"speakers due to the prevalence of the base-10 system in schools. The picture below shows the numerals 1–19 and then 0. Twenty is written with a one and a zero, forty with a two and a zero, and four hundred with a one and two zeros. The corresponding spoken forms are: In Greenlandic Inuit language: Kaktovik Inupiaq numerals Inuit languages, like other Eskimo–Aleut languages (and Celtic and Mayan languages as well), use a vigesimal counting system. Inuit counting has sub-bases at 5, 10, and 15. Arabic numerals, consisting of 10 distinct digits (0-9) are not adequate to represent a base-20"
"hexadecimal number containing 8 digits: XXYYYYZZ. The first two digits (labeled XX) represent a checksum based on the starting times of each track on the CD, mod 255. The next four digits (YYYY) represent the total time of the CD in seconds from the start of the first track to the end of the last track. The last two digits (ZZ) represent the number of tracks on the CD. For example, suppose a CD contains a single track of duration 3610 seconds. First the XX checksum is calculated by summing the track starting times mod 255. Since CDs have a"
"- Italy 10 CD - France 11 CD - Slovakia 12 CD - Denmark 13 CD - Japan 14 CD - Sudan 15 CD - Austria 16 CD - India 17 CD - Australia 18 CD - Canada 19 CD - Holy See (The Vatican) 20 CD - Finland 21 CD - Switzerland 22 CD - Britain 23 CD - Liberia 24 CD - Israel 25 CD - Nigeria 26 CD - Ghana 27 CD - Netherlands 28 CD - Malawi 29 CD - USA 30 CD - Belgium 31 CD - Sweden 32 CD - Pakistan 33 CD -"
"Roman numeral analysis In music, Roman numeral analysis uses Roman numerals to represent chords. The Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, ...) denote scale degrees (first, second, third, fourth, ...); used to represent a chord, they denote the root note on which the chord is built. For instance, III denotes the third degree of a scale or the chord built on it. Generally, uppercase Roman numerals (such as I, IV, V) represent major chords while lowercase Roman numerals (such as i, iv, v) represent minor chords (see Major and Minor below for alternative notations); elsewhere, upper-case Roman numerals are used"
"numbers 1+9+8+2 is 20 (shown as the Roman numerals 'XX' underneath the album title), hence the name of the album. Side one Side two Track 1 was a B-side. The remainder of the disc is a rehearsal recording, with the group trying out some cover songs. <ol start=""1""> <li>Calling the Shots - B-Side <li>Break the Rules <li>When the Girl in Your Arms (Is the Girl in Your Heart) <li>Half-Way to Paradise <li>Cathy's Clown <li>It's Only Make Believe <li>Walk on By <li>Singing the Blues <li>Jealous Heart <li>Down the Dustpipe <li>Wild Side of Life <li>Lover Please / Let's Twist Again / Rock"
"feature of Roman numerals is called subtractive notation. The numbers from 1 to 10 (including subtractive notation for 4 and 9) are expressed in Roman numerals as follows: The system being basically decimal, ""tens and hundreds follow the same underlying pattern"". This is the key to understanding Roman numerals: Thus 10 to 100 (counting in tens, with taking the place of , taking the place of and taking the place of ): Note that 40 () and 90 () follow the same subtractive pattern as 4 and 9, avoiding the confusing and . Similarly, 100 to 1000 (counting in hundreds):"
"of C major would be the triads C major, F major, G major). In some conventions (as in this and related articles) upper-case Roman numerals indicate major triads (e.g., I, IV, V) while lower-case Roman numerals indicate minor triads (e.g., I for a major chord and i for a minor chord, or using the major key, ii, iii and vi representing typical diatonic minor triads): other writers, (e.g. Schoenberg) use upper case Roman numerals for both major and minor triads. Some writers use upper-case Roman numerals to indicate the chord is diatonic in the major scale, and lower-case Roman numerals"
"Claudian letter Ↄ, If using blackletter or script typefaces, Roman numerals are set in Roman type. Such typefaces may contain Roman numerals matching the style of the typeface in the Unicode range U+2160–217F; if they don't exist, a matching Antiqua typeface is used for Roman numerals. Unicode has characters for Roman fractions in the ""Ancient Symbols"" block: sextans, uncia, semuncia, sextula, dimidia sextula, siliqua, and as. The vertical rods are usually for even powers of ten (1, 100, 10000...) and the horizontal for odd powers (10, 1000...). For example, 126 is represented by Counting rod numerals are included in their"
