"church, whose pastor gave Fullam a copy of James Gilchrist Lawson’s ""Deeper Experiences of Famous Christians""; Fullam later credited the book with helping him to change the direction of his life. He withdrew from Eastman and matriculated at Gordon College in Wenham, Massachusetts, from which he was graduated ""magna cum laude"", with a baccalaureate in philosophy. He then did graduate work at both Harvard University and Boston University, obtaining his master of arts in philosophy from Harvard, ""magna cum laude"", in 1955. During the next sixteen years, Fullam held various teaching positions in several universities and colleges. He concluded his"
"based either on GPA or class position, as honours degrees. Honours degree The term ""honours degree"" (or ""honors degree"") has various meanings in the context of different degrees and education systems. Most commonly it refers to a variant of the undergraduate bachelor's degree containing a larger volume of material or a higher standard of study, or both, rather than an ""ordinary"", ""general"" or ""pass"" bachelor's degree. Honours degrees are sometimes indicated by ""Hons"" after the degree abbreviation, with various punctuation according to local custom, e.g. ""BA (Hons)"", ""B.A., Hons"", etc. Examples of honours degree include the honors bachelor's degree in"
"""summa"" honors. It is sometimes used when the ""summa"" honor is reserved only for students with perfect academic records. A further rarely used distinction is that of ""Egregia Cum Laude"" which means ""with outstanding honor"" and is typically reserved for either students achieving summa cum laude honors in a particularly difficult subject area or recipients of a non-standard Bachelor's degree. For undergraduate degrees, Latin honors are used in only a few countries such as the United States, Israel, Indonesia, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Canada. Most countries use a different scheme, such as the British undergraduate degree classification (usually"
"Honorary degree An honorary degree, in Latin a degree ""honoris causa"" (""for the sake of the honour"") or ""ad honorem"" (""to the honour""), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation, and the passing of comprehensive examinations. The degree is typically a doctorate or, less commonly, a master's degree, and may be awarded to someone who has no prior connection with the academic institution or no previous postsecondary education. An example of identifying a recipient of this award is as follows: Doctorate in Business Administration"
"top 10-15%), magna and summa cum laude are usually held in higher regard. A Dean's List may therefore be seen as equal to (or more prestigious than) ""cum laude,"" depending on the specific requirements involved. The Dean's List GPA requirements vary from school to school, although there are general standards: Some schools maintain two lists for two different levels of GPA. For example, the dean's list records students with at least a 3.5 GPA whereas the chancellor's list records students with a higher 4.0 GPA. Different from an academic scholarship, the dean's list award does not come with any financial"
"Honours degree The term ""honours degree"" (or ""honors degree"") has various meanings in the context of different degrees and education systems. Most commonly it refers to a variant of the undergraduate bachelor's degree containing a larger volume of material or a higher standard of study, or both, rather than an ""ordinary"", ""general"" or ""pass"" bachelor's degree. Honours degrees are sometimes indicated by ""Hons"" after the degree abbreviation, with various punctuation according to local custom, e.g. ""BA (Hons)"", ""B.A., Hons"", etc. Examples of honours degree include the honors bachelor's degree in the United States, the bachelor's degree with honours in the"
"Très honorable avec félicitations Très honorable avec félicitations du jury, meaning ""Very Honorable, with Committee Praise"", is the highest academic distinction awarded in the French academic university system. The doctoral academic distinctions are, in ascending order, ""honorable"", ""très honorable"", ""très honorable avec félicitations du jury"". They are entirely distinct from bachelor's and master's distinctions, which are ""Assez bien"", ""Bien"" and ""Très bien"", as they are awarded by the Thesis Committee right after the thesis' Defense. The ""félicitations du jury"" are an exceptional distinction, requiring a positive secret vote by the Committee and a special memo to be written by the"
"Doctor of Laws is a higher doctorate, ranking above the Ph.D., awarded upon submission of a portfolio of advanced research. It is also often awarded ""honoris causa"" to public figures (typically those associated with politics or the law) whom the university wishes to honour. In most British universities, the degree is styled ""Doctor of Laws"" and abbreviated LL. D.; however, some universities award instead the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, abbreviated DCL. In former years, Doctors of Law were a distinct form of lawyer who were empowered to act as advocates in civil law courts. The Doctors had their"
