"The ibexes do not appear to suffer any ill effects from consuming a plant so rich in toxic alkaloids, which fact (even allowing for the decrease in the plant's toxicity in the month of September) highlights the widely varying susceptibility of different vertebrate species to the poisons involved. (Compare cases of human poisoning by the closely related ""Atropa belladonna"" – in which as few as two ripe berries have led to the death of a child. There has been no research to date into the role of the Spanish ibex as a dispersal vector (through its droppings) of ""Atropa baetica"""
"from ""Atropa baetica"", of which the most abundant are atropine and scopolamine – alkaloids of frequent occurrence in toxic Solanaceous plants (notably in tribes Hyoscyameae and Datureae)) with a history of employment as analgesics, anaesthetics and hallucinogens in traditional medicine. The authority for the binomial name ""Atropa baetica"" is the eminent German botanist and pioneering plant-hunter in Spain Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821–1895), who published it in 1852 in the German (language) Linnaea (journal)(Berlin, 1826–1882) (see also Polish Wikipedia page ""Linnaea (czasopismo)"" ). The common name 'belladonna de Andalucia' (Andalusian belladonna) is a botanical/horticultural coinage, being essentially a translation of the"
"Sierra de Maria-Los Velez Natural Park, Province of Almeria In addition to its former use in modern medicine as a source of alkaloidal drugs (discontinued, due to conservation concerns over the rarity of the species), Atropa baetica has interesting uses in the traditional medicine of Morocco. One of the Moroccan Arabic names for both ""Atropa baetica"" and ""A. belladonna"" is ""ḥabb el-fahm"" meaning 'seed of intelligence/understanding'. One author maintains this to be due to a confusion (due to a similarity between certain Moroccan names of the plants in question) with ""Anacardium occidentale"" L., but this is belied by an ethnobotanical"
"Latin binomial, placing the plant in relation to its notorious sister species, ""A. belladonna"" (a much commoner and far more widespread species, found in nearly all of Europe). By contrast, the most widely used common name for ""Atropa baetica"" in Spanish – ""tabaco gordo"" i.e. 'stout/big tobacco' – places the plant in relation, not to the one other species of ""Atropa"" found in Spain, but to plants belonging to a different genus of the family Solanaceae – namely ""Nicotiana"". This is also true of most, if not all, of the other common names recorded for ""A. baetica"" in Spain of"
"native only on calcareous soils, on disturbed ground, field margins, hedgerows and open woodland. More widespread as an alien, it is often a relic of cultivation as a medicinal herb. Seed is spread mainly by birds. It is naturalized in parts of North America, where it is often found in shady, moist locations with limestone-rich soils. It is considered a weed species in parts of the world, where it colonizes areas with disturbed soils. ""Atropa belladonna"" is rarely used in gardens, but, when grown, it is usually for its large upright habit and showy berries. Germination of the small seeds"
"by human activity: in 1936, local gatherers of medicinal plants gathered ripe berries from plants in the area and sowed the seed in various localities in the Serrania in an attempt to replace the plants that they were harvesting and thus ensure the feasibility of future harvests of mature plants. ""Atropa baetica"" is most easily distinguished from ""A. belladonna"" when the plants are in flower and fruit: not only are the open, cup-like, yellow corollas of the former more ornamental than the sombre, purple bells of the latter, but they also offer a more pleasing contrast with the glossy black"
"Arctium lappa Arctium lappa, commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America, Australia, and other regions. Greater burdock is a biennial plant, rather tall, reaching as much as . It has large, alternating, cordiform leaves that have a long petiole and are pubescent on the underside. The flowers are purple and grouped in globular capitula, united in clusters. They appear in"
"principles present in the notoriously toxic nightshades ""Hyoscyamus niger"" and ""Atropa belladonna"" and causing mydriasis - a symptom said also to be caused by the alkaloids present in ""Nicandra""). This property of the plant is reflected in one of the common names given it in France (namely ""belladonne de pays"" i.e. 'country belladonna') and likewise in the common name ""belladona"" given it in Bolivia. It is not yet known whether this mild psychoactivity is referable to the alkaloid content or the withanolide content (or possibly to both - or indeed a synergy between the two). Like its more toxic relatives,"
