"from 1973 to 1984. Steve's Pitt nickname was ""The Rock,"" based on Petro, a derivation of the Greek word petros, which means rock. The Pitt Panther mascot's nickname is ROC, in Steve's honor. Steve Petro Stephen Lawrence Petro (October 21, 1914 – August 15, 1994) was an American football guard who played two seasons with the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the ninth round of the 1939 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh and attended Greater Johnstown High School in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Steve played"
"Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of materials, and it is estimated that the world consumes about 95 million barrels each day. The word ""petroleum"" comes from Medieval Latin ""petroleum"" (literally ""rock oil""), which comes from Latin ""petra', ""rock"", (from , ""rock"") and Latin ""oleum"", ""oil"". The term was used in the treatise ""De Natura Fossilium"", published in 1546 by the German mineralogist Georg Bauer, also known as Georgius Agricola. In the 19th century, the term ""petroleum"" was often used to refer to mineral oils produced by distillation from mined organic solids such as cannel coal (and later"
"of ""petros"" was a smallish ""stone,"" there are instances of its use to refer to larger rocks, as in Sophocles, ""Oedipus at Colonus"" v. 1595, where ""petros"" refers to a boulder used as a landmark, obviously something more than a pebble. In any case, a ""petros""/""petra"" distinction is irrelevant considering the Aramaic language in which the phrase might well have been spoken. In Greek, of any period, the feminine noun ""petra"" could not be used as the given name of a male, which may explain the use of ""Petros"" as the Greek word with which to translate Aramaic ""Kepha"". Yet,"
"Petrology Petrology (from the Greek πέτρος, ""pétros"", ""rock"" and λόγος, ""lógos"", ""subject matter"", see -logy) is the branch of geology that studies rocks and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. Igneous and metamorphic petrology are commonly taught together because they both contain heavy use of chemistry, chemical methods, and phase diagrams. Sedimentary petrology is, on the other hand, commonly taught together with stratigraphy because it deals with the processes that form sedimentary rock. Lithology was once approximately synonymous with petrography, but in current usage, lithology focuses on macroscopic hand-sample or outcrop-scale"
"between the words in the two clauses. The Greek makes the distinction between petros and petra simply because it is trying to preserve the pun, and in Greek the feminine petra could not very well serve as a masculine name."" An alternate Protestant argument is that when Jesus said ""upon this rock"" in the aforementioned Matthew verse, he referred to himself, in reference to , which states that ""God...is the Rock, his work is perfect"". This idea also appears in , which says ""...that Rock is Christ."" In , Jesus is called ""the chief cornerstone"". In the original Greek the"
"Petrichor Petrichor () is the earthy scent produced when rain falls on dry soil. The word is constructed from Greek ""petra"" (), meaning ""stone"", and ""īchōr"" (), the fluid that flows in the veins of the gods in Greek mythology. The term was coined in 1964 by two Australian CSIRO researchers, Isabel Joy Bear and Richard G. Thomas, for an article in the journal ""Nature"". In the article, the authors describe how the smell derives from an oil exuded by certain plants during dry periods, whereupon it is absorbed by clay-based soils and rocks. During rain, the oil is released"
"Greek word ""η πετρα"" meaning ""stone, rock"". The name Peter itself is a translation of the Aramaic ""Kephas"" or ""Cephas"" meaning ""stone"". Pedro may refer to: Pedro Pedro (alternate archaic spelling Pêro) is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ""Peter"". Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ""son of Peter"" (compare with the English surname Peterson) is Pérez in Spanish, and Peres in Galician and Portuguese, Pires also in Portuguese, and Peiris in coastal area of Sri Lanka"
"difference between the Greek words translated ""Rock"" in the Matthean passage. In classical Attic Greek ""petros"" generally meant ""pebble,"" while ""petra"" meant ""boulder"" or ""cliff."" Accordingly, taking Peter's name to mean ""pebble,"" they argue that the ""rock"" in question cannot have been Peter, but something else, either Jesus himself, or the faith in Jesus that Peter had just professed. However, the New Testament was written in Koiné Greek, not Attic Greek, and some authorities say no significant difference existed between the meanings of ""petros"" and ""petra"". However, even though the feminine noun ""petra"" is translated as ""rock"" in the phrase"
