"assault on Beaumont Hamel. Fellow T.C.B.S. member Geoffrey Smith was killed during the same battle when a German artillery shell landed on a first aid post. Tolkien's battalion was almost completely wiped out following his return to England. Tolkien might well have been killed himself, but he had suffered from health problems and had been removed from combat multiple times. According to John Garth: In later years, Tolkien indignantly declared that those who searched his works for parallels to the Second World War were entirely mistaken: A weak and emaciated Tolkien spent the remainder of the war alternating between hospitals"
"1970. He blames Tolkien, and the failure of the church to take effective action, for ruining his life. John Francis Reuel Tolkien John Francis Reuel Tolkien (1917–2003) was an English priest and the eldest son of J. R. R. Tolkien. He was born in Cheltenham on 16 November 1917. He was educated at the Dragon School, Oxford and The Oratory School in Caversham, Berkshire where in his final year he decided to become a priest. On the advice of the Archbishop he decided to go to college to study English and joined Exeter College, Oxford from where he received his"
"– 27 February 1984), Christopher John Reuel Tolkien (born 21 November 1924) and Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien (born 18 June 1929). Tolkien was very devoted to his children and sent them illustrated letters from Father Christmas when they were young. Each year more characters were added, such as the North Polar Bear (Father Christmas's helper), the Snow Man (his gardener), Ilbereth the elf (his secretary), and various other, minor characters. The major characters would relate tales of Father Christmas's battles against goblins who rode on bats and the various pranks committed by the North Polar Bear. During his life"
"family – and calculates a diameter of 9.85 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.2. This minor planet was named in honour of J.R.R. Tolkien (1892–1973), an English writer, philologist, and Merton professor of English language at the University of Oxford. He is best known as the author of the fantasy novels ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"". Tolkien also had a lifelong interest in astronomy. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 December 1982 (). 2675 Tolkien 2675 Tolkien, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid and extremely slow rotator"
"Middle-earth Enterprises Middle-earth Enterprises, formerly known as Tolkien Enterprises, is a trading name for a division of The Saul Zaentz Company, located in Berkeley, California. The company owns the worldwide exclusive rights to certain elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's two most famous literary works: ""The Lord of the Rings"" and ""The Hobbit"". These elements include the titles of the works, the names of characters contained within as well as the names of places, objects and events within them, and certain short phrases and sayings from the works. J. R. R. Tolkien, the author of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord"
"J. K. Rowling Joanne Rowling , ( ""rolling""; born 31 July 1965), writing under the pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist, philanthropist, film producer, television producer and screenwriter, best known for writing the ""Harry Potter"" fantasy series. The books have won multiple awards, and sold more than 500 million copies, becoming the best-selling book series in history. They have also been the basis for a film series, over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films in the series. Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, England, Rowling was"
"Mark Twain Mark Twain (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are ""The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"" (1876) and its sequel, the ""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"" (1885), the latter often called ""The Great American Novel"". Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for ""Tom Sawyer"" and ""Huckleberry Finn"". He served an apprenticeship with a printer and then worked as a typesetter, contributing articles to the newspaper of his older brother Orion Clemens. He later became a riverboat pilot on"
"Simon Tolkien Simon Mario Reuel Tolkien (born 12 January 1959) is a British barrister and novelist. He is the grandson of J. R. R. Tolkien, and the oldest child of Christopher Tolkien. Simon was born in Oxford on 12 January 1959, the only child of Christopher Tolkien and his first wife, Faith Faulconbridge. His parents separated when he was five years old and he grew up with his mother. He was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford and then Downside School. He studied modern history at Trinity College, Oxford, after which he embarked on a fifteen-year career as a"
