"in a behaviour known as ""breaching"". Some semi-aquatic birds use terrestrial locomotion, surface swimming, underwater swimming and flying (e.g., ducks, swans). Diving birds also use diving locomotion (e.g., dippers, aulks). Some birds (e.g., ratites) have lost the primary locomotion of flight. The largest of these, ostriches, when being pursued by a predator, have been known to reach speeds over , and can maintain a steady speed of , which makes the ostrich the world's fastest two-legged animal: Ostriches can also locomote by swimming. Penguins either waddle on their feet or slide on their bellies across the snow, a movement called"
"a push to roll some distance, until by doing this multiple times it could get far enough away from the lions to be safe. Moving like this would allow a pangolin to cover distance while still remaining in a protective armoured ball. Moroccan flic-flac spider The fastest terrestrial animal is the cheetah, which can attain maximal sprint speeds of approximately 104 km/h (64 mph). The fastest running lizard is the black iguana, which has been recorded moving at speed of up to 34.9 km/h (21.7 mph). Terrestrial locomotion Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments."
"running. The top speed is very hard to measure accurately and varies between individuals; it can run 35 mph for 4 mi (56 km/h for 6 km), 42 mph for 1 mi (67 km/h for 1.6 km), and 55 mph for 0.5 mi (88.5 km/h for 0.8 km). It is often cited as the second-fastest land animal, second only to the cheetah. It can, however, sustain high speeds longer than cheetahs. University of Idaho zoologist John Byers has suggested the pronghorn evolved its running ability to escape from extinct predators such as the American cheetah, since its speed greatly exceeds"
"Fastest animals This is a list of the fastest animals in the world, grouped by types of animal. The fastest land animal is the cheetah, which has a recorded speed of . The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird and the fastest member of the animal kingdom with a diving speed of . The fastest animal in the sea is the black marlin, which has a recorded speed of . While comparing between various classes of animals, a different unit is used, body length per second for organisms. The fastest organism on earth, relative to body length, is the South"
"are individual, ambush predators, Cheetahs (""Acinonyx jubatus"") are pursuit predators. Widely known as the fastest terrestrial animal, with speeds reaching 61–64 miles per hour, cheetahs take advantage of their speed during chases. However, their speed and acceleration also have disadvantages, as both can only be sustained for short periods of time. Studies show that cheetahs can maintain maximum speed for a distance of approximately 500 yards. Due to these limitations, cheetahs are often observed running at moderate speeds during chases. There are claims that the key to cheetahs' pursuit success may not be just their speed. Cheetahs are extremely agile,"
"never been domesticated. They are among the fastest mammals, as they can run as fast as 64 km/h (40 mph) to 70 km/h (43 mph). The onager is closely related to the African wild ass, as they both shared the same ancestor. The kiang, formerly considered a subspecies of ""Equus hemionus"", diverged from the Asiatic wild ass and has been acknowledged as a distinct species. The onager formerly had a wider range from southwest and central to northern Asian countries, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Afghanistan, Russia, and Siberia. During early 20th century, the species lost most"
"their background. While the Greyhound is credited as being the fastest dog breed up to distances of around , both the Saluki and Whippet breeds are thought to be faster over longer distances. In 1996, The Guinness Book of Records listed a Saluki as being the fastest dog, capable of reaching a speed of . Due to its heavily padded feet being able to absorb the impact on its body, the Saluki has remarkable stamina when running. Historically, the ancestors of the modern Saluki breed were used for hunting by nomadic tribes. Typical quarry included the gazelle, hare, fox and"
"Californian mite ""Paratarsotomus macropalpis"", which has a speed of 322 body lengths per second. The equivalent speed for a human running as fast as this mite would be . This is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle, ""Cicindela eburneola"", the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at or 171 body lengths per second. The cheetah, the fastest land mammal, scores at only 16 body lengths per second while Anna's hummingbird has the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate Fastest animals This is a list of"
"and small animals. ""C. similis"" and ""C. quinquecarinata"" are popular as pets. At least two species, ""Ctenosaura pectinata"" and ""Ctenosaura similis"", have been introduced into southern areas of Texas and Florida. The world record sprint speed for lizards (21.5 miles/h or 34.6 km/h) was attained by the Costa Rican spiny-tailed iguana, hence the nickname ""Iguana"" from the jungle guard Andrés Pmorado (""Ctenosaura similis""). The genus ""Ctenosaura"" represents the most diverse group of iguanas with 13 currently recognized species and at least two unrecognized species. These species inhabit lowland dry forests, below elevation, on both coasts of Mexico and Central America."
