"""The New York Times,"" to assist in redrafting the thesis, which had originally been titled ""Appeasement At Munich"". The writer Garry Wills claims that this assistance amounted to rewriting and retitling the manuscript, as well as finding an agent for its publication. As ambassador to Britain, Kennedy, Sr. supported Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement during the late 1930s. John F. Kennedy lived with his father in Britain at that time and as such witnessed the Luftwaffe's bombings of Britain first-hand. After publication in 1940, the book sold 80,000 copies in the United Kingdom and the United States, collecting"
"about British participation in the Munich Agreement. The thesis eventually became a bestseller under the title ""Why England Slept"". In addition to addressing Britain's failure to strengthen its military in the lead-up to World War II, the book also called for an Anglo-American alliance against the rising totalitarian powers. While Kennedy became increasingly supportive of U.S. intervention in World War II, his father's isolationist beliefs resulted in the latter's dismissal as ambassador to the United Kingdom, creating a split between the Kennedy and Roosevelt families. In 1940, Kennedy graduated ""cum laude"" from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts in"
"Bruce Campbell Hopper Bruce Campbell Hopper (August 24, 1892 – July 6, 1973) was a World War 1 aviator, newspaper reporter, author, historian, and lecturer who served as an associate professor of government at Harvard University from 1930 to 1961. He was an early expert on the Soviet Union, authoring influential articles, informing US State department policy, and lecturing extensively for over thirty years. Among his many students were Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Ted Kennedy. Dr. Hopper advised John F. Kennedy on the completion of his thesis at Harvard, eventually published as ""Why England Slept"". Born"
"While America Sleeps While America Sleeps is a book by historians Donald Kagan and Frederick Kagan, published September 2000. Their thesis was that the United States at the end of the Cold War resembled the United Kingdom following World War I. They argue for a policy of strengthening U.S. defense and a willingness to use force. Michael Lind has argued that the book contributed to neoconservative thought in U.S. foreign policy. Two similarly titled works were published around the time of World War II: ""While England Slept"" (1938), by future British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ""Why England Slept"" (1940),"
"government in 1937, teaching political science and international affairs. Three Kennedy brothers (Joseph, John, and Ted) were among his students at Harvard. He served as the advisor for John F. Kennedy's thesis, later published as ""Why England Slept"". Kennedy began his thesis in the winter of 1939/40 and came to Dr. Hopper’s study once a week for progress reviews. Dr. Hopper’s study featured oak-paneling, leather armchairs, and a large fireplace. One wall had the following inscription in Latin: ""It will give you pleasure to look back on this scene of suffering"". JFK believed that giving aid to Britain and France"
"senior year at Harvard College, and in which he examined the reasons for the UK's lack of preparation. Originally titled ""Appeasement in Munich"", it was titled ""Why England Slept"" upon its 1940 publication. Arms and the Covenant Arms and the Covenant is a 1938 non-fiction book written by Winston Churchill. It was later published in the US as While England Slept; a Survey of World Affairs, 1932–1938. It highlighted the United Kingdom's lack of military preparation to face the threat of Nazi Germany's expansion and attacked the current policies of the UK government, led by his fellow Conservative Neville Chamberlain."
