"Fear of needles Fear of needles, known in medical literature as needle phobia, is the extreme fear of medical procedures involving injections or hypodermic needles. It is occasionally referred to as ""aichmophobia"" or ""belonephobia"", although these terms may also refer to a more general fear of sharply pointed objects. It has also been referred to as ""trypanophobia"", although the origin and proper usage of that term is highly controversial. The condition was officially recognized in 1994 in the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition) as a specific phobia of blood/injection/injury type. Phobic level responses to injections cause sufferers to"
"Trypophobia Trypophobia is an aversion to the sight of irregular patterns or clusters of small holes, or bumps. It is not officially recognized as a mental disorder, but may fall under the broad category of specific phobia if fear is involved and the fear is excessive and distressing. People may express only disgust or both fear and disgust to trypophobic imagery. The understanding of trypophobia is limited. Although few studies have been done on trypophobia, researchers hypothesize that it is the result of a biological revulsion that associates trypophobic shapes with danger or disease, and may therefore have an evolutionary"
"experience this phobia in an extreme manner, specific coping treatments have been found to help them. Biological treatments, like medications used for other anxiety ailments, are generally found to be inappropriate for fear of medical procedures or other specific phobias. Psychological treatments are the treatment of choice because they are more accurate at addressing the problem. Some of these treatments used especially for fear of medical procedures include, exposure-based treatments, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and applied tension to react against fainting. Fear of surgery or other invasive medical procedure may be known as tomophobia. Fear of surgery is not"
"and injections, and repeat the process until the client’s reactions are less and/or cured. Hypnotherapy is also an option. Traumatophobia According to the DSM-IV classification of mental disorders, the injury phobia is a specific phobia of blood/injection/injury type. It is an abnormal, pathological fear of having an injury. Another name for injury phobia is traumatophobia, from Greek τραῦμα (""trauma""), ""wound, hurt"" and φόβος (""phobos""), ""fear"". It is associated with BII (Blood-Injury-Injection) Phobia. Sufferers exhibit irrational or excessive anxiety and a desire to avoid specific feared objects and situations, to the point of avoiding potentially life-saving medical procedures. According to one"
"basis. Exposure therapy, which has been used to treat phobias, has been proposed as a treatment. The term ""trypophobia"" is believed to have been coined by a participant in an online forum in 2005. Since then, the topic of trypophobia has become popular on social media. Trypophobia is not recognized by name as a mental disorder, and so is not a specific diagnosis in the American Psychiatric Association's ""Diagnostic and Statistical Manual"", Fifth Edition (DSM-5). However, it may fall under the broad category of specific phobia if the fear is excessive, persistent, and associated with significant distress or impairment. Whether"
"towards cluster stimuli that indicates a parasitic and infectious disease threat"". Yamada and Sasaki also propose that trypophobic reactions are due to the imagery's visual similarities to skin diseases. Whether trypophobia is associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has also been studied, but a significant minority of those with trypophobia meet the DSM-5 criteria for obsessive–compulsive disorder. People with trypophobia likely have major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder, although Le ""et al."" felt that general anxiety does not cause trypophobia. There are no known treatments for trypophobia, but exposure therapy, which has been used to treat phobias, is likely to"
"to more space and oxygen. Other modern practitioners of trepanation claim that it holds other medical benefits, such as a treatment for depression or other psychological ailments. In 2000, two men from Cedar City, Utah, were prosecuted for practicing medicine without a license after they performed a trepanation on an English woman to treat her chronic fatigue syndrome and depression. Trepanning Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole (the verb ""trepan"" derives from Old French from Medieval Latin ""trepanum"" from Greek ""trypanon"", literally ""borer, auger"") is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled"
"Tokophobia Tokophobia is a significant fear of childbirth. It is the most common reason why some women request an elective cesarean section. The fear often includes fear of injury to the baby, genital tract, or death. Treatment may occur via counselling. It is a type of specific phobia. In 2000, an article published in the ""British Journal of Psychiatry"" described the fear of childbirth as a psychological disorder that has received little attention and may be overlooked. Phobia of childbirth, as with any phobia, can manifest through a number of symptoms including nightmares, difficulty in concentrating on work or family"
