"Nixon proposed that all US prisoners of war (POWs) be released and an internationally supervised cease fire take place. The U.S. would cease bombing and withdraw from South Vietnam within six months after those conditions were met. Nixon also announced the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnamese harbors, calculating correcting that he could take such a step without endangering the U.S.'s improving relationships with China and the Soviet Union. Nixon's action inspired an outbreak of anti-Vietnam War protests around the U.S. with 1,800 arrests of protesters reported. In one of the largest and most intense battles of the Easter"
"proposal by a wide margin. Senator Jacob K. Javits offered ""...large sums for evacuation, but not one nickel for military aid"". President Thieu resigned on April 21, 1975, publicly blaming the lack of support from the United States for the fall of his country. Two days later, on April 23, Ford gave a speech at Tulane University, announcin that the Vietnam War was over ""...as far as America is concerned"". With the North Vietnamese forces advancing on the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon, Ford ordered the evacuation of U.S. personnel, while also allowing U.S. forces to aid others who wished"
"Vietnam many times to study the situation firsthand and became increasingly reluctant to approve the large force increments requested by the military commanders. McNamara said that the Domino Theory was the main reason for entering the Vietnam War. In the same interview he stated, ""Kennedy hadn't said before he died whether, faced with the loss of Vietnam, he would [completely] withdraw; but I believe today that had he faced that choice, he would have withdrawn."" To commemorate President Harry S Truman's signing an order to end segregation in the military McNamara issued Directive 5120.36 on July 26, 1963. This directive,"
"War forced the U.S. to cease bombing communist forces in Cambodia in August and in November Congress adopted the War Powers Resolution which limited the U.S. President's authority to wage war. The Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives voted 154 to 75 to cut off U.S. funds for the war in Vietnam once all U.S. forces were withdrawn and U.S. Prisoners of war (POWs) were released. As President Richard Nixon and most Republicans opposed the cutoff, the vote had only symbolic impact. In Beijing, Chinese leader Zhou Enlai told North Vietnam's peace negotiator, Le Duc Tho,"
"<br> <br> Retired from active service in July 1972. William Westmoreland William Childs Westmoreland (March 26, 1914 – July 18, 2005) was a United States Army general, most notably commander of United States forces during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968. He served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1968 to 1972. Westmoreland adopted a strategy of attrition against the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army, attempting to drain them of manpower and supplies. He also made use of the United States' edge in artillery and air power, both in tactical confrontations and in"
"However, despite all efforts, a loose combination of troops either wanting to flee or wanting to kill as many communists as possible before their deaths, mostly leaderless and cut off from supplies, could not hope to stand against a disciplined army with artillery and armored support. At 4:58 a.m on 30 April, U.S. Ambassador Martin boarded a helicopter and departed from the US Embassy, Saigon on one of the last American evacuation flights. At 07:53 the last U.S. Marines were lifted from the roof of the U.S. Embassy. At 10:24 a.m. President Minh ordered all South Vietnamese forces to cease"
"It began on 29 April, in an atmosphere of desperation, as hysterical crowds of Vietnamese vied for limited space. Martin pleaded with Washington to dispatch $700 million in emergency aid to bolster the regime and help it mobilize fresh military reserves, but American public opinion had soured on the conflict. President Gerald Ford had given a televised speech on 23 April, declaring an end to the Vietnam War and all U.S. aid. Frequent Wind continued around the clock, as North Vietnamese tanks breached defenses on the outskirts of Saigon. In the early morning hours of 30 April, the last U.S."
