"place with a lower population resolved to adopt the act, it was at the county sheriff’s discretion to allow or refuse such an application. Police commissioners were now to be retitled councillors, headed by a magistrate under whatever title was customary in the burgh. The Town Councils (Scotland) Act, 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. c.49) retitled the governing body of a burgh as “the provost, magistrates, and councillors” of the burgh. In certain burghs the title Lord Provost was to be continued. The Burgh Police (Scotland) Act, 1903 (3 Edw. VII. c.33) amended the 1892 Act and included a number"
"Lord Provost A Lord Provost (Scottish Gaelic: ""Àrd-Phrobhaist"") is convenor of the local authority, the civic head and the lord-lieutenant of one of the principal cities of Scotland. The role is similar to that of a mayor. Only the cities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow have a Lord Provost; other Scottish local authorities have provosts or convenors. Perth (as a city) previously termed its civil leader a ""Lord Provost"", but from the Second World War onwards has preferred the simple term Provost of Perth. A Lord Provost has a higher status than a Lord Mayor in other parts of"
"to the electorate of their civil parish area. The chairman of a town council is technically called a ""town mayor"". The term ""town mayor"" is used as opposed to simply ""mayor"", which means the mayor of a borough or a city. However, this is often abbreviated simply to mayor, especially where the town was historically a borough or city, such as Lewes or Ely. In Scotland, the term 'provost' is commonly used to designate the leader of the town of council. Historically the term 'town council' was used for the governing body of a municipal borough until the 1972 Act."
"was called a provost. Many different titles were in use until the Town Councils (Scotland) Act 1900 standardised the term as ""provost"", except in cities with a lord provost. Since 1975 local authorities have been free to choose the title of their convener and provosts are appointed to chair a number of area and community councils. Under the provost were magistrates or baillies who both acted as councillors, and in the enforcement of laws. As well as general tasks, they often had specific tasks such as inspecting wine, or ale, or other products sold at market. The title of bailie"
"be ""local demand in our major towns and cities"". A mayor in Scotland is traditionally known as a provost. There are no directly elected mayors in Northern Ireland. Offices of mayors in Northern Ireland are only a ceremonial position. The head of government in the Pitcairn Islands has been a directly elected mayor since 1999. The powers of the mayor are commensurate with the kind of local authority for which they are the executive. London borough councils, metropolitan district councils and unitary authority councils have broadly similar functions, but for non-metropolitan district councils it is a subset, for example not"
"by the word ""Council"": ""Argyll and Bute Council"", ""Aberdeen City Council"" and so on. Each area was divided into wards with each ward returning a single councillor. The councillors were required to elect a convener, and could choose to elect a depute convener. In the four city areas (Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow) the convener's title was to be Lord Provost. In the other council areas the convener was to be """"known by such title as the council may determine"""", other than Lord Provost. In 1998 sixteen councils were using the title ""provost"", the remaining twelve having conveners. Area councils"
"with the title ""rådmann"" (""alderman"" or ""magistrate""), which is still in use when referring to the top managers of the municipalities of Norway. The top ""elected"" official of the municipalities of Norway, on the other hand, has the title ""ordfører"", which actually means ""word-bearer"", i.e. ""chairman"" or ""president"", an equivalent to the Swedish word ""ordförande"". In Sweden ""borgmästare"" was a title of the senior judge of the courts of the cities, courts which were called ""rådhusrätt"", literally ""town hall court"", somewhat of an equivalent to an English magistrates' court. These courts were abolished in 1971. Until 1965 these mayor judges"
"Bailie A bailie or baillie is a civic officer in the local government of Scotland. The position arose in the burghs, where bailies formerly held a post similar to that of an alderman or magistrate (see bailiff). Modern bailies exist in Scottish local councils, with the position being a courtesy title and appointees often requested to provide support to the Lord Provost or Provost - the ceremonial and civic head of the council - in their various engagements. The name derives from Old French and used to be synonymous with Provost, with several officials holding this role often at the"
"which are pre-selected by the provincial governor (the King's Commissioner). After advice by the committee, the council express its preferences to the Minister of the Interior, who almost always follows this recommendation. Burgomaster Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally ""master of the town"", ""master of the borough"", ""master of the fortress"", or ""master of the citizens"") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch ""burgemeester"". In some cases, Burgomaster was the title of the head of"
