"and sentence gaps should be 5 or 7 dots long (change from earlier standard – 5 dots). The speed of sending is also referred to as words per minute, and is classically based on the 'paris' formula - as 'paris' is considered to be an average length word. See main article on Morse Code. Morse code can even be used to transmit Chinese characters. There already existed dictionaries which numbered the Chinese characters. It is simply a case of sending the numbers by Morse Code, and these numbers are then looked up in the dictionary at the receiving end. In"
"Morse code Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called ""dots"" and ""dashes"" or ""dits"" and ""dahs"". Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code transmission."
"applications. Morse code Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called ""dots"" and ""dashes"" or ""dits"" and ""dahs"". Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code"
"and became effective on 1 July 1908. ' remained the maritime radio distress signal until 1999, when it was replaced by the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. ' is still recognized as a standard distress signal that may be used with any signaling method. The distress signal is a continuous sequence of three dots, three dashes, and three dots, with no spaces between the letters (notated by the overscore). In International Morse Code, three dots form the letter ""S"", and three dashes make the letter ""O"", so """"S O S"""" became a way to remember the order of the"
"Three Dot Dash is a mash-up of Morse code, used by telegraphs, and the two-fingered ""V"" gesture that has come to be known as the peace sign. In Morse code, ""V"" is •••– Inspired by the late 13-year-old poet Mattie Stepanek, Three Dot Dash is a yearlong leadership and mentoring program that teaches teen leaders how to effectively ""tell their stories"" during the Just Peace Summit using various forms of media, current technology and distribution methods to gain media attention and public support for their causes. Three Dot Dash creates a sustainable worldwide network of individuals, corporations and nonprofit organizations"
"For instance, the international code has only two symbols, dots and dashes, but the American code has several lengths of dash. There is a distinction between ""L"" () and ""T"" (). Also, in the international code the space between symbols within a character is always the same, but American Morse has two different spaces. The letters ""S"" (), ""C"" (), and ""R"" () all consist of three dots, but the timing is different in each case. A frequently quoted, but possibly apocryphal, story from the historical period concerns the similarity of ""L"" and ""T"" in the American code. A company"
"Convention, held in Berlin in 1906, Germany's """" distress signal of three-dots/three-dashes/three-dots () was adopted as the international Morse code distress signal. (This distress signal soon became known as ""SOS"" because if gaps are inserted it can be thought of as the Morse codes for those letters – by contrast CQD is transmitted as three distinct letters with a short gap between each. Germany had first adopted this distress signal in regulations effective 1 April 1905.) Between 1899 and 1908, nine documented rescues were made by the use of wireless. The earliest of these was a distress call from the"
"only. To station S1 from station S2. Roger (R) Thank you (TU) see you again (CUAGN) Best regards (73) To station S1 from station S2: Signing off. In International Morse code there is no ""distinct"" dot-dash sequence defined only for the mathematical equal sign [=]; rather the same code (""–···–"" or ""dah di di di dah"") is shared by ""double hyphen"" [=] and the procedural sign for ""section separator"" notated as . It is fairly common in the ""Recommended International Morse Code"" for punctuation codes to be shared with prosigns. For example, the code for plus or cross [+] is"
"in Morse code format, would normally be written something like this, where – represents dahs and · represents dits: Next is the exact conventional timing for this phrase, with = representing ""signal on"", and . representing ""signal off"", each for the time length of exactly one dit: Morse code is often spoken or written with ""dah"" for dashes, ""dit"" for dots located at the end of a character, and ""di"" for dots located at the beginning or internally within the character. Thus, the following Morse code sequence: is orally: ""Dah-dah dah-dah-dah di-dah-dit di-di-dit dit, Dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-dah dah-di-dit dit"". There is"
"encoded the same way (A, O, E, I, T, M, N, R, K, etc.). Bulgarian alphabet contains 30 characters, which exactly match all possible combinations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 dots and dashes. Russian requires 1 extra character, ""Ы"" which is encoded with 5 elements. During early World War I (1914–1916), Germany briefly experimented with 'dotty' and 'dashy' Morse, in essence adding a dot or a dash at the end of each Morse symbol. Each one was quickly broken by Allied SIGINT, and standard Morse was restored by Spring 1916. Only a small percentage of Western Front (North Atlantic"
"CQD appears to have died out thereafter. In both the 1 April 1905 German law and the 1906 international regulations, the distress signal was specified as a continuous Morse code sequence of three dots / three dashes / three dots, with no mention of any alphabetic equivalents. However, in International Morse, three dots comprise the letter """"S"""", and three dashes the letter """"O"""". It therefore soon became common to refer to the distress signal as """"S O S"""". An early report on The International Radio-Telegraphic Convention in the 12 January 1907, ""Electrical World"" stated that ""Vessels in distress use the"
"or dash and absent during the time between dots and dashes. Morse code can be memorized, and Morse code signalling in a form perceptible to the human senses, such as sound waves or visible light, can be directly interpreted by persons trained in the skill. Because many non-English natural languages use other than the 26 Roman letters, Morse alphabets have been developed for those languages. In an emergency, Morse code can be generated by improvised methods such as turning a light on and off, tapping on an object or sounding a horn or whistle, making it one of the simplest"
"were also published in ""QST"", Another example occurred in 1966 when prisoner of war Jeremiah Denton, brought on television by his North Vietnamese captors, Morse-blinked the word ""TORTURE"". In these two cases, interpreters were available to understand those series of eye-blinks. International Morse code is composed of five elements: Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, a radio signal with short and long tones, or as a mechanical, audible, or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light) using devices like an Aldis lamp or"
"Telegraph code A telegraph code is one of the character encodings used to transmit information through telegraphy machines. The most famous such code is Morse code. Morse code can be transmitted and received with very simple electrical equipment, such as the electrical telegraph invented in 1816. Morse code represents each letter of the alphabet as a series of ""dots and dashes"" (short and long bursts of electronically-generated noise). The speed of sending is directly related to the length of the shortest (dot) element: a dash is three dots long, an inter-character gap is the same length (3 dots), and inter-word"
"special signal, , repeated at short intervals."" (In American Morse code, which was used by many coastal ships in the United States through the first part of the twentieth century, three dashes stood for the numeral """"5"""", so in a few cases the distress signal was informally referred to as """"S 5 S"""".) In contrast to CQD, which was sent as three separate letters with spaces between each letter, the ' distress call has always been transmitted as a continuous sequence ""dits"" and ""dahs"", and not as individual letters. There was no problem as long as operators were aware that"
"Morse is dah-dah-di-dah, which can be memorized by the phrase ""God save the Queen"", and the Morse for ""F"" is di-di-dah-dit, which can be memorized as ""Did she like it."" A well-known Morse code rhythm from the Second World War period derives from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the opening phrase of which was regularly played at the beginning of BBC broadcasts. The timing of the notes corresponds to the Morse for ""V"", di-di-di-dah, understood as ""V for Victory"" (as well as the Roman numeral for the number five). Prosigns for Morse code are special (usually) unwritten procedural signals or symbols that"
"receiving Morse code when it is taught as a language that is heard, instead of one read from a page. To reflect the sounds of Morse code receivers, the operators began to vocalize a dot as ""dit"", and a dash as ""dah"". Dots which are not the final element of a character became vocalized as ""di"". For example, the letter ""c"" was then vocalized as ""dah-di-dah-dit"". Morse code was sometimes facetiously known as ""iddy-umpty"", and a dash as ""umpty"", leading to the word ""umpteen"". The Morse code, as it is used internationally today, was derived from a much refined proposal"
"Braille pattern dots-123456 The Braille pattern dots-123456 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with all six dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both dots in the top three rows raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283F, and in Braille ASCII with the equal sign. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-123456 is used to represent a voiced dental/alveolar fricative or aspirant, such as /ð/, /z/, or /dʰ/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Braille pattern dots-123456 is also used for the tactile feature on Canadian banknotes."
"Braille pattern dots-36 The Braille pattern dots-36 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2824, and in Braille ASCII with the hyphen: -. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-36 is used to represent hyphens and dashes, and otherwise as needed. † Abolished in Unified English Braille Related to Braille pattern dots-36 are Braille patterns 367, 368, and 3678, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji"
"sentences and questions in short three character codes each beginning with the character Q. For example, the code word QTH means ""My location is"". If this code word is followed by a question mark as QTH? it means ""What is your location?"". Typically very few full words will be spelled out in Morse code conversations. Often vowels are left out to shorten transmissions and turn overs. Other examples, of internationally recognized usages of Morse code abbreviations and well known code numbers, such as those of the Phillips Code from past eras of telegraph technology, are usages such as WX for"
"Braille pattern dots-3 The Braille pattern dots-3 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom left dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the middle-bottom left dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2804, and in Braille ASCII with an apostrophe. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-3 is used to represent an apostrophe, accent mark, or other punctuation. Related to Braille pattern dots-3 are Braille patterns 37, 38, and 378, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille"
"Braille pattern dots-356 The Braille pattern dots-356 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle right and both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle right and both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2834, and in Braille ASCII with the number 0. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-356 is used to represent various punctuation, often coupled with Braille pattern dots-236 as an closing mark. † Abolished in Unified English Braille Related to Braille pattern dots-356 are Braille patterns 3567, 3568, and 35678, which are used in"
"Braille pattern dots-13 The Braille pattern dots-13 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and middle-bottom left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2805, and in Braille ASCII with ""K"". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-13 is used to represent an unvoiced velar plosive, ie /k/. Related to Braille pattern dots-13 are Braille patterns 137, 138, and 1378, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard"
"Braille pattern dots-26 The Braille pattern dots-26 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle left and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle left and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2822, and in Braille ASCII with the number 5. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-26 is used to represent an unrounded open-mid to close-mid front vowel , such as /e/, /e̞/, or /ɛ/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, a question mark, or is otherwise assigned as needed. Related to Braille pattern"
"little point in learning to read Morse as above; rather, the of all of the letters and symbols need to be learned, for both sending and receiving. All Morse code elements depend on the dot length. A dash is the length of 3 dots, and spacings are specified in number of dot lengths. An unambiguous method of specifying the transmission speed is to specify the dot duration as, for example, 50 milliseconds. Specifying the dot duration is, however, not the common practice. Usually, speeds are stated in words per minute. That introduces ambiguity because words have different numbers of characters,"
"Braille pattern dots-25 The Braille pattern dots-25 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with both middle dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2812, and in Braille ASCII with the number 3. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-25 is used to represent a colon or other punctuation or mathematical operators. Related to Braille pattern dots-25 are Braille patterns 257, 258, and 2578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille"
"Braille pattern dots-23456 The Braille pattern dots-23456 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right, both middle, and both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right, both upper-middle, and both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283e, and in Braille ASCII with a close parenthesis: ). In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-23456 is used to represent an unvoiced dental or alveolar plosive, such as /t/ or /t̪/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-23456"
"Braille pattern dots-23 The Braille pattern dots-23 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle and bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the two middle-left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2806, and in Braille ASCII with the number ""2"". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-23 is used to represent a voiced bilabial consonant, such as /b/ or /ɓ/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as punctuation or accent mark, as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-23 are Braille patterns 237, 238, and"
"Braille pattern dots-1246 The Braille pattern dots-1246 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with both top, the middle left, and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both top, the upper-middle left, and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+282b, and in Braille ASCII with the dollar sign: $. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-1246 is used to represent a voiced dental or alveolar plosive, such as /d/ or /d̪/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-1246"
"a heliograph, a common flashlight, or even a car horn. Some mine rescues have used pulling on a rope - a short pull for a dot and a long pull for a dash. Morse code is transmitted using just two states (on and off). Historians have called it the first digital code. Morse code may be represented as a binary code, and that is what telegraph operators do when transmitting messages. Working from the above ITU definition and further defining a bit as a dot time, a Morse code sequence may be made from a combination of the following five-bit"
"Braille pattern dots-126 The Braille pattern dots-126 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and middle left, and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and upper-middle left, and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2823, and in Braille ASCII with the less than sign: <. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-126 is used to represent a voiced dorsal fricative or aspirate, such as /ɣ/, /ʁ/, or /gʱ/, or otherwise as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-126 are Braille patterns 1267, 1268, and 12678,"
"notation, the distress signal becomes '. In International Morse Code, ', ', ', ', and ' (among others) all correctly convert to the ' distress-call sequence, but traditionally only is used. It has also sometimes been used as a visual distress signal – consisting of three short, three long, and three more short flashes of light, such as from a survival mirror, or with """"S O S"""" spelled out in individual letters (for example, stamped in a snowbank or formed out of logs on a beach). The fact that the letters """"S O S"""" can be read right side up"
"Braille pattern dots-46 The Braille pattern dots-46 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2828, and in Braille ASCII with a period: ""."" . In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-46 is used to represent an unvoiced dorsal plosive, such as /k/ or /q/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-46 are Braille patterns 467, 468, and 4678, which"