"of Lars Halvor Jensen and Martin Michael Larsson. Deekay wrote the song in collaboration with the Sugababes, consisting of Heidi Range, Keisha Buchanan and Amelle Berrabah. British singer and songwriter Niara Scarlett also co-wrote the song. It is the title track of the group's fifth studio album, which is the first to feature Berrabah, following the departure of Mutya Buena in December 2005. The group's vocals on ""Change"" were recorded at the Electric Lady Studios in New York City. Deekay arranged and programmed the song, and provided its instrumentation. It was mixed by Larsson at the duo's studio in Copenhagen,"
"had not been approved beforehand, seeming to indicate a split in the group. On 3 December 2015, AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel announced in an audio statement that Al-Mourabitoun had joined his organisation. ISIL formally accepted Sahraoui's pledge of allegiance in a statement and video released in October 2016. The reason for the lengthy delay in acknowledgement was not clear. Al-Mourabitoun (militant group) Al-Mourabitoun () was an African militant jihadist organisation formed by a merger between Ahmed Ould Amer, a.k.a. Ahmed al-Tilemsi's Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa and Mokhtar Belmokhtar's Al-Mulathameen. In 4 December 2015, it joined Al-Qaeda"
"as the Cedar Revolution. It also became a member of the March 14 Alliance, along with the Future Movement, Progressive Socialist Party, Lebanese Forces and other minor parties. The Kataeb won 4 seats in the June 2005 elections, 3 representing the Gemayel Leadership (Pierre Gemayel, Solange Gemayel and Antoine Ghanem) and 1 representing the official leadership of the Party. However, they formed one parliamentary bloc after a reconciliation that took place in 2005. This reconciliation was marketed as gesture of good will from Pierre Amine Gemayel who deemed it was time to turn the page and give those who were"
"in 1995, and Emile Lahoud in 2004. In 2001 he joined the Qornet Shehwan Gathering, regrouping prominent Christian opposition figures under the patronage of Maronite Patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir. The same year, he founded along with about two hundreds and fifty Lebanese intellectuals (including Misbah Ahdab, Camille Ziadé, Nadim Salem, Antoine Haddad, Ziad Baroud, Wafic Zantout, Mona Fayad, Hareth Sleiman, Malek Mroueh, and Melhem Chaoul) the Democratic Renewal Movement. A movement that presents itself as a reformist and laic, opposition political movement. He was a prominent figure of the anti-Syrian opposition movement that started to organise after the extension of"
"charge of the Marada. He is a close personal friend of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. He was serving as Interior Minister, in the Lebanese government, when Rafiq al-Hariri was assassinated on 14 February 2005. After the 2005 legislative elections, the Marada became a member of the opposition alliance (pro-Syrian) together with Hezbollah. In June 2006, the Marada Movement was officially launched as a political party during a ceremony attended by supporters and representatives from Hezbollah, Amal Movement, the Free Patriotic Movement, and some pro-Syrian political figures. Marada Movement The Marada Movement ( ""Tayyār Al-Marada"") is a Lebanese political party and"
"under Presidents Ahmed Ben Bella and Houari Boumédiène. The reformist-Islamist ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, in particular, was strengthened through the recruitment of Arabic language teachers from other Arab countries, particularly Egypt, which is the Brotherhood's main stronghold. When a multi-party system was introduced in Algeria in the early 1990s, the Muslim Brotherhood formed the Movement for the Society of Peace (MSP), led by Mahfoud Nahnah until his death in 2003 (he was succeeded by present party leader Boudjerra Soltani). The party was initially known as the ""Movement for the Islamic Society"", and abbreviated in Arabic as Hamas, but following"
"2005. During the Lebanese Civil War, the party had an armed militia, the Assad Battalion. The party joined forces with Kamal Jumblatt's Progressive Socialist Party in organizing the Lebanese National Movement, seeking to abolish the confessional state. The Lebanese National Movement was later superseded by the Lebanese National Resistance Front, in which the party participated. The party organized resistance against Israeli forces in Lebanon. In July 1987 it took part in forming yet another front, the Unification and Liberation Front. In the 2009 parliamentary election, the party won two seats as part of the March 8 Alliance. The parliamentarians of"
"in February 2015. On 3 May 2015, some of the former members of the northern branches of the Hazzm Movement, including the Atarib Martyrs Brigade, and the Syrian Revolutionaries Front along with Jabhat al-Akrad, the Dawn of Freedom Brigades main component group the Northern Sun Battalion (making the Dawn of Freedom Brigades defunct in the process) and smaller FSA groups formed the Army of Revolutionaries. Many of the northern members of the Syrian Revolutionaries Front and Hazzm Movement also joined the Levant Front. On 8 June 2016, Jabhat al-Akrad established an all-female unit called the ""Shahba Women's Protection Front"". In"
