"impossible because they were formerly aggressive states (therefore requiring cognitive dissonance to even entertain the notion that democratic reform was desirable), but rather that it was due to ongoing aggression at the time that China was trying to modernize, thereby sapping the resources China needed in order to enact democratic reform and dissuading Chinese people from enacting similar forms of government. Mao then talks passionately about the early years of the Chinese communist revolution against Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang (the government of the Republic of China which ultimately relocated to Taiwan), and of destroyed and crumbling ""imperialist"""
"a decisive turning point in post-1949 Chinese history, marking the beginning of the wholesale repudiation of Mao's Cultural Revolution policies, and set China on the course for nationwide economic reforms. The meeting took place at the Jingxi Hotel in western Beijing. Before the plenum, demands for a repudiation of the Cultural Revolution increased, especially by those who were persecuted during Mao Zedong's last year. In October 1976, the radical Gang of Four led by Mao's widow Jiang Qing was arrested, and Deng Xiaoping himself—Mao's chief rival from 1975 to 1976—was officially rehabilitated in 1977. Although Hua Guofeng, who succeeded Chairman"
"in two companies owned by Anbang, which was followed by news of the couple's separation in 2015. Deng Nan Deng Nan () (born October 1945 in Guang'an, Sichuan) is a Chinese politician and physicist. Deng was born the second daughter of Deng Xiaoping with his third wife Zhuo Lin. Deng studied physics at Peking University from 1964-1970. During university, she was secretary of the branch Communist Youth League of China. In Spring 1968, Nie Yuanzi directed Red Guards to detain Deng and her elder brother Deng Pufang. They were imprisoned in separate rooms of the physics department in an attempt"
"and began taking up tasks again. Huang is credited with saving China's first premier Zhou Enlai from kidnappers in 1930, by based on information she learned from the Kuomintang. She was the person who alerted the Communist leadership to the defection of the party's General Secretary Xiang Zhongfa and, thanks to her alarm, heavy losses were avoided. Huang Mulan was twice imprisoned and spent 17 years in prison from the 1950s to 1975. Following her release, Huang kept filing lawsuits to clear her name. In 1980, with the support of Zhou Enlai's widow Deng Yingchao, her achievements were confirmed by"
"false, although the allegations underscored the tensions between the economic reformist and Maoist traditionalist factions of the Communist Party regarding the political crisis. The Chinese government later arrested six people and shut down sixteen websites for allegedly spreading rumors of the coup. Bo Xilai's wife Gu Kailai was convicted of the poisoning of Heywood and received a suspended death sentence in August 2012. In September 2012, Wang was convicted on charges of abuse of power, bribery, and defection, and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. In August 2013, Bo Xilai was sentenced to life in prison for bribery, abuse of"
"the widow of President Sun Yat-sen. When Soong's mother died, Hu accompanied Soong back to China to attend her funeral in July 1931, before returning to Germany. In 1932, her image appeared on the cover of the popular magazine ""The Young Companion"". In December 1932, Hu was briefly arrested by the German police after attending a protest against the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Two months later, following the Nazi ""Machtergreifung"", Adolf Hitler suppressed the German Communist Party and threw thousands of party members in jail. Hu Lanqi was arrested and imprisoned for three months. When the news reached China, Soong"
"Zemin. China's new leadership team of general secretary Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao may have decided to make an example of Zhou to embarrass Jiang Zemin's associates. On October 23, 2006, the Independent Commission Against Corruption of Hong Kong obtained approval from a Hong Kong court to arrest Zhou for allegedly providing false information to the city's stock market regulators in relation to his acquisition of a listed company in 2002. In January 2006, Zhou's wife, Sandy Mo Yuk-ping, was sentenced to 3 years' imprisonment in Hong Kong for manipulating the price of Shanghai Land shares with the aim of"
"to investigate Xu was reportedly made on 15 March 2014, when Xu was taken from his hospital bed by armed policemen. His wife, daughter and former secretary were also reportedly taken into custody. At a Chinese New Year gala for retired military officials in 2014, Xu reportedly tried to speak to Xi Jinping, who is the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, several times, without success. Xu was expelled from the Communist Party of China on 30 June 2014. State media described Xu's crimes as abuse of power, accepting bribes directly or via family members in exchange for promotions, and"