"with mark ""5"" (excellent). Also, students are expected to have participated in research projects with visible results. In 1869, Harvard College became the first college in the United States to award final honors to its graduates. From 1872 to 1879, ""cum laude"" and ""summa cum laude"" were the two Latin honors awarded to graduates. Beginning in 1880, ""magna cum laude"" was also awarded: In his 1895 history of Amherst College, college historian William Seymour Tyler traced Amherst's system of Latin honors to 1881, and attributed it to Amherst College President Julius Hawley Seelye: Latin honors Latin honors are Latin phrases"
"honors, when they are used, are almost always awarded to undergraduates earning their bachelor's, and, with the exception of law school graduates, much more rarely to graduate students receiving their master's or doctorate degree. The honor is typically indicated on the diploma. Latin honors are often conferred upon law school students graduating as a Juris Doctor or J.D., in which case they are generally based upon class rank or grade point average. Many institutions confer three levels of Latin honors, as follows: A rarely used distinction, """", ""with very great honor"", is an intermediary honor between the ""magna"" and the"
"on graduates completing a bachelor's degree for the first time (including at other universities) with an overall grade point average of at least 3.5. ""Cum laude"" honors are conferred to graduates with a GPA of 3.5 or greater and less than 3.7 (without rounding). ""Magna cum laude"" honors are conferred with a GPA of 3.7 or greater and less than 3.9. ""Summa cum laude"" honors are conferred with a GPA of 3.9 or higher. The university follows a standard academic calendar based on the semester system, which divides the academic year, starting in mid-August, into two 15-week semesters (fall and"
"Reader (academic rank) The title of reader in the United Kingdom and some universities in the Commonwealth of Nations, for example India, Australia and New Zealand, denotes an appointment for a senior academic with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship. In the traditional hierarchy of British and other Commonwealth universities, reader (and principal lecturer in the new universities) are academic ranks above senior lecturer and below professor, recognising a distinguished record of original research. Reader is similar to a professor without a chair, similar to the distinction between ""professor extraordinarius"" and ""professor ordinarius"" at some European universities, professor"
"emeritus/emerita is awarded to those appointed university professors, who reached the age of retirement but are prominent scholars of their fields or have done much in favor of the university, faculty or department. Awarding such titles is at the universities' discretion. Universities and colleges may also award honorary professorships with less strict requirements. These honorary titles are distinguished from their ordinary counterparts by placing ""címzetes"" (honorary—literally ""titular"") before the appropriate title. At universities (""egyetem"") At college level (""főiskola"") Research staff at universities/institutes Administrative ranks Academic ranks in Hungary Academic ranks in Hungary are the titles, relative importance and power of"
"are the awards for valedictorian, salutatorian and honorable mention. Many schools give awards to their top five graduates as follows: valedictorian, salutatorian, and first, second and third honorable mentions. The other awards are usually the Leadership Award and the awards for those who topped the different subjects. The latter are usually referred to as the “Bests”, since they start with the words “Best in...” such as, for example, “Best in Math”. College and post-graduate schools usually award the following awards: summa cum laude (with highest honors), magna cum laude (with high honors), and cum laude (with honors). Unlike the awards"
"was directly comparable to the British rank ""reader"" and frequently translated as such. Like the British reader rank it lacked a direct equivalent in the American system, and was regarded as equal to the American full professor rank. Today, the position below full professor is called ""førsteamanuensis"" (""first amanuensis""), which is officially translated as ""associate professor"" in English. By law the position requires as a minimum a Norwegian doctoral degree, or similar competence (traditionally, Danish and Norwegian doctoral degrees are considered higher doctorates comparable to a habilitation in countries such as Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Russia, or France). In practice it"
"awarded the same bachelor's degree as students completing the standard curriculum but with the notation ""in cursu honorum"" on the transcript and the diploma. Usually, the above Latin honors are separate from the notation for this honors course, but a student in the honors course generally must maintain grades worthy of at least the ""cum laude"" notation anyway. Hence, a graduate might receive a diploma ""Artium Baccalaureatum rite"" or ""Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude"" in the regular course or ""Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in cursu honorum"" in the honors course. If the student has completed the requirements for an"