"Obama issued a proclamation of the . On November 10, 2017, President Donald Trump issued an additional . General: Vietnam War The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet"
"aggressive, the South Vietnamese military had virtually ceased to exist. Just before 05:00 on 30 April, U.S. Ambassador Martin boarded a helicopter and departed and at 07:53 the last Marines were evacuated from the U.S. Embassy rooftop. At 10:24, being advised by General Nguyễn Hữu Hạnh, President Minh went on radio and ordered all South Vietnamese forces to cease fighting and later declared an unconditional surrender. He announced, ""The Republic of Vietnam policy is the policy of peace and reconciliation, aimed at saving the blood of our people. We are here waiting for the Provisional Revolutionary Government to hand over"
"the proposal by a wide margin. Senator Jacob K. Javits offered ""...large sums for evacuation, but not one nickel for military aid"". President Thieu resigned on April 21, 1975, publicly blaming the lack of support from the United States for the fall of his country. Two days later, on April 23, Ford gave a speech at Tulane University. In that speech, he announced that the Vietnam War was over ""...as far as America is concerned"". The announcement was met with thunderous applause. 1,373 U.S. citizens and 5,595 Vietnamese and third country nationals were evacuated from the South Vietnamese capital of"
"Memorandum 263 (NSAM 263) John F Kennedy ordered the withdrawal of 1,000 American troops from South Vietnam without any public announcement of the withdrawal. The New York Times echoed several other publications by urging that the Kennedy Administration not reject the idea of a neutral South Vietnam. The Army Attaché Colonel Jones of the American Embassy in Saigon met with Colonel Nguyen Kuong of ARVN. Kuong said that ""A small, powerful group of military officers who can control sufficient forces are prepared to launch a coup against the Diệm government. He outlined how they can assassinate Diệm almost at will,"
"of Tonkin Resolution, passed in reaction to a supposed North Vietnamese attack upon American destroyers, brought the U.S. into the war as a belligerent. The war was initially viewed as a fight to contain communism (see containment, Truman Doctrine, and Domino Theory), but, as more Americans were drafted and news of events such as the Tet Offensive and My Lai massacre leaked out, American sentiment turned against the war. U.S. President Richard Nixon was elected partially on claims of a ""secret plan"" to stop the war. This Nixon Doctrine involved a gradual pullout of American forces; South Vietnamese units were"
"1979. On April 23, 1975, President Gerald Ford gave a televised speech declaring an end to the Vietnam War and all U.S. aid. North Vietnamese tanks breached defenses on the outskirts of Saigon and the song ""White Christmas"" was broadcast, as the final signal for U.S. withdrawal. Master Sergeant Juan J. Valdez was the noncommissioned officer in charge of the Marine security guard detachment stationed at the US Embassy, Saigon. He had previously served from 1965 to 1967 with Company B, 3d Amphibian Tractor Battalion, attached to 2d Bn, Fourth Marine Regiment and was now on his second tour. On"
"supplies to Israel during the Yom Kippur War. 1974: Evacuation from Cyprus: United States naval forces evacuated U.S. civilians during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. 1975: Evacuation from Vietnam: Operation Frequent Wind, On April 3, 1975, President Ford reported U.S. naval vessels, helicopters, and Marines had been sent to assist in evacuation of refugees and US nationals from Vietnam. 1975: Evacuation from Cambodia: Operation Eagle Pull, On April 12, 1975, President Ford reported that he had ordered U.S. military forces to proceed with the planned evacuation of U.S. citizens from Cambodia. 1975: South Vietnam: On April 30, 1975, President Ford"
"Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a massive demonstration and teach-in across the United States against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. It took place on October 15, 1969, followed a month later by a large Moratorium March on Washington. The Moratorium developed from Jerome Grossman's April 20, 1969, call for a general strike if the war had not concluded by October. David Hawk and Sam Brown, who had previously worked on the unsuccessful 1968 presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy, changed the concept to a less radical moratorium"
"President to implement a policy of strict neutrality, and creating a bi-partisan congressional commission, supported by a staff in Vietnam throughout the election campaign, to oversee U.S. policies and activities that might interfere with the electoral process. S. Res. 62 — Resolving that the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Appropriations, and Armed Services should examine and report on the requirements and consequences of the orderly withdrawal of all U.S. forces from Southeast (SE) Asia including the safe return of American POWs. S. Res. 66 — Urging the President immediately to withdraw all U.S. Armed Forces from Indochina and to terminate"
