"validity of the Mon-Khmer sub-grouping and place the Khmer language as its own branch of Austroasiatic equidistant from the other 12 branches of the family. Khmer is spoken by some 13 million people in Cambodia, where it is the official language. It is also a second language for most of the minority groups and indigenous hill tribes there. Additionally there are a million speakers of Khmer native to southern Vietnam (1999 census) and 1.4 million in northeast Thailand (2006). Khmer dialects, although mutually intelligible, are sometimes quite marked. Notable variations are found in speakers from Phnom Penh (Cambodia's capital city),"
"Cambodian French, a remnant of the country's colonial past, is a dialect found in Cambodia and is sometimes used in government, particularly in court. However, since 1993, there has been a growing use of English, which has been replacing French as the main foreign language. English is widely taught in several universities and there is also a significant press in that language, while street signs are now bilingual in Khmer and English. Due to this shift, English is now mostly used in Cambodia's international relationships and has replaced French both in Cambodia's stamps, since 2002, and currency. The Khmer script"
"Khmer. As the voicing of stops was lost, however, the contrast shifted to the phonation of the attached vowels, which, in turn, evolved into a simple difference of vowel quality, often by diphthongization. This process has resulted in the Khmer alphabet having two symbols for most consonant phonemes and each vowel symbol having two possible readings, depending on the series of the initial consonant: Khmer language Khmer or Cambodian (natively ""phiəsaa khmae"" , or more formally ""kheemaʾraʾ phiəsaa"" ) is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia. With approximately 16 million speakers, it is the"
"French language in Cambodia Cambodia is the smallest of the three Francophone communities in Southeast Asia, the others being found in Vietnam and Laos. Out of all Asian Francophone nations, Cambodia is where French has declined the most. In 2014, French was spoken by people as a foreign language, which is 3% of the country's population and by only 873 people as a mother tongue according to the country's 2008 census. The French language began its presence in Cambodia in the late 19th century after French explorers and merchants made their way from Vietnam into Cambodia. In 1863, Cambodia became"
"Cambodian, Cantonese Chinese, and Teochew Chinese. Cambodian French is based on standard Parisian French but contains more differences from standard French than the dialects of Vietnam and Laos. French-language media is present in Cambodia, though less so than in Vietnam and Laos. The nation boasts a French-language newspaper, ""Cambodge Nouveau"" (and had another, ""Cambodge Soir"", until 2010), as well as French-language television channels. French language in Cambodia Cambodia is the smallest of the three Francophone communities in Southeast Asia, the others being found in Vietnam and Laos. Out of all Asian Francophone nations, Cambodia is where French has declined the"
"Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; ; ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia (, , ; ), is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The sovereign state of Cambodia has a population of over 16 million. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, practised by approximately 95 percent of the population. The country's minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 hill tribes. The capital and largest"
"Cambodian Canadians Cambodian Canadians, also known as Khmer Canadians, are Canadians of Cambodian ethnic origin or ancestry. According to the 2016 national census, there were 38,490 Canadian Cambodians, making them one of the smallest minority groups of Asian ancestry in the country. Aside from Khmer, Canadian French and English, many Cambodian Canadians also speak Standard French, due to France's colonization and historical influence on Cambodia, when French was designated as an official language. Theravada Buddhism and Roman Catholicism are the two major religions among Cambodian Canadians. During the Khmer Rouge genocide of 1975-1979, Cambodians of many ethnic backgrounds escaped to"
"the official language of Cambodia which was once a French protectorate called Cambodge in French. The French had many influences on the Khmer language, such as the pronunciation of Mercedes. Many technical terms used today in Khmer are of French origin. Barang is also used as a suffix in some Khmer words such as ""môn barang"" () which is transliterally French chicken, but refers to a turkey. Another word is ""kh'teum barang"" () which is transliterally ""French allium"" and means an onion. ""Barangsaes"" () is another Khmer term that shows its relation with the word Français, but it is rarely"
"Signs and Signals but have yet to ratify the convention. Road signs in Cambodia Road signs in Cambodia (Khmer:ឧបសម្ព័ទ្ឋ ស្តីពី សញ្ញាចរាចរផ្លូវគោក) are standardized road signs similar to those used in other nations but with certain differences. Until the early 1980s, Cambodia closely followed US, Australian, and Japanese practices in road sign design, with diamond-shaped warning signs and circular restrictive signs to regulate traffic. Cambodia traffic signs use Khmer, the national language of Cambodia, however, English is also used for stop and important public places such as tourist attractions, airports, railway stations, and immigration checkpoints. Both Khmer and English are used"