"by the authorities. Harassment continued when on September 9, 1994, she was arrested in front of the University and held by police for two hours, for having had published an article in the foreign media ""hurtful to the people"". Again in 1995, she and her husband were arrested in Wuxi on August 18 and incarcerated until September 30, allegedly on ""economic matters"", and were denied visitors. In 1996 Ding's husband was forced to retire early. Since February 28, 2000, she has been under 24-hour surveillance by the authorities. In 2004, she and other Tiananmen Mothers were put under house arrest"
"diplomacy eventually led to the normalization of Sino-American relationships in 1979. In 1973, Zhuang Zedong became a favorite of Jiang Qing, wife of Mao Zedong and leader of the Cultural Revolution. After the downfall in October, 1976 of the Gang of Four of which Jiang Qing was a member, Zhuang Zedong was jailed and investigated. In 1980, the investigation ended and he was sent to Taiyuan, Shanxi to work as a coach of the provincial table tennis team. In 1985, Zhuang was allowed to return to Beijing again, and it was arranged that he would coach the young table tennis"
"and which they tried to alleviate. However, in 1966 Liu, the official State Chair was outfoxed by his resurgent predecessor. The Cultural Revolution brought ""douzhenghui"" violence to bear against the three Soviet wives and the men who had married them. Each was charged with, and made to confess to, various crimes. The following year the three couples, including the divorced Grania and Zhang Bao, were formally arrested. Li died within days of his arrest, on June 22, 1967; the others were to spend years in a Beijing prison and then years in enforced rustification, a sort of internal exile. Eva"
"its leaders as among ""the main instigators and organizers in the capital of the counter-revolutionary rebellion."" In the aftermath of the crackdown, when many members of the BWAF were arrested, Lü spent several weeks absconding: first hiding in a friend's apartment, before fleeing to Hebei Province in the northeast, where her husband was working (her husband, Li Zhilang, would serve seven months in prison for sheltering her after the crackdown). On August 19, she was placed on the Chinese government's most wanted list as a ""major criminal who has not yet been caught,"" being the only female worker to be"
"Qingshan (1916-1952) and Zhang Zishan (1914-1952), two communist officials who used their positions for private gain. Liu and Zhang were both publicly executed. At the start of the Cultural Revolution, Liu was caught up in the case of the 61 Renegades alongside Bo Yibo, An Ziwen and others. As a result, he was imprisoned for 8 years, during which time his wife committed suicide. In 1978, after his release, Liu was named vice-chair of the United Front Work Department. In July 1979, Liu was made a vice-chairman of the 5th CPPCC and in September of that was selected as a"
"rest of his life. Peng lived in virtual obscurity until 1965, when the reformers Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping supported Peng's limited return to government, developing military industries in Southwest China. In 1966, following the advent of the Cultural Revolution, Peng was arrested by Red Guards. From 1966–1970, radical factions within the Communist Party, led by Lin Biao and Mao's wife, Jiang Qing, singled out Peng for national persecution, and Peng was publicly humiliated in numerous large-scale struggle sessions and subjected to physical and psychological torture in organized efforts to force Peng to confess his ""crimes"" against Mao Zedong and"
"the mine management since the former state-owned business was re-structured and became a private enterprise. Yuan’s legal aid work in Jixi City since 1998 on behalf of farmers, miners, displaced persons, and other impoverished or exploited citizens earned him the ire of local government officials. Yuan was taken into police custody in Jixi, Heilongjiang on May 24, 2008. Yuan was formally detained on May 29 and arrested on suspicion of ""subversion of state power"" on June 30. His wife, Zhang, was detained at the same time on charges of ""disturbing social order,"" and was later released on bail on July"
"Gang of Four The Gang of Four () was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The gang's leading figure was Jiang Qing (Mao Zedong's last wife). The other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen. The Gang of Four controlled the power organs of the Communist Party of China through the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made by Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang,"
"flee following a botched coup against Mao. Others have argued that they fled out of fear they would be purged, as Lin's relationship with other Communist Party leaders had soured in the final few years of his life. Following Lin's death, he was officially condemned as a traitor by the Communist Party. Since the late 1970s Lin, and Mao's wife Jiang Qing (with her Gang of Four) have been labeled the two major ""counter-revolutionary forces"" of the Cultural Revolution, receiving official blame from the Chinese government. Lin Biao was the son of a prosperous merchant family in Huanggang, Hubei. His"
