"by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel. The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: , Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, , Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Strict adherence to the prescribed spelling words is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion that the spelling alphabet is designed to overcome. As noted in a"
"NATO phonetic alphabet The NATO phonetic alphabet, officially denoted as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, and also commonly known as the ICAO phonetic alphabet, and in a variation also known officially as the ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet. Although often called ""phonetic alphabets"", spelling alphabets are unrelated to phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned codewords acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet, so that critical combinations of letters and numbers are most likely to be pronounced and understood"
"the word, letter Ů is used instead. Ú/ú is the 24th letter of the Faroese alphabet, and may represent the following sounds: Ú/ú is the 36th letter of the Hungarian alphabet and represents a sound. Ú/ú is the 25th letter of the Icelandic alphabet, and represents a sound. In Pinyin (Mandarin Chinese transliterated to Latin), Ú/ú represents a ""U"" vowel sound of the second (rising) tone. Ú/ú is the 39th letter of the Slovak alphabet and represents a sound. In Portuguese, the ""ú"" is not a letter but the letter ""u"" with an accent. It is used to denote an"
"Q, R, eSses, Toc, U, Vic, W, X, Y, Z"". By 1921, the RAF ""Telephony Spelling Alphabet"" had been adopted by all three armed services, and was then made mandatory for UK civil aviation, as announced in Notice to Airmen Number 107. In 1956, the NATO phonetic alphabet was adopted due to the RAF's wide commitments with NATO and worldwide sharing of civil aviation facilities. Allied Military phonetic spelling alphabets The Allied Military phonetic spelling alphabets prescribe the words that are used to represent each letter of the alphabet, when spelling other words out loud, letter-by-letter, and how the spelling"
"Ú Ú or ú (U with acute) is a Latin letter used in the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak writing systems. This letter also appears in Dutch, Irish, Occitan, Pinyin, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Galician, and Vietnamese as a variant of the letter ""U"". Ú/ú is the 34th letter of the Czech alphabet and represents a sound. It is always the first letter of the word except in compound words, such as ""trojúhelník"" triangle, which is composed of two words: ""troj"", which is derived from ""tři"" three, and ""úhel"", which means angle. If this letter is in the middle of"
"underlined syllable of each letter word should be emphasized, and each syllable of the code words for the figures (1969–Present) should be equally emphasized. The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the International Civil Aviation Organization for international aircraft communications. The ITU-R Radiotelephony Alphabet is used by the International Maritime Organization for international marine communications. NATO phonetic alphabet The NATO phonetic alphabet, officially denoted as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, and also commonly known as the ICAO phonetic alphabet, and in a variation also known officially as the ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code, is the most widely used radiotelephone"
"""u"" syllable with abnormal stress. Ú/ú is a variant of U carrying an acute accent; it represents an /u/ carrying the tonic accent. It is used only if it is the last letter of the word except in dictionaries. Same as Portuguese (see above) Ú Ú or ú (U with acute) is a Latin letter used in the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak writing systems. This letter also appears in Dutch, Irish, Occitan, Pinyin, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Galician, and Vietnamese as a variant of the letter ""U"". Ú/ú is the 34th letter of the Czech alphabet and represents a"
"make it available publicly. The spelling alphabet is now also defined in other unclassified international military documents. The NATO alphabet appeared in some United States Air Force Europe publications during the Cold War. A particular example was the Ramstein Air Base, Telephone Directory published between 1969 and 1973 (currently out of print). The USA and NATO versions had differences and the translation was provided as a convenience. Differences included Alfa, Bravo and Able, Baker for the first two letters. The NATO phonetic spelling alphabet was first adopted on January 1, 1956, while the ICAO radiotelephony spelling alphabet was still undergoing"
"Ü Ü, or ü, is a character that typically represents a close front rounded vowel . It is classified as a separate letter in several extended Latin alphabets (including Azeri, Estonian, Hungarian and Turkish), but as the letter U with an umlaut/diaeresis in others such as Catalan, French, Galician, German, Occitan and Spanish. Although not a part of their alphabet, it also appears in languages such as Swedish when retained in foreign names and words, and Swedish spells said letter and sound in domestic words solely as Y. A small number of Dutch words also use this as a diaeresis."
