"rights other than Fundamental Rights, while High Courts, the superior courts of the States, may issue writs under Articles 226. The Constitution broadly provides for five kinds of ""prerogative"" writs: ""habeas corpus"", ""certiorari"", ""mandamus"", ""quo warranto"" and prohibition. Writ In common law, a writ (Anglo-Saxon ""gewrit"", Latin ""breve"") is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court. Warrants, prerogative writs, and subpoenas are common types of writ, but many forms exist and have existed. In its earliest form a writ was simply a written order made"
"works were written to be performed. Epic poems were thus very popular, and some, including ""Beowulf"", have survived to the present day. ""Beowulf"", is the most famous work in Old English and has achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous: twelve are known by name from Medieval sources, but only four of those are known by their vernacular works with any certainty: Cædmon, Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known. Cædmon's only known surviving work is ""Cædmon's Hymn"", which probably dates"
"achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia. The only surviving manuscript is the Nowell Codex, the precise date of which is debated, but most estimates place it close to the year 1000. Beowulf is the conventional title, and its composition is dated between the 8th and the early 11th century. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous: twelve are known by name from medieval sources, but only four of those are known by their vernacular works with any certainty: Cædmon, Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known, and"
"Brut Chronicle The Brut"" Chronicle, also known as the Prose ""Brut, is the collective name of a number of medieval chronicles of the history of England. The original Prose ""Brut"" was written in Anglo-Norman; it was subsequently translated into Latin and English. The chronicle begins England's history with the mythological founding of Britain by Brutus of Troy, named ""Brut"" in French and English; Brutus is the legendary great-grandson of Aeneas and his founding of Britain thus links that country to the grand history of Troy. The first Anglo-Norman versions end with the death of King Henry III in 1272; subsequent"
"Britain, after which ""Britain"" became the more commonplace name for the island called Great Britain. After the Anglo-Saxon period, ""Britain"" was used as a historical term only. Geoffrey of Monmouth in his pseudohistorical ""Historia Regum Britanniae"" (""c."" 1136) refers to the island of Great Britain as ""Britannia major"" (""Greater Britain""), to distinguish it from ""Britannia minor"" (""Lesser Britain""), the continental region which approximates to modern Brittany, which had been settled in the fifth and sixth centuries by Celtic migrants from the British Isles. The term ""Great Britain"" was first used officially in 1474, in the instrument drawing up the proposal"
"a certain place and time. An early usage survives in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia in a writ of election, which is a written order issued on behalf of the monarch (in Canada, by the Governor General and, in Australia, by the Governor-General for elections for the House of Representatives, or State Governors for State elections) to local officials (High Sheriffs of every county in the historical UK) to hold a general election. Writs were used by the medieval English kings to summon persons to Parliament, (then consisting primarily of the House of Lords) whose advice was considered valuable"
"significance of The Great Shadow when he combines it with Micah Clarke, The White Company and The Refugees as four of the great novels of recent years. The Great Shadow The Great Shadow, also known as The Great Shadow and other Napoleonic Tales, is an action and adventure novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and published in 1892 in J.W. Arrowsmith’s Bristol Library. The novel takes place in the Napoleonic era on the English–Scottish border city called West Inch. The Great Shadow refers to the Napoleon’s influence and his reputation that forms a shadow over West Inch. Instead of"
"Great Britain, and Great Britain's (meaning the Whig government's) violent foreign and internal politics (see Jonathan Swift for his political career). The Laputans' absurd inventions mock the Royal Society. As ""la puta"" means ""the whore"" (see Spanish profanity), some Spanish editions of ""Gulliver's Travels"" use ""Lapuntu"", ""Laput"", ""Lapuda"" and ""Lupata"" as bowdlerisations. It is likely, given Swift's education and satirical style, that he was aware of the Spanish meaning. (Gulliver claimed Spanish among the many languages in which he was fluent.) On Mars's largest moon, Phobos, there is one named regio, ""Laputa Regio"", which is named after Swift's Laputa because"
"University Wits The University Wits is a phrase used to name a group of late 16th-century English playwrights and pamphleteers who were educated at the universities (Oxford or Cambridge) and who became popular secular writers. Prominent members of this group were Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, and Thomas Nashe from Cambridge, and John Lyly, Thomas Lodge, and George Peele from Oxford. Thomas Kyd is also sometimes included in the group, though he is not believed to have studied at university. This diverse and talented loose association of London writers and dramatists set the stage for the theatrical Renaissance of Elizabethan England."
