"New York, at the time, adhered to property law doctrine of ""caveat emptor"". The appellate court reversed the trial court's decision regarding the rescission action, however, as it went on to note that ""haunting"" was not a condition that a buyer or potential buyer of real property can and should be able to ascertain upon reasonable inspection of the property. According to the court, though the doctrine of ""caveat emptor"" would normally operate to bar a rescission action, causing seller to have no duty to disclose information about the property to be sold (but also preventing the seller from affirmatively"
"medieval Latin, and can be translated as ""because the buyers"". By effectively ending the practice of subinfeudation, ""Quia Emptores"" hastened the end of feudalism in England, which had already been on the decline for quite some time. Direct feudal obligations were increasingly being replaced by cash rents and outright sales of land which gave rise to the practice of ""livery and maintenance"" or bastard feudalism, the retention and control by the nobility of land, money, soldiers and servants via direct salaries, land sales and rent payments. This would later develop into one of the underlying causes of the Wars of"
"in English is a borrowing of a Latin noun ""vātēs"" (), 'prophet, poet'. This Latin noun was either a cognate of Celtic *""wātis"" (whereby the two words were descended from a common Italo-Celtic origin), or the Latin word was a loanword directly from Celtic. Despite being borrowed from the Latin form, the English word is generally used about ancient Celtic seers rather than Roman ones. ""Ovate"" in English is a borrowing and adaptation of a Greek rendering of the same Celtic term *""wātis"", first attested in the work of the Ancient Greek writer Strabo. Strabo rendered the Celtic term in"
"Comprador A comprador or compradore () is a ""person who acts as an agent for foreign organizations engaged in investment, trade, or economic or political exploitation"". A comprador is a native manager of European business houses in East and South East Asia, and, by extension, social groups that play broadly similar roles in other parts of the world. The term ""comprador"", a Portuguese word that means ""buyer"", derives from the Latin ""comparare"", which means ""to procure"". The original usage of the word in East Asia meant a native servant in European households in Guangzhou in southern China or the neighboring"
"to the labeling of certain persons associated with the industry as 'dot.compradors'. Comprador A comprador or compradore () is a ""person who acts as an agent for foreign organizations engaged in investment, trade, or economic or political exploitation"". A comprador is a native manager of European business houses in East and South East Asia, and, by extension, social groups that play broadly similar roles in other parts of the world. The term ""comprador"", a Portuguese word that means ""buyer"", derives from the Latin ""comparare"", which means ""to procure"". The original usage of the word in East Asia meant a native"
"Latin ""caupo, caupon-"" ""petty tradesman, huckster,"" of unknown ulterior etymology. From the German the word was borrowed into the Slavic languages (Old Slavic koupiti, modern Russian купить, etc.), the Baltic languages (Old Prussian ""kaupiskan"" “trade, commerce,” Lithuanian ""kὑpczus"" “merchant”) and Finnish ""kaupata"" “to sell cheaply.” In the Romance languages, however, the word has not survived. People with the surname or nickname Chapman include: Chapman (surname) Chapman is an English surname derived from the Old English occupational name ""céapmann"" “marketman, monger, merchant”, from the verb ""céapan, cypan"" “to buy or sell” and the noun form ""ceap"" ""barter, business; a purchase."" Alternate"
"Quia Emptores Quia Emptores is a statute passed in the reign of Edward I of England in 1290 that prevented tenants from alienating their lands to others by subinfeudation, instead requiring all tenants who wished to alienate their land to do so by substitution. The statute, along with its companion statute of ""Quo Warranto"" (1290), was intended to remedy land ownership disputes and consequent financial difficulties that had resulted from the decline of the traditional feudal system during the High Middle Ages. The statute takes its name ""Quia Emptores"" from the first two words of the statute in its original"
"Quid pro quo Quid pro quo (""something for something"" in Latin) is a Latin phrase used in English to mean an exchange of goods or services, in which one transfer is contingent upon the other; ""a favour for a favour"". Phrases with similar meanings include: ""give and take"", ""tit for tat"", and ""you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours"" and ""one hand washes the other"". In common law, ""quid pro quo"" indicates that an item or a service has been traded in return for something of value, usually when the propriety or equity of the transaction is in question."
