"Voyage of Terror: The Achille Lauro Affair Voyage of Terror: The Achille Lauro Affair is a 1990 American-German-Italian-French made-for-television action-drama film starring Burt Lancaster and Eva Marie Saint, and is based on the 1985 ""Achille Lauro"" hijacking. The film was directed by Alberto Negrin. 1985, Alexandria. A group of Palestinian terrorists of the PLO embarks on the Italian cruise ship ""Achille Lauro"" with the purpose of reaching Haifa and perform a suicide mission against Israel. However, when they're found out during the trip, they decide to hijack the ship and take all passengers in hostage: Among them are Mr. Leon"
"October 7, 1985, four PLF militants hijacked ""Achille Lauro"" off Egypt. The hijackers had been surprised by a crew member and acted prematurely. The Palestinians had hidden their weapons in the gas tank of a car parked in Italy in preparation for boarding the ship. Their smuggled weapons still with gasoline residue on them, gave off a smell that the crew had noticed but had not acted on. A cabin steward, with the hijackers' stateroom in his responsibilities, surprised the four Palestinians (as they were trying to use a hairdryer to clean the residue off their weapons) by entering the"
"her under a charter arrangement in 1985, shortly before the hijacking. On 7 October 1985, four members of the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) took control of the liner off Egypt as she was sailing from Alexandria to Port Said. Holding the passengers and crew hostage, they directed the vessel to sail to Tartus, Syria, and demanded the release of 50 Palestinians then in Israeli prisons. After being refused permission to dock at Tartus, the hijackers killed disabled Jewish-American passenger Leon Klinghoffer and then threw his body overboard. The ship then headed back towards Port Said, and after two days of"
"Achille Lauro hijacking The ""Achille Lauro"" hijacking happened on October 7, 1985, when the Italian MS ""Achille Lauro"" was hijacked by four men representing the Palestine Liberation Front off the coast of Egypt, as she was sailing from Alexandria to Ashdod, Israel. A 69-year-old Jewish American man in a wheelchair, Leon Klinghoffer, was murdered by the hijackers and thrown overboard. The hijacking sparked the ""Sigonella Crisis"". Several events before the October 7, 1985 hijacking provide a context for what took place. Since being driven out of Southern Lebanon by Israel in 1978 and out of Beirut in 1982, Palestine Liberation"
"the hijacking of the Italian cruise ship MS ""Achille Lauro"" on October 7, 1985. The hijackers' original aim was to use the ship to slip into Israel. However, crew members discovered them cleaning weapons, and the group then seized control of the ship, murdering an elderly wheelchair-dependent Jewish New Yorker, Leon Klinghoffer. US fighter planes later forced down the Egyptian aircraft in which Abbas was escaping following a negotiated end of the hijacking, and forced it to land at a USAF base on Sigonella, Sicily. The Italians let Abbas go, but subsequently sentenced him to five life sentences ""in absentia."""
"Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. ""Nimitz"" deployed for a fifth time on 8 March 1985. On 14 June 1985, two Lebanese gunmen hijacked TWA Flight 847, which carried 153 passengers and crew and included Americans. In response, ""Nimitz"" was deployed to the coast of Lebanon, where it remained until August 1985. The embarked Airwing 8 flew continuous sorties for 67 days, bombing several sites in Beirut including the runways of Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport. The ship returned to Norfolk on 4 October 1985. ""Nimitz"", again with CVW-8 embarked, departed Norfolk for its sixth and final Mediterranean deployment on 30"
"sought his extradition. Following the murder of Leon Klinghoffer, the Klinghoffer family founded the Leon and Marilyn Klinghoffer Memorial Foundation, in cooperation with the Anti-Defamation League. The ""Achille Lauro"" hijacking has inspired a number of dramatic retellings: Achille Lauro hijacking The ""Achille Lauro"" hijacking happened on October 7, 1985, when the Italian MS ""Achille Lauro"" was hijacked by four men representing the Palestine Liberation Front off the coast of Egypt, as she was sailing from Alexandria to Ashdod, Israel. A 69-year-old Jewish American man in a wheelchair, Leon Klinghoffer, was murdered by the hijackers and thrown overboard. The hijacking sparked"
"border. One such attack by the PLO's Force 17 on September 25, 1985 on an Israeli yacht in Larnaca, Cyprus where three Israelis were killed, triggered the Israeli Air Force to bomb the PLO headquarters in Tunis in (Operation Wooden Leg) on October 1, 1985. The headquarters were completely destroyed in this attack, and 60 PLO members were killed. Speculation arose that the hijacking of ""Achille Lauro"" was an act of retaliation for the Israeli bombing of the PLO headquarters in Tunis. This was disputed by Abbas' widow, Reem al-Nimer in 2013. According to al-Nimer, the hijacking had been planned"
"known. The ANO carried out attacks in 20 countries, killing or injuring almost 1,650 persons. Targets include the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, moderate Palestinians, the PLO, and various Arab and European countries. The group has not attacked Western targets since the late 1980s. Major attacks included the Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks in December 1985, the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul and the Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking in Karachi in September 1986, and the ""City of Poros"" day-excursion ship attack in Greece in July 1988. The ANO has been especially noted for its uncompromising stance on"
"Lufthansa Flight 615 The hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 615 was an act of terrorism committed by a Palestinian group that occurred on 29 October 1972 and aimed at the liberation of the three surviving perpetrators of the Munich massacre from a West German prison. When the Lufthansa airplane was seized by sympathisers of Black September during the Beirut-Ankara part of a multi-stopover flight from Damascus to Frankfurt, the West German authorities complied with the demand of having the prisoners released. They were handed over at Zagreb Airport, and the hijacked aircraft was flown to Tripoli, where all hostages were released."
