"After the National Convention faded into history, the French Directory appeared and days after the September 4, 1797, Coup of 18 Fructidor, a Directory's commissioner was assassinated in Lyon. The city became an important industrial town during the 19th century. In 1831 and 1834, the ""canuts"" (silk workers) of Lyon staged two major uprisings for better working conditions and pay. In 1862, the first of Lyon's extensive network of funicular railways began operation. During World War II, Lyon was a centre for the occupying Nazi forces, including Klaus Barbie, the infamous ""Butcher of Lyon"". But the city was also a"
"in public school education, publication of memoirs as well as academic studies which helped promote public awareness of the Holocaust. Eichmann was sentenced to capital punishment, and the sentence was carried out on 1 April 1962. Klaus Barbie was a Gestapo member, known as the ""Butcher of Lyon"" for having personally sadistically tortured French prisoners including men, women, and children, in Lyon, France. He was responsible for arresting French Resistance member Jean Moulin, and for signing the deportation order for the children from the orphanage at Izieu. He was wanted for crimes committed in Lyon between 1942 and 1944. After"
"condemned SS war criminal Klaus Barbie(known as the Butcher of Lyon). Barbie was charged with crimes against humanity. He was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. This success credited Klarsfeld as the ""main result"" of their actions. As early as 1972 they had uncovered his whereabouts in Bolivia. Her gift was the foundation of the memorial Maison d'Izieu (Children of Izieu), is reminiscent of the victims of the crimes committed by Barbie crimes. In 1991, she fought for the extradition of Eichmann's deputy Alois Brunner, then living in Syria, for the murder of 130,000 Jews in German concentration camps."
"he died of natural causes. In 1983, near the end of Ryan's Directorship at OSI, he was asked to investigate the relationship between Klaus Barbie and the U.S. government following World War II. As Gestapo chief in Lyon, France, Barbie personally beat and tortured men, women, and children, reportedly laughing as he did so. His methods included whipping, electric shocks, breaking arms and legs, and sexual abuse, earning him the title ""Butcher of Lyon."" He also deported Jewish children to Auschwitz concentration camp, where they were murdered. The question was, as America's focus shifted from the threat from Nazis to"
"regardless of the personal cost to him. He even went on a hunger strike as a desperate way to gain public sympathy. Finally, he agreed to shorten his own term and Congress moved the presidential election forward by a year. One bright point in the Siles administration was the 1983 extradition to France of the Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie, known as the Butcher of Lyon. He had been living in Bolivia since the late 1950s or early 1960s, after being smuggled out of Europe with the assistance of the United States, and was often employed by the 1964-82 dictatorships"
"and infamous Nazis, such as Klaus Barbie who was known as the 'Butcher of Lyon', to gather vital information, returning again to France on 17 September 1943. He was appalled by the lack of logistical and material support which the French resistance movements such as the ""maquis"" were receiving, to the extent that he begged five minutes with Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister. Churchill, reluctant at first, but fascinated by what Yeo-Thomas told him, agreed to help him obtain resources for the resistance. In February 1944, Yeo-Thomas was parachuted into France after flying from RAF Tempsford. However, he was"
"Jean-Charles-Alphonse Avinain Jean-Charles-Alphonse Avinain dit Davinain (October 14, 1798, in Torcy – November 28, 1867 in Paris), known as ""The Terror of Gonesse"" and ""The Butcher of Clichy-la-Garenne"", was a French criminal and serial killer, found guilty of murdering two people. He became known for his quote: ""Gentlemen, never confess! Never admit!"" Jean-Charles-Alphonse Avinain was born on October 14, 1789, in Torcy. He was a soldier, who distinguished himself on two occasions: at the age of 15 he bravely fought against the Cossacks during the Invasion of France by Allied troops, and the second time during as a part of"
"Philippe Pétain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain (), Marshal Pétain (""Maréchal Pétain"") and The Old Marshal (""Le Vieux Maréchal""), was a French general officer who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as 'The Lion of Verdun', and in World War II served as the Chief of State of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state. Today he is widely regarded"
"about Pétain, the most complete and documented biographies are: Other books used for citations in the article: Philippe Pétain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain (), Marshal Pétain (""Maréchal Pétain"") and The Old Marshal (""Le Vieux Maréchal""), was a French general officer who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as 'The Lion of Verdun', and in World War II served as the Chief of State of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was"
