"forces in the Stalingrad region. During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organization, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack. The operation was code-named ""Uranus"" and launched in conjunction with Operation Mars, which was directed at Army Group Center. The plan was similar to the one Zhukov had used to achieve victory at Khalkhin Gol three years before, where he had sprung a double envelopment and destroyed the 23rd Division of the Japanese army. On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus. The"
"Alexander Yegorov (soldier) Alexander Ilyich Yegorov or Egorov (, ""Alexandr Iljič Jegorov"") ( – February 23, 1939), was a Soviet military leader during the Russian Civil War, when he commanded the Red Army's Southern Front and played an important part in defeating the White forces in Ukraine. In 1920 Yegorov was one of the Red Army commanders during the Polish-Soviet War. In this campaign he was a close colleague of Stalin and of Semyon Budyonny. Yegorov was born into a peasant family near Samara in central Russia. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1902 and qualified as"
"Nikolay Voronov Nikolay Nikolayevich Voronov (; born in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire; died 28 February 1968, in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet military leader, chief marshal of the artillery (1944), and Hero of the Soviet Union (7 May 1965). He was commander of artillery forces of the Red Army from 1941 until 1950. Voronov commanded the Soviet artillery during the Battle of Stalingrad and was the Stavka representative to various fronts during the Siege of Leningrad and the Battle of Kursk. He also fought in the Russian Civil War, the Polish-Soviet War and the Battle of Khalkin Gol, as"
"also received the following foreign awards: Nikolay Voronov is interred in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis at the Red Square. Voronov's promotion dates were as follows: Nikolay Voronov Nikolay Nikolayevich Voronov (; born in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire; died 28 February 1968, in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet military leader, chief marshal of the artillery (1944), and Hero of the Soviet Union (7 May 1965). He was commander of artillery forces of the Red Army from 1941 until 1950. Voronov commanded the Soviet artillery during the Battle of Stalingrad and was the Stavka representative to various fronts during the Siege"
"Stalingrad Front The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River. By order of the ""Stavka"" on July 12, 1942, Stalingrad Front was formed, under the command of Marshal S.K. Timoshenko, with N.S. Khrushchev as member of the Military Council and Gen. P.I. Bodin as chief of staff. Ostensibly this was simply a renaming of the now-dissolved Southwestern Front, but in fact was"
"Alexander Kazankin Alexander Fyodorovich Kazankin (; 15 April 1900 – 20 March 1955) was a Red Army Lieutenant general who commanded the Soviet airborne. He fought in the Russian Civil War and graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1934. Kazankin led the 4th Airborne Corps during the Vyazma airborne operation. He later commanded the 1st Guards Airborne Division, 16th Guards Airborne Division, 12th Guards Rifle Corps and 39th Guards Rifle Corps. Kazankin became the Soviet airborne commander in October 1947, but was demoted to deputy commander in December 1948. After briefly becoming airborne forces commander again between January and"
"the Red Army on 29 January 1943, where he was interrogated by Captain Nikolay Dyatlenko. Alexander Edler von Daniels Alexander Edler von Daniels (17 March 1891 – 6 January 1960) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who fought in the Battle of Stalingrad. Daniels commanded the 376th Infantry Division at Stalingrad, which was part of XI Corps of the German Sixth Army. In late December 1942, after Operation Uranus encircled the Sixth Army, Daniels was promoted to Generalleutnant and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Daniels surrendered himself and his division to Col."
"1959. On 9 May 1961, Tutarinov was promoted to Colonel general and was appointed commander of the Urals Military District in July. In 1962, Tutarinov was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. In September 1965, Tutarinov became a representative of the Warsaw Pact Supreme Command to the Hungarian People's Army, with which he coordinated parts of Operation Danube. In September 1972, Tutarinov retired. He died in Moscow on 19 June 1978. Ivan Tutarinov Ivan Vasilyevich Tutarinov (Russian: Иван Васильевич Тутаринов; 19 June 1904 – 19 June 1978) was a Red Army Colonel general who commanded the"
"built up a large number of artillery batteries on the east bank of the Volga. This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire. Snipers on both sides used the ruins to inflict casualties. The most famous Soviet sniper in Stalingrad was Vasily Zaytsev, with 225 confirmed kills during the battle. Targets were often soldiers bringing up food or water to forward positions. Artillery spotters were an especially prized target for snipers. A significant historical debate concerns the degree of terror in the Red Army. The British historian Antony Beevor noted the ""sinister"" message"
"to its starting position. Due to the failure of the 6th Army to break out from the Soviet encirclement, the Red Army was able to continue the strangulation of German forces in Stalingrad. On 23 November 1942, the Red Army closed its encirclement of Axis forces in Stalingrad. Nearly 300,000 German and Romanian soldiers, as well as Russian volunteers for the ""Wehrmacht"", were trapped in and around the city of Stalingrad by roughly 1.1 million Soviet personnel. Amidst the impending disaster, German chancellor Adolf Hitler appointed Field Marshal Erich von Manstein as commander of the newly created Army Group Don."
"Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov (), born with the surname ""Zhidov"" (), was a Soviet military officer in the Red Army, who during World War II commanded the 66th Army, later renamed the 5th Guards Army, from the Battle of Stalingrad up till the end of the war. For his leadership of the army, Zhadov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Postwar, Zhadov commanded the Central Group of Forces and was deputy commander of the Soviet Ground Forces. Aleksey Zhadov was born on 30 March 1901 in the village of Nikolskoye in what is now Sverdlovsk"
"Grigory Kulik Grigory Ivanovich Kulik () (9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union. Kulik was born into a peasant family near Poltava in Ukraine. A soldier in the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he joined the Bolshevik Party in 1917 and the Red Army in 1918. During the Russian Civil War he became a commander in the Soviet artillery at Tsaritsyn and other battles. In 1937 Kulik became head of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate, and remained commander of the Soviet artillery forces until"
"the summer of 1942. After German air attacks, the 6th Army, led by Friedrich Paulus, was tasked with capturing Stalingrad, a key city on the River Volga. His troops, supported by 4th Panzer Army, entered the city on 12 September. Hand-to-hand combat and street fighting ensued. The Red Army launched a huge counteroffensive on 19 November, codenamed Operation Uranus, which was designed to encircle the German armies and trap them in the city; this goal was accomplished on 23 November. Hitler, aware that if Stalingrad were lost it would likely never be retaken, appointed Manstein as commander of the newly"
"defeat. Stavka decided, however, that Alexei Vinogradov, his chief of staff Colonel Volkov and the chief of the political department Pahomov were responsible and to be executed. Alexei Vinogradov and the two staff members were executed by a firing squad in front of the surviving 44th Division members in Vazhenvaara on 11 January 1940. He was rehabilitated by a decision of the Leningrad Military District on 17 November 1990. Alexei Vinogradov Alexei Ivanovich Vinogradov (; 12 February 1899 – 11 January 1940) was a Soviet ""kombrig"" and the commander of the 44th Rifle Division. His unit took part in the"
"Aleksandr Vasilevsky Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevsky (30 September 1895 – 5 December 1977) was a Russian career officer in the Red Army who was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1943. He was the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces and Deputy Minister of Defense during World War II, as well as Minister of Defense from 1949 to 1953. As the Chief of the General Staff, Vasilevsky was responsible for planning and coordinating almost all decisive Soviet offensives in World War II, from the Stalingrad counteroffensive to the assault on East Prussia"
"the Red Army. On 12 July, a heavy artillery barrage marked the launching of the offensive. The armies of the Bryansk Front and the Western Front attacked along the north and north-east flanks of the 2nd Panzer Army. The Western Front assault was led by the 11th Guards Army under Lieutenant General Hovhannes Bagramyan, supported by the 1st and 5th Tank Corps. The Russians attacked with overwhelming numbers. Along one attack sector near Ulianovo, six Soviet rifle divisions attacked two German infantry regiments. At in depth, the German defensive lines were deeper than the Soviets expected. The Soviet spearheads sustained"
"2008 at the age of 70, just 3 days before his 71st birthday. Nikolai Vasilyevich Kalinin Nikolai Vasilyevich Kalinin (Russian: Николай Васильевич Калинин; 10 May 1937 – 7 March 2008) was a Red Army Colonel general. He commanded the Soviet airborne from August 1987 to January 1989, after which Kalinin became the commander of the Moscow Military District. In August 1991, he supported the coup d'état attempt and was relieved of command after the coup failed. After retiring in 1993, Kalinin died on 7 March 2008. Kalinin was born on 10 March 1937 in Malye Kurashki village in the Lyskovsky"
"Alexander Rodimtsev Alexander Ilich Rodimtsev (1905–1977, ) was a colonel-general in the Soviet Red Army during World War II and twice won the Hero of the Soviet Union award (in 1937 and 1945). Rodimtsev joined the Red Army in the 1920s. He fought in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Republicans against Francisco Franco in 1936-1937, where he earned his first decoration as a Hero of the Soviet Union. During the course of the Second World War, he is best remembered for his role in the Battle of Stalingrad, where he brilliantly commanded the 13th Guards Rifle"