"John Francis Reuel Tolkien John Francis Reuel Tolkien (1917–2003) was an English priest and the eldest son of J. R. R. Tolkien. He was born in Cheltenham on 16 November 1917. He was educated at the Dragon School, Oxford and The Oratory School in Caversham, Berkshire where in his final year he decided to become a priest. On the advice of the Archbishop he decided to go to college to study English and joined Exeter College, Oxford from where he received his B.A. degree in 1939. In November 1939, he went to the English College, Rome to train as a"
"did not suit the young J.R.R. Tolkien and his mother took both her sons to visit her parents in Kings Heath in Birmingham. When her husband died in 1896 she decided to stay back in England with her sons. They moved to Sarehole, a village then outside Birmingham, in 1896. As a child, J.R.R. Tolkien used to tell stories to his younger brother Hilary, making ogres out of the adult people in the village. Ronald nicknamed the flour-coated miller's son in the nearby Sarehole Mill ""The White Ogre"". A farmer who used to terrorise children intruding on his land was"
"London and Birmingham. The Tolkien family had emigrated from Germany in the 18th century but had become ""quickly intensely English"". According to the family tradition, the Tolkiens had arrived in England in 1756, as refugees from Frederick the Great's invasion of the Electorate of Saxony during the Seven Years' War. Several families with the surname Tolkien or similar spelling live in northwestern Germany, mainly in Lower Saxony and Hamburg. Tolkien believed his surname derived from the German word ""tollkühn"", meaning ""foolhardy"", and jokingly inserted himself as a ""cameo"" into ""The Notion Club Papers"" under the literally translated name Rashbold. However,"
"with his wife and children went to stay with Hilary for a while. A few months before his death, he visited Hilary in Evesham. Hilary married Magdalen Matthews in 1928. They had three children. The first son, Gabriel, was born in 1931, the second son, Julian, in 1935, and the third son, Paul, in 1938. John Francis Reuel Tolkien (1917–2003) was the eldest son of J. R. R. Tolkien. He was born in Cheltenham on 16 November 1917. He was educated at the Dragon School, Oxford and The Oratory School in Caversham, Berkshire where in his final year he decided"
"effect on his own Catholic beliefs. Edith Mary Tolkien, born Bratt (21 January 1889 – 29 November 1971) was the wife of J. R. R. Tolkien. She served as the inspiration for his fictional character Lúthien Tinúviel, an Elven princess and the most beautiful of all the Children of Ilúvatar (the name of God in Tolkien's fiction). Bratt first met Tolkien in 1908, when they lived in the same boarding house. Both were orphans. The two fell in love, despite Bratt being Tolkien's senior by three years. Before the end of 1909 the relationship became known to Tolkien's guardian, Father"
"for publication. The contents of the book were released in a 1976 book titled ""The Father Christmas Letters"", in which Baillie is credited as the editor. In the 1976–77 exhibition of paintings held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and afterwards at the National Book League in London, Baillie contributed a short introduction to the catalogue. Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien (born 18 June 1929) is the fourth and youngest child of J. R. R. Tolkien, and his only daughter. Priscilla had long been hoped for, and was born to Tolkien and his wife in their house at 22 Northmoor"
"recorded under the pseudonym 'Shagrat the Vagrant', before forming a band called Shagrat in 1970. The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel ""The Hobbit"", but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, ""The Lord of the Rings"" is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. The title of the novel refers to the story's main antagonist, the"
"George R. R. Martin George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist and short story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known for his series of epic fantasy novels, ""A Song of Ice and Fire"", which was adapted into the HBO series ""Game of Thrones"" (2011–present). In 2005, Lev Grossman of ""Time"" called Martin ""the American Tolkien"", and in 2011, he was included on the annual ""Time"" 100 list of the most influential people in the world. George Raymond"
"trustee of The Tolkien Trust for 80 million USD accusing them of exploiting Middle-earth characters to promote online gambling. Michael George Reuel Tolkien (born 1943) is a British poet. He is the grandson of J. R. R. Tolkien, being the eldest son of Michael H. R. Tolkien. Michael Tolkien was educated at The Oratory School in Oxford and then Ampleforth College. He studied English and Classics at St Andrews University and later a B.Phil. at Oxford. He taught as Head of English at Uppingham School until 1992. He has several volumes of published poetry including ""Taking Cover"", ""Outstripping Gravity"" and"
"services to literature and philanthropy. J. K. Rowling Joanne Rowling , ( ""rolling""; born 31 July 1965), writing under the pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist, philanthropist, film producer, television producer and screenwriter, best known for writing the ""Harry Potter"" fantasy series. The books have won multiple awards, and sold more than 500 million copies, becoming the best-selling book series in history. They have also been the basis for a film series, over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films in the series. Born in"
"and MacNeice, they were to be adopted by Virginia Woolf and through her much of 1930s literary London. The best-known early to mid 20th century novelist associated with Birmingham was J. R. R. Tolkien, whose books ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"" are two of the world's four best-selling books of all time, with over 100 million and over 150 million copies in print respectively. Although Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein in South Africa, he later called this a ""fallacious fact"" claiming that he ""happened to be born there by accident"". Both of his parents were from Birmingham"
"with his father, describing it as a permanent breach. However, they have since reconciled. Simon Tolkien currently lives in southern California with his wife Tracy. Simon's son Nicholas is a playwright and director who debuted with his first play ""Terezin"" in June 2017. Simon Tolkien Simon Mario Reuel Tolkien (born 12 January 1959) is a British barrister and novelist. He is the grandson of J. R. R. Tolkien, and the oldest child of Christopher Tolkien. Simon was born in Oxford on 12 January 1959, the only child of Christopher Tolkien and his first wife, Faith Faulconbridge. His parents separated when"
"Middle-earth dwarf characters Many of the fictional characters in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium are Dwarves, a short stocky race inhabiting the world of Arda (the Earth in an imagined mythological past). Dwarves lived in the continent Middle-earth, mostly under its mountains. The names of many of Tolkien's Dwarves are derived from Norse mythology. Tolkien did not use diacritical marks for any names in ""The Hobbit"", but in ""The Lord of the Rings"" he accentuated a number of names, including some which had appeared in ""The Hobbit"". Thus, for example, ""Fili"" became ""Fíli"", and ""Thrain"" became ""Thráin"". Thorin's company consisted of the"
"which he claimed owed his family £80 million in unpaid royalties. In September 2009, he and New Line reached an undisclosed settlement, and he withdrew his legal objection to ""The Hobbit"" films. Christopher Tolkien currently lives a reclusive life far from media intrusion in the French countryside with his second wife, Baillie Tolkien (née Klass), who edited J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Father Christmas Letters"" for posthumous publication. They have two children, Adam Reuel Tolkien and Rachel Clare Reuel Tolkien. In the wake of a dispute surrounding the making of ""The Lord of the Rings"" film trilogy he reportedly disowned"
"Edith Tolkien Edith Mary Tolkien (21 January 1889 – 29 November 1971; ""née"" Bratt) was the wife and muse of novelist J. R. R. Tolkien, and the inspiration for his fictional characters Lúthien Tinúviel and Arwen Evenstar. Edith Bratt was born in Gloucester on 21 January 1889. Her mother, Frances Bratt, was 30 years old, unmarried, and was the daughter of a local shoe- and bootmaker. According to Humphrey Carpenter, Frances Bratt never married and the name of Edith's father is not listed on her birth certificate. Even so, Frances is reported to have always preserved a photograph of her"
"aloud, while Campbell laughed off the provocation. Tolkien, who was then hard at work writing ""The Lord of the Rings"", was charmed by Campbell. In a letter to his son Christopher, Tolkien compared Campbell to Trotter, a torture-crippled hobbit character who appeared in an early draft of ""The Lord of the Rings"", to become the character of Aragorn in the final versions. Tolkien further commented, Here is a scion of an Ulster prot. family resident in S. Africa, most of whom fought in both wars, who became a Catholic after sheltering the Carmelite fathers in Barcelona — in vain, they"
"possibly led to the character name (Sam Gamgee) in J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"". The connection is not certain: in Appendix F to ""The Lord of the Rings"", Tolkien mentions, but at the same time denies, the reading of ""Gamgee"" as a pun relating to the name of Sam's wife, Rosie ""Cotton"". He further elaborates the 'real' Westron names of which 'Gamgee' and 'Cotton' are translations. However, in the same section Tolkien also addresses ""hobbit"" (which was certainly created first and translated afterward, as described in Tolkien's own comment on the initial writing of ""The Hobbit"")"
