"École des ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris The École des ingénieurs de la ville de Paris or ""Engineering School of Paris City"" is the only French « Grande École d'ingenieurs», with an emphasis on urban engineering. Supported by the City of Paris, this higher education school is a member of the PRES Paris-Est, along with the École des Ponts. The top-level graduate school, which is already actively involved in networks bringing together distinguished schools of higher education, has taken another step by partnering with École des Ponts ParisTech. Established in 1959 to educate the junior civil servants for the"
"of the ""Belle Époque"", Paris was lit by a constellation of thousands of gaslights that were often admired by foreign visitors and helped give the city its nickname ""La Ville-Lumière"": the ""City of Light"". In 1870, there were 56,573 gaslights used exclusively to illuminate the streets of the city. The gas was produced by ten enormous factories around the edge of the city that were located near the circle of fortifications. It was distributed in pipes installed under the new boulevards and streets. The street lights were placed every twenty meters on the Grands Boulevards. At a predetermined minute after"
"night during the Second Empire were often admired by foreign visitors and helped give the city its nickname ""Ville-Lumiére"", the City of Light. At the beginning of the Empire, there were 8000 gas lights in the city; by 1870, there were 56,573 used exclusively to light the city streets. The gas was produced by ten enormous factories around the edge of the city located near the circle of fortifications and was distributed in pipes installed under the new boulevards and streets. Haussmann placed street lamps every twenty meters on the boulevards. At a predetermined minute after nightfall a small army"
"chose the name des Allumettières, in reference to local female workers in the matchstick industry during the region's early years, for the full length between Eardley Road and the Alexandra Bridge which will also replace the name ""Boulevard Saint-Laurent"" in the easternmost segment. The new name change was implemented in the western segment from Boulevard Saint-Raymond during the summer. Homes and businesses located along St-Laurent will have des Allumettières addresses now that the full length has opened (3 December 2007). The ""Allumettières"" were women who worked at the famous E.B.Eddy mill, making matches (allumettes--->allumettières). They became famous in 1919 and"
"2007 Rugby World Cup, and the 1960, 1984, and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city and, every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes there. The name ""Paris"" is derived from its early inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. The city's name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. Paris is often referred to as The City of Light (""La Ville Lumière""), both because of its leading role during the Age of Enlightenment, and more literally because Paris was one of the first European cities to adopt gas street lighting. In the 1860s, the"
"and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. But the light of the Gospel has made them vanish, and teaches us that these spirits were street-strollers and ruffians. In Paris the spirit was called ""le moine bourré""; at Orleans, ""le mulet odet""; at Blois ""le loup garon""; at Tours, ""le Roy Huguet""; and so on in other places. Now, it happens that those whom they called Lutherans were at that time so narrowly watched during the day that they were forced to wait till night to assemble, for"
"Institut Lumière The Institut Lumière (; ""Lumière Institute"") is a French organisation, based in Lyon, for the promotion and preservation of aspects of French film making. The Institut Lumière is a museum that honours the contribution to filmmaking by Auguste and Louis Lumière - inventors of the cinématographe and fathers of the cinema. It was founded in 1982 by Bernard Chardère and Maurice Trarieux-Lumière, the grandson of Louis Lumière. Bertrand Tavernier is its president and Thierry Frémaux is its director. The museum is located within the house of the Lumière family, in the Monplaisir quarter of Lyon. The film ""La"
"the Silver Plume valley and the town nestled at its base. Many tales circulate about the town. One involves its naming. According to records and legends, Louis Dupuy, the owner of the Hotel De Paris, was also a newspaper editor for the town. When miners from Silver Plume brought him samples of the town's ore and asked him what they should name the small camp, he allegedly wrote a short poem on the spot: Knights today are miners bold,<br> Who delve in deep mines' gloom,<br> To honor men who dig for gold,<br> For ladies whom their arms enfold,<br> We'll name"