"by trying to hide from doctors when their parents take them in for checkups or by trying to avoid going to the doctor by not telling their parents when they don’t feel well. This fear as a child can be easily treated in much the same way that doctors deal with children in surgery. An explanation or example (like seeing the doctor check an older sibling, or a stuffed animal) can help a child feel more comfortable with what the doctor will do for them. The fear of needles (simply called ""needle phobia"" in the medical literature, but sometimes trypanophobia)"
"be effective for treating trypophobia. The extent to which trypophobia exists is unknown, but the available data suggests that having an aversion to trypophobic imagery is relatively common. 16% of a sample of 286 participants in a 2013 study reported discomfort or repulsion when presented with an image of a lotus seed pod and its authors found that non-trypophobic individuals also experienced more discomfort when viewing trypophobic imagery than when viewing neutral images. Trypophobia appears to be more prevalent in women. The term ""trypophobia"" is believed to have been coined by a participant in an online forum in 2005. The"
"Fear of medical procedures Most people suffer from a form of fear of medical procedures during their life. There are many different aspects of this fear and not everyone has every part. Some of these parts include fear of surgery, fear of dental work and fear of doctors (involving fear of needles). These fears are often overlooked, but when a patient has one to the extreme it can be very damaging to their health. Formally, medical fear is defined (by Steward and Steward, see Further reading) as ""any experience that involves medical personnel or procedures involved in the process of"
"a trypophobic reaction include clustered holes in innocuous contexts, such as fruit and bubbles, and in contexts associated with danger, such as holes made by insects and holes in wounds and diseased tissue such as those caused by mango worms in animals, especially dogs. Upon seeing these shapes, some people said they shuddered, felt their skin crawl, experienced panic attacks, sweated, palpitated, or felt nauseated or itchy. Other reported symptoms include goose bumps, body shakes, feeling uncomfortable, and visual discomfort such as eyestrain, distortions, or illusions. Trypophobia may manifest as a reaction of fear, disgust, or both. Disgust is usually"
"intentionally induce trypophobia in those who have it by showing them trypophobic images, with the most trypophobic-inducing images being holes and clusters (especially the lotus seedhead) photoshopped onto human skin. Cole and Wilkins also stated that the level of disgust with trypophobia increases if the holes are on human skin. Writing in ""Popular Science"", Jennifer Abbasi argues that emotional contagion within such social media groups may be responsible for some of the aversive reactions to such images. In 2017, trypophobia received media attention when ""American Horror Story"" featured a trypophobic character and trypophobia-inducing advertisements promoting the storyline; some people were"
"Traumatophobia According to the DSM-IV classification of mental disorders, the injury phobia is a specific phobia of blood/injection/injury type. It is an abnormal, pathological fear of having an injury. Another name for injury phobia is traumatophobia, from Greek τραῦμα (""trauma""), ""wound, hurt"" and φόβος (""phobos""), ""fear"". It is associated with BII (Blood-Injury-Injection) Phobia. Sufferers exhibit irrational or excessive anxiety and a desire to avoid specific feared objects and situations, to the point of avoiding potentially life-saving medical procedures. According to one study, it is most common in females and people with less education. What sets injury phobia apart is that"
"needle procedure itself, but a great fear of the vasovagal syncope reaction. A study in the medical journal ""Circulation"" concluded that in many patients with this condition (as well as patients with the broader range of blood/injury phobias), an initial episode of vasovagal syncope during a needle procedure may be the primary cause of needle phobia rather than any basic fear of needles. These findings reverse the more commonly held beliefs about the cause-and-effect pattern of needle phobics with vasovagal syncope. The physiological changes associated with this type of phobia also include feeling faint, sweating, nausea, pallor, tinnitus, panic attacks,"
"it is when a person is exposed to blood, an injury, or an injection, they begin to experience extreme sensations of terror, such as breathlessness; excessive sweating; dry mouth; feeling sick; shaking; heart palpitations; inability to speak or think clearly; a fear of dying, going mad, or losing control; a sensation of detachment from reality; or a full blown anxiety attack. The treatments that are available are mostly behavioral and cognitive therapies, the most common being behavioral. One method of behavioral therapy for traumatophobia is to expose the client to the stimuli, in this case being exposure to blood, injury,"
