"Carrion flower Carrion flowers, also known as corpse flowers or stinking flowers, are flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh. Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators. Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen. Many plants in the genus ""Amorphophallus"" (family Araceae) are known as carrion flowers. One such plant is the Titan arum (""Amorphophallus titanum""), which has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. Rather than a single flower, the titan arum presents an inflorescence or compound flower composed of a spadix or stalk of small and"
"Calyces of up to nine whorls have been recorded, and up to 12 whorls of stamens have been observed. Cyclic flower A cyclic flower is a flower type formed out of a series of whorls; sets of identical organs attached around the axis at the same point. Most flowers consist of a single whorl of sepals termed a calyx; a single whorl of petals termed a corolla; one or more whorls of stamens (together termed the androecium); and a single whorl of carpels termed the gynoecium. This is a cyclic arrangement. Some flowers contain flower parts with a spiral arrangement."
"Cyclic flower A cyclic flower is a flower type formed out of a series of whorls; sets of identical organs attached around the axis at the same point. Most flowers consist of a single whorl of sepals termed a calyx; a single whorl of petals termed a corolla; one or more whorls of stamens (together termed the androecium); and a single whorl of carpels termed the gynoecium. This is a cyclic arrangement. Some flowers contain flower parts with a spiral arrangement. Such flowers are not cyclic. However in the common case of spirally arranged sepals on an otherwise cyclic flower,"
"Asteraceae Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family) is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae). The family currently has 32,913 accepted species names, in 1,911 genera (list) and 13 subfamilies. In terms of numbers of species, the Asteraceae are rivaled only by the Orchidaceae. (Which of the two families is actually larger is unclear, owing to uncertainty about exactly how many species exist in each family.) Many members have composite flowers in the form of flower heads (capitula or pseudanthia) surrounded by involucral bracts. When viewed from a distance,"
"plants of the family Asteraceae, what appears to be a single flower is actually a cluster of much smaller flowers. The overall appearance of the cluster, as a single flower, functions in attracting pollinators in the same way as the structure of an individual flower in some other plant families. The older family name, Compositae, comes from the fact that what appears to be a single flower is actually a ""composite"" of smaller flowers. The ""petals"" or ""sunrays"" in a sunflower head are actually individual strap-shaped flowers called ""ray flowers"", and the ""sun disk"" is made of smaller circular shaped"
"Aggregate fruit An aggregate fruit or etaerio () is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separate in a single flower. In contrast, a ""simple fruit"" develops from one ovary. In languages other than English, the meanings of aggregate and multiple fruit are reversed, so that aggregate fruits merge several flowers. The differences in meaning are due to a reversal in the terminology by John Lindley, which has been followed by most English-language authors. Not all flowers with multiple ovaries form aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to"
"Pseudanthium A pseudanthium (Greek for ""false flower""), also called a flower head or composite flower, is a special type of inflorescence, in which anything from a small cluster to hundreds or sometimes thousands of flowers are grouped together to form a single flower-like structure. Pseudanthia take various forms. The individual flowers of a pseudanthium commonly are called florets. The real flowers (the florets) are generally small and often greatly reduced, but the pseudanthium itself can sometimes be quite large (as in the heads of some varieties of sunflower). Pseudanthia are characteristic of the daisy and sunflower family (Asteraceae), whose flowers"
"flower, with the individual ""fruitlets"" joined together at maturity to form the complete fruit. Examples of aggregate fruits commonly called ""berries"" include members of the genus ""Rubus"", such as blackberry and raspberry. Other large aggregate fruits, such as soursop (""Annona muricata""), are not usually called ""berries"", although some sources do use this term. Multiple fruits are the fruits of two or more multiple flowers that are merged or packed closely together. The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit; it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit. In accessory"
