"Columbus Day Columbus Day is a national holiday in many countries of the Americas and elsewhere which officially celebrates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas on October 12, 1492. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who set sail across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a faster route to the New World. His first voyage to the New World on the Spanish ships the Santa María, Niña"","" and La Pinta took approximately three months. Columbus and his crew's arrival to the New World initiated the Columbian Exchange which introduced the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations,"
"Niña La Niña (Spanish for ""The Girl"") was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492. As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day, she bore a female saint's name, Santa Clara. However, she was commonly referred to by her nickname, ""La Niña,"" which was probably a pun on the name of her owner, Juan Niño of Moguer. She was a standard caravel-type vessel. The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the caravel-type and the carrack-type . ""Niña"" was by far Columbus' favorite. She"
"at the Wharf of the Caravels in Palos de la Frontera). The historic San Francisco restaurant Bernstein's Fish Grotto was designed to look like ""Niña"". Niña La Niña (Spanish for ""The Girl"") was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492. As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day, she bore a female saint's name, Santa Clara. However, she was commonly referred to by her nickname, ""La Niña,"" which was probably a pun on the name of her owner, Juan Niño of Moguer. She was"
"Vicente Yáñez Pinzón Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and ""conquistador"", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (""c."" 1441 – ""c."" 1493), who captained the ""Pinta"", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the ""Niña"". Scholars believe his claims of fortune raised by him fueled the dispossession of many of the people in the Caribbean. Pinzón was born in Palos de la Frontera on the Atlantic coast of"
"ships. The largest was a carrack (Spanish: ""nao""), the ""Santa María"" ex-""Gallega"" (""Galician""). The other two were smaller caravels. The name of one is lost: it is known today only by the nickname ""Pinta"", which in Castilian of the time meant ""painted one"". The ""Santa Clara"" was nicknamed affectionately the ""Niña"" (""the little one""), a pun on the name of her owner, Juan Niño of Moguer. The monarchs forced the citizens of Palos to contribute to the expedition. The ""Santa María"" was owned by Juan de la Cosa and captained by Columbus. The ""Pinta"" and the ""Niña"" were piloted by"
"Martín Alonso Pinzón Martín Alonso Pinzón, (; Palos de la Frontera, Huelva; c. 1441 – c. 1493) was a Spanish mariner, shipbuilder, navigator and explorer, oldest of the Pinzón brothers. He sailed with Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World in 1492, as captain of the ""Pinta"". His youngest brother Vicente Yáñez Pinzón was captain of the ""Niña"", and the middle brother Francisco Martín Pinzón was ""maestre"" (first mate) of the ""Pinta"". The Pinzón family was among the leading families of Palos de la Frontera in the late 15th century. There are several conflicting theories about the"
"Haiti on December 25, 1492, and was lost. Realizing that the ship was beyond repair, Columbus ordered his men to strip the timbers from the ship. The timbers from the ship were later used to build Môle Saint-Nicolas, which was originally called ""La Navidad"" (Christmas) because the wreck occurred on Christmas Day. Following the sinking of the Santa Maria and the temporary loss of the Pinta, Columbus, who longed to return to Spain to announce his discoveries, chose to leave behind 36 men who did not fit in the Nina for the return trip. Along with Diego de Arana were"
"Santa María (ship) La Santa María de la Inmaculada Concepción (Spanish for: The Holy Mary of the Immaculate Conception), or La Santa María, originally La Gallega, was the largest of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. Her master and owner was Juan de la Cosa. ""Santa María"" was built in Pontevedra, Galicia, in Spain's north-west region. ""Santa María"" was probably a medium-sized nau (carrack), about long on deck, and according to Juan Escalante de Mendoza in 1575, ""Santa Maria"" was """"very little larger than"" 100 toneladas"" (about 100 tons,"
"circular wind pattern, clockwise in direction, in both legs of his voyage. At 8:00 on the morning of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Castilian Palos de la Frontera (on the river Saltes, at the confluence of the rivers Rio Tinto and Rio Odiel). Columbus and his crew embarked on a voyage to find a shorter route to India and the Orient with three medium-sized ships, the ""Niña"" (real name ""Santa Clara""), the ""Pinta"", and the ""Santa Maria"". The ships were the property of Juan de la Cosa and the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso Pinzón and Vicente Yáñez Pinzón), but"
"1492, the ""Santa María"", ""Pinta"", and ""Niña"" left Palos on their voyage of discovery. Admiral Columbus captained the flagship ""Santa María"", Pinzón was captain of the ""Pinta""; his middle brother Francisco was master. It was from the ""Pinta"" that Rodrigo de Triana would be the first to sight land in the Americas. During the voyage, Pinzón demonstrated on several occasions his gifts as an expert mariner and as a leader. When the tiller of the ""Pinta"" broke ""en route"" to the Canary Islands, Columbus, who could not get close enough to help from the ""Santa María"": These and other acts"
"scale. Christopher Columbus set sail in the ""Santa Maria"" on what is probably history’s most well known voyage of discovery on August 3, 1492. Leaving from the town of Palos, in southern Spain, Columbus headed west. After a brief stop in the Canary Islands for provisions and repairs, he set out for Asia. He reached San Salvador first, it is believed, (easternmost of the Bahamas) in October, and then sailed past Cuba and Hispaniola, still searching for Asia. He returned home in 1493 to a hero's welcome, and within six months had 1,500 men and 17 vessels at his command."
