"brought to Spain for its flowers, but ""Now we use it to a greater extent for the sake of its virtues than for its beauty"". John Hawkins was the first to bring tobacco seeds to England. William Harrison's ""English Chronology"" mentions tobacco smoking in the country as of 1573, before Sir Walter Raleigh brought the first ""Virginia"" tobacco to Europe from the Roanoke Colony, referring to it as ""tobah"" as early as 1578. In 1595 Anthony Chute published ""Tabaco"", which repeated earlier arguments about the benefits of the plant and emphasised the health-giving properties of pipe-smoking. The importation of tobacco"
"of her brother Sir Thomas Chapman, 7th Baronet. The house and the remaining of land were sold in 1949. Until recently the house was an ivy-clad roofless ruin. The obelisk, erected in 1810 by Sir Thomas Chapman some 200m to 300m from the house, marks the position where Sir Walter Raleigh planted some of the first potatoes that he imported to Ireland. Antoine Parmentier who promoted the cultivation of potatoes for human consumption and the Spanish conquistadores who first imported them from South America along the south and west Irish coast are also associated with Irish potato promotion. However, it"
"experimented with a plant he had brought from the West Indies, 'Nicotania tabacum. In the same year, the first tobacco shipment was sent to England. The British prized tobacco, for it was a way to display one's wealth to the public. Only those of high status could afford the new product. As tobacco's popularity grew, it became the savior of the colonies. Due to the rough climate, the colonies weren't able to produce other crops necessary for survival. With no crops, they lacked an income and a food supply, so the colonists took the opportunity to begin growing tobacco. The"
"Cavendish's crew and ships and discovered the Falkland Islands, before returning to England with most of his crew lost to starvation and illness. Cavendish is the central figure in the historical novel ""Captain for Elizabeth"" by Jan Westcott, which follows the events of his first circumnavigation. Cavendish tobacco, a popular pipe tobacco, is named after Sir Thomas Cavendish Thomas Cavendish Sir Thomas Cavendish (19 September 1560 – May 1592) was an English explorer and a privateer known as ""The Navigator"" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships"
"impossible for Raleigh to have discovered the potato in the places he visited. Due to Raleigh's role in the popularisation of smoking, John Lennon humorously referred to him as ""such a stupid get"" in the song ""I'm So Tired"" on the ""White Album"" ""The Beatles"" (1968). Various colourful stories are told about him, such as laying his cloak over a puddle for the Queen, but they are probably apocryphal. Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh (; (or 1554)29 October 1618), also spelled Ralegh, was an English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer. He was cousin to Sir"
"leaves"" – from ""si'c"", ""tobacco""). The Spanish word, ""cigarro"" spans the gap between the Mayan and modern use. The English word came into general use in 1730. Explorer Christopher Columbus is generally credited with the introduction of tobacco to Europe. Three of Columbus's crewmen during his 1492 journey, Rodrigo de Jerez, Hector Fuentes and Luis de Torres, are said to have encountered tobacco for the first time on the island of Hispaniola, in what is present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic, when natives presented them with dry leaves that spread a peculiar fragrance. Tobacco was widely diffused among all"
"Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh (; (or 1554)29 October 1618), also spelled Ralegh, was an English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer. He was cousin to Sir Richard Grenville and younger half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England. Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. Little is known of his early life, though he spent some time in Ireland, in Killua Castle, Clonmellon, County Westmeath, taking part in the suppression of rebellions and participating in the Siege of"
"Torbitt funding. Torbitt and Darwin exchanged over 90 pieces of correspondence. One of the postcards sent by Darwin to Torbitt in 1880 was auctioned for over £3,500 in 2016. He died in Belfast at age 72. James Torbitt James Torbitt ( – 29 June 1895) was an Irish spirit merchant based in Belfast notable for his correspondence with Charles Darwin. Starting in 1878, Torbitt exchanged several letters with Darwin regarding the artificial breeding of potato plants that were resistant to the potato blight that devastated Ireland in the Great Potato Famine. Darwin also discussed this with Hooker, and others. Darwin"
"would last all night, the remaining flowers, smoking tubes and food would be given as a kind of alms to old and poor people who had been invited to witness the social occasion, or it would be rewarded to the servants. A Frenchman named Jean Nicot (from whose name the word nicotine derives) introduced tobacco to France in 1560 from Spain. From there, it spread to England. The first report of a smoking Englishman is of a sailor in Bristol in 1556, seen ""emitting smoke from his nostrils."" Like tea, coffee and opium, tobacco was just one of many intoxicants"
