"medical care for non-fatal carbon monoxide poisoning"" These products include malfunctioning fuel-burning appliances such as furnaces, ranges, water heaters, and gas and kerosene room heaters; engine-powered equipment such as portable generators; fireplaces; and charcoal that is burned in homes and other enclosed areas. The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) reported 15,769 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting in 39 deaths in 2007. In 2005, the CPSC reported 94 generator-related carbon monoxide poisoning deaths. Forty-seven of these deaths were known to have occurred during power outages due to severe weather, including Hurricane Katrina. Still others die from carbon monoxide"
"Dicarbon monoxide Dicarbon monoxide (CO) is a molecule that contains two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a linear molecule that, because of its simplicity, is of interest in a variety of areas. It is, however, so extremely reactive that it is not encountered in everyday life. It is classified as a cumulene and an oxocarbon. Dicarbon monoxide is a product of the photolysis of carbon suboxide: It is stable enough to observe reactions with NO and NO. Called ketenylidene in organometallic chemistry, it is a ligand observed in metal carbonyl clusters, e.g. [OCCo(CO)]. Ketenylidenes are proposed as"
"Disulfur monoxide Disulfur monoxide or sulfur suboxide is an inorganic compound with formula SO. It is one of the lower sulfur oxides. It is a colourless gas and condenses to give a pale coloured solid that is unstable at room temperature. It is a bent molecule with an S−S−O angle of 117.88°, S−S bond length of 188.4pm, and S−O bond length of 146.5pm. Disulfur monoxide was discovered by Peter W. Schenk in 1933. However, only when Myers and Meschi studied it, did the actual composition and shape of the molecule become known. It can be formed by many methods, including"
"intermediates in the chain growth mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch Process, which converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels. The organophosphorus compound (CH)PCCO (CAS# 15596-07-3) contains the CO functionality. Sometimes called Bestmann's Ylide, it is a yellow solid. Dicarbon monoxide Dicarbon monoxide (CO) is a molecule that contains two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a linear molecule that, because of its simplicity, is of interest in a variety of areas. It is, however, so extremely reactive that it is not encountered in everyday life. It is classified as a cumulene and an oxocarbon. Dicarbon monoxide is a"
"limit. There are conflicting reports of it exploding on exposure to strong light. Heating above 120 °C, or a rapid rate of heating at lower temperatures also apparently lead to explosions. Liquid dichlorine monoxide has been reported to be shock-sensitive. Dichlorine monoxide Dichlorine monoxide, is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula ClO. It was first synthesised in 1834 by Antoine Jérôme Balard, who along with Gay-Lussac also determined its composition. In older literature it is often referred to as chlorine monoxide, which can be a source of confusion as that name now refers to the neutral species ClO. At"
"Dibromine monoxide Dibromine monoxide is the chemical compound composed of bromine and oxygen with the formula BrO. It is a dark brown solid which is stable below −40°C and is used in bromination reactions. It is similar to dichlorine monoxide, the dioxide of its halogen neighbor one period higher on the periodic table. The molecule is bent, with C molecular symmetry. The Br−O bond length is 1.85Å and the Br−O−Br bond angle is 112°. A related diatomic molecule bromine monoxide (CAS#15656-19-6 ). Dibromine monoxide can be prepared by reacting bromine vapor or a solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride with"
"Dimethyldioxirane Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), also referred to as Murray's reagent in reference to Robert W. Murray, is a dioxirane derived from acetone and can be considered as a monomer of acetone peroxide. It is a powerful yet selective oxidizing agent which finds use in organic synthesis. It is known only in the form of a dilute solution, usually in acetone, and hence the properties of the pure material are largely unknown. DMDO is not commercially available because of its instability. DMDO can be prepared by the reaction of acetone with oxone, where the potassium peroxymonosulfate is the active ingredient: The preparation"
"Dimethyl ether Dimethyl ether (DME, also known as methoxymethane) is the organic compound with the formula CHOCH, simplified to CHO. The simplest ether, it is a colorless gas that is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant that is currently being demonstrated for use in a variety of fuel applications. It is an isomer of ethanol. Approximately 50,000 tons were produced in 1985 in Western Europe by dehydration of methanol: The required methanol is obtained from synthesis gas (syngas). Other possible improvements call for a dual catalyst system that permits both methanol synthesis and dehydration in"
"heated with urea to 100 °C, it forms allantoin. By continued boiling of its aqueous solution it is decomposed into carbon dioxide and glyoxylic acid. Dihydroxymalonic acid Dihydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with formula CHO or HO-(C=O)-C(OH)-(C=O)-OH, found in some plants such as alfalfa and in beet molasses. The compound may also be called dihydroxymesoxalic acid, dihydroxypropanedioic acid. It can be viewed as a hydrate derivative of mesoxalic acid, and indeed it is often called mesoxalic acid monohydrate and other silmilar names. This compound is unusual in containing stable geminal hydroxy groups. Dihydroxymalonic acid is a water-soluble white solid."
