"Comet Encke Comet Encke or Encke's Comet (official designation: 2P/Encke) is a periodic comet that completes an orbit of the Sun once every 3.3 years. (This is the shortest period of a reasonably bright comet; the faint main-belt comet 311P/PANSTARRS has a period of 3.2 years.) Encke was first recorded by Pierre Méchain in 1786, but it was not recognized as a periodic comet until 1819 when its orbit was computed by Johann Franz Encke; like Halley's Comet, it is unusual in being named after the calculator of its orbit rather than its discoverer. Like most comets, it has a"
"parabolic orbit was computed, which gave a perihelion date of 23 March 1975 and proved that all three sightings were of the same object, which was accordingly designated 76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura. Further calculations by Brian G. Marsden determined the comet's elliptical orbit and revealed that it had passed only 0.012 AU from Jupiter on 22 March 1972. This close approach had reduced its orbital frequency from some 30 years to the current 6.48 years and its perihelion distance from 4.78 AU to 1.60 AU. The comet has been observed at its successive returns in 1987, 1993, 2000, 2006 and 2013. 76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura 76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura"
"76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura 76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura is a Jupiter-family periodic comet in the Solar System with a current orbital period of 6.48 years. The comet was initially spotted on a photographic plate by Richard M. West at the European Southern Observatory Sky Atlas Laboratory, Geneva in January 1975, when it had a brightness of magnitude 12. Inability to predict its movement from a single image meant the comet had to be presumed lost. In late February it was accidentally rediscovered by Lubos Kohoutek at the Hamburg Observatory, Germany and independently on 1 March by Toshihiko Ikemura in Shinshiro, Japan. After further observations the comets"
"to the Earth. After the comet's 1992 return, when only the two previous returns in 1862 and 1737 have been identified, orbital calculations showed that the comet would pass very close to Earth during its next return in 2126, with an impact within the range of uncertainty. By 1993, even earlier returns (back to at least 188 AD) have been identified, and the new orbital calculation eliminated the impact risk, predicting the comet to pass Earth in 2126 at a distance of 24 million kilometers. In 3044, the comet is expected to pass Earth at less than 1.6 million kilometers."
"66P/du Toit 66P/du Toit is a periodic comet in the Solar System with a current orbital period of 14.78 years. It will next come to perihelion on 2018 May 19 at roughly apparent magnitude 12. It was discovered by Daniel du Toit at the Boyden Observatory, South Africa on 16 May 1944, who estimated its brightness at magnitude 10. Other observers estimated magnitude 11 and 12.5. Its next return date was calculated to have a perihelion date of 10 April 1959 but it was not discovered. The 1974 return was found almost accidentally with a perihelion date of 1 April"
"96P/Machholz Comet 96P/Machholz or 96P/Machholz 1 is a short-period sungrazing comet discovered on May 12, 1986, by amateur astronomer Donald Machholz on Loma Prieta peak, in central California using binoculars. On June 6, 1986, 96P/Machholz passed from the Earth. 96P/Machholz last came to perihelion on October 27, 2017, and will next come to perihelion on January 31, 2023. The comet has an estimated diameter of around . 96P/Machholz is unusual among comets in several respects. Its highly eccentric 5.29 year orbit has the smallest perihelion distance known among numbered/regular short-period comets, bringing it considerably closer to the Sun than the"
"Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock (formal designation C/1983 H1, formerly 1983 VII) is a long-period comet that, in 1983, made the closest approach to Earth, about , of any comet in 200 years; only Lexell's Comet, in 1770, and 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, in 1366, are thought to have come closer. (The small comet P/1999 J6 (SOHO) passed about from Earth on 1999-Jun-12. and a small fragment of 252P/LINEAR called P/2016 BA14 passed at a distance of on 22 March 2016) The comet was named after its discoverers – the Infrared Astronomical Satellite and two amateur astronomers, George Alcock of the United Kingdom and"