"Nikolai Vasilyevich Kalinin Nikolai Vasilyevich Kalinin (Russian: Николай Васильевич Калинин; 10 May 1937 – 7 March 2008) was a Red Army Colonel general. He commanded the Soviet airborne from August 1987 to January 1989, after which Kalinin became the commander of the Moscow Military District. In August 1991, he supported the coup d'état attempt and was relieved of command after the coup failed. After retiring in 1993, Kalinin died on 7 March 2008. Kalinin was born on 10 March 1937 in Malye Kurashki village in the Lyskovsky District of Gorky Oblast. In 1958, Kalinin graduated from the Leningrad Suvrov Officer"
"Alexei Vinogradov Alexei Ivanovich Vinogradov (; 12 February 1899 – 11 January 1940) was a Soviet ""kombrig"" and the commander of the 44th Rifle Division. His unit took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland and the Winter War against the Finns. The unit perished in the Battle of Raate Road and Vinogradov was executed by the Soviet military for the failure. Alexei Vinogradov was born to an ethnic Russian family in the village of Zhiganovo in Tver Governorate. He started his military career as a private in the Red Army on the Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War"
"replaced Sergei Rudenko in command of the airborne troops from January to March 1950. In June 1950, Kazankin studied at the Military Academy of the General Staff, from which he graduated in June 1951. Afterwards, he became the inspector general of the airborne troops. He became the deputy inspector general in May 1953. On 20 March 1955, Kazankin died and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery. Alexander Kazankin Alexander Fyodorovich Kazankin (; 15 April 1900 – 20 March 1955) was a Red Army Lieutenant general who commanded the Soviet airborne. He fought in the Russian Civil War and graduated from the"
"Kliment Voroshilov Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (, ""Kliment Jefremovič Vorošilov""; , ""Klyment Okhrimovyč Vorošylov""), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (, ""Klim Vorošilov"") (4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet military officer and politician during the Stalin era. He was one of the original five Marshals of the Soviet Union (the highest military rank of the Soviet Union), along with Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Yegorov, and three senior commanders, Vasily Blyukher, Semyon Budyonny, and Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Voroshilov was born in the settlement of Verkhnyeye, Bakhmut uyezd, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire (now part"
"on March 17, when a Red Army ski detachment led by Osip Palkin reconnoitered the village's defenses. Stealthily, the Reds captured two sentries and learned the precise locations of the Allied positions. Armed with this information, Commander Petr A. Solodukhin's brigade of 600 to 800 men attacked and overwhelmed between 80 and 160 French and White Russian troops garrisoning the village, capturing the outpost intact. On the following day the Allies launched an abortive counterattack. The 6th Red Army commander, Major General Aleksandr Samoilo, ordered his men to cease all offensive operations on the same day, citing shortages of warm"
"by Feldmarshal Gerd von Rundstedt Colonel General Walther von Reichenau Colonel General Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist Colonel General Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel General Ion Antonescu Colonel General Eugen Ritter von Schobert The ""Main Command of the Armed Forces of the USSR"" (""Stavka Glavnogo Komandovaniya"") was formed on 23 June, largely from the existing People's Commissariat for Defence. Commander in Chief: Marshal Semyon Timoshenko (until July 19), then Josef Stalin<br> Deputy Commander-in-Chief: Army General Georgy Zhukov (from August 8)<br> Chief of the General Staff: Army General Georgy Zhukov (until July 21), then Marshal Boris Shaposhnikov Lieutenant General Mikhail Fedorovich Lukin Lieutenant"
"Viktor Zholudev Viktor Grigoryevich Zholudev (Russian: Виктор Григорьевич Жолудев; 22 March 1905 – 21 July 1944) was a Red Army major general and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Zholudev fought in the 1929 Sino-Soviet conflict, the Battle of Lake Khasan in 1938 and the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol, as well as World War II. Zholudev commanded the 37th Guards Rifle Division during its defense of the Stalingrad tractor factory during the Battle of Stalingrad. Viktor Zholudev was born on 22 March 1905 in Uglich in the Yaroslavl Governorate in a working-class family. After completing lower secondary education, he"
"the Red Army and it comprised 51st Rifle Corps (98th, 112th, and 153rd Rifle Divisions) and 62nd Rifle Corps (170th, 174th, and 186th Rifle Divisions), and several separate regiments, including the 336th and 545th Corps Artillery Regiments. Headquarters was at Velikiye Luki by 22 June 1941, and General Lieutenant F. A. Yershakov took command (who would direct the army until August 1941). Lenski notes that it was then made part of the 'Group of armies of the Reserve of the Main Command'. During the Battle of Smolensk (1941), six rifle divisions of the army fought fiercely against what victory.mil.ru describes"
"Vasily Gordov Vasily Nikolaevich Gordov (; 12 December 1896 – 24 August 1950) was a Soviet Army colonel general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Gordov commanded the Stalingrad Front between July and August 1942 until his replacement by Andrey Yeryomenko. Gordov was born on 30 December 1896 in the village of Matveyevka in Ufa Governorate. He was the son of peasants. Gordov joined the Imperial Russian Army in 1915 and was promoted to junior sergeant. He enlisted in the Red Guard in 1917, joining the Red Army in 1918. Gordov ended the Russian Civil War as the commander of"
"and who was replaced in turn by Sorokin. After this, Avtonomov commanded a detachment in the fighting on the Terek River, and at Svyatoy Krest (Holy Cross, now named Budyonnovsk) in January 1919. He died of typhus on February 2, 1919 during the Red's retreat from the North Caucasus. Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov () (1890–1919) was a Russian Red military commander during the Russian Civil War. Avtonomov was a Kuban Cossack. He fought in World War I with the rank of Cornet (sub-lieutenant) but rose quickly during the civil war. In January 1918, Avtonomov was made Commander of"
"in pursuit of Admiral Alexander Kolchak's forces. But in the south, General Anton Denikin's White Russian forces advanced, and the situation deteriorated rapidly. On 6 June, Red Army commander-in-chief, Jukums Vācietis, ordered the Eastern Front to stop the offensive so that he could use its forces in the south. But the leadership of the Eastern Front, including its commander Sergey Kamenev (a former colonel of the Imperial army), and Eastern Front Revolutionary Military Council members Ivar Smilga, Mikhail Lashevich and Sergey Gusev vigorously protested and wanted to keep the emphasis on the Eastern Front. They insisted that it was vital"
"relief effort. Stelmakh planned Operation Little Saturn. While Rodion Malinovsky's Soviet Second Guards Army defeated major German relief forces, Vatutin and Stelmakh, with the support of units from the Voronezh Front, surrounded the Italian 8th Army, reinforced by German and other Axis divisions. The Red Army killed almost 21,000 enemy troops and took more than 64,000 prisoners. Stelmakh was killed in December 1942, on the front line when his troops were capturing a stronghold in Kalach-na-Donu. Grigory Stelmakh Grigory Stelmakh (1900 - 31 December 1942) was a Soviet military commander. He held a prominent role in the defeat of German"
"as the lower reaches of the Volga. The army was under the command of Lt. Gen. V.F. Gerasimenko, with Corps Commissar A.N. Melnikov and chief of staff Mjr. Gen. S.M. Rogachevsky making up the rest of the army's Military Council. On its formation it was under the direct command of the ""STAVKA"", but on September 30 it was subordinated to Stalingrad Front. On November 19, just before Operation Uranus began south of Stalingrad, the army was comprised as follows: As of November 19, the army's ration strength was 64,265 men, with 47,891 men assigned to its combat forces. It fielded"
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (; – 12 June 1937) was a leading Soviet military leader and theoretician from 1918 to 1937. He commanded the Soviet Western Front in the Soviet-Polish War of 1920–1921 and served as chief of staff of the Red Army from 1925 through 1928, as assistant in the People's Commissariat of Defense after 1934 and as commander of the Volga Military District in 1937. He contributed to the modernization of Soviet armament and army force structure in the 1920s and 1930s and became instrumental in the development of aviation, mechanized, and airborne forces. As a theoretician,"
"Andrey Vlasov Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov or ""Wlassow"" (, – August 1, 1946) was a Russian Red Army general. During World War II, he fought in the Battle of Moscow and later was captured attempting to lift the siege of Leningrad. After being captured, he defected to Nazi Germany and headed the Russian Liberation Army (""Russkaya osvoboditel'naya armiya"" (ROA)). At the war's end, he changed sides again and ordered the ROA to aid the Prague uprising against the Germans. He and the ROA then tried to escape to the Western Front, but were captured by Soviet forces. Vlasov was tried for"