"the outcome. Chess, with rows of soldiers marching forward to capture each other, embodies the conflict of ""man vs. man"". Because the handicap system tells Go players where they stand relative to other players, an honestly ranked player can expect to lose about half of their games; therefore, Go can be seen as embodying the quest for self-improvement, ""man vs. self"". Go (game) Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent. The game was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago and is believed to"
"Mahjong Mahjong ( , Mandarin: ) is a tile-based game that was developed in China during the Qing dynasty and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century. It is commonly played by four players (with some three-player variations found in South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia). The game and its regional variants are widely played throughout Eastern and South Eastern Asia and have become popular in Western countries too. The game has also been adapted into a widespread online entertainment. Similar to the Western card game rummy, Mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and calculation and"
"(2356–2255 BC) designed it for his son, Danzhu , to learn discipline, concentration, and balance. Another suggested genesis for the game is that Chinese warlords and generals used pieces of stone to map attacking positions. Other plausible theories relate Go equipment to divination or flood control. Go's early history is debated, but there are myths about its existence, one of which assuming that Go was an ancient fortune telling device used by Chinese astrologers to simulate the universe's relationship to an individual. The earliest written reference of the game is usually taken to be the historical annal ""Zuo Zhuan"" (c."
"gambling only enhances the joy of playing ""Shengguan Tu"". Carole Morgan, in an essay titled ""The Chinese Game of Shengguan tu"" published in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, remarks that the game is ""unusual"" in that it ""not only reproduces the a complex administrative framework but also includes the malpractices inherent in the system"". ""Shengguan Tu"" has been described as an amalgamation of ""Monopoly"" and snake and ladders. Shengguan Tu Shengguan Tu (), translated variously as Promoting Officials and Table of Bureaucratic Promotion, is an ancient Chinese board game that originated in the Tang dynasty, with the earliest"
"4th century BC), referring to a historical event of 548 BC. It is also mentioned in Book XVII of the ""Analects of Confucius"" and in two of the books of Mencius (c. 3rd century BC). In all of these works, the game is referred to as (). In ancient China, Go was often seen as the refined pastime of the scholars, while xiangqi was the game of the masses. Go was one of the four cultivated arts of the Chinese scholar gentleman, along with calligraphy, painting and playing the musical instrument guqin, and examinations of skill in those arts was"
"Mahjong culture Mahjong is a strategy-based title game developed during the Qing dynasty in China and has since spread worldwide. The game has a long history and significance in many countries particularly in Asia. Places like China and Japan has especially strong cultural ties to the game. In China, the game has evolved to represent peace and friendship. Inviting someone to a game of Mahjong almost synonymous with friendship. Expensive Mahjong sets can be seen as a status symbol and are a source of pride among Chinese families. In Hong Kong: However, Mahjong games also create problems. Addiction to Mahjong"
"had reached Korea in the 5th century CE and later Japan in the 7th century CE. Go was considered one of the four essential arts of the cultured aristocratic Chinese scholars in antiquity. The earliest written reference to the game is generally recognized as the historical annal ""Zuo Zhuan"" (c. 4th century BC). Despite its relatively simple rules, Go is very complex. Compared to chess, Go has both a larger board with more scope for play and longer games, and, on average, many more alternatives to consider per move. The lower bound on the number of legal board positions in"
"rules that are dominant in the present. They are also very similar to another game simply called dominoes (骨牌) played in many parts of China. Bagchen is a Tibetan variation played with a double set of dominoes. In his article ""Chinese Origin Of Playing Cards"" published in 1895, Sir William Henry Wilkinson pointed out that the game of Tien Gow was invented long before Song dynasty, but was standardized in 1120: [Quote from page 66. Note this publication predated the modern pinyin transliteration system] <br> It is perfectly clear, indeed, that all that was done or asked for in 1120"
"Dynasty (618–907). Legends trace the origin of the game to the mythical Chinese emperor Yao (2337–2258 BC), who was said to have had his counselor Shun design it for his unruly son, Danzhu, to favorably influence him. Other theories suggest that the game was derived from Chinese tribal warlords and generals, who used pieces of stone to map out attacking positions. In China, Go was considered one of the four cultivated arts of the Chinese scholar gentleman, along with calligraphy, painting and playing the musical instrument guqin. Weiqi was introduced to Korea sometime between the 5th and 7th centuries CE,"
"older xiangqi (which modern xiangqi may have taken some of its rules from) the game pieces could be shuffled, which does not happen in the modern chess-style xiangqi. Murray also wrote that in ancient China there was more than one game called xiangqi. An alternative hypothesis to Murray's is that xiangqi was patterned after the array of troops in the Warring States era. David H. Li, for example, argues that the game was developed by Han Xin in the winter of 204 BC-203 BC to prepare for an upcoming battle. His theories have been questioned by other chess researchers, however."