"simply to make it clear that it ""is"" a number, e.g. . Roman numerals The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced in most contexts by"
"chord triads in music analysis (Roman numeral analysis), the numbering of movie and video game sequels, book publication dates, successive political leaders or children with identical names, and the numbering of some sport events, such as the Olympic Games or the Super Bowl. Unicode has a number of characters specifically designated as Roman numerals, as part of the ""Number Forms"" range from U+2160 to U+2188. This range includes both upper- and lowercase numerals, as well as pre-combined characters for numbers up to 12 (Ⅻ or ). One reason for the existence of pre-combined numbers is to facilitate the setting of"
"CD 1 CD 2 CD: EMI / 5 41888 2 (Belgium) CD: EMI 7243541900-2 (Colombia/Ecuador/Peru/Venezuela) CD: EMI / 5 41912 2 (Germany/Switzerland/Austria) CD: EMI / 7243 5 42075 2 (Australia) CD: EMI 7243 5 39821 2 6 (New Zealand) CD 1 CD 2 CD: EMI / 5 41918 2 (Denmark) CD 1 CD 2 CD: EMI / 5 77949 2 (Hong Kong) CD 1 CD 2 CD 3 CD: EMI / 7243 5 41916 2 6 (Argentina/Mexico) CD: EMI / 7243 5 41899 2 0 (Brazil) CD: Toshiba-EMI / TOCP-67061 (Japan/Thailand) DVD 1 All are music videos except where noted."
"to indicate that the chord is diatonic in the minor scale. Diminished triads may be represented by lower-case Roman numerals with a degree symbol (e.g., vii indicates a diminished seventh chord built on the seventh scale degree; in the key of C major, this chord would be b diminished seventh, which consists of the notes B, D, F and G). Roman numerals can also be used in stringed instrument notation to indicate the position or string to play. In some string music, the string on which it is suggested that the performer play the note is indicated with a Roman"
"Roman numerals, there are pandigital numbers: MCDXLIV, MCDXLVI, MCDLXIV, MCDLXVI, MDCXLIV, MDCXLVI, MDCLXIV, MDCLXVI. These, listed in , use each of the digits just once, while has pandigital Roman numerals with repeats. Pandigital numbers are useful in fiction and in advertising. The Social Security Number 987-65-4321 is a zeroless pandigital number reserved for use in advertising. Some credit card companies use pandigital numbers with redundant digits as fictitious credit card numbers (while others use strings of zeroes). Pandigital number In mathematics, a pandigital number is an integer that in a given base has among its significant digits each digit used"
". The latter symbol further evolved into , then , and eventually changed to under the influence of the Latin word ""mille"" ""thousand"". Alfred Hooper has an alternative hypothesis for the origin of the Roman numeral system, for small numbers. Hooper contends that the digits are related to hand gestures for counting. For example, the numbers , , , correspond to the number of fingers held up for another to see. , then represents that hand upright with fingers together and thumb apart. Numbers 6–10, are represented with two hands as follows (left hand, right hand) 6=(,), 7=(,), 8=(,), 9=(,),"
"Subtractive notation Subtractive notation is an early form of positional notation used with Roman numerals as a shorthand to replace four or five characters in a numeral representing a number with usually just two characters. Using subtractive notation the numeral VIIII becomes simply IX. Without subtractive notation, XIV represents the same number as XVI (16 in Arabic numerals). With the introduction of subtractive notation, XIV (14) no longer represents the same number as XVI but rather is an alternative way of writing XIIII. By encoding information about the number into the order of the numerals, subtractive notation transformed the Roman"
"the ten's complement of the subtrahend. To represent the sign of a number in BCD, the number 0000 is used to represent a positive number, and 1001 is used to represent a negative number. The remaining 14 combinations are invalid signs. To illustrate signed BCD subtraction, consider the following problem: 357 − 432. In signed BCD, 357 is 0000 0011 0101 0111. The ten's complement of 432 can be obtained by taking the nine's complement of 432, and then adding one. So, 999 − 432 = 567, and 567 + 1 = 568. By preceding 568 in BCD by the"
"Roman numerals The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced in most contexts by the more convenient Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the"
