"Hogan, Sean (chief consultant), ""Flora"" (subtitle) ""A Gardener’s Encyclopedia"", (Portland, Oregon USA) Timber Press, 2003. . Fragaria Fragaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. There are more than 20 described species and many hybrids and cultivars. The most common strawberries grown commercially are cultivars of the garden strawberry, a hybrid known as ""Fragaria"" × ""ananassa"". Strawberries have a taste that varies by cultivar, and ranges from quite sweet to rather tart. Strawberries are an important commercial fruit crop, widely grown in all temperate regions of the world."
"Amédée-François Frézier Amédée-François Frézier (1682 – October 26, 1773) was a French military engineer, mathematician, spy, and explorer who is best remembered for bringing back five specimens of ""Fragaria chiloensis"", the beach strawberry, from an assignment in South America, thus introducing this New World fruit to the Old. As described by G.M. Darrow, Frézier's ancient surname was derived from ""fraise"", the French word for strawberry. A story relates the surname is derived from the fact that Julius de Berry, a citizen of Anvers (i.e. Antwerp), was knighted by Charles the Simple in 916 for a timely gift of ripe strawberries."
"of Brittany. In 1764, he retired from service, but still maintained an interest in various subjects, including desalinization, architecture, navigation, and landing methods for the ""Isles Lucayes"" (the Bahamas). It is said he made himself read at least six hours a day, especially books on travel and history. He died in Brest. Amédée-François Frézier Amédée-François Frézier (1682 – October 26, 1773) was a French military engineer, mathematician, spy, and explorer who is best remembered for bringing back five specimens of ""Fragaria chiloensis"", the beach strawberry, from an assignment in South America, thus introducing this New World fruit to the Old."
"Bizzaria The Bizzaria of Florence (""Citrus medica"" + ""C. aurantium""), which is probably the first graft chimera obtained, is a graft between the Florentine citron and sour orange. It produces branches of regular Florentine citron including such leaves, and from the other side branches of sour orange. The most interesting part of it is the middle shoot, which mixes characteristics of both. The fruit contains characteristics of both citron and orange. This is not like a regular somatic hybrid which is due to plant sexuality; its offspring is intermediate showing influences of both parents. But the Florentine Bizzaria, named after"
"Bergamot orange Citrus bergamia, the bergamot orange (pronounced ), is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange. Extracts have been used to scent food, perfumes, and cosmetics. Use on the skin can increase photosensitivity, resulting in greater damage from sun exposure. The word bergamot is etymologically derived from the Italian word """"bergamotto"""", ultimately of Turkish origin: ""bey armudu"" or ""bey armut"" (""prince's"
"Harrisia fragrans Harrisia fragrans (syn. ""Cereus eriophorus"" var. ""fragrans"") is a rare species of cactus known by the common names fragrant prickly apple and Caribbean applecactus. It is endemic to Florida, where it is known mainly from St. Lucie County. The plant's habitat has been almost completely consumed by development, leading to its rarity. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This is an erect or spreading cactus with narrow, long stems which can well exceed one meter in length, at times approaching five meters. It is covered in long, yellow or yellow-tipped spines which may"
"Florentine citron The Florentine citron – citron hybrid of Florence () – is a very fragrant citrus fruit, which is named after its most known origin of cultivation. Its scientific name is ""Citrus ×limonimedica"" 'Florentina' Lush. The source of this variety or hybrid is from the Italian Renaissance gardens. Today it is considered to be a lemon × citron hybrid. It's well known to be one parent of the Bizzaria chimaera. It was first carefully described by Johann Christoph Volkamer in his "" Nürnbergische Hesperides"", who gave a detailed account for original citrus types, mutations and hybrids, along with professional"
"Phytophthora fragariae Phytophthora fragariae is a fungus-like (oomycete) plant pathogen that causes red stele, otherwise known as Lanarkshire disease, in strawberries and raspberries. Symptoms of red stele can include a red core in the roots, wilting of leaves, reduced flowering, stunting, and bitter fruit. The pathogen is spread via zoospores swimming through water present in the soil, released from sporangia. Scientist thought at first that there are 2 varieties of ""Phytophthora fragariae"": ""P. fragariae"" var. ""fragariae"", which refers to the pathogen that attacks strawberries, and ""P. fragariae"" var. ""rubi"", which refers to the variety that is the raspberry pathogen. Recently,"
"as well) are identical. ""Fragaria virginiana"" is also called wild strawberry. It can grow up to 4 inches tall. Its leaf characteristic typically consists of several trifoliate leaves (or has three leaves, as clover) and their leaves are green. Each leaflet is about 3 inches long and 1.5 inches wide. The leaflet is oval shaped and has coarse teeth along the edge except near the bottom. This plant has a five-petaled white flower with numerous yellow-anthered centers. There are ten small green sepals under petals. The seeds of this plant are developed from a pistil in the centre of flower"
"including clammy cherries, glue berries, sebesten, or snotty gobbles. In India, the fruits of local species are used as a vegetable, raw, cooked, or pickled, and are known by many names, including ""lasora"" in Hindi. One such species is fragrant manjack (""C. dichotoma""), which is called ""gunda"" or ""tenti dela"" in Hindi and ""lasura"" in Nepali. The fruit of the Fragrant Manjack is called ""phoà-pò·-chí"" (破布子), 樹子仔, or 樹子(Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiū-chí) in Taiwan where they are eaten pickled. The white, gooey inner pulp of the fruits is traditionally used to make glue. The wood of several ""Cordia"" species is commercially harvested."