"– When Sir Walter Raleigh reputedly brought the first potatoes from Virginia to Ireland in 1585, he planted them at his home at Myrtle Grove, Youghal. For the following two years he was mayor of the town. Queen Elizabeth I granted him of land in Youghal. He lived at Myrtle Grove, where he entertained the poet Edmund Spenser. In the gardens are four yew trees said to have been planted by Raleigh. Raleigh made his final trip from Cork to the West Indies in 1617. The Red House – This early 18th-century brick townhouse was built for the Uniacke family,"
"the Grand Canaries and Antwerp."" Europeans in South America were aware of the potato by the mid-16th century, but refused to eat the plant. In 1553, in the book ""Crónica del Peru"", Pedro Cieza de León mentions he saw it in Quito, Popayán and Pasto in 1538. Basque fishermen from Spain used potatoes as ships' stores for their voyages across the Atlantic in the 16th century, and introduced the tuber to western Ireland, where they landed to dry their cod. The English privateer Sir Francis Drake, returning from his circumnavigation, or Sir Walter Raleigh's employee Thomas Harriot are commonly credited"
"slavery. This trend abated following the American Revolution as slavery became regarded as unprofitable. However the practice was revived in 1794 with the invention of the cotton gin. A Frenchman named Jean Nicot (from whose name the word nicotine is derived) introduced tobacco to France in 1560. From France tobacco spread to England. The first report documents an English sailor in Bristol in 1556, seen ""emitting smoke from his nostrils"". Like tea, coffee and opium, tobacco was just one of many intoxicants that was originally used as a form of medicine. Tobacco was introduced around 1600 by French merchants in"
"the first in the country to introduce the fashion of smoking tobacco, his friend Raleigh being the first to bring it to England. Long's home of South Wraxall Manor is one of the houses in England where legend says tobacco was first smoked by the two Sir Walters, although the same legend has been told of other locations. Aubrey also alludes to Sir Walter Long's ostentatious lifestyle, saying he kept a trumpeter, and on at least one occasion, he rode to Marlborough with thirty servants and retainers. Long and his brother Henry were involved in a dispute with their neighbours,"
"west into the unknown continent, and likewise an expansion of tobacco production. Indentured servitude became the primary labor force up until Bacon's Rebellion, from which the focus turned to slavery. This trend abated following the American Revolution as slavery became regarded as unprofitable. However, the practice was revived in 1794 with the invention of the cotton gin. Frenchman Jean Nicot (from whose name the word nicotine is derived) introduced tobacco to France in 1560, and tobacco then spread to England. The first report of a smoking Englishman is of a sailor in Bristol in 1556, seen ""emitting smoke from his"
"James Torbitt James Torbitt ( – 29 June 1895) was an Irish spirit merchant based in Belfast notable for his correspondence with Charles Darwin. Starting in 1878, Torbitt exchanged several letters with Darwin regarding the artificial breeding of potato plants that were resistant to the potato blight that devastated Ireland in the Great Potato Famine. Darwin also discussed this with Hooker, and others. Darwin was impressed with Torbitt's plan to breed potatoes from the occasional potatoes that managed to survive an attack of blight. Darwin wrote over 40 letters to his correspondents about Torbitt's ideas and he tried to find"
"John Rolfe John Rolfe (1585–1622) was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia. Rolfe was born in Heacham, Norfolk, England, as the son of John Rolfe and Dorothea Mason, and was baptized on 6 May 1585. At the time, Spain held a virtual monopoly on the lucrative tobacco trade. Most Spanish colonies in the New World were located in southern climates more favorable to tobacco growth than the English settlements, notably Jamestown. As the consumption of tobacco had increased,"
"or in Europe. The latter is unlikely however, as potatoes were present only in Spain in 1536. There is a similar legend stating that Myrtle Grove was where tobacco was first smoked by Walter Raleigh. A servant was said to have observed Raleigh from behind and seen smoke rising from him. Thinking that Raleigh was on fire he threw a bucket of water on him to douse the fire. This legend is also however associated with several of Raleigh's other houses. ""Myrtle Grove"", a poem written in Spenserian stanzas by James Reiss, and published in ""Fugue"" magazine (the University of"
"with introducing potatoes into England. In 1588, botanist Carolus Clusius made a painting of what he called ""Papas Peruanorum"" from a specimen in the Low Countries; in 1601 he reported that potatoes were in common use in northern Italy for animal fodder and for human consumption. The potato first spread in Europe for non-food purposes. It was first eaten on the continent at a Seville hospital in 1573. After Philip II received potatoes from Peru, he sent harvested tubers to the pope, who sent them to the papal ambassador to the Netherlands because he was ill. Clusius indirectly received his"
"century that the Plantation of Ulster began. English control of Ireland fluctuated for centuries until Ireland was incorporated into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. The voyages of Christopher Columbus began in 1492, and he sighted land in the West Indies on 12 October that year. In 1496, excited by the successes in overseas exploration of the Portuguese and the Spanish, King Henry VII of England commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to find a route from the Atlantic to the Spice Islands of Asia, subsequently known as the search for the North West Passage."