"Cambodia as a result of persecution and forced assimilation by communist Vietnam. All three varieties of Khmer are mutually intelligible. While the Khmer language of Cambodia proper is non-tonal, surrounding languages such as Thai, Vietnamese and Lao are all highly tonal and have thus affected the dialects of Northern Khmer and Khmer Krom. Prior to the Cambodian Civil War, the Vietnamese were the most populous ethnic minority in Cambodia, with an estimated 450,000 living in provinces concentrated in the southeast of the country adjacent to the Mekong Delta. Vietnamese Cambodians also lived further upstream along the shores of the Tonlé"
"ethnic Chinese women. Cambodian French is still used as a second language in some schools, universities and government offices, but most of the younger generations and members of the business world choose to learn English. Mostly, only older natives still speak French. Since the 1990s, there has been a small revival of French in Cambodia with French-language schools and centres opening. Many Cambodian students travel to France to receive studies as well as French-language media. Nevertheless, Cambodia still has the smallest Francophone population of the three French-speaking Asian countries, the others being Vietnam and Laos. Indian French is the French"
"France. Thus, it remains to be seen whether the new King's views will be as highly respected as his father's. Although in the Khmer language there are many words meaning ""king"", the word officially used in Khmer (as found in the 1993 Cambodian Constitution) is ""preahmâhaksat"" (Khmer regular script:), which literally means: ""preah""- (""sacred"", cognate of the Indian word Brahmin) -""mâha""- (from Sanskrit, meaning ""great"", cognate with ""maha-"" in maharaja) -""ksat"" (""warrior, ruler"", cognate of the Indian word Kshatriya). On the occasion of HM King Norodom Sihanouk's retirement in September 2004, the Cambodian National Assembly coined a new word for"
"Khmer alphabet The Khmer alphabet or Khmer script (; ) is an abugida (alphasyllabary) script used to write the Khmer language (the official language of Cambodia). It is also used to write Pali in the Buddhist liturgy of Cambodia and Thailand. The Khmer alphabet is the longest alphabet in the world, consisting of 74 letters. The Khmer alphabet was adapted from the Pallava script, which ultimately descended from the Brahmi script, which was used in southern India and South East Asia during the 5th and 6th centuries AD. The oldest dated inscription in Khmer was found at Angkor Borei District"
"By 1979 it was estimated that 90% of schools had been destroyed and 75% of teachers were no longer working and foreign languages were not being taught. However, in Cambodian schools today, English as a foreign language is taught from Grade 7 onwards and is the most popular foreign language studied. Adults are also able to learn English through other non-formal English language education programs. Currently in Cambodia, there are professional, institutional, and governmental motivations for both teaching and learning English as a foreign language. Results from studies on Cambodia show that the ability to speak English is an important"
"it is not a tonal language. Words are stressed on the final syllable, hence many words conform to the typical Mon–Khmer pattern of a stressed syllable preceded by a minor syllable. The language has been written in the Khmer script, an abugida descended from the Brahmi script via the southern Indian Pallava script, since at least the seventh century. The script's form and use has evolved over the centuries; its modern features include subscripted versions of consonants used to write clusters and a division of consonants into two series with different inherent vowels. Approximately 79% of Cambodians are able to"
"also the earliest recorded and earliest written language of the Mon–Khmer family, predating Mon and by a significant margin Vietnamese, due to Old Khmer being the language of the historical empires of Chenla, Angkor and, presumably, their earlier predecessor state, Funan. The vast majority of Khmer speakers speak Central Khmer, the dialect of the central plain where the Khmer are most heavily concentrated. Within Cambodia, regional accents exist in remote areas but these are regarded as varieties of Central Khmer. Two exceptions are the speech of the capital, Phnom Penh, and that of the Khmer Khe in Stung Treng province,"
"historical stages of Khmer. Just as modern Khmer was emerging from the transitional period represented by Middle Khmer, Cambodia fell under the influence of French colonialism. Thailand, which had for centuries claimed suzerainty over Cambodia and controlled succession to the Cambodian throne, began losing its influence on the language. In 1887 Cambodia was fully integrated into French Indochina, which brought in a French-speaking aristocracy. This led to French becoming the language of higher education and the intellectual class. By 1907, the French had wrested over half of modern-day Cambodia, including the north and northwest where Thai had been the prestige"
