"Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene is an incident in the lives of Saint Sebastian and Saint Irene of Rome. It was not prominent in the hagiographical literature until the late Renaissance, and is hardly seen in art before then. As an artistic subject, normally in painting, it suddenly became popular from the 1610s, though found in predella scenes as early as the 15th century, and was most popular until about the 1670s. Though Sebastian is famously tied to a tree or post and shot with many arrows, in his story he had he"
"generally considered the artist's first known Spanish work. The painting depicts Saint Sebastian, as a victim of Diocletian's suppression of Christianity during the 4th century AD. According to popular legend, Sebastian was bound to a tree and shot with arrows, but was miraculously rescued and healed, only to achieve martyrdom when he was clubbed to death shortly thereafter. Saint Sebastian is a popular saint in both the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox traditions. Pierced with arrows—a symbol associated with divine punishment in the form of pestilence since antiquity—and yet miraculously saved from near death, Saint Sebastian was often invoked to"
"Saint Thyrsus Saint Thyrsus or Thyrse (, literally ""thyrsus""; Spanish and ; ; died 251) is venerated as a Christian martyr. He was killed for his faith in Sozopolis (Apollonia), Phrygia, during the persecution of Decius. Leucius (Λεύκιος ""Leúkios"") and Callinicus (Καλλίνικος ""Kallínīkos"") were martyred with him. Tradition states that Thyrsus endured many tortures and was sentenced to be sawn in half. However, the saw did not penetrate as it became so heavy that the executioners could not use it. Saint Leucius, after reproaching the governor, Cumbricius, was hanged, harrowed on his sides, and then beheaded. Callinicus, a pagan priest,"
"Saint Thyrsus Saint Thyrsus or Thyrse (, literally ""thyrsus""; Spanish and ; ; died 251) is venerated as a Christian martyr. He was killed for his faith in Sozopolis (Apollonia), Phrygia, during the persecution of Decius. Leucius (Λεύκιος ""Leúkios"") and Callinicus (Καλλίνικος ""Kallínīkos"") were martyred with him. Tradition states that Thyrsus endured many tortures and was sentenced to be sawn in half. However, the saw did not penetrate as it became so heavy that the executioners could not use it. Saint Leucius, after reproaching the governor, Cumbricius, was hanged, harrowed on his sides, and then beheaded. Callinicus, a pagan priest,"
"hairs; he is of medium stature..."" Christian tradition has three stories about Bartholomew's death: ""One speaks of his being kidnapped, beaten unconscious, and cast into the sea to drown. Another account states that he was crucified upside down, and another says that he was skinned alive and beheaded in Albac or Albanopolis"", near Başkale, Turkey St Bartholomew is the most prominent flayed Christian martyr. During the 16th century, images of the flaying of Bartholomew were so popular that it came to signify the saint in works of art. Consequently, Saint Bartholomew is most often represented being skinned alive. Symbols associated"
"with the equally or more violent death of the Jesuit priest and martyr Saint Edmund Campion (1540–1581) who was publicly hanged, drawn and quartered in London in December 1581. The art critic draws a comparison in the manner of depiction of Campion's death and that of Saint Serapion of Algiers (1179–1240), a Mercedarian friar who fought in the Third Crusade of 1196 and was later martyred. Saint Serapion is depicted by Zurbarán in a quasi-crucified pose, standing with each hand bound by ropes and chain to an overhead horizontal pole. According to Michael Brenson of the ""New York Times"", his"
"although accounts in the various sources are contradictory. William of Poitiers only mentions his death, without giving any details on how it occurred. The Tapestry is not helpful, as it shows a figure holding an arrow sticking out of his eye next to a falling fighter being hit with a sword. Over both figures is a statement ""Here King Harold has been killed"". It is not clear which figure is meant to be Harold, or if both are meant. The earliest written mention of the traditional account of Harold dying from an arrow to the eye dates to the 1080s"
"Cyriacus Cyriacus (fl. 303 AD), sometimes Anglicized as Cyriac, according to Christian tradition, is a Christian martyr who was killed in the persecution of Diocletian. He is one of twenty-seven saints, most of them martyrs, who bear this name, of whom only seven are honoured by a specific mention of their names in the Roman Martyrology. Of the Saint Cyriacus who, together with Saints Largus and Smaragdus and others (of whom Crescentianus, Memmia and Juliana are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology), is venerated on 8 August, all that is known with certainty, apart from their names and the fact of"
"Saint George Saint George (, ""Geṓrgios""; ; d. 23 April 303) was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints and megalo-martyrs in Christianity, and was especially venerated by the Crusaders. In hagiography, as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and one of the most prominent military saints, he is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. His memorial, Saint George's Day, is traditionally celebrated on 23 April."
