"falling down that would sever the connections to the game-rhyme. Again in 1898, sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures. Since the 20th century, the rhyme has often been associated with the Great Plague which happened in England in 1665, or with earlier outbreaks of the Black Death in England. Interpreters of the rhyme before the Second World War make no mention of this; by 1951, however, it seems to have become well established as an explanation for the form of the rhyme that had become standard in the United Kingdom."
"article from the ""Brooklyn Eagle"". A group of young children (the eldest being about seven) form a ring, from which a boy takes out a girl and kisses her. An early version of the rhyme occurs in a novel of 1855, ""The Old Homestead"" by Ann S. Stephens: <poem> A ring – a ring of roses, Laps full of posies; Awake – awake! Now come and make A ring – a ring of roses.</poem> The novel goes on to describe a nineteenth-century Fourth of July celebration by children housed in a hospital in Roosevelt Island, New York (then known as"
"saint of the Catalonia region; as the ""dia dels enamorats"" (lovers' day), on which lovers exchange blood-red roses. The rose is the national flower of England, a usage dating back to the English civil wars of the fifteenth century (later called Wars of the Roses), in which a red rose represented the House of Lancaster, and a white rose represented the House of York. The Tudor dynasty created the Tudor rose, which united both the white and the red roses, a symbolism dramatized by Shakespeare in his play ""Richard III"". The traditional ballad ""The Rose of England"" (Child 166) recounts"
"The Rose of Rouen The Rose of Rouen is a fifteenth-century carol, written after the Battle of Towton in 1461, eulogizing the Yorkist leader and later King Edward IV, Edward, Earl of March. Before the Battle of Towton took place on 29 April 1461, Queen Margaret, wife of Henry VI of England, led the Lancastrian army south, fresh from victory over the Yorkists at the Battle of Wakefield. The title of the poem reflects its subject. King Edward, son of Richard, Duke of York, had been born in Rouen, France, in 1442, while his father was on campaign. He was,"
"1843. In this account, the young woman, Blanche Heriot, has a lover known as Neville Audley, and the action takes place during the Wars of the Roses in 1471. Thorpe wrote her poem in 1867 while living in Litchfield, Michigan. She traded the manuscript to a Detroit newspaper in exchange for a subscription. The poem, a favorite of Queen Victoria's, was one of the most popular of the 19th century, but later faded into obscurity. An 8-foot monument in Litchfield, Michigan along State Highway 99 honors the connection to that town and the poem and author. In the 1890s, playwright"
"The Rose of England The Rose of England is Child ballad 166. It is an account of Henry VII of England claiming the throne from Richard III of England, frequently allegorically. It may be the oldest ballad on the Battle of Bosworth, and as old as 1485, but the earliest manuscript is from the mid-seventeenth century. A lovely garden (England) had a rose tree, which produced a king over England, France, and Ireland. A boar wrought havoc in the garden, but an eagle bore a rose away to safety. The rose returned and asked the eagle, his father, for aid."