"targeted intellectuals and party leaders from 1966 through 1976. Mao's goal was to purify communism by removing pro-capitalists and traditionalists by imposing Maoist orthodoxy within the Communist Party. The movement paralyzed China politically and weakened the country economically, culturally and intellectually for years. Millions of people were accused, humiliated, stripped of power and either imprisoned, killed or most often sent to work as farm laborers. Mao insisted that these ""revisionists"" be removed through violent class struggle. The two most prominent militants were Marshall Lin Biao of the army and Mao's wife Jiang Qing. China's youth responded to Mao's appeal by"
"made him suspicious to his powerful party comrades. Eventually, in 1958, he was placed under house arrest and two years later disappeared from the public eye. He was imprisoned in solitary confinement in Beijing for the next 18 years. During his imprisonment, his wife, a Tibetan Muslim from Lhasa who stayed behind in Beijing with their children, died while she was imprisoned, and all children were sent to different prisons. It was only in 1975 that his family was told that he was still alive and had been incarcerated in a maximum-security prison for political prisoners. Unbeknownst to Phünwang, his"
"be removed by force in order to restore stability. On the morning of October 6, 1976, Jiang Qing came to Mao's former residence in Zhongnanhai, gathered her close aides and Mao's former personal aides in a ""Study Mao's Work"" session. According to Du Xiuxian, her photographer, Jiang Qing remarked that she knew people within the Central Committee were plotting against her. After the session, Jiang Qing took several aides to Jingshan Park to pick apples. In the evening, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, and Yao Wenyuan were arrested and kept in the lower level of Zhongnanhai. According to Zhang"
"was officially expelled from the CCP. The CCEG's membership included most of the membership of the Cultural Revolution Group and Zhou Enlai, with Mao Zedong's wife Jiang Qing taking a particularly active role in the building of cases against individuals. In addition, other members included Wang Dongxing and Ye Qun, the wife of Lin Biao. The CCEG was responsible to the Politburo Standing Committee, and wielded significant power in the realm of public security. It took the decisions to arrest, torture and imprison suspected 'revisionist' elements. For example, at the time of Twelfth Plenum in October 1968, 88 fully fledged"
"residential surveillance on Yu Zhijian's activities. On February 2006, Yu Zhijian was rearrested as part of a police roundup of dissidents conducting a hunger strike to support laborers, farmers, intellectuals, free religious believers, as well as members of all communities and all groups who were persecuted or beaten. The authority placed him under criminal detention and suspected him of ""subversion of state power"". In 2009, Yu Zhijian and his wife Xian Gui'e fled to the U.S. from China for two main reasons. They stated that they could not bear continued repression and they wanted to go to the U.S. to"
"under investigation by the Communist Party's anti-corruption agency. On January 15, 2018, he was sentenced to 18 years for accepting bribes, holding a huge amount of property from an unidentified source and abusing his power by the Loudi Intermediate People's Court. His wife Yang Lan was sentenced to 3 years for accepting bribes. Li married Yang Lan (; born 12 April 1968), who served as a section member in Changsha Municipal Government before detaining by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). Li Yilong Li Yilong (; born June 1956) is a former Chinese politician who spent his entire career"
"was eager to take over the country as soon as he was gone, but Mao didn't want that. He once said ""My wife does not represent me, and her views are not my views."" The ideological struggle between more pragmatic, veteran party officials and the radicals re-emerged with a vengeance in late 1975. The Gang of Four sought to attack their political opponents and rid them one by one. From their failed attempts at defaming popular Premier Zhou Enlai, the Gang launched a media campaign against the emerging Deng Xiaoping, who they deemed to be a serious political challenge. In"
"in a labor re-education camp in 1996. Liu prefers to lead the solitary life of an intellectual. However, being the wife of an oft-imprisoned activist, she has been forced to act as his proxy in the public arena. She has been described as her husband's ""most important link to the outside world."" Because she is the wife of one of China's most prominent human rights advocates, she also personally experiences pressures from Chinese authorities for publicly voicing opinions. Since his arrest, she has lived under constant surveillance. From the time of their marriage, during his several terms in prison, she"
