"July July is the seventh month of the year (between June and August) in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar, it being the month of his birth. Prior to that, it was called Quintilis, being the fifth month of the 10-month calendar. It is on average the warmest month in most of the Northern hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the Southern hemisphere, where"
"to be the first month of the year. The Romans later renamed months after Julius Caesar and Augustus, renaming Quintilis as ""Iulius"" (July) in 44 BC and Sextilis as ""Augustus"" (August) in 8 BC. Quintilis was renamed to honour Caesar because it was the month of his birth. According to a ""senatus consultum"" quoted by Macrobius, Sextilis was renamed to honour Augustus because several of the most significant events in his rise to power, culminating in the fall of Alexandria, occurred in that month. Other months were renamed by other emperors, but apparently none of the later changes survived their"
"Sextilis Sextilis (""sixth"") or mensis Sextilis was the Latin name for what was originally the sixth month in the Roman calendar, when March (""Martius"", ""Mars' month"") was the first of ten months in the year. After the calendar reform that produced a twelve-month year, Sextilis became the eighth month, but retained its name. It was renamed Augustus (August) in 8 BC in honor of the first Roman emperor, Augustus. Sextilis followed Quinctilis, which was renamed ""Julius"" (July) after Julius Caesar, and preceded September (from ""septem"", ""seven""), which was originally the seventh month. ""Julius"" (July) was renamed from ""Quintilis"" (""fifth"" month)"
"renamed Julius in his honor, hence July. Quintilis was under the guardianship ""(tutela)"" of the Romans' supreme deity Jupiter, with sacrifices made particularly to Neptune and Apollo. Agricultural festivals directed at the harvest gradually lost their importance, and the month became dominated in urban Imperial Rome by the Ludi Apollinares, games ""(ludi)"" in honor of Apollo. Ten days of games were celebrated in honor of Julius Caesar at the end of the month. Like the modern month of July, this was one of the ""long"" months that had 31 days. The Romans did not number days of a month sequentially"
"a poem about the Roman calendar. The first is that the month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, the goddess of marriage and the wife of the supreme deity Jupiter; the second is that the name comes from the Latin word ""iuniores"", meaning ""younger ones"", as opposed to ""maiores"" (""elders"") for which the preceding month May ""(Maius)"" may be named. Another source claims June is named after Lucius Junius Brutus, founder of the roman Republic and ancestor of the Roman gens Junia . In ancient Rome, the period from mid-May through mid-June was considered inauspicious for marriage. Ovid says"
"month of August (Latin: ""Augustus"") is named after Augustus; until his time it was called Sextilis (named so because it had been the sixth month of the original Roman calendar and the Latin word for six is ""sex""). Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length (see Julian calendar). According to a ""senatus consultum"""
"as his birth month was renamed ""Commodus"", and September was called by his title ""Augustus"", with each of the months from May to September (Lucius to Augustus) represented by elements of his official nomenclature in their usual order. The ""Historia Augusta"" also indicates that August was the month named Commodus, but is internally inconsistent: at one point, Hercules, the patron deity chosen by Commodus, is said to have been the namesake for September, while elsewhere October is the ""mensis Herculeus"", as it is on Dio's list. Several sources from late antiquity—among them Aurelius Victor, Eutropius, and Jerome—state that September was"
"June by the Maltese is known as 'ix-xahar tad-dris, tal-ħġejjeġ, tal-Imnarja, u tal-Qalb ta' Ġesù' ('the month of reaping, bonfires, Saint Peter and Saint Paul, and Sacred Heart'). July by the Maltese is known as 'tal-Karmnu' ('Our Lady of Mount Carmel'). August by the Maltese is known as 'ix-xahar tal-frott, ta' Santa Marija u ta' San Lawrenz' ('the month of fruit, Saint Mary and Saint Lawrence'). September by the Maltese is known as 'ix-xahar tal-Vitorja, tal-Bambina, u tal-Grazzja' ('the month of Victory, the Nativity of Our Lady, and Our Lady of Graces'). October by the Maltese is known as 'ix-xahar"
"Janus and Mars; July and August honor the dictator Julius Caesar and his successor, the emperor Augustus; and the months Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December are archaic adjectives formed from the ordinal numbers from 5 to 10, their position in the calendar when it began around the spring equinox in March. Others are uncertain. February may derive from the Februa festival or its eponymous ' (""purifications, expiatory offerings""), whose name may be either Sabine or preserve an archaic word for sulphuric. April may relate to the Etruscan goddess Apru or the verb ' (""to open""). May and June"