"for all chords. In Western classical music in the 2000s, Roman numeral analysis is used by music students and music theorists to analyze the harmony of a song or piece. In the most common day-to-day use in pop, rock, traditional music, and jazz and blues, Roman numerals notate the progression of chords in a song. For instance, the standard twelve bar blues progression is I (first), IV (fourth), V (fifth), sometimes written I, IV, V, since the blues progression is often based on dominant seventh chords. In the key of C (where the notes of the scale are C, D,"
"Numerical digit A numerical digit is a single symbol (such as ""2"" or ""5"") used alone, or in combinations (such as ""25""), to represent numbers (such as the number 25) according to some positional numeral systems. The single digits (as one-digit-numerals) and their combinations (such as ""25"") are the numerals of the numeral system they belong to. The name ""digit"" comes from the fact that the ten digits (Latin ""digiti"" meaning fingers) of the hands correspond to the ten symbols of the common base 10 numeral system, i.e. the decimal (ancient Latin adjective ""decem"" meaning ten) digits. For a given"
"BCD (character encoding) BCD (""Binary-Coded Decimal""), also called alphanumeric BCD, alphameric BCD, BCD Interchange Code, or BCDIC, is a family of representations of numerals, uppercase Latin letters, and some special and control characters as six-bit character codes. Unlike later encodings such as ASCII, BCD codes were not standardized. Different computer manufacturers, and even different product lines from the same manufacturer, often had their own variants, and sometimes included unique characters. Other six-bit encodings with completely different mappings, such as some FIELDATA variants or Transcode, are sometimes incorrectly termed BCD. Many variants of BCD encode the characters '0' through '9' as"
"as part of the ""Number Forms"" range from U+2160 to U+2183. For example, Roman 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) could alternatively be written as ⅯⅭⅯⅬⅩⅩⅩⅧ. This range includes both upper- and lowercase numerals, as well as pre-combined glyphs for numbers up to 12 (Ⅻ for XII), mainly intended for clock faces. The pre-combined glyphs should only be used to represent the individual numbers where the use of individual glyphs is not wanted, and not to replace compounded numbers. For example, one can combine Ⅹ with Ⅰ to mean Roman numeral eleven (ⅩⅠ), so U+216A (Ⅺ) is canonically equivalent to ⅩⅠ. Such characters are"
"decoration. Further, is ""not"" among the titles of the Pope; the closest match is (""Vicar of Christ"", also rendered in English as ""Vicar of Jesus Christ""), the numerical values of which do ""not"" add up to 666, but to 214. There is also a dispute on the numerology of . Latin does not have the letter 'U' but instead uses 'V'; only if one uses the correct Latin spelling is the total produced (VICIVILIIDI = 5 + 1 + 100 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 50 + 1 + 1 + 500 + 1 = 666). Otherwise, the"
"use the Latin alphabet letters ""A"" to ""Z"" to represent the 26 digit values one to twenty-six. (A=1, B=2, C=3, ..., Z=26) With this choice of notation, the number sequence (starting from 1) begins A, B, C, ..., X, Y, Z, AA, AB, AC, ..., AX, AY, AZ, BA, BB, BC, ... Each digit position represents a power of twenty-six, so for example, the numeral ABC represents the value = 731 in base 10. Many spreadsheets including Microsoft Excel use this system to assign labels to the columns of a spreadsheet, starting A, B, C, ..., Z, AA, AB, ...,"
"is represented by two U's opposing each other. Numbers up to 19, or even 20, can be represented by a combination of I's and U's, just like the Roman numerals are represented by combinations of I's and V's. (A Roman 10 is represented by two V's opposing each other). The widest use of the notation is in presenting the Golden Numbers, 1 - 19 on Runic calendars (, , , also known as ""clogs""). The numbers are commonly found in Modern Age and possibly Early Modern Age calendar sticks. It is unknown if they were in use in the Middle"
"Another says, ""Amerimnus thought upon his lady Harmonia for good. The number of her honorable name is 45."" Suetonius, writing in 121 AD, reports a political slogan that someone wrote on a wall in Rome: <poem> ""Nero, Orestes, Alcmeon their mothers slew. A calculation new. Nero his mother slew"" </poem> which appears to be another example. In Greek, Νερων, Nero, has the numerical value 50+5+100+800+50=1005, the same value as (idian metera apekteine)—""He killed his own mother"", (10+4+10+1+50) + (40+8+300+5+100+1) + (1+80+5+20+300+5+10+50+5). A famous example is 666 in the Biblical Book of Revelation (13:18): ""Let him that hath understanding count the"
