"also attacking Soviet airfields east of the Volga to maintain German air superiority. ""Luftflotte 4"" defeated the VVS in the airspace above the city, restricting the Soviets to night operations. The Germans obtained daylight air superiority over the Stalingrad area and exploited their edge to devastating effect. From 5 to 12 September, ""Luftflotte 4"" conducted 7,507 sorties (938 per day). From 16 to 25 September, it carried out 9,746 sorties (975 per day). On 14 October it launched 1,250 sorties against Soviet positions west and east of the Volga and Soviet traffic along the river. That same day, its three"
"driving the Whites eastward, from the Middle Volga at Kazan to the Kama and eventually to Ufa on the Belaya. In modern times, the city on the big bend of the Volga, currently known as Volgograd, witnessed the Battle of Stalingrad, possibly the bloodiest battle in human history, in which the Soviet Union and the German forces were deadlocked in a stalemate battle for access to the river. The Volga was (and still is) a vital transport route between central Russia and the Caspian Sea, which provides access to the oil fields of the Apsheron Peninsula. Hitler planned to use"
"of the FIFA World Cup in 2018. A new modern stadium, Volgograd Arena, was built for this occasion on the bank of the Volga River to serve as the venue. The stadium has a seating capacity for 45,000 people, including a press box, a VIP box and seats for people with limited mobility. Volgograd is twinned with: Volgograd Volgograd (), formerly Tsaritsyn (), 1589–1925, and Stalingrad (), 1925–1961, is an important industrial city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It lies on the western bank of the Volga River. The Battle of Stalingrad in World War II was"
"SS Stalingrad SS ""Stalingrad"" was a steamship of the Soviet Union, named after the Soviet city of Stalingrad, itself named after Joseph Stalin. She was built at Soviet Shipyard No. 189 (Ordzhonikidze) in Leningrad and operated by Glavnoe Upravlenie Severnogo Morskogo Puti (GUSMP), who homeported her in Vladivostok. She had entered service in 1933. ""Stalingrad"" was one of ten ""Anadyr""-class cargo-passenger ships built for ice navigation in the Far East, around the port of Vladivostok. They had the unofficial name of ""far-easterners"". They were initially designed to be powered by diesel but were redesigned as coal powered steamers for economic"
"honor Stalin and his actions. About 17 years later the city would once again be a battlefield, this time for the decisive battle of the Eastern Front of World War II, the bloody Battle of Stalingrad. The city was renamed in 1961 to Volgograd by Nikita Khrushchev during his de-Stalinization reforms. Battle of Tsaritsyn The Battle of Tsaritsyn was a military confrontation between Bolshevik forces and the White Army during the Russian Civil War. It was for control of the significant city and port on the Volga River in southwestern Russia. The battle resulted in a Bolshevik victory. The battle"
"Volgograd has more than 200 rivers and streams. The major ones include: Stalingrad Oblast () was established on December 5, 1936 on the territory of former Stalingrad Krai. The oblast was given its present name on November 10, 1961. During the Soviet period, three people exercised oblast-level authority: In 1991 the CPSU lost ""de facto"" power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament. The Charter of Volgograd Oblast provides the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Volgograd Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative"
"the east. The two main rivers in European Russia, the Don and the Volga, run through the oblast and are connected by the Volga–Don Canal. Volgograd Oblast's strategic waterways have made it a popular route for shipping and for the generation of hydroelectricity. Volgograd Oblast is best known as the primary site of the Battle of Stalingrad during World War II, often regarded as one of the single largest and bloodiest battles in the history of warfare. Volgograd Oblast borders with Saratov, Rostov, Astrakhan, and Voronezh Oblasts, as well as with Kalmykia of Russia and with Kazakhstan (West Kazakhstan Region)."
