"Misogamy Misogamy is an aversion or hatred of marriage. The word dates from the mid-17th century and combines the Greek ""misos"" (hatred) with ""gamos"" (marriage). Merriam-Webster date the first use of the word to around 1656. The idea of misogamy was important in the Christian church during the medieval period as a prerequisite for the celibacy required to occupy the highest positions in the church. It was developed in the philosophy of Theophrastus who became the ""canonical authority on philosophic misogamy throughout the Middle Ages"". Sara E. Diaz writes that two types of misogamy existed during the period, one advising"
"Misogyny Misogyny () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny is manifest in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male privilege, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification. Misogyny can be found within sacred texts of religions, mythologies, and Western philosophies. According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, ""misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female"". Johnson argues that: Sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes: Dictionaries define misogyny as ""hatred of women"" and"
"Misotheism Misotheism is the ""hatred of God"" or ""hatred of the gods"" (from the Greek adjective μισόθεος ""hating the gods"", a compound of μῖσος ""hatred"" and θεός ""god""). In some varieties of polytheism, it was considered possible to inflict punishment on gods by ceasing to worship them. Thus, Hrafnkell, protagonist of the eponymous ""Hrafnkels saga"" set in the 10th century, as his temple to Freyr is burnt and he is enslaved, states that ""I think it is folly to have faith in gods"", never performing another blót (sacrifice), a position described in the sagas as ""goðlauss"", ""godless"". Jacob Grimm in"
"to its opposite which he terms philogyny. Criticizing R. W. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinities, he shows how philogynous masculinities play out among youth in Maputo, Mozambique. Misogyny Misogyny () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny is manifest in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male privilege, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification. Misogyny can be found within sacred texts of religions, mythologies, and Western philosophies. According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, ""misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female"". Johnson"
"as ""hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women"". In 2012, primarily in response to events occurring in the Australian Parliament, the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded the definition to include not only hatred of women but also ""entrenched prejudices against women"". The counterpart of misogyny is misandry, the hatred or dislike of men; the antonym of misogyny is philogyny, the love or fondness of women. In his book ""City of Sokrates: An Introduction to Classical Athens"", J.W. Roberts argues that older than tragedy and comedy was a misogynistic tradition in Greek literature, reaching back at"
"good job suppressing them and coming off as an arrogant misanthrope."" Misanthropy Misanthropy is the general hatred, dislike, distrust or contempt of the human species or human nature. A misanthrope or misanthropist is someone who holds such views or feelings. The word's origin is from the Greek words μῖσος (""misos"", ""hatred"") and ἄνθρωπος (""anthrōpos"", ""man, human""). The condition is often confused with asociality. Gustave Flaubert once declared that he would ""die of suppressed rage at the folly of [his] fellow men."" Misanthropy has also been ascribed to a number of writers of satire, such as William S. Gilbert (""I hate"
"Misology Misology is defined as the hatred of reasoning; the revulsion or distrust of logical debate, argumentation, or the Socratic method. The source of the word is Plato's dramatic work ""Phaedo"" ( in Attic Greek), which presents the final hours and execution of Socrates, ultimately, by those who were offended by his philosophical pursuit. Plato’s ""Phaedo"" tells the story of Phaedo of Elis recalling the death and final hours of Socrates some time afterwards to Echecrates, who had heard tell of Socrates' execution but has no detailed account and is curious to hear of it. Phaedo, being one of those"
"Misandry Misandry () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys. ""Misandrous"" or ""misandrist"" can be used as adjectival forms of the word. Misandry can manifest itself in numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, denigration of men, violence against men, sexual objectification of men. Misandry is formed from the Greek ""misos"" (μῖσος, ""hatred"") and ""anēr"", ""andros"" (ἀνήρ, gen. ἀνδρός; ""man""). Use of the word can be found as far back as the nineteenth century, including an 1871 use in ""The Spectator"" magazine. It appeared in ""Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary"" (11th ed.) in 1952. Translation of the French """"misandrie"""""
