"stood were becoming eroded. Each time a large wave hit, the lighthouse shook from side to side. Smeaton's Tower ceased operation in 1879 with the illumination of Douglass's Tower on an adjacent rock. In 1882 the upper part of Smeaton's Tower was dismantled and rebuilt as a memorial to Smeaton on a new base on Plymouth Hoe, replacing the triangular obelisk that had been built there by Trinity House as a navigation aid in the early 19th century. It was opened to the public by the Mayor of Plymouth on 24 September 1884. The foundation and stub of the old"
"Eddystone Lighthouse The Eddystone Lighthouse is on the dangerous Eddystone Rocks, south of Rame Head, England, United Kingdom. While Rame Head is in Cornwall, the rocks are in Devon and composed of Precambrian gneiss. The current structure is the fourth to be built on the site. The first and second were destroyed by storm and fire. The third, also known as Smeaton's Tower, is the best known because of its influence on lighthouse design and its importance in the development of concrete for building. Its upper portions have been re-erected in Plymouth as a monument. The first lighthouse, completed in"
"All rights reserved – Eddystone The Finger of Light is also a revised Kindle ebook edition, which was released on March 29, 2016. Eddystone Lighthouse The Eddystone Lighthouse is on the dangerous Eddystone Rocks, south of Rame Head, England, United Kingdom. While Rame Head is in Cornwall, the rocks are in Devon and composed of Precambrian gneiss. The current structure is the fourth to be built on the site. The first and second were destroyed by storm and fire. The third, also known as Smeaton's Tower, is the best known because of its influence on lighthouse design and its importance"
"memorial which previously continued to the Grand Hotel and, until it was destroyed by bombing, the grand clubhouse of the Royal Western Yacht Club. The club then merged with the Royal Southern and occupied that club's older premises which it had created from the regency public steam baths by the basin at West Hoe before the rejuvenated club moved in the late 1980s to Queen Anne Battery. A prominent landmark on the Hoe is Smeaton's Tower. This is the upper portion of John Smeaton's Eddystone Lighthouse, which was originally built on the Eddystone Rocks (22.5 km south) in 1759. It"
"as a memorial. William Tregarthen Douglass supervised the dismantling and removal of Smeaton's Tower. The re-erected tower on the Hoe is now a tourist attraction. The foundations and stub of the tower remain, close to the new and more solid foundations of the current lighthouse – the foundations proved too strong to be dismantled so the Victorians left them where they stood. An 1850 replica of Smeaton's lighthouse, Hoad Monument, stands above the town of Ulverston, Cumbria as a memorial to naval administrator Sir John Barrow. The current, fourth, lighthouse was designed by James Douglass, using Robert Stevenson's developments of"
"tower remain on Eddystone Rocks, close to the current lighthouse. Since the foundation proved too strong to be dismantled, it was left where it stood. In 1860 a new penny coin was brought into circulation on which the lighthouse was depicted in the background behind Britannia and remained on the penny until 1894. The lighthouse was also depicted on a number of tokens issued during the nineteenth century in Devon with face values from two pence to one shilling. An 1850 replica of Smeaton's lighthouse, Hoad Monument, still stands above the town of Ulverston, Cumbria as a memorial to naval"
"in his honor. Based on his concepts and data, it was used by the Wright brothers in their pursuit of the first successful heavier-than-air aircraft. Smeaton is one of six civil engineers depicted in the Stephenson stained glass window, designed by William Wailes and unveiled in Westminster Abbey in 1862. A memorial stone commemorating Smeaton himself was unveiled in the Abbey on 7 November 1994, by Noel Ordman, President of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers. John Smeaton Academy, a secondary school in the suburbs of Leeds adjacent to the Pendas Fields estate near Austhorpe, is named after Smeaton. He"
"required constant maintenance and only produced a limited light. Construction of the present tower began in 1827 by Tomkinson & Company using blocks of interlocking Anglesey granite using dovetail joints and marble dowels. It was designed to use many of the same construction techniques used in the building of John Smeaton's Eddystone Lighthouse 70 years earlier. Modelled on the trunk of an oak tree, it is a free standing white painted tower with a red iron lantern. It is 29 m (95 ft) tall. It was first lit in 1830 and was in continuous use until decommissioned in October 1973"