"past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea below Astrakhan at below sea level. At its most strategic point, it bends toward the Don (""the big bend""). Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad, is located there. The Volga has many tributaries, most importantly the rivers Kama, the Oka, the Vetluga, and the Sura. The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which flows through an area of about in the most heavily populated part of Russia. The Volga Delta"
"Kamennogorsk Kamennogorsk (), known under the Finnish name of Antrea (; ) before 1948, is a town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the left bank of the Vuoksa River (Lake Ladoga's basin) northwest of St. Petersburg. Population: Human habitation in the area where Kamennogorsk now stands goes back to the Stone Age. In the beginning of the 20th century, a Stone Age site was discovered under a layer of peat. Findings at the site included wooden and flint implements, polished instruments of shale, remains of net of nettle fibers, sixteen fishing floats"
"these railways are served by suburban trains. A new railway to Sosnovo and Losevo is under construction. The town is connected by roads with Vyborg, Svetogorsk, and Melnikovo. Kamennogorsk Kamennogorsk (), known under the Finnish name of Antrea (; ) before 1948, is a town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the left bank of the Vuoksa River (Lake Ladoga's basin) northwest of St. Petersburg. Population: Human habitation in the area where Kamennogorsk now stands goes back to the Stone Age. In the beginning of the 20th century, a Stone Age site was"
"Belgorod Belgorod () is a city and the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River north of the border with Ukraine. Population: The name ""Belgorod"" (Белгород) in Russian literally means ""White city"", compounding the sememes """" (""bely"", ""white, light"") and """" (""gorod"", ""town, city""). The city thus acquired its name because the region was rich in limestone. Etymologically, the name corresponds to other Slavic city-names of identical meaning: ""Belgrade"", ""Belogradchik"", ""Białogard"", ""Biograd"", ""Bilhorod"", ""Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi"" etc. Records first mention the settlement in 1237, when the Mongol-led army of Batu Khan ravaged it. It is unclear whether"
"Krasnohrad. It is located on the Berestova River to the south of the city of Kharkiv. Krasnohrad Krasnohrad or Krasnograd () is a city in Kharkiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. In 1784-1922 it was known as Kostyantynohrad or Konstantingrad. It serves as the administrative center of Krasnohrad Raion. Population: The city of Krasnohrad was founded as a fortress of Bilevsk in 1731-1733, as part of the Ukrainian line defence fortifications, which ran from the Dnieper to the Donets. The fortress was named after the Russian military garrison that was formed in a town of Belyov (near Tula). In 1784 the"
"part of the Volga–Baltic Waterway and White Sea – Baltic Canal. It is a site of numerous major historical events, including the Battle of the Neva in 1240 which gave Alexander Nevsky his name, the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703, and the Siege of Leningrad by the German army during World War II. There are two versions of the origin of the name Neva, in - poor fen or in – new. Modern names for the distributaries of the river delta were settled only by the end of the 18th century. In the Paleozoic, 300–400 million years ago, the"
"Oktyabrsky Island Oktyabrsky Island (; ) is an island in the Pregolya River in Kaliningrad, capital of Kaliningrad Oblast, an exclave of Russia. The island, covering about , is immediately east (upriver) of the city's historic centre. When Kaliningrad was the German Königsberg, the island was called () and largely used for grazing, except for the district of Lomse at its western end. Since the 2010s the island has been extensively redeveloped around the Kaliningrad Stadium, being constructed for the 2018 FIFA World Cup due to be held in Russia. The German name for the Pregolya River was the ."
