"Pilot Polder Andijk </div> The pilot Polder Andijk, or Test Polder Andijk, ""Proefpolder Andijk"" in Dutch, is a polder established in 1926 - 1927 in the Zuiderzee near the village of Andijk. The aim of this prototype is to study the embankments and agriculture for future polders in the Zuiderzee Works. In 1929, the pilot polder was inaugurated by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. In 1924 the Lovink Committee published a proposal to build a pilot polder. This polder could, on a small scale experiment future agriculture. The knowledge would then be used for the Wieringermeer. For this reason, in"
"March 27, 2017. Plover Plovers ( or ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called ""plover"" or ""dotterel"". The closely related lapwing subfamily, Vanellinae, comprises another 20-odd species. Plovers are found throughout the world, with the exception of the Sahara and the polar regions, and are characterised by relatively short bills. They hunt by sight, rather than by feel as longer-billed waders like snipes do. They feed mainly on insects, worms or other invertebrates, depending on habitat, which are obtained by a"
"Plover Plovers ( or ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called ""plover"" or ""dotterel"". The closely related lapwing subfamily, Vanellinae, comprises another 20-odd species. Plovers are found throughout the world, with the exception of the Sahara and the polar regions, and are characterised by relatively short bills. They hunt by sight, rather than by feel as longer-billed waders like snipes do. They feed mainly on insects, worms or other invertebrates, depending on habitat, which are obtained by a run-and-pause technique, rather"
"and potentially unable to retain water in very dry seasons. Some animals dig tunnels in the barrier, allowing water to infiltrate the structure; the muskrat is known for this activity and hunted in certain European countries because of it. Polders are most commonly, though not exclusively, found in river deltas, former fenlands and coastal areas. Flooding of polders has also been used as a military tactic in the past. One example is the flooding of the polders along the Yser river during World War I. Opening the sluices at high tide and closing them at low tide turned the polders"
"of the oriental plovers that make the long journey south overwinter in Australia and it has been estimated that there may be 160,000 individuals of this species. With a large range and no evidence of significant population decline, this species’ conservation status is rated by the IUCN as being of Least Concern. Oriental plover The oriental plover (""Charadrius veredus"") also known as the oriental dotterel, is a medium-sized Charadriine plover closely related to the Caspian plover. It breeds in parts of Mongolia and China, migrating southwards each year to spend its non-breeding season in Indonesia, New Guinea and northern Australia."
"a complete breastband. semipalmated plovers are larger, thicker-billed, and has a pale collar. Ironically, it is the ""lack"" of a pale collar which gives the collared plover its English language and scientific names. The collared plover is found on sandy coasts, estuarine mud, inland riverbanks and open sandy savannas. It breeds from Mexico south through Central America and most of South America. It also occurs on some of the southern Caribbean islands, and both Trinidad and Tobago. It appears to be mainly sedentary, although there is some evidence for limited seasonal movements. Collared plovers feed on insects and other invertebrates,"
"in some 3,000 ""polders"" nationwide. By 1961 , about half of the country's land, was reclaimed from the sea. About half the total surface area of ""polders"" in north-west Europe is in the Netherlands. The first embankments in Europe were constructed in Roman times. The first polders were constructed in the 11th century. As a result of flooding disasters, water boards called ""waterschap"" (when situated more inland) or ""hoogheemraadschap"" (near the sea, mainly used in the Holland region) were set up to maintain the integrity of the water defences around polders, maintain the waterways inside a polder, and control the"
"Polistes gallicus Polistes gallicus (also historically referred to as ""Polistes foederatus"") is a fairly common species of paper wasp found in various parts of Europe, excluding England, Denmark, and Scandinavia, from warmer climates to cooler regions north of the Alps. The distribution of ""P. gallicus"" also extends into northern regions of Africa, Israel, Iran, and even parts of China and Russia. Nests of these social insects are created in these various conditions. The ""Polistes"" species uses an oral secretion to construct their nests, which consist of a combination of saliva and chewed plant fibers. This structural mixture physically protects the"
"depending on species. Most Charadriidae also have relatively short tails, the killdeer is the exception. In most genera, the sexes are similar, very little sexual dimorphism occurs between sexes. They range in size from the collared plover, at 26 grams and , to the masked lapwing, at and . They are distributed through open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions: the inland dotterel, for example, prefers stony ground in the deserts of central and western Australia. They hunt by sight, rather than by feel as longer-billed waders like snipe do. Foods eaten include aquatic"
