"ranks Iran's press situation as ""very serious"", the worst ranking on their five-point scale. RSF regards Iran as one of the world’s biggest prisons for journalists. Censorship in Iran encompasses a wide range of subject matter. The agendas behind such censorship are varied; some are stated outright by Iranian government itself and some are surmised by observers inside and out of the country. Censorship in Iran is largely seen as a measure to maintain the stability of the country. Censorship helps prevent unapproved reformist, counter-revolutionary, or religious proponents, peaceful or otherwise, from organizing themselves and spreading their ideals. In 2007,"
"again favorable to the British (although the D'Arcy Concession was softened). On 21 March 1935, Reza Shah changed the name of the country from Persia to Iran. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was then renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC). In 1941, after the Nazi invasion of the USSR, the British and Commonwealth of Nations forces and the Red Army invaded Iran. Reza Shah had declared neutrality in World War II, and tried to balance between the two major powers, Britain and Nazi Germany. The primary reason for the invasion was in order to secure Iran's oil fields and the Trans-Iranian"
"the name ""Iran"" instead of ""Persia"" for all purposes. In the British House of Commons the move was reported upon by the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs as follows: The decree of Reza Shah Pahlavi affecting nomenclature duly took effect on 21 March 1935. To avoid confusion between the two neighboring countries Iran and Iraq, which were both involved in WWII and occupied by the Allies, Winston Churchill requested from the Iranian government during the Teheran Conference for the old and distinct name ""Persia to be used by the United Nations [i.e., the Allies] for the duration"
"to the fact that, in the Western world, Iran was known as ""Persia"". On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi asked foreign delegates to use the term Iran, the endonym of the country used since the Sasanian Empire, in formal correspondence. Since then the use of the word ""Iran"" has become more common in the Western countries. This also changed the usage of the terms for Iranian nationality, and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from ""Persian"" to ""Iranian"". In 1959, the government of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both ""Persia"" and"
"resulted in Iran ceding Dagestan, Georgia, and most of Azerbaijan to Russia. The Turkmanchey Treaty of 1828 decisively ended centuries of Iranian control of its Caucasian provinces, and made Iran cede what is present-day Armenia, the remainder of Azerbaijan and Igdir (eastern Turkey), and set the modern boundary along the Aras River. On the Nowruz of 1935, the endonym ""Iran"" was adopted as the official international name of Persia by its ruler Reza Shah Pahlavi. However, in 1959, the government of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both ""Persia"" and ""Iran"" could officially be used interchangeably."
"Western countries. In 1935, Reza Shah asked foreign delegates and League of Nations to use the term Iran (""Land of the Aryans""), the endonym of the country, used by its native people, in formal correspondence. Since then, in the Western World, the use of the word ""Iran"" has become more common. This also changed the usage of the names for the Iranian nationality, and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from Persian to Iranian. In 1959, the government of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both ""Persia"" and ""Iran"" could officially be used interchangeably."
