"Speech error A speech error, commonly referred to as a slip of the tongue (Latin: lapsus linguae, or occasionally self-demonstratingly, lipsus languae) or misspeaking, is a deviation (conscious or unconscious) from the apparently intended form of an utterance. They can be subdivided into spontaneously and inadvertently produced speech errors and intentionally produced word-plays or puns. Another distinction can be drawn between production and comprehension errors. Errors in speech production and perception are also called performance errors. Some examples of speech error include sound exchange or sound anticipation errors. In sound exchange errors the order of two individual morphemes is reversed,"
"Favete linguis! “Favete linguis!” is a Latin phrase, which translated means “""Facilitate [the ritual acts] with your tongues""” (""tongues"" as the organ of speech). In other words, ""hold your tongue"" or “""Facilitate the ritual acts by being silent""”. The phrase is used by Cicero, Ovid, Horace, Pliny the Elder and Seneca. Northrop Frye used the term in reference to the way that the philosophy of ""new criticism"" proscribes a limitation on the use of interdisciplinary criticism, suggesting that, for those who wish to dabble with a text by using tools from outside the literary tradition (i.e. using the critical techniques"
"begins with the following passage: Latin Latin (Latin: , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet. Latin was originally spoken in the area surrounding Rome, known as Latium. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, initially in Italy and subsequently throughout the western Roman Empire. Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Greek, and French have contributed many words to the English"
"Lapsus A lapsus (Latin for ""lapse, slip, error"") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking, something long studied in philology. In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and Karl Meyer, who collected a large number of examples and divided them into separate types. Freud was to become interested in such mistakes from 1897 onwards, developing an interpretation of slips in terms of their unconscious meaning. Subsequently followers of his like Ernest Jones developed the theme of lapsus in connection with writing, typing, and misprints. According to Freud's early"
"Latin Latin (Latin: , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet. Latin was originally spoken in the area surrounding Rome, known as Latium. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, initially in Italy and subsequently throughout the western Roman Empire. Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Greek, and French have contributed many words to the English language. In particular, Latin and"
"in Latin and clearly understood, whereas in English it is awkward, at best, and meaningless, at worst: Latin grammar Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood. The inflections are often changes in the ending of a word, but can be more complicated, especially with verbs. Thus verbs can take any of over 100 different endings to express different meanings, for example ""regō"" ""I rule"", ""regor"""
"genuine constructed language, based on (but expanding greatly upon) the magical words of power that first saw use in """", as well as the mantras for each of the Shrines of Virtue, which had remained consistent since """". The lexicon mostly comprises deformed or truncated Latinate stems (""flam"" ""fire"" ← Latin ""flamma""; ""lap"" ""stone"" ← Latin ""lapis""; ""leg"" ""to read"" ← Latin ""legō""), but other origins are also apparent (""uis"" ""wisdom"" ← English ""wise""; ""kas"" ""helmet"" ← French ""casque""). But the grammar is ""de novo"" and bears little resemblance to Latin, being largely analytic in structure instead. Gargish uses suffixes"
"Langue and parole Langue (French, meaning ""language"") and parole (meaning ""speaking"") are linguistic terms distinguished by Ferdinand de Saussure in his ""Course in General Linguistics"". ""Langue"" encompasses the abstract, systematic rules and conventions of a signifying system; it is independent of, and pre-exists, individual users. ""Langue"" involves the principles of language, without which no meaningful utterance, ""parole"", would be possible. ""Parole"" refers to the concrete instances of the use of ""langue"". This is the individual, personal phenomenon of language as a series of speech acts made by a linguistic subject. Saussure did not concern himself overly with ""parole""; however, the"
"in a striking new manner that attracts attention. Latin authors became masters of this art of variety. Latin is a highly ""inflected"" language, with many grammatical forms for various words. As a result, it can be used with a pithiness and brevity unknown in English. It also lends itself to elaboration, because its tight syntax holds even the longest and most complex sentence together as a logical unit. Latin can be used with striking conciseness, as in the works of Sallust and Tacitus. Or it can have wide, sweeping phrases, as in the works of Livy and the speeches of"