"as ASCII, U-umlaut is frequently replaced with the two-letter combination ""ue"". Software for optical character recognition sometimes sees it falsely as ""ii"". The letter Ü is present in the Hungarian, French, Turkish, Uyghur Latin, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Tatar, Kazakh Latin and Tatar Latin alphabets, where it represents a close front rounded vowel . It is considered a distinct letter, collated separately, not a simple modification of U or Y, and is distinct from ""UE"". This same letter appears in the Chinese Romanisations pinyin, Wade-Giles, and the German-based Lessing-Othmer, where it represents the same sound : 綠/lü (green) or 女/nü"
"two parts: The first four digits are the NATO Supply Classification Group (NSCG) code. This relates the item to the NATO Supply Group (digits 1 & 2) and NATO Supply Class (digits 3 & 4) of similar items that it belongs to. For examples, see ""List of NATO Supply Classification Groups"". The next 9 digits make up the National Item Identification Number / NATO Item Identification Number (NIIN). The NIIN has lately become alphanumeric (digits and uppercase letters) due to the vast array of items in the NSN, recently adopting the use of the uppercase letter C in place of"
"or higher. For example, the collective ""Checkmate"" might be assigned to an entire company and thus ""Checkmate Red 6"" would be the first platoon leader (platoons are red for first, white for second, blue for third, black for headquarters, and often additional colors for other portions under the command), ""Checkmate white 6"" to the second platoon leader, etc. ""Checkmate 6"" is the Company Commander and ""Checkmate 6 Romeo"" is the commander's radio-telephone operator (Romeo the NATO phonetic of the letter R). Under NATO conventions, 6 is designated the commander or leader, 5 the second-in-command or executive officer, 7 the chief"
"U U (named ""u"" , plural ""ues"") is the 21st letter and the fifth vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is preceded by T, and is followed by V. The letter u ultimately comes from the Phoenician letter ""waw"" by way of the letter y. See the letter y for details. During the late Middle Ages, two forms of 'v' developed, which were both used for its ancestor 'u' and modern 'v'. The pointed form 'v' was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form 'u' was used in the middle or end, regardless of"
"aircraft, or ""F""ulcrum for a fighter aircraft. A one syllable name refers to a propeller aircraft, a two syllable name to refers aircraft with jet engines. NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment of Russia, China, and, historically, the former Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manner in place of the original designations, which either may have been unknown to the Western world at the time or easily confused codes. For example, the Russian bomber jet Tupolev Tu-160 is"
"research, and published the new official phonetic alphabet in order to account for discrepancies that might arise in communications as a result of multiple alphabet naming systems coexisting in different places and organizations. NATO was in the process of adopting the ICAO spelling alphabet, and apparently felt enough urgency that it adopted the proposed new alphabet with changes based on NATO's own research, to become effective on January 1, 1956, but quickly issued a new directive on March 1, 1956 adopting the now official ICAO spelling alphabet, which had changed by one word (November) from NATO's earlier request to ICAO"
"it is used as a replacement for the former letter to represent close front rounded vowel in situations where it would be easilly confused with Cyrillic letter У у. It is romanized as in Kazakh. In Polish, uppercase ""Latin"" Ұ (not in Unicode) is a stylistic variant of ""Y"". Kazakh Short U Kazakh Short U (Ұ ұ; italics: ""Ұ ұ"") is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In Unicode, this letter is called ""Straight U with stroke"". Its form is the Cyrillic letter Ue (Ү ү ""Ү ү"") with a horizontal line through it. It is similar to the symbol"
"represent the sound in words like ""fûrono"" (they were). Û is used in ""Latin Kurmanjî"" in the Kurdish alphabet to represent a close central rounded vowel, . In the Masovian dialect, ""û"" represents /ju:/. Û indicates palatalization of the preceding consonant: ""sükûnet"" (""quietness"") is pronounced . In Welsh, ""û"" is used to represent a long stressed ""u"" or when, without the circumflex, it would be pronounced as a short or : ""cytûn"" ""agreed"", ""bûm"" ""I was"" as opposed to ""bum"" ""five"" (soft-mutated prenominal form). Û Û, û (u-circumflex) is a letter of the Kurdish alphabet. It also appears in Emilian-Romagnol,"