"Misanthropy Misanthropy is the general hatred, dislike, distrust or contempt of the human species or human nature. A misanthrope or misanthropist is someone who holds such views or feelings. The word's origin is from the Greek words μῖσος (""misos"", ""hatred"") and ἄνθρωπος (""anthrōpos"", ""man, human""). The condition is often confused with asociality. Gustave Flaubert once declared that he would ""die of suppressed rage at the folly of [his] fellow men."" Misanthropy has also been ascribed to a number of writers of satire, such as William S. Gilbert (""I hate my fellow-man"") and William Shakespeare (""Timon of Athens""). Jonathan Swift is"
"in 1908, in his theory of female sexual development. Nancy Kang has discussed ""the misandric impulse"" in relation to the works of Toni Morrison. In his book, ""Gender and Judaism: The Transformation of Tradition"", Harry Brod, a Professor of Philosophy and Humanities in the Department of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Northern Iowa, writes: Misandry Misandry () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys. ""Misandrous"" or ""misandrist"" can be used as adjectival forms of the word. Misandry can manifest itself in numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, denigration of men, violence against men, sexual"
"she found herself much more critical of scripts directed by women. When speaking about the director Lone Scherfig, whom she worked with on the film ""One Day"", she said, “I’m so scared that I treated her with internalized misogyny."" Misandry is the hatred of, violence against, or discrimination of men and masculinity. Internalized misandry, then, is the act of identifying as a man and discriminating against oneself and one's masculinity. Raewyn Connell notes in her 1987 book ""Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics"", different masculinities retain different authorities across performance so that one version of being a"
"Transmisogyny Transmisogyny (sometimes trans-misogyny) is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny. Transphobia is defined as ""the irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against transgender or transgender people"". Misogyny is defined as ""a hatred of women"". Therefore, transmisogyny includes negative attitudes, hate, and discrimination of transgender individuals who fall on the feminine side of the gender spectrum, particularly transgender women. The term was coined by Julia Serano in her 2007 book ""Whipping Girl"" and used to describe the unique discrimination faced by trans women because of ""the assumption that femaleness and femininity are inferior to, and exist primarily for the"
"such as Mayhem, Emperor, Gorgoroth and Darkthrone express extreme misotheism in their lyrics and actions, which involved burning down churches during the early 1990s. In 2006, Australian artist Archie Moore created a paper sculpture called ""Maltheism"", which was considered for a Telstra Art Award in 2006. The piece was intended as a representation of a church made from pages of the Book of Deuteronomy: Misotheism Misotheism is the ""hatred of God"" or ""hatred of the gods"" (from the Greek adjective μισόθεος ""hating the gods"", a compound of μῖσος ""hatred"" and θεός ""god""). In some varieties of polytheism, it was considered"
"Philogyny Philogyny is fondness, love, or admiration towards women. Its antonym is ""misogyny"". Philogyny is not be confused with gynephilia, which is sexual attraction to women or femininity (and whose antonym is ""gynophobia""). Cicero reports the word could be used in Greek philosophy to denote being overly fond of women, which was considered a disease along with misogyny. Christian Groes-Green has argued that the conceptual content of philogyny must be developed as an alternative to the concept of misogyny. Criticizing R.W. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinities he shows how philogynous masculinities play out among youth in Maputo, Mozambique. ""Philogyny"" comes"
"their penises cut off' that is not transphobia – it is transmisogyny. When the majority of violence and sexual assaults committed against trans people is directed at trans women, that is not transphobia – it is transmisogyny."" Transmisogyny Transmisogyny (sometimes trans-misogyny) is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny. Transphobia is defined as ""the irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against transgender or transgender people"". Misogyny is defined as ""a hatred of women"". Therefore, transmisogyny includes negative attitudes, hate, and discrimination of transgender individuals who fall on the feminine side of the gender spectrum, particularly transgender women. The term was"
"from ""philo-"" (loving) and Greek ""gynē"" (woman). The parallel Greek-based terms with respect to men (males) are philandry for ""fondness towards men"" and misandry for ""hatred of men"". Parallel terms for humanity generally are philanthropy and misanthropy. Philogyny Philogyny is fondness, love, or admiration towards women. Its antonym is ""misogyny"". Philogyny is not be confused with gynephilia, which is sexual attraction to women or femininity (and whose antonym is ""gynophobia""). Cicero reports the word could be used in Greek philosophy to denote being overly fond of women, which was considered a disease along with misogyny. Christian Groes-Green has argued that"
