"on me"" displaced front and center. It was subtitled ""High Heaven to Gracious Ends directs the Storm!"" Purdie's "" Virginia Gazette "" was the first American newspaper to publish the complete full text of the United States Declaration of Independence, which was printed on July 26, 1776. The text begins in the middle of the first column with the Declaration of Independence introduction: ""When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal"
"new species was required. In 1844 the Scottish publisher Robert Chambers anonymously published an influential and extremely controversial book of popular science entitled ""Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"". This book proposed an evolutionary scenario for the origins of the solar system and life on earth. It claimed that the fossil record showed an ascent of animals with current animals being branches off a main line that leads progressively to humanity. It implied that the transmutations led to the unfolding of a preordained orthogenetic plan woven into the laws that governed the universe. In this sense it was less"
"being affected by physical laws, biological laws, psychological laws, volitional laws, and universal laws. In his lectures circa 1838–1839 Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet described ""thought"" as ""a series of acts indissolubly connected""; this comes about because of what he asserted was a fourth ""law of thought"" known as the ""law of reason and consequent"": In this context the words ""necessarily infer"" are synonymous with ""imply"". In further discussion Hamilton identified ""the law"" with modus ponens; thus the act of ""necessarily infer"" detaches the consequent for purposes of becoming the (next) antecedent in a ""chain"" of connected inferences. William James"
"printed lecture by lecture as pamphlets, later bound up as a little green book; the first copies went on sale in December. Other lectures grew into Huxley's most famous work ""Evidence as to Man's place in Nature"" (1863) where he addressed the key issues long before Charles Darwin published his ""Descent of Man"" in 1871. Although Darwin did not publish his ""Descent of Man"" until 1871, the general debate on this topic had started years before (there was even a precursor debate in the 18th century between Monboddo and Buffon). Darwin had dropped a hint when, in the conclusion to"
"Doctrine of necessity The doctrine of necessity is the basis on which extra-legal actions by state actors, which are designed to restore order, are found to be constitutional. The maxim on which the doctrine is based originated in the writings of the medieval jurist Henry de Bracton, and similar justifications for this kind of extra-legal action have been advanced by more recent legal authorities, including William Blackstone. In modern times, the doctrine was first used in a controversial 1954 judgment in which Pakistani Chief Justice Muhammad Munir validated the extra-constitutional use of emergency powers by Governor General, Ghulam Mohammad. In"
"forces is an ""important incident of war."" ""Hamdi"", 542 U.S. at 518 (plurality opinion) (quotation omitted). See, e.g., General Orders No. 100: ""Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field"" ¶ 15 (Apr. 24, 1863) (""[military necessity admits of all direct destruction of life or limb of armed enemies"") (emphasis omitted); International Committee of the Red Cross, ""Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 Aug. 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts"" (Additional Protocol II) § 4789 (1987) (""Those who belong to"
"or has influenced most national constitutions since 1948. It has also served as the foundation for a growing number of national laws, international laws, and treaties, as well as for a growing number of regional, sub national, and national institutions protecting and promoting human rights. For the first time in international law, the term “the rule of law” was used in the preamble of the Declaration. The third paragraph of the preamble of the Declaration reads as follows: ""Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny"
"a burning heart, while in his left he wields a dagger. Under the title ""Acéphale"" are printed the words ""Religion. Sociologie. Philosophie"" followed on the next line by the expression ""the sacred conspiracy"" (""la conjuration sacrée""). The first article, signed by Bataille, is titled ""The Sacred Conspiracy"" and claims that ""Secretly or not... it is necessary to become different or else cease to be."" Further on, Bataille wrote: ""Human life is exasperated by having served as the head and reason of the universe. Insofar as it becomes this head and this reason, insofar as it becomes necessary to the universe,"
"commits himself, not only for his own sake but also ""for others"" and ""with others."" Each person collaborates in the work of others and for their good. Man works in order to provide for the needs of his family, his community, his nation, and ultimately all humanity. Unlike Pope Leo XIII, Pope John Paul II writes to all people of good will. The Document begins by pointing out various events that happened in the year of 1989 but more importantly how it embraced a longer period of the 1800s with dictatorial and oppressive regimes. This chapter expresses the importance of"
"the 12th and 13th centuries onward. Later, William Shakespeare called public opinion the 'mistress of success' and Blaise Pascal thought it was 'the queen of the world.' John Locke in his treatise ""An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"" considered that man was subject to three laws: the divine law, the civil law, and most importantly in Locke's judgement, the law of opinion or reputation. He regarded the latter as of the highest importance because dislike and ""ill opinion"" force people to conform in their behaviour to social norms, however he didn't consider public opinion as a suitable influence for governments. William"
"Also see the 2008 and pending 2015 entries on Human Needs: Overview in the Encyclopedia of Social Work. In his 1844 ""Paris Manuscripts"", Karl Marx famously defined humans as ""creatures of need"" or ""needy creatures"" who experienced suffering in the process of learning and working to meet their needs. These needs were both physical needs as well as moral, emotional and intellectual needs. According to Marx, human development is characterized by the fact that in the process of meeting their needs, humans develop new needs, implying that at least to some extent they make and remake their own nature. This"
