"""cobbler"" have often been considered not interchangeable, according to a tradition in Britain that restricted cobblers to repairing shoes. In this usage, a ""cordwainer"" is someone who makes new shoes using new leather, where as a ""cobbler"" is someone who repairs shoes. Medieval cordovan leather was used for the highest quality shoes, but cordwainers also used domestically produced leathers and were not solely producers of luxury footwear. In the historic London guild system, the cobblers and cordwainers were separate guilds, and the cobblers were forbidden from working in new leather. Historically, cobblers also made shoes, but only using old leather"
"Cordwainer (ward) Cordwainer is a small, almost rectangular-shaped ward in the City of London. It is named after the cordwainers, the professional shoemakers who historically lived and worked in this particular area of London; there is a Livery Company for the trade — the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers. The ward is sometimes referred to as the ""Cordwainers' ward"". It is bounded to the north by Poultry and Cheapside (the boundary with Cheap ward); to the west by the eponymous Bread Street and the ward of the same name; to the south by Cannon Street (and Vintry and Dowgate wards); and"
"by the guild of corvisors or corvysors. The term ""cordwainer"" entered English as ""cordewaner(e)"", from the Anglo-Norman ""cordewaner"" (from Old French ""cordoanier"", ""-ouanier"", ""-uennier"", etc.), and initially denoted a worker in cordwain or cordovan, the leather historically produced in Moorish Córdoba, Spain in the Middle Ages, as well as, more narrowly, a shoemaker. The earliest attestation in English is a reference to “Randolf se cordewan[ere]”, ""ca."" 1100. According to the ""OED"", the term is now considered obsolete except where it persists in the name of a trade-guild or company, or where otherwise employed by trade unions. The terms ""cordwainer"" and"
"its destruction in the London blitz in 1941. Worshipful Company of Cordwainers The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. Cordwainers were workers in fine leather; the Company gets its name from ""cordwain"" (cordovan), the white leather produced from goatskin in Cordova, Spain. All fine leather makers, including Girdlers and Glovers, were originally classified as cordwainers; however, the term eventually came to refer only to fine leather footwear, including boots. The Cordwainers' Company, which received the right to regulate City trade in 1272 (the same year as the Curriers), obtained a Royal"
"Cordwainers' Hall Cordwainers' Hall was the livery hall of the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers, the City of London livery company for Cordwainers (workers in fine leather) from 1316 until its destruction in 1941. The hall stood in St. Paul's Churchyard, facing Cannon Street. Five successive halls were built on the site, the last three were rebuilt in 1670, 1788, and 1910. A plaque marks the site. The 1788 hall was built by Sylvanus Hall, with the front of the hall decorated in stone by Robert Adam. The front of the hall featured a stone medallion of a ""country girl spinning"
"Worshipful Company of Cordwainers The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. Cordwainers were workers in fine leather; the Company gets its name from ""cordwain"" (cordovan), the white leather produced from goatskin in Cordova, Spain. All fine leather makers, including Girdlers and Glovers, were originally classified as cordwainers; however, the term eventually came to refer only to fine leather footwear, including boots. The Cordwainers' Company, which received the right to regulate City trade in 1272 (the same year as the Curriers), obtained a Royal Charter of incorporation in 1439. The status of"
"Cuir de Cordoue Cuir de Cordoue, or cordwain or cordovan (meaning: ""from Córdoba""), sometimes called gold leather (from Dutch ""goudleer""), refers to painted and gilded (and often embossed) leather hangings, manufactured in panels and assembled for covering walls as an alternative to tapestry. Cuir de Cordoba is usually made of fine leather; often calf skins are used. The technique consists of shaping panels of wet leather over wooden moulds, then painting them, then oil-gilding and lacquering them. Sometimes smooth panels of painted Cuir de Cordoue were used. Patterns for these panels followed fashions in silk damask, at some lag in"
"lace-making, quilting, spinning and other traditional activities. Crowdy-crawn A crowdy-crawn is a wooden hoop covered with sheepskin used as a percussion instrument in western Cornwall at least as early as 1880. It is similar to the Irish bodhrán. It is used by some modern Cornish traditional music groups as a solo or accompaniment instrument. The name crowdy-crawn is derived from the Cornish ""croder croghen,"" literally ""skin sieve,"" sometimes shortened to ""crowd."" The crowdy-crawn is said to have originated from a tool used for gathering or measuring grain. According to one authoritative observer, the Irish bodhrán was derived from the ""riddle,"""
"early nineteenth century tended, by nature of the industries in which their members worked, to be craft unions: shoemakers, cordwainers (shoemakers who work with cordovan leather) and typesetters all worked, as a rule, in small shops in which they had little contact with workers in other fields. Some of these early unions also came out of a guild tradition, in which skilled workmen often owned their own shops or, if they worked for another, had a good deal of control over how the work was done, which they policed by maintaining standards for admission into the trade, requiring entrants to"
"with a distaff...and of the thread of cordwainers or shoemakers."" The arms of the Cordwainers company was in the pediments of the building. The hall was destroyed during World War II in the London blitz, on 10–11 May 1941. Cordwainers' Hall Cordwainers' Hall was the livery hall of the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers, the City of London livery company for Cordwainers (workers in fine leather) from 1316 until its destruction in 1941. The hall stood in St. Paul's Churchyard, facing Cannon Street. Five successive halls were built on the site, the last three were rebuilt in 1670, 1788, and 1910."
