"the players who are designated forwards binding together in three rows. The scrum then 'engages' with the opposition team so that the players' heads are interlocked with those of the other side's front row. In rugby union the initiation of the process is verbally coordinated by the referee who calls 'crouch, bind, set' as of 2013 (formerly 'crouch, touch, pause, engage', 'crouch and hold, engage' before 2007). The scrum-half from the team that did not infringe then throws the ball into the tunnel created in the space between the two sets of front rowers' legs. Both teams may then try"
"with all the other players in the scrum binding to the locks. The referee makes a mark where the scrum is to be formed and waits for both teams to bind together. The referee then calls ""crouch"" (both front rows must crouch down) ""touch"" (the props touch each other's shoulders) ""pause"" and then ""engage"". However, a shortened sequence is currently being trialed in which the referee calls ""crouch"" (both front rows must crouch down) ""Bind"" (the props secure binds on each other's shoulders) and then ""Set"" at which point both packs rows engage. When engage (or set) is called the"
"approach to within an arms length of each other. The referee gives the command ""crouch"" and the opposing front rows then crouch so that their backs are parallel to the ground and their head and shoulders are no lower than their hips. Then the referee calls ""bind"" and ""using their outside arm each prop binds onto the point of the opposing prop’s outside shoulder."" This command is to ensure that the two front rows are not too far apart. Finally the referee then says ""set"" (this is not a command, but rather permission to the front rows to engage) and"
"then issued the command ""set,"" which replaced ""engage"" as the indication that the packs may push forward. ""Pause"" was removed in order to speed up the scrum and to minimize resets due to collapsed scrums. As of the 2013–14 rugby season, the calls were changed to crouch, bind and set. This change required the props to bind before the pack is allowed to push, reducing the impact between the two packs when they engage. The IRB stated that this change was expected to reduce the impact ""by up to 25 per cent in elite competition."" In addition to changes in"
"back it is picked up either by the number 8, or by the scrum-half. Starting with the 2012/2013 rugby season the International Rugby Board has issued trial law amendments, one of which affects the call sequence. The referee will continue to start with ""crouch"" and ""touch"", but will now issue the command ""set"", which replaces ""engage"" as the indication that the packs may push forward. ""Pause"" has been removed in order to speed up the scrum and to minimize resets due to collapsed scrums. The command to ""touch"" was not used before 2007. Instead, the referee called ""crouch and hold"","
"made up of the two ""flankers"" and the number eight. The flankers bind on each side of the scrum — next to a lock and behind a prop. The two forward packs form a scrum by approaching to within an arms length of each other. The referee gives the command ""crouch"" and the opposing front rows then crouch. Then the referee calls ""touch"" and props touch the opposites outside shoulder. The referee then issues the ""set"" command which indicates that the two packs may come together. When this happens both front rows thrust forward with the tighthead props' heads going"
"at which time each pack crouched and held that position before the referee gave the command to ""engage"". Starting in 2013/2014 ""touch"" has been replaced with ""bind"". There are a large number of rules regarding the specifics of what can and cannot be done during a scrum. Front rowers must engage square on, rather than ""bore"" in on an angle. Front-rowers are also banned from twisting their bodies, pulling opponents, or doing anything that might collapse the scrum. The back row must remain bound until the ball has left the scrum. For flankers, this means keeping one arm, up to"
"proved successful, the team retained their white card review for that half, but if it was unsuccessful, they lost the right to further reviews for the remainder of the half. There were two further changes introduced for the 2016 season. Firstly, if a maul did not move forwards for a period of five seconds, the referee would give the team in possession a further three seconds to use the ball and failure to do so resulted in turnover of possession. Secondly, the traditional ""crouch, bind, set"" scrum call was changed to ""crouch, bind, slide"", with the slide call ensuring no"
"for a national, county, state or provincial representative side, where the selector, or ""selection panel"", act under the authority of the relevant national or provincial administrative body. Set piece Collective term for the scrum, line-out and sometimes the restart. Shoeing At the ""breakdown"" a ""ruck"" commonly forms over the players involved in the tackle. Where players who are on the ground on the opposition side of the ruck do not move away quickly enough, players on their feet may be tempted to ""help"" them move by pushing them away with their boots. This potentially dangerous act is illegal and if"
"is made on mutual agreement during a short timeout; or, in case of punishments, the more severe of the two comes into effect. The referees are obliged to make their decisions ""on the basis of their observations of facts"". Their judgements are final and can be appealed against only if not in compliance with the rules. The referees position themselves in such a way that the team players are confined between them. They stand diagonally aligned so that each can observe one side line. Depending on their positions, one is called ""field referee"" and the other ""goal referee"". These positions"
"called by the umpire. The officiating team consists of one umpire, two or more line referees and a scorer. When the umpire calls ""play"", if a team refuses to play it forfeits the match. The umpire is the sole judge on the fairness of a play, weather and lighting conditions. His decisions are final. It is the umpire's responsibility to call ""fault"" or ""let"", with (or without) an appeal from the players. If an umpire erroneously calls ""fault"" and immediately corrects himself and calls ""play"" but the striker fails to return the ball, a ""let"" is allowed. Umpires serve for"
