"and running the country, one of the most notable being Sir James Scott, and the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company. Because of its location, trade routes between China and India passed straight through the country, keeping Burma wealthy through trade, although self-sufficient agriculture was still the basis of the economy. Indian merchants travelled along the coasts and rivers (especially the Irrawaddy River) throughout the regions where the majority of Burmese lived, bringing Indian cultural influences into the country that still exist there today. Burma was also one of the first Southeast Asian countries to adopt Buddhism, which went on to become the"
"States policy retains Burma as the country's name, although the State Department's website lists the country as ""Burma (Myanmar)"" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names. The government of Canada has in the past used ""Burma"", such as in its 2007 legislation imposing sanctions, but as of the mid-2010s generally uses ""Myanmar"". The Czech Republic officially uses ""Myanmar"", although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs mentions both Myanmar and Burma on its website. The United Nations uses ""Myanmar"", as do the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Australia, Russia, (Germany), China, India, Bangladesh, Norway, Japan and Switzerland. Most"
"In English, the country is popularly known as either ""Burma"" or ""Myanmar"". Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. ""Myanmar"" is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while ""Burma"" is derived from ""Bamar"", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be ' () or ' (). The name ""Burma"" has been in use in English since the 18th century. ""Burma"" continues to be used in English by the governments of countries such as the United Kingdom. Official United"
"Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, GJC. Politics of Myanmar Myanmar (also known as Burma) is a unitary parliamentary republic under its constitution of 2008. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Myanmar as ""hybrid regime"" in 2016. The military of Burma holds a large amount of power in the government, despite the end of the last Burmese military dictatorship. Myanmar, formerly called Burma, was a monarchy ruled by various dynasties prior to the 19th century. The British colonized Burma (Myanmar) in the late 19th century, and it was part of British India"
"Laos and Thailand. One third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Burma's population of over 60 million makes it the world's 24th most populous country and, at 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi), it is the world's 40th largest country and the second largest in Southeast Asia. The British conquered Burma after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony (a part of India until 1937 and then a separately administered colony). Burma became an independent nation in"
"country, depending on the context. Ironically, because of the official renaming of the country, the dominant ethnic group is now known by its colloquial name, ""Bamar"", rather than by its literary name, ""Myanmar"" in official Burmese usage. In English, the official name chosen for the country at the time of independence was ""Burma"". This was already the name that the British called their colony before 1948. This name most likely comes from Portuguese ""Birmania"" and was adopted by English in the 18th century. The Portuguese name itself came from the Indian name ""Barma"" which was borrowed by the Portuguese from"
"the name ""Biruma"" may have more of an emotional resonance to readers. Historically Japan used the Chinese characters of ""Menden"" (緬甸) to refer to Burma. This form remains in contemporary usage in abbreviations; for example, the World War II-era Burma-Thailand Railway is still referred to almost exclusively as the ""Tai-Men Tetsudō"" (泰緬鉄道). The Indian (and sometimes used in Bangladesh) name for Myanmar is ""'Brahmadesh' or 'Brahmavarta""' (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मादेश/ब्रह्मावर्त) which means 'land of Brahma'. Names of Myanmar """" The country known in English as both Myanmar and Burma has undergone changes in both its official and popular names worldwide. The choice"
"on military or government projects and one night for sentry duty. The Rohingya have also lost a lot of arable land, which has been confiscated by the military to give to Buddhist settlers from elsewhere in Myanmar. Myanmar, also known as ""Burma"", is a country in Southeast Asia, bounded by the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh and India to the west, and China, Laos and Thailand to the east. Democracy only recently emerged in Myanmar by arrangement with the military, who permitted a free election on 8 November 2015, which elevated Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi to power"
"ethnic opposition groups and countries continue to use ""Burma"" because they do not recognise the legitimacy of the ruling military government or its authority to rename the country. In April 2016, soon after taking office, Aung San Suu Kyi clarified that foreigners are free to use either name, ""because there is nothing in the constitution of our country that says that you must use any term in particular"". The country's official full name is the ""Republic of the Union of Myanmar"" (, """", ). Countries that do not officially recognise that name use the long form ""Union of Burma"" instead."
