"flower arrangement has arisen at least twice independently by convergent evolution, in Fagales and in Salicaceae. Such a convergent evolution raises questions about what the ancestral inflorescence characters might be and how catkins did evolve in these two lineages. In many of these plants, only the male flowers form catkins, and the female flowers are single (hazel, oak), a cone (alder) or other types (mulberry). In other plants (such as poplar) both male and female flowers are borne in catkins. Catkin-bearing plants include many other trees or shrubs such as birch, willow, hickory, sweet chestnut and sweetfern (""Comptonia""). The word"
"Populus Populus is a genus of 25–35 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar , aspen, and cottonwood. In the September 2006 issue of ""Science Magazine"", the Joint Genome Institute announced that the western balsam poplar (""P. trichocarpa"") was the first tree whose full DNA code had been determined by DNA sequencing. The genus has a large genetic diversity, and can grow from tall, with trunks up to in diameter. The bark on young trees is smooth, white to greenish or dark"
"translations): Despite these Biblical references to ""willows"", whether in Latin or English, the trees growing in Babylon along the Euphrates River in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and named ""gharab"" in early Hebrew, are not willows (""Salix"") in either the modern or the classical sense, but the Euphrates poplar ""(Populus euphratica),"" with willow-like leaves on long, drooping shoots, in the related genus ""Populus."" Both ""Populus"" and ""Salix"" are in the plant family Salicaceae, the willow family. These Babylonian trees are correctly called poplars, not willows, in the New International Version of the ""Bible"" (English, 1978): Salix babylonica Salix babylonica (Babylon willow"
"Willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are referred to as sallow (from Old English ""sealh"", related to the Latin word ""salix"", willow). Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the dwarf willow (""Salix herbacea"") rarely exceeds in height, though it spreads widely across the ground. Willows all have"
"tree's traditional name in the Miami-Illinois language is ""oonseentia"". Native Americans so habitually made their dugout canoes of its trunk that the early settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains called it Canoewood. The color of its wood gives it the name Whitewood. In areas near the Mississippi River it is called a poplar largely because of the fluttering habits of its leaves, in which it resembles trees of that genus. It is sometimes called ""fiddle tree,"" because its peculiar leaves, with their arched bases and in-cut sides, suggest the violin shape. The external resemblance of its flowers to tulips named"
"the cornels (""vrignàli""), the hawthorn prunellas (""trìnche"")], those medicinal valerian (""valleriàna""), angelic, gentian, gentianella, camomile (""cammumìlla""), hyssop (""isópu""), milfoil, the flowers dogrose (""rosa janàra""), hollyhock (""mmàrva""), althaea (""malvónu""), wild carnation, iris, cyclamen (""scocciapiàtti""), snowdrop, broom (""jnéstra""), poppy (""papàgnu""), daisy wheel, sweet violet (""viulètta""), primrose (""viòla iànca"")], those poisonous belladonna, hemlock, hellebore, equisetum (""córa de órba""), mistletoe (""viscògna"")]. Other plants of considerable diffusion are the red thorn (""spinapóce""), the masculine and feminine ferns, the elder (""sammùcu"") and the wild elder (""mùnnegliu""), the rush (""jùncu""), the euphorbia (""tutumàglia""), the ivy (""èllera""), the wild carrot, the mercurial grass (""èrva mercurèlla""), the ononis spinosa"
"Liriodendron Liriodendron is a genus of two species of characteristically large deciduous trees in the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae). These trees are widely known by the common name tulip tree or tuliptree for their large flowers superficially resembling tulips. The Scientific Greek ""Liriodendron"" actually means ""lily tree"". It is sometimes referred to as tulip poplar or yellow poplar, and the wood simply as ""poplar"", although not closely related to the true poplars. Other common names include canoewood, saddle-leaf tree, and white wood. The two extant species are ""Liriodendron tulipifera"", native to eastern North America and ""Liriodendron chinense"", native to China and"
