"to traditional approaches, satellite images do not account for cloud composition. Oktas are often referenced in aviation weather forecasts and low level forecasts: SKC = Sky clear (0 oktas); FEW = Few (1 to 2 oktas); SCT = Scattered (3 to 4 oktas); BKN = Broken (5 to 7 oktas); OVC = Overcast (8 oktas); NSC = nil significant cloud; CAVOK = ceiling and visibility okay. Okta In meteorology, an okta is a unit of measurement used to describe the amount of cloud cover at any given location such as a weather station. Sky conditions are estimated in terms of"
"Oka (mass) The oka, okka, or oke (Ottoman Turkish اوقه) was an Ottoman measure of mass, equal to 400 dirhems (Ottoman drams). Its value varied, but it was standardized in the late empire as 1.2829 kilograms. 'Oka' is the most usual spelling today; 'oke' was the usual contemporary English spelling; 'okka' is the modern Turkish spelling, and is usually used in academic work about the Ottoman Empire. In Turkey, the traditional unit is now called the ""eski okka"" 'old oka' or ""kara okka"" 'black okka'; the ""yeni okka"" 'new okka' is the kilogram. In Greece, the oka (οκά, plural οκάδες)"
"Octave (electronics) In electronics, an octave (symbol oct) is a logarithmic unit for ratios between frequencies, with one octave corresponding to a doubling of frequency. For example, the frequency one octave from (or above) 40 Hz is 80 Hz. The term is derived from the Western musical scale where an octave is a doubling in frequency. Specification in terms of octaves is therefore common in audio electronics. Along with the decade, it is a unit used to describe frequency bands or frequency ratios. A frequency ratio expressed in octaves is the base-2 logarithm (binary logarithm) of the ratio: An amplifier"
"was standardized at 1.282 kg and remained in use until traditional units were abolished on March 31, 1953—the metric system had been adopted in 1876, but the older units remained in use. In Cyprus, the oka remained in use until the 1980s. In Egypt, the monetary oka weighted 1.23536 kg. In Tripolitania, it weighed 1.2208 kg, equal to 2½ artals. The oka was also used as a unit of volume. In Wallachia, it was 1.283 liters of liquid and 1.537 l of grain (dry measure). In Greece, an oka of oil was 1.280 kg. Oka (mass) The oka, okka, or"
"Octant (instrument) The octant, also called reflecting quadrant, is a measuring instrument used primarily in navigation. It is a type of reflecting instrument. The name ""octant"" derives from the Latin ""octans"" meaning ""eighth part of a circle"", because the instrument's arc is one eighth of a circle. ""Reflecting quadrant"" derives from the instrument using mirrors to reflect the path of light to the observer and, in doing so, doubles the angle measured. This allows the instrument to use a one-eighth of a turn to measure a quarter-turn or quadrant. Isaac Newton's reflecting quadrant was invented around 1699. A detailed description"
"Hungarian units of measurement A number of units of measurement were used in Hungary to measure length, area, volume, etc. Metric system has been adopted in Hungary since 1874 and has been compulsory since 1876. The system before the metric system was the old Vienna system. Several units were used to measure length. Some units are given below: One arsin was equal to 23.01084 in and one stab was equal to 5.18565 ft. One oka was equal from 2.78 to 3.082 lb. Several units were used to measure area. Some units are given below: 1 hold = 4316 m ="
"40 Hz is 1 octave. An amplitude of 52 dB at 4 kHz decreases as frequency increases at −2 dB/oct. What is the amplitude at 13 kHz? Octave (electronics) In electronics, an octave (symbol oct) is a logarithmic unit for ratios between frequencies, with one octave corresponding to a doubling of frequency. For example, the frequency one octave from (or above) 40 Hz is 80 Hz. The term is derived from the Western musical scale where an octave is a doubling in frequency. Specification in terms of octaves is therefore common in audio electronics. Along with the decade, it is"
"Octant (solid geometry) An octant in solid geometry is one of the eight divisions of a Euclidean three-dimensional coordinate system defined by the signs of the coordinates. It is similar to the two-dimensional quadrant and the one-dimensional ray. The generalization of an octant is called orthant. A convention for naming an octant is to give its list of signs, e.g. ( + − − ) or ( − + − ). Octant ( + + + ) is sometimes referred to as the ""first octant"", although similar ordinal name descriptors are not defined for the other seven octants. The advantages"
