"story of survival likely inspired the 1719 novel ""Robinson Crusoe"" by Daniel Defoe. The author Jonathan Franzen wrote an essay in ""The New Yorker"" about his brief stay on the island while mourning the suicide of his friend and fellow author David Foster Wallace, some of whose ashes Franzen scattered on the island. Alejandro Selkirk Island Alejandro Selkirk Island (), previously known as Más Afuera (Farther Out (to Sea)) and renamed after the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk, is the largest and most westerly island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago of the Valparaíso Region of Chile. It is situated west of"
"Hawkins, in 1593 . From then until 1816 many pirates came to the archipelago. Alexander Selkirk, (1676 – 13 December 1721), also known as Alexander Selcraig, was a Scottish sailor who was the man whose adventures on the islands of Juan Fernández (explorer), (c. 1536 – c. 1604) was a Spanish explorer and navigator in the Pacific regions of the Viceroyalty of Peru and Captaincy General of Chile west of colonial South America who inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, visited the Galapagos in 1708 after he was rescued from the island of Juan Fernández by the privateer Woodes"
"(1688) had come from her theatrical experience. Delarivier Manley's ""New Atlantis"" (1709) comes closest to an inheritor of Behn's, but her novel, while political and satirical, was a minor scandal. On the other hand, Daniel Defoe's ""Robinson Crusoe"" (1719) was the first major novel of the new century. Defoe had written political and religious polemics prior to ""Robinson Crusoe,"" and he worked as a journalist during and after its composition. Thus, Defoe encountered the memoirs of Alexander Selkirk, who was a rather brutish individual who had been stranded in South America on an island for some years. Defoe took the"
"Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk (167613 December 1721) was a Scottish privateer and Royal Navy officer who spent four years and four months as a castaway (1704–1709) after being marooned by his captain on an uninhabited island in the South Pacific Ocean. He survived that ordeal, but succumbed to tropical illness a dozen years later while serving aboard off West Africa. Selkirk was an unruly youth, and joined buccaneering voyages to the South Pacific during the War of the Spanish Succession. One such expedition was on ""Cinque Ports"", captained by Thomas Stradling under the overall command of William Dampier. Stradling's ship"
"the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk was also marooned there, living in solitude for four years and four months. Selkirk had been gravely concerned about the seaworthiness of his ship, ""Cinque Ports"" (which ended up sinking very shortly after), and declared his wish to be left on the island during a mid-voyage restocking stop. His captain, Thomas Stradling, a colleague on the voyage of privateer and explorer William Dampier, was tired of his dissent and obliged. All Selkirk had left with him was a musket, gunpowder, carpenter's tools, a knife, a Bible, and some clothing. The story of Selkirk's rescue is"
"of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean. Selkirk, a sailor with the Dampier expedition, was worried about the unseaworthy condition of his ship, the ""Cinque Ports"", and had argued with the captain until he left him ashore on the island where they had briefly stopped for water and food supplies. The ""Cinque Ports"" later sank with the loss of most of her crew. Selkirk was not rescued until four years later, by Woodes Rogers. Selkirk's travails provided the inspiration for Daniel Defoe's novel ""Robinson Crusoe"". Today, one of the islands on the Chilean coast is named Alejandro Selkirk Island and another"
"and was abandoned for more than four years on a deserted island. That case, and perhaps another similar one carried out by a certain Pedro Serrano, were sources for English writer Daniel Defoes' novel ""Robinson Crusoe"". Selkirk, a rebellious and egotistical pirate, is the pilot of the ""Esperanza"", an English galleon that sails the southern seas looking for treasure. Through gambling he earns the present and future savings of his companions, winning the enmity of the crew and Captain Bullock, who decides to leave him on a desert island. The critic Diego Batle said that to the rhythm of a"
"with most of its crew being lost. Being a voluntary castaway, Selkirk was able to gather numerous provisions to help him to survive, including a musket, gunpowder, carpenter's tools, a knife, a Bible, and clothing. He survived on the island for four years and four months, building huts and hunting the plentiful wildlife before his rescue on 2 February 1709. His adventures are said to be a possible inspiration for ""Robinson Crusoe"", a novel by Daniel Defoe published in 1719. Philip Ashton, born in Marblehead, Massachusetts in 1702, was captured by pirates while fishing near the coast of Nova Scotia"