"pear"" or ""prince of pears""). ""Citrus bergamia"" is a small tree that blossoms during the winter. The juice tastes less sour than lemon, but more bitter than grapefruit. The active ingredients in bergamot juice are neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin, ponceritin, melitidin, and mitrocin and 0.69% miriflin with 0% moisture brutieridin. Melitidin and brutieridin, only recently discovered, exist only in citrus bergamot and exhibit statin-like properties. Synephrine is not present in citrus bergamot. The bergamot orange is unrelated to the herbs known as bergamot or wild bergamot, ""Monarda didyma"" and ""Monarda fistulosa"", which are in the mint family, and are named for"
"together, from late spring to mid summer. The fruit is a globose to oblong red hip 1–2 cm diameter. The name ""eglantine"" is from Middle English ""eglentyn"", from Old French ""aiglantin"" (adj.), from ""aiglent"" 'sweetbrier', from Vulgar Latin *""aculentus"" (with the ending of ""spinulentus"" 'thorny, prickly'), from Latin ""aculeus"" 'prickle', from ""acus"" 'needle'. ""Sweet"" refers to the sweet, apple fragrance of the leaves, while ""briar"" ~ ""brier"" refers to it being a thorny bush. In addition to its pink flowers, it is valued for its scent, and the hips that form after the flowers and persist well into the winter."
"Waldsteinia fragarioides Waldsteinia fragarioides (syn. ""Dalibarda fragarioides"" Michx. and ""Geum fragarioides, "" also called Appalachian barren strawberry, or just barren strawberry, is a low, spreading plant with showy yellow flowers that appear in early spring. This plant is often used as an underplanting in perennial gardens. In some ways the appearance is similar to other low plants of the rose family such as ""Fragaria"" (strawberries) or ""Potentilla indica"" (Indian strawberry), but it lacks runners and has more rounded leaves. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and Maine south to Indiana and Pennsylvania (and as far"
"Pitaya A pitaya () or pitahaya () is the fruit of several different cactus species indigenous to the Americas. Pitaya usually refers to fruit of the genus ""Stenocereus"", while pitahaya or dragon fruit refers to fruit of the genus ""Hylocereus"", both in the Cactaceae family. The dragon fruit is cultivated in Southeast Asia, Florida, the Caribbean, Australia, and throughout tropical and subtropical world regions. These fruits are commonly known in English as ""dragon fruit"", reflecting its vernacular Asian names. The names ""pitahaya"" and ""pitaya"" derive from Mexico, and ""pitaya roja"" in Central America and northern South America, possibly relating to"
"Fritillaria liliacea Fritillaria liliacea, commonly known as fragrant fritillary, is a threatened perennial herb in the lily family. It is native to the region surrounding San Francisco Bay in California. The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 centimeters in height. The blossoms are odorless to faintly fragrant. ""Fritillia liliacea"" prefers heavy soils including clays; for example, andesitic and basaltic soils derived from the Sonoma Volcanic soil layers are suitable substrate for this species. The range of this wildflower is over parts of southwestern Northern California, United States, especially Solano and"
"their similar aroma. ""Citrus bergamia"" has also been classified as ""Citrus aurantium"" subsp. ""bergamia"" (i.e. a subspecies of bitter orange). ""Citrus bergamia"" is sometimes confused with (but is not the same as): Production is mostly limited to the Ionian Sea coastal areas of the province of Reggio di Calabria in Italy, to such an extent that it is a symbol of the entire city. Most of the bergamot comes from a short stretch of land there, where the temperature is favourable. The fruit is also produced in Argentina, Brazil, Algeria, the Ivory Coast, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, and South-East Asia where"
"distributed in Europe and the United States between November and April, and is on occasion available from July to September. Ugli fruit The ugli or ugli fruit is a Jamaican form of tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is ""Citrus reticulata"" × ""Citrus paradisi"". Ugli was discovered growing wild (possibly having developed in the same way grapefruit was created) in Jamaica, where it is mainly grown today. The name is a variation of the word ""ugly"", which refers to the fruit's unsightly appearance, with rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow rind,"
"grown and where conditions are ideal. The countries it affects most are the U.S., China, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, and the UK. Phytophthora fragariae Phytophthora fragariae is a fungus-like (oomycete) plant pathogen that causes red stele, otherwise known as Lanarkshire disease, in strawberries and raspberries. Symptoms of red stele can include a red core in the roots, wilting of leaves, reduced flowering, stunting, and bitter fruit. The pathogen is spread via zoospores swimming through water present in the soil, released from sporangia. Scientist thought at first that there are 2 varieties of ""Phytophthora fragariae"": ""P."