"Swedish Armed Forces radio alphabet The Swedish Armed Forces' radio alphabet was a radiotelephony alphabet made up of Swedish two-syllable male names with the exception of Z which is just the name of the letter as pronounced in Swedish. The Swedish Armed Forces are since 2006 instructed to use the NATO alphabet instead of the original Swedish alphabet, along with and adaption of the NATO voice procedures to communicate, since most activity is in various international UN and NATO missions. This has been changed back again since the administrative authorities are required to use the Swedish language according to Swedish"
"law even the Swedish Armed Forces. Swedish Armed Forces radio alphabet The Swedish Armed Forces' radio alphabet was a radiotelephony alphabet made up of Swedish two-syllable male names with the exception of Z which is just the name of the letter as pronounced in Swedish. The Swedish Armed Forces are since 2006 instructed to use the NATO alphabet instead of the original Swedish alphabet, along with and adaption of the NATO voice procedures to communicate, since most activity is in various international UN and NATO missions. This has been changed back again since the administrative authorities are required to use"
"Û Û, û (u-circumflex) is a letter of the Kurdish alphabet. It also appears in Emilian-Romagnol, French, Friulian, and Turkish languages as a variant of the letter “u”. This letter was used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Cyrillic transliteration as the letter Ю and also in Wade-Giles (one of the romanization systems in Chinese) for apical dental unrounded vowel as in ""tzû"", ""tz'û"", ""ssû"", corresponds to present ""zi"", ""ci"", ""si"" in Pinyin respectively. It is also in Taos. In Afrikaans, û is a punctuated form of u and a usage example includes ""brûe"", plural of ""brug"" (= bridge). Û"
"U (Cyrillic) U (У у; italics: ""У у"") is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of in ""boot"". The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are similar to the lowercase of the Latin letter Y (Y y; ""Y y""), but like most other Cyrillic letters, the upper and lowercase forms are similar in shape and differ mainly in size and vertical placement. Historically, Cyrillic U evolved as a specifically East Slavic short form of the digraph used in ancient Slavic texts to represent . The digraph was"
"Ŭ Ŭ or ŭ is a letter in the Esperanto alphabet, based on ""u"". It is also used in the Belarusian language, when written in the 20th-century form of the Belarusian Latin alphabet. The accent mark (diacritic) is known as a breve. This letter should not be confused with u-caron, which is used to indicate u in the third tone of Chinese language pinyin; Compare (caron) with (breve). The letter ""ŭ"" is called ""non-syllabic u"" (romanised: ""u nieskładovaje"") in Belarusian because it resembles the vowel ""u"" but forms no syllables. It is an allophone of that forms the diphthongs ""aŭ,"
"near-front unrounded vowel () in Southern dialects. In Northern dialects, the corresponding long and short vowels are a long close central unrounded vowel () and a short lowered close central unrounded vowel (), respectively. and are represented by . The symbol 'U' is the chemical symbol for uranium. In the context of Newtonian mechanics 'U' is the symbol for the potential energy of a system. 'u' is the symbol for the atomic mass unit and 'U' is the symbol for one Enzyme unit. In IPA, the close back rounded vowel is represented by the lower case ⟨u⟩. U is also"
"represents [uː] in Emilian dialects: in the Bolognese dialect, ""anvûd"" [aŋˈvuːd] means ""nephews"". In French, û does not change the pronunciation of the letter ""u"" except in ""jeune"" ""young"", which is still often pronounced differently from ""jeûne"" ""a fast"". In some other words like ""mû,"" the circumflex has no disambiguating value; attempts have been made to abolish it in such words. See Circumflex in French. Û also often appears in words that used to have an ""s"" after the ""u"": the French word for August, ""août"", used to be written ""aoust"". Û represents the sound . Û occasionally used to"
"in computer character encodings such as ISO 8859-1. As a result, there was no way to differentiate between the three different characters. While Unicode theoretically provides a solution, this is almost never used. The methods available for entering and from the keyboard depend on the operating system, the keyboard layout, and the application. Ü Ü, or ü, is a character that typically represents a close front rounded vowel . It is classified as a separate letter in several extended Latin alphabets (including Azeri, Estonian, Hungarian and Turkish), but as the letter U with an umlaut/diaeresis in others such as Catalan,"
"Company"" even after the U.S. military switched in 1956 from the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet (B for Baker) to the NATO phonetic alphabet (B for Bravo). In a 2002 speech about the Chosin Reservoir battle, General Ray Davis said that Lee was the bravest Marine he ever knew. In 2000, the California Military Museum mounted an exhibit describing the bravery and military service of the three Lee brothers. Lee is a member of the Legion of Valor, and represented the group in a meeting with President George W. Bush in 2007. The story of Lee's bravery in the Korean War"
"a modified form of the ""International Code of Signals"". Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or Morse code, it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by ""voice"" its ""phonetic alphabet"". The name ""NATO phonetic alphabet"" became widespread because the signals used to facilitate the naval communications and tactics of NATO have become global. However, ATP-1 is marked ""NATO Confidential"" (or the lower ""NATO Restricted"") so it is not available publicly. Nevertheless, a NATO unclassified version of the document is provided to foreign, even hostile, militaries, even though they are not allowed to"
"U with macron (Cyrillic) U with macron (Ӯ ӯ; italics: ""Ӯ ӯ "") is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Cyrillic letter U (У у ""У у ""). U with macron is used in the alphabet of the Tajik language, where it represents the close-mid central rounded vowel, . Accordingly, although the letter shape is a modification of , the only aspect of the sound shared with is that both are relatively close, rounded vowels. In 1937, it was also proposed for use in the Karelian Cyrillic alphabet to represent , but was not adopted. U with"
"terms are sometimes also seen within NATO. Thus, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the CHOD of the United States, the Chief of the Defence Staff is the CHOD of United Kingdom, and the Chief of Defence (""Forsvarssjefen"") is the CHOD of Norway. Both NATO and EU occasionally hold CHODs meetings of the NATO Military Committee and the European Union Military Committee respectively. Within member states of NATO, the following national positions are the CHOD positions. Sometimes more than one form of translation into English is encountered. Within the EU member states that are not members of"
"substitutes, the ICAO/ITU code words for the two letters are used. Czech ""ů"", historically ""uo"", is ""Uniform-Oscar"" (uo). In Danish and Norwegian the letters ""æ"", ""ø"" and ""å"" have their own code words. In Danish ""Ægir"", ""Ødis"" and ""Åse"" represent the three letters, while in Norwegian the three code words are ""Ægir"", ""Ørnulf"" and ""Ågot"" for civilians and ""Ærlig"", ""Østen"" and ""Åse"" for military personnel. Estonian has 4 special letters, ""õ"", ""ä"", ""ö"" and ""ü"". ""Õnne"" represents ""õ"", ""Ärni"" for ""ä"", ""Ööbik"" for ""ö"" and ""Ülle"" for ""ü"". In Finnish there are special code words for the letters ""å"", ""ä"""
"was the 19th letter and was pronounced ""wah""; there was an equivalent letter in the old Baybayin script of the Philippines. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, is used for the voiced labial-velar approximant. W is the symbol for the chemical element tungsten, after its German (and alternative English) name, ""Wolfram"". It is also the SI symbol for the watt, the standard unit of power. Double-u, whose name reflects stages in the letter's evolution when it was considered two of the same letter, a double U, is the only modern English letter whose name has more than one syllable. It is"
"east (see List of UTC time offsets). The time zone using UTC is sometimes denoted or by the letter ""Z""—a reference to the equivalent nautical time zone (GMT), which has been denoted by a ""Z"" since about 1950. Time zones were identified by successive letters of the alphabet and the Greenwich time zone was marked by a ""Z"" as it was the point of origin. The letter also refers to the ""zone description"" of zero hours, which has been used since 1920 (see time zone history). Since the NATO phonetic alphabet word for ""Z"" is ""Zulu"", UTC is sometimes known"
"by a consonant, it mutates to the letter Short U (Ў ў), a Belarusian letter representing the sound . E.g., the Belarusian noun ""language"" is (""mova""), but the adjectival form is (""mowny""), and the genitive plural of the noun (formed by removing the final ) is (""mow""). In Serbian, the letter Ve represents only the sound /v/. In Macedonian the letter is used for the sound /v/, but if the letter appears at the end of the word then it is pronounced as /f/. An example of this is the word бев [bɛf] ('I was'). In Slovene and Tuvan, it"