"Polynesian Dog The Polynesian Dog (""Canis lupus familiaris"" formerly ""Canis pacificus"") refers to a few extinct varieties of domesticated pariah dogs from the islands of Polynesia. These dogs were used for both companionship and food and were introduced alongside poultry and pigs to various islands. They became extinct as a result of the cross-breeding that occurred after other breeds of dogs were introduced. Modern studies done on the DNA of the Polynesian dogs indicate that they descended from the domesticated dogs of Southeast Asia and may have shared a remote ancestor with the dingo. In 1839, the British naturalist Charles"
"identified as ""Canis lupus familiaris"". In 2015, a zooarchaeologist stated that ""In terms of phenotypes, dogs and wolves are fundamentally different animals."" In 1986, a study of skull morphology found that the domestic dog is morphologically distinct from all other canids except the wolf-like canids. ""The difference in size and proportion between some breeds are as great as those between any wild genera, but all dogs are clearly members of the same species."" In 2010, a study of dog skull shape compared to extant carnivorans proposed that ""The greatest shape distances between dog breeds clearly surpass the maximum divergence between"
"determined in Canis lupus familiaris, with the Carnivora order hypothesized as the putative origin of the TRG locus. Forty genes were discovered of the following three types: variable (TRGV), joining (TRGJ), and constant (TRGC). These genes are organized into eight cassettes aligned with the same transcriptional orientation. Each cassette is composed of a V-J-J-C unit, except one with a J-J-C unit on the 3’ end of the locus. The canine locus is approximately 460 kb in length. Eight of the sixteen total TRGV genes, seven of the sixteen TRGJ genes, and six of the eight TRGC genes were determined to"
"keeper, she did not fully exhibit her proper periods; but this case, from numerous instances have occurred of fertile hybrids from these two animals, was certainly exceptional. Canid hybrid Canid hybrids are the result of interbreeding between different species of the canine (dog) family (genus ""Canis""). They often occur in the wild, in particular between domestic or feral dogs and wild native canids. The wolf-like canids are a group of large carnivores that are genetically closely related because their chromosomes number 78. The group includes genus ""Canis"", ""Cuon"" and ""Lycaon"". The members are the dog ""(C. lupus familiaris)"", gray wolf"
"reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of ""C. lupus"". The gray wolf is the second most specialised member of the genus ""Canis"", after the Ethiopian wolf, as demonstrated by its morphological adaptations to hunting large prey, its more gregarious nature, and its highly advanced expressive behavior. It is nonetheless closely related enough to smaller ""Canis"" species, such as the coyote, and golden jackal, to produce fertile hybrids. It is the only species of ""Canis"" to have a range encompassing both the Old and New Worlds, and originated in Eurasia during the Pleistocene, colonizing North America on at least three"
"The nominate subspecies is the Eurasian wolf (""Canis lupus lupus""), also known as the common wolf. The subspecies includes the domestic dog, dingo, eastern wolf and red wolf, but lists ""C. l. italicus""as a synonym of ""C. l. lupus"". However, the classification of several as either species or subspecies has recently been challenged. The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of at least 300 thousand years. The gray wolf ""Canis lupus"" is a highly adaptable species that is able to exist in a range of environments and which possesses a wide distribution across the Holarctic. Studies"
"Wolf The wolf (""Canis lupus""), also known as the grey/gray wolf or timber wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America. It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females . It is distinguished from other ""Canis"" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle. Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur. ""Mammal Species of the World"" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard"
"In 2016, the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario recognized the Algonquin wolf as a ""Canis sp."" (""Canis"" species) differentiated from the hybrid Great Lakes wolves and was the result of ""hybridization and backcrossing among Eastern Wolf (""Canis lycaon"") (aka ""C. lupus lycaon""), Gray Wolf (""C. lupus""), and Coyote (""C. latrans"")"". The first published name of a taxon belonging to the genus ""Canis"" from North America is ""Canis lycaon"". It was published in 1775 by the German naturalist Johann Schreber who had based it on the earlier description and illustration of one specimen that was thought"
"are closer to the jackal. This indicates that these are the descendants of an ancient wolf distribution. In April 2009, the Latin binom ""Canis indica"" had been proposed for these 2 haplotypes as a nomenclatural and taxonomic split from ""Canis lupus"" as a new species through the Nomenclature Specialist on the CITES Animals Committee. The committee recommended against this proposal but recommended that the name be entered into the species database as a synonym of the name under which it was listed. The proposal was based on one study that relied on only a limited number of museum and zoo"