"words. ""Laidlaw"" has been recognized by U.S. legal scholars as a central case in the history of U.S. contract law. It was the first case in which the Supreme Court adopted the rule of ""caveat emptor"" and ""was one of the first cases to come before the [Supreme] Court involving a contract for future delivery of a commodity."" This is also the first case that starts to articulate a doctrine of forbidding active concealment. ""Laidlaw"" has been cited by 110 different cases, and maintains great importance in U.S. legal scholarship and education (including law school Contracts courses). It has also"
"last two are directly related to ""Quia Emptores"". Other changes came after the Statute of Uses, 1535 and the Statute of Frauds. Quia Emptores Quia Emptores is a statute passed in the reign of Edward I of England in 1290 that prevented tenants from alienating their lands to others by subinfeudation, instead requiring all tenants who wished to alienate their land to do so by substitution. The statute, along with its companion statute of ""Quo Warranto"" (1290), was intended to remedy land ownership disputes and consequent financial difficulties that had resulted from the decline of the traditional feudal system during"
"Catamite In ancient Greece and Rome, a catamite (Latin ""catamitus"") was a pubescent boy who was the intimate companion of a young man, usually in a pederastic relationship – in the broadest sense. It was usually a term of affection and literally means ""Ganymede"" in Latin, and was also used as a term of insult when directed toward a grown man. The word derives from the proper noun ""Catamitus"", the Latinized form of ""Ganymede"", the name of the beautiful Trojan youth abducted by Zeus to be his companion and cupbearer, according to Greek mythology. The Etruscan form of the name"
"Caput Caput, a Latin word meaning literally ""head"" and by metonymy ""top"", has been borrowed in a variety of English words, including capital, captain, and decapitate. The surname Caputo, common in the Campania region of Italy, comes from the appellation used by some Roman military generals. A variant form has surfaced more recently in the title ""Capo"" (or ""Caporegime""), the head of ""La Cosa Nostra"". The French language converted 'caput' into ""chief"", ""chef"", and ""chapitre"", later borrowed in English as ""chapter"". The central settlement in an Anglo-Saxon multiple estate was called a ""caput"", (short for ""caput baroniae"", see below). The"
"misconduct) and a male agent (the ""stuprator""). The English word ""rape"" derives ultimately from the Latin verb ""rapio, rapere, raptus"", ""to snatch, carry away, abduct"" (the words ""rapt"", ""rapture"", and ""raptor"" still have the same meaning). In Roman law, ""raptus"" or ""raptio"" meant primarily kidnapping or abduction; the mythological ""rape"" of the Sabine women is a form of bride abduction in which sexual violation is a secondary issue. (Before the word ""rape"" acquired its modern strictly sexual meaning, the verb meant simply to seize something or someone by force; this usage persisted at least into the early 19th century.) The"
"Captatio benevolentiae Captatio benevolentiae (Latin for ""winning of goodwill"") is a rhetorical technique aimed to capture the goodwill of the audience at the beginning of a speech or appeal. It was practiced by Roman orators, with Cicero considering it one of the pillars of oratory. During the Middle Ages it was used in court cases to gain the judge's favor, with lavish praise of the judge's wisdom considered most effective by Guillaume Durand. In parallel, the techniques of the captatio benevolentiae began to be used in the prologues of chivalric romance novels, addressing the readers and trying to have them"
"no tangible employment action involved. Explaining the Three Factors: Quid pro quo Quid pro quo (""something for something"" in Latin) is a Latin phrase used in English to mean an exchange of goods or services, in which one transfer is contingent upon the other; ""a favour for a favour"". Phrases with similar meanings include: ""give and take"", ""tit for tat"", and ""you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours"" and ""one hand washes the other"". In common law, ""quid pro quo"" indicates that an item or a service has been traded in return for something of value, usually when the"
"it may also mean ""cupidity"", or ""strong desire"". The Latin phrase is itself a translation from Greek, where the original word ""philarguria"" can only mean ""love of money"". In the medieval poet Geoffrey Chaucer's Pardoner's Tale in ""The Canterbury Tales"", this lesson was illustrated. The Modern English word ""cupidity"" is described by OED as etymologically cognate with Latin ""cupidus"", grammatically feminine, Eagerly Desirous. There can be no ambiguity nor misunderstanding of the force of the word as used by Catullus: ""Sed mulier cupido quod dicit amanti"" ""In vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua"" The OED definition of ""cupidity"" is ""Ardent"