"Petrophysics Petrophysics (from the Greek πέτρα, ""petra"", ""rock"" and φύσις, ""physis"", ""nature"") is the study of physical and chemical rock properties and their interactions with fluids. A major application of petrophysics is in studying reservoirs for the hydrocarbon industry. Petrophysicists are employed to help reservoir engineers and geoscientists understand the rock properties of the reservoir, particularly how pores in the subsurface are interconnected, controlling the accumulation and migration of hydrocarbons. Some of the key properties studied in petrophysics are lithology, porosity, water saturation, permeability and density. A key aspect of petrophysics is measuring and evaluating these rock properties by acquiring"
"ΦT – Vsh *Φsh Petrophysics Petrophysics (from the Greek πέτρα, ""petra"", ""rock"" and φύσις, ""physis"", ""nature"") is the study of physical and chemical rock properties and their interactions with fluids. A major application of petrophysics is in studying reservoirs for the hydrocarbon industry. Petrophysicists are employed to help reservoir engineers and geoscientists understand the rock properties of the reservoir, particularly how pores in the subsurface are interconnected, controlling the accumulation and migration of hydrocarbons. Some of the key properties studied in petrophysics are lithology, porosity, water saturation, permeability and density. A key aspect of petrophysics is measuring and evaluating these"
"These popular-level writings are rebutted in similar popular-level Catholic writings. The New Testament was written in Koiné Greek, not Attic Greek, and some authorities say no significant difference existed between the meanings of ""petros"" and ""petra"". So far from meaning a pebble was the word ""petros"" that Apollonius Rhodius a writer of Koiné Greek of the third century B.C., used it to refer to ""a huge round ""boulder"", a terrible quoit of Ares Enyalius; four stalwart youths could not have raised it from the ground even a little"". The feminine noun ""petra"" (πέτρα in Greek), translated as ""rock"" in the"
"and cycles and the use of thermodynamic data and experiments in order to better understand the origins of rocks. There are three branches of petrology, corresponding to the three types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, and another dealing with experimental techniques: Petrology Petrology (from the Greek πέτρος, ""pétros"", ""rock"" and λόγος, ""lógos"", ""subject matter"", see -logy) is the branch of geology that studies rocks and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. Igneous and metamorphic petrology are commonly taught together because they both contain heavy use of chemistry, chemical methods, and"
"the word in both cases is simply ""kepha"". A distinction that petros meant a stone and petra a solid piece of rocky ground is sometimes suggested, but Greek use in antiquity seems to have been less precise. The word ""church"" (""ekklesia"" in Greek), as used here, appears in the Gospels only once more, in , and refers to the community of believers at the time. The ""gates of hell"" (of Hades) refers to the underworld, and the abode of the dead, and refers to the powers opposed to God not being able to triumph over the church. The keys of"
"Petroleum Petroleum () is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column. It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name ""petroleum"" covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities"
"Petrochemistry Petrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of crude oil (petroleum) and natural gas into useful products or raw materials. These petrochemicals have become an essential part of the chemical industry today. It may be possible to make petroleum from any kind of organic matter under suitable conditions. The concentration of organic matter is not very high in the original deposits, but petroleum and natural gas evolved in places that favored retention, such as sealed-off porous sandstones. Petroleum, produced over millions of years by natural changes in organic materials, accumulates beneath the earth's surface in extremely"
"Petroleum industry The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic fragrances, and plastics. The extreme monetary value of oil and its products has led to it being known as ""black gold"". The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Petroleum"
"also partially defend the historical Catholic position about ""Rock."" Taking a somewhat different approach from Cullman, they point out that the Gospel of Matthew was not written in the classical Attic form of Greek, but in the Hellenistic Koine dialect in which there is no distinction in meaning between ""petros"" and ""petra"". Moreover, even in Attic Greek, in which the regular meaning of ""petros"" was a smallish ""stone,"" there are instances of its use to refer to larger rocks, as in Sophocles, ""Oedipus at Colonus"" v. 1595, where ""petros"" refers to a boulder used as a landmark, obviously something more"