"sources state that foliate papilitis refers to inflammation of the lingual tonsil, which is lymphoid tissue. The term ""lingual"" is derived from the Latin word ""lingua"" meaning ""tongue"" or ""speech"". ""Papilla"" is from Latin, meaning ""nipple"". ""Vallate"" (pronounced \ˈva-ˌlāt\) is from the Latin word ""vallum"" (rampart, wall), and means ""having a raised edge surrounding a depression"". This refers to the circular mucosal elevation which surrounds the circumvallate papillae. ""Fungiform"" (pronounced \ˈfən-jə-ˌfȯrm\) is from the Latin words ""fungus"" (mushroom) and ""forma"", and means ""shaped like a mushroom or fungus"". ""Foliate"" (pronounced \ˈfō-lē-ət\) is from the Latin word ""foliatus"" (leafy), and means"
"Mello, besides the writers Lêdo Ivo and Graciliano Ramos. The Latin ""lacus"", ""reservoir, lake"" is the origin, in the primitive vocabulary heritage, of the Portuguese, Spanish, and Italian ""lago"", French ""lac"", one of its derivatives, the Latin ""lacuna"", ""pitfall, hole"", ""lack, want, neglect"", explains the Spanish and Italian ""laguna"". But the Portuguese ""lagoa"", coincidentally with the Spanish ""lagona"" and Mirandese ""llagona"", suggests a change in suffix, already documented in a 938 document from Valencia, under the spelling ""lacona"", and in another from 1094, in Sahagún, under the spelling ""lagona"". The Portuguese ""lagoa"" under the spelling ""lagona"" (perhaps ""lagõna""), is documented"
"Latin grammar Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood. The inflections are often changes in the ending of a word, but can be more complicated, especially with verbs. Thus verbs can take any of over 100 different endings to express different meanings, for example ""regō"" ""I rule"", ""regor"" ""I am ruled"", ""regere"" ""to rule"", ""regī"" ""to be ruled"", ""rēxisset"" ""he would have ruled"", and so"
"the Latin word for the vulva (""cunnus"") and the verb ""to lick"" (""linguere"", cf. ""lingua"" ""tongue""). These include ""sinus"", ""indentation"", and ""fossa"", ""ditch"". The modern scientific or polite words ""vulva"" and ""vagina"" both stem from Latin, but originally they had different meanings. The word ""vāgīna"" is the Latin word for scabbard or sword-sheath. ""Vulva"" (or ""volva"") in classical Latin generally signified the womb, especially in medical writing, and also it is also common in the Vetus Latina (pre-Jerome) version of the Bible. The meanings of ""vagina"" and ""vulva"" have changed by means of metaphor and metonymy, respectively. Other words for"
"informal or non-technical English, to say ""strictly speaking"" for ""sensu stricto"" and ""broadly speaking"" and so on is valid. Even in formal writing, there is no formal requirement to use the Latin terms rather than the vernacular. Valid reasons for using these Latin or partly Latin expressions are not points of pretentiousness; they include: A good example is the word ""laser"", an acronym for ""Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation"", and therefore all its letters should be capitalized. However, because of frequent use, this acronym became a neologism, i.e., it has integrated into English and most other languages. Consequently,"
"Ablative (Latin) In Latin grammar, the ablative case (in Latin, ""cāsus ablātīvus"") is one of the six cases of nouns. Traditionally, it is the sixth case (Latin: ""cāsus sextus, cāsus latīnus""). It has forms and functions derived from the Proto-Indo-European ablative, instrumental, and locative. It expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions ""from""; ""with"", ""by""; and ""in"", ""at"". It is sometimes called the adverbial case, since phrases in the ablative can be translated as adverbs: ""incrēdibilī celeritāte"", ""with incredible speed"", or ""very quickly"" Some uses of the ablative descend from the Proto-Indo-European ablative case. Some uses of the"
"locum"" (""this place""). The morphological confusion shows primarily in the adoption of the nominative ending ""-us"" (""-Ø"" after ""-r"") in the ""o""-declension. In Petronius' work, one can find ""balneus"" for (""bath""), ""fatus"" for ' (""fate""), ""caelus"" for ' (""heaven""), ""amphitheater"" for ' (""amphitheatre""), ""vinus"" for ' (""wine""), and conversely, ""thesaurum"" for """" (""treasure""). Most of these forms occur in the speech of one man: Trimalchion, an uneducated Greek (i.e., foreign) freedman. In modern Romance languages, the nominative ""s""-ending has been largely abandoned, and all substantives of the ""o""-declension have an ending derived from ""-um"": ""-u"", ""-o"", or ""-Ø"". E.g., masculine"
"Latin which originally meant 'region delimited by markers', had also come to mean 'of or relating to the countryside', 'country dweller', 'villager'; by extension, 'rustic', 'unlearned', 'yokel', 'bumpkin'; in Roman military jargon, 'non-combatant', 'civilian', 'unskilled soldier'. It is related to ('to fasten', 'to fix or affix') and ultimately comes from Proto-Indo-European ""*pag-"" ('to fix' in the same sense). Medieval writers often assumed that ""paganus"" as a religious term was a result of the conversion patterns during the Christianization of Europe, where people in towns and cities were converted more readily than those in remote regions, where old ways lingered. However,"
