"least three different positions: prognathous, opisthognathous, and hypognathous. In species with prognathous articulation, the head is positioned vertically aligned with the body, such as species of Formicidae; while in a hypognathous type, the head is aligned horizontally adjacent to the body. An opisthognathous head is positioned diagonally, such as species of Blattodea and some Coleoptera. The mouthparts vary greatly between insects of different orders, but the two main functional groups are mandibulate and haustellate. Haustellate mouthparts are used for sucking liquids and can be further classified by the presence of stylets, which include piercing-sucking, sponging, and siphoning. The stylets are"
"Formicivora Formicivora is a genus of insectivorous birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. These relatively small, long-tailed antbirds are strongly sexually dichromatic. They are found in semi-open habitats in woodland and shrub in South America. They have several rows of white spots on the wings. Males are usually darker below than they are above, and sometimes have a fringe of white on the side. The genus ""Formicivora"" was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1824. The type species is the southern white-fringed antwren. The name of the genus ""Formicivora"" combines the Latin words ""formica"" for ""ant"" and ""-vorus"""
"Himacerus mirmicoides Himacerus mirmicoides, common name ant damsel bug, is a species of ""damsel bugs"" belonging to the family Nabidae, subfamily Nabinae. The name “mirmicoides” comes from the similarity of nymphs in the early instars to ants. These bugs can be found in most of Europe. These bugs can be found on the ground, in low herbage and in dry open areas. ""Himacerus mirmicoides"" can reach a length of . These bugs have a brown body with a black connexivum showing orange-red spots. They are partly-winged, with quite reddish wings. This species is rather similar to ""Himacerus apterus"", but it"
"to whether or not these ants are genetically different from the meat ant. Under the present classification, the meat ant is a member of the genus ""Iridomyrmex"" in the tribe Leptomyrmecini, subfamily Dolichoderinae. It is a member of the family Formicidae, belonging to the order Hymenoptera, an order of insects containing ants, bees, and wasps. The genus ""Froggattella"" is the sister group of ""Iridomyrmex"", both of which are in a clade that is 23 million years old. Fossils related to the meat ant and other species are from the Eocene and Oligocene. In the early 1970s, scientists discovered several different"
"long by wide. The rectangular head capsule has sides that are almost parallel to each other and ending at rounded back corners. Unlike the other species of ""Gesomyrmex"", the back edge is concave in profile and the sides of the head are faintly concave. The mandibles have four total teeth on the chewing margins. Gesomyrmex incertus Gesomyrmex incertus is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from a fossil found in eastern Asia. ""G. incertus"" is known from a single ant found in Russia. The specimen was described from a compression fossil preserved in diatomite deposits"
"Cosmopepla conspicillaris Cosmopepla conspicillaris is a species of insect in the Pentatomidae family. Due to its common preference for plants in the Stachys genus, it is often called the hedgenettle stink bug. It is also known as the conspicuous stink bug, two-spotted stink bug or happy bespectacled stink bug depending on locality. The name two-spotted stink bug is better applied to another species, ""Perillus bioculatus"" (Fabricius, 1775). C. conspicillaris is a showy stink bug with a black base colour and orange outer markings. This species differs from other genus members by the white chevron-shaped tip of the scutellum, and the"
"orange ""spectacles"" on the dorsal thorax. While other species may show similar markings, they differ in number of spectacle spots, colouration and host plant. Cosmopepla conspicillaris Cosmopepla conspicillaris is a species of insect in the Pentatomidae family. Due to its common preference for plants in the Stachys genus, it is often called the hedgenettle stink bug. It is also known as the conspicuous stink bug, two-spotted stink bug or happy bespectacled stink bug depending on locality. The name two-spotted stink bug is better applied to another species, ""Perillus bioculatus"" (Fabricius, 1775). C. conspicillaris is a showy stink bug with a"
"Hippelates Hippelates is a genus of flies in the family Chloropidae and are often referred to as eye gnats or eye flies (the name is also used for members of the Old World genus ""Siphunculina""). They are very small ( long) flies that frequently congregate around the eyes to lap at the fluids. They are primarily a nuisance pest, and do not bite. They have been linked with the spread of bovine mastitis in North America, and in certain tropical regions, they are capable of vectoring disease-causing bacteria (e.g., yaws). ""Hippelates pusio"" is considered to be the vector for anaplasmosis,"