"with their shared aphelion close to Neptune 991 CE. 122P/de Vico 122P/de Vico (provisional designation: 1846 D1) is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 74 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). It was discovered by Francesco de Vico in Rome on February 20, 1846. On 3 December 2153 the comet will pass about from Uranus. Daniel Kirkwood in 1884 noticed that the comet shares elements with comet 12P/Pons-Brooks. He suggested that 122P had calved off Pons-Brooks some centuries prior. Later he identified the two comets' capture"
"75D/Kohoutek 75D/Kohoutek is a short-period comet discovered in February 1975, by Luboš Kohoutek. Not to be confused with the much better-known C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek), 75D is a repeat visitor to the inner Solar System, with a period of about seven years. It was placed on the discovery orbit when it passed from Jupiter on 28 July 1972. Apparitions have been dim, with the brightest being in 1988 at about apparent magnitude 13. It was last predicted in 2014, but was not seen, nor was it seen in its previous approaches in 2007, in 2000, or in 1994. The comet has"
"that the comet of 1366 was Tempel–Tuttle, which was confirmed by Joachim Schubart in 1965. On 26 October 1366, the comet passed from Earth. The orbit of 55P/Tempel–Tuttle intersects that of Earth nearly exactly, hence streams of material ejected from the comet during perihelion passes do not have to spread out over time to encounter Earth. The comet currently has an Earth-MOID of . This coincidence means that streams from the comet at perihelion are still dense when they encounter Earth, resulting in the 33-year cycle of Leonid meteor storms. For example, in November 2009, the Earth passed through meteors"
"88P/Howell 88P/Howell is a periodic comet in the solar system. It was discovered on 29 August 1981. In 1975 the comet's perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.9 AU, But a close approach to Jupiter in 1978 perturbed the perihelion distance closer to the Sun. It last came to perihelion on 6 April 2015; the next occurrence will be in 2020. In 14 September 2031 the comet will pass from Mars. In response to New Frontiers program call for Mission 4, a team from Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL) submitted a mission concept proposal called Comet Rendezvous,"
"quasi-Hilda comet, which means it is near a 3:2 mean-motion resonance with the planet Jupiter. It fits the definition of an Encke-type comet with (T > 3; a < a). It has an estimated diameter of 1.46 km. On 15 August 1970 the comet passed from Jupiter. 82P/Gehrels 82P/Gehrels is a periodic comet that was discovered on October 27, 1975, by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Mountain Observatory in California having a faint nuclear brightness of magnitude 17. Calculations based on the early sightings gave an estimated perihelion of 23 April 1975 and an orbital period of 8.11 years. It"
"86P/Wild 86P/Wild (pronounced ""86P/Vilt"") is a periodic comet in the Solar System with a current orbital period of 6.84 years. It was discovered on photographic plates exposed on 11/12 April 1980 by Paul Wild of the Astronomical Institute of University of Bern, Switzerland at the nearby Zimmerwald Observatory. He reported the brightness at a magnitude of 15.5 and that the comet was diffuse. He rediscovered it on 7 May 1980 and calculations by Brian G. Marsden estimated that perihelion would take place on 6 October 1980. Syuichi Nakano calculated the next perihelion would be 31 August 1987 and the comet"
"was duly observed by Tom Gehrels and J. V. Scotti on the Spacewatch telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory, Arizona, USA. Perihelion was 1 September. The same team re-observed it in 1994 with a faint brightness of magnitude 21. It has since been observed in 2001, 2008 and 2015. List of numbered comets 86P/Wild 86P/Wild (pronounced ""86P/Vilt"") is a periodic comet in the Solar System with a current orbital period of 6.84 years. It was discovered on photographic plates exposed on 11/12 April 1980 by Paul Wild of the Astronomical Institute of University of Bern, Switzerland at the nearby Zimmerwald Observatory."
