"new and young aviators began defining the realm of air-to-air combat, such as Max Immelmann, Oswald Boelcke, and Lanoe Hawker. One of the greatest of these ""ace pilots"" of World War I, Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron), wrote in his book ""The Red Fighter Pilot"", ""The great thing in air fighting is that the decisive factor does not lie in trick flying but solely in the personal ability and energy of the aviator. A flying man may be able to loop and do all the stunts imaginable and yet he may not succeed in shooting down a single enemy."""
"I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen. He claimed his 20th aerial victory on 24 July 1941 and over a period of four weeks claimed a further 12 victories, all over Spitfires, including five in one day, making him an ""ace-in-a-day"". On 30 August 1941, Wurmheller was awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (), and on 4 September he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () for 32 aerial victories. His former unit, 5. ""Staffel"" of JG 53, had nominated him for the Knight's Cross, but the nomination was not approved until he was assigned to JG"
"His brother Lothar (40 victories) used risky, aggressive tactics, but Manfred observed a set of maxims known as the ""Dicta Boelcke"" to assure success for both the squadron and its pilots. He was not a spectacular or aerobatic pilot like his brother or Werner Voss; however, he was a noted tactician and squadron leader and a fine marksman. Typically, he would dive from above to attack with the advantage of the sun behind him, with other pilots of his squadron covering his rear and flanks. On 23 November 1916, Richthofen shot down his most famous adversary, British ace Major Lanoe"
"Richthofen's War Richthofen's War was Avalon Hill's board wargame treatment of the air war over France during World War I. It was published in 1972. The First World War marked the dawn of modern warfare and the first use of airplanes in combat. ""Richthofen's War"" was also one of the relatively few World War I wargames published. The game was tactical in scale and each counter represented an individual aircraft. The map represented a generic section of fields and trenches and was divided by a hexagonal grid. In a nod to Manfred von Richthofen, popularly known as the ""Red Baron"","
"aces"", Pollard renamed the film, ""Richthofen, The Red Knight of the Air"". Later in distribution in the United States, the film was renamed, ""Richthofen, The Red Ace of Germany"". Aviation film historian James Farmer considered ""Richthofen"" one of the first films to depict the aerial conflicts of World War I. Richthofen (film) Richthofen (aka Richthofen, The Red Knight of the Air and Richthofen, The Red Ace of Germany) is a 1927 German silent war film directed by Desider Kertesz and Peter Joseph. The film was subsequently re-mastered with sound and music effects and re-released in the United States in 1929."
"Fokker Dr.I The Fokker Dr.I (""Dreidecker"", ""triplane"" in German), often known simply as the Fokker Triplane, was a World War I fighter aircraft built by Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. The Dr.I saw widespread service in the spring of 1918. It became famous as the aircraft in which Manfred von Richthofen gained his last 19 victories, and in which he was killed on 21 April 1918. In February 1917, the Sopwith Triplane began to appear over the Western Front. Despite its single Vickers machine gun armament, the Sopwith swiftly proved itself superior to the more heavily armed Albatros fighters then in use by the"
"Continental R-670 radial engine. A few, however, feature vintage Le Rhône 9J or reproduction Oberursel Ur.II rotary engines. Fokker Dr.I The Fokker Dr.I (""Dreidecker"", ""triplane"" in German), often known simply as the Fokker Triplane, was a World War I fighter aircraft built by Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. The Dr.I saw widespread service in the spring of 1918. It became famous as the aircraft in which Manfred von Richthofen gained his last 19 victories, and in which he was killed on 21 April 1918. In February 1917, the Sopwith Triplane began to appear over the Western Front. Despite its single Vickers machine gun armament,"
"field as its colonel. Future fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen witnessed the 22 August 1914, attack on Virton, Belgium, and wrote of Prinz Oskar’s bravery and his inspirational leadership at the front of his regiment as they went into combat. For this action, Oskar earned the Iron Cross, Second Class. A month later, at Verdun, Oskar again led his men in a successful assault into heavy combat, and was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class. After this action, he also collapsed and had to be removed from the field. Awarded the wound badge for his injuries, he spent much of"
"action against Sopwith Camels, probably by Captain Field E. Kindley of the 148th Aero Squadron USAS. He was promoted to Oberleutnant, and saw no further combat before the war ended in November. Considering the amount of time Lothar von Richthofen spent on the front and in hospitals, he was one of the most combat efficient and prolific flying aces of the war, perhaps even more so than his brother Manfred. Of his total of 40 confirmed victories, Lothar scored 33 in just three months: 15 in April 1917, 8 in May 1917, and 10 in August 1918. With the return"
"Cedric Popkin Cedric Bassett Popkin (Born 20 June 1890, died 26 January 1968) is considered the person most likely to have killed German ace Manfred von Richthofen — also known as the ""Red Baron"" — on 21 April 1918. Popkin was an anti-aircraft (AA) machine gunner with the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF), during World War I. Popkin was born in Sydney on 20 June 1890 and was a carpenter by trade. When he enlisted in the AIF, in Brisbane on 6 May 1916, he was living in Palmwoods, Queensland. Popkin left Australia on 20 October with the 6th Reinforcements,"
"however, received the most attention in the annals of military aviation, since it produced high-scoring ""aces"" such as Manfred von Richthofen, popularly known in English as ""The Red Baron"" (in Germany, he was known as """"der Rote Kampfflieger"""" [Red Air Fighter]). Other German pilots included Lothar von Richthofen, Ernst Udet, Hermann Göring, Werner Voss, the master aerial tactician Oswald Boelcke and Max Immelmann (the latter pair of aces were the first to be awarded the ""Pour le Mérite"", Imperial Germany's highest decoration for gallantry: simultaneously, on January 12, 1916.) The award to Immelmann very possibly caused the revered decoration to"
"War I were not equipped with parachutes, so in-flight fires or structural failure were often fatal. Parachutes were well-developed by 1918 having previously been used by balloonists, and were adopted by the German flying services during the course of that year. The well known and feared Manfred von Richthofen ""Red Baron"" was wearing one when he was killed, but the allied command continued to oppose their use on various grounds. In April 1917, during a brief period of German aerial supremacy a British pilot's average life expectancy was 93 flying hours, or about three weeks of active service. More than"
"11, and set the pattern for using Roman numerals in the ""Luftstreitkräfte"" for designating such larger-sized units. Manfred von Richthofen was moved up from command of Jasta 11 to command JG I. Much as Jasta 2 had been renamed as ""Jasta Boelcke"" in December 1916 after Oswald Boelcke, Germany's top fighter tactician had been lost in a mid-air collision in October 1916, following the ""Red Baron's"" death in action in late April 1918, JG I was renamed to honor von Richthofen by order of the Kaiser. The Prussians established three more ""Jagdgeschwader"". On 2 February 1918, JG II formed from"
"night and womanizing lifestyle, Udet proved an excellent squadron commander. He spent many hours coaching new fighter pilots, with an emphasis on marksmanship as being essential for success. Udet's success attracted attention for his skill, earning him an invitation to join the ""Flying Circus"", ""Jagdgeschwader"" 1 (JG 1), an elite unit of German fighter aces under the command of Manfred von Richthofen, popularly known as the Red Baron. Richthofen drove up to Udet one day as he was trying to pitch a tent in Flanders in the rain, pointing out that Udet had 20 kills, Richthofen said, ""Then you would"
"Front with ""Feldflieger Abteilung 69"" (""No. 69 Flying Squadron""). On being transferred to the Champagne front, he is believed to have shot down an attacking French Farman aircraft with his observer's machine gun in a tense battle over French lines; he was not credited with the kill, since it fell behind Allied lines and therefore could not be confirmed. Richthofen had a chance meeting with German ace fighter pilot Oswald Boelcke which led him to enter training as a pilot in October 1915. In February 1916, Manfred ""rescued"" his brother Lothar from the boredom of training new troops in Luben"
"Lanoe Hawker Lanoe George Hawker, (30 December 1890 – 23 November 1916) was a British flying ace of the First World War. Having seven credited victories, he was the third pilot to receive the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry awarded to British and Commonwealth servicemen. He was killed in a dogfight with the famous German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen (""The Red Baron""), who described him as ""the British Boelcke"". Son of a distinguished military family, Hawker was born on 30 December 1890 at Longparish, Hampshire, England. Lanoe was sent to Stubbington House School and at the age"
"is planned for the Village of Tyalgum, NSW, where he was Postmaster, by local residents in November 2018. Cedric Popkin Cedric Bassett Popkin (Born 20 June 1890, died 26 January 1968) is considered the person most likely to have killed German ace Manfred von Richthofen — also known as the ""Red Baron"" — on 21 April 1918. Popkin was an anti-aircraft (AA) machine gunner with the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF), during World War I. Popkin was born in Sydney on 20 June 1890 and was a carpenter by trade. When he enlisted in the AIF, in Brisbane on 6"
"was to send him to ""Jagdgeschwader"" 1 (JG 1−1st Fighter Wing), based in Döberitz, near Berlin. During World War I the ""Richthofen Geschwader"" name had been attached to the World War I era ""Jagdgeschwader"" 1. The ""Richthofen"" name had been incorrectly put on Wick's order. Only Wick noticed the mistake, realizing that he could now choose between JG 1 or the famous ""Jagdgeschwader"" 2 (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) which currently bore the ""Richthofen"" name. He chose the Richthofen ""Geschwader"", commanded by ""Oberst"" (Colonel) Gerd von Massow, the unit was equipped with the Bf 109 E-3 and used the tactical code"
"he lost a combat to four Caudrons and was killed in action. Confirmed victories are numbered; unconfirmed claims are labeled 'U/C'. Friedrich Manschott Vizefeldwebel Friedrich Manschott (1893–1917) was a German World War I flying ace credited with 12 aerial victories. Friedrich Manschott was born on 21 February 1893 in Reichartshausen, Großherzogtum Baden, the German Empire. Manschott earned his flyer's badge on 10 August 1917. His first assignment was to a reconnaissance unit, FA 203. There he downed his first foe, a Farman, on 15 December 1916. He was then transferred to a fighter unit, Jagdstaffel 7. Between 5 January and"
"was notably one of the eyewitnesses to the landing of the famous German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron; he witnessed Richthofen make a smooth landing after his final fight, in a field on a hill near the Bray-Corbie road, just north of Vaux-sur-Somme. By the time he was promoted to acting commander of Jagdstaffel 77, on 24 May 1918, he was an ace, with five victories confirmed and one unconfirmed claim. He had only one of three victory claims approved while he led 77. On 7 June, he received command of Jagdstaffel 35. Beginning 1 July, he"
"Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron. In May, Bishop won the Distinguished Service Order for shooting down two aircraft while being attacked by four others. On 2 June 1917, Bishop flew a solo mission behind enemy lines to attack a German-held aerodrome, where he claimed that he shot down three aircraft that were taking off to attack him and destroyed several more on the ground. For this feat, he was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC), although it has been suggested that he may have embellished his success. His VC (awarded 30 August 1917 ) was one of two awarded in"
"Hamburg. He died aged 27 on 4 July 1922 in a flying accident at Fuhlsbüttel. Richthofen was born on 27 September 1894. He and his brothers, Manfred and Bolko, hunted wild boar, elk, birds, and deer. Like his brother Manfred, Lothar began the war as a cavalry officer with the 4th Dragoon Regiment. He had remained in the public Gymnasium (high school), he was enrolled in compulsory military training at the Kriegsschule in Danzig (Gdansk, Poland) when war began. On his own initiative Lothar returned to his unit. Lothar was nearly cut down by sniper fire while on patrol. In"
"enemy aircraft, under the supervision of Boelcke. Pilots who shot down five or more fighters became known as aces. One of the most famous dogfights, resulting in the death of Major Hawker, is described by the Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen, I WAS extremely proud when, one fine day, I was informed that the airman whom I had brought down on the twenty- third of November, 1916, was the English [equivalent of] Immelmann... First we circled twenty times to the left, and then thirty times to the right. Each tried to get behind and above the other. Soon I discovered"
"extraordinary as the unit usually flew in small flights of six or fewer. Significant 'scorers' in the unit that April were Manfred von Richthofen (21 claims), Lt. Kurt Wolff (22), Lt. Karl Schäfer (15), Manfred's brother Lothar (15) and NCO pilot Sebastian Festner (10). On 26 July 1917, ""Jasta"" 11 became part of ""Jagdgeschwader"" 1 - a collection of four ""Jasta""s into one administrative and highly mobile tactical force. Richthofen was promoted to command JG I, which was the second fighter wing in the history of military aviation. It was dubbed 'Richthofen's Flying Circus' because it mimicked a circus's logistics"
"Among the 18 aces in the World War I ranks were Hans von Keudell, Kurt Wintgens, balloon buster Hans von Freden, Gustav Leffers, Walter Höhndorf, and Leopold Reimann. The squadron's casualties for the war were twelve killed in action, one killed in a flying accident, four wounded in action, and one captured. Kurt Wintgens was Jasta 1's first ace, having claimed 13 victories while flying the Fokker Eindekker before joining the unit. He claimed 6 more before being downed and killed by Alfred Heurtaux of Escadrille N.3 in September 1916. Vfw. Paul Bona claimed six victories December 1916—May 1917. He"
"A Sector. It served through war's end, before being disbanded as part of Germany's defeat. ""Staffelführer"" Rudolph Berthold was one of Germany's leading aces of World War I, being in a tie for seventh place; he was awarded the Pour le Merite, Military Order of Saint Henry, and Iron Cross. Not far behind Berthold's 44 victories was Josef Veltjens, winner of 35 aerial duels, recipient of the Pour le Merite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, and Iron Cross. Paul Rothe won an Iron Cross as the squadron's preeminent balloon buster. Other squadron aces were Johannes Werner, Hans Bowski, and Herbert"
"few lower ranking recipients of the oak leaves were mainly general staff officers responsible for planning a victorious battle or campaign). In early 1918, it was proposed to award the oak leaves to Germany's top flying ace, Manfred von Richthofen, but he was deemed ineligible under a strict reading of the regulations. Instead, Prussia awarded von Richthofen a slightly less prestigious honor, the Order of the Red Eagle, 3rd Class with Crown and Swords. This was still a high honor, as the 3rd Class was normally awarded to colonels and lieutenant colonels, and von Richthofen's award was one of only"
"no man's land and share a friendly drink. Roy Brown (RAF officer) Captain Arthur Roy Brown, , (23 December 1893 – 9 March 1944) was a Canadian First World War flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. The Royal Air Force officially credited Brown with shooting down Manfred von Richthofen, the ""Red Baron"" (who seems in fact to have been shot down by ground fire). What is less well known is that Brown never lost a pilot in his flight during combat, a rare distinction for an air unit commander of that war. This was due largely to his demands"
"on the Western Front in the mid-Spring of 1918. As with several offensives on both sides, thorough planning and preparation led to initial success, and in fact to deeper penetration than had been achieved by either side since 1914. Many British airfields had to be abandoned to the advancing Germans in a new war of movement. Losses of aircraft and their crew were very heavy on both sides – especially to light anti-aircraft fire. However, by the time of the death of Manfred von Richthofen, the famed Red Baron, on 21 April, the great offensive had largely stalled. The new"
"a purpose-built fighter plane, with a synchronized machine gun. Aviators were styled as modern-day knights, doing individual combat with their enemies. Several pilots became famous for their air-to-air combat; the most well known is Manfred von Richthofen, better known as the Red Baron, who shot down 80 planes in air-to-air combat with several different planes, the most celebrated of which was the Fokker Dr.I. On the Allied side, René Paul Fonck is credited with the most all-time victories at 75, even when later wars are considered. France, Britain, Germany and Italy were the leading manufacturers of fighter planes that saw"
"established, composed of several ""Jagdstaffeln"", known as ""Jagdgeschwader"" and ""Jagdgruppen"" (Fighter Wing and Fighter Group). These units were moved from one section of the front to another as the tactical situation demanded. The most famous of these units was ""Jagdgeschwader 1"" composed of ""Jagdstaffeln"" 4, 6, 10 and 11, commanded by Richthofen until he was killed, many of which flew the supremely manoeuvrable Fokker Dr.I triplane from the autumn of 1917. By March 1918, there were 80 ""Jagdstaffeln"" in the ""Luftstreitkräfte"", most of them equipped with Albatros D.Vs. A long overdue re-equipment with new types began, most notably the Fokker"
"of fighters became general throughout the ""Luftstreitkräfte"". The German high command permitted this practice (in spite of obvious drawbacks from the point of view of intelligence), and German propaganda made much of it by referring to Richthofen as ""Der Rote Kampfflieger""—""the Red Fighter Pilot."" Richthofen led his new unit to unparalleled success, peaking during ""Bloody April"" 1917. In that month alone, he shot down 22 British aircraft, including four in a single day, raising his official tally to 52. By June, he had become the commander of the first of the new larger ""fighter wing"" formations; these were highly mobile,"
"FA 256, and from there to FA 3. See also Aerial victory standards of World War I He applied for transfer to fighter duty in early 1918. He received fighter training and was assigned to a Prussian squadron, Jagdstaffel 6 on 13 March 1918. He would become this squadron's leading ace. He scored his first victory on 18 March, flying a Fokker Dr.I in one of the great aerial battles of the war, in which the entirety of Manfred von Richthofen's fighter wing was committed to battle en masse. Kirschstein began by shooting down a Sopwith Camel. He scored twice"