"Blanco, serves as a true urban park for Santiago. This cemetery is the final resting place for at least 172 of the most influential people in Chile, including all but two of the deceased Presidents of Chile, the exceptions being Gabriel González Videla and Augusto Pinochet. One of the most visited memorials is that of former President Salvador Allende who had been buried in the Santa Ines cemetery at Viña del Mar following his suicide in the 1973 coup d'état. With the democratic changes that began in the 1990s, Allende was exhumed and his remains were transported in a solemn"
"of General Augusto Pinochet, former dictator of Chile, for a request issued by the government of Spain for the murder of Spanish citizens during his dictatorship. His role in the Caravan of Death was also prominent, as the event occurred while he was ruling. So although it does have deeper meaning, it also displays the fact that she was rebelling against his ideas and beliefs through the desecration of his figure in her work. Her collection ""Run Away, Run Away"" also examines the switch from dictatorship to democracy because of the actions of Pinochet and gives voice to many Chilean"
"Pinochet and officer in the notorious ""Caravan of Death"", a Chilean military delegation believed to have killed more than 70 civilians during a journey by helicopter 1973. In 2003, a Florida jury found Fernández Larios responsible for torture and murder and awarded the plaintiffs four million dollars in damages. The trial marks the first time that any Pinochet operative has been tried in the United States for their role in human rights abuses committed in Chile, as well as the first jury verdict for crimes against humanity in the United States. Doe v. Liu Qi (Torture and religious persecution) In"
"at approximately 3,000 during the 17-year Pinochet regime, the deaths of these 75 individuals and the Caravan of Death episode itself are highly traumatic, especially as many of the victims had voluntarily turned themselves in to the military authorities, were all in secured military custody and posed no immediate threat because they had no history of violence, nor were threatening to commit any such violence. According to Oleguer Benaventes Bustos, the second in command at the Talca Regiment when General Arellano landed there on September 30, 1973, the squad's aims were to instill ""terror"" in potential opponents as well as"
"in a prison hospital in Santiago, Chile. Sergio Arredondo Sergio Arredondo Gonzalez (died August 22, 2018) was a Chilean general who participated in the Caravan of Death in 1973 in Chile. He was the second in command to Sergio Arellano Stark who led the Caravan of Death. This death squad went out immediately following a successful coup and are said to be responsible for at least 75 deaths. The people who were executed were primarily non-hostile and already in custody, many were teachers, political organizers, or union leaders. After the Caravan tour of duty, he also was promoted, to the"
"around the world in the context of the Sino-Soviet split. In Latin America in the 1960s, a socialist tendency within the catholic church appeared which was called liberation theology which motivated even the Colombian priest Camilo Torres to enter the ELN guerrilla. In Chile, Salvador Allende, a physician and candidate for the Socialist Party of Chile, was elected president through democratic elections in 1970. In 1973, his government was ousted by the United States-backed military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, which lasted until the late 1980s. Pinochet's regime was a leader of Operation ""Condor"", a U.S.-backed campaign of repression and state"
"to atrocities in Chile — Virgilio Paz Romero and Michael Vernon Townley — are wanted in Chile for the detention, torture, and killing of Spanish-Chilean citizen Carmelo Soria on July 14, 1976. Caravan of Death The Caravan of Death () was a Chilean Army death squad that, following the Chilean coup of 1973, flew by helicopters from south to north of Chile between September 30 and October 22, 1973. During this foray, members of the squad ordered or personally carried out the execution of at least 75 individuals held in Army custody in certain garrisons. According to the NGO ""Memoria"
"his father's administration and said that he would sue Manuel Contreras, who had said that Pinochet sold cocaine. On 25 November 2006, Pinochet marked his 91st birthday by having his wife read a statement he had written to admirers present for his birthday: ""I assume the political responsibility for all that has been done."" Two days later, he was again sentenced to house arrest for the kidnapping and murder of two bodyguards of Salvador Allende who were arrested the day of the 1973 coup and executed by firing squad during the Caravan of Death. However, Pinochet died a few days"
"wanted to instill a sense of fear in the Chilean population. These fears manifested with his authorization of the ""Caravan of Death"". Following the coup on September 11, Pinochet ordered this Chilean Army death squad to target the leaders of the PU by any means necessary. The Caravan of Death, under the leadership of Sergio Arellano Stark, killed 68 people within three days, by stabbing, beating and shooting them. The establishment of the Caravan of Death served three main purposes: 1) silence dissent through murder, 2) weed out military officials who were not aligned with Pinochet's regime and 3) establish"
"Sergio Arellano Stark Sergio Arellano Stark (10 June 1921 – 9 March 2016) was a Chilean military officer. He led the so-called “Caravan of Death,” which killed 97 Chileans from helicopters and established Augusto Pinochet’s hold on power. Born on June 10, 1921 in Santiago, Arellano Stark quickly advanced through the ranks of the military. He trained at the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. In the 1960s, he was an aide to President Eduardo Frei Montalva and served in Spain. Arellano Stark was one of the key officers involved in the September 11, 1973 coup that"
"an effort to declassify materials related to political violence and human rights violations from the late 1960s to early 1990s in Chile. According to United States Department of State, Pinochet called fellow right-wing dictator, Paraguayan General Alfredo Stroessner, in 1976 and requested that Townley and Fernandez Larios received passports with phony names. Almost immediately after stamping the visas, State Department officials realized the passports had been falsely obtained and canceled the visas; however, Townley and Fernandez Larios were able to enter the US in August 1976. Pinochet, who died on December 10, 2006, was never charged in relation to this"
"different forms of restricted government, where the electorate was carefully vetted and controlled by an elite. Failure to address the economic and social increases and increasing political awareness of the less-affluent population, as well as indirect intervention and economic funding to the main political groups by both the KGB and the CIA, as part of the Cold War, led to a political polarization under Socialist President Salvador Allende. This in turn resulted in the 1973 coup d'état and the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, whose subsequent 17-year regime was responsible for numerous human rights violations and deep market-oriented economic"
"new President of Chile. His victory in the Chilean presidential election, 1970 was, however, only supported by a slim majority of voters. His political opponents were supported by the United States. Allende was undemocratically deposed by the 1973 Chilean coup d'état (September 11, 1973). The coup had the backing of the CIA. Augusto Pinochet rose to power as a dictator. Thousands of Chilean socialists were murdered by the new regime, along with other political opponents of Pinochet. In retrospect, Allende's rule of Chile was a rather short-lived revolutionary period for the country. Allende and his government did attempt to counter"
"from oligarchical and populist forms of authoritarian rule found in less modernized countries."" From its inception on September 11, 1973, the Chilean bureaucratic authoritarian regime's ultimate agenda was to repress political dissidents—which some have classified as """"politicide"""" (or ""political genocide). General Pinochet's assumption of power through a violent, and bloody military coup d'état foreshadowed the brutal conditions that many innocent people would endure over the next 17 years. Pinochet genuinely feared the supporters of the Popular Unity Party (PU) and its leader President Salvador Allende, who had been the first Marxist to become President of a Latin American region through"
"without having been judged in this case nor any other. In August 2007, a Catholic priest, Luis Jorquera, then chaplain at a military detention center set up in Chile's north after September 11, 1973, was charged with involvement in the Caravan of Death. Witnesses alleged that he had been involved in the exhuming of the victims two years later, the corpses being then thrown into the sea from a plane. Jorquera, who is the first priest to be charged with crimes committed during Pinochet's dictatorship, denied these accusations. Beside him, the Court of Appeals in Antofagasta charged eleven other persons"
"of the copper industry. There was rising polarization and violence in Chile and increasing hostility of the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon. A military coup against Allende on September 11, 1973, during which he committed suicide. This marked the end of the transition to socialism and ushered in an era of political repression and economic course changes. The successful 1973 coup in Chile signaled that substantial political and change would not come without violence. Leftist revolutions in Nicaragua (1979) and the protracted warfare in El Salvador saw the U.S. back low-intensity warfare in the 1980s, one component of which"
"reforms under the government of Augusto Pinochet are held as the origin of neoliberal shock therapy. In September 1970, Salvador Allende, the UP candidate, was elected president of Chile. Over the next three years, a unique political and economic experience followed. The UP was a coalition of left and center-left parties dominated by the Socialist Party of Chile and the Communist Party of Chile, both of which sought to implement deep institutional, political, and economic reforms. The UP's program called for a democratic ""Chilean road to [socialism]."" When Allende took office in November 1970, his UP government faced a stagnant"
"humiliating defeat in the Vietnam War, various South American regimes responded with the collaborative, international counterinsurgency campaign known as Operation Condor. It was a campaign of political repression involving assassination and intelligence; the militaries of South America were heavily involved. One of the most famous elements of this confrontation, the ""Dirty War"" of Argentina, saw a vicious response to the killings of military officers and police in leftist action, with thousands of suspects killed by the authorities. In Chile, the government of General Augusto Pinochet similarly used his military to undertake similar operations. The 1980s saw a resurgence of violence"
"the 1973 Chilean coup d'état which saw the removal (and suicide) of Salvador Allende; Franco recognized the government of Augusto Pinochet. In November 1975, Franco died and Pinochet was the only foreign head of state to attend his funeral. In March 1990, Pinochet transferred power to the newly elected President Patricio Aylwin and in October 1990, Spanish King Juan Carlos I paid his first official visit to Chile. The King would visit Chile on several occasions afterwards. There are currently 60,000 Spanish nationals residing in Chile. There are direct flights between both nations with the following airlines: Iberia, LATAM Chile"
"Sergio Arredondo Sergio Arredondo Gonzalez (died August 22, 2018) was a Chilean general who participated in the Caravan of Death in 1973 in Chile. He was the second in command to Sergio Arellano Stark who led the Caravan of Death. This death squad went out immediately following a successful coup and are said to be responsible for at least 75 deaths. The people who were executed were primarily non-hostile and already in custody, many were teachers, political organizers, or union leaders. After the Caravan tour of duty, he also was promoted, to the director of the Infantry School. He died"
"the factual record left in its wake. Fidel Castro, who had given President Allende the AK-47 used as the suicide weapon, provides an example of the speculation and political posturing that grew out of Allende's death and the Pinochet coup d'état. On 28 September 1973 (only two weeks after Allende's death), Castro told a Cuban crowd in Havana's ""Plaza de la Revolución"" that Allende had died in La Moneda wrapped in a Chilean flag, firing at Pinochet troops with Fidel's rifle. Over the coming decades, the Cuban leader would continue to make public addresses using this version of events. Castro's"
"During the decades previous to the coup, the Chilean Army became influenced by the United States' anti-communist ideology in the context of various cooperation programs including the US Army School of the Americas. On 11 September 1973, in a watershed event of the Cold War and the history of Chile, president Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup d’état by the Armed Forces. Paul W. Drake and Ivan Jaksic state in ""The Struggle for Democracy in Chile"": The Army, with now Captain General Augusto Pinochet, leader of the coup, as Commander-in-chief of both the Army and the Armed Forces, led"
"judged in this case. In March 2006, judge Víctor Montiglio ordered the arrest of thirteen former army officers for their participation in the killings on murder charges. In July 2006, the Supreme Court upheld a January 2006 judgment by the Court of Appeal of Santiago, which argued that the 2002 Supreme Court's ruling stating that Pinochet could not be prosecuted in the Caravan of Death case because it did not apply to two of its victims, former bodyguards of Allende. On 28 November 2006, Víctor Montiglio, charged of this case, ordered Pinochet's house arrest. Pinochet died on December 10, 2006,"
"ordered the arrest of five retired military officers for their part in the Caravan of Death. Pinochet himself had been indicted by the Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón in 1998 after complaints presented by Victoria Saavedra and the ""Mujeres de Calama"" (Calama's Women), which included the Caravan of Death case investigated by Guzmán Tapia. On 23 May 2000, the Court of Appeal of Santiago lifted his parliamentary immunity concerning this case and he was indicted by Guzmán Tapia, on 1 December 2000, as co-author of the crimes of aggravated abduction and first degree murder committed by the Caravan of Death against"
"Caravan of Death case. Guzmán advanced the charge of kidnapping as the 75 were officially ""disappeared"": even though they were all most likely dead, the absence of their corpses made any charge of ""homicide"" difficult. However, in July 2002, the Supreme Court dismissed Pinochet's indictment in the various human rights abuse cases, for medical reasons (vascular dementia). The debate concerned Pinochet's mental faculties, his legal team claiming that he was senile and could not remember, while others (including several physicians) claimed that he was only affected physically but retained all control of his faculties. The same year, the prosecuting attorney"