"examined for a comet sample return mission study. In the 2010s a comet surface sample return mission was selected as the New Frontiers Program finalist, but the recently studied comet 67P was chosen as the selected target. 6P/d'Arrest 6P/d'Arrest (also known as d'Arrest's Comet or Comet d'Arrest) is a periodic Jupiter-family comet in the Solar System, orbiting between Mars and Jupiter. It passed from the Earth on August 12, 1976. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on March 2, 2015, but it was in an unfavorable apparition as it had a solar elongation of less"
"122P/de Vico 122P/de Vico (provisional designation: 1846 D1) is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 74 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). It was discovered by Francesco de Vico in Rome on February 20, 1846. On 3 December 2153 the comet will pass about from Uranus. Daniel Kirkwood in 1884 noticed that the comet shares elements with comet 12P/Pons-Brooks. He suggested that 122P had calved off Pons-Brooks some centuries prior. Later he identified the two comets' capture into their elliptical orbits (or their parent body's capture)"
"27P/Crommelin Comet Crommelin, also known as Comet Pons-Coggia-Winnecke-Forbes, is a periodic comet with an orbital period of almost 28 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). It is named after the British astronomer Andrew C. D. Crommelin who calculated its orbit in 1930. It is one of only four comets not named after their discoverer(s), the other three being Comets Halley, Encke, and Lexell. The first observation was by Jean-Louis Pons (Marseille, France) on February 23, 1818, he followed the comet until February 27 but was prevented further by"
"6P/d'Arrest 6P/d'Arrest (also known as d'Arrest's Comet or Comet d'Arrest) is a periodic Jupiter-family comet in the Solar System, orbiting between Mars and Jupiter. It passed from the Earth on August 12, 1976. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on March 2, 2015, but it was in an unfavorable apparition as it had a solar elongation of less than 30 degrees from October 2014 until May 2015. In 1991, Andrea Carusi and Giovanni B. Valsecchi (Istituto Astrofisica Spaziale, Rome), and Ľubor Kresák and Margita Kresáková (Slovak Astronomical Institute, Bratislava) independently suggested this comet was the"
"fact, it entered this resonance only about 1000 years ago, and will probably exit the resonance in several thousand years. The comet is on an orbit that makes repeated close approaches to the Earth-Moon system, and has an Earth-MOID (Minimum orbit intersection distance) of . Upon its 1992 rediscovery, the comet's date of perihelion passage was off from the then-current prediction by 17 days. It was then noticed that if its next perihelion passage (July 11, 2126) was also off by another 15 days (July 26), the comet would pass perilously close to Earth or the Moon on August 14,"
"object will make close approaches to the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. If this object did not have a coma and (for some definitions) had a perihelion beyond Jupiter's (5 AU), it would be considered a centaur. 38P/Stephan–Oterma 38P/Stephan–Oterma (also known as Comet Stephan–Oterma) is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 38 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). It was discovered in January 1867, by Jérôme Eugène Coggia at Marseilles Observatory, France. 38P/Stephan–Oterma last came to perihelion on November 10, 2018. It was recovered by"
"Earth. This comet only can be seen from Earth every 76 years, and could be seen in 1986, named after the astronomer Edmond Halley. It was succeeded as Turkish representative at the 1987 contest by Seyyal Taner & Grup Lokomotif with ""Şarkım Sevgi Üstüne"". This article was based on information from: Diggiloo net Halley (song) ""Halley"" was the Turkish entrant to the Eurovision Song Contest 1986 in Bergen, Norway. It was sung by Klips ve Onlar in Turkish. On the night of the final, the song performed in the eighth position (following Netherlands's Frizzle Sizzle singing ""Alles heeft ritme"" and"
"the University of Arizona successfully relocated the comet with the 154-cm reflector at Catalina. It was also observed in 1978, 1985, 1991-1992, and 1998-1999. The comet peaked at about apparent magnitude 16.3 in 2012. On 29 December 2077 the comet will pass from Mars. 60P/Tsuchinshan 60P/Tsuchinshan, also known as Tsuchinshan 2, is a periodic comet in the solar system with an orbital period of 6.79 years. Tsuchinshan is the Wade-Giles transliteration corresponding to the pinyin ""Zĭjīn Shān"", which is Mandarin Chinese for ""Purple Mountain"". It was discovered at the Purple Mountain Observatory, Nanking, China on 11 January 1965 with a"
"perturbed. By the year 2200, the comet will have a centaur-like orbit with a perihelion (closest distance to the Sun) near Jupiter. This outward migration from a perihelion of 2AU to a perihelion of ~5AU could cause the comet to go dormant. 78P/Gehrels 78P/Gehrels, also known as Gehrels 2, is a Jupiter-family periodic comet in the Solar System with a current orbital period of 7.22 years. It was discovered by Tom Gehrels at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Arizona, USA on photographic plates exposed between 29 September and 5 October 1973 at the Palomar Observatory. It had a brightness of"
"been its first passage through the inner Solar System. The comet's current orbit is almost perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, so further close approaches to planets will be rare. However, in April 1996 the comet passed within 0.77 AU of Jupiter, close enough for its orbit to be measurably affected by the planet's gravity. The comet's orbit was shortened considerably to a period of roughly 2,533 years, and it will next return to the inner Solar System around the year 4385. Its greatest distance from the Sun (aphelion) will be about 370 AU, reduced from about 525 AU."