"currency and began exporting it as a cash crop; tobacco is often credited as being the export that saved Virginia from ruin. The alleged benefits of tobacco also account for its considerable success. The astronomer Thomas Harriot, who accompanied Sir Richard Grenville on his 1585 expedition to Roanoke Island, explains that the plant ""openeth all the pores and passages of the body"" so that the natives’ ""bodies are notably preserved in health, and know not many grievous diseases, wherewithal we in England are often times afflicted."" Tobacco smoking, chewing, and snuffing became a major industry in Europe and its colonies"
"of the islands of the Caribbean and was therefore also encountered in Cuba where Columbus and his men had settled. His sailors reported that the Taínos on the island of Cuba smoked a primitive form of cigar, with twisted, dried tobacco leaves rolled in other leaves such as palm or plantain. In time, Spanish and other European sailors adopted the practice of smoking rolls of leaves, as did the Conquistadors, and smoking primitive cigars spread to Spain and Portugal and eventually France, most probably through Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, who gave his name to nicotine. Later, tobacco"
"author of ""Coryat's Crudities hastily gobbled up in Five Months Travels in France, Italy, &c'"" (1611) and court jester of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, is credited with introducing the table fork and umbrella to England and being the first Briton to do a Grand Tour of Europe. Other notable figures include Gertrude Bell, an explorer, archaeologist, mapper and spy, who, along with T. E. Lawrence, helped establish the Hashemite dynasties in what is today Jordan and Iraq and played a major role in establishing and administering the modern state of Iraq; Richard Francis Burton, who travelled in disguise to"
"Thomas Parker (inventor) Thomas Parker FRSE MICE (22 December 1843 – 5 December 1915) was an English electrical engineer, inventor and industrialist. He patented improvements in lead-acid batteries and dynamos, and was a pioneer of manufacturing equipment that powered electric tramways and electric lighting. He invented the smokeless fuel Coalite. He formed the first company to distribute electricity over a wide area. He was described by Lord Kelvin as ""the Edison of Europe"". Parker was born at Lincoln Hill in Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, son of Thomas Wheatley Parker and Ann ""née"" Fletcher. His father was a moulder at the Coalbrookdale Ironworks."