"Dog Latin Dog Latin, also known as Cod Latin, macaronic Latin, mock Latin, or Canis Latinicus, refers to the creation of a phrase or jargon in imitation of Latin, often by ""translating"" English words (or those of other languages) into Latin by conjugating or declining them as if they were Latin words. Unlike the similarly named language game Pig Latin (a form of playful spoken code), Dog Latin is more of a humorous device for invoking scholarly seriousness. Sometimes ""dog Latin"" can mean a poor-quality attempt at writing genuine Latin. Examples of this predate even Shakespeare, whose 1598 play, ""Love's"
"don't agree with the new pronunciation. I never did. Umph—a lot of nonsense, in my opinion. Making boys say 'Kickero' at school when— umph—for the rest of their lives they'll say 'Cicero'—if they ever—umph—say it at all. And instead of 'vicissim'— God bless my soul—you'd make them say, 'We kiss 'im'! Umph— umph!"" Traditional English pronunciation of Latin The traditional English pronunciation of Latin, and Classical Greek words borrowed through Latin, is the way the Latin language was traditionally pronounced by speakers of English until the early 20th century. In the Middle Ages speakers of English, from Middle English onward,"
"irrumator) ... engages in motions by moving his hips and body in a rhythm of his own choice"". A Latin synonym for ""irrumator"" is ""labda"" (Varr. ap. Non. 70,11; Aus. Epigr. 126). In the ancient Roman sexual vocabulary, ""irrumatio"" is strictly a form of oral rape (""os impurum""), in which a man forces his penis into someone else's mouth, almost always that of another man. The English noun ""irrumatio"" or ""irrumation"" and verb ""irrumate"" come from the Latin """", to force receptive male oral sex. J. L. Butrica, in his review of R. W. Hooper's edition of ""The Priapus Poems"","
"with English, Latin is an example of a highly inflected language. The consequences for agreement are thus: Verbs must agree in person and number, and sometimes in gender, with their subjects. Articles and adjectives must agree in case, number and gender with the nouns they modify. Sample Latin (Spanish) verb: the present indicative active of ""portare"" (""portar""), to carry: In Latin, a pronoun such as ""ego"" and ""tu"" is only inserted for contrast and selection. Proper nouns and common nouns functioning as subject are nonetheless frequent. For this reason, Latin is described as a null-subject language. Spoken French always distinguishes"
"Language event Language event (German: ""Sprachereignis"") is an act or instance of written or spoken communication. In the 1920s earliest use of the word was found in ""Journal of Philosophy"". In theology this word was used by Ernest Fuchs, relating to New Hermeneutic. Fuchs' doctrine of language helped to inspire a ""new quest"" for the historical Jesus because it could now be said that Jesus' words and deeds constituted that ""language event"" in which faith first entered into language, thereby becoming available as an existential possibility within language, the ""house of being"" (Heidegger). Conversely, the reality of God's love is"
"already existed, and this caused enrichment of the Old English vocabulary: ""culcer"" and ""læfel"" ""spoon"" from Latin ""coclearium"" and ""labellum"" beside Old English ""spōn"" and ""hlædel"" (Modern English ""ladle""); Old English ""forca"" from Latin ""furca"" ""fork"" next to Old English ""gafol""; Old English ""scamol"" ""chair, stool"" from Latin ""scamellum"" beside native ""stōl"", ""benc"" and ""setl"". All told, approximately 600 words were borrowed from Latin during the Old English period. Often, the Latin word was severely restricted in sense, and was not widespread in use among the general populace. Latin words tended to be literary or scholarly terms and were not"
"languages, and ""sermo vulgaris"" or ""sermo vulgi"" to refer to the vernacular, referred to the speech they valued most and in which they wrote as ""latinitas"", ""Latinity"", with the implication of good. Sometimes it was called ""sermo familiaris"", ""speech of the good families"", ""sermo urbanus"", ""speech of the city"" or rarely ""sermo nobilis"", ""noble speech"". But besides ""latinitas"", it was mainly called ""latine"" (adverb), ""in good Latin"", or ""latinius"" (comparative degree of the adverb), ""in better Latin"". ""Latinitas"" was spoken as well as written, and it was the language taught in schools. Prescriptive rules therefore applied to it, and where"
"Labia majora The labia majora (singular: ""labium majus"") are two prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum. Together with the labia minora they form the labia of the vulva. The labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum. ""Labia majora"" is the Latin plural for big (""major"") lips; the singular is ""labium majus."" The Latin term ""labium/labia"" is used in anatomy for a number of usually paired parallel structures, but in English it is mostly applied to two pairs of parts of female external genitals (vulva)—labia majora and labia minora. Labia"