"existing system will be quickest and most radically overthrown by the annihilation of its exponents. Therefore, massacres of the enemies of the people must be set in motion"". Most is best known for a pamphlet published in 1885, ""The Science of Revolutionary Warfare"", a how-to manual on the subject of making explosives based on knowledge he acquired while working at an explosives plant in New Jersey. By the 1880s, people inside and outside the anarchist movement began to use the slogan, ""propaganda of the deed"" to refer to individual bombings, regicides and tyrannicides. From 1905 onwards, the Russian counterparts of"
"by Karl Marx throughout his magnum opus Capital, where the capitalist and worker are introduced as dramatis personae in human history. Dramatis personæ Dramatis personæ (Latin: ""the masks of the drama"") are the main characters in a dramatic work written in a list. Such lists are commonly employed in various forms of theater, and also on screen. Typically, off-stage characters are not considered part of the ""dramatis personæ"". It is said to have been recorded in English since 1730, and is also evident in international use. It is customary to give a ""cast list"", which also has next to each"
"the cosmos becomes a living host. Let's pray to the Lord that he help us be priests in this sense, to help in the transformation of the world in adoration of God, beginning with ourselves. The Phenomenon of Man The Phenomenon of Man (""Le phénomène humain"") is a 1955 book written by the French philosopher, paleontologist and Jesuit priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. In this work, Teilhard describes evolution as a process that leads to increasing complexity, culminating in the unification of consciousness. The book was finished in the 1930s, but was published posthumously in 1955, and translated into English"
"condition"" include André Malraux's novel ""Man's Fate"", René Magritte's painting ""La Condition Humaine"", Hannah Arendt's political philosophy, and Masaki Kobayashi's film trilogy. Human condition The human condition is ""the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality"". This is a very broad topic which has been and continues to be pondered and analyzed from many perspectives, including those of religion, philosophy, history, art, literature, anthropology, psychology, and biology. As a literary term, ""the human condition"" is typically used in the context of ambiguous subjects such as the"
"his 1934 publication ""On the Three Types of Juristic Thought"" to denote the ""concrete order"" of a people, before extending its use into his 1950 book ""The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum"". After Schmitt, the next influential writer to use the term in a modern context is Peter L. Berger. Berger writes of human beings fashioning a world by their own activity (1967:5). Berger sees this taking place through a continual threefold cycle between individuals and society: externalisation, objectivation and internalization. The world thus fashioned has an order—a set of principles—which comes"
"Bestseller. It has also received acclaim on the New York Times Editor's Choice list, the San Francisco Chronicle Editors Choice list, and as one of Babble's 50 Best Parenting Books. It has also been recognized as recommended reading by Scientific American. In 2009, Gopnik published a paper in ""Hume Studies"" arguing that the historical record regarding the circumstances around David Hume's authoring of ""A Treatise of Human Nature"" are wrong. Gopnik argued that Hume had access to the library of the Royal College at La Flèche, a Jesuit institution that had been founded by Henri IV. At the time Hume"
"topic through formal education. Today the most influential document used to determine what qualifies as human rights and how to implement these ideas and rights into everyday life is the Universal Declaration. The declaration was adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, making December 10 annual Human Rights Day ever since. To this day the 30 article compilation is seen as “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”. Arab Institute for Human Rights The Arab Institute for Human Rights is an independent Arab non-governmental organization based in Tunisia. It was founded in 1989 at the initiative"
"March of Progress The March of Progress, properly called The Road to Homo Sapiens, is an illustration that presents 25 million years of human evolution. It was created for the ""Early Man"" volume of the ""Life Nature Library"", published in 1965. It has been viewed as a picture of the discredited view (orthogenesis) that evolution is progressive. As such, it has been widely parodied and imitated to create images of progress of other kinds. The picture of progress in evolution was anticipated by Thomas Henry Huxley's 1863 ""Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature"". The illustration is part of a"
"Man: Whence, How and Whither, a Record of Clairvoyant Investigation Man: Whence, How and Whither, A Record of Clairvoyant Investigation, published in 1913, is a theosophical book compiled by the second president of the Theosophical Society (TS) - Adyar, Annie Besant, and by a TS member, Charles W. Leadbeater. The book is a study on early times on planetary chains, beginnings of early root races, early civilizations and empires, and past lives of men. At the beginning of the book the authors wrote that ""metaphysicians, ancient and modern, declare that Past, Present, and Future are ever simultaneously existent in the"
"of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to this understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls"
"landmark document in human rights history. It was drafted by representatives from various countries and regions with varying legal and cultural experiences. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed this declaration in Paris, France on December 10, 1948. This Declaration states that basic human rights require protection. It was translated into more than 500 languages worldwide. The demand for human rights education continues to grow globally. Academic institutions are in the position to train students as future business leaders capable of managing human rights impact on their respective corporate organizations. The United Nations Global Compact in cooperation with the Principles for"
