"her death in the waters of the gulf."" Chopin's work also garnered qualified, though still negative, reviews. ""The Dial"" called ""The Awakening"" a ""poignant spiritual tragedy"" with the caveat that the novel was ""not altogether wholesome in its tendencies."" Similarly, ""The Congregationalist"" called Chopin's novel ""a brilliant piece of writing"" but concludes, ""We cannot commend it."" In the ""Pittsburgh Leader"", Willa Cather set ""The Awakening"" alongside ""Madame Bovary"", Gustave Flaubert's equally notorious and equally reviled novel of suburban ennui and unapologetic adultery—though Cather was no more impressed with the heroine than were most of her contemporaries. Cather ""hope[d] that Miss"
"Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert (; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. Highly influential, he has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country. He is known especially for his debut novel ""Madame Bovary"" (1857), his ""Correspondence"", and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert. Flaubert was born on 12 December 1821, in Rouen, in the Seine-Maritime department of Upper Normandy, in northern France. He was the second son of Anne Justine Caroline (née Fleuriot; 1793–1872) and Achille-Cléophas Flaubert"
"2003). In public lecture on May 1966 at the Kaufmann Art Gallery in New York, Marshall McLuhan claimed that ""I derived all my knowledge of media from people like Flaubert and Rimbaud and Baudelaire."" Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert (; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. Highly influential, he has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country. He is known especially for his debut novel ""Madame Bovary"" (1857), his ""Correspondence"", and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert."
"portraying the hidden side of urban life (crime, police spies, criminal slang), as in the novels of Eugène Sue. Similar tendencies appeared in the theatrical melodramas of the period and, in an even more lurid and gruesome light, in the Grand Guignol at the end of the century. Gustave Flaubert's (1821–1880) acclaimed novels ""Madame Bovary"" (1857), which reveals the tragic consequences of romanticism on the wife of a provincial doctor, and ""Sentimental Education"" (1869) represent perhaps the highest stages in the development of French realism. Flaubert also wrote other works in an entirely different style and his romanticism is apparent"
"in 1963, starred Millie Perkins as Dulcinea, and was released in the U.S. as ""The Girl from La Mancha"". He wrote ""Vie de l'art théatral, des origines a nos jours"" in 1932 with René Chavance. Gaston Baty Gaston Baty (26 May 1885 in Pélussin, Loire – 13 October 1952), whose full name was Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Gaston Baty, was a French playwright and theatre director. His stage adaptation of Gustave Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"" was presented in an English translation on Broadway in 1937. Constance Cummings played the title role. Baty is also the author of a play entitled ""Dulcinea"", which has been filmed"
"also appears in the works of Alexandre Dumas, fils. Many of the novels in this period, including Balzac's, were published in newspapers in serial form, and the immensely popular realist ""roman feuilleton"" tended to specialize in portraying the hidden side of urban life (crime, police spies, criminal slang), as in the novels of Eugène Sue. Similar tendencies appeared in the theatrical melodramas of the period and, in an even more lurid and gruesome light, in the Grand Guignol at the end of the century. Gustave Flaubert's great novels ""Madame Bovary"" (1857)—which reveals the tragic consequences of romanticism on the wife"
"Gaston Baty Gaston Baty (26 May 1885 in Pélussin, Loire – 13 October 1952), whose full name was Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Gaston Baty, was a French playwright and theatre director. His stage adaptation of Gustave Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"" was presented in an English translation on Broadway in 1937. Constance Cummings played the title role. Baty is also the author of a play entitled ""Dulcinea"", which has been filmed twice and produced on television in 1989. It is an original play that takes its inspiration from Miguel de Cervantes's great novel ""Don Quixote"" and uses some of its characters. The second film version, made"
