"Address munging Address munging is the practice of disguising an e-mail address to prevent it from being automatically collected by unsolicited bulk e-mail providers. Address munging is intended to disguise an e-mail address in a way that prevents computer software from seeing the real address, or even any address at all, but still allows a human reader to reconstruct the original and contact the author: an email address such as, ""<nowiki>no-one@example.com</nowiki>"", becomes ""no-one at example dot com"", for instance. Any e-mail address posted in public is likely to be automatically collected by computer software used by bulk emailers (a process"
"people who find ""email"" awkward dropped from the 1990s to the 2010s, and thus the hyphen has been dropped increasingly. For some instances, the consensus depends on occupational speciality or subspecialty. Although ' is still hyphenated by most users (and by both ""Dorland's"" and ""Merriam-Webster's Medical""), the solid styling (""protooncogene"") is gaining popularity, with oncologists and geneticists (for whom the term is most familiar) leading the way. A hyphen can clarify that two adjacent vowels—whether two of the same letter (e.g., ""oo"", ""ee"") or two different letters (e.g., ""ae"", ""ei"")—are pronounced separately rather than being merged in a diphthong. The"
"characters, so the bifid is a digraphic cipher, like the Playfair cipher. To decrypt, the procedure is simply reversed. Longer messages are first broken up into blocks of fixed length, called the period, and the above encryption procedure is applied to each block. One way to detect the period uses bigram statistics on ciphertext letters separated by half the period. For even periods, ""p"", ciphertext letters at a distance of ""p/2"" are influenced by ""two"" plaintext letters, but for odd periods, ""p"", ciphertext letters at distances of ""p/2"" (rounded either up or down) are influenced by ""three"" plaintext letters. Thus,"
"a period. The letter ""X"" is never used as the last group of the text. The “X” is a separate group and IS counted for the check. In a radiogram transmitted by voice, the character is read using the phonetic ""X-ray."" The letter ""R"" is used in place of a decimal in mixed figure groups, as in 7013R5 (7013.5), or 146R670 (146.670). Since the “R” is part of the group it does not qualify as a separate group for the check. (The inclusion of the “R” makes the group a “mixed group” for transmission on voice.) OTHER PUNCTUATION is spelled"
"as in ""NATO"". The logic of this style is that the pronunciation is reflected graphically by the punctuation scheme. When a multiple-letter abbreviation is formed from a single word, periods are in general not used, although they may be common in informal usage. ""TV"", for example, may stand for a ""single"" word (""television"" or ""transvestite"", for instance), and is in general spelled without punctuation (except in the plural). Although ""PS"" stands for the single word ""postscript"" (or the Latin ""postscriptum""), it is often spelled with periods (""P.S.""). The slash ('/', or ""solidus"") is sometimes used to separate the letters in"
"a non-verbal cue that is often used in computer-mediated interactions, in particular in synchronous genres, such as chat. The reason behind its popularity is the fact that it allows people to indicate in writing several functions: Although an ellipsis is technically complete with three periods (...), its rise in popularity as a ""trailing-off"" or ""silence"" indicator, particularly in mid-20th-century comic strip and comic book prose writing, has led to expanded uses online. Today, extended ellipsis anywhere from two to dozens of periods have become common constructions in Internet chat rooms and text messages. The extent of repetition in itself might"
"an outdated computer. He has parodied the question of ""how do you type with boxing gloves on"", which is thought to be one of the most asked questions in the emails he receives. Most of the time a cut-away sequence is used to move the narrative beyond mere typing. Once the events of the email finish unfolding, Strong Bad wraps it up, and then ""The Paper"" or ""New Paper"" comes down with a link to Strong Bad's e-mail address. Often, hidden animations (Easter eggs) are displayed when the user clicks on a word or picture either during the email or"
"a sentence, the ellipsis can also inspire a feeling of melancholy or longing. The most common form of an ellipsis is a row of three periods or full points (...) or a precomposed triple-dot glyph (…). The usage of the em dash (—) can overlap the usage of the ellipsis, especially in dialogue. Style guides often have their own rules governing the use of ellipses. For example, ""The Chicago Manual of Style"" (""Chicago"" style) recommends that an ellipsis be formed by typing three periods, each with a space on both sides ( . . . ), while the ""Associated Press"