"Names of Myanmar """" The country known in English as both Myanmar and Burma has undergone changes in both its official and popular names worldwide. The choice of names stems from the existence of two different names for the country in Burmese, which are used in different contexts. The official English name was changed by the country's government from the ""Union of Burma"" to the ""Union of Myanmar"" in 1989, and still later to the ""Republic of the Union of Myanmar"", which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption. In the Burmese language Myanmar"
"Myanmar Myanmar (; ), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of forms an uninterrupted coastline of along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51 million people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is in size. Its capital city is"
"Politics of Myanmar Myanmar (also known as Burma) is a unitary parliamentary republic under its constitution of 2008. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Myanmar as ""hybrid regime"" in 2016. The military of Burma holds a large amount of power in the government, despite the end of the last Burmese military dictatorship. Myanmar, formerly called Burma, was a monarchy ruled by various dynasties prior to the 19th century. The British colonized Burma (Myanmar) in the late 19th century, and it was part of British India until 1937. Burma (Myanmar) was ruled as a British colony from 1824 until 1948. While"
"controlled by supporters of the former military government. , Myanmar ranks 145 out of 188 countries in human development, according to the Human Development Index. Both the names Myanmar and Burma derive from the earlier Burmese ""Mranma"", an ethnonym for the majority Bamar ethnic group, of uncertain etymology. The terms are also popularly thought to derive from ""Brahma Desha"" after Brahma. In 1989, the military government officially changed the English translations of many names dating back to Burma's colonial period or earlier, including that of the country itself: ""Burma"" became ""Myanmar"". The renaming remains a contested issue. Many political and"
"English-speaking world has been mixed. Use of ""Burma"" has remained widespread, largely based on the question of whether the regime has the legitimacy to change the country's name, particularly without a referendum. The United Nations, of which Myanmar is a member, endorsed the name change five days after its announcement. However, the United States and the United Kingdom still refer to the country as ""Burma"". The United States government attributes its choice to support for the party deemed to have won the 1990 election, but been denied power by the junta. That party opposes the new name. Following the 2011–2012"
"the new country, being further amended as the ""Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma"" in 1974, following a 1962 military coup. While both the names ""Bama"" and ""Myanma"" historically referred only to the Burmans and not other ethnic minorities, Burmese governments in the post-independence period have instituted a differentiation of meaning between Myanmar and Bamar in the official Burmese language usage. The name Myanma/Myanmar was expanded to include all citizens of the country while the name Bama/Bamar was kept to its original meaning. Both are widespread use in colloquial usage. Most still use Bamar/Myanmar interchangeably, to refer to the"
"English-speaking international news media refer to the country by the name ""Myanmar"", including the BBC, CNN, Al Jazeera, Reuters, and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)/Radio Australia. Myanmar is known with a name deriving from ""Burma"" as opposed to ""Myanmar"" in Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Greek – ""Birmania"" being the local version of ""Burma"" in the Spanish language, for example. Myanmar used to be known as ""Birmânia"" in Portuguese, and as ""Birmanie"" in French. As in the past, French-language media today consistently use ""Birmanie"". ""Myanmar"" is pronounced in at least nine different ways in English: , , , , , ,"
"to denote a long ""a"" in Burmese). Thus, ""Myanmar"" is a country inhabited by the ""Bamars"" plus many minorities; and the ""Bamars"" and minorities are collectively known as ""Myanma"" people. While use of the name ""Myanmar"" is widespread and rivals the use of ""Burma"", adoption of adjectival forms has been far more limited; in general, terms in use before 1989 have persisted. Citizens of Burma, regardless their ethnicity, are known as ""Burmese"", while the dominant ethnicity is called ""Burman"". The language of the Burmans, however, is known as the Burmese language, not as the Burman language, although confusingly enough the"
