"know that the books related to people of the neighbourhood. The Brontës used their neighbours as inspiration for characters in many of their books. Anne Brontë published ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"" under the name Acton Bell. Charlotte Brontë published ""Shirley"" and ""Jane Eyre"" under the name Currer Bell. Emily Brontë published ""Wuthering Heights"" as Ellis Bell. A well-known example of the former is Mary Ann Evans, who wrote as George Eliot. Another example is Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, a 19th-century French writer who used the pen name George Sand. In contrast, some twentieth and twenty first century male romance"
"each other, while Charlotte was excluded from their privacy. Around this time she had written one of her most famous poems ""No coward soul is mine"", probably as an answer to the violation of her privacy and her own transformation into a published writer. Despite Charlotte's later claim, it was not her last poem. In 1846, the sisters' poems were published in one volume as ""Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell"". The Brontë sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication, preserving their initials: Charlotte was ""Currer Bell"", Emily was ""Ellis Bell"" and Anne was ""Acton Bell"". Charlotte wrote in the"
"failed to attract pupils. Instead they turned to writing and they each first published in 1846 under the pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Her first novel ""The Professor"" was rejected by publishers, her second novel ""Jane Eyre"" was published in 1847. The sisters admitted to their Bell pseudonyms in 1848, and by the following year were celebrated in London literary circles. Brontë experienced the early deaths of all her siblings. She became pregnant shortly after her marriage in June 1854 but died on 31 March 1855 of tuberculosis or possibly typhus. Charlotte Brontë was born on 21 April"
"Brontë family The Brontës () were a nineteenth-century literary family, born in the village of Thornton and later associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists. Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Their stories immediately attracted attention for their passion and originality. Charlotte's ""Jane Eyre"" was the first to know success, while Emily's ""Wuthering Heights"", Anne's ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"" and other works were"
"in various animals, including humans, and Peter Brontë Gatenby, the Medical Director of the UN. Notes Footnotes Bibliography Brontë family The Brontës () were a nineteenth-century literary family, born in the village of Thornton and later associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists. Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Their stories immediately attracted attention for their passion and originality. Charlotte's ""Jane Eyre"" was the"
"Emily Brontë Emily Jane Brontë (, ; 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, ""Wuthering Heights"", now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third-eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 in Market Street in the village of Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in Northern England, to Maria Branwell and an Irish father,"
"Agnes Grey Agnes Grey, A Novel is the debut novel of English author Anne Brontë (writing under the pen name of Acton Bell), first published in December 1847, and republished in a second edition in 1850. The novel follows Agnes Grey, a governess, as she works within families of the English gentry. Scholarship and comments by Anne's sister Charlotte Brontë suggest the novel is largely based on Anne Brontë's own experiences as a governess for five years. Like her sister Charlotte's novel ""Jane Eyre"", it addresses what the precarious position of governess entailed and how it affected a young woman."
"Angels family vault in Haworth. Notes Footnotes Bibliography Emily Brontë Emily Jane Brontë (, ; 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, ""Wuthering Heights"", now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third-eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 in Market Street in the village of Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in Northern"
"It features his most memorable character, the engagingly roguish Becky Sharp. The Brontë sisters were other significant novelists in the 1840s and 1850s. Their novels caused a sensation when they were first published but were subsequently accepted as classics. They had written compulsively from early childhood and were first published, at their own expense in 1846 as poets under the pseudonyms Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. The sisters returned to prose, producing a novel each the following year: Charlotte's ""Jane Eyre"", Emily's ""Wuthering Heights"" and Anne's ""Agnes Grey"". Later, Anne's ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"" (1848) and Charlotte's ""Villette"" (1853)"
"that his ""preoccupation with style must have blinded him to the persistence of her moral purpose"" of Agnes Grey. Agnes Grey Agnes Grey, A Novel is the debut novel of English author Anne Brontë (writing under the pen name of Acton Bell), first published in December 1847, and republished in a second edition in 1850. The novel follows Agnes Grey, a governess, as she works within families of the English gentry. Scholarship and comments by Anne's sister Charlotte Brontë suggest the novel is largely based on Anne Brontë's own experiences as a governess for five years. Like her sister Charlotte's"
"""per se"""". Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë (, ; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature. She enlisted in school at Roe Head in January 1831, aged 14 years. She left the year after to teach her sisters, Emily and Anne, at home, returning in 1835 as a governess. In 1839 she undertook the role as governess for the Sidgwick family, but left after a few months to return to Haworth where the sisters opened a"
"""Wuthering Heights"" and ""Agnes Grey"", had launched a rumour that the three novels were the work of one author, understood to be Ellis Bell (Emily). George Smith was extremely surprised to find two gawky, ill-dressed country girls paralysed with fear, who, to identify themselves, held out the letters addressed to ""Messrs. Acton, Currer and Ellis Bell"". Taken by such surprise, he introduced them to his mother with all the dignity their talent merited, and invited them to the opera for a performance of Rossini's ""Barber of Seville"". Emily Brontë's ""Wuthering Heights"" was published in 1847 under the masculine pseudonym Ellis"
"with the publication of ""Wuthering Heights"" by Ellis Bell (Emily) and ""Agnes Grey"" by Acton Bell (Anne). Accompanying the speculation was a change in the critical reaction to Brontë's work, as accusations were made that the writing was ""coarse"", a judgement more readily made once it was suspected that Currer Bell was a woman. However, sales of ""Jane Eyre"" continued to be strong and may even have increased as a result of the novel developing a reputation as an ""improper"" book. A talented amateur artist, Brontë personally did the drawings for the second edition of ""Jane Eyre"" and in the"
"not secure a publisher, although she was heartened by an encouraging response from Smith, Elder & Co. of Cornhill, who expressed an interest in any longer works Currer Bell might wish to send. Brontë responded by finishing and sending a second manuscript in August 1847. Six weeks later, ""Jane Eyre"" was published. It tells the story of a plain governess, Jane, who, after difficulties in her early life, falls in love with her employer, Mr Rochester. They marry, but only after Rochester's insane first wife, of whom Jane initially has no knowledge, dies in a dramatic house fire. The book's"
"Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë (, ; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature. She enlisted in school at Roe Head in January 1831, aged 14 years. She left the year after to teach her sisters, Emily and Anne, at home, returning in 1835 as a governess. In 1839 she undertook the role as governess for the Sidgwick family, but left after a few months to return to Haworth where the sisters opened a school, but"
"Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë's only novel, was published in 1847 under the pseudonym ""Ellis Bell"". It was written between October 1845 and June 1846. ""Wuthering Heights"" and Anne Brontë's ""Agnes Grey"" were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte's novel ""Jane Eyre"". After Emily's death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of ""Wuthering Heights"" and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumous second edition in 1850. Although ""Wuthering Heights"" is now a classic of English literature, contemporary reviews were deeply polarised; it was controversial because of its unusually stark depiction of"
"Jerome Beaty felt that the close first person perspective leaves the reader ""too uncritically accepting of her worldview"", and often leads reading and conversation about the novel towards supporting Jane, regardless of how irregular her ideas or perspectives are. In 2003, the novel was ranked number 10 in the BBC's survey The Big Read. Jane Eyre Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë, published under the pen name ""Currer Bell"", on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London. The first American edition was published the following year"
"Jane Eyre Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë, published under the pen name ""Currer Bell"", on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London. The first American edition was published the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York. Arguably a ""Bildungsroman"", ""Jane Eyre"" follows the experiences of its eponymous heroine, including her growth to adulthood and her love for Mr. Rochester, the brooding master of Thornfield Hall. The novel revolutionised prose fiction in that the focus on Jane's moral and spiritual development is told through"
"sisters to contact Aylott & Jones, a small publishing house at 8, Paternoster Row, London, who accepted but rather at the authors' own risk as they felt the commercial risk to the company was too great. The work thus appeared in 1846, published using the male pseudonyms of Currer (Charlotte), Ellis (Emily), and Acton (Anne) Bell. These were very uncommon forenames but the initials of each of the sisters were preserved and the patronym could have been inspired by that of the vicar of the parish, Arthur Bell Nicholls. It was in fact on 18 May 1845 that he took"
"has been speculated that Brontë originally planned to let Caroline die but changed her mind because of her family tragedies. However, Ellen Nussey, Charlotte's lifelong friend, claimed that the character of Caroline was based on herself. Charlotte Brontë told Elizabeth Gaskell that Shirley is what she believed her sister, Emily Brontë, would have been if she had been born into a wealthy family. Again, Ellen Nussey, who knew Emily as well as anyone outside the family, didn't recognise her in Shirley. The maiden name of Mrs. Pryor is Agnes Grey, the name of the main character in Anne's first novel."
"same person, Charlotte and Anne went to London to reveal their identities to Charlotte's publisher George Smith. Emily refused to go with them. The women spent several days in his company. Many years after Anne's death, he wrote in the Cornhill Magazine his impressions of her, describing her as: ""a gentle, quiet, rather subdued person, by no means pretty, yet of a pleasing appearance. Her manner was curiously expressive of a wish for protection and encouragement, a kind of constant appeal which invited sympathy."" The increasing popularity of the Bells' work led to renewed interest in the ""Poems by Currer,"
"author Hilary Scharper's ecogothic novel ""Perdita"" (2013) was deeply influenced by ""Wuthering Heights,"" namely in terms of the narrative role of powerful, cruel and desolate landscapes.<ref>Bob Douglas, ""The Eco-Gothic: Hilary Scharper's Perdita"", ""Critics at Large"", 19 Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë's only novel, was published in 1847 under the pseudonym ""Ellis Bell"". It was written between October 1845 and June 1846. ""Wuthering Heights"" and Anne Brontë's ""Agnes Grey"" were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte's novel ""Jane Eyre"". After Emily's death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of ""Wuthering Heights"" and arranged for the edited"
"publication of the novel, Shirley was an uncommon – but distinctly male – name and would have been an unusual name for a woman. Today it is regarded as a distinctly female name and an uncommon male name. While Brontë was writing ""Shirley"", three of her siblings died. Her brother Branwell died in September 1848, and her sister Emily fell ill and died in December. Brontë resumed writing, but then her only remaining sibling, her sister Anne, became ill and died in May 1849. Some critics believe that the character of Caroline Helstone was loosely based on Anne and it"
"man with a depraved mind – fairly neutral about ""Agnes Grey"", more flattering in spite of certain commentators denouncing it as an affront to morals and good mores, for ""Jane Eyre"" which soon became what would be called today a best-seller. The pseudonymous (Currer Bell) publication in 1847 of ""Jane Eyre, An Autobiography"", established a dazzling reputation for Charlotte. In July 1848, Charlotte and Anne (Emily had refused to go along with them) travelled by train to London to prove to Smith, Elder & Co. that each sister was indeed an independent author, for Thomas Cautley Newby, the publisher of"
"Shirley (novel) Shirley, A Tale is an 1849 social novel by the English novelist Charlotte Brontë. It was Brontë's second published novel after ""Jane Eyre"" (originally published under Brontë's pseudonym Currer Bell). The novel is set in Yorkshire in the period 1811–12, during the industrial depression resulting from the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. The novel is set against a backdrop of the Luddite uprisings in the Yorkshire textile industry. The novel's popularity led to Shirley's becoming a woman's name. The title character was given the name that her father had intended to give a son. Before the"
"muted reception from critics. The four central characters are studies in contrast: the two friends Caroline Helstone and Shirley Keeldar, and their loves, the brothers Robert and Louis Gérard Moore. Other characters in the novel include: Shirley (novel) Shirley, A Tale is an 1849 social novel by the English novelist Charlotte Brontë. It was Brontë's second published novel after ""Jane Eyre"" (originally published under Brontë's pseudonym Currer Bell). The novel is set in Yorkshire in the period 1811–12, during the industrial depression resulting from the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. The novel is set against a backdrop of"
"of poetry with her sisters (""Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell"", 1846) and two novels. ""Agnes Grey"", based upon her experiences as a governess, was published in 1847. Her second and last novel, ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"", which is considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848. Like her poems, both her novels were first published under the masculine pen name of Acton Bell. Anne's life was cut short when she died of what is now suspected to be pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 29. Partly because the re-publication of ""The Tenant"
"Winifred Gérin Winifred Eveleen Gérin née Bourne, OBE (7 October 1901 – 28 June 1981) was an English biographer born in Hamburg. She is best known as a biographer of the Brontë sisters and their brother Branwell, whose lives she researched extensively. ""Charlotte Brontë: the Evolution of Genius"" (1967) is regarded as her seminal work and received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the Rose Mary Crawshay Prize and the Royal Society of Literature Heinemann prize. Winifred was the daughter of Frederick Charles Bourne (1859–1928) and Katherine née Hill (1859-1943), a great-grand-daughter of Sir Hugh Hill, 1st Baronet Hill of"
"at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. The film stars Isabelle Adjani as Emily, Marie-France Pisier as Charlotte and Isabelle Huppert as Anne. Pascal Greggory plays their brother Branwell Brontë. The plot centers on the sisters' sombre relationship with Branwell. Set in a careful recreation of the period, the film follows the bleak lives of the four siblings in less than a ten-year span. It begins in 1834, when, at the age of seventeen, Branwell painted the famous portrait of his three sisters, in which he originally included his own image, and ends around 1852 when Charlotte, now a famous author,"
"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is the second and final novel by the English author Anne Brontë. It was first published in 1848 under the pseudonym Acton Bell. Probably the most shocking of the Brontës' novels, it had an instant and phenomenal success, but after Anne's death her sister Charlotte prevented its re-publication. The novel is framed as a series of letters from Gilbert Markham to his friend and brother-in-law about the events connected with the meeting of his wife. A mysterious young widow arrives at Wildfell Hall, an Elizabethan mansion which has been empty"
"yet, Brontë still published as Currer Bell, a man. ""Jane Eyre"" has been described by historian David Hackett Fischer as evocative of a cultural and geographic milieu of the North Midlands of England that in the mid-17th century had produced the Religious Society of Friends, a Protestant religious sect. Many members of this sect immigrated to North America and settled the Delaware Valley in the late 17th and early 18th century. This geographical area had for many centuries contained a significant population of Scandinavian-descended people who were oppressed by and resisted the Norman Conquest based in French Catholicism (the Gothic"
"surrounded by Sobkou Planitia. Brontë is older than Degas, the impact that formed the nearby crater has overlapped the edges of the crater and spread a spray of rays across the southern regions of Sobkou Planitia and beyond. Further east are Damer and Gibran. Brontë (Mercurian crater) Brontë is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 60 kilometers (37 miles). Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Bronte is named for English writers Charlotte Brontë, who lived from 1816 to 1855, Emily Brontë, who lived from 1818 to 1848, and Anne Brontë, who lived"
"was a dismal failure, with only two copies being sold in the first year. Anne, however, found a market for her more recent poetry. The ""Leeds Intelligencer"" and ""Fraser's Magazine"" published her poem ""The Narrow Way"" under her pseudonym, Acton Bell in December 1848. Four months earlier, in August, Fraser's Magazine had published her poem ""The Three Guides"". Even before the fate of the book of poems became apparent, the sisters began work on their first novels. Charlotte wrote ""The Professor"", Emily ""Wuthering Heights"", and Anne ""Agnes Grey"". By July 1846, a package with the three manuscripts was making the"