"Football series between teams from Australia and Ireland since 1984. Various forms of football descended from English public school football games of the 19th century have featured a fair catch or mark. It was abolished early in the development of soccer but still exists in rugby union and American football. The mark has been one of the most distinctive features of Australian football since rules were drawn up in 1859. Some people claim that the origin of the term ""mark"" comes from the practice of a player who has just taken a mark physically marking the ground with his/her foot,"
"The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to"
"in 1848 and became particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. Known as the Cambridge Rules, they were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting called for by H. de Winton and J. C. Thring from Shrewsbury and had representatives from Eton, Harrow, Shrewsbury, Rugby and Winchester, though they were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public"
"Cambridge rules The Cambridge Rules were a code of rules for football first drawn up at Cambridge University, England, in 1848, by a committee that included H. de Winton and J. C. Thring. They are also notable for allowing goal kicks, throw-ins,and for preventing running whilst holding the ball. In 1863, a revision of the rules played a significant part in developing the rules that became association football. The playing of football had always been popular in Cambridge and in 1579 one match played at Chesterton between townspeople and Cambridge University students ended in a violent brawl that led the"
"club. The Cambridge rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting called for by H. de Winton and J. C. Thring from Shrewsbury and attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably, Sheffield Football"
"to have been the origin of the Cambridge Rules. As a result of its role in the formation of the first football rules, Parker's Piece, Cambridge, remains hallowed turf for football fans and historians. In 1846, H. de Winton and J.C. Thring, who had both attended Shrewsbury School, succeeded in making some old Etonians join them to form a football club at Cambridge University. Only a few matches were ever played, but in 1848 interest in the sport was renewed. The story of how the 1848 rules were formulated was related by Mr H.C. Malden in a letter dated 8"
"in a split between the Football Association and what would have become the future rugby ten years later. Both of them had their own uniforms, rituals, gestures and highly formalised rules. In each public school the game was formalised according to local conditions; but when the schoolboys reached university, chaos ensued when the players used different rules, so members of the University of Cambridge devised and published a set of Cambridge Rules in 1848 which was widely adopted. Another set of rules, the Sheffield Rules, was used by a number of clubs in the North of England from the 1850s."
"they were so influential in creating in 1846"". According to Charles Astor Bristed, in the early 1840s at Cambridge, there were games played between clubs from colleges and houses. Cambridge rules dates from 1848 and football is documented as being played on the original club ground, Parkers Piece, as early as 1838. The earliest existing evidence of the Cambridge University Football Club comes from ""The Laws of the University Football Club"" dated 1856, and held at Shrewsbury School. It has been claimed that the present-day Barnes Rugby Football Club, from Barnes in London, is a continuation of the nineteenth-century Barnes"
"1800s, students established a common set of simple football rules emphasising skill above force, which forbade catching the ball and 'hacking'. These 'Cambridge Rules' became the defining influence on the 1863 Football Association rules. The Cambridge University Association Football Club also played a key role in developing modern passing football. The side is credited with ""transforming the tactics of association football and almost single-handedly inventing the modern game"" in 1882. Contemporaries described Cambridge as being the first ""combination"" team in which each player was allotted an area of the field and played as part of a team in a game"
"of 1856 is based upon the 1856 copy of the Cambridge Rules held by Shrewsbury School which is entitled: ""The Laws of the University Foot Ball Club"". The Club history probably goes back even further: for example, Harvey states: ""Salopians formed a club of their own in the late 1830s/early 1840s but that was presumably absorbed by the Cambridge University Football Club that they were so influential in creating in 1846"" Certainly in the early 1840s Charles Astor Bristed confirms that at Cambridge there were games played between football clubs from different colleges and houses Similarly, other sources show that"
"were at that time called umpires. In 1847, another set of public school rules was created at Harrow which, like Eton, played the ""dribbling game"". Winchester had yet another version of the game. The original Cambridge University Rules were written in 1848 by students who were still confused by different rules operating at the various schools. This was the first attempt at codifying the rules of association football (i.e., the ""dribbling"" game) as distinct from rugby football. Unfortunately, no copy of the original Cambridge Rules has survived. The essential difference in the two codes was always that association football did"
"1848 rules survives but the following set of University Rules, circa 1856, still exists in the Library of Shrewsbury School. In 1862, J.C. Thring, who was then a master at Uppingham, brought out a new set of rules for what he called ""The Simplest Game""; these rules are also known as the ""Uppingham Rules"". Thring's rules are not normally referred to as the Cambridge rules. In October 1863, shortly before the first meeting of The Football Association, a committee drew up a new revision of the Cambridge rules. These rules were soon published in the press, and were subsequently brought"
"H. de Winton and J. C. Thring Henry de Winton and John Charles Thring were influential in the development of modern codes of football. In 1848, as undergraduates at the University of Cambridge they developed a set of rules, under which some games were played. These Cambridge Rules were more widely adopted in England, and influenced the later codes of association football, Australian rules football and other games. Winton and Thring both attended Shrewsbury School before going to Cambridge. In 1848, they called a meeting at Trinity College, Cambridge, with representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury. An eight-hour"
"that while walking past a park named Parker's Piece he ""saw some forty Gownsmen playing at football. The novelty and liveliness of the scene were amusing!"" By 1839, Albert Pell was organising football matches at the university; because each town or school had different rules, students had to devise a compromise set of rules. At Cambridge University in 1846, H. de Winton and J. C. Thring formed a pioneering football club. Only a few matches were played, but in 1848 interest in football increased and that year the Cambridge rules, the first attempt to codify a form of football were"
"were amusing!"" Parker's Piece has a special place in the history of modern football games, as it was here that the Cambridge Rules of 1848 were first put into practice. They were very influential in the creation of the modern rules of Association Football, drawn up in London by The Football Association in 1863. A plaque has been mounted at Parker's Piece bearing the following inscription: The move by the Cambridge University AFC away from Parker's Piece in 1882 coincided with the side's significant role in the development of the modern passing, combination game. In a detailed investigation into the"
"would be set down formally in Cambridge rules in 1848. However, even the apparent acceptance of these rule sets for these two variations in the game did not avert controversy over the rules by which teams should play. With the exception of a rationalised and uniform football culture that was emerging in Sheffield in the 1850s, across the United Kingdom from club to club and school to school there was little agreement over the elements of a football game, be that the time it should take to play, the number of players in a side, or indeed whether running with"
"Cambridge, is credited with having formed the first ""football"" team. During this early period different schools used different rules, with former pupils from Rugby and Eton attempting to carry their preferred rules through to their universities. A significant event in the early development of rugby football was the production of the first written laws of the game at Rugby School in 1845, which was followed by the Cambridge Rules drawn up in 1848. Other important events include the Blackheath Club's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the formation of the Rugby Football Union in 1871. The code"
"played. The Football Association intended to frame a universal code of laws in 1863, but several newspapers published the 1848 Cambridge rules before they were finalised. The Cambridge rules included rules for ""running with the ball"" and ""hacking"" (kicking an opponent in the shins) which were not part of the Football Association draft. They decided not to include those rules in their release, causing a number of rugby clubs to break away from the Football Association. The rules for playing rugby still differed between clubs, so in 1870 twenty one clubs formed the England-based Rugby Football Union (RFU) and standardised"
"of rules were drawn up by members of the University in 1848. The Cambridge Rules were first played on Parker's Piece and had a ""defining influence on the 1863 Football Association rules."" which again were first played on Parker's Piece. The city is home to Cambridge United F.C., who play at the Abbey Stadium. Formed in 1912, as Abbey United, they were elected to the Football League in 1970 and reached the Football League Second Division in 1978, although a serious decline in them in the mid 1980s saw them drop back down to the Football League Fourth Division and"
"Charterhouse and Westminster School were influential in forming the new rules, at both schools the pupils' surroundings meant they were confined to playing their football in the cloisters, making the rough and tumble of the handling game that was developing at other schools such as Rugby impossible, and necessitating a different code of rules. Forest School was also influential in formulating the new rules, being present at the fifth meeting of the F.A. on 1 December 1863, and having several members at the influential Forest Club. During the formulation of the rules of Association Football in the 1860s representatives of"
"Thring also produced another set of rules when he was a master at Uppingham School in 1862, which he called The Simplest Game. These rules are also known as the Uppingham Rules. H. de Winton and J. C. Thring Henry de Winton and John Charles Thring were influential in the development of modern codes of football. In 1848, as undergraduates at the University of Cambridge they developed a set of rules, under which some games were played. These Cambridge Rules were more widely adopted in England, and influenced the later codes of association football, Australian rules football and other games."
"meeting took place, and the Cambridge rules were produced. No copy of these rules now exists, but a revised edition from about 1856 is held in the library at Shrewsbury School. A later revision produced in October 1863 were brought to the table at an early meeting of The Football Association (FA) in December. The adoption of some of the ideas from this set of rules led to the decision of the FA to make hacking and carrying illegal, thus precipitating the split with rugby football. The Cambridge rules were therefore the basis of the FA's Laws of the Game."
"representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury. An eight-hour meeting produced what amounted to the first set of modern rules, known as the ""Cambridge rules"". No copy of these rules now exists, but a revised version from circa 1856 is held in the library of Shrewsbury School. The rules clearly favour the kicking game. Handling was only allowed ""when a player catches the ball directly from the foot"" entitling them to a free kick and there was a primitive offside rule, disallowing players from ""loitering"" around the opponents' goal. The Cambridge rules were not widely adopted outside English public"
"1848. The Surrey Football Club was established in 1849 and published the first non-school football list of rules (which were probably based upon the eighteenth century Gymnastic Society cited above). Windsor Home Park F.C. was in existence as early as 1854, and would go on to compete in early editions of the FA Cup. Cambridge University Association Football Club has been described by the university as the oldest club now playing association football. For example, : ""Salopians formed a club of their own in the late 1830s/early 1840s but that was presumably absorbed by the Cambridge University Football Club that"
"by Eton's code and which would be set down formally in Cambridge rules in 1848. However, even the apparent acceptance of these rule sets for these two variations in the game did not avert controversy over the rules by which teams should play. With the exception of a rationalised and uniform football culture that was emerging in Sheffield in the 1850s, across the United Kingdom from club to club and school to school there was little agreement over the elements of a football game, be that the time it should take to play, the number of players in a side,"
"school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield Football Association in 1867. During the early 1860s, there were increasing attempts in England to unify and reconcile the various football games that were played in the public schools as well in the industrial north under the Sheffield Rules. In 1862, J. C. Thring, who had been one of the driving forces behind the original Cambridge Rules, was a master at Uppingham School and issued his own rules of what he called ""The Simplest Game"" (""aka"" the Uppingham Rules). In early October 1863, a revised version of the Cambridge"
"in English football's governing body as such associations as London, the Army and Women's football. Football in Cambridge was being played on Parker's Piece as far back as the 1830s. However it was not until 1855 that the University had a formal football club, Cambridge University Association Football Club, making it one of the oldest clubs in the world. Collegiate football helped spread the game in the 1870s, and the first competition for these teams was held in 1882–1883. The format was a knockout tournament based on the FA Challenge Cup, which had been created in 1871. The first entrants"
"probably part of the ""Cambridge Rules"" from their inception in 1848. A ruleset dating from 1856 found in the library of Shrewsbury School is probably closely modelled on the Cambridge Rules and is thought to be the oldest set still in existence. Rule No. 9 required more than three defensive players to be ahead of an attacker who plays the ball. The rule states: When the original Laws of the Game were first drafted in 1863 no forward passes of any sort were permitted, except for kicks from behind the goal line. The rule states: As football developed in the"
"grown throughout Australia and in other parts of the world, and the Australian Football League emerged as the dominant professional competition. During the early 1860s, there were increasing attempts in England to unify and reconcile the various public school games. In 1862, J. C. Thring, who had been one of the driving forces behind the original Cambridge Rules, was a master at Uppingham School and he issued his own rules of what he called ""The Simplest Game"" (these are also known as the Uppingham Rules). In early October 1863 another new revised version of the Cambridge Rules was drawn up"
"to the attention of the committee of the fledgling Football Association. Elements of these rules found favour with a majority of the members of the FA and influenced the draft rules that were then under discussion by the FA. The FA committee voted to adopt parts of the Cambridge rules (and parts of Sheffield Football Association rules) and led to the displeasure of the representative from Blackheath. Blackheath's decision to withdraw from the FA further precipitated the subsequent development and codification of the Rugby game. Cambridge rules The Cambridge Rules were a code of rules for football first drawn up"
"which permitted players to move in front of the ball opened the way to the subsequent development of the Combination Game. The Cambridge Rules were the first codified rules of football and the predecessor of modern association football. They were very influential in the creation of the modern rules of football drawn up in London by Ebenezer Cobb Morley for the Football Association, as shown in the following praise: A plaque has been mounted at Parker's Piece, Cambridge to document its unique role in the creation of modern football. It bears the following inscription: Here on Parker's Piece, in the"
"one of Astroturf; almost all boys play football in the Michaelmas term. Salopians were prominent in the early history of the organised game at Cambridge University, according to Adrian Harvey ""Salopians formed a club of their own in the late 1830s/early 1840s but that was presumably absorbed by the Cambridge University Football Club that they were so influential in creating in 1846"". This would make the club the oldest football club in the world. The school has an 1856 copy of the Cambridge rules of football, predating the 1863 rules of the FA. There are eight boys' boarding houses, four"
"was torn between an admiration for Harvard's style of play and the misery of the Yale defeat, and became determined to avenge Yale's defeat. Spectators from Princeton also carried the game back home, where it quickly became the most popular version of football. On November 23, 1876, representatives from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia met at the Massasoit House in Springfield, Massachusetts to standardize a new code of rules based on the rugby game first introduced to Harvard by McGill University in 1874. Three of the schools—Harvard, Columbia, and Princeton—formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, as a result of the meeting."