"different focal length, reducing traffic awareness. However, a 2008 study commissioned by the DfT found that Puffins were safer than Pelican crossings with fewer pedestrian accidents and fewer involving cars,<ref name=""http://www.roadsafetygb.org.uk/news/2170.html""></ref> despite confusing pedestrians. Transport for London decided to stop installing Puffins in 2014, as they prefer the far side indicators. Birmingham Council also dislike the low level indicators at busy city centre crossings. Puffin crossing A pedestrian user friendly intelligent crossing (puffin crossing) is a type of pedestrian crossing in use in the United Kingdom. The design is distinct in that the lights controlling the pedestrians are on the"
"start to cross, the red light changes to an amber flashing light permitting cars to pass if there are no further pedestrians. This reduces the delay to traffic. Under UK law, pelican crossings that go straight across the road are defined as a single crossing, even when there is a central island. Therefore, traffic in both directions must wait until pedestrians have finished crossing and the signal is green or flashing amber. This rule is different from similar standard pedestrian crossings where each portion of the crossing is treated as a separate crossing. However, at installations where the crossings that"
"Central European countries, a combination of red and orange lights is illuminated just before the green phase. The light sequence is as follows: The light is blackened out with a pedestrian pictogram. Ampelmännchen pedestrian traffic signals have come to be seen as a nostalgic sign for the former German Democratic Republic. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, British Crown dependencies and dependent territories, and former possessions like Hong Kong two or more of the following signals are displayed to pedestrians - In the United Kingdom there is no direct offence committed if a pedestrian fails to obey crossing signals and many"
"lights commonly only use two still images - a green walking person and a red standing man, this being the general case where the crossing is at a road junction and the pedestrian signals are in combination with those controlling vehicular traffic. Flashing amber lights and images at pedestrian crossings are used where the vehicular traffic lights perform the sole function of stopping road traffic to allow pedestrians to cross a road. The same system is used also in Switzerland, Hong Kong and Macau. In the United States, the most common aspect is the written 'walk' or 'don't walk.' In"
"for pedestrian movement. At signalized intersections without separate pedestrian signal heads, the traffic signals may be programmed to turn red in all directions, followed by a steady display of yellow lights simultaneously with the red indications. During this red-plus-yellow indication, the intersection is closed to vehicular traffic and pedestrians are given an ""exclusive pedestrian interval"", or a pedestrian scramble phase, in which they can cross any leg of the intersection, usually in whatever direction they choose. This replaces the extra pedestrian signal, but is in violation of the 2009 MUTCD. This practice is obsolescent but it remains in the Commonwealth's"
"Shabbat pedestrian crossing A ""Shabbat"" pedestrian crossing or hands-free pedestrian crossing is an automatically controlled device which allows Orthodox Jews to use pedestrian crossings on Sabbath. The first such crossing is to be installed in the north London suburb of Finchley. The need for such a device arises for Jews who observe Sabbath laws and are prohibited from operating electrical machinery. Instead of having to press an electric button to operate the crossing system, every 90 seconds, traffic lights will automatically turn red giving a chance for pedestrians to cross. The first such device is to be installed at one"
"signals; a waiting pedestrian can stop vehicular traffic by pressing a button and waiting for the pedestrian signal of a red and green man to change to green. The green man can be accompanied by a green bicycle to indicate that the crossing is designated for pedestrians and cyclists; continuing the bird-name theme, this type of crossing is called a toucan crossing, as in, 'two can' cross. Another variation is the pegasus crossing where the pedestrian is accompanied by a green horse to indicate that the crossing is designated for pedestrians and horses, for example, at Hyde Park Corner, London."