"were unable to completely remove because of her fear of needles. Fear of medical procedures Most people suffer from a form of fear of medical procedures during their life. There are many different aspects of this fear and not everyone has every part. Some of these parts include fear of surgery, fear of dental work and fear of doctors (involving fear of needles). These fears are often overlooked, but when a patient has one to the extreme it can be very damaging to their health. Formally, medical fear is defined (by Steward and Steward, see Further reading) as ""any experience"
"later made unnecessary by the development of the ""orbital transit"" lobotomy where a spike was inserted through the eye-sockets. Trepanation is a treatment used for epidural and subdural hematomas, and for surgical access for certain other neurosurgical procedures, such as intracranial pressure monitoring. Modern surgeons generally use the term ""craniotomy"" for this procedure. The removed piece of skull is typically replaced as soon as possible. If the bone is not replaced, then the procedure is considered a craniectomy. Trepanation instruments, nowadays being replaced with cranial drills, are now available with diamond-coated rims, which are less traumatic than the classical trephines"
"Arachnophobia Arachnophobia is the unreasonable fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions. Treatment is typically by exposure therapy, where the person is presented with pictures of spiders or the spiders themselves. People with arachnophobia tend to feel uneasy in any area they believe could harbor spiders or that has visible signs of their presence, such as webs. If arachnophobics see a spider, they may not enter the general vicinity until they have overcome the panic attack that is often associated with their phobia. Some people scream, cry, have emotional outbursts, experience trouble breathing, sweat, have heart palpitations, or"
"the anxiety and discomfort. In recent years, the technique known as ""applied tension"", applying tension to the muscles in an effort to increase blood pressure, has increasingly gained favor as an often effective treatment for blood phobia associated with drops in blood pressure and fainting. Because the fear of blood is extremely common, it is frequently exploited in popular culture. Horror movies and Halloween events prey on our natural aversion to blood, often featuring large quantities of fake blood. Blood phobia Blood phobia (also AE: hemophobia or BE: haemophobia) is extreme and irrational fear of blood, a type of specific"
"Trepanning Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole (the verb ""trepan"" derives from Old French from Medieval Latin ""trepanum"" from Greek ""trypanon"", literally ""borer, auger"") is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull, exposing the ""dura mater"" to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases or release pressured blood buildup from an injury. It may also refer to any ""burr"" hole created through other body surfaces, including nail beds. It is often used to relieve pressure beneath a surface. A trephine is an instrument used for cutting"
"disturbed by the imagery, and criticized the show for ""insensitivity towards sufferers of trypophobia."" Although there was sentiment that the increased media attention could lead to people trying to induce trypophobia, there were also opinions that it might help people understand trypophobia and encourage more research on the matter. Writer and editor Kathleen McAuliffe suggested that trypophobia is yet to be extensively studied because researchers have not given as much attention to topics of disgust as they have to other areas of research, and because of the revulsion viewing the images could incite in researchers. Trypophobia Trypophobia is an aversion"
"activities, panic attacks and psychosomatic complaints. Often the fear of childbirth motivates a request for an elective caesarean section. Fear of labor pain is strongly associated with the fear of pain in general; a previous complicated childbirth, or inadequate pain relief, may cause the phobia to develop. A fear of pregnancy itself can result in an avoidance of pregnancy or even, as birth control methods are never 100% effective, an avoidance of sexual intercourse or asking for hysterectomy. Tokophobia is a distressing psychological disorder which may be overlooked by medical professionals; as well as specific phobia and anxiety disorders, tokophobia"
"Medication phobia Medication phobia, also known as pharmacophobia, is a fear of the use of pharmacological treatments. In severe, excessive and irrational, cases it may be a type of specific phobia. While lack of awareness by patient or doctor of adverse drug reactions can have serious consequences, having a phobia of medications can also have serious detrimental effects on patient health, for example refusal of necessary pharmacological interventions. Medication phobia can also lead to problems with medication compliance. Medication phobia can also present in parents who are concerned about giving medications to their children, fearing that the medications will do"
"chemotherapeutic agents. She remained cancer-free for several years but died in 2009 after her cancer reappeared and spread to her brain. Trepanation involves drilling a hole in the skull. The most famous instances of self-trepanation are those of Amanda Feilding, Joey Mellen (Feilding's domestic partner), and Bart Huges (who influenced Mellen and Feilding). Self-surgery Self-surgery is the act of performing a surgical procedure on oneself. It can be an act taken in extreme circumstances out of necessity, an attempt to avoid embarrassment, legal action, or financial costs, or a rare manifestation of a psychological disorder. These surgeries are generally the"