"being adept at hunting, taming wild beasts and making use of the resources available. Selkirk's story is the inspiration for the 1719 novel, ""Robinson Crusoe"". This book also covers other topics of interest. Among these are their own privateering (pirating), the expedition of ships capturing many other vessels ostensibly from targets of the English crown, and contains early documentation of the Galapagos islands later made famous by Charles Darwin's ""The Voyage of the Beagle"". Woodes Rogers wrote his own account, ""A Cruising Voyage Round the World"" since narratives of voyages were popular reading material at the time. In 1718, ""Queen"
"Coleridge's albatross-shooting Ancient Mariner, Selkirk, probably the original for Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Dampier, possibly the inspiration for Jonathan Swift's Lemuel Gulliver (of ""Gulliver's Travels""), shared the same vessel. Opportunities for plundering were soon found; they captured several vessels, while negotiating the ransom of the town of Guayaquil in present-day Ecuador by threatening to burn it. Hatley played his part in these exploits, being in the ""Duchess""'s pinnace as part of a planned boarding party, when the expedition's two ships fought and captured a Spanish vessel known as the ""Havre de Grace"" in the Gulf of Guayaquil on 15"
"course, writers. Some similarities between Auster and a supporting character in ""Oracle Night""—John Trause—are also apparent. Trause, an anagram of Auster, also lived in Paris for a period of his life. Oracle Night Oracle Night is a 2003 novel by American author Paul Auster. The novel is about a writer named Sidney Orr (a short, Americanized version of the Polish surname Orlovsky), who, after making a miraculous recovery from near fatal illness, buys a new notebook and starts writing a story about a man who completely changed his life when he realised how much his existence was ruled by randomness."
"Rogers to have had such instruments in his possession. The artefact was discovered while excavating a site not far from Selkirk's Lookout where the famous castaway is believed to have lived. Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk (167613 December 1721) was a Scottish privateer and Royal Navy officer who spent four years and four months as a castaway (1704–1709) after being marooned by his captain on an uninhabited island in the South Pacific Ocean. He survived that ordeal, but succumbed to tropical illness a dozen years later while serving aboard off West Africa. Selkirk was an unruly youth, and joined buccaneering voyages"
"types of novel. Daniel Defoe's ""Robinson Crusoe"" (1719) was the first major novel of the new century and was published in more editions than any other works besides ""Gulliver's Travels"" (Mullan 252). Defoe worked as a journalist during and after its composition, and therefore he encountered the memoirs of Alexander Selkirk, who had been stranded in South America on an island for some years. Defoe took aspects of the actual life and, from that, generated a fictional life, satisfying an essentially journalistic market with his fiction (Hunter 331–338). In the 1720s, Defoe interviewed famed criminals and produced accounts of their"
"in 1709 by Woodes Rogers during an English expedition that led to the publication of Selkirk's adventures in both ""A Voyage to the South Sea, and Round the World"" and ""A Cruising Voyage Around the World"" in 1712. According to Tim Severin, ""Daniel Defoe, a secretive man, neither confirmed or denied that Selkirk was the model for the hero of his book. Apparently written in six months or less, ""Robinson Crusoe"" was a publishing phenomenon. The author of ""Crusoe's Island,"" Andrew Lambert states, ""the ideas that a single, real Crusoe is a 'false premise' because Crusoe's story is a complex"
"to believe he was a real person and the book a travelogue of true incidents. Epistolary, confessional, and didactic in form, the book is presented as an autobiography of the title character (whose birth name is Robinson Kreutznaer)—a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical desert island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers, before ultimately being rescued. The story has been thought to be based on the life of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish castaway who lived for four years on a Pacific island called ""Más a Tierra"", now part of Chile, which was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island"
"the Jacobite rising of 1745, Lord Selkirk was constantly troubled by the plight of his Scottish kin. Selkirk was influenced by humanitarian luminaries such as William Wilberforce and, following the forced displacement of Scottish farmers that took place during the Highland Clearances, decided that emigration was the only viable option to improve the livelihood of the Scottish people. Upon inheriting his father's title in 1799, Selkirk focused the majority of his time and resources on establishing a Scottish colony in North America. Selkirk became interested in the Red River region after reading Alexander MacKenzie's Voyages in 1801; however, Selkirk was"