"four-and-a-half inch long rod, each disc containing the 26 letters of the Roman alphabet in scrambled order around its circumference (with the exception of the 17th disc, which began with the letters ""ARMY OF THE US""). Each wheel had a different arrangement of the alphabet, and was stamped with an identifying number and letter; wheels were identified according to the letter following ""A"" on that wheel, from ""B 1"" to ""Z 25"". The wheels could be assembled on the rod in any order; the ordering used during encoding comprised the key. There were ""25! (25 factorial) = 15,511,210,043,330,985,984,000,000"" (more than"
"The numeral system is called the Roman numeral system; and the collection of the elements, Roman numerals. The numbers 1, 2, 3 ... are Latin/Roman script numbers for the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The letter was the western form of the Greek gamma, but it was used for the sounds and alike, possibly under the influence of Etruscan, which might have lacked any voiced plosives. Later, probably during the 3rd century BC, the letter – unneeded to write Latin properly – was replaced with the new letter , a modified with a small vertical stroke, which took its place in the"
"the root note ""C""; the word ""Major"" indicates that a major chord is built on this ""C"" note. In rock and blues, musicians also often refer to chord progressions using Roman numerals, as this facilitates transposing a song to a new key. For example, rock and blues musicians often think of the 12 bar blues as consisting of I, IV and V chords. Thus a simple version of the 12-bar blues might be expressed as I/I/I/I IV/IV/I/I/V/IV/I/I. By thinking of this blues progression in Roman numerals, a backup band or rhythm section could be instructed by a bandleader to do"
"oxidation number of cations which can take on several different positive charges. They are also used for naming phases of polymorphic crystals, such as ice. In education, school grades (in the sense of year-groups rather than test scores) are sometimes referred to by a Roman numeral; for example, ""grade IX"" is sometimes seen for ""grade 9"". In entomology, the broods of the thirteen and seventeen year periodical cicadas are identified by Roman numerals. In advanced mathematics (including trigonometry, statistics, and calculus), when a graph includes negative numbers, its quadrants are named using , , , and . These quadrant names"
"C is the note C. The tonic is often confused with the root, which is the reference note of a chord, rather than that of the scale. Most chords (e.g., ii, IV, V) are not tonic chords. The tonic chord is represented with the Roman numeral I (if major) or i (if minor). The other types of chords are given different Roman numerals, such as (in a major key) ii for the chord built on the second scale degree, IV for the chord built on the fourth scale degree, V for the chord built on the fifth scale degree, and"
"E, F, G, A, B), the first scale degree (Tonic) is C, the fourth (Subdominant) is F, and the fifth (Dominant) is a G. So the I, IV, and V chords are C, F, and G. In the same progression in the key of A (A, B, C, D, E, F, G), the I, IV, and V chords would be A, D, and E. Roman numerals thus abstract chord progressions, making them independent of the key, so can easily be transposed. Roman numeral analysis is the use of Roman numeral symbols in the musical analysis of chords. In music theory"
"and SPARS decided to re-endorse the SPARS code in 1995. The three letters of the code have the following meanings: There are five types: Since CD is a digital medium, it must be produced from a digital master—therefore the last letter of the code will always be D. Newer LPs stored the music in analog format, yet they were often labeled as DDD, as the recording and mixing/editing were both digital. As digital tape recorders only became widely available in the late 1970s, almost all recordings prior to this date that appear on CD will be AAD or ADD—having been"
"The references to Zwölf and December denote the month in which it the disc was recorded (December 31, 1999). The imprint -20'00""- on the disc itself may refer to the actual length of the track rather than being a title. A speculated reason that Coil used their alias band name ELpH for this release, is that the German word for eleven is 'elf', and is a homophone with ELpH, while 'zwölf' means twelve in German, and the CD was the twelfth release of the series. The series was also released in Germany in an edition of 1,000 copies. The CD"