"a small bank note is used, with 50 Bani being the highest value coin in circulation. One leu (Romanian coin) The one leu coin was a coin of the Romanian leu. Introduced in 1870, it last circulated between 1992 and de facto 1996, when it was the lowest-denomination coin in the country. It was considered as circulating coin for accounting reasons and was still minted in proof sets until the 2005 denomination of the currency. In addition to Romania, the coin was minted in Belgium, Austria, France and Hungary. Although the first Romanian coins were minted in the United Kingdom"
"the ""sou"", worth five centimes. The gold Napoleon coin was worth either 20 or 40 francs, and the government also issued silver coins worth five, two and one franc. The government did not have the resources to collect and remake all the coins of the former regimes, so the gold Louis, with an image of the King, worth 24 pounds, and the écu, a silver count worth three of six pounds, were also legal currency. The coins of all the states within the Empire were also in circulation, including those of the German states, northern and central Italy, the Netherlands,"
"disappeared with decimalisation and introduction of the Franc during the French revolution (1st republic) in 1795, but the coin of 5 centimes, the twentieth part of the Franc, inherited the name ""sou"" as a nickname: in the first half of the 20th century, a coin or an amount of 5 francs was still often referred to as ""cent sous"". To this day, in French around the world, ""solde"" means the balance of an account or invoice, and is the specific name of a soldier's salary. Although the ""sou"" as a coin disappeared more than two centuries ago, the word is"
"""soldus"", then ""solt"" in the 11th century, then ""sol"" in the 12th century. In the 18th century (Ancien Régime) the spelling of ""sol"" is adapted to ""sou"" so as to be closer to the pronunciation that had previously become the norm for several centuries. In 1795, the livre was officially replaced by the franc and the sou became obsolete as an official currency division. Nevertheless, the term """"sou"""" survived as a slang term for 1/20 of a franc. Thus the large bronze 5-centime coin was called """"sou"""" (for example in Balzac or Victor Hugo), the """"pièce de cent sous"""" (""hundred"
"sous coin"") meant five francs and was also called """"écu"""" (as in Zola's ""Germinal""). The last 5-centime coin, remote souvenir inherited from the ""franc germinal"", is removed from circulation in the 1940s, but the word ""sou"" keeps being used (except for the 1960 new franc's five-centime coin which was worth five old francs). In Canada, the word ""sou"" is used in everyday language and means the division of the Canadian dollar. The official term is ""cent"". The one cent coins have the vernacular name of """"sou noir"""" (""black sou"") and the 25 cents that of ""thirty sous"". """"Échanger quatre trente"
"Solidus (coin) The solidus (Latin for ""solid""; solidi), nomisma (, ""nómisma"", ""coin""), or bezant was originally a relatively pure gold coin issued in the Late Roman Empire. Under Constantine, who introduced it on a wide scale, it had a weight of about 4.5 grams. It was largely replaced in Western Europe by Pepin the Short's currency reform, which introduced the silver-based pound/shilling/penny system, under which the shilling () functioned as a unit of account equivalent to 12 pence, eventually developing into the French sou. In Eastern Europe, the nomisma was gradually debased by the Byzantine emperors until it was abolished"
"sous pour une piastre"""" (""to exchange four 30 sous for one piastre"") therefore means changing something for an identical thing, as the ""piastre"" is the common name for the Canadian dollar. In Switzerland, a hundred-sou coin is a five-Swiss-franc coin and a four-sou coin is a twenty-Swiss-centime coin. The word sou also remains in informal language in the terms ""ten, twenty ... sous"". Used for over a thousand years, the word """"sou"""" is deeply rooted in the French language and expressions. ""Les sous"", plural, is a synonym for money. « ""Se faire des sous"" », to make money. French sol"
"was replaced by the euro at a fixed parity of €1 = 13.7603 schilling. The schilling was divided into 100 groschen. Shillings were issued in the Scandinavian countries ""(skilling)"" until the Scandinavian Monetary Union of 1873, and in the city of Hamburg, Germany. In Poland ""szeląg"" was used. In the principalities covering present Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg, the cognate term ""schelling"" was used as an equivalent 'arithmetic' currency, a 'solidus' representing 12 'denarii' or 1/20 'pound', while actual coins were rarely physical multiples of it, but still expressed in these terms. The ""soll"", later the ""sou"", both also derived from"