"deposits that date 700,000 years ago. This canine shows a morphology more closely associated with canids from Eurasia rather than Africa. Canis Canis is a genus of the Canidae containing multiple extant species, such as wolves, coyotes, jackals, dingoes, and dogs. Species of this genus are distinguished by their moderate to large size, their massive, well-developed skulls and dentition, long legs, and comparatively short ears and tails. The generic name ""Canis"" means ""dog"" in Latin. The term ""canine"" comes from the adjective form, ""caninus"" (""of the dog""), from which the term canine tooth is also derived. The canine family has"
"Canis lepophagus Canis lepophagus (Latin: ""canis"": 'dog', leporem: 'hare' or 'rabbit', suffix -phagus: '-eating'; hence hare-eating dog) is an extinct species of canid which was endemic to much of North America. It is notable because its lineage is proposed to have led to both wolves and coyotes. Early Pliocene in North America. There is general agreement on the most ancient record, which shows that Feliforms and Caniforms emerged within the super-family Carnivoramorpha 43 million YBP. The caniforms included the fox-like genus ""Leptocyon"" whose various species existed from 34 million YBP before branching 11.9 million YBP into vulpes (foxes) and canini"
"2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed under the wolf ""Canis lupus"" the subspecies ""Canis lupus arabs"". A 2014 study suggests that genetically the Arabian wolf is closer to ""C. l. lupus"" than it is to ""C. l. pallipes"" and supports the subspecies designation ""C. l. arabs"". There has been admixture with domestic dogs but it is unclear whether this is why this wolf is genetically closer to ""C. l. lupus"". This raises a concern of extinction by hybridization as Arabian wolves are more adapted to desert life than wolf/dog hybrids. In Israel and the Palestinian Territories there is some"
"tribe Vulpini, which consists of 12 extant species. It is classified under the subfamily Caninae of the canid family Canidae. Although it has previously been assigned to its own monotypic genus ""Alopex"", recent genetic evidence now places it in the genus ""Vulpes"" along with the majority of other foxes. It was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of ""Systema Naturae"" in 1758 as ""Canis lagopus"". The type specimen was recovered from Lapland, Sweden. The generic name ""vulpes"" is Latin for ""fox"". The specific name ""lagopus"" is derived from Ancient Greek λαγώς (""lagōs"", ""hare"") and πούς (""pous"", ""foot""),"
"a fear of humans from hunters and shepherds. The English 'wolf' stems from the Old English ""wulf"", which is itself thought to be derived from the Proto-Germanic ""*wulfaz"". The Latin ""lupus"" is a Sabine loanword. Both derive from the Proto-Indo-European root ""*wlqos"" or ""*lukos"". The species ""Canis lupus"" was first recorded by Carl Linnaeus in his publication ""Systema Naturae"" in 1758, with the Latin classification translating into the English words ""dog wolf"". The thirty-seven subspecies of ""Canis lupus"" are listed under the designated common name of ""wolf"" in Mammal Species of the World third edition that was published in 2005."
"are another biological sub-variations of hybrids between coyotes and gray wolves; the dog being considered the domesticated form of ""Canis lupus"". Coywolf Coywolf (sometimes called woyote) is an informal term for a canid hybrid descended from coyotes, eastern wolves and gray wolves. All members of the genus ""Canis"" are genetically closely related because their chromosomes number 78, therefore they can interbreed. One genetic study indicates that these two species genetically diverged relatively recently (around 55,000–117,000 years ago). Genomic studies indicate that nearly all North American gray wolf populations possess some degree of admixture with coyotes following a geographic cline, with"
"(""Canis lupus familiaris""): Domesticated dogs have had humans as part of dog social structure for at least 12,000 years, and human behaviour is not the same as wolf behaviour. Studies of dog behaviour include studies of dogs and their interactions with humans, and ""dumped"" or ""road"" dogs that were raised by humans and then left to fend for themselves. Animals which typically predominate over others are associated with the term ""alpha"". Among pack-living wolves, alpha wolves are the genetic parents of most cubs in the pack. Such access to mating females creates strong selective pressure for intra-sex competition. Wolves show"
"lupus × C. latrans"". However, a 1971 study compared the cerebellum within the brain of 6 ""Canis"" species and found that the cerebellum of the red wolf indicated a distinct species, was closest to that of the gray wolf, but in contrast indicated some characteristics that were more primitive than those found in any of the other ""Canis"" species. In 2014, a three dimensional morphometrics study of ""Canis"" species accepted only 6 red wolf specimens for analysis from those on offer due to the impact of hybridization on the others. Different DNA studies may give conflicting results because of the"
