"right, if they want, to have their own state ... but not at the expense of the state of Israel. In the wake of the Arab uprisings of 2011, he told ""Moment Magazine"", ""To sign an agreement you must have a partner who is dependent on the well-being of his people, which is what democracy means."" Natan Sharansky Natan Sharansky (, , ; born Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky (, ) on 20 January 1948) is an Israeli politician, human rights activist and author who, as a refusenik in the Soviet Union during the 1970s and 1980s, spent nine years in Soviet"
"Natan Sharansky Natan Sharansky (, , ; born Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky (, ) on 20 January 1948) is an Israeli politician, human rights activist and author who, as a refusenik in the Soviet Union during the 1970s and 1980s, spent nine years in Soviet prisons. He has served as Chairman of the Executive of the Jewish Agency since June 2009, to be replaced in August 2018 by Isaac Herzog. Sharansky was born in Donetsk (then called Stalino), Soviet Union on 20 January 1948 to a Jewish family. He graduated with a degree in applied mathematics from Moscow Institute of Physics"
"Sharansky commented with irony that conditions had improved slightly—the stark cell now featured a thin bench bolted to the middle of the floor. He said that if that bench had existed when he was there he could have utilized it to sleep, albeit uncomfortably. As a result of an international campaign led by his wife, Avital Sharansky (including assistance from East German lawyer Wolfgang Vogel, New York Congressman Benjamin Gilman and Rabbi Ronald Greenwald), Sharansky was released on 11 February 1986 as part of a larger exchange of detainees. He was the first political prisoner released by Mikhail Gorbachev due"
"In March 1977, the Soviet Union arrested Natan Sharansky for being a spy for the Central Intelligence Agency. The Soviet Union accused Sharansky of giving the Central Intelligence Agency lists of over 1,300 refuseniks, many of whom were denied exit visas because of their knowledge of state secrets. Representatives of Temple Emanuel met with the head of the Department of State's Human Rights Office to urged the Department of State to pressure the Soviet Union to release Sharansky. Sharansky was imprisoned until February 1986, when he and three other accused spies were released to West Germany in exchange for five"
"Israel while Nathan remained in the Soviet Union. He was imprisoned in 1977 on charges of high treason. In Israel, she changed her name to Avital and began to campaign for her husband's release. In the fall of 1975, she made her first trip to the United States and Canada with the help of activists from the Union of Councils. During this time, she met with members of Congress. In 1978, Nathan was sentenced to 13 years of forced labor. The reaction catapulted the Sharanskys into the spotlight as figures of the Soviet Jewry Movement. Gal Beckerman writes: Shcharansky's trial"
"High treason carried the death penalty. The following year, in 1978, he was sentenced to 13 years of forced labor. Sharansky spent time in the Lefortovo Prison in Moscow, followed by Vladimir and Chistopol prisons, where for part of the time he was placed in solitary confinement. His health deteriorated, to the point of endangering his life. Later he was detained in Perm 35, a post-Stalin-Gulag-type so-called ""strict regimen colony"" in Perm Oblast. He kept himself sane during solitary confinement by playing chess with himself, in his head. Sharansky appeared in a March 1990 edition of ""National Geographic"" magazine. The"
"war with Germany and Japan. Released early from prison in 1946, Vonsyatsky lived out the remainder of his life in the United States. He died in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1965. Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsyatsky was born in Warsaw, Poland (then part of the Russian Empire). His family, though Polish in origin, was known for its long devotion to the Russian czars; one of Vonsyatsky's paternal great-grandfather had been handed a titled estate from the Romanovs. His father, Andrei Nikolaevich, was an army officer assassinated at a Radom office of the Imperial Gendarmes by a Polish revolutionary in 1910. His mother"
"former chief Rabbi Ovadia Yosef in forming Shas, a new party aimed at the non-Ashkenazi Ultra-Orthodox vote. The party won 4 seats in the first election it contested and over the next twenty years was the third largest party in the Knesset. Shas established a nationwide network of free Sephardi Orthodox schools. In 1984, during a severe famine in Ethiopia, 8,000 Ethiopian Jews were secretly transported to Israel. In 1986 Natan Sharansky, a famous Russian human rights activist and Zionist refusenik (denied an exit visa), was released from the Gulag in return for two Soviet spies. In June 1985, Israel"