"Saint George Saint George (, ""Geṓrgios""; ; d. 23 April 303) was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints and megalo-martyrs in Christianity, and was especially venerated by the Crusaders. In hagiography, as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and one of the most prominent military saints, he is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. His memorial, Saint George's Day, is traditionally celebrated on 23 April."
"Mucian Saint Mucian (Mutien, Muziano, Mucianus) is a martyr of the early Christian Church. He was killed with a sword with two other men, named Mark and Paul, as well as a little boy whose name is unknown. The ""Roman Martyrology"" states: ""The holy martyrs Mark and Mucian who were slain with the sword for Christ's sake. When a little boy called upon them with a loud voice that they should not sacrifice to idols, he was ordered to be whipped, and as he then confessed Christ more loudly, he was slain, too, together with one Paul who was exhorting"
"occasion her wounds were healed; on the second, the arrows turned aside; and on the third, they returned and killed six of the archers, after which, several of the others became Christians). Finally the Emperor had her decapitated. The story goes that the decapitation occurred on a Friday at three in the afternoon, as with the death of Jesus. The two anchors, three arrows, the palm and the ivy leaf on the tiles found in the tomb were interpreted as symbols of her martyrdom. In the Neapolitan nun's account, Saint Philomena also revealed that her birthday was January 10, that"
"by the governor of Cappadocia and beaten, combed, and beheaded for not renouncing Christianity. Eventually becoming a popular saint in Medieval Europe and venerated as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, the frequent depiction of St. Blaise in iconography with the iron combs of his martyrdom led to his adoption as the patron saint of wool combers in particular and the wool trade in general. St. Antonius of Beba, a martyr venerated in the Coptic Orthodox Church, was also tortured with iron combs before being beheaded. St. Hilaria, another Coptic martyr, survived torture by combing and other sadistic methods before"
"the visit to be delayed until June of that year. Roman Catholic churches belonging to Polish communities outside Poland are often dedicated to Saint Stanisław. In iconography, Saint Stanisław is usually depicted as a bishop holding a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, and sometimes with Piotr rising from the dead at his feet. Stanislaus of Szczepanów Stanislaus of Szczepanów, or Stanisław Szczepanowski, (July 26, 1030 – April 11, 1079) was a Bishop of Kraków known chiefly for having been martyred by the Polish king Bolesław II the Bold. Stanislaus is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Stanislaus"
"Saint Alban Saint Alban (; ) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, and he is considered to be the British protomartyr. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an early date from Roman Britain (""Amphibalus"" was the name given much later to the priest he was said to have been protecting). He is traditionally believed to have been beheaded in the Roman city of Verulamium (modern St Albans) sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, and his cult has been celebrated there since ancient times. According to the most"
"Victor of Marseilles Saint Victor of Marseilles (died c. 290) was a Christian martyr. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. Saint Victor is said to have been a Roman army officer in Marseille, who publicly denounced the worship of idols. For that, he was brought before the Roman prefects, Asterius and Eutychius, who later sent him to the Emperor Maximian. He was then racked, beaten, dragged through the streets, and thrown into prison, where he converted three other Roman soldiers, Longinus, Alexander, and Felician, who were subsequently beheaded. After refusing to"
"she was beheaded. Kalliopi is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church. She is pictured in art with a hot iron pressed to her breast, emblematic of the branding that she is supposed to have suffered before death. Her feast is celebrated on June 8. Kalliopi (martyr) Kalliopi (Calliope) was a Christian saint of the third century AD. She was executed in 250, near the beginning of Emperor Decius' violent suppression of Christians within the Roman Empire. There are no reliable historic sources for details of Kalliopi's martyrdom, though it is generally accepted that she was beheaded."
