"1930s through the 1950s, the two best-known - and competing - Hollywood gossip columnists were Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons. Well-timed leaks about a star's purported romantic adventures helped the studios to create and sustain the public's interest in the studios' star actors. As well, the movie studios' publicity agents acted as unnamed ""well-informed inside sources"" who provided misinformation and rumors to counteract whispers about celebrity secrets — such as homosexuality or an out-of-wedlock child — that could have severely damaged not only the reputation of the movie star in question, but the movie star's box office viability. Having fallen"
"Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould ""Penicillium notatum"" in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944. In 1999, he was named in ""Time"" magazine's list of the . In 2002, he was chosen in"
"by scientists and physicians on the antibacterial properties of the different types of moulds including the mould penicillium but they were unable to discern what process was causing the effect. The effects of penicillium mould would finally be isolated in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming, in work that seems to have been independent of those earlier observations. Fleming recounted that the date of his discovery of penicillin was on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928. The traditional version of this story describes the discovery as a serendipitous accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St Mary's Hospital"
"who discovered penicillin. Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes"
"which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. He investigated its positive anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. It also affected ""Neisseria gonorrhoeae,"" which causes gonorrhoea, although this bacterium is Gram-negative. Fleming published his discovery in 1929, in the British ""Journal of Experimental Pathology,"" but"
"the centre of the town with publications taking place each Thursday per week. Kilmarnock is home to Kilmarnock Academy, one of only two state schools in the world that have educated two Nobel Prize laureates, Alexander Fleming (born 1881), who became known for his groundbreaking discovery of Penicillin in 1928, alongside John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr (born 1880) for his research and work into Nutrition as well as his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). He was the co-founder and the first President (1960–1971) of the World Academy of Art and"
"1873. He died at Brixton, London, on 21 August 1875. Besides the works above mentioned, he published two introductory addresses and two papers in the 'Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science ' (on measles of the pig, and on the classification of medicines). Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength"
"Howard Florey Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 189821 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a constable from Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey was unable, at that"
"prominent members of the club since its foundation, and gave numerous communications over the years. In 1946 the club sent a congratulatory letter to Sir Almroth Wright on occasion of his 85th birthday and of the 50th anniversary of the publication of his method for prophylactic inoculation against typhoid fever. Two of the most notable communications to the club were given by Alexander Fleming. In December 1921, Fleming first presented his discovery of lysozyme; then on 13 February 1929 he presented a paper entitled ""A medium for the isolation of Pfeiffer's bacillus"", in which he described his discovery of penicillin,"
"Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength known as Fleming's tincture. Having spent some years at Cork as professor of materia medica in the Queen's College, he went in 1858 to Birmingham, where he held the honorary office of physician to the Queen's Hospital until his retirement through ill-health in"
"probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with a British discovery, penicillin. Fleming's discovery of penicillin changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful antibiotics; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world. The laboratory at St Mary's Hospital where Fleming discovered penicillin is home to"
"Alexander Fleming discovered a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. In 1929, he named the new substance ""penicillin"". His publications were largely ignored at first, but it became a significant antibiotic in the 1930s. In 1930, Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at Sheffield Royal Infirmary, used penicillin to treat sycosis barbae, eruptions in beard follicles, but was unsuccessful. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in infants, he achieved the first recorded cure with penicillin, on November 25, 1930. He then cured four additional patients (one adult and three infants) of eye infections, but failed to cure"
"Jaramillo wrote several books of medicine and botany. The most important was “The British Contribution to Medicine” that described the investigations and discoveries of several Nobel laureates: penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming; malaria, studied by Ronald Ross; paludrine, by F. H. Curd, D. G. Davey, and F. L. Rose; vitamins, by Gowland Hopkins; and stilboestrol, by Robert Robinson and Charles Dodds. The foreword of Jaramillo’s book was written by Arthur MacNalty, British Chief Medical Officer of the British government. Jaime Jaramillo Arango was born on January 17 of 1897, in Manizales, Colombia. He was the 6th child of Don Francisco"
