"and many more were injured. At the day's end, races were held, with prizes given to the townspeople. Lughnasadh or Lammas is also the name used for one of the eight sabbats in the Neopagan Wheel of the Year. It is the first of the three autumn harvest festivals, the other two being the autumn equinox (also called Mabon) and Samhain. In the Northern Hemisphere it takes place around 1 August, while in the Southern Hemisphere it is celebrated around 1 February. Lammas is one of the Scottish quarter days. ""Lammas leaves"" or ""Lammas growth"" refers to a second crop"
"days as Candlemas on 28 February, Whitsunday on 28 May, Lammas on 28 August and Martinmas on 28 November, with Whitsunday and Martinmas being the two term days. This Act provides that any lease, agreement or undertaking, whether written or oral, which contains a specific or general reference to a term or quarter day, including those concluded before the change, shall be understood as referring to the new definitions of the days (i.e. as 28 February/May/August/November). Where it was intended in a contract concluded prior to the passing of the Act that a reference to a term or quarter day"
"name ""Lammas"" (contraction of ""loaf mass"") implies it is an agrarian-based festival and feast of thanksgiving for grain and bread, which symbolises the first fruits of the harvest. Christian festivals may incorporate elements from the Pagan Ritual. The holiday of the autumnal equinox, ""Harvest Home"", ""Mabon"", the ""Feast of the Ingathering"", ' or ' (in Neo-Druid traditions), is a modern Pagan ritual of thanksgiving for the fruits of the earth and a recognition of the need to share them to secure the blessings of the Goddess and the God during the coming winter months. The name ""Mabon"" was coined by"
"derives from Lammas Day, which falls on 1 August. Since 1954, better planning, understanding of rainfall patterns and sturdier building has severely marginalised the impact of the Lammas Floods, however both 2007 and 2008 saw their return to Newmilns, when heavy rainfall caused burns north of the town to burst their banks and flow through the streets, again causing damage to homes and businesses across the town. Aside the usual array of clubs and organisations catering for different age ranges and interest groups, Newmilns is host to a variety of different sports, leisure & social pursuits including a bowling club,"
"moves each year, the legal Term Day of Whitsun was fixed in Scotland as 26 May in the Julian Calendar, which became 15 May under the Gregorian Calendar, adopted in Scotland in 1599. Lammas was celebrated on 1 August, the day the first fruits of the harvest were offered, the name coming from the Anglo-Saxon for 'loaf-mass' or 'bread-feast'. Martinmas, on 11 November, was originally the feast of Saint Martin of Tours, a 4th-century bishop and hermit. In Scotland, 1886 saw the term dates for removals and the hiring of servants in towns changed to 28 February, 28 May, 28"
"charms directed that the lammas bread be broken into four bits, which were to be placed at the four corners of the barn, to protect the garnered grain. The term Lammas ""is a contraction of the ninth-century Anglo-Saxon expression Hláf mæsse, “from the hallowed bread [hláf—hence “loaf”] which is hallowed on Lammas Day"". According to Wilson (2011), ""at Lammas, the fruits of the first cereal harvest were baked and used as an offering to make the grain storage barn safe"". A recent revival of the festival has taken place in Eastbourne, in East Sussex. Thanks have been given for successful"
"and followed by Lammas or Lughnasadh. Some Wiccan traditions call the festival ""Litha"", a name occurring in Bede's ""The Reckoning of Time"" (', 8th century), which preserves a list of the (then-obsolete) Anglo-Saxon names for the twelve months. ' (""first"" or ""preceding"" ') roughly corresponds to June in the Gregorian calendar, and ' (""following"" """") to July. Bede writes that ""Litha means ""gentle"" or ""navigable"", because in both these months the calm breezes are gentle and they were wont to sail upon the smooth sea"". Lammas or Lughnasadh () is the first of the three Wiccan harvest festivals, the other"
"Candlemas Candlemas (also spelled Candlemass), also known as the Feast of the Presentation of Our Lord Jesus and the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Christian Holy Day commemorating the presentation of Jesus at the Temple. It is based upon the account of the presentation of Jesus in Luke 2:22–40. In accordance with Leviticus 12: a woman was to be presented for purification by sacrifice 33 days after a boy's circumcision. It falls on February 2, which is traditionally the 40th day of the Christmas–Epiphany season. While it is customary for Christians in some countries"
"and is kept alive today as an annual event in a number of towns and villages in the north of England. According to Roud (2006), Rushbearing ceremonies continue to take place in Warcop and Grasmere, in Cumbria. Lammas is a corn festival which is celebrated on 1 August. The marks the annual wheat harvest, and is the first harvest festival of the year. On this day it was customary to bring to church a loaf made from the new crop. The loaf was blessed, and in Anglo-Saxon England it might be employed afterwards to work magic: a book of Anglo-Saxon"
"was prudent for her to request an escort to return to her family home. Lai appears in Domesday Book as one of the lost manors of Shropshire but its actual location is uncertain. At the opening of the novel, Lammas Day and Loaf Mass are mentioned as having been well-timed to the actual harvest from the good growing weather up to the start of August. The first of August did mark the expected time of the wheat harvest before the calendar change in the 18th century. The success of the three-day Saint Peter's Fair of this year is also mentioned."