"Misophonia Misophonia, literally ""hatred of sound"", was proposed in 2000 as a condition in which negative emotions, thoughts, and physical reactions are triggered by specific sounds. Misophonia is not classified as an auditory or psychiatric condition, and so is different from phonophobia (fear of sound); there are no standard diagnostic criteria, and there is little research on how common it is or the treatment. Proponents suggest misophonia can adversely affect the ability to achieve life goals and to enjoy social situations. As of 2018 there were no evidence-based methods to manage the condition. Management generally consists of helping the person"
"The word ""misology"" itself is first attested in English in 1833, and was used in Benjamin Jowett's 1871 translation of Plato's work, ""Dialogues"": ""as there are misanthropists or haters of men, there are also misologists or haters of ideas."" The term was also used by Immanuel Kant in a passage from his 1785 work, ""Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals"" (""Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten""): ""Misologie, d. i. [das ist] Haß der Vernunft"" translated by Thomas Kingsmill Abbott in 1895, straightforwardly, as: """"misology"", that is, hatred of reason."" Misology Misology is defined as the hatred of reasoning; the revulsion or"
"parameters of acceptable cultural norms that promote unrealistic and constricting ideas about what it means to be a man or a woman in modern society. One of the most common consequences of internalized heterosexism is intense depression fueled by self-loathing and sexual repression. Most dictionaries define misogyny as the hatred of women, and as ""hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women"". which can lead to the interpretation that it is a male trait. However, the sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong notes the following: Women who experience internalized misogyny may express it through minimizing the value of women, mistrusting"
"Misotheism"" is devoted to this topic. He traces the history of ideas behind misotheism from the Book of Job, via Epicureanism and the twilight of Roman paganism, to deism, anarchism, Nietzschean philosophy, feminism, and radical humanism. The main literary figures in his study are Percy Bysshe Shelley, Algernon Swinburne, Zora Neale Hurston, Rebecca West, Elie Wiesel, Peter Shaffer, and Philip Pullman. Schweizer argues that literature is the preferred medium for the expression of God-hatred because the creative possibilities of literature allow writers to simultaneously unburden themselves of their misotheism, while ingeneously veiling their blasphemy. Other examples include: In more recent"
"Misogynoir Misogynoir is misogyny directed towards black women where race and gender both play roles in bias. It was coined by queer black feminist Moya Bailey, who created the term to address misogyny directed toward black women in American visual and popular culture. Trudy of Gradient Lair, a womanist blog about black women and art, media, social media, socio-politics and culture, has also been credited in developing the lexical definition of the term. The concept is grounded in the theory of intersectionality which analyzes how various social identities such as race, gender, class, and sexual orientation interrelate in systems of"
"least as far as Hesiod. The term ""misogyny"" itself comes directly into English from the Ancient Greek word ""misogunia"" (), which survives in several passages. The earlier, longer, and more complete passage comes from a moral tract known as ""On Marriage"" (""c"". 150 BC) by the stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus. Antipater argues that marriage is the foundation of the state, and considers it to be based on divine (polytheistic) decree. He uses ""misogunia"" to describe the sort of writing the tragedian Euripides eschews, stating that he ""reject[s] the hatred of women in his writing"" (ἀποθέμενος τὴν ἐν τῷ γράφειν"
"μισογυνίαν). He then offers an example of this, quoting from a lost play of Euripides in which the merits of a dutiful wife are praised. The other surviving use of the original Greek word is by Chrysippus, in a fragment from ""On affections"", quoted by Galen in ""Hippocrates on Affections"". Here, ""misogyny"" is the first in a short list of three ""disaffections""—women (""misogunia""), wine (""misoinia"", μισοινία) and humanity (""misanthrōpia"", μισανθρωπία). Chrysippus' point is more abstract than Antipater's, and Galen quotes the passage as an example of an opinion contrary to his own. What is clear, however, is that he groups"
"her promise not to gossip about the past. She tells Miss M. she hates her:I can't endure the sight or sound or creep of you any longer. . . . Why? Because of your unspeakable masquerade. You play the pygmy, carried about, cosseted, smirked at . . . . But where have you come from? What are you in your past—in your mind? I ask you that: a thing more everywhere, more thief-like, more detestable than a conscience. Look at me, as we sit here now. ""I"" am the monstrosity. You see it, you think it, you hate even to"
"Gynophobia Gynophobia or gynephobia is an abnormal fear of women, a type of specific social phobia. In the past, the Latin term horror feminae was used. Gynophobia should not be confused with misogyny, the hatred, contempt for and prejudice against women, although some may use the terms interchangeably, in reference to the social, rather than pathological aspect of negative attitudes towards women. The antonym of misogyny is philogyny, the love, respect for and admiration of women. This term is analogous with androphobia, the abnormal or irrational fear of men. The term ""gynophobia"" comes from the Greek γυνή - ""gunē"", meaning"