"Mineralnye Vody Mineralnye Vody (; lit. ""mineral waters"") is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located along the Kuma River and the main rail line between Rostov-on-Don in Russia and Baku in Azerbaijan. Population: The town owes its birth to the construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz Railway, the construction of which was completed in 1875. In 1878, the village which developed around the construction was officially recognized and named Sultanovsky. During the Soviet period, the name was changed to Mineralnye Vody and town status was granted.. It was occupied by Nazi Germany between 10 August 1942 and 11 January 1943 during"
"Pyatigorsk Pyatigorsk () Circassian: Psykhwabe (Псыхуабэ) is a city in Stavropol Krai located on the Podkumok River, about from the town of Mineralnye Vody where there is an international airport and about from Kislovodsk. Since January 19, 2010, it has been the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. Population: The name Pyatigorsk is derived from the fused Russian words """" (""five mountains"") and the city is so called because of the five peaks of the Beshtau (which also means ""five mountains"" in Turkic) of the Caucasian mountain range overlooking the city. It was founded in 1780,"
"Volga River and began its advance with heavy air support from the ""Luftwaffe's"" ""Luftflotte 4"". On 7 August, two German panzer corps were able to flank and encircle a Soviet force of 50,000 personnel and approximately 1,000 tanks, and on 22 August German forces began to cross the Don River to complete the advance towards the Volga. The following day, the Battle of Stalingrad began when vanguards of the Sixth Army penetrated the suburbs of the city. By November the Sixth Army had occupied most of Stalingrad, pushing the defending Red Army to the banks of the Volga River. By"
"Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia. Marked by fierce close quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, it was the largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.8–2 million killed, wounded or captured) battle in the history of warfare. After their defeat at Stalingrad, the German High Command had to withdraw vast military forces from the Western Front to"
"the starboard ones had been destroyed by the explosion. Further losses occurred when one of the boats capsized when it reached the water. Out of a complement of 87, 21 were killed, with 66 survivors being picked up by other ships of the convoy. SS Stalingrad SS ""Stalingrad"" was a steamship of the Soviet Union, named after the Soviet city of Stalingrad, itself named after Joseph Stalin. She was built at Soviet Shipyard No. 189 (Ordzhonikidze) in Leningrad and operated by Glavnoe Upravlenie Severnogo Morskogo Puti (GUSMP), who homeported her in Vladivostok. She had entered service in 1933. ""Stalingrad"" was"
"Baikonur Baikonur (; ), formerly known as Leninsk (also, see Tyuratam), is a city of republic significance in Kazakhstan on the Northern bank of the Syr Darya river, rented and administered by the Russian Federation. It was constructed to service the Baikonur Cosmodrome and was officially renamed Baikonur by Russian president Boris Yeltsin on December 20, 1995. During the Soviet period, it was sometimes referred to as звездоград (Zvezdograd), Russian for Star City. In 2009, the population of Baikonur was while in 1999, it was The rented area is an ellipse measuring east to west by north to south, with"
"Salekhard–Igarka Railway The broad gauge Salekhard–Igarka Railway, (, Transpolyarnaya Magistral - ""Transpolar Mainline"") also referred to variously as ""Dead Road ("""")"", and ""Stalinbahn"", is an incomplete railway in northern Siberia. The railway was a project of the Soviet Gulag system that took place from 1947 until Stalin's death in 1953. Construction was coordinated via two separate Gulag projects, the ""501 Railroad"" beginning on the River Ob and ""503 Railroad"" beginning on the River Yenisey, part of a grand design of Joseph Stalin to span a railroad across northern Siberia to reach the Soviet Union's easternmost territories. The planned route from"
"Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk (; Karelian, Vepsian & ; Finland Swedish: ""Petroskoj"") is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some . Population: It was previously known as ""Petrovskaya Sloboda"" (until 1777), ""Petrozavodsk"" (until 1941), ""Äänislinna"" (until 1944). Archeological discoveries in the urban area indicate the presence of a settlement as far back as seven thousand years ago, and during the Middle Ages the site of modern city was marked by several lakeside villages. Within the city limits, the district of Solomennoje appears in surviving records dating back to the"
"Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (, , ), formerly known as Akkerman (see naming section below), is a city and port situated on the right bank of the Dniester Liman (on the Dniester estuary leading to the Black Sea) in Odessa Oblast of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Bessarabia. Administratively, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as the administrative center of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion, one of twenty-six districts of Odessa Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. It is a location of a big freight seaport. Population: The city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is also"
