"to a cultural boundary defining Bavarian culture is ""Weißwurstäquator"", i.e. the ""equator"" dividing Northern Germany from the homeland of the Weißwurst sausage. The River Main, flowing westward, through Upper and Lower Franconia and Southern Hesse, through the city of Frankfurt, into the River Rhine at Mainz, often is cited as a natural border between Southern and Middle Germany while the border west of Mainz is in that respect less clearly determined. The border between the Palatinate and the Rhineland—roughly a line between Bonn and Bingen, in the mountain ranges (Mittelgebirge) of the Westerwald, the Taunus, and the Eifel, along the"
"France is 27.6 km. Horn (Schwarzbach) The River Horn (French: ""Horn""; German: ""Hornbach"") is a left tributary of Schwarzbach flowing through the former region of Lorraine, in northeastern France, and the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, in southwestern Germany. Its headwaters rise in the French town of Bitche, in the Moselle Department, following a north by north-eastern course, before forming a part of the border between France and Germany. As the Franco-German border takes a sharp turn to the west, the Horn continues into Germany. Here, it follows a roughly north-western course, ending in the German town of Zweibrücken, emptying into the"
"The Rhine River is the border between Germany and Alsace area of France. The South and East offer nice views of the Black Forest, and since the Turmberg is the northernmost tip of the Black Forest you have hills more than actual mountains. A staircase leads all the way up from the bottom of the hill to the top, however you can also ride up using the Turmbergbahn, a historic funicular railway. In recent years the railway was changed from water gravity to electric. Durlach hosted several factories, producing sewing-machines (Pfaff), brushes, chemicals, tobacco, beer, vinegar, chicory and pipe organs."
"the text passage remained unchanged when the ""Deutschlandlied"" was declared the national anthem of the Weimar Republic in 1922. Meuse The Meuse ( ; ; Walloon: ""Moûze"" ) or Maas ( ; or ""Maas"") is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of . From 1301 the upper Meuse roughly marked the western border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of France, after Count Henry III of Bar had to receive the western part of the"
"boundary between the Alsace and Lorraine regions of France. In 1871, Alsace was ceded to Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt, and thus the ridge formed the boundary between France and Germany. During the First World War, the French military decided to create a road to follow the ridge, thus allowing easier access to the valleys on both sides, enabling the faster movement of French troops. The route was mostly just below the ridge to the west and was thus protected from German gunfire. From Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Haut-Rhin) (elevation ), the Route des Crêtes is accessed via D48 and Col des"
"German Empire and the French Third Republic retaining Belfort. A series of fortifications was set up to ensure defense of the area. The most recent military advance through the Belfort Gap was that of the French I Corps in November 1944. Belfort Gap The Belfort Gap () or Burgundian Gate () is a plateau located between the northern rim of the Jura Mountains and the southernmost part of the Vosges in France. It marks the divide between the drainage basins of the Rhine River in the east and that of the Rhône (Doubs and Saône) in the west, part of"
"subsequently gave its name to two French republican départements: Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle. The source of the Moselle is at 715 metres above sea level on the Col de Bussang on the western slopes of the Ballon d'Alsace in the Vosges. After 544 kilometres it discharges into the Rhine at the Deutsches Eck in Koblenz at a height of 59 metres above NHN. The length of the river in France is 314 kilometres, for 39 kilometres it forms the border between Germany and Luxembourg, and 208 kilometres are solely within Germany. The Moselle flows through the Lorraine region, west of the"
"in Rhineland-Palatinate"" Moselle The Moselle (, ; ; ) is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg, and Germany. It is a left tributary of the Rhine, which it joins at Koblenz. A small part of Belgium is also drained by the Moselle through the Sauer and the Our. The Moselle ""twists and turns its way between Trier and Koblenz along one of Germany's most beautiful river valleys."" It flows through a region that has been influenced by mankind since it was first cultivated by the Romans. Today, its hillsides are covered by terraced vineyards where ""some of the best Rieslings"
