"Meyer Desert Formation biota The Meyer Desert Formation biota is a biota (flora and fauna) found in the Dominion Range in the Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica, alongside the Beardmore Glacier. Since about 15 Ma, Antarctica has been mostly covered with ice. Fossil ""Nothofagus"" leaves in the Meyer Desert Formation of the Sirius Group show that intermittent warm periods allowed ""Nothofagus"" shrubs to cling to the Dominion Range as late as 3–4 Ma (mid-late Pliocene). After that the Pleistocene ice-age covered the whole continent and destroyed all major plant life on it. Species reported by Ashworth and Cantrill from about 3"
"meaning ""icy"" or ""frozen"", in reference to the Beardmore Glacier region in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, where the fossil remains were found. The specific name, ""G. hammeri"", honors Dr. William R. Hammer of Augustana College, who made major contributions to both paleontology and Antarctic research. In their phylogenetic analysis of the relationships of ""Glacialisaurus"", Smith and Pol found that it is a massospondylid, a non-eusauropod sauropodomorph more advanced than other forms such as ""Saturnalia"" and ""Plateosaurus"". Features of its foot are similar to ""Lufengosaurus"" (from the Early Jurassic of China), and the phylogenetic study suggests that ""Lufengosaurus"" may have been"
"Queen Maud Mountains The Queen Maud Mountains are a major group of mountains, ranges and subordinate features of the Transantarctic Mountains, lying between the Beardmore and Reedy Glaciers and including the area from the head of the Ross Ice Shelf to the Antarctic Plateau in Antarctica. Captain Roald Amundsen and his South Pole party ascended Axel Heiberg Glacier near the central part of this group in November 1911, naming these mountains for the Norwegian queen Maud of Wales. Despite the name, they are not located within Queen Maud Land. Elevations bordering the Beardmore Glacier, at the western extremity of these"
"Blairmore Group The Blairmore Group, originally named the Blairmore Formation, is a geologic unit of Early Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that is present in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It is subdivided into a series of formations, most of which contain plant fossils. In some areas it contains significant reservoirs of natural gas. The Blairmore group includes the conglomerate and quartzose sandstones of the Cadomin Formation at the base, and grades to sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and limestone in the overlying formations. The Beaver Mines and Ma Butte Formations in the upper part of the group"
"Viedma Glacier Viedma Glacier is a large glacier that is part of the huge Southern Patagonian Ice Field, located at the southern end of mainland South America. Viedma Glacier is a valley glacier and its moraine-rich terminus flows into the western end of Lake Viedma, which is fed primarily by its melting ice. Viedma Glacier is located in the undefined part of the limit between Chile and Argentina, in argentinian legislature it's in Los Glaciares National Park which was declared a World Heritage Site in 1981. in Chilean legislature part of it is in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park. The Southern"
"most of Europe and a large part of northern Asia. In the west, it is common from Iceland in the north to the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain. It is found beyond the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and Russia, where it is continuous north of 55ºN, more uneven south of it. In southern Europe, the distribution, too, is patchy, and restricted to the mountains. In Asia, it reaches the Gulf of Anadyr on the Pacific. In United Kingdom, it is common in the south-east, in East Anglia, northern Scotland including the Hebrides, Orkney, and Shetland. It is also found in"
"of Europe and America revived the theory of continental drift and was a major contribution to plate tectonics. Runcorn Glacier Runcorn Glacier () is a glacier to the west of Hess Mountains in Antarctica. It flows southeast to join Beaumont Glacier near the head of Hilton Inlet, Black Coast, Palmer Land. The glacier was mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from aerial photographs taken by the U.S. Navy during 1966–69, and surveyed by British Antarctic Survey during 1972–73. In association with the names of continental drift scientists grouped in this area, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names named the"
"him 97 miles (180 km) from his goal. Shackleton Coast Shackleton Coast is that portion of the coast along the west side of the Ross Ice Shelf between Cape Selborne and Airdrop Peak at the east side of Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Sir Ernest Shackleton. He accompanied Scott on the southern journey during the ""Discovery"" expedition (1901–04) and subsequently led three Antarctic expeditions. On the British Antarctic Expedition (1907–09), Shackleton discovered the area beyond Shackleton Inlet to the Beardmore Glacier, and was the first to find a practicable route"