"Saint Eubulus Saint Eubulus was martyred March 7, 308 at Caesarea Palestina. Eubulus had traveled with Saint Adrian of Batanea to visit and minister to the Christian congregation there—according to Christian legend. Upon arrival at the gates they were asked their purpose and told the truth, for which they were immediately imprisoned by the guards, under the orders of Governor Firmilian. On March 5 Saint Adrian was offered to a lion, who only mauled him, after which Adrian was killed with a sword. Two days later the judge who condemned Eubulus to the same fate offered him the opportunity to"
"the martyrs."" His feast day is July 3. Mutien-Marie Wiaux (Mucian of Malonne) took his name from this martyr. Mucian Saint Mucian (Mutien, Muziano, Mucianus) is a martyr of the early Christian Church. He was killed with a sword with two other men, named Mark and Paul, as well as a little boy whose name is unknown. The ""Roman Martyrology"" states: ""The holy martyrs Mark and Mucian who were slain with the sword for Christ's sake. When a little boy called upon them with a loud voice that they should not sacrifice to idols, he was ordered to be whipped,"
"(Stephaton's occurs before Jesus' death, Longinus' occurred after.) This is also seen in Irish art Colum Hourihane and others suggest the images should not be read as a simple narrative, but rather a mix of symbolism and representation typical of medieval art. Stephaton Stephaton, or Steven, is the name given in medieval Christian traditions to the Roman soldier, unnamed in the Bible, who offered Jesus a sponge soaked in vinegar wine at the Crucifixion. In later depictions of the Crucifixion, Stephaton is frequently portrayed with Longinus, the name given to the soldier who pierced Jesus' side with a spear. The"
"Harold of Gloucester Saint Harold (died 1168) was a child martyr who was reported to have been slain by Jews in Gloucester, England, in 1168. The claims arose in the aftermath of the circulation of the first blood libel myth following the unsolved murder of William of Norwich. A cult of Harold was briefly promoted in Gloucester, but soon died out. He is one of a small group of 12th century English saints of strikingly similar characteristics: they were all young boys, all mysteriously found dead and all hailed as martyrs to alleged anti-Christian practices among Jews. Contemporary assumptions made"
"as one of the Four Holy Marshals in the Rhineland during the late Middle Ages. A legend told at Carnac states that its stones were once pagan soldiers who had been turned into stone by Cornelius, who was fleeing from them. The Catholic Church commemorated Cornelius by venerating him, with his Saint's Day on 16 September, which he shares with his friend St. Cyprian. His Saint's Day was originally on 14 September, the date on which both St. Cyprian and St. Cornelius were martyred, according to St. Jerome. St. Cornelius's saintly name means ""battle horn"", and he is represented in"
"a saint, thought to be either St. Julian or St. Paul, menacingly staring at the viewer. He holds an item that is a cross between a sword and cross. He was originally thought to have been St. Paul by Boinet, but his clothing is different from the traditional garb of St. Paul. This depiction also lacks his striking pointed beard which is found in another illustration from the Wildenstein collection. The figure seems less a saint than an Italian thug yet the dagger is also thought to relate to St. Julian who killed his parents with a dagger, following a"
"traditions, especially during the 15th century. Today, the legend of Henry is challenged by historians to the point of being labelled as pure imagination. Completely invented saints were not exceptional in Europe, and in the lack of evidence of either the crusade or Henry, that possibility may not be fully denied. The bishop's violent death itself was nothing exceptional and could well have happened. Many bishops were murdered during the turmoils of the 12th and 13th centuries, although most were not elevated to sainthood. Saxo Grammaticus said of the Battle of Fotevik in 1134 that never had so many bishops"
"the plague-dealing archer Apollo, as people sometimes metaphorically compared the random nature of plague to random shots of archers, and thus he started being connected with the plague too. Other frequently depicted saints are St. Barbara, a patron of the dying, and two more recent and historical saints: St. Francis Xavier, who, according to the legend, raised people from the dead, and St. Charles Borromeo, known for working among the sick and the dying. In Imperial Rome, it was the practice to erect a statue of the Emperor atop a column. The last such a column was the Column of"
