"Octavius Catto Octavius Valentine Catto (February 22, 1839 – October 10, 1871) was a black educator, intellectual, and civil rights activist in Philadelphia. He became principal of male students at the Institute for Colored Youth, where he had also been educated. Born free in Charleston, South Carolina, in a prominent mixed-race family, he moved north as a boy with his family. He became educated and served as a teacher, becoming active in civil rights. As a man, he also became known as a top cricket and baseball player in 19th-century Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Catto became a martyr to racism, as he"
"Gaius Octavius Thurinus, the young future-emperor was adopted by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, after demonstrating promising wit and skill. After his great-uncle's assassination, Augustus (at this time known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) took vengeance upon Caesar's murderers, and through tactical political moves, became one of Rome's three “Triumvirs"" alongside Marc Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After defeating the other two triumvirs, and obtaining sole power over the Roman State, Augustus (known as ""Imperator"" Caesar Divi Filius), began taking measures to secure and increase his power. As a result, Augustus gave orders to exterminate Cleopatra's teenaged son, allegedly commenting, ""too"
"Octavia (gens) The gens Octavia was a plebeian family at Rome, which was raised to patrician status by Caesar during the first century BC. The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, quaestor ""circa"" 230 BC. Over the following two centuries, the Octavii held many of the highest offices of the state; but the most celebrated of the family was Gaius Octavius, the grandnephew and adopted son of Caesar, who was proclaimed ""Augustus"" by the senate in 27 BC. The Octavii originally came from the Volscian town of Velitrae, in the Alban Hills. The historian"
"the same name for at least four generations. Although the Octavii were an old and distinguished plebeian family, the gens was not divided into ""stirpes"" and had no hereditary cognomina; Octavius' father had put down a slave revolt at Thurii and was sometimes given the surname ""Thurinus"" (a cognomen ""ex virtute""), but this name was not passed down to the son. At the age of eighteen in 44 BC, Octavius was nominated ""magister equitum"" by his granduncle, Gaius Julius Caesar, who held the office of dictator. On the Ides of March, Caesar was assassinated, without legitimate children; but in his"
"possibly the most famous example of adoption in ancient Rome. Born into relative obscurity under the name ""Gaius Octavius"", he was adopted into the Julii Caesares by testament of his maternal great-uncle, the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Although Octavius changed his name to ""Gaius Julius Caesar,"" in accordance with Roman naming practices concerning adoption, he did not use the name ""Octavianus"" but preferred to emphasize his new status as an official Julian instead of reminding the public of his relatively humble origin as an Octavian. Nevertheless, after his adoption, historians refer to him as ""Octavian"" from 44 BC until 27"
"Sextii from ""Sextus"", and the Septimii from ""Septimus"". The chief praenomina used by the Octavii were ""Gnaeus, Gaius, Marcus"", and ""Lucius"". Examples of ""Publius"" and ""Servius"" are found under the Empire. Most of the Octavii of the Republic were descended from Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, who had two sons, Gnaeus and Gaius. The descendants of the younger Gnaeus held many of the higher magistracies, but the descendants of Gaius remained simple equites, who did not rise to any importance. The great-grandfather of Augustus served as a military tribune during the Second Punic War, and survived the Battle of Cannae; however, when"
"Gaius Octavian (Rome character) Gaius Octavian is a character in the HBO/BBC2 original television series ""Rome"", played by Max Pirkis as a child in season one and the beginning of season two, and in the rest of the second season he is played by Simon Woods. He is portrayed as a shrewd, if somewhat cold, young man, with an understanding of the world, people, philosophy, and politics that go well beyond his years. Despite this he is very power hungry, unaccomplished and uses the accomplishments of his male relatives in order to further his political career. The basis for this"
"as making him one of the wealthiest citizens in the Republic. Upon hearing of his adoptive father's death, Octavius abandoned his studies in Apollonia and sailed across the Adriatic Sea to Brundisium. Octavius became ""Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus"" or Octavian, the son of the great Caesar, and consequently also inherited the loyalty of much of the Roman populace. Octavian, aged only 18 at the time of Caesar's death, proved to have considerable political skills, and while Antony dealt with Decimus Brutus in the first round of the new civil wars, Octavian consolidated his tenuous position. Antony did not initially consider"
"against the Romans. When this plot was discovered and reported to the Roman Senate, the alarm wrought by the potential defection of a nominal ally prompted the appointment of a dictator. Gaius Maenius, who had been consul in 338 B.C., was nominated, and as his ""magister equitum"" he chose Marcus Foslius Flaccinator. Before the dictator's investigation could begin, and evidence could be given against them, the brothers took their own lives, thereby escaping trial. Ovius and Novius Calavius Ovius and Novius Calavius (both died in 314 BC), brothers, were the sons of Ofilius Calavius, a Campanian nobleman during the Second"
"adopted by will as his son and heir, becoming Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. After avenging himself on his uncle's murderers and political opponents, Octavian and his allies formed the Second triumvirate. After defeating his former friend, Marcus Antonius, at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian became the sole master of the Roman world. Four years later, the Senate granted him the title of ""Augustus"", which ever after signified the holder of imperial authority. Augustus maintained the outer forms of the Republic, while at the same time concentrating nearly the full power of the state in his own person."