"Division fought along the Blies following its battle at Sarreguemines in early December, the former part of the larger assault on the West Wall. Blies The Blies is a right tributary of the Saar in southwestern Germany (Saarland) and northeastern France (Moselle). The Blies flows from three springs in the Hunsrück near Selbach, Germany. It is roughly 100 km long, ending in the French city of Sarreguemines. It flows through Sankt Wendel, Ottweiler, Neunkirchen, Bexbach, Homburg and Blieskastel (Blieskastel being named after the river). Its lower extent demarcates part of the Franco–German border. Fighting took place on the Blies during"
"the river Moselle near the town of Schengen, Luxembourg, where the territories of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet. Three of the signatories, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, had already abolished common border controls as part of the Benelux Economic Union. The Schengen Agreement was signed independently of the European Union, in part owing to the lack of consensus amongst EU member states over whether or not the EU had the jurisdiction to abolish border controls, and in part because those ready to implement the idea did not wish to wait for others (at this time there was no enhanced co-operation"
"has long given the Rhône valley strategic importance for the control of the Alpine passes. The Rhône then marks the boundary between the cantons of Valais (left bank) and Vaud (right bank), separating the Valais Chablais and Chablais Vaudois. It enters Lake Geneva near Le Bouveret. On a portion of its extent Lake Geneva marks the border between France and Switzerland. On the left bank of Lake Geneva the river receives the river Morge. This river marks the border between France (Haute-Savoie) and Switzerland (Valais). The Morge enters Lake Geneva at Saint-Gingolph, a village on both sides of the border."
"Meuse The Meuse ( ; ; Walloon: ""Moûze"" ) or Maas ( ; or ""Maas"") is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of . From 1301 the upper Meuse roughly marked the western border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of France, after Count Henry III of Bar had to receive the western part of the County of Bar (""Barrois mouvant"") as a French fief from the hands of King Philip IV. The border remained"
"Moselle The Moselle (, ; ; ) is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg, and Germany. It is a left tributary of the Rhine, which it joins at Koblenz. A small part of Belgium is also drained by the Moselle through the Sauer and the Our. The Moselle ""twists and turns its way between Trier and Koblenz along one of Germany's most beautiful river valleys."" It flows through a region that has been influenced by mankind since it was first cultivated by the Romans. Today, its hillsides are covered by terraced vineyards where ""some of the best Rieslings grow"", and"
"Belgium–France border The <dfn>Belgium–France border</dfn> separates France and Belgium countries and is 620 km long. Part of it is defined by the Leie river. The western end is at the North Sea ( near De Panne and Bray-Dunes). The eastern end is at the Belgium–France–Luxembourg tripoint (at near Athus and Mont-Saint-Martin). The straight distance between these points is 289 km. Since 1995 Belgium–France are parts of the Schengen Area. This means there are no permanent border controls at this border, but there has been temporary controls. The Belgian side of the border is shared by, from north to south, the"
"Horn (Schwarzbach) The River Horn (French: ""Horn""; German: ""Hornbach"") is a left tributary of Schwarzbach flowing through the former region of Lorraine, in northeastern France, and the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, in southwestern Germany. Its headwaters rise in the French town of Bitche, in the Moselle Department, following a north by north-eastern course, before forming a part of the border between France and Germany. As the Franco-German border takes a sharp turn to the west, the Horn continues into Germany. Here, it follows a roughly north-western course, ending in the German town of Zweibrücken, emptying into the Schwarzbach. Its length in"
"Saar (river) The Saar (; ) is a river in northeastern France and western Germany, and a right tributary of the Moselle. It rises in the Vosges mountains on the border of Alsace and Lorraine and flows northwards into the Moselle near Trier. It has two headstreams (the ""Sarre Rouge"" and ""Sarre Blanche"", which join in Lorquin), that both start near Mont Donon, the highest peak of the northern Vosges. After (126 kilometres in France and 120 kilometres in Germany) the Saar flows into the Moselle at Konz (Rhineland-Palatinate) between Trier and the Luxembourg border. It has a catchment area"