"continues to voice the need for political reform in China. He was a signer of the Charter 08 manifesto and calls for the release of Liu Xiaobo, an organiser of the charter who was arrested in December 2008. On January 19, 2005, the Washington Post reported that Bao Tong and his wife were injured in attacks by more than 20 plainclothes security agents as they attempted to leave their home to pay their respect to the family of Zhao Ziyang, who died on January 17. The authorities would only allow him access to a doctor if he removed a white"
"the Communist Party of China, a quasi-government organization, announced that Wang and Yu's arrest was completely injustice and was due to political persecution by Jiang Qing, then Mao's wife and a member of the Gang of Four. Wang retired from Tsinghua in 1976 and lives in Beijing until died in 2010. Her younger brothers , , sister-in-law (husband of Wang Shoucan) were members of Chinese Academy of Sciences; her older sister was a professor in obstetrics and gynaecology. Wang Mingzhen's grandmother founded a girl middle school in Suzhou, a predecessor of Suzhou No.10 Middle School, of which Wang was an"
"for their arrests in Beijing. Afterwards he took on the titles of party chairman and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Hua is thus far the only leader to have simultaneously held the offices of party leader, premier and CMC chairman. Hua attempted moderate reforms and reversing some of the excesses of Cultural Revolution-era policies. However, because of his insistence on continuing the Maoist line and refusal to adopt large-scale reforms, he faced resistance in the upper echelons of the party. In December 1978, a group of party veterans led by Deng Xiaoping, a pragmatic reformer, forced Hua from power"
"to her fiance, Cheng's prior activism included signing petitions including one calling for the release of Liu Xiaobo. Cheng had also been detained by police for five days in August 2010 after voicing support for Liu Xianbin, a long-time democracy activist dating back to the protests that preceded the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989. Liu Xianbin had been detained in 2010, suspected of inciting subversion of state power for criticizing China's Communist Party. Cheng had also raised support for Zhao Lianhai, a former food safety worker who became an activist for parents of children harmed during the 2008 Chinese milk"
"Article 28 of the Chinese constitution. ""The state maintains public order and suppresses treasonable and other counter-revolutionary activities; it penalizes actions that endanger public security and disrupt the socialist economy and other criminal activities, and punishes and reforms criminals."" The charge was used to label Lin Biao after his death in 1971 from a plane crash. He was alleged to have been planning a coup against Mao Zedong, and Mao's wife Jiang Qing used the opportunity to launch the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign against her political rivals. Subsequently, the charge was used against Jiang Qing herself following the death"
"and other revolutionaries. After Qing authorities noted his presence in China, Qin began his third journey to Japan, studying law at Waseda University. Qin was arrested in 1908, soon after having traveled to China. Released after the Wuchang Uprising, Qin joined the Progressive Association and was active in the Xinhai Revolution. Qin made his way to Japan in 1913, after the Second Revolutition, and there, joined the Kuomintang. Sun Yat-sen appointed Qin to several party posts in Hunan. During this time, he married his second wife, Mei Hexiu. In 1924, Qin attended the Kuomintang First National Congress, where he was"
"Zeng Shan Zeng Shan (; 1899–1972) was a Chinese Communist military commander and security minister. His wife, Deng Liujin, was one of the few women who participated in the Long March, and later ran a school for the children of high cadres. He was the father of Zeng Qinghong, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China from 2003 to 2008. Zeng backed Mao Zedong in the Jiangxi Soviet confrontation with Li Lisan, and was at one point Chairman of the Chinese Soviet Republic government. He was a key player in the violent 1931 purge of the so-called Anti-Bolshivik Corps."
"the NEA, and was succeeded by Wu Xinxiong. At around 11pm on Saturday, May 11, 2013, Liu and his wife Guo Jinghua were taken into custody from their Muxidi-area apartment in Beijing by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). A day later, the CCDI publicly announced that Liu was under investigation for corruption, thus making him one of the first 'casualties' of the widespread campaign against corruption initiated under Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. On May 14, 2013, Liu was dismissed from his position as Vice-Chairman of the NDRC. On August 8, Liu was"