"historically known as Devonshire, although this is no longer the official name. Similarly, Dorset, Rutland and Somerset were formerly known as Dorsetshire, Rutlandshire and Somersetshire, but these terms are no longer official, and are rarely used outside the local populations. Hexhamshire was a county in the north-east of England from the early 12th century until 1572, when it was incorporated into Northumberland. In Scotland, barely affected by the Norman conquest of England, the word ""shire"" prevailed over ""county"" until the 19th century. Earliest sources have the same usage of the ""-shire"" suffix as in England (though in Scots this was"
"the ""-shire"" suffix include: Brecknockshire (or Breconshire), Caernarfonshire, Cardiganshire (now Ceredigion), Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire, and Radnorshire. In Wales, the counties of Merioneth and Glamorgan are occasionally referred to with the ""shire"" suffix. The only traditional Welsh county that never takes ""shire"" is Anglesey—in English: in Welsh it is referred to as 'Sir Fon'. The suffix –""shire"" could be a generalised term referring to a district. It did not acquire the strong association with county until later. Other than these, the term was used for several other districts. Bedlingtonshire, Craikshire, Norhamshire and Islandshire were exclaves of County Durham,"
"Several shires have alternative names of long standing. These include: In Scotland, as in England and Wales, the terms ""shire"" and ""county"" have been used interchangeably, with the latter becoming more common in later usage. Today, ""county"" is more commonly used, with ""shire"" being seen as a more poetic or archaic variant. The map depicts a large number of exclaves physically detached from the county that they were politically deemed to be part of. Cromartyshire's borders, a particularly fragmentary example, were achieved as late as 1685, although at that time the word ""county"" was not applied to the sheriffdom. Shires"
"Historically, the term ""shire"" is somewhat misleading, as it must not be confused with an English county. In medieval Latin, the latter was referred to as a ""comitatus"", which prior to 1889 a Scottish ""shire"" had never been. In Scotland, the ""comitatus"" was in fact the region controlled as a ""Lordship"" (as opposed, for example, to a Lairdship), such as a mormaerdom, or an early Earldom, and typically survived as a ""regality"" (though this is a broader term encompassing also more junior authority). ""Shire"" instead came into use, in Scotland, to refer to the region in which a particular sheriff"
"which were incorporated into Northumberland or Yorkshire in 1844. The suffix was also used for many hundreds, wapentakes and liberties such as Allertonshire, Blackburnshire, Halfshire, Howdenshire, Leylandshire, Powdershire, Pydarshire, Richmondshire, Riponshire, Salfordshire, Triggshire, Tynemouthshire, West Derbyshire and Wivelshire, counties corporate such as Hullshire, and other districts such as Applebyshire, Bamburghshire, Bunkleshire, Carlisleshire, Coldinghamshire, Coxwoldshire, Cravenshire, Hallamshire, Mashamshire and Yetholmshire. Richmondshire is today the name of a local government district of North Yorkshire. Non-county shires were very common in Scotland. Kinross-shire and Clackmannanshire are arguably survivals from such districts. Non-county ""shires"" in Scotland include Bunkleshire, Coldinghamshire and Yetholmshire. ""Shire"" is the"
"the name of ""shire"" in English. In Cornish, they were called ""kevrangow"" (sing. ""kevrang""). Although the name ""shire"", today implies some kind of county status, hundreds in some English counties often bore the suffix 'shire' as well (e.g., Salfordshire), but where English shires were split into hundreds each having their own constable, Cornish hundreds had constables at parish level. The Kevrangow were not however, English hundreds: ""Triggshire"" came from Tricori 'three warbands', suggesting a military muster area capable of supporting three hundred fighting men. However it must be said that this is an inference from name alone, and does not"
"oftenmost ""schyr""). Later the ""Shire"" appears as a separate word. ""Shire"" names in Scotland include Aberdeenshire, Ayrshire, Banffshire, Berwickshire, Clackmannanshire, Cromartyshire, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Inverness-shire, Kincardineshire, Kinross-shire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Lanarkshire, Morayshire, Nairnshire, Peeblesshire, Perthshire, Renfrewshire, Ross-shire, Roxburghshire, Selkirkshire, Stirlingshire, and Wigtownshire. In Scotland four shires have alternative names with the ""-shire"" suffix: Angus (Forfarshire), East Lothian (Haddingtonshire), Midlothian (Edinburghshire) and West Lothian (Linlithgowshire). Sutherland is occasionally still referred to as Sutherlandshire. Similarly, Argyllshire, Buteshire, Caithness-shire and Fifeshire are sometimes found. Also, Morayshire was previously called Elginshire. There is currently much debate about whether Argyllshire was ever really used. Shires in Wales bearing"
