"Quarter farthing The British quarter farthing (d) coin was a unit of currency equaling one sixteenth of a penny ( of a pound sterling). It was produced for circulation in Ceylon in various years between 1839 and 1853, with proof coins being produced in 1868. It is the smallest denomination of pound sterling coin ever minted. The coin is considered to be part of British coinage because it has no indication of what country it was minted for, being made in the same style as the contemporary half-farthing which was legal tender in Britain between 1842 and 1869. Before Decimal"
"Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin) The British pre-decimal halfpenny (d) coin, usually simply known as a halfpenny (pronounced ), historically occasionally also as the obol, was a unit of currency that equalled half of a penny or of a pound sterling. Originally the halfpenny was minted in copper, but after 1860 it was minted in bronze. It ceased to be legal tender in 1969, in the run-up to decimalisation. The halfpenny featured two different designs on its reverse during its years in circulation. From 1672 until 1936 the image of Britannia appeared on the reverse, and from 1937 onwards the image"
"History of the British farthing The British farthing (derived from the Anglo-Saxon ""feorthing"", a ""fourthling"" or ""fourth part"") was a British coin worth a quarter of an old penny ( of a pound sterling). It ceased to be struck after 1956 and was demonetised from 1 January 1961. The British farthing is a continuation of the English farthing, struck by English monarchs prior to the Act of Union 1707, which unified the crowns of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. Only pattern farthings were struck under Queen Anne as there was a glut of farthings from previous"
"tender after 31 December 1960. History of the British farthing The British farthing (derived from the Anglo-Saxon ""feorthing"", a ""fourthling"" or ""fourth part"") was a British coin worth a quarter of an old penny ( of a pound sterling). It ceased to be struck after 1956 and was demonetised from 1 January 1961. The British farthing is a continuation of the English farthing, struck by English monarchs prior to the Act of Union 1707, which unified the crowns of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. Only pattern farthings were struck under Queen Anne as there was a"
"Half farthing The British half farthing (d) coin, usually simply known as a half farthing, was a unit of currency equaling of a pound sterling, or one eighth of a penny. It was minted in copper for use in Ceylon, but in 1842 they were declared legal tender in the United Kingdom. Two different obverses were used. Like all British coinage, it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse. Before Decimal Day in 1971 there were two hundred and forty pence in one pound sterling. There were four farthings in a penny. Twelve pence made a shilling, and"
"Quadrans The quadrans (literally meaning ""a quarter"") or teruncius (""three unciae"") was a low-value Roman bronze coin worth one quarter of an as. The quadrans was issued from the beginning of cast bronze coins during the Roman Republic with three pellets representing three unciae as a mark of value. The obverse type, after some early variations, featured the bust of Hercules, while the reverse featured the prow of a galley. Coins with the same value were issued from other cities in Central Italy, using a cast process. After ca. 90 BC, when bronze coinage was reduced to the semuncial standard,"
"Fourpence (British coin) The pre-decimal fourpence (4d), sometimes known as a groat (from Dutch ""grootpennig"" = ""big penny"") or fourpenny bit, was a coin worth one sixtieth of a pound sterling, or four pence. The coin was also known as a joey after the MP Joseph Hume, who spoke in favour of its introduction. It was a revival of the pre-Union coin. Before Decimal Day in 1971 there were two hundred and forty pence in one pound sterling. Twelve pence made a shilling, and twenty shillings made a pound. Values less than a pound were usually written in terms of"
"Penny (British pre-decimal coin) The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth of a pound sterling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from the late 18th century it was minted in copper, and then after 1860 in bronze. The plural of ""penny"" is ""pence"" when referring to a quantity of money and ""pennies"" when referring to a number of coins. Thus 8d is eight pence, but ""eight"
"early reign of Elizabeth II, bearing the inscription in 1953, and thereafter. wikt:ha'porth: Northern British English, from British English ""half-penny’s worth"", often used in the phrase ""daft ha’porth"". Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin) The British pre-decimal halfpenny (d) coin, usually simply known as a halfpenny (pronounced ), historically occasionally also as the obol, was a unit of currency that equalled half of a penny or of a pound sterling. Originally the halfpenny was minted in copper, but after 1860 it was minted in bronze. It ceased to be legal tender in 1969, in the run-up to decimalisation. The halfpenny featured two"
"was not of so minuscule a value as (middle-class) writers of the day (1844) might imagine. The entire denomination was demonetised from 1 January 1870. Half farthing The British half farthing (d) coin, usually simply known as a half farthing, was a unit of currency equaling of a pound sterling, or one eighth of a penny. It was minted in copper for use in Ceylon, but in 1842 they were declared legal tender in the United Kingdom. Two different obverses were used. Like all British coinage, it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse. Before Decimal Day in"
"counterfeit. Threepence (British coin) The British threepence (3d) coin, usually simply known as a threepence or threepenny bit, was a unit of currency equaling one eightieth of a pound sterling, or three old pence sterling. It was used in the United Kingdom, and earlier in Great Britain and England. Similar denominations were later used throughout the British Empire, notably in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The sum of three pence was pronounced variously , or , reflecting different pronunciations in the various regions of the United Kingdom. Likewise, the coin was often referred to in conversation as a ,"
"Farthing (English coin) A farthing (derived from the Anglo-Saxon ""feorthing"", a ""fourthling"" or ""fourth part"") was a coin of the Kingdom of England worth one quarter of a penny, of a pound sterling. Such coins were first minted in England in silver in the 13th century, and continued to be used until the Kingdom of England was merged into the new Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Early farthings were silver, but surviving examples are rare. The first copper farthings were issued during the reign of King James I, who gave a licence for minting them to John Harington, 1st"
"Threepence (British coin) The British threepence (3d) coin, usually simply known as a threepence or threepenny bit, was a unit of currency equaling one eightieth of a pound sterling, or three old pence sterling. It was used in the United Kingdom, and earlier in Great Britain and England. Similar denominations were later used throughout the British Empire, notably in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The sum of three pence was pronounced variously , or , reflecting different pronunciations in the various regions of the United Kingdom. Likewise, the coin was often referred to in conversation as a , or"
"counted as 5p (five new pence) instead of 12d (twelve old pennies). The pre-decimalisation sixpence, also known as a sixpenny bit or sixpenny piece, was equivalent to p, but was demonetised in 1980. Some pre-decimalisation coins or denominations became commonly known by colloquial and slang terms, perhaps the most well known being ""bob"" for a shilling, and ""quid"" for a pound. A farthing was a ""mag"", a silver threepence was a ""joey"" and the later nickel-brass threepence was called a ""threepenny bit"" ( or bit, i.e. thrup'ny or threp'ny bit – the apostrophe was pronounced on a scale from full"
"this amounted to one quadrans. Quadrans The quadrans (literally meaning ""a quarter"") or teruncius (""three unciae"") was a low-value Roman bronze coin worth one quarter of an as. The quadrans was issued from the beginning of cast bronze coins during the Roman Republic with three pellets representing three unciae as a mark of value. The obverse type, after some early variations, featured the bust of Hercules, while the reverse featured the prow of a galley. Coins with the same value were issued from other cities in Central Italy, using a cast process. After ca. 90 BC, when bronze coinage was"
"pence and placing a solidus, or slash, between the digits: 17p multiplied by 2 = 34, – approximately equal to 3/4 (""three and four"", or three shillings and four pence), with a similar process for the reverse conversion. The willingness of a young population to embrace the change also helped. In general, elderly people had more difficulty adapting and the phrase ""How much is that in old money?"" or even ""How much is that in real money?"" became associated with those who struggled with the change. (This phrase is now often used to ask for conversion between metric and imperial"