"according to the religious law, followed by Jesus' presentation in the Jerusalem temple, and this explains the formal names given to the festival, as well as its falling 40 days after the Nativity. In Swedish and Finnish Lutheran Churches, Candlemas is (since 1774) always celebrated on a Sunday, at earliest on 2 February and at latest on 8 February, except if this Sunday happens to be the last Sunday before Lent, i.e. Shrove Sunday or Quinquagesima (, ), in which case Candlemas is celebrated one week earlier. In the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Feast, called ""The Coming of the Son"
"of Our Lord in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod observes 2 February as The Purification of Mary and the Presentation of Our Lord. In some Protestant churches, the feast is known as the Naming of Jesus (though historically he would have been named on the eighth day after the Nativity, when he was circumcised). Traditionally, Candlemas had been the last feast day in the Christian year that was dated by reference to Christmas. Subsequent moveable feasts are calculated with reference to Easter. Candlemas occurs 40 days after Christmas. Traditionally, the Western term ""Candlemas"" (or Candle"
"Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of May in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. In Ancient Rome, Ludi Plebeii was held from November 4–17, Epulum Jovis was held on November 13, and Brumalia celebrations began on November 24. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. November was referred to as Blōtmōnaþ by the Anglo-Saxons. Brumaire and Frimaire were the months on which November fell in the French Republican Calendar. November meteor showers include the Andromedids; which occurs from September 25 to December 6 and generally peak around November 9–14, the Leonids; which occur from November 15–20,"
"plus one day due to the twelfth skipped Julian leap day in 1800; however it was not changed to 7 April when a thirteenth Julian leap day was skipped in 1900). The dates of the quarter days observed in northern England until the 18th century were the same as those in Scotland. The cross-quarter days are four holidays falling in between the quarter days: Candlemas (2 February), May Day (1 May), Lammas (1 August), and All Hallows (1 November). The Scottish term days, which fulfil a similar role as days on which rents are paid, correspond more closely to the"
"and Quarter Days. Martinmas, on 11 November, was originally the feast of Saint Martin of Tours, a 4th-century bishop and hermit. Candlemas originally fell on 2 February, the day of the feast of the Purification, or the Presentation of Christ. Martinmas semester runs from early September until mid-December, with examinations taking place just before the Christmas break. There follows an inter-semester period when Martinmas semester business is concluded and preparations are made for the new Candlemas semester, which starts in January and concludes with examinations at the end of May. Graduation is celebrated at the end of June. In a"
"Ziemassvētki Ziemassvētki (), also Ziemsvētki is an annual festival in Latvia which observes the winter solstice and birth of Jesus Christ. Latvians around the world celebrate it from 24 to 26 December. 24 December is Ziemassvētki Eve (Christmas Eve), 25 December is The First Ziemassvētki, while 26 December is the Second Ziemassvētki. Christianity traditionally celebrates the birthday of Jesus Christ on 25 December, according to the Julian calendar, but Orthodox churches follow the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar and, as a result, the majority of Orthodox churches celebrate Ziemassvētki on 6, 7 and 8 January. Ziemassvētki is also celebrated by people"
"Chaturmas Chaturmas (, Cāturmāsa) is a holy period of four months (July to October), beginning on Shayani Ekadashi—the eleventh day of the bright half, Shukla paksha, of Ashadh (fourth month of the Hindu lunar calendar)—until Prabodhini Ekadashi, the eleventh day of the bright half of ""Kartik"" (eighth month of the Hindu lunar calendar) in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Chaturmas is reserved for penance, austerities, fasting, bathing in holy rivers and religious observances for all. Devotees resolve to observe some form of vow, be it of silence or abstaining from a favourite food item, or having only a single meal in"
"Ashtami Ashtami (अष्टमी ""aṣṭhamī"") is the eighth day (Tithi) of Hindu lunar calendar. Krishna Janmashtami or Gokul Ashtami is a Hindu festival celebrating the birth of Lord Krishna, an avatar of Hindu deity Vishnu. Krishna Janmashtami is observed on the Ashtami tithi, the eighth day of the dark half or Krishna Paksha of the month of Bhaadra in the Hindu calendar, when the Rohini Nakshatra (called Aldebaran in the West) is ascendant. Rasa lila or dramatic enactments of the life of Krishna are a special feature in regions of Mathura, and Vrindavan, Nalbari and regions following Vaishnavism in Manipur. Trilochana"
"name of a domestic animal (Quintidi) or an agricultural tool (Decadi). Other exceptions are the 8th day (Honey) and the 11th day (Wax). The original proposal of Fabre d'Églantine was Epicéa (Spruce) for the 8th and Thuya (White Cedar) for the 11th, but the National Convention shifted Honey and Wax from Nivôse to Frimaire thus foiling the original intention. Frimaire Frimaire () was the third month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word ""frimas"", which means ""frost"". Frimaire was the third month of the autumn quarter (""mois d'automne""). It started between 21 November and"
"T.A. 3019, the Reunited Kingdom adopts a New Reckoning, which begins the year on March 25 (Lady Day, the English new year between 1155 and 1752), the date of the downfall of Sauron. This makes it correspond more closely to the spring beginning of the Elven calendar. The months of the Reckonings are in Quenya (or Sindarin among the Dúnedain) and are: According to Jim Allan in ""An Introduction to Elvish"", the Númenórean Calendar is similar to the French Republican Calendar. For example, the names of the third month of Winter, ""Súlímë"" and ""Ventôse"", both mean 'Windy'. When lined up"
"Halloween or New Year's Eve. Modern Wiccans advocate practicing spodomancy on Lammas or Lughnasadh (August 1). Ashes from a bonfire or even a simple barbecue grill can be spread on the ground, and any symbols or images in the ashes interpreted. Shapes in the ashes have a wide variety of meaning. Spodomancy Spodomancy (also known as tephramancy and tephromancy) is a form of divination by examining cinders, soot, or ashes (), particularly although not exclusively from a ritual sacrifice. Spodomancy has been practiced by numerous cultures, ancient and modern, across the globe. While many practitioners (particularly in Europe) have performed"
"falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil. Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the"
"Mummer's Day Mummer's Day, or ""Darkie Day"" as it is sometimes known (a corruption of the original ""Darking Day""), is an ancient Cornish midwinter celebration that occurs every year on Boxing Day and New Year's Day in Padstow, Cornwall. It was originally part of the pagan heritage of midwinter celebrations that were regularly celebrated throughout Cornwall where people would take part in the traditional custom of guise dancing, which involves disguising themselves by painting their faces black or wearing masks. The dark face paint, masks and dark clothing are symbols of the celebration of the winter solstice, and is in"
"many mainland European countries tended to recognize Martinmas or St. Martin's Day (11 November), as the first calendar day of winter. The day falls at the midpoint between the old Julian equinox and solstice dates. Also, Valentine's Day (14 February) is recognized by some countries as heralding the first rites of spring, such as flowers blooming. In Chinese astronomy and other East Asian calendars, winter is taken to commence on or around 7 November, with the ""Jiéqì"" (known as 立冬 ""lì dōng""—literally, ""establishment of winter""). The three-month period associated with the coldest average temperatures typically begins somewhere in late November"
"reminiscent of the structures Israelite farmers would live in during the harvest, at the end of which they would bring a portion to the Temple in Jerusalem. An early harvest festival used to be celebrated at the beginning of the harvest season on 1 August and was called Lammas, meaning 'loaf Mass'. The Latin prayer to hallow the bread is given in the Durham Ritual. Farmers made loaves of bread from the fresh wheat crop. These were given to the local church as the Communion bread during a special service thanking God for the harvest. By the sixteenth century a"
"Roodmas Roodmas (from Old English ""rood"" ""rod"", ""cross"" and ""mas"", Mass; similar to the etymology of Christmas), was the celebration of the Feast of the Cross observed on May 3 in some Christian churches and rites, particularly the historical Gallican Rite of the Catholic Church. It commemorates the finding by Saint Helena of the True Cross in Jerusalem in 355. The feast originally commemorated the dedication of the Basilica of the Resurrection, and was linked with the finding of the Cross shortly thereafter. Saint Helena reportedly found the Cross on May 3, 355, but most Catholic and Eastern Orthodox rites"
"Michaelmas term Michaelmas term is the first academic term of the academic year in a number of English-speaking universities and schools in the northern hemisphere, especially in the United Kingdom. Michaelmas term derives its name from the Feast of St Michael and All Angels, which falls on 29 September. The term runs from September or October to Christmas. The term is also the name of the first of four terms into which the legal year is divided by the Courts of England and Wales and the Courts of Northern Ireland. While the name is not used in the legal systems"
"Christ (""He is laid in the grave and He has risen""). Michaelmas is about man once he finds Christ (""He is risen, therefore he can be laid in the grave""), meaning man finds the Christ (risen), therefore he will be safe in death (laid in the grave with confidence). In the City of London, Michaelmas is the day when the new Lord Mayor of London is elected, in the ""Common Hall"". Old Michaelmas Day falls on 11 October (10 October according to some sources – the dates are the result of the shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar)."
"suggested, but is a fuzzy mechanism, and fixing a precise date compromises the effectiveness. There are weather lore marked by dates on the year's calendar. There are weather lore around February 2, known as Candlemas, Brigid's Day, or St. Blaise's Day (St. Blaze's Day). One French lore says that if it rains on Candlemas (""Chandeleur"") there will be forty more days of rainy day: ""Quand il pleut pour la Chandeleur, il pleut pendant quarante jours"". Groundhog Day also falls on this day. Groundhog Day, observed in the U. S. and Canada, also falls on February 2 and is thought to"
"of May each year. The first day of Joshi is ""Milk Day"", on which the Kalash offer libations of milk that have been saved for ten days prior to the festival. The most important Kalash festival is the Chawmos (cawmōs, ""ghona chawmos yat"", Khowar ""chitrimas"" from *cāturmāsya, CDIAL 4742), which is celebrated for two weeks at winter solstice (c. 7-22 December), at the beginning of the month ""chawmos mastruk"". It marks the end of the year's fieldwork and harvest. It involves much music, dancing, and the sacrifice of many goats. It is dedicated to the god Balimain who is believed"
"Day, the earliest American reference to which can be found at the Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore Center at Franklin and Marshall College. The reference implies that Groundhog Day may have come from a German-American Candlemas tradition: In France and Belgium, Candlemas () is celebrated with crêpes. In Italy, traditionally, it () is considered the last cold day of winter. Tenerife (Spain), Is the day of the Virgin of Candelaria (Saint Patron of the Canary Islands). 2 February. In Southern and Central Mexico, and Guatemala City, Candlemas () is celebrated with tamales. Tradition indicates that on 5 January, the night before Three"
"Chawmos Chawmos (cawmōs, ghona chawmos yat, Khowar ""chitrimas"" from *cāturmāsya, CDIAL 4742) is the most important Kalash festival, which is celebrated for two weeks at winter solstice (Dec. 7-22), at the beginning of the month chawmos mastruk in two weeks. The Chamois festival is celebrated without using any musical instruments in the Rumbur and Bumborate villages, whereas residents of Birir village do use the musical instruments. Chamois festival is celebrated after the Kalash finish all their fieldwork and store all the sources of their basic needs. By this time of the year cheese, fruit and vegetables and grains are properly"
"(31 October). In Canada many families wait until after Remembrance Day, as to show respect to fallen soldiers. Some households do not put up the tree until the second week of December, and leave it up until 6 January (Epiphany). In Germany, traditionally the tree is put up on 24 December and taken down on 7 January, though many start one or two weeks earlier, and in Roman Catholic homes the tree may be kept until February 2 (Candlemas). In Italy, Ireland and Argentina, along with many countries in Latin America, the Christmas tree is put up on 8 December"