"alternative part is provided either for the C flute or for the piccolo. With the substitution of one of these more commonly found instruments, however, the distinctive colour of a treble flute sound is missing. Soprano flute The soprano flute (also called a third flute or tierce flute) is a type of flute, a musical instrument in the woodwind family. It is pitched in E, a minor third above the concert flute, and is the only member of the modern flute family that is not pitched in C or G. The pitch was set at a time such flutes substituted"
"Kortholt The kortholt is a musical instrument of the woodwind family, used in the Renaissance period. The name comes from Low Saxon and means short (""kort"") piece of wood (""holt""). This name is mentioned in the work ""Syntagma musicum"" by Michael Praetorius, who is the main source for information about this instrument. The name refers to the characteristic low pitch that belies the short length of the instrument, and could be applied more generically to any wind instrument which was deeper in pitch than expected from its length. The kortholt is a ""capped reed"" instrument. Its construction is similar to"
"long as the outside of the instrument, results in a sound much lower than normally would be possible from an instrument of that length. The sound is a similar to the crumhorn, but is softer. Although Praetorius only mentions one size (a bass), modern makers provide the standard soprano, alto, tenor and bass. They can be played together in a consort. Kortholt The kortholt is a musical instrument of the woodwind family, used in the Renaissance period. The name comes from Low Saxon and means short (""kort"") piece of wood (""holt""). This name is mentioned in the work ""Syntagma musicum"""
"""Bruno and the Crumhorn"", two children, Bruno and Sybil, find themselves learning to play the crumhorn almost by accident. Crumhorn The crumhorn is a musical instrument of the woodwind family, most commonly used during the Renaissance period. In modern times, there has been a revival of interest in early music, and crumhorns are being played again. The name derives from the German ""Krumhorn"" (or ""Krummhorn"" or ""Krumporn"") meaning ""bent horn"". This relates to the old English ""crump"" meaning curve, surviving in modern English in 'crumpled' and 'crumpet' (a curved cake). The similar-sounding French term cromorne, when used correctly, refers to"
"Soprano flute The soprano flute (also called a third flute or tierce flute) is a type of flute, a musical instrument in the woodwind family. It is pitched in E, a minor third above the concert flute, and is the only member of the modern flute family that is not pitched in C or G. The pitch was set at a time such flutes substituted for the E-flat clarinet, but the instrument is now rare. The instrument is rarely available now. A few American publications for flute choir currently include a part for E (soprano) flute. In these publications, an"
"was also called the ""flautino"" , ""flauto piccolo"", and ""flautino piccolo"", and is sometimes spelled ""zufolo"". Known as the Picco pipe and marketed as a toy until early in the 20th century, the instrument was popularized in London in 1856, either as a toy by a blind Italian musician named Picco , or by a blind Sardinian player at Covent Garden . The zuffolo is the smallest form of ducted-flue tabor pipe or flute-a-bec, at 3½"" long, with the windway taking up 1½"". It has only three holes: two in front and a dorsal thumb hole. It has the same"
"France, adds Mersennus, and they had the advantage over other kinds of reproducing more nearly the sound of the voice. The Irish writer Samuel Beckett wrote a series of fifty-nine small poems in French called mirlitonnades after the instrument. The eunuch flute's sound highly resembles a kazoo. The eunuch flute, unlike a kazoo, is held horizontally against the mouth while the user vocalizes into the aperture. Eunuch flute The eunuch flute, or onion flute, or mirliton (Fr. ""flûte eunuque, flûte à l'oignon"" and ""mirliton""; Ger. ""Zwiebelflöte"") is a musical instrument of the woodwind family used during the 16th and 17th"
"typically reaches an octave below the double bass. Violin family The violin family of musical instruments was developed in Italy in the 16th century. At the time the name of this family of instruments was violas da braccio which was used to distinguish them from the viol family (violas ""da gamba""). The standard modern violin family consists of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Instrument names in the violin family are all derived from the root ""viola"", which is a derivative of the Medieval Latin word ""vitula"" (meaning ""stringed instrument""). A ""violin"" is a ""little viola"", a ""violone"" is"