"many of Europe's currencies, including the British pound, Italian lira, Spanish dinero and the Portuguese dinheiro. In Ancien Régime France, the denier was used as a notional measure of interest rates on loans. Thus, a rate of 4% (1/25) would be expressed as ""denier 25""; a rate of 5% (1/20) as ""denier 20""; and so forth. French denier The denier (; d.) or penny was a medieval coin which takes its name from the Frankish coin first issued in the late seventh century; in English it is sometimes referred to as a silver penny. Its appearance represents the end of"
"Proof mintages are indicated in ""italics"". Half crown (British coin) The half crown was a denomination of British money, equivalent to two shillings and sixpence, or one-eighth of a pound. The half crown was first issued in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI. No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1967. The half crown was demonetised (ahead of other pre-decimal coins) on 1 January 1970, the year before the United Kingdom adopted decimal"
"referred to as 8 annas today, with a 25-paise coin nicknamed 4 annas. There was a coin of one anna, and also half-anna coins of copper and two-anna pieces of silver. The term anna is frequently used to express a fraction of . Additionally, anna-denominated postage stamps were used during the British Raj. 1/15/3/2 = 1.9947 1/8/3 = 1.546 1/4 = 1.25 Indian anna An anna (or ānā) was a currency unit formerly used in India and Pakistan, equal to of a rupee. It was subdivided into four paisa or twelve pies (thus there were 64 paise or 192 pies"
"Half crown (British coin) The half crown was a denomination of British money, equivalent to two shillings and sixpence, or one-eighth of a pound. The half crown was first issued in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI. No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1967. The half crown was demonetised (ahead of other pre-decimal coins) on 1 January 1970, the year before the United Kingdom adopted decimal currency on Decimal Day. During the"
"Penny (British decimal coin) The British decimal one penny (1p) coin, usually simply known as a penny, is a unit of currency equaling one one-hundredth of a pound sterling. The penny’s symbol is p. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin’s introduction on 15 February 1971, the day British currency was decimalised. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used on the coin, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. The correct plural"
"the Royal Mint announced that a new design of one pound coin will be introduced in 2017, reprising the twelve-sided shape. The new coin is designed to be more difficult to counterfeit. History of the threepence The threepence or threepenny bit was a denomination of currency used by various jurisdictions in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, valued at 1/80 of a pound or ¼ of a shilling until decimalisation of the pound sterling and Irish pound in 1971. It was also used in some parts of the British Empire (later known as the Commonwealth), notably Australia, New Zealand and South"
"Quarter (United States coin) The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a United States coin worth 25 cents, one-fourth of a dollar. It has a diameter of .955 inches (24.26 mm) and a thickness of .069 inches (1.75 mm). The coin sports the profile of George Washington on its obverse, and its reverse design has changed frequently. It has been produced on and off since 1796 and consistently since 1831. The choice of as a denomination—as opposed to the more common elsewhere—originated with the practice of dividing Spanish milled dollars into eight wedge-shaped segments. ""Two bits"" (that is, two ""pieces"
"Farthing (British coin) The British farthing (d) coin, from ""fourthing"", was a unit of currency of one quarter of a penny, or of a pound sterling. It was minted in bronze, and replaced the earlier copper farthings. It was used during the reign of six monarchs: Victoria, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, George VI and Elizabeth II, ceasing to be legal tender in 1960. It featured two different designs on its reverse during its 100 years in circulation: from 1860 until 1936, the image of Britannia; and from 1937 onwards, the image of a wren. Like all British coinage,"
"rated equal to 1 gold solidus – a 4th-century Roman coin that was rare but which still circulated; and, since 240 denarii were cut from one Roman ""libra"" of silver, 240 denarii therefore equalled one pound (""livre"" in France, ""peso"" in Spain, etc.). Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, new currencies were introduced in Western Europe though (Eastern) Roman currencies remained popular. In the Eastern Roman Empire, the currencies gradually evolved away from the solidi and denarii. In the eighth century, Charlemagne re-introduced and refined the system by decreeing that the money of the Holy Roman Empire should"