"storing ships that would be able to join them. They needed a ship that would be a huge storehouse of supplies as well as be able to have the consolidated power of a caravel, hence the invention of naus. Caravels and naus created an unmatchable team for explorers. Columbus used one nau, the Santa Maria, and two caravels, the Pinta and Niña, on his journey across the Atlantic. It was so successful because it had defensive armaments and the team was highly maneuverable; they were similar to floating batteries of firepower. Vasco da Gama saw the success of Columbus and"
"or tuns) burthen, or burden, and was used as the flagship for the expedition. ""Santa María"" had a single deck and three small masts. The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the smaller caravel-type ships ""Santa Clara""; one particular ship sailed for 46 years and was remembered as ""La Niña"" (""""The Girl""""), and ""La Pinta"" (""""The Painted""""). All these ships were second-hand (if not third- or more) and were not intended for exploration. ""Niña"", ""Pinta"", and the ""Santa María"" were modest-sized merchant vessels comparable in size to a modern cruising yacht. The exact measurements of length and width of"
"of the fleet commanded by Ferdinand Magellan that discovered the waterway around southern tip of the South American continent. Later, commanded by Juan Sebastian Elcano, she was the only ship of the five to complete the first-time circumnavigation of the globe. Commanded by Duarte Barbosa, ""Nao Victoria"" participated in the Discovery of Chile, being the first to explore the region in 1520, and discovering or naming Patagonia, Cape Virgenes, the Straits of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, the Pacific Ocean and other milestones. She is one of the most famous ships in history of navigation. ""James Caird"", was a lifeboat of"
"looking toward its surrounding gardens. Fontanilla The Fontanilla is the former public fountain of Palos de la Frontera in Spain where, according to tradition, these fountains provided the water for the ships of Cristopher Columbus's first voyage—the ""Santa María"", the ""Niña"", and the ""Pinta""—when, on 3 August 1492, they departed from Palos de la Frontera, captained by Columbus and by Palos's own Pinzón Brothers. That voyage is widely considered to constitute the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. La Fontanilla is the least dramatic, but perhaps the most original and authentic monument among the so-called ""Lugares colombinos"", the places in"
"João da Nova João da Nova (Galician spelling ""Xoán de Novoa"" or ""Joam de Nôvoa"", Spanish spelling ""Juan de Nova""; ; born c. 1460 in Maceda, Ourense, Galicia; died July 16, 1509 in Kochi, India) was a Galician explorer of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans at the service of Portugal. He is credited as the discoverer of Ascension and Saint Helena islands. The Juan de Nova Island, in the Mozambique Channel, is named after him. The Farquhar atoll (in the Seychelles) was, for a long time, known as the João da Nova islands. It is sometimes thought that the Agaléga"
"tribute, and decided to fund Christopher Columbus's expedition in the hope of bypassing Portugal's monopoly on west African sea routes, to reach ""the Indies"" (east and south Asia) by travelling west. Twice before, in 1485 and 1488, Columbus had presented the project to king John II of Portugal, who rejected it. On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera with three ships; one larger carrack, ""Santa María"", nicknamed ""Gallega"" (""the Galician""), and two smaller caravels, ""Pinta"" (""the Painted"") and ""Santa Clara"", nicknamed ""Niña"". Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, where he restocked for"
"La Navidad La Navidad was a settlement that Christopher Columbus and his men established in present-day Haiti in 1492 from the remains of the Spanish ship, the ""Santa María"". La Navidad was the first European colony established in the New World during the Age of Discovery, though it was destroyed the following year. Columbus sailed around the island of Hispaniola on Christmas Eve of 1492, during his first voyage. One of his ships, the Santa María, drifted onto a bank and heeled over. After hearing from Guacanagari that there was much gold to be had on the island, Columbus decided"
