"a traditional plant and beverage of the South Pacific. The roots of the plant are used to produce a drink with medicinal, sedative, anesthetic, euphoriant, and entheogenic properties. It is most likely not a coincidence that this plant has a similar name to kawakawa. One source stated: ""In New Zealand, where the climate is too cold for kava, the Maori gave the name kawa-kawa to another Piperaceae, ""M. excelsum"", in memory of the kava plants they undoubtedly brought with them and unsuccessfully attempted to cultivate. The Māori word kawa also means ""ceremonial protocol"", recalling the stylised consumption of the drug"
"O'ahu Hawai'i developed a drink which they dubbed the relaxation drink with their own formula containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-Theanine and L-Threonine providing similar calming effects found in kava or valerian roots (rhizo) which later became known as lanilai. ""Lani"" is a common Hawaiian word meaning 'sky' or 'heaven' and ' means 'calm after the storm', and hence ' carries the meaning of 'heavenly calm'. Kava roots are well known in the Pacific Islands and mostly grown in Tonga and Fiji. Kava is known to be used for social rituals and celebrations. Melatonin is another major ingredients found in relaxation"
"(""Alysicarpus vaginalis"")<br> coconut root (""Cocos nucifera"") mint (""Mentha sp."")<br> cola bark (""Cola"")<br> strongback or strongbark (""Bourreria ovata"")<br> chew stick (""Gouania lupuloides"")<br> cherry bark (""Vanilla claviculata"")<br> giant wisp (""Brosimum alicastrum"") poor-man-friend (""Stylosanthes viscosa"")<br> man back (""Desmodium incanum"")<br> blood wisp (""Iresine diffusa"")<br> sassafras (""Sassafras albidum"")<br> hops (""Humulus lupulus"")<br> nerve wisp (""Drymaria cordata"") Roots wine Roots wine more commonly known as ""roots drink"" or ""herbal drink"" is a type of medicinal beverage popular in Jamaica. It is believed to have healthful and aphrodisiacal qualities for men. Roots wine is made from a variety of herbs and roots, often blended with honey or molasses."
"been isolated from the plant, but the primary psychoactive constituent responsible for the plant's hallucinogenic effects has not yet been identified. The tree is also used for its wood. Galbulimima belgraveana Galbulimima belgraveana is a hallucinogenic plant. Its common names include white magnolia. It is native to northeastern Australia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea. Papuans (who tend to use this drug the most) boil the bark and the leaves together with another plant, called ""Homalomena"", in order to make tea. This tea leads to a deep sleep, in which it is said that vivid dreams and visions occur. The plant"
"Pteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis, the slender brake, silver lace fern, sword brake fern, or slender brake fern, is a plant species in the genus Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is found in Asia and the Pacific. It is the most common ingredient of traditional herbal drinks in Taiwan containing different phenolic compounds : kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-[α-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)-β-d-glucopyranoside], 7-O-caffeoylhydroxymaltol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, hispidin 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, caffeic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. This plant is resistant to arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Benzoyl-beta-D-glucoside, as well as pterosin sesquiterpenes can be found in ""P. ensiformis"". ""Pteris ensiformis"" is cultivated as an ornamental plant for"
"Kaempferia galanga Kaempferia galanga, commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry, or resurrection lily, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family, and one of four plants called galangal. It is found primarily in open areas in Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Cambodia, and India, but is also widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia. ""Kaempferia galanga"" is used as an herb in cooking in Indonesia, where it is called ""kencur"" or 'Cekur' in Malaysia, and especially in Javanese and Balinese cuisines. ""Beras kencur"", which combines dried ""K. galanga"" powder with rice flour, is a particularly popular ""jamu"" herbal drink. Its"
"tropical and subtropical climate gardens, and as a house plant. Pteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis, the slender brake, silver lace fern, sword brake fern, or slender brake fern, is a plant species in the genus Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is found in Asia and the Pacific. It is the most common ingredient of traditional herbal drinks in Taiwan containing different phenolic compounds : kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-[α-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)-β-d-glucopyranoside], 7-O-caffeoylhydroxymaltol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, hispidin 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, caffeic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. This plant is resistant to arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Benzoyl-beta-D-glucoside, as well as pterosin sesquiterpenes can be found in ""P."