"are 30103 in an octave, or approximately 100,000 in a decade. The jot is defined in a similar way to the savart, but has a more accurate rounding of log(2) because more digits are used. There are approximately 100 jots in a savart. The unit was first described by Augustus de Morgan (1806-1871) which he called an ""atom"". The name ""jot"" was coined by John Curwen (1816-1880) at the suggestion of Hermann von Helmholtz. Savart The savart is a unit of measurement for musical pitch intervals (). One savart is equal to one thousandth of a decade (10/1: 3,986.313714 cents):"
"Octet (computing) The octet is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that consists of eight bits. The term is often used when the term byte might be ambiguous, as the byte has historically been used for storage units of a variety of sizes. The term ""octad(e)"" for eight bits is no longer common. A variable-length sequence of octets, as in Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), is referred to as an octet string. The international standard IEC 60027-2, chapter 3.8.2, states that a byte is an octet of bits. However, the unit byte has historically been platform-dependent and"
"Optical coherence tomography angiography Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging technique that is capable of visualizing retinal vasculature down to the capillary level without the use of injected dye. OCTA uses low-coherence interferometry to measure changes in backscattered signal intensity or amplitude in order to differentiate areas of blood flow from areas of static tissue. To correct for patient movement during scanning, bulk tissue changes in the axial direction are eliminated, ensuring that all detected changes are due to red blood cell movement. This form of OCT requires a very high sampling density in order to achieve"
"perceived by humans. The perceived air quality is measured in decipol. Olf (unit) The olf is a unit used to measure the strength of a pollution source. It was introduced by Danish professor P. Ole Fanger; the name ""olf"" is derived from the Latin word ""olfactus"", meaning ""smelled"". One olf is the sensory pollution strength from a standard person defined as an average adult working in an office or similar non-industrial workplace, sedentary and in thermal comfort, with a hygienic standard equivalent of 0.7 baths per day and whose skin has a total area of 1.8 square metres. It was"
"pic. A number of different units were used to measure mass. One ukkia (ounce) was equal to 0.03413 kg. One metical (metsquat) was equal to about 0.0047 kg. Some other units are given below: 1 rottolo à thary = 16 ukkia 1 rottolo à khadhary = 18 ukkia 1 rottolo à kebyr = 24 ukkia 1 cantar = 100 rottolo (cantar(kebyr) = 100 rottolo à thary, cantar(khaldary) = 100 rottolo à khadhary, and cantar (thary) = 100 rottolo à thary). In addition to above units, one gyral was equal to 207 mg. Two different systems were used to measure capacity:"
"of using the ( + − − ) notation are its unambiguousness, and extensibility for higher dimensions. Octant (solid geometry) An octant in solid geometry is one of the eight divisions of a Euclidean three-dimensional coordinate system defined by the signs of the coordinates. It is similar to the two-dimensional quadrant and the one-dimensional ray. The generalization of an octant is called orthant. A convention for naming an octant is to give its list of signs, e.g. ( + − − ) or ( − + − ). Octant ( + + + ) is sometimes referred to as the"
"by KNMI (principal investigator Prof. Dr. P. F. Levelt), in close co-operation with NASA and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Ozone monitoring instrument The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) is a visual and ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft. OMI can distinguish between aerosol types, such as smoke, dust, and sulfates, and can measure cloud pressure and coverage, which provide data to derive tropospheric ozone. OMI follows in the heritage of TOMS, SBUV, GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOMOS. It is a wide-field-imaging spectrometer with a 114° across-track viewing angle range that provides a 2600 km wide swath, enabling measurements with a daily"