"pertaining to the attributes of hot, dry, smoky, and highly combustible ('potentially like fire'). Aristotle's metaphysical theory from times of antiquity had wide-ranging influence on similar theory found in later medieval Europe, as the historian Berthelot notes: ""The theory of exhalations was the point of departure for later ideas on the generation of metals in the earth, which we meet with Proclus, and which reigned throughout the middle ages."" Ancient Greek terminology of minerals has also stuck through the ages with widespread usage in modern times. For example, the Greek word asbestos (meaning 'inextinguishable', or 'unquenchable'), for the unusual mineral"
"Petroleum geochemistry Petroleum geochemistry is the branch of geochemistry which deals with the application of chemical principles in the study of the origin,generation,migration, accumulation, and alteration of petroleum...(John M. Hunt, 1979). Petroleum is generally considered oil and natural gases having various compounds composed of primarily hydrogen and carbon. They are usually generated from the decomposition and/or thermal maturation of organic matter. The organic matter originated from plants and algae. The organic matter is deposited after the death of the plant in sediments, where after considerable time, heat, and pressure the compounds in the plants and algae are altered to oil,"
"Petroleomics Petroleomics is the identification of the totality of the constituents of naturally occurring petroleum and crude oil using high resolution mass spectrometry. In addition to mass determination, petroleomic analysis sorts the chemical compounds into heteroatom class (nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur), type (degree of unsaturation, and carbon number). The name is a combination of petroleum and -omics (collective chemical characterization and quantification). Mass spectrometry characterization of petroleum has been performed since the first commercial mass spectrometers were introduced in the 1940s. Early mass spectrometry was limited to relatively low molecular weight nonpolar species accessed mainly by electron ionization with mass"
"to access a much greater volume of the strata. Hydraulic fracturing creates greater permeability and increases hydrocarbon flow to the wellbore. Petroleum Petroleum () is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column. It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name ""petroleum"" covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude"
"from the French ""nitre"" (potassium nitrate, also called saltpeter) and the French suffix ""-gène"", ""producing"", from the Greek -γενής (-genes, ""begotten""). Chaptal's meaning was that nitrogen is the essential part of nitric acid, which in turn was produced from niter. In earlier times, niter had been confused with Egyptian ""natron"" (sodium carbonate) – called νίτρον (nitron) in Greek – which, despite the name, contained no nitrate. The earliest military, industrial, and agricultural applications of nitrogen compounds used saltpeter (sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate), most notably in gunpowder, and later as fertiliser. In 1910, Lord Rayleigh discovered that an electrical discharge"
"Latin ""centenarium (pondus)""). Curiously, ""chemist"" appears to be a back-formation from ""alchemist"". Some Greek words have given rise to etymological doublets, being borrowed both through a later learned, direct route, but earlier through an organic, indirect route: Other doublets come from differentiation in the borrowing languages: Finally, with the growth of tourism, some words reflecting modern Greek culture have been borrowed into English—many of them originally borrowings into Greek themselves: ""retsina"", ""souvlaki"", ""taverna"" (< Italian), ""ouzo"" (disputed etymology), ""moussaka"" (< Turkish < Arabic), ""baklava"" (< Turkish), ""feta"" (< Italian), ""bouzouki"" (< Turkish), ""gyro"" (the food, a calque of Turkish ""döner"")."
"at large. This ""double meaning"" interpretation is present in the current Catechism of the Catholic Church. Protestant counter-claims to the Catholic interpretation are largely based on the difference between the Greek words translated ""Rock"" in the Matthean passage. In popular-level writings, rather than in academic studies, they claim that in classical Attic Greek ""petros"" (masculine) generally meant ""pebble"", while ""petra"" (feminine) meant ""boulder"" or ""cliff"", and accordingly, taking Peter's name to mean ""pebble,"" they argue that the ""rock"" in question cannot have been Peter, but something else, either Jesus himself, or the faith in Jesus that Peter had just professed."
