"and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N. Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition, the German Meteor expedition, Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office. The oldest known mentions of an ""Atlantic"" sea come from Stesichorus around mid-sixth century BC (Sch. A. R. 1. 211): ""Atlantikoi pelágei"" (Greek: Ἀτλαντικῷ πελάγει; English: 'the Atlantic sea'; etym. 'Sea of Atlantis') and in ""The Histories"" of Herodotus"
"Atlantis Atlantis (, ""island of Atlas"") is a fictional island mentioned within an allegory on the hubris of nations in Plato's works ""Timaeus"" and ""Critias"", where it represents the antagonist naval power that besieges ""Ancient Athens"", the pseudo-historic embodiment of Plato's ideal state in ""The Republic"". In the story, Athens repels the Atlantean attack unlike any other nation of the known world, supposedly giving testament to the superiority of Plato's concept of a state. The story concludes with Atlantis falling out of favor with the deities and submerging into the Atlantic Ocean. Despite its minor importance in Plato's work, the"
"south toward Crete and beyond which is Egypt. The Thera eruption and the Late Bronze Age collapse affected that area and might have been the devastation to which the sources used by Plato referred. Significant events such as these would have been likely material for tales passed from one generation to another for almost a thousand years. The location of Atlantis in the Atlantic Ocean has a certain appeal given the closely related names. Popular culture often places Atlantis there, perpetuating the original Platonic setting as they understand it. The Canary Islands and Madeira Islands have been identified as a"
"an inset map of the continent sited off the coast of Africa and at the straits into the Mediterranean. Underwater geography: General: Ancient sources Modern sources Atlantis Atlantis (, ""island of Atlas"") is a fictional island mentioned within an allegory on the hubris of nations in Plato's works ""Timaeus"" and ""Critias"", where it represents the antagonist naval power that besieges ""Ancient Athens"", the pseudo-historic embodiment of Plato's ideal state in ""The Republic"". In the story, Athens repels the Atlantean attack unlike any other nation of the known world, supposedly giving testament to the superiority of Plato's concept of a state."
"Location hypotheses of Atlantis Location hypotheses of Atlantis are various proposed real-world settings for the fictional island of Atlantis, described as a lost civilization mentioned in Plato's dialogues ""Timaeus"" and ""Critias"", written about 360 B.C. In these dialogues, a character named Critias claims that an island called Atlantis was swallowed by the sea about 9,200 years previously. According to the dialogues, this story was passed down to him through his grandfather, also named Critias, who in turn got it from his father, Dropides, who had got it from Solon, the famous Athenian lawmaker, who had got the story from an"
"the fabled Atlantis of Plato ..."" Other early Christian writers wrote about Atlantis, although they had mixed views on whether it once existed or was an untrustworthy myth of pagan origin. Tertullian believed Atlantis was once real and wrote that in the Atlantic Ocean once existed ""[the isle] that was equal in size to Libya or Asia"" referring to Plato's geographical description of Atlantis. The early Christian apologist writer Arnobius also believed Atlantis once existed, but blamed its destruction on pagans. Cosmas Indicopleustes in the sixth century wrote of Atlantis in his ""Christian Topography"" in an attempt to prove his"
"to bury the defeated giant. Homer mentions the mountain Athos in the Iliad. Herodotus writes that, during the Persian invasion of Thrace in 492 BC, the fleet of the Persian commander Mardonius was wrecked with losses of 300 ships and 20,000 men, by a strong North wind while attempting to round the coast near Mount Athos. Herodotus mentions the peninsula, then called ""Acte,"" telling us that Pelasgians from the island of Lemnos populated it and naming five cities thereon, Sane, Cleonae (Kleonai), Thyssos (Thyssus), Olophyxos (Olophyxis), and Acrothoï (Akrothoön). Strabo also mentions the cities of Dion (Dium) and Acrothoï. Eretria"
"offering a possible explanation for the described catastrophic destruction (reference — Gutscher, M.-A., 2005. Destruction of Atlantis by a great earthquake and tsunami? A geological analysis of the Spartel Bank hypothesis. Geology, v. 33, p. 685-688.) . Collina-Girard proposes that the disappearance of this island was recorded in prehistoric Egyptian tradition for 5,000 years until it was written down by the first Egyptian scribes around 4000-3000 BC, and the story then subsequently inspired Plato to write a fictionalized version interpreted to illustrate his own principles. A detailed review in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review comments on the discrepancies in Collina-Girard's"
"basis for his Atlantis myth. Several writers have speculated that Antarctica is the site of Atlantis, while others have proposed Caribbean locations such as the alleged Cuban sunken city off the Guanahacabibes peninsula in Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Bermuda Triangle. Areas in the Pacific and Indian Oceans have also been proposed including Indonesia (i.e. Sundaland). The stories of a lost continent off the coast of India, named ""Kumari Kandam,"" have inspired some to draw parallels to Atlantis. In order to give his account of Atlantis verisimilitude, Plato mentions that the story was heard by Solon in Egypt, and transmitted"
"of Atlantis is the Richat Structure. It is nearby Ouadane, which was a learning center. The structure's dimensions are claimed to be similar to those described by Plato. This structure is generally considered to be a deeply eroded domal structure that overlies a still-buried alkaline igneous intrusion. Location hypotheses of Atlantis Location hypotheses of Atlantis are various proposed real-world settings for the fictional island of Atlantis, described as a lost civilization mentioned in Plato's dialogues ""Timaeus"" and ""Critias"", written about 360 B.C. In these dialogues, a character named Critias claims that an island called Atlantis was swallowed by the sea"
"Icarian Sea The Icarian Sea (, ""Ikario Pelagos"") is a subdivision of the Mediterranean Sea that lies between the Cyclades and Asia Minor. It is described as the part of the Aegean Sea to the south of Chios, to the east of the Eastern Cyclades and west of Anatolia. It contains the islands of Samos, Cos, Patmos, Leros, Fournoi Korseon and Icaria. It is the place, in myth, into which Icarus made his fatal fall from the sky during his flight from Crete with his father Daedalus. It is either directly from this legend that it gets its name, or"
"History Channel programme ""Lost Worlds"" (episode ""Atlantis""), the Discovery Channel's ""Solving History with Olly Steeds"", and the BBC's ""Atlantis, The Evidence"", which suggests that Thera is Plato's Atlantis. Post-Minoan eruptive activity is concentrated on the Kameni islands, in the centre of the lagoon. They have been formed since the Minoan eruption, and the first of them broke the surface of the sea in 197 BC Nine subaerial eruptions are recorded in the historical record since that time, with the most recent ending in 1950. In 1707 an undersea volcano breached the sea surface, forming the current centre of activity at"
"Atlantis, which was then destroyed in a catastrophe. Plato's dialogue does not mention a name for the priest, but Plutarch (46–120 AD), in his ""Life of Solon"" identified the aged priest as Sonchis: Plutarch gives a more detailed description on the Greek philosophers who visited Egypt and received advice by the Egyptian priests in his book ""On Isis and Osiris"". Thus Thales of Miletus, Eudoxus of Cnidus, Solon, Pythagoras, (some say Lycurgus of Sparta also) and Plato, traveled into Egypt and conversed with the priests. Eudoxus was instructed by Chonupheus of Memphis, Solon by Sonchis of Saïs and Pythagoras by"
"Pleistocene, and Holocene epochs that the feature that Sarmast interprets to be Atlantis and its adjacent sea bottom were always submerged below sea level. Therefore, the entire Cyprus Basin, including the ridge where Sarmast claims that Atlantis is located, has been submerged beneath the Mediterranean Sea for millions of years. Since its formation, the sea bottom feature identified by Sarmast as ""Atlantis"" has always been submerged beneath over a kilometer of water. A. Giovannini has argued that the submergence of the Greek city of Helike in 373 BC, i.e. while Plato was alive, may have been the inspiration for a"
"flooded around 5000 BC. This flood is also thought to have inspired the Biblical story of Noah's Ark known as the Black Sea deluge theory. The Great Atlantis Flood, by Flying Eagle & Whispering Wind, locates Atlantis in the Sea of Azov. The theory proposes that the Dialogues of Plato present an accurate account of geological events, which occurred in 9,600 BC, in the Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridor. Glacial melt-waters, at the end of the Younger Dryas Ice Age caused a dramatic rise in the sea level of the Caspian Sea. An earthquake caused a fracture, which allowed the Caspian Sea"
"nation as his example, drawing loose inspiration from contemporary events such as the failed Athenian invasion of Sicily in 415–413 BC or the destruction of Helike in 373 BC. The only primary sources for Atlantis are Plato's dialogues ""Timaeus"" and ""Critias""; all other mentions of the island are based on them. The dialogues claim to quote Solon, who visited Egypt between 590 and 580 BC; they state that he translated Egyptian records of Atlantis. Written in 360 BC, Plato introduced Atlantis in ""Timaeus"": The four people appearing in those two dialogues are the politicians Critias and Hermocrates as well as"
"is unlikely that he knew about it. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20717 RMS Atlantic RMS ""Atlantic"" was a transatlantic ocean liner of the White Star Line that operated between Liverpool, United Kingdom, and New York City, United States. During the ship's 19th voyage, on 1 April 1873, she ran onto rocks and sank off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, killing at least 535 people. It remained the deadliest civilian maritime disaster in the North Atlantic Ocean until the sinking of on 2 July 1898 and the greatest disaster for the White Star Line prior to the loss of in April 1912. ""Atlantic"" was"
"that the 9,000 ""years"" of Plato were 9,000 ""months"" (750 years). This was also repeated and clarified by historian Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa in 1572 in his ""History of the Incas"", who by calculation of longitude stated that Atlantis must have stretched from within two leagues of the strait of Gibraltar westwards to include ""all the rest of the land from the mouth of the Marañon (Amazon River) and Brazil to the South Sea, which is what they now call America."" He thought the sunken part to be now in the Atlantic Ocean but that it was from this sunken"
"Atlantis in popular culture The mythical island of Atlantis has often been depicted in books, television shows, films and other creative works of popular culture. Before 1900 there was an overlap between verse epics dealing with the fall of Atlantis and novels with a pretension to fine writing which are now regarded as pioneering genre fiction. Jules Verne’s ""20,000 Leagues Under The Sea"" (1869/71) includes a visit to sunken Atlantis aboard Captain Nemo's submarine ""Nautilus"". In Elizabeth Birkmaier's ""Poseidon's Paradise: the Romance of Atlantis"" (San Francisco 1892), the island sinks following an earthquake. C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne also depicted the"
"in December 1437, when his ship sought shelter from a storm on the island during his journey to the Council of Ferrara. On 12 February 1944, SS ""Oria"" sank in a storm on the south east rocks of Patroklos island with 4,074 killed, most Italian military internees. It was also the island at the heart of the Israeli political scandal known as the ""Greek island affair"". Patroklos (Attica) Patroklos () or Gaidouronisi (Γαϊδουρονήσι, ""donkey island"") is a small, private island located in the Saronic Gulf, Greece. It is situated about 65 km from Athens and 3 km from Sounion and"
"from the island of Icaria. Icarian Sea The Icarian Sea (, ""Ikario Pelagos"") is a subdivision of the Mediterranean Sea that lies between the Cyclades and Asia Minor. It is described as the part of the Aegean Sea to the south of Chios, to the east of the Eastern Cyclades and west of Anatolia. It contains the islands of Samos, Cos, Patmos, Leros, Fournoi Korseon and Icaria. It is the place, in myth, into which Icarus made his fatal fall from the sky during his flight from Crete with his father Daedalus. It is either directly from this legend that"
"dates and use of coincidences, concluding that he ""has certainly succeeded in throwing some light upon some momentous developments in human prehistory in the area west of Gibraltar. Just as certainly, however, he has not found Plato's Atlantis."" According to Michael Hübner, Atlantis core region was located in South-West Morocco at the Atlantic Ocean. In his papers an approach to the analysis of Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias is described. By means of a hierarchical constraint satisfaction procedure, a variety of geographically relevant indications from Plato's accounts are used to infer the most probable location of Plato's ""Atlantis Nesos"". The"
"in the Azores, which have been mapped since 1351, have constantly changed their shape, with large parts of Corvo having disappeared into the sea.’ In his last theory, Berlitz claimed the scenario presented by Plato was essentially correct. Although most of his evidence was thought provoking, his evidence was slim to non-existent. Here a diver had supposedly located a massive submerged pyramid near the Bahamas, but would not reveal the coordinates. ""An island supposedly emerged from the Atlantic Ocean in 1882, complete with bronze artefacts, but was never found again, and the log of the ship which discovered it was"
"bank has been submerged beneath the Bay of Biscay for millions of years. In his book ""Atlantis of the West: The Case For Britain's Drowned Megalithic Civilization"" (2003), Paul Dunbavin argues that a large island once existed in the Irish Sea and that this island was Atlantis. He argues that this Neolithic civilization in Europe was partially drowned by rising sea levels caused by a comet impact that caused a pole shift and changed the earth's axis around 3100 BC. Such changes would be readily detectable to modern science, however, and Dunbavin's claims are considered pseudo-scientific at best within the"
"detailed surviving set of identifications: Plutarch agrees with Strabo on the location of Calypso's island of Ogygia in the Atlantic, and specifically west of Britain. He also repeats what Plato had described as a continent on the opposite side of the Atlantic ( North America ? ), and he adds that from this continent Ogygia was about 900 kilometres / 558 miles distant. Plutarch's account of Ogygia has created a lot of controversy as to whether he was referring to a real or a mythical place. Kepler in his ""“Kepleri Astronomi Opera Omnia”"" estimated that “the great continent” was America"
"such as Troy, Tartessos, and Tantalis (in the province of Manisa, Turkey); Israel-Sinai or Canaan; and northwestern Africa. The Thera eruption, dated to the seventeenth or sixteenth century BC, caused a large tsunami that some experts hypothesize devastated the Minoan civilization on the nearby island of Crete, further leading some to believe that this may have been the catastrophe that inspired the story. In the area of the Black Sea the following locations have been proposed: Bosporus and Ancomah (a legendary place near Trabzon). Others have noted that, before the sixth century BC, the mountains on either side of the"
"and attempted to locate Ogygia and the surrounding islands. G. Mair in 1909 proposed that the knowledge of America came from Carthaginian sailors who had reached the Gulf of Mexico. Hamilton in 1934 indicated the similarities of Plutarch's account and Plato's location of Atlantis on the Timaeus, 24E - 25A. Other sources offer miscellaneous details. The ""Library"" wrongly attributed to Apollodorus summarises most of the accounts given above. Aristonicus, a contemporary of Strabo's, wrote a monograph ""On the wanderings of Menelaus"", which influenced Strabo's own discussion. Finally, the ""Ephemeris"" attributed to Dictys of Crete, who claims to have been present"
"died on Zakynthos after being shipwrecked while making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. His body is thought to have been buried on the island but the site has been lost. Zakynthos Zakynthos ( ; ) or Zante (; ; , ""rare"": ; from the Venetian form), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands. Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality. It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length. The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos,"
"Gulf of Laconia were called the ""Pillars of Hercules"", and they could be the geographical location being described in ancient reports upon which Plato was basing his story. The mountains stood at either side of the southernmost gulf in Greece, the largest in the Peloponnese, and that gulf opens onto the Mediterranean Sea. If from the beginning of discussions, misinterpretation of Gibraltar as the location rather than being at the Gulf of Laconia, would lend itself to many erroneous concepts regarding the location of Atlantis. Plato may have not been aware of the difference. The Laconian pillars open to the"
"Atlantis story has had a considerable impact on literature. The allegorical aspect of Atlantis was taken up in utopian works of several Renaissance writers, such as Francis Bacon's ""New Atlantis"" and Thomas More's ""Utopia"". On the other hand, nineteenth-century amateur scholars misinterpreted Plato's narrative as historical tradition, most notably in Ignatius L. Donnelly's """". Plato's vague indications of the time of the events—more than 9,000 years before his time—and the alleged location of Atlantis—""beyond the Pillars of Hercules""—has led to much pseudoscientific speculation. As a consequence, Atlantis has become a byword for any and all supposed advanced prehistoric lost civilizations"
"plateau for millions of years. The submerged island of Spartel near the Strait of Gibraltar has also been suggested. Several hypotheses place the sunken island in northern Europe, including Doggerland in the North Sea, and Sweden (by Olof Rudbeck in ""Atland"", 1672–1702). Doggerland, as well as Viking Bergen Island, is thought to have been flooded by a megatsunami following the Storegga slide of c. 6100 BC. Some have proposed the Celtic Shelf as a possible location, and that there is a link to Ireland. In 2011, a team, working on a documentary for the National Geographic Channel, led by Professor"
"Plateau (off Norway), Faroe-Shetland Basin, Hebrides, Outer Moray Firth and Denmark. The supercontinent known as Pangea existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras and began to rift around 200 million years ago. Pangea had three major phases of breakup. The first major phase began in the Early-Middle Jurassic, taking place between North America and Africa. The second major phase of breakup began in the Early Cretaceous. The South Atlantic Ocean opened around 140 million years ago as Africa separated from South America, and about the same time, India separated from Antarctica and Australia, forming the central Indian Ocean."
"Thalatta! Thalatta! Thálatta! Thálatta! ( — ""The Sea! The Sea!"") was the shouting of joy when the roaming 10,000 Greeks saw Euxeinos Pontos (the Black Sea) from Mount Theches (Θήχης) in Trebizond, after participating in Cyrus the Younger's failed march against the Persian Empire in the year 401 BC. The mountain was only a five-day march away from the friendly coastal city Trapezus. The story is told by Xenophon in his ""Anabasis"". ""Thálatta"" (θάλαττα, pronounced ) is the Attic form of the word. In Ionic, Doric, Koine, Byzantine, and Modern Greek it is ""thálassa"" (θάλασσα). The cry is mentioned by"