"Armentières Armentières (; ) is a commune in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France. It is part of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole. The motto of the town is ""Pauvre mais fière"" (Poor but proud). Armentières lies on the Belgian border, northwest of the city of Lille, on the right bank of the river Lys. In 1668, the town became French, along with most of the rest of French Flanders. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, Armentières acquired fame, being the “City of Fabric”. The industrial weaving, spinning"
"this time. The elegant town park, the Jardin Dumaine, was donated to the inhabitants by local doctor Pierre-Hyacinthe Dumaine in 1872. Luçon Luçon () is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. Its inhabitants are known as Luçonnais. Luçon Cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Luçon (comprising the Vendée), where Cardinal Richelieu once served as bishop. Once a Roman town (‘Lucionensis’), Luçon takes its name from the Latin word for the northern pike (Lucius) and this fish decorates the coat of arms to this day. The town had an"
"their reddish-brown roofs. The ramparts that used to surround the town are gone but in their place is a wide boulevard and the narrow-streeted central part is a pedestrian area. The town has a distinctive sky-line with medieval towers projecting above the houses, and because of these, the town is sometimes called ""La ville aux sept tours"". The highest tower is that of the Church of Saint-Maur. There is an eighteenth-century market hall taking up most of the central cobbled square. Markets are held here on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and during late December or January there is an annual truffle"
"part in the parades and festivities. Typical of La Louvière’s celebrations is the so-called ""Brûlage des Bosses"" (“burning of the humps”), where a puppet dressed as a Gilles is burnt to symbolize the end of carnival and beginning of a new life. La Louvière used to have a top level football club in Belgian First Division: RAA Louviéroise. They won the Belgian Cup in 2003. the club no longer exists as it merged into a team based in another city and its La Louvière playground is now the home of third division semi-amateur club UR La Louvière Centre. La Louvière"
"Lutetian Limestone Lutetian Limestone (in French, ""calcaire lutécien"", and formerly ""calcaire grossier"") — also known as “Paris stone” — is a variety of limestone particular to the Paris, France, area. It has been a source of wealth as an economic and versatile building material since ancient Roman times (see Mines of Paris) and has contributed markedly to the unique visual appeal of the “City of Light”. (It has been hailed as “the warm, elusive, cream-grey stone of the French capital”.) Its formation dates to the Eocene epoch's Lutetian age (between ). The name ""Lutetian"" derives from Lutetia (French, ""Lutèce"") which"
"gastronomy, and historical and architectural landmarks; part of it is a registered as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk. Lyon played a significant role in the history of cinema: it is where Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematograph. It is also known for its light festival, the Fête des Lumières, which begins every 8 December and lasts for four days, earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights. Economically, Lyon is a major centre for banking, as well as for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries. The"
"a direct transport to Paris as an alternative to the RER railway. On 31 January 2006, in the Sénat during the 14th ceremony of the """"Prix du Trombinoscope 2005"""" (press awards), Manuel Valls was elected ""Local Representative of the Year"". With the heavy defeat of the Socialists on the national scale during the 2007 elections, Manuel Valls has taken a prominent position in the party and has been given the nickname of ""Le Sarko de la gauche"" (the left wing Sarkozy). During the 2008 municipal elections, Manuel Valls was returned to office as mayor on the first round with 70.3%"
"is known for the Catholic Basilica of Fourvière. The inauguration of the golden statue of the Virgin Mary on the north-west tower is the origin of the famous 8 December Festival of Lights, when the citizens of Lyon display candles (""lumignons"") at their windows. This festival now attracts hundreds of thousands of people into the streets of Lyon every year. Fourvière contains many religious buildings including convents, monasteries and chapels. It is known in Lyon as ""the hill that prays"". Fourviere is part of a UNESCO World Heritage site designated for the city of Lyon in 1998. Fourvière hill is"
"was the city's name in ancient times. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Lutetian limestone was extracted by tunneling through hill-sides south of Paris. The stone comprises many of the grandest Paris buildings from the 17th century onwards, including parts of the Louvre, the Place de la Concorde and Les Invalides. Haussmann's grand renovation of Paris (1853-1870), which provided a sweeping and uniform style and an elusive coloring — ranging from bright white to butter-yellow to a dull nicotine-yellow/grey — for the city, relied upon buildings faced with Lutetian limestone. In the 20th century, open-cast quarries were developed which uncovered"