"the word with unfailing hilarity and complete satisfaction"". In his ""Games and Songs of American Children"" (1883), William Wells Newell reports several variants, one of which he provides with a melody and dates to New Bedford, Massachusetts around 1790: <poem> Ring a ring a Rosie, A bottle full of posie, All the girls in our town Ring for little Josie. </poem> Newell writes that '[a]t the end of the words the children suddenly stoop, and the last to get down undergoes some penalty, or has to take the place of the child in the centre, who represents the ""rosie"" (rose-tree;"
"The Rose and the Ring The Rose and The Ring is a satirical work of fantasy fiction written by William Makepeace Thackeray, originally published at Christmas 1854 (though dated 1855). It criticises, to some extent, the attitudes of the monarchy and those at the top of society and challenges their ideals of beauty and marriage. Set in the fictional countries of Paflagonia and Crim Tartary, the story revolves around the lives and fortunes of four young royal cousins, Princesses Angelica and Rosalba, and Princes Bulbo and Giglio. Each page is headed by a line of poetry summing up the plot"
"British versions include: <poem> Ring-a-ring o' roses, A pocket full of posies, A-tishoo! A-tishoo! We all fall down.</poem> <poem> Cows in the meadows Eating buttercups A-tishoo! A-tishoo! We all jump up.</poem> Common American versions include: <poem> Ring-a-round the rosies, A pocket full of posies, Ashes! Ashes! We all fall down.</poem> Common Indian versions include: <poem> Ringa ringa roses, Pocket full of poses Husha busha! We all fall down!</poem> The last two lines are sometimes varied to: <poem> Hush! Hush! Hush! Hush! We've all tumbled down.</poem> A reference to a young children's game named ""Ring o' Roses"" occurs in an 1846"
"setting for the fictional scene of the plucking of two roses of York and Lancaster and the start of the Wars of the Roses. In 2002 this event was commemorated with the planting of new white and red roses in the modern gardens. Following an agreement in 1608 by King James I, the two Inns were granted use of the church in perpetuity on condition that they should support and maintain it. They continue to use the Temple church as their ceremonial chapel. The church escaped damage in the Great Fire of London of 1666. Nevertheless, it was refurbished by"
"of the two roses gave the wars their name: the Wars of the Roses (coined in the 19th century.) The conflict was ended by King Henry VII of England, who symbolically united the White and Red Roses to create the Tudor Rose, symbol of the Tudor dynasty. In the late Seventeenth Century the Jacobites took up the White Rose of York as their emblem, celebrating ""White Rose Day"" on 10 June, the anniversary of the birth of James III and VIII in 1688. At the Battle of Minden in Prussia on 1 August 1759, Yorkshiremen of the King's Own Yorkshire"
"the Earls of Warwick and Arundel, and Lord Fauconberg with him. The Rose of Rouen The Rose of Rouen is a fifteenth-century carol, written after the Battle of Towton in 1461, eulogizing the Yorkist leader and later King Edward IV, Edward, Earl of March. Before the Battle of Towton took place on 29 April 1461, Queen Margaret, wife of Henry VI of England, led the Lancastrian army south, fresh from victory over the Yorkists at the Battle of Wakefield. The title of the poem reflects its subject. King Edward, son of Richard, Duke of York, had been born in Rouen,"
"Alexandra Rose Day The Alexandra Rose Day (a variable date in June) is a charitable fund raising event held in the United Kingdom since 1912 by Alexandra Rose Charities. It was first launched on the 50th anniversary of the arrival of Queen Alexandra from her native Denmark to the United Kingdom. The Queen requested that the anniversary be marked by the sale of roses in London to raise funds for her favourite charities. The arrival of Princess Alexandra of Denmark in the United Kingdom for her marriage to the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) in 1863 was a"
"during the Wars of the Roses. The story is set in May 1471 when Edward IV of England, the first and longest-serving Yorkist King, has just won back the throne from his cousin. Blanche has a lover, Neville Audley, who has been away in the wars, fighting for the Lancastrians. He returns to Chertsey with a price on his head and is intent on fleeing to the Continent. However, he is apprehended by Yorkist soldiers in Chertsey. He kills one soldier and a dog and flees to Chertsey Abbey, seeking sanctuary. Neville, however, is arrested and sentenced to die at"