"figures; however, its stand in accepting a non-member of its group as a representative is still unclear. It is also unknown whether Amr Moussa, the head of the Arab League who met with ElBaradei a day earlier, will be part of the new movement. On 7 March 2011 it was announced that ElBaradei intended to run for the presidential elections, this intention was later clearly stated in a live interview by ElBaradei to the ON TV channel 10 March 2011. On 14 January 2012 ElBaradei declared he would not run for president. On 4 July 2013 ElBaradei was mentioned as"
"as part of a parliamentary coalition with it in opposition to Hamas and other political rivals. On December 28, 2005, it was announced that Fatah was going to submit a new, unified list for the January primaries, consisting of members from both Fatah's old guard and Al-Mustaqbal. Barghouti was given the top slot on the list. Al-Mustaqbal spokesmen claimed that the decision to re-join Fatah was motivated out a desire to prevent Hamas from gaining electoral strength. Shortly after the announcement, Barghouti began campaigning for Fatah from his jail cell, apologizing to young Fatah members for the party's past mistakes,"
"Gathering. This political opposition grouping formed in 2001 was the primary opposition force to Syrian hegemony in Lebanon affiliated with the Maronite Church, advocating Syrian withdrawal, full Lebanese independence and sovereignty, as well as the implementation of the Taif Accord of 1989. The group gathered key Christian figures, including Lebanese Minister Pierre Amine Gemayel, and Members of Parliament Gebran Tueni and Antoine Ghanem, all of which were assassinated for their political opposition. Moawad was a founding member of the Bristol Gathering in 2005, the largest multi-sectarian opposition bloc in the history of Lebanon at the time, formed following the illegal"
"not welcome in the kingdom after plans were announced for Pope Benedict XVI to visit the country. In 2012, Rohile Gharaibeh, a former senior IAF official, established the Zamzam Initiative, an organization with the stated goal of ending the Brotherhood's ""monopoly on Islamic discourse"" and promoting a more inclusive, indigenous Islam that does not ""alienate the public."" However, the Brotherhood's Shura Council responded by prohibiting members from interacting with the new group."" In 2015, the IAF was split between reformists and nonreformists, resulting in the party terminating the membership of seven members: Abdul Majeed Thneibat, Qassem Taamneh, Mamdouh Muheisen, Khalil"
"and Central Committee member in mid-2005. There is no formal structure linked to the Damascus-based Ba'ath Party. Most Ba'athists in Tunisia support the Iraqi faction as members of the Ba'ath Movement or the more leftist and radical the Party of the Arab and Democratic Vanguard. Only a small number of militants headed by Mohamed Salah Hermassi (a member of the Damascus-based National Command) are historically linked to Damascus. Ba'athism in Yemen originated in the 1950s. The party worked underground until 1990. It obtained official registration as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region on December 31, 1995 (while the"
"between 10 and 17 April 2014, as was senior commander Omar Ould Hamaha weeks earlier. The group is named after the Almoravids, a North-West African Islamic dynasty of the 11th and 12th centuries, spanning from Senegal to the Iberian peninsula. It has been designated as a terrorist organization by the UN, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. On 14 May 2015, Adnan Abu Walid Sahraoui released an audio message pledging the group's allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Belmokhtar issued a statement several days later rejecting this pledge and stating that it"
"Egyptian and Israeli targets. Egyptian Islamic Jihad was formed in the 1970s, but later aligned itself with al-Qaeda in June 2011. In 2005, they were designated by the United States State Department as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). Jamaat al-Murabiteen (The Sentinels Group, also calling itself just 'al-Murabitun') is a jihadi organization formed in July 2015, led by Abu Omar al-Muhajir, the alias for Hisham Ashmawi, who defected from the Egyptian army's special forces and was once linked to Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, which became the Islamic State's Sinai Province. The group is a part of AQSP, a part of Al-Qaeda,"
"the pro-Syrian president Emile Lahoud's term and which gained more political weight following the assassination of Rafiq Hariri on 14 February 2005. The Democratic Renewal Movement is part of the March 14 Alliance, an anti-Syrian coalition (also regrouping Saad Hariri's Future Movement, Amine Gemayel's Kataeb Party, Elias Atallah's Democratic Left, Carlos Éddé's National Bloc and Dory Chamoun's National Liberal Party). Nassib Lahoud took part in the 2005 legislative elections in his Metn district, at the head of the opposition list. He lost the elections against Michel Aoun's Free Patriotic Movement and allied pro-Syrian figures. Nassib Lahoud was since 1995 considered"
"members, but the results were disputed and central lists imposed in some areas. The younger faction submitted a list dubbed Al-Mustaqbal (""the Future""), headed by Barghouti. However, on December 28, 2005, the leadership of the two factions agreed to submit a single list to voters, headed by Barghouti, who began actively campaigning for Fatah from his jail cell. Despite this, the two groups were by no means fully reconciled. The main component of this list was the Islamist Hamas movement, Fatah's main rival on the Palestinian political scene. Hamas has refused to recognize the right of Israel to exist. Hamas"