"as many as 130 species may exist. Under the present classification, ""Myrmecia"" is the only extant genus in the tribe Myrmeciini, subfamily Myrmeciinae. It is a member of the family Formicidae, belonging to the order Hymenoptera. The type species for the genus is ""M. gulosa"", discovered by Joseph Banks in 1770 during his expedition with James Cook on HMS ""Endeavour"". ""M. gulosa"" is among the earliest Australian insects to be described, and the specimen Banks collected is housed in the Joseph Banks Collection in the Natural History Museum in London. ""M. gulosa"" was described by Fabricius in 1775 under the"
"could not be confidently placed into any ant tribe. Even after its placement within Myrmeciinae it was still classified as ""incertae sedis"". However, Cesare Baroni Urbani of the University of Basel, Switzerland classified the genus as ""incertae sedis"" within the family Formicidae. Baroni Urbani justifies his decision by stating the characters of the ant are similar to those of ""Cariridris"", an insect from the Lower Cretaceous that was once placed in Myrmeciinae, but is now ""incertae sedis"" within the subclade Aculeata. ""Archimyrmex"" also shares a similar structure to other ants and insects within the order Hymenoptera. The key diagnostic traits"
"Myrmecoris gracilis Myrmecoris gracilis is a species of flightless Hemipteran bug from the family Miridae. The genus "" Mymecoris "" is monotypic with one Palaearctic species. It differs in its outward appearance and way of life from other ""grass bugs"" in the Stenodemini, being predatory and an effective ant mimic. The bugs are four to six millimeters long. The adult insects resemble ants of the genus ""Formica"", the larvae dark ""Lasius"" ant species. They are often found together with ants, to which they have a convincing but superficial resemblance. The long rostrum is held inconspicuously beneath the head. The bugs"
"Haemoproteus Haemoproteus is a genus of alveolates that are parasitic in birds, reptiles and amphibians. Its name is derived from Greek: ""Haima"", ""blood"", and ""Proteus"", a sea god who had the power of assuming different shapes. The name ""Haemoproteus"" was first used in the description of ""Haemoproteus columbae"" in the blood of the pigeon ""Columba livia"" by Kruse in 1890. This was also the first description of this genus. Two other genera — ""Halteridium"" and ""Simondia"" — are now considered to be synonyms of ""Haemoproteus"". The protozoa are intracellular parasites that infect the erythrocytes. They are transmitted by blood sucking"
"is confined to the far south of England in an area bounded by Exeter, Bristol, Oxford, Luton and Eastbourne. In the Avon Gorge it forms 11.1% of the insect visitors to ""Trinia glauca"". Myrmecoris gracilis Myrmecoris gracilis is a species of flightless Hemipteran bug from the family Miridae. The genus "" Mymecoris "" is monotypic with one Palaearctic species. It differs in its outward appearance and way of life from other ""grass bugs"" in the Stenodemini, being predatory and an effective ant mimic. The bugs are four to six millimeters long. The adult insects resemble ants of the genus ""Formica"","
"beyond it more prominent and curved. They larvae feed on ""Desmodium intortum"" (Fabaceae). Hypena conscitalis Hypena conscitalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found throughout Africa, from Senegal to South Africa, in South and South-East Asia as well as in Australia and on some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands (Sri Lanka). Its wingspan is about 20–25 mm. Forewings much broader. The outer margin less oblique. Raised tufts are slight. Forewings have a grey fascia on costal area. There is a black speck found at end of cell. The oblique line"
"Hemimeridae Hemimeridae is a family of earwigs, the only family in the suborder Hemimerina, one of the four suborders in the order Dermaptera. The other three suborders are Archidermaptera, which is extinct, Arixeniina, and Forficulina, the largest of the four. Hemimeridae is represented by two genera, ""Hemimerus"" and ""Araeomerus"". They are wingless, blind and viviparous ectoparasites of African rodents, and have filiform segmented cerci. The best known species is ""Hemimerus bouvieri"". Hemimeridae contains eleven described species placed within two genera: Hemimerus and Araeomerus (Nakata and Maa, 1974). Hemimerids are relatively small (5–15 mm) and inhabit the fur of giant murid"
"Gesomyrmex magnus Gesomyrmex magnus is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from a fossil found in eastern Asia. ""G. magnus"" is known from a single ant found in Russia. The specimen was described from a compression fossil preserved in diatomite deposits of the Bol’shaya Svetlovodnaya site. Located in the Pozharsky District, on the Pacific Coast of Russia, the fossil-bearing rocks preserve possibly Priabonian plants and animals which lived in a small lake near a volcano. The site has been attributed to either the Maksimovka or Salibez Formations and compared to the Bembridge Marls and Florissant"
"and thought to be similar to aquatic bugs in the Hydrometridae and the hairy legs were considered as adaptations for swimming. It is now placed within the subfamily Orsillinae but nothing is really known about the insect. It is suggested that the forewings of the type specimen may have been damaged but no new specimens of this have been found since the time of its description. Hemidiptera Hemidiptera is a monotypic genus of bug with a single species ""H. haeckeli"". It has wings that look somewhat like that of a fly (order Diptera) from which the genus name is derived."