"Minden Day Minden Day is a regimental anniversary celebrated on 1 August by certain units of the British Army. It commemorates the participation of the forerunners of the regiments in the Battle of Minden during the Seven Years' War on that date in 1759. The celebration of the day involves the wearing of ""Minden Roses"" on the regimental head dress, and, in the case of the infantry regiments, the decoration of the regimental colours with garlands of roses. This recalls that the regiments wore wild roses at the battle that they had plucked from the hedgerows as they advanced to"
"The Rose in Splendour: a Story of the Wars of Lancaster and York The Rose in Splendour: a Story of the Wars of Lancaster and York is an historical novel by Leslie Barringer. It was first published by Phoenix House in 1953. The novel is set in England over a period of eighteen months in the years 1460-61. It tells the tale of a young boy's early life, leaving his family’s farm first to an apprenticeship in York and later getting caught up in the bloody and decisive victory for the Yorkists at the Battle of Towton (29 March (Palm"
"the seizure of the crown by Earl of Richmond (who became Henry VII of England, the founder the Tudor dynasty), using the ""red rose"" as an allegory for Henry. The England national rugby union team and Rugby Football Union adopted the red rose as their symbol in 1871, and the rose has appeared on players' kit ever since. In 1986, the rose was adopted as the national floral emblem of the United States. It is the state flower of five U.S. states: Portland, Oregon has counted ""City of Roses"" among its nicknames (see roses in Portland, Oregon) since 1888, and"
"of the rhyme was or when it began. Many incarnations of the game have a group of children form a ring, dance in a circle around a person, and stoop or curtsy with the final line. The slowest child to do so is faced with a penalty or becomes the ""rosie"" (literally: rose tree, from the French ""rosier"") and takes their place in the center of the ring. Variations, corruptions, and vulgarized versions were noted to be in use long before the earliest printed publications. One such variation was dated to be in use in Connecticut in the 1840s. Common"
"Sunday) 1461). The Rose in Splendour: a Story of the Wars of Lancaster and York The Rose in Splendour: a Story of the Wars of Lancaster and York is an historical novel by Leslie Barringer. It was first published by Phoenix House in 1953. The novel is set in England over a period of eighteen months in the years 1460-61. It tells the tale of a young boy's early life, leaving his family’s farm first to an apprenticeship in York and later getting caught up in the bloody and decisive victory for the Yorkists at the Battle of Towton (29"
"of York. The name ""Wars of the Roses"" refers to the heraldic badges associated with two rival branches of the same royal house, the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. ""Wars of the Roses"" came into common use in the 19th century after the publication in 1829 of ""Anne of Geierstein"" by Sir Walter Scott. Scott based the name on a scene in William Shakespeare's play ""Henry VI, Part 1"" (Act 2, Scene 4), set in the gardens of the Temple Church, where a number of noblemen and a lawyer pick red or white roses to"
"""Romeo and Juliet"", ""What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet."" is Ophelia's speech from ""Hamlet"": Shakespeare also uses plants for historic symbolism, such as the plucking of red and white roses in ""Henry VI, Part I"" to foreshadow the dynastic struggle known as the Wars of the Roses that would end the king's reign. All the plants Shakespeare names in his plays are mentioned in classical medical texts or medieval herbal manuals. An early Shakespeare garden was added in the anniversary year 1916 to Central Park, New York City."
"several points the words fall into the rhythm of ""Taps"". Rouge Bouquet (poem) ""Rouge Bouquet"" or ""The Wood Called Rouge Bouquet"" is a lyric poem written in 1918 by American poet, essayist, critic and soldier Joyce Kilmer (1886-1918). The poem commemorates during an intense German artillery bombardment of an American trench position in the Rouge Bouquet wood near the French village of Baccarat on 7 March 1918 that resulted in the loss of 19 American soldiers with the 165th Infantry Regiment, 42nd Rainbow Division (previously the 69th Regiment). Kilmer was a sergeant in the New York National Guard's ""The Fighting"
"for Bosporus; however, the university described is clearly Oxford University, the meaning of both ""Oxford"" and ""Bosporus"" being ""place where oxen cross"". Other placenames are either Italian or puns: Andrew Lang's ""Chronicles of Pantouflia"" (including ""Prince Prigio"" and ""Prince Ricardo"") pays explicit homage to Thackeray's ""The Rose and the Ring"". The Rose and the Ring The Rose and The Ring is a satirical work of fantasy fiction written by William Makepeace Thackeray, originally published at Christmas 1854 (though dated 1855). It criticises, to some extent, the attitudes of the monarchy and those at the top of society and challenges their"