"Quintilis In the ancient Roman calendar, Quintilis or Quinctilis was the month following Junius (June) and preceding Sextilis (August). ""Quintilis"" is Latin for ""fifth"": it was the fifth month (""quintilis mensis"") in the earliest calendar attributed to Romulus, which began with Martius (""Mars' month,"" March) and had 10 months. After the calendar reform that produced a 12-month year, Quintilis became the seventh month, but retained its name. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar instituted a new calendar (the Julian calendar) that corrected astronomical discrepancies in the old. After his death in 44 BC, the month of Quintilis, his birth month, was"
"by his Genius; his birthday was made a public festival; the month Quinctilis was renamed July, in his honor (as June was named for Juno). At last a special priest, a flamen, was ordained for him; the first was to be Marc Antony, Caesar's adjutant, then consul. To be served by a flamen would rank Caesar not only as divine, but as an equal of Quirinus, Jupiter, and Mars. In Cicero's hostile account, the living Caesar's honours in Rome were already and unambiguously those of a full-blown god (""deus""). Caesar's name as a living divinity – not as yet ratified"
"August August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was originally named ""Sextilis"" in Latin because it was the sixth month in the original ten-month Roman calendar under Romulus in 753 BC, and March was the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when January and February were added to the year before March by King Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days. Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian"
"Tammuz (Babylonian calendar) Tammuz was a month in the Babylonian calendar, named for one of the main Babylonian gods, Tammuz (Sumerian: ""Dumuzid"", ""son of life""). Many different calendar systems have since adopted Tammuz to refer to a month in the summer season. In the Hebrew calendar, Tammuz is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a summer month of 29 days. Tammuz is also the name for the month of July in the Gregorian calendar in Arabic (تموز), Syriac (""ܬܡܘܙ"") and Turkish (""Temmuz""). The festival for"
"is also the time in which the elections take place for the Japanese House of Councillors, held every three years and replacing half of its seats. In Ancient Rome, the festival of Poplifugia was celebrated on 5 July, and Ludi Apollinares was held on 13 July and for several days afterwards. However, these dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. ""This list does not necessarily imply either official status nor general observance."" July July is the seventh month of the year (between June and August) in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and the fourth of seven months to"
"precursors to the launch of the crusades. From 2002 to July 2008 under Turkmen calendar reform, the month of August was named after Alp Arslan. Alp Arslan Alp Arslan (honorific in Turkish meaning ""Heroic Lion""; in ; full name: ""Diya ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abu Shuja Muhammad Alp Arslan ibn Dawud"" ; 20 January 1029 – 15 December 1072), real name Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty. As Sultan, Alp Arslan greatly expanded Seljuk territory and consolidated power, defeating rivals to his south"
"Iunius (month) On the ancient Roman calendar, mensis Iunius or Iunius, also Junius (June), was the fourth month, following ""Maius"" (May). In the oldest calendar attributed by the Romans to Romulus, ""Iunius"" was the fourth month in a ten-month year that began with March ""(Martius,"" ""Mars' month""). The month following June was thus called ""Quinctilis"" or ""Quintilis"", the ""fifth"" month. ""Iunius"" had 29 days until a day was added during the Julian reform of the calendar in the mid-40s BC. The month that followed ""Iunius"" was renamed ""Iulius"" (July) in honour of Julius Caesar. In his poem on the Roman"
"is nemned on lǣden ""Iunius"", and on ūre geþeōde se ""Ǣrra Līða"", for ðon seō lyft biþ ðonne smylte and ða windas. Ond monnum biþ ðonne gewunelīc ðæt hī līðaþ ðonne on sǣs bryme.” ""[…] the month is called"" Iunius ""in Latin and in our language,"" Ǣrra Liða, ""for the sky is quiet and so too the winds. And it is usual to sail upon the sea."" The next month in the Anglo-Saxon calendar was Æftera Līða, (modern English: ""second ‘liða’""), which corresponds to the modern July. Ǣrra-Līða Ǣrra Līða ( ""first ‘liða’"") was the Anglo-Saxon name for the month"