"discuss the crisis and try to find the traitor who betrayed Delestraint. At the meeting, Moulin and the rest were arrested by SS-""Hauptsturmführer"" Klaus Barbie, the ""Butcher of Lyon"". Barbie tortured Moulin, who never talked. Moulin was beaten into a coma and died on 8 July 1943 as a result of brain damage. Moulin was not the only Resistance leader arrested in June 1943. That same month, General Aubert Frère, the leader of the ORA was arrested and later executed. In the summer of 1943, leadership of the FTP-MOI was assumed by an Armenian immigrant Missak Manouchian, who become so"
"around and work for the CIA, and created what informally became known as the Gehlen Organization. He recruited ex–intelligence-officers of the Wehrmacht and Nazis from the SS and SD to work for him. On 1 April 1956, the ""Bundesnachrichtendienst"" (BND; the German intelligence agency) was created from the Gehlen Organization, and transferred to the West German government. Reinhard Gehlen became President of the BND and remained its head until 1968. Klaus Barbie, known as ""the Butcher of Lyon"" for his role at the head of the Gestapo, was protected from 1945 to 1955 by MI5 and the CIA, before fleeing"
"agent. Through that association, Gerő was involved in the Comintern—the international organization of communists—in France, and also fought in the Spanish Civil War. There he performed purges against Trotskyist groups in the International Brigades; as a result he was called the ""Butcher of Barcelona"". The outbreak of the Second World War found him in Moscow again, and he remained for the duration of the war. After the dissolution of the Communist International in 1943, he was in charge of propaganda directed at enemy forces and prisoners of war. Gerő was among the very first communist functionaries to return to Hungary"
"of Paris in 1413 and 1419; Jean de Saint Yon, his brother, was ""valet de chambre"" of the ""dauphin"" Louis, son of King Charles VI of France. Both were in the service of the king of England during the English domination. Richard de Saint Yon was master of the butchers of the Grande Boucherie in 1460. Saint Yon Saint Yon, a family of Parisian butchers in the 14th and 15th centuries. Guillaume de Saint Yon is cited as the richest butcher of the Grande Boucherie in the 14th century. The family played an important role during the quarrels of the"
"Mengele, the physician who conducted medical experiments at Auschwitz concentration camp; Martin Bormann, Adolf Hitler's personal secretary; Klaus Barbie, known as the ""Butcher of Lyon""; and Adolf Eichmann, one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. Other former SS members include, Obersturmbannführer Otto Skorzeny and Elfriede Rinkel, who was a guard at Ravensbrück, the Nazis' largest concentration camp for women. ""USA Today"" gave the book two out of four stars and said, ""There’s nothing particularly new here about the search for Adolf Hitler’s most notorious henchmen and women,"" but, it'll ""no doubt, be a welcome addition to the best-selling series."""
"Józef Światło Józef Światło, born Izaak Fleischfarb (1 January 1915 – 2 September 1994), was a high-ranking official in the Ministry of Public Security of Poland (""MBP"") who served as deputy director of the 10th Department run by Anatol Fejgin. Known for supervising the torture of prisoners, he was nicknamed ""the Butcher"" by ""MBP"" prisoners. After the 1953 death of Joseph Stalin and arrest of Lavrentiy Beria, Światło traveled to East Germany on official business. While on the Berlin subway with Fejgin, passing through West Berlin, on 5 December 1953, he ""slipped away"" and defected to the West. Afterward he"
"Olivier de Clisson Olivier V de Clisson (1336, Clisson – 23 April 1407), nicknamed ""The Butcher"", was a Breton soldier, the son of Olivier IV de Clisson. His father had been put to death by the French in 1343 on the suspicion of having willingly given up the city of Vannes to the English. Olivier de Clisson was born on 23 April 1336 at the Château de Clisson in Brittany. Olivier's father chose the camp of Charles de Blois and the King of France in the Breton War of Succession and was the military commander defending the city of Vannes"
"claim to be the one and only government of France. Churchill, caught between the U.S. and de Gaulle, tried to find a compromise. Within France proper, the organized underground grew as the Vichy regime resorted to more strident policies in order to fulfill the enormous demands of the Nazis and the eventual decline of Nazi Germany became more obvious. They formed the Resistance. The most famous figure of the French resistance was Jean Moulin, sent in France by de Gaulle in order to link all resistance movements; he was captured and tortured by Klaus Barbie (the ""butcher of Lyon""). Increasing"
"Butcher of Mons The Butcher of Mons is a media name given to an unidentified Belgian serial killer, who committed five murders between January 1996 and July 1997 in or near the city of Mons. The name was allegedly chosen because of the high precision of dismemberment the victim's bodies had endured. Then they were placed in plastic bags ""clearly visible on the roadside or on a channel embankment"". On March 22, 1997 police officer Olivier Motte was straddling around his workplace when he discovered several garbage bags below the Rue Emile Vandervelde in Cuesmes. There were eight of them,"
"commonly in the sources. Several sources, such as Gluchowski, use an alternative spelling - Fleichfarb. Piotrowski and several other sources also list one or two other name variants, namely: Licht and Lichtstein. Józef Światło Józef Światło, born Izaak Fleischfarb (1 January 1915 – 2 September 1994), was a high-ranking official in the Ministry of Public Security of Poland (""MBP"") who served as deputy director of the 10th Department run by Anatol Fejgin. Known for supervising the torture of prisoners, he was nicknamed ""the Butcher"" by ""MBP"" prisoners. After the 1953 death of Joseph Stalin and arrest of Lavrentiy Beria, Światło"
"Klaus Barbie, the ""Butcher of Lyon"", later saying that he had not been aware of Barbie's activities during the war at the time that he recruited him. Taylor recognized Barbie's name, as Barbie had been the only S.S. officer who had escaped arrest in a recent roundup of individuals wanted for questioning. Taylor said Barbie impressed him as ""an honest man, both intellectually and personally, absolutely without fear. He is strongly anti-Communist and a Nazi idealist who believes that he and his beliefs were betrayed by the Nazis in power"". When the Counter Intelligence Corps headquarters learned that Barbie was"
"Josef Albert Meisinger Josef Albert Meisinger (14 September 1899 – 7 March 1947), also known as the ""Butcher of Warsaw"", was a SS functionary in Nazi Germany. He held a position in the Gestapo and was a member of the Nazi Party. During World War II Meisinger served as commander of ""Einsatzgruppe"" IV on Poland. From 1941 to 1945 he worked as liaison for the Gestapo at the German embassy in Tokyo. He was arrested in Japan in 1945, convicted of war crimes and was executed in Warsaw, Poland. Meisinger was born in Munich, the son of Josef and Berta"
"were executed within it. In mid-August 1944, prisoners from Montluc were taken to Bron Airfield where 109 of them, including 72 Jews, were killed in what would become known as ""Le Charnier de Bron"" (""The Charnel house of Bron""). Montluc was liberated on 24 August 1944 by FFI troops, when resistance leader Colonel Köenig, profiting from the chaos reigning in Lyon at the time, entered the prison in a stolen German Army car disguised as a Gestapo officer and persuaded the Commandant to free the prisoners, saying that the order had come from the Gestapo Commander in Lyon, Klaus Barbie."
"sentenced Meisinger to death, and on 7 March he was executed in Warsaw's Mokotów Prison. Josef Albert Meisinger Josef Albert Meisinger (14 September 1899 – 7 March 1947), also known as the ""Butcher of Warsaw"", was a SS functionary in Nazi Germany. He held a position in the Gestapo and was a member of the Nazi Party. During World War II Meisinger served as commander of ""Einsatzgruppe"" IV on Poland. From 1941 to 1945 he worked as liaison for the Gestapo at the German embassy in Tokyo. He was arrested in Japan in 1945, convicted of war crimes and was"
"of Karl-Siegmund Litzmann (1893-1945) and grandfather to Walter Lehweß-Litzmann (1907-1986). Karl Litzmann Karl Litzmann (22 January 1850 – 28 May 1936) was a German World War I general and later Nazi Party member and state politician. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Łódź (1914); he earned the nickname ""the Lion of Brzeziny"" there. On 29 November 1914 he was awarded the ""Pour le Mérite"" for military bravery and Oak Leaves (signifying a second award) on 18 August 1915. Litzmann became a member of Nazi Party in 1929 having previously become a member of SA; he"
"Franz Murer. Franz Murer Franz Murer (24 January 1912 – 5 January 1994), also known as the ""Butcher of Vilnius"", was an Austrian SS officer, who set up, organized, and ruled Vilna Ghetto. Murer joined the NSDAP in 1938. Murer was trained with Hitler Youth in Nuremberg. He was then transferred to Vilnius and was from 1941 to 1943 responsible for Jewish affairs as deputy of Territorial Commissioner (Gebietskommissar) Hans Christian Hingst. He was known as a sadist who showed special cruelty towards the Jews. Vilnius, which was known as ""the Jerusalem of Lithuania"" before the war, had a Jewish"
"the cemetery at Ivry-sur-Seine. Anatole Lewitsky Anatole Lewitsky (22 August 1903 – 23 February 1942) was a French anthropologist and member of the French Resistance in World War II. He was head of the European-Asiatic department at the Musée de l'Homme, and a world authority on Siberian shamanism. He founded, with Boris Vildé and Yvonne Oddon the resistance group Groupe du musée de l'Homme. He was betrayed, tried and sentenced to death. He was killed by firing squad, together with Léon-Maurice Nordmann, Georges Ithier, Jules Andrieu, René Sénéchal, Pierre Walter and Boris Vildé, on 23 February 1942 at Fort Mont-Valérien."
"Saint Yon Saint Yon, a family of Parisian butchers in the 14th and 15th centuries. Guillaume de Saint Yon is cited as the richest butcher of the Grande Boucherie in the 14th century. The family played an important role during the quarrels of the Armagnacs and Burgundians. They were among the leaders of the Cabochien Revolt of 1413. Driven out by the Armagnacs, they recovered their influence after the return of the Burgundians to Paris in 1418, but had to flee again in 1436 when the ""constable"", Arthur, Earl of Richmond, took the city. Gamier de Saint Yon was ""échevin"""
"by CIC. However, in 1983 the arrest of former SS officer Klaus Barbie in Bolivia raised questions as to how the ""Butcher of Lyon"" had escaped. It was then revealed that Barbie had worked for CIC from 1947, and in 1951 had been provided with the means of escape in return for his services as an agent and informant. A Department of Justice investigation also uncovered the CIC's dealings with Father Krunoslav Draganović, a Croatian cleric based in Rome, who while working for CIC, also operated his own clandestine rat-line to transport Ustaše war criminals to Latin America. A further"
"few months. Samuel Tyszelman Samuel Tyszelman (born Szmul Cecel Tyszelman; 21 January 1921 – 19 August 1941) was a Polish-born Jew, a Communist and a member of the French Resistance during World War II (1939–45). He and a companion were arrested and executed for taking part in an anti-German demonstration. This triggered a series of assassinations and reprisals in which over 500 people died. Szmul Cecel Tyszelman was born in Puławy, Poland on 21 January 1921. His family was Jewish. During World War II (1939–45) he was a member of the Communist resistance organization known as ""Les Bataillons de la"
"Friedrich Engel (SS officer) Friedrich Wilhelm Konrad Siegfried Engel (January 3, 1909 – February 4, 2006) was a German SS officer who was convicted in absentia of 246 murder charges by an Italian military court in 1999 for his role in the 1944 execution of Italian captives in retaliation for a partisan attack against German soldiers, and who as a result would earn the nickname ""Butcher of Genoa"". Subsequently brought before a German court in Hamburg in 2002, Engel was tried and likewise convicted on 59 counts of murder, being sentenced to seven years in prison, although because of his"
"famous being the massacre d'Oradour-sur-Glane. In Joué du Plain, within an easy two-hour drive from those landing beaches, Nazi power remained strong and tenacious. Meanwhile, the Germans found nothing at the Chateau. Mayor Buffon was an animal dealer. Part of his business consisted of gathering animals for the Germans. It was an unwelcome job, but mandated by the Germans as well as his unasked role as mayor. However, like many older patriotic French, he was Vichy supporter, a decorated World War I veteran. Although gassed in the Great War, he was a large, healthy man. As a well-liked community member"
"Bernard Montgomery Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, (; 17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed ""Monty"" and ""The Spartan General"", was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War. He saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. At Méteren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle of Ypres. He returned to the Western Front as a general staff officer and took part"
"as the ""lost soldiers"", tragic victims of the war who are more deserving of sympathy than the FLN people they tortured (almost invariably portrayed as vicious, psychopathic terrorists) – an approach to the war that has raised anger in Algeria. From time to time, the memory of the Algerian War surfaced in France. In 1987, when SS-""Hauptsturmführer"" Klaus Barbie, the ""Butcher of Lyon"" was brought to trial for crimes against humanity, graffiti appeared on the walls of the ""banlieues"" (the slum districts in which most Algerian immigrants in France live in) reading: ""Barbie in France! When will Massu be in"