"from Scotland itself. Others take it to come from the same root as ""the Alps"", possibly being an ancient word for mountain and therefore related to the north end of Britain. Caledonia is an old Latin name for Scotland, deriving from the Caledonii tribe. It is unknown what name the Caledonians used of themselves, though it was possibly based on a Brythonic word for ""hard ""or ""tough"" (represented by the modern Welsh ""caled""). Etymology of Scotland Scotland ( ) is a country that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and forms part of the United Kingdom."
"Ireland (also called Hibernia by the Romans) and later for Scotland, the Scoti peoples having originated in Ireland and resettled in Scotland. Another, post-conquest, Roman name for the island of Great Britain was Albion, which is cognate with the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland: ""Alba"". Caledonia Caledonia () is the Latin name given by the Romans to the land in today's Scotland, north of their province of ""Britannia"", beyond the frontier of their empire. The etymology of the name is probably from a P-Celtic source. Its modern usage is as a romantic or poetic name for Scotland as a whole,"
"Scotia Scotia is a Latin placename derived from ""Scoti"", a Latin name for Ireland, meaning the land of the Gaels. Originally, it meant the land of the Gaels: Ireland and part of northern Britain. From the 9th century, its meaning gradually shifted, so that it came to mean only the part of Britain lying north of the Firth of Forth: the Kingdom of Alba or Scotland. By the later Middle Ages it had become the fixed Latin term for what in English is called Scotland. The Romans named Ireland ""Scotia"" around 500 A.D The name of ""Scotland"" is derived from"
"Caledonia Caledonia () is the Latin name given by the Romans to the land in today's Scotland, north of their province of ""Britannia"", beyond the frontier of their empire. The etymology of the name is probably from a P-Celtic source. Its modern usage is as a romantic or poetic name for Scotland as a whole, comparable with Hibernia for Ireland and Cambria for Wales. The original use of the name, by Tacitus, Ptolemy, Lucan and Pliny the Elder, referred to the area (or parts of the area) later known as ""Pictavia"" or Pictland north of Hadrian's Wall in today's Scotland."
"Roman writers, such as Caesar, Pliny and Tacitus, derived from """"Ivernia"""" the name Hibernia. Thus the name Hibernian also comes from this root (although the Romans tended to call the isle Scotia, and the Gaels """"Scoti""""). From the 5th to 10th centuries, early Scotland was home to the following people and cultures: the Picts, Dál Riata also known as Gaels, the Britons, Angles and the Vikings. The Romans began to use the term ""Scoti"" to describe the Gaels in Latin from the 4th century onward. In the context of the times, the Gaels were raiding the west coast of Britain"
"Scoti Scoti or Scotti is a Latin name for the Gaels, first attested in the late 3rd century. At first it referred to all Gaels, whether in Ireland or Britain, but later it came to refer only to Gaels in northern Britain. The kingdom their culture spread to became known as ""Scotia"" or Scotland, and eventually all its inhabitants came to be known as Scots. An early use of the word can be found in the ""Nomina Provinciarum Omnium"" (Names of All the Provinces), which dates to about AD 312. This is a short list of the names and provinces"
"of the Roman empire from Britain in the early fifth century. The three groups that lived in Scotland at this time were the Picts in the north east, the Britons in the south, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde, and the Gaels or Scotti (who would later give their name to Scotland), of the Irish petty kingdom of Dál Riata in the west. Kenneth MacAlpin is traditionally viewed as the first king of a united Scotland (known as Scotia to writers in Latin, or Alba to the Scots). The expansion of Scottish dominions continued over the next two centuries, as other"
"Etymology of Scotland Scotland ( ) is a country that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and forms part of the United Kingdom. The name of ""Scotland"" is derived from the Latin ""Scoti"", the term applied to Gaels. The origin of the word ""Scoti"" (or ""Scotti"") is uncertain. Brian Boru famously referred to himself in an inscription in the Book of Armagh as a Scot. ""Brian “Boru” MacCinneteig, Lion of Thomond, and Emperor of the Irish, was “the last great High King of Ireland” from 1002-1014; Famous for crushing the Viking oppression of Ireland in Limerick"
"partially southern Dagestan. However, unlike the names of the other two European countries, this name was an exonym given to them by the Romans, as no one knew what these inhabitants called themselves. Compare also the land in Caucasus called Iberia, and the Iberian peninsula in Europe. The Udi people and their language, the Udi language, are descendants of the ancient people of Caucasian Albania. Alba, a Gaelic name for Scotland, may be related to the Greek name of Britain Albion, Latinized as ""Albania"" during the High Medieval period, and later passed into Middle English as Albany. Some recent scholarship"