"Legion of Honour The Legion of Honour (full name: National Order of the Legion of Honour; ) is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present. The order's motto is ' (""Honour and Fatherland""), and its seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay, on the left bank of the Seine in Paris. The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction: ' (Knight), ' (Officer), '"
"dependent on the received average points from final exams and from average points from the university studies. In Italy, the ""cum laude"" notation (""""con lode"""" being the equivalent in Italian) is used as an increasing level of the highest grade for both exams (30/30) and degrees (110/110), in all its levels; sometimes passing an exam cum laude (30 e lode) has only an honorific meaning, but sometimes it influences the average grade and can be useful to the student so honored. In Italy """"110 e lode"""" (at institutions using a 110-point system) is the highest rank that can be achieved"
"of advanced research. It is also often awarded ""honoris causa"" to public figures (typically those associated with politics or the law) whom the university wishes to honour. In most British universities, the degree is styled ""Doctor of Laws"" and abbreviated LLD, however some universities (such as Oxford) award instead the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, abbreviated DCL. In former years, Doctors of Law were a distinct form of Attorney-at-Law who were empowered to act as advocates in the ecclesiastical, probate and admiralty courts. The Doctors had their own Inn, which was called Doctors' Commons. Charles Dickens spent some of"
"Committee Chairperson to justify this honor. Très honorable avec félicitations Très honorable avec félicitations du jury, meaning ""Very Honorable, with Committee Praise"", is the highest academic distinction awarded in the French academic university system. The doctoral academic distinctions are, in ascending order, ""honorable"", ""très honorable"", ""très honorable avec félicitations du jury"". They are entirely distinct from bachelor's and master's distinctions, which are ""Assez bien"", ""Bien"" and ""Très bien"", as they are awarded by the Thesis Committee right after the thesis' Defense. The ""félicitations du jury"" are an exceptional distinction, requiring a positive secret vote by the Committee and a special"
"is the best English denotation for the worship of latria. Veneration, known as dulia in classical theology, is the honor and reverence appropriately due to the excellence of a created person. Excellence exhibited by created beings likewise deserves recognition and honor. We see a general example of veneration in events like the awarding of academic awards for excellence in school, or the awarding of olympic medals for excellence in sports. There is nothing contrary to the proper adoration of God when we offer the appropriate honor and recognition that created persons deserve based on achievement in excellence. We must make"
"honors degree only in a particular discipline (e.g., English language and literature), the degree is designated accordingly (e.g., B.A. with Honors in English). In this case, the degree candidate will complete the normal curriculum for all subjects except the selected discipline (""English,"" in the preceding example). The requirements in either case usually require completion of particular honors seminars, independent research at a level higher than usually required (often with greater personal supervision by faculty than usual), and a written honors thesis in the major subject. Many universities and colleges in the United States award bachelor's degrees with Latin honors, usually"
"rank was the highest academic rank reached by Alan Turing, Chaim Weizmann, and Mary Cartwright. Reader (academic rank) The title of reader in the United Kingdom and some universities in the Commonwealth of Nations, for example India, Australia and New Zealand, denotes an appointment for a senior academic with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship. In the traditional hierarchy of British and other Commonwealth universities, reader (and principal lecturer in the new universities) are academic ranks above senior lecturer and below professor, recognising a distinguished record of original research. Reader is similar to a professor without a chair,"
"demonstrated eminence and scholarship by being appointed to a particular office. Thus, for example, a DD (Doctor of Divinity) might be conferred upon a bishop on the occasion of his consecration, or a judge created LLD (Legum Doctor) or DCL (Doctor of Civil Law) upon his or her appointment to the judicial bench. These, also, are properly considered substantive rather than honorary degrees. Some US universities such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell University, Stanford University, and Rice University, do not award honorary degrees as a matter of policy. The University of Virginia (founded in 1819) was probably"