"fight against terrorism. On 7 October, members of the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) hijacked the Italian cruise liner ""Achille Lauro"". When the ship arrived in Syria the hijackers made their way to Egypt where they were promised free passage to Tunisia in return for the hostages' lives. The terrorists boarded an Egypt Air Boeing 737 on the night of 10 October. But based on US Intelligence, president Ronald Reagan ordered the Sixth Fleet to take action, to force down the 737 to Sigonella where US Special Forces could capture the hijackers. Four F-14s and an E-2C Hawkeye launched from Saratoga."
"leading to the arrests of those involved in the hijacking but made no military response. Later press reports linked Hezbollah's Imad Mughniyah to the hijackings. On 14 June 1985, TWA Flight 847 was hijacked en route from Athens to Rome. One of the demands of the hijackers was the release of the 17 prisoners held in Kuwait. On 5 April 1988, Kuwait Airways Flight 422 was hijacked from Bangkok to Kuwait with 111 passengers and crew aboard, including three members of the Kuwaiti Royal Family. Six or seven Lebanese men (including Hassan Izz-Al-Din, a veteran of the TWA 847 hijacking)"
"home by Samir Kuntar. Throughout the 1980s, the PLF launched attacks on both civilian and military targets in the north of Israel, across the Lebanese border. In 1985 he masterminded the hijacking of the Italian cruise ship ""Achille Lauro"". During the hijacking, 69-year-old wheelchair-bound American Jewish passenger Leon Klinghoffer, was shot dead and thrown overboard. The four hijackers, fearful of United States military intervention, surrendered to Egypt in return for safe passage out of Egypt, based on the pretext that they had done no harm to any of the passengers. Four F-14 aircraft from the U.S. 6th Fleet intercepted the"
"MS Achille Lauro MS ""Achille Lauro was a cruise ship based in Naples, Italy. Built between 1939 and 1947 as MS ""Willem Ruys, a passenger liner for the Rotterdamsche Lloyd, she was hijacked by members of the Palestine Liberation Front in 1985. In other incidents, she also suffered two serious collisions (in 1953 with the and in 1975 with the cargo ship ""Youseff"") and four onboard fires or explosions (in 1965, 1972, 1981, and 1994). In the last of these, in 1994, the ship caught fire and sank in the Indian Ocean off Somalia. Ordered in 1938 to replace the"
"been attributed to the group. TWA Flight 847 Trans World Airlines Flight 847 was a flight from Cairo to San Diego with en route stops in Athens, Rome, Boston, and Los Angeles. On the morning of Friday, June 14, 1985 Flight 847 was hijacked shortly after take off from Athens. The hijackers were seeking the release of 700 Shi'ite Muslims from Israeli custody. Later Western analysis considered them members of the Hezbollah militant group, but Hezbollah rejects this conclusion. The passengers and crew endured a three-day intercontinental ordeal. Some passengers were threatened and some beaten. Passengers with Jewish-sounding names were"
"TWA Flight 847 Trans World Airlines Flight 847 was a flight from Cairo to San Diego with en route stops in Athens, Rome, Boston, and Los Angeles. On the morning of Friday, June 14, 1985 Flight 847 was hijacked shortly after take off from Athens. The hijackers were seeking the release of 700 Shi'ite Muslims from Israeli custody. Later Western analysis considered them members of the Hezbollah militant group, but Hezbollah rejects this conclusion. The passengers and crew endured a three-day intercontinental ordeal. Some passengers were threatened and some beaten. Passengers with Jewish-sounding names were moved apart from the others."
