"Flax is grown on the Canadian prairies for linseed oil, which is used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in products such as linoleum and printing inks. Linseed meal, the byproduct of producing linseed oil from flax seeds, is used to feed livestock. It is a protein-rich feed for ruminants, rabbits, and fish. Flaxseeds occur in two basic varieties/colors: brown and yellow (golden linseeds). Most types of these basic varieties have similar nutritional characteristics and equal numbers of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. The exception is a type of yellow flax called solin (trade name ""Linola""), which has"
"invented by John Kendrew and Thomas Porthouse of Darlington, England, in 1787. New methods of processing flax have led to renewed interest in the use of flax as an industrial fiber. In a 100-gram serving, flaxseed contains high levels (> 19% of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, several B vitamins, and dietary minerals. Ten grams of flaxseed contains one gram of water-soluble fiber (which lowers blood cholesterol) and three grams of insoluble fiber (which helps prevent constipation). Flax contains hundreds of times more lignans than other plant foods. Flaxseeds are especially rich in thiamine, magnesium, potassium, and"
"or pesticides. Within eight weeks of sowing, the plant can reach in height and grows several centimeters per day under its optimal growth conditions, reaching within 50 days. In 2014, world production of flax (linseed) was 2.65 million tonnes, led by Canada with 33% of the global total. Other major producers were Kazakhstan, China, and Russia (table). Flax is harvested for fiber production after about 100 days, or a month after the plants flower and two weeks after the seed capsules form. The bases of the plants begin to turn yellow. If the plants are still green, the seed will"
"that lives with flax"". Weeding of the adult plant is impractical; instead they are separated based on properties of the seed. This is done by a winnowing machine, which in this case acts as an inanimate signal receiver. Seeds that are thrown the same distance as flax seeds have thus been selected for, making it near impossible to separate the seeds of these two species. Another example is rye (""Secale cereale""), a grass which is derived from wild rye (""Secale montanum""), a widely distributed Mediterranean species. Rye was originally just a weed growing with wheat and barley, but came under"
"in the field for field retting. The mature plant can also be cut with mowing equipment, similar to hay harvesting, and raked into windrows. When dried sufficiently, a combine then harvests the seeds similar to wheat or oat harvesting . The plant is pulled up with the roots (not cut), so as to increase the fiber length. After this, the flax is allowed to dry, the seeds are removed, and it is then retted. Dependent upon climatic conditions, characteristics of the sown flax and fields, the flax remains on the ground between two weeks and two months for retting. As"
"electricity) and as an edible oil (Camelina oil, also referred to as wild flax or false flax oil). It was possibly brought to North America unintentionally as a weed with flaxseed, and has had limited commercial importance until modern times. Currently, the breeding potential is unexplored compared to other oilseeds commercially grown around the world. It has many uses; including the stem fibres used for brushes, the seed oil for cosmetics or burnt in lamps. Herbalists also used the oil in herbal medicine. The edible seeds, can be sprinkled on salads or mixed with water to produce an egg substitute."
"not be useful, and the fiber will be underdeveloped. The fiber degrades once the plants turn brown. Flax grown for seed is allowed to mature until the seed capsules are yellow and just starting to split; it is then harvested in various ways. A combine harvester may either cut only the heads of the plants, or the whole plant. These are then dried to extract the seed. The amount of weeds in the straw affects its marketability, and this, coupled with market prices, determines whether the farmer chooses to harvest the flax straw. If the flax straw is not harvested,"
"very low ALA content (< 3%). The USFDA granted generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status for high alpha linolenic flaxseed oil. Nutrition information from the Flax Council of Canada. Per 1 tbsp (14 g) Flax seed oil contains no significant amounts of protein, carbohydrates or fibre. Stand oil is generated by heating linseed oil near 300 °C for a few days in the complete absence of air. Under these conditions, the polyunsaturated fatty esters convert to conjugated dienes, which then undergo Diels-Alder reactions, leading to crosslinking. The product, which is highly viscous, gives highly uniform coatings that ""dry"" to more"