"individual flowers called ""disc flowers"". The word ""aster"" means ""star"" in Greek, referring to the appearance of some family members, as a ""star"" surrounded by ""rays"". The cluster of flowers that may appear to be a single flower, is called a ""head"". The entire head may move tracking the sun, like a ""smart"" solar panel, which maximizes reflectivity of the whole unit and can thereby attract more pollinators. At the base of the head, and surrounding the flowers before opening, is a bundle of sepal-like bracts or scales called ""phyllaries"", which together form the ""involucre"" that protects the individual flowers"
"Floral axis The floral axis (sometimes referred to as the receptacle) is the area of the flower upon which the reproductive organs and other ancillary organs are attached. It is also the point at the center of a floral diagram.many flower in angiosperm apear on floral axis. The floral axis can differ in form depending on the type of plant. For example, monocotyledons have a weakly developed floral axis compared to dicotyledons, and will therefore rarely possess a floral disc, which is common among dicotyledons. Floral diagramming is a method used to graphically describe a flower. In the context of"
"produced, the flower is said to be actinomorphic or regular, e.g. rose or trillium. This is an example of radial symmetry. When flowers are bisected and produce only one line that produces symmetrical halves, the flower is said to be irregular or zygomorphic, e.g. snapdragon or most orchids. Flowers may be directly attached to the plant at their base (sessile—the supporting stalk or stem is highly reduced or absent). The stem or stalk subtending a flower is called a peduncle. If a peduncle supports more than one flower, the stems connecting each flower to the main axis are called pedicels."
"cyathium, involucre, cyathophyll, or additional parts such as glands that attached to these. The collection of many flowers may be shaped and arranged to appear collectively as a single individual flower, sometimes called a pseudanthium in the Asteraceae, and also in ""Euphorbia"". The majority of species are monoecious (bearing male and female flowers on the same plant), although some are dioecious with male and female flowers occurring on different plants. It is not unusual for the central cyathia of a cyme to be purely male, and for lateral cyathia to carry both sexes. Sometimes, young plants or those growing under"
"each capitulum may have the appearance of being a single flower. The name Asteraceae comes from the type genus ""Aster"", from the Ancient Greek , meaning star, and refers to the star-like form of the inflorescence. Compositae is an older (but still valid) name which refers to the fact that the family is one of the few angiosperm families to have composite flowers. Most members of Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also shrubs, vines, or trees. The family has a worldwide distribution, from the polar regions to the tropics, colonizing a wide variety of habitats. It is"
"Inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the internodes and the phyllotaxis, as well as variations in the proportions, compressions, swellings, adnations, connations and reduction of main and secondary axes. Inflorescence can also be defined as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern. The stem"
"collection of orchids, but some go further by concentrating on conservation or research. The term ""botanical orchid"" loosely denotes those small-flowered, tropical orchids belonging to several genera that do not fit into the ""florist"" orchid category. A few of these genera contain enormous numbers of species. Some, such as ""Pleurothallis"" and ""Bulbophyllum"", contain approximately 1700 and 2000 species, respectively, and are often extremely vegetatively diverse. The primary use of the term is among orchid hobbyists wishing to describe unusual species they grow, though it is also used to distinguish naturally occurring orchid species from horticulturally created hybrids. New orchids are"
"the term hemicyclic may be used. The suffix -cyclic is used to denote the number of whorls contained within a flower. The most common case is the pentacyclic flower, which contains five whorls: a calyx, a corolla, two whorls of stamens, and a single whorl of carpels. Another common case is the tetracyclic flower, which contains only one whorl of stamens, and therefore only four whorls in total. Tricyclic flowers also occur, generally where there is a single undifferentiated perianth. Flowers with more than five whorls are also not uncommon. The greatest variation occurs in the calyx and the androecium."