"in the Middle School and IB DP in the High School. NISC is accredited by the East Asia Regional Council of Overseas Schools (EARCOS) and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). Northbridge International School of Cambodia was founded in 1996 and opened in September 1997 with Mr. David Eaton as its first school head. The school was initially owned by Northbridge Communities Ltd., with its base of operations located in Bangkok, Thailand name of NIST. In 2003, French ceased to be the official second language of Cambodia, further encouraging the Cambodian elite to educate their children in English"
"exclusively in the Khmer language, and Vietnamese children that grew up speaking Vietnamese at home have limited competency in Khmer. In some Vietnamese communities based in the Tonle Sap and Mekong rivers, there are private schools that are run by Vietnamese community associations and Christian organisations. The private schools cater the teaching of the Vietnamese language, and are mostly attended by children of impoverished families. During the French colonial administration, educated Vietnamese were employed in the civil service administration as secretaries, clerks and bureaucrats. When Cambodia gained independence in 1953, the Sihanouk-led government phased out most of the Vietnamese civil"
"Cambodian Braille Cambodian or Khmer Braille is the braille alphabet of the Khmer language of Cambodia. In printed Khmer, the alphabet is divided into consonant letters, consonant diacritics (conjuncts), and vowel diacritics. (That is, the Khmer alphabet is an abugida.) In braille Khmer, however, all of these are full letters. Out of deference to tradition, however, the braille alphabet is divided into sections according to the form in print. The first three rows are the stand-alone consonants in print, and the last two the stand-alone vowels. These occur initially and after a/another vowel. As in print, the consonant letters fall"
"International said, ""We have witnessed the crumbling of Cambodia's media freedom."" In response to criticism of the sale, Huy Vannak, acting as undersecretary of the Cambodian Interior Ministry, said, ""It is a normal business, and it remains a newspaper."" ""The Phnom Penh Post"" has received over 30 regional and international press awards between 2008 and 2018. Society of Publishers in Asia (SOPA) 2012: 2015: 2017: 2018: The Phnom Penh Post The Phnom Penh Post () is a daily English-language newspaper published in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Founded in 1992 by publisher Michael Hayes and Kathleen O'Keefe, it is Cambodia's oldest English-language"
"in Cambodia which it had dropped during the Vietnam War. National politics in Cambodia take place within the framework of the nation's constitution of 1993. The government is a constitutional monarchy operated as a parliamentary representative democracy. The Prime Minister of Cambodia, an office held by Hun Sen since 1985, is the head of government, while the King of Cambodia (currently Norodom Sihamoni) is the head of state. The prime minister is appointed by the king, on the advice and with the approval of the National Assembly. The prime minister and the ministerial appointees exercise executive power. Legislative powers are"
"word into Khmer vocabulary. The only major change was to use Khmer alphabet to write the word rather than using the Roman alphabets used by the French. But despite opposition, Nath’s Khmerization succeeded. He was a member of the original committee granted royal order to compile a Khmer dictionary in 1915 and was credited as the founder of the dictionary as he pushed for and finally succeeded in printing the first edition of the current Khmer dictionary in 1938. In 1967, he was elevated to the rank of doctor. Nath's other contribution to Cambodia include the current national anthem, Nokor"
"of Cambodia, the Great King in the Kingdom of Cambodia"". His given name, Sihamoni, comprises two morphemes from his parent's given names, Sihanouk and Monineath. On 12 December 2008, Sihamoni selected twenty-six members of the Cambodian royal family to his advisory court, among them his half-brother Prince Norodom Ranariddh as chief advisor. Other choices included Prince Sisowath Sirirath, Princess Norodom Marie (estranged wife of Prince Ranariddh) and Prince Sisowath Thomico. Cambodia had no lèse-majesté laws until recently. In neighboring Thailand article 7 of the Constitution states the inviolability of the king. In February 2018, Cambodia passed new legislation making it"
"which was reflected in the increased number of Khmer language books in the National Library. Closed down during the Khmer Rouge era, the National Library was used for several years as accommodation by members of the Pol Pot regime, who destroyed many of the books. Since 1980 the National Library has been re-established with the assistance of various overseas governments and agencies. Today the National Library of Cambodia holds some 103,635 copies in various languages (Khmer, French, English, German); special collections comprise 8,327 national documents, including documents published in French between 1925 and 1970, plus some books and documents published"
