"satellites in geostationary orbits for the purpose of relaying radio signals. Thus, Arthur C. Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite and the term 'Clarke Belt' employed as a description of the orbit. Decades later a project named Communication Moon Relay was a telecommunication project carried out by the United States Navy. Its objective was to develop a secure and reliable method of wireless communication by using the Moon as a passive reflector and natural communications satellite. The first artificial Earth satellite was Sputnik 1. Put into orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4,"
"Sputnik 1 Sputnik 1 ( or ; ""Satellite-1"", or ""PS-1"", Простейший Спутник-1 or ""Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1"", ""Elementary Satellite 1"") was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957, orbiting for three weeks before its batteries died, then silently for two more months before falling back into the atmosphere. It was a 58 cm (23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. Its radio signal was easily detectable even by radio amateurs, and the 65° inclination and duration of its orbit made its"
"In October 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, ""Sputnik."" Scientists at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory took a series of measurements of ""Sputnik""'s doppler shift yielding the satellite's position and velocity. This team continued to monitor ""Sputnik"" and the next satellites into space, ""Sputnik II"" and ""Explorer I"". In March 1958 the idea of working backwards, using known satellite orbits to determine an unknown position on the Earth's surface began to be explored. This led to the ""TRANSIT"" satellite navigation system. The first ""TRANSIT"" satellite was placed in polar orbit in 1960. The system, consisting"
"first artificial satellite, ""Sputnik I"". The U.S. Air Force and the CIA assembled a highly secret Telemetry and Beacon Analysis Committee (TABAC) to analyze the signals recorded from the launch at Tyuratam and those heard all over the world from ""Sputnik"". From his work in Jam Session, Duckett was asked to be a leader in the TABAC effort. It required about 18 months to calibrate the signals and understand how they related to the launch vehicle characteristics. The payoff, however, was significant; for the next two decades this provided the U.S a major window into the operation of Soviet missiles."
"first artificial satellite that the United States successfully put into space was named SCORE and was launched in December 1958. Through it, then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent a Christmas message to the entire world. But SCORE stayed in orbit for only a few months. Its enormous surface and the orbit very close to the planet Earth made it reenter after only 500 laps around the planet. Telstar 1 was released on July 10, 1962 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, with a Delta rocket. In a rounded form, the satellite had a diameter of 88 centimeters and weighed"
"Biosatellite 1 Biosatellite 1, also known as Biosat 1 and as Biosatellite A, was a first artificial satellite unmanned U.S. belonging to Biosatellite program for biological research. It was released on December 14, 1966 by a rocket Delta G from Launch Complex 17A of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.Biosatellite 1 was the first series Biosatellite satellites. It was released in an initial orbit of perigee apogee and 33.5 degrees of orbital inclination, with period 90.5 minutes. Biosatellite 1 was carrying several specimens for the study of the effects of the space environment on biological processes. The capsule was returning"
"Ariel 3 Ariel 3 was the first artificial satellite designed and constructed in the United Kingdom. it was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 5 May 1967 aboard a Scout rocket. Ariel 3 had an orbital period of approximately 95 minutes, with an apogee of 608 km and a perigee of 497 km. It initially spun at 31 rpm for stability, though by the time the Ariel 3 deorbited, it had slowed to a rate of about 1 rpm. Ariel 3 carried five experiments. The experiments measured properties of the thermosphere as well as detected ""terrestrial radio noise"" from"
"Ariel 3 re-entered Earth's atmosphere. Ariel 3 Ariel 3 was the first artificial satellite designed and constructed in the United Kingdom. it was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 5 May 1967 aboard a Scout rocket. Ariel 3 had an orbital period of approximately 95 minutes, with an apogee of 608 km and a perigee of 497 km. It initially spun at 31 rpm for stability, though by the time the Ariel 3 deorbited, it had slowed to a rate of about 1 rpm. Ariel 3 carried five experiments. The experiments measured properties of the thermosphere as well as"
"satellites are robotic spacecraft, as are many landers and rovers. The first robotic spacecraft was launched by the Soviet Union (USSR) on 22 July 1951, a suborbital flight carrying two dogs Dezik and Tsygan. Four other such flights were made through the fall of 1951. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was put into a Earth orbit by the USSR) on 4 October 1957. On 3 November 1957, the USSR orbited Sputnik 2. Weighing , Sputnik 2 carried the first living animal into orbit, the dog Laika. Since the satellite was not designed to detach from its launch vehicle's upper"
"attained speeds in excess of Mach 2. Finally, the MiG-23 was the Soviet Union's first variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft, and the MiG-25 was Russia's first jet capable of reaching Mach 3. Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite ever launched. On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik 1 into orbit and received transmissions from it. Sputnik 1 was designed to be the forerunner for multiple satellite missions. The technology constantly underwent upgrades as the weight of satellites increased. The first notable failure occurred during Sputnik 4, an unmanned test of the Vostok capsule. A guidance system malfunction pointed"
"exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from the 1930s till its collapse in 1991. The Sputnik 1 became the first artificial Earth satellite on 4 October 1957. The satellite transmitted a radio signal, but had no sensors otherwise. Studying the Sputnik 1 allowed scientists to calculate the drag from the upper atmosphere by measuring position and speed of the satellite. Sputnik 1 broadcast for 21 days until its batteries depleted on 4 October 1957, and the satellite finally fell from orbit on 4 January 1958. The Luna programme was a series of unmanned robotic satellite launches with the goal"
"Arirang-1 Arirang-1 or Arirang I is an unmanned artificial satellite created by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute and launched by a US rocket on December 21, 1999. This was the first satellite built primarily by South Korean engineers, although previous foreign-built satellites had been launched by Korean companies. It carries a surveillance camera able to distinguish objects with a diameter of 6.6 meters. It takes its name from the popular Korean folk song Arirang. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on a Taurus rocket. It had been built in Daedeok Science Town in Daejeon, South"
"information please visit AMSAT for North America https://www.amsat.org/ and AMSAT-UK for Europe https://amsat-uk.org/ The first amateur satellite, simply named OSCAR 1, was launched on December 12, 1961, barely four years after the launch of world's first satellite, Sputnik I. The beginning of this project was very humble. The satellite had to be built in a very specific shape and weight, so it could be used in place of one of the weights necessary for balancing the payload in the rocket stage. OSCAR 1 was the first satellite to be ejected as a secondary payload (with Discoverer 36 as the primary)"
"The resulting shock to US pride and perceptions of national security, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial earth satellite, on October 4, 1957 (on the much larger R-7 rocket, developed as an ICBM), combined with the spectacular launch failure of the first complete Vanguard test launch December 6, 1957, is well known and recounted elsewhere. Thus the first US satellite, Explorer 1, was launched January 31, 1958 by a substantially larger Army Jupiter-C rocket, based on the Redstone missile, which had been developed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Huntsville, Alabama under the leadership"
"the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) transmitted: ""As result of great, intense work of scientific institutes and design bureaus the first artificial Earth satellite has been built"". The R-7 core stage, with a mass of 7.5 tonnes and a length of 26 meters, also reached Earth orbit and was visible from the ground at night as a first magnitude object following the satellite. Deployable reflective panels were placed on the booster in order to increase its visibility for tracking. The satellite, a small, highly polished sphere, was barely visible at sixth magnitude, and thus more difficult to follow"
"Vanguard 1 Vanguard 1 (ID: 1958-Beta 2 ) was the fourth artificial Earth orbital satellite to be successfully launched (following Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1). Vanguard 1 was the first satellite to have solar electric power. Although communication with the satellite was lost in 1964, it remains the oldest man-made object still in orbit, together with the upper stage of its launch vehicle. It was designed to test the launch capabilities of a three-stage launch vehicle as a part of Project Vanguard, and the effects of the space environment on a satellite and its systems in Earth orbit."
"1 on 4 October 1957. ""Sputnik"" was the first artificial satellite in orbit around the Earth, and the surprise of its successful launch, compounded by the resounding failure of Project Vanguard to launch an American satellite after two attempts, has been dubbed the ""Sputnik crisis"" and was the impetus for the beginning of the Space Race. Trying to reclaim lost ground, the United States embarked on a series of new projects and studies, which eventually included the launch of Explorer 1 and the creation of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and NASA. In 1949, the Armour Research Foundation"
"as Biosat 1 and as Biosatellite A, was the first unmanned artificial satellite belonging to the U.S. Biosatellite program for biological research. It was launched on December 14, 1966 by a Delta G rocket from Launch Complex 17A of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The Biosatellite 1 was the first series Biosatellite satellites. It was inserted in an initial orbit of 296 km perigee, 309 km apogee and 33.5 degrees of orbital inclination, with a period 90.5 minutes. The Biosatellite 1 was carrying several specimens for the study of the effects of the space environment on biological processes. When"
"to land separated from the vehicle properly, but its rocket didn't work, leaving it stranded in a slowly decaying orbit. It re-entered and disintegrated on February 15, 1967. Biosatellite 1 Biosatellite 1, also known as Biosat 1 and as Biosatellite A, was a first artificial satellite unmanned U.S. belonging to Biosatellite program for biological research. It was released on December 14, 1966 by a rocket Delta G from Launch Complex 17A of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.Biosatellite 1 was the first series Biosatellite satellites. It was released in an initial orbit of perigee apogee and 33.5 degrees of orbital"
"Clarke's October 1945 ""Wireless World"" article (called ""Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?"") discussed the necessary orbital characteristics for a geostationary orbit and the frequencies and power needed for communication. Live satellite communication was developed in the 1960s by NASA, which called it Syncom 1-3. It transmitted live coverage of the 1964 Olympics in Japan to viewers in the United States and Europe. On April 6, 1965, the first commercial satellite was launched into space, Intelsat I, nicknamed Early Bird. The first commercial VSATs were C band (6 GHz) receive-only systems by Equatorial Communications using spread spectrum"
"1, the world's first artificial satellite. Only the Soviet hierarchy were aware of Sputnik and it was the Lovell Telescope which tracked the satellite. While the transmissions from Sputnik itself could easily be picked up by a household radio, the Lovell Telescope was the only telescope capable of tracking Sputnik's booster rocket by radar; it first located it just before midnight on 12 October 1957. It also located Sputnik 2's carrier rocket at just after midnight on 16 November 1957. Jodrell Bank continued tracking new artificial satellites in the following years, and also doubled up as a long range ballistic"
"stage, the total mass in orbit was . In a close race with the Soviets, the United States launched its first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, into a orbit on 31 January 1958. Explorer I was a long by diameter cylinder weighing , compared to Sputnik 1, a sphere which weighed . Explorer 1 carried sensors which confirmed the existence of the Van Allen belts, a major scientific discovery at the time, while Sputnik 1 carried no scientific sensors. On 17 March 1958, the US orbited its second satellite, Vanguard 1, which was about the size of a grapefruit, and remains"
"Korea. The parts were shipped in three stages from Korea to California by First Express International, a Korean shipping firm. The Arirang-1 was succeeded by the Arirang-2 in 2006. Additional satellites in the series are planned. On January 6, 2008, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute reported that they had lost contact with the satellite. It is suspected to have had a malfunction that has affected power generation. Arirang-1 Arirang-1 or Arirang I is an unmanned artificial satellite created by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute and launched by a US rocket on December 21, 1999. This was the first satellite built"
"Aryabhata (satellite) Aryabhata (Hindi: आर्यभट) was India's first satellite, named after the famous Indian astronomer of the same name. It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation.The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching Indian satellites. Aryabhatta is the first man made"
"first earth's artificial satellite Sputnik 1 and set up to broadcast a beep on 20 and 40 MHz frequencies, its signal was received by scientists and ham radio operators worldwide. In March 1993 The European Radiocommunications Office (now ECC) of the CEPT launched Phase II of a Detailed Spectrum Investigation (DSI) covering the frequency range 29.7 - 960 MHz. The results were presented in March 1995. Regarding the Amateur Radio Service the DSI Management Team recommended (among other things) that frequencies in the vicinity of 40.680 MHz be considered for amateur propagation beacons. The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) is"
"one element of the United States's first generation of reconnaissance satellites that also included the Corona and Samos series. Though MiDAS failed in its primary role as a system of infrared early-warning satellites, it pioneered the technologies needed in successor systems. On October 4, 1957, from the Tyuratam range in the Kazakh SSR, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. The event, while a scientific triumph, also signified that the Soviet Union now had the capability to attack the United States with an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). The R-7, the booster rocket that launched Sputnik 1"
"in November 1957 aboard ""Sputnik 2"", which was seen less as a threat and more so as a propaganda maneuver. Sputnik crisis The Sputnik crisis was a period of public fear and anxiety in Western nations about the perceived technological gap between the United States and Soviet Union caused by the Soviets' launch of ""Sputnik 1"", the world's first artificial satellite. The crisis was a key event in the Cold War that triggered the creation of NASA and the Space Race between the two superpowers. The satellite was launched on October 4, 1957 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The United States"
"small, beeping ball, less than two feet in diameter and weighing less than 200 pounds. But the celebrations were muted at the launch control center until the down-range far east tracking station at Kamchatka received the first distinctive beep ... beep ... beep sounds from ""Sputnik 1""s radio transmitters, indicating that it was on its way to completing its first orbit. About 95 minutes after launch, the satellite flew over its launch site, and its radio signals were picked up by the engineers and military personnel at Tyura-Tam: that's when Korolev and his team celebrated the first successful artificial satellite"
"100 million. Launched in 1962, the ""Relay 1"" satellite was the first satellite to transmit television signals from the US to Japan. The first geosynchronous communication satellite, Syncom 2, was launched on 26 July 1963. The world's first commercial communications satellite, called Intelsat I and nicknamed ""Early Bird"", was launched into geosynchronous orbit on April 6, 1965. The first national network of television satellites, called Orbita, was created by the Soviet Union in October 1967, and was based on the principle of using the highly elliptical Molniya satellite for rebroadcasting and delivering of television signals to ground downlink stations. The"
"world's first commercial communications satellite, called Intelsat I and nicknamed ""Early Bird"", was launched into geosynchronous orbit on April 6, 1965. The first national network of television satellites, called Orbita, was created by the Soviet Union in October 1967, and was based on the principle of using the highly elliptical Molniya satellite for rebroadcasting and delivering of television signals to a network of twenty ground downlink stations each equipped with a parabolic antenna in diameter. The first commercial North American satellite to carry television transmissions was Canada's geostationary Anik 1, which was launched on 9 November 1972. ATS-6, the world's"
"18, 1958, an Atlas was used to launch the ""Signal Communication by Orbiting Relay Equipment"" (SCORE) satellite, which was ""The first prototype of a communications satellite, and the first test of any satellite for direct practical applications."" The satellite broadcast President Eisenhower's pre-recorded Christmas message around the world. The Atlas boosters would collapse under their own weight if not kept pressurized with nitrogen gas in the tanks when devoid of propellants. The Atlas booster was unusual in its use of ""balloon"" tanks. The rockets were made from very thin stainless steel that offered minimal or no rigid support. It was"
"SACLANT ASW Research Centre The SACLANT ASW Research Centre was the predecessor to the NATO Undersea Research Centre. It was known as The SACLANT ASW Research Centre from 1959 through 1986, and the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre from 1987 through 2003. The Centre was commonly referred to as SACLANTCEN. In the mid-1950s a series of events challenged the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1955 the Soviet Union, for the first time, launched a ballistic missile from a submarine. Two years later, on 4 October 1957, the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was"
"working with American rocketeers when the AMI was involved in weather experiments using Nike-Cajun rockets to release sodium clouds for study. While Soviet and American teams had been working on plans for orbiting research satellites for a number of years, the launch on 4 October 1957 of the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, began the Space Race in earnest and America soon launched its own Explorer 1 system in response. After Sputnik there was a desire from other countries to enter this new field of research and technological capability. In February 1961 Broglio introduced the idea to Prime Minister"