"as ""maleusiophobia"" (though this is certainly a variant of ""maieusiophobia"", from the Greek ""maieusis"", literally meaning ""delivery of a woman in childbirth"" but referring generally to midwifery), ""parturiphobia"" (from Latin ""parturire"", meaning ""to be pregnant"", and ""lockiophobia"". Tokophobia Tokophobia is a significant fear of childbirth. It is the most common reason why some women request an elective cesarean section. The fear often includes fear of injury to the baby, genital tract, or death. Treatment may occur via counselling. It is a type of specific phobia. In 2000, an article published in the ""British Journal of Psychiatry"" described the fear of"
"the stronger emotion in those with trypophobia. The understanding of trypophobia is limited. Several possible causes have been proposed. Geoff Cole and Arnold Wilkins believe the reaction is an ""unconscious reflex reaction"" based on a biological revulsion, rather than a learned cultural fear. Imagery of various venomous animals (for example, certain types of snakes, insects, and spiders) have visual characteristics similar to trypophobic imagery. Because of this, it is hypothesized that trypophobia has an evolutionary basis meant to alert humans of dangerous organisms. Can ""et al."", however, believe the connection between trypophobia and evolution as a result of a threat"
"Homunculus (manga) Trepanation is the procedure of drilling a hole in the skull. It is said to increase the blood circulation and improve pressure inside the skull. It is also said to bring out a person's sixth sense, including the ability to use ESP, see ghosts, and move objects with one's mind. This is speculative fiction based on the concept of trepanation. Susumu Nakoshi is a 34-year-old homeless man living out of his car. For two weeks, he declines his fellow homeless men's invitations to set up a tent with them, preferring to sleep in his car. One day he"
"developed a symptom questionnaire that they believe can be used to identify trypophobia. Researchers have also speculated that trypophobic reactions could be perceived as cues to infectious disease, which could be alerts that give one a survival advantage. In a study by Kupfer and Le, trypophobic and non-trypophobic participants showed significant aversion to disease-relevant cluster images, but only trypophobic participants displayed significant aversion to disease-irrelevant cluster images. Martínez-Aguayo ""et al."" stated that, because the reactions could not be attributed to different sensitivity levels or neuroticism differences, Kupfer and Le believe it supports their hypothesis that trypophobia is ""an overgeneralized aversion"
"hospital director. Itoh performs the trepanation surgery on Nakoshi and does a variety of ESP tests. When Nakoshi reveals that he sees distorted humans when using only the left side of his body, Itoh researches and discovers that Nakoshi can see homunculi. Itoh explains psychoanalytic theory to Nakoshi after the yakuza incident. Homunculus (manga) Trepanation is the procedure of drilling a hole in the skull. It is said to increase the blood circulation and improve pressure inside the skull. It is also said to bring out a person's sixth sense, including the ability to use ESP, see ghosts, and move"
"a fear experienced often, but is still just as harmful as those that are more common. Since surgery is not a common occurrence, the fear is more based on inexperience or something that is out of the ordinary. This fear is one of those categorized under all fears of medical procedures that can be experienced by anyone, all ages, and have little need for actual psychological treatment, unless it is uncharacteristically causing the patient to react in a way that would be harmful to his or her health. Starting with the youngest, fear of surgery is extremely common among young"
"trypophobia can be accurately described as a specific phobia might depend on whether the person mainly responds with fear or with disgust. Because phobias involve fear, a response to trypophobic imagery that is based mostly or solely on disgust renders its status as a specific phobia questionable. In one study, most of the participants with trypophobia met the DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia, even though they experienced disgust instead of fear when shown imagery of clusters of holes; however, they did not meet the distress or impairment criterion. Trypophobia often presents with an autonomic nervous system response. Shapes that elicit"
"totally irrational. Also, exposure based techniques have formed the basis of the armamentarium of behaviour therapists in the treatment of phobic disorders for many years, they are the most effective forms of treatment for phobic avoidance behavior. Phobics are treated by exposing them to the stimuli which they specially fear, and in case of phobophobia, it is both the phobia they fear and their own sensations. There are two ways to approach interoceptive exposure on patients: Cognitive modification is another method that helps considerably to treat phobophobics. When treating the patients with the method, doctors correct some wrong information the"