"Person in need of supervision A person in need of supervision (PINS) is a term frequently used by social services agencies in the United States to describe a juvenile who is not currently in the household of a parent or legal guardian, or is currently not under their control as evidenced by the person's status offense, who is not an emancipated minor. The term is often abbreviated PINS. Usually, a person in need of supervision is a runaway, an orphan, a truant, or an unruly child. The term is most commonly used as a term of art in New York"
"post-nominal letters Esq., the abbreviated form of the word Esquire. Many American attorneys limit their practices to specialized fields of law. Often dichotomies are drawn between different types of attorneys, but, with the exception of patent law practice, these are neither fixed nor formal lines. Examples include: Despite these descriptions, some states forbid or discourage claims of specialization in particular areas of law unless the attorney has been certified by his or her state bar or state board of legal specialization. Some states grant formal certifications recognizing specialties. In California, for example, bar certification is offered in family law, appellate"
"right to that distinction for life."" By the early 20th century, it came to be used as a general courtesy title for any man in a formal setting, usually as a suffix to his name, as in ""Todd Smith, Esq."", with no precise significance. In the United Kingdom today, it is still occasionally used as a written style of address in formal or professional correspondence. In certain formal contexts, it remains an indication of a social status that is recognised in the formal Order of Precedence. In the United States, ""Esquire"" is mostly used to denote a lawyer, in a"
"was once used to distinguish a man who was an apprentice to a knight and is used for a man of socially high ranking. In the United States, ""Esq."" is used as a professional styling for a lawyer. In the United Kingdom, it is used by untitled males in social and business contexts, or occasionally by an untitled male heir to a hereditary peer. Professional titles include Esq., often used for an attorney (but not necessarily) in the United States who has passed a state bar examination, and CSA (casting) and ASCAP, which indicate membership in professional societies. The suffix"
"the United States do not use any titles, the law degree in that country is the Juris Doctor, a professional doctorate degree, and some J.D. holders in the United States use the title of ""Doctor"" in professional and academic situations. In countries where holders of the first law degree traditionally use the title of doctor (e.g. Peru, Brazil, Macau, Portugal, Argentina), J.D. holders who are attorneys will often use the title of doctor as well. It is common for English-language male lawyers to use the honorific suffix ""Esq."" (for ""Esquire""). In the United States the style is also used by"
"is correct, ""Esquire"" is typically written in full when addressing a diplomat. If any other titles are used on the same line, ""Esquire"" is omitted. Some fraternal groups use the Esquire title. One appendant body in Freemasonry also uses Esquire as a degree title. Honorifics are not used with courtesy titles, so ""John Smith, Esq."" or ""Mr John Smith"" would be correct, but ""Mr John Smith, Esq."" would be incorrect unless used for an attorney. When addressing a person who has an academic degree or other post-nominal professional designation, such as a Certified Public Accountant, a writer should use either"
"fact ratified by the required number of states (in the 1810s) to have become an operative part of the Constitution, and that, because this is so, actions taken by lawyers and judges, who use the title Esquire–asserted to be a title of nobility and monarchical–are unconstitutional. In fact, the use of ""Esquire"" by lawyers and judges is merely an informal custom in the United States, not a title with any legal standing. This contention, rarely raised before courts, was most recently addressed in ""Campion v. Towns"", No.CV-04-1516PHX-ROS, *2 n.1 (D. Ariz. 2005) as a defense to a charge of tax"
"Esquire Esquire (, ; abbreviated Esq.) is usually a courtesy title. In the United Kingdom, ""Esquire"" historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman and below the rank of knight. In 1826, William Blackstone reiterated that, ""the title should be limited to those only who bear an office of trust under the Crown and who are styled esquires by the king in their commissions and appointments; and all, I conceive, who are once honoured by the king with the title of esquire have a"
"forces as well as those who were inducted in to it from other services, temporarily or permanently, were also called esquires. Esquire Esquire (, ; abbreviated Esq.) is usually a courtesy title. In the United Kingdom, ""Esquire"" historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman and below the rank of knight. In 1826, William Blackstone reiterated that, ""the title should be limited to those only who bear an office of trust under the Crown and who are styled esquires by the king in their"