"Grapefruit The grapefruit (""Citrus"" × ""paradisi"") is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (""C. sinensis"") and pomelo, or shaddock (""C. maxima""), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the ""forbidden fruit""; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to"
"Blighia Blighia is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, native to tropical Africa from Guinea east to Kenya. The fruit is partly edible, with the Ackee (""B. sapida"") being grown commercially for fruit production. The genus is named for Captain William Bligh (formerly of ), who brought samples back to England. The species are evergreen trees growing to tall, with pinnate leaves. The flowers are produced in small panicles. The fruit is an oval capsule long containing three seeds, each surrounded by an edible fleshy yellow aril, and a thick, leathery orange or"
"of the USDA - Agricultural Research Service (ARS) - National Plant Germplasm System NGRL. Momordica charantia Momordica charantia (colloquial: bitter melon; bitter apple; bitter gourd; bitter squash; balsam-pear) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit. Bitter melon originated in India and was introduced into China in the 14th century. It is widely used in East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian cuisine. Bitter melon also has names in other languages which have"
"Pelargonium × fragrans Pelargonium × fragrans (or 'Fragrans') is a pelargonium hybrid between ""Pelargonium odoratissimum"" and ""Pelargonium exstipulatum"". It is in the subgenus ""Reniforme"" along with ""Pelargonium sidoides"" and ""Pelargonium abrotanifolium"". ""Pelargonium"" comes from the Greek; Pelargos which means stork. Another name for pelargoniums is storksbills due the shape of their fruit. Fragrans refers to the fragrant leaves. ""Pelargonium × fragrans"", like its parent ""Pelargonium odoratissimum"", is a small, spreading species which only grows up to 30 cm high and 60 cm wide. It has small white flowers and its leaves are waxy, green and ovate with slightly fringed edges."
"These 'apples' are peeled and eaten when they are soft, and are described as being fragrant, juicy, and tasty. The formation of galls was originally thought to be limited to ""Salvia pomifera"", which led to the misidentification of many gall-bearing ""Salvia fruticosa"" plants. In 2001 it was discovered that the galls on ""Salvia fruticosa"" were caused by a previously undiscovered genus of Cynipid gall wasp. Salvia fruticosa Salvia fruticosa, Greek oregano or Greek sage, is a perennial herb or sub-shrub native to the eastern Mediterranean, including southern Italy, the Canary Islands and North Africa. It is especially abundant in Israel."
