"for wounds and inflammation of the digestive and urinary tracts, although there is no high-quality evidence for any clinical benefit of using opuntia for these purposes. ""Dactylopius coccus"" is a scale insect from which cochineal dye is derived. ""D. coccus"" itself is native to tropical and subtropical South America and Mexico. This insect, a primarily sessile parasite, lives on cacti from the genus ""Opuntia"", feeding on moisture and nutrients in the cactus sap. The insect produces carminic acid, which deters predation by other insects. The carminic acid can be extracted from the insect's body and eggs to make the red"
"century, lipstick was colored with carmine dye. Carmine dye was extracted from cochineal, scale insects native to Mexico and Central America which live on cactus plants. Cochineal insects produce carminic acid to deter predation by other insects. Carminic acid, which forms 17% to 24% of the weight of the dried insects, can be extracted from the insect's body and eggs. Mixed with aluminum or calcium salts it makes carmine dye (also known as cochineal). This lipstick did not come in a tube; it was applied with a brush. Carmine dye was expensive and the look of carmine colored lipstick was"
"it has a higher carminic acid content and yields a better quality pigment than its congeners. The insect has been domesticated and is reared for its product. Cochineals were of value to the pre-Columbian societies of the Andes region. Rulers of the Inca Empire stored supplies of the insects as a commodity, as they were the only source of red dye for clothing and other textiles. Red was the color of royalty among the Incas. After Spanish colonization of the Americas began, cochineals were shipped worldwide as a commercial product. The dried bodies of the female insects are roughly 12"
"also in Peru, but not in the region between. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus suggest that ""D. coccus"" originated in South America and was introduced to Mexico with various agricultural products during the Pre-Columbian era. The genus is now distributed throughout much of the world due to accidental and intentional introductions. The insects produce carminic acid as an antipredator adaptation. It is processed to produce the pigment carmine, which has long been used as a red food coloring and a natural dye for textiles. ""Dactylopius coccus"", the true cochineal, is the species most commonly used today and historically, because"
"of power and life. Natives of Peru had been producing cochineal dyes for textiles since at least 700 CE, but Europeans had never seen the color before. When the Spanish invaded the Aztec empire in what is now Mexico, they were quick to exploit the color for new trade opportunities. Carmine became the region's second most valuable export next to silver. Pigments produced from the cochineal insect gave the Catholic cardinals their vibrant robes and the English ""Redcoats"" their distinctive uniforms. The true source of the pigment—an insect—was kept secret until the 18th century, when biologists discovered the source. While"
"dye. Cochineal is used primarily as a red food colouring and for cosmetics. The cochineal dye was used by the Aztec and Maya peoples of Central and North America. Produced almost exclusively in Oaxaca, Mexico, by indigenous producers, cochineal became Mexico's second-most valued export after silver. The dyestuff was consumed throughout Europe, and was so highly valued, its price was regularly quoted on the London and Amsterdam Commodity Exchanges. Now, the highest production of cochineal is by Peru, the Canary Islands, and Chile. Current health concerns over artificial food additives have renewed the popularity of cochineal dyes, and the increased"
"pigment derived from a parasitic insect found in Central and South America—attained great status and value in Europe. Produced from harvested, dried, and crushed cochineal insects, carmine could be—and still is—used in fabric dye, food dye, body paint, or—in its solid lake form—almost any kind of paint or cosmetic. According to Diana Magaloni, the Florentine Codex contains a variety of illustrations with multiple variations of the red pigments. Specifically in the case of ""achiotl (light red),"" technical analysis of the paint reveals multiple layers of the pigment although the layers of the pigment is not visible to the naked eye."
"many products, such as soft drinks, children's medications, and cotton candy. On June 30, 2010, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) called for the FDA to ban Red 40. Because of public concerns about possible health risks associated with synthetic dyes, many companies have switched to using natural pigments such as carmine, made from crushing the tiny female cochineal insect. This insect, originating in Mexico and Central American, was used to make the brilliant scarlet dyes of the European Renaissance. The red of autumn leaves is produced by pigments called anthocyanins. They are not present in the"
"to 16% carminic acid. The carmine obtained is a shade of crimson, and this can be turned different shades by adding metal ions or changing the pH; tin salts or acids produce a bright scarlet, while iron or alkaline compounds turn it a deep purple. The Salasacas of Ecuador still use this process to color their textiles, particularly a red woolen garment worn by women around the shoulders, which each woman personalizes by choosing a different shade of red. They collect cochineals, probably ""D. confusus"", from the wild, press them into cakes, and use the dried cakes to dye the"
"Carmine Carmine ( or ), also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color. The pigment is produced from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale and certain ""Porphyrophora"" species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics, and some medications. It is routinely added to food products such as yogurt, candy"
"and the clergy. For the past several centuries, it was the most important insect dye used in the production of hand-woven oriental rugs, almost completely displacing lac. It was also used for painting, handicrafts, and tapestries. Cochineal-coloured wool and cotton are important materials for Mexican folk art and crafts. Cochineal is used as a fabric and cosmetics dye and as a natural food colouring. It is also used in histology as a preparatory stain for the examination of tissues and carbohydrates. In artists' paints, it has been replaced by synthetic reds and is largely unavailable for purchase due to poor"
"and lacquering processes are intricate and require patience. Maque is lacquer made from the seeds of the chia plant, mixed with crushed aje, an insect found in various parts of Mexico. In Michoacán it comes from the Tierra Caliente region. Gaspar insists on chia oil, even though some artisans have switched to linseed. He states that the latter is not of the same quality and is not water resistant. The background coloring and lacquering is applied first, the most traditional of which is “charanda” or a dark red, which traditionally uses natural pigments. Other, lighter colors can also be used."
"provide slow-release or mask the taste of bitter ingredients. Kermes is a red dye from the dried bodies of the females of a scale insect in the genus ""Kermes"", primarily ""Kermes vermilio"". ""Kermes"" are native to the Mediterranean region, living on the sap of the Kermes oak. They were used as a red dye by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The kermes dye is a rich red, and has good colour fastness in silk and wool. Insect attributes are sometimes mimicked in architecture, as at the Eastgate Centre, Harare, which uses passive cooling, storing heat in the morning and releasing"
"Bixa orellana Achiote (Bixa orellana) is a shrub or small tree originating from the tropical region of the Americas. North, Central, and South American natives originally used the seeds to make red body paint and lipstick, as well as a spice. For this reason, the achiote is sometimes called the lipstick tree. The tree is best known as the source of annatto, a natural orange-red condiment (also called ""achiote"" or ""bijol"") obtained from the waxy arils that cover its seeds. The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in Central and South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean, such as"
"Bixa orellana Achiote (Bixa orellana) is a shrub or small tree originating from the tropical region of the Americas. North, Central, and South American natives originally used the seeds to make red body paint and lipstick, as well as a spice. For this reason, the achiote is sometimes called the lipstick tree. The tree is best known as the source of annatto, a natural orange-red condiment (also called ""achiote"" or ""bijol"") obtained from the waxy arils that cover its seeds. The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in Central and South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean, such as"
"demand has made cultivation of the insect profitable again, with Peru being the largest exporter. Some towns in the Mexican state of Oaxaca are still working in handmade textiles using this cochineal. Other species in the genus ""Dactylopius"" can be used to produce ""cochineal extract"", and are extremely difficult to distinguish from ""D. coccus"", even for expert taxonomists; that scientific term from the binary nomenclature, and also the vernacular ""cochineal insect"", are thus commonly used Cochineal is derived from the French ""cochenille"", derived from Spanish ""cochinilla"", in turn derived from Latin ""coccinus"" meaning ""scarlet-colored"", or from the Latin ""coccum"", meaning"
"remains an important tradition of many Brazilian native tribes. It was reportedly used for body paint among the native Taínos in Borinquen, Puerto Rico. The use of achiote hair dye by men of the Tsáchila of Ecuador is the origin of their Spanish name, the ""Colorados."" The Aztec people of Mexico used achiote seeds as source of a red ink for manuscript painting in the 16th century. The plant is valued for its stem fibre (used in rope mats) and an adhesive gum which is extracted from all parts. Traditionally in Nepal, the plant has been used to make sindoor."
"Cochineal The cochineal ( , ; Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived. A primarily sessile parasite native to tropical and subtropical South America through North America (Mexico and the Southwest United States), this insect lives on cacti in the genus ""Opuntia"", feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. The insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, collected by brushing them off the plants, and dried. The insect produces carminic acid that deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid, typically 17-24% of dried insects' weight, can be"
"to be of plant origin, using calcium oxide in order to gauge color depth. Carmine Carmine ( or ), also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color. The pigment is produced from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale and certain ""Porphyrophora"" species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics,"
"has spread from the Americas, where they naturally occur, to other regions where they grow, such as India. Cochineal is a red dye produced by a scale insect that lives on species of ""Opuntia"". Long used by the peoples of Central and North America, demand fell rapidly when European manufacturers began to produce synthetic dyes in the middle of the 19th century. Commercial production has now increased following a rise in demand for natural dyes. Cacti are used as construction materials. Living cactus fences are employed as barricades. The woody parts of cacti, such as ""Cereus repandus"" and ""Echinopsis atacamensis"","
"Erythrina americana Erythrina America, (coral tree or colorines), is a flowering plant of the genus ""Erythrina"" which is native to Mexico. Colorín (plural colorines) is the name of a type of tree, ""Erythrina americana"" also called Tzompāmitl. The word colorín means color chillón—a “gaudy” or “loud” color (Williams 1959). Colorines plant also called, cuchillitos (little knives) or machetitos (little machetes, zompantle or coral is a nice flower, red in color and every individual flower resembles a little machete, the flower is edible and is boiled (only the red part of the flower) and cooked with scrambled eggs or tuna in"
"experimental medical food being investigated for its effect on blood lipoproteins. Annatto Annatto ( or ) is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (""Bixa orellana"") native to tropical regions from Mexico to Brazil. It is often used to impart a yellow or orange color to foods, but sometimes also for its flavor and aroma. Its scent is described as ""slightly peppery with a hint of nutmeg"" and flavor as ""slightly nutty, sweet and peppery"". The color of annatto comes from various carotenoid pigments, mainly bixin and norbixin, found in the reddish waxy"
"probably made by submerging their hunting bolas in ink, and then throwing them up. The binder is unknown but the mineral pigments include iron oxides, producing reds and purples; kaolin, producing white; natrojarosite, producing yellow; and manganese oxide, which makes black. Carlos J. Gradin has studied the cave. Cueva de las Manos has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1999. Cueva de las Manos Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for Cave of Hands) is a cave or a series of caves located in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, south of the town of Perito Moreno. It is"
"time, reducing the economic viability of lac growing. While ""K. lacca"" is the most commonly cultivated species in many areas, the related ""K. yunnanensis"" is the most widely used species in China. Lac insects showing diverse body colours have been reported, they may show crimson or yellow body colours. Colour difference in lac insect is inherited as a unit character and crimson is dominant to yellow. Wild type insect possesses crimson body colour due to the presence of a complex closely resembling water-soluble polyhydroxy-anthraquinones, collectively called lac dye. Apart from their usage in food and cosmetics, these anthraquinones also exhibit"
"artists in the Upper Paleolithic age, probably because natural pigments such as red ochre and iron oxide were readily available where early people lived. Madder, a plant whose root could be made into a red dye, grew widely in Europe, Africa and Asia. The cave of Altamira in Spain has a painting of a bison colored with red ochre that dates to between 15,000 and 16,500 BC. A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus ""Kermes"", primarily ""Kermes"
"orange, various yellows and turquoise. These would be joined by other colors introduced by European and Asian contact, but always in bold tones. Even the production of colors ties into the history of craft making. Red pigment since pre-Hispanic times has made from the cochineal bug, which is crushed, dried and ground to a powder to mix into a liquid base. Design motifs can vary from purely indigenous to mostly European with some other elements thrown in. Geometric designs are prevalent and the most directly connected to Mexico’s pre-Hispanic past and/or items made by the country’s remaining purely indigenous communities."