"Greatness Historically, in Europe, rulers were sometimes given the attribute ""the Great"", as in Alexander the Great, Frederick the Great, and Catherine the Great. Starting with the Roman consul and general Pompey, the Latin equivalent was also used, as in Pompeius Magnus, Albertus Magnus, and Carolus Magnus. The English language uses the Latin term , (literally ""great work"") to describe certain works of art and literature. Since the publication of Francis Galton's ""Hereditary Genius"" in 1869, and especially with the accelerated development of intelligence tests in the early 1900s, there has been a vast amount of social scientific research published"
"Writ In common law, a writ (Anglo-Saxon ""gewrit"", Latin ""breve"") is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court. Warrants, prerogative writs, and subpoenas are common types of writ, but many forms exist and have existed. In its earliest form a writ was simply a written order made by the English monarch to a specified person to undertake a specified action; for example, in the feudal era a military summons by the king to one of his tenants-in-chief to appear dressed for battle with retinue at"
"of writs in 14th century Anglo-French documents requiring a person to be brought before a court or judge, especially to determine if that person is being legally detained. The full name of the writ is often used to distinguish it from similar ancient writs, also named ""habeas corpus"". These include: ""Habeas corpus"" originally stems from the Assize of Clarendon, a re-issuance of rights during the reign of Henry II of England. In the 17th century, the foundations for ""habeas corpus"" were ""wrongly thought"" to have originated in Magna Carta. This charter declared that: William Blackstone cites the first recorded usage"
"Wright Wright is an occupational surname originating in England. The term 'Wright' comes from the circa 700 AD Old English word 'wryhta' or 'wyrhta', meaning worker or shaper of wood. Later it became any occupational worker (for example, a shipwright is a person who builds ships), and is used as a British family name. ""Wright"" is the sixteenth most common surname in England. Its use as an occupational title continued until the mid-19th century. This use was often combined with other words such as in shipwright, wheelwright, wainwright and playwright. The word ""carpentier"", now ""carpenter"", was introduced into England in"
"and Middle English ""Bretayne"", ""Breteyne"". The term ""Great Britain"" was first used officially in 1474. The use of the word ""Great"" before ""Britain"" originates in the French language, which uses ""Bretagne"" for both Britain and Brittany. French therefore distinguishes between the two by calling Britain ""la Grande Bretagne"", a distinction which was transferred into English. The Treaty of Union and the subsequent Acts of Union state that England and Scotland were to be ""United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain"", and as such ""Great Britain"" was the official name of the state, as well as being used"
"native Gaelic Mac an Cheairt sept of County Mayo occasionally changed their name to Wright. This is a literal translation meaning, ""son of the right or righteous"". Wright Wright is an occupational surname originating in England. The term 'Wright' comes from the circa 700 AD Old English word 'wryhta' or 'wyrhta', meaning worker or shaper of wood. Later it became any occupational worker (for example, a shipwright is a person who builds ships), and is used as a British family name. ""Wright"" is the sixteenth most common surname in England. Its use as an occupational title continued until the mid-19th"
"of a wide range of individuals, including Einstein, Elvis, Monet, Mozart, da Vinci, Abraham Lincoln, Watson and Crick, basketball great Bill Russell, Louis Armstrong, Bill Gates, Alfred Hitchcock, Woody Guthrie, and Norma Jeane/Marilyn Monroe. Greatness Historically, in Europe, rulers were sometimes given the attribute ""the Great"", as in Alexander the Great, Frederick the Great, and Catherine the Great. Starting with the Roman consul and general Pompey, the Latin equivalent was also used, as in Pompeius Magnus, Albertus Magnus, and Carolus Magnus. The English language uses the Latin term , (literally ""great work"") to describe certain works of art and literature."
"Old English metre Old English metre is the conventional name given to the poetic metre in which English language poetry was composed in the Anglo-Saxon period. The best-known example of poetry composed in this verse form is ""Beowulf"", but the vast majority of Old English poetry belongs to the same tradition. The most salient feature of Old English poetry is its heavy use of alliteration. The basic Anglo-Saxon poetic line consists of two half-lines, connected by alliteration. This means that there is a word or syllable in the second half-line, which will alliterate with one or more important words or"
"The oldest records that give a name for the Isle of Wight are from the Roman Empire: it was then called ""Vectis"" or ""Vecta"" in Latin, ""Iktis"" or ""Ouiktis"" in Greek. From the Anglo-Saxon period Latin ""Vecta"", Old English ""Wiht"" and Old Welsh forms ""Gueid"" and ""Guith"" are recorded. In Domesday Book it is ""Wit""; the modern Welsh name is ""Ynys Wyth"" (""ynys"" = island). These are all variant forms of the same name, possibly Celtic in origin. It may mean ""place of the division"", because the island divides the two arms of the Solent. The Isle of Wight is"
"Layamon's Brut Layamon's ""Brut (ca. 1190 - 1215), also known as The Chronicle of Britain"", is a Middle English poem compiled and recast by the English priest Layamon. The ""Brut"" is 16,096 lines long and narrates the history of Britain: it is the first historiography written in English since the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"". Named for Britain's mythical founder, Brutus of Troy, the poem is largely based on the Anglo-Norman ""Roman de Brut"" by Wace, which is in turn a version of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin ""Historia Regum Britanniae"". Layamon's poem, however, is longer than both and includes an enlarged section on"
"it as an ""arbitrary euphemism for ""Great God!"""". Alternatively, but similarly, it has been suggested that it may be a corruption of the Austrian greeting ""Grüss Gott"". In keeping with the Victorian-era origin of the phrase, it is sometimes anecdotally associated with Albert, Prince Consort. An early reference to Sir Walter Scott as the ""great Scott"" is found in a poem entitled ""The Wars of Bathurst 1830"" published in ""The Sydney Monitor"" on 27 October 1830 (i.e. still during Scott's lifetime); the pertinent line reading ""Unlike great Scott, who fell at Waterloo"", in reference to Scott's poorly-received ""The Field of"
"but this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet introduced by Irish missionaries in the 9th century. Most literary output was in either the Early West Saxon of Alfred the Great's time, or the Late West Saxon (regarded as the ""classical"" form of Old English) of the Winchester school inspired by Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester and followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham (""the Grammarian""). The most famous surviving work from the Old English period is the epic poem ""Beowulf"", composed by an unknown poet. The introduction of Christianity from around the year 600 encouraged"
"Beware the Cat Beware the Cat (1561) is a short English novel (or is that ""novella""?) written by the printer's assistant and poet William Baldwin (sometimes called Gulielmus Baldwin), in early 1553. It is notable as the first horror fiction text longer than a short story and has also been claimed by some academics as the first novel ever published in English of any kind. The work languished unpublished after 1553, due to the change in the political climate under Mary Tudor, but it was published, perhaps with some revision, in 1561 in an edition suppressed by the state, now"
"of rare works like Jules Verne's ""Paris in the Twentieth Century"" and ""The Golden Volcano"". The Great Romance The Great Romance is a science fiction and Utopian novel, first published in New Zealand in 1881. It had a significant influence on Edward Bellamy's ""Looking Backward"", the most popular Utopian novel of the late nineteenth century. ""The Great Romance"" is a short novel, originally published in two parts. The texts appeared anonymously: authorship was attributed to The Inhabitant, ""a pseudonym common at the time for guidebooks in the United Kingdom and the United States..."" The work is one aspect of the"
"on 12 January 1946. In 2003 the BBC carried out a UK survey entitled ""The Big Read"" in order to find the ""nation's best-loved novel"" of all time, with works by English novelists J. R. R. Tolkien, Jane Austen, Philip Pullman, Douglas Adams and J. K. Rowling making up the top five on the list. England has a long and rich musical history. The United Kingdom has, like most European countries, undergone a roots revival in the last half of the 20th century. English music has been an instrumental and leading part of this phenomenon, which peaked at the end"
"Aristotle's Masterpiece Aristotle's Masterpiece, also known as The Works of Aristotle, the Famous Philosopher, is a sex manual and a midwifery book that was popular in England from the early modern period through to the 19th century. It was first published in 1684 and written by an unknown author who falsely claimed to be Aristotle. As a consequence the author is now described as a Pseudo-Aristotle, the collective name for unidentified authors who masqueraded as Aristotle. It is claimed that the book was banned in Britain until the 1960s, although there was no provision in the UK for ""banning"" books"
"ill-defined being in Finnish mythology - Finland was known as the land of the giants (""Jotland"") in Scandinavian/north Germanic mythology. In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called ""Thorn"" or ""Þorn"" and it survives as the Icelandic letter Þ (þ). An attempt has been made to account for the substitution of names by taking ""thorn"" to be a kenning (metaphor) for ""giant"". It is disputed as to whether a distinct system of Gothic runes ever existed, but it is clear that most of the names (but not most of the shapes) of the letters of the Gothic alphabet correspond to"
"contradictions and liberations history had imposed"". While Marlowe is the most famous dramatist among them, Robert Greene and Thomas Nashe were better known for their controversial, risqué and argumentative pamphlets, creating an early form of journalism. Greene has been called the ""first notorious professional writer"". An apparent attack on Shakespeare as an ""upstart crow"" in the pamphlet Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit, published as the work of the recently-deceased Robert Greene, has led to the view that the two ""branches"" Saintsbury describes were in conflict, and that the University Wits resented the rise of the ""actor-playwrights"", as Shakespeare did not have"
"The Great Romance The Great Romance is a science fiction and Utopian novel, first published in New Zealand in 1881. It had a significant influence on Edward Bellamy's ""Looking Backward"", the most popular Utopian novel of the late nineteenth century. ""The Great Romance"" is a short novel, originally published in two parts. The texts appeared anonymously: authorship was attributed to The Inhabitant, ""a pseudonym common at the time for guidebooks in the United Kingdom and the United States..."" The work is one aspect of the major wave of Utopian (and dystopian) literature that characterized the later nineteenth and early twentieth"
"sort of riddling shorthand in which runic characters stand for the words in Old English that name them. From this, we know some of the names for the extended set of runes used to write Old English. The prose version has as one of its riddles: ""Who invented letters? Mercurius the giant"". The Anglo-Saxons routinely identified Mercury with Woden (known in Old Norse as ""Óðinn"", and widely today as Odin), who gave his name to Wednesday. ""Solomon and Saturn II"", which is often regarded as having more aesthetic merit, contains a number of riddles, including two of the most obscure"
"of Walpole. He appears as ""Gumdahm"" in the parliamentary reports published from 1738 onwards under the title of the ""Debates in the Senate of Magna Lilliputia"" in the Gentleman's Magazine, in which to circumvent the prohibition of the publication of parliamentary debates the real names of the various debaters were replaced by pseudonyms and anagrams and the debates reported were stated to have been ""those of that country which Gulliver had so lately rendered illustrious, and which untimely death had prevented that enterprising traveller from publishing himself"", that is to say works of fiction in the style of Jonathan Swift's"
"They are identified as among the earliest professional writers in English, and prepared the way for the writings of William Shakespeare, who was born just two months after Christopher Marlowe. The term ""University Wits"" was not used in their lifetime, but was coined by George Saintsbury, a 19th-century journalist and author. Saintsbury argues that the ""rising sap"" of dramatic creativity in the 1580s showed itself in two separate ""branches of the national tree"": In the first place, we have the group of university wits, the strenuous if not always wise band of professed men of letters, at the head of"
"18th century when Hugh Thomas edited it from a manuscript, but circulated with the king's approval; it drew on Richard White of Basingstoke as well as traditional sources. Sir William Alexander, writing in praise of King James, invoked the prophetic tradition and dated it to 300 years before the king's birth (the middle of the 13th century). This timing tied it to the Scottish writer, Thomas the Rhymer. The use of ""Great Britain"" as a title of the kingdom as united by James was considered to reference Brutus of Troy, of the Anglo-Welsh traditional foundation myth. A mythological consonance was"
"as 'adros', and in Latin 'supra' or 'magniloquens'. It was made prominent by Roman authors such as Marcus Tullius Cicero. However, it was not confined to classical antiquity. As interest in the classics increased from the sixteenth century onwards in Britain its use gained acceptance. Poets such as William Shakespeare and John Milton both used the grand style. Augustine, notable for his ""On Christian Doctrine"", expanded on Cicero's partition of the three styles by describing them as follows: the plain style is intended merely to be understood, the middle (or temperate) style is intended to be enjoyable to listen to"