"the invasive Eurasian tamarisk, also known as saltcedar, threatens native plants by crowding, using most of the available water, and increasing soil salinity by exuding salt through its leaves. Some of the larger animals roaming the grasslands include pronghorns, black-tailed jackrabbits (hares), Gunnison's prairie dogs, coyotes, bobcats and foxes. Pronghorns, the fastest land animals in North America, are capable of sprints. They are the second fastest land animal on Earth. The blood vessels in the huge, thin-walled ears of the jackrabbits act as heat exchangers. These hares are known for their bursts of speed, long leaps, and zigzag routes, all"
"sprint of the World Championships in Berlin on 16 August 2009 by Usain Bolt. (Bolt's ""average"" speed over the course of this race was 37.58 km/h or 23.35 mph.) Maximum human sprint speed is strikingly slower than that of many animals. Compared to other land animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance, but incapable of great speed. For example, cheetahs can attain short bursts of speed well over 100 km/h (62 mph), the American quarter horse has topped 88 km/h (55 mph), greyhounds can reach 70 km/h (43 mph), and the Mongolian wild ass has been measured at 64 km/h"
"lethal temperatures for most vertebrates. The most heat-resistant insects are three genera of desert ants recorded from three different parts of the world. The ants have developed a lifestyle of scavenging for short durations during the hottest hours of the day, in excess of , for the carcasses of insects and other forms of life which have succumbed to heat stress. In April 2014, the South Californian mite ""Paratarsotomus macropalpis"" has been recorded as the world's fastest land animal relative to body length, at a speed of 322 body lengths per second. Besides the unusually great speed of the mites,"
"the ocean floor. The sand star (""Luidia foliolata"") can travel at a speed of per minute. Sunflower starfish are quick, efficient hunters, moving at a speed of using 15,000 tube feet. Many animals temporarily change the number of legs they use for locomotion in different circumstances. For example, many quadrupedal animals switch to bipedalism to reach low-level browse on trees. The genus of ""Basiliscus"" are arboreal lizards that usually use quadrupedalism in the trees. When frightened, they can drop to water below and run across the surface on their hind limbs at about 1.5 m/s for a distance of approximately"
"run fast. Some (e.g. klipspringer) are also adapted to inhabiting rock koppies and crags. Both dibatags and gerenuks habitually stand on their two hind legs to reach acacia and other tree foliage. Different antelope have different body types, which can affect movement. Duikers are short, bush-dwelling antelope that can pick through dense foliage and dive into the shadows rapidly. Gazelles and springbok are known for their speed and leaping abilities. Even larger antelope, such as nilgai, elands, and kudus, are capable of jumping or greater, although their running speed is restricted by their greater mass. Antelope have a wide variety"
"(elk), ""Odocoileus sp."") (H), pronghorn (H), white-lipped peccary (H), muskox (H), bighorn sheep (H), and mountain goat (H); the list of survivors also include species which were extirpated during the Quaternary extinction event, but recolonised at least part of their ranges during the mid-holocene from South American relict populations, such as the cougar (C), jaguar (C), giant anteater (C), collared peccary (H), ocelot (C), margay (C), and jaguarundi (C). All save the pronghorns and giant anteaters were descended from Asian ancestors that had evolved with human predators. Pronghorns are the second fastest land mammal (after the cheetah), which may have"
"hare (""Caprolagus hispidus""), and four species known as red rock hares (comprising ""Pronolagus""). Conversely, Jackrabbits are hares, rather than rabbits. A hare less than one year old is called a leveret. A group of hares is called a ""drove"". Hares are swift animals: The European hare (""Lepus europaeus"") can run up to . The five species of jackrabbits found in central and western North America are able to run at , and can leap up to 3 m (10 ft) at a time. Normally a shy animal, the European brown hare changes its behavior in spring, when they can be"
"had 146 cubs born at its facilities. The cheetah is the world's fast animal and can reach speeds over 60 miles per hour. To show off this speed, White Oak hosts ""cheetah runs"", which feature cheetahs chasing lures for long distances across fields. Similar types of events are hosted by other wildlife facilities, and they provide exercise and enrichment for the cheetahs while giving people the opportunity to see the cats at full speed. Classified as vulnerable and suffering from habitat loss and hunting, cassowaries inhabit northern Australia, Ceram, Aru Island, and New Guinea. A breeding pair lives at White"
"vigorously. American bison can run up to 35 miles per hour (55 km/h) and are surprising agile, in addition to their notable strength and irritable temperament. Significant apex predators that are found in Yellowstone National Park and may threaten bison include American black bears, Grizzly bears and wolves. Other large mammals found in Yellowstone include elk, moose, coyotes, bobcats, deer, pronghorn, and bighorn sheep. Wolves and bears are clearly successful predators of bison, but bison meat is not a major component of their diet. Competitive pressure from the other large grazing mammals in Yellowstone Park may also help limit the"
"(40 mph). Even the domestic cat may reach 48 km/h (30 mph). Footspeed Footspeed, or sprint speed, is the maximum speed at which a human can run. It is affected by many factors, varies greatly throughout the population, and is important in athletics and many sports, such as association football, rugby, American football, track and field, hockey, baseball and basketball. The key determinant of footspeed in sprinting is the predominance of one distinct type of muscle fibre over another, specifically the ratio of fast-twitch muscles to slow-twitch muscles in a sprinter's physical makeup. Though fast-twitch muscles produce no more energy"
"after BigDog was deemed too loud to be used in combat. Instead of wheels, BigDog used four legs for movement, allowing it to move across surfaces that would defeat wheels. Called ""the world's most ambitious legged robot"", it was designed to carry alongside a soldier at , traversing rough terrain at inclines up to 35 degrees. The Cheetah is a four-footed robot that gallops at , which as of August 2012 is a land speed record for legged robots. By 2018 the robot was able to climb stairs. A similar but independently developed robot also known as Cheetah is made"
"other carnivores; this may be due to vultures and spotted hyena adroitly capturing and consuming heavy carcasses within a short time. In Central Asia, the cheetah competed with grey wolf, and to a lesser extent also with striped hyena, leopard and caracal. The cheetah's thin and light body makes it well-suited to short, explosive bursts of speed, rapid acceleration, and an ability to execute extreme changes in direction while moving at high speed. These adaptations account for much of the cheetah's ability to catch fast-moving prey. The cheetah is the fastest land animal. It was called the ""felid version of"
"it after chickens and other birds that spend most of their lives on the ground, as these are the fastest two-legged animals in nature. ATRIAS Assume The Robot Is A Sphere, better known by the acronym ATRIAS, is a bipedal robot developed by researchers at Oregon State University's Dynamic Robotics Laboratory. It is capable of walking on two legs at about 3 miles per hour with the assistance of multiple people to ensure it remains upright. Its developers first successfully tested its walking abilities outdoors in April 2015. ATRIAS also appeared at the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge, held from June"
"Mau, which can clock up to 30 miles per hour, faster than any other domestic cat breed in the world. In descending order, Becker lists the other swift domestic cats: the Abyssinian cat, the Somali cat, the Bengal cat, the Savannah cat, the Manx cat (""He can jump and accelerate through the house like there's no tomorrow. Watch for his sharp turns and quick stops – you'll think he's a mini sports car in the shape of a cat.""), the Siamese cat, the Ocicat, and the Oriental Shorthair. The average house cat can outspeed the average house dog (excluding those"
". They can quickly change their direction between jumps. The rapid locomotion of the banner-tailed kangaroo rat may minimize energy cost and predation risk. Its use of a ""move-freeze"" mode may also make it less conspicuous to nocturnal predators. Frogs are, relative to their size, the best jumpers of all vertebrates. The Australian rocket frog, ""Litoria nasuta"", can leap over , more than fifty times its body length. Other animals move in terrestrial habitats without the aid of legs. Earthworms crawl by a peristalsis, the same rhythmic contractions that propel food through the digestive tract. Leeches and geometer moth caterpillars"
"ranging in height from and weight . They have shaggy brown feathers. Tinamous range in size from and weigh . Many of the larger ratite birds have extremely long legs and the largest living bird, the ostrich, can run at speeds over 35 mph (60 km/h). Emus have long, strong legs and can run up to . Cassowaries and rheas show a similar likeness in agility and some extinct forms may have reached speeds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Today, the ratites are largely restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, though across the Cenozoic they were also present in Europe, North"
"Limitations of animal running speed Limitations of animal running speed provides an overview of how various factors determine the maximum running speed. Some terrestrial animals are built for achieving extremely high speeds, such as the cheetah, pronghorn, race horse and greyhound, while humans can train to achieve high sprint speeds. There is no single determinant of maximum running speed: however, certain factors stand out against others and have been investigated in both animals and humans. These factors include: Muscle moment arms, foot morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle fiber type. Each factor contributes to the ground reaction force (GRF) and foot"
"Tillman holds the Guinness World Record for ""Fastest 100 m on a skateboard by a dog."" Another dog, Extreme Pete, can do the half pipe and ride a skateboard down stairs. Other skateboarding dogs are Xiao Bai (Whitey) who skates in Taipei Park in Taiwan., Biuf - The Skater Dog who started a skateboarding bulldog club in Lima, Peru and Otto Bulldog Skater who is the first dog in Peru that skates, sandboards, skimboards, and surfs. Also Otto Bulldog Skater holds a Guinness World Record for ""Longest human tunnel traveled through by a dog skateboarder"" and is the first dog"
"Book of World Records lists this as the world's fastest lizard, with a maximal sprint speed of 34.6 km/h. They are primarily herbivorous, eating flowers, leaves, stems, and fruit, but they will opportunistically eat smaller animals, eggs and arthropods. Juveniles tend to be insectivores, becoming more herbivorous as they get older. They are known to eat the fruit and live in the limbs of the manchineel, a tree highly poisonous to most other animals. The black spiny-tailed iguana is native to Central America, and has the widest range of all ""Ctenosaura"" species from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to northeastern Nicaragua"
"(""Lepus europaeus""). Faster dogs were needed for coursing, or running down the hares (the hare can run at speeds up to 72 km/h / 45 mph.) The Longdogs were developed, mixing various types to get a dog with the preferred style of coursing. Coursing with purebred Greyhounds is still considered an ""elite"" sport. ""Longdog"" is a song by folk duo Show of Hands - the gist of the song being that if you own a Longdog you are probably a poacher. Show of Hands' fan club members refer to themselves as Longdogs. Longdog A Longdog is a crossbreed between two"
"closest relatives of domestic cattle native to North America, bison were never domesticated by Native Americans. Later attempts of domestication by Europeans prior to the 20th century met with limited success. Bison were described as having a ""wild and ungovernable temper""; they can jump close to vertically, and run 35–40 mph (56–64 km/h) when agitated. This agility and speed, combined with their great size and weight, makes bison herds difficult to confine, as they can easily escape or destroy most fencing systems, including most razor wire. About 500,000 bison currently exist on private lands and around 30,000 on public lands"
"more effectively transmitted locomotory forces from the foot to the lower leg than in earlier theropods. A 2017 study estimated the top running speed of ""Tyrannosaurus"" as 17 mph (27 km/h), speculating that ""Tyrannosaurus"" exhausted its energy reserves long before reaching top speed, resulting in a parabola-like relationship between size and speed. A 2017 study found that an adult ""Tyrannosaurus"" was incapable of running due to high skeletal loads. Using a calculated weight estimate of 7 tons, the model showed that speeds above 11 mph (18 km/h) would have probably shattered the leg bones of ""Tyrannosaurus"". The finding may mean"
"with no boom to stable itself. MABEL (robot) MABEL (robot) is a robot engineered in 2009 by researchers at the University of Michigan, which is well known for being the world's fastest bipedal (two-legged) robot with knees. MABEL is able to reach speeds of up to 3.6 m/s (6.8 mph). The name MABEL is an acronym for Michigan Anthropomorphic Biped With Electronic Legs. The creators include J.W. Grizzle, Jonathan Hurst, Hae-Won Park, Koushil Sreenath, and Alireza Ramezani. MABEL weighs 143 pounds (65 kilograms) with most of its weight being in the top torso area. The legs contain large springs and"
"of . The Kangal Shepherd Dog is not as heavy as some other Mastiff breeds, allowing it greater speed and agility than larger dogs. Kangal Shepherd Dogs can reach speeds of up to 50 km (30 miles) per hour. The under-layer provides insulation against both severe Anatolian winters and the fierce summer sun, while the outer-layer repels water and snow. This combination of coat allows it to regulate its core temperature more efficiently, while the coat is dense enough to repel rupture from wolf bites. Further differences between the KIF standard and those used internationally are found in the guidelines"