"(""Epistle to Sir Harry Bourchier"", c. 1625) and Thomas Fuller (""Worthies of England,"" 1662). It is also indicated in details in the early texts of Shakespeare's plays. In the quarto text of ""Henry IV, Part 2"" (1600), one of Falstaff's speech prefixes in Act I, Scene ii is mistakenly left uncorrected, ""Old."" instead of ""Falst."" In III,ii,25-6 of the same play, Falstaff is said to have been a ""page to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk"" — which was true of the historical Oldcastle. In ""Henry IV, Part 1"", I,ii,42, Prince Hal calls Falstaff ""my old lad of the castle."" Iambic"
"Sir John Oldcastle Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-15th century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. The play was originally published anonymously in 1600 (Q1), printed by Valentine Simmes for the bookseller Thomas Pavier. In 1619, a new edition (Q2) carried an attribution to William Shakespeare. The Diary of Philip Henslowe records that the play was written by Anthony Munday, Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye and Robert Wilson. (An entry in Henslowe's Diary records a later payment to Drayton for a second part to the"
"The later scenes are devoted to Rochester's pursuit of Oldcastle and his wife, and their escapes; the play ends on a temporary positive note, with the Oldcastles evading imprisonment. (Presumably, the lost second half of the play would have had the inevitable grimmer ending of Oldcastle's grisly death.) Sir John Oldcastle Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-15th century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. The play was originally published anonymously in 1600 (Q1), printed by Valentine Simmes for the bookseller Thomas Pavier. In 1619,"
"family. The bulk of Sir John's fortune passed to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he is remembered as a benefactor, and where there is a Fastolf Society. Fastolf appears in Shakespeare's early play Henry VI, part 1 as a cowardly knight who abandons the heroic Lord Talbot. In the first two folios the name of the character is given as 'Falstaffe' not Fastolf. When Shakespeare came to write Henry IV, part 1, set in the early years of Fastolf's career, he created a disreputable boon companion for the young Prince Hal called Sir John Oldcastle. The descendants of the real Oldcastle"
"Shakespeare's portrayal; the story of Oldcastle was a popular one and telling the tale from the ""Papist"" perspective (while acknowledging that perhaps this was a perspective with which Shakespeare already had some affinity) was an effective and familiar way to bring it to his audience. A direct explanation, however, comes from the facts of the story in the contemporary accounts of the period; Prince Henry had left his dear friend Oldcastle to his fate after he had failed to persuade the stubborn old knight to recant when he was imprisoned for lollardry. Archdeacon Richard Davies, a 17th-century Anglican cleric, wrote"
"original composition; Prince Hal refers to Falstaff as ""my old lad of the castle"" in the first act of the play; the epilogue to ""Henry IV, Part 2"", moreover, explicitly disavows any connection between Falstaff and Oldcastle: ""Oldcastle died a martyr, and this is not the man."" The historical Oldcastle was a Lollard who was executed for heresy and rebellion, and he was respected by many Protestants as a martyr. In addition to the anonymous ""The Famous Victories of Henry V"", in which Oldcastle is Henry V's companion, Oldcastle's history is described in Raphael Holinshed's ""Chronicles"", Shakespeare's usual source for"
"play, which has not survived; because of this fact, the extant play has sometimes been called ""Sir John Oldcastle, Part I"" or ""1 Sir John Oldcastle."") In 1664, the play was one of the seven dramas added to the second impression of the Shakespeare Third Folio by publisher Philip Chetwinde. Like other subjects of Elizabethan history plays, Sir John Oldcastle was an actual person, a soldier and Lollard dissenter who was hanged and burned for heresy and treason in 1417 — thus earning himself a place in the seminal text of the Protestant Reformation in Tudor England, John Foxe's ""Book"
"complained, so the name was changed to Sir John Falstaff, under which name he is identified in three later plays. The tradition of Fastolf's braggart cowardice may have suggested the use of his name. Some writers have also suggested that Fastolf favoured Lollardy, which was also associated with Oldcastle, so this circumstance may have aided the adoption of the name. Stephen Cooper considers that there is in fact no evidence that Fastolf was a Lollard, and substantial indications that he was in fact Catholic like his one-time master Henry V. Other points of resemblance between the historic Fastolf and the"