"Mitragyna speciosa Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia. ""M. speciosa"" is indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in traditional medicines since at least the nineteenth century. Kratom has opioid properties and some stimulant-like effects. , little is known of kratom's worth or safety as a therapeutic agent, since research into its use has been of poor quality. In February 2018, the United States' Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that there is no evidence that kratom is safe"
"Mitragyna speciosa Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia. ""M. speciosa"" is indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in traditional medicines since at least the nineteenth century. Kratom has opioid properties and some stimulant-like effects. , little is known of kratom's worth or safety as a therapeutic agent, since research into its use has been of poor quality. In February 2018, the United States' Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that there is no evidence that kratom is safe"
"use as a food additive, safrole from either ""Sassafras"" or ""Ocotea cymbarum"" is also the primary precursor for synthesis of MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as the drug ecstasy. Other magnoliids also are known for their narcotic, hallucinogenic, or paralytic properties. The Polynesian beverage kava is prepared from the pulverized roots of ""Piper methysticum"", and has both sedative and narcotic properties. It is used throughout the Pacific in social gatherings or after work to relax. Likewise, some native peoples of the Amazon take a hallucinogenic snuff made from the dried and powdered fluid exuded from the bark of ""Virola"" trees. Another"
"acid, which is somewhat toxic and might even destroy the testicles after prolonged use. Bitter kola (""G. kola"") seeds are used in folk medicine. ""G. mannii"" is popular as a chew stick in western Africa, freshening the breath and cleaning the teeth. ""G. subelliptica"", called ""fukugi"" in Japanese, is the floral emblem of Mobuto and Tarama on Okinawa. The Malaysian town of Beruas – often spelled ""Bruas"" – derives its name from the seashore mangosteen (""G. hombroniana""), known locally as ""pokok bruas"". The Plant List (2013) lists 395 species including: Garcinia Garcinia is a plant genus of the family Clusiaceae"
"Severe Liver Injury."" No legal action was taken and this advisory has since been archived. The Pacific island-state of Vanuatu has passed legislation to regulate the quality of its kava exports. Vanuatu prohibits the export or consumption of non-noble kava varieties or the parts of the plant that are unsuitable for consumption (such as leaves and stems). Kava Kava or kava kava or ""Piper methysticum"" (Latin ""pepper"" and Latinized Greek ""intoxicating"") is a crop of the Pacific Islands. The name ""kava(-kava)"" is from Tongan and Marquesan, meaning ""bitter""; other names for kava include ""ʻawa"" (Hawaiʻi), ""ʻava"" (Samoa), ""yaqona"" (Fiji), ""sakau"""
"Galbulimima belgraveana Galbulimima belgraveana is a hallucinogenic plant. Its common names include white magnolia. It is native to northeastern Australia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea. Papuans (who tend to use this drug the most) boil the bark and the leaves together with another plant, called ""Homalomena"", in order to make tea. This tea leads to a deep sleep, in which it is said that vivid dreams and visions occur. The plant itself grows to about 90 feet, it has no petals and its flower are a yellow-brown colour. Several psychoactive alkaloids structurally related to himbacine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, have"
"2009. The name ""Mary Jane"" is a reference to marijuana, although the relaxing constituents of kava are not chemically related to cannabis. The drink is manufactured in Riverside, CA. Mary Jane's Relaxing Soda Mary Jane's Relaxing Soda is an American commercial soft drink containing kava, a plant root from the South Pacific that has sedative effects. The drink belongs to a group of so-called ""chill-out"" or ""anti-energy"" drinks that offer an alternative to caffeinated energy drinks. Kava has long been used in the South Pacific for its relaxing effects. Mary Jane's Relaxing Soda includes sugar to cover up the ""awful"
"seen in Japan, India, Nepal, and many other areas of south-east Asia and the Pacific region. The original specimen was collected in Japan, hence the specific epithet “japonica”. The variety in New South Wales is known as ""bicolor"", as the under-side of the leaf is somewhat paler than above. Protostephanine is an alkaloid from Stephania japonica (Menispermaceae). Antihypertensive agent. The leaves of this plant are commonly used to produce edible green grass jelly in Indonesia. Stephania japonica Stephania japonica, known as snake vine, is a common scrambler often seen in sheltered areas near the sea. A dioecious vine without prickles."