"Shengguan Tu Shengguan Tu (), translated variously as Promoting Officials and Table of Bureaucratic Promotion, is an ancient Chinese board game that originated in the Tang dynasty, with the earliest historical record of a variant of it dating back to 836. Compared to ""Monopoly"" and snakes and ladders by contemporary commentators, the game has players take on the roles of mandarins; the objective of the game is to attain the highest possible bureaucratic position, whilst accumulating more prestige and monetary funds than other players. Historically a gambling game doubling as an educational tool for acquainting Chinese males with the bureaucratic"
"on the culture of China, including translations of the ""Analects of Confucius"", ""The Art of War"", and ""Tao Te Ching"", as well as several books on xiangqi or Chinese chess. In his book ""The Genealogy of Chess"" (which won the 'Book of the Year' 1998 award from the editors of GAMES Magazine), Li surveys evidence regarding the origins of chess and concludes that an early version of chess called xiangqi was invented in China in 203 BC, by General Han Xin, who supposedly drew on the earlier game ""liubo"" as well as on the teachings of ""The Art of War""."
"on the board. The earliest written reference to the game is generally recognized as the historical annal ""Zuo Zhuan"" (c. 4th century BC), referring to a historical event of 548 BC. It is also mentioned in Book XVII of the ""Analects of Confucius"" and in two books written by Mencius (c. 3rd century BC). In all of these works, the game is referred to as (). Today, in China, it is known as weiqi (), literally ""encirclement board game"". Go was originally played on a 17×17 line grid, but a 19×19 grid became standard by the time of the Tang"
"known to play on a courtyard of his palace using slaves as playing pieces. The extinct Chinese board game ""liubo"" was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was popular during the Warring States period (476 BCE – 221 BCE) and the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE). Although the game's rules have been lost, it was apparently a race game not unlike Senet in that playing pieces were moved about a board using sticks thrown to determine movement. Go, also known as ""Weiqi"", ""Igo"", or ""Baduk"" (in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, respectively), is"
"as it promoted bad habits. Liubo Liubo () is an ancient Chinese board game played by two players. For the rules, it is believed that each player had six game pieces that were moved around the points of a square game board that had a distinctive, symmetrical pattern. Moves were determined by the throw of six sticks, which performed the same function as dice in other race games. The game was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was immensely popular during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE). However, after the Han Dynasty"
"is a common type of problem gambling. Mahjong is also a favourite medium for bribery - the person giving the bribe will intentionally lose large sums of money to the person being bribed. Recent studies also suggest Mahjong can cause epilepsy Mahjong culture Mahjong is a strategy-based title game developed during the Qing dynasty in China and has since spread worldwide. The game has a long history and significance in many countries particularly in Asia. Places like China and Japan has especially strong cultural ties to the game. In China, the game has evolved to represent peace and friendship. Inviting"
"Xiangqi Xiangqi (; ), also called Chinese chess, is a strategy board game for two players. It is one of the most popular board games in China, and is in the same family as Western (or international) chess, ""chaturanga, shogi"", Indian chess and ""janggi"". Besides China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, ""xiangqi"" (""cờ tướng"") is also a popular pastime in Vietnam. The game represents a battle between two armies, with the object of capturing the enemy's general (king). Distinctive features of xiangqi include the cannon (""pao""), which must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting the generals from facing"
"is commonly referred to as ""Western chess"", ""international chess"", ""orthodox chess"", ""orthochess"", and ""classic chess"". Reference aids Lists Chess Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century. The game was derived from the Indian game chaturanga, which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi, janggi, and shogi. Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of"
"history of playing games of chance. Over 3,000 years ago, the problems concerned with the tossing of several coins were considered in the I Ching, one of the oldest Chinese mathematical texts, that probably dates to 1150 BC. The two principal elements yin and yang were combined in the I Ching in various forms to produce ""Heads and Tails"" permutations of the type HH, TH, HT, etc. and the Chinese seem to have been aware of Pascal's triangle long before the Europeans formalized it in the 17th century. However, Western philosophy focused on the non-mathematical aspects of chance and randomness"
"in China in about 3,000 B.C. These games bore a vague similarity to the early 17th century chess. In the Western world, war games date back to at least the German Kriegspiel of the mid-nineteenth century (Faria and Dickinson). Faria and Dickinson note that different war games have also been conducted in Japan before the Second World War and war games have been long used by the British and the Americans to test battle strategies. Military officers trained with war games in the 1930s and 1940s started to use their military training to manage civilian businesses. Some of the business"
"game was called the ""Yezi Gexi"" and allegedly written by a Tang woman. It received commentary by writers of subsequent dynasties. The Song dynasty (960–1279) scholar Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) asserts that the ""leaf"" game existed at least since the mid-Tang dynasty and associated its invention with the development of printed sheets as a writing medium. However, Ouyang also claims that the ""leaves"" were pages of a book used in a board game played with dice, and that the rules of the game were lost by 1067. Other games revolving around alcoholic drinking involved using playing cards of a sort from"
"Egyptian administrator Khety of the 11th Dynasty (c. 2000 BCE), and in European illuminated manuscripts and other works of the 14th through 17th centuries, showing contemporary courtly and clerical life. In East Asia, a similar game was entertained, using a carved wooden stick and ball prior, to 300 BC. In Inner Mongolia, China, the Daur people have for about 1,000 years been playing ""beikou"", a game with some similarities to field hockey. A similar field hockey or ground billiards variant, called ""suigan"", was played in China during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644, post-dating the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty). A game similar to"
"Chaturanga Chaturanga (; """"), or ""catur"" for short, is an ancient Indian strategy game that is commonly theorized to be the common ancestor of the board games chess, ""shogi"", ""sittuyin"", ""makruk"", ""xiangqi"" and ""janggi"". Chaturanga developed in the Gupta Empire, India around the 6th century AD. In the 7th century, it was adopted as ""shatranj"" in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe. The exact rules of chaturanga are unknown. Chess historians suppose that the game had similar rules to those of its successor, shatranj. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the"
"History of Go The game of Go () originated in China in ancient times. It was considered one of the four essential arts of a cultured Chinese scholar in antiquity and is described as a worthy pastime for a gentleman in the ""Analects of Confucius"". It reached Korea by the 5th century, in the 7th century it had reached Japan. The game was described by Thomas Hyde in 1694, but it did not become popular in the West until the late 19th century. According to legend, the game was created as a teaching tool after the ancient Chinese Emperor Yao"
"a river, and is not divided into squares. Chinese chess pieces are usually flat and resemble those used in checkers, with pieces differentiated by writing their names on the flat surface. An alternative origin theory contends that chess arose from xiangqi or a predecessor thereof, existing in China since the 3rd century BC. David H. Li, a translator of ancient Chinese texts, hypothesizes that general Han Xin drew on the earlier game of Liubo to develop an early form of Chinese chess in the winter of 204–203 BC. The German chess historian Peter Banaschak, however, points out that Li's main"
"Chess Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century. The game was derived from the Indian game chaturanga, which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi, janggi, and shogi. Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the rules were standardized"
"Liubo Liubo () is an ancient Chinese board game played by two players. For the rules, it is believed that each player had six game pieces that were moved around the points of a square game board that had a distinctive, symmetrical pattern. Moves were determined by the throw of six sticks, which performed the same function as dice in other race games. The game was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was immensely popular during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE). However, after the Han Dynasty it rapidly declined in popularity,"
"from my illness, and had a special diet. I played ""go"" with Ōkubo.<br> (Note) Sunday. History of Go The game of Go () originated in China in ancient times. It was considered one of the four essential arts of a cultured Chinese scholar in antiquity and is described as a worthy pastime for a gentleman in the ""Analects of Confucius"". It reached Korea by the 5th century, in the 7th century it had reached Japan. The game was described by Thomas Hyde in 1694, but it did not become popular in the West until the late 19th century. According to"
"Soccer Sport"" by FIFA's former President Blater at a press-conference of his visit to China in 2004. The game is believed to have evolved from cuju, a game similar to football that was used as military training. Over the next 1000 years, this shuttlecock game spread throughout Asia, acquiring a variety of names along the way. Jianzi has been played since the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), and was popular during the Six Dynasties period and the Sui and Tang dynasties. Thus the game has a history of two thousand years. Several ancient books attest to its being played. Jianzi"
"of connections to the edge of the board as the bid, then the flood wins. Ta Yü Ta Yü is an abstract strategy game based on the legendary Yu the Great. The game itself is a tile-based tabletop game designed by Nicolas Neuwahl in 1999. In this game for 2–4 players, players take turns to play 3×1 tiles with three connections on each tile, each trying to make channels that run to his or her own side of the board. In a two-player game, one player plays north and south and the other plays east and west. In a four-player"
"China (referred to in the game as ""the world"") by defeating bandits and local rulers. Because it was an unlicensed game from Taiwan, it was never physically distributed outside of Asia. The player control the three warriors: Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei. These legends of 2nd century China have the ability to cast magical spells on enemies like tigers, barbarians, and various kinds of bosses. There are no random encounters and all encounters are visible like in ""EarthBound"", ""Chrono Trigger"", and ""Secret of Mana"". However, battles can be long and tricky like in other Chinese role-playing games like"
"nearly 3300 years of classical Chinese history, from the Xia Dynasty to the Jin dynasty. Notable monuments that can be built include the Great Wall of China, the Grand Canal connecting the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers, and the Terracotta Army. In the first campaign, the player is simply a humble villager elder, in charge of leading a nomadic tribe to settle down along the river. In the final levels, the player is servant to the Emperor of China, and oversees the construction of the Imperial capital Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing) and fortifying its defense to foil the invading Mongols and their"
"the intersection of the lines of the board rather than within the squares. The object of the Chinese variation is similar to chaturanga, i.e. to render helpless the opponent's king, known as ""general"" on one side and ""governor"" on the other. Chinese chess also borrows elements from the game of Go, which was played in China since at least the 6th century BC. Owing to the influence of Go, Chinese chess is played on the intersections of the lines on the board, rather than in the squares. The game of Xianqi is also unique in that the middle rank represents"