"the post-nominal designation (usually abbreviated) or the ""Esq."", but not both; as when esquire is used as ""courtesy title"", it should not be used with post-nominals. Before 1947, the term ""esquire"" was used by senior officers of the Indian Civil Service and other members of the government. In keeping with the criteria established centuries earlier, the title was mostly used by government officials who studied or trained in England, especially in the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, or London or other professional organisations managed by the government. Barristers were especially included in the order of the esquires. Members of the armed"
"to whom rightly belong lairds (those with territorial designations), Esquires and Gentlemen, ""known"" through the grant or matriculation of armorial bearings. The dignity of ""Esquire"" (post-nominal Esq.) is an official title in Scotland, unlike other parts of the world. For example, attorneys in the United States use ""Esquire"" as a courtesy title, and it is used by both men and women. In Scotland, the title is exclusively used by men, never women. Scottish armigers who are not peers, feudal barons, or lairds with territorial designations are addressed in correspondence as a post nominal Esq. by the Court of the Lord"
"The most common occurrence of term ""esquire"" today is in the addition of the suffix ""Esq."" in order to pay an informal compliment to a male recipient by way of implying gentle birth. There remain respected protocols for identifying those to whom it is thought most proper that the suffix should be given, especially in very formal or in official circumstances. The breadth of ""Esquire"" (as ""Esq."") had become universal in the United Kingdom by the mid 20th century, with no distinction in status being perceived between ""Mr"" and ""Esquire"". ""Esquire"" was used generally as the default title for all"
"project is sometimes required). As a professional training, it provides sufficient training for entry into practice (no apprenticeship is necessary to sit for the bar exam). It requires at least three academic years of full-time study. While the J.D. is a doctoral degree in the US, lawyers usually use the suffix of ""esquire"" as opposed to the prefix ""Dr."" Although calling an American lawyer ""doctor"" would not be incorrect, provided the attorney has a J.D. or other doctoral degree (as opposed to an LL.B., which is a baccalaureate, not a doctorate), the title is more commonly used in Europe and"
"invitations in an envelope with the suffix ""Esq."" after their names, while men of foreign nationalities instead have the prefix ""Mr"" (women are addressed as ""Miss"", ""Ms"", or ""Mrs""). The same practice applies for other post from the palace (e.g., to employees). Esquire is historically a feudal designation in Scotland. Today, the title of esquire is defined as a social dignity that refers to people of the Scottish gentry, who hold the next position in the Order of Precedence above Gentlemen. It is also used as a common courtesy in correspondence. Traditionally, this was one who was classified as a"
"Esquire Bedell An Esquire Bedell is a junior ceremonial officer of a university, usually with official duties relating to the conduct of ceremonies for the conferment of degrees. The word is closely related to the archaic ""bedel"" and modern English ""beadle"". The University of Cambridge historically had a beadle (usher) assisting with official ceremonies as well as being an administrative assistant of the chancellor and the proctors. The title of Gentleman Bedell, similar in status to a Gentleman Usher, was in use by 1392. The title Esquire Bedell was first used in 1473 and formally recognised in the university statutes"
"most common among lawyers, borrowing from the English tradition whereby all barristers were styled ""esquires"". (Solicitors were entitled only to the style ""Mr"".) In earlier years in the U.S., the title squire was given to a justice of the peace, for example Squire Jones. It was also used to mean justice of the peace as in the example, ""He was taken before the squire."" The connection to attorneys appears to have evolved from a time when squires meeting to negotiate a duel would instead resolve the dispute. Squire Starting in the Middle Ages, a squire was the shield- or armour-bearer"
"king. At least two notable late-medieval gentles are recorded contemporaneously as refusing knighthood, declaring that to be an ""Esquire of the Body"" was a far-greater honour. In the post-medieval world, the title of esquire came to belong to all men of the higher landed gentry; an esquire ranked socially above a gentleman but below a knight. In the modern world, the term has correspondingly often been extended (albeit only in very formal writing) to all men without any higher title. It is used post-nominally, usually in abbreviated form: ""John Smith, Esq."", for example. In the United States, this style is"