"a completely different oil profile and is very low in omega-3s. Flaxseeds produce a vegetable oil known as flaxseed oil or linseed oil, which is one of the oldest commercial oils. It is an edible oil obtained by expeller pressing and sometimes followed by solvent extraction. Solvent-processed flaxseed oil has been used for many centuries as a drying oil in painting and varnishing. Although brown flaxseed varieties may be consumed as readily as the yellow ones, and have been for thousands of years, its better-known uses are in paints, for fiber, and for cattle feed. A 100-gram portion of ground"
"United Kingdom and on various logos associated with it. Common flax is the national flower of Belarus. In early versions of the Sleeping Beauty tale, such as ""Sun, Moon, and Talia"" by Giambattista Basile, the princess pricks her finger, not on a spindle, but on a sliver of flax, which later is sucked out by her children conceived as she sleeps. Flax Flax (""Linum usitatissimum""), also known as common flax or linseed, is a member of the genus ""Linum"" in the family Linaceae. It is a food and fiber crop cultivated in cooler regions of the world. The textiles made"
"for nine months at room temperature, and under warehouse conditions, for 20 months at ambient temperatures. Three natural phenolic glucosides—secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, p-coumaric acid glucoside, and ferulic acid glucoside—can be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed. Flax fiber is extracted from the bast beneath the surface of the stem of the flax plant. Flax fiber is soft, lustrous, and flexible; bundles of fiber have the appearance of blonde hair, hence the description ""flaxen"" hair. It is stronger than cotton fiber, but less elastic. The best grades are used for linen fabrics such as damasks, lace, and sheeting. Coarser grades are used"
"Glyoxysome Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plants (particularly in the fat storage tissues of germinating seeds) and also in filamentous fungi. Seeds that contain fats and oils include corn, soybean, sunflower, peanut and pumpkin. As in all peroxisomes, in glyoxysomes the fatty acids are oxidized to acetyl-CoA by peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes. When the fatty acids are oxidized hydrogen peroxide (HO) is produced as oxygen (O) is consumed. Thus the seeds need oxygen to germinate. Besides peroxisomal functions, glyoxysomes possess additionally the key enzymes of glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) which accomplish the glyoxylate cycle bypass. Thus, glyoxysomes"
"(as all peroxisomes) contain enzymes that initiate the breakdown of fatty acids and additionally possess the enzymes to produce intermediate products for the synthesis of sugars by gluconeogenesis. The seedling uses these sugars synthesized from fats until it is mature enough to produce them by photosynthesis. Plant peroxisomes also participate in photorespiration and nitrogen metabolism in root nodules. Glyoxysome Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plants (particularly in the fat storage tissues of germinating seeds) and also in filamentous fungi. Seeds that contain fats and oils include corn, soybean, sunflower, peanut and pumpkin. As in all peroxisomes, in glyoxysomes the"
"flaxseed supplies about , 41 g of fat, 28 g of fiber, and 20 g of protein. Flaxseed sprouts are edible and have a slightly spicy flavor profile. Excessive consumption of flaxseeds with inadequate amounts of water may cause bowel obstruction. In northern India, flaxseed, called ""tisi"" or ""alsi"", is traditionally roasted, powdered, and eaten with boiled rice, a little water, and a little salt. In India, linseed oil is known as ""alsi"" in Hindi and ""javas"" in Marathi. It is mainly used in Savji curries, such as mutton (goat meat) curries. Whole flaxseeds are chemically stable, but ground flaxseed"
"as it was found in the tombs of mummies from as early as 6500 B.C. The fibers from the flax are taken from the filaments in the stem of the plant, spun together to create long strands, and then woven into long pieces of linen that were used from anything from bandages to clothing and tapestries. Each fiber's length depends on the height of the leaf that it is serving, with 10 filaments in a bundle serving each leaf on the plant. Each filament is the same thickness, giving it a consistency that is ideal for spinning yarn. The yarn"
"fats, it can replace other protein-dense foods such as soy. It is believed that the inclusion of omega-3 fatty acids in the diets of beef producing cattle will bring an increase in health to the animals and to the quality of carcass upon slaughter. Some studies have found that feeding flax seeds may increase the omega-3 content and improve marbling in the carcass of the animal at slaughter while others have found no differences. Flax seeds suppress inflammatory effects from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) often affecting stressed cattle due to production practices such as transport and processing. BRD can lead"
"Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is an antioxidant phytoestrogen present in flax, sunflower, sesame, and pumpkin seeds. In food, it can be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed. It is a precursor of mammal lignans which are produced in the colon from chemicals in foods. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside can be isolated from de-fatted (hexane extraction) flaxseed by extraction of the lignan polymer precursor with a water/acetone mixture, followed by acetone removal and alkaline hydrolysis. Or, it can be extracted from the shell of whole flax through a cold-milled process without using chemicals. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside slows the growth of human breast cancer"
"mythical patriotic character. The top-hatted silhouette of ""Uncle Sam"" on the side of the box is actually Coltrin's, or so the story goes. Uncle Sam Original cereal, since 1908 has consisted of toasted whole wheat berry kernels that are steamed, rolled and toasted into flakes. Whole flaxseed is then mixed with the flakes. This high-fiber, ready-to-eat cereal has a low glycemic index and has an exceptionally high amount of omega-3 per serving because of the flaxseed. It is marketed as a ""natural laxative"" because of the presence of flaxseed, though clinical support for this assertion is scant. Because of its"
"a result of alternating rain and the sun, an enzymatic action degrades the pectins which bind fibers to the straw. The farmers turn over the straw during retting to evenly rett the stalks. When the straw is retted and sufficiently dry, it is rolled up. It is then stored by farmers before extracting the fibers. Threshing is the process of removing the seeds from the rest of the plant. Separating the usable flax fibers from other components requires pulling the stems through a hackle and/or beating the plants to break them. Flax processing is divided into two parts: the first"
"diseases such as Sclerotinia stem rot, flea beetles, and certain species of Fusarium that devastate cereal crops. Further use of flax production will increase the yields of other grain crash crops and provide Nepalese farmers with by-products for personal use or sale. Whole flax straw holds great agricultural value to subsistence farmers. When left on the field, the straw will protect the soil from wind and water erosion and can be used as livestock bedding or mulch. Due to the topography of the hill and mountains, run-off and erosion is of concern. Whole flax straw can help to alleviate and"
"seeds of the flax plant, already extensively grown for the production of linen. The raw oil may be used, but it cures poorly and leaves a sticky surface. Normally boiled linseed oil is used. This has been prepared beforehand by boiling with lead, in the form of lead oxide, or with manganese salts. Modern boiled oils use a lead-free metallic drier added cold, such as cobalt resinate. Old linseed oil finishes yellow with age, owing to oxidation with the air. Linseed oil was also widely used for the production of oilcloth, a waterproof covering and rainwear material, formed by coating"
"tons respectively. The cool and temperate climate of the mid-hill regions in Nepal present great potential for farmers to maximize their linseed yields and the yield of proceeding cash-crops through disease and pest control. The hill regions of the Lamjung district is less than 170 km from the capital of Nepal, Kathmandu, which represents an ideal market for trading of the flax seeds or any by-products of the crop made by Nepalese farmers and their families. Graphed data from http://faostat.fao.org/ Entering flax into the crop rotation reduces the prevalence of disease and pests as flax varieties are less susceptible to"
"levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the omega-3 fatty acids ALA, EPA, and DHA. However, the absolute levels of CLA and the omega-3 acids remain extremely low. Flax (or linseed) is one of the most biologically available botanical sources of omega-3 fatty acid which is high in protein and ALA (alpha-linolenic acid). The use of flaxseed in layer mash in chicken egg production has been shown to raise omega-3 levels beyond that of pastured chicken. Recently, research has been conducted involving the use of ground flax seeds as a fat supplement in cattle rations. Being high in protein and"
"contains small amounts of cyanogenic glycoside; these are nontoxic when consumed in typical amounts, but may be toxic when consumed in large quantities of such staple foods such as cassava. Typical concentrations (for example, 0.48% in a sample of defatted dehusked flaxseed meal) can be removed by special processing. The soils most suitable for flax, besides the alluvial kind, are deep loams containing a large proportion of organic matter. Flax is often found growing just above the waterline in cranberry bogs. Heavy clays are unsuitable, as are soils of a gravelly or dry sandy nature. Farming flax requires few fertilizers"
