"his saintly image. ""Why Orwell Matters"" (released in the United Kingdom as ""Orwell's Victory"") was published by Christopher Hitchens in 2002. In 2003, the centenary of Orwell's birth resulted in biographies by Gordon Bowker and D. J. Taylor, both academics and writers in the United Kingdom. Taylor notes the stage management which surrounds much of Orwell's behaviour and Bowker highlights the essential sense of decency which he considers to have been Orwell's main motivation. George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist,"
"political risks from individuals, groups or states that disagree with them); or to make their name better suit another language. Examples of well-known writers who used a pen name include: George Eliot (1819–1880), whose real name was Mary Anne (or Marian) Evans; George Orwell (1903–1950), whose real name was Eric Blair; George Sand (1804–1876), whose real name was Lucile Aurore Dupin; Dr. Seuss (1904–1991), whose real name was Theodor Seuss Geisel; Stendhal (1783–1842), whose real name was Marie-Henri Beyle and Mark Twain (1835–1910), whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Apart from the large numbers of works attributable only to"
"known under his pen name George Orwell. Astor bought both burial plots when he learned that Orwell had asked to be buried in an English country churchyard. David Astor Francis David Langhorne Astor CH (5 March 1912 – 7 December 2001) was an English newspaper publisher and member of the Astor family. David Astor was born in London, England, the third child of American-born English parents, Waldorf Astor (1879–1952) and Nancy Witcher Langhorne (1879–1964). The product of an immensely wealthy business dynasty, and raised in the grandeur of a great country estate where the political and intellectual elite gathered, he"
"(1903–1950), better known by his pen name, George Orwell. As a child, he fished in a local stream. He requested to be buried in an English country churchyard of the nearest church to where he died. However, he died in London, and none of the local churches had any space in their graveyards. Thinking that he might have to be cremated against his wishes, his widow asked her friends whether they knew of a church that had space for him. David Astor was a friend of Orwell and was able to arrange his burial in Sutton Courtenay, a 'classic English"
"the Campbells gradually sold the island as a number of separate estates, and the Campbell connection with Jura ended in 1938 with the sale of Jura House and its surrounding Ardfin Estate. In his later life, George Orwell moved to Barnhill, on Jura, living there intermittently from 1946, while critically ill with tuberculosis, until his death in January 1950. He was known to the residents of Jura by his real name, Eric Blair. It was at Barnhill that Orwell finished ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"", during 1947–48; he sent the final typescript to his publishers, Secker and Warburg, on 4 December 1948, and"
"2008 from the ""London Evening Standard"". The predecessor of the ""Henley Standard"", first published in 1885, was ""The Henley Free Press"". It became the ""Henley and South Oxfordshire Standard"" in 1892. Its name was shortened in 1956 to the ""Henley Standard"". The ""Henley and South Oxfordshire Standard"" was the first organ to publish works by the author George Orwell. These were poems that the author, under his real name of Eric Blair, wrote when he was 10 years old on the outbreak of war in 1914 and when he was 12 on the death of Lord Kitchener in 1916. Henley"
"answer to ""dishwasher"" than ""down & out""."" At the last minute, Gollancz shortened the title to ""Down and Out in Paris and London"". The author, after possibilities including ""X,"" ""P.S. Burton"" (an alias Orwell had used on tramping expeditions), ""Kenneth Miles"" and ""H. Lewis Allways"" had been considered, was renamed ""George Orwell."" Orwell did not wish to publish under his own name Eric Blair, and Orwell was the name he used from then on for his main works—although many periodical articles were still published under the name Eric Blair. ""Down and Out in Paris and London"" was published on 9"
"newspaper owner David Astor and novelist George Orwell (under his real name of Eric Arthur Blair). Writer Bill Bryson visited the graveyard, and commented in his book ""Notes from a Small Island"" ""How remarkable it is that in a single village churchyard you find the graves of two men of global stature."" Asquith, who died in 1928, is buried in a large stone chest tomb south of the chancel. He wanted his grave to be at Sutton Courtenay rather than in Westminster Abbey, and was buried after a simple church service. Margot Asquith was buried with him in 1945. Orwell"
"wife Eileen O'Shaughnessy in 1945. Although Koestler had supported such a match, Kirwan turned him down. Orwell based his list on a strictly private notebook he had maintained since the mid-1940s of possible ""cryptos"", ""F.T."" (his abbreviation for fellow travellers), outright members of the Communist Party of Great Britain, agents and sentimental sympathisers. The notebook, now at the Orwell Archive at University College London, contains 135 names in all, including US writers and politicians. Ten names had been crossed out, either because the person had died or because Orwell had decided that they were neither crypto-communists nor fellow travellers. The"
"Barnhill, Jura Barnhill is a farmhouse situated at in the north of the island of Jura in the Scottish Hebrides. It stands on the site of a larger 15th-century settlement called Cnoc an t-Sabhail; the English name Barnhill having been in use since the early twentieth century. The house was the home of the English essayist and novelist George Orwell, who lived there intermittently from 1946 until his death in 1950, and who completed his novel ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"" while living there. Barnhill is a site of interest for many who are familiar with the life and writing of George Orwell."
"Barnhill, Jura Barnhill is a farmhouse situated at in the north of the island of Jura in the Scottish Hebrides. It stands on the site of a larger 15th-century settlement called Cnoc an t-Sabhail; the English name Barnhill having been in use since the early twentieth century. The house was the home of the English essayist and novelist George Orwell, who lived there intermittently from 1946 until his death in 1950, and who completed his novel ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"" while living there. Barnhill is a site of interest for many who are familiar with the life and writing of George Orwell."
"A Hanging A Hanging (1931) is a short essay written by George Orwell, first published in August 1931 in the British literary magazine ""The Adelphi"". Set in Burma, where Orwell (under his real name of Eric Arthur Blair) had served in the British Imperial Police from 1922 to 1927, it describes the execution of a criminal. The condemned man is given no name, nor is it explained what crime he has committed. For the British police who supervise his execution, the hanging is an unpleasant but routine piece of business. The narrator takes no active part in the hanging, and"
"A Hanging A Hanging (1931) is a short essay written by George Orwell, first published in August 1931 in the British literary magazine ""The Adelphi"". Set in Burma, where Orwell (under his real name of Eric Arthur Blair) had served in the British Imperial Police from 1922 to 1927, it describes the execution of a criminal. The condemned man is given no name, nor is it explained what crime he has committed. For the British police who supervise his execution, the hanging is an unpleasant but routine piece of business. The narrator takes no active part in the hanging, and"
"names Orwell included in his list of Crypto-Communists and Fellow-Travellers sent to the Information Research Department in 1949. Born Hans Peter Smolka in Vienna in 1912, he came to Britain in 1933 as an NKVD agent with the codename 'Abo', became a naturalised British subject in 1938, changed his name, and after the outbreak of World War II joined the Ministry of Information where he organised pro-Soviet propaganda, working with Kim Philby in 1943–45. Smollett's family have rejected the accusation that he was a spy. The publisher wrote to Orwell, saying: Frederic Warburg also faced pressures against publication, even from"
"by helpful young ladies. Two of the women at the magazine were Clarissa Eden and Sonia Brownell, and Brownell met author George Orwell (whose real name was Eric Blair) through ""Horizon"" and later married him. Contributors included: 102 of the magazine's 120-issue run are available for browsing on the UNZ archive website. Horizon (magazine) Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art was a literary magazine published in London, UK, between December 1939 and January 1950. Published every four weeks, it was edited by Cyril Connolly, who made it into a platform for a wide range of distinguished and emerging writers."
"Sol Orwell Sol Orwell is an entrepreneur and business developer, most known for his work as the co-founder of Examine.com. He was recognized as a 2014 Game Changer by Men’s Fitness and profiled by Forbes as a seven-figure entrepreneur. Orwell was born Ahmed Farooq in Pakistan. His father worked for a petrochemical company and traveled frequently. As a result, Orwell lived in Saudi Arabia, Japan and Houston, Texas before attending high school in Canada. By the time he graduated and began studying computer engineering at the University of Toronto, Orwell was running several popular gaming-related websites. The success of his"
"Eric & Us Eric & Us is a 1974 memoir by Jacintha Buddicom recalling her childhood friendship with Eric Blair, the real name of author George Orwell. Buddicom first met Blair when he was eleven and he became very close to her family. Their friendship lasted until Blair became a policeman in Burma and the two lost touch. Blair and Buddicom never saw one another again and did not get in touch until 1949, shortly before Orwell's death from tuberculosis. Buddicom's memoir, as well as recalling her relationship with Orwell, shows her disappointment in some of the views he took"
"has also hosted a Sausage Showdown, with proceeds going to Community Food Centres Canada. Sol Orwell Sol Orwell is an entrepreneur and business developer, most known for his work as the co-founder of Examine.com. He was recognized as a 2014 Game Changer by Men’s Fitness and profiled by Forbes as a seven-figure entrepreneur. Orwell was born Ahmed Farooq in Pakistan. His father worked for a petrochemical company and traveled frequently. As a result, Orwell lived in Saudi Arabia, Japan and Houston, Texas before attending high school in Canada. By the time he graduated and began studying computer engineering at the"
"in November 1932, regarding the future publication of ""Down and Out in Paris and London"", that Eric Blair first came up with the pseudonym ""George Orwell"". According to the historian Daniel J. Leab, some 500 of Orwell's letters to his agent have survived, of which nearly 100 were acquired by the Lilly Library in 1959. Leonard Moore (literary agent) Leonard Parker Moore (died January 1959) was a literary agent. A partner of Christy & Moore and of the Lecture Agency, Ltd., his clients included George Orwell (from 1932 to 1950), Gordon Campbell, Mary Butts, Georgette Heyer (for nearly 30 years"
"to take it over. The Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act was passed in 1865 and led to a publicly funded fire service – the first real London fire brigade. George Orwell lived as a tramp to gain a first-hand view of poverty. He befriended a man called Ginger in the hop-fields of Kent. They came to a ""kip"" (doss-house) in Tooley Street and stayed there from 19 September to 8 October 1931. Orwell wrote rough notes in the kip then went further along Tooley Street to Bermondsey Library where he wrote them up into the book ""Down and Out in Paris"
"has given me a good many privileges; valuable privileges; privileges which are not granted to younger persons. Little by little I hope to get together courage enough to wear white clothes all through the winter, in New York. It will be a great satisfaction to me to show off in this way; and perhaps the largest of all the satisfactions will be the knowledge that every scoffer, of my sex, will secretly envy me and wish he dared to follow my lead. Mark Twain Mark Twain (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was an"
"""Journals of Ayn Rand"", edited by David Harriman, include a detailed description of Rand attending a New York lecture by Laski, as part of gathering material for her novel, following which she changed the physical appearance of the fictional Toohey to fit that of the actual Laski. Laski had a tortuous writing style. George Orwell, in his 1946 essay ""Politics and the English Language"" cited, as his first example of extremely bad writing, a 53-word sentence from Laski's ""Essay in Freedom of Expression"" that contains five negative phrases. Harold Laski Harold Joseph Laski (30 June 1893 – 24 March 1950)"
"the Hitler–Stalin non-aggression pact in 1939 and criticised the Brigade as willing accomplices of the Communist secret police, who were killing off anyone who criticized the Party. Two other novels touch on his experience in Spain: ""Love and Terror"" (1981) and ""Kill Memory"" (1983). His autobiography is entitled ""Jumping the Line: The Adventures and Misadventures of an American Radical"" (1998). William Herrick (novelist) William Herrick (Trenton, NJ, January 10, 1915 – Old Chatham, NY, January 31, 2004) was an American novelist, sometimes referred to as ""an American Orwell"". Herrick was born to Jewish parents who had come to the United"
"Eric Corley Eric Gordon Corley (born December 16, 1959), also frequently referred to by his pen name of Emmanuel Goldstein, is a figure in the hacker community. He directs the non-profit organization 2600 Enterprises, Inc., publishes a magazine called """" (which has associated monthly meet-ups around the world), and hosts the hacker convention Hackers on Planet Earth (HOPE). His pseudonym is derived from the fictional opposition leader in George Orwell's dystopian novel ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"". In 1993, Corley testified before the United States House of Representatives Subcommittee on Telecommunications. Corley was questioned in relation to the content of ""2600"" as part"
"play entitled ""Inside the Whale"" (named after the essay by George Orwell). Seelig founded a ""nebulous, unofficial organization"" known as the ""Silly Society of Stanford"" and seems to represent the university's ""stoners and poets"" in a New Yorker article that recounts his inability to identify classmate and celebrated golfer Tiger Woods. Seelig's early years in theatre include directorial apprenticeships at the Arts Club in Vancouver and the Tarragon Theatre in Toronto. An early poem was published in Saul Bellow and Keith Botsford's ""The Republic of Letters"". Born in Vancouver, Seelig is the son of an Israeli father and American mother."
"Robert Jordan James Oliver Rigney Jr. (October 17, 1948 – September 16, 2007), better known by his pen name Robert Jordan, was an American author of epic fantasy. He is best known for the ""Wheel of Time"" series, which comprises 14 books and a prequel novel. He is one of several writers to have written original Conan the Barbarian novels; his are highly acclaimed to this day. Rigney also wrote historical fiction under his pseudonym Reagan O'Neal, a western as Jackson O'Reilly, and dance criticism as Chang Lung. Additionally, he ghostwrote an ""international thriller"" that is still believed to have"
"reprinted after his death. My Country Right or Left ""My Country Right or Left"" is an essay published in 1940 by the English author George Orwell. In it Orwell seeks to reconcile his intense feeling of patriotism and his left-wing views. The essay was written after the outbreak of the Second World War at a time when many of Orwell's circle had to reconsider their pacifist views. Orwell was eleven when the First World War broke out. Some of his recollections quoted in the essay he used in the novel ""Coming Up for Air"" published in 1939. Orwell had a"
"of personal and political reasons: For the first drafts of the book, I kept my birth name off the title page. The old me wasn’t writing this book. Something was different. Something had changed. I had always admired George Orwell, and had read his collected essays and letters countless times. When Eric Blair became Orwell, he was set free, liberated from his Eton education and colonial policeman past. And there was another factor about the title page that troubled me. I was telling my readers that this new system of information technology was going to destroy our privacy, and that"
"My Country Right or Left ""My Country Right or Left"" is an essay published in 1940 by the English author George Orwell. In it Orwell seeks to reconcile his intense feeling of patriotism and his left-wing views. The essay was written after the outbreak of the Second World War at a time when many of Orwell's circle had to reconsider their pacifist views. Orwell was eleven when the First World War broke out. Some of his recollections quoted in the essay he used in the novel ""Coming Up for Air"" published in 1939. Orwell had a traditional English upper-middle-class upbringing"
"Robert Henry Newell Robert Henry Newell (December 13, 1836 – July 1901) was a popular 19th century American humorist. During the U.S. Civil War, Newell wrote a series of satirical articles using the pseudonym Orpheus C. Kerr, commenting on the war and contemporary society. His articles appeared weekly in the New York ""Sunday Mercury"", where he was the literary editor until 1862, and were published in a series of books. Among other newspapers he worked at, from 1869–74 he wrote for the ""New York World"". From ~1862–65, he was married to famous actress Adah Isaacs Menken. The name ""Orpheus C."
"Orwell's list In 1949, shortly before he died, the English author George Orwell prepared a list of notable writers and other persons he considered to be unsuitable as possible writers for the anti-communist counter-propaganda activities of the United Kingdom's Information Research Department. A copy of the list was published in ""The Guardian"" in 2002, and the original document was released by the Foreign Office soon after. The Information Research Department (IRD) was a propaganda unit set up by the Labour government in 1948 at the Foreign Office, after the start of the Cold War. Celia Kirwan, a close friend of"
"Richard Llewellyn Richard Dafydd Vivian Llewellyn Lloyd (8 December 1906 – 30 November 1983), known by his pen name Richard Llewellyn (), was a British novelist. Llewellyn was born of Welsh parents in Hendon, Middlesex, in 1906. Only after his death was it discovered that his claim that he was born in St Davids, West Wales, was false. In the U.S., Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association. He lived a peripatetic life, travelling widely throughout his life. Before World War II, he spent periods working in hotels,"
"17 April. One of Orwell's biographers, Bernard Crick, thought there were 86 names in the list and that some of the names were written in the hand of Koestler, who also co-operated with the IRD in producing anti-Communist propaganda. Orwell was an ex-colonial policeman in Burma and according to Timothy Garton Ash, he liked making lists: 'In a ""London Letter"" to ""Partisan Review"" in 1942 he wrote, ""I think I could make out at least a preliminary list of the people who would go over to the Nazi side if the Germans occupied England.""' The British press had known about"