"Wisconsinan glaciation period. Opuntia chlorotica Opuntia chlorotica is a species of plant in the Cactaceae family. It is a species of prickly pear native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its common names include pancake prickly pear, flapjack prickly pear and dollarjoint prickly pear. This cactus is bluish-green and manifests a bushy to erect form that may attain a height of two meters or more. Some analysis of the prehistoric range of ""O. chlorotica"" has been conducted by studies in the Waterman Mountains of Arizona; these pollen core analyses indicate that this cactus species was present in northern"
"Opuntia Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, ""Cactaceae"". Prickly pears are also known as ""tuna"" (fruit), ""sabra"", ""nopal"" (paddle, plural ""nopales"") from the Nahuatl word ""nōpalli"" for the pads, or nostle, from the Nahuatl word ""nōchtli"" for the fruit; or paddle cactus. The genus is named for the Ancient Greek city of Opus, where, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew and could be propagated by rooting its leaves. The most common culinary species is the Indian fig opuntia (""O. ficus-indica""). ""O. ficus-indica"" is a large trunk-forming segmented cactus which may grow to with"
"to 6 centimeters long. It was common along the coasts and adjacent inland areas of California, but development has reduced its populations. Opuntia oricola Opuntia oricola is a species of prickly pear cactus known by the common name chaparral prickly pear. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. ""Opuntia oricola"" is a large treelike cactus often exceeding 2 meters in height. The branches are made up of rounded flat segments up to 25 centimeters long. It is covered in clusters of curved, yellowish spines usually around 2 centimeters"
"in the United States. This was dubbed the ""Cactus Curtain"", an allusion to Europe's Iron Curtain and the Bamboo Curtain in East Asia. Opuntia Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, ""Cactaceae"". Prickly pears are also known as ""tuna"" (fruit), ""sabra"", ""nopal"" (paddle, plural ""nopales"") from the Nahuatl word ""nōpalli"" for the pads, or nostle, from the Nahuatl word ""nōchtli"" for the fruit; or paddle cactus. The genus is named for the Ancient Greek city of Opus, where, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew and could be propagated by rooting its leaves. The most"
"the others, rarely an inch in length: flowers greenish yellow, 1-1¼ inches wide: fruit ovate to subglobose. with few spines or bristles, mostly sterile, an inch or less long; seeds few and large. Rocky Mountain region from Canada to New Mexico. Opuntia fragilis Opuntia fragilis, known by the common names brittle pricklypear and little prickly pear, is a prickly pear cactus native to much of western North America as well as some eastern states such as Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Michigan. It occurs in several Canadian provinces. It is known from farther north than any other cactus, occurring at as"
"spread from New South Wales and caused great ecological damage in the eastern states. They are also found in the Mediterranean region of Northern Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they grow all over the countryside, and in parts of southern Europe, especially Spain, where they grow in the east, south-east and south of the country, and also in Malta, where they grow all over the islands. They can be found in enormous numbers in parts of South Africa, where they were introduced from South America. Prickly pears are considered an invasive species in Australia, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Hawaii, among"
"also native to sandy coastal beach scrub environments of the East Coast from Florida to southern Connecticut (""Opuntia humifusa""). ""Opuntia"" species are the most cold-tolerant of the lowland cacti, extending into western and southern Canada; one subspecies, ""O. fragilis"" var. ""fragilis"", has been found growing along the Beatton River in central British Columbia, southwest of Cecil Lake at 56° 17’ N latitude and 120° 39’ W longitude. Prickly pears also produce a fruit, commonly eaten in Mexico and in the Mediterranean region, known as ""tuna""; it also is used to make ""aguas frescas"". The fruit can be red, wine-red, green,"
"Pyrus salicifolia Pyrus salicifolia is a species of pear, native to the Middle East. It is widely grown as an ornamental tree, almost always as a pendulous (or ""weeping"") cultivar, and is called by various common names, including willow-leaved pear, weeping pear, and similar. The tree is deciduous and of comparatively small stature, rarely reaching 10–12 meters in height. The crown is rounded. It has pendulous, silvery foliage, superficially similar to a weeping willow. The flowers are large and pure white highlighted with black-tipped stamens although the buds are tipped with red. The small green fruits are inedible, being hard"