"Town square test Town square test is a threshold test for a free society proposed by a former Soviet dissident and human rights activist Natan Sharansky, now a notable politician in Israel. In his book ""The Case for Democracy"", published in 2004, Sharansky explains the term: ""If a person cannot walk into the middle of the town square and express his or her views without fear of arrest, imprisonment, or physical harm, then that person is living in a fear society, not a free society. We cannot rest until every person living in a ""fear society"" has finally won their"
"placed under house arrest in Gatchina. In September 1917, the house arrest was lifted. At the end of the following month the Prime Minister, Alexander Kerensky, was deposed in the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks seized power. With a permit to travel issued by Peter Polotsov, a former army colleague of Michael's who held a command in Saint Petersburg, the family planned to move to the greater safety of Finland. Valuables were packed and the children were moved to an estate south of Gatchina owned by Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, the brother of one of Natalia's closest friends (Nadine Vonlyarlarskaya) and"
"years later, when, even without knowing it, I was living the last months in prison, sitting together with Meylanov in punishment cell, he also stood firm on his own, as at the beginning. The years of punishment cells and prisons fell behind, his health was destroyed, but KGB didn’t manage to break his spirit. In the political prisons there were a lot of resistant dissidents, but even on their background Meylanov stood out due to his enduring perseverance». — Natan Sharansky, ""Fear no evil"", 1991 Vazif Meylanov Vazif Sirazhutdinovich Meylanov (, 15 May 1940, Makhachkala, Dagestan ASSR, RSFSR, USSR –"
"forced to resign rather than face impeachment, he did earn a Presidential letter of thanks (see the letter at the bottom of this article). He died in his sleep while on vacation in Florida, on January 20, 2016. Greenwald was involved in scores of release efforts for various prisoners from around the world. In perhaps his highest profile case, Rabbi Greenwald worked closely with Representative Benjamin Gilman (R-NY) and East German lawyer Wolfgang Vogel to secure the release of Soviet dissident and Refusenik Natan Sharansky from Soviet prison in the late 1970s. He made more than 25 trips across the"
"The Case for Democracy The Case for Democracy is a foreign policy manifesto written by one-time Soviet political prisoner and former Israeli Member of the Knesset, Natan Sharansky. Sharansky's friend Ron Dermer is the book's co-author. The book achieved the bestsellers list of the ""New York Times"", ""Washington Post"" and ""Foreign Affairs"". In the book, Sharansky and Dermer argue that the primary goal of American foreign policy, as well as that of the free world, should be the expansion of democracy. The book advocates a moral foreign policy based on belief in the universality of freedom and human rights. Sharansky"
"charged with. He added that after his release from jail, he intended to file a petition to be granted Cambodian citizenship and planned to develop a business in the country. K. Baglay and A. Karachinsky were released from custody uncharged on 11 March 2013 and Polonsky was released on bail on 3 April 2013. On 15 May 2015, Polonsky was arrested again in Sihanoukville, where authorities said he had been living for two years with an expired visa. Cambodian Authorities has deported this fugitive Russian tycoon living illegally after he was accused of embezzling $175m in his homeland. He was"
"place on 10 February 1962. The Americans released Rudolf Abel, convicted for spying for the Soviet Union in 1957, in exchange for Gary Powers, the pilot of a U-2 spy plane shot down in 1960. On 12 June 1985, there was a swap of 23 American agents held in Eastern Europe for Polish agent Marian Zacharski and another three Soviet agents arrested in the West. The exchange was the result of three years of negotiation. The final exchange was also the most public. On 11 February 1986 the human rights campaigner (""refusenik"") and political prisoner Anatoly Shcharansky (now known as"
