"which the sequence of the alphabet could be recited and memorized. In Phoenician, each letter name was a word that began with the sound represented by that letter; thus ""ʾaleph"", the word for ""ox"", was used as the name for the glottal stop , ""bet"", or ""house"", for the sound, and so on. When the letters were adopted by the Greeks, most of the Phoenician names were maintained or modified slightly to fit Greek phonology; thus, ""ʾaleph, bet, gimel"" became ""alpha, beta, gamma"". The Greek names of the following letters are more or less straightforward continuations of their Phoenician antecedents."
"Beta Beta (, ; uppercase , lowercase , or cursive ; or ) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 2. In Ancient Greek, beta represented the voiced bilabial plosive . In Modern Greek, it represents the voiced labiodental fricative . Letters that arose from beta include the Roman letter and the Cyrillic letters and . Like the names of most other Greek letters, the name of the beta was adopted from the acrophonic name of the corresponding letter in Phoenician, which was the common Semitic word ""*bait"""
"Alpha Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ; , ""álpha"", ""álfa"") is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 1. It was derived from the Phoenician and Hebrew letter aleph - an ox or leader. Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin A and the Cyrillic letter А. In English, the noun ""alpha"" is used as a synonym for ""beginning"", or ""first"" (in a series), reflecting its Greek roots. In Ancient Greek, alpha was pronounced and could be either phonemically long ([aː]) or short ([a]). Where there is ambiguity, long"
"Omicron Omicron (uppercase Ο, lowercase ο, literally ""small o"": όμικρον < ὂ μικρόν - ""ò mikrón"", micron meaning 'small' in contrast to ""omega"") is the 15th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 70. This letter is derived from the Phoenician letter ayin . In classical Greek, omicron represented the sound in contrast to ""omega"" and ""ου"" . In modern Greek, omicron represents the . Letters that arose from omicron include Roman O and Cyrillic O. The upper-case letter of omicron (O) was originally used in mathematics as a symbol for"
"Chi (letter) Chi (uppercase Χ, lowercase χ; ) is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced or in English. Its value in Ancient Greek was an aspirated velar stop (in the Western Greek alphabet: /ks/). In Koine Greek and later dialects it became a fricative (/) along with Θ and Φ. In Modern Greek, it has two distinct pronunciations: In front of high or front vowels ( or ) it is pronounced as a voiceless palatal fricative , as in German ""ich"" or like the ""h"" in some pronunciations of the English words ""hew"" and ""human"". In front of"
"simply ""o"". As the last letter of the Greek alphabet, Omega is often used to denote the last, the end, or the ultimate limit of a set, in contrast to alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Ω was not part of the early (8th century BC) Greek alphabets. It was introduced in the late 7th century BC in the Ionian cities of Asia Minor to denote the long half-open [ɔː]. It is a variant of omicron (Ο), broken up at the side (), with the edges subsequently turned outward (, , , ). The Dorian city of Knidos"
"by the first 2 letters. The final letter in the sequence changes in Greek alphabetical order after 9,000 issued plates. For example, Patras plates are codice_2, where ΑΧ represents the Achaia prefecture of which Patras is the capital. When codice_3 is reached the plates turn to codice_4 and this continues until codice_5 is finished. Only the letters from the intersection between the Latin and Greek alphabets by glyph appearance are used, namely Α, Β, Ε, Ζ, Η, Ι, Κ, Μ, Ν, Ο, Ρ, Τ, Υ, Χ (in Greek alphabetical order). This is because Greece is a contracting party to the"
"the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style. Sigma Sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. When used at the end of a word (when the word is not all caps), the final form (ς) is used, e.g. (Odysseus); note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end. The shape and alphabetic position of sigma is derived from Phoenician shin 𐤔 . The name"
"Lambda Lambda, Λ, λ (uppercase ', lowercase '; ""lám(b)da"") is the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the sound /l/. In the system of Greek numerals lambda has a value of 30. Lambda is related to the Phoenician letter Lamed . Letters in other alphabets that stemmed from lambda include the Latin L and the Cyrillic letter El (Л, л). The ancient grammarians and dramatists give evidence to the pronunciation as () in Classical Greek times. In Modern Greek the name of the letter, Λάμδα, is pronounced . In early Greek alphabets, the shape and orientation of lambda varied."