"most of his crew survive. After his voyage, he wrote an account of it, titled ""A Cruising Voyage Round the World"". Edward Cooke, an officer aboard ""Duchess"", also wrote a book, ""A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World"", and beat Rogers to print by several months. Rogers' book was much more successful, with many readers fascinated by the account of Selkirk's rescue, which Cooke had slighted. Among those interested in Selkirk's adventure was Daniel Defoe, who appears to have read about it, and fictionalised the story as ""Robinson Crusoe"". While Rogers' book enjoyed financial success, it had"
"The first and second parts of his epic magnum opus ""The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin"" (""Жизнь и необычайные приключения солдата Ивана Чонкина"") are set in the Red Army during World War II, satirically exposing the daily absurdities of the totalitarian regime. ""Chonkin"" is now a widely known figure in Russian popular culture and the book was also made into a film by the Czech director Jiří Menzel. Many have pointed out the similarities between the story about Chonkin and ""The Good Soldier Švejk"". The third part of the novel was published in 2007. Not as well"
"Deborah Alcock Deborah Alcock (1835–1913) is best known as the author of historical fiction on religious themes. She was born in Kilkenny, where her father, the Venerable John Alcock, became Archdeacon of Waterford. She lived with her father, writing a memoir of him on his death, and stayed umarried herself. Her work ""The Spanish Brothers"", published in 1870, was set in the 16th century and was a tale of Protestant martyrdom. Other work includes ""The Czar"" (1882), set during the French invasion of Russia; ""Archie’s Chances"" (1886), and ""Prisoners of hope"" (1894). A biography of her, The Author of Spanish"
"May Alcott (1868-9) 21. Middlemarch by George Eliot (1871-2) 22. The Way We Live Now by Anthony Trollope (1875) 23. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain (1884/5) 24. Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson (1886) 25. Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K Jerome (1889) 26. The Sign of Four by Arthur Conan Doyle (1890) 27. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891) 28. New Grub Street by George Gissing (1891) 29. Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy (1895) 30. The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane (1895) 31. Dracula by Bram Stoker (1897) 32."
"disease. Dampier was able to guide the ships to little-known Juan Fernandez Island to replenish supplies of fresh produce. On 1 February 1709, as they neared the island, the sailors spotted a fire ashore and feared that it might be a shore party from a Spanish vessel. The next morning Rogers sent a party ashore and discovered that the fire was from Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who had been stranded there four years previously. Selkirk was to become an inspiration for the classic novel ""Robinson Crusoe"", written by Rogers' friend, Daniel Defoe. Rogers found Selkirk to be ""wild-looking"" and ""wearing"
"He was also very popular around the world; his tales of the American West captivated children everywhere, including Europe and Russia. Among his books, many of which were popular in translation in Poland and Russia, were ""The Rifle Rangers"" (1850), ""Scalp Hunters"" (1851), ""Boy Hunters"" (1853), ""War Trail"" (1851), ""Boy Tar"" (1859), and ""Headless Horseman"" (1865/6). Vladimir Nabokov recalled ""The Headless Horseman"" as a favourite adventure novel of his childhood years—""which had given him a vision of the prairies and the great open spaces and the overarching sky."" At 11, Nabokov even translated ""The Headless Horseman"" into French alexandrines. Alexander"
"of the English Association. Holbrook wrote several novels based on his own life and his family history. These were not romans à clef—most characters were identified by their real names—but they were closely based on real events without the constraints of veracity. The novels were not written in the internal chronological order. His first novel (""Flesh Wounds"" (1966)) told the story of the escapades of Paul Grimmer (Holbrook's fictionalised persona) as a tank officer in the Normandy invasions. The events of Grimmer's adolescent life up to his enlistment were recounted in ""A Play of Passion"" (1978), which told of his"
"Biography in 2000 and was shortlisted for the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. In 2001 she departed from her usual genre to publish ""Selkirk’s Island"", an account of Alexander Selkirk’s years as a castaway on Isla Más a Tierra (now better known as Robinson Crusoe Island) in the Juan Fernández archipelago. Booksellers and librarians had been puzzling whether to classify ""Selkirk's Island"" as fact, fiction, faction, fable or fantasy when it won the 2001 Whitbread Biography Award. Returning to lesbian biography Souhami's, ""Wild Girls"" (2004) is a dual biography of Romaine Brooks, the American-born artist and her lover Natalie Barney"
"to reform their lives. Tolstoy not only drew from his own life experiences but also created characters in his own image, such as Pierre Bezukhov and Prince Andrei in ""War and Peace"", Levin in ""Anna Karenina"" and to some extent, Prince Nekhlyudov in ""Resurrection"". ""War and Peace"" is generally thought to be one of the greatest novels ever written, remarkable for its dramatic breadth and unity. Its vast canvas includes 580 characters, many historical with others fictional. The story moves from family life to the headquarters of Napoleon, from the court of Alexander I of Russia to the battlefields of"