"Piedmontese scudo The scudo (plural: ""scudi"") was the currency of the Piedmont and the other mainland parts of the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia until 1816. It was subdivided into 6 ""lire"" (singular: ""lira""), each of 20 ""soldi"" or 240 ""denari"". The ""doppia"" was worth 2 scudi. During the Subalpine Republic and French occupation (1800–1814), the French franc circulated, supplemented by a small number of locally produced coins. The scudo was replaced by the Sardinian lira. In the late 18th century, copper 2 denari, billon ½, 1, 2½ and 7½ soldi, silver ¼, ½ and 1 scudo, and gold ¼, ½,"
"the restoration of the monarchy, when a campaign of repression began. The metric system was introduced in 1803, as was the franc, worth one hundred centimes, and the ""sou"", worth five centimes. The gold Napoleon coin was worth either 20 or 40 francs, and the government also issued silver coins worth five, two and one franc. The government did not have the resources to collect and remake all the coins of the former regimes, so the gold Louis, with an image of the King, worth 24 pounds, and the écu, a silver count worth three of six pounds, were also"
"before the French Revolution, is approximately equivalent (in terms of purchasing power) to 24 euro or 30 U.S. dollars in 2017. The fact that the coin's name was the same as ECU, the abbreviation of the European Currency Unit, may have assisted the ECU's adoption by France despite its being an acronym of English words. Écu The term écu () or crown may refer to one of several French coins. The first ""écu"" was a gold coin (the ""écu d'or"") minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266. ""Écu"" (from Latin ""scutum"") means shield, and the coin"
"referring to ""sole"" (fr. Latin: ""solidus""), until the 1920s. An Imperial 10-décime coin was produced in billon from 1807 to 1810. During the Consulship period (1799–1804) silver francs were struck in decimal coinage. A five-franc coin was first introduced in 1801–02 (L’AN 10), half-franc, one-franc, and gold 40-franc coins were introduced in 1802–03 (L’AN 11), and quarter-franc and two-franc coins in 1803–04 (L’AN 12). The 5-franc silver coin was called an ""écu"", after the six-livre silver coin of the ""ancien regime"", until the 1880s. Copper coins were rarely issued between 1801 and 1848, so the quarter franc was the lowest"
"French sol The sol, later called a sou, is the name of a number of different coins, for accounting or payment, dating from Antiquity to today. The name is derived from the solidus. Its longevity of use anchored it in many expressions of the French language. The ""solidus"" is a coin made of 4.5 g of gold, created by emperor Constantine to replace the ""aureus"". Doing honour to its name, the new currency earns the reputation of unalterability, crossing almost unchanged the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire, the great invasions and the creation of throughout Europe; not"
"only was it issued in the Byzantine empire until the 11th century under the name of ""nomisma"", but the ""solidus"" was imitated by the barbarian kings, particularly the Merovingians, albeit most often in the form of a ""third of a sou"" (""tremissis""). Facing a shortage of gold, a new ""stabilization"" (as devaluations are often called) is introduced by Charlemagne: from then on the ""solidus"" no longer represents 1/12th of the Roman gold pound but 1/20th of the Carolingian silver pound instead. The ""sou"" itself is divided into 12 denarii and one ""denarius"" is worth 10 ""asses"". But for rare exceptions"
"coins so that clipping could not go undetected. The new demi Louis d'or maintained the weight of the old écu d’or, but decreasing its fineness to 22 carats, allowing it to circulate at a value of five livres. Its double, the Louis d'or had the weight and fineness of the Spanish pistole, or two escudo coins, which was an international trade currency. Smaller values were available through a number of silver coins – the écu (sometimes called the ""louis d'argent""), also available in ½, ¼ and ⅛ écu denominations (60, 30 and 15 sols) – and copper coins (sols and"
"were sold. Despite not being a member of the European Union, in 1999 Monaco also adopted the euro. This is mainly because Monaco never had its own currency and was using the French one, so when France switched to the euro Monaco had no option but to follow suit. The European Union has a special agreement with Monaco that allows this country to mint a limited number of euro coins. Late in 2001, Monaco issued 51,200 starter kits for the nominal price of €15,25 (100 francs) each; however, today their price on commercial websites is more than €600. The Netherlands"
"Belgium, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Slovakia. Only Portugal and Latvia had a plurality in favour of retaining the coins (49% against removal, 45–46% in favour). In Flemish, the 1- to 5-cent coins have the nickname (copper), (redhead) or (little redhead) due to their colour. In Portugal, the 1-cent coin gained the nicknames (button), (bean) and (blacks) due to its small size, colour and value: instead of gambling with real money, buttons sometimes are used. 1 euro cent coin The 1 euro cent coin (€0.01) has a value of one hundredth of a euro and is composed of copper-covered steel."