"was the Latin name given by the Romans to the area of modern-day Scotland, and with Nova Scotia translating as 'New Scotland', also from Latin, the names in the area obviously reflect this heritage. In 1884, Caledonia served as the hub for the gold rush in the nearby communities of Whiteburne and North Brookfield. The N.F. Douglas lumber mill in Caledonia was one of the area's main employers until its closure in 2014. Other industries include forestry, farming, a blueberry processing operation, and Kejimkujik National Park. Caledonia has a range of shops and services including; grocery, pharmacy, hardware store, gas"
"times, ""Albania"" was a name for the eastern Caucasus, while in the English languages ""Albania"" (or ""Albany"") was occasionally used as a name for Scotland, although it is more likely derived from the Latin ""albus"", the color white. The Latin word ""Alpes"" could possibly come from the adjective ""albus"" (“white”). In modern languages the term ""alp"", ""alm"", ""albe"" or ""alpe"" refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An ""alp"" refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be"
"on the ""Scotia"" root (cf. Dutch ""Schotland"", French ""Écosse"", Czech ""Skotsko"", Zulu ""IsiKotilandi"", Māori ""Koterana"", Hakka ""Sû-kak-làn"", Quechua ""Iskusya"", Turkish ""İskoçya"" etc.), either directly or via intermediate languages. The only exceptions are the Celtic languages where the names are based on the Alba root, e.g. Manx ""Nalbin"", Welsh ""Yr Alban"", Irish ""Albain."" Scotia was a way of saying ""Land of the Gaels""; compare ""Angli"" and ""Anglia""; ""Franci"" and ""Francia""; ""Romani"" and ""Romania""; etc. It originally was used as a name for Ireland, for example in Adomnán's ""Life of Columba"", and when Isidore of Seville in 580 CE writes ""Scotia and"
"divided into 32 subdivisions, known as local authorities, or councils. Glasgow City is the largest subdivision in Scotland in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision. ""Scotland"" comes from ""Scoti"", the Latin name for the Gaels. Philip Freeman has speculated on the likelihood of a group of raiders adopting a name from an Indo-European root, *""skot"", citing the parallel in Greek ""skotos"" (σκότος), meaning ""darkness, gloom"". The Late Latin word ""Scotia"" (""land"
"southern Scotland. ""Domnonia"" also occurs and shares a linguistic relationship with the Breton region of Domnonée, . The kingdom is named after the Dumnonii, a British Celtic tribe living in the southwest at the time of the Roman invasion of Britain, according to Ptolemy's ""Geography"". Variants of the name ""Dumnonia"" include ""Domnonia"" and ""Damnonia"", the latter being used by Gildas in the 6th century as a pun on ""damnation"" to deprecate the area's contemporary ruler Constantine. The name has etymological origins in the proto-Celtic root word ""*dubno-"", meaning both ""deep"" and ""world"". Groups with similar names existed in Scotland (""Damnonii"")"
"their languages nor the terms they used to describe themselves have survived. As late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, ""Iouerne"" and ""Hiverne"" to the Greeks, and Hibernia to the Romans. Scotland takes its name from Scota, who in Irish mythology, Scottish mythology, and pseudohistory, is the name given to two different mythological daughters of two different Egyptian Pharaohs to whom the Gaels traced their ancestry, allegedly"
"Constantine II of Scotland Constantine, son of Áed (Medieval Gaelic: ""Constantín mac Áeda""; Modern Gaelic: ""Còiseam mac Aoidh"", known in most modern regnal lists as Constantine II; died 952) was an early King of Scotland, known then by the Gaelic name ""Alba"". The Kingdom of Alba, a name which first appears in Constantine's lifetime, was situated in modern-day Scotland. The core of the kingdom was formed by the lands around the River Tay. Its southern limit was the River Forth, northwards it extended towards the Moray Firth and perhaps to Caithness, while its western limits are uncertain. Constantine's grandfather Kenneth"
"poets that became leading figures on the UK stage, including Carol Ann Duffy, who was named as Poet Laureate in May 2009, the first woman, the first Scot and the first openly gay poet to take the post. History of Scotland The recorded begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia, inhabited by the ""Picti"", whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall. As Rome finally withdrew from Britain, Gaelic raiders called the ""Scoti"" began colonising Western"