"parts of the world, many people reacted against the authorities and makeshift politics. Agitation for reform was carried on in particular by several intellectuals, among them the most influential were Svetolik Ranković, Milovan Glišić, Janko Veselinović, and Laza Lazarević of Serbia, and Aleko Konstantinov and Tsanko Tserkovski of Bulgaria. Ranković began publishing his literary works in 1892. In an attempt to debunk the Serbian haiduk myth which reached its apogee with Janko Veselinović's novel ""Haiduk Stanko"" (1896). Ranković's novel ""Gorski Car"" (The Mountain Tsar) which appeared a year later, and may be seen as a counterpart to it. In 1886"
"voyage by the Cape of Good Hope as the sailing master of ""Duke"", arriving at the Downs off the English coast on 1 October 1711. He had been away for eight years. Selkirk's experience as a castaway aroused a great deal of attention in England. Fellow crewmember Edward Cooke mentioned Selkirk's ordeal in a book chronicling their privateering expedition, ""A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World"" (1712). A more detailed recounting was published by the expedition's leader, Rogers, within months. The following year, prominent essayist Richard Steele wrote an article about him for ""The Englishman"" newspaper. Selkirk"
"of their prize ships, ""Increase"", before it was ransomed by the Spanish. Selkirk returned to privateering with a vengeance. At Guayaquil in present-day Ecuador, he led a boat crew up the Guayas River where a number of wealthy Spanish ladies had fled, and looted the gold and jewels they had hidden inside their clothing. His part in the hunt for treasure galleons along the coast of Mexico resulted in the capture of ""Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación y Desengaño"", renamed ""Bachelor"", on which he served as sailing master under Captain Dover to the Dutch East Indies. Selkirk completed the around-the-world"
"of his men, and the investors in the expedition doubled their money. The expedition made Rogers a national hero, but his brother was killed and Rogers was badly wounded in fights in the Pacific. On his return, he was successfully sued by his crew on the grounds that they had not received their fair share of the expedition profits, and Rogers was forced into bankruptcy. He wrote of his maritime experiences in the book ""A Cruising Voyage Round the World"", which sold well, in part due to public fascination at Selkirk's rescue. Rogers was twice appointed Governor of the Bahamas,"
"example is ""The Adventures of Bulukiya"", where the protagonist Bulukiya's quest for the herb of immortality leads him to explore the seas, journey to the Garden of Eden and to Jahannam, and travel across the cosmos to different worlds much larger than his own world, anticipating elements of galactic science fiction; along the way, he encounters societies of jinns, mermaids, talking serpents, talking trees, and other forms of life. In another ""Arabian Nights"" tale, the protagonist Abdullah the Fisherman gains the ability to breathe underwater and discovers an underwater submarine society that is portrayed as an inverted reflection of society"
"actual life and, from that, generated a fictional life. Instead of an expelled Scotsman, Crusoe became a devout Puritan. Instead of remaining alone the entire time, Crusoe encountered a savage named Friday, whom he civilized. The actual Selkirk had been a slave trader, and Crusoe becomes a far more enlightened teacher and missionary. Travel writing sold very well during the period, and tales of extraordinary adventures with pirates and savages were devoured by the public, and Defoe satisfied an essentially journalistic market with his fiction. Defoe would continue to draw from life and news for his next novels. In the"
"to Coleridge, there is Byron (alongside the fictional 19th-century poet William Ashbless created by Powers and James Blaylock). Other real people characterized in the novel are the famous publisher John Murray and Dr. Romanelli, the physician who treated Byron for a fever while he traveled in Greece. The novel intertwines a number of real events into the story such as the massacre of the Mamluk beys by Muhammad Ali in 1811 and the failed rebellion by James, Duke of Monmouth against James II in the 1680s. Powers was apparently heavily influenced in style, descriptions and character types by Mayhew's ""London"
"a bestseller. Two years later he published ""The Glorious Adventure"", which retraced Ulysses' adventures throughout the Classical Greek world as recounted in Homer's The Odyssey, and which included his visiting the grave of English poet Rupert Brooke on the island of Skyros. In 1929 Halliburton published ""New Worlds To Conquer"", which recounted his famous swim of the Panama Canal, his retracing the track of Cortez' conquest of Mexico, and cast him in the role, in full goat-skin costume, of Robinson Crusoe (Alexander Selkirk), ""cast away"" on the island of Tobago. Animals figure prominently in this adventure as in many of"