"Ohmmeter An ohmmeter is an electrical instrument that measures electrical resistance, the opposition to an electric current. Micro-ohmmeters (microhmmeter or microohmmeter) make low resistance measurements. Megohmmeters (also a trademarked device Megger) measure large values of resistance. The unit of measurement for resistance is ohms (Ω). The first ohmmeters were based on a type of meter movement known as a 'ratiometer'. These were similar to the galvanometer type movement encountered in later instruments, but instead of hairsprings to supply a restoring force they used conducting 'ligaments'. These provided no net rotational force to the movement. Also, the movement was wound with"
"Ozone monitoring instrument The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) is a visual and ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft. OMI can distinguish between aerosol types, such as smoke, dust, and sulfates, and can measure cloud pressure and coverage, which provide data to derive tropospheric ozone. OMI follows in the heritage of TOMS, SBUV, GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOMOS. It is a wide-field-imaging spectrometer with a 114° across-track viewing angle range that provides a 2600 km wide swath, enabling measurements with a daily global coverage. OMI is continuing the TOMS record for total ozone and other atmospheric parameters related to ozone chemistry"
"Olf (unit) The olf is a unit used to measure the strength of a pollution source. It was introduced by Danish professor P. Ole Fanger; the name ""olf"" is derived from the Latin word ""olfactus"", meaning ""smelled"". One olf is the sensory pollution strength from a standard person defined as an average adult working in an office or similar non-industrial workplace, sedentary and in thermal comfort, with a hygienic standard equivalent of 0.7 baths per day and whose skin has a total area of 1.8 square metres. It was defined to quantify the strength of pollution sources which can be"
"a unit of measurement, the equivalent of 60 shekels, weighing . Litra A litra (plural: litrae; ) is a small silver coin (or unit of measurement for other precious metals) used in the colonies of Ancient Greece in general and in ancient Sicily in particular. As a coin, the litra was similar in value to the obol and weighed one-third of a Roman libra, i.e. . In silver, the coin weighed and was equal to one-fifth of a drachma. In the 3rd-century apocryphal New Testament text known as the ""Acts of Thomas"", Jesus sells Thomas to an Indian merchant ""for"
"Δ18O In geochemistry, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography ""δ""O or delta-O-18 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes oxygen-18 (O) and oxygen-16 (O). It is commonly used as a measure of the temperature of precipitation, as a measure of groundwater/mineral interactions, and as an indicator of processes that show isotopic fractionation, like methanogenesis. In paleosciences, O:O data from corals, foraminifera and ice cores are used as a proxy for temperature. The definition is, in ""per mil"" (‰, parts per thousand): where the standard has a known isotopic composition, such as Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). The fractionation can arise"
"Hekat (unit) The hekat or heqat (transcribed ""HqA.t"") was an ancient Egyptian volume unit used to measure grain, bread, and beer. It equals 4.8 litres in today's measurements. Until the New Kingdom (NK), the hekat was one tenth of a khar, later one sixteenth; while the New Kingdom ""oipe"" (transcribed ""ip.t"") contained 4 hekat. It was sub-divided into other units – some for medical prescriptions – the ""hin"" (1/10), ""dja"" (1/64) and ""ro"" (1/320). The ""dja"" was recently evaluated by Tanja Pommerening in 2002 to 1/64 of a hekat (75 cc) in the MK, and 1/64 of an oipe (1/16"
"Cypriot units of measurement A number of different units of measurement were used in Cyprus to measure quantities like length, mass, area and capacity. Before the Metric system, the British system was used. In between 1972-1974, metric system was adopted in Cyprus. A number of units were used with British system. One pic is equel to 2 foot (0.6096 m) as an accepted equivalence. A number of units were used to measure mass. One oke (Uqqa) was equal to 2.8 pound av (1.27006 kg) as an accepted equivalent. One moosa (hundredweight) was equal to 50.700 kg as an accepted equivalent."