"this particular medium of communication: ""Our sense was, is that because [text messages] were informal and had a chatty kind of feeling to them, that a period may have seemed stuffy, too formal, in that context,"" said head researcher Cecelia Klin. The study did not find handwritten notes to be affected. A 2016 story by Jeff Guo in ""The Washington Post"", stated that the line break had become the default method of punctuation in texting, comparable to the use of line breaks in poetry, and that a period at the end of a sentence causes the tone of the message"
"the group is all female. The Real Academia Española disapproves of this usage. In many languages other than English, although most typewriters included the symbol, the use of @ was less common before email became widespread in the mid-1990s. Consequently, it is often perceived in those languages as denoting ""the Internet"", computerization, or modernization in general. маймуна а (""maymunsko a"" – ""monkey A"" or ""ape a""), маймунка (""maimunka"" – ""little monkey""), or баница (""banitsa"" - a pastry roll often made in a shape similar to the character) At sign The at sign"", @, is normally read aloud as ""at""; it"
"or a startler. In hacker culture, the exclamation mark is called ""bang"", ""shriek"", or, in the British slang known as Commonwealth Hackish, ""pling"". For example, the password communicated in the spoken phrase ""Your password is em-nought-pee-aitch-pling-en-three"" is codice_1. The exclamation mark is common to languages using the Latin alphabet, although usage varies slightly between languages. The exclamation mark was also adopted in languages written in other scripts, such as Greek, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Devanagari, but it has never been found in Hindi. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark may be an exclamation (such as ""Wow!"","
"Prepositional phrases in which the literal meaning is preserved are written with the words separated; when used adverbially, especially if the meaning has shifted, they are usually written as a single word: The full stop (period) (.), colon (:), semicolon (;), comma (,), question mark (?), exclamation mark (!), and ellipsis (...) are equivalent in shape to the basic symbols of punctuation (знаки препинания ) used for the common European languages, and follow the same general principles of usage. The colon is used exclusively as a means of introduction, and never, as in slightly archaic English, to mark a periodic"
"that women use exclamation marks more than men do, and one study suggests that, in addition to other uses, exclamation marks may also function as markers of friendly interaction, for example, by making ""Hi!"" or ""Good luck!"" seem friendlier than simply ""Hi."" or ""Good luck."" (with periods). In English writing and often subtitles, a (!) symbol (an exclamation mark within parentheses) implies that a character has made an obviously sarcastic comment e.g.: """"Ooh, a sarcasm detector. That's a"" really useful"" invention(!)"""" It also is used to indicate surprise at one's own experience or statement. In French, next to marking exclamations"
"contain a line with just a period as part of the text, the client sends ""two"" periods every time a line starts with a period; correspondingly, the server replaces every sequence of two periods at the beginning of a line with a single one. Such escaping method is called ""dot-stuffing"". The server's positive reply to the end-of-data, as exemplified, implies that the server has taken the responsibility of delivering the message. A message can be doubled if there is a communication failure at this time, e.g. due to a power shortage: Until the sender has received that 250 reply, it"
"in text messaging and other short-form online communication, where more formal or ""closed"" punctuation can be misinterpreted as aloofness or even hostility. Open punctuation eliminates the need for a period at the end of a stand-alone statement, in an abbreviation or acronym (including personal initials and post-nominal letters, and time-of-day abbreviations), as well as in components of postal addresses. This style also eschews optional commas in sentences, including the serial comma. Open punctuation also frequently drops apostrophes. Open punctuation is used primarily in certain forms of business writing, such as letterhead and envelope addressing, some business letters, and résumés and"
"particular. However, this depends much upon the house style of a particular writer or publisher. As some examples from American style guides, ""The Chicago Manual of Style"" (primarily for book and academic-journal publishing) deprecates the use of full points in acronyms, including ""U.S."", while ""The Associated Press Stylebook"" (primarily for journalism) dispenses with full points in acronyms except for certain two-letter cases, including ""U.S."", ""U.K."", and ""U.N."", but not ""EU"". The period glyph is used in the presentation of numbers, but in only one of two alternate styles at a time. In the more prevalent usage in English-speaking countries, the"
"by a period; then, the final letter(s) of the word are written as lowercase superscripts. This gives the abbreviations n. (singular) and n. (plural). The abbreviation ""no."" is not used, because it might be mistaken for the Spanish word ""no"" (no, not). Furthermore, nro. and núm. are also acceptable abbreviations for ""número"". The numero sign (№) either as a one-character symbol or composed of the letter N plus the superscript “o” character (sometimes underlined or substituted by º) is common in Latin America, where the interpolated period is not used in abbreviations. The masculine ordinal indicator is regularly used combined"
"the first letter of each word is taken, then all letters should be capitalized, as in YTD for ""year-to-date"", PCB for ""printed circuit board"" and FYI for ""for your information"". However, see the following section regarding abbreviations that have become common vocabulary: these are no longer written with capital letters. A period (full stop) is often used to signify an abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this should happen. According to Hart's Rules, the traditional rule is that abbreviations (in the narrow sense that includes only words with the ending, and not the middle, dropped) terminate"
"having messages garbled or misunderstood, as a result of the misplacement or emission of the tiny dot or period."" In British English, the words ""full stop"" at the end of an utterance strengthen it, it admits of no discussion: ""I'm not going with you, full stop."" In American English the word ""period"" serves this function. The practice in the United States and Canada is to place full stops and commas inside quotation marks in most styles. In the British system, which is also called ""logical quotation"", full stops and commas are placed according to grammatical sense: This means that when"
"is written in capitals in a sans serif font of varying size. The font is scaled and sometimes stretched out of proportion to fit the available space. There are many messages (it is uncommon to find more than 3 repeats in a packet of 20). These include: The messages have been updated many times, for example: Most messages are written in simple horizontal, centrally aligned, lines. There are some exceptions to this rule, including the phrase ""I Surrender"", where the word surrender has been written in an arc around the lower inside edge of the heart outline. The ""Just Say"
"than one syllable. ""Syllable"" is an Anglo-Norman variation of Old French ""sillabe"", from Latin ""syllaba"", from Koine Greek ""syllabḗ"" (). means ""what is taken together"", referring to letters that are taken together to make a single sound. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the period marks syllable breaks, such as in the word ""astronomical"" . In practice, however, IPA transcription is typically divided into words by spaces, and often these spaces are also understood to be syllable breaks. In addition, the stress mark is placed immediately before a stressed syllable, and when the stressed syllable is in the middle of"
"represented by C. The listener only needs to discriminate the timing of the taps to isolate letters. Each letter is communicated by tapping two numbers For example, to specify the letter ""B"", one taps once, pauses, and then taps twice. Or to communicate the word ""water"", the cipher would be the following (the pause between each number in a pair is smaller than the pause between letters): The letter ""X"" is used to break up sentences, and ""K"" for acknowledgements. Because of the difficulty and length of time required for specifying a single letter, prisoners often devise abbreviations and acronyms"
"Also it is common to use the combination of a parenthesis and a interrogation symbol as ""(?"" to mark irony A ""SarcMark"" symbol requiring custom computer font software was proposed in 2010. Another method of expressing sarcasm is by placing a tilde (~) adjacent to the punctuation. This allows for easy use with any keyboard, as well as variation. Variations include dry sarcasm (~.), enthusiastic sarcasm (~!), and sarcastic questions (~?). The sports blog ""Card Chronicle"" has adopted this methodology by inserting (~) after the period at the end of the sentence. It has also been adopted by the Udacity"
"Asterisk An asterisk (*); from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ""asteriskos"", ""little star"") is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as star (as, for example, in ""the A* search algorithm"" or ""C*-algebra""). In English, an asterisk is usually five-pointed in sans-serif typefaces, six-pointed in serif typefaces, and six- or eight-pointed when handwritten. It is often used to censor offensive words, and on the Internet, to indicate a correction to a previous message. The asterisk is derived from the need"
"English ⟨?⟩. Stemming from Biblical Hebrew, a ' ⟨ ⟩ is the equivalent of a period, and is used in some writings such as prayer books. Since a ' is absent from the Hebrew keyboard layout, and looks very similar to the colon ⟨:⟩, a colon is often substituted for it. Also coming from Biblical Hebrew, a ""paseq"" ⟨⟩ is used as a word separator. Also not on a standard Hebrew keyboard, a vertical bar ⟨|⟩ is often used instead. The vertical bar, a standard key on any keyboard, is used in English for such applications as mathematics and computing."
"to list sets and ranges of characters to match, a leading caret negates the set and matches only a character not within the list. In Microsoft Access, the asterisk sign matches zero or more characters, the question mark matches a single character, the number sign matches a single digit (), and square brackets can be used for sets or ranges of characters to match. In regular expressions, the period (, also called ""dot"") is the wildcard pattern which matches a single character. Combined with the asterisk operator it will match any number of characters. In this case, the asterisk is"
"key for the numeral 1 or the exclamation point, and some even older ones also lacked the numeral zero. Typists who trained on these machines learned the habit of using the lowercase letter l (""ell"") for the digit 1, and the uppercase O for the zero. A cents symbol (¢) was created by combining (over-striking) a lower case 'c' with a slash character (typing 'c', then backspace, then '/'). Similarly, the exclamation point was created by combining an apostrophe and a period. These characters were omitted to simplify design and reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs; they were chosen specifically because"
"by the advent of printing in Western Europe, the low mark was regular and then universal. The name ""period"" is first attested (as the Latin loanword ""peridos"") in Ælfric of Eynsham's Old English treatment on grammar. There, it is distinguished from the full stop (the ""distinctio"") and continues the Greek underdot's earlier function as a comma between phrases. It shifted its meaning to a dot marking a full stop in the works of the 16th-century grammarians. In 19th-century texts, both British English and American English were consistent in their usage of the terms ""period"" and ""full stop"". The word ""period"""
"to be pronounced the same as epsilon. In essence, the uppercase form of epsilon looks identical to Latin E. The lowercase version has two typographical variants, both inherited from medieval Greek handwriting. One, the most common in modern typography and inherited from medieval minuscule, looks like a reversed ""3"". The other, also known as lunate or uncial epsilon and inherited from earlier uncial writing, looks like a semicircle crossed by a horizontal bar. While in normal typography these are just alternative font variants, they may have different meanings as mathematical symbols. Computer systems therefore offer distinct encodings for them. In"
"to the consumer"". The EU Cosmetics Directive defines in Annex VIIIa the language-neutral open-jar symbol, which manufacturers should use to indicate this period. The time period is most often represented compactly as a number of months, followed by the letter ""M"", as in ""36M"" for a period of thirty-six months, written either onto the front side of the depicted pot or to the right or bottom of it. The letter ""M"" is the initial for the word month not only in English, but also in many other European languages. It is also used in the ISO 8601 duration notation. Period-after-opening"
"number, e.g., ""January twenty-first, twenty sixteen""), with the historical rationale that the year was often of lesser importance. The most commonly used separator in the all-numeric form is the slash (/), although the hyphen (-) and period (.) have also emerged in the all-numeric format recently due to globalization. The Chicago Manual of Style discourages writers from writing all-numeric dates in this format, since it is not comprehensible to readers outside the United States. The day-month-year order has been increasing in usage since the early 1980s. The month is usually written as an abbreviated name, as in ""19 Jul 1922"""
"symbol. The symbol is an elongated S, representing the Latin word ""Summa"", meaning ""sum"". When finding areas under curves, integration is often illustrated by dividing the area into infinitely many tall, thin rectangles, whose areas are added. Thus, the integral symbol is an elongated s, for sum. Letters of the alphabet in this time were to be used as symbols of quantity; and although much diversity existed with respect to the choice of letters, there were to be several universally recognized rules in the following history. Here thus in the history of equations the first letters of the alphabet were"
"Question mark The question mark [ ? ] (also known as ""interrogation point"", ""query"", or ""eroteme"" in journalism) is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions. The question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at . Lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York. Truss describes the ""punctus interrogativus"" of the late 8th century as, ""a lightning flash, striking from right to left""."