"The nursery rhyme is first attested in 1797, but apparently the first time the rhyme was linked to the siege was in 1996 on the East Anglia Tourist Board's website. Fairfax is also spoken of in Milton's 15th sonnet. list: Siege of Colchester The Siege of Colchester occurred in the summer of 1648 when the English Civil War reignited in several areas of Britain. Colchester found itself in the thick of the unrest when a Royalist army on its way through East Anglia to raise support for the King, was attacked by Lord-General Thomas Fairfax at the head of a"
"Rouge Bouquet (poem) ""Rouge Bouquet"" or ""The Wood Called Rouge Bouquet"" is a lyric poem written in 1918 by American poet, essayist, critic and soldier Joyce Kilmer (1886-1918). The poem commemorates during an intense German artillery bombardment of an American trench position in the Rouge Bouquet wood near the French village of Baccarat on 7 March 1918 that resulted in the loss of 19 American soldiers with the 165th Infantry Regiment, 42nd Rainbow Division (previously the 69th Regiment). Kilmer was a sergeant in the New York National Guard's ""The Fighting 69th Regiment"" which was part of the 165th Infantry Regiment"
"Miracle of the roses A miracle of the roses is a miracle in which roses manifest an activity of God or of a saint. Such a miracle is presented in various hagiographies and legends in different forms, and it occurs in connection with diverse individuals such as Saints Elizabeth of Hungary (1207–1231), Elizabeth of Portugal (1271–1336), St. Dorothy, a 4th-century virgin martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia (died ca. 311), and Our Lady of Guadalupe (appeared in 1531). In the Latin West the symbolism of the rose is of Greco-Roman heritage but influenced by and finally transformed through Latin biblical and"
"Neville, Earl of Warwick and Warwick's brother, John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. This was one of the most important battles of the Wars of the Roses. Barnet Hill is said to be the hill mentioned in the nursery rhyme ""The Grand Old Duke of York"". It is also the site of an ancient and well-known horse fair, whence comes the rhyming slang of ""Barnet Fair"" or ""barnet"" for 'hair'. The fair dates back to 1588 when Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to the Lord of the Manor of Barnet to hold a twice yearly fair. The famous Barnet"
"and be of no value to a captor. Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power"
"Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following"
"proclamation of the Gospel."" He added that Saint Rita spiritually offers her rose to each of those he addressed as an exhortation to ""live as witnesses to a hope that never disappoints and as missionaries of a life that conquers death"". Miracle of the roses A miracle of the roses is a miracle in which roses manifest an activity of God or of a saint. Such a miracle is presented in various hagiographies and legends in different forms, and it occurs in connection with diverse individuals such as Saints Elizabeth of Hungary (1207–1231), Elizabeth of Portugal (1271–1336), St. Dorothy, a"
"to be indicative of Pagan beings of light. Another suggestion is more literal, that it was making a ""ring"" around the roses and bowing with the all ""fall down"" as a curtsy. In 1892, the American writer, Eugene Field wrote a poem titled ""Teeny-Weeny"" that specifically referred to fey folk playing ring-a-rosie. According to ""Games and Songs of American Children"", published in 1883, the ""rosie"" was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center. Variations, especially more literal ones, were identified and noted with the literal"
"Remember The Roses ""Remember The Roses"" is a short story by Avery Taylor. It is a mixture of mystery, love, and horror. It was set during the Second World War and originally published in England in 1967 by a British publisher. Later it was published in India by Frank Bros. & Co. in a story book ""A Treasure Trove of Short Stories"". During the Second World War, Robert, an English agent, comes to rescue Paul Renard, a key member of the French Resistance, who has been taken by the Gestapo and is being heldin a prison in Rouen, France. Robert"
"the nursery rhyme that begins ""Oranges and lemons / Say the bells of St Clement's"". So too does St Clement Danes Church, Westminster, whose bells ring out the traditional tune of the nursery rhyme three times a day. There is a canard that the earliest mention of the rhyme occurs in Wynkyn de Worde's ""The demaundes joyous"" printed in 1511. This small volume consists entirely of riddles and makes no allusion to bells, St. Clement or any other church. According to Iona and Peter Opie, the earliest record of the rhyme only dates to c.1744, although there is a square"