"Capital punishment in Austria Capital punishment in Austria was abolished in 1787, although restored in 1795. Unlike other countries with a minimum age of 18, the minimum age for execution in Austria was 20. The method of execution in Austria was hanging until the annexation by Nazi Germany (1938-1945) when it was replaced by the guillotine. After World War II, hanging was re-introduced by the British. The last person to be executed in Austria was Johann Trnka. He was hanged on March 24, 1950 for the crime of murder. Capital punishment for murder was abolished on June 30 that year;"
"last execution in France; the death penalty was abolished in 1981. Jules-Henri Desfourneaux Jules-Henri Desfourneaux (17 December 1877, Bar-le-Duc – 1 October 1951) was the last French executioner to officiate in public. He came from a long line of executioners named Desfourneaux stretching back many hundreds of years . Like all French executioners since 1792 his method of application of the death penalty was beheading by guillotine. Desfourneaux was recruited by his predecessor Anatole Deibler and attended his first execution as second assistant in 1909. Following the death of Deibler in 1939 - the latter having died of a heart"
"Jules-Henri Desfourneaux Jules-Henri Desfourneaux (17 December 1877, Bar-le-Duc – 1 October 1951) was the last French executioner to officiate in public. He came from a long line of executioners named Desfourneaux stretching back many hundreds of years . Like all French executioners since 1792 his method of application of the death penalty was beheading by guillotine. Desfourneaux was recruited by his predecessor Anatole Deibler and attended his first execution as second assistant in 1909. Following the death of Deibler in 1939 - the latter having died of a heart attack in a Metro station while en route to his 401st"
"pre-trial process, Djandoubi eventually appeared in court in Aix-en-Provence on charges of torture-murder, rape, and premeditated violence on February 24, 1977. His main defense revolved around the supposed effects of the amputation of his leg six years earlier which his lawyer claimed had driven him to a paroxysm of alcohol abuse and violence, turning him into a different man. On February 25 he was sentenced to death. An appeal against his sentence was rejected on June 9. In the early morning of September 10, 1977, twelve days before his 28th birthday, Djandoubi was informed that he, like the child murderers"
"July 1976 and the last, Hamida Djandoubi, on 10 September 1977. In January 2015, ""La Provence"" revealed that pictures of inmates with ""cash, dope and mobile phones"" were uploaded to a Facebook page. After the page was closed down by the authorities, another page was created, with similar pictures, but hooded inmates. Prison wardens admitted they were understaffed. Politician Eric Ciotti called for a ""Marshall Plan"" for French prisons. Baumettes Prison Baumettes prison (also known as the Centre pénitentiaire de Marseille) is a prison in the 9th arrondissement of Marseille. The prison is named after the district of Les Baumettes."
"on 1 October 1976, he executed only two people. They were the last two executions in France : Chevalier worked as a printer subsequent to his retirement. He was married to Marcelle Obrecht, the niece of penultimate chief executioner of France, André Obrecht. They had two children, one of whom, Éric, was present at Carrein's and Djandoubi's executions in order to prepare him for succession to chief executioner upon his father's eventual retirement. Chevalier was interviewed by the press on a number of occasions, but later, disillusioned by the sensationalist nature of press coverage, chose to say nothing of his"
"methods of execution were also used, such as the wheel or burning at the stake. The guillotine was thus perceived to deliver an immediate death without risk of suffocation. Furthermore, having only one method of civil execution was seen as an expression of equality among citizens. The guillotine was then the only civil legal execution method in France until the abolition of the death penalty in 1981, apart from certain crimes against the security of the state, or for the death sentences passed by military courts, which entailed execution by firing squad. For a period of time after its invention,"
"the main method of execution had been by beheading by means of the guillotine. Other than a small number of military cases where a firing squad was used (including that of Jean Bastien-Thiry) the guillotine was the only legal method of execution from 1791, when it was introduced by the Legislative Assembly during the last days of the kingdom French Revolution, until 1981. Before the revolution, beheading had typically been reserved to noblemen and carried out manually. In 1981, President François Mitterrand abolished capital punishment and issued commutations for those whose sentences had not been executed. The first person executed"
