"with the High King. Múnón was wedded to the daughter of the High King at that time, Priam. The daughter's name was Tróán. According to Snorri, Múnón and Tróán had a child named Trór, ""whom,"" Snorri states, ""we call Thor."" Thus, in Snorri's euhemerized account of Norse mythology, Múnón is the father of Thor, who, according to Snorri, is the ancestor (eighteen generations later) of Odin. Menon (Trojan) Menon (in Greek Mένων) was a Trojan soldier killed by Leonteus in the Trojan War as detailed by Homer in the Iliad (XII.201). There is also a Trojan chieftain or king by"
"starting in the 18th century BC; eventually the myths of the heroes of the Trojan War and its aftermath became part of the oral tradition of Homer's epic poems, the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey"". Two poems by Homer's near contemporary Hesiod, the ""Theogony"" and the ""Works and Days"", contain accounts of the genesis of the world, the succession of divine rulers, the succession of human ages, the origin of human woes, and the origin of sacrificial practices. Myths are also preserved in the Homeric Hymns, in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle, in lyric poems, in the works"
"with newly edited text and commentary. Quintus Smyrnaeus Quintus Smyrnaeus or Quintus of Smyrna, also known as Kointos Smyrnaios (), was a Greek epic poet whose ""Posthomerica"", following ""after Homer"" continues the narration of the Trojan War. He has traditionally been thought to have lived in the latter part of the 4th century AD, but early dates have also been proposed. His epic in fourteen books, known as the ""Posthomerica"", covers the period between the end of Homer's ""Iliad"" and the end of the Trojan War. Its primary importance is as the earliest surviving work to cover this period, the"
"Posthomerica The Posthomerica (, transliterated as ""tà meth᾿ Hómēron"") is an epic poem by Quintus of Smyrna, probably written in the latter half of the 4th century, and telling the story of the Trojan War, between the death of Hector and the fall of Ilium. The first four books, covering the same ground as the ""Coming of Memnon"" of Arctinus of Miletus, describe the doughty deeds and deaths of Penthesileia the Amazon, of Memnon, son of the Morning, and of Achilles; and the funeral games in honour of Achilles. Books five through twelve, covering the same ground as the ""Little"
"Quintus Smyrnaeus Quintus Smyrnaeus or Quintus of Smyrna, also known as Kointos Smyrnaios (), was a Greek epic poet whose ""Posthomerica"", following ""after Homer"" continues the narration of the Trojan War. He has traditionally been thought to have lived in the latter part of the 4th century AD, but early dates have also been proposed. His epic in fourteen books, known as the ""Posthomerica"", covers the period between the end of Homer's ""Iliad"" and the end of the Trojan War. Its primary importance is as the earliest surviving work to cover this period, the archaic works in the Epic Cycle,"
"the Trojan allies. Proclus, in his ""Chrestomathia"", gave an outline of the poem (preserved in Photius, cod. 239). Plato puts quotes from Stasinus' works in the mouth of Socrates, in his dialogue ""Euthyphro"". Stasinus According to some ancient authorities, Stasinus () of Cyprus, a semi-legendary early Greek poet, was the author of the ""Cypria"", in eleven books, one of the poems belonging to the Epic Cycle that narrated the War of Troy. According to Photius others ascribed it to Hegesias (or Hegesinus) of Salamis or elsewhere even to Homer himself, who was said to have written it on the occasion"
"Nostoi The Nostoi (, ""Nostoi"", ""Returns""), also known as Returns or Returns of the Greeks, is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. It was one of the Epic Cycle, that is, the ""Trojan"" cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse. The story of the ""Nostoi"" comes chronologically after that of the ""Iliou persis"" (""Sack of Ilium""), and is followed by that of the ""Odyssey"". The author of the ""Nostoi"" is uncertain: ancient writers attributed the poem variously to Agias (8th century BC), Homer (8th century BC), and Eumelos (8th century BC) (see Cyclic"
"Odyssey The Odyssey (; ""Odýsseia"", in Classical Attic) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the ""Iliad"", the other work ascribed to Homer. The ""Odyssey"" is fundamental to the modern Western canon; it is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature, while the ""Iliad"" is the oldest. Scholars believe the ""Odyssey"" was composed near the end of the 8th century BC, somewhere in Ionia, the Greek coastal region of Anatolia. The poem mainly focuses on the Greek hero Odysseus (known as Ulysses in Roman myths), king of Ithaca,"