"wife of pharmacologist and medic Dr Howard Walter Florey, and Dr Charles Fletcher brought Constable Alexander's case to Florey's attention. The ability of penicillin to slow or counteract bacterial infection had first been noticed by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford were working on the medical applications of penicillin, as produced by the mould ""Penicillium notatum"", and attempting to isolate quantities of penicillin from the mould large enough for a human trial. Having tried the extracted penicillin only on mice, Florey and colleagues"
"the United States Department of Agriculture National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research at Peoria, Illinois. He was Chairman of the London Museums of Health & Medicine from 2001 to 2004. He is an authority on Alexander Fleming and the history of penicillin. Brown's 2004 biography of Alexander Fleming, ""Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution"" tells the story of the discovery of penicillin and of the great scientist who made that breakthrough. He has also written a history of syphilis, ""The Pox: the Life and Near Death of a Very Social Disease"" in 2006 and has written a study"
"of doing so."" It was at St Mary's Hospital that C.R. Alder Wright first synthesized Diamorphine in 1874. The Clarence Memorial Wing, designed by Sir William Emerson and built with its main frontage on Praed Street, opened in 1904. It was also at the hospital that Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. Fleming’s laboratory has been restored and incorporated into a museum about the discovery and his life and work. The private Lindo wing, where there have been royal births and several celebrity births, opened in November 1937; it was financed by Frank Charles Lindo, a businessman and board-member of"
"Peter Fleming (writer) Lieutenant Colonel Robert Peter Fleming (31 May 1907 – 18 August 1971) was a British adventurer, soldier and travel writer. He was the elder brother of Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond. Peter Fleming was one of four sons of the barrister and MP Valentine Fleming, who was killed in action in 1917, having served as MP for Henley from 1910. Fleming was educated at Eton, where he edited the ""Eton College Chronicle"". The Peter Fleming Owl (the English meaning of ""Strix"", the name under which he later wrote for ""The Spectator"") is still awarded every year"
"and subsequently concentrated what he later named ""penicillin"". During the next twelve years, Fleming grew and distributed the original mold, which was eventually identified as ""Penicillium notatum"" (now known as ""Penicillium chrysogenum""). He was unsuccessful in making a stable form of it for mass production. Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis (eruptions in beard follicles) with penicillin but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not penetrate deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in babies, he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four"
"and Alexander Fleming, who won the Nobel prize for penicillin, visited Esteve Laboratories in 1948. In 1952, the manufacture of a new antihemorrhagic agent enabled the company to expand internationally, an exceptional accomplishment for a Catalan company during the early years of the dictatorship. All of these achievements resulted from the extensive research in chemistry and pharmacology carried out under the personal direction of Dr. Antoni Esteve, who was able to build a team of excellent biomedical scientists, including Antoni Oriol i Anguera, Josep Laporte i Salas, F. Regné de Otal, and his own son Josep Esteve i Soler. In"
"gifts presented by the then Russian President. The Scottish Classroom was designed by Reginald Fairlie of Edinburgh in the period style of the early 17th century. The woodwork is carefully selected and treated English pollard oak. The names of distinguished Scots are carved in the ribbon bands of the panels and include David Livingstone who was an African missionary and explorer, Robert Louis Stevenson who authored ""Treasure Island"", and Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin. The inscriptions above the doors and the rear cabinet are from ""The Brus"" by the 14th-century Scottish poet John Barbour. The room's oak doors were copied"
"up with the jumper and gave it back. This credits the belief that James' number 13 is a source of his bad luck. As loyal a friend as he seems to be, he rather seems to enjoy watching his friend suffer. His name is a play on ""Alexander Fleming"", the famous biologist and discoverer of penicillin. 1 November 1986 Calamity James debuts in the comic. Issue No. 2311 c.1989 James is changed slightly in appearance, including bigger eyes, and more buckteeth. 1993 The strip is rendered in full colour 1997 the strip is digitally rendered in brighter, shinier colour 2001"
"and ""Streptococci"" (bacteria that cause a series of infections). In 1927, he demonstrated the inhibitory action of the bacillus genus ""Penicillium"" on the proliferation of the bacteria ""Staphylococcus"" and ""Streptococcus"". Although, the discovery of penicillin has been attributed to Alexander Fleming, Picados' old laboratory notebooks from 1923 show records of the antibiosis of ""Penicillium sp"". For this reason he is renowned as one of the precursors of the penicillin antibiotic. The report with the results of the treatments performed with penicillin by Dr. Picado were published by the Biology Society of Paris in 1927. In memory of Dr. Picado's outstanding"