"this very day, the king of Persia is call'd ""Padsha Iran"" [""padshah""='king'], and the great vizier, ""Iran Medary"" [i.e. ""medari""='facilitator'], the Pole of Persia"""". Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the official name of the country is ""Islamic Republic of Iran"". Iran (word) The modern Persian name of Iran () derives immediately from 3rd-century Sassanian Middle Persian (Pahlavi spelling: ""ʼyrʼn""), where it initially meant ""of the Iranians"", but soon also acquired a geographical connotation in the sense of ""(lands inhabited by) Iranians"". In both geographic and demonymic senses, ""ērān"" is distinguished from its antonymic ""anērān"", meaning ""non-Iran(ian)"". In the geographic"
"in present-day Iranian Azarbaijan and Iranian Kurdistan, south of the modern state. Despite this difference, the present name was chosen by the Musavat to replace the Russian names Transcaucasia and Baku in 1918. ""Azerbaijan"" derives from Persian ""Āzarbāydjān"", from earlier ""Ādharbāyagān"" and ""Ādharbādhagān"", from Middle Persian ""Āturpātākān"", from Old Persian ""Atropatkan"". From its founding it was officially known as the ""Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic"". When the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was abolished, the name was changed to the ""Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic"" according to the 1937 and 1978 Azerbaijan SSR constitutions. Upon independence, it was renamed to the ""Republic"
"Fleet. Crimea (tentatively dubbed ""Gotenland"" by the Nazis) was nevertheless to be fortified to ensure permanent German possession of the peninsula, and the Black Sea exploited as an ""unlimited"" resource of seafood. Allied-occupied Iran was also to be drawn into the Axis camp, possibly by the means of an uprising. The possibility of Iran as an anti-Soviet bastion was already considered in the 1930s, and coincided with Hitler's declaration of Iran as an ""Aryan state"" (the name ""Iran"" literally means ""homeland of the Aryans"" in Persian). The changing of Persia's name to Iran in 1935 was done by the Shah"
"Iran Iran ( ), also called Persia () and officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran ( ), is a country in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country. Comprising a land area of , it is the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf"
"Iran: Nazi ideology was most common among Persian officials, elites, and intellectuals, but ""even some members of non-Persian groups were eager to identify themselves with the Nazis"" and a supposed Aryan race. Hitler declared Iran to be an ""Aryan state""; the changing of Persia's name to Iran in 1935 was done by the Shah at the suggestion of the German ambassador to Iran as an act of ""Aryan solidarity."" In 1936, the Nazi Office of Racial Politics, in response to a question from the German Foreign Ministry, classified non-Jewish Turks as Europeans, but ""left unanswered the question of how to"
"2015, and marked a significant breakthrough in the 12-year history of negotiations with Iran over its nuclear programme. When Donald Trump was campaigning to become President of the US, he repeatedly said he would abandon the Iran nuclear deal. After he was appointed president, the USA announced to withdraw from the agreement on the 8th of May 2018. History of Iran The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt"
"a coup d'état in 1925 and called himself ""shah."" He was a modernizer who had little use for traditional religion, but collaborated with the Germans. Iran proclaimed neutrality when the war began in 1939. British and Soviet forces occupied Iran in August 1941, deposed the Shah, and installed his son Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. Iran, with a largely rural population of 13 million, had oil wells and became a major route for shipping military supplies from the U.S. to the Soviet Union. At the Tehran Conference of 1943, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill issued the Tehran Declaration that guaranteed the post-war"
"operations in 1936. In 1935, Rezā Shāh requested the international community to refer to Persia as 'Iran', which was reflected in the name change of APOC to the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC). In 1947, British Petroleum Chemicals was incorporated as a joint venture of AIOC and The Distillers Company. In 1956, the company was renamed British Hydrocarbon Chemicals. Following World War II, nationalistic sentiments were on the rise in the Middle East; most notable being Iranian nationalism, and Arab Nationalism. In Iran, the AIOC and the pro-western Iranian government led by Prime Minister Ali Razmara resisted nationalist calls to revise"
"the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty, proved unable to stop British and Soviet encroachment on Iranian sovereignty, had his position extremely weakened by a military coup, and was removed from power by the parliament while in France. The National Senate, known as the ""Majlis"", convening as a Constituent Assembly on 12 December 1925, deposed the young Ahmad Shah Qajar, and declared Reza Khan the new King (""Shah"") of the Imperial State of Persia. In 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi asked foreign delegates to use the endonym Iran in formal correspondence and the official name the Imperial State of Iran ("
"Achaemenids in the Middle Persian book of Arda Viraf refers to the invasion of Iran by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. The Proto-Iranian term for Iran is reconstructed as *Aryānām (the genitive plural of the word *Arya); the Avestan equivalent is ""Airyanem"" (as in Airyanem Vaejah). The internal preference for ""Iran"" was noted in some Western reference books (e.g. the Harmsworth Encyclopaedia, ""circa"" 1907, entry for Iran: ""The name is now the official designation of Persia."") but for international purposes, ""Persia"" was the norm. In the mid 1930s, the ruler of the country, Reza Shah Pahlavi, moved towards formalising"
"in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856. In 1925, Reza Khan, a former Brigadier-General of the Persian Cossack Brigade, deposed the Qajar dynasty and declared himself king (shah), adopting the dynastic name of ""Pahlavi"", which recalls the Middle Persian language of the Sasanian Empire. By the mid-1930s, Rezā Shāh's strong secular rule caused dissatisfaction among some groups, particularly the clergy, who opposed his reforms, but the middle and upper-middle class of Iran liked what Rezā Shāh did. In 1935, Rezā Shāh issued a decree asking foreign delegates to use the term Iran in formal correspondence, in accordance with the fact that"
"Military history of Iran With thousands of years of recorded history, and due to an unchanging geographic (and subsequently geopolitical) condition, Iran (previously known as Persia in the West until 1935) has had a long, varied, and checkered military culture and history, ranging from triumphant and unchallenged ancient military supremacy affording effective superpower status in its day, to a series of near catastrophic defeats (beginning with the destruction of Elam) at the hand of previously subdued and conquered peripheral nations (including Greece, Macedon and the Asiatic nomadic tribes at the Eastern boundary of the lands traditionally home to the Iranian"
"route to be developed to supply Soviet needs. English-language official documents from the Persian Corridor period continue to make the word ""Persia"" interchangeable with the name of Iran. In correspondence by the government of the United Kingdom, usage of ""Persia"" over ""Iran"" was chosen by Winston Churchill to avoid possible confusion with neighbouring Iraq. Following Germany's invasion of the USSR in June 1941, Britain and the Soviet Union became allies. Britain and the USSR saw the newly opened Trans-Iranian Railway as an attractive route to transport supplies from the Persian Gulf to the Soviet Union. Britain and the USSR used"
"to get American troops back home. The Islamic Republic of Iran, or more commonly known by its shorthand name Iran, was described as a problem area in the February 2005 report by Porter Goss, then CIA Director, to the Senate Intelligence Committee. ""In early February, the spokesman of Iran's Supreme Council for National Security publicly announced that Iran would never scrap its nuclear program. This came in the midst of negotiations with EU-3 members (Britain, Germany and France) seeking objective guarantees from Tehran that it will not use nuclear technology for nuclear weapons. This unsurprising given the political instability that"
"Swedish Iranians Swedish Iranians or Swedish Persians consist of people of Iranian nationality who have settled in Sweden, as well as Swedish residents and citizens of Iranian heritage. Swedish-Iranian is used interchangeably with Swedish-Persian, partly due to the fact that, in the Western world, Iran was known as ""Persia"". On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi asked foreign delegates to use the term Iran, the endonym of the country used since the Sasanian Empire, in formal correspondence. Since then the use of the word ""Iran"" has become more common in the Western countries. This also changed the usage of"
"1933. The minister of finance, Prince Nosrat-od-Dowleh Firouz Mirza who played an important role in the first three years of his reign was convicted on similar charges in May 1930 and also died in prison in January 1938. Ali-Akbar Davar, his minister of justice, was suspected of similar charges and committed suicide in February 1937. The elimination of these ministers ""deprived"" Iran ""of her most dynamic figures ... and the burden of government fell heavily on Reza Shah"" according to historian Cyrus Ghani In the Western world, Persia (or its cognates) was historically the common name for Iran in the"
"part of the reason for this. Becoming an engineer or a doctor is a mantra in many families. Abundantly represented minorities amongst the Swedish Iranians, like in other Iranian diaspora nations are Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Armenians and Assyrians. Swedish Iranians Swedish Iranians or Swedish Persians consist of people of Iranian nationality who have settled in Sweden, as well as Swedish residents and citizens of Iranian heritage. Swedish-Iranian is used interchangeably with Swedish-Persian, partly due to the fact that, in the Western world, Iran was known as ""Persia"". On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi asked foreign delegates to use the"
"History of Iran The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back"
"strategic defence plan. In contrast, the Shah's regime did not develop what critics believe was an economically justifiable east-west railway system. However nowadays, it is importance of north south transit corridor is considered as important and there is no justification about west-east transit. On 21 March 1935, he issued a decree asking foreign delegates to use the term ""Iran"" in formal correspondence, in accordance with the fact that ""Persia"" was a term used for a country identified as ""Iran"" in the Persian language. It was, however, attributed more to the Iranian people than others, particularly the language. Opponents claimed that"
"and his refusal to allow Iranian territory to be used to train or supply Soviet troops against Germany, were the strongest motives for the Allied invasion of Iran. Because of its importance in the Allied victory, Iran was subsequently called ""The Bridge of Victory"" by Winston Churchill. By the 1950s Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was engaged in a power struggle with Iran's prime minister, Mohammad Mosaddegh, an immediate descendant of the preceding Qajar dynasty. Mosaddegh led a general strike on behalf of impoverished Iranians, demanding a share of the nation's petroleum revenue from Britain's Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. However, he overstepped in"
"Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan, which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September 1980 and declared it a new province of Iraq. With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become ""the defender of the Arab world"" against a revolutionary Iran. The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed"
"in 1828. The treaty established the current borders of Tsarist Russia and Iran. and divided the Azerbaijani people between two nations; Iran and Azerbaijan. Until 1918, the region was still known as Aran, until the Mussavatis, renamed the region as Azerbaijan, resembling the historical name of the Iranian province of Azarbaijan. In the Russian-controlled territories, two provinces were established that later constituted the bulk of the modern Republic - Elisavetpol (Ganja) province in the west, and Shamakha province in the east. At the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, an independent republic was proclaimed in Tbilisi on May 28,"
"of the common War"". His request was approved immediately by the Iranian Foreign Ministry. The American side, however, continued using ""Iran"" as it had at the time little involvement in Iraq to cause any such confusion. In the summer of 1959, following concerns that the native name had, as one politician put it, ""turned a known into an unknown"", a committee was formed, led by noted scholar Ehsan Yarshater, to consider the issue again. They recommended a reversal of the 1935 decision, and Mohammad Reza Shah approved this. However, the implementation of the proposal was weak, simply allowing ""Persia"" and"
"Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. According to the book ""Documents on the Persian Gulf's Name, the Eternal Heritage of Ancient Time"": the term ""Persian Gulf"" and its equivalents have been used continuously since 400 BC in all languages specially in the Arabic language. In 1964 the Arab League ratified a change of the name to the Arabian Gulf (Al khaleej Al Arabi), apparently a change accepted by many Arab-speaking countries. After the Iran–Iraq War, the decision was realised. The act angered Iran/Iranians, especially when the Arabs used the new appellation in the English mass media. While historical documents show"
"of Islam. Functioning again as a leading power, this time amongst the neighboring Ottoman Empire, its arch-rival for centuries, Iran had been a monarchy ruled by an emperor almost without interruption from 1501 until the 1979 Iranian Revolution, when Iran officially became an Islamic republic on April 1, 1979. Over the course of the first half of the 19th century, Iran lost many of its territories in the Caucasus, which had been a part of Iran for centuries, comprising modern-day Eastern Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to its rapidly expanding and emerged neighboring rival, the Russian Empire, following the Russo-Persian"
"in northern Iran, adjacent to the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan. Soviet troops were stationed in northwestern Iran during the war. They not only refused to withdraw in 1945 but backed revolts that established short-lived, pro-Soviet separatist national states called the Azerbaijan People's Government and the Republic of Kurdistan. The issue was debated at the United Nations, and in 1946 Moscow abandoned its position, and the conflict was permanently resolved peacefully, with a pro-western government resuming control. Iran did not become a major battlefield of the Cold War, but it had its own history of confrontation with Britain and the United"
"Montreal Area, and the remainder are spread out in the other major cities in Canada based on the 2016 Canadian Census. These numbers represent the people who stated ""Iranian"" as their (or one of their) ethnic origin in the census survey. Iranian-Canadian is used interchangeably with Persian-Canadian, partly due to the fact that, in the Western world, Iran was known as ""Persia"". On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi asked foreign delegates to use the term Iran, the endonym of the country used since the Sasanian Empire, in formal correspondence. Since then the use of the word ""Iran"" has"