"by future U.S. President John F. Kennedy, at the time a Harvard University undergraduate student. While America Sleeps While America Sleeps is a book by historians Donald Kagan and Frederick Kagan, published September 2000. Their thesis was that the United States at the end of the Cold War resembled the United Kingdom following World War I. They argue for a policy of strengthening U.S. defense and a willingness to use force. Michael Lind has argued that the book contributed to neoconservative thought in U.S. foreign policy. Two similarly titled works were published around the time of World War II: ""While"
"Arms and the Covenant Arms and the Covenant is a 1938 non-fiction book written by Winston Churchill. It was later published in the US as While England Slept; a Survey of World Affairs, 1932–1938. It highlighted the United Kingdom's lack of military preparation to face the threat of Nazi Germany's expansion and attacked the current policies of the UK government, led by his fellow Conservative Neville Chamberlain. It galvanised many of his supporters and built up public opposition to the Munich Agreement. John F. Kennedy was inspired by the book's title when publishing his thesis, which he wrote during his"
"England Your England ""England Your England"" is an essay written by the British author George Orwell during The Blitz of 1941 as bombers of Nazi Germany flew overhead. It is his attempt to define British culture and the British people for the rest of the world as he fears that it might soon be wiped from earth by the Nazi armies. He also states that England would not change into a fascist state and cannot unless she is thoroughly broken. The essay is in fact the first part of """", published 19 January 1941, as the first volume of a"
"Harold Elsdale Goad Harold Elsdale Goad (1878–1956) was a British writer, journalist and poet. He was an early sympathizer with Fascism, with the pamphlet ""What is Fascism?"", followed by two books on corporatism. He was one of those in the British Fascists interested in Fascist ideology, with James Strachey Barnes, in relation to trade unions and guilds. The books were highly regarded by the Italian Fascist government. A small group, briefly attached to Chatham House, studied the Corporate State and included Goad, Barnes, Charles Petrie and Goad's co-author Muriel Currey; Goad addressed a Chatham House meeting in October 1933. He"
"Policy"", Daniel Runde said, """"While America Slept"" is the 2016 equivalent of Richard Nixon's ""The Real War""... ""While America Slept"" is an important book and should be 'required reading' for... serious students of foreign policy."" In ""The Hill"", Bart Marcois, a retired career foreign service officer, wrote, ""If you're wondering what trends and events will drive President-elect Donald Trump's foreign policy, you need to read ""While America Slept,"" by Robert O'Brien... The entire book is a quick read, easy to understand, and leaves a reader well versed in the foreign affairs themes that will dominate the discussion for all of"
"as T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Robert Frost and Ernest Hemingway. Angered by the carnage of World War I, Pound lost faith in Great Britain and blamed the war on usury and international capitalism. He moved to Italy in 1924 and throughout the 1930s and 1940s embraced Benito Mussolini's fascism, expressed support for Adolf Hitler, and wrote for publications owned by the British fascist Sir Oswald Mosley. During World War II, he was paid by the Italian government to make hundreds of radio broadcasts criticizing the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Jews, as a result of which he was"
"sleep."" Alfred George Gardiner Alfred George Gardiner (2 June 1865 – 3 March 1946) was an English journalist, editor and author. His essays, written under the alias ""Alpha of the Plough"", are highly regarded. He was also Chairman of the National Anti-Sweating League, an advocacy group which campaigned for a minimum wage in industry. Gardiner was born in Chelmsford, the son of Henry James Gardiner, a cabinet-maker and alcoholic, and his wife, Susanna Taylor. As a boy he worked at the ""Chelmsford Chronicle"" and the ""Bournemouth Directory"". He joined the ""Northern Daily Telegraph"" in 1887 which had been founded the"
"fashion accessory, Witt said he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing Adolf Hitler before World War II. An umbrella had been used in cartoons in the 1930s to symbolize such appeasement, and Chamberlain often carried an umbrella. Kennedy, who wrote a thesis on appeasement while at Harvard, ""Why England Slept"", might have recognized the symbolism of the umbrella. Black umbrellas had been used in connection with protests against the President before; at the time of the construction of the Berlin Wall, a group of schoolchildren from Bonn sent the White House an umbrella labeled ""Chamberlain"". Testifying before the HSCA, Witt"
"series edited by T. R. Fyvel and Orwell, in the Searchlight Books published by Secker & Warburg. Orwell also describes England as one of the most democratic nations on the earth at the time, but that it lacked a true and correct worldview and replaced it with a level of fervent patriotism. He exemplifies this with reference to the fact that English gentry and businessmen thought Fascism was a system that was compatible with the English economy. The gentry believed that simply because Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler were staunchly opposed to communism that their views were ""England-friendly"" and thus"
"Now I Lay Me ""Now I Lay Me"" is a short story by American author Ernest Hemingway. It is a part of Ernest Hemingway's collection of short stories titled ""Men Without Women"", which was published in 1927. The short story takes place in war-torn Europe, specifically in Italy, which Hemingway chose due to his firsthand experiences there. ""Now I Lay Me"" is a short story about two men sleeping in a tent. However simple a story it may be, it reveals the psyche of military men. Although it is never completely affirmed, the context of the story suggests that the"
"Me” is a prime example of the cynicism that characterizes the writing of the Lost Generation. Now I Lay Me ""Now I Lay Me"" is a short story by American author Ernest Hemingway. It is a part of Ernest Hemingway's collection of short stories titled ""Men Without Women"", which was published in 1927. The short story takes place in war-torn Europe, specifically in Italy, which Hemingway chose due to his firsthand experiences there. ""Now I Lay Me"" is a short story about two men sleeping in a tent. However simple a story it may be, it reveals the psyche of"
"Antonio Gramsci Antonio Francesco Gramsci (; ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher and communist politician. He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics. He attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought and so is considered a key neo-Marxist. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime. He wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis during his imprisonment. His ""Prison Notebooks"" are considered a highly original contribution to 20th century political"
"The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius ""The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius"" is an essay by George Orwell expressing his opinions on the situation in wartime Britain. The title alludes to the heraldic supporters appearing in the full royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The essay was first published on 19 February 1941 as the first volume of a series edited by T. R. Fyvel and Orwell, in the Searchlight Books published by Secker & Warburg. It expressed his opinion that the outdated British class system was hampering the war"
"even radical Islam. Europe's enemy is itself—its self-destructive passivity, its softness toward tyranny, its reflexive inclination to appease, and its uncomprehending distaste for America's pride, courage, and resolve in the face of a deadly foe."" According to ""Public Eye"" magazine, reviews of ""While Europe Slept"" were ""easily sorted along ideological grounds"", with conservatives generally praising the book while liberals repudiated it. Some critics suggested that the book raised important or timely questions, but criticized its methodology and/or conclusions. In an article published in ""The Wall Street Journal"", Walter Laqueur writes that """"While Europe Slept"" is an angry book, well written"
"he becomes indwelt by the ghost of Nero. Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; ; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (""Partito Nazionale Fascista"", PNF). He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943; he constitutionally led the country until 1925, when he dropped the pretense of democracy and established a dictatorship. Known as ""Il Duce"" (""The Leader""), Mussolini was the founder of Italian Fascism. In 1912, Mussolini had been a leading member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party"
"While Europe Slept While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within is a 2006 book by Bruce Bawer. It was Bawer's second book dealing with the issue of religious fundamentalism, following his earlier ""Stealing Jesus: How Fundamentalism Betrays Christianity"", a critique of fundamentalist Christianity published in 1998. ""While Europe Slept"" argues that Europe's democratic traditions and open society face a growing demographic and cultural threat from Europe's Muslim immigrant communities, who according to Bawer reject Enlightenment values and resist integration. Bawer blames this trend primarily on an alleged ""self-destructive passivity"" among Europeans, whom he regards as"
"controversy because of its explicit anti-CND theme; the book depicts the Soviet domination of Britain under a left-wing government which has removed its nuclear weapons. An ITV adaptation of ""When the Kissing Had to Stop"" caused even more controversy, and one writer called FitzGibbon a ""fascist Hyena"". This amused him greatly, and he responded by publishing a collection of essays called ""Random Thoughts of a Fascist Hyena"" (1963)""."" He wrote prolifically, in fiction, historical works, memoirs, poetry and biography. He made programmes for BBC radio, including documentaries about British fascism, the Blitz and the 1930s hunger marches. He was a"
"he was imprisoned after the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923. The Italian Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci wrote much of his work while imprisoned by the fascist government of Mussolini during the 1930s; this was later published as ""Prison Notebooks"", and contained his influential theory of cultural hegemony. In 1942 Jean Genet wrote his first novel ""Our Lady of the Flowers"" while in prison near Paris, scrawled on scraps of paper. O. Henry (William Sidney Porter) wrote 14 stories while in prison for embezzlement, and it was during this time that his pseudonym ""O. Henry"" began to stick. Nigerian author"
"book also attacked the British Labour movement and criticised the British government for permitting immigrants (whom Freeman referred to as ""Sub-Man"") to settle in Britain. ""Social Decay and Regeneration"" referred to the Russian Revolution as ""the Russian catastrophe"" and argued society needed to protected from "" degenerates of the destructive or "" Bolshevik "" type."" Sections of ""Social Decay and Regeneration"" were reprinted in ""Eugenics Review"", the journal of the British Eugenics Society. ""Indicative of his power is the fact that ""Mr. Polton Explains,"" in some ways his best novel, was written in part in a bomb shelter in 1939,"
"Great Depression. ""How the Other Half Lives"" and Jack London's ""The People of the Abyss"" (1903) discussed homelessness, and raised public awareness, which caused some changes in building codes and some social conditions. In England, dormitory housing called ""spikes"" was provided by local boroughs. By the 1930s in England, there were 30,000 people living in these facilities. In 1933, George Orwell wrote about poverty in London and Paris, in his book ""Down and Out in Paris and London"". In general, in most countries, many towns and cities had an area which contained the poor, transients, and afflicted, such as a"
"FIGHT against War and Fascism FIGHT Against War and Fascism was an anti-fascist broadsheet published in the United States by the American League Against War and Fascism from 1934 until 1938. It was sponsored by socialists and communists. It apparently had Albert Einstein on its editorial committee. Perhaps the most famous interview conducted by the paper occurred in 1936, when Grace Lumpkin interviewed the New York publisher and editor Seward Collins, whose literary journal ""The American Review"" published the work of T. S. Eliot and other notable writers. In that interview, Collins came out as a fascist and supporter of"
"A Death-Bed ""A Death-Bed"" is a poem by English poet and writer Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936). It was first published in April 1919, in the collection ""The Years Between"". Later publications identified the year of writing as 1918. Kipling's only son, John, had been reported missing in action in 1915, during the Battle of Loos. Kipling was grief-stricken. ""A Death-Bed"" has been described as ""the most savage poem Kipling ever wrote"", and as ""overtly distasteful"". ""A Death-Bed"" consists of 10 ABAB quatrains, with four stresses per line. It interweaves three voices: The monarch vehemently asserts his absolute power, while blaming others"
"The Mass Psychology of Fascism The Mass Psychology of Fascism () is a 1933 book by Wilhelm Reich, in which the author explores how fascists come into power, and explains their rise as a symptom of sexual repression. Reich—originally from Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and practicing psychoanalysis and psychiatry in Vienna—joined the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) in 1928. He joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) upon moving his psychoanalytic practice to Berlin in 1930. However, ""The Mass Psychology of Fascism"" was seen as being so critical of the Nazi regime (as well as the Communist regime"
"Catholic Church – ""Britaine's glorie, or An allegoricall dreame with the exposition thereof: containing The Heathens infidelitie in religion..."" – took the form of a 250-line poem. Major political polemicists of the 18th century include Jonathan Swift, with pamphlets such as his ""A Modest Proposal"", and Edmund Burke, with his attack on the Duke of Bedford. In the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels's 1848 ""Communist Manifesto"" was extremely polemical. Friedrich Engels's famous work Anti-Dühring was also a polemic against Eugen Dühring. In the 20th century, George Orwell's ""Animal Farm"" was a polemic against totalitarianism, in particular of Stalinism"
"erupted in the Protests of 1848, after which Marx and Engels launched their Communist Manifesto, although this did not have any great immediate effect. For the most part, from 1834 until the 1870s, free market ideology enjoyed almost unchallenged ascendancy in Great Britain, and was expanding its influence abroad. In 1848, Lord Macaulay published his ""The History of England"". Though Macaulay was mainly looking back at the 17th century, he also anticipated the enduring triumph of free market liberalism. He was wrong. By the 1880s, various labour market protections had been enacted, causing Herbert Spencer, at the time perhaps the"
"""Londonistan"", Oriana Fallaci's ""The Force of Reason"", and Bruce Bawer's ""While Europe Slept"". The term is often used by the writers Oriana Fallaci, Mark Steyn and several web sites, many of them affiliated with the counterjihad movement. ""Defeating Eurabia"" by Fjordman (the pen name of Peder Are Nøstvold Jensen) earned him a high standing among far-right extremists. An important part of the narrative is the idea of a demographic threat, the fear that, at some time in the future, Islam will take over Europe. or as Bernard Lewis put it, ""Europe will be Islamic by the end of the century."""
"George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, Imperial police officer, and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism. Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the allegorical novella ""Animal Farm"" (1945) and the dystopian novel ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"" (1949). His non-fiction works, including ""The Road to Wigan Pier"" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England,"