"folds will tend to break the linen threads. This wear can show up in collars, hems, and any area that is iron creased during laundering. Linen has poor elasticity and does not spring back readily, explaining why it wrinkles so easily. Linen fabrics have a high natural luster; their natural color ranges between shades of ivory, ecru, tan, or grey. Pure white linen is created by heavy bleaching. Linen fabric typically varies somewhat in thickness and is crisp and textured, but it can in some cases feel stiff and rough, and in other cases feel soft and smooth. When properly"
"in Europe since January 1977), with E number E121 before 1977 and E182 after. Its CAS number is . Its chemical formula is CHNO. It forms dark brown crystals. It is a mixture of phenoxazone derivates - hydroxyorceins, aminoorceins, and aminoorceinimines. Cudbear is a dye extracted from orchil lichens that produces colours in the purple range. It can be used to dye wool and silk, without the use of mordant. Cudbear was developed by Dr Cuthbert Gordon of Scotland: production began in 1758, and it was patented in 1758, British patent 727. The lichen is first boiled in a solution"
"Eosin methylene blue Eosin methylene blue (EMB, also known as ""Levine's formulation"") is a selective stain for gram-negative bacteria. EMB contains dyes that are toxic to gram-positive bacteria. EMB is the selective and differential medium for coliforms. It is a blend of two stains, eosin and methylene blue in the ratio of 6:1. A common application of this stain is in the preparation of EMB agar, a differential microbiological medium, which slightly inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and provides a color indicator distinguishing between organisms that ferment lactose (e.g., ""E. coli"") and those that do not (e.g., ""Salmonella"", ""Shigella"")."
"Beige Beige is variously described as a pale sandy fawn color, a grayish tan, a light-grayish yellowish brown, or a pale to grayish yellow. It takes its name from French, where the word originally meant natural wool that has been neither bleached nor dyed, and hence also the color of natural wool. It has come to be used to describe a variety of light tints chosen for their neutral or pale warm appearance. ""Beige"" was used as a color term in the modern sense in France beginning approximately 1855-60; the writer Edmond de Goncourt used it in the novel ""La"
"Alkannin Alkannin is a natural dye that is obtained from the extracts of plants from the borage family ""Alkanna tinctoria"" that are found in the south of France. The dye is used as a food coloring and in cosmetics. It is used as a red-brown food additive in regions such as Australia, and is designated in Europe as the E number E103, but is no longer approved for use. Alkannin has a deep red color in a greasy or oily environment and a violet color in an alkaline environment. The chemical structure as a naphthoquinone derivative was first determined by"
"goddess of the dawn. There are actually two very closely related compounds commonly referred to as eosin. Most often used is Eosin Y (also known as eosin Y ws, eosin yellowish, Acid Red 87, C.I. 45380, bromoeosine, bromofluoresceic acid, D&C Red No. 22); it has a very slightly yellowish cast. The other eosin compound is eosin B (eosin bluish, Acid Red 91, C.I. 45400, Saffrosine, Eosin Scarlet, or imperial red); it has a very faint bluish cast. The two dyes are interchangeable, and the use of one or the other is a matter of preference and tradition. Eosin Y is"
"Quercitron Quercitron is a yellow natural dye obtained from the bark of the Eastern Black Oak (""Quercus velutina""), a forest tree indigenous in North America. The name is a shortened form of quercicitron, from Latin ""quercus"", oak, and ""citron"", lemon, and was invented by Edward Bancroft (1744–1821), who by act of parliament in 1785 was granted special privileges in regard to the importation and use of the substance. The dyestuff is prepared by grinding the bark in mills after it has been freed from its black epidermal layer, and sifting the product to separate the fibrous matter, the fine yellow"
"The Bibby Line and the Fyffes Line are two of several firms to use the same ""buff with a black top"" scheme as White Star, but with a similar lack of certainty as to the exact shade used and how this differed from the famous White Star scheme. Buff (colour) Buff is the pale orange-brown colour of the undyed leather of several animals. As an RYB quaternary colour, it is the colour produced by an equal mix of the tertiary colours citron and russet. The first recorded use of the word ""buff"" to describe a colour was in ""The London"
"high perishability of linen cloth and the solubility of hide glue. Well-known and relatively well-preserved — though substantially damaged — the most notable examples include Quentin Matsys' ""Virgin and Child with Saints Barbara and Catherine"" (c. 1515-25) and Dirk Bouts' ""Entombment"" (c. 1440-55). In German the technique is known as ""Tüchleinfarben"", meaning “small cloth colours”, or ""Tüchlein"", derived from the German words ""Tüch"" and ""Lein"" (""fabric"" and ""flax""). A binding agent for pigment was made by boiling animal skin mixed with other organic tissue and applied to linen, itself prepared with a thin layer of glue. The linen was ground,"
"1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone. It is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. It is formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacement of three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. Purpurin is also called verantin, smoke Brown G, hydroxylizaric acid, and C.I. 58205. It is a minor component of the classical lake pigment ""madder lake"" or Rose Madder. Madder root has been used for dying cloth at least since 1500 BC. Purpurin and alizarin were isolated from the root by Pierre Robiquet and Colin, two French chemists, in 1826. They were identified as anthracene derivatives by Gräbe and Liebermann"
"which it is made. Alizarin (PR83) is a pigment that was first synthesized in 1868 by the German chemists Carl Gräbe and Carl Liebermann and replaced the natural pigment madder lake. Alizarin crimson is a dye bonded onto alum which is then used as a pigment and mixed with ochre, sienna and umber. It is not totally colorfast. The word ""crimson"" has been recorded in English since 1400, and its earlier forms include ""cremesin"", ""crymysyn"" and ""cramoysin"" (cf. cramoisy, a crimson cloth). These were adapted via Old Spanish from the Medieval Latin ""cremesinus"" (also ""kermesinus"" or ""carmesinus""), the dye produced"
"Isabelline (colour) Isabelline , also known as isabella, is a pale grey-yellow, pale fawn, pale cream-brown or parchment colour. It is primarily found in animal coat colouring, particularly plumage colour in birds and, in Europe, in horses. It also has historically been applied to fashion. The first known record of the word was in 1600 as ""isabella colour""; this use later became interchangeable in literature with ""isabelline"" after the latter was introduced into print in 1859. The origin of the word is unclear; the uncertainty prompted by this has generated several attempts to provide an etymology and led to one"
"methylene blue (dye), and agar. There are also EMB agars that do not contain lactose. Eosin methylene blue Eosin methylene blue (EMB, also known as ""Levine's formulation"") is a selective stain for gram-negative bacteria. EMB contains dyes that are toxic to gram-positive bacteria. EMB is the selective and differential medium for coliforms. It is a blend of two stains, eosin and methylene blue in the ratio of 6:1. A common application of this stain is in the preparation of EMB agar, a differential microbiological medium, which slightly inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and provides a color indicator distinguishing between"
"of ""sienna"" as a colour name in English was in 1760. Like the other earth colours, such as yellow ochre and umber, sienna is a clay containing iron oxide, called limonite, which in its natural state has a yellowish colour. In addition to iron oxide, natural or raw sienna also contains about five percent of manganese oxide, which makes it darker than ochre. When heated, the iron oxide is dehydrated and turns partially to haematite, which gives it a reddish-brown colour. Sienna is lighter in shade than raw umber, which is also clay with iron oxide, but which has a"
"Eosin Eosin is the name of several fluorescent acidic compounds which bind to and form salts with basic, or eosinophilic, compounds like proteins containing amino acid residues such as arginine and lysine, and stains them dark red or pink as a result of the actions of bromine on fluorescein. In addition to staining proteins in the cytoplasm, it can be used to stain collagen and muscle fibers for examination under the microscope. Structures that stain readily with eosin are termed eosinophilic. The name Eosin comes from Eos, the Ancient Greek word for 'dawn' and the name of the Ancient Greek"
"Eisengarn Eisengarn, meaning ""iron yarn"" in English, is a light-reflecting, strong, waxed-cotton thread. It was invented and manufactured in Germany in the mid-19th century, but is now most well known for its use in cloth woven for the tubular-steel chairs designed by Marcel Breuer while he was a teacher at the Bauhaus design school. The yarn is also known as Glanzgarn ('gloss' or 'glazed' yarn). Despite the name, there is no iron in ""eisengarn"". The name refers to its strength and metallic shine. It is made by soaking cotton threads in a starch and paraffin wax solution. The threads are"
"eXtended (TPX)"" color list, color #19-1518 TPX—Puce. Puce Puce is a dark red or purple brown color, a brownish purple or a ""dark reddish brown."" ""Puce"" is the French word for ""flea"". The color is said to be the color of bloodstains on linen or bedsheets, even after being laundered, from a flea's droppings, or after a flea has been crushed. The ""Oxford English Dictionary"" (""OED"") dates the first English use of ""puce"" as a color to 1778. The name comes from the French word ""puce"", or flea, which comes from the Latin words for flea, ""pulicem"" or ""pulex"". According"
"Ebonite Ebonite is a brand name for very hard rubber first obtained by vulcanizing natural rubber for prolonged periods. Besides natural rubber, Ebonite contains about 25–80% sulfur and linseed oil. Its name comes from its intended use as an artificial substitute for ebony wood.The material is known generically as hard rubber and has formerly been called ""vulcanite"", although that name now refers to the mineral vulcanite. Charles Goodyear's brother Nelson Goodyear experimented with the chemistry of ebonite composites. In 1851 he used zinc oxide as a filler. The sulfur percentage and the applied temperatures and duration during vulcanizing are the"
"Alizarin Alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (also known as Mordant Red 11 and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus. In 1869, it became the first natural dye to be produced synthetically. Alizarin is the main ingredient for the manufacture of the madder lake pigments known to painters as Rose madder and Alizarin crimson. Alizarin in the most common usage of the term has a deep red color, but the term is"
"Bromine Bromine is a chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured gas. Its properties are thus intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. Isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig (in 1825) and Antoine Jérôme Balard (in 1826), its name was derived from the Ancient Greek βρῶμος (""stench""), referencing its sharp and disagreeable smell. Elemental bromine is very reactive and thus does not occur free in nature, but in colourless soluble crystalline mineral halide salts,"
"betanin is stable in the presence of oxygen. Betanin Betanin, or Beetroot Red, is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets; its aglycone, obtained by hydrolyzing away the glucose molecule, is betanidin. As a food additive, its E number is E162. The color of betanin depends on pH; between four and five it is bright bluish-red, becoming blue-violet as the pH increases. Once the pH reaches alkaline levels betanin degrades by hydrolysis, resulting in a yellow-brown color. Betanin is a betalain pigment, together with isobetanin, probetanin, and neobetanin. Other pigments contained in beet are indicaxanthin and vulgaxanthins. Betanin is"
"Lincoln green Lincoln green is the colour of dyed woollen cloth associated with Robin Hood and his merry men in Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire. The dyers of Lincoln, a cloth town in the high Middle Ages, produced the cloth by dyeing it with woad (""Isatis tinctoria"") to give it a strong blue, then overdyeing it yellow with weld (""Reseda luteola"") or dyers' broom, ""Genista tinctoria"". ""Coventry blue"" and ""Kendal green"" were other colours linked with the dyers of English towns. The first recorded use of ""Lincoln green"" as a colour name in English was in 1510. By the late sixteenth century,"
"Euclase Euclase is a beryllium aluminium hydroxide silicate mineral (BeAlSiO(OH)). It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and is typically massive to fibrous as well as in slender prismatic crystals. It is related to beryl (BeAlSiO) and other beryllium minerals. It is a product of the decomposition of beryl in pegmatites. Euclase crystals are noted for their blue color, ranging from very pale to dark blue. The mineral may also be colorless, white, or light green. Cleavage is perfect, parallel to the clinopinacoid, and this suggested to René Just Haüy the name euclase, from the Greek , easily, and ,"
"Carmine Carmine ( or ), also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color. The pigment is produced from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale and certain ""Porphyrophora"" species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics, and some medications. It is routinely added to food products such as yogurt, candy"
"Betanin Betanin, or Beetroot Red, is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets; its aglycone, obtained by hydrolyzing away the glucose molecule, is betanidin. As a food additive, its E number is E162. The color of betanin depends on pH; between four and five it is bright bluish-red, becoming blue-violet as the pH increases. Once the pH reaches alkaline levels betanin degrades by hydrolysis, resulting in a yellow-brown color. Betanin is a betalain pigment, together with isobetanin, probetanin, and neobetanin. Other pigments contained in beet are indicaxanthin and vulgaxanthins. Betanin is usually obtained from the extract of beet juice;"
"Buff (colour) Buff is the pale orange-brown colour of the undyed leather of several animals. As an RYB quaternary colour, it is the colour produced by an equal mix of the tertiary colours citron and russet. The first recorded use of the word ""buff"" to describe a colour was in ""The London Gazette"" of 1686, describing a uniform to be ""...a Red Coat with a Buff-colour'd lining"". It referred to the colour of undyed buffalo leather, such as soldiers wore as some protection: an eyewitness to the death in the Battle of Edgehill (1642) of Sir Edmund Verney noted ""he"
"chlorinated phthalocyanine. It is a very soft green powder insoluble in water. The color ""jet"", also called ""jet black"", is a representation of the color of the mineraloid jet. The first recorded use of ""jet"" as a color name in English was in 1450. ""Black leather jacket"" is the color called ""leather jacket"" by Crayola. The color ""black leather jacket"" is a representation of the color of a black leather jacket. This color was introduced by Crayola in 1994 as one of the colors in its specialty Crayola Magic Scent crayons. Raisin black is a color that is a representation"
"a color name in English was in 1923. Harlequin is a pure spectral color at approximately 552 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram. Silver Patron tequila is sold in harlequin-colored boxes. ""Harlequin"" is also an adjective used to describe something that is colored in a pattern, usually a diamond-shaped pattern, as in the dress traditionally associated with harlequins. Similarly, it can mean anything multicolored or prismatic, such as opals or other precious gems which are highly variegated in color and hue. In the early 2000s, a harlequin color paint was invented for automobiles that"
"which is extremely irritating to skin, eyes, lungs and mucus membranes. Ethylenediamine Ethylenediamine (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula CH(NH). This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a strongly basic amine. It is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000 tonnes produced in 1998. Ethylenediamine readily reacts with moisture in humid air to produce a corrosive, toxic and irritating mist, to which even short exposures can cause serious damage to health (see safety). Ethylenediamine is the first member of the so-called polyethylene amines. Ethylenediamine is produced industrially by"
"2,3,5,6,8-Pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione 2,3,5,6,8-Pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione, also called 2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or spinochrome D, is an organic compound with formula , formally derived from 1,4-naphthoquinone through the replacement of five hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. Spinochrome D occurs naturally as a brownish red pigment in the shell and spines of sea urchins such as the Japanese ""aka-uni"" (""Pseudocentrotus depressus""). It is soluble in diethyl ether and crystallizes as brownish red needles that sublime at 285−295 °C. The compound gives a yellowish brown solution when treated with sodium hydroxide, a bluish green solution with ferric chloride, and a violet precipitate with lead acetate. It forms a"
"of Marcel Breuer. Eisengarn, meaning ""iron yarn"" in English, is a very strong, durable, waxed cotton material. No iron is actually in the cloth. Fabric made from the yarn is shiny and highly tear-resistant. The material was originally developed in Germany in the mid-19th century and by 1875 was being manufactured in some quantity, however Margaretha Reichardt improved the quality while she was at the Bauhaus and it was used by Marcel Breuer on his tubular steel chairs. Reichardt's improved version of eisengarn was also used as a covering for airplane seats in the 1930s. She also helped develop types"
"""Pinna nobilis"", a large Mediterranean clam. Pliny the Elder describes the production of linen from flax and hemp. After harvesting, the plant stems were retted to loosen the outer layers and internal fibres, stripped, pounded and then smoothed. Following this, the materials were woven. Flax, like wool, came in various speciality grades and qualities. In Pliny's opinion, the whitest (and best) was imported from Spanish Saetabis; at double the price, the strongest and most long-lasting was from Retovium. The whitest and softest was produced in Latium, Falerii and Paelignium. Natural linen was a ""greyish brown"" that faded to off-white through"
"Olive (color) Olive is a dark yellowish-green color, like that of unripe or green olives. As a color word in the English language, it appears in late Middle English. Shaded toward gray, it becomes olive drab. Olivine is the typical color of the mineral olivine. The first recorded use of ""olivine"" as a color name in English was in 1912. Olive drab is variously described as a ""dull olive-green colour"" (""Oxford English Dictionary""); ""a shade of greenish-brown"" (""Webster's New World Dictionary""); ""a dark gray-green"" (""MacMillan English dictionary""); ""a grayish olive to dark olive brown or olive gray"" (""American Heritage Dictionary"");"