"after the degree name, e.g. "", Mus.D. (Oxon., Cantab., Dunelm. et Yale, U.S.A.), LL.D. (Leeds, Aberdeen, and W. University, Pennsylvania.)"". Honorary degrees, if shown, can be indicated either by ""Hon"" before the post-nominals for the degree or ""hc"" (for ""honoris causa"") after the post-nominals, e.g. ""Professor Evelyn Algernon Valentine Ebsworth CBE, PhD, MA, ScD, DCL hc, FRSC, FRSE"" (emphasis added); ""Professor Stephen Hawking Hon.ScD, CH, CBE, FRS"" (emphasis added). The Oxford University Calendar Style Guide recommends not giving honorary degrees in post-nominals. In contrast to the style for academic qualifications, medical qualifications are listed in ""descending"" order, i.e.: doctorates, master's"
"'+' and '–', which represent one-fourth a grade better or inferior. For example, the order is ""9 < 9+ < 9½ < 10– < 10"". The grade '10+' can also be awarded for a perfect performance with extra effort by the student. Upper secondary schools use the same grades for courses and course exams as comprehensive schools do, but the matriculation examination grades are in Latin. The grading system uses bell curve grading. The ""magna cum laude approbatur"" grade was introduced in 1970 and ""eximia cum laude approbatur"" in 1996. ""Laudatur"" grades achieved before 1996 are now counted as ""eximia"
"h.c. (for ""honoris causa""). In the Czech Republic and Slovakia ""Doctor of Sciences"" (DrSc. behind the name), established in 1953, is equivalent to the degree of Doctor of Science in the sense in which the D.Sc. is used in the Commonwealth. It is the highest academic qualification, different from both Ph.D. and PhDr. titles. In the Czech Republic, DrSc. is not awarded since 2001; instead, since 2006, a ""Doctor of Sciences"" degree (DSc. behind the name) is awarded not by universities but by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic mostly for research in the field of natural or"
"involved black recipients. The following decorations, in one degree or another, bear similar names to the Medal of Honor, but are entirely separate awards with different criteria for issuance: Footnotes Citations Works cited Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor is the United States of America's highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U.S. Congress. Because the medal is presented ""in the name of Congress"","
"Order of Merit of the Italian Republic The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic () was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951. The highest ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for ""merit acquired by the nation"" in the fields of literature, the arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers. The post-nominal letters for the order are OMRI. The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy"
"students to complete an honors curriculum requirement, a Great Works requirement, an Advanced Languages requirement, a service requirement, an honors thesis requirement, a graduation portfolio that summarizes the student's honors experiences—all while maintaining at least a 3.5 GPA. The Marriott School designates a faculty member as its Honors Coordinator, who aids students in finding faculty with whom to begin honors thesis research. The university also awards Latin scholastic distinctions: ""summa cum laude"" top 1 percent, ""magna cum laude"" top 5 percent, and ""cum laude"" top 10 percent. Many of the Marriott School's degree programs have received high rankings from independent"
"sometimes called the state's highest civilian honor in an order of precedence, that distinction legally belongs to the North Carolina Award. After the North Carolina Award and the Order of the Long Leaf Pine, the next award in order of precedence is the Old North State Award and then the Cardinal Award, all of which are bestowed by the Governor of North Carolina. The certificate reads in part: Reposing special confidence in the integrity, learning and zeal of [honoree], I [the Governor of North Carolina] do by these presents confer The Order of the Long Leaf Pine with the rank"
"Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor is the United States of America's highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U.S. Congress. Because the medal is presented ""in the name of Congress"", it is often referred to informally as the ""Congressional Medal of Honor"". However, the official name of the current award is ""Medal of Honor."" Within the United States Code the medal is referred"
"Chancellor's List, the Rector's List (mostly limited to within Europe), and the Director's List. The additional requirements to be met for such honors may include academic distinction within a target field of study, extracurricular achievements, continued high scholarship throughout enrollment or other noteworthy accomplishments. Although the Dean's List and Latin honors may both be issued in recognition of high scholarship, they are mostly separate awards not intended for direct comparison. Many institutions confer three levels of Latin honors, as follows: Because Latin honors are often conferred to the approximate class rank whereby students also receive the Dean's List (as the"