"but its scientific name is unknown. Its vibrant purple dye is released in the same way as Sacatinta: by boiling the leaves for several days. When Doris Stone visited the Brunca community in 1968, there was much less variety in natural dye sources. Back then, the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) was not diverse, and the Brunca used the plants native to Costa Rica for their dyes. Nowadays, the Brunca have cultivated plant species that are native to Southeast Asia for dying purposes, such as ""Curcuma longa"" and ""Tectona grandis"", illustrating that the TEK has spread drastically over the past 40"
"""berry yielding scarlet dye"". See also the related word ""kermes"" which is the source of a similar but weaker Mediterranean dye also called crimson, which was used to color cloth red before discovery of cochineal in the New World. Some sources identify the Spanish source word for cochineal as ""cochinilla"" ""wood louse"" (a diminutive form of Spanish ""cochino"", cognate with French ""cochon"", meaning ""pig"")."" Cochineal dye was used by the Aztec and Maya peoples of North and Central America. Eleven cities conquered by Montezuma in the 15th century paid a yearly tribute of 2000 decorated cotton blankets and 40 bags"
"of products, ranging cosmetics, food, paint, fabric, etc. About 100,000 insects are needed to make a single kilogram of dye. The shade of red the dye yields depends on how the insect is processed. France is the world’s largest importer of carmine. Among the hundreds of different types of crickets, the house cricket (""Acheta domesticus"") is the most common type used for human consumption. The cricket is one of the most nutritious edible insects, and in many parts of the world, crickets are consumed dry-roasted, baked, deep-fried, and boiled. Cricket consumption may take the form of cricket flour, a powder"
"of Chilean pink flower (""Lapageria r."" specie), resembling light pale red-orange, pale vermilion nuance. Pale Dogwood is a beige-tinted shade of pink. The source of this color is the ""Pantone Textile Cotton eXtended (TCX)"" color list, color #13-1404 TCX—Pale Dogwood. Displayed at right is the color called ""pink"" in Pantone. In Pantone, this color is designated as ""Pink U"". The source of this color is the ""Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)"" color list, color #U—Pink. Mexican pink is a color that is used in clothing such as serapes and in the craft and fine art of traditional Mexican culture. ""Mexican"
"demand is making cultivation of the insect an attractive opportunity in other regions, such as in Mexico, where cochineal production had declined again owing to the numerous natural enemies of the scale insect. Apart from cochineal, the red dye betanin can be extracted from some ""Opuntia"" plants themselves. Fluid (""cactus juice"") extracted from ""Opuntia"" pads and stems, especially ""O. ficus-indica"", is one of the most commonly used additives in earthen plaster. The flesh (""mucilage"") of the cactus has been found to purify water. A project at the University of South Florida is investigating its potential for low-cost, large-scale water purification."
"before firing. Traditional dyes for textiles include those made from the cochineal insect, which produces various shades of red and a marine snail found on the state’s coastline for purple. Traditional fibers include cotton (brown and white), wool and maguey. Production techniques are largely unchanged since the pre Hispanic and colonial periods, made in family workshops, with labor often divided by sex, age and social status. A number of artisans and artisan families have gained reputation for fine products and the fine pieces can be found in museums in many parts of the world. There is also innovation in the"
"extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick (E120 or Natural Red 4). The carmine dye was used in North America in the 15th century for coloring fabrics and became an important export good during the colonial period. After synthetic pigments and dyes such as alizarin were invented in the late 19th century, natural-dye production gradually diminished. Health fears over artificial food additives, however, have renewed the popularity of cochineal dyes, and the increased"