"the course of the nineteenth century, to become increasingly psychological, concerned with the accurate representation of thoughts and emotions rather than of external things. In this way it precedes the great French novelist Marcel Proust and the twentieth Century apotheosis James Joyce. ""Madame Bovary"" has had the following film adaptations: David Lean's film ""Ryan's Daughter"" (1970) was a loose adaptation of the story, relocating it to Ireland during the time of the Easter Rebellion. The script had begun life as a straight adaptation of ""Madame Bovary"", but Lean convinced writer Robert Bolt to re-work it into another setting. Madame Bovary"
"Delphine Delamare Veronique Delphine Delamare (18228 March 1848), born Couturier, was a French housewife who took numerous lovers and later committed suicide. She was said to have been the inspiration for Gustave Flaubert's novel ""Madame Bovary"". Delamare was the daughter of a wealthy land owner. She married an unexciting country doctor, and being bored, she took various lovers. She committed suicide by taking prussic acid (known today as hydrogen cyanide). An article published 1848 in the 'Journal de Rouen' told about Doctor Delamare's wife's death in the village of Ry near Rouen, where the house of the Delamares and the"
"Alexandre Dumas fils Alexandre Dumas (; 27 July 1824 – 27 November 1895) was a French author and playwright, best known for the romantic novel ""La Dame aux Camélias"" (""The Lady of the Camellias""), published in 1848, which was adapted into Giuseppe Verdi's opera ""La traviata"" (""The Fallen Woman""), as well as numerous stage and film productions, usually titled ""Camille"" in English-language versions. Dumas (French for 'son') was the son of Alexandre Dumas ('father'), also a well-known playwright and author of classic works such as ""The Three Musketeers"". Dumas was admitted to the (French Academy) in 1874 and awarded the"
"Paul Féval, père Paul Henri Corentin Féval, ""père"" (29 September 1816 - 8 March 1887) was a French novelist and dramatist. He was the author of popular swashbuckler novels such as ""Le Loup blanc"" (1843) and the perennial best-seller ""Le Bossu"" (1857). He also penned the seminal vampire fiction novels ""Le Chevalier Ténèbre"" (1860), ""La Vampire"" (1865) and ""La Ville Vampire"" (1874) and wrote several celebrated novels about his native Brittany and Mont Saint-Michel such as ""La Fée des Grèves"" (1850). Féval's greatest claim to fame, however, is as one of the fathers of modern crime fiction. Because of its"
"1848 and went into opposition when Louis Napoleon was elected President on 10 December 1848. He was not reelected for the Legislative Assembly, and was enrolled in the bar of Paris. Sénard defended Gustave Flaubert and Léon Laurent-Pichat from charges of damaging public morals by writing and publishing ""Madame Bovary"", and won their acquittal in 1857. Flaubert later dedicated an edition of ""Madame Bovary"" to Sénard. After the Franco-Prussian War began, on 4 September 1870 the Government of National Defense sent Sénard on a mission to Florence to obtain support for France in Italy, and to seek clarification on the"
"1869. He and his publisher were charged with immorality for ""Madame Bovary"". Both were acquitted, and the publicity from the trial helped make the novel a notable artistic and commercial success. The most important poet of the Second Empire was Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), who published ""Les fleurs du mal"" in 1860. He also ran into trouble with the censors, and was charged with an offense to public morality. He was convicted and fined, and six poems were suppressed, but he appealed, the fine was reduced, and the suppressed poems eventually appeared. His work was attacked by the critic of ""Le"
"Bovarysme Bovarysme is a term derived from Gustave Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"" (1857). It denotes a tendency toward escapist daydreaming in which the dreamer imagines himself or herself to be a hero or heroine in a romance, whilst ignoring the everyday realities of the situation. The eponymous Madame Bovary is an example of this. In his essay ""Shakespeare and the Stoicism of Seneca"" (1927), T. S. Eliot suggested Othello's last great speech as an example: ""I do not believe that any writer has ever exposed this ""bovarysme"", the human will to see things as they are not, more clearly than Shakespeare."""
"Bovarysme Bovarysme is a term derived from Gustave Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"" (1857). It denotes a tendency toward escapist daydreaming in which the dreamer imagines himself or herself to be a hero or heroine in a romance, whilst ignoring the everyday realities of the situation. The eponymous Madame Bovary is an example of this. In his essay ""Shakespeare and the Stoicism of Seneca"" (1927), T. S. Eliot suggested Othello's last great speech as an example: ""I do not believe that any writer has ever exposed this ""bovarysme"", the human will to see things as they are not, more clearly than Shakespeare."""