"philanthropist, and a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Rush Glacier Rush Glacier () is a glacier in Antarctica. Situated in southern Brabant Island, it is 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, draining the northwest slopes of Solvay Mountains and flowing west between Mount Aciar and Mount Sarnegor into the Buragara Cove of Dallmann Bay in the Palmer Archipelago. It was shown on an Argentine government chart in 1953, but not named. It was photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956-57, and mapped from these photos in 1959. The glacier was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC)"
"Hudman Glacier Hudman Glacier () is a glacier draining south of Mount Landolt between Marze Peak and Miller Peak in Petvar Heights at the south end of the Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica, flowing south-southeast to Minnesota Glacier. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Captain Rayburn A. Hudman, United States Marine Corps, who died in the crash of a Lockheed P2V-2n Neptune, modified for extreme range, flying in sub zero temperatures and Ski equippedfor landing"
"Shackleton Coast Shackleton Coast is that portion of the coast along the west side of the Ross Ice Shelf between Cape Selborne and Airdrop Peak at the east side of Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Sir Ernest Shackleton. He accompanied Scott on the southern journey during the ""Discovery"" expedition (1901–04) and subsequently led three Antarctic expeditions. On the British Antarctic Expedition (1907–09), Shackleton discovered the area beyond Shackleton Inlet to the Beardmore Glacier, and was the first to find a practicable route to the South Pole. Lack of food stopped"
"surface became increasingly disturbed and broken; two more ponies succumbed to the strain. The mountains to the west curved round to block their path southward, and the party's attention was caught by a ""brilliant gleam of light"" in the sky ahead. The reason for this phenomenon became clear on 3 December when, after a climb through the foothills of the mountain chain, they saw before them what Shackleton later described as ""an open road to the south, [...] a great glacier, running almost south to north between two huge mountain ranges"". Shackleton christened this glacier the ""Beardmore"" after the expedition's"
"Austria, China, France, Germany, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Romania, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and the United States (New Mexico, North Carolina, Utah, Virginia, Virginia/North Carolina). Antarctica, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Chile, China, Colombia (Valle Alto Formation, Caldas), Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Mongolia, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Montana, Wyoming). Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), Ecuador, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Spain, and the United States (Montana, Virginia, Wyoming). United States (California) Zamites Zamites is a genus of fossil tree known from the Mesozoic of North"
"on the Ice runways at McMurdo Sound Antarctica on October 18, 1956. Hudman Glacier Hudman Glacier () is a glacier draining south of Mount Landolt between Marze Peak and Miller Peak in Petvar Heights at the south end of the Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica, flowing south-southeast to Minnesota Glacier. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Captain Rayburn A. Hudman, United States Marine Corps, who died in the crash of a Lockheed P2V-2n Neptune, modified"
"British Columbia, Colombia (Hiló Formation, Tolima and La Frontera Formation, Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Huila), Spain, France, Germany, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antarctica, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Chile, China, Cuba, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greenland, Hungary, India, Indian Ocean, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United Kingdom, United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas,"
"now known as Ferrar Glacier, named after the geologist of the expedition. They explored part of Victoria Land on the Antarctic Plateau before returning via the same glacier. In 1908, Ernest Shackleton's party crossed the mountains through the Beardmore Glacier. Robert Scott returned to that same glacier in 1911, while Roald Amundsen crossed the range via the Axel Heiberg Glacier. Much of the range remained unexplored until the late 1940s and 1950s, when missions such as Operation Highjump and the International Geophysical Year (IGY) made extensive use of aerial photography and concentrated on a thorough investigation of the entire continent."