"democratic reforms in Burma, politicians started using ""Myanmar"" more frequently. The British government also cites the elected party's preference in its statement on its choice of name. A spokesman for the Department of Foreign Affairs in Canada said that his government's choice was ""in support of the struggle for democracy"". Others, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the governments of China, India, Japan, Germany, Australia, Canada and Russia recognise ""Myanmar"" as the official name. During the 2005 ASEAN summit in Thailand, the Foreign Minister Nyan Win complained about the US insistence of calling his country ""Burma"" instead of"
"Indo-Burma Indo-Burma is a biodiversity hotspot designated by Conservation International. Indo-Burma encompasses of tropical Asia east of the Ganges-Brahmaputra lowlands. Formerly including the Himalaya chain and the associated foothills in Nepal, Bhutan and India, Indo-Burma has now been more narrowly redefined as the Indo-Chinese subregion. The area contains the Lower Mekong catchment. It begins in eastern Bangladesh and then extends across north-eastern India, south of the Brahmaputra River, to encompass nearly all of Myanmar, part of southern and western Yunnan Province in China, all of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Cambodia and Vietnam, the vast majority of Thailand and a"
"Geography of Myanmar Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. Total Land Border Length: Total Land Area: Border Countries: Bangladesh: , India:, China: , Laos: , Thailand: Total coastline length: Total water area: Tropical monsoon in the lowlands below ; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers"
"Guy Delisle. The graphic novel was translated into English under the title ""Burma Chronicles"" in 2008. In 2009, a documentary about Burmese videojournalists called ""Burma VJ"" was released. This film was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 2010 Academy Awards. ""The Lady"" had its world premiere on 12 September 2011 at the 36th Toronto International Film Festival. Government General information Economy Agriculture Trade Environment Myanmar Myanmar (; ), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and"
"Associated Press and Reuters have adopted the name ""Myanmar"". Others have continued to use ""Burma"", some of whom have switched to using ""Myanmar"" years after the name change, such as the ""Financial Times"", citing increasing international acceptance of the new name. The BBC changed to using ""Myanmar"" in 2014. Some other sources, including NPR in the US use terms such as ""Myanmar, also known as Burma"". Another approach taken by some historians is to continue to use the name ""Burma"" for describing the history of the country prior to the 1988 military coup and ""Myanmar"" from there on. This also"
"Upper Myanmar Upper Burma (, also called Real Myanmar) refers to a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar), traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speaking, Kachin and Shan States. In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Burma are typically called ""a-nya tha"" (), whereas those from Lower Burma are called ""auk tha"" (). The term was first used by the British to refer to the central and northern area of what is now the country of Myanmar (Burma). After the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, Lower Burma was annexed by the British"
"is known as either ""Myanma"" (မြန်မာ MLCTS: ""mranma"") or ""Bama"" (ဗမာ MLCTS: ""ba.ma""). ""Myanma"" is the written, literary name of the country, while ""Bama"" is the spoken name of the country. Burmese, like Javanese and other languages of Southeast Asia, has different levels of register, with sharp differences between literary and spoken language. Both names derive ultimately from the endonym of the largest ethnic group in Burma, the Bamar people, also known as ""Bama"" or ""Burmans"" in the spoken register and ""Mranma"" or ""Myanma"" in the literary register. As such, some groups—particularly non-Bamar minorities—consider one or other (or indeed both)"
"and a new constitution with free and open elections. In Asia, the country of Burma (also known as Myanmar) had long been ruled by a military junta; however, in 2011, the government changed to allow certain voting rights and released democracy-leader Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest. However, Burma still will not allow Suu Kyi to run for election and still has major human rights problems and not full democratic rights. However, this was later partially abrogated with the election of Suu Kyi's national league for democracy party and her appointment as the de facto leader of Burma (Myanmar)"