"month of July in Iraqi Arabic and Levantine Arabic (see Arabic names of calendar months), as well as in the Assyrian calendar and Jewish calendar, and references to Tammuz appear in Arabic literature from the 9th to 11th centuries AD. In what purports to be a translation of an ancient Nabataean (here meaning Aramaean) text by Qūthāmā the Babylonian, Ibn Wahshiyya (c. 9th-10th century AD), adds information on his own efforts to ascertain the identity of Tammuz, and his discovery of the full details of the legend of Tammuz in another Nabataean book: ""How he summoned the king to worship"
"solar year. Caesar also renamed the fifth month (also the month of his birth) in the Roman calendar July, in his honor (Roman years started in March, not January as they do under the current calendar). Suetonius says that Caesar had planned on invading and conquering the Parthian Empire. These plans were not carried out due to Caesar's assassination. Suetonius then includes a description of Caesar's appearance and personality. Suetonius says that Caesar was semi-bald. Due to embarrassment regarding his premature baldness, Caesar combed his hair over and forward so as to hide this baldness. Caesar wore a senator's tunic"
"Mordad Mordad (, ) is the fifth month of the Solar Hijri calendar, the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. Mordad has thirty-one days, beginning in July and ending in August of the Gregorian calendar. It is the second month of summer after Tir, and is followed by Shahrivar. The name ""Mordad"" derives from Middle Persian ""Amurdad"" from Avestan 'Ameretat', the Zoroastrian divinity of ""immortality"", and under whose protection the month stands. 28 - 1332 - Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh is overthrown in a coup d'état with the backing of the United States Central Intelligence Agency, beginning the nearly"
"Mark Antony had Caesar's birth month Quintilis renamed July (') in his honor. After Antony's defeat at Actium, Augustus assumed control of Rome and, finding the priests had (owing to their inclusive counting) been intercalating every third year instead of every fourth, suspended the addition of leap days to the calendar for one or two decades until its proper position had been restored. See Julian calendar: Leap year error. In 8, the plebiscite ""Lex Pacuvia de Mense Augusto"" caused Sextilis to be renamed August (') in his honor. In large part, this calendar continued unchanged under the Roman Empire. (Egyptians"
"nonae of July, the festival of ""Juno Capitolina"" on September 13, because the date of these two was determined by preeminence of Jupiter. Perhaps a second festival of ""Juno Moneta"" was held on October 10, possibly the date of the dedication of her temple. This fact reflects the strict association of the goddess with the beginning of each lunar month. Every year, on the first of March, women held a festival in honor of Juno Lucina called the Matronalia. Lucina was an epithet for Juno as ""she who brings children into light."" On this day, lambs and cattle were sacrificed"
"Thermidor Thermidor () was the eleventh month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word ""thermal"" which comes from the Greek word ""thermos"" which means ""heat"". Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (""mois d'été""). It started July 19 or 20. It ended August 17 or 18. It follows the Messidor and precedes the Fructidor. During Year 2, it was sometimes called Fervidor. Because of the Thermidorian reaction—9 Thermidor Year II—the overthrow of revolutionary radical Maximilien Robespierre and his followers in that month, the word ""Thermidor"" has come to mean a retreat from"
"deaths. In AD 37, Caligula renamed September as ""Germanicus"" after his father; in AD 65, Nero renamed April as ""Neroneus"", May as ""Claudius"" and June as ""Germanicus""; and in AD 84 Domitian renamed September as ""Germanicus"" and October as ""Domitianus"". Commodus was unique in renaming all twelve months after his own adopted names (January to December): ""Amazonius"", ""Invictus"", ""Felix"", ""Pius"", ""Lucius"", ""Aelius"", ""Aurelius"", ""Commodus"", ""Augustus"", ""Herculeus"", ""Romanus"", and ""Exsuperatorius"". The emperor Tacitus is said to have ordered that September, the month of his birth and accession, be renamed after him, but the story is doubtful since he did not become"
"Sextilis (August, after Augustus). According to Suetonius, Tiberius declined the honor of having September named after himself, and October after his mother Livia. Caligula insisted futilely that September be called Germanicus after his father. Domitian (reigned 81–96 AD) also briefly renamed September, the month of his accession as emperor, ""mensis Germanicus"" after the triumph he celebrated over the Germanic Chatti. More sweepingly, in 184 AD Commodus renamed all the months of the year after names and aspects of himself. Cassius Dio lists Amazonius (January), Invictus, Felix, Pius, Lucius, Aelius, Aurelius, Commodus, Augustus, Herculeus, Romanus, and Exsuperatorius. In this sequence, August"