"is sometimes known as the ""mayoress"". Mayors are not appointed to District Councils which do not have borough status. Their place is taken by the Chairman of Council, who undertakes exactly the same functions and is, like a mayor, the civic head of the district concerned. In Scotland the post holders are known as Convenors, Provosts, or Lord Provosts depending on the local authority. The original Frankish mayors or majordomos were like the Welsh ""meiri"" lords commanding the king's lands around the Merovingian courts in Austrasia, Burgundy, and Neustria. The mayorship of Paris eventually became hereditary in the Pippinids, who"
"a Lord Provost who is also, ""ex officio"", Lord Lieutenant for that city. There are in total 32 councils, the largest being the City of Glasgow with more than 600,000 inhabitants, the smallest, Orkney, with fewer than 20,000 people. See Subdivisions of Scotland for a list of the council areas. Community councils represent the interests of local people. Local authorities have a statutory duty to consult community councils on planning, development and other issues directly affecting that local community. However, the community council has no direct say in the delivery of services. In many areas they do not function at"
"General of Scotland. As such, he is both head of the judiciary of Scotland, president of the Court of Session (the most senior civil court in Scotland), and president of the High Court of Justiciary (the most senior criminal court in Scotland). Each member of the city council of New York City is a non-voting ""ex officio"" member of each Community Board whose boundaries include some of the council member's constituents. The United States Vice President, who also serves as President of the Senate, may vote in the Senate on matters decided by a majority vote (as opposed to a"
"ceased to have any statutory meaning in 1975, although modern area councils do sometimes make appointments to the office on a purely ceremonial basis. For example, Glasgow City Council grants the title in an honorary capacity to senior councillors, while Stirling Council appoints four bailies to act in lieu of the provost in specific geographical areas. A resident granted the rights of a ""freeman"" of the burgh, was styled a burgess (""pl. burgesses""), a title also used in English boroughs. These freemen and their wives were a class which did not include dependants (e.g. apprentices) and servants, though they were"
"system of burghs and counties was replaced by a two-tier system of regional councils and district councils. The two-tier system was later replaced by a system of unitary authorities. Under the new arrangements the bailies were abolished and replaced by justices of the peace serving in the District Courts of Scotland, these posts no longer holding any authority within the local authority as an administrative body. However the term bailie is still used as an honorary title by Glasgow City Council for a number of senior councilors who can deputise for the Lord Provost. The Scottish equivalent of a sheriff's"
"modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. The Old English term designated a royal official (a reeve) responsible for keeping the peace throughout a shire or county on behalf of the king. The term was preserved in England notwithstanding the Norman Conquest. Today, sheriff or high sheriff is a ceremonial county or city official. In Scotland the sheriff is a judicial office holder in the sheriff courts, and they are members of the judiciary of Scotland. The most senior sheriffs are the sheriffs principal, who have administrative"
"is used in Argentina and Paraguay for the office that is analogous to a mayor. In larger cities in Mexico, the chief executive is known as the ""presidente municipal"" or ""municipal president"". The Swedish title ""borgmästare"" (burgomaster) was abolished in the court reform of 1971 when also the towns of Sweden were officially abolished. Since the middle of the 20th century, the municipal commissioner – the highest-ranking politician in each municipality – is informally titled ""mayor"" in English. The function and title for mayor vary from one canton to another. Generally, the mayor presides an executive council of several members"
"the Acts of Union 1707, an elected member of the Estates (parliament) of Scotland held the office of Commissioner, representing a constituency (the equivalent of a member of parliament in the contemporaneous Parliament of England). There were Burgh Commissioners and Shire or Stewartry Commissioners. In many U.S. states, the legislative and executive decision-making bodies of counties are called the board of commissioners or county commission. In Minnesota, Alaska, New York and Tennessee, the heads of statewide cabinet-level departments are called ""commissioners"". In California, Court Commissioners are subordinate judicial officers granted many of the same authorities as Judges, though not all."