"of Scotland to appear in history by name was Calgacus (""the Swordsman""), a leader of the Caledonians at Mons Graupius, who is referred to by Tacitus in the ""Agricola"" as ""the most distinguished for birth and valour among the chieftains"". Tacitus even invented a speech for him in advance of the battle in which he describes the Romans as: Calgacus' fate is unknown but, according to Tacitus, after the battle Agricola ordered the prefect of the fleet to sail around the north of Scotland to confirm that Britain was an island and to receive the surrender of the Orcadians. It"
"believed to have been home to dialects that were transitional between Scottish Gaelic and the two other Goidelic languages. While Gaelic was spoken across the Scottish Borders and Lothian during the early High Middle Ages it does not seem to have been spoken by the majority and was likely the language of the ruling elite, land-owners and religious clerics. Some other parts of the Scottish Lowlands spoke Cumbric, and others Scots Inglis, the only exceptions being the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland where Norse was spoken. Scotland takes its name from the Latin word for 'Gael', ', plural '"
"the Scottish Highlands; the northern extent of the area under their control (defined by the Antonine Wall across central Scotland) stabilised at Hadrian's Wall across the north of England by about AD 210. Inhabitants of the province continued to refer to themselves as ""Brittannus"" or ""Britto"", and gave their ""patria"" (homeland) as ""Britannia"" or as their tribe. The vernacular term ""Priteni"" came to be used for the barbarians north of the Antonine Wall, with the Romans using the tribal name ""Caledonii"" more generally for these peoples who (after AD 300) they called Picts. The post-conquest Romans used Britannia or Britannia"
"the territory of the neighbouring Picts merged to form the Kingdom of Alba, and Gaelic language and culture became dominant there. The country came to be called ""Scotland"", after the Roman name for the Gaels: ""Scoti"". The Isle of Man and the Manx people also came under massive Gaelic influence in their history. Irish missionaries such as Saint Columba brought Christianity to Pictish Scotland. The Irishmen of this time were also ""aware of the cultural unity of Europe"", and it was the 6th-century Irish monk Columbanus who is regarded as ""one of the fathers of Europe"". Another Irish saint, Aidan"
"as unified ideas until centuries later. In fact, the Roman Empire influenced every part of Scotland during the period: by the time of the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410, the various Iron Age tribes native to the area had united as, or fallen under the control of, the Picts, while the southern half of the country was overrun by tribes of Romanized Britons. The Scoti (Gaelic Irish raiders) who would give Scotland its English name, had begun to settle along the west coast. All three groups may have been involved in the Great Conspiracy that overran Roman Britain in"
"Albion Albion () is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain. Today, it is still sometimes used poetically to refer to the island. The name for Scotland in the Celtic languages is related to Albion: ""Alba"" in Scottish Gaelic, ""Albain"" (genitive ""Alban"") in Irish, ""Nalbin"" in Manx and ""Alban"" in Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. These names were later Latinised as ""Albania"" and Anglicised as ""Albany"", which were once alternative names for Scotland. ""New Albion"" and ""Albionoria"" (""Albion of the North"") were briefly suggested as names of Canada during the period of the Canadian Confederation. Arthur Phillip, first"
"Alba ""Alba"" () is the Scottish Gaelic name () for Scotland. It is cognate with the Irish term ' (gen. ', dat. ') and the Manx term ', the two other Goidelic Insular Celtic languages, as well as contemporary words used in Cornish (') and Welsh ('), both of which are Brythonic Insular Celtic languages. (The third surviving Brythonic language, Breton, instead uses """", meaning 'country of the Scots'.) In the past these terms were names for Great Britain as a whole, related to the Brythonic name Albion. The term first appears in classical texts as ' or ' (in"
"Gallaecia Gallaecia or Callaecia, also known as Hispania Gallaecia, was the name of a Roman province in the north-west of Hispania, approximately present-day Galicia, northern Portugal, Asturias and Leon and the later Suebic Kingdom of Gallaecia. The Roman cities included the port Cale (Porto), the governing centers Bracara Augusta (Braga), Lucus Augusti (Lugo) and Asturica Augusta (Astorga) and their administrative areas Conventus bracarensis, Conventus lucensis and Conventus asturicensis. The Romans gave the name ""Gallaecia"" to the northwest part of the Iberian peninsula after the tribes of the area, the Gallaeci or Gallaecians. The Gallaic Celts make their entry in written"