"Corduroy Corduroy is a textile with a distinct pattern, a ""cord"" or wale. Modern corduroy is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a channel (bare to the base fabric) between the tufts. Corduroy is, in essence, a ridged form of velvet. Both velvet and corduroy derive from fustian fabric. The fabric looks as if it is made from multiple cords laid parallel to each other and then stitched together. The word ""corduroy"" is from ""cord"" and ""duroy"", a coarse woollen cloth made in England in the 18th century. The interpretation of the word as ""corde du roi"" (from"
"Kellner, Woolwich, and produced at the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills from 1889 onwards. At the start of World War I cordite was in production at Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills and by seven other suppliers (British Explosives Syndicate Ltd, Chilworth Gunpowder Company Ltd, Cotton Powder Company Ltd, Messrs Curtis's and Harvey Ltd, National Explosives Company Ltd, New Explosives Company Ltd and Nobels Explosive Company Ltd). . Existing factories were expanded and new ones built notably by Nobel's at Ardeer, HM Factory, Gretna, which straddled the Scotland-England border at Gretna, and the Royal Navy Cordite Factory, Holton Heath . A"
"Haberdasher A haberdasher is a person who sells small articles for sewing, such as buttons, ribbons and zippers (in the United Kingdom), or a men's outfitter, often providing one of custom bespoke orders of various requirements. (American English). The sewing articles are called haberdashery, or ""notions"" (American English). The word appears in Chaucer's ""Canterbury Tales"". Haberdashers were initially peddlers, thus sellers of small items such as needles and buttons. The word is not thought to have connection with an Old Norse word akin to the Icelandic , which means ""peddlers' wares"" or the sack in which the peddler carried them."
"as ""Manchester"". Corduroy is a material traditionally used in making British country clothing, even though its origin lies among items worn by townspeople in industrial areas. Although corduroy has existed for a long time and was used in Europe since the 18th century, only in the 20th century did it become global - notably expanding in popularity during the 1970s. Corduroy Corduroy is a textile with a distinct pattern, a ""cord"" or wale. Modern corduroy is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a channel (bare to the base fabric) between the tufts. Corduroy is, in essence, a ridged"
"the City are eligible to stand for election. The current Alderman is Roger Gifford and the current Common Councilmen are: Mark Boleat, Michael Snyder and Alex Barr. Cordwainer (ward) Cordwainer is a small, almost rectangular-shaped ward in the City of London. It is named after the cordwainers, the professional shoemakers who historically lived and worked in this particular area of London; there is a Livery Company for the trade — the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers. The ward is sometimes referred to as the ""Cordwainers' ward"". It is bounded to the north by Poultry and Cheapside (the boundary with Cheap ward);"
"Crowdy-crawn A crowdy-crawn is a wooden hoop covered with sheepskin used as a percussion instrument in western Cornwall at least as early as 1880. It is similar to the Irish bodhrán. It is used by some modern Cornish traditional music groups as a solo or accompaniment instrument. The name crowdy-crawn is derived from the Cornish ""croder croghen,"" literally ""skin sieve,"" sometimes shortened to ""crowd."" The crowdy-crawn is said to have originated from a tool used for gathering or measuring grain. According to one authoritative observer, the Irish bodhrán was derived from the ""riddle,"" an agricultural tool used for sifting coarse"
"the cockney ""bobbins of cotton"", meaning ""rotten"". This may be related to the contemporary British slang usage, where ""bobbins"" can be used to denote something negative, particularly in theatrical circles. Bobbin A bobbin is a spindle or cylinder, with or without flanges, on which wire, yarn, thread or film is wound. Bobbins are typically found in sewing machines, cameras, and within electronic equipment. In non-electrical applications the bobbin is used for tidy storage without tangles. In electrical applications a coil of wire carrying a current has important magnetic properties as solenoids. As used in spinning, weaving, knitting, sewing, or lacemaking,"
