"shredding government documents related to these activities at William Casey's suggestion when the Iran-Contra scandal became public. He also testified that Robert McFarlane had asked him to alter official records to delete references to direct assistance to the Contras and that he had helped. North was tried in 1988. He was indicted on 16 felony counts, and on May 4, 1989, he was initially convicted of three: accepting an illegal gratuity, aiding and abetting in the obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and ordering the destruction of documents through his secretary, Fawn Hall. He was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard"
"the same time we undertook this initiative, we made clear that Iran must oppose all forms of international terrorism as a condition of progress in our relationship. The most significant step which Iran could take, we indicated, would be to use its influence in Lebanon to secure the release of all hostages held there. The scandal was compounded when Oliver North destroyed or hid pertinent documents between 21 November – 25 November 1986. During North's trial in 1989, his secretary, Fawn Hall, testified extensively about helping North alter, shred, and remove official United States National Security Council (NSC) documents from"
"Oliver North Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) is an American political commentator, television host, military historian, author, and retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant colonel. He was convicted in the Iran–Contra affair of the late 1980s, but his convictions were vacated and reversed, and all charges against him dismissed in 1991. North is primarily remembered for his term as a National Security Council staff member during the Iran-Contra affair, a political scandal of the late 1980s. The scandal involved the illegal sale of weapons to Iran to encourage the release of U.S. hostages then held in Lebanon. North"
"to a direct question by Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) regarding who the order came from, to which North responded that he collaborated with CIA director William Casey, national security advisor Robert McFarlane, and General Secord. The legacy of the Iran-Contra affair almost defeated the Reagan administration (much in the same way Watergate ruined Nixon). Oliver North was convicted on multiple felony counts. William Casey soon was out as director of the CIA, imploding both politically and physically as his health began to fail him. Bob Gates replaced him but only lasted five months. Gates later stated, ""The clandestine service is"
"US contact Oliver North attempting to pin the blame on Nir) made him feel ""neutralized of his authority"". In mid-1988 Nir spoke to Bob Woodward of the ""Washington Post"", saying that he was considering how best to sell the Irangate story. After leaving the government Nir opened a London office for an Israeli security firm, and arranged arms and oil contracts for Mexican buyers. On 30 November his chartered Cessna developed engine trouble and crashed, apparently killing him (some reports maintain Nir had been killed previously in Mexico City). After Nir's death, ""a systematic series of burglaries,"" carried out by"
"during their careers. During the George W. Bush presidency, Earl was appointed as chief of staff to acting Deputy Defense Secretary Gordon R. England. Robert Earl (U.S. Marine) Robert Earl was a United States Marine lieutenant colonel and a deputy to Oliver North at the National Security Agency during the early 1980s. Earl graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1967. He was also a Rhodes Scholar. Earl is most famous for being involved with the 1980s Iran-Contra scandal supply effort and participated in the destruction of records. He was granted immunity for his testimony. Oliver North had been a"
"and Robert Mardian. Kenneth W. Parkinson was acquitted. Judge Gesell later was to rule that the office tape recordings of President Nixon were in the public domain because they had been played during a Watergate trial, a finding upheld by the Supreme Court. In 1989, Gesell was the presiding judge in the government's case against National Security Adviser Oliver North, who was convicted of aiding and abetting obstruction of a congressional inquiry into the Iran-Contra arms sale. North also was convicted of ordering the destruction of documents and accepting an illegal gratuity. On July 5, 1989, Gesell probated North's three-year"
"Fawn Hall Fawn Hall (born 1959) is a former secretary to Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and a notable figure in the Iran-Contra affair by helping him shred confidential documents. Born in Annandale, Virginia, in 1959, Hall graduated from Annandale High School in 1977. She began working part-time in a clerical position for the United States Navy, beginning in January 1976 while she was in high school. After graduating, she began working full-time for the Navy at the Pentagon. Hall was detached from the Navy to work at the National Security Council on February 26, 1983, to work for Oliver North."