"arrived in Burma during ancient times. Both names of the country are rooted in Hinduism; Burma is the British colonial officials' phonetic equivalent for the first half of ""Brahma Desha"", the ancient name of the region. Brahma is part of Hindu trinity, a deity with four heads. The name ""Myanmar"" is the regional language transliteration of ""Brahma"", where ""b"" and ""m"" are interchangeable. Arakan (Rakhine) Yoma is a significant natural mountainous barrier between Burma and India, and the migration of Hinduism and Buddhism into Burma occurred slowly through Manipur and by South Asian seaborne traders. Hinduism greatly influenced the royal"
"been characterised by conflicts and confrontations. Border disputes are now coming more prominent and Thailand as disturbed by the imprisonment of Burma’s dissident Aung San Suu Kyi. Burma has diplomatic offices in Bangkok whilst Thailand maintains an embassy in Rangoon. Philippines established relations with Burma in 1956 and recognised its political name Myanmar. In 2012, Myanmar ranked 3rd to the lowest among the Philippines' trading partners in ASEAN. It only fared better than Cambodia and Laos. The Philippines and Myanmar traded only $47.07 million in 2012. The Philippines grant Burmese citizens visa-free access for 30 days. Myanmar on the other"
"Burma in 3 wars: 1824–26, 1852–53, and finally in 1886, when ‘Burma’ became part of the British Empire as a province of British India. Burma gained its independence in 1948. ""The military has dominated government since General Ne Win led a coup in 1962 that toppled the civilian government of U Nu. Burma remains under the tight control of the military-led State Peace and Development Council."" Burma is home to one of the longest running civil wars in the world. Over the last 50 years, opposition organisations representing a variety of political agendas have taken up arms against the central"
"Burma, Thailand including the capital city Bangkok, Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam and South Vietnam (now belonging to Vietnam), China, British Hong Kong, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands and Japan. It was the fourth central solar eclipse visible from Bangkok from 1948 to 1958, where it is rare for a large city to witness 4 central solar eclipses in just 10 years. Solar eclipse of April 19, 1958 An annular solar eclipse occurred on April 19, 1958. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer"
"Economy of Myanmar Myanmar (also known as Burma) is an emerging economy with a nominal GDP of $69.322 billion in 2017 and an estimated purchasing power adjusted GDP of $327.629 billion billion in 2017 according to World Bank. For 2018 estimate, the country's per capita will be $6,509 in PPP per capita and $1,490 in nominal per capita. Historically, Burma was the main trade route between India and China since 100 BC. The Mon Kingdom of lower Burma served as important trading centre in the Bay of Bengal. According to Michael Adas, Ian Brown, and other economic historians of Burma,"
"the official name of Burma to ""Myanmar"". In the 1990s, the junta changed the name of Arakan State to Rakhine State — a name reflecting the dominance of the Rakhine majority. Many in the Rohingya minority strongly opposed the move. The region has seen conflict between the Burmese state, Rakhine nationalists and Rohingya rebels. In more recent times, Rakhine State has been notable for the exodus of refugees into neighboring countries because of military operations by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Army). Claudius Ptolemy identified Arakan as ""Argyré"". Portuguese records spelled the name as ""Arracao"". The name was spelled as ""Araccan"" in"
"Mandalay. Bilateral relations between Burma and the Republic of India have improved considerably since 1993, overcoming disagreements related to drug trafficking, the suppression of democracy and the rule of the military junta in Burma. Burma is situated to the south of the states of Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. The proximity of the People's Republic of China give strategic importance to Indo-Burmese relations. The Indo-Burmese border stretches over 1,600 kilometers. India is generally friendly with Burma, but is concerned by the flow of tribal refugees and the arrest of Aung San Suu Kyi. As a result"
"applied to the old Burmese kingdom destroyed by the British in the 19th century. In the 1930s, the left-wing independence parties favoured the name ""Bama"", as they thought this name was more inclusive of minorities than ""Myanma"". The Burmese puppet state set up by the Japanese occupation forces during the Second World War was officially called ""Bama"". When the Japanese used their own syllabary, they transliterated the three consonants of the Dutch name ""Birma"" and ended up with the name Biruma (ビルマ). At the time of independence in 1948, the ""Union of Burma"" was the name that was chosen for"