"somewhat before it. There is a black dash towards the costa at four-fifths, and an elongate dot beneath the apex. The hindwings are light grey, paler anteriorly. Hypatima formidolosa Hypatima formidolosa is a moth in the Gelechiidae family. It was described by Meyrick in 1916. It is found in South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Gauteng). The wingspan is 17–18 mm. The forewings are white sprinkled with grey, with scattered indistinct grey spots or mottling and with two more distinct small dark grey spots on the costa before the middle, several on the posterior half, a dot on the dorsum at four-fifths,"
"its true placement within Formicidae indeterminable. However, the antennae of ""Y. rebekkae"" has an elongated scape which means the fossil is definitely an ant, as this feature is a key diagnostic trait for Formicidae. Due to this, Baroni Urbani believed that ""Ypresiomyrma"" could only be confidently classified as ""incertae sedis"" within the family Formicidae. A subsequent report by Russian palaeoentomologist Gennady M. Dlussky describing new myrmecines accepted the classification of Archibald and colleagues without mentioning the comments of Baroni Urbani. The following cladogram generated by Archibald and colleagues show the possible phylogenetic position of ""Ypresiomyrma"" among some ants of the"
"Hemidiptera Hemidiptera is a monotypic genus of bug with a single species ""H. haeckeli"". It has wings that look somewhat like that of a fly (order Diptera) from which the genus name is derived. The original specimen was collected in Sri Lanka by Ernst Haeckel who brought it along with pond skaters and it was at first glance thought to be a fly because of its wings but the bug like rostrum or beak was also readily observable. Leon who described it thought it was a new order that was intermediate between the flies and the bugs. It was misclassified"
"Gesomyrmex incertus Gesomyrmex incertus is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from a fossil found in eastern Asia. ""G. incertus"" is known from a single ant found in Russia. The specimen was described from a compression fossil preserved in diatomite deposits of the Bol’shaya Svetlovodnaya site. The site is exposed on the bank of Barachek Creek upstream from the creeks confluence with the Bol’shaya Svetlovodnaya River in the Pozharsky District, on the Pacific Coast of Russia. The fossil-bearing rocks preserve possibly Priabonian plants and animals which lived in and around a small lake near a"
"Sphecomyrminae Sphecomyrminae is an extinct subfamily of ants in family Formicidae known from a series of Cretaceous fossils found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Sphecomyrminae contains ten genera, divided into two tribes, Haidomyrmecini and Sphecomyrmini. The tribe Haidomyrmecini contains the four genera ""Ceratomyrmex"", ""Haidomyrmex"", ""Haidomyrmodes"", ""Haidoterminus"" and ""Linguamyrmex"", while Sphecomyrmini contains ""Baikuris"", ""Cretomyrma"", ""Dlusskyidris"", ""Sphecomyrma"", and ""Zigrasimecia"". The genus ""Sphecomyrmodes"" was formerly placed into Sphecomyrmini; however, in 2016, it was made a synonym of the stem group genus ""Gerontoformica"", which is considered ""incertae sedis"" in Formicidae. Sphecomyrminae is the most basal of the Formicidae subfamilies, but has not been"
"Formiscurra Formiscurra is a genus of planthopper in the family Caliscelidae with a single species Formiscurra indicus found in southern India. Like others of its family they have short wings, suck plant sap and escape by leaping. The species shows great sexual dimorphism. The male of this half centimeter-long insect has an enlarged lobe in front of its head, the frons or metope, giving it an ant-like appearance. Females do not have such an enlarged structure but have a slightly long snout and differ slightly in body shape. The species is found mainly on low vegetation in open scrub and"
"postgena, are: the hypostomal bridge, the postgenal bridge, and the gula. The hypostomal bridge is usually found in insects with hypognathous orientation. The postgenal bridge is found in the adults of species of higher Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera, while the gula is found on some Coleoptera, Neuroptera, and Isoptera, which typically display prognathous-oriented mouthparts. Most insects have one pair of large, prominent compound eyes composed of units called ommatidia (ommatidium, singular), possibly up to 30,000 in a single compound eye of, for example, large dragonflies. This type of eye gives less resolution than eyes found in vertebrates, but it gives"
"viviparous ectoparasites, preferring the fur of African rodents in either ""Cricetomys"" or ""Beamys"" genera. Hemimerina also has two genera, ""Hemimerus"" and ""Araeomerus"", with a total of 11 species. Dermaptera is relatively small compared to the other orders of Insecta, with only about 2,000 species, 3 suborders and 15 families, including the extinct suborders Archidermaptera and Eodermaptera with their extinct families Protodiplatyidae, Dermapteridae, Semenoviolidae, and Turanodermatidae. The phylogeny of the Dermaptera is still debated. The extant Dermaptera appear to be monophyletic and there is support for the monophyly of the families Forficulidae, Chelisochidae, Labiduridae and Anisolabididae, however evidence has supported the"