"Comet Hyakutake Comet Hyakutake (, formally designated C/1996 B2) is a comet, discovered on 31 January 1996, that passed very close to Earth in March of that year. It was dubbed The Great Comet of 1996; its passage near the Earth was one of the closest cometary approaches of the previous 200 years. Hyakutake appeared very bright in the night sky and was widely seen around the world. The comet temporarily upstaged the much anticipated Comet Hale–Bopp, which was approaching the inner Solar System at the time. Scientific observations of the comet led to several discoveries. Most surprising to cometary"
"Its next perihelion will be on 18 July 2018. 56P/Slaughter–Burnham 56P/Slaughter–Burnham is a periodic comet in the Solar system with a period of 11.54 years. It was discovered in 1959 by Charles D. Slaughter and Robert Burnham of the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona during a photographic survey. They spotted the comet, with a faint brightness of magnitude 16, on a plate exposed on 10 December 1958. By monitoring its movement over a series of consecutive days, Elizabeth Roemer was able to calculate its orbit, suggesting a perihelion date of 4 August 1958 and an orbital period of 11.18 years. It"
"81P/Wild Comet 81P/Wild, also known as Wild 2 (pronounced ""vilt two"") ( ), is a comet named after Swiss astronomer Paul Wild, who discovered it on January 6, 1978, using a 40-cm Schmidt telescope at Zimmerwald, Switzerland. For most of its 4.5 billion-year lifetime, Wild 2 probably had a more distant and circular orbit. In September 1974, it passed within one million kilometers of the planet Jupiter, the strong gravitational pull of which perturbed the comet's orbit and brought it into the inner Solar System. Its orbital period changed from 43 years to about 6 years, and its perihelion is"
"81P/Wild Comet 81P/Wild, also known as Wild 2 (pronounced ""vilt two"") ( ), is a comet named after Swiss astronomer Paul Wild, who discovered it on January 6, 1978, using a 40-cm Schmidt telescope at Zimmerwald, Switzerland. For most of its 4.5 billion-year lifetime, Wild 2 probably had a more distant and circular orbit. In September 1974, it passed within one million kilometers of the planet Jupiter, the strong gravitational pull of which perturbed the comet's orbit and brought it into the inner Solar System. Its orbital period changed from 43 years to about 6 years, and its perihelion is"
"Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return (CORSAIR) that would perform a sample return from comet 88P/Howell. 88P/Howell 88P/Howell is a periodic comet in the solar system. It was discovered on 29 August 1981. In 1975 the comet's perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.9 AU, But a close approach to Jupiter in 1978 perturbed the perihelion distance closer to the Sun. It last came to perihelion on 6 April 2015; the next occurrence will be in 2020. In 14 September 2031 the comet will pass from Mars. In response to New Frontiers program call for Mission 4, a team from"
"refers to this comet, which at the time was undergoing a moderately close (0.73 AU) approach to Jupiter. 32P/Comas Solà 32P/Comas Solà is a periodic comet with a current orbital period of 8.8 years. The comet nucleus is estimated to be 8.4 kilometers in diameter. ""32P/Comas Solà"" was discovered November 5, 1926, by Josep Comas Solà. As part of his work on asteroids for the Fabra Observatory (Barcelona), he was taking photographs with a telescope. The comet's past orbital evolution became a point of interest as several astronomers suggested early on that the comet might be a return of the"
"brightness in 1952 indicated a problem that led to it vanishing. In 1984, Elizabeth Roemer (Steward Observatory, Arizona, USA) found an image on photographs from 1976. The approach later that year, observed by James B. Gibson (Palomar Observatory, California, USA) and orbital calculations by Brian G. Marsden, confirmed the 1976 image was Comet Schaumasse. The comet has not been observed since 2001. The comet was not observed during the 2009 unfavorable apparition since the perihelion passage occurred when the comet was on the far side of the Sun. It will pass about from the Earth in January 2026. It passed"
"coincided with the annual Perseids meteor shower. Even migrating birds cannot be ruled out. Chinese historiography records its first comet around 1500 BCE, although long after the fact; traditionally, this ""broom-star"" heralded the sweeping-away of the tyrannical Xia dynasty (and its replacement with the Shang). 12P/Pons–Brooks 12P/Pons–Brooks is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 71 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). Its next closest approach to Earth is in 2024. As of December 2015 12P/Pons–Brooks has not been identified with any meteor-shower streams. A comet was"
"comet visited by spacecraft, and the second comet visited by the Deep Impact spacecraft, which first visited comet Tempel 1 on 4 July 2005. Comet Hartley 2 is a small Jupiter-family comet having an orbital period of 6.46 years. It was discovered by Malcolm Hartley in 1986 at the Schmidt Telescope Unit, Siding Spring Observatory, Australia. It has the perihelion near the Earth's orbit at 1.05 AU from the Sun. The comet passed within of Earth on 20 October 2010, only eight days before coming to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on 28 October 2010. From northern latitudes, during"