"(PLF) hijacked the Italian MS ""Achille Lauro"" liner off the coast of Egypt, as she was sailing from Alexandria to Ashdod, Israel. The hijacking was organized by Muhammad Zaidan, leader of the PLF. One 69-year-old Jewish American man in a wheelchair, Leon Klinghoffer, was murdered by the hijackers and thrown overboard. The Egyptian airliner carrying the hijackers was intercepted by F-14 Tomcats from the VF-74 ""BeDevilers"" and the VF-103 ""Sluggers"" of Carrier Air Wing 17, based on the aircraft carrier USS ""Saratoga"", and directed to land at Naval Air Station Sigonella (a NATO air base in Sicily) under the orders"
"AWACS electronic surveillance aircraft and fueled by a U.S. KC-10 tanker, shot down two Iranian fighter planes over an area of the Persian Gulf proclaimed as a protected zone for shipping. 1985: Italy: On October 10, 1985, U.S. Navy pilots intercepted an Egyptian airliner and forced it to land in Sicily. The airliner was carrying the hijackers of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro who had killed an American citizen during the hijacking. 1986: Libya: Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986), on March 26, 1986, President Reagan reported on March 24 and 25, U.S. forces, while engaged in freedom"
"Mohammed Ali Hammadi Mohammed Ali Hammadi (), also known as Mohammed Ali Hamadi (born 13 June 1964 in Lebanon) is one of the list of FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists. A Lebanese citizen and alleged member of Hezbollah, he was convicted in a West German court of law of air piracy, murder, and possession of explosives for his part in the 14 June 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847. Under indictment by US law enforcement for crimes related to the same hijacking, during which one passenger, U.S. Navy Seabee diver Robert Stethem, was extensively tortured prior to being murdered, Hammadi was"
"threatened that, if a further attempt was made by the PLO, ""its fate will be the same"". Fuad al-Bitar, Athens representative of the PLO told an Athens news conference that ""it is clear that the only one interested"" in the sabotage was Israel. In July 2008, Haaretz referred to this attack, without admitting Israeli responsibility, in the context of the threatened but ultimately successful ""Free Gaza"" breaking of Israel's blockade of Gaza. Three claims of responsibility were made, two of them being: Sol Phryne Sol Phryne was a ferry of Sol Maritime Services Ltd. She was bought by the Palestine"
"area. On March 19, 2009, the ""Horizon-1"" was harassed on its way from Ukraine to China in the Gulf of Aden by Somali pirates as she witnessed the hijacking of the Greek-owned vessel MV ""Titan"". The captain alerted naval forces, which were patrolling in the area. The attack on ""Horizon-1"" was prevented by the appearance of the naval forces. In the morning of July 10, 2009 at 08:29 EEST (05:29 UTC), the ""Horizon-1"" was attacked again in the Gulf of Aden and hijacked by five armed pirates. She was carrying 33,000 tons of dry sulfur from Saudi Arabia to Jordan."
"The hijacking is also the subject of the book ""Valinda, Our Daughter"", written by Canadian author Gladys Taylor. The events of the hijacking are described in and used to further the plot in Brad Thor's novel Path of the Assassin. EgyptAir Flight 648 EgyptAir Flight 648 was a regularly scheduled international flight between Athens Ellinikon International Airport in Greece and Cairo International Airport in Egypt. On 23 November 1985, a Boeing 737-200 airliner, registered SU-AYH, servicing the flight was hijacked by the terrorist organization Abu Nidal. The subsequent raid on the aircraft by Egyptian troops resulted in dozens of deaths,"
"headquarters on October 1, 1985, (where 12 Tunisians were slain) as an action against a ""terrorist sanctuary"" which caused the Tunisians to say relations were ""irreparable"". The U.S. not vetoing a U.N. Security Council resolution that condemned Israel for the raid, was seen as an attempt to improve relations. On October 15, 1985, the Reagan Administration told reporters that a partially decomposed body that had washed up on the Syrian coast with a bullet hole in the skull fired from above was that of Leon Klinghoffer. At the time the four hijackers, Yasir Arafat, and Farouk Kaddoumi all continued to"
"termed ""hijackers"". An example is the hijacking of the Italian civilian passenger ship ""Achille Lauro"" by the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1985, which is regarded as an act of piracy. A 2009 book entitled ""International Legal Dimension of Terrorism"" called the attackers ""terrorists"". Modern pirates also use a great deal of technology. It has been reported that crimes of piracy have involved the use of mobile phones, satellite phones, GPS, machetes, AK74 rifles, Sonar systems, modern speedboats, shotguns, pistols, mounted machine guns, and even RPGs and grenade launchers. Under a principle of international law known as the ""universality principle"", a"
"Oceania. In late 1987 French authorities stopped a merchant vessel, the MV ""Eksund"", which was attempting to deliver 150 tons of Soviet arms from Libya to the Irish Republican Army (IRA). In Beirut, Lebanon, two British hostages held by the Libyan-supported Abu Nidal Organization, Leigh Douglas and Philip Padfield, along with an American named Peter Kilburn, were shot dead in revenge. In addition, journalist John McCarthy was kidnapped, and tourist Paul Appleby was murdered in Jerusalem. Another British hostage named Alec Collett was also killed in retaliation for the bombing of Libya. Collett was shown being hanged in a video"