"Gaius Matius Gaius Matius (fl. 1st century BC) (""PW"" 1) was a citizen of ancient Rome notable as a friend of Julius Caesar and of Cicero, who described him in a letter to Trabatius (53BC) as ""homo suavissimus doctissimusque"". A member of the ""gens"" Matia, he belonged to the party of Caesar, and helped Cicero in his relationship with Caesar in 49 and 48 BC. After the murder of Caesar, Matius, a dedicated Caesarian, warned of potential for grave repercussions including possible rebellions in Gaul or revolts of Caesar's legions. When Octavian came to Rome, Matius became one of his"
"Gaius Fulvius Plautianus Gaius or Lucius Fulvius Plautianus (c. 150 – 22 January 205) was a member of the Roman ""gens"" Fulvia. Plautianus was originally from Leptis Magna, southeast of Carthage (modern Libya, North Africa). He was a maternal cousin and long-time friend of the Emperor Septimius Severus. Plautianus' father was another Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, born c. 130, whose sister, Fulvia Pia (c. 125 - after 198), was married to Severus' father Publius Septimius Geta. Plautianus was ""Praefectus vigilum"" (commander of the ""Vigiles"" in Rome) from 193 to 197. Plautianus was appointed prefect of the Praetorian Guard in 197. Due"
"Gaius Valerius Flaccus Gaius Valerius Flaccus (; died ) was a 1st century Roman poet who flourished during the ""Silver Age"" under the Flavian dynasty, and wrote a Latin ""Argonautica"" that owes a great deal to Apollonius of Rhodes' more famous epic. The only widely accepted mention of Gaius Valerius Flaccus by his contemporaries is by Quintilian (10.1.90), who laments the recent death of ""Valerius Flaccus"" as a great loss; as Quintilian's work was finished about 90 AD, this traditionally gives a limit for the death of Flaccus. Recent scholarship, however, puts forward an alternative date of about 95AD, and"
"Gaius Valerius Flaccus Gaius Valerius Flaccus (; died ) was a 1st century Roman poet who flourished during the ""Silver Age"" under the Flavian dynasty, and wrote a Latin ""Argonautica"" that owes a great deal to Apollonius of Rhodes' more famous epic. The only widely accepted mention of Gaius Valerius Flaccus by his contemporaries is by Quintilian (10.1.90), who laments the recent death of ""Valerius Flaccus"" as a great loss; as Quintilian's work was finished about 90 AD, this traditionally gives a limit for the death of Flaccus. Recent scholarship, however, puts forward an alternative date of about 95AD, and"
"Gnaeus Octavius (consul 76 BC) Gnaeus Octavius was consul of the Roman Republic in 76 BC. His father Marcus Octavius was possibly either the Marcus who was the ""tribunus plebis"" in 133 BC, political opponent of Tiberius Gracchus, or the Marcus who was also ""tribunus plebis"" and brought forward a law raising the price at which corn was sold to the people. A member of the Plebeian gens Octavia, Gnaeus Octavius was elected Praetor by 79 BC at the latest. He may have been the ""praetor urbanus"" who introduced the ""Formula Octaviana"", a law which provided for the restoration of"
"Hortensia and had: Gaius Fulvius Plautianus Gaius or Lucius Fulvius Plautianus (c. 150 – 22 January 205) was a member of the Roman ""gens"" Fulvia. Plautianus was originally from Leptis Magna, southeast of Carthage (modern Libya, North Africa). He was a maternal cousin and long-time friend of the Emperor Septimius Severus. Plautianus' father was another Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, born c. 130, whose sister, Fulvia Pia (c. 125 - after 198), was married to Severus' father Publius Septimius Geta. Plautianus was ""Praefectus vigilum"" (commander of the ""Vigiles"" in Rome) from 193 to 197. Plautianus was appointed prefect of the Praetorian Guard"
"Rome about another conspiracy in Capua, led by Ovius and Novius Calavius, this time with the intent of detaching Campania from the Roman alliance and joining the Samnites. Alarmed, Rome again appointed Maenius as dictator, and he again turned to his trusted subordinate, Foslius, as his ""magister equitum"". Before the dictator's investigation could begin, and evidence could be given against them, the brothers took their own lives, thereby escaping trial. Smith, William, ""Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Vol. II"", Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1867 Gaius Maenius Gaius Maenius (possibly Gaius Maenius Antiaticus) was a Roman statesman"
"Marcus Antonius wished to throw contempt upon Augustus, he called this Gaius Octavius a freedman and a ""restio"", or rope-maker. The first of this family who was enrolled among the senators was Gaius Octavius, the father of Augustus. It is quite uncertain whether the ancestors of Augustus had anything to do with rope-making. During the Republic, none of the Octavii of this family bore any cognomen other than ""Rufus"", and even this is rarely mentioned. The surname, which means ""red,"" may have been obtained by one of the Octavii because he had red hair. A few other persons named ""Octavius"""
"Augustus (title) Augustus (plural augusti; ; , Latin for ""majestic"", ""the increaser"" or ""venerable""), was an ancient Roman title given as both name and title to Gaius Octavius (often referred to simply as Augustus), Rome's first Emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by Roman emperors thereafter. The feminine form ""Augusta"" was used for Roman empresses and other females of the Imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the Roman Republic, in connection with things considered divine or sacred in traditional Roman religion. Their use as"
"His grandfather had served in several local political offices. His father, also named Gaius Octavius, had been governor of Macedonia. His mother, Atia, was the niece of Julius Caesar. In 59 BC, when he was four years old, his father died. His mother married a former governor of Syria, Lucius Marcius Philippus. Philippus claimed descent from Alexander the Great, and was elected consul in 56 BC. Philippus never had much of an interest in young Octavius. Because of this, Octavius was raised by his grandmother, Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar. Julia died in 52 or 51 BC, and Octavius"
"can also be found, however rarely: ""Gaius Iulius Gai(i) filius Gai(i) nepos Caesar"" (""Gaius Julius Caesar, son of Gaius, grandson of Gaius""). Caesar often spoke of himself only as ""Caius Caesar"", omitting the ""nomen gentile Iulius"". After his senatorial consecration as Divus Iulius in 42 BC, the ""dictator perpetuo"" bore the posthumous name ""Imperator Gaius Iulius Caesar Divus"" (, best translated as ""Commander [and] God Gaius Julius Caesar""), which is mostly given as his official historical name. Suetonius also speaks of the additional cognomen ""Pater Patriae"", which would render Caesar's complete name as ""Imperator Gaius Iulius Caesar Pater Patriae Divus""."
"Gaius (praenomen) Gaius is a Latin ""praenomen"", or personal name, which was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. The feminine form is ""Gaia."" The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic ""gens Gavia"". The name was regularly abbreviated C., based on the original spelling of ""Caius"", which dates from the period before the letters ""C"" and ""G"" were differentiated. Throughout Roman history, Gaius was generally the second-most common praenomen, following only ""Lucius"". Although many prominent families did not use it at all, it was so widely distributed amongst all"
"feminine virtues. Full sister to Augustus, Octavia was the only daughter born of Gaius Octavius's second marriage to Atia Balba Caesonia, niece of Julius Caesar. Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. Her mother later remarried, to the consul Lucius Marcius Philippus. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. Marcius was in charge of educating Octavia and her brother Augustus. Before 54 BC her stepfather arranged for her to marry Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor. Marcellus was a man of consular rank, a man"
"as active during their political careers, especially during Gaius’. Plutarch writes of how Gaius removed a law that disgraced Marcus Octavius, the tribune whom Tiberius had deposed, because Cornelia asked him to remove it. Plutarch states that the people all approved of this out of respect for her (due to her sons and her father). Plutarch also writes that Cornelia may have helped Gaius undermine the power of the consul Lucius Opimius by hiring foreign harvesters to help provide resistance (which suggests that harvesters were supporters of the Gracchi). Plutarch also writes that, when one of Gaius's political opponents attacked"
"Gaius (jurist) Gaius (; ""fl."" AD 130–180) was a celebrated Roman jurist. Scholars know very little of his personal life. It is impossible to discover even his full name, Gaius or Caius being merely his personal name (""praenomen""). As with his name it is difficult to ascertain the span of his life, but it is safe to assume he lived from AD 110 to at least AD 179, since he wrote on legislation passed within that time. From internal evidence in his works it may be gathered that he flourished in the reigns of the emperors Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus"
"now exclusively known by his ""Octavius"", a dialogue on Christianity between the pagan Caecilius Natalis and the Christian Octavius Januarius. Written for educated non-Christians, the arguments are borrowed chiefly from Cicero, especially his ""De natura deorum"" (“Concerning the Nature of the Gods”), and Christian material, mainly from the Greek Apologists. The ""Octavius"" is admittedly earlier than Cyprian's ""Quod idola dei non sint"", which borrows from it; how much earlier can be determined only by settling the relation in which it stands to Tertullian's ""Apologeticum"". Stoic influences can also be seen in his work. Marcus Minucius Felix Marcus Minucius Felix (died"
"Gaius Norbanus Gaius Norbanus (died 82 BC), (possibly surnamed Balbus or Bulbus), was a Roman politician who was elected consul in 83 BC alongside Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus Asiagenus. He committed suicide during the civil war between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius the Younger. A member of the Plebeian ""gens"" Norbani, and a Novus homo, Gaius Norbanus first came to prominence when he was elected Tribune of the Plebs for 103 BC. He achieved notoriety for his prosecution of Quintus Servilius Caepio the Elder, where he accused Servilius Caepio of incompetence and dereliction of duty at the catastrophic defeat"
"Gaius Octavius his sole heir (hence the name Octavian), bequeathing him the immensely potent Caesar name and making him one of the wealthiest citizens in the Republic. The crowd at the funeral boiled over, throwing dry branches, furniture, and even clothing on to Caesar's funeral pyre, causing the flames to spin out of control, seriously damaging the Forum. The mob then attacked the houses of Brutus and Cassius, where they were repelled only with considerable difficulty, ultimately providing the spark for the civil war, fulfilling at least in part Antony's threat against the aristocrats. Antony did not foresee the ultimate"
"Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus was a Roman senator who was active during the late 1st and early 2nd centuries. He is best known as the older friend of Pliny the Younger, with whom Cornutus was suffect consul for the ""nundinium"" of September-October 100. How Cornutus is related to other known Romans of his time is unclear. Older authorities note that the one inscription that preserves his full name is missing the middle of the relevant line, and conclude from the name of his son, Gaius Julius Plancius Varius Cornutus, that Cornutus' full name may be Gaius"
"the fact that almost the entire senate fled alongside Pompey shows that Caesar's actions were at least perceived to be an act against the state itself rather than the person of Pompey: Caesar's power base was built almost exclusively on the loyalty of the soldiers who had served under him campaigning several years. Unlike Sulla, Caesar also failed to revert power to the state when the threat of Pompey had been removed, not just keeping his position as ""de facto"" ruler of the state but, immediately on his return from defeating Pompey, naming his grand-nephew Gaius Octavius (Octavian) as the"
"a conflict in post-World War III Europe. Poem ""Marius at the Ruins of Carthage"" by Letitia Elizabeth Landon in The Keepsake, 1833 Gaius Marius Gaius Marius (; 157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminating the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts. Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes (the Teutones, Ambrones, and the Cimbri), for which he was"
"Octavius a true political threat due to his young age and inexperience, but Octavius quickly gained the support and admiration of Caesar's friends and supporters. To combat Brutus and Cassius, who were massing an enormous army in Greece, Antony needed soldiers, the money from Caesar's war chests, and the legitimacy that Caesar's name would provide for any action he took against them. With passage of the Lex Titia on 27 November 43 BC, the Second Triumvirate was officially formed, composed of Antony, Octavian, and Caesar's Master of the Horse Lepidus. It formally deified Caesar as Divus Iulius in 42 BC,"
"""Gaius"" is an archaic Latin name and one of the earliest Roman praenomina. Before the introduction of the letter 'G' into the Latin alphabet, i.e. before the censorship of Appius Claudius Caecus in 312 BC, the name was only written as ""Caius"". The old spelling remained valid in later times and existed alongside ""Gaius"", especially in the form of the abbreviation ""C"". The only known original Roman etymology of ""Gaius"" is expressed as ""a gaudio parentum"", meaning that the name ""Gaius"" stems from the Latin verb ""gaudere"" (""to rejoice"", ""to be glad""). This etymology is commonly seen as incorrect, and"