"are crossing with no barriers, but with lights and an audible alarm. Designed for low traffic lines, the first was installed at Yafforth, North Yorkshire in 1963. With a line speed of , the crossing must be checked by the driver that it is clear. On the railway, a white light flashes when the crossing is operating correctly, and a red light flashes when the crossing is open to road traffic. However, although popular at first, they are not particularly safe and are rare these days due to barriers being fitted at these crossings. These crossings were popularly installed when"
"has a similar meaning to European flashing green, but means that if a pedestrian glances at it, they will not enter an intersection without enough time to leave. In the United States and in parts of Canada, Australia and New Zealand (e.g., Auckland CBD) pedestrian signals which count down the number of seconds (see Timers below) until cross traffic has the right of way are becoming popular at heavily used pedestrian crossings such as in urban shopping districts. In Massachusetts only, simultaneous red and yellow lights in all directions allow a pedestrian to cross diagonally. This replaces the extra ""WALK""/""DON'T"
"in red and white (the red and white borders weren't introduced until 1992; the borders were just white beforehand). The amber light has been in existence since the Hixon rail crash; previously there were just two red lights. The whole warning light module is known colloquially as a ""wigwag"" (due to the nature of the alternate flashes) and are also used at some airports; fire stations; police stations; and ambulance stations in the UK. When a level crossing activates, the yellow light is usually illuminated for 3–5 seconds and then the two red lights flash alternately for the duration of"
"is likely to have worse safety performance than an unmarked location, even if raised median refuges are provided. The marking pattern had no significant effect on safety. This study only included locations where vehicle traffic was not controlled by a signal or stop sign. Pedestrian crossing A pedestrian crossing (British English) or crosswalk (American English) is a place designated for pedestrians to cross a road. Crosswalks are designed to keep pedestrians together where they can be seen by motorists, and where they can cross most safely across the flow of vehicular traffic. In Europe, the Zebra crossing is a common"
"Belisha beacon A Belisha beacon is an amber-coloured globe lamp atop a tall black and white pole, marking pedestrian crossings of roads in the United Kingdom, Ireland and in other countries (e.g., Hong Kong, Malta, and Singapore), historically influenced by Britain. It was named after Leslie Hore-Belisha (1893–1957), the Minister of Transport who in 1934 added beacons to pedestrian crossings, marked by large metal studs in the road surface. These crossings were later painted in black and white stripes, thus are known as zebra crossings. Legally pedestrians have priority (over wheeled traffic) on such crossings. In 1948, the Central Office"
"A traffic signal on the intersection of the Westminster Highway and Knight Street does the same with dual-indication through and right turn arrows. All intersections with this picture are city operated. In British Columbia, a flashing green globe signal is used at a pedestrian crossing or intersection, at which pedestrians have the ability to stop traffic to allow a safe crossing. They may also be used at a drawbridge. The flashing green indicates that the signal is not currently in use. After the pedestrian pushes the button to trigger the signal, the light becomes a steady green until the sequence"
"signal cycle. Motorists are more likely to notice flashing signal. Drivers of vehicles about to cross pedestrian crossings should be more aware of incoming pedestrians. Current users of flashing green signal are Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Great Britain, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Mexico, Poland, Spain and Sweden. France, Portugal and Switzerland make limited use of flashing green. In Australia, New Zealand, some SADC countries (such as South Africa), Canada and most of the United States, a flashing red or orange pedestrian signal is used at between green and steady red; it means ""complete crossing but do not start to cross"". This"
"on a 5 m grey pole with white reflective bands. In 2015, a solar powered version of the refuge Beacon was introduced, requiring no mains cabling and incorporating the energy saving technology cited in patent GB2519445. Refuge islands may also be used when no light exists and pedestrians need safe harbour after managing one direction of traffic and before taking on the next. This significantly improves amenity for pedestrians trying to cross busy streets, as they are much more likely to find two small gaps in traffic rather than one situation in which gaps for both directions coincide. Since this"
"and pedestrians, and displays messages on electronic signs to encourage considerate behaviour. The system has also been installed in the Woolwich foot tunnel and aims to make urban shared spaces safer and more pleasant to use for all. The system displays two messages: ""No cycling allowed"" (in red text) during busy periods, and ""Please consider pedestrians"" (in green text) during quiet periods. As of March 2017 this system is still in its trial phase, and cycling in the tunnel is still not permitted and will not be until the bylaws are changed. Despite this there are still many who cycle"