"natural hybrids between species. The above-mentioned taxonomic issues complicate any attempt to describe the distribution of particular varieties or species. ""O. gosseliniana"" is especially known from Mexico, but has been reported from Arizona. Opuntia gosseliniana Opuntia gosseliniana, commonly known as the violet pricklypear, is a species of cactus that is native to Pima County, Arizona in the United States and Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora in Mexico. Like most prickly pears, the pads are flat. Unlike most prickly pears, they have a violet, pink, or red tinge, hence the name. The cactus reaches mature heights of one to five feet"
"wild and cultivated to heights of 12–16 ft (4–5 m). In Namibia, ""O. ficus-indica"" is a common drought-resistant fodder plant. ""O. ficus-indica"" grows in many frost-free areas of the world, including the southern United States. The plant is considered an invasive species in northern Africa. Factors that limit the growth of prickly pear are rainfall, soil, atmospheric humidity and temperature. The minimum rainfall requirement is 200mm per year as long as the soils are sandy and deep. The ideal growth conditions when it comes to rainfall are 200–400 mm per year. ""O. ficus-indica"" is sensitive to lack of oxygen in"
"in late spring. This species was historically included in a broadly-defined ""Opuntia humifusa"" group, which is found further to the east. ""Opuntia cespitosa"" differs from ""Opuntia humifusa"" in its flowers having a red center. Opuntia cespitosa Opuntia cespitosa, commonly called the eastern prickly pear, is a species of cactus native to North America. It most common west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River, where it is found in the Midwest, Upper South and in Ontario. Its natural habitat is in dry, open areas, such as outcrops, glades, and barrens. ""Opuntia cespitosa"" is a prostrate succulent shrub,"
"Bay on Santa Cruz, ""Opuntia echios"" var. ""inermis"" on the Sierra Negra Volcano on Isabela and ""Opuntia echios"" var. ""zacana"" on North Seymour. Opuntia echios Opuntia echios is a species of plant in the Cactaceae family. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) and is commonly known as the Galápagos prickly pear, but there are five other species of prickly pears that also are endemic to the archipelago (""O. galapageia"", ""O. helleri"", ""O. insularis"", ""O. megasperma"" and ""O. saxicola""). There are five varieties of ""Opuntia echios"", each with a different appearance and distribution: ""Opuntia echios"" var. ""echios"" on the"
"Opuntia oricola Opuntia oricola is a species of prickly pear cactus known by the common name chaparral prickly pear. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. ""Opuntia oricola"" is a large treelike cactus often exceeding 2 meters in height. The branches are made up of rounded flat segments up to 25 centimeters long. It is covered in clusters of curved, yellowish spines usually around 2 centimeters long. The flowers are yellow, sometimes orange-tinged. The spherical fruit is purplish red on the outside, whitish and juicy inside, and up"
"Opuntia cespitosa Opuntia cespitosa, commonly called the eastern prickly pear, is a species of cactus native to North America. It most common west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River, where it is found in the Midwest, Upper South and in Ontario. Its natural habitat is in dry, open areas, such as outcrops, glades, and barrens. ""Opuntia cespitosa"" is a prostrate succulent shrub, usually no more than 1-2 segments tall. It has large white spines, and a low layer of reddish-brown glochids, which break off in the skin if touched. It produces a yellow and red flower"
"a crown of possibly in diameter and a trunk diameter of . Cladodes (large pads) are green to blue-green, bearing few spines up to or may be spineless. Prickly pears typically grow with flat, rounded cladodes (also called platyclades) containing large, smooth, fixed spines and small, hairlike prickles called glochids that readily adhere to skin or hair, then detach from the plant. The flowers are typically large, axillary, solitary, bisexual, and epiperigynous, with a perianth consisting of distinct, spirally arranged tepals and a hypanthium. The stamens are numerous and in spiral or whorled clusters, and the gynoecium has numerous inferior"
"tall. The branches are made up of oval-shaped flat segments up to long. It is covered in clusters of yellowish spines long. The flowers are pale yellow to dull red occurring in May to June. The fruit is purplish red and up to long. The fruit is edible. Opuntia littoralis Opuntia littoralis is a species of prickly pear cactus known by the common name coastal pricklypear. It is sometimes called the sprawling prickly pear due to its short stems and habit of growing close to the ground. """"Littoral"""" means ""pertaining to the seashore"". ""Opuntia littoralis"" is native to southern California"
"Opuntia gosseliniana Opuntia gosseliniana, commonly known as the violet pricklypear, is a species of cactus that is native to Pima County, Arizona in the United States and Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora in Mexico. Like most prickly pears, the pads are flat. Unlike most prickly pears, they have a violet, pink, or red tinge, hence the name. The cactus reaches mature heights of one to five feet and blooms either yellow or red. Different authorities disagree on the division of plants into ""Opuntia chlorotica"", ""Opuntia violacea"", ""Opuntia gosseliniana"", ""Opuntia macrocentra"", and perhaps others. To complicate the issue, there are numerous"
"in ""A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony"" in 1839. Gastrolobium spinosum Gastrolobium spinosum, also known as prickly poison, is a shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the Southwest Australia The species ranges from 0.3 to 3.5 metres in height. It has leaves with spiky, dentate margins and a long, tapering, pointed apex. The pea flowers are yellow to orange with a band of red surrounding the yellow centre, and a pink and maroon keel. These are produced from early spring to early summer (September to December in Australia). The species was first formally"
"Prickly pears in Australia Prickly pears (Genus ""Opuntia"") are an invasive plant species in Australia. Prickly pears (mostly ""Opuntia stricta"") were imported into Australia in the 19th century for use as a natural agricultural fence and in an attempt to establish a cochineal dye industry. Many of these, especially the Tiger Pear, quickly became widespread invasive species, rendering of farming land unproductive. The moth ""Cactoblastis cactorum"" from South America, whose larvae eat prickly pear, was introduced in 1925 and almost wiped out the population. This case is often cited as an example of successful biological pest control. In the early"
"Opuntia echios Opuntia echios is a species of plant in the Cactaceae family. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) and is commonly known as the Galápagos prickly pear, but there are five other species of prickly pears that also are endemic to the archipelago (""O. galapageia"", ""O. helleri"", ""O. insularis"", ""O. megasperma"" and ""O. saxicola""). There are five varieties of ""Opuntia echios"", each with a different appearance and distribution: ""Opuntia echios"" var. ""echios"" on the islands of Santa Cruz, Baltra, Daphne Major and South Plaza, ""Opuntia echios"" var. ""barringtonensis"" on Santa Fe, ""Opuntia echios"" var. ""gigantea"" near Academy"
"by the larvae of two moths, ""Cactoblastis cactorum"" and ""Tucumania tapiacola"". Opuntia aurantiaca Opuntia aurantiaca, commonly known as tiger-pear, jointed cactus or jointed prickly-pear, is a species of cactus from South America. The species occurs naturally in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay and is considered an invasive species in Africa and Australia. It was declared a Weed of National Significance by the Australian Weeds Committee in April 2012, and was reported by the Committee to be the most troublesome of all cactus species in New South Wales and the worst Opuntia species in Queensland. It is currently controlled biologically in Australia"
"it means a completed action. Chenille prickly pear, one of its vernacular names, comes for the fringe of spines around the edge of the pad. The specific name also means ""covered with small pins"". This plant grows numerous stems covered with spines. The stems have segments partly rounded at the apex. They are faded and dull grey-green, more or less glaucous. They measure 10–20 cm in length. The leaves are acicular and ephemeral. The aeroles are often spineless with symmetrical regularity of them on the body. They are large, widely separated. It has numerous glochids or microspines, 3–12 mm long,"
"Cacopsylla pyricola Cacopsylla pyricola, commonly known as the pear sucker, is a true bug in the family Psyllidae and is a pest of pear trees (""Pyrus""). It originated in Europe, was introduced to the United States in the early nineteenth century and spread across the country in the next century. The eggs are tiny, stalked, oval, and cream to yellow, darkening before they hatch. The first instar nymphs are yellowish or pinkish and flattened, but later instars are greenish to dark brown, with distinctive red eyes and developing wing buds. The edges of the buds bear three to five knobbed"
"porcupine (""Coendou nycthemera""). Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine The Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine, ""Coendou spinosus"", is a South American porcupine species from the family Erethizontidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. They have a short tail and gray brown quills and feed on fruits, ant pupae, vegetables and roots. This species was formerly sometimes assigned to ""Sphiggurus"", a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. The population formerly recognized as the orange-spined hairy dwarf porcupine (""Sphiggurus villosus"") has been reclassified to this species. Its closest relatives are the bicolored-spined porcupine (""Coendou bicolor"") and"
"Pearly parakeet The pearly parakeet (""Pyrrhura lepida""), more commonly known as the pearly conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot that is endemic to east Amazonian forests in Brazil. Its taxonomic history is potentially confusing. It was formerly known as ""Pyrrhura perlata"", but following a review it was discovered that the type specimen, long believed to belong to this species, actually was a juvenile of the closely related crimson-bellied parakeet. Consequently, ""P. perlata"" was transferred to that species, while the next name in line for the pearly parakeet, ""P. lepida"", became its valid scientific name. Traditionally, three subspecies of"
"or gravelly soils. It is one of the shorter species of the genus, rarely over 30 cm (1 foot) tall, spreading horizontally and forming large clumps. Flowers are showy and bright yellow, sometimes with red markings near the base of the petals. Fruits are narrow, red, juicy and edible. Several varieties have proposed within the species. More study is needed to determine whether these should continue to be recognized as varieties, elevated to species status, or regarded as mere synonyms. Opuntia macrorhiza Opuntia macrorhiza is a common and widespread species of cactus with the common names plains prickly pear or"
"(""Pyrus calleryana"" 'Bradford') in particular has become widespread in North America, and is used only as an ornamental tree, as well as a blight-resistant rootstock for ""Pyrus communis"" fruit orchards. The Willow-leaved pear (""Pyrus salicifolia"") is grown for its attractive, slender, densely silvery-hairy leaves. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:- The purely decorative cultivar ""P. salicifolia"" ‘Pendula’, with pendulous branches and silvery leaves, has also won the award. Summer and autumn cultivars of ""Pyrus communis"", being climacteric fruits, are gathered before they are fully ripe, while they are still green, but snap off"
"Opuntia fragilis Opuntia fragilis, known by the common names brittle pricklypear and little prickly pear, is a prickly pear cactus native to much of western North America as well as some eastern states such as Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Michigan. It occurs in several Canadian provinces. It is known from farther north than any other cactus, occurring at as far as 56°N latitude in British Columbia. There is an isolated and possibly genetically unique population in Eastern Ontario known as the ""Kaladar population"". Brittle pricklypear is a small decumbent cactus that grows to a maximum height of 10 centimeters (4"
"Opuntia macrorhiza Opuntia macrorhiza is a common and widespread species of cactus with the common names plains prickly pear or twistspine pricklypear or Western pricklypear. It is found throughout the Great Plains of the United States, from Texas to Minnesota, as well as in the desert and Rocky Mountain states from Arizona to Idaho, with sporadic populations in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. It is also reported from northern Mexico, in the states of Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Durango, Tamaulipas, and San Luís Potosí. The species is cultivated as an ornamental in other locations. The species prefers dry, sandy"
"the second Sunday of May. A major festival in San Cono is the ""Sagra del Fico d'India"" (which translates to the Festival of the Prickly Pears), held on the first Sunday in October each year. San Cono, Sicily San Cono () is a small village and ""comune"" in the Metropolitan City of Catania on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. It is an agricultural community, and is known particularly for its production of prickly pears. Located in the south-eastern corner of the province, close to the provinces of Caltanissetta and Ennna, San Cono borders with the municipalities of Mazzarino (CL),"
"in the food web. Charles Darwin was the first to note that these cacti have thigmotactic anthers: when the anthers are touched, they curl over, depositing their pollen. This movement can be seen by gently poking the anthers of an open ""Opuntia"" flower. The same trait has evolved convergently in other cacti (e.g. ""Lophophora""). The first introduction of prickly pears into Australia is ascribed to Governor Philip and the earliest colonists in 1788. Brought from Brazil to Sydney, prickly pear grew in Sydney, New South Wales, where they were rediscovered in a farmer's garden in 1839. They appear to have"
"long. The fruit is a toothed capsule containing several small yellowish seeds. Arenaria aculeata Arenaria aculeata (syn. ""Eremogone aculeata"") is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name prickly sandwort. It is native to the western United States, where it grows mainly in mountainous areas, on rocky slopes and volcanic soils. This is a mat-forming perennial herb growing in clumps of waxy foliage on short, hairy, glandular stems. The leaves are very thin and pointed, somewhat needlelike, and up to 3 or 4 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an open array of flowers with"
"Gastrolobium spinosum Gastrolobium spinosum, also known as prickly poison, is a shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the Southwest Australia The species ranges from 0.3 to 3.5 metres in height. It has leaves with spiky, dentate margins and a long, tapering, pointed apex. The pea flowers are yellow to orange with a band of red surrounding the yellow centre, and a pink and maroon keel. These are produced from early spring to early summer (September to December in Australia). The species was first formally described by English botanist George Bentham, this description being published by John Lindley"