"New World, leaving Spain in May 1497 and returning in October 1498. However, some modern scholars have doubted that this voyage took place, and consider this letter a forgery. Whoever did write the letter makes several observations of native customs, including use of hammocks and sweat lodges. About 1499–1500, Vespucci joined an expedition in the service of Spain, with Alonso de Ojeda (or Hojeda) as the fleet commander. The intention was to sail around the southern end of the African mainland into the Indian Ocean. After hitting land at the coast of what is now Guyana, the two seem to"
"Columbus himself took command of ""Santa María"", Martin Alonso Pinzon of ""La Pinta"", and his brothers, Francis Martin and Vicente Yanez, of ""La Niña"". The whole company in all three ships likely numbered 90 men (Santa Maria-40, La Nina-24, La Pinta-26) although some historians cite 120 men. A replica of ""La Pinta"" was built by the Spanish government for the Columbian Naval Review of 1893. Along with replicas of ""Santa María"" and ""La Niña"", it participated in the review. Replicas are on display at In 2005, a replica of ""La Pinta""- although 15 feet longer and 8 feet wider than"
"Pedro Alonso Niño Pedro Alonso Niño (1455–c. 1505) was a Spanish explorer. Niño was a Moor. Born in Palos de Moguer, Spain, he explored the coasts of Africa in his early years. He piloted one of Columbus' ships in the expedition of 1492, and accompanied him during his third voyage that saw the discovery of Trinidad and the mouths of the Orinoco River. After returning to Spain, Niño made preparations to explore the Indies independently, looking for gold and pearls. Empowered by the Council of Castile to seek out new countries, avoiding those already found by Columbus, he committed to"
"maintain friendly, even loving, relations with the natives. He set sail from Cádiz, Spain, on September 24, 1493. The fleet for the second voyage was much larger: two naos and 15 caravels. The two naos were the flagship ""Marigalante"" and the ""Gallega""; the caravels were the ""Fraila"", ""San Juan"", ""Colina"", ""Gallarda"", ""Gutierre"", ""Bonial"", ""Rodriga"", ""Triana"", ""Vieja"", ""Prieta"", ""Gorda"", ""Cardera"", and ""Quintera"". The ""Niña"" returned for this expedition, which also included a ship named ""Pinta"" probably identical to that from the first expedition. In addition, the expedition saw the construction of the first ship in the Americas, the ""Santa Cruz"" or"
"all rights to Atlantic and African lands and seas, with the exception of the Canary Islands, which remained Castilian. Many natives of Palos nevertheless violated the agreement and encroached upon Portuguese sea routes in the Atlantic. On August 3, 1492, the Pinta, Niña, and Santa María sailed from Palos. On board were Christopher Columbus and the Pinzón Brothers, who were natives of Palos. Palos is also the site of the Rábida Monastery where Columbus consulted with the Franciscans about his plans for organizing an expedition of discovery. The three ships landed in America on October 12, 1492. The Santa María"
"Bartolomeu Dias who had just sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. Juan de la Cosa sailed with Christopher Columbus on his first three voyages to the New World. He owned and was master of the ""Santa María"", flagship of Columbus's first voyage in 1492. The vessel shipwrecked that year on the night of 24–25 December off the present-day site of Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. De la Cosa, in a notable act of cowardice (or treason, in Columbus's documented opinion), fled the sinking Santa Maria (his partial ownership of the vessel notwithstanding) in the flagship's boat, rather than endeavor to assist Columbus"
"Wharf of the Caravels The Wharf of the Caravels () is a museum in Palos de la Frontera, in the province of Huelva, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Its most prominent exhibits are replicas of Christopher Columbus's boats for his first voyage to the Americas, the ""Niña"", the ""Pinta"", and the ""Santa María"". These were built in 1992 for the Celebration of the Fifth Centenary of the Discovery of the Americas. The replica caravels were built between 1990 and 1992, put through shakedown voyages and then, in 1992, sailed the route of Columbus's voyage. The museum is operated by the"