"Sympetalae Sympetalae (1828), meaning “with fused petals”, is a descriptive botanical name used in the Eichler, Engler, and Wettstein systems for a group in the flowering plants. In this group the flowers have a separate calyx and corolla with the petals fused, at least at the base of the corolla, a condition known as sympetaly. Prior to the phylogenic classifications of August Eichler and his successors this group corresponds to the Gamopetalae of Bentham and Hooker In Eichler's ""Bluthendiagramme"", Sympetalae, also classified as Metachlamydeae, was listed as a subclass of the class Dicotyleae, in contrast to the Choripetalae. Adolf Engler"
"Rose (topology) In mathematics, a rose (also known as a bouquet of ""n"" circles) is a topological space obtained by gluing together a collection of circles along a single point. The circles of the rose are called petals. Roses are important in algebraic topology, where they are closely related to free groups. A rose is a wedge sum of circles. That is, the rose is the quotient space ""C""/""S"", where ""C"" is a disjoint union of circles and ""S"" a set consisting of one point from each circle. As a cell complex, a rose has a single vertex, and one"
"are replaced by other simple racemes; the same structure can be repeated to form triple or more complex structures. Compound raceme inflorescences can either end with a final raceme (homoeothetic), or not (heterothetic). A compound raceme is often called a panicle. Note that this definition is very different from that given by Weberling. Compound umbels are umbels in which the single flowers are replaced by many smaller umbels called umbellets. The stem attaching the side umbellets to the main stem is called a ray. The most common kind of definite compound inflorescence is the panicle (of Webeling, or 'panicle-like cyme')."
"a syngameon of semispecies. The combinations of traits that are supposed to differentiate members of the complex from one another are sometimes inconsistently combined in wild populations. This has led some researchers to declare the individual species invalid, and refer to the species complex collectively as ""T. erectum"" (""sensu lato""). Others acknowledge the existence of introgression and hybrid swarm formation between some or all complex members, but maintain that the named species within the complex represent convenient groups with common features. Members of the Erectum complex have flowers with the following commonalities: (1) petals that are coarse and stiff in"
"following plant families: In some families it is not yet clear whether the 'flower' represents a pseudanthium, because the anatomical work has not been done (or is still ambiguous due to considerable evolutionary reduction). Possible pseudanthia of this type may occur in the following families: Pseudanthium A pseudanthium (Greek for ""false flower""), also called a flower head or composite flower, is a special type of inflorescence, in which anything from a small cluster to hundreds or sometimes thousands of flowers are grouped together to form a single flower-like structure. Pseudanthia take various forms. The individual flowers of a pseudanthium commonly"
"flower plantings of four different colors (white, yellow, red & blue) in four equal rectangular areas, in rows of four directions (vertical, horizontal, diagonal right & left) framed by evergreen hedges of about 2' height, with each color block comprising four to five species that bloom sequentially. Since the early 1960s he and his wife, Carol Androccio, gathered nearly 9,000 works of art through purchases, in trades with other artists and dealers, or as gifts. In this way he acquired works by approximately 750 artists, including Flavin, Ryman, Hanne Darboven, Eva Hesse, Donald Judd, On Kawara, Carl Andre, Dan Graham,"
"describe flowers and their parts. Many flower parts are fused together; fused parts originating from the same whorl are connate, while fused parts originating from different whorls are adnate; parts that are not fused are free. When petals are fused into a tube or ring that falls away as a single unit, they are sympetalous (also called gamopetalous). Connate petals may have distinctive regions: the cylindrical base is the tube, the expanding region is the throat and the flaring outer region is the limb. A sympetalous flower, with bilateral symmetry with an upper and lower lip, is bilabiate. Flowers with"
"flowers grow above. They are a characteristic of the Araceae family, for example jack–in–the–pulpit (species ""Arisaema triphyllum"") and wild calla (genus Calla). From classical Latin ""racemus"", cluster of grapes. Raceme A raceme ( or ) is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing ""pedicellate"" flowers (flowers having short floral stalks called pedicels) along its axis. In botany, an ""axis"" means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In indeterminate inflorescence-like racemes, the oldest flowers are borne towards the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows, with no predetermined growth limit. A plant that flowers on"