"Trojan War In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably Homer's ""Iliad"". The core of the ""Iliad"" (Books II – XXIII) describes a period of four days and two nights in the tenth year of the decade-long siege of Troy; the ""Odyssey"" describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war's heroes. Other"
"Amazon..."" The purpose of the story seems to be to complete the Iliad and give the characters a sense of closure. Many of the characters who had hated an ally in prior works, such as Philoctetes to Odysseus in Sophocles' play, now easily overcome the anger to create harmony. Posthomerica The Posthomerica (, transliterated as ""tà meth᾿ Hómēron"") is an epic poem by Quintus of Smyrna, probably written in the latter half of the 4th century, and telling the story of the Trojan War, between the death of Hector and the fall of Ilium. The first four books, covering the"
"to his son-in-law, a Stasinus of Cyprus mentioned in no other context; there was apparently an allusion to this in a lost Nemean ode by Pindar. Some later writers repeated the story. It did at least serve to explain why the ""Cypria"" was attributed by some to Homer and by others to Stasinus. Others, however, ascribed the poem to Hegesias (or Hegesinus) of Salamis in Cyprus or to Cyprias of Halicarnassus (see Cyclic Poets). It is possible that the ""Trojan Battle Order"" (the list of Trojans and their allies, of ""Iliad"" 2.816-876, which forms an appendix to the ""Catalogue of"
"and heroes whose identities and histories formed part of the oral tradition of the area for centuries before the great Greek poet committed some of them to verse. Homer was not, however, overly concerned with history. Not surprisingly, the historical context for the epic Iliad and Odyssey is not as clear as one would wish. Various attempts have been made over time to identify the origins of the inhabitants of Troy. As early as 1946, American classical art historian Rhys Carpenter argued that the Trojan War, far from being an historical event, was in fact a synthesis of many such"
"War had ever happened and that Troy had even existed, but in 1873 Heinrich Schliemann announced to the world that he had discovered the ruins of Homer's Troy at Hissarlik in modern Turkey. Some contemporary scholars think the destruction of Troy VIIa ""circa"" 1220 BC was the origin of the myth of the Trojan War, others that the poem was inspired by multiple similar sieges that took place over the centuries. Most scholars now agree that the Homeric poems depict customs and elements of the material world that are derived from different periods of Greek history. For instance, the heroes"
"Epic Cycle The Epic Cycle (, ""Epikos Kyklos"") was a collection of Ancient Greek epic poems, composed in dactylic hexameter and related to the story of the Trojan War, including the ""Cypria"", the ""Aethiopis"", the so-called ""Little Iliad"", the ""Iliupersis"", the ""Nostoi"", and the ""Telegony"". Scholars sometimes include the two Homeric epics, the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey"", among the poems of the Epic Cycle, but the term is more often used to specify the non-Homeric poems as distinct from the Homeric ones. Unlike the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey"", the cyclic epics survive only in fragments and summaries from Late Antiquity"
"are not merely strung together from unrelated songs. It is also generally agreed that each poem was composed mostly by a single author, who probably relied heavily on older oral traditions. Nearly all scholars agree that the ""Doloneia"" in Book X of the ""Iliad"" is not part of the original poem, but rather a later insertion by a different poet. Some ancient scholars believed Homer to have been an eyewitness to the Trojan War; others thought he had lived up to 500 years afterwards. Contemporary scholars continue to debate the date of the poems. A long history of oral transmission"
"and Thebes were the major focus of Greek epic poetry. The events surrounding the Trojan War were chronicled in the Epic Cycle, of which much remains, and those about Thebes in the Theban Cycle, which have been lost. The Theban Cycle recounted the sequence of tragedies that befell the house of Laius, of which the story of Oedipus is a part. Homer's ""Odyssey"" (XI.271ff.) contains the earliest account of the Oedipus myth when Odysseus encounters Jocasta (named Epicaste) in the underworld. Homer briefly summarises the story of Oedipus, including the incest, patricide, and Jocasta's subsequent suicide. However, in the Homeric"
"Historicity of the Homeric epics The extent of the historical basis of the Homeric epics has been a topic of scholarly debate for centuries. While researchers of the 18th century had largely rejected the story of the Trojan War as fable, the discoveries made by Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik reopened the question in modern terms, and the subsequent excavation of Troy VIIa and the discovery of the toponym ""Wilusa"" in Hittite correspondence has made it plausible that the Trojan War cycle was at least remotely based on a historical conflict of the 12th century BC, even if the poems of"