"cooking. When bound to flaxseed ALA can withstand temperatures up to 350 degrees F (176.67 C) for two hours. Food-grade flaxseed oil is cold-pressed, obtained without solvent extraction, in the absence of oxygen, and marketed as edible flaxseed oil. Fresh, refrigerated and unprocessed, linseed oil is used as a nutritional supplement and is a traditional European ethnic food, highly regarded for its hearty taste. It contains the highest level of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA among vegetable oils. Regular flaxseed oil contains between 52% and 63% ALA (C18:3 ""n""-3). Plant breeders have developed flaxseed with both higher ALA (70%) and"
"phosphorus (DVs above 90%). As a percentage of total fat, flaxseeds contain 54% omega-3 fatty acids (mostly ALA), 18% omega-9 fatty acids (oleic acid), and 6% omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid); the seeds contain 9% saturated fat, including 5% as palmitic acid. Flaxseed oil contains 53% 18:3 omega-3 fatty acids (mostly ALA) and 13% 18:2 omega-6 fatty acids. One study of research published between 1990 and 2008 showed that consuming flaxseed or its derivatives may reduce total and LDL-cholesterol in the blood, with greater benefits in women and those with high cholesterol. A meta-analysis has shown that consumption of more"
"day lilies, are unaffected by the allelopathic compounds found in sunflower hulls. Sunflower seed The sunflower seed is the fruit of the sunflower (""Helianthus annuus""). There are three types of commonly used sunflower seeds: linoleic (most common), high oleic, and NuSun developed for sunflower oil. Each variety has its own unique levels of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats. The information in this article refers mainly to the linoleic variety. For commercial purposes, sunflower seeds are usually classified by the pattern on their husks. If the husk is solid black, the seeds are called black oil sunflower seeds. The crops may"
"warm and humid regions for its oleaginous seeds (producing between 20 and 200 kg of seeds annually per tree, depending on maturity), flowers and wood. The fat (solid at ambient temperature) is used for the care of the skin, to manufacture soap or detergents, and as a vegetable butter. It can also be used as a fuel oil. The seed cakes obtained after extraction of oil constitute very good fertilizer. The flowers are used to produce an alcoholic drink in tropical India. This drink is also known to affect the animals. Several parts of the tree, including the bark, are"
"to lung tissue damage and impair the performance of the cattle leading to a low final body mass at slaughter or premature death. Another effect of feeding flax in cattle ration is an observed increase in the daily dry matter intake. This was observed in feeding a total dietary content of omega-3 fatty acids of under 10% of total feed. Although the direct beneficial effects of feeding omega-3 fatty acids remain uncertain, the preventative effect from feeding omega-3s to stressed cattle have shown great promise. Although flax feeds are greatly more expensive compared to other feeds, the economical benefits from"
"Research Plot 30 Research Plot 30, is a historic agriculture site on the North Dakota State University campus in Fargo, North Dakota. When the pioneers broke up the grass prairie sod, flax was usually one of the first crops sown. If flax was sown continuously or with short rotations between subsequent flax crops, the flax became diseased and was called ""flax sick"" by farmers. The symptoms were wilting and dying flax plants during the growing season. The site is located near Centennial Avenue and 18th Street North. Flax was first planted at the site in 1894 by Professor Henry L."
"gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Phormium tenax Phormium tenax (called flax in New Zealand English; harakeke in Māori; New Zealand flax outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. The plant grows as a clump of long, straplike leaves, up to two metres long, from which arises a much taller flowering shoot, with dramatic yellow or red flowers. The fibre has been widely used since the arrival of Māori to"
"fiber to the diet which acts as a stool hardener and aids in lower tract “cleansing”. The composition of beet pulp is such that it is an insoluble and moderately fermentable fiber. This means it can add bulk to the diet as well as moisture to the stool while also supplying the animal’s cells lining the intestine with energy due to the moderate fermentation that occurs. Flax seed is the whole seed of the flax plant which contains both soluble and insoluble fiber. The insoluble fraction includes cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These components have a very good water binding capacity"
"reduce the occurrence of this erosion. Additionally, remnants of the straw and fibre remaining on the soil will return nutrients to the soil in hopes of increasing soil fertility and, in turn, increasing future cash crop yields. Lastly, deforestation for fuel use is an ongoing issue in Nepal. By-products of flax harvest are used as a biofuel source in Canada; this methodology can be transposed in Nepal and lessen the need for the hill and mountain farmers to scavenge for wood-sourced fuels. There is world market demand for flax straw and fibre in environmentally friendly products, textiles and biofuel. Farmers"