"Basketball Association, the lead official is referred to by the term ""crew chief"" and the two other officials are ""referees"". All of the officials in a basketball game are generally accepted to have the same authority as the lead official and therefore they are collectively known as the ""officials"" or sometimes, misleadingly, the ""referees"". In boxing a referee is the person who enforces the rules during the fight. He gives instructions to the fighters, starts and stops the count when a competitor is down, and makes the determination to stop a fight when a competitor cannot continue without endangering his"
"his place near the press box, the Television Outside Broadcast van, or in more recent years, a centralised office by the organising league. He either tells the pitch referee by radio link-up or by the use of a big screen during televised matches. Unlike in the NFL, a coach cannot challenge a call made by the pitch referee. Cricket also uses an instant replay. It is used in the areas of run outs, stumpings, doubtful catches and whether the ball has crossed the boundary for a six or short of a four. The International Cricket Council decided to trial a"
"questions of fact during the match. Questions of fact include whether a ball was in, the calling of a service let or the calling of a foot-fault. In matches where line umpires are also assigned, the chair umpire has the right to overrule if he or she is sure that a clear mistake has been made. The chair umpire is often situated in a tall chair at the center of the court, behind a net post. The players' benches are to either side of the chair. From this position, the chair umpire calls the score of the match to the"
"ball before it stops moving or sink it. This boisterous game is usually only played in a military mess as the management of most public establishments would not normally condone contact sports and tolerate the apparent abuse of their equipment. CRUD is a competitive, team sport. Each member of the two teams has three lives. The exception to this rule in some establishments is for ""virgins"", those who have never played the game before, who are given an additional life. A team's order of play is established at the beginning of a game and recorded on the scoreboard. A team"
"Referee A referee or simply ref is the person of authority in a variety of sports who is responsible for presiding over the game from a neutral point of view and making on-the-fly decisions that enforce the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known, in addition to referee, by a variety of other titles as well (often depending on the sport), including umpire, judge, arbiter, arbitrator, linesman, commissaire, timekeeper, touch judge or Technical Official (by the International Olympic Committee). The term ""referee"" originated in association football. Originally the"
"labeled 1,2,3,4, 'owzthat' and 6. The second die, umpire die, is labeled 'bowled', 'stumped', 'caught', 'not out', 'no ball', and 'L.B.W.'. Before commencing, the form of 'cricket match' to be played is agreed e.g. Test cricket, Limited overs cricket, etc.. An appropriate cricket scorecard is then drawn up and the teams are written in. A toss of a coin decides which team chooses to bat first. The batting side starts the game by rolling the batting die. Any runs signalled are recorded on the scorecard. When a 'owzthat' appeal is signalled, the umpire die is rolled for a decision. The"
"Quidditch (sport) Quidditch is a sport of two teams of seven players each mounted on broomsticks played on a hockey rink-sized pitch. It is based on a fictional game of the same name invented by author J. K. Rowling, which is featured in the ""Harry Potter"" series of novels and related media. The game is also sometimes referred to as muggle quidditch to distinguish it from the fictional game, which involves magical elements such as flying broomsticks and enchanted balls. In the ""Harry Potter"" universe, a ""muggle"" is a person without the power to use magic. The pitch is rectangular"
"of many sports, including association football (where it has been superseded by ""referee"") and baseball (which still uses it). Umpire (cricket) In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French ""nompere"" meaning not a peer, i.e. not a member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field, according to the ""Laws of Cricket"". Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of"
"by some players has also been scrutinised. The referee organises a coin toss with the captains of the two teams playing to decide which team kicks off and which end they play at from kick-off. Referees may take disciplinary action from the moment they enter the playing field until the moment they leave it after they have blown their whistle to signal full-time. The referee may blow for half time and full-time when those periods have elapsed, or after hearing the hooter if responsibility has been delegated. Potential top level referees must first pass refereeing exams set by a governing"
"matches with goal-line technology, the referee will have on their person a device to receive the system's alerts. Referees use a whistle to help in match control. The whistle is sometimes needed to stop, start or restart play but should not be used for all stoppages, starts or restarts. FIFA's Laws of the Game document gives guidance as to when the whistle should and should not be used. Overuse of the whistle is discouraged since, as stated in the Laws, ""A whistle which is used too frequently unnecessarily will have less impact when it is needed."" The whistle is an"
"in a raised chair to one side of the court. The umpire has absolute authority to make factual determinations. The umpire may be assisted by line judges, who determine whether the ball has landed within the required part of the court and who also call foot faults. There also may be a net judge who determines whether the ball has touched the net during service. The umpire has the right to overrule a line judge or a net judge if the umpire is sure that a clear mistake has been made. In some tournaments, line judges who would be calling"
"lines is too easy so that to score they must be placed almost exactly in the center of the bed. An exact placement by a single shove, rather than by nudging into position by subsequent shots, is called a 'flopper' and will command applause, especially if it is a winning shot. In competition games a scoring placement is judged by a referee. In times past considerable sums could be wagered on games of shove ha'penny, and influencing the referee – whether actual or suspected – could result in sudden and violent confrontations. Because of this some public houses have a"
"a ""line judge"", ""back judge"", ""field judge"" and ""side judge"", in the order listed: i.e. a crew of five officials has a referee, umpire, head linesman, line judge and back judge. Officials are selected by the teams in advance or appointed by the governing league. While the majority of officials at lower levels only officiate games on a part-time basis, the NFL is implementing a new system where seven officials will become full-time employees of the league, one for each official position (i.e. back judge, field judge, side judge, etc.). In the other three major North American professional sports leagues"
"has been committed. The umpire is also responsible for the net. He announces the score (for the benefit of the scorer) when a point is scored or a server is out. In announcing the score he calls the number of the serving hand, followed by the score of the serving team and the score of the other team. If a match is suspended by the umpire for any reason (e.g. weather and light), it is resumed from the point at which it was stopped. In case of a tie between two or more teams in any tournament, a match is"
"""One Eye, One Arm, One Leg"" near the end of his life. This is in fact inaccurate - Nelson never lost a leg. Alternate meanings include ""One Eye, One Arm, One Ambition"" and ""One Eye, One Arm, One Arsehole"". It is particularly known as a score in cricket. A score of 111 or multiples thereof (222 = ""double nelson"", 333 = ""triple nelson"" and so on) is considered unlucky by some in English cricket. To combat the bad luck those watching are supposed to lift their feet off the ground, famously the international umpire David Shepherd, had a whole retinue"
"bout with the order ""fence"" is deemed incorrect, but in others the use of ""play"" is discouraged due to the phonetic similarity with the French ""prêts"". The use of ""fence"" is contrary to the rules in certain countries.) This is the start of a ""phrase"" i.e. an any unbroken chain of recognizable offensive and defensive actions, such as lunging or parrying performed by the two fencers. The phrase ends, when a referee has reason to stop the bout, such as corps a corps, a hit (on or off-target), or a penalty, or when both fencers return to passivity. To interrupt"
"refer the matter to the Third Umpire. The umpires may additionally refer decisions to the Third Umpire regarding Bump Balls and catches being taken cleanly (but only after the on-field umpires have consulted and both were unsighted). The Third Umpire is not used except in international or important domestic matches. The signal to refer a matter is using both hands to mime a TV screen by making a box shape. For extreme misconduct by one team, the umpire may award five penalty runs to the other team. Placing one arm on the opposite shoulder indicates that the penalty runs are"
"of retrieving an object hanging above the ring, the winner is the first person to use a ladder to ""hang"" a championship belt above the ring — after having scored a pinfall or submission (pinfalls count anywhere) to earn the right to try. A wrestler who has been pinned or forced to submit must spend two minutes in a penalty box. Penalty box The penalty box or sin bin (sometimes called the bad box, or simply bin or box) is the area in ice hockey, roller derby, rugby league, rugby union and some other sports where a player sits to"
"to grasp the team-mate’s body at or below the level of the armpit."" Failing to bind properly results in a penalty, and the opposition team being awarded a free kick. The two ""second row"" forwards (jersey numbers four and five) bind together and directly behind the front row with each putting their heads between the props and the hooker. They are more commonly referred to as ""locks"" as they ""lock"" the scrum. Lastly the back row is made up of the two ""flankers"" and the number eight. The flankers bind on each side of the scrum — next to a"
"changes in competitions that they completely control, and also allowed these changes in transnational club and provincial competitions (such as the Magners League and Super 14) with the permission of all unions involved. In March 2013, former England hooker Brian Moore wrote a scathing article on the BBC website about the state of scrums, in which he outlined his concerns that the rule changes had made things worse instead of better. Starting with the 2012–13 rugby season, the IRB issued trial law amendments, one of which affected the call sequence. The referee continued to start with ""crouch"" and ""touch,"" but"
"of life. In the last few decades though, top-level cricket has become increasingly fast-paced and competitive, increasing the use of appealing and sledging, although players are still expected to abide by the umpires' rulings without argument, and for the most part they do. Even in the modern game fielders are known to signal to the umpire that a boundary was hit, despite what could have been a spectacular save (though they may well be found out by the TV umpire anyway) and also signal if they did not take a catch even if it appeared that they did. In addition,"
"the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew. In a game officiated by two or more umpires, the umpire in chief (or home plate umpire) is the umpire who is in charge of the entire game. This umpire calls balls and strikes, calls fair balls, foul balls short of first/third base, and makes most calls concerning the batter or concerning baserunners near home plate. To avoid injury, the home plate umpire wears similar equipment to the catcher, including mask, chest protector, leg"