"Silicon monoxide Silicon monoxide is the chemical compound with the formula SiO where silicon is present in the oxidation state +2. In the vapour phase it is a diatomic molecule. It has been detected in stellar objects and it has been described as the most common oxide of silicon in the universe. When SiO gas is cooled rapidly, it condenses to form a brown/black polymeric glassy material, (SiO), which is available commercially and used to deposit films of SiO. Glassy (SiO) is air- and moisture-sensitive. Its surface readily oxidizes in air at room temperature, giving an SiO surface layer that"
"Peroxide Peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R. The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation state of −1. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (HO), colloquially known simply as ""peroxide"". It is marketed as a solution in water at various concentrations. Since hydrogen peroxide is colorless, so are these solutions. It is mainly used as an oxidant and bleaching agent. However, hydrogen peroxide is also biochemically produced in the human body, largely as a"
"Dimethoxyethane Dimethoxyethane, also known as glyme, monoglyme, dimethyl glycol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve, and DME, is a colorless, aprotic, and liquid ether that is used as a solvent, especially in batteries. Dimethoxyethane is miscible with water. Monoglyme can in principle be produced by a number of methods. In practice it is produced industrially by the reaction of dimethylether with ethylene oxide. Other methods include: Together with a high-permittivity solvent (e.g. propylene carbonate), dimethoxyethane is used as the low-viscosity component of the solvent for electrolytes of lithium batteries. In the laboratory, DME is used as a coordinating solvent. Dimethoxyethane"
"Dihydroxymalonic acid Dihydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with formula CHO or HO-(C=O)-C(OH)-(C=O)-OH, found in some plants such as alfalfa and in beet molasses. The compound may also be called dihydroxymesoxalic acid, dihydroxypropanedioic acid. It can be viewed as a hydrate derivative of mesoxalic acid, and indeed it is often called mesoxalic acid monohydrate and other silmilar names. This compound is unusual in containing stable geminal hydroxy groups. Dihydroxymalonic acid is a water-soluble white solid. It crystallizes in deliquescent prisms that melt between 113 °C and 121 °C without loss of water. It has been used in medical research as"
"sodium hydroxylamine monosulfonate: Dimethylglyoxime is used to detect and quantify nickel, which forms the bright red complex nickel bis(dimethylglyoximate) (Ni(dmgH)). The reaction was discovered by L. A. Chugaev in 1905. Cobalt complexes have also received much attention. In chloro(pyridine)cobaloxime the macrocycle [dmgH] mimics the macrocyclic ligand found in vitamin B12. Dimethylglyoxime Dimethylglyoxime is a chemical compound described by the formula CHC(NOH)C(NOH)CH. Its abbreviation is dmgH for neutral form, and dmgH for anionic form, where H stands for hydrogen. This colourless solid is the dioxime derivative of the diketone butane-2,3-dione (also known as diacetyl). DmgH is used in the analysis of"
"the large electronegativity difference between iodine and oxygen, and they have been known for the longest time. The stable, white, hygroscopic iodine pentoxide (IO) has been known since its formation in 1813 by Gay-Lussac and Davy. It is most easily made by the dehydration of iodic acid (HIO), of which it is the anhydride. It will quickly oxidise carbon monoxide completely to carbon dioxide at room temperature, and is thus a useful reagent in determining carbon monoxide concentration. It also oxidises nitrogen oxide, ethylene, and hydrogen sulfide. It reacts with sulfur trioxide and peroxydisulfuryl difluoride (SOF) to form salts of"
"HMX HMX, also called octogen, is a powerful and relatively insensitive nitroamine high explosive, chemically related to RDX. Like RDX, the compound's name is the subject of much speculation, having been variously listed as High Melting Explosive, Her Majesty's Explosive, High-velocity Military Explosive, or High-Molecular-weight RDX. The molecular structure of HMX consists of an eight-membered ring of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms, with a nitro group attached to each nitrogen atom. Because of its high molecular weight, it is one of the most potent chemical explosives manufactured, although a number of newer ones, including HNIW and ONC, are more powerful."
"Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula . In its pure form, it is a pale blue, clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an oxygen–oxygen single bond). It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptic. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or ""high-test peroxide"", is a reactive oxygen species and has been used as a propellant in rocketry. Its chemistry is dominated by the nature of its unstable peroxide bond. Hydrogen peroxide is unstable and slowly decomposes in the presence of light. Because of its instability, hydrogen"
"and are generally less stable than the monochalcogenides, commonly decomposing into the monochalcogenide and the chalcogen involved. The most important of these is hydrogen peroxide, HO, a pale blue, nearly colourless liquid that has a lower volatility than water and a higher density and viscosity. It is important chemically as it can be either oxidised or reduced in solutions of any pH, can readily form peroxometal complexes and peroxoacid complexes, as well as undergoing many proton acid/base reactions. In its less concentrated form hydrogen peroxide has some major household uses, such as a disinfectant or for bleaching hair; much more"
"oxidize primary amines to nitro compounds and sulfides to sulfoxides. In some cases, DMDO will even oxidize unactivated C-H bonds: DMDO can also be used to convert nitro compounds to carbonyl compounds (Nef reaction). Dimethyldioxirane Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), also referred to as Murray's reagent in reference to Robert W. Murray, is a dioxirane derived from acetone and can be considered as a monomer of acetone peroxide. It is a powerful yet selective oxidizing agent which finds use in organic synthesis. It is known only in the form of a dilute solution, usually in acetone, and hence the properties of the pure"
"was classified as a fraud by the FDA. Ethylene dione Ethylene dione or ethylenedione, also called dicarbon dioxide, ethenedione, or ethene-1,2-dione, is a chemical compound with the formula CO or OCCO. It is the carbon-carbon covalent dimer of carbon monoxide and belongs to the oxocarbon series. Because it is a dimer, it shares an empirical formula with CO. It can be thought of as ketene of glyoxylic acid (OHCCOOH). The existence of OCCO was first suggested in 1913. However, despite its deceptively ""simple"" structure, for over a century the compound had eluded all attempts to synthesize and observe it. Such"
"Trioxidane Trioxidane (also systematically named μ-trioxidanediidodihydrogen), also called hydrogen trioxide or dihydrogen trioxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written as or ). It is one of the unstable hydrogen polyoxides (and therefore hydrogen chalcogenides). In aqueous solutions, trioxidane decomposes to form water and singlet oxygen: The reverse reaction, the addition of singlet oxygen to water, typically does not occur in part due to the scarcity of singlet oxygen. In biological systems, however, ozone is known to be generated from singlet oxygen, and the presumed mechanism is an antibody-catalyzed production of trioxidane from singlet oxygen. Trioxidane can"
"""oxycarbons"" with formulas CO, namely CO, CO, CO, CO, ..., and to have identified the last two; however only CO is known. In 1891 Marcellin Berthelot observed that heating pure carbon monoxide at about 550 °C created small amounts of carbon dioxide but no trace of carbon, and assumed that a carbon-rich oxide was created instead, which he named ""sub-oxide"". He assumed it was the same product obtained by electric discharge and proposed the formula CO. Otto Diels later stated that the more organic names dicarbonylmethane and dioxallene were also correct. It is commonly described as an oily liquid or"
"result of a range of oxidase enzymes. Concentrated solutions are potentially dangerous when in contact with organic compounds. Aside from hydrogen peroxide, some other major classes of peroxides are these: Peroxide Peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R. The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation state of −1. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (HO), colloquially known simply as ""peroxide"". It is marketed as a solution in water at various concentrations. Since hydrogen peroxide"
"Swern oxidation The Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. The reaction is known for its mild character and wide tolerance of functional groups. The by-products are dimethyl sulfide (MeS), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO) and—when triethylamine is used as base—triethylammonium chloride (EtNHCl). Of the volatile by-products, dimethyl sulfide has a strong, pervasive odour and carbon monoxide is acutely toxic, so the reaction and the work-up needs to be performed"
"Dimethylglyoxime Dimethylglyoxime is a chemical compound described by the formula CHC(NOH)C(NOH)CH. Its abbreviation is dmgH for neutral form, and dmgH for anionic form, where H stands for hydrogen. This colourless solid is the dioxime derivative of the diketone butane-2,3-dione (also known as diacetyl). DmgH is used in the analysis of palladium or nickel. Its coordination complexes are of theoretical interest as models for enzymes and as catalysts. Many related ligands can be prepared from other diketones, e.g. benzil. Dimethylglyoxime can be prepared from butanone first by reaction with ethyl nitrite to give biacetyl monoxime. The second oxime is installed using"