"in their accounting office. I've seen filing cabinets full of hundred-dollar bills, suitcases full of money... They were laundering money...These people don't know they are even in a war, they think they are running a business. Oliver North came into the public spotlight as a result of his participation in the Iran–Contra affair, a political scandal of the late 1980s, in which he claimed partial responsibility for the sale of weapons via intermediaries to Iran, with the profits being channeled to the Contras in Nicaragua. He was reportedly responsible for the establishment of a covert network used for the purposes"
"Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North was fired from the National Security Council the same day for orchestrating the arms sales and funds diversion. On November 24, North met for several hours with fellow conspirators Richard Secord, a retired Air Force Major General; Albert Hakim, an Iranian American businessman; and Thomas C. Green, a prominent D.C. criminal attorney who claimed to be legal counsel for North, Secord and Hakim. Hours after being fired on November 25, North, Green, and Secord met for several hours at the Embassy Row Hotel. After the meeting, North and Green returned to North's office in the Old"
"and the role of Oliver North in the scandal. Mattes was one of the first persons to bring the Iran–Contra affair to the attention of Senator John Kerry. An aide to Senator Kerry at the time said “Quite frankly I don’t think our investigation would have proceeded without John”. As a Federal Defender in Miami, Mattes found himself in the thick of the cloak-and-dagger incidents of the Contras and their allies. Mattes defended self-described mercenary whistleblower and freelance intelligence operative Jack Terrell from charges he had violated the U.S. Neutrality Act because of his Contra-supply work. Ultimately the case was"
"Brendan Sullivan Brendan V. Sullivan Jr. (born March 11, 1942, Providence, Rhode Island) is a senior partner of the law firm Williams & Connolly. Sullivan is white-collar criminal defense attorney best known for his defense of U.S. Marine Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver North in the wake of the Iran-Contra scandal in the late 1980s. He is known for his combative style and several prosecutors have been fired, disbarred, or jailed for prosecutorial misconduct Sullivan had uncovered. He has also represented former U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary Henry Cisneros, Walter Forbes, former chairman of Cendant Corporation, and a number"
"Robert Earl (U.S. Marine) Robert Earl was a United States Marine lieutenant colonel and a deputy to Oliver North at the National Security Agency during the early 1980s. Earl graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1967. He was also a Rhodes Scholar. Earl is most famous for being involved with the 1980s Iran-Contra scandal supply effort and participated in the destruction of records. He was granted immunity for his testimony. Oliver North had been a professional acquaintance of Robert Earl since their time together at the Naval Academy. After graduation from the Academy, Earl and North often crossed paths"
"re-election. Furor over Robb's alleged affair with model Tai Collins provided plenty of momentum for the Republican Iran-Contra figure Oliver North. A factor to Robb's advantage was the independent candidacy of attorney J. Marshall Coleman. North likely lost votes to Coleman especially when Virginia's other Senator, Republican John Warner, endorsed Coleman over North. Robb received 46% of the vote to North's 43% with Coleman garnering 11%. Oliver North was a very controversial figure as he was involved in the Iran-Contra Affair, a scandal during Ronald Reagan's presidency. Marshall Coleman attempted to seize the middle ground between Robb and North. Republican"
"administration by making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8, and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt. Clark returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests. After the Iran-Contra hearings in Congress, Clark wrote privately to Reagan urging him to pardon his three aides who were threatened with indictments in the conspiracy: Oliver North, John Poindexter, and Robert McFarlane. Under President George H. W. Bush, Clark also orchestrated the lobbying campaign to obtain a pardon for his friend Caspar Weinberger."