"be helpful. Cordage provides the abilities to bind, build, repair, and prevent damage. It comes in many sizes and materials, and can be used for building shelters and traps, flossing teeth, fishing, repairing and making clothes, replacing shoelaces, gluing or taping things together. Many cordages are made from natural materials. Some types of cordage are: There are a variety of containers for organizing and keeping equipment dry: Military ready meals provide a wide range of food options for hikers; they tend to be higher in fat and salt than is appropriate for sedentary people. The meals are not dehydrated, and"
"and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up. In contrast, today's upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on. ""Upholder"" is an archaic term used for ""upholsterer"", but it appears to have a connotation of ""repairing"" furniture rather than creating new upholstered pieces from scratch (cobbler vs. cordwainer). In 18th-century London, upholders frequently served as interior decorators responsible for all aspects of a room's decor. These individuals were members of the Worshipful Company of Upholders, whose traditional role, prior to the 18th century,"
"This left the Waltham Abbey and Ardeer factories in production. Cordite Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in the United Kingdom since 1889 to replace gunpowder as a military propellant. Like gunpowder, cordite is classified as a low explosive because of its slow burning rates and consequently low brisance. These produce a subsonic deflagration wave rather than the supersonic detonation wave produced by brisants, or high explosives. The hot gases produced by burning gunpowder or cordite generate sufficient pressure to propel a bullet or shell to its target, but not so quickly as to routinely destroy"
"Company of Haberdashers in the City of London. Haberdasher A haberdasher is a person who sells small articles for sewing, such as buttons, ribbons and zippers (in the United Kingdom), or a men's outfitter, often providing one of custom bespoke orders of various requirements. (American English). The sewing articles are called haberdashery, or ""notions"" (American English). The word appears in Chaucer's ""Canterbury Tales"". Haberdashers were initially peddlers, thus sellers of small items such as needles and buttons. The word is not thought to have connection with an Old Norse word akin to the Icelandic , which means ""peddlers' wares"" or"
"which powder and ball were located upon loading, and the main body of the cannon was formed of a tube opened at both ends. ""Veuglaires"", together with ""Crapaudins"", were considered medium-sized weapons and tended to have smaller chambers than bombards. They belonged to a category of weapons developed from the late 14th century, which had smaller bore and flatter trajectory. The category includes the ""culverin"", ""curtall"", ""serpentines"", ""falcon"" and ""arquebus"". Veuglaire The Veuglaire (derived from the German ""Vogler"" and ""Vogelfänger"", and the Flemish ""Vogheler"", after a gun manufacturer named Vögler. English: Fowler) was a wrought iron cannon, and part of"
"Cordura Cordura is a collection of fabric technologies used in a wide array of products including luggage, backpacks, trousers, military wear and performance apparel. Cordura fabrics are known for their durability and resistance to abrasions, tears and scuffs. Originally developed and registered as a trademark by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont) in 1929, it is now the property of INVISTA (a wholly owned subsidiary of Koch Industries). Cordura fabrics are usually made of nylon, but may be blended with cotton or other natural fibers. DuPont originally introduced the fabric as a type of rayon. The product was"
"braided forms. Although usually circular in cross-section, wire can be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special flattened wire. In antiquity, jewelry often contains, in the form of chains and applied decoration, large amounts of wire that is accurately made and which must have been produced by some efficient, if not technically advanced, means. In some cases, strips cut from metal sheet were made into wire by pulling them through perforations"
"describes, ""a wooden hoop covered with sheep-skin, used for taking up corn. Sometimes used as a tambourine, then called crowdy-crawn."" “Crowdy” in the Cornish language means, ""fiddle playing"" and “crawn” means ""animal skin"". Riddle Sieves were also used in Ireland and were called, ""riddles,"" or ""English sieves."".Opening up the possibility they were once called Riddle Drums in Ireland too. How old the term Riddle Drum is, is unknown. Riddle Drums were popular throughout Medieval Europe and are common in paintings of minstrels and troubadours. With the influence of the French Language among courts of Europe at that time, they were"