"double bass, viol or other low-register instruments. The name ""cello"" is derived from the ending of the Italian ""violoncello"", which means ""little violone"". The violone (""big viol"") was the lowest-pitched instrument of the viol family, the group of stringed instruments that went out of fashion around the end of the 17th century in most countries except France, where they survived another half-century before the louder violin family came into greater favour in that country as well. In modern symphony orchestras, it is the second largest stringed instrument (the double bass is the largest). Thus, the name ""violoncello"" contained both the"
"Flute The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel–Sachs, flutes are categorized as edge-blown aerophones. A musician who plays the flute can be referred to as a flute player, flautist, flutist or, less commonly, fluter or flutenist. Flutes are the earliest extant musical instruments, as paleolithic instruments with hand-bored holes have been found. A number of flutes dating to about 43,000 to 35,000"
"Violin family The violin family of musical instruments was developed in Italy in the 16th century. At the time the name of this family of instruments was violas da braccio which was used to distinguish them from the viol family (violas ""da gamba""). The standard modern violin family consists of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Instrument names in the violin family are all derived from the root ""viola"", which is a derivative of the Medieval Latin word ""vitula"" (meaning ""stringed instrument""). A ""violin"" is a ""little viola"", a ""violone"" is a ""big viola"" or a bass violin, and"
"Crumhorn The crumhorn is a musical instrument of the woodwind family, most commonly used during the Renaissance period. In modern times, there has been a revival of interest in early music, and crumhorns are being played again. The name derives from the German ""Krumhorn"" (or ""Krummhorn"" or ""Krumporn"") meaning ""bent horn"". This relates to the old English ""crump"" meaning curve, surviving in modern English in 'crumpled' and 'crumpet' (a curved cake). The similar-sounding French term cromorne, when used correctly, refers to a woodwind instrument of different design, though the term cromorne is often used in error synonymously with that of"
"Scherzo Furioso by William Blezard, Tasmanian Ants by Ian Keith Harris, Iberian Improvisations and Bailables by Leonard Salzedo, Variations on a Sicilian Shepherd Tune by Clive Strutt. Two concerti have been written featuring the piccolo oboe in addition to the other four members of the oboe family, these works being David Stock's ""Oborama"" and James Stephenson's ""Rituals and Dances,"" both written for Alex Klein. Piccolo oboe The piccolo oboe, also known as the piccoloboe and historically called an oboe musette (or just musette), is the smallest and highest pitched member of the oboe family. Pitched in E or F above"
"Eunuch flute The eunuch flute, or onion flute, or mirliton (Fr. ""flûte eunuque, flûte à l'oignon"" and ""mirliton""; Ger. ""Zwiebelflöte"") is a musical instrument of the woodwind family used during the 16th and 17th centuries, producing music akin to the comb-music of the nursery, and still manufactured as a toy (""mirliton""). The eunuch flute consists of a wooden tube widening out slightly to form a bell. The upper end of the tube is closed by means of a very fine membrane similar to an onion skin stretched across the aperture like the vellum of a drum. The mouthpiece, a simple"
"Woodwind instrument Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the more general category of wind instruments. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed instruments (otherwise called reed pipes). What differentiates these instruments from other wind instruments is the way in which they produce their sound. All woodwinds produce sound by splitting an exhaled air stream on a sharp edge, such as a reed or a fipple. A woodwind may be made of any material, not just wood. Common examples include brass, silver, cane, as well as other metals such as gold and platinum. Occasionally"
"often available with a variety of options similar to the flute, such as the split-E mechanism. Most piccolos have a conical body with a cylindrical head, which is like the Baroque flute and later flutes before the popularization of the Boehm bore used in modern flutes. Unlike other woodwind instruments, in most wooden piccolos, the tenon joint that connects the head to the body has two interference fit points that surround both the cork and metal side of the piccolo body joint. There are a number of pieces for piccolo alone, by such composers as Samuel Adler, Miguel del Aguila,"