"after Joseph Stalin on April 10, 1925. This was officially to recognize the city and Stalin's role in its defense against the Whites between 1918 and 1920. In 1931, the German settlement-colony Old Sarepta (founded in 1765) became a district of Stalingrad. Renamed Krasnoarmeysky Rayon (or ""Red Army District""), it became the largest area of the city. The first institute was opened in 1930. A year later, the Stalingrad Industrial Pedagogical Institute, now Volgograd State Pedagogical University, was opened. Under Stalin, the city became a center of heavy industry and transshipment by rail and river. During World War II, German"
"Ivangorod Ivangorod (; ; ) is a town in Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Narva River by the Estonia–Russia border, west of St. Petersburg. Population: Ivangorod is a major border crossing point and a railway station by the Tallinn–St. Petersburg line. It is located just opposite to the Estonian town of Narva. The town is the site of the Ivangorod Fortress, a prominent fortification monument of the 15th and the 16th centuries. The fortress, established in 1492 during the reign of Ivan III of Moscow, took its name (literally: Ivan-town — ""gorod"""
"December 2017, it will host a four nations tournament. Krasnogorsk is the birthplace of Russian hockey player Vladimir Petrov. Krasnogorsk is twinned with: Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast Krasnogorsk (, ) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnogorsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Moskva River, adjacent to the northwestern boundary of Moscow. Population: An urban-type settlement was established here in 1932, to which town status was granted in 1940. In the 1940s, the Antifascist Central School, in which many foreign Communists studied and lectured, was located at Krasnogorsk. After the war, the German V2 rocket scientists which"
"Svetlograd Svetlograd () is a town and the administrative center of Petrovsky District in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the Kalaus River, northeast of Stavropol, the administrative center of the krai. Population: It was founded in 1750 as the village of Petrovskoye (). It was granted town status and renamed Svetlograd in 1965. Within the framework of administrative divisions, Svetlograd serves as the administrative center of Petrovsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Petrovsky District as the Town of Svetlograd. As a municipal division, the Town of Svetlograd is incorporated within Petrovsky"
"Smolensk Smolensk (); ; is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. Population: The walled city in the center of Smolensk (along with the outskirts) was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of the Mongol Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, First French Empire and Nazi Germany. Today, Smolensk is noted for its electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting industries. The name of the city is derived from the name of the Smolnya River. The origin of the river's name is less clear."
"the Second World War and for the loss of life associated with the battle. The term Stalingrad has become almost synonymous with large-scale urban battles with high casualties on both sides. Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia. Marked by fierce close quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, it was the largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.8–2"
"those provided through the Road of Life across Lake Ladoga, which could not make it through until the lake literally froze. More than one million civilians were killed, mainly from starvation. Many others escaped or were evacuated, so the city became largely depopulated. On 1 May 1945 Joseph Stalin, in his Supreme Commander Order No. 20, named Leningrad, alongside Stalingrad, Sevastopol, and Odessa, hero cities of the war. A law acknowledging the honorary title of ""Hero City"" passed on 8 May 1965 (the 20th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War), during the Brezhnev era. The Presidium of"
"Kalach-na-Donu Kalach-na-Donu (), or Kalach-on-the-Don, is a town and the administrative center of Kalachyovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River, west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It was founded in 1708 as a Cossack ""sloboda"" and was originally called Kalach (). In World War II, the town lent its name to an armored clash between the German 6th Army and the Soviet 64th and 1st Tank Armies from July 25 to August 11, 1942. About three months later, during Operation Uranus, several Soviet tank corps encircled the besieging German 6th Army in"
"Kalach-na-Donu Kalach-na-Donu (), or Kalach-on-the-Don, is a town and the administrative center of Kalachyovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River, west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It was founded in 1708 as a Cossack ""sloboda"" and was originally called Kalach (). In World War II, the town lent its name to an armored clash between the German 6th Army and the Soviet 64th and 1st Tank Armies from July 25 to August 11, 1942. About three months later, during Operation Uranus, several Soviet tank corps encircled the besieging German 6th Army in"
"the summer of 1942. After German air attacks, the 6th Army, led by Friedrich Paulus, was tasked with capturing Stalingrad, a key city on the River Volga. His troops, supported by 4th Panzer Army, entered the city on 12 September. Hand-to-hand combat and street fighting ensued. The Red Army launched a huge counteroffensive on 19 November, codenamed Operation Uranus, which was designed to encircle the German armies and trap them in the city; this goal was accomplished on 23 November. Hitler, aware that if Stalingrad were lost it would likely never be retaken, appointed Manstein as commander of the newly"