"even half of present-day Scotland and that Roman legions ceased to affect the area after around 211. The history of the period is complex and not well-documented. The province of Valentia, for instance, may have been the lands between the two Roman walls, or the territory around and south of Hadrian's Wall, or Roman Wales. Romans held most of their Caledonian territory only a little over 40 years; they probably only held Scottish land for about 80 years, if at all. Some Scottish historians such as Alistair Moffat maintain Roman influence was inconsequential. ""Scots"" and ""Scotland"" proper would not emerge"
"these Caledonian deformed terranes were accreted again to Laurussia during the Hercynian orogeny. Caledonian orogeny The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain-building era recorded in the northern parts of Ireland and Britain, the Scandinavian Mountains, Svalbard, eastern Greenland and parts of north-central Europe. The Caledonian orogeny encompasses events that occurred from the Ordovician to Early Devonian, roughly 490–390 million years ago (Ma). It was caused by the closure of the Iapetus Ocean when the continents and terranes of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia collided. The Caledonian orogeny is named for Caledonia, the Latin name for Scotland. The name was first used in"
"Scotland. This kingdom was inevitably conquered and consumed by Pictland, spreading its culture to it in the generations preceding and following its conquest. The name came to be applied to all subjects of this now predominantly Goidelic speaking Pictish kingdom – hence the modern terms ""Scot"", ""Scottish"" and ""Scotland"". The etymology of Late Latin ""Scoti"" is unclear. It is not a Latin derivation, nor does it correspond to any known Goidelic (Gaelic) term the Gaels used to name themselves as a whole or a constituent population-group. The implication is that this Late Latin word rendered a Primitive Irish term for"
"American given name used for both genders is ""Cameron"" derived from the surname ""Cameron""). Scottish surnames Scottish surnames are surnames currently found in Scotland, or surnames that have a historical connection with the country. The earliest surnames found in Scotland occur during the reign of David I, King of Scots (1124–53). These were Anglo-Norman names which had become hereditary in England before arriving in Scotland (for example, the contemporary surnames ""de Brus"", ""de Umfraville"", and ""Ridel""). During the reigns of kings David I, Malcolm IV and William the Lion, some inhabitants of Scottish towns were English and Flemish settlers, who"
"to themselves as ""Albannaich"" in their own tongue and their realm as the Kingdom of Alba (founded as a successor state to Pictland and Dál Riata). Germanic groups tended to refer to the Gael as """"Scottas"""" and so when Anglo-Saxon influence grew at court with Duncan II, the Latin ""Rex Scottorum"" began to be used and the realm was known as Scotland; this process and cultural shift was put into full effect under David I, who let the Normans come to power and furthered the Lowland-Highland divide. Lowland Germanics in Scotland spoke a language called ""Inglis"", which they started to"
"""Orcas"", conceivably a reference to Orkney. Remarkably, the earliest written record of a formal connection between Rome and Scotland is the attendance of the ""King of Orkney"" who was one of eleven British kings who submitted to the Emperor Claudius at Colchester in AD 43 following the invasion of southern Britain three months earlier. The long distances and short period of time involved strongly suggest a prior connection between Rome and Orkney, although no evidence of this has been found and the contrast with later Caledonian resistance to Rome is striking. Pomponius Mela, the Roman geographer, recorded in his ""De"
"explaining the name Scoti, applied by the Romans to Irish raiders, and later to the Irish invaders of Argyll and Caledonia which became known as Scotland. Other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael. This last word, derived from the Welsh ""gwyddel"" ""raiders"", was eventually adopted by the Irish for themselves. However, as a term it is on a par with Viking, as it describes an activity (raiding, piracy) and its proponents, not their actual ethnic affiliations. The terms ""Irish"" and ""Ireland"" are probably derived from the goddess Ériu. A variety of"
"citing the parallel in Greek ""skotos"" (σκότος), meaning ""darkness, gloom"". An origin has also been suggested in a word related to the English ""scot"" (as in tax) and Old Norse ""skot""; this referred to an activity in ceremonies whereby ownership of land was transferred by placing a parcel of earth in the lap of a new owner, whence 11th century King Olaf, one of Sweden's first known rulers, may have been known as a ""scot king"". Scoti Scoti or Scotti is a Latin name for the Gaels, first attested in the late 3rd century. At first it referred to all"