"Amanita pseudoporphyria Amanita pseudoporphyria, also known as Hongo's false death cap, is a species of agaric fungus from the genus ""Amanita"" that grows solitarily or gregarious in coniferous forests. Originally described from Japan, it is now also known in Northern India, Thailand, and Nepal. It is quite a common species in southern China and is sold in free markets, along with the similar mushroom, ""Amanita manginiana"". It differs only slightly by having more abundant inflated cells of its volva, and its ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid spores. There has been a case of nephrotoxin poisoning, including delayed onset acute kidney failure"
"Amanita verna Amanita verna, commonly known as the fool's mushroom, destroying angel or the mushroom fool, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ""Amanita"". Occurring in Europe in spring, ""A. verna"" associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees. The caps, stipes and gills are all white in colour. ""Amanita verna"" was first mentioned in the scientific literature by French mycologist Jean Bulliard in 1780 as form ""vernus"" of ""Agaricus bulbosus"". Bulliard warned that it could be easily confused with the edible field mushroom (""Agaricus campestris""), and that remedies for those who had eaten it included"
"most likely die. Amanita verna Amanita verna, commonly known as the fool's mushroom, destroying angel or the mushroom fool, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ""Amanita"". Occurring in Europe in spring, ""A. verna"" associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees. The caps, stipes and gills are all white in colour. ""Amanita verna"" was first mentioned in the scientific literature by French mycologist Jean Bulliard in 1780 as form ""vernus"" of ""Agaricus bulbosus"". Bulliard warned that it could be easily confused with the edible field mushroom (""Agaricus campestris""), and that remedies for those who had"
"adult human. The symptoms of poisoning comes generally several hours afterwards, a fact which makes this fungus even more problematic. Along with its geographical namesakes, ""A. virosa"" is one of the most poisonous of all known poisonous mushrooms; its principal toxic constituent α-amanitin damages the liver and kidneys, usually fatally. The common name of ""destroying angel"" is applied to several all-white species of poisonous ""Amanita"", to this species in Europe and to ""Amanita bisporigera"" in eastern North America, and ""A. ocreata"" in the west. ""A. virosa"" was first collected and described by Elias Magnus Fries in Sweden. Its specific epithet"
"caused by amatoxin poisoning. Amanita franchetii Amanita franchetii is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. It was given its current name by Swiss mycologist Victor Fayod in 1889 in honor of French botanist Adrien René Franchet. ""A. franchetii"" occurs in Europe and North Africa with oaks (""Quercus"" ssp.), chestnuts (""Castanea"" ssp.), and pines (""Pinus"" ssp.). A similar fungus in western North America was also referred to as ""A. franchetii"", but was long suspected of being a separate, undescribed species, and in 2013 was formally described under the name ""Amanita augusta"". ""Amanita aspera"" and ""Amanita franchetii"" are synonyms. There"
"Amanita farinosa Amanita farinosa, commonly known as the Eastern American floury amanita, is a North American poisonous mushroom of the genus ""Amanita"", a genus of fungi including some of the most deadly mushrooms, as well as notably psychoactive mushrooms. Two recent molecular studies show that ""Amanita farinosa"" is part of a subgroup within ""Amanita"" with its close relatives ""Amanita muscaria"", ""A. gemmata"" and ""A. roseotincta"". The cap is 2.5–7 cm (1-2.8 inches) in diameter, domed in young and flat in older specimens, with a striate margin. It is whitish grey and covered with brownish grey volval or mealy material. The"
"plant cell wall-degrading ability may correlate with the ectomycorrhizal ecological niche. Amanita bisporigera Amanita bisporigera is a deadly poisonous species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It is commonly known as the eastern North American destroying angel or just as the destroying angel, although the fungus shares this latter name with three other lethal white ""Amanita"" species, ""A. ocreata"", ""A. verna"" and ""A. virosa"". The fruit bodies are found on the ground in mixed coniferous and deciduous forests of eastern North America south to Mexico, but are rare in western North America; the fungus has also been found in pine"
"Amanita virosa Amanita virosa, commonly known in Europe as the destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ""Amanita"". Occurring in Europe, ""A. virosa"" associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees. The large fruiting bodies (""i.e."", the mushrooms) appear in summer and autumn; the caps, stipes and gills are all white in colour. Immature specimens of ""A. virosa"" resemble several edible species commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk of accidental poisoning. Small specimens may resemble the common Portobello mushroom to non-experts, but just one cap of ""A. virosa"" is enough to kill an"
"Amanita bisporigera Amanita bisporigera is a deadly poisonous species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It is commonly known as the eastern North American destroying angel or just as the destroying angel, although the fungus shares this latter name with three other lethal white ""Amanita"" species, ""A. ocreata"", ""A. verna"" and ""A. virosa"". The fruit bodies are found on the ground in mixed coniferous and deciduous forests of eastern North America south to Mexico, but are rare in western North America; the fungus has also been found in pine plantations in Colombia. The mushroom has a smooth white cap that"
"thrombin. Amanita virosa Amanita virosa, commonly known in Europe as the destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ""Amanita"". Occurring in Europe, ""A. virosa"" associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees. The large fruiting bodies (""i.e."", the mushrooms) appear in summer and autumn; the caps, stipes and gills are all white in colour. Immature specimens of ""A. virosa"" resemble several edible species commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk of accidental poisoning. Small specimens may resemble the common Portobello mushroom to non-experts, but just one cap of ""A. virosa"" is enough to kill"
"muscaria"" or simply ""Amanita muscaria"". ""Amanita muscaria"" is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Many misidentifications have taken place while recognizing ""Amanita flavoconia"", one of the most common and widespread species of Amanita in eastern North America, due to various similar physical characteristics. It is mostly confused due to their microscopic features. The edibility of this species is still doubted. It is considered poisonous and it is chancy to term it edible. High caution must be taken until the edibility of this species is clarified. Amanita frostiana Amanita frostiana, also known as Frost's"
"Amanita albocreata Amanita albocreata, also called the ringless panther, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. It is commonly found in northeastern United States and southeastern Canada and elsewhere in North America. This species, that grows about 5 to 15 centimeters in length, is doubted to be fatally toxic. It normally grows between the rainy months of June and August. First described in 1902 by George Francis Atkinson under the name ""Amanitopsis albocreata"", the species was transferred to ""Amanita"" in 1941 by Jean-Edouard Gilbert. This fungus is found in the hardwood-hemlock (Tsuga) forest of the northeastern U.S.. and"
"Amanita ocreata Amanita ocreata, commonly known as the death angel, destroying angel, angel of death or more precisely western North American destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ""Amanita"". Occurring in the Pacific Northwest and California floristic provinces of North America, ""A. ocreata"" associates with oak trees. The large fruiting bodies (the mushrooms) generally appear in spring; the cap may be white or ochre and often develops a brownish centre, while the stipe, ring, gill and volva are all white. ""Amanita ocreata"" resemble several edible species commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk"
"Amanita franchetii Amanita franchetii is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. It was given its current name by Swiss mycologist Victor Fayod in 1889 in honor of French botanist Adrien René Franchet. ""A. franchetii"" occurs in Europe and North Africa with oaks (""Quercus"" ssp.), chestnuts (""Castanea"" ssp.), and pines (""Pinus"" ssp.). A similar fungus in western North America was also referred to as ""A. franchetii"", but was long suspected of being a separate, undescribed species, and in 2013 was formally described under the name ""Amanita augusta"". ""Amanita aspera"" and ""Amanita franchetii"" are synonyms. There also exists a variety"
"Amanita fuliginea Amanita fuliginea, commonly known as the east Asian brown death cap, is a species of deadly poisonous mushroom in the family Amanitaceae. It was described as new to science by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1953. Fruit bodies have convex, dark gray to blackish caps measuring in diameter. The gills, largely free from attachment to the stipe, are white and have short gills (lamellulae) interspersed. The spores are roughly spherical, amyloid, and typically measure 8–11 by 7–9.5 µm. The mushroom is common in China, where it has caused poisonings, a review of cases in southern China finding it"
"Hypomyces hyalinus Hypomyces hyalinus is a species of parasitic fungi that attacks fungi of the genus ""Amanita"". The earliest recording of this parasite was in 1822 in Salem, North Carolina, but microscopic descriptions of ""H.hyalinus"" do not appear in the literature until 1886. ""H.hyalinus"" is a host-specific pathogen which exclusively attacks species of the genus ""Amanita"", which is famous for containing some of the most toxic mushrooms in the world. ""H. hyalinus"" specifically attaches to the basidiocarp on the sporocarp (fruiting body) of the fungus. The parasitic effects of ""H. hyalinus"" thoroughly disfigures its host and in the absence of"
"ones. More than half the cases of mushroom poisoning stem from members of this family. The most toxic members of this group have names that warn of the poisonous nature, but others, of varying degrees of toxicity, do not. Amanitaceae The Amanitaceae is a family of mushroom-forming fungi. The family, also commonly called the amanita family, is in order Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms. The family consists primarily of the large genus ""Amanita"", but also includes the smaller genera ""Amarrendia"", ""Catatrama"", ""Limacella"", ""Limacellopsis"", ""Myxoderma"", ""Saproamanita"" and ""Torrendia"". Both ""Amarrendia"" and ""Torrendia"" and considered to be synonymous with ""Amanita"" but appear quite"
"Amanita persicina Amanita persicina, commonly known as the peach-colored fly agaric, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus ""Amanita"". This variant may be distinguished from ""A. muscaria"" by its peach-colored center and its eastern North American distribution. Recent DNA evidence has shown ""Amanita persicina"" to be a distinct species from ""Amanita muscaria"" and was elevated to species status in 2015 by Tulloss & Geml. ""Amanita persicina"" has a pleasant taste and odor. It is both psychoactive and poisonous if not properly prepared by parboiling. It should not be eaten without further research. The cap is 4–13 cm wide, hemispheric to"
"mink. An uncommon mushroom, it is found across North America in late summer to late autumn in coniferous or deciduous woodlands. Amanita farinosa Amanita farinosa, commonly known as the Eastern American floury amanita, is a North American poisonous mushroom of the genus ""Amanita"", a genus of fungi including some of the most deadly mushrooms, as well as notably psychoactive mushrooms. Two recent molecular studies show that ""Amanita farinosa"" is part of a subgroup within ""Amanita"" with its close relatives ""Amanita muscaria"", ""A. gemmata"" and ""A. roseotincta"". The cap is 2.5–7 cm (1-2.8 inches) in diameter, domed in young and flat"
"Amanita cokeri Amanita cokeri, commonly known as Coker's Amanita and Solitary Lepidella, is a mushroom in the Amanitaceae family. The mushroom is poisonous. First described as ""Lepidella cokeri"" in 1928, it was transferred to the genus ""Amanita"" in 1940. ""A. cokeri"" was first described as ""Lepidella cokeri"" by mycologists E.-J.Gilbert and Robert Kühner in 1928. It was in 1940 when the species was transferred from genus ""Lepidella"" to ""Amanita"" by Gilbert. Presently, ""A. cokeri"" is placed under genus ""Amanita"" and subsection ""Lepidella"". The epithet ""cokeri"" is in honour of American mycologist and botanist William Chambers Coker. Its cap is white"
"southeastern Canada and of boreal forest at least as far north as the Island of Newfoundland. Commonly it is found in coniferous and deciduous forests or open lush green grasslands. The toxicity of this species is unknown. Amanita albocreata Amanita albocreata, also called the ringless panther, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. It is commonly found in northeastern United States and southeastern Canada and elsewhere in North America. This species, that grows about 5 to 15 centimeters in length, is doubted to be fatally toxic. It normally grows between the rainy months of June and August. First"
"past been misapplied to other North American taxa, such as ""A. amerifulva"" and others. ""Amanita fulva"" is one of the few good edible species in the genus ""Amanita"". Though this particular species is considered edible, it must be identified with care as other members of the genus ""Amanita"" are poisonous and some are deadly. For this reason, collection for consumption of ""A. fulva"" can be dangerous and is not recommended. Some authors indicate the fungus is potentially toxic when raw, and is suitable for consumption only when cooked. Amanita fulva Amanita fulva, commonly called the tawny grisette, is a basidiomycete"
"(the nitrogen bonded to the α-carbon) to a nucleobase aglycone by a C-N (carbon to nitrogen) bond. The new compound was determined to be toxic in the brine shrimp lethality test, but it did not have cytotoxic activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines. Other compounds isolated from the fungus include β-carboline and russulaceramide (a ceramide formerly found in some ""Russula"" mushrooms). Amanita exitialis Amanita exitialis, also known as the Guangzhou destroying angel, is a mushroom of the large genus ""Amanita"". It is distributed in eastern Asia, and probably also in India where it has been misidentified as"
"effects on the glycogenolysis metabolic pathway in rat liver cells. Amanita sphaerobulbosa Amanita sphaerobulbosa, commonly known as the Asian abrupt-bulbed Lepidella, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae. First described by mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1969, it is found in Southern Asia. The species was formerly consider synonymous with the North American lookalike ""Amanita abrupta"", but that species has narrower spores, a persistent partial veil, and lacks the refractive contents found in the hyphae and inflated cells of ""A. sphaerobulbosa"". The fruit bodies of ""Amanita sphaerobulbosa"" are poisonous, and ingestion damages the liver; the toxicity is thought"
"medical treatment, in patients with moderate to severe poisoning up to half of those who did recover suffered permanent liver damage. However, a follow-up study has shown that most survivors recover completely without any sequelae if treated within 36 hours of mushroom ingestion. Works cited Amanita ocreata Amanita ocreata, commonly known as the death angel, destroying angel, angel of death or more precisely western North American destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ""Amanita"". Occurring in the Pacific Northwest and California floristic provinces of North America, ""A. ocreata"" associates with oak trees. The"
"Amanita strobiliformis Amanita strobiliformis is a species of mushroom. It is commonly referred to as Warted Amanita. The cap is 3 to 10 inches across, is rough with warts which sometimes fall away leaving the cap smooth, whitish, and sometimes has some brown. The gills are free and rounded behind. The veil is large and sometimes adhere to the margin of the cap. The stipe (stem) is 3 to 8 inches long, thick, white, bulbous, and sometimes weighs a pound. The spores are elliptical. The ""Amanita"" genus of fungi contains some of the most toxic fungi known. Some Amanitas are"
"Amanita sphaerobulbosa Amanita sphaerobulbosa, commonly known as the Asian abrupt-bulbed Lepidella, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae. First described by mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1969, it is found in Southern Asia. The species was formerly consider synonymous with the North American lookalike ""Amanita abrupta"", but that species has narrower spores, a persistent partial veil, and lacks the refractive contents found in the hyphae and inflated cells of ""A. sphaerobulbosa"". The fruit bodies of ""Amanita sphaerobulbosa"" are poisonous, and ingestion damages the liver; the toxicity is thought to be largely due to a rare amino acid. Although"
"Amanita The genus Amanita contains about 600 species of agarics including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own. The most potent toxin present in these mushrooms is α-amanitin. The genus also contains many edible mushrooms, but mycologists discourage mushroom hunters, other than knowledgeable experts, from selecting any of these for human consumption. Nonetheless, in some cultures, the larger local edible species of ""Amanita"" are mainstays of"
"Amanita aestivalis Amanita aestivalis, commonly known as the white American star-footed Amanita, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family of mushrooms. The fungus is distributed in the eastern United States, south to Florida, and reaches north into the southeastern provinces of Canada. The cap of the fruit body is medium-sized, in diameter and white. It sits atop a stem that is long and has a rounded bulb at its base. The entire fruit body will slowly stain a reddish-brown color in response to bruising or aging. It remains unknown whether ""Amanita aestivalis"" is a distinct species from ""A."
"Amanita rubrovolvata Amanita rubrovolvata, commonly known as the red volva Amanita, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. First described scientifically by the Japanese mycologist S. Imai in 1939, it is widely distributed in eastern Asia. The fungus produces small to medium-sized mushrooms, with reddish-orange caps up to wide. The stems are up to tall, cream above the ring and cream to yellowish below it. The stem ends in a roughly spherical bulb at the base, which is covered with bright orange patches. Neither edibility nor toxicity have been established for the fungus, but it is suspected to"
"is about 17% that of the fruit body tissues. ""A. bisporigera"" also contains the phallotoxin phallacidin, structurally related to the amatoxins but considered less poisonous because of poor absorption. Poisonings (from similar white amanitas) have also been reported in domestic animals, including dogs, cats, and cows. The first reported poisonings resulting in death from the consumption of ""A. bisporigera"" were from near San Antonio, Mexico, in 1957, where a rancher, his wife, and three children consumed the fungus; only the man survived. ""Amanita"" poisoning is characterized by the following distinct stages: the ""incubation stage"" is an asymptomatic period which ranges"
"poisonous species of""Amanita"", further research could prove useful in manipulating ""Amanita"" fungi. Although ""H. hyalinus"" does not currently have a large impact economically or socially, further research could make this parasite more important to society due to its relation to species of ""Amanita"", which comprises both toxic and edible mushrooms. Further research could also reveal the ecological roles of ""H. hyalinus"" in population, environmental, and evolutionary biology. Hypomyces hyalinus Hypomyces hyalinus is a species of parasitic fungi that attacks fungi of the genus ""Amanita"". The earliest recording of this parasite was in 1822 in Salem, North Carolina, but microscopic descriptions"
"in fungi from northwest Turkey, including this species, concluded ""A. ovoidea"" was safe to eat and could fulfill nutritional needs. Amanita ovoidea The European white egg (Amanita ovoidea), Bearded Amanita or European Egg Amidella, is a species of fungus of the genus ""Amanita"" in the family ""Amanitaceae"". It is a large, white-colored fungus, often tinged with cream. Native to Europe, it is found on plains as well as mountains in the Mediterranean region. The species was first described in 1833 by Pierre Bulliard, a French physician and botanist, and Lucien Quélet, a French mycologist and naturalist. The mushroom is white"