"Babylon by Sennacherib in 689 BC and the Sack of Thebes by Ashurbanipal in 663/4 BC. ""'Homer"" is a name of unknown etymological origin, around which many theories were erected in antiquity. One such linkage was to the Greek (""hómēros""), ""hostage"" (or ""surety""). The explanations suggested by modern scholars tend to mirror their position on the overall Homeric question. Nagy interprets it as ""he who fits (the song) together"". West has advanced both possible Greek and Phoenician etymologies. Scholars continue to debate questions such as whether the Trojan War actually took place — and if so when and where —"
"gods from Thucydides' work, he still draws heavily from the Greek mythos, especially from Homer, whose works are prominent in Greek mythology. Thucydides references Homer frequently as a source of information, but always adds a distancing clause, such as ""Homer shows this, if that is sufficient evidence,"" and ""assuming we should trust Homer's poetry in this case too."" However, despite Thucydides' lack of trust in information that was not experienced firsthand, such as Homer's, he does use the poet's epics to infer facts about the Trojan War. For instance, while Thucydides considered the number of over 1,000 Greek ships sent"
"he returns to battle, dooming Hector and Troy, thrice chasing him 'round the Trojan walls, before slaying him, then dragging the corpse behind his chariot, back to camp. The poem dates to the archaic period of Classical Antiquity. Scholarly consensus mostly places it in the 8th century BC, although some favour a 7th-century date. Herodotus, having consulted the Oracle at Dodona, placed Homer and Hesiod at approximately 400 years before his own time, which would place them at c.850 BC. The historical backdrop of the poem is the time of the Late Bronze Age collapse, in the early 12th century"
"Stasinus According to some ancient authorities, Stasinus () of Cyprus, a semi-legendary early Greek poet, was the author of the ""Cypria"", in eleven books, one of the poems belonging to the Epic Cycle that narrated the War of Troy. According to Photius others ascribed it to Hegesias (or Hegesinus) of Salamis or elsewhere even to Homer himself, who was said to have written it on the occasion of his daughter's marriage to Stasinus. At Halicarnassus, according to an inscription found in 1995, local tradition ascribed it to a local poet, a ""Kyprias"" (Κυπρίας). The ""Cypria"", presupposing an acquaintance with the"
"two didactic poems, the first based on the ""Iliad"" and the second based on the ""Odyssey"" in which Homer and the Homeric theology are set forth and then explained by means of three kinds of allegory: historical (), anagogic () or physical (). The first of these works was translated into English in 2015 by Adam J. Goldwyn and Dimitra Kokkini. In the ""Antehomerica"", Tzetzes recalled the events taking place before Homer's ""Iliad"". This work was followed by the ""Homerica"", covering the events of the ""Iliad"", and the ""Posthomerica"", reporting the events taking place between the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey""."
"best poetry, together with the Cavalier poets and John Donne. In prose, the most representative works are found in those of Francis Bacon and the King James Bible. In 1617 George Chapman completed his monumental translation of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey into English verse, which were the first ever complete translations of either poem, both central to the Western Canon, into the English language. The wildly popular tale of the Trojan War had until then been available to readers of English only in Medieval epic retellings such as Caxton's Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye. Jonson was also an important"
"BC. Homer is thus separated from his subject matter by about 400 years, the period known as the Greek Dark Ages. Intense scholarly debate has surrounded the question of which portions of the poem preserve genuine traditions from the Mycenaean period. The ""Catalogue of Ships"" in particular has the striking feature that its geography does not portray Greece in the Iron Age, the time of Homer, but as it was before the Dorian invasion. The title ""Ilias"" (genitive ""Iliados"") is elliptic for ""he poíesis Iliás"", meaning ""the Trojan poem"". , ""of Troy"", is the specifically feminine adjective form from ,"
"the Returns (the lost ""Nostoi"") and Homer's ""Odyssey"". The Trojan cycle also includes the adventures of the children of the Trojan generation (e.g., Orestes and Telemachus). The Trojan War provided a variety of themes and became a main source of inspiration for Ancient Greek artists (e.g. metopes on the Parthenon depicting the sack of Troy); this artistic preference for themes deriving from the Trojan Cycle indicates its importance to the Ancient Greek civilization. The same mythological cycle also inspired a series of posterior European literary writings. For instance, Trojan Medieval European writers, unacquainted with Homer at first hand, found in"