"Mont-Laurier Mont-Laurier () is a town and incorporated municipality in northwest Quebec, Canada, located on the banks of the Rivière du Lièvre, a tributary of the Ottawa River. Known as the ""Capital of the Haute-Laurentides"", the motto of the town is ""Laurus elationis praemium"", which translates to ""Lift the laurels of reward"". The demonym for its inhabitants is ""Lauriermontois"". In 2003, Mont-Laurier merged with the neighbouring towns Des Ruisseaux and Saint-Aimé-du-Lac-des-Îles, with the name Mont-Laurier being chosen for the combined municipality. Following a 2004 demerger referendum vote, Saint-Aimé-du-Lac-des-Îles left Mont-Laurier in 2006 to be reconstituted as an independent municipality. The"
"for which she was awarded a Michelin star. Known as a woman who was quick to share her opinions (often quite loudly), ""Mère Léa"" would go to the Saint Antoine market each morning pushing a large cart with a sign that read """"Attention! Faible femme, forte en gueule"""" (En: Beware! Weak woman, strong voice). Still others include ""Mère Pompom"", ""Mère Charles"", ""La Grande Marcelle"", ""Mère Jean"", ""La Mélie"", ""Mère Carron"", ""Madame Andrée"" and ""Tante Paulette"". Regional wines are served at the bouchons of Lyon. The city is also famous for its morning snacks, formerly had by its silk workers. The"
"several decades. The origin of this term is obscure, but is often explained as being derived from the French expression ""voix de ville"" (""voice of the city""). A second speculation is that it comes from the 15th-century songs on satire by poet Olivier Basselin, ""Vaux de Vire"". In his ""Connections"" television series, science historian James Burke argues that the term is a corruption of the French ""Vau de Vire"" (""Vire River Valley"", in English), an area known for its bawdy drinking songs and where Basselin lived; Jean le Houx circa 1610 collected these works as """", which is probably the"
"as Universal Genève, before the latter company relocated to Geneva. The town's history in watchmaking is documented at one of the world's premier horological museums, the Musée d'Horlogerie du Locle, Monts Castle, located in a 19th-century country manor on a hill north of the city Restored historic underground mills (grainmill, oilmill, sawmill) can be seen in a cave located about one kilometer () west of the city center. The name of the town derives from the word for ""lake"" or ""trou d´eau"". Le Locle, as well as La Chaux-de-Fonds, owes its survival to the manufacturing and exports of watches. The"
"Émile Deutsch-de-la-Meurthe. The ""Cité Universitaire"" stop on the line on the RER B is located in the center of Parc Montsouris. According to the official website of the Park and other sources, the name of the park came from an old windmill, called the Moulin de Moque-Souris, which in the 18th century stood not far from the park site at the crossroads of rue d'Alesia and rue de la Tomb-Issoire. Moque-Souris (""mocks-the-mice"") was a common name for windmills in France at the time; it was a facetious name, suggesting that the miller dared the mice to find any grain inside."
"boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps. Since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as ""Panam(e)"" () in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as ""Parisians"" and in French as ""Parisiens"" (). They are also pejoratively called ""Parigots"" (). The ""Parisii"", a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the area's major north–south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité; this meeting place of land and water trade routes gradually became an important trading centre."
"and Rémy Cogghe. From the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the 1970s, a casual group of young artists from Roubaix and the surrounding region was formed and given the name ""Groupe de Roubaix"". Two painters commonly associated with the group are Arthur Van Hecke and Eugène Leroy. Roubaix has been home to two major museums of the region Nord-Pas de Calais since the beginning of the 21st century: La Piscine Museum and ""La Manufacture"" – Museum-Workshop; inheriting both of the local socioeconomic history. The city of Roubaix was the filming location (mostly or partly) of"
"to re-enter the city. Norling had a house in Sainte-Maxime ""Le Mas du Gay Savoir"" and was also named an honorary citizen. Part of the road to Grimaud is named after him. Léon Gaumont was a French inventor, engineer, and industrialist who was a pioneer of the motion picture industry. Léon Gaumont often stayed in Sainte Maxime where he owned a castle - ""Les Tourelles"" - built circa 1883. This residence served as a backdrop for several films including ""Judex"" conducted in 1916 by Louis Feuillade that was shot in part in Sainte-Maxime. The castle – with new buildings –"