"military victory over South Vietnam before the end of April. President Ford, over the objections of Ambassador Graham Martin, ordered the evacuation of non-essential American employees of the U.S. in South Vietnam. Martin feared that a U.S. evacuation would undermine confidence in the South Vietnamese government, cause panic, and possibly incite violence against Americans. Ford also created on this date the Interagency Task Force on Indochinese Refugees to evacuate Americans and Vietnamese from South Vietnam. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger met with the USSR Ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobrynin. He presented a letter from President Ford requesting the"
"Vietnam Humanitarian Assistance and Evacuation Act of 1975 Vietnam Humanitarian Assistance and Evacuation Act of 1975 was U.S. congressional legislation proposed to designate financial resources for the evacuation and humanitarian aid of South Vietnam preceding the Fall of Saigon. The Act of Congress was to grant the 38th President of the United States a U.S. monetary fund as immediate foreign assistance for the South Indochina liberation movement during the military offensive by the People's Army of Vietnam, People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and Viet Minh into Cochinchina. On April 11, 1975, U.S. President Gerald Ford initiated"
"by a vote of 88–2. Some members expressed misgivings about the measure, but in the end, only Democratic Senators Wayne Morse of Oregon and Ernest Gruening of Alaska cast opposing votes. Chinese leader Mao Zedong told North Vietnamese leader Lê Duẩn that he did not believe that the American provocation in the Tonkin Gulf meant war and that neither the Americans, the North Vietnamese, nor the Chinese wanted war. Therefore, ""because no one wants to fight a war, there will be no war."" Robert Thompson, counterinsurgency expert and head of the British Advisory Mission to South Vietnam, wrote to his"
"asserted that its conduct of operations in Southeast Asia was based not on the resolution but was a constitutional exercise of the President's authority, as Commander in Chief of U.S. military forces, to take necessary steps to protect American troops as they were gradually withdrawn (the U.S. had begun withdrawing its forces from Vietnam in 1969 under a policy known as ""Vietnamization""). Mounting public opinion against the war eventually led to the repeal of the resolution, which was attached to the Foreign Military Sales Act that Nixon signed in January 1971. Seeking to restore limits on presidential authority to engage"
"the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the Johnson Administration significant powers to make war in Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin battle is seen as the beginning of the dramatic escalation of U.S. operations in Vietnam. The end of the war is noted as May 7, 1975 because President Gerald R. Ford announced the end of the war on that day. Vietnam Era Vietnam Era is a term used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs to classify veterans of the Vietnam War. Various departments of federal, state and local governments as well as private employers often give Vietnam Era"
"North Korea, China, and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. For his part, ROK President Syngman Rhee attacked the peace proceedings. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. On January 15, 1973, President Richard Nixon of the USA ordered a ceasefire of the aerial bombings in North Vietnam. The decision came after Dr. Henry Kissinger, the National Security Affairs advisor to the president, returned to Washington from Paris, France with a draft peace proposal. Combat missions continued in South Vietnam. By January 27, 1973, all warring parties"
"in Hanoi. France completed an agreement with the Chinese government for the withdrawal of Chinese soldiers from Vietnam north of the 16th parallel. Việt Minh leader Ho Chi Minh sent a telegram to U.S. President Truman appealing to the U.S. ""to interfere urgently in support of our [Vietnamase] independence."" This was one of several letters and telegrams that Ho sent to the United States appealing for support. The U.S. never answered him. The British completed their withdrawal from Vietnam south of the 16th parallel, leaving French forces in control of the government of Cochinchina. In the morning, the French armada"
"outcome of the Vietnam War because ""The consequences of this defeat in the rest of Asia, Africa, and Latin America would be disastrous."" President Johnson approved National Security Action Memorandum 314 which authorized the resumption of naval patrols in the Tonkin Gulf and clandestine operations against North Vietnam under Operation 34A, limited actions in Laos, retaliatory actions if U.S. personnel were attacked, and continued economic aid to South Vietnam. Prompted by Prime Minister Khánh's concessions to the Buddhists, General Dương Văn Đức attempted a bloodless coup d'état. Air Force Commander Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and Catholic General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu helped"