"as حرب تموز ""Ḥarb Tammūz"" (the July War), following the Arab custom of naming the Arab-Israeli wars by months or years. Tammuz (Babylonian calendar) Tammuz was a month in the Babylonian calendar, named for one of the main Babylonian gods, Tammuz (Sumerian: ""Dumuzid"", ""son of life""). Many different calendar systems have since adopted Tammuz to refer to a month in the summer season. In the Hebrew calendar, Tammuz is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a summer month of 29 days. Tammuz is also the"
"Blessed Virgin Mary (17 July)<br> Our Lady Mother of Mercy (Saturday after the 4th Sunday of July)<br> Saint Emygdius (9 August)<br> Saint Philomena (11 August)<br> Our Lady Refuge of Sinners (13 August)<br> Saint John Berchmans (13 August)<br> Saint Roch (16 August)<br> Empress Helena (18 August)<br> Our Lady of Consolation (Saturday after the Feast of St. Augustine)<br> Our Lady Help of the Sick (Saturday after the last Sunday in August)<br> Saint Rose of Viterbo (4 September)<br> Saint Peter Claver (9 September)<br> Saint Gregory the Illuminator (1 October)<br> Purity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (16 October)<br> Feast of the Holy Redeemer (23"
"in honor of Julius Caesar, who had adopted his grand-nephew Octavian, the future Augustus, and made him his heir. It has sometimes been thought that the month has 31 days because Augustus wanted as many days in his month as in his predecessor's, but Sextilis in fact had 31 days since the reform during Caesar's dictatorship that created the Julian calendar. The decree of the Senate ""(senatus consultum)"" renaming Sextilis reads in part: Whereas the emperor Augustus Caesar, in the month of Sextilis, was first admitted to the consulate, and thrice entered the city in triumph, and in the same"
"Saint Joan of Arc (30 May)<br> Our Lady Queen of All Saints and Mother of Fair Love (31 May)<br> Our Lady Mediatrix of All Graces (31 May)<br> Our Lady Queen of the Apostles (Saturday after the Ascension)<br> The Eucharistic Heart of Jesus (Thursday the Sacred Heart)<br> The Immaculate Heart of Mary (Saturday after the Octave of the Sacred Heart of Jesus)<br> Our Lady Mother of Grace (9 June)<br> Saint John Francis Regis (16 June)<br> Our Lady of Prompt Succor (27 June)<br> All Holy Popes (3 July)<br> Saint Lawrence of Brindisi (7 July)<br> Saint Veronica Giuliani (9 July)<br> Humility of the"
"or 7th, depending on the length of the month), the Ides (13th or 15th), and the Kalends (1st of the following month). The Ides occurred near the midpoint, on the 13th for most months, but on the 15th for March, May, July, and October. The Ides were supposed to be determined by the full moon, reflecting the lunar origin of the Roman calendar. On the earliest calendar, the Ides of March would have been the first full moon of the new year. The Ides of each month were sacred to Jupiter, the Romans' supreme deity. The Flamen Dialis, Jupiter's high"
"of the Roman Republic"" (Cornell University Press, 1981), pp. 158–169. Quintilis In the ancient Roman calendar, Quintilis or Quinctilis was the month following Junius (June) and preceding Sextilis (August). ""Quintilis"" is Latin for ""fifth"": it was the fifth month (""quintilis mensis"") in the earliest calendar attributed to Romulus, which began with Martius (""Mars' month,"" March) and had 10 months. After the calendar reform that produced a 12-month year, Quintilis became the seventh month, but retained its name. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar instituted a new calendar (the Julian calendar) that corrected astronomical discrepancies in the old. After his death in"
"gave his name to the third month in the Roman calendar, ""Martius"", from which English ""March"" derives. In the most ancient Roman calendar, ""Martius"" was the first month. The planet Mars was named for him, and in some allegorical and philosophical writings, the planet and the god are endowed with shared characteristics. In many languages, Tuesday is named for the planet Mars or the god of war: In Latin, ""martis dies"" (""Mars's Day""), survived in Romance languages as ""martes"" (Spanish), ""mardi"" (French), ""martedi"" (Italian), ""marţi"" (Romanian), and ""dimarts"" (Catalan). In Irish (Gaelic), the day is ""An Mháirt"", while in Albanian"
"and vice versa. Ancient Roman observances during this month include Cervula, and Juvenalia; celebrated January 1, as well as one of three Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. January (in Latin, ""Ianuarius"") is named after the Latin word for door (""ianua""), since January is the door to the year and an opening to new beginnings. The month is conventionally thought of as being named after Janus, the god of beginnings and transitions in Roman mythology, but according to ancient Roman farmers' almanacs Juno was the tutelary deity"