"to change color. The flowers are produced in early spring, before the new leaves, in compact panicles; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The fruit is a samara comprising a single seed 1–2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2.5–4 cm long and 5–7 mm broad. It is closely related to ""Fraxinus nigra"" (Black Ash) from eastern North America, and has been treated as a subspecies or variety of it by some authors, as ""F. nigra"" subsp. ""mandschurica"" (Rupr.) S.S.Sun, or ""F. nigra"" var. ""mandschurica"" (Rupr.) Lingelsheim. The spelling of the species name is disputed; some"
"as ""Burkholderia"", which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species. The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory. Some species are consumed locally and fruits may be used as famine food. Examples are African medlar (""Vangueria infausta"") and Spanish tamarind (""Vangueria madagascariensis""), but the fruits of other ""Vangueria"" and ""Fadogia"" species are edible too. In West Africa, ""Vangueria agrestis"" (known under its old name ""Fadogia agrestis"") is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac. It is known as ""bakin gagai"" (Hausa) or black aphrodisiac. The first genus of the tribe"
"Rangpur (fruit) Rangpur, Citrus"" × ""limonia or Citrus reticulata"" x ""medica, sometimes called the rangpur lime, mandarin lime or lemandarin, is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the citron. It is a citrus fruit with a very acidic taste and an orange peel and flesh. Common names for this fruit include rangpur, named after Rangpur, Bangladesh, an area known for this and other citrus fruits. This is where the word originated in the Bengali language. The rangpur is also known in India as ""Sylhet lime"", ""surkh nimboo"", ""sharbati"", and ""gandhraj"" (meaning 'king of fragrance'). It is known as a"
"then later ""Capiton"". In the early 17th century an illustration appeared in the Hortus Eystettensis as ""fraga fructu magno"". It was mentioned by Quintinye, gardener to Louis XIV, as ""Capron"" in 1672. At the beginning of the 19th century musk strawberries were the most common garden strawberry in Germany. Cultivation of musk strawberries is not very different from that of garden strawberry (""Fragaria"" × ""ananassa"") or alpine strawberry (""Fragaria vesca""); the plants thrive in nutrient-rich soils. However, neither female plants nor hermaphrodite plants are self-fertile; they require pollen transfer from a male or a different hermaphrodite clone (or cultivar) of"
"Tangerine The tangerine (""Citrus tangerina"") is a group of orange-colored citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange (""Citrus reticulata""). The name was first used for fruit coming from Tangier, Morocco, described as a mandarin variety. Under the Tanaka classification system, ""Citrus tangerina"" is considered a separate species. Under the Swingle system, tangerines are considered to be a group of mandarin (""C. reticulata"") varieties. Genetic study has shown tangerines to be mandarin orange hybrids containing some pomelo DNA. Some differ only in disease resistance. The term is currently applied to any reddish-orange mandarin (and, in some jurisdictions, mandarin-like hybrids, including"
"variety would be named. The trees grow upright, but often have branches bent or broken by heavy fruiting at the ends. It is widely grown in Florida, where it matures in January to March. Citrus scab and alternaria fungus disease attack Murcotts. The Murcott is one parent of the Clementine-like hybrid variously called the Afourer, Nadorcott or W. Murcott cultivar, the other parent being unknown. Murcott (fruit) The Murcott (marketed as: Honey Tangerine) is a tangor, or mandarin–sweet orange hybrid. The Murcott arose out of citrus pioneer Walter Tennyson Swingle's attempts to produce novel citrus hybrids. Its seed parent has"
"Tatler"" in 1710 with similar uses from the 1800s. The adjective was applied to the fruit, once known scientifically as """"Citrus nobilis"" var. ""tangeriana"""" which grew in the region of Tangiers. This usage appears in the 1800s In India it is called ""Narangi"" in Hindi (Hindi:नारंगी), ""Narangi"" means ""Orange color"" and hence it refers to the bright orange color of the fruit. Tangerine The tangerine (""Citrus tangerina"") is a group of orange-colored citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange (""Citrus reticulata""). The name was first used for fruit coming from Tangier, Morocco, described as a mandarin variety. Under the"
"The fruit has been used as a laxative. The following list excludes names regarded as synonyms, but includes species whose status still is unresolved. Carpobrotus Carpobrotus, commonly known as pigface, ice plant, sour fig, and Hottentot fig, is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers. The name refers to the edible fruits. It comes from the Ancient Greek ' ""fruit"" and ' ""edible"". The genus includes some 12 to 20 accepted species. Most are endemic to South Africa, but there are at least four Australian species and one South American. ""Carpobrotus"" chiefly inhabits sandy coastal"
"The fruit is a small red berry 6–10 mm diameter, which is poisonous to humans. Plants native to the western coasts of Europe (from northern Spain north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany) are treated as ""Asparagus officinalis"" subsp. ""prostratus"" , distinguished by its low-growing, often prostrate stems growing to only high, and shorter cladodes long. It is treated as a distinct species, ""Asparagus prostratus"" , by some authors. Asparagus has been used as a vegetable and medicine, owing to its distinct flavour, diuretic properties, and more. It is pictured as an offering on an Egyptian frieze dating to"
"was thought to be the male, wild counterpart of the cultivated fig, which was female. In some Roman sources, the wild fig is ""caprificus"", literally ""goat fig"". The fruit of the fig tree is pendulous, and the tree exudes a milky sap if cut. ""Rumina"" and ""Ruminalis"" (""of Rumina"") were connected by some Romans to ""rumis"" or ""ruma"", ""teat, breast,"" but some modern linguists think it is more likely related to the names ""Roma"" and ""Romulus,"" which may be based on ""rumon"", perhaps a word for ""river"" or an archaic name for the Tiber. The tree is associated with the"