"books are so full, on which we are brought up, with which we are lulled to sleep, through which they hypnotize us in order the better to deceive the kind little folk, to enslave them the more easily, to butcher them the more foully."" Le Calvaire Le Calvaire (""Calvary"") is a novel written by the French journalist, novelist and playwright Octave Mirbeau, and published by Ollendorff in 1886. ""Le Calvaire"" is a largely autobiographical novel, in which Mirbeau romanticizes his devastating affair with a woman of dubious morals, Judith Vinmer, who appears as ""Juliette Roux"" in the novel. The story"
"Mary Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (née Godwin; 30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel ""Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus"" (1818). She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her father was the political philosopher William Godwin, and her mother was the philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. After Wollstonecraft's death less than a month after her daughter Mary was born, Mary was raised by Godwin, who was able to provide his daughter"
"of the last century—and rather locally, in France, with Baudelaire in literature and Manet in painting, and perhaps with Flaubert, too, in prose fiction. (It was a while later, and not so locally, that Modernism appeared in music and architecture)."" The poet Baudelaire's ""Les Fleurs du mal"" (""The Flowers of Evil""), and Flaubert's novel ""Madame Bovary"" were both published in 1857. In the arts and letters, two important approaches developed separately in France, beginning in the 1860s. The first was Impressionism, a school of painting that initially focused on work done, not in studios, but outdoors (""en plein air""). Impressionist"
"unhappily confined to a chair, dying in Paris. His best-known works included ""Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges"" (1840), ""Les Oeufs de Paques"" (1856) and ""Le Pauvre Diable"" (reprinted 1871). Roger de Beauvoir Roger de Beauvoir (8 November 1806, Paris – 27 August 1866) was the pen name of French Romantic novelist and playwright Eugène Auguste Roger de Bully. His wit, good-looks and adventurous lifestyle made him well known in Paris, where he was a friend of Alexandre Dumas, père. Of independent means, he wed actress and author Léocadie Doze in 1847. He was imprisoned for three months and fined 500 francs"
"Le Calvaire Le Calvaire (""Calvary"") is a novel written by the French journalist, novelist and playwright Octave Mirbeau, and published by Ollendorff in 1886. ""Le Calvaire"" is a largely autobiographical novel, in which Mirbeau romanticizes his devastating affair with a woman of dubious morals, Judith Vinmer, who appears as ""Juliette Roux"" in the novel. The story is narrated in the first person by the main character, the antihero Jean Mintie, who has literary ambition and the potential to become a good writer, is incapable of overcoming his sexual obsessions. Victimized by a woman and reduced to a state of humiliated"
"are marked with a ""(CC)"" and those from ""The Other Mary Shelley"" with an ""(OMS)"". Mary Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (née Godwin; 30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel ""Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus"" (1818). She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her father was the political philosopher William Godwin, and her mother was the philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. After Wollstonecraft's death less than a month after her daughter"
"Gemma Bovery Gemma Bovery () is a graphic novel written by Posy Simmonds. Originally published as a serial in ""The Guardian"", it was published in book form in 1999. It is the tragicomic story of the life and death of an English expatriate in Normandy, drawing many parallels to Gustave Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"". The story opens with Raymond Joubert, a baker in the (fictional) Bailleville, near Rouen in Normandy, reflecting on the recent death of Gemma Bovery, an English woman who lived in the village. Joubert blames himself for her death. During a visit to Gemma's widower Charlie, Joubert discovers"
"Madame Favart Madame Favart is an opéra comique, or operetta, in three acts by Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto was written by Alfred Duru and Henri Charles Chivot. After defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) ended Napoleon II's reign, Offenbach's popularity declined in Paris, and he toured Britain and the United States. He continued producing new operettas in Paris, but most of the decade would pass before he enjoyed another hit. ""Madame Favart"" was first staged at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques in Paris on 28 December 1878, starring Juliette Simon-Girard in the title role and Simon-Max as Hector de Boispréau;"
"son, Paul Féval, fils (1860–1933) also became a prolific writer. Paul Féval, père Paul Henri Corentin Féval, ""père"" (29 September 1816 - 8 March 1887) was a French novelist and dramatist. He was the author of popular swashbuckler novels such as ""Le Loup blanc"" (1843) and the perennial best-seller ""Le Bossu"" (1857). He also penned the seminal vampire fiction novels ""Le Chevalier Ténèbre"" (1860), ""La Vampire"" (1865) and ""La Ville Vampire"" (1874) and wrote several celebrated novels about his native Brittany and Mont Saint-Michel such as ""La Fée des Grèves"" (1850). Féval's greatest claim to fame, however, is as one"