"saints were all illustrative of martyrdom, austerity or spiritual struggle. Thomas Becket, murdered on the orders of Henry II, one of Haughmond's major benefactors, was a martyr whose cult at Canterbury was the focus for medieval England's most important pilgrimage. Catherine of Alexandria, seen as a virgin martyr, is portrayed with her wheel of martyrdom, taking revenge on the Emperor Maxentius. John the Baptist, closely associated with asceticism and speaking truth to power, and a Biblical type for Becket, clutches the lamb and flag symbol of the Agnus Dei. He is accompanied by Margaret of Antioch, who is spearing a"
"from the latest version of the ""Roman Martyrology"". However, the saint ""had"" been included –under his Latin (and English) name of ""Cucuphas"" rather than ""Cugat."" In the martyrology, he was described as a ""martyr of the persecution of Diocletian, killed with a sword. Fourth century. African."" Saints Juliana and Semproniana are still venerated at Mataró on 27 July. They appear with Cucuphas in the façade of the church of Santa Maria de Mataró. In the folklore and tradition people pray to this saint when they lose things and are not able to find their belongings again. Some knots are made"
"a martyr. Arialdo Saint Arialdo (c. 1010 – June 27, 1066) is a Christian saint of the eleventh century. He was assassinated because of his efforts to reform the Milanese clergy. Arialdo was the child of a noble family, born at ""Cutiacum"" (Cucciago), near Como. After studying in Laon and Paris, he was made a canon in the cathedral city of Milan. According to Andrea da Parma, abbot of San Fedele di Strumi, who wrote a ""Vita"" concerning Arialdo, the church in Milan was rife with immoral clerics, fornicating, sleeping with prostitutes, lending money, and selling indulgences. According to Henry"
"James Intercisus Saint James Intercisus, also known as Saint James the Mutilated (died 421) was a Persian Christian saint. His surname, ""Intercisus"", is derived from the Latin word for ""cut into pieces,"" which refers to the manner of his martyrdom: he was slowly cut into twenty-eight pieces. He survived this loss of limbs before being ultimately beheaded. Tradition states that he was a military officer and courtier to Yazdegerd I who had apostatized after this ruler began to persecute Christians. Under the influence of his Christian family, however, he expressed his faith to Yazdegerd's successor, Bahram V, and was tortured"
"taken, was tied to two palm trees which had been bowed down; when they were released, she was torn asunder. Saint Stephanie Saint Stephanie (died 160) is an Eastern Orthodox saint. Her feast day is November 11, the same as that of Saint Victor of Damascus . She lived in Gamponia during the reign of Antoninus Pius. Roman soldiers arrested Victor as a Christian and cut off his fingers, put out his eyes, and beheaded him. As Stephanie, the wife of a certain soldier, and a Christian, saw Victor's nobility in his sufferings, she loudly cried out to call him"
"ground. Another example includes the ""Flaying of St. Bartholomew"" in the Luttrell Psalter c.1325-40. Bartholomew is depicted on a surgical table, surrounded by tormentors while he is flayed with golden knives. Due to the nature of his martyrdom, Bartholomew is the patron saint of tanners, plasterers, tailors, leatherworkers, bookbinders, farmers, housepainters, butchers, and glove makers. In works of art the saint has been depicted being skinned by tanners, as in Guido da Siena's reliquary shutters with the ""Martyrdoms of St. Francis, St. Claire, St. Bartholomew, and St. Catherine of Alexandria"". Popular in Florence and other areas in Tuscany, the saint"
"to legend, the apostle and martyr Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, was crucified on an X-shaped cross at Patras (Patrae) in Achaea. Use of the familiar iconography of his martyrdom, showing the apostle bound to an X-shaped cross, first appears in the Kingdom of Scotland in 1180 during the reign of William I. This image was again depicted on seals used during the late 13th century; including on one particular example used by the Guardians of Scotland, dated 1286. Use of a simplified symbol associated with Saint Andrew which does not depict his image, namely the saltire, or"
"Santa Maria Antiqua, as evidenced by these frescoes, which not only depicted Dometius but also Saints Barachisius, Euthymius, and Sabas of Palestine. Dometius of Persia Saint Dometius (""Domitius"") the Persian (died 363) is venerated as a Christian martyr and saint. According to tradition, he was martyred by lapidation during the reign of Julian the Apostate with two companions. He was killed at Nisibis in Mesopotamia. The name Domitius appears three times in the ""Roman Martyrology"" on different feast days (August 7, March 23, July 5); “it is uncertain that they were indeed the same person.” Dometius of Persia was depicted"