"response to the Overend-Gurney crisis. The journalist Walter Bagehot wrote on the subject in """", in which he advocated for the Bank to officially become a lender of last resort during a credit crunch, sometimes referred to as ""Bagehot's dictum"". Paul Tucker phrased the dictum in 2009 as follows: Central banks were established in many European countries during the 19th century. Napoleon created the Banque de France in 1800, in an attempt to improve the financing of his wars. On the continent of Europe, the Bank of France remain the most important central bank throughout the 19th century. A central"
"Bank of France The Bank of France known in French as the Banque de France, headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France. It is an independent institution, member of the Eurosystem since 1999. Its three main missions, as defined by its statuses, are to drive the French monetary strategy, ensure financial steadiness and provide services to households, small and medium businesses and the French state. It is a member of the European System of Central Banks, which consists of the European Central Bank (ECB), and the national central banks (NCBs) of all European Union (EU) members. The Kingdom"
"Check-Image"" electronic transfer. Bank of France The Bank of France known in French as the Banque de France, headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France. It is an independent institution, member of the Eurosystem since 1999. Its three main missions, as defined by its statuses, are to drive the French monetary strategy, ensure financial steadiness and provide services to households, small and medium businesses and the French state. It is a member of the European System of Central Banks, which consists of the European Central Bank (ECB), and the national central banks (NCBs) of all European Union (EU)"
"Crédit Commercial de France Crédit Commercial de France (CCF) was a commercial bank in France, headquartered in Paris, avenue des Champs-Élysées. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC in April 2000, and was renamed HSBC France on 1 November 2005. Able to trace its origins in banking as far back as 1858, by the end of the 1920s the bank had grown to be the sixth largest in France. Ernest Méjà and Benjamin Rossier founded Banque Suisse et Française at 27, rue Laffite, Paris, on 1 July 1894. They had previously worked together for Banque Fédérale S.A. and their"
"in Paris in 1846, then in London in 1860. In 1863 he merged these banks with the Banque de Crédit et de Dépôt des Pays-Bas, which he had founded in Amsterdam: the Bischoffsheim family thereby established a powerful multinational banking conglomerate. Separately in 1869, a group of bankers and investors including Adrien Delahante, Edmond Joubert and Henri Cernuschi, with the private bankers Eugène Goüin (Tours), Adolphe-Ernest Fould of the Fould family, E. et A. Schnapper Stern (Paris), Brugmann (Brussels), Tietgen (Copenhagen), founded the Banque de Paris, with its headquarters near the Opera at 3 rue d'Antin, Paris. The two banks"
"into effect on 1 January 1946 nationalized the four leading French retail banks: Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI), Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP), Crédit Lyonnais, and Société Générale. In 1966, the French government decided to merge ""Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris"" with ""Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie"" to create one new bank called ""Banque Nationale de Paris"" (BNP). The bank was re-privatised in 1993 under the leadership of Michel Pébereau as part of a second Chirac government's privatization policy. Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (Paribas) was established on 27 January 1872, through the"
"the Rothschild family. In 1812, James Mayer Rothschild arrived in Paris from Frankfurt and set up the bank Rothschild Frères. This bank helped fund Napoleon I's brief return from Elba and became one of the leading banks in European finance. The Rothschild banking family of France, along with other new investment banks, funded some of France's industrial and colonial expansion. The Banque de France, founded in 1796, helped resolve the financial crisis of 1848 and emerged as a powerful central bank. The Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris (CNEP) was established during the financial crisis and republican revolution of 1848. Its"
"shortly after the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (November 9, 1799) established the government of the Consulate, met with the new First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte, and convinced him to enlarge and transform the ""Caisse des Comptes Courants"" into the Bank of France, to be capitalized at 30 million francs. They agreed to loan the new government 12 million francs to get the bank started. Claude Perier, aided by the lawyer Berryer, drafted the statutes of the bank. He was appointed as one of its first fifteen regents. Subsequently, he was named a member of Napoleon's ""Corps Législatif"". The Bank of"
"merger of ""Banque de Crédit et de Dépôt des Pays-Bas"", which had been established in 1820 by Louis-Raphaël Bischoffsheim in Amsterdam, and ""Banque de Paris"", which had been founded in 1869 by a group of Parisian bankers. It went on to develop a strong investment banking business both domestically in France and overseas. During the period 1872 to 1913, it was involved in raising funds for the French and other governments as well as big businesses through a number of bond issues. It helped the French government raise funds during the First World War and raised further capital and expanded"
"reduced the range of Parisian financial influence. One key development was setting up one of the main branches of the Rothschild family. In 1812, James Mayer Rothschild arrived in Paris from Frankfurt, and set up the bank ""De Rothschild Frères"". This bank funded Napoleon's return from Elba and became one of the leading banks in European finance. The Rothschild banking family of France funded France's major wars and colonial expansion. The Banque de France, founded in 1796 helped resolve the financial crisis of 1848 and emerged as a powerful central bank. The Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris (CNEP) was established"
"Rothschild family. In 1812, James Mayer Rothschild arrived in Paris from Frankfurt, and set up the bank ""De Rothschild Frères"". This bank funded Napoleon's return from Elba and became one of the leading banks in European finance. The Rothschild banking family of France funded France's major wars and colonial expansion. The Banque de France, founded in 1796 helped resolve the financial crisis of 1848 and emerged as a powerful central bank. The Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris (CNEP) was established during the financial crisis and the republican revolution of 1848. Its innovations included both private and public sources in funding"
"banking, along with BNP Paribas and Crédit Lyonnais. Société Générale is one of the oldest banks in France. Founded in 1864, its original name was ""Société Générale pour favoriser le développement du commerce et de l'industrie en France"" (). The bank was founded by a group of industrialists and financiers during the Second Empire, on May 4, 1864. The bank's first chairman was the prominent industrialist Eugène Schneider (1805–1875), followed by Edward Charles Blount. The company started to hire employees and establish offices. Coverage of France went ahead at a steady rate. By 1870, the bank had 15 branches in"
"the act that created the Banque Nationale on May 4, 1859. Some members of the anglophone bourgeoisie participated in the bank’s share capital, but francophones retained exclusive control and held all seats on the board of directors with Ulric-Joseph Tessier, lawyer and Member of the Legislative Assembly serving as chairman of the bank. The bank suffered losses during the banking crisis sparked by the financial panic of 1873 and panic of 1884 but managed to survive and continued to operate. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, Banque Nationale again came under financial stress; this time a merger was arranged"
"the Bank of France from 28 January 1836 until his death. He was also head of the banking house Lebeuf et Cie. Lebeuf was director of the Creil-Montereau faience works for the Société Lebeuf et Millet from 1840 until his death. The trademark was ""LM et Cie"". Lebeuf purchased the château and estate of Montgermont at Pringy, Seine-et-Marne, and was ennobled. The Association pour la défense du Travail national was formed to oppose the lowering of tariffs. The council included Antoine Odier (President), Auguste Mimerel (Vice-President), Joseph Périer (Treasurer) and Louis-Martin Lebeuf (Secretary). Members included Henri Barbet, Léon Talabot and"
"Rothschild banking family of France The Rothschild banking family of France is a French banking dynasty founded in 1812 in Paris by James Mayer de Rothschild (1792–1868). James was sent there from his home in Frankfurt, Germany, by his father, Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812). Wanting his sons to succeed on their own and to expand the family business across Europe, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had his eldest son remain in Frankfurt, while his four other sons were sent to different European cities to establish a financial institution to invest in business and provide banking services. Endogamy within the family was an"
"banking house of Paris, of which he later became the sole head. This bank had been created by Claude Périer in 1801. He was a regent of the Bank of France in the 11th seat from 1833 to his death. The Bank of France had in theory five regents chosen from the merchants and manufacturers and seven from the bankers, as well as three censors with an advisory role selected from the Paris merchants. In practice, the distinctions were blurred, since the merchants and manufacturers often engaged in banking, while Périer and others designated as ""bankers"" were primarily industrialists. A"