"be rendered identically to the uppercase Latin A. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the letter ɑ, which looks similar to the lower-case alpha, represents the open back unrounded vowel. Alpha was derived from ""aleph"", which in Phoenician means ""ox"". Plutarch, in ""Moralia"", presents a discussion on why the letter alpha stands first in the alphabet. Ammonius asks Plutarch what he, being a Boeotian, has to say for Cadmus, the Phoenician who reputedly settled in Thebes and introduced the alphabet to Greece, placing ""alpha"" first because it is the Phoenician name for ox—which, unlike Hesiod, the Phoenicians considered not the second"
"Mu (letter) Mu (uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Ancient Greek , or μυ—both ) or my is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 40. Mu was derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for water, which had been simplified by the Phoenicians and named after their word for water, to become 𐤌 (mem). Letters that arose from mu include the Roman M and the Cyrillic М. In Ancient Greek, the name of the letter was written and pronounced [mŷː]. In Modern Greek, the letter is spelled and pronounced . In"
"Alpha and Omega Alpha (Α or α) and omega (Ω or ω) are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, and a title of Christ and God in the Book of Revelation. This pair of letters are used as Christian symbols, and are often combined with the Cross, Chi-rho, or other Christian symbols. The term ""Alpha and Omega"" comes from the phrase ""I am Alpha and Omega"" (Koiné Greek: ""ἐγὼ τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω""), an appellation of Jesus in the Book of Revelation (verses 1:8, 21:6, and 22:13). The first part of this phrase (""I am the"
"in some fonts, but they are unrelated. ""Beta"" can be used to refer to several consumer and professional videotape formats developed by Japan's Sony Corporation. Although similarly named, they are very different in function and obsolescence. These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style. Beta Beta (, ; uppercase , lowercase , or cursive ; or ) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 2. In Ancient Greek, beta"
"Theta Theta (, ; uppercase Θ or ϴ, lowercase θ (which resembles digit 0 with horizontal line) or ϑ; ""thē̂ta"" ; Modern: ""thī́ta"" ) is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth . In the system of Greek numerals it has the value 9. In Ancient Greek, θ represented the aspirated voiceless dental plosive , but in Modern Greek it represents the voiceless dental fricative . In its archaic form, θ was written as a cross within a circle (as in the Etruscan or ), and later, as a line or point in circle"
"Greek alphabet The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late ninth or early eighth century BC. It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the first alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. In Archaic and early Classical times, the Greek alphabet existed in many different local variants, but, by the end of the fourth century BC, the Eucleidean alphabet, with twenty-four letters, ordered from alpha to omega, had become standard and it is this version that is still used to write Greek today. These twenty-four letters"
"Omega Omega (capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/Isopsephy (Gematria), it has a value of 800. The word literally means ""great O"" (""ō mega"", mega meaning ""great""), as opposed to omicron, which means ""little O"" (""o mikron"", micron meaning ""little""). In phonetic terms, the Ancient Greek Ω is a long open-mid ""o"" , comparable to the vowel of British English ""raw"". In Modern Greek, Ω represents the , the same sound as omicron. The letter omega is transcribed ""ō"" or"
"Zeta Zeta (uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; , , classical or ""zē̂ta""; ""zíta"") is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. It was derived from the Phoenician letter zayin . Letters that arose from zeta include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З. Unlike the other Greek letters, this letter did not take its name from the Phoenician letter from which it was derived; it was given a new name on the pattern of beta, eta and theta. The word ""zeta"" is the ancestor of ""zed"", the name of the"
"Greek alphabet. Thus, twice when the phrase ""I am the alpha and the omega"" appears it is further clarified with the additional phrase, ""the beginning and the end"" (Revelation 21:6, 22:13). The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet were used because the book of Revelation is in the New Testament, which was originally written in Greek. This phrase is interpreted by many Christians to mean that Jesus has existed for all eternity or that God is eternal. Though many commentators and dictionaries ascribe the title ""the alpha and the omega"" to both God and to Christ, some secular"
"indicate text style. Theta Theta (, ; uppercase Θ or ϴ, lowercase θ (which resembles digit 0 with horizontal line) or ϑ; ""thē̂ta"" ; Modern: ""thī́ta"" ) is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth . In the system of Greek numerals it has the value 9. In Ancient Greek, θ represented the aspirated voiceless dental plosive , but in Modern Greek it represents the voiceless dental fricative . In its archaic form, θ was written as a cross within a circle (as in the Etruscan or ), and later, as a line or"
"Gamma Gamma (uppercase , lowercase ; ""gámma"") is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 3. In Ancient Greek, the letter gamma represented a voiced velar stop . In Modern Greek, this letter represents either a voiced velar fricative or a voiced palatal fricative. In the International Phonetic Alphabet and other modern Latin-alphabet based phonetic notations, it represents the voiced velar fricative. The Greek letter Gamma Γ was derived from the Phoenician letter for the /g/ phoneme ( ""gīml""), and as such is cognate with Hebrew ""gimel"" ג. Based"
"(Λ̸) or 03BB (λ̸). Unicode uses the spelling ""lamda"" in character names, instead of ""lambda"", due to ""preferences expressed by the Greek National Body"". These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style. Lambda Lambda, Λ, λ (uppercase ', lowercase '; ""lám(b)da"") is the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the sound /l/. In the system of Greek numerals lambda has a value of 30. Lambda is related to the Phoenician letter Lamed . Letters in other alphabets that stemmed from"
"alphabet were used for the regional dialects of the Greek language during the Archaic and early Classical periods. The Attic dialect, however, used two forms. The first was the Old Attic alphabet, and the second is the Ionic alphabet, introduced to Athens around the end of the 5th century BC during the archonship of Eucleides. The last is the standard alphabet in modern editions of Ancient Greek texts, and the one used for Classical Attic, standard Koine, and Medieval Greek, finally developing into the alphabet used for Modern Greek. Most double consonants are written using double letters: represent or ."
"Psi (letter) Psi (; uppercase ', lowercase '; ""psi"" ) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet and has a numeric value of 700. In both Classical and Modern Greek, the letter indicates the combination /ps/ (as in English word ""lapse""). For Greek loanwords in Latin and modern languages with Latin alphabets, psi is usually transliterated as ""ps"". The letter's origin is uncertain. It may or may not derive from the Phoenician alphabet. It appears in the 7th century BC, expressing /ps/ in the Eastern alphabets, but /kʰ/ in the Western alphabets (the sound expressed by Χ in the"
"Upsilon Upsilon (; or ; uppercase Υ, lowercase υ; ""ýpsilon"" ) or ypsilon is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, has a value of 400. It is derived from the Phoenician waw . The name of the letter was originally just “υ” (""y;"" also called ""hy"", hence ""hyoid"", meaning ""shaped like the letter υ""), but the name changed to “υ ψιλόν”, (""u psilon"", meaning 'simple u') to distinguish it from οι, which had come to have the same pronunciation. In early Greek it was pronounced like English ""oo"" . In Classical Greek, it"
"are: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , /ς, , , , , , and . The Greek alphabet is the ancestor of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. Like Latin and Cyrillic, Greek originally had only a single form of each letter; it developed the letter case distinction between uppercase and lowercase forms in parallel with Latin during the modern era. Sound values and conventional transcriptions for some of the letters differ between Ancient and Modern Greek usage, because the pronunciation of Greek has changed significantly between the fifth century"
"Sigma Sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. When used at the end of a word (when the word is not all caps), the final form (ς) is used, e.g. (Odysseus); note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end. The shape and alphabetic position of sigma is derived from Phoenician shin 𐤔 . The name of sigma, according to one hypothesis, may continue that of Phoenician Samekh."
"Asia Minor (also called Asian Greece i.e. present-day aegean Turkey). The Athenians (c. 400 BCE) adopted that latter variation and eventually the rest of the Greek-speaking world followed. After first writing right to left, the Greeks eventually chose to write from left to right, unlike the Phoenicians who wrote from right to left. Many Greek letters are similar to Phoenician, except the letter direction is reversed or changed, which can be the result of historical changes from right-to-left writing to boustrophedon to left-to-right writing. Greek is in turn the source of all the modern scripts of Europe. The alphabet of"
"for the design of steel structures. In graph theory, a lowercase chi is used to represent a graph's chromatic number. Chi (letter) Chi (uppercase Χ, lowercase χ; ) is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced or in English. Its value in Ancient Greek was an aspirated velar stop (in the Western Greek alphabet: /ks/). In Koine Greek and later dialects it became a fricative (/) along with Θ and Φ. In Modern Greek, it has two distinct pronunciations: In front of high or front vowels ( or ) it is pronounced as a voiceless palatal fricative , as"
"Tau Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ; ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 300. The name in English is pronounced or , but in modern Greek it is . This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ has changed from ancient to modern times from one of to either or , depending on what follows (see Greek orthography). Tau was derived from the Phoenician letter taw (𐤕). Letters that arose from tau include Roman T and Cyrillic Te (Т, т). The letter occupies"
"have corresponded closely to the Hebrew or Arabic aleph. When the ancient Greeks adopted the alphabet, they had no use for a letter to represent the glottal stop—the consonant sound that the letter denoted in Phoenician and other Semitic languages, and that was the first phoneme of the Phoenician pronunciation of the letter—so they used their version of the sign to represent the vowel , and called it by the similar name of alpha. In the earliest Greek inscriptions after the Greek Dark Ages, dating to the 8th century BC, the letter rests upon its side, but in the Greek"
"formatting to indicate the style of text. Omega Omega (capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/Isopsephy (Gematria), it has a value of 800. The word literally means ""great O"" (""ō mega"", mega meaning ""great""), as opposed to omicron, which means ""little O"" (""o mikron"", micron meaning ""little""). In phonetic terms, the Ancient Greek Ω is a long open-mid ""o"" , comparable to the vowel of British English ""raw"". In Modern Greek, Ω represents the , the same sound as omicron."
"Nu (letter) Nu (; uppercase Ν lowercase ν; ""ni"" ) or ny is the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 50. It is derived from the ancient Phoenician language nun . Its Latin equivalent is N, though the lowercase resembles the Roman lowercase v (formula_1). The name of the letter is written in Ancient Greek and traditional Modern Greek polytonic orthography, while in Modern Greek it is written . The uppercase Nu is not used, because it is normally identical to Latin N. The lower-case letter ν is used"
"Instead of the rich vowel system of Ancient Greek, with its four vowel-height levels, length distinction, and multiple diphthongs, Modern Greek has a simple system of five vowels. This came about through a series of mergers, especially towards (iotacism). Modern Greek consonants are plain (voiceless unaspirated) stops, voiced stops, or voiced and unvoiced fricatives. Modern Greek has not preserved length in vowels or consonants. Modern Greek is written in the Greek alphabet, which has 24 letters, each with a capital and lowercase (small) form. The letter sigma additionally has a special final form. There are two diacritical symbols, the acute"