"abbreviation for the old penny, d, was derived from the Roman ""denarius"", and the abbreviation for the shilling, s, from the Roman ""solidus"". The shilling was also denoted by the slash symbol, also called a solidus for this reason, which was originally an adaptation of the long s. The symbol ""£"", for the pound, is derived from the first letter of the Latin word for pound, ""libra"". A similar pre-decimal system operated in France, also based on the Roman currency, consisting of the ""livre"" (L), ""sol"" or ""sou"" (s) and ""denier"" (d). Until 1816 another similar system was used in"
"Halfpenny (British decimal coin) The British decimal halfpenny (p) coin was introduced in February 1971, at the time of decimalisation, and was worth one two-hundredth of a pound sterling. It was ignored in banking transactions, which were carried out in units of 1p. The decimal halfpenny had the same value as 1.2 pre-decimal pence, and was introduced to enable the prices of some low-value items to be more accurately translated to the new decimal currency. The possibility of setting prices including an odd half penny also made it more practical to retain the pre-decimal sixpence in circulation (with a value"
"also became known as a ""pound"". (240 actual pennies, however, weighed only 5400 troy grains, known as tower pound, a unit used only by mints. The tower pound was abolished in the 16th century.) The silver penny remained the primary unit of coinage for about 500 years. The purity of 92.5% silver (i.e., sterling silver) was instituted by Henry II in 1158 with the ""Tealby Penny"" — a hammered coin. Over the years, the penny was gradually debased until by the 16th century it contained about a third the silver content of a proper troy 24 grain pennyweight. By 1915,"
"Ceiniog The ceiniog (; ; plural: ""ceiniogau"") was the basic currency of the medieval Welsh kingdoms such as Gwynedd and Deheubarth. Hywel Dda was the only ruler recorded as minting his own proper coins; however, the ceiniog was not a coin but a value of silver. The ""legal penny"" (; ) was the weight of 32 wheat grains in silver; the ""curt penny"" (), the weight of 24 wheat grains. The latter was based on the old Roman pound; the former, Charlemagne's and Offa's. The Welsh half-penny was the dymey of 12 wheat grains (roughly ⅓ the ""legal penny"") and"
"and were also known as ""Raderalbus"". Weißpfennig The Weißpfennig (literally ""white penny""; latin - denarius albus) was a form of silver groschen of the late middle ages. It was also known as an albus or a Rhenish groschen (""rheinischer Groschen""). It was minted from the second half of the 14th century onwards in the Lower Rhine by the four Rhenish electors of the Holy Roman Empire, who set up a joint mint in 1385-86. It was intended for everyday use, whilst the gold Rhenish guilder of the same era was intended as a trade coin. Those minted in Mainz were"
"History of the threepence The threepence or threepenny bit was a denomination of currency used by various jurisdictions in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, valued at 1/80 of a pound or ¼ of a shilling until decimalisation of the pound sterling and Irish pound in 1971. It was also used in some parts of the British Empire (later known as the Commonwealth), notably Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Before decimalisation brought about a new currency with new coinage, the sum of three pence was pronounced variously , , , reflecting different pronunciations in the various regions and nations of"
"""groat"", although the coin of that name was withdrawn in the 19th century. A sixpenny bit was a ""tanner"", known in Australia as a ""zack"". One shilling was a ""bob"", and a pound a ""nicker"" or a ""quid"". The term ""quid"" is said to originate from the Latin phrase quid pro quo. A pound note was also sometimes called simply ""a note"" (e.g., ""You owe me 50 notes""). A ten-shilling note was sometimes known as ""half a bar"". A two-shillings-and-sixpence piece, in use until the introduction of decimal currency, was known as ""half a crown"" or ""a half crown"". Crown"
"Wiardunek The Wiardunek (also referred to as wiardunk, czwartak or ferton; , ) was a Mediaeval Central European unit of mass most widely used in Poland and Germany. Wiardunek was also used as a unit of account, and as a such as commodity money. As a unit of mass 1 wiardunek (ca. 49 g) was equivalent to 1/4 of grzywna. Two ounces made up one wiardunek, and in turn each ounce consisted of two lots. As a unit of currency, the wiardunek was introduced probably around 14th century, first in Bohemia and then in other Central European states. This usage"