"Geijera parviflora Geijera parviflora, commonly known as the Wilga or Native Willow, is a small tree or bush found in inland parts of eastern Australia. It features thin drooping leaves, up to long. It was first described by English botanist John Lindley in 1848, Other vernacular names include sheepbush and dogwood. The specific epithet ""parviflora"" is from the Latin, meaning ""small flowers"". Wilga may grow to tall, and has drooping branches. The leaves are linear to spear-shaped (lanceolate) and range from long and wide. They give off a strong smell when crushed. The small white-petalled flowers of this member of"
"alleviating toothache. Geijera parviflora Geijera parviflora, commonly known as the Wilga or Native Willow, is a small tree or bush found in inland parts of eastern Australia. It features thin drooping leaves, up to long. It was first described by English botanist John Lindley in 1848, Other vernacular names include sheepbush and dogwood. The specific epithet ""parviflora"" is from the Latin, meaning ""small flowers"". Wilga may grow to tall, and has drooping branches. The leaves are linear to spear-shaped (lanceolate) and range from long and wide. They give off a strong smell when crushed. The small white-petalled flowers of this"
"are smooth-edged or serrated, glossy on the upper surface, and sometimes with silky hairs. The inflorescence is a catkin of flowers a few centimeters long. ""Salix pulchra"", also commonly called diamondleaf or tealeaf willow and sometimes treated as a subspecies of ""S. planifolia"" (""S. planifolia"" ssp. ""pulchra""), is now treated as a distinct species. Salix planifolia Salix planifolia is a species of willow known by the common names planeleaf willow, diamondleaf willow, and tea-leafed willow. It is native to northern and western North America, including most of Canada and the western United States. It grows in many types of arctic"
"order Malpighiales. Salicaceae The Salicaceae are a family, the willow family, of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ""sensu stricto"") included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including Scyphostegiaceae and much of the former Flacourtiaceae. In the Cronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera (""Salix"", ""Populus"", and ""Chosenia""). Now recognized to be closely related to Violaceae and Passifloraceae, the family is placed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group"
"involves the poet Alexander Pope, who begged a twig from a parcel tied with twigs sent from Spain to Lady Suffolk. This twig was planted and thrived, and legend has it that all of England's weeping willows are descended from this first one. Willows are often planted on the borders of streams so their interlacing roots may protect the bank against the action of the water. Frequently, the roots are much larger than the stem which grows from them. Willows have a wide natural distribution from the tropics to the arctic zones and are extensively cultivated around the world. Willows"
"cerise to reddish violet with white centers. It is especially used in dry climates. Species include: Callirhoe (plant) Callirhoe is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. Its nine species are commonly known as poppy mallows and all are native to the prairies and grasslands of North America. Of the nine, some are annuals while others are perennial plants. The genus is named for the Oceanid Callirrhoe in Greek mythology. Poppy mallow leaves are alternate and palmately lobed. The flowers are cup-shaped and brightly colored. The purple poppy mallow (""Callirhoe involucrata"") is grown as a garden plant."
"Salicaceae The Salicaceae are a family, the willow family, of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ""sensu stricto"") included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including Scyphostegiaceae and much of the former Flacourtiaceae. In the Cronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera (""Salix"", ""Populus"", and ""Chosenia""). Now recognized to be closely related to Violaceae and Passifloraceae, the family is placed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in the"
"and ""Tulipa"". Conversely, genera such as ""Rosa"" and ""Phaseolus"" have well-distinguished sepals and petals. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are referred to as ""petaloid"", as in petaloid monocots, orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals. Since they include Liliales, an alternative name is lilioid monocots. Although petals are usually the most conspicuous parts of animal-pollinated flowers, wind-pollinated species, such as the grasses, either have very small petals or lack them entirely. The role of the corolla in plant evolution has been studied extensively since Charles Darwin postulated a theory of the origin of elongated corollae and corolla tubes."
"merges the other segregate genera into ""Epilobium"". Fringed willowherb (""E. ciliatum"") is likely a cryptic species complex; apparently these plants also commonly hybridize with their congeners. Most species are known by the common name willowherbs for their willow-like leaves. Those that were once separated in ""Boisduvalia"" are called spike-primroses or boisduvalias. Those ""Epilobium"" species previously placed in the ""Chamaenerion"" group and known as fireweeds are now segregated into the genus ""Chamaenerion"". Epilobiums are mostly herbaceous plants, either annual or perennial; a few are subshrubs. The leaves are opposite or rarely whorled, simple and ovate to lanceolate in shape. The flowers"
"Epilobium hirsutum Epilobium hirsutum is a flowering plant belonging to the willowherb genus ""Epilobium"" in the family Onagraceae. It is commonly known as the great willowherb, great hairy willowherb or hairy willowherb. Local names include codlins-and-cream, apple-pie and cherry-pie. It is a tall, perennial plant, reaching up to 2 metres in height. The robust stems are profusely hairy with soft spreading hairs. The hairy leaves are 2–12 cm long and 0.5–3.5 cm wide. They are long and thin and are widest below the middle. They have sharply toothed edges and no stalk. The large flowers have four notched petals. These"
"capital city of Poland. Warszewiczia Warszewiczia (or ""Warscewiczia"") is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. They are primarily tropical Central and South American trees and shrubs. Perhaps the most famous member of the genus is ""W. coccinea"" (Chaconia), which is the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago. The inflorescences show leaf-shaped, bright-colored calycophylls, expanded foliaceous structures made from floral petaloids with enlarged showy calyx-lobes. Their main task is to attract pollinators. This genus was named after Józef Warszewicz, a 19th-century Polish orchid collector and inspector of the botanic gardens in Kraków, Poland. Warszawa is also the polish"
"entire to sparsely wavy-toothed margins. They are dark-green and nearly hairless above, and white- or grayish-hairy below. It is dioecious, having male and female flowers on different trees. The flowers are tiny, grouped in pussy willow-like catkins. The anthers, two per flower, are yellow, sometimes tipped with red; pistils are red. The fruit is light reddish-brown, long-pointed capsules about 0.75 cm long. At maturity, they open to release a white fluff with tiny, imbedded seeds. The species has 2n = 76 or 114 chromosomes. Scouler's willow is the most common upland willow through most of its range. It invades quickly"
"of animals, such as moose and ptarmigan. Honey bees use the pollen and nectar. Salix monticola Salix monticola is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names mountain willow, cherry willow, serviceberry willow, and park willow. It is native to the United States, where it occurs in the Rocky Mountains region from Wyoming to Arizona and New Mexico. It also occurs in Alaska and parts of Canada. This willow is quite variable in appearance, depending on environmental conditions. It grows to in dense clumps. The branches are yellowish or reddish-brown, mottled with green. The"
"Rhododendron Rhododendron (from Ancient Greek ""rhódon"" ""rose"" and ""déndron"" ""tree"") is a genus of 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae), either evergreen or deciduous, and found mainly in Asia, although it is also widespread throughout the highlands of the Appalachian Mountains of North America. It is the national flower of Nepal as well as the state flower of West Virginia and Washington. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer. Azaleas make up two subgenera of ""Rhododendron"". They are distinguished from ""true"" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per"
"the ""lesbian flower"" because in the early 1900s, lesbian women would give violets to the women they were wooing. This symbolized their ""Sapphic"" desire, so called because Sappho, a Greek lyric poet, in one of her poems described herself and her lover as wearing garlands of violets. This practice became popular in the 1910 – 1930 time period. Viola sororia Viola sororia, known commonly as the common blue violet, is a short-stemmed herbaceous perennial plant that is native to eastern North America. It is known by a number of common names, including common meadow violet, purple violet, the lesbian flower,"
"Callirhoe (plant) Callirhoe is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. Its nine species are commonly known as poppy mallows and all are native to the prairies and grasslands of North America. Of the nine, some are annuals while others are perennial plants. The genus is named for the Oceanid Callirrhoe in Greek mythology. Poppy mallow leaves are alternate and palmately lobed. The flowers are cup-shaped and brightly colored. The purple poppy mallow (""Callirhoe involucrata"") is grown as a garden plant. It is a low-growing perennial with a large taproot and hairy stems. The flowers range from"
"Aquilegia Aquilegia (common names: granny's bonnet, columbine) is a genus of about 60–70 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers. The genus name ""Aquilegia"" is derived from the Latin word for eagle (""aquila""), because of the shape of the flower petals, which are said to resemble an eagle's claw. The common name ""columbine"" comes from the Latin for ""dove"", due to the resemblance of the inverted flower to five doves clustered together. The leaves of this plant are compound and the"
"names include blue crown, flower of five wounds, southern beauty, wild apricot, Jesus flower. The specific epithet ""caerulea"" means ""blue"" and refers to the blue coronal filaments. In Japan it is called 時計草 (Clock plant) due to having 12 petals, a central stamen and stigmas resembling a timepieces's winding mechanism, and curly green tendrils resembling wound springs. ""Passiflora caerulea"" is a woody vine capable of growing to high where supporting trees are available. The leaves are alternate, palmately five-lobed (sometimes three, seven, or nine lobes), and are up to in length while being linear-oblong shaped. The base of each leaf"
"in white down which aids wind dispersal. The scientific name refers to the male flowers having five stamens. The English name derives from the resemblance of the leaves to those of the bay laurel; other common names include bay-leaved willow and laurel willow. Its glossy leaves make it more decorative than many other willows, so it is often planted as an ornamental tree. It has become locally naturalised in northern North America, and is known as laurel willow there. Salix pentandra Salix pentandra, the bay willow, is a species of willow native to northern Europe and northern Asia. It is"
"new year celebration of Nowruz on the first day of spring, and its distilled flower is used in traditional medicine. Pussy willow Pussy willow is a name given to many of the smaller species of the genus ""Salix"" (willows and sallows) when their furry catkins are young in early spring. These species include (among many others): Before the male catkins of these species come into full flower they are covered in fine, greyish fur, leading to a fancied likeness to tiny cats, also known as “pussies”. The catkins appear long before the leaves, and are one of the earliest signs"
"hares. Native Americans used parts of willows, including this species, for medicinal purposes, basket weaving, to make bows and arrows, and for building animal traps. Salix glauca Salix glauca is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names gray willow, gray-leaf willow, white willow, and glaucous willow. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout much of Alaska, northern and western Canada, and the contiguous United States south through the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico. It can also be found in Greenland, northwestern Europe, and Siberia. This willow is usually a"
"laurel and hyacinth. Although there is no clear evidence that the flower's name derives directly from the Greek myth, this link between the flower and the myth became firmly part of western culture. The narcissus or daffodil is the most loved of all English plants, and appears frequently in English literature. Many English writers have referred to the cultural and symbolic importance of ""Narcissus""). No flower has received more poetic description except the rose and the lily, with poems by authors from John Gower, Shakespeare, Milton (see Roman culture, above), Wordsworth, Shelley and Keats. Frequently the poems deal with self-love"
"grown plants. Meconopsis Meconopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. It was first described by French botanist Viguier in 1814 who named it as poppy-like (from Greek ""mekon"" poppy, ""opsis"" alike). The species have attractive flowers and have two distinct ranges. A single species, ""Meconopsis cambrica"" (Welsh poppy), is indigenous to England, Wales, Ireland, and the fringes of Western Europe, although recent studies suggest that it does not belong in the genus. The other 40 or so (depending on classification) species are found in the Himalayas. Within the Himalayan types there is much debate as to"
"cultivated as an ornamental tree for planting in gardens. It has a somewhat columnar growth with weeping form and foliage texture, and is drought tolerant once established. Pittosporum phillyreoides Pittosporum phillyreoides, with the common names weeping pittosporum and willow pittosporum, is a shrub or small columnar tree in the Apiales order, endemic to Australia. This species is subject to some taxonomic confusion. It was originally published by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1824, as a species native to a narrow coastal strip of northern Western Australia, the epithet ""phillyreoides"" referring to a similarity with ""Phillyrea"". Two more Western Australian species"
"Psilocarphus elatior Psilocarphus elatior is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names tall woollyheads, meadow woollyheads and tall woolly-marbles. It is native to the Pacific Northwest in western North America from Vancouver Island, where it is known from just a few occurrences, to northern California. It grows in seasonally moist spots such as meadows, spring seeps, and vernal pools. This is a small erect annual herb growing up to about 15 centimeters tall with a pale silvery or gray-green branching stem coated in woolly or cobwebby fibers. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped"
"Willow is considered the national tree of Ukraine. The genus ""Salix"" is made up of around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs: The recent name changes for well-known and economically important willows (Salix L.) International Register of Cultivars of Salix L. (willow) Global Cultivation of Willows: Willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are referred"