"Anwen Anwen is a Welsh feminine name. Notable bearers of the name are: It is not a very common first name, though neither is it rare. However, Anwen is popularly confused with ""Arwen"", a name created by the author and linguist J. R. R. Tolkien for use in his novel ""The Lord of the Rings"", and modelled on the etymology and sound patterns of Welsh. The origins of Anwen are somewhat unclear, though the -""wen"" ending is known to represent the mutated form of the adjective ""gwen"" (note: the ""G"" in ""gwen"" is dropped in a mutation of the word"
"Kortirion (Meril-i-Turinqi, great-granddaughter of Ingwë) on multiple occasions. In these early versions Tol Eressea is seen as island of Britain near a smaller island of Ivenry (Ireland). He earned the name AElfwine from the elves he stayed with, married a second wife (his first wife was the mother of Finn and Hengest), who bore him a third son, Heorrenda, a great poet of half-Elven descent who would later go onto be the writer of Beowulf according to Tolkien's lectures (most of Ottor's relatives share names with Norse historical or mythological connections). The character ""Ælfwine"" of the later continuity was not"
"1959 (around the same time as the writing of the initial parts of the ""Narn""). However, Christopher Tolkien makes no comments on this, and in the index to ""The War of the Jewels"" her name is spelt ""Lalaeth"". In unconnected remarks of Christopher Tolkien, he uses the form ""Lalaeth"" despite the spelling ""Lalaith"" in published ""Unfinished Tales"" that he explicitly references to. Lalaith In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, Urwen, better known by her nickname Lalaith (""Laughter""), was the second child of Húrin Thalion and Morwen Edhelwen and the sister of Túrin Turambar. She was born in spring of"
"Gandalf Gandalf is a fictional character and one of the protagonists in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"". He is a wizard, member of the ""Istari"" order, as well as leader of the Fellowship of the Ring and the army of the West. In ""The Lord of the Rings"", he is initially known as Gandalf the Grey, but returns from death as Gandalf the White. Although mainly known as ""Gandalf"", the character has a number of names in Tolkien's writings. Gandalf himself says, ""Many are my names in many countries. Mithrandir among the"
"Middle-earth Middle-earth is the fictional setting of much of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. The term is equivalent to the term ""Midgard"" of Norse mythology, describing the human-inhabited world, that is, the central continent of the Earth in Tolkien's imagined mythological past. Tolkien's most widely read works, ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"", take place entirely in Middle-earth, and ""Middle-earth"" has also become a short-hand to refer to the legendarium and Tolkien's fictional take on the world. Within his stories, Tolkien translated the name ""Middle-earth"" as ""Endor"" (or sometimes ""Endórë"") and ""Ennor"" in the Elvish languages"
"Steve Peregrin Took Steve Peregrin Took (born Stephen Ross Porter; 28 July 1949 – 27 October 1980) was an English musician and songwriter. He is best known for his membership of the duo Tyrannosaurus Rex with Marc Bolan. After breaking with Bolan, he concentrated on his own singer-songwriting activities, variously as a solo artist or as a frontman for several bands. Took was born Stephen Ross Porter in Eltham, London, on 28 July 1949, and attended Shooters Hill School. He took his name from the hobbit Peregrin Took in J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"". At the"
"R. R. Tolkien invented many family trees of the characters from his high fantasy novel ""The Lord of the Rings"". One notable fictional pedigree is the family tree of The Noble and Most Ancient House of Black from ""Harry Potter"", invented by J. K. Rowling. George R. R. Martin's Epic A Song of Ice and Fire features a significant quantity of fictional noble families, most of them with documented in-universe ancestry. Fantasy genealogy Fantasy genealogies are mythical, fictional or fabricated pedigrees, usually to enhance the status of the descendant. Many claimed ancestries are considered by modern scholars to be fabrications,"
"by Thorin. Tolkien developed the character 'Thrain' to resolve an inconsistency between the text of ""The Hobbit"" and the map published with it. When creating the first typescript copy of ""The Hobbit"", he added one line which referred to Thorin's father as Thror and his grandfather as Thrain, the reverse of the published names, probably inadvertently. Remarkably, he then changed all other references in the text to use this reversed genealogy, and then later changed them all back again. In the confusion, the map that he produced for ""The Hobbit"" contained text naming Thrain as ""King under the Mountain"", but"