"constant: Ω ≈ 0.315±0.018 Ω ≈ 9.24×10 Ω ≈ 0.6817±0.0018 Ω= Ω + Ω + Ω= 1.00±0.02 The actual value for critical density value is measured as ρ= 9.47×10 kg m. From these values, within experimental error, the universe seems to be flat. Another way to measure Ω is to do so geometrically by measuring an angle across the observable universe. We can do this by using the CMB and measuring the power spectrum and temperature anisotropy. For an intuition, one can imagine finding a gas cloud that is not in thermal equilibrium due to being so large that light"
"Optical coherence tomography Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses coherent light to capture micrometer-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). It is used for medical imaging and industrial nondestructive testing (NDT). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution. Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers"
"Millioctave The millioctave (mO) is a unit of measurement for musical intervals. As is expected from the prefix milli-, a millioctave is defined as 1/1000 of an octave. From this it follows that one millioctave is equal to the ratio 2, the 1000th root of 2, or approximately 1.0006934 (). Given two frequencies ""a"" and ""b"", the measurement of the interval between them in millioctaves can be calculated by Likewise, if you know a note ""b"" and the number ""n"" of millioctaves in the interval, then the other note ""a"" may be calculated by: Like the more common cent, the"
"by neovascularization. For example, OCTA may theoretically be used to estimate the depth of melanoma on the surface of the skin by probing how deep abnormal blood vessels are found below the skin. This process is already being applied to melanomas on and within the eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging technique that is capable of visualizing retinal vasculature down to the capillary level without the use of injected dye. OCTA uses low-coherence interferometry to measure changes in backscattered signal intensity or amplitude in order to differentiate areas of blood flow from"
"means of graphic symbols (rather than numerals) contained within weather circles, to which are attached further symbols indicating other measured data such as wind speed and wind direction. Although relatively straightforward to measure (visually, for instance, by using a mirror), oktas only estimate cloud cover in terms of the area of the sky covered by clouds. They do not account for cloud type or thickness, and this limits their use for estimating cloud albedo or surface solar radiation receipt. Cloud oktas can also be measured using satellite imagery from geostationary satellites equipped with high-resolution image sensors such as Himawari-8. Similar"
"equal to 19.029 in. A number of units were used to measure mass. One rottolo was equal to 0.512 8 kg as it was defined by metric equivalent. Some other units are given below (Note: these units too were defined by metric equivalents): 1 oka = 2.5 rottolo = 1282 g 1 metical = 4.76 g 1 kharouba = 1/2560 oka 1 dram = 1/160 oka 1 termino = 1/128 oka 1 uckin = 1/16 oka 1 mattaro = 42 oka 1 cantar = 100 oka. In Tripoli, metical (73.6 grains) wnuas to measure gold and silver. Several units were"
"Hvat Hvat () is a historical unit of length that was common in Serbia and Croatia, analogous to fathom. The measurement system based on the hvat is called ""hvatski sistem"" (literally ""hvat system""). 1 hvat equals: 1 metre equals 0.527292 hvats. The hvat measurement system had been developed from Austrian units of measurement, used in Croatia and Vojvodina (northern part of Serbia) while they were parts of Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria-Hungary). Hvat is equal to Austrian measure Viennese ""klafters"". In the hvat system, hvat is used as a basis for the unit of area, called ""kvadratni hvat"" (Serbian) or ""četvorni hvat"""
"decade) is a jot. If formula_1 is the ratio of frequencies of a given interval, the corresponding measure in savarts is given by: formula_2 or formula_3 Like the more common cent, the savart is a logarithmic measure, and thus intervals can be added by simply adding their savart values, instead of multiplying them as you would frequencies. The number of savarts in an octave is 1000 times the base-10 logarithm of 2, or nearly 301.03. Sometimes this is rounded to 300, which makes the unit more useful for equal temperament. The conversion from savarts into cents or millioctaves is: formula_4"
"a movable scanning mirror, which is co-aligned with the field of view of the receiver telescope limiting the effects of background solar radiation. Each pulse provides target range, azimuth, elevation, received intensity and a time-tag. OLA was funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and was built by MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates at Brampton, Ontario, Canada. OLA was delivered for integration with the spacecraft on 17 November 2015. The OSIRIS-REx Visible and IR Spectrometer (OVIRS) is a spectrometer, which measures light to provide mineral and organic spectral maps and local spectral information of candidate sample sites. It also provides full-disc"
"OTDOA OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) is a positioning feature introduced in rel9 E-UTRA (LTE radio). It's a multilateration method in which the User Equipment (UE) measures the time difference between some specific signals from several enodeBs and reports these time differences to a specific device in the network (the ESMLC). The ESMLC based on these time differences and knowledge of the enodeBs locations calculates the UEs' position. In December 2008, due to regulatory requirements like the E911, which require that it should be possible to locate UEs with a certain accuracy, a work item was proposed in the"
"Deca- Deca- or deka- (symbol da) is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system, denoting a factor of ten. The term is derived from the Greek """" (), meaning ""ten"". The prefix was a part of the original metric system in 1795. It is not in very common usage, although the decapascal is occasionally used by audiologists. The decanewton is also encountered occasionally, probably because it is an SI approximation of the kilogram-force. Its use is more common in Central Europe. In German, Polish, Czech, Slovak and Hungarian, ""deka"" (or ""deko"") is common and used as a word on"