"Natural borders of France The natural borders of France () are a political and geographic theory developed in France, notably during the French Revolution. They correspond to the Rhine, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, the Pyrenees and the Alps, according to the revolutionaries. Most historians of France today reject the theory of France's natural borders. According to University of California, Berkeley, historian Peter Sahlins, ""as a model of French identity, it formed part of a constitutive myth of the state."" The first mention of the natural borders appeared in 1642 in an apocryphal statement by Cardinal Richelieu. Even so,"
"Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and eventually fell to France in the Thirty Years' War. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route. Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing ""natural borders"" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte, tried with varying"
"Belfort Gap The Belfort Gap () or Burgundian Gate () is a plateau located between the northern rim of the Jura Mountains and the southernmost part of the Vosges in France. It marks the divide between the drainage basins of the Rhine River in the east and that of the Rhône (Doubs and Saône) in the west, part of the European Watershed between the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Its elevation varies between at its lowest and a little more than . The roughly wide terrain corridor connects the French ""département"" of Haut-Rhin, south of the ""région"" Alsace and"
"River Meuse flows northwards from Toul to Verdun, Mézières and Givet on the Belgian border and there is a tributary of the Moselle between Belfort and Épinal, the rivers running near parallel to the 1871–1919 Franco–German border. A wide interruption in the French fortifications was left between Épinal and Toul, known as the ""Trouée de Charmes"" (Charmes Gap), which was west of Nancy, about from the Franco-German frontier. A second series of fortifications, to prevent the main line being outflanked, was built in the south from Langres to Dijon and in the north from La Fère to Rheims, then from"
"Germany–Poland border The Germany–Poland border (, ), the state border between Poland and Germany, is currently the Oder–Neisse line. It has a total length of and has been in place since 1945. It stretches from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Czech Republic in the south. Nevertheless, the border has not always followed this line, and it has a long and often volatile history. The Germany–Poland border traces its origins to the beginnings of the Polish state, with the Oder (Odra) and Neisse (Nysa) rivers (the Oder–Neisse Line) being one of the earliest natural boundaries between Germany and"
"plebiscite in 1860. Alsace-Lorraine was annexed by Germany in 1871 but became French again in 1918. Other alterations were made temporarily, by the occupying power, during the period of World War II. Modern Metropolitan France lies to a large extent, within clear limits of physical geography. Roughly half of its margin lies on sea coasts. In the south-west, its border lies among the peaks of the Pyrenees mountain range. Similarly, in the south-east it lies in part of the Alps. In the East it follows one or another of the Jura ranges until it reaches the River Rhine, which it"
"removed along the border in December 2007. The limitations on Poles working in Germany expired in April 2011. Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (, ) is the basis of the international border between Germany and Poland. It mainly runs along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers and meets the Baltic Sea in the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście (German: ""Stettin"" and ""Swinemünde""). It was decided upon by the Soviet Union and presented to the Potsdam Conference as a ""fait-accompli"" in the aftermath of the Second World War. All pre-war German territory east of the"
"Vosges The Vosges ( or are a range of low mountains in eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain. The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at , followed by the Storkenkopf (), and the Hohneck (). Geographically, the Vosges Mountains"
"of the Rhine river, and 10,545 km² of Dutch territory south of Waal and Merwede rivers. If implemented today France would increase its territory by 70,923 km² and increase its population by 25,170,400. During the debate of what was then called the German Question (""die deutsche Frage"") in the 19th century prior to the unification of Germany (1871), the term ""Großdeutschland"", ""Greater Germany"", referred to a possible German nation consisting of the states that later comprised the German Empire and Austria. The term ""Kleindeutschland"" ""Lesser Germany"" referred to a possible German state without Austria. The term was later used by"