"visited his supposed tomb at Rajgari near Surat in 2010. Thomas Coryat Thomas Coryat (also Coryate) (c. 1577 – 1617) was an English traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean age. He is principally remembered for two volumes of writings he left regarding his travels, often on foot, through Europe and parts of Asia. He is often credited with introducing the table fork to England, with ""Furcifer"" (Latin: fork-bearer, rascal) becoming one of his nicknames. His description of how the Italians shielded themselves from the sun resulted in the word ""umbrella"" being introduced into English. Coryat was"
"from Europe to observe tobacco use in the Americas during their voyages in 1562. Sparke's chronicle of his second voyage recounts the inhabitants of Fort Caroline in what is now northeast Florida smoking tobacco leaves on approximately 20 July 1565: “The Floridians ... haue a kinde of herbe dryed [ Tobacco.] which with a cane, and an earthen cup in the end, with fire, and the dried herbs put together do smoke thoro the cane the smoke thereof ... .” He and his men brought back both the leaves and the practice of smoking to England in 1565, though the"
"twice it remains one of the best-known examples of a Tudor house in Ireland. The house was acquired by Hayman family in the 18th century. In the 20th century, it was the home of Sir Henry Arthur Blake and Lady Blake. At this time, the building housed ""the best collection of West Indian paintings and sketches"". The Blakes lived here until their deaths. They were buried in the garden. The house remains in private ownership but is open to the public on certain days of the year. The house is reputed to be where potatoes were first planted in Ireland"
"Tomos Prys Tomos Prys (c.1564–1634) was a Welsh soldier, sailor and poet. He was the eldest son of Ellis Price MP, of Plas Iolyn, Pentrefoelas, Denbighshire. He followed a seafaring life for many years, joining expeditions under both Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Francis Drake. In one of his poems he states that he, Captain William Myddelton and Captain Thomas Koet were the first who ‘drank’ (smoked) tobacco in the streets of London. He fought in the campaign in the Netherlands between 1585 and 1587 under Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, and was also with the earl at Tilbury"
"first organised tours dated back to Thomas Cook who, on 5 July 1841, chartered a train to take a group of temperance campaigners from Leicester to a rally in Loughborough, eleven miles away. By 1872 he was undertaking worldwide tours, albeit with small groups. His company, Thomas Cook & Son (commonly called Thomas Cook or simply ""Cook's""), grew to become one of the largest and most well known travel agents before being nationalised in 1948. With the gradual decline of visits to British seaside resorts after the Second World War, Thomas Cook & Son began promoting foreign holidays (particularly Italy,"
"use spread to Italy and, after Sir Walter Raleigh's voyages to the Americas, to Britain. Smoking became familiar throughout Europe—in pipes in Britain—by the mid-16th century. Spanish cultivation of tobacco began in earnest in 1531 on the island of Santo Domingo. In 1542, tobacco started to be grown commercially in North America, when the Spaniards established the first cigar factory on the island of Cuba. Tobacco was originally thought to have medicinal qualities, but there were some who considered it evil. It was denounced by Philip II of Spain and James I of England. Around 1592, the Spanish galleon ""San"
"and those of the Colony were both about to change. Rolfe, a businessman from London, had planned to become a planter upon arrival in Virginia, and had some new ideas about exporting tobacco for profit. He knew that the native tobacco from Virginia was not liked by the English settlers, nor did it appeal to the market in England. However, he brought with him some seeds for several new strains of tobacco to experiment with. Using the sweeter strains, Rolfe is credited with being the first to commercially cultivate"" Nicotiana tabacum"" tobacco plants in North America in 1611; the export"
"Thomas Coryat Thomas Coryat (also Coryate) (c. 1577 – 1617) was an English traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean age. He is principally remembered for two volumes of writings he left regarding his travels, often on foot, through Europe and parts of Asia. He is often credited with introducing the table fork to England, with ""Furcifer"" (Latin: fork-bearer, rascal) becoming one of his nicknames. His description of how the Italians shielded themselves from the sun resulted in the word ""umbrella"" being introduced into English. Coryat was born in Crewkerne, Somerset, and lived most of his life"
"tubers from the ambassador; he planted them in Vienna, Frankfurt, and Leyden, and is the person who widely introduced the plant to Europe. It was grown for flowers by Rudolph Jakob Camerarius (1588) and others; John Gerard added the first printed picture of the potato to ""Herball"" (1597), although he thought that the plant was native to Virginia. The Spanish had an empire across Europe, and brought potatoes for their armies. Peasants along the way adopted the crop, which was less often pillaged by marauding armies than above-ground stores of grain. Across most of Northern Europe, where open fields prevailed,"
"is uncertain who is initially responsible of the first potato plantation in Ireland, even though Raleigh is frequently credited with this milestone in Irish history. The inscription on the obelisk currently reads ""Sir Walter G. Raleigh,"" but there is no other evidence that Raleigh had a middle name, and the ""G"" appears to be vandalism added after the original inscription. The obelisk has been recently restored through a grant from the Irish Georgian Society. Killua Castle Killua Castle and its surrounding lands were granted around 1667 to Benjamin Chapman, a captain in Cromwell's army, having been confiscated from the Knights"