"stabilisation""), and tested new monetary policies in the wake of a global depression. Jean-Claude Trichet, Governor from 1993 to 2003, was the final Governor of the Bank until the establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) in June 1998. Today, the ECB sets monetary policy and oversees price stability for all countries in the Eurozone, including France. The Bank of France is responsible for three missions : monetary strategy, financial steadiness and services to the economy. The Bank of France contributes to the design of the monetary policy of the euro zone (through macroeconomic research and forecast and by taking"
"Bank of the West Bank of the West is a regional financial services company, headquartered in San Francisco, California. It is a subsidiary of BNP Paribas. It has more than 600 branches and offices in the Midwest and Western United States. Bank of the West began as Farmers National Gold Bank of San Jose, California, in 1874. When all bank notes became convertible to gold or silver in 1880, the bank converted from a gold national bank and changed its name to the First National Bank of San Jose, California. In 1970, Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) established the French"
"1789. The consequence in the last two years of the Directory was a decline in economic activity, and in wages, while prices rose. The population lost confidence in the money and in the Directory's management. The lack of credit led to the creation of a number of new private banks, and the growing importance of banks and bankers in the economy. The ""Caisse des comptes courants"", created in June 1796, had some of the most important industrialists and financiers in France as its founders, who would later become the founders of the ""Banque de France"". Several other new private banks"
"Française de Banque) in 1997, the latter from Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux. In 1997 it also absorbed Société Parisienne de Banque. Banque de Baecque Beau The Banque de Baecque Beau was a French bank that now is subsumed in HSBC France. In 1837, two traders, Camille Cailliez and Charles de Baecque, established a partnership to engage in negotiating commissions on merchandise and in banking affairs. In 1846 the partners brought in Alexis Beau and began operating under the name Cailliez, de Baecque et Beau. The partnership narrowed its focus to banking activities, primarily discount transactions. Its name changed once again"
"Paris and 32 in the rest of France. It set up a permanent office in London in 1871. At the beginning, the bank used its own resources almost entirely for both financial and banking operations. In 1871, Société Générale moved into the public French issues market with a national debenture loan launched to cover the war indemnity stipulated in the Treaty of Frankfurt. In 1886, Société Générale was part of the bank consortium (along with the Franco-Egyptian Bank and the Crédit Industriel et Commercial) that financed the construction of the Eiffel Tower. From 1871 to 1893, France went through a"
"Paribas Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas S.A. (Paribas, Bank of Paris and the Netherlands) was a French investment bank based in Paris that in May 2000 merged with Banque National de Paris S.A. to form BNP Paribas. ""Les Pays-Bas"" (""The Low-Countries"") is French for the Netherlands. In the early 1820s, Louis-Raphaël Bischoffsheim founded a private banking establishment in Amsterdam in his own name. His brother Jonathan-Raphaël created a branch in Antwerp in 1827 before settling in Brussels in 1836. Having married Henriette Goldschmidt, the daughter of Frankfurt banker Hayum-Salomon Goldschmidt, Louis-Raphaël Bischoffsheim established the Bischoffsheim, Goldschmidt & Cie bank"
"Rothschild & Cie Banque Rothschild & Cie Banque is a French bank and belongs to Rothschild & Co. It provides investment banking, asset management, and wealth management services in France. The bank was re-created by David de Rothschild, Eric de Rothschild and Edouard de Rothschild in 1984 after nationalization in 1981 of Banque Rothschild by the Socialist government of the president François Mitterrand. It was capitalized at only $1 million and started with just three employees. At first, the bank was named ""Paris Orléans Banque"" because it was banned from using the family name. That restriction disappeared in 1986 and"
"banks and bankers. The ""Bourse"", or Paris stock market, did not open until 24 September 1724 on ""rue Vivienne"", in the former ""hôtel de Nevers"", long after stock markets had existed in Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Toulouse and other cities. The ""Banque de France"" was not founded until 1800, long after the Bank of Amsterdam (1609), and the Bank of England (1694). Throughout the 18th century, the government was unable to pay its mounting debts. As Saint-Simon wrote, the taxpayers of France were obliged to pay for ""a war badly begun and badly supported, the greed of a prime minister, of"
"the French Overseas Departments), which was set up in 1959, and the (IEOM - Note-Issuing Bank for the French Overseas Territories), which was set up in 1967. CCCE became (CFD – French Development Fund) in 1992. Finally, with the reform of French cooperation in 1998, CFD become (AFD – the French Development Agency) and the main operator for French development assistance. In addition to a marked increase in its financing, between 2001 and 2010, there was a diversification in the financial instruments used by AFD: grants, of course, but also highly “concessional” loans or loans without interest subsidies, investment funds,"
"de France (CCF). Two years later, the business of the Banque de Bordeaux was also acquired. In 1922, the bank’s central management and main services were transferred to 103, avenue des Champs-Élysées. Still the headquarters of the bank today, these former hotel premises offered a prestigious location from which CCF consolidated its standing on the French banking scene. The company continued to expand through the acquisition of other banks and, by the end of the decade, it had become the sixth largest bank in France. In the 1960s, during the chairmanship of Jacques Merlin, CCF embarked upon a policy of"
"""Banque de Crédit et de Dépôt des Pays-Bas"" and ""Banque de Paris"" would merge on January 27, 1872 to create ""Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas"" (Paribas). During its first year of existence, the new bank joined forces with Crédit Lyonnais to head the financial consortium set up to float one-third of the Franco-Prussian War indemnity loan of 3 billion francs for the French government. The major part of the funds raised by Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas came through its Brussels outlet as a result of the close relations established with certain German financiers. Between 1888 and 1913"
"Fransabank Fransabank is one of the oldest banks in Lebanon. The bank has 125 branches in various Lebanese territories. In addition to Lebanon, the bank has branches in France, Algeria, Syria, Sudan, Belarus, Cyprus, Iraq, Libya and the United Arab Emirates. In 1921, the Bank opened as a branch of Crédit Foncier d'Algérie et de Tunisie (CFAT). In 1963, the bank was renamed to the new name of ""Société Centrale de Banque"", and in 1971 was purchased by Banque Française pour le Moyen-Orient SAL (BFMO), a Lebanese banking company. After numerous mergers with other Lebanese banks, in 1982 the bank"
"pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI) and Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP) – in 1966. The Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas S.A. (""Bank of Paris and the Netherlands""), or Paribas, was formed from two investment banks based respectively in Paris and Amsterdam, in 1872. ""Les Pays-Bas"" (""The Low Countries"") is French for the Netherlands. In May 2000, BNP and Paribas merged to form BNP Paribas, which is thus descended from four founding banking institutions. On 7 March 1848, the French Provisional Government founded the ""Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris"" (CNEP) in response to the financial shock caused by"
"group in Central Africa, by assets. In 1971, the Group started with one institution in Gabon called Bank of Paris and the Netherlands Gabon. That first bank was a joint venture between several private Gabonese investors, BNP Paribas and the Netherlands. The Group's first subsidiary was set up in 1987 under the name FIGADIM and was later renamed BGFIBail. In 1996, when Gabonese private investors acquired majority shareholding in the bank, it rebranded as the International Gabonese and French Bank known in French, as ""Banque Gabonaise et Française Internationale"" (BGFI). The Group's second subsidiary, Financiere Transafricaine (Finatra), was established in"
"appointed administrators. Spanish coinage continued to circulate. France subsequently bought out the shares of some of the founding owners to acquire majority control. By 1919 it became impossible to maintain a fixed parity between the Hassani and the French currency, both of which were circulating in Morocco, and in October the Banque gave up the fixed exchange rate. In March 1920, the Banque demonetized the Hassani currency. Instead, it issued notes and coins denominated in the Moroccan franc. An operations account ensured that from December 1921 the Moroccan and French francs would trade at parity. In 1946 the Banque received"
"Vernes and Marcel Dassault, the Vernes bank merge with the commercial Bank of Paris (in former days Josse, Lippens and Cie until 1952) and constitute then the Vernes bank and commercial of Paris (or BVCP). In 1978 the bank participated in the Bank Michel Inchauspé. Banque Palatine Banque Palatine was founded in 1780 in Lyon (France), and is therefore one of the oldest French banks still being run. It is today a full branch subsidiary of the mutual group BPCE. Its core businesses are retail banking with small and medium-sized enterprises, private banking and asset management. Its headquarters is in"
"the first fifteen years it was the sole issuer of bank notes in Paris, and this privilege was extended to other financially important cities and the rest of the country by 1848. The Bank was also instrumental in the creation of the Latin Monetary Union (LMU) in 1865. The countries of France, Belgium, Italy, and the Swiss Confederation established the LMU franc as a common bimetallic currency. In World War I, the Bank of France sold short-term Treasury bonds abroad to help pay for wartime expenditures. France abandoned the gold standard shortly after the outbreak of war. Debts amounted to"