"corruption and environmental degradation are ongoing issues. A 2016 report categorised Cambodians into three social classes: a small New Wealth class, a Middle Class and a Lower Income group, which consists of 62% of the population. The Khmer language reflects a somewhat different classification of Khmer society based on a more traditional model and characterized by differing linguistic usages. This classification divided Cambodian society into three broad categories: royalty and nobility, clergy, and laity. The Khmer language had—and to a lesser extent still has—partially different lexicons for each of these groups. For example, ""nham"" (to eat) was used when speaking"
"state-owned paper - ""Le Courrier du Vietnam"". News broadcasts as well as television programs in French are shown on Vietnamese television channels daily. Radio broadcasts in French are also present. French language in Vietnam French was the official language of Vietnam from the beginning of French colonial rule in the mid-19th century until independence under the Geneva Accords of 1954, and maintained ""de facto"" official status in South Vietnam until its collapse in 1975. Vietnam contains the largest of the three Francophone communities in Southeast Asia, the others being found in Laos and Cambodia. French is spoken by over 5%"
"semicolon and the question mark. The colon also differs from international norms. Cambodian Braille Cambodian or Khmer Braille is the braille alphabet of the Khmer language of Cambodia. In printed Khmer, the alphabet is divided into consonant letters, consonant diacritics (conjuncts), and vowel diacritics. (That is, the Khmer alphabet is an abugida.) In braille Khmer, however, all of these are full letters. Out of deference to tradition, however, the braille alphabet is divided into sections according to the form in print. The first three rows are the stand-alone consonants in print, and the last two the stand-alone vowels. These occur"
"of their mother-tongue. Furthermore, there has also been a number of Germans studying Vietnamese due to increased economic investment in Vietnam. Vietnamese is taught in schools in the form of dual immersion to a varying degree in Cambodia, Laos, and the United States. Classes teach students subjects in Vietnamese and another language. Furthermore, in Thailand, Vietnamese is one of the most popular foreign languages in schools and colleges. Vietnamese was identified more than 150 years ago as part of the Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family (a family that also includes Khmer, spoken in Cambodia, as well as various"
"and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) since 1957. Phnom Penh Olympic Stadium is the national stadium, with a capacity of 48,529 to 70,000. The Cambodian Basketball League or CBL is the official Basketball League of Cambodia. It was founded in 2013. The top basketball players and teams from Cambodia compete for the CBL title every year at the Beeline Arena. Sepak takraw is a ""kick-volleyball"" sport, that is popular in Southeast Asia. It may also be known as ""si"" or ""chinlon"" in Cambodia. This sport is featured in the Southeast Asian Games. Traditional boat racing is a popular sport in"
"Sangkum received 83 percent of all valid votes. They took up all seats in the National Assembly, replacing the Democrats, which had until then been the majority party. The following month, Sihanouk was appointed as prime minister. Once in office, Sihanouk introduced several constitutional changes, including extending suffrage to women, adopting Khmer as the sole official language of the country and making Cambodia a constitutional monarchy by vesting policy-making powers in the prime minister rather than the king. He viewed socialism as an ideal concept for establishing social equality and fostering national cohesion within newly independent Cambodia. In March 1956,"
"to participate in collectivization. Government policy aimed to transform minority groups into modern Cambodians. The same resolution called for the elimination of illiteracy, with the stipulations that minority languages be respected and that each tribe be allowed to write, speak, and teach in its own language. The major Khmer Loeu groups in Cambodia are the Kuy, Pnong, Stieng, Brao, Tampuan, Pear, Jarai, and Rade. All but the last two speak Mon–Khmer languages. In the late 1980s, about 160,000 Kuy lived in the northern Cambodian provinces of Kampong Thom, Preah Vihear, and Stung Treng as well as in adjacent Thailand. (Approximately"
"shared by the executive and the bicameral Parliament of Cambodia (, ""saphea damnang reastr""), which consists of a lower house, the National Assembly (, ""rotsaphea"") and an upper house, the Senate (, ""protsaphea""). Members of the 123-seat Assembly are elected through a system of proportional representation and serve for a maximum term of five years. The Senate has 61 seats, two of which are appointed by the king and two others by the National Assembly, and the rest elected by the commune councillors from 24 provinces of Cambodia. Senators serve six-year terms. On 14 October 2004, King Norodom Sihamoni was"