"silver as time passed. In 1496 the Sejm approved the creation of a national currency, the złoty, and its value was set at 30 groszy, a coin minted since 1347 and modelled on the Prague groschen, and a ""ducat"" (""florin""), whose value was złoty. The 1:30 proportion stayed ( of a kopa), but the grosz became cheaper and cheaper, because the proportion of silver in the coin alloy diminished over time. In the beginning of the 16th century, 1 złoty was worth 32 groszy; by the middle of the same century it was 50 groszy; by the reign of Sigismund"
"Soldo Soldo was the name of an Italian medieval silver coin, issued for the first time in the late 12th century at Milan by Emperor Henry VI. The name derives from the late Roman coin ""solidus"". It quickly became widespread in Italy where it was coined in Genoa, Bologna, and numerous other cities. In Venice, the soldo was minted from the reign of Francesco Dandolo onward, remaining in use also after the republic's dissolution in 1797 and during the Austrian occupation, until 1862. In the 14th century Florence, a ""soldo"" equaled of a ""lira"" and 12 ""denari"". As time passed,"
"subject to manipulation. In 1475, Louis XI created a variant of the ""écu à la couronne"" called an écu au soleil because the sun now appeared above the shield. The process of devaluation continued. In 1515 the ""écu au soleil"" was valued at 36¾ sous but its value was increased to 45 sous by 1547 even though its weight and fineness had been decreased in 1519. The ""écu"" design continued, essentially unchanged, on French gold coins until 1640 when the louis d’or replaced it. In the second half of the 1500s gold and silver imported from Spanish America impacted the"
"Dubbeltje A dubbeltje () is a small former Dutch coin, originally made of silver, with a value of a tenth of a Dutch guilder. The 10-euro-cent coin is currently also called a dubbeltje in the Netherlands. The name ""dubbeltje"" is the diminutive form of the Dutch word ""dubbel"" (Dutch for ""double"") because it was worth two stuivers. When the decimal system came to the Netherlands (about 1800) the 10-cent coin was named a ""dubbeltje"". Before the euro came, the ""dubbeltje"" was the world's smallest coin in use; after the Philippine one centavo coin in aluminium from 1967-1974; it weighed 1.5"
"The silver ""écu"" was further broken down into a 1/8 value coin (""huitième d'écu""), 1/4 value coin (the ""quart d'écu"") and a 1/2 value coin (the ""demi-écu""). All had the king’s bust on the obverse and the royal coat of arms on the reverse. For more on the 17-18th century currency system, see Louis d'or, livre tournois and Italian scudo. The ""écu"" disappeared during the French Revolution, but the 5-franc silver coins minted throughout the 19th century were but the continuation of the old ""écus"", and were often still called ""écu"" by French people. The ""écu"", as it existed immediately"
"smaller coins. Other countries such as Germany favoured retaining the coins due to their desire for €1.99 prices, which appear more attractive to the consumer than a €2 price. According to a Eurobarometer survey of EU citizens, 64% across the Eurozone want their removal with prices rounded; with over 70% in Belgium, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Slovakia. Only Portugal and Latvia had a plurality in favour of retaining the coins (49% against removal, 45–46% in favour). In Flemish, the one-, two- and five-cent coins have the nickname koper (copper), ros (redhead), roske or rostjes (little redhead) due to their"
"escudos, and were minted generally during the 18th century. The escudo (non-gold) was again introduced on 22 May 1911, after the 1910 Republican revolution, to replace the real at the rate of 1,000 ""réis"" to 1 ""escudo"". The term ""mil réis"" (thousand ""réis"") remained a colloquial synonym of ""escudo"" up to the 1990s. One million ""réis"" was called one ""conto de réis"", or simply one ""conto"". This expression passed on to the escudo, meaning 1,000$. The escudo's value was initially set at 675$00 = 1 kg of gold. After 1914, the value of the escudo fell, being fixed in 1928"
"equal to 5 grams of 83.5% silver or 0.29032 grams of gold. The first leu coin was minted in Romania in 1870. Before 1878 the silver Russian ruble was valued so highly as to drive the native coins out of circulation. Consequently, in 1889, Romania unilaterally joined the Latin Monetary Union and adopted a gold standard. Silver coins were legal tender only up to 50 lei. All taxes and customs dues were to be paid in gold and, owing to the small quantities issued from the Romanian mint, foreign gold coins were current, especially French 20-franc pieces (equal at par"