"last sentences of death by guillotine at La Santé were Roger Bontems and Claude Buffet. They were the authors of an escape attempt with hostage taking which ended with the death of the hostages in 1971. Sentenced to death at Troyes on 29 June 1972, they were executed on the following 28 November. According to them, those sentenced to death from Île-de-France were locked in Fresnes Prison (which theoretically would, in 1978, become the only prison entitled to host executions) but neither were executed – the abolition of the death penalty having been decided in the meantime. Nevertheless, it is"
"the case, observes signs of mythomania in this document and argues that Ranucci was trying to persuade himself of his own innocence. His appeal for a second trial was denied by the Court of Cassation on June 17, 1976. Finally, on July 26, President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing refused a pardon for Ranucci. He was executed by guillotine in the courtyard of Baumettes prison, in Marseilles, on July 28, 1976, at 4:13am. Two of his lawyers who witnessed the execution, claimed his last words were ""Réhabilitez-moi!"" (""Clear my name!""), but executioner André Obrecht wrote in his memoirs that the condemned said"
"Marcel Chevalier Marcel Chevalier (28 February 1921 in Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine – 8 October 2008 in Vendôme) worked as the last chief executioner (Monsieur de Paris) in France. He succeeded André Obrecht in 1976 and held his position until 1981, when capital punishment was abolished under president François Mitterrand and justice minister Robert Badinter. The method of application of the death penalty for civil capital offences in France from 1791 to 1981 was beheading with the guillotine. Military executions were by firing squad. Chevalier, who started his executioner's career in 1958, performed about 40 executions. After his appointment as chief executioner,"
"hanging by the Ottoman court in Sofia in 1873. Every year since Bulgaria's liberation, thousands come with flowers on the date of his death, 19 February, to his monument where the gallows stood. The last execution was in 1989, and the death penalty was abolished for all crimes in 1998. Historically, hanging was the only method of execution used in Canada and was in use as possible punishment for all murders until 1961, when murders were reclassified into capital and non-capital offences. The death penalty was restricted to apply only for certain offences to the National Defence Act in 1976"
"French observed a strict code of etiquette surrounding such executions. For example, a man named Legros, one of the assistants at the execution of Charlotte Corday, was imprisoned for three months and dismissed for slapping the face of the victim after the blade had fallen in order to see whether any flicker of life remained. The guillotine was used in France during the French Revolution and remained the normal judicial method in both peacetime and wartime into the 1970s, although the firing squad was used in certain cases. France abolished the death penalty in 1981. The guillotine was also used"
"Health after the legalization of abortion in 1975. Marie-Louise Giraud Marie-Louise Giraud (November 17, 1903 - July 30, 1943) was a housewife and mother who became one of the last women to be guillotined in France. Giraud was a convicted abortionist in 1940s Nazi occupied France. She was executed on July 30, 1943, for having performed 27 abortions in the Cherbourg area. Her story was dramatized in the 1988 film ""Story of Women"" directed by Claude Chabrol. Marie-Louise Giraud, at the age of 39, was guillotined on the morning of July 30, 1943, in the courtyard of the prison de"
"experiences with the guillotine. Marcel Chevalier Marcel Chevalier (28 February 1921 in Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine – 8 October 2008 in Vendôme) worked as the last chief executioner (Monsieur de Paris) in France. He succeeded André Obrecht in 1976 and held his position until 1981, when capital punishment was abolished under president François Mitterrand and justice minister Robert Badinter. The method of application of the death penalty for civil capital offences in France from 1791 to 1981 was beheading with the guillotine. Military executions were by firing squad. Chevalier, who started his executioner's career in 1958, performed about 40 executions. After his"
"10 September 1977. This was also the last time that the government of a Western nation ever executed an individual by beheading. The use of beheading machines in Europe long predates such use during the French revolution in 1792. An early example of the principle is found in the ""High History of the Holy Grail"", dated to about 1210. Although the device is imaginary, its function is clear. The text says: The Halifax Gibbet was a wooden structure consisting of two wooden uprights, capped by a horizontal beam, of a total height of . The blade was an axe head"