"polyacetylenes and bitter guaianolide-type constituents. Seeds contain arctigenin, arctiin, and butyrolactone lignans. Arctium lappa Arctium lappa, commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America, Australia, and other regions. Greater burdock is a biennial plant, rather tall, reaching as much as . It has large, alternating, cordiform leaves that have a long petiole and are pubescent on the underside. The flowers are"
"the cornels (""vrignàli""), the hawthorn prunellas (""trìnche"")], those medicinal valerian (""valleriàna""), angelic, gentian, gentianella, camomile (""cammumìlla""), hyssop (""isópu""), milfoil, the flowers dogrose (""rosa janàra""), hollyhock (""mmàrva""), althaea (""malvónu""), wild carnation, iris, cyclamen (""scocciapiàtti""), snowdrop, broom (""jnéstra""), poppy (""papàgnu""), daisy wheel, sweet violet (""viulètta""), primrose (""viòla iànca"")], those poisonous belladonna, hemlock, hellebore, equisetum (""córa de órba""), mistletoe (""viscògna"")]. Other plants of considerable diffusion are the red thorn (""spinapóce""), the masculine and feminine ferns, the elder (""sammùcu"") and the wild elder (""mùnnegliu""), the rush (""jùncu""), the euphorbia (""tutumàglia""), the ivy (""èllera""), the wild carrot, the mercurial grass (""èrva mercurèlla""), the ononis spinosa"
"Jatropha podagrica Jatropha podagrica is a species of plants known by several English common names, including Buddha belly plant, bottleplant shrub, gout plant, purging-nut, Guatemalan rhubarb, and goutystalk nettlespurge. It is native to the tropical Americas but it is propagated as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world. The stem is swollen into vasculum at the base and filled with thin sap. The plant bears bright red coral-like flowers throughout the year. All parts, especially the seeds, of the plant contain the toxic curcin, making it poisonous. ""Jatropha podagrica"" is also known for its incredible ability to attract"
"Magnolia × alba Magnolia"" × ""alba, also known as the white champaca, white sandalwood, or white jade orchid tree, is a flowering plant of hybrid origin that is commonly cultivated in Southeast Asia and tropical regions of East Asia. Although the exact origin is uncertain, it is considered to be a hybrid of ""Magnolia champaca"" and ""Magnolia montana"". The current name of the white champaca is derived from its local name in Indonesian, ""Cempaka Putih"". The white champaca is known by various names in English including ""pak lan"" in Hawaii. Horticultural trade names used in the United States include the"
"in the occurrence of ""A. montana"". Extensive agriculture has been replaced by intensive management. Arnica montana Arnica montana, also known as wolf's bane, leopard's bane, mountain tobacco and mountain arnica, is a moderately toxic ethnobotanical European flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is noted for its large yellow flower head. The names ""wolf's bane"" and ""leopard's bane"" are also used for another plant, aconitum, which is extremely poisonous. ""Arnica montana"" is used as an herbal medicine for analgesic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Clinical trials have produced mixed results. ""Arnica montana"" is a flowering plant about tall aromatic fragrant, perennial herb."
"unknown original meaning. The scientific name ""Hedera"" is the classical Latin name for the plant. Old regional common names in Britain, no longer used, include ""Bindwood"" and ""Lovestone"", for the way it clings and grows over stones and bricks. US Pacific Coast regional common names for ""H. canariensis"" include ""California ivy"" and ""Algerian ivy""; for ""H. helix"", regional common names include the generic ""English ivy"". The name ivy has also been used as a common name for a number of other unrelated plants, including Boston ivy (Japanese Creeper ""Parthenocissus tricuspidata"", in the family Vitaceae), Cape-ivy or German-ivy (""Delairea odorata"" in"
"and the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew. ""Aloidendron barberae"" (tree aloe) was first discovered by Barber, who was collecting plants in the former Transkei of South Africa. She sent specimens of the plant and its flowers to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, where in 1874 the specific epithet was given by William Turner Thiselton-Dyer (1843–1928) in her honor. Barber developed an interest in entomology while her husband was engaged in the ongoing guerilla warfare between the settlers and native Africans. With her brother, James Henry Bowker, she began documenting African moths and butterflies, and contacted entomologist Roland Trimen (1840–1916)"