"in the novel ""The Ladies"" by Doris Grumbach (1984). Anna Seward Anna Seward (12 December 174225 March 1809) was a long-eighteenth-century English Romantic poet, often called the Swan of Lichfield. Seward was the eldest of two surviving daughters of Thomas Seward (1708–1790), prebendary of Lichfield and Salisbury, and author, and his wife Elizabeth. Elizabeth Seward later had three further children (John, Jane and Elizabeth) who all died in infancy, and two stillbirths. Anna Seward mourned their loss in her poem ""Eyam"" (1788). Born in 1742 at Eyam, a small mining village in the Peak District of Derbyshire where her father"
"La Dame aux Camélias La Dame aux Camélias (literally The Lady with the Camellias, commonly known in English as Camille) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas ""fils"", first published in 1848 and subsequently adapted by Dumas for the stage. ""La Dame aux Camélias"" premiered at the Théâtre du Vaudeville in Paris, France on February 2, 1852. The play was an instant success, and Giuseppe Verdi immediately set about putting the story to music. His work became the 1853 opera ""La traviata"", with the female protagonist, Marguerite Gautier, renamed Violetta Valéry. In the English-speaking world, ""La Dame aux Camélias"" became known"
"£60,000 as part of the biennial award. She is widely considered ""one of the most original minds in American fiction today."" Lydia Davis Lydia Davis (born July 15, 1947) is an American writer noted for literary works of extreme brevity (commonly called ""flash fiction""). Davis is also a short story writer, novelist, essayist, and translator from French and other languages, and has produced several new translations of French literary classics, including ""Swann’s Way"" by Marcel Proust and ""Madame Bovary"" by Gustave Flaubert. Davis was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, on July 15, 1947. She is the daughter of Robert Gorham Davis,"
"Simone de Beauvoir Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (; ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory. De Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, biographies, autobiography and monographs on philosophy, politics and social issues. She was known for her 1949 treatise ""The Second Sex"", a detailed analysis of women's oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism; and for her novels, including ""She Came to Stay"" and"
"Simone de Beauvoir Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (; ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory. De Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, biographies, autobiography and monographs on philosophy, politics and social issues. She was known for her 1949 treatise ""The Second Sex"", a detailed analysis of women's oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism; and for her novels, including ""She Came to Stay"" and"
"Paris in 1889. Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai (12 June 1760 – 25 August 1797) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, politician, and diplomat. Born in Paris as the son of a stationer, he became a bookseller's clerk, and first attracted attention with the first part of his novel ""Les Amours du chevalier de Faublas"" (Paris, 1787; English translation illustrated by etchings by Louis Monzies in 1898); it was followed in 1788 by ""Six semaines de la vie du chevalier de Faublas"" and in 1790 by ""La Fin des amours du chevalier de Faublas"". The heroine, Lodoiska,"
"to target Flaubert. However, Colet's book has failed to have the lasting significance of ""Madame Bovary"". Flaubert's dozens of long letters to her, in 1846–1847, then especially between 1851 and 1855, are one of the many joys of his correspondence. Many of them are a precious source of information on the progress of the writing of ""Madame Bovary"". In many others, Flaubert gives lengthy appreciations and critical comments on the poems that Louise Colet sent to him for his judgment before offering them for publication. The most interesting of these comments show the vast differences between her and him on"
"Sarah Grand, Mona Caird, George Egerton, Ella D'Arcy and Ella Hepworth Dixon. Some examples of New Woman literature are Victoria Cross's ""Anna Lombard"" (1901), Dixon's ""The Story of a Modern Woman"" and H. G. Wells's ""Ann Veronica"" (1909). Kate Chopin's ""The Awakening"" (1899) also deserves mention, especially within the context of narratives derived from Flaubert's ""Madame Bovary"" (1856), both of which chronicle a woman's doomed search for independence and self-realization through sexual experimentation. The emergence of the fashion-oriented and party-going flapper in the 1920s marks the end of the New Woman era (now also known as First-wave feminism). Women artists"
"and ran for 155 performances in the West End. Frederick Lonsdale Frederick Lonsdale (5 February 1881 – 4 April 1954) was an English playwright known for his librettos to several successful musicals early in the 20th century, including ""King of Cadonia"" (1908), ""The Balkan Princess"" (1910), ""Betty"" (1915), ""The Maid of the Mountains"" (1917), ""Monsieur Beaucaire"" (1919) and ""Madame Pompadour"" (1923). He also wrote comedy plays, including ""The Last of Mrs. Cheyney"" (1925) and ""On Approval"" (1927) and the murder melodrama ""But for the Grace of God"" (1946). Some of his plays and musicals were made into films, and he"