"the type of glitzy clothes and accessories that can be created using a bedazzler, it is often associated with kitsch and retro fashion. A commentator in Entertainment Weekly magazine described the Bedazzler as: ""The cheap-ass rhinestone-studding tool favored by art teachers and over-excitable soccer moms everywhere, the biggest piece of crap sold on late-night TV since the Thighmaster, the reason women own shirts with glittery kitty-cats on them."" Bedazzler The Bedazzler is a home appliance which is used to fasten rhinestones, studs and patches to clothes and other material. The Bedazzler first appeared in the 1970s as a direct marketing"
"have been preserved in private and other collections. Many decorated examples shed light on the life and history of the individuals that used them and can be classified as a medium of folk art. Powder horns were often decorated, most often with engraving, making a form of scrimshaw, which was sometimes supplemented with color. The powder horn was rendered obsolete by the innovations brought about by Hall, Sharps, Spencer and the later development of self-contained cartridges that were developed and marketed successfully by Oliver Winchester, after which manufactured metallic cartridges became standard. Powder horn A powder horn was a container"
"include casks, barrels, buckets, tubs, butter churns, hogsheads, firkins, tierces, rundlets, puncheons, pipes, tuns, butts, pins and breakers. Traditionally, a ""hooper"" was the man who fitted the wooden or metal hoops around the barrels or buckets that the cooper had made, essentially an assistant to the cooper. The English name Hooper is derived from that profession. With time, many Coopers took on the role of the Hooper themselves. There were four divisions in the cooper's craft. The ""dry"" or ""slack"" cooper made containers that would be used to ship dry goods such as cereals, nails, tobacco, fruits, and vegetables. The"
"Shell cordovan Shell cordovan (or cordovan) is a type of leather commonly used in high-end shoemaking. Cordovan is an equine leather made from the fibrous flat muscle (or ""shell"") beneath the hide on the rump of the horse. The leather derives its name from the city of Cordoba, Spain, where it was first produced by the Visigoths in the seventh century, and later also by the Moors. It is a difficult and expensive leather to make, and in the late 19th and early 20th century was mostly used for razor strops to sharpen razors in barber shops. More recently it"
"had been inherited; Persian ivory is rare. The normal style was a deep relief with an even surface; some pieces were painted. Spain specialized in caskets and round boxes, which were probably used to keep jewels and perfumes. They were produced mainly in the approximate period 930–1050, and widely exported. Many pieces are signed and dated, and on court pieces the name of the owner is often inscribed; they were typically gifts from a ruler. As well as a court workshop, Cordoba had commercial workshops producing goods of slightly lower quality. In the 12th and 13th century workshops in Norman"
"the corn to be sieved (barley, wheat) and were known as riddle sieves. When the name Riddle Drum was first recorded in the 1950s, the only remaining tradition of playing the drums was in the South of England. It is unknown whether the name Riddle Drum then was just a Southern English name for the drum and it was known by different names in other parts of England or whether they were once called Riddle Drum across the country. In Cornwall riddle drums were called crowdy crawn. John Davey of Zennor (1812–1891), the last native speaker of the Cornish language,"
"Mounted corkscrew A mounted or bar corkscrew is a device screwed or clamped to a wall or counter top, used to draw corks from beer, wine or other bottles. Corks have been used to seal jars and bottles for over 400 years. (Modern, machine made bottles with threaded tops for screw caps date from the 1920s.) Early glass bottles were cumbersome (and possibly dangerous, being hand-blown) to hold, and the simple “T” corkscrew required strength to use. The first mounted corkscrews, made some time in the mid 1800s, were very simple, consisting of a frame incorporating a bracket that held"
"term ""krsna ayas"" might possibly also refer to these iron items, even if they are not made of smelted iron. Lothali copper is unusually pure, lacking the arsenic typically used by coppersmiths across the rest of the Indus valley. Workers mixed tin with copper for the manufacture of celts, arrowheads, fishhooks, chisels, bangles, rings, drills and spearheads, although weapon manufacturing was minor. They also employed advanced metallurgy in following the ""cire perdue"" technique of casting, and used more than one-piece moulds for casting birds and animals. They also invented new tools such as curved saws and twisted drills unknown to"