"was officially recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980. The city's fortifications, consisting of bastions, curtains and cavaliers, along with the beauty of its Baroque palaces, gardens and churches, led the ruling houses of Europe to give the city its nickname ""Superbissima""— Italian for Most Proud. The peninsula was previously called ""Xaghret Mewwija"" (Mu' awiya - Meuia; named during the Arab period) or Ħal Newwija. Mewwija refers to a sheltered place. The extreme end of the peninsula was known as Xebb ir-Ras (Sheb point), of which name origins from the lighthouse on site. A family which surely"
"streets are often named ""Avenues"". There is a transmission tower in Lambersart, less powerful than that of Bondues, which allows the inhabitants of the urban Community of Lille and some peripheral zones to receive TNT (television numerique terrestre) since 31 March 2005. (At the end of 2006, 63% of the French population can receive the TNT, with more than 4 million having adapters. In northern France, only one quarter of the population receives it because of the obstruction of the radio relay system and of the international disagreements in this area). The architecture of the municipal police station is the"
"""Vallée Blanche"" with another French town, Chamonix, which sits at the opposite, northern, side of the Mont Blanc massif. The toponym ""Courmayeur"" has been mentioned as ""Curia majori"" (1233-1381), ""Corte Maggiore"" (1620), ""Cormoyeu"" (1648), ""Cormaior"" (1680), ""Cormaior"" (Vissher, 1695), ""Cormaggior"" (L'Isle, 1707), ""Cormaior"" (Stagnoni, 1772) and ""Cormaieur"" (Martinel, 1799). Nowadays' toponym was first confirmed by Édouard Aubert (""La Vallée d'Aoste"", 1860), Joseph-Marie Henry (""Histoire populaire de la Vallée d'Aoste"", 1929) and Amé Gorret (""Guide de la Vallée d'Aoste"", 1877). It became a popular tourist destination when alpinism arose, thanks to its proximity to Mont Blanc. Under the Fascist regime and"
"the side of the Rhône: The Rivière (Riperia) said today, less poetically, as ""Basse-Ville"". The new city, north of the former Pomperi gate and Bourg-Saint-Pierre, formed around the Abbey of Saint-Pierre, which spawned the current commune of Bourg-lès-Valence. Elsewhere, on the middle terrace, habitat outside-the-walls was associated with religious foundations: The commandery of the Hospitallers, the Tourdeon gate, the Abbey of Saint-Félix, the Saint-Sulpice gate, the Faventines Templar Commandery, the Benedictine Priory of Saint-Victor in the south near the former ""Via Agrippa"" and, perhaps, further to the south, a leprosarium whose memory is retained through the channel of la Maladière."
"to examine its significance and impact on public space. It is a free event that encourages celebration and community engagement. For one night, spaces are transformed into temporary exhibitions. Luminaria is celebrating its ninth year (2008-2016) as a part of this international movement. In 2006, Nuit Blanche was launched in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Christophe Girard, Deputy Mayor of Paris, who instituted the Parisian Nuit Blanche in 2002, traveled there to help launch the event, praising its citizens for their love of ""the magic and the mysteries of the night"". Attendance at this inaugural event was estimated by Toronto City Hall"
"known for its cuisine and gastronomy, as well as its historical and architectural landmarks; some of them are registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites. Main attractions include its historic Grand Place, Manneken Pis, Atomium, and cultural institutions such as La Monnaie and the Museums of Art and History. It is also a capital of the comic strip. The most common theory of the origin of the name ""Brussels"" is that it derives from the Old Dutch , or , meaning ""marsh"" ( / ) and ""home"" ( / / ) or ""home in the marsh"". Saint Vindicianus, the bishop of"
"was on the Roman road, the Chaussée Jules César, between ""Lutetia"" (Paris) and ""Rotomagus"" (Rouen). The road still exists and is now part of the N14 from Paris to Rouen. It is also known to many people as the birthplace of the alchemist Nicholas Flamel. With an over 2,000 year patrimonium, Pontoise still has vestiges of the past, of which medieval lanes, convents, churches and museums, and was awarded the ""City of Art and History Label"" in 2006. The impressionist painter Camille Pissarro made it famous through many paintings which are present nowadays in the most famous art galleries in"
"It may also come from the French surnames Chappeau and Chapeau, common in the time of New France. However, none of these explanations may be regarded as final. In 1874, the village of Chapeau separated from the Île-aux-Allumettes Township and became a municipality. On December 30, 1998, the municipality of Chapeau Village, together with the township municipalities of L'Isle-aux-Allumettes and L'Isle-aux-Allumettes-Partie-Est, were regrouped into the new Municipality of L'Isle-aux-Allumettes. In 1883 the Chapeau hotel was built on Main Street by Agapit Maloney, which he owned and operated until 1918, when he died. Fred Meilleur bought the hotel in the 1940s,"