"Alaska pollock as food Alaska pollock (""Gadus chalcogrammus""), a species of cod (""Gadus""), is an edible fish found in the North Pacific ocean. Compared with common pollock, Alaska pollock is milder in taste, whiter in color, and lower in oil content. It is a popular choice for fast food restaurants, for example in the McDonald's Filet-O-Fish. It is also commonly packaged into block molds that are deep frozen and used throughout Europe and North America as raw material for high quality breaded and battered fish products . Pollock has been consumed in Korea since the Joseon era (1392–1897). One of"
"Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy (including Sicily), Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, the Baltic States), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt), eastern and southern Africa (South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe). There are outlying populations in the Canaries, the Caucasus, and Russia east of the Urals. Hairlike pondweed grows predominantly in standing water including ponds, lakes, ditches, canals and slow-flowing rivers and streams. It is usually restricted to calcareous water of rather high conductivity and is tolerant of high nutrient levels. It is often an early succession species, colonising newly created habitats such as ditches and flooded gravel pits,"
"""Fertilisation of Orchids"". ""Hammarbya paludosa"" has a wide range around the Northern Hemisphere. In Europe it occurs north to 69° in Scandinavia and south to the Italian Alps, Balkans and Romania. It occurs locally across southern Siberia east to Sakhalin and Japan. In North America, it is found from Alaska east to Ontario and south to Minnesota. (Codes) In the British Isles it is found widely but very locally with the largest numbers in north-west Scotland. It has disappeared from much of England but is more frequent in the New Forest. It grows in bogs near streams and ditches or"
"Anna Paulownapolder The Anna Paulownapolder () is a polder in the municipality of Hollands Kroon in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. The area of the polder is 50 square kilometres and it forms an important horticulture area, with among other things flower bulb cultivation. The Anna Paulownapolder was from the 7th century to the 12th centuries, the habitat of both the Frisian and Gelderlandish emigrants. The latter lived in the area where now the places Westeinde and Gelderse Buurt are. Afterwards the area became uninhabitable because of several storms and floods. After impoldering of the Zijpe in"
"since has been called ""mentai-ko"" () in Japanese. A milder, less spicy version is usually called ""tarako"" (, literally ""cod's roe""), which is also the Japanese name for pollock roe itself. In Russia, pollock roe is consumed as a sandwich spread. The product, resembling liquid paste due to the small size of eggs and oil added, is sold canned. Alaska pollock The Alaska pollock or walleye pollock (""Gadus chalcogrammus"") is a marine fish species of the cod family Gadidae. It is a semipelagic schooling fish widely distributed in the North Pacific with largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea."
"Nevertheless, hybrids have been recorded in southern Ukraine, the Kursk and Voronezh Oblasts, the Trans-Carpathians and several other localities. The European polecat is widespread in the western Palaearctic to the Urals in the Russian Federation, though it is absent from Ireland, northern Scandinavia, and much of the Balkans and eastern Adriatic coast. It occurs only marginally in northern Greece. It is found in Morocco in the Rif Mountains, from sea level to 2400 m. Its domesticated form, the ferret, was introduced in Britain, and some Mediterranean islands and New Zealand. In Britain, the European polecat was regarded as a serious"
"beaches in east Africa, south Asia and Australasia. It is a very rare vagrant in western Europe, but of the three individuals recorded in Great Britain up to 2003, one was a Mongolian plover. This chunky plover is long-legged and long-billed. Breeding males have grey backs and white underparts. The breast, forehead and nape are chestnut, and there is a black eye mask. The female is duller, and winter and juvenile birds lack the chestnut, apart from a hint of rufous on the head. Legs are dark and the bill black. In all plumages, this species is very similar to"
"Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine), Asia (China (Yunnan), Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia). In North America ""P. compressus / zosteriformis"" occurs in northern USA and Canada. There are isolated populations in the Balkans, Oregon and the Rockies. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the exact distribution of this species in Siberia and Canada. Grass-wrack pondweed grows in still or slow-flowing, lowland, calcareous and often rather nutrient-rich water bodies such as backwaters in rivers, ponds and slow-moving streams, usually on fine substrates such as sand, silt, clay or peat, usually in less than 1.5 m water depth. However, Japanese populations have been reported growing in"
"Magellanic plover The Magellanic plover (""Pluvianellus socialis"") is a rare and unique wader found only in southernmost South America. It was long placed in with the other plovers in the family Charadriidae; however, behavioural evidence suggested they were distinct, and molecular studies confirmed this, suggesting that they are actually more closely related to the sheathbills, a uniquely Antarctic family. As such it is now placed in its own family, Pluvianellidae. This species is not a long-distance migrant, although some birds move further north in southern Argentina in winter. The species breeds inland and then moves to the coast during the"
"Norway pollock The Norway pollock is a rare fish of the Gadidae (codfish) family, known from the Barents Sea waters of northern Norway and Russia. The fish is close to the Alaska pollock of the Pacific Ocean (""Gadus chalcogrammus"" = ""Theragra chalcogramma""), and was first named as another species in the same genus, ""Theragra finnmarchica"" Kofoed, 1956. Currently it is considered to be conspecific with the Pacific species and is attributed to ""Gadus chalcogrammus"". The history of the species in the Barents Sea is unknown. ""Theragra finnmarchica"" was described as a new species to science by Norwegian zoologist Einar Koefoed"
"Koog A koog (plural: ""köge"") or groden is a type of polder found on the North Sea coast of Germany that is established by the construction of dykes enclosing the land which is then drained to form marshland. This type of land reclamation is also used along rivers. In general, a ""koog"" is protected by embankments known as dykes (""Deiche""). Unlike the meaning in modern German, Ingvaeonic ""*kāg"", Old Dutch ""*kōg"", modern Dutch ""koog"" and West Frisian Dutch ""kaag"" all designate ""land outside the dike"". In the Netherlands, it primarily survives in place names (e.g. De Koog, Koog aan de"
"Pomerania, and Podlaskie. In the forests, one also encounters game animals, such as red deer, roe deer and wild boars. In eastern Poland there are a number of ancient woodlands, like Białowieża forest, that have never been cleared by people. There are also large forested areas in the mountains, Masuria, Pomerania, Lubusz Land and Lower Silesia. Poland is the most important breeding ground for a variety of European migratory birds. Out of all of the migratory birds who come to Europe for the summer, one quarter of the global population of white storks (40,000 breeding pairs) live in Poland, particularly"
"European pond turtle The European pond turtle (""Emys orbicularis""), also called the European pond terrapin and European pond tortoise, is a long-living freshwater species of turtle. It is found in southern and central Europe, West Asia and North Africa. In the early post-glacial period, the pond turtle had a much wider distribution, being found as far north as southern Sweden. It became extinct in Great Britain due to climate change. In France, there are six large remaining populations, all deteriorating; it is the most endangered reptile of the country. In Switzerland, the European pond turtle was extinct at the beginning"
"suggested that most plovers originated from the Southern Hemisphere and evolved under arid and semi-arid conditions. There are 25 extant species of lapwings. Africa has the most species of lapwings, while North America has none. Australia has two native species, the masked lapwing and the banded lapwing. The masked lapwing is split into ""Vanellus miles miles"" and ""Vanellus miles novaehollandiae"". The first fossils of the ""Vanellus"" species were from Belgian deposits retrieved from the middle Oligocene dating back 30 million years ago, the time when the first grasses appeared. The banded lapwing is a medium-sized shorebird with short dark purplish"
"in salt marshes. They prefer dyked areas, which are cut off from salt water intrusion (polders), so the fresh water environment is dominating. Examples for newly dyked polders in Schleswig-Holstein are Beltringharder Koog, Hauke-Haien-Koog, Speicherkoog, Rickelsbüller Koog. Since 2000 breeding eagle pairs settled permanently in the Wadden Sea area. The population of the northwest-european common shelduck, which counts 180.000 birds, spends the time of molting in between July and September in the Wadden Sea, mainly around the protected island of Trischen. Thereby gather over 80% of the northwest-european population. This phenomena of a ""mass moulting"" is worldwide unique. About 200.000"
"India (Assam), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Estonia, France including Corsica, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain (Pyrenees), Sweden, Switzerland), Greenland, Canada, and the northern United States, especially the Rockies. ""Potamogeton alpinus"" generally grows in neutral to mildly acid (but not very base-poor) water bodies such as lakes, slow-moving rivers and streams, and ponds. ""P. alpinus"" needs a deep fine substrate such as sand, silt or peat to root in and appears to avoid exposed situations. It is, mainly restricted to fairly nutrient-poor waters. In European rivers, it is associated"
"world, and which have a very high risk of being sourced from unsustainable fisheries."" Atlantic pollock is largely considered to be a whitefish, although it is a fairly strongly flavored one. Traditionally a popular source of food in some countries, such as Norway, in the United Kingdom it has previously been largely consumed as a cheaper and versatile alternative to cod and haddock. However, in recent years pollock has become more popular due to over-fishing of cod and haddock. It can now be found in most supermarkets as fresh fillets or prepared freezer items. For example, it is used minced"
"tonnes. Pollack is an important species in recreational fisheries. In Norway, tourist fishers alone were estimated to catch 100 tonnes of pollack in 2009. In France, 3,500 tonnes of pollock were estimated to be caught in all recreational fisheries. Pollachius pollachius Pollachius pollachius (Atlantic or European pollock) is a species of marine fish in the ""Pollachius"" genus. FAO uses the English name pollack for this species. Together with ""Pollachius virens"", it may also be referred to as pollock. Other names include European pollock, ""lieu jaune"", and lythe. It is common in the north-eastern parts of the Northern Atlantic, including the"
"New Zealand plover The New Zealand plover, red-breasted plover, or New Zealand dotterel (""Charadrius obscurus"") is an endangered species found only in certain areas of New Zealand. Its Māori names include tūturiwhatu, pukunui, and kūkuruatu. There are two subspecies, ""C. o. obscurus"" in the South Island and ""C. o. aquilonius"" in the North Island. A 2015 study found its closest relatives to be other plovers found in New Zealand, the nearest the wrybill (""Anarhynchus frontalis""), which the study found to be in the ""Charadrius"" clade, and then the double-banded plover or banded dotterel (""Charadrius bicinctus""). New Zealand plovers are shorebirds"
"Europe to Russia and China. Its range includes Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey, Romania, Asia Minor, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Afghanistan, north-western Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan and north to the Altai Steppes in Siberia. In 1998, a marbled polecat was recorded on the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Marbled polecats are most active during the morning and evening. Their eyesight is weak and they rely on a well-developed sense of smell. Vocalization is limited and consists of shrill alarm cries, grunts and a submissive long shriek. Marbled polecats are solitary and move extensively through their 0.5- to 0.6-km home"
"Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine. In middle Europe, it is in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. In northern Europe, in Denmark, Ireland, Sweden and United Kingdom. In southeastern Europe, within Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Lastly, it is found in southwestern Europe, it is found in France, Portugal and Spain. The plant prefers fresh or moist places, on roadsides, along rivers, in arable land, wastelands and docklands, or on the slopes and in ditches, at an altitude of above sea level."
"Canada, Russia, Japan, Scandinavia, and Mongolia. Exceptions do exist as in some cases Southern Europeans turned out paler skinned than Northern ones. Some archaeologists attribute this to the cultural shortcomings that prevented people from settling down in polar regions. However, it is also likely that the inherent limitations to produce adequate amounts of vitamin D in these areas was the cause of the lack of human settlement. Away from the coastlines it was extremely hard for humans to find great sources of vitamin D. Hinterland populations across Eurasia survive by consuming reindeer, which they follow and herd. Reindeer meat, organs,"
"Oriental plover The oriental plover (""Charadrius veredus"") also known as the oriental dotterel, is a medium-sized Charadriine plover closely related to the Caspian plover. It breeds in parts of Mongolia and China, migrating southwards each year to spend its non-breeding season in Indonesia, New Guinea and northern Australia. Adult male in breeding plumage: white face, throat and fore-crown; grey-brown hind-crown, hind-neck and back; belly white, demarcated with narrow black band and then broad chestnut breast band merging into white throat. Female, juvenile and non-breeding male: generally grey-brown upperparts and white belly; pale face with white streak above eye. Measurements: length"
"temperatures reaching 50 °C to tundra. The distribution of this species’ breeding areas covers Europe, Asia and Africa,). In Europe, populations are typically found in the west, however there was once a breeding population in Hungary, however Kentish plovers no longer breed there. In Africa, populations are found on the southern coast of Senegal and along the Northern coast of the Mediterranean, and the Red Sea coast. The breeding area continues along the Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Bahrain in the Middle East. Small populations can be found on islands too, such as the Cape Verde archipelago, the Canary"