"Mycena haematopus Mycena haematopus, commonly known as the bleeding fairy helmet, the burgundydrop bonnet, or the bleeding Mycena, is a species of fungus in the Mycenaceae family, of the order Agaricales. It is widespread and common in Europe and North America, and has also been collected in Japan and Venezuela. It is saprotrophic—meaning that it obtains nutrients by consuming decomposing organic matter—and the fruit bodies appear in small groups or clusters on the decaying logs, trunks, and stumps of deciduous trees, particularly beech. The fungus, first described scientifically in 1799, is classified in the section ""Lactipedes"" of the genus ""Mycena"","
"Mycena haematopus Mycena haematopus, commonly known as the bleeding fairy helmet, the burgundydrop bonnet, or the bleeding Mycena, is a species of fungus in the Mycenaceae family, of the order Agaricales. It is widespread and common in Europe and North America, and has also been collected in Japan and Venezuela. It is saprotrophic—meaning that it obtains nutrients by consuming decomposing organic matter—and the fruit bodies appear in small groups or clusters on the decaying logs, trunks, and stumps of deciduous trees, particularly beech. The fungus, first described scientifically in 1799, is classified in the section ""Lactipedes"" of the genus ""Mycena"","
"Hemiptera The Hemiptera or true bugs are an order of insects comprising some 50,000 to 80,000 species of groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. The name ""true bugs"" is sometimes limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Many insects commonly known as ""bugs"" belong to other orders; for example, the lovebug is a fly, while the May bug and ladybug are beetles. Most hemipterans feed on plants, using their sucking and piercing mouthparts to extract plant sap. Some are parasitic while"
"Formicariidae Formicariidae is a family of smallish passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America known as formicariids. They are between in length, and are related to the antbirds, Thamnophilidae, and gnateaters, Conopophagidae. This family contains probably (see below) some 12 species in two fairly small genera. These are forest birds that tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. Most are drab in appearance with shades of (rusty) brown, black, and white being their dominant tones. Compared to other birds that specialize in following ants, this family is the most tied to the ground. The"
"Hypena conscitalis Hypena conscitalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found throughout Africa, from Senegal to South Africa, in South and South-East Asia as well as in Australia and on some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands (Sri Lanka). Its wingspan is about 20–25 mm. Forewings much broader. The outer margin less oblique. Raised tufts are slight. Forewings have a grey fascia on costal area. There is a black speck found at end of cell. The oblique line further from the base, which is slightly curved and with a grey line"
"trees, and leaving no pheromone trail to food sources. Due to the poor preservation of these ants, their phylogenetic position among Myrmeciinae is unclear, and no type species has been designated. These ants are classified as ""incertae sedis"" in Myrmeciinae, but some writers have classified it as ""incertae sedis"" within the insect order Hymenoptera. This reclassification, however, has not been accepted; instead, ""Myrmeciites"" remains in Myrmeciinae. Fossils of ""Myrmeciites"" were first studied and described by Bruce Archibald, Stefan Cover and Corrie Moreau of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. They published their 2006 description of the form genus"
"Hymenoptera Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. The ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a worm-like larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (""pteron"") for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (""hymen"") for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings."
"Formiciinae Formiciinae is an extinct subfamily of ants known from Eocene deposits in Europe and North America. The type genus is ""Formicium"" with the genus ""Titanomyrma"" being described in 2011. ""Formicium"" includes the described species which are known from fossil wings only. ""Formicium"" is known from three species. ""Formicium mirabile"", named by Theodore D. A. Cockerell in 1920, and ""Formicium brodiei"", named by John O. Westwood in 1854, are both known from fore wings found in the middle Eocene of Bournemouth, Dorset, England. The third species named, ""Formicium berryi"" was named by Frank M. Carpenter in 1929 from the middle"