"fact which he felt he must acknowledge as a scientist. However, he believes that humanity will only be better off if it follows his prescriptions, so that even if he is incorrect it is the right course of action. The book sold over two million copies, raised the general awareness of population and environmental issues, and influenced 1960s and 1970s public policy. In 1948, two widely read books were published that would inspire a ""neo-Malthusian"" debate on population and the environment: Fairfield Osborn’s ""Our Plundered Planet"" and William Vogt’s ""Road to Survival"". Although, they are now much less well known"
"a paradigm. The Order of Things The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences () is a 1966 book by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. It was translated into English and published by Pantheon Books in 1970. (Foucault had preferred ""L'Ordre des Choses"" for the original French title, but changed the title because it had been used by two structuralist works published immediately prior to Foucault's). Foucault endeavours to ""excavate"" the origins of the human sciences, which have their root in ""life, labour, and language"", that is: biology, economics, and linguistics. The book opens with an extended discussion"
"in everyday speech even today, ""One cannot be a judge in one's own cause"" (see Dr. Bonham's Case), rights are reciprocal to obligations, and the like. Judicial decisions and treatises of the 17th and 18th centuries, such at those of Lord Chief Justice Edward Coke, presented the common law as a collection of such maxims. Reliance on old maxims and rigid adherence to precedent, no matter how old or ill-considered, came under critical discussion in the late 19th century, starting in the United States. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in his famous article, ""The Path of the Law"", commented, ""It is"
"by governments in 52 countries and were the first refugee travel documents. Migrations forced from political instability during World War II and its immediate aftermath highlighted the international dimensions of problems presented by unprecedented volumes of displaced persons including those rendered effectively stateless. Dating from December 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Article 15 affirms that: At the Fourth United Nations General Assembly Session in October–December 1949, the International Law Commission included the topic ""Nationality, ""including statelessness"""" in its list of topics of international law provisionally selected for codification. At the behest of the United Nations Economic and"
"of a person's life (beginning of the 12th century), chronicle, account of events as relevant to a group of people or people in general (1155), dramatic or pictorial representation of historical events (c. 1240), body of knowledge relative to human evolution, science (c. 1265), narrative of real or imaginary events, story (c. 1462)"". It was from Anglo-Norman that ""history"" was borrowed into Middle English, and this time the loan stuck. It appears in the thirteenth-century ""Ancrene Wisse"", but seems to have become a common word in the late fourteenth century, with an early attestation appearing in John Gower's ""Confessio Amantis"""
"The Phenomenon of Man The Phenomenon of Man (""Le phénomène humain"") is a 1955 book written by the French philosopher, paleontologist and Jesuit priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. In this work, Teilhard describes evolution as a process that leads to increasing complexity, culminating in the unification of consciousness. The book was finished in the 1930s, but was published posthumously in 1955, and translated into English in 1959. The Roman Catholic Church initially prohibited the publication of some of Teilhard's writings on the grounds that they contradicted orthodoxy. The foreword to the book was written by one of the key advocates"
"within a framework of classical republicanism. Published in 1762, it became one of the most influential works of political philosophy in the Western tradition. It developed some of the ideas mentioned in an earlier work, the article ""Économie Politique"" (""Discourse on Political Economy""), featured in Diderot's ""Encyclopédie"". The treatise begins with the dramatic opening lines, ""Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they."" Rousseau claimed that the state of nature was a primitive condition without law or morality, which human beings left for the"
"a key role in the development of modern international law. In his ""De jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres"" (""Three Books on the Law of War and Peace"") of 1625, and drawing from the Bible and from the St. Augustine's just war theory, he argued that nations as well as persons ought to be governed by universal principle based on morality and divine justice. Drawing, though, from domestic contract law, he argued that relations among polities ought to be governed by the law of peoples, the ""jus gentium"", established by the consent of the community of nations on the basis"
"with the codification of new rules of international humanitarian law. The preamble of the two Conventions referenced the “laws of humanity” as an expression of underlying inarticulated humanistic values. The term is part of what is known as the Martens Clause. On May 24, 1915, the Allied Powers, Britain, France, and Russia, jointly issued a statement explicitly charging for the first time ever another government of committing ""a crime against humanity"". An excerpt from this joint statement reads: At the conclusion of the war, an international war crimes commission recommended the creation of a tribunal to try ""violations of the"
"practice of the West or even France at the time. The declaration emerged in the late 18th century out of war and revolution. It encountered opposition as democracy and individual rights were frequently regarded as synonymous with anarchy and subversion. The declaration embodies ideals and aspirations towards which France pledged to struggle in the future. The Declaration is introduced by a preamble describing the fundamental characteristics of the rights which are qualified as being ""natural, unalienable and sacred"" and consisting of ""simple and incontestable principles"" on which citizens could base their demands. In the second article, ""the natural and imprescriptible"
"or to call into doubt that which we have defined, let him know that he has fallen away completely from the divine and Catholic Faith. The central document of Pope Paul VI is ""Humanae vitae"". The Pope begins with the statement that ""the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator."" He claims that this is a source of great joy to them, although it means many difficulties and hardships. But there are global perspectives. A rapid increase in population has created the spectre of a world"