"forensic investigations by quantitation of kavain in blood specimens. The principal urinary metabolite, conjugated 4'-OH-kavain, is generally detectable for up to 48 hours. Kava is consumed in various ways throughout the Pacific Ocean cultures of Polynesia, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia and Australia. Traditionally, it is prepared by either chewing, grinding or pounding the roots of the kava plant. Grinding is done by hand against a cone-shaped block of dead coral; the hand forms a mortar and the coral a pestle. The ground root/bark is combined with only a little water, as the fresh root releases moisture during"
"himself proposed ""C. gladiolata"" as the ancestor of ""C. gladiata"" in the afore-mentioned article. The plant grows in Micronesia, where the island inhabitants use it as an herbal remedy for conditions such as cough. In Hawaii, where it is a non-native and invasive species, its showy flowers and large seeds are used in leis. Canavalia cathartica Canavalia cathartica, commonly known as maunaloa in the Hawaiian language, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. The Hawaiian name translates as ""long mountain"". In English it may also be known as poisonous sea bean, ground jack bean, horse bean,"
"kudzu-infested habitats, and takes effect quickly enough that kudzu treated with it in the morning starts showing evidence of damage by midafternoon. Initial formulations of the herbicide produced toxic levels of other trichothecenes as byproducts, though the ARS discovered growing ""M. verrucaria"" in a fermenter on a liquid, instead of a solid, diet limited or eliminated the problem. Kudzu Kudzu (; also called Japanese arrowroot) is a group of plants in the genus ""Pueraria"", in the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. They are climbing, coiling, and trailing perennial vines native to much of eastern Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific"
"Powell in ""Pharmacopoeia of the Royal College of Physicians of London"" with a reference to an earlier (1747) description by Rumphius in ""Herbarium Amboinense"". The specific epithet (""cajuputi"") is ""probably a corruption of the Indonesian name for the plant, kayu putih"". There are 3 subspecies: ""Melaleuca cajuputi"" Powell subsp. ""cajuputi"" occurs in the Dampier Peninsula, Calder River, Fitzroy Crossing district in the Central Kimberley biogeographic zone in Western Australia, the northern part of the Northern Territory, and East Timor. It grows in woodland, vine forest, gallery forest and savannah forest, on clayey and peaty loam. ""Melaleuca cajuputi"" subsp. ""cumingiana"" (Turcz.)"
"a canoe plant, kava (""P. methysticum"") is used to produce a calming and socializing drink somewhat similar to alcohol and benzodiazapines but without many of the negative side effects and less of an addiction risk. It has also become popular elsewhere in recent decades, and is used as a medical plant. However, pills that contain parts of the whole plant have occasionally shown a strong hepatotoxic effect, which has led to the banning of kava in many countries. On the other hand, the traditional preparation of the root as a calming drink appears to pose little, if any, such hazard."
"fruit. Some variants might be spiced up with addition of cinnamon and clove. Es kelapa muda Es kelapa muda (, English: young coconut ice or coconut ice) is a beverage made from chilled or iced coconut water, young coconut flesh and syrup. It is among favourite beverage in Indonesia. Es kelapa muda is included in the world's 50 most delicious drinks according to CNN on December 9, 2011, ranking 19th. Liquid sugar, syrup or honey might be used as sweetening agent. The syrup used in this drink is typically cocopandan or vanilla flavored. Some use glass as the container, while"
"Kudzu Kudzu (; also called Japanese arrowroot) is a group of plants in the genus ""Pueraria"", in the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. They are climbing, coiling, and trailing perennial vines native to much of eastern Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands. The name is derived from the Japanese name for the plant East Asian arrowroot (""Pueraria montana"" var. ""lobata""), or (""kuzu""). Where these plants are naturalized, they can be invasive and are considered noxious weeds. The plant climbs over trees or shrubs and grows so rapidly that it kills them by heavy shading. The plant is edible, but"
"teas and tinctures. Kudzu powder is used in Japan to make an herbal tea called ""kuzuyu"". Kakkonto (葛根湯, Mandarin Chinese: ""gěgēntāng"", Japanese: ""kakkontō"") is a herbal drink with its origin in traditional Chinese medicine. It is made from a mixture of ginger, cinnamon, Chinese peony, licorice, jujube, ephedra, and powder ground from the root of the kudzu plant. As the name, which translates literally to ""kudzu infusion"", implies, kudzu, or ""Pueraria lobata"", serves as the main ingredient. Together these plants are used to create a drink containing puerarin, daidzein, paenoflorin, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizin, ephedrine and gingerol. Kudzu fiber, known as"
"brewers' guides, the use of such preparations was outlawed in England, during the mid-19th century, with fines of £500 for sale and £200 for use of the drug. The wood of the plant is used for fuel and carving. The English common names are Indian berry, fishberry, or Levant nut (both referring to the dried fruit, and to the plant by synecdoche) and coca de Levante in Spanish; it is variously known as ligtang, aria (Mindanao), bayati (Tagalog), and variations thereof throughout its natural distribution (the Philippines, East India, Malaysia, and New Guinea). The name ""fishberry"" comes from the use"