"Vicarius Vicarius is a Latin word, meaning ""substitute"" or ""deputy"". It is the root of the English word ""vicar"". Originally, in ancient Rome, this office was equivalent to the later English ""vice-"" (as in ""deputy""), used as part of the title of various officials. Each ""vicarius"" was assigned to a specific superior official, after whom his full title was generally completed by a genitive (e.g. ""vicarius praetoris""). At a low level of society, the slave of a slave, possibly hired out to raise money to buy manumission, was a ""servus vicarius"". Later, in the 290s, the Emperor Diocletian carried out"
"view the work favourably. Captatio benevolentiae Captatio benevolentiae (Latin for ""winning of goodwill"") is a rhetorical technique aimed to capture the goodwill of the audience at the beginning of a speech or appeal. It was practiced by Roman orators, with Cicero considering it one of the pillars of oratory. During the Middle Ages it was used in court cases to gain the judge's favor, with lavish praise of the judge's wisdom considered most effective by Guillaume Durand. In parallel, the techniques of the captatio benevolentiae began to be used in the prologues of chivalric romance novels, addressing the readers and"
"use since the 14th century in the general sense of ""seize prey, take by force"", from ""raper"", an Old French legal term for ""to seize"", in turn from Latin ""rapere"" ""seize, carry off by force, abduct"". The Latin term was also used for sexual violation, but not always. It is contested that the legendary event known as ""The Rape of the Sabine Women"", while ultimately motivated sexually, did not entail sexual violation of the Sabine women on the spot, who were instead abducted, and then implored by the Romans to marry them (as opposed to striking a deal with their"
"Advocatus During the Middle Ages, the Latin word advocatus (in English, advocate; in French ""avoué""; in German, ""Vogt"") was a general term for any person called (""ad vocatus"") to defend another, such as a lawyer or an ""advocatus ecclesiae"", usually a lay lord charged with the protecting a particular church. The ""advocatus"" as an officer of a court of law first appears in the 12th and 13th centuries, concomitant with the rediscovery of Roman law. The term ""advocatus ecclesiae"", literally ""advocate of the church"", is the Latin title of certain persons whose duty it was, under given conditions, to represent"
"and the discovery of the New World, goods were imported from very long distances: calico cloth from India, porcelain, silk and tea from China, spices from India and South-East Asia and tobacco, sugar, rum and coffee from the New World. By the eighteenth century, a new type of manufacturer-merchant was emerging and modern business practices were becoming evident. The English term, ""merchant"" comes from the Middle English, ""marchant"", which itself originated from the Vulgar Latin ""mercatant"" or ""mercatans"", formed from present participle of mercatare meaning to trade, to traffic or to deal in. The term is used to refer to"
"Raptio Raptio (in archaic or literary English rendered as rape) is a Latin term for the large-scale abduction of women, i.e. kidnapping for marriage or enslavement (particularly sexual slavery). The equivalent term Frauenraub, originally from German, is used in English in the field of art history. Bride kidnapping is distinguished from ""raptio"" in that the former is the abduction of one woman by one man (and his friends and relatives), whereas the latter is the abduction of women by groups of men, possibly in a time of war. The English word ""rape"" retains the Latin meaning in literary language, but"
"the likeness between the fruit and the body part. The modern English name comes from an English rendering of the Spanish ""aguacate"" as ""avogato"". The earliest known written use in English is attested from 1697 as ""avogato pear"", a term which was later corrupted as ""alligator pear"". Because the word ""avogato"" sounded like ""advocate"", several languages reinterpreted it to have that meaning. French uses ""avocat"", which also means ""lawyer"", and ""advocate""-forms of the word appear in several Germanic languages, such as the (now obsolete) German ""Advogato-Birne"", the old Danish ""advokat-pære"" (today it is called ""avocado"") and the Dutch ""advocaatpeer"". In"
"Quantum valebant Quantum valebant is a Latin phrase meaning ""as much as they were worth."" It is a common count at law very similar to ""quantum meruit"". The two legal actions differ only in that ""quantum meruit"" is used to recover the reasonable value of ""services"" rendered, while ""quantum valebant"" is used to recover the reasonable value of ""goods"" sold and delivered. This count is considered a type of assumpsit. The Supreme Court of California has held: Although such an action is one at law, it is governed by principles of equity. It may be brought 'wherever one person has"
"Chapman (occupation) A chapman (plural ""chapmen"") was an itinerant dealer or hawker in early modern Britain. Old English ""céapmann"" was the regular term for ""dealer, seller"", cognate with the Dutch ""koopman"" with the same meaning. Old English ""céap"" meant ""deal, barter, business"". The modern adjective ""cheap"" is a comparatively recent development from the phrase ""a good cheap"", literally ""a good deal"" (cf. modern Dutch ""goedkoop"" = cheap). The word also appears in names such as Cheapside, Eastcheap and Chepstow: all markets or dealing places. The name of the Danish capital Copenhagen has a similar origin, being derived from ""Køpmannæhafn"", meaning"