"but intended these remain in the American as an active reserve. The president decided this was not easily accomplished. Together with the Tet Offensive and shifts in American public opinion, this abortive effort contributed to President Johnson's ultimate decision to de-escalate the war. After the election of President Richard M. Nixon, Wheeler oversaw the implementation of the ""Vietnamization"" program, whereby South Vietnamese forces assumed increasing responsibility for the war as American forces were withdrawn. Wheeler retired from the U.S. Army in July 1970. Wheeler was the longest-serving Chairman of the Joint Chiefs to date, serving six years. Upon his retirement,"
"Operation Keystone Eagle Operation Keystone Eagle was the withdrawal of the initial units of the 3rd Marine Division from South Vietnam and their redeployment to Okinawa, taking place from 29 June to 30 August 1969. Following from the policy of Vietnamization, U.S. President Richard Nixon sought to reduce U.S. forces in South Vietnam. After a visit to South Vietnam in March 1969, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird recommended that planning begin for the withdrawal of 50-70,000 U.S. troops in 1969 with further withdrawals in 1970. MACV began planning for the withdrawal of 50,000 troops or approximately 2 Divisions plus support"
"anti-Soviet Mujahideen forces in Afghanistan (""Operation Cyclone""). President Richard Nixon (1969-74) radically transformed American policy, with the aid of his top advisor Henry Kissinger. First of all he rejected the long-standing containment policy that made it the highest goal to stop the expansion of communism. By playing off the two main communist rivals, China and the USSR, he managed to put a pause on the Cold War through friendly relationships with each of them, or Détente. Moscow and Beijing went along, and accepted Nixon's terms of pulling their support away from Vietnam. This allowed Nixon to turn that war over"
"Ford ordered Martin to evacuate only Americans from that point forward. Reluctantly, Martin announced that only Americans were to be flown out, due to worries that the North Vietnamese would soon take the city and the Ford administration's desire to announce the completion of the American evacuation. Ambassador Martin was ordered by President Ford to board the evacuation helicopter. The call sign of that helicopter was ""Lady Ace 09"", and the pilot carried direct orders from President Ford for Ambassador Martin to be on board. The pilot, Gerry Berry, had the orders written in grease-pencil on his kneepads. Ambassador Martin's"
"its negotiators in Paris not to make any further concessions to the United States. Kissinger announced that the United States was prepared to provide $7.5 billion in aid to Vietnam, of which $2.5 billion could go to North Vietnam, and to withdraw all American forces within nine months. General Duong Van Minh (""Big Minh"") submitted evidence to the American Embassy in Saigon that President Thieu was rigging the Presidential election scheduled for October. The American Embassy in Saigon informed Washington that if President Thieu persisted in his efforts to make the upcoming Presidential election a charade, it might cause ""growing"
"the sentiment that the development of new journalistic media such as television supplanted governmental authority in attaining the support of the American public during the Vietnam War has been accepted and upheld by many scholars through present day. On 3 November 1969, President Richard M. Nixon made a televised speech laying out his policy toward Vietnam. He promised to continue to support the South Vietnamese government (through Vietnamization) and held out a plan for the withdrawal of American combat troops. This ""silent majority"" speech, not the Tet Offensive, marked the real watershed of the American involvement. In it, Nixon permanently"
"from the common NATO military command in February 1966 and ordered all American military forces to leave France, President Johnson asked Rusk to seek further clarification from President de Gaulle by asking whether the bodies of buried American soldiers must leave France as well. Rusk recorded in his autobiography that de Gaulle did not respond when asked, ""Does your order include the bodies of American soldiers in France's cemeteries?"" On April 18, 1967, during a speech in Washington in regards to ending the conflict in South Vietnam, Rusk said the United States was prepared to ""take steps to deescalate the"
"""We must"", he said, ""stop playing cops and robbers."" President Kennedy had a televised interview with journalist Walter Cronkite. The President said that, while the U.S. could help, it was the Vietnamese who had to win the war. He added, ""I don't agree with those who say we should withdraw. That would be a great mistake."" The Battle of Go Cong was a small battle during the Vietnam War after the General Staff of the National Liberation Front called for ""another Ap Bac"" on South Vietnamese forces. The Joint Chiefs of Staff endorsed a modified version of OPLAN 34-63. Marine"
"the two monks who had taken refuge in the USAID building, and ordered that vegetarian food be made available for them. The meeting was a means of showing where American government policy stood on the attacks against the Buddhists. At 06:00 on 21 August 1963, President Diệm broadcast a statement on Radio Saigon in which he said: ""under Article 44 of the constitution, I declare a state of siege throughout the national territory. I confer upon the Army of the Republic of Vietnam the responsibility to restore security and public order so that the state may be protected, Communism defeated,"