"Ouabain Ouabain or (from Somali ""waabaayo"", ""arrow poison"" through French ""ouabaïo"") also known as g-strophanthin, is a plant derived toxic substance that was traditionally used as an arrow poison in eastern Africa for both hunting and warfare. Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside and in lower doses, can be used medically to treat hypotension and some arrhythmias. It acts by inhibiting the Na/K-ATPase, also known as the sodium-potassium ion pump. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is"
"7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine. The use of kratom leaves, known locally as ""ketum"", is prohibited in Malaysia under Section 30 (3) Poisons Act 1952 and the user may be fined a maximum amount of MYR 10,000 (USD 3,150) or up to four years' imprisonment. Certain parties have urged the government to penalize the use of kratom under the Dangerous Drugs Act instead of the Poisons Act, which would carry heavier penalties. Possession of kratom leaves is illegal in Thailand. The Thai government passed the Kratom Act 2486, effective August 3, 1943, which made planting the tree illegal, in response to a"
"of kava are kavalactones and flavokawains. Pipermethystine is suspected to be the main hepatotoxic compound in this plant's stems and leaves. The largest number of ""Piper"" species are found in the Americas (about 700 species), with about 300 species from Southern Asia. There are smaller groups of species from the South Pacific (about 40 species) and Africa (about 15 species). The American, Asian, and South Pacific groups each appear to be monophyletic; the affinity of the African species is unclear. Some species are sometimes segregated into the genera ""Pothomorphe"", ""Macropiper"", ""Ottonia"", ""Arctottonia"", ""Sarcorhachis"", ""Trianaeopiper"", and ""Zippelia"", but other sources keep"
"Pennantia corymbosa Pennantia corymbosa, or commonly known as kaikōmako, is a small dioecious forest tree of New Zealand. Small creamy, white flowers are produced between November and February, followed by a shiny black fruit in autumn. They are a favourite food of the New Zealand bellbird. The Māori name kaikōmako means food (kai) of the bellbird (kōmako). Traditionally the Māori used kaikōmako to make fire by repeatedly rubbing a pointed stick into a groove on a piece of māhoe. One of the English names is """"duck's foot"""", coming from the shape of the juvenile plant's leaf. Juvenile plants have small"
"Coconut jam Coconut jam (Filipino: ""matamís sa báo"", ""matamís na báo""; Indonesian: ""seri kaya, srikaya""; Malaysian: ""kaya"") is a jam made from a base of coconut milk, eggs and sugar. It is popular in Southeast Asia, mainly in Brunei, Indonesia (especially in Palembang), Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The word for coconut jam in the Malay language, ""kaya"", means rich, referencing the texture of the popular food. It could possibly be an adaptation of the Indian word 'khoya' or 'kova', which is an Indian milk custard used as a base for sweet desserts, as in ancient times the Southern"
"extract of ""K. galanga"" and polyester-8 stabilize the UV-absorptive properties of sunscreen combinations containing avobenzone. Kaempferia galanga Kaempferia galanga, commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry, or resurrection lily, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family, and one of four plants called galangal. It is found primarily in open areas in Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Cambodia, and India, but is also widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia. ""Kaempferia galanga"" is used as an herb in cooking in Indonesia, where it is called ""kencur"" or 'Cekur' in Malaysia, and especially in Javanese and Balinese cuisines. ""Beras kencur"", which combines"
"Further, ""in New Zealand, where the climate is too cold for kava, the Maori gave the name kawa-kawa to another ""Piperaceae M. excelsum"", in memory of the kava plants they undoubtedly brought with them and unsuccessfully attempted to cultivate. The Maori word kawa also means ""ceremonial protocol"", recalling the stylized consumption of the drug typical of Polynesian societies"". Kawakawa is commonly used in Maori traditional medicine for the treatment of skin infections, wounds and cuts, and (when prepared as a tea) for stomach upsets and other minor illnesses. Fresh kava root contains on average 80% water. Dried root contains approximately"
"poison as an actual weapon of hunting and attack still endures. In Africa, certain arrow poisons are made using floral ingredients, such as of that taken from the plant ""Acokanthera"". This plant contains ouabain, which is a cardiac glycoside, oleander, and milkweeds. Poisoned arrows are also still used in the jungle areas of Assam, Burma and Malaysia. The ingredients for the creation of these poisons are mainly extracted from plants of the ""Antiaris"", ""Strychnos"" and ""Strophanthus"" genera, and ""Antiaris toxicaria"" (a tree of the mulberry and breadfruit family), for example, is used in the Java island of Indonesia, as well"
"Roots wine Roots wine more commonly known as ""roots drink"" or ""herbal drink"" is a type of medicinal beverage popular in Jamaica. It is believed to have healthful and aphrodisiacal qualities for men. Roots wine is made from a variety of herbs and roots, often blended with honey or molasses. It is naturally fermented and slightly effervescent, typically containing less than 5% alcohol. Typical ingredients could include: water<br> brown sugar<br> molasses<br> chainy root (""Smilax balbisiana"")<br> sarsaparilla (""Smilax regilii"")<br> tan pan rock (""Dryopteris filix-mas"") search mi heart (""Rhytidophyllum tomentosum"")<br> dandelion (""Cassia occidentalis"")<br> blood wiss (""Vitis tiliifolia"")<br> raw moon (""Trophis racemosa"")<br> medina"