"France–Italy border The France–Italy border is the international boundary between France and Italy. The Franco-Italian border is 515 km long, southeast of France and northwest Italy. It begins at the west tripoint France–Italy–Switzerland () at the top of Mont Dolent ( m), in the French commune of Chamonix (department of Haute-Savoie), the Italian city of Courmayeur, (Aosta Valley) and the Swiss commune of Orsières (canton of Valais). The boundary then follows a general direction towards south, to the Mediterranean, it reaches the sea at Menton in France and Ventimiglia in Italy. The border separates three regions (Aosta Valley, Piedmont and"
"still to be solved concerning the demarcation of the border at the top of Mont Blanc. France–Italy border The France–Italy border is the international boundary between France and Italy. The Franco-Italian border is 515 km long, southeast of France and northwest Italy. It begins at the west tripoint France–Italy–Switzerland () at the top of Mont Dolent ( m), in the French commune of Chamonix (department of Haute-Savoie), the Italian city of Courmayeur, (Aosta Valley) and the Swiss commune of Orsières (canton of Valais). The boundary then follows a general direction towards south, to the Mediterranean, it reaches the sea at"
"Blies The Blies is a right tributary of the Saar in southwestern Germany (Saarland) and northeastern France (Moselle). The Blies flows from three springs in the Hunsrück near Selbach, Germany. It is roughly 100 km long, ending in the French city of Sarreguemines. It flows through Sankt Wendel, Ottweiler, Neunkirchen, Bexbach, Homburg and Blieskastel (Blieskastel being named after the river). Its lower extent demarcates part of the Franco–German border. Fighting took place on the Blies during the Lorraine Campaign, fought from September to December 1944 by the Third United States Army, famously led by George S. Patton. The 35th Infantry"
"In the thalweg of the Altrhein lies the state border between Germany and France. Nowadays, the Grand Canal d'Alsace on the French side of the border runs parallel to the Altrhein. The urban area runs along the Altrhein and lies mostly on a part of the Rhine Plain with the Rheinwald and the . The district of Steinenstadt also contains a vineyard as exclave in the between the towns of Auggen and Schliengen. The city also has an oak forest in the Black Forest. Neighboring municipalities are in the north Hartheim am Rhein and Eschbach, in the northeast Heitersheim and"
"the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell to the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th century; Holland remained contentious territory throughout the European wars of religion and the eventual collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, when the length of the Rhine fell to the First French Empire and its client states. The Alsace on the left banks of the"
"After 1870 some parts of ""Moselle"" and ""Meurthe"" became German. Of the remaining parts, France formed the new department named Meurthe-et-Moselle. After 1918 and the Great War, France took over control again of ""Moselle"". When France created its administrative regions in the middle of the 20th century, it decided to gather ""Meurthe et Moselle"", ""Meuse"", ""Moselle"" and ""Vosges"" into a single region, known as Lorraine. Lorraine is the only French region to have borders with three other countries: Belgium (Wallonia), Luxembourg, and Germany (Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate). It also borders the French regions of Franche-Comté, Champagne-Ardenne, which were at times part of"
"in 1326. The river Rosselle marks the border between France and Germany. Coal was discovered in the vicinity of the town in 1856 by the de Wendel family. Mining became the principal economic activity in the commune. Today all mining operations have closed, though several mines have been conserved for historical purposes as part of the Carreau Wendel Museum. Petite-Rosselle Petite-Rosselle (; Palatine German: ""Klänrossle"") is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est region in north-eastern France. The commune is separated from neighbouring Großrosseln by the river Moselle, which forms the border between France and Germany. It"
"Meurthe-et-Moselle Meurthe-et-Moselle () is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers. Meurthe-et-Moselle was created in 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War from the parts of the former departments of Moselle and Meurthe which remained French territory. The current boundary between Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle was the border between France and Germany from 1871 to 1919 and again between 1940 and 1944. The only subsequent change took place in 1997 and involved the incorporation, for administrative reasons, of the little commune of Han-devant-Pierrepont which had previously fallen within the Meuse department."