"suffix ""Esq."" in order to pay an informal compliment to a male recipient by way of implying gentle birth. In the post-medieval world, the title of ""esquire"" came to apply to all men of the higher landed gentry; an esquire ranked socially above a gentleman but below a knight. In the modern world, where all men are assumed to be gentlemen, the term has often been extended (albeit only in very formal writing) to all men without any higher title. It is used post-nominally, usually in abbreviated form (for example, ""Thomas Smith, Esq.""). A knight can be either a medieval"
"owned land in the form of country estates to such an extent that they were not required to actively work, except in an administrative capacity on their own lands. The estates were often (but not always) made up of tenanted farms, in which case the gentleman could live entirely off rent income. Esquire (abbreviated Esq.) is a term derived from the French ""écuyer"" (which also gave equerry) the lowest designation for a nobleman, referring only to males, and used to denote a high but indeterminate social status. The most common occurrence of term ""Esquire"" today is the conferral as the"
"as part of the drive to open up the legal system to the public and to make it easier and cheaper to obtain access to legal advice. It further reduces the distinction between solicitors and barristers. The distinction remains however because there are certain aspects of a solicitor's role that a barrister is not able to undertake. Some honorific suffixes to signify notable barristers may be ""Esquire"". Even though the term ""barrister-at-law"" is sometimes seen, and was once very common, it has never been formally correct in England and Wales. Barrister is the only correct nomenclature. In April 2003 there"
"departure from traditional use, and is irrespective of gender. In letters, a lawyer is customarily addressed by adding the suffix ""Esquire"" (abbreviated ""Esq.""), preceded by a comma, after the lawyer's full name. Chief Justice Coke (1552–1634) defined ""gentlemen"" as those who bear coat armour. From the 16th century such families were defined by the inclusion of their pedigrees within their county's heraldic visitations, which necessitated their submitting a return of their pedigree to the visiting herald at the specified location, generally one of the chief towns of the county. The 1623 Heraldic Visitation for Gloucestershire, for example, includes a section"
"Esquire. Eventually the position in the English royal household became more formal and did not necessarily involve dressing and undressing the monarch. The function clearly needed to change in the case of a female monarch, for example the poet and dramatist John Lyly was appointed an honorary Esquire of the Body in the late 1580s to Queen Elizabeth I in recognition of his services to her as an entertainer. Ladies-in-waiting performed the intimate tasks for the Queen which the Esquires had done for her father. The position of Esquire of the Body also existed in some other courts, such as"
"in gold or a helmet with a closed visor garnished in gold. The Court of the Lord Lyon will display the helm appropriate to their ""degree"", or social rank, in the illustration on the Letters Patent. The definition of esquire today includes: There is some confusion over the fact that the Lord Lyon King of Arms addresses correspondents by their name followed by ""Esq."" in correspondence, namely on letters. Some people erroneously believe that this makes them an esquire, however this is a common courtesy in Scotland, as in the rest of Britain, and does not constitute official recognition in"
"the hands of the Secretary of State, where it remained until 1950. People (known as ""Thirteenthers"") have claimed that the Titles of Nobility Amendment actually became part of the Constitution. It in fact was mistakenly included as the Thirteenth Amendment in some early 19th century printings of the Constitution. Between 1819 and 1867 the statutory law code of Virginia included it as well. This misconception has become significant because it is yoked with another misconception – that a lawyer's use of the word or abbreviation of ""Esquire"" after his name is a title of nobility acquired from a foreign power"
"'cadet for knighthood'. Today, the title of esquire is not bestowed on gentlemen, although certain positions carry with them the degree of esquire, such as that of advocate or Justice of the Peace. Whether an armiger is a gentleman, an esquire, or of a higher rank can be told by the type of helm depicted on the Letters Patent granting or matriculating the arms. In ""Scots Heraldry"", Sir Thomas Innes of Learney makes clear that a gentleman's helm is a closed pot helm, in plain steel, with no gold, whereas an esquire's helm can be a steel pot helm garnished"