"""belladonna"" (""beautiful woman"" in Italian) comes from the original use of deadly nightshade to dilate the pupils of the eyes for cosmetic effect. Both atropine and the genus name for deadly nightshade derive from Atropos, one of the three Fates who, according to Greek mythology, chose how a person was to die. Atropine Atropine is a medication to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate and to decrease saliva production during surgery. It is typically given intravenously or by injection into a muscle. Eye drops are also available which"
"northern Algeria. ""A. baetica"" x ""A. belladonna"" – ""A. x martiana"" Font Quer published in Cavallinesia 5: 156 (1932) In areas of Spain where ""A. baetica"" and ""A. belladonna"" grow together (either naturally as in the province of Jaén, or through the agency of humans, as in Cuenca and Madrid) populations of Atropa exist, the members of which are hard to assign to one species or the other, showing as they do features intermediate between the two. ""A x martiana"" was described from a plant found growing in the Botanic Garden of the Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona (now"
"a variety of butterflies wherever it is grown. Jatropha podagrica Jatropha podagrica is a species of plants known by several English common names, including Buddha belly plant, bottleplant shrub, gout plant, purging-nut, Guatemalan rhubarb, and goutystalk nettlespurge. It is native to the tropical Americas but it is propagated as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world. The stem is swollen into vasculum at the base and filled with thin sap. The plant bears bright red coral-like flowers throughout the year. All parts, especially the seeds, of the plant contain the toxic curcin, making it poisonous. ""Jatropha podagrica"" is"
"of which ""Atropa pallidiflora"" is a noteworthy element - it is worth mentioning that the name of the modern Iranian province of Golestan (which constitutes the easternmost portion of ancient Hyrcania) has the delightful meanings of 'Rose Garden' and 'Land of Flowers'. Unusually for an ""Atropa"" species, ""A. pallidiflora"" is a shrub ('frutex' in the Latin description given in Flora Iranica - of which the following is a translation). Height 120–200 cm. Vegetative parts glabrous. Lower stems, in flowering part, more or less bent in zigzag fashion. Largest of lower leaves to 15.5 x 7.5 cm, ovate-lanceolate, widest at base,"
"of life / bringer of death - in reference to the extreme toxicity of ""A.belladonna"" and its fellow species - of which three others are currently accepted. In some older classifications, the mandrake (""Mandragora officinarum"") has been placed in the genus ""Atropa"", under the binomial ""Atropa mandragora"". The genus ""Atropa"" is currently under review, so changes in nomenclature are likely, once said review is complete. It will be seen from the above that there is an overlap in the respective distributions of ""A. acuminata"", ""A. komarovii"" and ""A. pallidiflora"" in the lush Hyrcanian forests of Northern Iran, and it is"
"later in the same work (ll. 901-906) they are said to have been born of Zeus and Themis. Atropos lends her name to the genus ""Atropa"", of which the poisonous plant ""Atropa belladonna"" (deadly nightshade) is a member, and to the alkaloid atropine, an anticholinergic drug which is derived from it. The scientific name of a venomous snake, ""Bitis atropos"", refers to Atropos. Atropos Atropos or Aisa (; ""without turn""), in Greek mythology, was one of the three Moirai, goddesses of fate and destiny. Her Roman equivalent was Morta. Atropos was the oldest of the Three Fates, and was known"
"Amaryllis belladonna Amaryllis belladonna, (Jersey lily, belladonna-lily, naked-lady-lily, March lily) is a plant species native to Cape Province in South Africa but widely cultivated as an ornamental. It is reportedly naturalized in many places: Corsica, Portugal, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Zaire, Ascension Island, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Chile, California, Texas, Louisiana, and the Juan Fernández Islands. Perennial bulbous geophyte with one to two erect solid stems which appear in late summer. The inflorescence bears 2–12 showy fragrant funnel-shaped flowers on a 'naked' (leafless) stem, which gives it the common name of naked-lady-lily. The"
"with the highest economical value in the order Caryophyllales. Therefore, the members of ""Beta"" and the related genus ""Patellifolia"" are interesting as Crop wild relatives. Beta (plant) Beta is a genus in the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae. The best known member is the common beet, ""Beta vulgaris"", but several other species are recognised. Almost all have common names containing the word ""beet"". Wild ""Beta"" species can be found throughout the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Mediterranean coastline, the Near East, and parts of Asia including India. This genus consists of annual, biennial, or perennial species, often with fleshy, thickened roots."
"Arnica montana Arnica montana, also known as wolf's bane, leopard's bane, mountain tobacco and mountain arnica, is a moderately toxic ethnobotanical European flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is noted for its large yellow flower head. The names ""wolf's bane"" and ""leopard's bane"" are also used for another plant, aconitum, which is extremely poisonous. ""Arnica montana"" is used as an herbal medicine for analgesic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Clinical trials have produced mixed results. ""Arnica montana"" is a flowering plant about tall aromatic fragrant, perennial herb. Its basal green ovate-cilitate leaves with rounded tips are bright coloured and level to"
"Beta (plant) Beta is a genus in the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae. The best known member is the common beet, ""Beta vulgaris"", but several other species are recognised. Almost all have common names containing the word ""beet"". Wild ""Beta"" species can be found throughout the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Mediterranean coastline, the Near East, and parts of Asia including India. This genus consists of annual, biennial, or perennial species, often with fleshy, thickened roots. The stems grow erect or procumbent. The alternate leaves are petiolate or sessile, with ovate-cordate to rhombic-cuneate leaf blades, their margins mostly entire, with obtuse"
"metres, with a broad bottle-shaped trunk. Its trunk base may be extremely large; trunks with a diameter of over five metres have been recorded. ""A. gregorii"" is deciduous, losing its leaves during the dry winter period and producing new leaves and large white flowers between December and May. The common name ""boab"" is a shortened form of the generic common name ""baobab"". Although boab is the most widely recognised common name, ""Adansonia gregorii"" has a number of other common names, including: The specific name ""gregorii"" honours the Australian explorer Augustus Gregory. The plant has a wide variety of uses; most"
"Alfalfa Alfalfa (), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin in the same family), especially while young, when trifoliate leaves comprising round"
"of cognitive capacities, such as memory and learning. Belladonna cultivation is legal in Southern and Eastern Europe, Pakistan, North America, and Brazil. All parts of the belladonna plant can be cultivated, bought, kept, and distributed (sold, traded or given) without a legal license or medical prescription in the United States. Sales of belladonna in the United States conform to US supplement laws or are regulated by the FDA. Belladonna leaves and roots can be bought with a medical prescription in pharmacies throughout Germany. The common name ""belladonna"" originates from its historic use by women, as ""bella donna"" is Italian for"
"– like that of ""Atropa baetica"". While the smoking of cigarettes containing the dried leaves of Atropa species for the purpose of relieving asthma symptoms is well documented in the history of modern medicine, the practice of smoking Atropa leaves as a recreational drug in the period predating the upsurge of interest in such drugs among the Beat Generation of the 1950s and in the hippie subculture of the 1960s is neither well-known nor well-researched. That the tobacco-related common names for ""Atropa baetica"" in Spanish cited above demonstrate that the plant really has been smoked as a tobacco substitute in"
"Cardiospermum halicacabum Cardiospermum halicacabum, known as the balloon plant or love in a puff, is a climbing plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. Often found as a weed along roads and rivers, it has been examined for antidiarrhoeal as well as homoeopathic medicinal properties. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that other common names were ""Broad-leaved Apple"" and that the Indigenous people of the Rockhampton areas referred to it as ""barro"" while those of Cloncurry River area in Northern Queensland referred to it as ""Go-onje or Gunthamarra"". Rev J. E. Tenison-Woods also"
"Canada in North America, and Tunisia in Africa where the highest species diversity occurs. All species of ""Datura"" are poisonous, especially their seeds and flowers. Some South American plants formerly thought of as ""Datura"" are now treated as belonging to the distinct genus ""Brugmansia"" (""Brugmansia"" differs from ""Datura"" in that it is woody, making shrubs or small trees, and it has pendulous flowers, rather than erect ones). Other related taxa include ""Hyoscyamus niger"", ""Atropa belladonna"", ""Mandragora officinarum"", Physalis, and many more. The name ""Datura"" is taken from Sanskrit धतूरा ' 'thorn-apple', ultimately from Sanskrit धत्तूर ' 'white thorn-apple' (referring to"
"Atropa Atropa is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae : tall, calcicole, herbaceous perennials (rhizomatous hemicryptophytes), bearing large leaves and glossy berries particularly dangerous to children, due to their combination of an attractive, cherry-like appearance with a high toxicity. Atropa species favour temperate climates and alkaline soils, often growing in light shade in woodland environments associated with limestone hills and mountains. Their seeds can remain viable in the soil for long periods, germinating when the soil of sites in which plants once grew (but from which plants have long been absent) is disturbed by human activity"
"with the following: Refer to for the most current information and details. Alfalfa Alfalfa (), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin"