"the fables arrived in and travelled from ancient Greece remains uncertain. Some cannot be dated any earlier than Babrius and Phaedrus, several centuries after Aesop, and yet others even later. The earliest mentioned collection was by Demetrius of Phalerum, an Athenian orator and statesman of the 4th century BCE, who compiled the fables into a set of ten books for the use of orators. A follower of Aristotle, he simply catalogued all the fables that earlier Greek writers had used in isolation as exempla, putting them into prose. At least it was evidence of what was attributed to Aesop by"
"Babrius Babrius (, ""Bábrios""; century), also known as Babrias () or Gabrias (), was the author of a collection of Greek fables, many of which are known today as Aesop's Fables. Practically nothing is known of him. He is supposed to have been a Hellenized Roman, whose original name may have been Valerius. He lived in the East, probably in Syria, where the fables seem first to have gained popularity. The address to ""a son of King Alexander"" has caused much speculation, with the result that dates varying between the 3rd century BC and the 3rd century AD have been"
"includes 358 fables; Robert Temple acknowledges on page xxiv that scholars will in all likelihood challenge the ""Aesopian"" origin of some of them. Babrius Babrius (, ""Bábrios""; century), also known as Babrias () or Gabrias (), was the author of a collection of Greek fables, many of which are known today as Aesop's Fables. Practically nothing is known of him. He is supposed to have been a Hellenized Roman, whose original name may have been Valerius. He lived in the East, probably in Syria, where the fables seem first to have gained popularity. The address to ""a son of King"
"drama ""The Death of Aesop,"" portrays him as an Ethiopian. In 1971, Bill Cosby played Aesop in the TV production ""Aesop's Fables"". The musical ""Aesop's Fables"" by British playwright Peter Terson was first produced in 1983. In 2010, the play was staged at the Fugard Theatre in Cape Town, South Africa, with Mhlekahi Mosiea as Aesop. Aesop Aesop ( ; , """"; c. 620 – 564 BCE) was a Greek fabulist and storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as ""Aesop's Fables"". Although his existence remains unclear and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to"
"and another about abortives. Elephantis Elephantis (fl. late 1st century BC) was a Greek poet and physician apparently renowned in the classical world as the author of a notorious sex manual. Due to the popularity of courtesans taking animal names in classical times, it is likely Elephantis is two or more persons of the same name. None of her works have survived, though they are referenced in other ancient texts. According to Suetonius, the Roman Emperor Tiberius took a complete set of her works with him when he retreated to his resort on Capri. One of the poems in the"
"175–ca. 235) in his ""Miscellaneous History"", which was written entirely in Greek. Aelian's story closely resembles the story told by Strabo, but adds that the name of the pharaoh in question was Psammetichus. Aelian's account indicates that the story of Rhodopis remained popular throughout antiquity. Herodotus, some five centuries before Strabo, records a popular legend about a possibly-related courtesan named Rhodopis in his ""Histories"", claiming that Rhodopis came from Thrace, and was the slave of Iadmon of Samos, and a fellow-slave of the story-teller Aesop and that she was taken to Egypt in the time of Pharaoh Amasis, and freed"
"The Hawk and the Nightingale The Hawk and the Nightingale is one of the earliest fables recorded in Greek and there have been many variations on the story since Classical times. The original version is numbered 4 in the Perry Index and the later Aesop version, sometimes going under the title ""The Hawk, the Nightingale and the Birdcatcher"", is numbered 567. The stories began as a reflection on the arbitrary use of power and eventually shifted to being a lesson in the wise use of resources. The original fable appeared in Hesiod's poem ""Works and Days"", a work dating from"
"ancient literary work called ""The Aesop Romance"" tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of him as a strikingly ugly slave () who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. Older spellings of his name have included ""Esop(e)"" and ""Isope"". Depictions of Aesop in popular culture over the last 2500 years have included many works of art and his appearance as a character in numerous books, films, plays, and television programs. The earliest Greek sources, including Aristotle, indicate that Aesop was born around 620 BCE in Thrace"
"at a site on the Black Sea coast which would later become the city Mesembria. A number of later writers from the Roman imperial period (including Phaedrus, who adapted the fables into Latin) say that he was born in Phrygia. The 3rd-century poet Callimachus called him ""Aesop of Sardis,"" and the later writer Maximus of Tyre called him ""the sage of Lydia."" From Aristotle and Herodotus we learn that Aesop was a slave in Samos and that his masters were first a man named Xanthus and then a man named Iadmon; that he must eventually have been freed, because he"
"Roman playwright and poet Ennius also rendered at least one of Aesop's fables in Latin verse, of which the last two lines still exist. The body of work identified as Aesop's Fables was transmitted by a series of authors writing in both Greek and Latin. Demetrius of Phalerum made a collection in ten books, probably in prose (""Αισοπείων α"") for the use of orators, which has been lost. Next appeared an edition in elegiac verse, cited by the Suda, but the author's name is unknown. Phaedrus, a freedman of Augustus, rendered the fables into Latin in the 1st century CE."
"Phaedrus (fabulist) Gaius Julius Phaedrus (; ; was a 1st-century CE Roman fabulist and the first versifier of a collection of Aesop's fables into Latin. Few facts are known about him for certain and there was little mention of his work during late antiquity. It was not until the discovery of a few imperfect manuscripts during and following the Renaissance that his importance emerged, both as an author and in the transmission of the fables. A recent statement of the few facts that past scholars have tried to deduce from autobiographical hints given by Phaedrus in his poems has summarised"
"and Kanne. Dion Chrysostom mentions a rhetorician of this name, who may possibly be identical. Conon (mythographer) Conon (, ""gen"".: Κόνωνος) was a Greek grammarian and mythographer of the age of Augustus (who lived 63 BC - 14 AD), the author of a work titled (Narrations), addressed to Archelaus Philopator, king of Cappadocia. It was a collection of fifty narratives relating to the mythical and heroic period, and especially the foundation of colonies. An epitome of the work was preserved in the ""Bibliotheca"" of Photius, the 9th-century patriarch of Constantinople. Photius commends Conon's Attic style, and remarks that Nicolaus Damascenus"
"long dismissed any historical or biographical validity in ""The Aesop Romance""; widespread study of the work began only toward the end of the 20th century. In ""The Aesop Romance"", Aesop is a slave of Phrygian origin on the island of Samos, and extremely ugly. At first he lacks the power of speech, but after showing kindness to a priestess of Isis, is granted by the goddess not only speech but a gift for clever storytelling, which he uses alternately to assist and confound his master, Xanthus, embarrassing the philosopher in front of his students and even sleeping with his wife."
"Anthousa, Xanthousa, Chrisomalousa Anthousa, Xanthousa, Chrisomalousa or Anthousa the Fair with Golden Hair is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in ""Folktales of Greece"". Other variants were collected by Michalis Meraklis and Anna Angelopoulou. It is Aarne-Thompson type 310, the Maiden in the Tower. Other fairy tales of this type include ""The Canary Prince"", ""Petrosinella"", ""Prunella"", and ""Rapunzel"". The Greek variant was first recorded in 1890 in eastern Thrace. Unlike most such tales, it does not open with the scene in the garden where the baby is traded to the ogress. The ogress' chase particularly resembles that"
"and its tree, and gives him gold. Almondseed and Almondella Almondseed and Almondella is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in ""Folktales of Greece"". It is Aarne-Thompson type 1641 Doctor Know-All. Other tales of this type are ""Doctor Know-all"" and ""The Charcoal Burner"". A poor man sees a black hen, tied to the weaver's, and hears a woman calling for help because her black hen has been stolen. To pretend to learn where it is, he reads a book, and she gives him two piastres. He decides to become a seer. One day, the king's servants come,"
"Washing the Ethiopian white Washing the Ethiopian (or at some periods the Blackamoor) White is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 393 in the Perry Index. Contemporary 6th century BC accounts of the fable only appear in greek. The allegory within the story, that some personal traits can't be changed, has served as a proverb since classical antiquity. It was given greater currency in Europe during the Renaissance by being included in emblem books and then entered popular culture. There, it was often used to reinforce outright racist attitudes. The story concerns the owner of a black slave who"
"714. Ram and Wolf 715. Fox and Sick Ape 716. Mouse and Daughter 717. Rooster and Horse Talking about Master 718. Generous Fox and Wolf 719. Dog begging Bone from Master 720. Scarecrow 721. Father, Son, and Donkey 722. Teaching Donkey to Read 723. Rustic Wanting to Cross River 724. Fly on Chariot 725. Fish from Frying Pan into Coals Perry Index The Perry Index is a widely used index of ""Aesop's Fables"" or ""Aesopica"", the fables credited to Aesop, the storyteller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BC. Modern scholarship takes the view that Aesop probably"
"he had found the fair owner of the beautiful sandal, and as soon as he had discovered her made her his queen. This is the Rhodopis story, famed for being the earliest Cinderella story. ""The History and Amours of Rhodopi"" - London - Printed for E.M. Diemer. Rhodopis (hetaera) Rhodopis (, real name possibly Doricha) was a celebrated 6th-century BCE Greek hetaera, of Thracian origin. She is one of only two hetaerae mentioned by name in Herodotus' discussion of the profession (the other is the somewhat later Archidike). According to Herodotus, she was a fellow-slave of the fable teller Aesop,"
"Hercules and the Wagoner Hercules and the Wagoner or Hercules and the Carter is a fable credited to Aesop. It is associated with the proverb ""God helps those who help themselves"", variations on which are found in other ancient Greek authors. A number of the fables credited to Aesop seem to have been created to illustrate already existing proverbs. The tale of Herakles and the Cowherd, first recorded by Babrius towards the end of the 1st century CE, is one of these. The rustic's cart falls into a ravine and he calls on the deified strongman for help, only to"
"The Snake and the Farmer The Snake and the Farmer is a fable attributed to Aesop, of which there are ancient variants and several more from both Europe and India dating from Mediaeval times. The story is classed as Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 285D, and its theme is that a broken friendship cannot be mended. While this fable does admit the possibility of a mutually beneficial relationship between man and snake, the similarly titled The Farmer and the Viper denies it. The oldest Greek versions of the fable are numbered 51 in the Perry Index. A snake dwells in a hole at"
"to the suggestion that he knew Punic as well as Greek and Latin. Cassius Dionysius's compilation is occasionally cited by later authors, but its length rendered it unpopular. It was soon afterwards abridged by Diophanes of Nicaea, whose version was divided into six books. The following is a partial list of fragments of Cassius Dionysius' work: Cassius Dionysius Cassius Dionysius of Utica was an ancient Greek agricultural writer of the 2nd century BC. The Roman nomen, ""Cassius"", combined with the Greek cognomen, ""Dionysius"", make it likely that he was a slave (perhaps a prisoner of war), originally Greek-speaking, who was"
"that accompanied an emblem criticising babblers. The fables of Abstemius were often reprinted and began to be added to general collections of fables translated into Latin, of which the bulk were by Aesop. In this way his work was later ascribed to Aesop himself and the creaking wheel version was mistaken for an additional variant of those recorded by Babrius fifteen centuries previously. The Oxen and the Creaking Cart The Oxen and the Creaking Cart is a situational fable ascribed to Aesop and is numbered 45 in the Perry Index. Originally directed against complainers, it was later linked with the"
"has become the definitive edition of all fables reputed to be by Aesop, with fables arranged by earliest known source. His index of fables has been used as a reference system by later authors. Perry 1. Eagle and Fox Perry 2. Eagle, Jackdaw and Shepherd Perry 3. Eagle and Beetle Perry 4. Hawk and Nightingale Perry 5. The Athenian Debtor Perry 6. The Goatherd and the Wild Goats Perry 7. Cat as Physician and the Hens Perry 8. Aesop at the Shipyard Perry 9. The Fox and the Goat in the Well Perry 10. Fox and Lion Perry 11. The"
"Translations"" (London 1769) of Ashley Cowper (1701–88). There were many more poems distinctively styled in La Fontaine's Fables; others followed by Ivan Krylov in Russian; Gregory Skovoroda and Leonid Hlibov in Ukrainian; and a more complete collection by Volodymyr Lytvynov in 1986. Phaedrus (fabulist) Gaius Julius Phaedrus (; ; was a 1st-century CE Roman fabulist and the first versifier of a collection of Aesop's fables into Latin. Few facts are known about him for certain and there was little mention of his work during late antiquity. It was not until the discovery of a few imperfect manuscripts during and following"
"At about the same time Babrius turned the fables into Greek choliambics. A 3rd-century author, Titianus, is said to have rendered the fables into prose in a work now lost. Avianus (of uncertain date, perhaps the 4th century) translated 42 of the fables into Latin elegiacs. The 4th-century grammarian Dositheus Magister also made a collection of Aesop's Fables, now lost. Aesop's Fables continued to be revised and translated through the ensuing centuries, with the addition of material from other cultures, so that the body of fables known today bears little relation to those Aesop originally told. With a surge in"
"but rather the entire joined-together collection. The idea of the Milesian tale also served as a model for the episodic narratives strung together in Petronius's ""Satyricon"". The name ""Milesian tale"" originates from the ""Milisiaka"" of Aristides of Miletus (; fl. 2nd century BCE), who was a writer of shameless and amusing tales notable for their salacious content and unexpected plot twists. Aristides set his tales in Miletus, which had a reputation for a luxurious, easy-going lifestyle, akin to that of Sybaris in Magna Graecia; there is no reason to think that he was in any sense ""of"" Miletus himself. Later,"
"shrill cry of distress, the cat devours it, bones and all. Written in 1824, the story satirised the strict literary censorship of the time in Russia. The Hawk and the Nightingale The Hawk and the Nightingale is one of the earliest fables recorded in Greek and there have been many variations on the story since Classical times. The original version is numbered 4 in the Perry Index and the later Aesop version, sometimes going under the title ""The Hawk, the Nightingale and the Birdcatcher"", is numbered 567. The stories began as a reflection on the arbitrary use of power and"
"Almondseed and Almondella Almondseed and Almondella is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in ""Folktales of Greece"". It is Aarne-Thompson type 1641 Doctor Know-All. Other tales of this type are ""Doctor Know-all"" and ""The Charcoal Burner"". A poor man sees a black hen, tied to the weaver's, and hears a woman calling for help because her black hen has been stolen. To pretend to learn where it is, he reads a book, and she gives him two piastres. He decides to become a seer. One day, the king's servants come, asking whether the queen will have a"
"was not an African, he ought to have been;"" and in 2002 Richard A. Lobban cited the number of African animals and ""artifacts"" in the Aesopic fables as ""circumstantial evidence"" that Aesop may have been a Nubian folkteller. Popular perception of Aesop as black was to be encouraged by comparison between his fables and the stories of the trickster Br'er Rabbit told by African-American slaves. In Ian Colvin's introduction to ""Aesop in Politics"" (1914), for example, the fabulist is bracketed with Uncle Remus, ""For both were slaves, and both were black"". The traditional role of the slave Aesop as ""a"
"Catalogue of Women The Catalogue of Women (, ""Gynaikôn Katálogos"") — also known as the Ehoiai (, ) — is a fragmentary Greek epic poem that was attributed to Hesiod during antiquity. The ""women"" of the title were in fact heroines, many of whom lay with gods, bearing the heroes of Greek mythology to both divine and mortal paramours. In contrast with the focus upon narrative in the Homeric ""Iliad"" and ""Odyssey"", the ""Catalogue"" was structured around a vast system of genealogies stemming from these unions and, in M.L. West's appraisal, covered ""the whole of the heroic age."" Through the"
"shrine of Miletus, called Evangelos because he was the one announcing the good oracles; he was at the origin of a clan of prophets, the Evangelides. According to the ""Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology"" (Harper, New York, 1884), Evangelus (Ευάγγελος) was: 1. A Greek comic poet of the new comedy, a fragment of one of whose plays ie preserved by Athenaeus; edited by Meineke, Fragm. Comic. Graec., vol. ii., p. 1173, edit. minor. 2. A slave of Pericles, who distinguished himself by his abilities; he is said to have written a work on the science of war"
"complains that an old woman has bewitched Marathus, takes the opportunity to recount various feats of witches, such as transferring crops from one field to another. Similarly, Pliny the Elder records in ""Naturalis Historia"" (XVIII. 8) that a certain freedman, Furius, by using better implements and better methods than his neighbor, obtained richer crops from a smaller strip of land. A neighbor compelled Furius to go before the tribes and accused him of having bewitched his field. But when the tribes saw his sturdy slaves and his implements of witchcraft—hoes, rakes, and ploughs—they acquitted him. That incantations were chanted is"
"The Bird in Borrowed Feathers The Bird in Borrowed Feathers is a fable of Classical Greek origin usually ascribed to Aesop. It has existed in numerous different versions between that time and the Middle Ages, going by various titles and generally involving members of the corvid family. The lesson to be learned from it has also varied, depending on the context in which it was told. Several idioms derive from the fable. While the details of the fable have always been varied, two main versions have been transmitted to European cultures in modern times. The first of these is mostly"