"reach far back before his time (see Homeric Question). ""The Iliad"" is a narrative of a single episode spanning over the course of a ten-day-period from near the end of the ten years of the Trojan War. It centers on the person of Achilles, who embodied the Greek heroic ideal. ""The Odyssey"" is an account of the adventures of Odysseus, one of the warriors at Troy. After ten years fighting the war, he spends another ten years sailing back home to his wife and family. Penelope was considered the ideal female, Homer depicted her as the ideal female based on"
"""Posthomerica"", his epic poem, telling the story of the Trojan War, from the death of Hector to the fall of Troy. In Book 1, Meriones kills the Amazons, Evandre and Thermodosa. In Book 6, with Teucer, Idomeneus, Thoas and Thrasymedes, he comes to the rescue of Agamemnon and Menelaus and kills the Paeonian warrior, Laophoon. in Book 8, Meriones kills Chlemus, the son of Peisenor, and kills Phylodamas with an arrow, and in Book 11 he kills Lycon. In Book 12, Meriones is one of the Greeks to enter Troy inside the Trojan Horse. Christoph Willibald Gluck gave Meriones a"
"Cyclic Poets Cyclic Poets is a shorthand term for the early Greek epic poets, approximate contemporaries of Homer. We know no more about these poets than we know about Homer, but modern scholars regard them as having composed orally, as did Homer. In the classical period, surviving early epic poems were ascribed to these authors, just as the ""Iliad"" and ""Odyssey"" were ascribed to Homer. Together with Homer, whose ""Iliad"" covers a mere 50 days of the war, they cover the complete war ""cycle"", thus the name. Most modern scholars place Homer in the 8th century BC. The other poets"
"its after-effects, including the adventures of Aeneas. Classical topics were the subjects of a good deal of Old French literature, which in the case of Trojan subject matter ultimately deriving from Homer was built on scant sources; since the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey"" were unknown, medieval Western poets had to make do with two short prose narratives based on Homer, ascribed to Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius. The paucity of original text did not prevent the 12th century Norman poet Benoît de Sainte-Maure from writing a lengthy adaptation, ""Le Roman de Troie"", running 40,000 lines. The poems that were written"
"attempt to stamp out the Jewish religion, directed that the temple at Jerusalem be profaned and rededicated to Zeus (Jupiter Olympius). The ""Iliad"" is a poem by Homer about the Trojan war and the battle over the City of Troy. As God of the sky, lightning, thunder, law, order, justice, Zeus controlled ancient Greece and all of the mortals and immortals living there. The Iliad covers the Trojan War, in which Zeus plays a major part. Notable Scenes that include Zeus The most notable conflict in Zeus's history was his struggle for power. Zeus's parents Cronus and Rhea ruled the"
"Even without Homer, the Trojan War story had remained central to Western European medieval literary culture and its sense of identity. Most nations and several royal houses traced their origins to heroes at the Trojan War. Britain was supposedly settled by the Trojan Brutus, for instance. William Shakespeare used the plot of the ""Iliad"" as source material for his play ""Troilus and Cressida"", but focused on a medieval legend, the love story of Troilus, son of King Priam of Troy, and Cressida, daughter of the Trojan soothsayer Calchas. The play, often considered to be a comedy, reverses traditional views on"
"Aeneid The Aeneid (; ) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter. The first six of the poem's twelve books tell the story of Aeneas's wanderings from Troy to Italy, and the poem's second half tells of the Trojans' ultimately victorious war upon the Latins, under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed. The hero Aeneas was already known to Greco-Roman"
"Troy Book Troy Book is a Middle English poem by John Lydgate relating the history of Troy from its foundation through to the end of the Trojan war. It is in five books, comprising 30,117 lines in ten-syllable couplets. The poem's major source is Guido delle Colonne's ""Historia destructionis Troiae"". ""Troy Book"" was Lydgate's first full-scale work. It was commissioned from Lydgate by the Prince of Wales (later Henry V), who wanted a poem that would show the English language to be as fit for a grand theme as the other major literary languages,Ywriten as wel in oure langageAs in"