"""Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum"". Latin obscenity Latin obscenity is the profane, indecent, or impolite vocabulary of Latin, and its uses. Words deemed obscene were described as ""obsc(a)ena"" (obscene, lewd, unfit for public use), or ""improba"" (improper, in poor taste, undignified). Documented obscenities occurred rarely in classical Latin literature, limited to certain types of writing such as epigrams, but they are commonly used in the graffiti written on the walls of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Among the documents of interest in this area is a letter written by Cicero in 45 BC (""ad Fam."" 9.22) to a friend called Paetus, in which he"
"""Wh"": Some nouns, such as the names of cities and small islands, and the word ""domus"" 'home', have a seventh case called the locative, for example ""Rōmae"" 'in Rome' or ""domī"" 'at home'. But most nouns do not have this case. One of the difficulties of Latin grammar is that the same endings, e.g. ""-ēs"" and ""-ibus"", are used for more than one case. Since the function of a word in Latin is shown by ending rather than word order, in theory ""rēgēs dūcunt"" could mean either 'the kings lead' or 'they lead the kings'. In practice, however, such ambiguities"
"primarily derived from Latin and Greek words, the Greek being filtered through the Latin. Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole. Latin law principles have survived partly in a long list of Latin legal terms. A few international auxiliary languages have been heavily influenced by Latin. Interlingua is sometimes considered a simplified, modern version of the language. Latino sine Flexione, popular in the early 20th century, is Latin with its inflections stripped away, among other grammatical changes. One study analyzing the degree of differentiation of Romance languages in comparison to Latin (comparing phonology, inflection, discourse,"
"Lucius. ""Princeps"" is the root and Latin rendering of modern words as the English title and generic term ""prince"" (see that article, also for various equivalents in other languages), as the Byzantine version of Roman law was the basis for the legal terminology developed in feudal (and later absolutist) Europe. ""Princeps"" is also the name of an obsolete genus of Swallowtail butterflies (now merged with the genus Papilio). Princeps Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning ""first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person"". As a title,"
"""pelagus"" and not the Greek original ""πέλαγος (pelagos)"" (the word ""pelagus"" is a Greek word used in Latin poetry, it is a 2nd declension noun with a Greek-like irregular nominative plural ""pelagē"" and not ""pelagi""). The name of the specific epithet (""ubique"") is a Latin adverb meaning ""everywhere""; it should be noted species with the status Candidatus are not validly published so do not have to be grammatically correct, such as having specific epithets having to be adjectives or nouns in apposition in the nominative case or genitive nouns according to rule 12c of the IBCN. The term ""Candidatus"" is"
"Limes Originally the Latin noun līmes (; Latin """") had a number of different meanings: a path or balk delimiting fields, a boundary line or marker, any road or path, any channel, such as a stream channel, or any distinction or difference. The term was also commonly used after the 3rd century AD to denote a military district under the command of a ""dux limitis"". ""Limes"" has sometimes been adopted in modern times for a border defence or delimiting system of Ancient Rome marking the boundaries and provinces of the Roman Empire, but it was not used by the Romans"
"In bocca al lupo In bocca al lupo (, ""into the mouth of the wolf"") is an Italian idiom originally used in opera and theatre to wish a performer good luck prior to a performance. The standard response is crepi il lupo! (, ""may the wolf die"") or, more commonly, simply crepi! (""may it die""). Equivalent to the English actor's idiom ""break a leg"", the expression reflects a theatrical superstition in which wishing a person ""good luck"" is considered bad luck. The expression is commonly used in Italy off stage, as superstitions and customs travel through other professions and then"
"The word ""ludus"" also referred to a training school for gladiators; see Gladiator: Schools and training. Examples include the Ludus Magnus and Ludus Dacicus. ""Ludus"" was also the word for a board game, examples of which include ""ludus latrunculorum"" and ""ludus duodecim scriptorum"", or a game played with knucklebones (""astragali""). Latin poetry often explores the concept of ""ludus"" as playfulness, both in the writing of poetry as a kind of play and as a field for erotic role-playing. ""Poetic play (""ludus"", ""ludere"", ""iocum"", etc.),"" Michèle Lowrie observes, ""denotes two related things: stylistic elegance of the Alexandrian variety and erotic poetry."""