"of Italy. They corresponded to a value of 0.29 of gold or 4.5 grams of silver. The Papal States scudo was the coinage system used in the Papal States until 1866. Between 1798 and 1799, the revolutionary French forces established the Roman Republic, which issued coins denominated in baiocco and scudo. In addition, the states of Ancona, Civitavecchia, Clitunno, Foligno, Gubbio, Pergola and Perugia changed their coinage system to that of the Roman Republic. In 1808, the Papal States were annexed by France, and French francs circulated as the official coins. When the Pope's authority was restored in 1814, the"
"A common theme on the coins was usually celebrating European unity, such as celebrating membership of the European Union. In 1989, the government of the Netherlands issued a series of ECU coins from ₠2½ to ₠200, which could be spent in shops in The Hague, during the European Capital of Culture festival. Gibraltar issued commemorative coins from 1993 through 1996. European Currency Unit The European Currency Unit (₠ or ECU, ) was a basket of the currencies of the European Community member states, used as the unit of account of the European Community before being replaced by the euro on"
"were produced and many examples can easily be obtained for only a few C$dollars, though a few rare varieties can command significantly higher prices. In both Lower and Upper Canada in the early 19th century, there was little in the way of circulating coinage, and merchants struggled to use what coinage there was available that came in a variety of denominations from numerous countries, including, England, the United States and Mexico. To remedy this situation, the Bank of Montreal issued the first bouquet sou token in July 1835. They were minted in New York State, and about 500,000 pieces were"
"One leu (Romanian coin) The one leu coin was a coin of the Romanian leu. Introduced in 1870, it last circulated between 1992 and de facto 1996, when it was the lowest-denomination coin in the country. It was considered as circulating coin for accounting reasons and was still minted in proof sets until the 2005 denomination of the currency. In addition to Romania, the coin was minted in Belgium, Austria, France and Hungary. Although the first Romanian coins were minted in the United Kingdom in 1867, a one leu coin was not introduced until 1870. The first one leu coin"
"was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large, silver coin, approximately equal to the French écu, or, from other sources, to the Spanish dollar. However, during the 18th and early 19th centuries, debasement reduced the kuruş to a billon coin weighing less than 3 grams. At the beginning of the 19th century, silver coins were in circulation for 1 akçe, 1, 5, 10 and 20 para, 1, 2 and 2½ kuruş, together with gold coins denominated in ""zeri mahbub"" and ""altin"". As the silver coins were debased, other denominations appeared: 30 para, 1½, 3, 5 and 6 kuruş. The"
"""deniers"" made a ""sol"" or ""sou"", and twenty ""sols"" made a ""livre"" of New France. However, there was a recurring problem: there was never enough hard currency. Even though the French government sent silver coins from France, such as the ""double tournois"", the coins tended to be taken out of circulation by merchants, who used them to pay their taxes and buy European goods, as well as hoarding the coins for personal financial security. To deal with the shortage, the French government authorized the use of coins limited to New France, the ""monnoye du pays"". These coins had an assigned"
"the ""rand"". The British shilling was replaced by a 5 new pence coin worth one-twentieth of a pound. For much of the 20th century, £sd was the monetary system of most of the Commonwealth countries, the major exceptions being Canada and India. Historically, similar systems based on Roman coinage were used elsewhere; e.g., the division of the ""livre tournois"" in France and other pre-decimal currencies such as Spain, which had 20 maravedís to 1 real and 20 reals to 1 duro or 5 pesetas. In the classical Roman Empire, standard coinage was established to facilitate business transactions. 12 denarii were"
"0.7 g each, against the 3.5 g of copper in the original Chinese cash). Due to oversupply, their production then became unprofitable, but resumed later. These coins remained in demand until the mid-18th century, and production only ended in 1763. VOC officials discovered that large silver coins were being removed from circulation and exported, something they believed reflected a higher (by about 20%) price for silver in Asia. As a result, in 1640 the rijksdaalder (valued at 50 stuivers in the Netherlands) and the Spanish 8 Real were both increased in value to 60 stuiver coins, thereby making it unprofitable"