"performance of their duties. The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as ""Officer"" or by their rank. In North America, several jurisdictions restrict the use of some professional titles to those individuals holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Individuals not authorised to use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles are often reserved to those professions that require a bachelor's degree or higher and a state, provincial, or national license. Some titles are used to show one's role or position in a society or organization. Some titles are used in"
"Of counsel Of counsel is the title of an attorney in the legal profession of the United States who often has a relationship with a law firm or an organization but is neither an associate nor partner. Some firms use titles such as ""counsel"", ""special counsel"", and ""senior counsel"" for the same concept. According to American Bar Association Formal Opinion 90-357, the term ""of counsel"" is used to describe a ""close, personal, continuous, and regular relationship"" between the firm and counsel lawyer.<ref name=""http://www.lacba.org/showpage.cfm?pageid=12424""></ref> In large law firms, the title generally denotes a lawyer with the experience of a partner, but"
"""esquires"" and ""gentlemen"" respectively, which still applies in terms of the official Order of Precedence. Examples of this may be found in the Parish Tithe Map Schedules made under the Tithe Commutation Act 1836. Later examples appear in the list of subscribers to ""The History of Elton"", by the Rev. Rose Fuller Whistler, published in 1892, which distinguishes between subscribers designated ""Mr"" (another way of indicating gentlemen) and those allowed ""Esquire"". But formal definitions like these were proposed because there was, in reality, no fixed criterion distinguishing those designated esquire: it was essentially a matter of impression as to whether"
"(M.A., M.S., M.F.A., LL.M, M.L.A., M.B.A., M.Sc., M.Eng etc.), the professional doctorate (J.D., M.D., D.O., Pharm.D., D.Min., etc.), and the academic doctorate (Ph.D., Ed.D., D.Phil., D.B.A., LL.D, Eng.D., etc.). In the case of doctorates, normally either the prefix (e.g. ""Dr."" or ""Atty."") or the suffix (e.g. ""J.D."", ""M.D."", ""D.O."", ""D.C."", or ""Ph.D."") is used, but both can be used at the same time due to preferences of different countries. In the United States, the suffix is the preferred format (thus allowing differentiation between types of doctorate) in written documentation. Such titles may be given by: The style ""Esq."" or ""Esquire"""
"United States, the United Kingdom, France, Australia and Japan. Sewing professional is the most general term for those who make their living by sewing, teaching, writing about sewing, or retailing sewing supplies. They may work out of their home, a studio, or retail shop, and may work part-time or full-time. They may be any or all or the following sub-specialties: The profession's denomination, ""Tailor"", is a common surname in many languages: ""Taylor"" (English), ""Couturier"" (French), ""Schroeder"", ""Schneider"", and ""Schneiderman"" (German), ""Sarti"" (Italian), ""Siuvejas"" (Lithuanian), ""Szabó"" (Hungarian), ""Croitoru"" (Romanian), ""Sastre"" (Spanish), ""Krawiec"" (""Kravitz"") (Polish), ""Portnoy"" (Russian), ""Krejčí"" (Czech), ""Darzi"" (Hindi/Urdu), ""Snijder"","
"Equerry An equerry (; from French 'stable', and related to 'squire') is an officer of honour. Historically, it was a senior attendant with responsibilities for the horses of a person of rank. In contemporary use, it is a personal attendant, usually upon a sovereign, a member of a royal family, or a national representative. The role is equivalent to an aide-de-camp, but the term is now prevalent only in the Commonwealth of Nations. Australian equerries are commissioned officers in the Australian Defence Force, appointed on an ""ad hoc"" basis to the Queen of Australia, Governor General, state governors or to"
"""Doctor"". Although lawyers in the United States do not customarily use the title, the law degree in that country is the Juris Doctor, a professional doctorate. Some J.D. holders in the United States use the title of doctor in professional situations, although ethics board decisions have varied on whether this is permissible or might mislead the public into believing the lawyer was medically qualified or had a PhD. It is also sometimes used by J.D. holders in academic situations. In 2011, ""Mother Jones"" published an article claiming that Michele Bachmann was misrepresenting her qualifications by using the ""bogus"" title Dr."
"who does not carry the same workload or business development responsibility. Formal Opinion 90-357 of the American Bar Association provides four acceptable definitions of the term: The title may be used in a number of situations, including: Some firms also use the term to refer to attorneys hired on a temporary basis to assist with a particular case. However, because ""of counsel"" describes ""a close, regular, personal relationship"", temporary lawyers used by law firms to engage in document reviews for a specific project or for limited duration are not ""of counsel"". The average annual base salary for “of counsel” in"