"connection anticipated the discovery of the drug penicillin by Alexander Fleming thirty-five years later (see: Penicillin - Discovery). At the time, his work was disregarded as coincidence and received no further study. Vincenzo Tiberio Vincenzo Tiberio (May 1, 1869 – January 7, 1915) was an Italian researcher and medical officer of the Medical Corps of the Italian Navy and physician at the University of Naples. During his medical studies at the Faculty of Medicine in Naples he noticed that when the walls of a well which supplied drinking water was cleaned off, the people who drank the well’s water complained"
"History of penicillin The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by various molds. However, it is unknown if the species involved were ""Penicillium"" species or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. The Scottish physician Alexander Fleming was the first to suggest that a ""Penicillium"" mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, and the first"
"years, and continued until 1940 to try to get help from any chemist who had enough skill to make penicillin. But Sir Henry Harris said in 1998: ""Without Fleming, no Chain; without Chain, no Florey; without Florey, no Heatley; without Heatley, no penicillin."" Fleming's accidental discovery and isolation of penicillin in September 1928 marks the start of modern antibiotics. Before that, several scientists had published or pointed out that mould or ""Penicillium sp."" were able to inhibit bacterial growth, and even to cure bacterial infections in animals. Ernest Duchesne in 1897 in his thesis ""Contribution to the study of vital"
"ever grateful for the efforts of the ""Evening Standard"" and its readers for raising money through a tree appeal, led by Angus McGill.” Angus McGill Angus McGill MBE (26 November 1927 – 16 October 2015) was an English journalist who made his name writing a humorous weekly column in the ""London Evening Standard"", which ran for 30 years documenting all that was eccentric about London life. In 1968, with the illustrator Dominic Poelsma, he also created a daily cartoon strip called Clive, later renamed Augusta. McGill won the British Press Award as Descriptive Writer of the Year 1968 and was"
"Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the ""Roanoke Tribune"" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was ""Poor"". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry regiment. Before moving to Roanoke, he worked with the ""Atlanta Daily World"" and ""Louisburg Reporter"". For a short"
"Nigel Dempster Nigel Richard Patton Dempster (1 November 1941 in Calcutta, India – 12 July 2007 in Ham, Surrey) was a British journalist, author, broadcaster and diarist. Best known for his celebrity gossip columns in newspapers, his work appeared in the ""Daily Express"" and ""Daily Mail"" and also in ""Private Eye"" magazine. At his death, the editor of the ""Daily Mail"" Paul Dacre was reported as saying: ""His scoops were the stuff of legend and his zest for life inexhaustible"". The son of an Australian mining engineer, who was fifty when Dempster was born, and an English mother, he was"
"William Frankland (allergist) Alfred William Frankland MBE (born 19 March 1912) is a British allergist whose achievements include the popularisation of the pollen count as a piece of weather-related information to the British public, and the prediction of increased levels of allergy to penicillin. He continues to work, some years after turning 100. Frankland was born in Battle, Sussex, England, to a ""comfortably off"" family, his mother's maiden name is West. He was born an identical twin; his brother, John Ashlin Frankland, died in 1995 at age 83. Frankland reports that the family doctor was ineffective, and this motivated him"
"Angus McGill Angus McGill MBE (26 November 1927 – 16 October 2015) was an English journalist who made his name writing a humorous weekly column in the ""London Evening Standard"", which ran for 30 years documenting all that was eccentric about London life. In 1968, with the illustrator Dominic Poelsma, he also created a daily cartoon strip called Clive, later renamed Augusta. McGill won the British Press Award as Descriptive Writer of the Year 1968 and was appointed MBE in 1990. McGill was born in South Shields on industrial Tyneside and was aged two when his father Kenneth, who was"
"(pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin), J.M. Coetzee (novelist and linguist, recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature), Ghil'ad Zuckermann (linguist and revivalist), Margaret Reid (first female president of the Australian Senate), Janine Haines (first female federal parliamentary leader of an Australian political party), Margaret White (first female judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland), Roma Mitchell (first female Queen's Counsel in Australia (1962), Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia and the first"
"on December 13, 1980 in New York City, and is buried at the Roselawn Cemetery in Christiansburg, Virginia. Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the ""Roanoke Tribune"" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was ""Poor"". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry"
"a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking ""That's funny"". Fleming showed the contaminated culture to his former assistant Merlin Price, who reminded him, ""That's how you discovered lysozyme."" Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. He identified the mould as being from the genus ""Penicillium"", and, after some months of calling it ""mould juice"", named the substance it released ""penicillin"" on 7 March 1929. The laboratory in"