"deposed democratically elected President Salvador Allende and led to the installment of Pinochet. After the coup, Arellano Stark handpicked a squad to spend two months going from town to town searching for dissidents under the military junta. Once the rebels were killed, their names were crossed off a list. The “Caravan of Death"" was estimated to have killed 75 political prisoners. The helicopter squad surprised several commanders, who were not expecting it to brandish heavy firearms and instead were planning a grand parade. Soldiers were ordered to perform summary killings, and bodies were dumped in mine shafts or in the"
"Latin America, which was led by Pinochet's Chile and supported by the United States. In 1932, a communist-led insurrection against the government of Maximiliano Hernández Martínez was brutally suppressed, resulting in the death of 30,000 peasants. The Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992) was a conflict between the military-led government of El Salvador and a coalition of five left-wing guerrilla organizations that was known collectively as the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). A coup on 15 October 1979 led to the killings of anti-coup protesters by the government as well as anti-disorder protesters by the guerrillas and it is widely seen"
"overthrown by the Chilean armed forces and national police. This followed an extended period of social and political unrest between the right dominated Congress of Chile and Allende, as well as economic warfare waged by the U.S. government. As a prelude to the coup, the chief of staff of the Chilean army, René Schneider, a general dedicated to preserving the constitutional order, was assassinated in 1970 during a botched kidnapping attempt backed by the CIA. The regime of Augusto Pinochet that came to power with the coup is notable for having, by conservative estimates, disappeared some 3200 political dissidents, imprisoned"
"11 September 1973, the government of President Allende suffered a coup d'état by General Augusto Pinochet who was backed by the government of the United States. President Allende was declared to have committed suicide during the coup and General Pinochet took over the government and became the new President of the country. Immediately, President Pinochet began arresting, torturing and executing followers of President Allende. During this time, thousands of Chileans sought refuge in mainly Latin American embassies in the Chilean capital. Under Ambassador Edelstam, Sweden opened its doors to asylee seekers. More than 500 Chileans, 40 Uruguayans and some Cubans"
"theory, the US waged a war in South America against what it called ""Communist subversives"", leading to support of coups against democratically elected presidents such as the backing of the Chilean right wing, which would culminate with Augusto Pinochet's 1973 Chilean coup against democratically-elected Salvador Allende. By 1976, all of South America was covered by similar military dictatorships, called ""juntas"". In Paraguay, Alfredo Stroessner had been in power since 1954; in Brazil, left-wing President João Goulart was overthrown by a military coup in 1964 with the assistance of the US in what was known as Operation Brother Sam; in Bolivia,"
"the 1960s. In Chile, the tiny Committee for the Defense of Human Rights led by labor leader Clotario Blest existed in 1972, a year before the coup but was inactive. Movements to defend human rights in Latin America lagged behind the military takeovers, with the exception of Chile, where actitivites in response to the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat began almost immediately. On a military junta toppled President Salvador Allende in a coup d'état and installed General Augusto Pinochet as head of the new regime. This was a dictatorial, authoritarian regime which trampled on human rights with the use of torture,"
"Popular Unity years, the period associated with the election of Salvador Allende, a Socialist, to Chile’s presidency in 1970. This liberal atmosphere changed suddenly when General Augusto Pinochet seized power in a military coup d’etat on September 11, 1973. Chile's wealthy oligarchy, the Nixon administration, and the Central Intelligence Agency, were among the supporters of Allende's overthrow. The owner of Villa Grimaldi at the time of the coup, Emile Vassallo, was pressured to sell the estate to the new government in order to protect his family. This is one of the first examples of the state of siege that was"
"members of the anti-explosive unit. The group Individualistas Tendiendo a los Salvaje claim responsility for this and other bombs that didnt detonate. From 1973 to 1990, Chile was governed by the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. Under Pinochet's rule, political repression and state terrorism was committed by the Chilean armed forces, the Police, government agents and civilians in the service of security agencies. There has been a debate on whether some attacks linked to the Mapuche conflict in southern Chile constitute terrorism or not. These attacks, typically arson, concentrate in Araucanía Region but have also occurred in neighboring Bío Bío and"