"name ""petros"". However he refers to the ""rock"" as ""petra"". The inspired New Testament Scriptures were written in Greek, not Aramaic. What Jesus ""might"" have said in Aramaic is conjecture. In Greek, there is a distinction between the two words, πέτρα being a ""rock"" but πέτρος being a ""small stone"" or ""pebble"". (James G. McCarthy translates the two as ""mass of rock"" and ""boulder or detached stone"", respectively.) Jesus is not referring to Peter when talking about ""this rock"", but is in fact referring to Peter's confession of faith in the preceding verses. Jesus thus does not declare the primacy"
"only a connotation; that in the Attic Greek ""petra"" denotes ""grown rock, rocky range, cliff, grotto""; and that ""petros"" means ""small stone, firestone, sling stone, moving boulder"". The combined name Σίμων Πέτρος (Simon Peter) appears 19 times in the New Testament. In some Syriac documents he is called, in English translation, Simon Cephas. Peter's life story is told in the four canonical gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, New Testament letters, the non-canonical Gospel of the Hebrews and other Early Church accounts of his life and death. In the New Testament, he is among the first of the disciples called"
"Naphtha Naphtha ( or ) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Mixtures labelled ""naphtha"" have been produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. In different industries and regions ""naphtha"" may also be crude oil or refined products such as kerosene. Mineral spirits, also historically known as ""naptha"", are not the same chemical. The word ""naphtha"" is from Latin and Ancient Greek (νάφθα), derived from Middle Persian ""naft"" (""wet"", ""naphtha""), the latter meaning of which was an assimilation from the Akkadian ""napṭu"" (see Semitic relatives such as Arabic ""nafṭ"" (""petroleum""), Syriac ܢܰܦܬܳܐ ""naftā"","
"significance of this identification."" [New American Commentary: ] Donald A. Carson III (Baptist and Professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Seminary) states, ""Although it is true that petros and petra can mean ""stone"" and ""rock"" respectively in earlier Greek, the distinction is largely confined to poetry. Moreover, the underlying Aramaic is in this case dubious at best; and most probably kepha was used in both clauses (""you are kepha"" and ""on this kepha""), since the word was used both for a name and for a ""rock"". The Peshitta (written in Syriac, a language cognate with Aramaic) makes no distinction"
"than a pebble. In any case, a ""petros""/""petra"" distinction is irrelevant considering the Aramaic language in which the phrase might well have been spoken. In Greek, of any period, the feminine noun ""petra"" could not be used as the given name of a male, which may explain the use of ""Petros"" as the Greek word with which to translate Aramaic ""Kepha"". Yet, still other Protestant scholars believe that Jesus in fact ""did"" mean to single out Peter as the very rock which he will build upon, but that the passage does nothing to indicate a continued succession of Peter's implied"
"""petros"" and ""petra"" in Koine Greek. The Lutheran theologians state that the dictionaries of Koine/NT Greek, including the authoritative Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich Lexicon, indeed list both words and the passages that give different meanings for each. The Lutheran theologians further note that: Oscar Cullmann, a Lutheran theologian and distinguished Church historian, disagrees with Luther and the Protestant reformers who held that by ""rock"" Christ did not mean Peter, but meant either himself or the faith of His followers. He believes the meaning of the original Aramaic is very clear: that ""Kepha"" was the Aramaic word for ""rock"", and that it was also"
"to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen. Hunt defines bitumen as native substance of variable color, viscosity, and volatility composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen. He further defines petroleum as a form of bitumen that is gaseous or liquid in the reservoir and can be produced through a pipe. Other bitumens range from very viscous (e.g., Athabasca and Venezuelan heavy oils, La Brea tar pits) to solid (e.g. gilsonite, ozocerite, grahamite, impsonite). Pyrobitumen is"
"by Diodorus Siculus. Herodotus mentioned pitch spring on Zacynthus (Ionian islands, Greece). Also, Herodotus described a well for bitumen and oil near Ardericca in Cessia. Ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper levels of their society. Oil was exploited in the Roman province of Dacia, now in Romania, where it was called ""picula"". The use of petroleum dates back to ancient China more than 2000 years ago. In I Ching, one of the earliest Chinese writings cites the use of oil in its raw state without refining was first discovered, extracted, and used"
"nitrogen available to other plants, thereby serving as fertilizer for future crops. The term ""pea"" originates from the Latin word ""pisum"", which is the latinisation of the Greek πίσον (""pison""), neuter of πίσος (""pisos"") ""pea"". It was adopted into English as the noun ""pease"" (plural ""peasen""), as in pease pudding. However, by analogy with other plurals ending in ""-s"", speakers began construing ""pease"" as a plural and constructing the singular form by dropping the ""-s"", giving the term ""pea"". This process is known as back-formation. The name ""marrowfat pea"" for mature dried peas is recorded by the ""Oxford English Dictionary"""