"scientists agreed that this was a canis while some pointed the possibility of a Eurasian wolf that fled from a mobile zoo 4 or 5 days before, however a staff of the zoo checked the corpse and confirmed that the animal captured was different. Japanese wolf The (""Canis lupus hodophilax"") is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf that was once endemic to the islands of Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū in the Japanese archipelago. It is also known as the Honshū wolf. Its binomial name derives from the Greek ""Hodos"" (path) and ""phylax"" (guardian), in reference to Japanese folklore, which"
"Subspecies of Canis lupus ""Canis lupus"" has 38 subspecies listed in the taxonomic authority ""Mammal Species of the World"", 2005 edition. These subspecies were named over the past 250 years, and since their naming a number of them have gone extinct. The nominate subspecies is ""Canis lupus lupus"". ""Canis lupus"" is assessed as least concern by the IUCN, as its relatively widespread range and stable population trend mean that the species, at global level, does not meet, or nearly meet, any of the criteria for the threatened categories. However, some local populations are classified as endangered, and some subspecies are"
"The inclusion of ""familiaris"" and ""dingo"" under a ""domestic dog"" clade has been noted by other mammalogists. This classification by Wozencraft is debated among zoologists. The origin of the domestic dog is not clear. It is known that the dog was the first domesticated species. The domestic dog is a member of the genus ""Canis"" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore. The closest living relative of the dog is the gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage. The dog and the"
"Red wolf The red wolf (""Canis lupus rufus"" or ""Canis rufus"") is a canid native to the southeastern United States. Morphologically it is intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is of a reddish, tawny color. The Red Wolf is a federally listed endangered species of the United States and is protected by law. It has been listed by IUCN as a critically endangered species since 1996. It is considered the rarest species of wolf and is one of the five most endangered species of canid in the world. Red wolves were originally distributed throughout the eastern United States"
"than to the ancient Etruscan wolf (""C. etruscus""). Although the Etruscan wolf was the first of the genus ""Canis"" to reach Europe around 2.2 million years ago, the Arno River dog was the first of the more modern canids to arrive in Europe around 1.9 million years ago. It is probably the ancestor of modern jackals. ""C. arnensis"" was a medium-sized canid, with a close affinity to modern canids. It had a slightly smaller cranial length than both ""C. etruscus"" and the extant ""C. lupus"". ""C. arnensis"" featured a lower and more pronounced forehead, with less-developed sagittal and nuchal crests"
"postorbital process; the posterior expansion of the paroccipital process; the enlargement of the mastoid process; and the lack of lateral flare of the orbital border of the zygoma. The genus ""Canis"" (Carl Linnaeus, 1758) was published in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae and included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, coyotes and jackals. All species within ""Canis"" are phylogenetically closely related with 78 chromosomes and can potentially interbreed. In 1926, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) in Opinion 91 included Genus ""Canis"" on its ""Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology"". In 1955, the ICZN's Direction"
"""Canis lupus"" in the taxonomic authority ""Mammal Species of the World"" (2005). A haplotype is a group of genes found in an organism that are inherited together from one of their parents. Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) passes along the maternal line and can date back thousands of years. A 2005 study compared the mitochondrial DNA sequences of modern wolves with those from 34 specimens dated between 1856 and 1915. The historic population was found to possess twice the genetic diversity of modern wolves, which suggests that the mDNA diversity of the wolves eradicated from the western U.S. was more than twice"
"on Phillip's brief description and illustration, the ""Dog of New South Wales"" was classified by Friedrich Meyer as ""Canis dingo"". In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA indicated that the domestic dog may have originated from multiple grey wolf populations, with the dingo and New Guinea singing dog ""breeds"" having developed at a time when human populations were more isolated from each other. In the third edition of ""Mammal Species of the World"" published in 2005, the mammalogist listed under the wolf ""Canis lupus"" its wild subspecies, and proposed two additional subspecies: """"familiaris"" Linneaus, 1758 [domestic dog]"" and """"dingo"" Meyer,"
