"receive one-third (all of ""D""s one-third share). Under ""per capita"", the two-thirds remaining after ""C"" 's one-third share was taken would be divided equally among all three children of ""B"" and ""D"". (Two-thirds = six ninths) Each would receive two-ninths: ""B1"", ""B2"", and ""D1"" would all receive two-ninths. ""Notes:"" In many U.S. states, such as New York, a statute has modified the ""per stirpes"" approach and utilizes instead a per capita with representation approach (also known as modern American per stirpes). Under the per capita with representation approach, the number of branches is determined by reference to the generation nearest"
"Domestic waste management in Hong Kong In Hong Kong, domestic waste has always been the largest portion of municipal solid waste. In 2014, domestic waste constitutes 65% of municipal solid waste, and 43% of total solid waste at landfills (Environmental Protection Department [EPD], 2015b). Hong Kong has the highest daily domestic waste generation rates per capita compared to other metropolitans in Asia: Metro Tokyo creates 0.77 kg per day per capita, Seoul generates 0.95 kg, Taipei City produces 1.00 kg and Hong Kong tops the rank by 1.36 kg (Environment Bureau, 2013). Table 1 (Source: Environmental Protection Department [EPD], 2015b)"
"Developed countries consume more than 60% of the world industrial raw materials and only comprise 22% of the world's population. As a nation, Americans generate more waste than any other nation in the world with 4.5 pounds (2.04 kg) of municipal solid waste (MSW) per person per day, fifty five percent of which is contributed as residential garbage. Developing nations produce lower levels of waste per capita with a higher proportion of organic material in the municipal solid waste stream. If measured by weight, organic (biodegradable) residue constitutes at least 50% of waste in developing countries. Labour costs are relatively"
"Waste management in Bangladesh Bangladesh is the ninth most populous and twelfth most densely populated country in the world. In particular, the projected urban population growth rate from 2010 to 2015 is 3%. With this population growth, there is an increasing problem of waste management particularly in the larger cities. Currently, according to an UNFPA report, Dhaka is one of the most polluted cities in the world and one of the issues concerned is the management of municipal waste. Current (2012) waste generation in Bangladesh is around 22.4 million tonnes per year or 150 kg/cap/year. There is an increasing rate"
"proposed a proposal called “Full Recovery- Zero Waste” that aim at releasing pressure of the landfills in Hong Kong and hoping the government can take it as consideration and put them into policies. Domestic waste management in Hong Kong In Hong Kong, domestic waste has always been the largest portion of municipal solid waste. In 2014, domestic waste constitutes 65% of municipal solid waste, and 43% of total solid waste at landfills (Environmental Protection Department [EPD], 2015b). Hong Kong has the highest daily domestic waste generation rates per capita compared to other metropolitans in Asia: Metro Tokyo creates 0.77 kg"
"Waste by country Waste, unwanted or unusable material, varies in type and quantity in the different countries around the world. Developed countries produce more waste per capita because they have higher levels of consumption. There are higher proportions of plastics, metals, and paper in the municipal solid waste stream and there are higher labour costs. As countries continue developing, there is a reduction in biological solid waste and ash. Per capita waste generation in OECD countries has increased by 14% since 1990, and 35% since 1980. Waste generation generally grows at a rate slightly lower than GDP in these countries."
"amount of municipal waste generated per person per year in the Republic of Ireland has fallen significantly in recent years (from over 800 kg of waste in 2007 to 570 kg per person in 2012). This figure remains above the European Union annual municipal waste average of 503 kg per person however. Each local council in Ireland has considerable control over recycling, so recycling practices vary to some extent across the country. Most waste that is not recycled is disposed of in landfill sites. One noticeable success in Ireland's environmental track record was the introduction of a plastic bag levy"
"682 10) Russia 666 11) Denmark 653 12) Bahrain 631 13) Kuwait 629 15) Australia 622 tonnes CO 16) Poland 594 17) Qatar 584 18) Trinidad & Tobago 582 19) SSlovakia 579 and 20) Netherlands 576 In footprint per person in the top were by PNAS 2011: 1. Singapore 2. Luxembourg 3. Belgium 4. the US 5. Canada 6. Ireland 7. Estonia 8. Malta 9. Finland 10. Norway 11. Switzerland 12. Australia 13. Hong Kong 14. Netherlands and 15. Taiwan. The Carbon Sense Coalition, based in Rosewood, Queensland, opposes the consensus view. It describes itself as ""a voluntary group of"
"Waste management in Thailand Thais per capita generate an estimated 1.14 kg of solid waste per day—50 percent of it biodegradable. According to Interior Ministry statistics, refuse nationwide in 2016 amounted to 27 million tonnes, up about 0.7 percent from the previous year. Of this, 4.2 million tonnes was generated in Bangkok. The yearly figure in 2009 was 15.1 million tonnes. About twenty percent of total is generated in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) Of the waste generated in 2015, only about five million tonnes were recycled. Only about eight million tonnes were handled in accordance with global best practices."
"mobile phones and computers – could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in some countries, such as India. The United States is the world leader in producing electronic waste, tossing away about 3 million tons each year. China already produces about 2.3 million tons (2010 estimate) domestically, second only to the United States. And, despite having banned e-waste imports, China remains a major e-waste dumping ground for developed countries. Society today revolves around technology and by the constant need for the newest and most high-tech products we are contributing to a mass amount of e-waste."
"Electronic waste in India India has emerged as fifth largest electronic waste producer in the world. Computer devices account for nearly 70% of e-waste, with the contribution of telecom sector being 12%, medical equipment being 8%, and electric equipments being 7% of the annual e-waste production. The Government, public sector companies, and private sector companies generate nearly 75% of electronic waste; with the contribution of individual household being only 16%. City-wise, Mumbai tops the list in producing electronic waste, followed by New Delhi, Bangalore and Chennai. State-wise Maharashtra ranks first in generation of electronic waste, followed by Tamil Nadu and"
"them, not continually increasing it whether more efficiently or not. Negative Effects of Waste About 80 million tonnes of waste in total are generated in the U.K. alone, for example, each year. And with reference to only household waste, between 1991/92 and 2007/08, each person in England generated an average of 1.35 pounds of waste per day. Experience has now shown that there is no completely safe method of waste disposal. All forms of disposal have negative impacts on the environment, public health, and local economies. Landfills have contaminated drinking water. Garbage burned in incinerators has poisoned air, soil, and"
"Municipal waste management in Winnipeg This article is about the municipal waste generation and treatment in Winnipeg, the capital and largest city of Manitoba, Canada, from 1997 to 2012. The statistical data that are represented show that with the increase in GDP per capita of Winnipeg, waste generation has decreased because of the increased effectiveness of the municipal waste management plan after 2005. It also includes the strategies used by Winnipeg City to treat municipal waste. The collection, transportation, processing or disposal and the monitoring of waste is known as waste management. Due to the harmful effects to humans and"
"material generated by municipal, industrial, or agricultural practices. Over the past 30 years, urban areas such as Dar es Salaam have grown both in terms of population and physical size. However, there have been minimal efforts made to establish sustainable waste management procedures to accompany the long term increase. By default, metropolitan areas produce a significant portion of the total solid waste of the country due to the large concentration of industry in such regions. In Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania, residents generate approximately 0.31 kg of waste per capita. In comparison, residents of squatter areas –"
"huge amount of waste. About 21 billion tons of solid waste of all types has accumulated in the country. Its incremental growth amounts to 1 billion tons a year (Annex Most solid waste is stored in Karaganda (29.4%), Eastern Kazakhstan (25.7%), Kostanai (17.0%) and Pavlodar (14.6%) oblasts. The major issues here are: increase in the formation and accumulation of municipal solid waste; existing state of separate collection, recovery and recycling of municipal waste. According to the Ministry of Environment, the country has accumulated 23 billion tons of municipal solid waste (MSW). Annual increase of accumulated solid waste equals to 700"
"Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA) is England’s largest Waste Disposal Authority, responsible for the management and disposal of municipal waste from Greater Manchester. It deals with 1.1 million tonnes of waste produced each year, from approximately 1 million households and population of over 2.27 million in the metropolitan districts of Bolton, Bury, Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside and Trafford — though part of Greater Manchester, the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan administers its own waste disposal operations, however they are represented on the authority for administration purposes. The waste comes primarily from household"
"million tons. Only 3-5% of garbage is being recycled. About 97% is stored in outdoor dumps. The greatest amount of MSW is concentrated in Almaty, the most populous city in the country. For the last year city dumps accumulated 470 thousand tons of solid waste. By today there are 4,587 garbage polygons in the country, 3,927 of which ""do not meet"" environmental and health standards. Only 603 polygons (13%) meet the health standards at some extent, and are authorized to emissions to the environment. The power sector in Kazakhstan is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution through its"
"said of the five projects: ""These projects are truly ground-breaking. Between them, they demonstrate how anaerobic digestion can help the UK efficiently meet the challenges of reducing carbon emissions and improving sustainable food production."" The single largest producer of food waste in the United Kingdom is the domestic household. In 2007, households created 6,700,000 tonnes of food waste – accounting for 19 per cent of all municipal solid waste. Potatoes account for the largest quantity of avoidable food disposed of; 359,000 tonnes per year are thrown away, 49 per cent (177,400 tonnes) of which are untouched. Bread slices account for"
"world’s waste. In 2007, China has overtaken the United States as the world's biggest producer of , while still far behind based on per capita pollution - ranked 78th among the world's nations. In February 2007, a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), representing the work of 2,500 scientists, economists, and policymakers from more than 120 countries, said that humans have been the primary cause of global warming since 1950. Humans have ways to cut greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the consequences of global warming, a major climate report concluded. But to change the climate, the transition"
"open dump sites and industrial waste. According to a report in 2003, the Pasig River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world with 150 tons of domestic waste and 75 tons of industrial waste dumped daily. The city is the second biggest waste producer in the country with 1,151.79 tons (7,500.07 cubic meters) per day, after Quezon City which yields 1,386.84 tons or 12,730.59 cubic meters per day. Both cities were cited as having poor management in garbage collection and disposal. The Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission is in charge of cleaning up the Pasig River and tributaries"
"waste is carried out by the unskilled informal sector. Electronic waste in India India has emerged as fifth largest electronic waste producer in the world. Computer devices account for nearly 70% of e-waste, with the contribution of telecom sector being 12%, medical equipment being 8%, and electric equipments being 7% of the annual e-waste production. The Government, public sector companies, and private sector companies generate nearly 75% of electronic waste; with the contribution of individual household being only 16%. City-wise, Mumbai tops the list in producing electronic waste, followed by New Delhi, Bangalore and Chennai. State-wise Maharashtra ranks first in"
"most wasteful nations in the world according to Basel Action Network's executive director Jim Puckett. As the country continues to progressively manufacture and consume more electronic goods, the e-waste generated from these goods grows as well. Japan ranks as the third most wasteful country in the world by volume behind the United States and China. Wastes are broadly divided into three different categories that consist of industrials, non-industrials, and hazardous. E-waste falls into the category of non-industrial wastes and is recognized as ""electrical and electronic wastes,"" or ""bulky trash"". Some e-waste sources include refrigerators, televisions, air conditioning units, and washing"
"of the newly planted trees. ""For more information visit:"" Kosovo Law on Water The region of Pristina is the highest waste container. In 2007, 61.644.35 ton of waste have been collected only in Pristina, while in 2008, 80.185.06 ton of waste have been collected in Pristina. Waste Collection in Pristina 2007 and 2008 The average amount of municipal waste disposal in Pristina is 0.9 kg/day per person, while 332 kg/year per person. If Pristina is compared with other municipalities, it can be seen that Pristina differs much more. While in Pristina the average waste disposal is 332 kg/year per person,"
"Waste management in Hong Kong In the densely populated Hong Kong, waste is a complex issue. The territory generates around 6.4 million tons of waste each year but is able to collect and process only a minimal portion of recyclable waste. By 2019, its existing landfills are expected to be full. The government has introduced waste management schemes and is working to educate the public on the subject. On the commercial side, producers are taking up measures to reduce waste. Hong Kong EPD (Environmental Protection Department) provides data and statistics about waste management. In Hong Kong, wastes generated can be"
"World dirty top countries were in 2009 (tonnes/capita): 1) Gibraltar 152, 2) Virgin Islands U,S 114, 3) Qatar 80, 4) Netherlands Antilles 51, 5) Bahrain 43. 6) United Arab Emirates 40, 7) Trinidad and Tobago 39, Singapore 34 and Kuwait 32. All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some United Arab Emirates produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad. One of the biggest sources of emissions in the Middle East is air conditioning, a virtual necessity in the region's often torrid climate. Per capita use of air conditioning in the Middle East"
"Waste management in Turkey Turkey generates 28,858,880 tons of solid municipal waste per year; the annual amount of waste generated per capita amounts to 390 kilograms. According to Waste Atlas, Turkey's waste collection coverage rate is 77%, whereas its unsound waste disposal rate is 69%. While the country has a strong legal framework in terms of laying down common provisions for waste management, the implementation process has been considered slow since the beginning of 1990s. Turkey's waste management system is not a priority policy area. The country regardless employs several waste management practices including sanitary landfills, incineration (only for hazardous"
"in other municipalities this average is 95 kg/year per person. The problem relies in the disposal of this waste is done in (field-waste) municipal surface. Those waste disposals have not filled the minimum standard requirements for waste. They are settled near habitats and rivers, which most of time end up polluting the rivers also, especially underground waters and wells. Oftentimes those waste disposals are burned from nature, as well as from people. During summer they smell badly because most of waste is not even covered with grit. Some disposals in Pristina have been closed, with the aim to reduce those"
"city has arranged for a corporation offer rental of crockery and dishwasher equipment. In part through this regulation, Munich reduced the waste generated by Oktoberfest, which attracts tens of thousands of people, from 11,000 metric tons in 1990 to 550 tons in 1999. China produces about 57 billion pairs of single-use chopsticks yearly, of which half are exported. About 45 percent are made from trees – about 3.8 million of them – mainly cotton wood, birch, and spruce, the remainder being made from bamboo. Japan uses about 24 billion pairs of these disposables per year, and globally about 80 billion"
"waste was produced by urban populations and estimates that that number will reach 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025 (Global Solid Waste Management Market - Analysis and Forecast). The increase in solid waste production increase the need for landfills. With the increase in urbanization these landfills are being placed closer to communities. These landfills are disproportionately located in areas of low socioeconomic status with primarily non-white populations. Findings indicated these areas are often targeted as waste sites because permits are more easily acquired and there was generally less community resistance. Additionally, within the last five years, more than 400 hazardous waste"
"to other states. States such as Michigan are taking measures to prevent their state from being the landing spot for the nation's trash. Michigan has found that in the past years most of their rise in trash rates are because of trash imports from Canada. Garbology today is used to assess waste and figure out new ideas for waste management. Edward Humes estimated that the average US citizen produces 102 tons of refuse in his or her lifetime. Scientists are currently studying the floating mass of plastic trash in the Pacific Ocean. This affected area is twice the size of"
"interference which was ignored by state governments and demands for People's police force rather than a Ruler's police force in the country. This episode highlighted the importance of waste management, negligence from the municipal corporations of Indian cities in managing the waste efficiently and several simple self sustainable ways of recycling & reusing the waste. Every year 1,60,000 megatons of waste is generated in India which is about 1.5 tons of waste per head per month. This episode highlighted the fact that how politicians and government officials in a joint venture are swallowing our money which we pay as taxes."
"initiated recycling programs and waste control with the city corporations and municipalities. However, currently, there are still insufficient incentives to improve the standard of waste management across all relevant sectors, especially for industrial waste and medical waste. Waste management in Bangladesh Bangladesh is the ninth most populous and twelfth most densely populated country in the world. In particular, the projected urban population growth rate from 2010 to 2015 is 3%. With this population growth, there is an increasing problem of waste management particularly in the larger cities. Currently, according to an UNFPA report, Dhaka is one of the most polluted"
"Waste management in Switzerland The waste management in Switzerland is based on the polluter pays principle. Bin bags are taxed with pay-per-bag fees in three quarters of the communes and the recycling rate doubled in twenty years. The recycling rate for municipal solid waste exceeds 50 percent (with an objective of 60 percent in 2020). However, although the recycling rate of 54 percent is above the European average of 28 percent (2015), Switzerland is among the largest waste producers in Europe (730 kg of waste per capita in 2014). In 2009, 2,801,285 tons of waste from households and small businesses"