"appointment of the Church. The jurisdiction of a bailie is called a ""bailiary"" (alt. ""bailiery""). The office of bailie was abolished in law in Scotland in 1975, and today the position of bailie is a courtesy title. Scottish barons often appointed a Bailie as their judicial officer. Bailie A bailie or baillie is a civic officer in the local government of Scotland. The position arose in the burghs, where bailies formerly held a post similar to that of an alderman or magistrate (see bailiff). Modern bailies exist in Scottish local councils, with the position being a courtesy title and appointees"
"closest. The ""college van burgemeester en wethouders"" should not be confused with the town council itself (""gemeenteraad""). A Dutch mayor (""burgemeester"") is sometimes called a ""burgomaster"" in English, but ""mayor"" is a more standard and conventional English translation. A ""wethouder"" is a formal title in Dutch, but there is no real English equivalent. In English it is possible to address someone as ""councillor"" or ""alderman"", but this would refer more to someone sitting on the municipal council rather than the executive board. In the UK ""alderman"" is an honorary title. Sometimes ""wethouder"" is translated into English as ""alderman"", and indeed"
"executives of boroughs (""arrondissements"") in Quebec are termed mayors (""maires/mairesses"" in French). A borough mayor simultaneously serves as head of the borough council and as a regular councillor on the main city council. As is the practice in most Commonwealth countries, in Canada a mayor is addressed as His/Her Worship while holding office. In some small townships in Ontario, the title reeve was historically used instead of mayor. In some other municipalities, ""mayor"" and ""reeve"" were two separate offices, with the mayor retaining leadership powers while the reeve was equivalent to what other municipalities called an ""at-large councillor"". While most"
"referred to as ""Lords of Council and Session"" when sitting in civil cases, and ""Lords Commissioners of Justiciary"" when sitting in criminal cases. The sheriff courts are presided over by the Sheriffs Principal, Sheriffs, and Summary Sheriffs. They will preside over both civil and criminal cases. The most junior judges are the justices of the peace who preside over minor criminal matters in the Justice of the Peace Courts. The Scottish legal profession has two main branches, advocates and solicitors. Advocates, the equivalent of the English barristers, belong to the Faculty of Advocates which distinguishes between junior counsel and senior"
"Provost (civil) A provost (introduced into Scots from French) is the ceremonial head of many Scottish local authorities, and under the name prévôt () was a governmental position of varying importance in Ancien Régime France. As a secular title, ""praepositus"" is also very old, dating to the ""praepositus sacri cubiculi"" of the late Roman Empire, and the ""praepositus palatii"" of the Carolingian court. The title developed in France from where it found its way into Scots, where in Scotland it became the style (as ""provost"") of the principal magistrates of the Royal Burghs (roughly speaking, the equivalent of ""mayor"" in"
"a general principle, where constituencies contain more than a small rural element they should normally be designated as county constituencies. Otherwise they should be designated as borough constituencies."" In Scotland, all House of Commons constituencies are county constituencies except those in the cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee and three urban areas of Lanarkshire. The acting returning officer will typically be a local council's chief executive or Head of Legal Services. The role, however, is separate from these posts, and can be held by any person appointed by the council. The spending limits for election campaigns are different in the"
"Mormaer In early medieval Scotland, a mormaer was the Gaelic name for a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a ""Taoiseach"" (chieftain). Mormaers were equivalent to English earls or Continental counts, and the term is often translated into English as 'earl'. The etymology is variously debated as ""Great Steward"" (incorporating Gaelic and Picto-Latin), or ""Sea Lord"" (perhaps defenders against Vikings). Historians do not know whether the institution was Gaelic or Pictish. However, since ""mormaer"" occurs only in the post-Pictish period, it is difficult to argue for Pictish origins. There is"
"Lord Provost of Edinburgh The Right Honourable Lord Provost of Edinburgh is the convener of the City of Edinburgh local authority. They are elected by the city council and serves not only as the chair of that body, but as a figurehead for the entire city. They are ex officio the Lord-Lieutenant of Edinburgh. They are equivalent in many ways to the institution of Mayor that exists in many other countries. While some of Scotland's local authorities elect a Provost, only the four main cities (Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee) have a Lord Provost. In Edinburgh this position dates from"
"translated as ""Lord High Justiciar of Sweden"". Justiciar In Medieval England and Scotland the Chief Justiciar (later known simply as the Justiciar) was roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister as the monarch's chief minister. Similar positions existed in Continental Europe, particularly in Norman Italy and in the Carolingian empire. The term is the English form of the medieval Latin ""justiciarius"" or ""justitiarius"" (""man of justice"", i.e. ""judge""). A similar office was formed in Scotland, though there were usually two or three: the Justiciar of Scotia, the Justiciar of Lothian and, in the 13th century, the Justiciar of Galloway. These"
"Burgomaster Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally ""master of the town"", ""master of the borough"", ""master of the fortress"", or ""master of the citizens"") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch ""burgemeester"". In some cases, Burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles"
"organised into 32 unitary authorities. Each local authority is governed by a ""council"" consisting of elected councillors, who are elected every four years by registered voters in each of the council areas. Scottish councils co-operate through, and are represented collectively by, the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (COSLA). There are currently 1,222 councillors in total, each paid a part-time salary for the undertaking of their duties. Each authority elects a Convener or Provost to chair meetings of the authority's council and act as a figurehead for the area. The four main cities of Scotland, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee have"
"the Lord Justice Clerk, and the other judges are called of the College of Justice are called Senators. When sitting in the Court of Session Senators are known as Lords of Council and Session and when sitting in the High Court of Justiciary they are known as Lords Commissioners of Justiciary. There are also some temporary judges who carry out the same work on a part-time basis. Scotland’s sheriffs deal with most civil and criminal cases. There are 6 sheriffdoms, each administered by a sheriff principal. Sheriffs principal and sheriffs are legally qualified, and previously serve as either advocates or"
"board is chaired by the Lord President of the Court of Session, and is independent of the Scottish Ministers. The Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service publishes an online map, lists of Sheriffs, and the rules of the court under different procedures. There are six sheriffdoms in Scotland, each with a sheriff principal. Within each sheriffdom are sheriff court districts, each with a court presided over by one or more sheriffs. The most senior civil servant in each Court is the sheriff clerk and he or she is charged directly with the management of the Court. The Sheriffdoms are Glasgow and"
"for a possibly foreign family (see Earl of Sutherland) Mormaer In early medieval Scotland, a mormaer was the Gaelic name for a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a ""Taoiseach"" (chieftain). Mormaers were equivalent to English earls or Continental counts, and the term is often translated into English as 'earl'. The etymology is variously debated as ""Great Steward"" (incorporating Gaelic and Picto-Latin), or ""Sea Lord"" (perhaps defenders against Vikings). Historians do not know whether the institution was Gaelic or Pictish. However, since ""mormaer"" occurs only in the post-Pictish period, it"
"Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch's representatives. The areas are similar to the Historic Counties and the Registration Counties, but are not identical to either. Most notably, the four cities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow form separate areas from the surrounding countryside, with the Lord Provost of each city acting ""ex officio"" as the lord-lieutenant. The Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 resulted in the merger of local police and fire services on 1 April 2013 to form the Police Service of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: ) and the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service"
"and intestate estates; see Chancery (Scotland)). A sheriff principal might serve as member of the Scottish Civil Justice Council, the Advisory Council on Messengers-at-Arms and Sheriff Officers, the Criminal Justice Forum, the Security Service Tribunal, the Intelligence Services Tribunal, and various other bodies. By virtue of an Order of Precedence established by King Edward VII a sheriff principal, in his or her own sheriffdom, ranks in precedence immediately after the Royal family. For that reason sheriffs principal are from time to time expected, and are occasionally commanded, to be present at Royal and other ceremonial functions within their sheriffdoms. Sheriff"