"involved in the siege of Budapest and reached as far as Czechoslovakia and Austria. After the war, Romania forcibly became a people's republic as the country fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and joined the Warsaw Pact. Russia was part of the Soviet Union during World War II. So see this article's section on the Soviet Union. Samoa declared war on Germany along with New Zealand, which administered all of Western Samoa under a League of Nations mandate. Prior to World War I, Samoa had been a German colony and was occupied by New Zealand in 1914. Under the"
"Order of battle at Tannenberg (1914) This is the order of battle for both the Russian and German armies at the Battle of Tannenberg, August 17 to September 2, 1914. General Yakov Zhilinsky, Front Commander (not present) Maj. Gen. Sir Alfred Knox, British Military Attache (attached to 2nd Army) General Paul von Rennenkampf, Commander Lt. Gen. Mileant, Chief of Staff II Corps (transferred from the Second Army, 22 August) – General Sergei Scheidemann 26th Infantry Division 43rd Infantry Division III Corps – General Jepantschin 25th Infantry Division 27th Infantry Division IV Corps – General Aliew 30th Infantry Division 40th Infantry"
"Tannenberg Memorial The Tannenberg Memorial was a monument to the German soldiers of the Battle of Tannenberg (1914), the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes and the medieval Battle of Tannenberg (1410). The victorious German commander, ""Generalfeldmarschall"" Paul von Hindenburg, became a national hero, and was later elected ""Reichspräsident"". Dedicated by Hindenburg on the 10th anniversary of the Battle of Tannenberg in 1924 near Hohenstein (Ostpreußen) (now Olsztynek, Poland), the structure, which was financed by donations, was built by the architects Johannes and Walter Krüger of Berlin and completed in 1927. The octagonal layout with eight towers, each 20 metres"
"an immediate attack was ordered against the German province of East Prussia. The Germans mobilised there with great efficiency and completely defeated the two Russian armies which had invaded. The Battle of Tannenberg, where an entire Russian army was annihilated, cast an ominous shadow over the empire's future. The loyal officers lost were the very ones needed to protect the dynasty. The Russian armies had great success against both the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman armies from the very beginning of the war, but they never succeeded against the might of the German Army. In September 1914, in order to relieve pressure"
"army at Tannenberg, taking 92,000 prisoners in one of the great victories in German history. Twice during the battle Ludendorff wanted to break off, fearing that the second Russian army was about to strike their rear, but Hindenburg held firm. Then they turned on the second invading army in the Battle of the Masurian Lakes; it fled with heavy losses to escape encirclement. During the rest of 1914, commanding an Army Group, they staved off the projected invasion of German Silesia by dexterously moving their outnumbered forces into Russian Poland, fighting the battle of the Vistula River, which ended with"
"August 1914 (novel) August 1914 is a Russian novel by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn about the defeat of the Imperial Russian Army at the Battle of Tannenberg in East Prussia. The novel was completed in 1970, first published in 1971, with an English translation the following year. The novel is an unusual blend of fiction narrative and historiography, and has given rise to extensive and often bitter controversy, both from the literary as well as from the historical point of view. Some episodes of the book had caused in accusations of the author in anti-Semitism, mostly rebutted at the time, but these"
"United States entered the war, they were to be almost totally dependent on the French and British aircraft industries for combat aircraft. The Germans' great air ""coup"" of 1914 (at least according to contemporary propaganda) was at the Battle of Tannenberg in East Prussia, where an unexpected Russian attack was reported by ""Leutnants"" Canter and Mertens, resulting in the Russians' being forced to withdraw. By the end of 1914 the line between the Germans and the Allies stretched from the North Sea to the Alps. The initial ""war of movement"" largely ceased, and the front became static. Three main functions"
"a cousin of the tsar, was competent, but had no part in formulating the strategy or appointing commanders. In the initial phase of the war, Russia's offensives into East Prussia drew enough German troops from the western front to allow the French, Belgians, and British to stop the German advance. One of Russia's two invading armies was almost totally destroyed, however, at the disastrous Battle of Tannenberg—the same site at which Lithuanian, Polish, and Moldovan troops had defeated the German Teutonic Knights in 1410. Meanwhile, the Russians turned back an Austrian offensive and pushed into eastern Galicia, the northeastern region"
"some . In 1911, the Russian Stavka had agreed with the French to attack Germany within 15 days of mobilisation; this was unrealistic and the two Russian armies that entered East Prussia on 17 August did so without many of their support elements. The Russian Second Army was effectively destroyed at the Battle of Tannenberg on 26–30 August but the Russian advance caused the Germans to re-route their 8th Field Army from France to East Prussia, a factor in Allied victory on the Marne. By the end of 1914, German troops held strong defensive positions inside France, controlled the bulk"
"First and Second Armies were stopped by the German Eighth Army, led by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and his Chief of Staff, General Erich Ludendorff. The German and Russian armies met at Tannenberg, where the Second Army was encircled and suffered complete destruction. Both the First and Second Armies suffered terrible casualties in one of the most comprehensive German victories of World War I. The First Army also suffered defeat at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in September 1914, which led to Rennenkampf's dismissal and replacement by Litvinov. First Army served under Northwestern front for the remainder"
"constitutes the beginning of the ""Red Wheel"" series, continued ten years later with ""November 1916"". BBC Cymru Wales produced a two-hour radio version of the book for broadcast in August 2014, as part of the national observations of the centenary of the First World War. This was repeated on BBC Radio 3. August 1914 (novel) August 1914 is a Russian novel by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn about the defeat of the Imperial Russian Army at the Battle of Tannenberg in East Prussia. The novel was completed in 1970, first published in 1971, with an English translation the following year. The novel is"
"was the instructor in tactics at the War Academy for six years”. A German monument commemorating the battle was completed in 1927 in Hohenstein. However, it was blown up in World War 2 by the Germans during their retreat from Prussia in January 1945. German film director Heinz Paul made a film, ""Tannenberg"", about the battle, shot in East Prussia in 1932. The battle is at the center of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's novel ""August 1914"", published in 1971. The video game ""Darkest of Days"" features the Battle of Tannenberg as one of the game's signature historical locations the player gets to"
"day. Militarily defeated, stripped of allies, and exhausted on the homefront, Germany signed an armistice in November 1918 that amounted to a surrender. In the East, however, the war was not confined to trenches. The Russian initial plans for war had called for simultaneous invasions of Austrian Galicia and German East Prussia. Although Russia's initial advance into Galicia was largely successful, it was driven back from East Prussia by the victories of the German generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff at Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes in August and September 1914. Russia's less-developed economic and military organisation soon proved unequal to the"
"points during its existence: 1874: 1903: 1913: 1914: Officers that commanded the corps during its existence: 1st Army Corps (Russian Empire) The 1st Army Corps () was a formation in the Imperial Russian Army, formed in the 1870s. It took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877—78, and later, in August 1914, the 1st Army Corps fought as part of the Second Army in the Battle of Tannenberg. There, it was defeated by the Germans along with the rest of the Second Army. During the rest of World War I, it took part in other operations, up until around 1918."
"quiet the prevalent social and political protests, focusing hostilities against a common external enemy, but this patriotic unity did not last long. As the war dragged on inconclusively, war-weariness gradually took its toll. Although many ordinary Russians joined anti-German demonstrations in the first few weeks of the war, hostility toward the Kaiser and the desire to defend their land and their lives did not necessarily translate into enthusiasm for the Tsar or the government. Russia's first major battle of the war was a disaster; in the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg, over 30,000 Russian troops were killed or wounded and 90,000"
"made progress towards dispassionate scholarship and reconciliation of the various national accounts of the battle. In 2014, the Russian Military Historical Society stated that Russian troops and their allies defeated the German knights in the Battle of Grunwald, though evidence that the Grand Duchy of Moscow was involved with this battle is lacking. In July 2017, billboards appeared on the streets of Russian cities with statements that seemed to attribute the victory in the battle of Grunwald to Russia. Battle of Grunwald The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410"
"The next day, the Treaty of Bucharest was nullified by the terms of the Armistice of Compiègne. Total Romanian deaths from 1914 to 1918, military and civilian, within contemporary borders, were estimated at 748,000. Russian plans for the start of the war called for simultaneous invasions of Austrian Galicia and East Prussia. Although Russia's initial advance into Galicia was largely successful, it was driven back from East Prussia by Hindenburg and Ludendorff at the battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes in August and September 1914. Russia's less developed industrial base and ineffective military leadership were instrumental in the events"
"Germany or to join the Second Polish Republic. The plebiscite resulted in 1,780 votes for Germany and 20 for Poland. In remembrance of the 1914 battle a large Tannenberg Memorial was inaugurated here on 18 September 1927, and made the place of the burial of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg on 7 August 1934. In World War II parts of the premises were used for the Stalag I-B prisoner-of-war camp. The memorial was partly demolished by the German forces withdrawing from the Soviet advance in 1945, after Hindenburg's coffin (and his wife's) were removed, and completely demolished by the Polish"
"in 1995. His choice of design was a smaller-scale replica of the Tannenberg Memorial in concrete, dominated in the centre by an oak cross six metres high and a smaller iron cross on the pale wall at the rear. Tannenberg Memorial The Tannenberg Memorial was a monument to the German soldiers of the Battle of Tannenberg (1914), the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes and the medieval Battle of Tannenberg (1410). The victorious German commander, ""Generalfeldmarschall"" Paul von Hindenburg, became a national hero, and was later elected ""Reichspräsident"". Dedicated by Hindenburg on the 10th anniversary of the Battle of Tannenberg"
"until the sudden roar of German guns to his right heralded the surprise attack on the Russians' flanks. Ultimately, Russian losses amounted to the capture of 92,000 Russians and another 78,000 killed or wounded while German casualties numbered only 14,000. According to British Field Marshal Edmund Ironside it was the ""greatest defeat suffered by any of the combatants during the war"". Hindenburg realized that he would become a national hero and acted swiftly to fit that part, asking the Kaiser to name the victory the Battle of Tannenberg. After this decisive victory Hindenburg repositioned the Eighth Army to face the"
"World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of Rastenburg and Gumbinnen, in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory. After the Russian army's first"
"The initial attack on East Prussia quickly turned into a defeat following the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914 but the second incursion was completely successful. Under the command of generals Nikolai Ivanov and Aleksei Brusilov, the Russians won the Battle of Galicia in September and began the Siege of Przemyśl, the next fortress on the road towards Kraków. By the end December 1914, the Russians controlled almost all of Galicia. However the victory was short-lived, the Russians were pushed out of Galicia in the spring and summer of 1915 by a combined German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish offensive. In 1918,"
"Tannenberg (film) Tannenberg is a 1932 Swiss–German war film directed by Heinz Paul and starring Hans Stüwe, Käthe Haack and Jutta Sauer. The film is based on the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg during the First World War. It focuses on a German landowner Captan von Arndt and his family. It was shot on location in East Prussia and at UFA's Babelsberg Studios during the summer of 1932. It cost over half a million reichsmarks to make and employed 8,000 people. The film focused on a notable German victory and was in sharp contrast to recent anti-war films such as ""Westfront"
"Ethiopia. He was the leader of group of military analysts and editor of their collected analyses on the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902. He was the commander of the fortresses of Vladivostok (1906) and Kronstadt (1907). From 1911 until 1914, he was the commander of the First Russian Army Corps. At the Battle of Tannenberg (1914), his corps was to protect the left wing of the 2nd Russian Army. He withdrew his forces without informing his commander Samsonov which contributed to the Russian defeat. For this error, he was relieved of command on August 28. After 1917, he continued his scientific, engineering"
"of Tannenberg, saving the rest of Germany from invasion. Hoffmann saw the propaganda value of casting the German victory as long-awaited revenge for a nearby medieval defeat, so he suggested the engagement be named Tannenberg, though it actually took place much closer to Allenstein. (Ludendorff also claims credit for the name, though it was Hindenburg, having lost an ancestor at the earlier battle, who requested the kaiser to use it.) Next the Eighth Army turned east and mauled Paul von Rennenkampf's Russian First Army at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, freeing most of East Prussia. Then Hindenburg, Ludendorff"
"Cross. On 31 August Hindenburg formally reported to the Kaiser that three Russian army corps (XIII, XV and XXIII) had been destroyed. The two corps (I and VI) that had not been caught in the cauldron had been severely bloodied and were retreating back to Poland. He requested that the battle be named Tannenberg (an imaginative touch that both Ludendorff and Hoffmann claimed as their own). Samsonov's Second Army had been almost annihilated: 92,000 captured, 78,000 killed or wounded and only 10,000 (mostly from the retreating flanks) escaping. The Russians had lost 350 big guns. The Germans suffered just 12,000"
"Crimean Tatar forces during the Deluge of the Second Northern War in 1656, Stębark with Masuria was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in the 1772 First Partition of Poland and incorporated into the Province of East Prussia. In 1914 during World War I the German Army under the command of General Paul von Hindenburg won an important victory over the Russian Imperial forces invading East Prussia in the Battle of Tannenberg. The combat lasted from 26 to 30 August and actually included a wide range of battlegrounds centered on Olsztynek, then known as ""Hohenstein"". It was, however, named after"
"by the much larger refugee crisis in Russian Empire and the expulsion of Germans after World War II. Military action began on the Eastern Front on 17 August 1914 with the Battle of Stallupönen during the Russian invasion of East Prussia. As German army was concentrated on the Western Front, Russians occupied about two-thirds of Prussia and stood just away from Königsberg. It was the only German Empire territory, apart from Alsace-Lorraine on the Western Front, that saw direct military actions during the war. Russians were defeated in the Battle of Tannenberg and retreated, but counterattacked in October 1914. This"
"the Battle of Tannenberg (1410) on the side of the Teutonic Order. The battle was won by the Polish, who took Casimir prisoner. He was released soon afterwards. In the Battle of Kremmer Damm (1412), Casimir and his older brother Otto II fought against Brandenburg. After Duke Swantibors's death in 1413, Casimir and his older brother Otto II jointly ruled Pomerania-Stettin. The war with Brandenburg continued. In 1415, Elector Frederick I of Brandenburg convinced King Sigismund to outlaw Otto II and Casimir V. He also called the imperial immediacy of Pomerania in question. In 1417, Sigismund enfeoffed Otto and Casimir,"
"fire destroyed 108 houses and the townhall. After the 1871 unification of Germany the town lay inside the German Empire. From 1903 to 1933 the Tuberculosis sanatorium Hohenstein for male patients operated in the municipal forest about 4 km north of the town center. In the beginning of World War I in August 1914, Imperial Russian Army troops occupied the region but were defeated by German Army forces under General Paul von Hindenburg and Chief of Staff Erich Ludendorff in the Battle of Tannenberg. The battle actually was fought from 27 to 29 August in and around Hohenstein, whereby 115"
"Battle of Tannenberg Line ""This is a sub-article to Battle of Narva (1944)."" The Battle of Tannenberg Line (; ) or the Battle of the Blue Hills () was a military engagement between the German Army Detachment Narwa and the Soviet Leningrad Front. They fought for the strategically important Narva Isthmus from 25 July–10 August 1944. The battle was fought on the Eastern Front during World War II. The strategic aim of the Soviet Estonian Operation was to reoccupy Estonia as a favorable base for the invasions of Finland and East Prussia. 24 volunteer infantry battalions from Denmark, East Prussia,"
"Battle of Grunwald The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) and Grand Duke Vytautas, decisively defeated the German–Prussian Teutonic Knights, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the Teutonic Knights' leadership were killed or taken prisoner. Although defeated, the Teutonic Knights withstood the siege of their fortress in Marienburg (Malbork) and suffered minimal territorial losses at the Peace of Thorn (1411) (Toruń),"
"the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia. The first ended in a Russian defeat by the German Empire in the Battle of Tannenberg (1914). In the west, a Russian Expeditionary Force was dispatched to France in 1915. Amid the Russian Revolution of 1917 the Imperial Russian Army collapsed and dissolved. The rebellious remnants of the Imperial army evolved to became part of the new Red Army. Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian army consisted of"