"the Americas. Columbus took command of the ""Niña""; Martín Alonso Pinzón retained command of the ""Pinta"". On March 15, 1493, after having touched down at the Azores and at Lisbon, the ""Niña"" arrived on the banks of the Río Tinto in the Spanish province of Huelva. Columbus, the Niño brothers and the rest of the crew from Moguer headed immediately to Moguer, bringing with them some Caribbean natives whom they had taken on their voyage back, and also bringing several parrots. The people of Moguer greeted them happily; Columbus and his crew headed promptly to the Santa Clara Monastery to"
"possible to complete the project in time for the celebration of the bicentennial in 2010, the project’s creator received a Presidential Medal from the President of Chile. Victoria (ship) Victoria (or Nao ""Victoria, as well as Vittoria"") was a Spanish carrack and the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world. ""Victoria"" was part of a Spanish expedition commanded by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, and after his death during the voyage, by Juan Sebastián Elcano. The expedition began on August 10, 1519 with five ships. However, ""Victoria"" was the only ship to complete the voyage, returning on September 6, 1522."
"Queen Isabella I of Castille. Columbus's Letter on the First Voyage of his discovery of the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola spread the news across Europe quickly. Columbus rediscovered and explored much of the Lesser Antilles in his second voyage then discovered both Trinidad and Tobago on his third voyage whilst skirting the northern South American coast. His fourth voyage was spent scanning the Central American coast. The Voyages of Christopher Columbus opened the New World. Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497,"
"Fontanilla The Fontanilla is the former public fountain of Palos de la Frontera in Spain where, according to tradition, these fountains provided the water for the ships of Cristopher Columbus's first voyage—the ""Santa María"", the ""Niña"", and the ""Pinta""—when, on 3 August 1492, they departed from Palos de la Frontera, captained by Columbus and by Palos's own Pinzón Brothers. That voyage is widely considered to constitute the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. La Fontanilla is the least dramatic, but perhaps the most original and authentic monument among the so-called ""Lugares colombinos"", the places in Huelva closely associated with Columbus's"
"The new project is called ""El Niño, La Mar y La Paz"" (The boy, the Sea and The peace). It consists of carrying a child and thirteen crew aboard a trimaran named ""Itzamna"" (the Mayan god of knowledge). It set sail in 2009 from the Mexican island Cozumel. At each of the 27 ports it will be visited to deliver a message of peace to the world and make a tribute to all mariners in history. The Cantabrian navigator Vital Alsar, aboard the Trimaran Zamná - God of the arts and the knowledge- is in the heat of transatlantic passage"
"told from the point of view of the sailors who made the voyage. The main item of interest at the museum is the trio of replica ships: the ""Pinta"", ""Niña"", and ""Santa María"". The replicas were fashioned in the fishing port of Isla Cristina in western Huelva province as part of the celebrations of the fifth centenary of the Discovery of the Americas, and were the principle motive to create the Wharf of the Caravels. They are now moored at a semicircular dock. Visitors can board and tour each ship for a firsthand view of their holds and cabins. Although"
"""The Islands of Unwisdom"", a historical novel by Robert Graves. Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira Álvaro de Mendaña y Neira (or Neyra) (October 1, 1542 – October 18, 1595) was a Spanish navigator. Born in Congosto, in El Bierzo Region (León), he was the nephew of Lope García de Castro, viceroy of Peru. He is best known for the two voyages of discovery he led into the Pacific in 1567 and 1595 in search of Terra Australis. Historian Brett Hilder has written of “ardent spirits in Peru, inspiring three Spanish voyages to the south west Pacific in the forty years"
"shown differs from other images, including that of the ""Virgin of the Navigators."" Footnotes Citations Bibliography Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered"