"in which one side fails to score at all; the usage is especially found in cricket. Whitewash Whitewash, or calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)) and chalk calcium carbonate, (CaCO), sometimes known as ""whiting"". Various other additives are sometimes used. Whitewash cures through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, a reaction known as carbonation. It is usually applied to exteriors; however, it has been traditionally used in interiors of food preparation areas, particularly rural dairies, because of"
"Carmine Carmine ( or ), also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color. The pigment is produced from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale and certain ""Porphyrophora"" species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics, and some medications. It is routinely added to food products such as yogurt, candy"
"to be of plant origin, using calcium oxide in order to gauge color depth. Carmine Carmine ( or ), also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color. The pigment is produced from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale and certain ""Porphyrophora"" species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics,"
"Calgon Calgon is a brand registered trademark of water softener, and bath and beauty products. The original product consisted of powdered sodium hexametaphosphate (amorphous sodium polyphosphate), which in water would complex with ambient calcium ion and certain other cations, preventing formation of unwanted salts and interference by those cations with the actions of soap or other detergents. Its name was a portmanteau derived from the phrase ""calcium gone"". Originally promoted for general use in bathing and cleaning, it gave rise to derivative products which have diverged from the original composition. Today, Calgon water softener contains the active ingredients zeolite and"
"enough was known of metallic zinc to make brass solder directly by combining copper and spelter (zinc ingots). In 1738 a patent was granted to William Champion, a Bristol brass founder, for the large-scale reduction of calamine to produce spelter. In 1684 a paper presented to the Royal Society touched on the medicinal and veterinary properties of the compound when in finely powdered form. Calamine (mineral) Calamine is a historic name for an ore of zinc. The name ""calamine"" was derived from ""lapis calaminaris"", a Latin corruption of Greek ""cadmia (καδμία)"", the old name for zinc ores in general. The"
"Calamine (mineral) Calamine is a historic name for an ore of zinc. The name ""calamine"" was derived from ""lapis calaminaris"", a Latin corruption of Greek ""cadmia (καδμία)"", the old name for zinc ores in general. The name of the Belgian town of Kelmis, ""La Calamine"" in French, which was home to a zinc mine, comes from that. In the 18th and 19th centuries large ore mines could be found near the German village of Breinigerberg. During the early 19th century it was discovered that what had been thought to be one ore was actually two distinct minerals: Although chemically and"
"Clofazimine Clofazimine, sold under the brand name Lamprene, is a medication used together with rifampicin and dapsone to treat leprosy. It is specifically used for multibacillary (MB) leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum. Evidence is insufficient to support its use in other conditions. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, itchiness, dry skin, and change in color of the skin. May also cause swelling of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, increased blood sugar, and sensitivity to the sun. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. Clofazimine is a phenazine dye and believed to"
"the eyes. It is used in some tattoos. Copper phthalocyanine green 36 is a variant where some of the chlorine atoms are replaced with bromine. Bromination is less efficient than chlorination. Consequently the degree of bromination is lower. Phthalocyanine Green G Phthalocyanine green G, which has many commercial names, is a synthetic green pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes, a complex of copper(II) with chlorinated phthalocyanine. It is a soft green powder, which is insoluble in water. It is a bright, high intensity colour used in oil and acrylic based artist's paints, and in other applications. Phthalocyanine green is"
"Carthamin Carthamin is a natural red pigment derived from safflower (""Carthamus tinctorius""), earlier known as carthamine. It is used as a dye and a food coloring. As a food additive, it is known as Natural Red 26. Safflower has been cultivated since ancient times, and carthamin was used as a dye in ancient Egypt. It was used extensively in the past for dyeing wool for the carpet industry in European countries and to create cosmetics for stylish women, geisha and kabuki artists in Japan, where the color is called ""beni"" (紅). It competed with the early synthetic dye fuchsine as"
"thinners (mineral spirits, turpentine substitute or naphtha). The F-101 also had 1–3% of carbon black added as a pigment. The asphalt used in the Ford formulations was specified to be Gilsonite. This has long been used in formulations of paint for use on ironware as it increases the elasticity of the paint layer, allowing it to adhere to steel subjected to vibration, deformation and thermal expansion without cracking or peeling. It is also cheap, yields a glossy dark surface, and acts as a curing agent for the oil. Japan black Japan black (also called black japan) is a lacquer or"
"although the dyes were comparable in quality and color intensity it needed ten to twelve times as much kermes to produce the same effect as cochineal. Carmine is the name given to the dye made from the dried bodies of the female cochineal, although the name crimson is sometimes applied to these dyes too. Cochineal appears to have been brought to Europe during the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniard Hernán Cortés, and the name 'carmine' is derived from the French ""carmin"". It was first described by Mathioli in 1549. The pigment is also called ""cochineal"" after the insect from"
"Police. Nowadays carmine dyes are used for coloring foodstuffs, medicines and cosmetics. As a food additive in the European Union, carmine dyes are designated E120, and are also called cochineal and Natural Red 4. Carmine dyes are also used in some oil paints and watercolors used by artists. ‘’Crimson and Clover’’ 1968 Crimson Crimson is a strong, red color, inclining to purple. It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, ""Kermes vermilio"", but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red colors that are between red and rose."
"Catalin Catalin is a brand name for a thermosetting polymer developed and trademarked in 1927 by the American Catalin Corporation of New York City, when the company acquired the patents for Bakelite. A phenol formaldehyde resin, it can be worked with files, grinders, and cutters, and polished to a fine sheen. Catalin is produced by a different, two-stage process, than other types of phenolic resins, and does not contain fillers, such as sawdust or carbon black. Catalin is transparent, near colorless, rather than opaque. Unlike other phenolics, it can be produced in bright colors or even marbled. This fact has"
"countries) is nothing but calcium carbonate. After drying the calcium carbonate plaster turns white and then the wall is ready to be painted. Elsewhere in the world, such as the UK, ever finer layers of plaster are added on top of the plasterboard (or sometimes the brick wall directly) to give a smooth brown polished texture ready for painting. Many of the greatest mural paintings in Europe, like Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling, are executed in fresco, meaning they are painted on a thin layer of wet plaster, called intonaco; the pigments sink into this layer so that the plaster itself"
"which it is made. Alizarin (PR83) is a pigment that was first synthesized in 1868 by the German chemists Carl Gräbe and Carl Liebermann and replaced the natural pigment madder lake. Alizarin crimson is a dye bonded onto alum which is then used as a pigment and mixed with ochre, sienna and umber. It is not totally colorfast. The word ""crimson"" has been recorded in English since 1400, and its earlier forms include ""cremesin"", ""crymysyn"" and ""cramoysin"" (cf. cramoisy, a crimson cloth). These were adapted via Old Spanish from the Medieval Latin ""cremesinus"" (also ""kermesinus"" or ""carmesinus""), the dye produced"
"Calamine Calamine, also known as calamine lotion, is a medication used to treat mild itchiness. This includes from sunburn, insect bites, poison oak, or other mild skin conditions. It may also help dry out skin irritation. It is applied on the skin as a cream or lotion. Side effects may include skin irritation. It is considered to be safe in pregnancy. Calamine is a combination of zinc oxide and 0.5% ferric oxide (FeO). The lotion is produced with additional ingredients such as phenol and calcium hydroxide. Calamine lotion has been used as far back as 1500 BC. It is on"
"dropping calcium oxide into water, is used by itself or with additives as a white paint, known as whitewashing. Calcium carbonate is added to a wide range of trade and do it yourself adhesives, sealants, and decorating fillers. Ceramic tile adhesives typically contain 70 to 80% limestone. Decorating crack fillers contain similar levels of marble or dolomite. It is also mixed with putty in setting stained glass windows, and as a resist to prevent glass from sticking to kiln shelves when firing glazes and paints at high temperature. In ceramics/glazing applications, calcium carbonate is known as ""whiting"", and is a"
"to cream, called ""underwhite"", exhibit irregularly shaped melanosomes, which are the organelles within melanocytes that directly produce pigment. The first descriptions of the dosage-dependent genetic control of the palomino coat color occurred early on in equine coat color inheritance research. However, the distinction between ""Dun"" and ""Cream"" remained poorly understood until Stefan Adalsteinsson wrote ""Inheritance of the palomino color in Icelandic horses"" in 1974. The mutation responsible, a single nucleotide polymorphism in Exon 2 resulting in an aspartic acid-to-asparagine substitution (N153D), was located and described in 2003 by a research team in France. ""Champagne"" is a gene that controls the"
"Carmine (color) Carmine is the general term for some deep red colours that are ""very slightly"" purplish but are generally ""slightly"" closer to red than the colour crimson is. Some rubies are coloured the colour shown below as ""rich carmine"". The deep dark red color shown at right as ""carmine"" is the colour of the raw unprocessed pigment, but lighter, richer, or brighter colours are produced when the raw pigment is processed, some of which are shown below. The first recorded use of ""carmine"" as a color name in English was in 1523. The color wild watermelon is displayed at"
"Hammer paint Hammer paint (or hammered paint) is a special lacquer with a surface that looks like hammered metal when dried. It is also known as hammertone. The slightly iridescent areas are caused by the different orientation of very small shiny particles which are suspended in the lacquer. These particles are often made of the mineral mica. Mica is chemically inactive and very resistant. Alternatively, aluminium or bronze powder may be used. To make the ""hammered"" effect more pronounced, a small percentage of silicone oil may be added directly before application. Hammer paint is often used to beautify technical apparatus"
"Calcein Calcein, also known as fluorexon, fluorescein complex, is a fluorescent dye with excitation and emission wavelengths of 495/515 nm, respectively, and has the appearance of orange crystals. Calcein self-quenches at concentrations above 70mM and is commonly used as an indicator of lipid vesicle leakage. It is also used traditionally as a complexometric indicator for titration of calcium ions with EDTA, and for fluorometric determination of calcium. The non-fluorescent acetomethoxy derivate of calcein (calcein AM, AM = acetoxymethyl) is used in biology as it can be transported through the cellular membrane into live cells, which makes it useful for testing"
"Melamine resin Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. In its butylated form, it is dissolved in ""n""-butanol and xylene. It is then used to cross-link with alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, and polyester resins, used in surface coatings. There are many types, varying from very slow to very fast curing. It was discovered by William F. Talbot, who applied to patent it on December 12, 1936. The principal use of melamine resin is as the main constituent of high-pressure laminates, such as Formica and Arborite, and"
"Fuchsine Fuchsine (sometimes spelled fuchsin) or rosaniline hydrochloride is a magenta dye with chemical formula CHN·HCl. There are other similar chemical formulations of products sold as fuchsine, and several dozen other synonyms of this molecule. It becomes magenta when dissolved in water; as a solid, it forms dark green crystals. As well as dying textiles, fuchsine is used to stain bacteria and sometimes as a disinfectant. In the literature of biological stains the name of this dye is frequently misspelled, with omission of the terminal -e, which indicates an amine. American and English dictionaries (Webster's, Oxford, Chambers, etc.) give the"
"James"" and ""Shakermaker"", and the Placebo song ""Plasticine"". William Harbutt, an art teacher in Bath, England, formulated Plasticine in 1897. Harbutt wanted a non-drying clay for his sculpture students. He created a non-toxic, sterile, soft and malleable clay that did not dry on exposure to air. Harbutt received a patent in 1899 and commercial production started at a factory in Bathampton in 1900. The original Plasticine was grey. Four colours were produced for initial sale to the public. Plasticine was popular with children, was widely used in schools for teaching art, and has found a wide variety of other uses"
"in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Stromeyer found the new element as an impurity in zinc carbonate (calamine), and, for 100 years, Germany remained the only important producer of the metal. The metal was named after the Latin word for calamine, because it was found in this zinc ore. Stromeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. He was persistent in studying these results and eventually isolated cadmium metal by roasting and reducing the sulfide. The potential for cadmium yellow as pigment was recognized in the 1840s, but the"
"design. Spanish carmine is the color that is called ""Carmin"" (the Spanish word for ""carmine"") in the ""Guía de coloraciones"" (""Guide to colorations"") by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm. Pictorial carmine is the color that is called ""Carmín pictórico"" (Spanish for ""pictorial carmine"") in the ""Guía de coloraciones"" (""Guide to colorations"") by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm. This is a typical tone of carmine pigment used in painting. The color"
"and in painting since antiquity. It is not very stable in oil paint, and its use ceased after new and better red pigments became available. Jacopo Tintoretto used carmine in several of his paintings, including ""Portrait of Vincenzo Morosini"" and ""Christ Washing the Feet of the Disciples"". Carmine is used as a food dye in many different products such as juices, ice cream, yogurt, and candy, and as a dye in cosmetic products such as eyeshadow and lipstick. Although principally a red dye, it is found in many foods that are shades of red, pink, and purple. As a food"
"first recorded use of ""carnation"" as a color name in English was in 1535. Baker-Miller Pink is a tone of pink that was originally created by mixing one gallon of pure white indoor latex paint with one pint of red trim semi-gloss outdoor paint. It is named for the two US Navy officers who first experimented with its use in 1979 at the Naval Correctional Facility in Seattle, Washington at the behest of researcher Alexander Schauss. The color is also known as Schauss pink, after Alexander Schauss' extensive research into the effects of the color on emotions and hormones, as"
"the zinc-impregnated gauze wrap used to treat ulcers of the leg in Unna boots. In a 1992 press release, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that no proof had been submitted showing calamine to be safe for use or effective in treating bug bites, stings, and rashes from poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. In a September 2, 2008 document, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommended applying topical over-the-counter skin protectants, such as calamine, to relieve the itch caused by poisonous plants such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Calamine Calamine, also known as calamine"
"Life Paint Life Paint is the trade name of a highly-reflective spray paint developed by Volvo to increase the visibility of cyclists during trips after dark. It was developed in collaboration with Swedish reflective spray manufacturer 'Albedo 100', who previously marketed a similar paint for use on the coats of pets and horses. The paint lasts for about one week after use, but is easily washed off without damaging the surface to which it was applied. Although initially developed for the use of cyclists, it could also protect pedestrians. It has been criticized by cycling advocates as victim blaming by"
"Ultramarine Ultramarine is a deep blue color pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. The name comes from the Latin ""ultramarinus"", literally ""beyond the sea"", because the pigment was imported into Europe from mines in Afghanistan by Italian traders during the 14th and 15th centuries. Ultramarine was the finest and most expensive blue used by Renaissance painters. It was often used for the robes of the Virgin Mary, and symbolized holiness and humility. It remained an extremely expensive pigment until a synthetic ultramarine was invented in 1826. The pigment consists primarily of a zeolite-based mineral"
"practice, it is used to stain synovial fluid to assess for basic calcium phosphate crystals. Alizarin has also been used in studies involving bone growth, osteoporosis, bone marrow, calcium deposits in the vascular system, cellular signaling, gene expression, tissue engineering, and mesenchymal stem cells. In geology, it is used as a stain to indicate the calcium carbonate minerals, calcite and aragonite. Madder lake had been in use as a red pigment in paintings since antiquity. Alizarin Alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (also known as Mordant Red 11 and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history"
"as it is an excellent substrate of the multidrug resistance transporter 1 (MDR1) P-glycoprotein and the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (MRP1). The calcein AM assay can be used as a model for drug-drug interactions, for screening transporter substrates and/or inhibitors; and also to determine in vitro drug resistance of cells, including samples from patients. Calcein is also used for marking freshly hatched fish and for labeling of bones in live animals. Calcein Calcein, also known as fluorexon, fluorescein complex, is a fluorescent dye with excitation and emission wavelengths of 495/515 nm, respectively, and has the appearance of orange crystals. Calcein self-quenches"