"of Fines (property transaction records). There is an entry for it in Samuel Lewis' ""Topographical Dictionary of England"" of 1848. The Church of England parish church of St Mary is largely 14-century and is a Grade I listed building. Almeley is notable as the birthplace of Sir John Oldcastle, a Lollard sympathizer who was eventually executed for treason in 1417; he is presumed to be the basis for Shakespeare's character of Falstaff. One of the early Quaker meeting houses is in Almeley Wootton, a hamlet in the parish about north of Almeley village. It was given to the Quakers in"
"that the character was loosely based on a friend of his father’s, one George Constable, a retired lawyer who lived at a country house called Wallace-Craigie, near Dundee. Scott first got to know him when only six years old, and for the first time learned from Constable about Falstaff, Hotspur and other characters from Shakespeare. Scott’s biographer Hesketh Pearson attributes to this the fact that ""The Antiquary"" contains more quotations from and allusions to Shakespeare than any other of his novels. The resemblance between the real and fictional characters was detected by a friend of Constable and of Scott’s father,"
"principal fictional character is Sir John Falstaff, though he was originally given the name of the historical Sir John Oldcastle. His followers Bardolph, Nym and Pistol also recur, along with Mistress Quickly, the hostess of the Boar's Head Inn, where they meet. Hal's friend Ned Poins appears in both ""Henry IV"" plays. Minor characters such as petty-criminal Peto and bartender Francis also recur. Henriad Henriad is a common title used by scholars for Shakespeare's second historical tetralogy, comprising ""Richard II""; ""Henry IV, Part 1""; ""Henry IV, Part 2""; and ""Henry V"". The plays depict the destabilising effects of the violation"
"they were a little marked by the peculiarities of an old bachelor; a soundness of thought rendered more forcible by an occasional quaintness of expression, were, the Author avers, the only qualities in which the creature of his imagination resembled his benevolent and excellent old friend. George Gleig, one of Scott's early biographers, was certain that another model for Oldbuck was a Highlander called John Ramsay of Ochtertyre, whom Scott knew for many years. Ramsay was a keen collector of Roman and prehistoric antiquities, and was an authority on Scottish traditions concerning the Jacobite rebellion of 1745–6. However Ramsay, like"
"of the prodigal son adapted to the politics of medieval England. The low proportion of scenes featuring the title character, the king, has also been noted, with some authors suggesting that the play contrasts the authority of Henry IV, and his struggle to stay in control of the situation, with the chaotic forces of the rebels and Falstaff. ""Henry IV, Part 1"" caused controversy on its first performances in 1597, because the comic character now known as ""Falstaff"" was originally named ""Oldcastle"" and was based on John Oldcastle, a famous proto-Protestant martyr with powerful living descendants in England. Although the"
"was eventually widely accepted into the Shakespearean canon. The quartos of ""Pericles"" (1609 and 1611), ""The London Prodigal"" (1605) and ""A Yorkshire Tragedy"" (1608) were all attributed to William Shakespeare on their front pages. The quartos of ""Locrine"" (1595), ""The Puritan"" (1607) and ""Thomas Lord Cromwell"" (1602 and 1613) were attributed to W. S. on their title pages, but Shakespeare was not the only playwright with those initials; Wentworth Smith has been put forward as another possible author of these works. ""Sir John Oldcastle"" was printed in 1619, three years after Shakespeare's death, as part of the False Folio. It"
"His brother George was executed, and Henry was imprisoned in the Tower of London by James I, probably in an attempt to obtain the Cobham estates for the Duke of Lennox. He was the second husband of Lady Frances Howard, daughter of Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham and Katherine Carey, Countess of Nottingham. He may have been the subject of a number of Elizabethan satires such as Thomas Nashe's ""Lenten Stuffe"", Ben Jonson's ""Every Man in his Humour"", and may have been the model of Shakespeare's Falstaff, who was originally given the name ""Oldcastle"". Sir John Oldcastle was an"
"Henry Chettle or another one of his fellow writers, hoping to capitalise on a lurid tale of death-bed repentance. Hanspeter Born argues that Greene wrote the whole of ""Groatsworth"", and that his deathbed attack on the ""upstart Crow"" was provoked by Shakespeare's interference with a play attributed to Greene, ""A Knack to Know a Knave"". Greene's colourful and irresponsible character has led some, including Stephen Greenblatt, to speculate that Greene may have served as the model for Shakespeare's Falstaff. His quotation has also been used as the title for the 2016 sitcom ""Upstart Crow"" on Shakespeare's life, written by Ben"
"the 7th Earl of Shrewsbury ejected him, and the Fitzherberts recovered the property. Topcliffe died in November or December 1604 at the age of about 73. His heir, Charles, succeeded to a heavily encumbered estate. Like Walsingham, Topcliffe impoverished himself by his service to the crown. Richard Topcliffe was portrayed by Brian Wilde in the 1971 British television mini-series ""Elizabeth R"". Topcliffe is featured in Rory Clements' ""John Shakespeare"" murder mystery novel series as a sadistic torturer. Topcliffe is also portrayed as a torturer and persecutor of Catholics in the Sir Robert Carey and James Enys novels by P.F. Chisholm/Patricia"
"Falstaff Sir John Falstaff is a fictional character who is mentioned in four plays by William Shakespeare and appears on stage in three of them. His significance as a fully developed character in Shakespeare is primarily formed in the plays ""Henry IV, Part 1"" and ""Part 2"", where he is a companion to Prince Hal, the future King Henry V. A notable eulogy for Falstaff is presented in Act II, Scene III of ""Henry V"", where Falstaff does not appear as a character on stage, as enacted by Mistress Quickly in terms that some scholars have ascribed to Plato's description"
"""not Antony"" could mean ""when Antony is dressed as Cleopatra."" If Shakespeare had indeed intended for Antony to crossdress, it would have drawn even more similarities between Antony and Hercules, a comparison that many scholars have noted many times before. Hercules (who is said to be an ancestor of Antony) was forced to wear Queen Omphale's clothing while he was her indentured servant. The Omphale myth is an exploration of gender roles in Greek society. Shakespeare might have paid homage to this myth as a way of exploring gender roles in his own. However, it has been noted that, while"
"character is called Falstaff in all surviving texts of the play, there is abundant external and internal evidence that he was originally called Oldcastle. The change of names is mentioned in seventeenth-century works by Richard James (""Epistle to Sir Harry Bourchier"", c. 1625) and Thomas Fuller (""Worthies of England,"" 1662). It is also indicated in details in the early texts of Shakespeare's plays. In the quarto text of ""Henry IV, Part 2"" (1600), one of Falstaff's speech prefixes in Act I, Scene ii is mistakenly left uncorrected, ""Old."" instead of ""Falst."" In III, ii, 25-6 of the same play, Falstaff"
"wise and cautious during the days of his adversity"". Events in the life of Sir Edmund Mortimer, uncle of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, were dramatized by Shakespeare in ""Henry IV, Part 1"". In the play Shakespeare accurately identifies Sir Edmund Mortimer as Hotspur's brother-in-law, but simultaneously conflates him with his nephew by referring to him as 'Earl of March'. The Southampton Plot is dramatized in Shakespeare's play ""Henry V"" (Act II Scene II). But its intent is misstated, and Mortimer's role in exposing it and condemning the plotters is completely omitted. Edmund Mortimer also appears in ""Henry VI,"
"view that Scott was one of the finest drawers of character ever to have lived. Jonathan Oldbuck Jonathan Oldbuck is the leading character in Sir Walter Scott's 1816 novel ""The Antiquary"". In accordance with Scottish custom he is often addressed by the name of his house, Monkbarns. He is devoted to the study and collection of old coins, books and archaeological relics, and has a marked tendency to misogyny due to disappointment in an early love affair. His characteristics have been traced back to several men known to Scott, and to the author himself, an enthusiastic antiquary. Many critics have"
"Sherry that was at the docks waiting to be loaded for ships to South America. The wine that Drake brought back to England only increased the English esteem and thirst for Sherry. William Shakespeare characterized the English's love for ""sack"" with his character of Sir John Falstaff who most famously noted in Henry IV, Part 2 that """"If I had a thousand sons, the first humane principle I would teach them should be, to forswear thin potations and to addict themselves to sack."""" However the Sherry in Falstaff's day was not as strong as it is today because it had"
"would erect to this supremacy."" The play offers an alternative to the feudal-Machiavellian polarity, an alternative foreshadowed in France's speech (I.1.245–256), in Lear and Gloucester's prayers (III.4. 28–36; IV.1.61–66), and in the figure of Cordelia. Until the decent society is achieved, we are meant to take as role-model (though qualified by Shakespearean ironies) Edgar, ""the machiavel of goodness"", endurance, courage and ""ripeness"". The play also contains references to disputes between King James I and Parliament. In the 1604 elections to the House of Commons, Sir John Fortescue, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, was defeated by a member of the Buckinghamshire"
"ancestor of Lord Cobham. Though Falstaff is more likely modelled on his father William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham (also descended from John Oldcastle) who was married to Frances Newton, whose family name was originally Caradock; referenced in 2 ""Henry IV"" when Falstaff sings ""The Boy and the Mantle,"" a ballad in which Sir Caradoc's wife comes away with her fidelity and reputation intact (McKeen 1981). This could point to William Brooke, being married to a Caradock such as the Sir Cacadoc in the ballad sung by Falstaff, as the model for Falstaff rather than Henry, being the son of a"
"author and wit George Etherege (Tom Hollander) in the 2004 film ""The Libertine"", an adaptation of Stephen Jeffreys' play of the same name, which depicts the Earl of Rochester and the orbit of the ""Merry Gang"". Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset and 1st Earl of Middlesex, KG (24 January 1643 – 29 January 1706) was an English poet and courtier. Sackville was born 24 January 1643, son of Richard Sackville, 5th Earl of Dorset (1622–1677). His mother was the former Lady Frances Cranfield, sister and heiress of the 3rd Earl of Middlesex, to"
"He is the subject of a novel by Robert Nye entitled ""Falstaff"" (Publisher: Allison & Busby; New Ed edition (1 Oct 2001)) Fastolf is also an opponent in Ensemble Studios , in the game's Joan of Arc campaign. Fastolf fights on England's side and his unit is a lance-wielding knight. <br> John Fastolf Sir John Fastolf (1380 – 5 November 1459) was an English knight who fought in the Hundred Years' War. He has enjoyed a more lasting reputation as the prototype, in some part, of Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff. Many historians consider, however, that he deserves to be"
"tradition. Other figures appear within the work because of their connection to the Newgate tradition, including William Hogarth. Hogarth is particularly involved because of his ""Industry and Idleness"" (1747), a series of illustrations that depict the London underworld. Sheppard's rival Jonathan Wild was also a real criminal, and the character is based on the same character that was used in fiction during the 18th century, including Henry Fielding's ""The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great"". Like Hogarth's prints, the novel pairs the descent into crime of the ""idle"" apprentice with the rise of typical melodramatic character Thomas Darrell,"
"space as the human characters, rather than being restricted in the traditional playboard sense seen in such earlier plays as ""Woyzeck on the Highveld"". The puppeteers thought it difficult, though, to conceive of their being represented by human characters. Brutus, who speaks in verse, fills the role of Ubu's vicious henchman, stealing away with him to carry out atrocities: ""Their culpability is indivisible."" Each of its heads had its own character: one was a foot soldier, the other a general and the last a politician. The body was created out of an old briefcase given Sir Sydney Kentridge (William's activist-lawyer"
"knowledge. However, other than the thick glasses, loud clothes, and Green's habit of disappearing into a crowd, there were too many dissimilarities between the loquacious Green and the reticent Smiley to make this a clear match, and so other sources for Smiley continued to be named. It has been suggested that le Carré subconsciously took the name of his hero from special forces and intelligence officer Colonel David de Crespigny Smiley. More commonly, it was rumoured that Smiley was modelled on Sir Maurice Oldfield, a former head of British Intelligence, who physically resembled him. Le Carré denied the rumours, citing"
"to govern England under the King's brother, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, during the King's absence in France, with special responsibility for the Scottish Marches. In the first quarto text of the play, the foregoing lines are assigned to the Earl of Warwick. It has been claimed by Brenda James and Professor William Rubinstein that Neville's great-great-great-grandson Sir Henry Neville wrote the works of William Shakespeare. Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (c. 1364 – 21 October 1425), was an English nobleman of the House of Neville. Ralph Neville was born about"
"undertaken by Church and state which drove Lollardy underground. One such measure was the 1410 burning at the stake of John Badby, a layman and craftsman who refused to renounce his Lollardy. He was the first layman to suffer capital punishment in England for the crime of heresy. John Oldcastle, a close friend of Henry V of England and the basis for Falstaff in the Shakespearean history ""Henry IV, Part 1"", was brought to trial in 1413 after evidence of his Lollard beliefs was uncovered. Oldcastle escaped from the Tower of London and organized an insurrection, which included an attempted"
"Constable, by no means shared Oldbuck's contempt for “womankind”. W. S. Crockett asserted that another figure behind the fictional Oldbuck was Alexander Gordon (1692?–1755), whose ""Itinerarium Septentrionale… Containing an Account of all the Monuments of Roman Antiquity [and] of the Danish Invasions on Scotland"" was much admired in its day, not least by Jonathan Oldbuck himself, who carries a prized copy of it home at the opening of the novel and goes on to quote his opinions approvingly in later chapters. Scott's son-in-law and biographer J. G. Lockhart suggested that yet another model could be found in the character of"