"derive from the name of the county town (county seat) with the word ""shire"" added on: for example, Gloucestershire and Worcestershire. The Anglo-Saxon terms ""earl"" and ""earldom"" were taken as equivalent to the continental terms ""count"" and ""county"" under the conquering Normans, and over time the two blended and became equivalent. Further, the later-imported term became a synonym for the native English word ""scir"" () or, in Modern English, ""shire"". Since a shire was an administrative division of the kingdom, the term ""county"" evolved to designate an administrative division of a federal state, as in Germany and the United States,"
"are typically (though not always) named after their county town. The suffix ""-shire"" is attached to most of the names of English, Scottish and Welsh counties. It tends not to be found in the names of shires that were pre-existing divisions. Essex, Kent, and Sussex, for example, have never borne a ""-shire"", as each represents a former Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Similarly Cornwall was a British kingdom before it became an English county. The term 'shire' is not used in the names of the six traditional counties of Northern Ireland. Counties in England bearing the ""-shire"" suffix include: Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire,"
"of land first used in England during the Anglo-Saxon period. Examples in England are Cheshire, Hampshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Staffordshire, Worcestershire and Yorkshire; in Scotland, Aberdeenshire, Perthshire, Inverness-shire and Stirlingshire; and in Wales, Carmarthenshire, Flintshire and Pembrokeshire. This suffix tends not to be found in the names of counties that were pre-existing divisions. Essex, Kent, and Sussex, for example, have never borne a ""-shire"", as each represents a former Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Similarly Cornwall was a British kingdom before it became an English county. The term ""shire"" is also not used in the names of the six traditional counties of Northern Ireland."
"Non-metropolitan county A non-metropolitan county, or colloquially, shire county, is a county-level entity in England that is not a metropolitan county. The counties typically have populations of 300,000 to 1.4 million. The term ""shire county"" is, however, an unofficial usage. Many of the non-metropolitan counties bear historic names and most end in the suffix ""-shire"" such as Wiltshire or Staffordshire. Of the remainder, some counties had the -shire ending and have lost it over time; such as Devon and Somerset. ""Shire county"" is, strictly, a dual-language tautology since the French-derived ""county"" means the same as the older Anglo-Saxon word ""shire""."
"named after the principal town in the new shire; hence Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Derbyshire and so on. Most of the historic counties of England (and modern Ceremonial counties) south of the Mersey and Humber derive directly from this time. Another important official of the shire was the shire-reeve, from whence the more modern sheriff is derived. The shire-reeve was responsible for upholding the law, and holding civil and criminal courts in the shire. The office of sheriff is still important in some Anglophone countries (e.g. the USA), but now a ceremonial role in the England. Below the level of the shire,"
"had the suffix ""-shire"" added when Scotland broadly adopted English-style county councils during the 19th Century. Scotlandshire Scotlandshire is a term used to denote either the anglicisation of Scotland or the subordinate political relationship with England. It is recorded as early as 1706 in James Hodges' anti-Union ""Third Treatise"". By placing the suffix ""-shire"" after the country's name, the term attempts to parody the early modern tendency to place the word ""-shire"" after some ancient Scottish regions, as well as implicating in a tongue-in-cheek manner that Scotland has the status of an English county, rather than that of a distinct"
"abbreviations for many of the counties. In most cases, these consist of simple truncation, usually with an ""s"" at the end signifying ""shire"", such as ""Berks"" for Berkshire or ""Bucks"" for Buckinghamshire. Some abbreviations are not obvious, such as ""Salop"" for Shropshire, from the Norman-derived word for its county town Shrewsbury; ""Oxon"" for Oxfordshire, from Latin ""Oxonium"" (referring to both the county and the city of Oxford); ""Hants"" for Hampshire; and ""Northants"" for Northamptonshire. Counties were often prefixed with ""County of"" in official contexts, such as ""County of Kent"". Those counties named after central towns lost the -""shire"" suffix, for"
"does not need to have ""shire"" in it. The term ""shire county"" is unofficial. There are 28 such counties: Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire. All, apart from Berkshire, have county councils. Sometimes ""shire county"" is used to exclude Berkshire, because it has no county council. The counties have populations of 109,000 to 1.4 million. Under local government reforms coming into effect in 2009, the number of such counties was reduced. The non-metropolitan counties of"
"Scotlandshire Scotlandshire is a term used to denote either the anglicisation of Scotland or the subordinate political relationship with England. It is recorded as early as 1706 in James Hodges' anti-Union ""Third Treatise"". By placing the suffix ""-shire"" after the country's name, the term attempts to parody the early modern tendency to place the word ""-shire"" after some ancient Scottish regions, as well as implicating in a tongue-in-cheek manner that Scotland has the status of an English county, rather than that of a distinct nation. Hence, the term is political in nature. Several historic regions of Scotland have at times"
"Cheshire, Derbyshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Lancashire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire and Yorkshire. These counties, on their historical boundaries, cover a little more than half the area of England. The counties that do not use ""-shire"" are mainly in three areas, in the south-east, south-west and far north of England. Several of these counties no longer exist as administrative units, or have had their administrative boundaries reduced by local government reforms. Several of the successor authorities retain the ""-shire"" county names, such as West Yorkshire and South Gloucestershire. The county of Devon was"
"1493 after discovering his plans for an alliance with the English. The shires of Scotland have their origins in the sheriffdoms or shires over which a sheriff (a contraction of ""shire reeve"") exercised jurisdiction. The term ""shire"" is somewhat misleading, as it should not be confused with an English county. In medieval Latin, the latter was referred to as a ""comitatus"", which is Scotland was the region controlled as a province or lordship (as opposed, for example, to a Lairdship), such as a mormaerdom, or an early Earldom, and typically survived as a regality (though this is a broader term"
"is a suffix as part of a placename in England, the vowel is unstressed and thus usually shortened and/or monophthongised: pronunciations include , or sometimes , with the pronunciation of the final R again depending on rhoticity. In many words, the vowel is normally reduced all the way to a single schwa, as in for instance ""Leicestershire"" or ""Berkshire"" . Outside England, and especially in Scotland and the US, it is more common for ""shire"" as part of a placename to be pronounced identically to the full word, as a result of spelling pronunciation. The system was first used in"
"in 1867 to commemorate Lord Byron at his birthplace, 24 Holles Street, Cavendish Square, London. Events commemorated by plaques include John Logie Baird's first demonstration of television at 22 Frith Street, Westminster, W1, London, the first sub 4-minute mile run by Roger Bannister on 6 May 1954 at Oxford University's Iffley Road Track, and a sweet shop in Llandaff, Cardiff that commemorates the mischief by a young Roald Dahl who put a mouse in the gobstoppers jar. The suffix ""shire"" is attached to most of the names of English, Scottish and Welsh counties. Shire is a term for a division"
"English shire. The term was revived by the Nazi Party in 1920s as the name given to the regional associations of the party in Weimar Germany, based mainly along state and district lines. The ""Gaue"" existed parallel to the German states, the ""Länder"", and Prussian provinces throughout the Nazi period. ""Pro forma"", the Administrative divisions of Weimar Germany was left in place. The plan to abolish the ""Länder"" was ultimately given up because Hitler shrank away from structural reforms, a so-called ""Reichsreform"", fearing it would upset local party leaders. For the same reason, the borders of the ""Gaue"" remained unchanged"
"term for the area surrounding Sheffield, that the suffix ""shire"" was widely used in the north of England for subdivisions of counties, and that it was particularly appropriate as its original meaning was the area under the jurisdiction of a sheriff. Lord Rea conceded and withdrew his amendment. The first official action of the new High Sheriff was the opening of the Sheffield Assizes on 29 May 1962. The occasion was seen as being historic, with the Recorder of Sheffield noting that it was the first new shrievalty to have been created for many centuries. ""Hallamshire"" was defined by the"
"areas, some of which are also designated ""counties"". For the purposes of lieutenancy the counties constituted in 1974 were preserved. Non-metropolitan county A non-metropolitan county, or colloquially, shire county, is a county-level entity in England that is not a metropolitan county. The counties typically have populations of 300,000 to 1.4 million. The term ""shire county"" is, however, an unofficial usage. Many of the non-metropolitan counties bear historic names and most end in the suffix ""-shire"" such as Wiltshire or Staffordshire. Of the remainder, some counties had the -shire ending and have lost it over time; such as Devon and Somerset."
"was replaced and the shires became counties, or ""areas under the control of a count"", in the French manner. Although all of England was divided into shires by the time of the Norman conquest, some counties were formed considerably later, up to the 16th century. Because of their differing origins the counties varied considerably in size. The county boundaries were fairly static between the 16th century Laws in Wales acts and the Local Government Act 1888. Each shire was responsible for gathering taxes for the central government; for local defence; and for justice, through assize courts. In southern England the"
"Cornwall: The term ""Devon"" is normally used for everyday purposes e.g. ""Devon County Council"" but ""Devonshire"" continues to be used in the names of the ""Devonshire and Dorset Regiment"" (until 2007) and ""The Devonshire Association"". One erroneous theory is that the ""shire"" suffix is due to a mistake in the making of the original letters patent for the Duke of Devonshire, resident in Derbyshire. However, there are references to ""Defenascire"" in Anglo-Saxon texts from before 1000 AD (this would mean ""Shire of the Devonians""), which translates to modern English as ""Devonshire"". The term Devonshire may have originated around the 8th"
"north Oxfordshire. Use of the term dates from the early to mid 19th century. It was common in the 19th century for market towns in England to describe their hinterland by tacking ""shire"" onto the town's name. ""Stones Map of Banburyshire"" held by the Centre of Banbury Studies was published in the 1870s or 1880s and it asserted that the term originated in the 1830s but no source is given for that assertion. In the 1850s magazine articles used ""Banburyshire"" or the hyphenated term ""Banbury-shire"". The Banburyshire Natural History Society was formed in 1881. In the 20th century a number"
"Shire oak The English folk legend of a shire oak, under the spreading limbs of which the ancient Anglo-Saxon open-air folkmoots and ""things"" were held, is a feature of Merry England: ""In olden times the rude hustings, with its noisy surging crowds, was the old popular mode of appeal to the people, voter and voteless, a remnant of Saxon times when men gathered under the shire-oak..."" The Shire Oak legendarium has resulted in a number of toponyms in present-day England. Oaks were often markers where three shires came together, as ""Three-shire Oaks"" at some of the tripoints of England. In"
"Oxfordshire Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from ""Oxonium"", the Latin name for Oxford) is a county in South East England. The ceremonial county borders Warwickshire to the north-west, Northamptonshire to the north-east, Buckinghamshire to the east, Berkshire to the south, Wiltshire to the south-west and Gloucestershire to the west. The county has major education and tourist industries and is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies. As well as the"
"In England, Wales and Northern Ireland the high sheriff (or in the City of London the sheriffs) are theoretically the sovereign's judicial representative in the county, while the Lord Lieutenant is the sovereign's personal and military representative. Their jurisdictions, the ""shrieval counties"", are no longer co-terminous with administrative areas, representing a mix between the ancient counties and more recent local authority areas. The post contrasts with that of sheriff in Scotland, who is a judge sitting in a sheriff court. The word ""sheriff"" is a contraction of the term ""shire reeve"". The term, from the Old English ""scīrgerefa"", designated a"
"decisions of the shire court, in Scotland they were specifically charged with upholding the king's interests in the region, thus being more like a coroner. As such, a parallel system of justice arose, between that provided by magnates (represented by the earls), and that by the king (represented by sheriffs), in a similar way to England having both Courts Baron and Magistrates, respectively. Inevitably, this led to a degree of forum shopping, with the king's offering - the Sheriff - gradually winning. As in England, as the centuries wore on, the term ""earl"" came to be disassociated from the office,"
"taxes, and usually had a fortified town at their centre. This became known as the ""shire town"" or later the county town. In many cases, the shires were named after their shire town (for example Bedford""shire""), but there are several exceptions, such as Cumberland, Norfolk and Suffolk. In several other cases, such as Buckinghamshire, the modern county town is different from the town for which the shire is named. (See Toponymical list of counties of the United Kingdom) The name ""county"" was introduced by the Normans, and was derived from a Norman term for an area administered by a Count"
"after the Second World War. Churchill, Oxfordshire Churchill is a village and civil parish about southwest of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Since 2012 it has been part of the Churchill and Sarsden joint parish council area, sharing a parish council with the adjacent civil parish of Sarsden. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 663. Churchill's toponym has evolved through forms including ""Cercelle"", ""Churchell"", and ""Cherchell"", reaching its current form was in use by 1537. The origin of the name is uncertain, though it may come from the Old English ""cyrc"", meaning"
"was so named as it is the shire (administrative area or county) of the city of York or York's Shire. ""York"" comes from the Viking name for the city, Jórvík. ""Shire"" is from Old English, scir meaning care or official charge. The ""shire"" suffix is locally pronounced ""shuh"", or occasionally , a homophone of ""sheer"". Early inhabitants of Yorkshire were Celts, who formed two separate tribes, the Brigantes and the Parisi. The Brigantes controlled territory which later became all of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The tribe controlled most of Northern England and more"