"Violone The term violone (; literally ""large viol"" in Italian, ""-one"" being the augmentative suffix) can refer to several distinct large, bowed musical instruments which belong to either the viol or violin family. The violone is sometimes a fretted instrument, and may have six, five, four, or even only three strings. The violone is also not always a contrabass instrument. In modern parlance, one usually tries to clarify the 'type' of violone by adding a qualifier based on the tuning (such as ""G violone"" or ""D violone"") or on geography (such as ""Viennese violone""), or by using other terms that"
"finger), a=""anular"" (ring finger) and, very rarely, c=""chico"" (little finger). It is usually only notated in scores where a passage is particularly difficult, or requires specific fingering for the plucking hand. Otherwise, plucking-hand fingering is generally left to the discretion of the guitarist. Fingering of woodwind instruments is not always simple or intuitive, depending on how the acoustic impedance of the bore is affected by the distribution and size of apertures along its length, leading to the formation of standing waves at the desired pitch. Several alternate fingerings may exist for any given pitch. Simple flutes (including recorders) as well"
"three sizes of instruments, roughly corresponding to what we now call violins, violas, and cellos. Contrary to a popular misconception, the cello did not evolve from the viola da gamba, but existed alongside it for about two and a half centuries. The violin family is also known as the viola da braccio (meaning viola of the arm) family, a reference to the primary way the members of the family are held. This is to distinguish it from the viola da gamba (meaning viola of the leg) family, in which all the members are all held with the legs. The likely"
"Violin The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused. The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden"
"Tin whistle The tin whistle, also called the penny whistle, English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, Irish whistle, Belfast Hornpipe, (or simply ) and Clarke London Flageolet is a simple, six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a type of fipple flute, putting it in the same class as the recorder, Native American flute, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a tin whistler or simply a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Celtic music. The tin whistle in its modern form is from a wider family of fipple flutes which have"
"the E and D clarinets as well (piccolo merely meaning ""small"" in Italian). This designation is less common today, with the E and D instruments more usually designated soprano clarinets. The term ""piccolo clarinet"" is used by some recent music software (e.g., Finale) for the A clarinet. The A clarinet is pitched a minor seventh higher than the B clarinet. Its lowest note, E, sounds as concert middle C, the same as many concert flutes. Clarinets pitched in A appeared frequently in European wind bands, particularly in Spain and Italy, at least through the middle of the 20th century, and"
"Soprano saxophone The soprano saxophone is a higher-register variety of the saxophone, a woodwind instrument, invented in the 1840s. The soprano is the third smallest member of the saxophone family, which consists (from smallest to largest) of the soprillo, sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass, contrabass saxophone and tubax. Soprano saxophones are the smallest saxophone in common use. A transposing instrument pitched in the key of B, modern soprano saxophones with a high F key have a range from B to F and are therefore pitched one octave above the tenor saxophone. Some saxophones have additional keys, allowing them to"
"Sordun Sordun is a family of archaic wind instruments blown by means of a double reed (sordone or sordun, etc.) Sordun originates from the Italian word Sordino. The primary Italian word in use in these specialised terms is a feminine noun: ""sordina"", with plural ""sordine""; but in international musical terminology a masculine form is much more common: ""sordino"", with plural ""sordini"". The Italian word is derived as a feminine diminutive of the adjective ""sordo"" (""deaf"", ""dull in sound""), from Latin ""surdus"". The alternative forms given above would have as plurals ""sordini"", ""sordoni"", ""sorduni"". The French version of the word is"
""""". Subcontrabass flute The subcontrabass flute is one of the largest instruments in the flute family, measuring over long. The instrument can be made in the key of G, pitched a fourth below the contrabass flute in C and two octaves below the alto flute in G; which is sometimes also called double contra-alto flute, or in C, which will sound three octaves lower than the C flute. The subcontrabass flute is rarely used outside of flute ensembles. It is sometimes called the ""gentle giant"" of the flute family because of its gentle sound. At present, the subcontrabass flute is"
"with the lower teeth. Altissimo Altissimo (Italian for ""very high"") is the uppermost register on woodwind instruments. For clarinets, which overblow on odd harmonics, the altissimo notes are those based on the fifth, seventh, and higher harmonics. For other woodwinds, the altissimo notes are those based on the third, fourth, and higher harmonics. The altissimo register is also known as the ""high register"". On the Boehm system flute, the first altissimo note, D<nowiki>6</nowiki>, is played using the third harmonic of G<nowiki>4</nowiki>. Fourth harmonics are used for D#<nowiki>6</nowiki> through G#<nowiki>6</nowiki>, and notes from A<nowiki>6</nowiki> through C<nowiki>7</nowiki> are played with fifth or"
"sizes, from highest to lowest: EEE and BBB octocontra-alto and octocontrabass clarinets have also been built. There have also been soprano clarinets in C, A, and B with curved barrels and bells marketed under the names saxonette, claribel, and clariphon. Clarinet The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments. It has a single-reed mouthpiece, a straight cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore, and a flared bell. A person who plays a clarinet is called a ""clarinetist"" (sometimes spelled ""clarinettist""). While the similarity in sound between the earliest clarinets and the trumpet may"
"violin. This process is similar to that used to determine the provenance of art works. As significant value may be attached to violins made either by specific makers or at specific times and locations, forgery and other methods of fraudulent misrepresentation can be used to inflate the value of an instrument. Violin The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the"
"north. Many municipalities are home to brass bands, which perform with roots revival groups; these ensembles are based around the clarinet, accordion, violin and small drums, adorned with bells. Italy's wind instruments include most prominently a variety of folk flutes. These include duct, globular and transverse flutes, as well as various variations of the pan flute. Double flutes are most common in Campania, Calabria and Sicily. A ceramic pitcher called the ""quartara"" is also used as a wind instrument, by blowing across an opening in the narrow bottle neck; it is found in eastern Sicily and Campania. Single- (""ciaramella"") and"
"E clarinets. The extended techniques of the B clarinet, including multiphonics, flutter tonguing, and extreme registers, have all been imported to the E. E-flat clarinet The E-flat (E) clarinet is a member of the clarinet family. It is typically considered the sopranino or piccolo member of the clarinet family. Smaller in size and higher in pitch (by a perfect fourth) than the more common B clarinet, it is a transposing instrument in E, sounding a minor third higher than written. In Italian it is sometimes referred to as a ""terzino"" and is generally listed in B-based scores (including many European"
"in some of his operettas. Aside from the Great (quart) bass dulcians, the only modern reproductions of historical semi-contras are being made by Guntram Wolf of Germany. Semi-contrabassoon The semi-contrabassoon (also called quint bassoon, semi-contra or half-contra) is a double reed woodwind instrument pitched between the bassoon and the contrabassoon. It is pitched in either F (quint bass) or G (quart bass) a fifth or fourth, respectively, below the bassoon. These instruments were used mostly in the 18th century and are remnants of the old quart bass dulcians. They were considered easier to make than the larger contrabassoon. A semi-contrabassoon"
"""die kleinen gar zu starck und laut schreien""—""the small ones scream so"" (; ). The sopranino in G is most probably the instrument Claudio Monteverdi calls for in ""L'Orfeo"" (1607), by the name ""flautino alla vigesima seconda"" (little flute at the third octave) . In 18th-century England, the sizes of recorder smaller than the treble in F (which was called simply ""flute"") were named according to their interval above it, and often were notated as transposing instruments. The descant (or soprano) on C was called a ""fifth flute"", the instrument a whole tone higher still was the ""sixth flute"" (on"
"Mandolin A mandolin ( ; literally ""small mandola"") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or ""pick"". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the ""Neapolitan"" or ""round-backed"" mandolin, the ""carved-top"" mandolin and the"