"conventions in 2007 and 2008. In 1967, North married Betsy Stuart; they have four children. Although raised in the Roman Catholic faith of his mother, North has long attended Protestant or evangelical services with his wife and children. The Norths live in McLean, Virginia. Oliver North Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) is an American political commentator, television host, military historian, author, and retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant colonel. He was convicted in the Iran–Contra affair of the late 1980s, but his convictions were vacated and reversed, and all charges against him dismissed in 1991. North is primarily"
"choices that are evil and less evil, and one hardly exhausts moral imagination by labeling every untruth and every deception an outrage."" Richard Secord was later tried for false testimony to the Committees. In 1989 the Senate Intelligence Committee investigated why documents appearing at the trial of Oliver North had not been submitted to the Committees. It concluded the non-submission was not intentional. In 1991 Lawrence Walsh's investigation found papers had been withheld from the Congressional committees. This led to indictments for coverup-related offenses against Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger, CIA clandestine services chief Clair George, and CIA European Division Chief"
"unrelated to the scandal. Though Hashemi made a full video confession to numerous serious charges, some observers find the coincidence of his leak and the subsequent prosecution highly suspicious. Oliver North and John Poindexter were indicted on multiple charges on 16 March 1988. North, indicted on 16 counts, was found guilty by a jury of three felony counts. The convictions were vacated on appeal on the grounds that North's Fifth Amendment rights may have been violated by the indirect use of his testimony to Congress, which had been given under a grant of immunity. In 1990, Poindexter was convicted on"
"of administration, National Security Advisor John Poindexter and Col. Oliver North worked through CIA and military channels to sell arms to the Iranian government and give the profits to the contra guerillas in Nicaragua, who were engaged in a bloody civil war. Both actions were contrary to acts of Congress. Reagan professed ignorance of the plot, but admitted that he had supported the initial sale of arms to Iran, on the grounds that such sales were supposed to help secure the release of Americans being held hostage by the Iranian-backed Hezbollah in Lebanon. Reagan quickly called for the appointment of"
"jet. Another scandal broke out around Wilson when a company he had formed to ship United States military aid to Egypt was convicted of overcharging the United States Department of Defense by $8 million. A partner with Edwin P. Wilson in this company was another former CIA officer, Thomas G. Clines. Wilson also maintained that Major General Richard V. Secord was also a ""silent partner"" in this company, though Secord denied this allegation. Nonetheless, Wilson, Clines and Theodore Shackley (another former CIA officer) were all working together with Secord in the summer of 1984 when Oliver North approached Secord to"
"Oliver's phone was tapped in the Watergate scandal. During the Watergate burglaries two phones inside the offices of the Democratic National Committee headquarters had wiretaps placed inside them. One of those phones was the phone of Spencer Oliver who at the time was working as the executive director of the Association of State Democratic Chairmen the other was the phone of the secretary of Democratic National Chairman Larry O'Brien. The tap on Oliver's phone was the only one successfully intercepted. R. Spencer Oliver had been the secretary general of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in"
"much of The Post’s Watergate coverage. According to Bob Woodward's 2005 book ""The Secret Man"", Downie was one of the few people to know the true identity of Watergate scandal informant Deep Throat before it was revealed to be Mark Felt. Downie was named London correspondent in 1979 and worked in this capacity until mid-1982, covering the rise of Margaret Thatcher, the troubles in Northern Ireland, the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana and the Falklands War. He returned to Washington in 1982 as National Editor. He became Managing Editor in 1984. He became Executive Editor in 1991,"
"She worked for North until she was fired on November 25, 1986, at the height of the scandal. Hall's mother, Wilma Hall, was secretary to Robert McFarlane, Reagan's national security advisor, North's superior and a major player in the Iran-Contra affair. In one mishap, Hall transposed the digits of a Swiss bank account number, resulting in a contribution from the Sultan of Brunei to the Contras being credited to a Swiss businessman's bank account instead of the intended account. In June 1987, Hall, herself, began two days of testimony in front of the United States Congress. She confessed to altering,"
"prosecutor best known for the Edwin P. Wilson case; in 1985 Barcella had given a legal opinion to an unnamed government official on giving the go-ahead to an Iran-Contra-related private weapons shipment. Barcella had also been a partner at law firm Laxalt, Washington, Perito & Dubuc, where, according to the Senate Bank of Credit and Commerce International report, Barcella worked directly with Paul Laxalt, then a partner in the law firm and previously chairman of the 1980 Reagan election campaign, on the BCCI account after BCCI was charged with money-laundering. BCCI had been used by Oliver North as part of"
"""October Surprise"" efforts to ensure Iranian hostages were released on a timetable that strengthened Ronald Reagan and not the incumbent President Carter. Ben-Menashe served in the Military Intelligence Directorate until 1987, at one time under Moshe Hebroni, the deputy to the Directorate's Director, General Yehoshua Saguy. Hebroni told Craig Unger in 1992 that ""Ben-Menashe served directly under me. … He had access to very, very sensitive material."" In September 1986 Ben-Menashe gave information to ""Time"" correspondent Raji Samghabadi about the weapons shipments to Iran organised by Richard Secord, Oliver North and Albert Hakim—which later became known as the Iran–Contra affair."
