"Malagasy Republic The Malagasy Republic (, ) was a state situated in Southeast Africa. It was established in 1958 as an autonomous republic within the newly created French Community and existed until the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar in 1975. After France adopted the Constitution of the Fifth Republic under the leadership of General Charles de Gaulle, on September 28, 1958, a referendum was held in the Colony of Madagascar to determine whether the country should become a self-governing republic within the French Community. The AKFM and other nationalists opposed to the concept of limited self-rule mustered about"
"Third Republic of Madagascar The Third Republic of Madagascar (officially called the Republic of Madagascar (, )) refers to the 18-year-long period in Malagasy history after the dissolution of the socialist regime in 1992. A new draft constitution was approved by 75 percent of those voting in a national referendum on August 19, 1992. The first round of presidential elections followed on November 25. Frontrunner Albert Zafy won 46 percent of the popular vote as the Forces Vives candidate, and Didier Ratsiraka, as leader of his own newly created progovernment front, the Militant Movement for Malagasy Socialism (Mouvement Militant pour"
"Madagascar Madagascar (; ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( ; ), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world) and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse"
"republic were issued in December 1958. Paositra Malagasy is the postal service provider. The country was renamed the Democratic Republic of Madagascar in 1975. Nossi-Bé is an island off the western coast of Madagascar which became a French colony in 1841. Stamps were issued for Nossi-Bé from 1889 to 1894. Sainte Marie de Madagascar is an island off the eastern coast of Madagascar ceded to the French in 1750. Stamps were issued for Sainte Marie de Madagascar in 1894.</ref> Diego-Suárez, a city at the northern tip of Madagascar in Antsiranana province, issued its own postage stamps from 1890 to 1894."
"of the world's finest chocolate; Chocolaterie Robert, established in 1940, is the most famous chocolate company on the island. Madagascar Madagascar (; ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( ; ), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world) and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently,"
"Republic of Macedonia Macedonia (; ), officially the Republic of Macedonia ( ), is a country in the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991. The country became a member of the United Nations in 1993, but, as a result of an ongoing dispute with Greece over the use of the name ""Macedonia"", was admitted under the provisional description the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (sometimes abbreviated as FYROM and FYR Macedonia), a term that is also used by international organizations such as the"
"into 18 or more subgroups, of which the largest are the Merina of the central highlands. Until the late 18th century, the island of Madagascar was ruled by a fragmented assortment of shifting sociopolitical alliances. Beginning in the early 19th century, most of the island was united and ruled as the Kingdom of Madagascar by a series of Merina nobles. The monarchy ended in 1897 when the island was absorbed into the French colonial empire, from which the island gained independence in 1960. The autonomous state of Madagascar has since undergone four major constitutional periods, termed republics. Since 1992, the"
"Democratic Republic of Madagascar The Democratic Republic of Madagascar (, ) was a socialist state that existed on the island of Madagascar from 1975 until 1992. Didier Ratsiraka was elected to a seven-year term as president in a national referendum on December 21, 1975, confirming the mandate for consensus and inaugurating Madagascar's Second Republic. The guiding principle of Ratsiraka's administration was the need for a socialist ""revolution from above."" Specifically, he sought to radically change Malagasy society in accordance with programs and principles incorporated into the Charter of the Malagasy Socialist Revolution, popularly referred to as the ""Red Book"" (Boky"
"a solution is found, the provisional reference ""the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"" (sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM) is used by international organisations and states which do not recognise translations of the constitutional name ""Republic of Macedonia"" (Република Македонија, ""Republika Makedonija""). UN members, and the UN as a whole, have agreed to accept any final agreement on a new name resulting from negotiations between the two countries. The parties are represented by Ambassadors Vasko Naumovski and Adamantios Vassilakis, under the mediation of Matthew Nimetz. Nimetz has worked on the issue since 1994. On 12 June 2018 an agreement was reached"
"by Prime Minister Paul Ramadier of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party, suppressed the Madagascar revolt, a nationalist uprising. The French subsequently established reformed institutions in 1956 under the Loi Cadre (Overseas Reform Act), and Madagascar moved peacefully toward independence. The Malagasy Republic, proclaimed on October 14, 1958, became an autonomous state within the French Community. On 26 March 1960 France agreed to Madagascar becoming fully independent. On 26 June 1960 Madagascar became an independent country and Philibert Tsiranana became its first president. Tsiranana's rule represented continuation, with French settlers (or ""colons"") still in positions of power."
"of ""Socialist Republic of Macedonia"", the others being Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. The peaceful break-away of that nation resulted in the change of its name to ""Republic of Macedonia"". Republic of Macedonia is the constitutional name of the sovereign state which occupies the northern part of the geographical region of ""Macedonia"", which roughly coincides with the geographic subregion of Vardar Macedonia. ""The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"" (FYROM) is a term used for this state by the main international organisations, including United Nations, European Union, NATO, IMF, WTO, IOC, World Bank, EBRD, OSCE, FIFA, and FIBA."
"a socialist system, guided by the Charter of the Malagasy Socialist Revolution, which was approved in a referendum held on December 21, 1975, establishing the Second Republic; Ratsiraka was also elected President for a seven-year term in this referendum, which received the backing of 95% of voters according to official results. The political party Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution (FNDR) was founded; in 1989 its name was changed to AREMA (Andry sy Rihana Enti-Manavotra an'i Madagasikara) (Pillar and Structure for the Salvation of Madagascar). In the midst of a poor economic situation, Ratsiraka began to abandon socialist policies after a"
"& minorities holidays. (See:""Public holidays in the Republic of Macedonia"") Republic of Macedonia Macedonia (; ), officially the Republic of Macedonia ( ), is a country in the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991. The country became a member of the United Nations in 1993, but, as a result of an ongoing dispute with Greece over the use of the name ""Macedonia"", was admitted under the provisional description the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (sometimes abbreviated as FYROM and FYR Macedonia), a term"
"As Madagascar's economy quickly unraveled, standards of living declined dramatically and growing social unrest was increasingly met with violent repression on the part of the Ratsiraka government. By 1992, free and fair multiparty elections were held, ushering in the democratic Third Republic (1992–2009). Under the new constitution, the Malagasy public elected successive presidents Albert Zafy, Didier Ratsiraka, and Marc Ravalomanana. This latter was ousted in the 2009 Malagasy political crisis by a popular movement under the leadership of Andry Rajoelina, then-mayor of Antananarivo, in what was widely characterized as a coup d'état. Rajoelina ushered in the Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2010"
"just used for a year) starting from 3 April 2017. The sudden changes has also affected all related websites and social media regarding the previous name which has since been indefinitely terminated. Before the establishment of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, North Borneo (now Sabah), Sarawak, Malaya and Singapore are represented by their own national teams, a situation which pre-dated the establishment of a Malaysia. Malaya and Singapore usually competed in an international competition such as the Merdeka Tournament while North Borneo and Sarawak competed in Borneo Cup. Malaya's biggest achievement in football was becoming the bronze medalist of the"
"Second World War was re-established as a republic (1945) and which became the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963. Macedonia remained a constituent socialist republic within Yugoslavia until its peaceful secession in 1991. The sovereign state of Macedonia is a parliamentary republic and member of the UN and of the Council of Europe. Since 2005 it has also been a candidate for joining the European Union and has applied for NATO membership. Although one of the poorest countries in Europe, Macedonia has made significant progress in developing an open, market-based economy. The state's name derives from the Greek (""Makedonía""),"
"took the name the ""Federation of Malaya"", chosen in preference to other potential names such as ""Langkasuka"", after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE. The name ""Malaysia"" was adopted in 1963 when the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, plus Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak formed a new federation. One theory posits the name was chosen so that ""si"" represented the inclusion of Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak to Malaya in 1963. Politicians in the Philippines contemplated renaming their state ""Malaysia"" before the modern country took the name."
"(MONIMA), which has had considerable influence on Malagasy politics. France classified most documents related to the Uprising, and the French government maintained silence on the subject until French president Jacques Chirac termed it ""unacceptable"" during an official visit to Madagascar in 2005. Several Malagasy directors have set films in the period of the Uprising. In 1967 the Malagasy government declared 29 March an annual holiday, and in 2012 a museum dedicated to the Uprising was inaugurated in Moramanga. By the close of the 19th century, Madagascar was largely under the control of the Kingdom of Imerina, with its royal palaces"
"quality of life remains low for the majority of the Malagasy population. In the Malagasy language, the island of Madagascar is called ""Madagasikara"" and its people are referred to as ""Malagasy"". The island's appellation ""Madagascar"" is not of local origin but rather was popularized in the Middle Ages by Europeans. The name ""Madageiscar"" was first recorded in the memoirs of 13th-century Venetian explorer Marco Polo as a corrupted transliteration of the name Mogadishu, the Somali port with which Polo had confused the island. On St. Laurence's Day in 1500, Portuguese explorer Diogo Dias landed on the island and named it"
"on June 7 the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established. After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia began, Macedonia issued a Sovereignty Declaration on January 25, 1991 and later proclaimed itself a fully independent country, following a referendum held on September 8, 1991. The Republic of Macedonia is the legal successor to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. This position was established in 1991, after the dissolution of the collective presidency. Socialist Republic of Macedonia The Socialist Republic of Macedonia () was one of the six constituent countries of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a socialist nation"
"Mauritania Mauritania (; '; Berber: ""Agawej"" or ""Cengiṭ""; ; Soninke: ""Murutaane""; Pulaar: ""Moritani""; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in Northwest Africa. It is the eleventh largest sovereign state in Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. The country derives its name from the ancient Berber kingdom of Mauretania, which existed from the 3rd century BCE into the 7th century CE in the far north of modern-day Morocco and Algeria."
"government ended with the adoption of a constitution in 1959 and full independence on 26 June 1960. Since regaining independence, Madagascar has transitioned through four republics with corresponding revisions to its constitution. The First Republic (1960–72), under the leadership of French-appointed President Philibert Tsiranana, was characterized by a continuation of strong economic and political ties to France. Many high-level technical positions were filled by French expatriates, and French teachers, textbooks and curricula continued to be used in schools around the country. Popular resentment over Tsiranana's tolerance for this ""neo-colonial"" arrangement inspired a series of farmer and student protests that overturned"
"months were spent with Commandos touring the country disarming military outposts. When the successful operation ended, the Royal Marines left to be replaced by Canadian troops. On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October of that year. The name Tanzania is a blend of ""Tanganyika"" and ""Zanzibar"" and previously had no significance. Under the terms of this union, the Zanzibar Government retains considerable local autonomy. To form a sole ruling party in both parts of the union, Julius Nyerere"
"French Madagascar The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies () was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958. The Franco-Hova Wars (1883–1896) resulted in the fall of the Merina Kingdom and the establishment of a French protectorate (1896) that became a colony one year later. Nationalist sentiment against French colonial rule emerged among a group of Merina intellectuals. The group, based in Antananarivo, was led by a Malagasy Protestant clergyman, Pastor Ravelojoana, who was especially inspired by the Japanese model of modernization. A secret society dedicated to affirming Malagasy cultural identity was formed in 1913,"
"which comprises an army, navy and air force, was restored with independence from France in 1960. Since this time the Malagasy military has never engaged in armed conflict with another state or within its own borders, but has occasionally intervened to restore order during periods of political unrest. Under the socialist Second Republic, Admiral Didier Ratsiraka instated mandatory national armed or civil service for all young citizens regardless of gender, a policy that remained in effect from 1976 to 1991. The armed forces are under the direction of the Minister of the Interior and have remained largely neutral during times"
"Macedonia). In 1929, the Kingdom was officially renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and divided into provinces called ""banovinas"". Southern Serbia, including all of what is now the Republic of Macedonia, became the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The concept of a United Macedonia was used by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in the interbellum. Its leaders – including Todor Alexandrov, Aleksandar Protogerov, and Ivan Mihailov – promoted independence of the Macedonian territory split between Serbia and Greece for the whole population, regardless of religion and ethnicity. The Bulgarian government of Alexander Malinov in 1918 offered to give"
"Samaras causing the government's majority of one to fall in September 1993. When Andreas Papandreou took power following the October 1993 elections, he established a ""hard line"" position on the issue. The United Nations recommended recognition of the ""Republic of Macedonia"" under the temporary name of the ""former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"", which would be used internationally while the country continued to use ""Republic of Macedonia"" as its constitutional name. The United States and European Union (therefore, including Greece) agreed to this proposal and duly recognized the Republic of Macedonia. This was followed by new, though smaller demonstrations in Greek"
"ceased to exist. The Federation of Malaya joined the United Nations on 17 September 1957. On 16 September 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia, following the formation of Malaysia from Singapore, North Borneo (now Sabah), Sarawak and the Federation of Malaya. Singapore became an independent State on 9 August 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on 21 September 1965. Tanganyika was admitted to the UN on 14 December 1961, and Zanzibar was admitted to the UN on 16 December 1963. Following the ratification on 26 April 1964 of the Articles of Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the"
"University of Madagascar The University of Madagascar was the former name of the centralized public university system in Madagascar, although the original branch in Antananarivo is still sometimes called by that name. The system traces its history to 16 December 1955, and the formation of the Institute for Advanced Studies in the capital Antananarivo. It quickly established itself as the main center for higher education in the country, and was renamed the University of Madagascar in 1961. The main branch opened five more branches in Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Toliara, and Mahajanga. In 1988, all branches of the system became independent"
"of each other, and the name University of Madagascar was dropped in favor of more geography-specific titles. University of Madagascar The University of Madagascar was the former name of the centralized public university system in Madagascar, although the original branch in Antananarivo is still sometimes called by that name. The system traces its history to 16 December 1955, and the formation of the Institute for Advanced Studies in the capital Antananarivo. It quickly established itself as the main center for higher education in the country, and was renamed the University of Madagascar in 1961. The main branch opened five more"
"History of Mauritania (1978–91) This article is about the history of Mauritania from 1978 to 1991. Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is an Arab Maghreb country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the ancient Berber Kingdom of Mauretania, which later became a province of the Roman Empire, even though the modern Mauritania covers a territory far to the south of the old Berber"
"Antananarivo Antananarivo (French: ""Tananarive"", ), also known by its colonial shorthand form Tana, is the capital and largest city of Madagascar. The larger urban area surrounding the city, known as Antananarivo-Renivohitra (""Antananarivo-Mother Hill"" or ""Antananarivo-Capital""), is the capital of Analamanga region. The city is located above the sea level in the center of the island, and has been the island's largest population center since at least the 18th century. Antananarivo was historically the capital of the Merina people, who continue to form the majority of the city's estimated 1,300,000 (2013) inhabitants, as well as the surrounding urban areas which in"
"and have objected to the use of ""Macedonia"" by the new state. It was admitted to the United Nations in 1993 as ""the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"" (FYROM), while most countries have recognised the Republic of Macedonia under its constitutional name. Repeated attempts at negotiation for a composite name failed for 27 years. However, in 2018, high-level contacts between the governments of the two countries intensified, with the Macedonian Deputy Prime Minister Bujar Osmani visiting Athens for the name talks on 9 January, and Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev meeting with his Greek counterpart Alexis Tsipras on the sidelines"