"in the Lebanese government of July 2005. The two official Hizbullah ministers are Muhammad Fneish and Trad Hamadeh. Muhammad Fneish was appointed Energy and Water Minister in the cabinet and has been quoted as saying ""We are a political force that took part in the polls under the banner of defending the resistance and protecting Lebanon and got among the highest level of popular backing ... Hezbollah's resistance (against Israel) does not in any way contradict its political role. If joining the government and parliament is a national duty, then so is defending the country."" Although Hezbollah joined the new"
"Al-Mourabitoun (militant group) Al-Mourabitoun () was an African militant jihadist organisation formed by a merger between Ahmed Ould Amer, a.k.a. Ahmed al-Tilemsi's Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa and Mokhtar Belmokhtar's Al-Mulathameen. In 4 December 2015, it joined Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). The group seeks to implement Sharia Law in Mali, Algeria, southwestern Libya, and Niger. On 2 March 2017, the group's cells in Mali, along with Ansar Dine, Macina Liberation Front and the Saharan branch of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb merged into the group Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin. Al-Mourabitoun is composed mostly of"
"extension of former Lebanese President Emile Lahoud’s term imposed by the Syrian government. Key founding political groups included the Kornet Chehwan Gathering, the Free Patriotic Movement, the Progressive Socialist Party, and the Future Movement. Following the 2005 Cedar Revolution, Moawad joined the leadership of the March 14 coalition, participated in the Doha Conference of May 2008, that came as a result of the May 7 events that saw Hezbollah militarily invade the capital and parts of the Chouf area. The conference produced the Doha Accord to end an 18-month-long political crisis. Shortly after, Moawad ran as a candidate for the"
"ignoring ISIE's ban of canvassing during this period. In the parliamentary election in October 2011, the party received only 1.26% of the votes. However, in the Siliana district, the party managed to receive 6.3% of the votes and Noureddine Mrabti won the party's only seat for the Constituent Assembly. Together with twelve defectors from the Aridha Chaabia list, Mrabti founded the ""Liberty and democracy"" parliamentary group, which was later reorganized into the ""Democratic transition"" parliamentary group. However, only Hanène Sassi remained a permanent member of the party. On 7 March 2013, it was announced that to create a new ""centrist"
"institutions such as the Judicial system, the Guardian Council and Revolutionary Guard Corps. After the 15 Khordad demonstration failed in Iran, it was felt that a coherence organization was needed. The association was founded in 1977 by a group of clerics with intentions to use Islamic culture and traditions to overthrow the Shah. Although the exact founding members of the group are unsure, some of them were said to be Ali Khamenei, Morteza Motahhari, Mohammad Beheshti, Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Fazlollah Mahallati, and Mohammad Mofatteh, and its current members include founding members Ali Khamenei and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani."
"in June 2012, a deadly attack in September 2012 on the US embassy in Tunisia and the assassination of politicians Chokri Belaid (February 2013) and Mohamed Brahmi (July 2013). The group was designated as a terrorist organisation by the Tunisian government in August 2013. The group was damaged by the widespread arrests that followed this designation, and many of its members left Tunisia, traveling to Libya and joining the local Ansar al-Sharia, or going to Syria and joining the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. An interview conducted over the course of three different meetings between January and March"
"they are in an undeclared alliance with Mustaqbal, perhaps for reasons of current political expediency. Several public figures became Ahbash members when it emerged in France beginning in 1991, such as rapper Kery James or Abd Samad Moussaoui. In 1995, members of a Salafi jihadi group called ""Osbat al-Ansar"" killed the leader of Al-Ahbash, Sheikh Nizar Halabi, who was reportedly being groomed by the Syrians to become Lebanon's Grand Mufti. His murder led to a heavy-handed Syrian response—concluding with the gruesome public execution of his assassins in 1997. It has been compared to the Turkish Gülen movement. Al-Ahbash beliefs are"
"al-Jaheishi. Jordanian militant Abu Musab al-Zarqawi started a group called Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Organization of Monotheism and Jihad) in 1999, aiming to overthrow the 'apostate' Kingdom of Jordan. Although they are believed to have assassinated US diplomat Laurence Foley in 2002, they became notorious for their violent campaign in Iraq, which began in August 2003. In October 2004, Zarqawi pledged alliance to Osama bin Laden and changed the name of his group to Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (Organization of Jihad's Base in Mesopotamia), often referred to as Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which indulged in dozens of violent"
"""post revolutionary"" Libya. In June 2017, the Libyan House of Representatives (HoR) produced a list of terrorists inside Libya with links to Qatar, a widely purported sponsor of terrorism. The list was signed by Talal Almaihub, chairman of the defense and national security committee of the HoR. Multiple Brotherhood members were named in the list, including executive member, Nizar Kiwan, major donor, Abdulrazaq al-Aradi, and Ali Salabi, “the man considered to the ideological brains of the Muslim Brotherhood.” In November 2016, former prime minister of Libya, Khalifa al-Ghawil, stated in an interview with ""Libya Al-Hadith"" TV that the JCP was"
"road in September 2012. In October 2012, another founding member and former chief organizer in northern Lebanon, Abu Qaswara al-Qurashi, was killed in a gun battle in Homs. The original ranks of the group contained several members who have been trained by the United States in Saudi Arabia in order to fight against the Soviets in the Soviet–Afghan War. In its initial phase, the group received U.S. funding through funds given to the Lebanese government of prime minister Fouad Siniora in order to weaken Syria, which was seen as a supporter of terrorism in Iraq. Fatah al-Islam was regarded as"
"of the Democratic opposition. The amnesty plan was rejected by the main remaining insurgent group, the GSPC, although perhaps as many as several hundred fighters still left their hideouts to claim amnesty. The group's warfare against the Algerian state continues despite reconciliation plan, although Bouteflika's government claims it has had an impact in removing support for the group. In 2006, the GSPC was officially accepted as a branch of al-Qaida in a video message by Ayman al-Zawahiri; soon thereafter, it changed its name to al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Bouteflika has kept the amnesty option open – apparently open-ended"
"rebel groups including al-Nusra Front, the Islamic Front and the Army of Mujahideen. In the months that followed, JMA reportedly spearheaded many of the assaults on Syrian government-controlled areas of western Aleppo. On 25 July 2014, the group joined with several other Aleppo-based jihadist factions into an alliance called Jabhat Ansar al-Din. In late 2014, the Saudi-dominated faction Green Battalion swore allegiance to JMA leader Salahuddin Shishani and became part of the group. In mid-2015, Shishani was deposed from the leadership following an internal dispute with the Saudi head of JMA’s sharia committee, Mu'tasim Billah al-Madani. Al-Madani subsequently became the"
"de France"" (formerly UOIF) are affiliated. Intisar Kherigi, member of ENAR's board is the daughter of Rached Ghannouchi, co-founder of the ""Ennahdha"" Party, the Tunisian affiliate of the Muslim Brotherhood. Michaël Privot, ENAR's Director, publicly admitted he had joined the Muslim Brotherhood. ENAR's board member Rokhaya Diallo was also criticized for saying ""what Bin Laden says is not false"" and meeting controversial activist Dieudonné M'bala M'bala, who has been condemned for antisemitism and hate speech. ENAR is funded by Open Society Foundation, which is founded and run by George Soros. ENAR’s vision is of a society that guarantees equality for"
"came to power, the Muslim Brotherhood indeed tried to establish armed groups of supporters and it sought official permission for its members to be armed. In Bahrain, the Muslim Brotherhood ideology is speculated to be represented by the Al Eslah Society and its political wing, the Al-Menbar Islamic Society. Following parliamentary elections in 2002, Al Menbar became the largest joint party with eight seats in the forty-seat Chamber of Deputies. Prominent members of Al Menbar include Dr. Salah Abdulrahman, Dr. Salah Al Jowder, and outspoken MP Mohammed Khalid. The party has generally backed government-sponsored legislation on economic issues, but has"
"and had worked for al-Qaeda in Afghanistan in 2002. In August 2014, the group suffered a split over Abu Bakar Baasyir's pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). Many members of the group, including top leaders, and Baasyir's sons reportedly disagreed with this decision over ideological reasons and left to form a new group called Jamaah Ansharusy Syariah, led by Mochammad Achwan. Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid, Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid, or (JAT) is a splinter cell of the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) designated as a terrorist organization by the"
"Syrian and Iranian intervention. ""Under this agreement, Amal's authority over the security of southern Lebanon [is] recognized while Hizballah [is] permitted to maintain only a nonmilitary presence through political, cultural, and informational programmes."" Amal was a strong supporter of Syria after 1990 and endorsed Syria's military presence in Lebanon. After Rafik Hariri's assassination in 2005, Amal opposed the Syrian withdrawal and did not take part in the Cedar Revolution. Since 1990, the party has been continuously represented in the parliament and the government. Amal's enemies often criticize it for corruption among its semi-major leaders. Nabih Berri was elected speaker of"