"accurate. Lufthansa Flight 181 Lufthansa Flight 181 was a Boeing 737–230 Adv aircraft named ""Landshut"" that was hijacked on 13 October 1977 by four members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who called themselves Commando Martyr Halima. The objective of the hijacking was to secure the release of imprisoned Red Army Faction leaders. On 18 October the aircraft was stormed by the West German counter-terrorism group GSG 9 in Mogadishu, Somalia, and all 90 passengers rescued. The rescue operation was codenamed ""Feuerzauber"" (German term for ""Fire Magic""). The hijacking is considered to be part of the German"
"any involvement. In response Yasser Arafat denounced the hijacking and offered to assist in negotiating for a peaceful conclusion to the incident. Arafat sent two men to Egypt to join a joint negotiating team alongside Italians and Egyptians – one of his advisors and PLO executive committee member Hani al-Hassan and Abu Abbas. At Port Said, Egypt, these two joined the PLO representative from Cairo – Zohdi al-Qoudra. (It is unknown if Arafat was ignorant of Abbas involvement or if he was sent to ensure the incident would end quickly). On the morning of Tuesday, October 8, the hijackers began"
"families of the Iranian victims. In 1984, the to include air attacks against oil tankers and merchant shipping of neighboring countries, some of whom were providing aid to Iraq by shipping Iraqi oil. The Flight 655 incident occurred a year after the Iraqi Air Force attack on the U.S. Navy guided-missile frigate on 17 May 1987, which killed 37 American sailors. U.S. naval forces had also exchanged gunfire with Iranian gunboats in late 1987, and the U.S. Navy guided-missile frigate had struck an Iranian sea mine in April 1988. Two months before the incident, the U.S. had engaged in Operation"
"a pleasure cruise departing from Alexandria, was hijacked by terrorists from the Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF). After tense negotiations and the killing of an American tourist, the hijackers went ashore at Port Said. Egyptian authorities made hasty arrangements for the terrorists to depart the country. They boarded an Egypt Air 737 jetliner at the Al Maza Air Base, northeast of Cairo. On orders from President Ronald Reagan, seven F-14 Tomcats from the VF-74 ""Bedevilers"" and the VF-103 ""Sluggers"" were launched from the ""Saratoga"". Supporting the Tomcats continuously were VA-85 Grumman KA-6D air tankers and E-2C Hawkeye of VAW-125. Off the"
"MV Amalthea MV ""Amalthea"" (built 1985) is a Moldovan-flagged cargo ship owned by A.C.A. Shipping in Greece. In 2010, ""Amalthea"" was chartered by the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation (GICDF), a Libyan charity organization headed by Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, to deliver humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. Renamed ""Hope"" for the voyage, it left the port of Lavrio, Greece around 8 pm on 10 July 2010 carrying 2,000 tons of food, medical supplies and pre-fabricated houses. Israel requested the United Nations to prevent Libyan sponsored Gaza-bound marine vessel from ""violating the existing naval blockade on the Gaza Strip"". The"
"less than three years after the agreement. The agreement with the PFLP-GC reportedly took nearly a year to negotiate. The nickname for the agreement came about as a reference to Palestinian militant leader Ahmed Jibril. On 30 June 1985, 39 foreigners seized on a TWA Flight 847 en route from Athens to Rome, hijacked to Beirut, were released. On July 1 1985, Israel announced that it was ready to release Shia detainees from its prisons. Over the next several weeks, Israel released over 700 Shia prisoners, but Israel denied that the prisoners' release was related to the hijacking. In July"
"Palestinian Authority, and the United Nations, but rejected by the flotilla activists. Subsequently, two flotilla ships, the ""Audacity of Hope"" and ""Tahrir"", disobeyed Greece's orders. They were intercepted by the Greek coast guard, brought back to shore, and a few activists were arrested. Activists responded by occupying the Spanish embassy in Athens. Only the French ship ""Dignité Al Karama"" managed to approach Gaza. They advised the Greek authorities that their destination was the Egyptian port of Alexandria, and then turned toward Gaza. On 19 July, the ship was intercepted and boarded without incident by Israeli commandos and escorted to the"
"by Italian authorities. In July 1986, an Italian court ruled the Palestinians guilty of ""carrying out a kidnap with terrorist intent, leading to the death of a hostage"". The court did not refer to the hijackers as terrorists, rather calling them soldiers fighting for their ideals."" Three of the hijackers were sentenced to prison terms ranging from fifteen to thirty years. While Youssef Majed Molqi (the hijacker whom had shot Klinghoffer) received one of the longest sentences of the group, the court cited the conditions of his childhood growing up surrounded by violence in a Palestinian refugee camp as a"