"Stobaeus that relate to marriage. A Greek play with a similar name, ""Misogunos"" (Μισόγυνος) or ""Woman-hater"", is reported by Marcus Tullius Cicero (in Latin) and attributed to the poet Marcus Atilius. Cicero reports that Greek philosophers considered misogyny to be caused by gynophobia, a fear of women. In summary, Greek literature considered misogyny to be a disease—an anti-social condition—in that it ran contrary to their perceptions of the value of women as wives and of the family as the foundation of society. These points are widely noted in the secondary literature. In ""Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice"", Jack Holland argues"
"on a rant stating, ""I want to look him straight in the eye and I want to tell him what a cheap, lying, no-good, rotten, four-flushing, low-life, snake-licking, dirt-eating, inbred, overstuffed, ignorant, blood-sucking, dog-kissing, brainless, ****less, hopeless, heartless, fat-***, bug-eyed, stiff-legged, spotty-lipped, worm-headed sack of monkey **** he is. Hallelujah. Holy sh**. Where's the Tylenol?"" By offering a long string of criticisms about his boss, Griswold appeals to the audience to also feel negatively towards him. Bdelygmia Bdelygmia, deriving from a Greek word meaning ""filth"" or ""nastiness"", is a technique used in rhetoric to express hatred of a person, word"
"hatred of women with hatred of humanity generally, and even hatred of wine. ""It was the prevailing medical opinion of his day that wine strengthens body and soul alike."" So Chrysippus, like his fellow stoic Antipater, views misogyny negatively, as a disease; a dislike of something that is good. It is this issue of conflicted or alternating emotions that was philosophically contentious to the ancient writers. Ricardo Salles suggests that the general stoic view was that ""[a] man may not only alternate between philogyny and misogyny, philanthropy and misanthropy, but be prompted to each by the other."" Aristotle has also"
"(Russian prelest, Greek plani), which is the opposite of sobriety. Sobriety (called nepsis) means full consciousness and self-realization (enstasis), giving true spiritual knowledge (called true gnosis). Prelest or plani is the estrangement of the person to existence or objective reality, an alienation called amartía. This includes damaging or vilifying the nous, or simply having a non-functioning noetic and neptic faculty. Evil is, by definition, the act of turning humanity against its creator and existence. Misotheism, a hatred of God, is a catalyst that separates humanity from nature, or vilifies the realities of ontology, the spiritual world and the natural or"
"younger people, are more likely to have misophonia. People who experience misophonia have formed online support groups. In 2016, ""Quiet Please"", a documentary about misophonia, was released. Misophonia Misophonia, literally ""hatred of sound"", was proposed in 2000 as a condition in which negative emotions, thoughts, and physical reactions are triggered by specific sounds. Misophonia is not classified as an auditory or psychiatric condition, and so is different from phonophobia (fear of sound); there are no standard diagnostic criteria, and there is little research on how common it is or the treatment. Proponents suggest misophonia can adversely affect the ability to"
"Disgust Disgust is an emotional response of rejection or revulsion to something potentially contagious or something considered offensive, distasteful, or unpleasant. In ""The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals"", Charles Darwin wrote that disgust is a sensation that refers to something revolting. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined), and secondarily to anything which causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision. Musically sensitive people may even be disgusted by the cacophony of inharmonious sounds. Research continually has proven a relationship between disgust and anxiety disorders such"
"is called a misopater, one that hates their mother is a misomater, while a parent that hates their offspring is a misopedist. Parent–offspring conflict describes the evolutionary conflict arising from differences in optimal fitness of parents and their offspring. While parents tend to maximize the number of offspring, the offspring can increase their fitness by getting a greater share of parental investment often by competing with their siblings. The theory was proposed by Robert Trivers in 1974 and extends the more general selfish gene theory and has been used to explain many observed biological phenomena. For example, in some bird"
"Endogamy Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific social group, caste or ethnic group, rejecting those from others as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, although sometimes with the added dimension of requiring marital religious conversion. This permits an exogamous marriage, as the convert, by accepting the partner's religion, becomes accepted within the endogamous rules. The effects of endogamy, separate from consanguinity, are transmission of genetic disorders, the so called Founder effect. Endogamy can serve as a"