"prisoner camp, but then his wife was arrested and sent to the same camp. He was then transferred to a camp in the Perm region. As a disabled person, he was not forced to do work at first. But, he took part in prisoner strikes and was later forced to do labor despite his injuries from the Great Patriotic War. On 5 March 1984 he was taken to the village of Mamai, in the present day Altai Republic, to serve his exile. Three years later, his wife Raisa Rudenko joined him, and they were released in 1987 due to public"
"to a penal colony. Asratyan was released in 1984 after serving only a two-year sentence and almost immediately began committing rapes, again being convicted and imprisoned for two years in 1985. After his release in 1987, he moved to Valuyki, Belgorod Oblast, for a short time but soon returned to Moscow, where Asratyan's wife ended their relationship and kicked him out of the house. Asratyan met another woman with whom he entered a civil marriage, and moved in with the woman and her 14-year-old daughter. The two assisted him when he continued his crimes in Moscow where he began using"
"Alexander Yakobson emigrated to Israel. Alexander Ulanovsky Alexander Ulanovsky (a.k.a. Ulrich, William Joseph Berman, Bill Berman, Felik, Long Man, Nathan Sherman) (1891–1970) was the chief illegal ""rezident"" for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU), who was rezident in the United States 1931-1932 with his wife and was imprisonened in the 1950s with his family in the Soviet gulag. Born to a Jewish family in Chişinău, (Bessarabia), as Izrail Khaykelevich Ulanovsky, he joined the anarchists as a young man. In 1907, his family moved to Kerch (Crimea). Arrested for radical activity, he was deported to Siberia, where he was confined to the same"
"Party had to face the fact that there was widespread dissatisfaction with its governance. Former Soviet dissident Natan Sharansky wrote in his 2004 book ""The Case for Democracy"" (p. 3): Enacted on November 21, 1989, the Lautenberg Amendment, Public Law 101-167, took effect in 1990 which provided refugee status in the United States for nationals from the Soviet Union and later the former Soviet Union, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania who are Jews, Evangelical Christians, Ukrainian Catholics or Ukrainian Orthodox; as well as nationals of Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia; and Jews, Christians, Baha’is and other religious minorities from Iran. The"
"crime is immeasurable especially in the new stage of struggle of the U.S.S.R. May this trial be the last severe lesson, and may the great might of the U.S.S.R. become clear to all."" Romain Rolland and others wrote to Stalin seeking clemency for Bukharin, but all the leading defendants were executed except Rakovsky and two others (who were killed in NKVD prisoner massacres in 1941). Despite the promise to spare his family, Bukharin's wife, Anna Larina, was sent to a labor camp, but she survived to see her husband rehabilitated by the Soviet state under Mikhail Gorbachev in 1988. The"
"Alexander Ulanovsky Alexander Ulanovsky (a.k.a. Ulrich, William Joseph Berman, Bill Berman, Felik, Long Man, Nathan Sherman) (1891–1970) was the chief illegal ""rezident"" for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU), who was rezident in the United States 1931-1932 with his wife and was imprisonened in the 1950s with his family in the Soviet gulag. Born to a Jewish family in Chişinău, (Bessarabia), as Izrail Khaykelevich Ulanovsky, he joined the anarchists as a young man. In 1907, his family moved to Kerch (Crimea). Arrested for radical activity, he was deported to Siberia, where he was confined to the same village as Joseph Stalin. While"
"an orphanage. In Ivanovo she was rearrested in October 1949 and deported to the Omsk region where she was set to work on a collective farm and lived with the Götting family, surviving members of the Volga German community. Meanwhile Rudolf Rocker, who by this time had lived in the United States for many years, launched an international campaign for her release: In the end she was allowed to return to her work at the orphanage in Ivanovo only after the death, early in 1953, of Joseph Stalin. The Soviet occupation zone was superseded in October 1949 by the Soviet"
"and planned to emigrate from the Soviet Union. He was arrested by the Soviet MGB in the city of Lvov in the Ukraine as he was trying to cross the border with his family, charged with ""anti-Soviet"" treason and sent to a Gulag prison camp in Far East with a ten-year sentence. For the next eight years Rosner continued to perform in the Gulag camp near Magadan, and was allowed to use music, or be used, to lift the spirits of other prisoners of the Soviet Gulag. He was released in May 1954, more than a year after Stalin's death."
"country"". On 26 March 1917 this decision was published in newspaper """"Pravda"""". Jailbirds of Kerensky Jailbirds of Kerensky (, Ptentsy Kerenskogo) was informal term of Russian Revolution for people who were released from Russian jails on amnesty that was announced by Russian Minister of Justice Alexander Kerensky in March of 1917. According to some historians, among politically amnestied there were about 90,000 convicts who were released by three amnesties of the 1917 Russian Provisional Government and since March of 1917 thousands of inveterate criminals obtained freedom. When Kerensky was appointed a minister of Justice in the newly established Russian Provisional"
"United States entered World War I. She worked to end war and capital punishment. Anna Strunsky was born March 21, 1877 into a Jewish family in Babinots (now Babinovitch), Liozna Raion, Russian Empire (now Belarus). Her family (her parents were Elias Strunsky and Anna Horowitz) emigrated to New York City in 1886 when she was nine years old. Her several siblings included an older brother Max and a younger sister Rose, with whom she was close. After several years in New York, in 1893, the family moved to San Francisco. They moved in with her older brother Max, already established"
"Jailbirds of Kerensky Jailbirds of Kerensky (, Ptentsy Kerenskogo) was informal term of Russian Revolution for people who were released from Russian jails on amnesty that was announced by Russian Minister of Justice Alexander Kerensky in March of 1917. According to some historians, among politically amnestied there were about 90,000 convicts who were released by three amnesties of the 1917 Russian Provisional Government and since March of 1917 thousands of inveterate criminals obtained freedom. When Kerensky was appointed a minister of Justice in the newly established Russian Provisional Government, on Russian Ministry of Justice abolished special civil courts, Okhranka (Russian"
"from the Gulag system in 1953 after Stalin died, while sick with tuberculosis, after having spent almost twenty years of her life there. Her exile ended in 1959 and she returned to Moscow. She devoted the rest of her life to clearing her husband’s name writing long, detailed letters to Nikita Khrushchev and his successors demanding Bukharin's reinstatement in the pantheon of revolutionary heroes. He was finally “rehabilitated” and cleared of all charges in 1988 – fifty years after his death. In 1988, she gave a speech at a conference commemorating the hundredth anniversary of Bukharin’s birth given by the"
"at Ansar, Lebanon. He later wrote that this was a 'life-changing' experience, coming into direct contact with the conditions of captured Palestinians, some locked in solitary confinement in what he took at first to be 1 metre square concrete boxes for guard dogs. During a guided tour, he states that, as he peered across the barbed wire at the POWs, he felt that ‘the place was a concentration camp. The inmates were the 'Jews', and I was nothing but a ‘Nazi’.' As soon as he was demobbed from the army, he took flight to Europe in December 1984, living as"
"only two months of his planned three years, before he escaped in 1912. Once he came to power, he himself ironically sent thousands of prisoners to the Narym gulag. According to the historian Zubareva, between 1935 and 1939 approximately 200,000 people were sent to Narym alone. In the beginning of the 1950s Narym saw a second major influx of Soviet exiles, after the end of World War II. Between 1930 and 1989. more than 500,000 people were banished to Narym and its surroundings. Under Stalin's rule, a portion of these prisoners were placed in labor camps, while the rest were"
"and worked for the Russian newspaper ""Tägliche Rundschau"". He was arrested, along with many other Jews, during Stalin's last weeks of life, and spent four to five years in a Siberian gulag). When he was released, he moved to Kiev. Natan Ilyich Zabara Natan Ilyich Zabara (1908-1975) was a Jewish writer born in Rogachev, a shtetl located in the Zhytomyr area of Ukraine. He wrote in Yiddish and was a member of the Union of Ukrainian Writers (Soyuz Ukrainiski Pisatelei). In his youth, Zabara lived in Kharkiv and was an active member of the youth Zionist Movement. It was in"
"life incarcerated at an Invalid Home in the Ukrainian SSR. At one time he shared a cell with former Lithuanian President Aleksandras Stulginskis and other Lithuanian dignitaries such as Juozas Urbšys, former Foreign Affairs Minister. Finally allowed to write letters, in 1956 he was able to communicate for the first time with his surviving daughters who now lived in the United States, Australia, and Canada, and with former colleagues who had been allowed to return to the Lithuanian SSR. His voluminous letters are philosophical, scholarly, and historical and reveal some details of his life in exile. Allowed to return to"
"freedom."" The test became famous after George W. Bush endorsed the book and Condoleezza Rice referenced it to characterize ""a fear society"" in her prepared remarks before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 18, 2005: Rice went on to identify Belarus, Burma, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Zimbabwe as examples of outposts of tyranny. Town square test Town square test is a threshold test for a free society proposed by a former Soviet dissident and human rights activist Natan Sharansky, now a notable politician in Israel. In his book ""The Case for Democracy"", published in 2004, Sharansky explains the"
"and sentenced to life in prison. Glowatski and his parents moved around frequently prior to their separation in 1996; he lived in Estevan and Regina, Saskatchewan, and Castlegar, British Columbia. In 1996, Glowatski and his father moved to Nanaimo, British Columbia on Vancouver Island. By 1997, they had settled in a trailer home near the southern tip of the Island in Saanich. The following year Glowatski's father married a woman he met in Las Vegas, Nevada. Warren Glowatski decided to remain in Saanich, living alone in the trailer and supported by money sent by his father. On the night of"