"Christian Ranucci Christian Ranucci (April 6, 1954 – July 28, 1976) was one of the last people executed in France. He was convicted of the abduction and murder, committed on June 3, 1974, of eight-year-old Marie-Dolorès Rambla. His case greatly influenced the debate over capital punishment in France after the book ""Le Pull-over rouge"" (1978) was published by former lawyer and journalist Gilles Perrault. It called Ranucci's guilt into question, and had a notable impact on public opinion, having sold over 1 million copies. Christian Ranucci was born in Avignon, France on April 6, 1954, to Jean Ranucci (1921-1988), a"
"Marie-Louise Giraud Marie-Louise Giraud (November 17, 1903 - July 30, 1943) was a housewife and mother who became one of the last women to be guillotined in France. Giraud was a convicted abortionist in 1940s Nazi occupied France. She was executed on July 30, 1943, for having performed 27 abortions in the Cherbourg area. Her story was dramatized in the 1988 film ""Story of Women"" directed by Claude Chabrol. Marie-Louise Giraud, at the age of 39, was guillotined on the morning of July 30, 1943, in the courtyard of the prison de la Roquette in Paris by executioner Jules-Henri Desfourneaux"
"July 1867. Geneviève Guénat, the last woman to be executed, was beheaded by this method in Delsberg, Bern on 7 September 1862, Héli Freymond in Vaud on 11 January 1868. In 1848 the death penalty for political crimes was forbidden by the constitution. In 1874, with the introduction of the new federal constitution in 1874, it was generally abolished throughout the country. However, because of an increase in crime - much due to the economic depression at the time - capital punishment was re-introduced in 1879. The revocation of the ban, however, was not obligatory and only a number of"
"of Europe, the practice died down later. In France the last person to be executed for witchcraft was Louis Debaraz in 1745. In Germany the last death sentence was that of Anna Schwegelin in Kempten in 1775 (although not carried out). The last known official witch-trial was the Doruchów witch trial in Poland in 1783. In 1793, two unnamed women were executed in proceedings of dubious legitimacy in Poznań, Poland. Anna Göldi was executed in Glarus, Switzerland in 1782 and Barbara Zdunk in Prussia in 1811. Both women have been identified as the last women executed for witchcraft in Europe,"
"execution. In February 2005 Jean-Baptiste Rambla, Marie-Dolorès' brother, was arrested during the investigation into the disappearance of Corinne Beidl, his employer. Rambla had killed her as a result of a violent dispute about his salary. He was convicted of her murder and sentenced to an 18-year prison term in October 2008. According to his lawyers, his behaviour was influenced by drug addiction and the media coverage surrounding the guilt of his sister's murderer. Christian Ranucci Christian Ranucci (April 6, 1954 – July 28, 1976) was one of the last people executed in France. He was convicted of the abduction and"
"Robert-François Damiens Robert-François Damiens (; 9 January 1715 – 28 March 1757) was a French domestic servant whose attempted assassination of King Louis XV of France in 1757 culminated in his notorious and controversial public execution. He was the last person to be executed in France by drawing and quartering, the traditional and gruesome form of death penalty reserved for regicides. Damiens was born on 9 January 1715 in La Thieuloye, a village near Arras in northern France. He enlisted in the army at an early age. After his discharge, he became a domestic servant at the college of the"
"death while being forced into a small cell following their arrest. The massive press coverage which followed the deaths of the students opened the way for a successful coup which saw French troops (in ""Opération Barracuda"") restore former president David Dacko to power while Bokassa was away in Libya meeting with Gaddafi on 20 September 1979. Bokassa's overthrow by the French government was called ""France's last colonial expedition"" by veteran French diplomat Jacques Foccart. ""Opération Barracuda"" began the night of 20 September and ended early the next morning. An undercover commando squad from the French intelligence agency SDECE (now DGSE),"
"9 February 2013. Yakub Memon was convicted over his involvement in the 1993 Bombay bombings by Special Terrorist and Disruptive Activities court on 27 July 2007. His appeals and petitions for clemency were all rejected and he was finally executed by hanging on 30 July 2015 in Nagpur jail. Death by hanging is the primary means of capital punishment in Iran. It is legal for murder, rape, and drug trafficking unless the criminal pays diyya to the victim's family, thus attaining their forgiveness (see Sharia law). If the presiding judge deems the case to be ""causing public outrage"", he can"
"1966 for secret executions. In Switzerland it was used for the last time by the canton of Obwalden in the execution of murderer Hans Vollenweider in 1940. The guillotine was also introduced into Greece in 1834, along with the firing squad, as a method of execution. It was last used in Greece in 1913. In Sweden, where beheading became the mandatory method of execution in 1866, the guillotine replaced manual beheading in 1903 and it was used only once, in the execution of murderer Alfred Ander in 1910 at Långholmen Prison, Stockholm. He was also the last person to be"
"have freely consented to this friendship."" Abdelkader Guerroudj Abdelkader Guerroudj (born July 26, 1928 in Tlemcen), an Algerian, and his French wife, Jacqueline Guerroudj, were condemned to death in December 1957 as accomplices of Fernand Iveton, the only European who was guillotined for his part in the Algerian revolt. As a result of a high-profile campaign in France, where the issue was called ""L'Affaire Guerroudj"", neither was executed. Guerroudj was a political officer of the Algerian Communist Party who liaised between the Communist Combattants de la Libération and the FLN. His stepdaughter, Danièle Minne, was sentenced, on 4 December 1957,"
"Pierre Galopin Pierre Galopin was a French military officer who came to international attention when he was captured by a group of Chadian rebels, led by Hissène Habré, on 4 August 1974 in the Tibesti mountains, in the middle of the Sahara desert. He was tried by a ""revolutionary tribunal"", sentenced to death on 26 December 1974 and, on 4 April 1975, executed by hanging. Commandant Galopin had been sent to the north of Chad to negotiate the release of Françoise Claustre, and her fellow hostages, by the French and Chadian governments. However, it has been alleged that he had"
"and refusing to beg for food when placed on the black diet. Loffo Camara, former Secretary of State for Social Affairs, was hanged on 25 January 1971, the only woman killed at that time. According to El Hadj Ibrahima Diane, an inmate for many years, from June 1972 until August 1973 at least four corpses were taken from the cells each day and thrown into mass graves in the rear yard of the prison. In 1975, France agreed to restore diplomatic relations after French prisoners were released from the camp. This reduced pressure on Touré. The book ""Prison D'Afrique"" by"
"in France and, had executions not resumed in the United States, the last in the Western world, as was the case until 1979 when John Spenkelink was executed by Florida. Death sentences were continually handed out in France for the remaining four years of Giscard's term but were all commuted in 1981, when capital punishment was abolished. A rivalry arose with his Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, who resigned in 1976. Raymond Barre, called the ""best economist in France"" at the time, succeeded him. He led a policy of strictness in a context of economic crisis (""Plan Barre""). Unexpectedly, the right-wing"
"the Fort d'Ivry near Paris on 7 July. Three officers appointed to command the firing squad refused and were demoted. In the event only one bullet from the 11-man firing squad hit him. The officer in charge emptied his revolver into Degueldre and had to get a second weapon to finish the execution. He is buried in the Gonards cemetery in Versailles. His partner, Nicole Gardy, was also condemned to death but fled with her family to Argentina. Roger Degueldre Lieutenant Roger Hercule Gustave Degueldre (19 May 1925, Louvroil, Nord – 6 July 1962, Fort d'Ivry) was a leader of"
"Maurice Meyssonnier Maurice Meyssonnier was a Chief executioner in French Algeria. Meyssonnier family is linked to executioners as far back as 16th Century. Meyssonnier performed, among many others, the last guillotining of a woman (Madeleine Mouton in 1948) in Algeria, which was the second-to-last female guillotining in France and her colonies. He was succeeded by his son, Fernand Meyssonnier, who from young age served his father as assistant and eventually became the last executioner in French Algeria, even if formally never appointed, as Maurice retained his position but ceased to carry out the death sentences. A communist by his political"
"out in countries that practice Sharia law. Dismemberment was carried out in the Medieval and Early Modern era and could be effected, for example, by tying a person's limbs to chains or other restraints, then attaching the restraints to separate movable entities (e.g. vehicles) and moving them in opposite directions. Also referred to as ""disruption"" or being ""drawn and quartered"", dismemberment could be brought about by chaining four horses to the condemned's arms and legs, thus making them pull him apart, as was the case with the executions of François Ravaillac in 1610 and Robert-François Damiens in 1757. Ravaillac's extended"
"one of the best-known members of the French Resistance, but Devigny always defended her vehemently against this charge. After Devigny met her, he was arrested and sent to the formidable Montluc prison, which was considered escape-proof. There he was tortured by Klaus Barbie and his men, but he gave them no valuable information. He did, however, make an unsuccessful series of attempts to escape, and was punished after each one. He was sentenced to death on 20 August 1943, the execution to be carried out on 28 August. However, Devigny had discovered a way to remove his handcuffs with a"