"the bourgeoisie; i.e. amongst Patricians and in city guilds. Most of the proven beaker-owners were craftsmen and guilds. Only a few exemplars have been found in baronial ownership. The term ""Roman Empire"" was frequently used in connection with the Imperial Eagle beaker. In Richard Braithwaite's (1588-1673) work ""Disputatio inauguralis theoretico-practica jus potandi"", written in 1616 under the pseudonym ""Blasius Multibibus“ and published anonymously in the same year in the German translation with the title ""Ius Potandi"" (or ""Drinking laws""), we can read that, to ward off melancholy: ""one must invite merry men / and good friends round / to wipe"
"Calor licitantis Calor licitantis is a Latin phrase, the literal translation of which is, ""heat of soliciting."" The functional use of the phrase in both modern times and antiquity is ""bidder's heat"". This is also known as ""auction fever"". The phenomenon of calor licitantis is believed to be as old as auctions themselves. This term was first used in the court system of Rome to describe the irrational behavior of bidders at auctions. The use of the phrase seemed to describe both the mental state of the bidder and the result of that state; specifically, that through the bidding process"
"cautionem is qui licitatione vicerit oﬀerre paratus sit."" Translated: “A tax lease that has been inflated beyond the usual sum due to bidding fever shall only be admitted if the winner of the auction is able to provide reliable bondsmen and securities.” Certain contemporary consumer psychologists attribute bidding-fever to the pleasure derived from winning an auction, as opposed any particular desire to own the object being sold at auction. The irrational behavior focused on the success of acquiring an object is sometimes referred to be the related terms ""loser's curse"" and ""winner's curse"". Calor licitantis Calor licitantis is a Latin"
"Greek ""téo"" (Homeric), Avestan ""čahmāi"" (dative singular; ""ča"" < PIE ""*), etc. ""*"": Latin ""quod"", Old Latin ""quoius"" > Latin ""cuius"" (genitive singular), Old English ""hwæt"" > English ""what"", etc. This word belongs to the ""r"" / ""n"" stems, a small group of neuter nouns, from an archaic stratum of Indo-European, that alternate ""-er"" (or ""-or"") in the nominative and accusative with ""-en"" in the other cases. Some languages have leveled the paradigm to one or the other, e.g. English to the ""r"", Old Norse to the ""n"" form. Some researchers have interpreted Proto-Uralic ""*wete"" as a borrowing from Indo-European"
"it. The ancient term used in place of ""achievement"" was ""hatchment"", being a corruption (through such historic forms as ""atcheament, achement, hathement"", etc.) of the French ""achèvement"", from the verb ""achever"", a contraction of ""à chef venir"" (""to come to a head""), ultimately from Latin ""ad caput venire"", ""to come to a head"", thus to reach a conclusion, accomplish, achieve. The word ""hatchment"" in its historical usage is thus identical in meaning and origin to the English heraldic term ""achievement"". However, in recent years the word ""hatchment"" has come to be used almost exclusively to denote ""funerary hatchment"", whilst ""achievement"""
"undertakings"", just before slaying an enemy warrior, Numanus. Annuit cœptis Annuit cœptis (; in Classical Latin: ) is one of two mottos on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States. (The second motto is ""Novus ordo seclorum""; another motto appears on the obverse (front) side of the Great Seal: ""E pluribus unum"".) Taken from the Latin words ""annuo"" (third-person singular present or perfect ""annuit""), ""to nod"" or ""to approve"", and ""coeptum"" (plural ""coepta""), ""commencement, undertaking"", it is literally translated, favors our undertakings"" or has favored our undertakings"" (""annuit"" could be in either the present or perfect"
"Vi coactus Vi Coactus (V.C.) is a Latin term meaning ""having been forced"" or ""having been compelled"". In Latin, ""cōgō"" means ""to compel"" or ""to force"". The passive participle of ""cōgō"" is ""coāctus"", meaning ""having been forced"" or ""having been compelled"". ""Vi Coactus"" or ""V.C."" is used with a signature to indicate that the signer was under duress. The signer uses such marking at the start of their signature to signal that the agreement was made under duress, and that it is their belief that it invalidates their signature. Cornelis de Witt, a Dutch 17th century statesman, was forced to"
"also a common personal name of the class derived from trades. An instance of the use of the term is found in the opening lines of the poem ""Tam o' Shanter"" by Robert Burns: Chapman (occupation) A chapman (plural ""chapmen"") was an itinerant dealer or hawker in early modern Britain. Old English ""céapmann"" was the regular term for ""dealer, seller"", cognate with the Dutch ""koopman"" with the same meaning. Old English ""céap"" meant ""deal, barter, business"". The modern adjective ""cheap"" is a comparatively recent development from the phrase ""a good cheap"", literally ""a good deal"" (cf. modern Dutch ""goedkoop"" ="