"influential Model M (1985). In computer keyboard standards, this was formalized in the American Standards Association X4.14-1971 standard as ""typewriter pairing"" (colloquially a typewriter-paired keyboard), along with bit-paired keyboards, but became the only standard in the successor X4.23-1982 standard. The Selectric keyboard layout was so influential that two decades later ""PC Magazine"" wrote that non-IBM personal computer companies' keyboards ""slavishly"" imitated it. The new layout was not universal, however – internationally, many layouts kept the earlier standard, which is most visible in yielding "", as on the standard UK layout. Also, the bit-paired keyboard layout mostly died out, but is"
"text can be typed without chording, and chords are limited to 2 fingers. The Decatxt keyboard uses the IN10DID 10 key chording method[29] (pronounced ""intended""), and is currently on Amazon. It is a wireless one-handed chord keyboard that places two keys under each finger in order to utilize one hand for typing. Typically only two fingers are needed for any operations. Each key is essentially a shift key so that with ten keys, there are ten single keystrokes and dozens of two and three key combinations. The alphabet is produced with a single press for ten letters or by shifting"
"the longest English words that can be written using only the keys in the top row. The first computer terminals such as the Teletype were typewriters that could produce and be controlled by various computer codes. These used the QWERTY layouts and added keys such as escape (ESC) which had special meanings to computers. Later keyboards added function keys and arrow keys. Since the standardization of PC-compatible computers and Windows after the 1980s, most full-sized computer keyboards have followed this standard (see drawing at right). This layout has a separate numeric keypad for data entry at the right, 12 function"
"QWERTZ The QWERTZ or QWERTZU keyboard is a typewriter and keyboard layout widely used in Central Europe. The name comes from the first six letters at the top left of the keyboard: ( ). The main difference between QWERTZ and QWERTY is that the positions of the and keys are switched (hence the nickname ""kezboard""). This change was made for two major reasons: Similar to many other non-English keyboards: Some of special key inscriptions are often changed from an abbreviation to a graphical symbol (for example caps lock becomes a hollow arrow pointing down, backspace becomes a left-pointing arrow). In"
"Write-only language In computer humor, a write-only language is a pejorative term for a programming language alleged to have syntax or semantics sufficiently dense and bizarre that any routine of significant size is too difficult to understand by other programmers and cannot be safely edited. Similarly, ""write-only code"" is source code so arcane, complex, or ill-structured that it cannot be reliably modified or even comprehended by anyone with the possible exception of the author. Write-only code is also referred to as line noise, suggesting that the code looks like spurious characters from signal noise in the communication line. In such"
"Etaoin shrdlu Etaoin shrdlu (, ) is a nonsense phrase that sometimes appeared in print in the days of ""hot type"" publishing because of a custom of type-casting machine operators. It appeared often enough to become part of newspaper lore, and ""etaoin shrdlu"" is listed in the ""Oxford English Dictionary"" and in the ""Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary"". It is the approximate order of frequency of the 12 most commonly used letters in the English language. The letters on type-casting machine keyboards (such as Linotype and Intertype) were arranged by letter frequency, so e-t-a-o-i-n s-h-r-d-l-u were the lowercase keys in"
"former was implemented in the Remington No. 2, the machine was fundamentally an ""upstrike"" design, meaning the typebars struck upwards against the underside of the platen. As this occurred inside the machine, the operator could not see what was being entered as it was typed. Although competing brands, such as the Oliver and Underwood, began to market ""visible"" typewriters in the 1890s, a Remington-branded model did not appear until the Remington No. 10 in 1906. The QWERTY keyboard, so named for the first six characters of the uppermost alphabetic row, was invented during the course of the typewriter's development. The"
"be avoided. The QWERTY layout has more than 3,000 words that are typed on the left hand alone and about 300 words that are typed on the right hand alone (the aforementioned word ""minimum"" is a right-hand-only word). In contrast, with the Dvorak layout, only a few words are typed using only the left hand and even fewer use the right hand alone. This is because most syllables require at least one vowel, and, in a Dvorak layout, all the vowels (and ""y"") fall on the left side of the keyboard. QWERTY enjoys advantages with respect to the Dvorak pattern"
"(to overcome the historic limits of mechanical typewriters), like the Canadian Québec layout or the recently (2012) standardized German T2 layout. According to ISO/IEC 9995-1, the level is indicated by the row where the character is depicted on the keytop: The group is indicated by the column on the keytop: When letters on a case pair are associated with a key, only the capital character need to be shown on the keytop for the primary group, while the lowercase character only is shown for the secondary group. Thus, on the depicted key of the German T2 layout, in the primary"
"is another origin story in the Smithsonian that the QWERTY keyboard was made for telegraph operators and has this layout to make it easy for the telegraph operator to work. (On the other hand, in the German keyboard the Z has been moved between the T and the U to help type the frequent bigraphs TZ and ZU in that language.) Almost every word in the English language contains at least one vowel letter, but on the QWERTY keyboard only the vowel letter ""A"" is on the home row, which requires the typist's fingers to leave the home row for"
"TECO has been described as a ""write-only"" language, implying that once a program is written in TECO, it is extremely difficult to comprehend what it did without appropriate documentation. Despite its syntax, the TECO command language was tremendously powerful, and clones are still available for MS-DOS and for Unix. TECO commands are characters (including control-characters), and the prompt is a single asterisk: The escape key displays as a dollar sign, pressed once it delineates the end of a command requiring an argument and pressed twice initiates the execution of the entered commands: Given a file named hello.c with the following"
"31% faster than a multi-tap keyboard, when typing is modeled with Fitt's law. The 9 most frequent letters in English texts: ETAONRISH, are placed on the keyboard so they can be accessed on a single click. The next 17 less frequent letters: DLFCMUGYPWBVKJXQZ, are placed as to be triggered by a single move of the finger from or to the central key (O) (except for Z which is centered around the 'E' key together with some punctuation characters). For example, the letter V is typed by dragging the finger from A to O, and the letter D by moving from"
"were intended to be combined (overstruck). On mechanical typewriters, Spanish keyboards (the first, or one of the first, non-English keyboards) had a dead key, which contained the acute accent (´), used over any vowel, and the dieresis (¨), used only over ""u"". It was a simple matter to create a dead key for a Portuguese keyboard (created later than the Spanish one) to be overstruck with ""a"" and ""o"" and so the ~ was born as a typographical character, which did not exist previously as a type or hot-lead printing character. That was probably a product of the first and"
"of the decimal point (the tab stop), to facilitate the typing of columns with numbers of different length ($1.00, $10.00, $100.00, etc.) In English-speaking countries, ordinary typewriters printing fixed-width characters were standardized to print six horizontal lines per vertical inch, and had either of two variants of character ""width"", called ""pica"" for ten characters per horizontal inch and ""elite"" for twelve. This differed from the use of these terms in printing, where ""pica"" is a linear unit (approximately 1⁄6 of an inch) used for any measurement, the most common one being the height of a type face. Some typewriters were"
"Monotype System The Monotype system is a system for printing by hot-metal typesetting from a keyboard. The two most significant differences from the competing Linotype machine are: A Monotype operator enters text on a Monotype keyboard, on which characters are arranged in the QWERTY arrangement of a conventional typewriter, but with this arrangement repeated multiple times. Thus, the typesetter moves his hands from one group of keys to another to type uppercase or lowercase, small capitals, italic uppercase or italic lowercase, and so on. When the text nears the right margin, a drum on the keyboard indicates codes which are"
"hand, is a variant of QWERTY. Typewriters were also made for East Asian languages with thousands of characters, such as Chinese or Japanese. They were not easy to operate, but professional typists used them for a long time until the development of electronic word processors and laser printers in the 1980s. On modern keyboards, the exclamation point is the shifted character on the 1 key, a direct result of the historical fact that these were the last characters to become ""standard"" on keyboards. Holding the spacebar pressed down usually suspended the carriage advance mechanism (a so-called ""dead key"" feature), allowing"
"and – for special actions, and often a ""numeric keypad"" to facilitate calculations. There is some variation between different keyboard models in the mechanical layout – i.e., how many keys there are and how they are positioned on the keyboard. However, differences between national layouts are mostly due to different selections and placements of symbols on the character keys. The core section of a keyboard consists of character keys, which can be used to type letters and other characters. Typically, there are three rows of keys for typing letters and punctuation, an upper row for typing digits and special symbols,"
"SuperWrite SuperWrite is an English shorthand system based largely on previous shorthand systems and largely intended for people who need to increase their writing speed without devoting months to learning more complicated systems. It is a writing system, as it uses cursive forms of the letters of the spoken alphabet to represent sounds. Aside from assigning special abbreviations to common words, the system functions largely by omitting short vowels from within words. Hence, SuperWrite could be considered an impure abjad. Its publishers claim it uses only the 26 letters of the longhand alphabet with no extra symbols, however, the capital"
"The letter ""ÿ"", which appears in French only very rarely, mainly in city names such as L'Haÿ-les-Roses and never at the beginning of words, is included only in lowercase form. The slot corresponding to its uppercase form is occupied by the lowercase letter ""ß"" from the German language, which did not have an uppercase form at the time when the standard was created. For some languages listed above, the correct typographical quotation marks are missing, as only , , and are included. Also, this scheme does not provide for oriented (6- or 9-shaped) single or double quotation marks. Some fonts"
"SKY (keyboard layout) SKY () is a Latin alphabet keyboard layout for typing Japanese developed in 1987. The name comes from the fact that the keys S, K, and Y are under the user's fingers in the homerow of the left hand. According to the creator, SKY stands for “Simplified Keyboard for You”. The basic arrangement of SKY published in “Journal of Information Processing Society” is : The left hand is responsible for consonants, the right hand is for vowels. As a result, almost alternating left and right keying is possible like in Dvorak simplified keyboard. The layout only has"
"holding a modifier key with one hand leaves the other hand free to strike another key. An alphanumeric key labeled with only a single letter (usually the capital form) can generally be struck to type either a lower case or capital letter, the latter requiring the simultaneous holding of the key. The key is also used to type the upper of two symbols engraved on a given key, the lower being typed without using the modifier key. The English alphanumeric keyboard has a dedicated key for each of the letters A–Z, along with keys for punctuation and other symbols. In"
"Touch typing Touch typing (also called touch type or touch keyboarding) is a style of typing. Although the phrase refers to typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys - specifically, a touch typist will know their location on the keyboard through muscle memory - the term is often used to refer to a specific form of touch typing that involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard (the ""home row"") and having them reach for specific other keys. (Under this usage, typists who do not look at the keyboard"
"normally to the right on the upper row. The German typewriter keyboard layout was defined in DIN 2112, first issued in 1928. In other countries, the letter is not marked on the keyboard, but a combination of other keys can produce it. Often, the letter is input using a modifier and the ""s"" key. The details of the keyboard layout depend on the input language and operating system, such as Ctrl+Alt+s, on some keyboards such as US-International also AltGr+s in Microsoft Windows or Option+s on the US, US-Extended, and UK keyboards in macOS. In Windows, one can also use alt"
"While the line is being cast, the operator can continue entering text for the next line. The keyboard has 90 keys. There is no shift key; uppercase letters have keys separate from the lowercase letters. The arrangement of letters corresponds roughly to letter frequency, with the most frequently used letters on the left. The first two columns of keys are: e, t, a, o, i, n; and s, h, r, d, l, u. A Linotype operator would often deal with a typing error by running the fingers down these two rows, thus filling out the line with the nonsense words"
"known as ""masking"" and is a fundamental limitation of the way the keyboard electronics are designed. The following is a list of actions involving the shift key for the Microsoft Windows operating system. Shift key The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate ""upper"" characters. There are typically two shift keys, on the left and right sides of the row below the home row. The shift key's name originated from the typewriter, where one had to press and hold the button to shift up the case stamp to change to"
"a direct result of its appearance as a distinct character on mechanical typewriters in the late nineteenth century. When all character sets were pieces of metal permanently installed, and number of characters much more limited than in typography, the question of which languages and markets required which characters was an important one. Any good typewriter store had a catalog of alternative keyboards that could be specified for machines ordered from the factory. At that time, the tilde was used only in Spanish and Portuguese typewriters (keyboards). In Modern Spanish, the tilde is used only with ""ñ"" and ""Ñ"". Both were"
"single letters only and can be used quickly. Messages are filled out with a jumble of letters or numbers and are clearly cryptograms whereas Cardano intended to create steganograms. These single-letter grilles may be named after Cardano, but they are also called simply ""cardboard ciphers"". A further variation is a turning grille or trellis, based on the chess board, which was used in the latter 16th century. The turning grille reappeared in a more sophisticated form at the end of the 19th century; but, by this time, any connection with Cardano was in name alone. A Cardan grille is made"
"Shift key The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate ""upper"" characters. There are typically two shift keys, on the left and right sides of the row below the home row. The shift key's name originated from the typewriter, where one had to press and hold the button to shift up the case stamp to change to capital letters; the shift key was first used in the Remington No. 2 Type-Writer of 1878; the No. 1 model was capital-only. On the US layout and similar keyboard layouts, characters that typically"
"""é"", whereas codice_11 followed by codice_8 generates ""à"" and codice_11 followed by codice_10 generates ""è""). Dead key A dead key is a special kind of a modifier key on a mechanical typewriter, or computer keyboard, that is typically used to attach a specific diacritic to a base letter. The dead key does not generate a (complete) character by itself, but modifies the character generated by the key struck immediately after. Thus, a dedicated key is not needed for each possible combination of a diacritic and a letter, but rather only one dead key for each diacritic is needed, in addition"
"but do not use home row either are referred to as hybrid typists.) Both two-handed touch typing and one-handed touch typing are possible. Frank Edward McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah who taught typing classes, reportedly invented home row touch typing in 1888. On a standard QWERTY keyboard for English speakers the home row keys are: ""ASDF"" for the left hand and ""JKL;"" for the right hand. Most modern computer keyboards have a raised dot or bar on the home keys for the index fingers to help touch typists maintain and rediscover the correct position on the"
"to write APL code using only ASCII characters, in practice it is almost never done. (This may be thought to support Iverson's thesis about notation as a tool of thought.) Most if not all modern implementations use standard keyboard layouts, with special mappings or input method editors to access non-ASCII characters. Historically, the APL font has been distinctive, with uppercase italic alphabetic characters and upright numerals and symbols. Most vendors continue to display the APL character set in a custom font. Advocates of APL claim that the examples of so-called ""write-only code"" (badly written and almost incomprehensible code) are almost"
"proper, ’, a single quotation mark, or the prime symbol. Some typewriters have ""non-spacing"" keys used as diacritical marks. After the typist pushes, say, acute accent ◌́ the caret does not move. This allows the typist to overstrike this mark by a spacing letter, say, e and obtain é, an accented letter. Due to geometrical restrictions of a monospaced font, the result could not always be perfect. For example, overstriking unlikely was a feasible method to produce uppercase accented letters, such as É. Overstrike was used on line printers for the same goal. This contributed to standardization of such characters"
"hand, the 辶 and 廴 components are typically typed ""last"". Strokes of keyboard is divided into 5 zones <br> <br> <br> Example 1: 请 Consists of three components: y (讠, radical #10), g (王*, radical 89), e (月, radical 118) -> 请 Example 2: 遗 Consists of five components: k (口), h (丨), g (一), m (贝), p (辶) -> khgp ->遗 ( you don't need type m ) 文： First you type the key with the symbol on it, which happens to be 'Y'. Then you type the first component, which is also 'Y' for the 点 stroke, then"