"they can also be found in Northern Africa, South Africa, Europe, sections of South America and sections of interior southern Australia and New Zealand. In climate classification, three isotherms means that delineate between hot and cold semi-arid climates — the 18°C average annual temperature or that of the coldest month (0°C or −3°C), the warm side of the isotherm of choice defining a BSh climate from the BSk on the cooler side. As a result of this, some areas can have climates that are classified as hot or cold semi-arid depending on the isotherm used. One such location is San"
"its most northerly latitude at nearly 61° N. In the Western Hemisphere, high-altitude locations as South Lake Tahoe, California, and Aspen, Colorado, in the western United States exhibit local ""Dfb"" climates. The south-central and southwestern Prairie Provinces also fits the ""Dfb"" criteria from a thermal profile, but because of semi-arid precipitation portions of it are grouped into the ""BSk"" category. Much of New England falls into this subtype. In Europe, it is found in Ukraine, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary. It has little warming or precipitation effects from the northern Atlantic. The cool"
"bad cold and frost. A related vegetal community evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana, and species of this community are now found on several separate areas of the Southern Hemisphere, including South America, Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and New Caledonia. These lauroid-leaved plant communities are twofold to tropical climate and temperate climate, having the more temperate climate their origin in the named Antarctic flora. The genus ""Beilschmiedia"" is present in Mexico, Venezuela, southern Chile, and Argentina from the Pacific Ocean to the Andes between 38° and 45° latitude, where rainfall is abundant, from 1500 to 2500"
". Mount Gilmour Mount Gilmour () is a mountain 4 nautical miles (7 km) southeast of Mount Passel on the central part of the irregular ridge separating Crevasse Valley Glacier and Arthur Davis Glacier (ex-Warpasgiljo Glacier), in the Edsel Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. West Base Geological Party Expedition Discovered in 1940 by the four Geological Party Expedition members of the West Base, Little America III of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS). Named for Harold P. Gilmour, one of the four Geological Party Expedition members, recorder, and subsequently historian and administrative assistant to the expedition commander, Rear"
"and Newfoundland south to the Gulf Coast and Florida, wintering further south from the southern United States through to Argentina. It is found in summer throughout Europe north into Ireland, Scandinavia, Finland and Scotland, England, and Wales though not Iceland, and winters in North Africa. In Australia it is mainly sedentary and found patchily around the coastline, though it is a non-breeding visitor to eastern Victoria and Tasmania. There is a gap, corresponding with the coast of the Nullarbor Plain, between its westernmost breeding site in South Australia and the nearest breeding sites to the west in Western Australia. In"
"was thought to belong to the same genus as fumitory. It is native to temperate regions of North Africa, Europe and parts of Western Asia. It is found in North Africa, within Macaronesia, Canary Islands, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. Within Western Asia it is found in the Caucasus, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Siberia, Syria and Turkey. In eastern Europe, it is found within Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine. In middle Europe, it is in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. In northern Europe, in Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and United Kingdom. In southeastern Europe,"
"Mount Gilmour Mount Gilmour () is a mountain 4 nautical miles (7 km) southeast of Mount Passel on the central part of the irregular ridge separating Crevasse Valley Glacier and Arthur Davis Glacier (ex-Warpasgiljo Glacier), in the Edsel Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. West Base Geological Party Expedition Discovered in 1940 by the four Geological Party Expedition members of the West Base, Little America III of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS). Named for Harold P. Gilmour, one of the four Geological Party Expedition members, recorder, and subsequently historian and administrative assistant to the expedition commander, Rear Admiral"
"east, south-eastern and south-western Australia and New Zealand in the Southern hemisphere. It is strongly migratory in the northern parts of its breeding range, and winters farther south. For example, in North America, it winters south to the southern United States and northern Mexico, but also regularly strays into Central America and the Caribbean between September and May. The mallard inhabits a wide range of habitats and climates, from Arctic tundra to subtropical regions. It is found in both fresh- and salt-water wetlands, including parks, small ponds, rivers, lakes and estuaries, as well as shallow inlets and open sea within"
"mountains of Algeria, Italy including Sicily, Greece including Crete, the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea Coasts of Turkey and the Caucasus Mountains, North Iran eastwards to the Western Himalayas. To the North its limit is from northern England, the Netherlands, Denmark and the southern Baltic, Poland to western Ukraine. In Switzerland the most recent locations are around Lake Lucerne, the Rhine Valley near Chur, in the area of Lake Walen and in Ticino. In Italy it is found in the north-east near the sea. In Great Britain and Ireland its northern-most occurrence is on the Isle of Man. It has"
"argillites of the Skelton Group. The region between the lower Beardmore Glacier and the lower Shackelton Glacier sits the Beardmore Group. North of the Nimrod Glacier are four block faulted ranges that make up the Byrd Group. The contents of the Queen Maud Group area are mainly post-tectonic granite. Beacon Sandstone of Devonian-Triassic age and the Ferarr volcanic rocks of Jurassic age are separated from the Ross Supergroup by the Kukri Peneplain. Beacon rocks are reported to have been recovered in the drill cores of the Cape Roberts Project at the western edge of the Ross Sea. The Ross Sea"
"of the ""Penola"" during the BGLE. Martin Glacier Martin Glacier is a glacier, wide and long, which flows west and then northwest from the south side of Mount Lupa to the southeast corner of Rymill Bay where it joins Bertrand Ice Piedmont, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Riddoch Rymill, and was resurveyed in 1948–1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The glacier was named for James H. Martin, a member of the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (1929–1931) under"
"believed to be till or diamictite of glacial origin. Trace fossils, Ediacaran fossils, and Ediacaran-like fossils have been described from the Windermere Suprgroup in the Mackenzie and Werneke Mountains of the eastern Northwest Territories, the Cariboo Mountains of British Columbia, and the Canadian Rockies near Jasper, Alberta. Stromatolites are present in some of the carbonate beds. The Windermere is both thick and extensive. It reaches thicknesses of more than more than , and is present parts of Montana, Idaho, and Washington in the United States, and parts of Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon in Canada. Windermere"
"King Baudouin Ice Shelf The King Baudouin Ice Shelf (also called Roi Baudouin Ice shelf, from French: Plateforme de glace Roi Baudouin) in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, is within the Norwegian part of Antarctica. It is named after King Baudouin of Belgium (1930-1993). The King Baudouin ice shelf is confined by two ice rises (including Derwael Ice Rise) and one under-ice pinning-point with a width of only a few kilometres; the latter seems to define the seaward edge of the ice shelf and impacts ice flow in the hinterland. Belgium was one of the original 12 signatories of the"
"Mount Garibaldi Mount Garibaldi is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Sea to Sky Country of British Columbia, north of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Located in the southernmost Coast Mountains, it is one of the most recognized peaks in the South Coast region, as well as British Columbia's best known volcano. It lies within the Garibaldi Ranges of the Pacific Ranges. This heavily eroded dome complex occupies the southwest corner of Garibaldi Provincial Park overlooking the town of Squamish. It is the only major Pleistocene age volcano in North America known to have formed upon a glacier. Although part of"
"Downes Glacier Downes Glacier () is a broad tidewater glacier on the north side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. It flows north on both sides of Cape Bidlingmaier to the north coast of Heard Island. To the east of Downes Glacier is Ealey Glacier, whose terminus is located close southeast of Cape Bidlingmaier. To the west of Downes Glacier is Challenger Glacier, whose terminus is located at the eastern side of Corinthian Bay, close west to Saddle Point. Saddle Point separates Downes Glacier from Challenger Glacier. Surveyed by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1948. Named"
"Dominion Range The Dominion Range () is a broad mountain range, about long, forming a prominent salient at the juncture of the Beardmore and Mill glaciers in Antarctica. The range is part of the Queen Maud Mountains The range was discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition (1907–09) and named by Shackleton for the Dominion of New Zealand, which generously aided the expedition. The highest peak is Mount Mills at . Mount Mills () is the highest mountain in the range at , forming part of the northern escarpment overlooking the Beardmore Glacier 13 km north of Mount Saunders. The mountain"
"Franklin Glacier Complex The Franklin Glacier Complex is a deeply eroded volcano in the Waddington Range of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located about northeast of Kingcome, this sketchily known complex resides at Franklin Glacier near Mount Waddington. It is over in elevation and because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the complex is covered by glacial ice. Magmatic activity of the Franklin Glacier Complex spanded roughly four million years from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, with the most recently identified volcanic eruption having taken place around 2.2 million years ago. The existence of thermal springs"