"amber light before the red lights start flashing and the barriers descend (one example at Wexford does not have an amber light). Crossings are the same on the whole island of Ireland, and are either of the old gated variant, or are automatic. Ireland does have automatic crossings that have full barriers, which are seen in the UK. The audible alarms are unique to the country. Level crossings in Italy, much as in the rest of Europe, can be manned, unmanned, manual, or automated. In the Italian highway code, level crossings are called Passaggi a Livello, often abbreviated to ""P/L"""
"as well as Cuba in North America, junctions without traffic lights or roundabouts are controlled by stop signs on minor roads and by white, yellow and black priority diamond signs on the major road. In the UK, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, New Zealand and Australia, stop signs are restricted to situations wherein coming to a dead stop is actually necessary because of severely limited sight lines. At the vast majority of minor intersections in these countries Give Way signs and/or equivalent road markings are used. Finally, at the busier crossing streets, Give Way signs may be replaced by (mini) roundabouts, which"
"where it was implemented, such as New York City, where congestion increased due to longer wait times for lights. Robert Moses disliked the scrambles because they held up traffic. In locations such as Washington, D.C., pedestrian scrambles shorten the time allotted to each traffic-signal phase by one-third. One study of exclusive pedestrian intervals in Greenwich, Connecticut, found that it offered no extra benefits compared to a ""concurrent pedestrian interval"" where pedestrians cross when parallel traffic has the green light. In the United States, the 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices allows pedestrian scrambles. In Adelaide, there are two scrambles"
"identical to the pelican crossing, but instead of a green light for motorists, featured a white diagonal cross. The intention of this was to distinguish the crossing lights from any nearby junction (standard) traffic lights). The white cross was widely criticised and users and motoring organisations alike called for the white cross to be replaced by a green light. With some changes to the light timings and road markings, the ""x–way"" crossing became the pelican crossing. In the United Kingdom, the pelican crossing was the first definitive light-controlled crossing for pedestrians, introduced in 1969. This was after the earlier failed"
"enough time to cross before the HAWK beacon releases cross traffic. At the same time as the flashing ""don't walk"" indication, the HAWK beacon displays an alternating flashing red indication to vehicular traffic (the equivalent of a stop sign). During this interval, vehicles on the roadway must stop, and may proceed after yielding to pedestrians in the crosswalk. When vehicle traffic is about to restart, the pedestrian signal goes to steady ""don't walk"". Then, the HAWK beacon goes dark and the pedestrian signal remains in ""don't walk"" mode until the signal is activated by another pedestrian. One study released by"
"a right to cross roads safely and, therefore, planners and engineers have a professional responsibility to plan, design, and install safe crossing facilities."" Unmarked crossings may occur at any intersection, except at locations where pedestrian crossing is expressly prohibited. In the US these are called ""unmarked crosswalks."" The simplest marked crossings may just consist of some markings on the road surface. In the US these are known as ""marked crosswalks."" In the UK these are often called zebra crossings, referring to the alternate white and black stripes painted on the road surface. If the pedestrian has priority over vehicular traffic"
"(branded NRS at the time) but not fully adapted until July 2007. Incandescent halogen lights by companies SGE, GEC Forest City & National Railway Supplies (NRS) are no longer manufactured as they are wasteful on electricity and can cause accidents such as at Beech Hill Crossing in Nottinghamshire, in which a fatality occurred due to the lights' dimness in the low sunlight. However old halogen lights and even LED lights are sometimes donated to heritage railways and used at their crossings, or simply scrapped in the case of some halogen lights. As well as road traffic, smaller pedestrian lights are"
"is little visibility along the railway, or the footpath is especially busy, there will also be a small set of lights with an explanatory sign. When a train approaches, the signal light will change to red and an alarm will sound until the train has cleared the crossing. The safety of unsignalled pedestrian or zebra crossings is somewhat contested in traffic engineering circles. Research undertaken in New Zealand showed that a zebra crossing without other safety features on average ""increases"" pedestrian crashes by 28% compared to a location without crossings. However, if combined with (placed on top of) a speed"