"and ""Cuon"". Lycaon (genus) Lycaon is a genus of canid. There are two known species: the extant ""Lycaon pictus"", a canid with common names including ""African wild dog"", ""painted dog"", ""ornate wolf"", and ""African hunting dog""; and the extinct, less cursorial ""Lycaon sekowei"", known from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of South Africa. This hypercarnivorous and highly cursorial genus is distinguished by accessory cusps on the premolars. It branched off from the wolf-like canids lineage during the Plio-Pleistocene. Since then, ""Lycaon"" has become lighter and tetradactyl, but has remained hypercarnivorous. Some authors consider the extinct ""Canis"" subgenus ""Xenocyon"" as ancestral to"
"in his famous poem ""Epitaph to a Dog"": Dogs in religion Dogs (""Canis lupus familiaris""), which are mankind's first and most common domestic animals, have played a role in many religious traditions. Below entries are arranged in alphabetical order. Dogs had a major religious and symbolic significance to the Aztec peoples of central Mexico. Several ancient burial sites for dogs have been discovered in Mexico. Xolotl, an Aztec god of death, was depicted as a dog-headed monster. The dog is one of the 12 animals honored in Chinese astrology. The second day of the Chinese New Year is considered to"
"Lycaon (genus) Lycaon is a genus of canid. There are two known species: the extant ""Lycaon pictus"", a canid with common names including ""African wild dog"", ""painted dog"", ""ornate wolf"", and ""African hunting dog""; and the extinct, less cursorial ""Lycaon sekowei"", known from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of South Africa. This hypercarnivorous and highly cursorial genus is distinguished by accessory cusps on the premolars. It branched off from the wolf-like canids lineage during the Plio-Pleistocene. Since then, ""Lycaon"" has become lighter and tetradactyl, but has remained hypercarnivorous. Some authors consider the extinct ""Canis"" subgenus ""Xenocyon"" as ancestral to both ""Lycaon"""
"that dogs originated about 100,000 years ago. Prior to the modern dog, the dire wolf, known as Canis dirus, occupied North America alongside its evolutionary predecessor, Canis lupus. Both grey wolves, Canis lupus the smaller of the two, are believed to have coexisted for 400,000 years, including the time period at which humans first entered the continent. The earliest example of Canis lupus is the Himalayan wolf, native to Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh (Indian states), Nepal and Tibet. This particular Himalayan wolf is considered to have originated 800,000 years ago. These early traces, along with others in Eurasia, show a wide"
"Canis Majoris itself is known as (, .) Kappa Canis Majoris Kappa Canis Majoris, Latinized from κ Canis Majoris, is a solitary, blue-white hued star in the constellation Canis Major. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.87. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.70 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located about 660 light years from the Sun. This is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B1.5 Ve, although Hiltner et al. (1969) classified it as B1.5 IVe suggesting it is a subgiant star. The 'e' suffix"
"Trichodectes canis Trichodectes canis, also known as canine chewing louse, is a chewing louse found on domesticated dogs and wild canids throughout the world. ""T. canis"" is a well-known vector for the dog tapeworm, ""Dipylidium caninum"". ""T. canis"" usually does not present any major problems to the host, however, can be very irritating in heavy infestations. In North America and most developed countries, ""T. canis"" infestation of domesticated dogs is very uncommon as long as they are properly cared for and healthy. Poorly taken care of dogs are more prone to getting a lice infestation. ""Trichodectes canis"" is a louse"
"Fuegian dog The Fuegian dog (), also known as the Yaghan dog, is an extinct domesticated fox. It was a domesticated form of the culpeo, )""Lycalopex culpaeus""), unlike other domesticated canids – dogs, domesticated from the gray wolf (""Canis lupus""), and the domesticated red fox, from the red fox (""Vulpes vulpes""). There are very few remaining specimens of the Fuegian dog. These include one in the Museo Salesiano Maggiorino Borgatello in Chile, and another in the Fagnano Regional Museum in Tierra del Fuego. Fuegian dogs had erect ears, sharp snout and a thick tail and were tawny-colored or entirely white."
"28,000-year-old wolf specimen from the Yana River on the northern coast of arctic Siberia matched the mDNA haplotype of the Japanese wolf, which indicates that they shared common ancestry and a wider distribution. ""Canis lupus hodophilax"" was described by Temminck in 1839 as smaller than ""Canis lupus lupus"" (Linnaeus 1758) and of shorter legs, with its coat smooth and short. The Japanese wolf was smaller in size compared to the Hokkaido wolf and other gray wolves from the Asian and North American continents. It stood 56–58 cm at the withers. There are four mounted specimens believed to be ""Canis lupus"