"Heaton Park Heaton Park is a municipal park in Manchester, England, covering an area of over . The park includes the grounds of a Grade I listed, neoclassical 18th century country house, Heaton Hall. The hall, remodelled by James Wyatt in 1772, is now only open to the public on an occasional basis as a museum and events venue. Heaton Park was sold to Manchester City Council in 1902 by the Earl of Wilton. It has one of the United Kingdom's few concrete towers, the Heaton Park BT Tower. The park was renovated as part of a millennium project partnership"
"Clock Tower, Clevedon A Victorian Clock Tower located in the heart of the Triangle shopping centre in Clevedon, Somerset, England. It has been designated as a Grade II listed building. The clock tower was given to the town in the late 19th century by Sir Charles Elton to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, and is decorated with Elton Ware pottery tiles, and an image of Father Time, also made from Elton Ware pottery, provided by his grandson Sir Edmund Elton, both residents of nearby Clevedon Court. At the base of the tower is a drinking fountain, but it"
"Park. In the North Wirral Coastal Park, Leasowe Lighthouse was built in 1763 and is the oldest brick-built lighthouse in Britain. The lighthouse was built because of the sandbanks just offshore. It has been restored and is open to the public at times. The Moreton Hills Golf Centre has a driving range which is situated adjacent to the Tarran Way Industrial Estate. Moreton Football Club was on Upton Road, and is now based at Sandbrook Lane, as Sandbrook FC. Moreton is situated at the roundabout junction of roads from Bidston (the A553), Leasowe (the A551), Meols (the A553) and Upton"
"Leaton Leaton is a small village in Shropshire, England. It is situated on the B5067, Shrewsbury to Baschurch road, in the parish of Pimhill. The village has an impressive church, the Holy Trinity. This was built in 1859, with the tower added in 1872, by Shrewsbury architect Samuel Pountney Smith. The Shrewsbury to Chester Line runs through, though the nearest railway station is at Shrewsbury, as the former Leaton railway station closed to passengers in 1960. The signal box went in 1988, but today there remains a level crossing. A small industrial estate now exists at the former railway sidings."
"has been out of use for many years. Clock Tower, Clevedon A Victorian Clock Tower located in the heart of the Triangle shopping centre in Clevedon, Somerset, England. It has been designated as a Grade II listed building. The clock tower was given to the town in the late 19th century by Sir Charles Elton to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, and is decorated with Elton Ware pottery tiles, and an image of Father Time, also made from Elton Ware pottery, provided by his grandson Sir Edmund Elton, both residents of nearby Clevedon Court. At the base of"
"striking cream and red colour, but in the late 1970s, the original sandstone was again exposed. The Fleetwood terminal loop of the Blackpool tramway runs past the foot of the lighthouse. The lighthouse is managed by the Port of Fleetwood. The interior is closed to the general public. <br> Pharos Lighthouse (Fleetwood) The Pharos Lighthouse (also known as the Upper Lighthouse) is a tall sandstone lighthouse situated in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England. The lighthouse was designed in 1839 by Decimus Burton and Capt H.M. Denham. Burton has been commissioned three years previously by Sir Peter Hesketh Fleetwood as the architect of"
"the development of cements while planning the construction of the third Eddystone Lighthouse (1755–59) in the English Channel now known as Smeaton's Tower. He needed a hydraulic mortar that would set and develop some strength in the twelve-hour period between successive high tides. He performed experiments with combinations of different limestones and additives including trass and pozzolanas and did exhaustive market research on the available hydraulic limes, visiting their production sites, and noted that the ""hydraulicity"" of the lime was directly related to the clay content of the limestone used to make it. Smeaton was a civil engineer by profession,"
"Street. The lighthouse is currently maintained by the Bristol Port Company. The light was refurbished in 2012. <br> <br> <br> Portishead Point lighthouse Portishead Point lighthouse, which is more commonly known as Battery Point lighthouse, in Portishead, Somerset, England was built in 1931. The lighthouse was built at Battery Point by the Chance Brothers of Smethwick. It consists of a black metal pyramid on a concrete base. A two tonne fog bell, cast by Gillett & Johnston of Croydon, which used to hang on the structure was removed in 1998. Following public campaigning for restoration the bell was acquired by"
"Embleton Tower Embleton Tower is a peel tower and Grade I listed building in the village of Embleton in Northumberland, England. Tradition states that in 1395, the tower was built to protect the minister and church goers of Embleton's Church of the Holy Trinity after the village suffered from a raid by the Scots. It was provided for the vicar of Embleton by Merton College, Oxford, who held the patronage of the parish, in 1332. According to the Montagu Francis Finch Osborn (1843-1910), vicar of Embleton in 1884, the vicarage was erected at three different periods; by 1416, the Vicar's"
"lighthouse, built as a conical wooden structure around a core of brick and concrete. A temporary light was first shone from it in 1708 and the work was completed in 1709. This proved more durable, surviving until 1755 when it burnt to the ground. The civil engineer, John Smeaton, rebuilt the lighthouse from 1756–59; his tower marked a major step forward in the design of lighthouses and remained in use until 1877. He modelled the shape of his lighthouse on that of an oak tree, using granite blocks. He pioneered the use of ""hydraulic lime,"" a form of concrete that"
"lighthouse: it has never had a functional light. However, it was designed to resemble one, and is similar to the Third Eddystone Lighthouse (Smeaton's Tower). It is a Grade II* listed building, meaning that it is of more than local interest, and the monument stands as one of the iconic symbols of the Northwest of England. It is built of limestone quarried locally at Birkrigg Common. Due to its elevated and exposed position, it is one of the most prominent landmarks in Cumbria. The hollow tower can be ascended via a spiral stone staircase of 112 steps. At the top,"
"to the Royal Society by physician Edward Spry, and the piece of lead is now in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland. The third lighthouse marked a major step forward in the design of such structures. Recommended by the Royal Society, civil engineer John Smeaton modelled the shape on an oak tree, built of granite blocks. He pioneered 'hydraulic lime', a concrete that cured under water, and developed a technique of securing the granite blocks using dovetail joints and marble dowels. Construction started in 1756 at Millbay and the light was first lit on 16 October 1759. Smeaton's"
"was donated. St. Catherine's Down St. Catherine's Down is a chalk down on the Isle of Wight, located near St Catherine's Point, the southernmost point on the island. The Down rises to 240 metres at its highest point, between the towns of Niton and Chale. Upon the hill is St. Catherine's Oratory (known locally as the pepperpot""), which is a stone lighthouse built in the 14th century by Walter De Godeton. It is the second oldest, and only surviving medieval, lighthouse in the British Islands: only the Roman lighthouse at Dover is older. Reportedly, de Godeton was found guilty for"
"St. Catherine's Oratory St. Catherine's Oratory is a medieval lighthouse on St. Catherine's Down, above the southern coast of the Isle of Wight. It was built by Lord of Chale Walter de Godeton (sometimes spelled ""Goditon"") as an act of penance for plundering wine from the wreck of St. Marie of Bayonne in Chale Bay on 20 April 1313. The tower is known locally as the ""Pepperpot"" because of its likeness. It is Britain's only surviving medieval lighthouse, and the second oldest (only the Roman lighthouse at Dover being older). It is a stone structure four stories high, octagonal on"
"been replaced by a large water tank. Of the old Smeaton high light only the foundations remain.) The 1895 lighthouse is a round brick tower, high, painted black and white. It was designed by Thomas Matthews. Its main light had a range of , and in addition there were separate sector lights, two of which marked particular shoals or sandbanks, while another indicated the main channel along the Humber. Due to improvements in navigation, the light was discontinued in 1985. Since then, the lighthouse has remained empty. In 2013, however, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust was awarded a £470,500 grant to restore"
"Winterton Lighthouse Winterton Lighthouse is located in Winterton-on-Sea in the English county of Norfolk. A lighthouse has been known to have stood in this location since the 17th century The first lighthouse was constructed between 1616 and 1618 and was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt in 1687 and had an octagonal tower and was privately owned by the Turner family. The owners were entitled to a penny for every ton for every ship that sailed within the light. It can be seen clearly on Faden's large-scale map (at one inch to the mile) of the county of Norfolk of"
"erected in 1666 towards the eastern section of Plymouth Hoe, to defend the port from naval attacks, suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces. Currently, guided tours are available in the summer months. Further west is Smeaton's Tower, which is a standard lighthouse that was constructed in 1759. Furthermore, Smeaton’s Tower was dismantled in 1877 and the top two thirds were reassembled on Plymouth Hoe. It is open to the public and has views over the Plymouth Sound and the city from the lantern room. Plymouth has 20 war memorials of which nine are on The Hoe"
"and hence within the county of Devon. There have been four lighthouses on the Eddystone Rocks. Winstanley (two versions; the second however just replaced the top of the structure), Rudyard, Smeaton and finally the Douglass Lighthouse, which is the present one. When the Douglass Lighthouse was completed the people of Plymouth, grateful for the countless lives which had been saved since the introduction of the lighthouses, paid for the dismantling of the Smeaton Lighthouse from the red rocks of Eddystone and reassembly at Plymouth Hoe, where it is a popular tourist attraction today. A traditional sea-shanty ""The Eddystone Light"" chronicles"
"run events such as the 'Race for Life' and seasonal fairs are located near the Papal monument. There is a large bonfire and firework display held on 5 November (Guy Fawkes Night) each year. The Shakespeare's Globe Theatre performs open-air theatre annually with performances of Shakespeare's greatest works in 2008, 2009 and ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"" in June 2010. Heaton Park Heaton Park is a municipal park in Manchester, England, covering an area of over . The park includes the grounds of a Grade I listed, neoclassical 18th century country house, Heaton Hall. The hall, remodelled by James Wyatt in"
"Flamborough Head Lighthouse Flamborough Head Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located at Flamborough, East Riding of Yorkshire. England. Flamborough Head Lighthouse acts as a waypoint for passing deep sea vessels and coastal traffic, and marks Flamborough Head for vessels heading towards Scarborough and Bridlington. The first lighthouse, built by Sir John Clayton, was completed in 1674 and is one of the oldest surviving complete lighthouses in England. Built from chalk, it was never lit. This is now a Grade II* listed building. The present lighthouse, designed by Samuel Wyatt and costing £8,000 to build, was first lit on 1 December"
"tallest street lights in Britain. Eric Claxton was chief engineer of Stevenage from 1962 to 1972, and the comprehensive separate cycle network was planned and implemented by him during that period. Despite this network, the bike mode share is 2.7%. Claxton was also of the view that Stevenage should contain as few traffic lights as possible, hence his preference for roundabouts to regulate traffic flow. He was so adamant about roundabouts that he had a house built for himself on the gyratory system in the Old Town. Stevenage is served by the A1(M) motorway. The old Great North Road passes"
"into a Marine Heritage Centre. The fog signal was discontinued in the 1980s. The notable red horn was removed, however, the building that housed the siren is still in place and now houses a radar mast, and the five pressurised air tanks are still in place. <br> <br> Bressay Lighthouse Bressay Lighthouse is still an active lighthouse in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, south-east of Lerwick. It is located on the island of Bressay at Kirkabister Ness overlooking Bressay Sound. Bressay Lighthouse was one of four lighthouses built in Shetland between 1854 and 1858 which were designed by brothers David Stevenson"
"both the lighthouse towers and the beacons in 2011. Whitby Lighthouse, operated by Trinity House, is located outside the town, to the south east, on Ling Hill. On the West Cliff is a statue of Captain James Cook who served his apprenticeship in the town, and a whalebone arch, commemorates the whaling industry. It is the second such arch, the original is preserved in Whitby Archives Heritage Centre. By the inner harbour is a statue commemorating William Scoresby, designer of the crow's nest. On the outskirts of town to the west is the 19th-century Sneaton Castle built by James Wilson"
"lighthouse-like appearance once again. Winterton Lighthouse Winterton Lighthouse is located in Winterton-on-Sea in the English county of Norfolk. A lighthouse has been known to have stood in this location since the 17th century The first lighthouse was constructed between 1616 and 1618 and was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt in 1687 and had an octagonal tower and was privately owned by the Turner family. The owners were entitled to a penny for every ton for every ship that sailed within the light. It can be seen clearly on Faden's large-scale map (at one inch to the mile) of the"
"Beach Lighthouse (Fleetwood) The Beach Lighthouse (also known as the Lower Light) is a tall sandstone lighthouse situated in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England. The lighthouse was designed in 1839 by Decimus Burton and Capt H.M. Denham. Burton had been commissioned three years previously by Sir Peter Hesketh Fleetwood as the architect of the new town of Fleetwood. Unusual for a lighthouse, it is in neoclassical style with a square colonnaded base, square tower, and octagonal lantern and gallery. The Lower Light stands on Fleetwood sea front and was built with its counterpart—the Upper Light, or Pharos Lighthouse—to provide a navigational guide"