"ozone layer. None of them can be made from directly reacting the elements. Dichlorine monoxide (ClO) is a brownish-yellow gas (red-brown when solid or liquid) which may be obtained by reacting chlorine gas with yellow mercury(II) oxide. It is very soluble in water, in which it is in equilibrium with hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which it is the anhydride of. It is thus an effective bleach and is mostly used to make hypochlorites. It explodes on heating or sparking or in the presence of ammonia gas. Chlorine dioxide (ClO) was the first chlorine oxide to be discovered in 1811 by Humphry"
"wary of them."" Dihydroxyacetone Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula . DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin. DHA is a hygroscopic white crystalline powder. It has a sweet cooling taste and a characteristic odor. It is the simplest of all ketoses and has no chiral center or optical activity. The normal form is a dimer (2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-diol) which is slowly soluble in one part water and 15 parts"
"of powders. Dimethyldiethoxysilane Dimethyldiethoxysilane, sometimes abbreviated DMDEOS or DMDES, is an organosilicon compound. DMDEOS is a precursor in the production of the silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). DMDEOS is an intermediate silane useful for blocking hydroxyl and amino groups in organic synthesis reactions. This silylating step allows subsequent reactions to be carried out which would be adversely affected by the presence of active hydrogen in the hydroxyl or amine groups. Following the reaction step, hydroxyl or amine groups blocked with DMDEOS may be recovered by a hydrolysis procedure. DMDEOS is also used for preparing hydrophobic and release materials as well as"
"Dinitrogen pentoxide Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO. Also known as nitrogen pentoxide, NO is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen. It is an unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that once was used as a reagent when dissolved in chloroform for nitrations but has largely been superseded by NOBF (nitronium tetrafluoroborate). NO is a rare example of a compound that adopts two structures depending on the conditions: most commonly it is a salt, but under some conditions it is a polar molecule: NO was first reported"
"Oxidation with dioxiranes Oxidation with dioxiranes refers to the introduction of oxygen into organic molecules through the action of a dioxirane. Dioxiranes are well known for their oxidation of alkenes to epoxides; however, they are also able to oxidize other unsaturated functionality, heteroatoms, and alkane C-H bonds. Dioxiranes may be produced through the action of KHSO on carbonyl compounds. Because of their low-lying σ* orbital, they are highly electrophilic oxidants and react with unsaturated functional groups, Y-H bonds (yielding oxygen insertion products), and heteroatoms. The most common dioxiranes employed for organic synthesis are dimethyldioxirane (DMD) and trifluoromethyl-methyldioxirane (TFD). The latter"
"Dicoronylene Dicoronylene is the trivial name for a very large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Its formal name is benzo[10,11]phenanthro[2',3',4',5',6':4,5,6,7]chryseno[1,2,3-""bc""]coronene (IUPAC name) or benzo[1,2,3-""bc"":4,5,6-b'c']dicoronene (name sometimes used in Chemical Abstracts). It has 15 rings and is a brick-red solid. Its formula is . Dicoronylene sublimes under high vacuum, 0.001 torr, between 250 °C and 300 °C. Due to its large size and limited availability, the organic chemistry of dicoronylene is little known. Dicoronylene does undergo a Diels–Alder reaction with maleic anhydride on one or both of the central bay regions on either side of the bridging ring. The double bond of maleic"
"Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation The Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation, sometimes referred to as simply the Moffatt oxidation, is a chemical reaction for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively. The oxidant is a combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The reaction was first reported by J. Moffatt and his student K. Pfitzner in 1963. The reaction requires one equivalent each of the diimide, which is the dehydrating agent, and the sulfoxide, the oxidant: Typically the sulfoxide and diimide are used in excess. The reaction cogenerates dimethyl sulfide and a urea. Dicyclohexylurea ((CyNH)CO) can be difficult to remove"
"Nitric oxide Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical, i.e., it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula, i.e., ·NO. Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a historic class that drew researches which spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding. An important intermediate in chemical industry, nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is"