"Arabia. Within the framework of his testimony, North admitted involvement with an Iranian middleman named Manucher Ghorbanifar, stating, ""Mr. Ghorbanifar took me into the bathroom and Mr. Ghorbanifar suggested several incentives to make that February transaction work. And the attractive incentive, for me, was the one he made that residuals could flow to support the Nicaraguan resistance."" When asked why he took painstaking efforts to keep those facts from Congress, North responded that he wanted to be able to deny a covert operation. Other information came to light, including the revealing of other principal figures in the scandal. North testified"
"next day, which in part prompted the House to pass a larger $27 million aid package six weeks later. Meanwhile, Kerry's staff began their own investigations and, on October 14, issued a report that exposed illegal activities on the part of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who had set up a private network involving the National Security Council and the CIA to deliver military equipment to right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras). In effect, North and certain members of the President's administration were accused by Kerry's report of illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress. Kerry's staff investigation, based"
"Law School in 1980. Bromwich was a federal prosecutor in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York and served as associate counsel in the Office of Independent Counsel for Iran-Contra. Bromwich was one of three lawyers for the government in the prosecution of Oliver L. North. He was the Inspector General for the Department of Justice from 1994 to 1999. He headed an investigation into the FBI laboratory; the investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103; the FBI's conduct regarding Aldrich Ames; the handling of classified information by the FBI and the Department of"
"member of the professional staff of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. On December 10, 1985, President Reagan announced that Fortier would serve as the Principal Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, succeeding John Poindexter. Fortier's name appears in several internal NSC emails that have been released to the public in conjunction with the Iran-Contra affair and other matters from that time period. As Poindexter's deputy, and Oliver North's direct superior, Fortier had a central role in the Iran-Contra affair, having been present at key meetings where alternative funding sources for the U.S.-backed paramilitary incursion into Nicaragua and"
"War Stories with Oliver North War Stories was a military history program on Fox News, hosted by Oliver North, a decorated Marine Corps officer, Vietnam war veteran, and key participant of the Iran–Contra affair. The program covered a number of different stories relating to war and national defense, featuring individuals who were directly involved with the topic covered in the episode. Each episode focused on one of three areas: The episodes were often based on current events; the episode which aired August 6, 2006 featured the history of Fidel Castro's rise to power (in light of Castro's temporary relinquishment of"
"leaders. Questioned about the identity of the source, Jacobson replied ""I heard that the leak came from an aide in the White House"". He stated that Iran–Contra figure Oliver North had attended two meetings on the sting operation and had motivation to release the information. UPI reported: ""By linking the Sandinistas with drug traffic... aid to the rebels accused of human rights violations might seem more palatable"". Subcommittee chairman William J. Hughes strongly suggested that North was the source of the leak, but Representative Bill McCollum said, ""...we don't know who leaked this. No one has been able to tell"
"brought him into contact with Oliver North, who was delegated to monitor COG's findings by National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane. Director of Central Intelligence William Webster formally reprimanded Allen for failing to fully comply with the DCI's request for full cooperation in the agency's internal Iran-Contra scandal investigation. After failing to have the reprimand lifted through the regular appeal process, Allen retained future DCI James Woolsey as an attorney and was successful in applying pressure to have the reprimand lifted. Mark Perry observes ""Ironically, Allen's attack on Webster was as unjustified as Webster's reprimand."" The reprimand stemmed from a set"
"operation to covertly sell weapons to Iran and divert the profits to right-wing Nicaraguan rebels known as the Contras. The operation had been engineered out of the White House by Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North, who served on the National Security Council staff. North was then aided by CIA Director William Casey. Aspects of the operation violated a congressionally-mandated restriction of overt U.S. support of the Contras. George initially told Congress that CIA was not involved in the operation, and he later apologized for being evasive. He said he was trying to protect the agency. George would later explain that"