"wants to cross, they have to press a button to notify the signaller, who will raise the barriers if there is no train. There are only a handful of these in the UK, one being at Barnetby, Lincolnshire. The first crossing of this type in the UK was installed in the town of Spath, near Uttoxeter in Staffordshire, and began operating on 5 February 1961. These crossings have two half-barriers that block the entrance lanes to the crossing, as well as lights and audible alarms. They are entirely independent and do not interlock with signals, although they are monitored by"
"traffic light and the light is green for the cars or bikes and there are no pedestrians currently passing the crossing. Pedestrians are encouraged to cross the road at zebra crossings if there is one nearby and are also discouraged from crossing at a red light. In Norway, a red man signal at the crossing indicates that pedestrians must not begin crossing if it would impede cars or entail danger, but a person may walk across if there are no cars nearby. Taking risks and running across in front of cars is not legal. Not everyone is aware that cyclists"
"the use of green road-surfacing rather than red lines – are known as ""Greenways"". A number of hospitals in the United Kingdom have mimicked the red road lines, in and around ambulance dispatch and Accident and Emergency areas. These road markings are to allow ambulances and other emergency vehicles uninhibited access in and out of such areas; whilst these road markings are often respected by road users there is very little (if any) enforcement. In Somerset, the local road safety partnership has designated some of the A roads within the county as ""Red Routes"", but in this case the term"
"becoming common in many states of Australia. When an intersection is given a protected turn prior to the pedestrian crossing on the side road given the green signal, the lights change to yellow and red, and then the red arrow disappears as soon as the pedestrian crossing is given a flashing red signal. The 5-light protected permissive signals in the US are the same. Around Richmond, a suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia, some left turn signals use a dual-indication LED lamp; these signals display a green arrow, a yellow arrow in addition to a yellow ball, and a red ball."
"of flashing amber LED lights, preferred for their brightness and low electricity consumption, are replacing traditional incandescent bulbs in many areas. To be legally compliant, every zebra crossing must be equipped with two Belisha beacons. In the UK, in cases where there is a traffic island or central reservation in the road, the traffic authority can opt whether to place one or more beacons centrally. Since the introduction of new regulations in 1997 the number of zebra crossings and Belisha beacons has fallen in the northern counties of England, being replaced by pelican crossings or puffin crossings, with pedestrian-controlled traffic"
"of yellow, then red (at which time the pedestrian crossing gives a signal) as in a conventional set of traffic lights, then returns to flashing green until another crossing is requested. This indication is also used in Massachusetts at fire stations. In several European countries and Mexico, a flashing green light is used in crosswalks to indicate that signal is going to change from green to red soon. Therefore, flashing green has roughly the same meaning to pedestrians as ordinary yellow signal has for motorists. Slow-moving pedestrians are warned about oncoming signal change and have opportunity to wait for next"
"movement continued into the 1980s. The Green Cross Code itself is a short step-by-step procedure designed to enable pedestrians to cross streets safely. While the Code has undergone several changes over the years, the basic tenets (""Stop, Look, Listen, Think"" or ""Stop Look Listen Live"".) have remained more or less the same. The 2018 version of the Green Cross Code reads as follows: The Green Cross Man is a costumed superhero character created in England in mid-1970 as an aid to teaching young children the Green Cross Code, and for promoting general road safety via television adverts. British actor David"
"pedestrian as well as vehicle traffic. Pedestrian aids include crosswalks, pedestrian-directed traffic signals (""walk light"") and over/underpasses. Walk lights may be accompanied by audio signals to aid the visually impaired. Medians can offer pedestrian islands, allowing pedestrians to divide their crossings into a separate segment for each traffic direction, possibly with a separate signal for each. Some intersections display red lights in a all directions for a period of time. Known as a pedestrian scramble, this type of vehicle all-way stop allows pedestrians to cross safely in any direction, including diagonally. All green for non motorists is known from the"
"painted – in which case black is typical – or left unpainted if the road surface itself is dark. The stripes are typically wide. In the United Kingdom the crossing is marked with Belisha beacons, flashing amber globes on black and white posts on each side of the road, named after Leslie Hore-Belisha, the Minister of Transport, who introduced them in 1934. Pedestrians have a right of way when they step onto the crossing: ""The Highway Code"" states that road traffic ""MUST give way when a pedestrian has moved onto a crossing."" In other countries, zebra crossings are also used"