"they may be either male (staminate) or female (pistillate). Plants may bear either all bisexual flowers (hermaphroditic), both male and female flowers (monoecious), or only one sex (dioecious), in which case separate plants are either male or female flower-bearing. Where both bisexual and unisexual flowers exist on the same plant, it is called polygamous. Polygamous plants may have bisexual and staminate flowers (andromonoecious), bisexual and pistillate flowers (gynomonoecious), or both (trimonoecious). Other combinations include the presence of bisexual flowers on some individual plants and staminate on others (androdioecious), or bisexual and pistillate (gynodioecious). Finally, trioecious plants have bisexual, staminate, or"
"holding the whole inflorescence is called a peduncle and the major axis (incorrectly referred to as the main stem) holding the flowers or more branches within the inflorescence is called the rachis. The stalk of each single flower is called a pedicel. A flower that is not part of an inflorescence is called a solitary flower and its stalk is also referred to as a peduncle. Any flower in an inflorescence may be referred to as a floret, especially when the individual flowers are particularly small and borne in a tight cluster, such as in a pseudanthium. The fruiting stage"
"Scrophulariaceae and Gesneriaceae). Some authors prefer the term monosymmetry or bilateral symmetry. A few plant species have flowers lacking any symmetry, and therefore having a ""handedness"". Examples: ""Valeriana officinalis"" and ""Canna indica"". Actinomorphic flowers are a basal angiosperm character; zygomorphic flowers are a derived character that has evolved many times. Some familiar and seemingly actinomorphic so-called flowers, such as those of daisies and dandelions (Asteraceae), and most species of ""Protea"", are actually clusters of tiny (not necessarily actinomorphic) flowers arranged into a roughly radially symmetric inflorescence of the form known as a head, capitulum, or pseudanthium. Peloria or a peloric"
"axis. For example, in the plant ""Hibiscus,"" the floral axis is able to proliferate and produce fruit, rendering processes like self pollination unnecessary. Floral axis The floral axis (sometimes referred to as the receptacle) is the area of the flower upon which the reproductive organs and other ancillary organs are attached. It is also the point at the center of a floral diagram.many flower in angiosperm apear on floral axis. The floral axis can differ in form depending on the type of plant. For example, monocotyledons have a weakly developed floral axis compared to dicotyledons, and will therefore rarely possess"
"Multiple fruit Multiple fruits, also called collective fruits, are fruiting bodies formed from a cluster of fruiting flowers, the ""inflorescence"". Each flower in the inflorescence produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass in which each flower has produced a true fruit. After flowering the mass is called an infructescence. Examples are the fig, pineapple, mulberry, osage-orange, and breadfruit. In languages other than English, the meanings of multiple and aggregate fruit are reversed, so that multiple fruits merge several pistils within a single flower. In the photograph on the left, stages of flowering and fruit development in the"
"Asterales Asterales is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. The order is a cosmopolite (plants found throughout most of the world including desert and frigid zones), and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees (such as the giant Lobelia and the giant Senecio) and shrubs are also present. Asterales are organisms that seem to have evolved from one common ancestor. Asterales share characteristics on morphological and biochemical levels. Synapomorphies (a character that is shared by"
"Consolida Consolida is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. The common name, larkspur, referring to the spur-shaped calyx, is shared with the closely related perennial delphinium. ""Consolida"" differs from ""Delphinium"" in the flower structure, with the flowers in an open, loose, often branched spike, rather than the dense column of flowers found in ""Delphinium"", and in the fruit, which comprises a single follicle, instead of a cluster of several together. It is a popular garden plant and cut flower, grown from seed every year,"
"make a larger fruit. Aggregate fruits may also be accessory fruits, in which parts of the flower other than the ovary become fleshy and form part of the fruit. The individual parts of an aggregate fruit come in many forms. Common examples are: The components of other aggregate fruit are more difficult to define. For example, sugar apple (""Annona"" spp.) fruit are made up of individual berry-like pistils fused with the receptacle. Aggregate fruit An aggregate fruit or etaerio () is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separate in a single flower. In contrast,"
"other connecting parts. Pollinium A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae). Usage of the term differs: in some orchids two masses of pollen are well attached to one another, but in other orchids there are two halves (with two separate viscidia) each of which is sometimes referred to as a pollinium. Most orchids have waxy pollinia. These are connected to one"