"can survive a second winter, some by hibernating in burrows and not emerging until March, while others remain active. Devil's coach horse beetle The Devil's coach-horse beetle (""Ocypus olens"") is a species of beetle belonging to the large family of the rove beetles (Staphylinidae). It was originally included in the genus ""Staphylinus"" in 1764, and some authors and biologists still use this classification. The Latin species name ""olens"", meaning ""smelling"", refers to the two white stinking glands on the abdomen. This beetle has been associated with the Devil since the Middle Ages. Hence its common name, which has been used"
"species is the devil's coach horse beetle. For some other species, see list of British rove beetles. As might be expected for such a large family, considerable variation exists among the species. Sizes range from <1 to , with most in the 2–8 mm range, and the form is generally elongated, with some rove beetles being ovoid in shape. Colors range from yellow and red to reddish-brown to brown to black to iridescent blue and green. The antennae usually have 11 segments and are , with moderate clubbing in some genera. The abdomen may be very long and flexible, and"
"Dictyocaulus Dictyocaulus is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ""Dictyocaulus arnfieldi"" is the lungworm of horses, and ""Dictyocaulus viviparus"" is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ""D. viviparus"" is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ""husk"" or ""parasitic bronchitis"". Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ""D. viviparus"" of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ""D. eckertii"" in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand)"
"wide range of plants, mainly on leaves of Rosaceae species (blackberry, raspberry, wild rose, hawthorn, cherry, cotoneaster, etc.) but also on leaves of oak, beech, hazel, chestnut, eucalyptus, etc. Eurycantha horrida Eurycantha horrida, the thorny devil walking stick, is a species belonging to the stick insects (order Phasmatodea) and to the family Phasmatidae. ""Eurycantha horrida"" can reach a length of about in males, of about in females. The body color ranges from pale green to brown. The young insects are glossy greenish. These ground-dwelling stick insects resemble bark or rotten wood. They have numerous small spines on their body and"
"also been found in several other wild mammalian hosts: white-tailed deer, elk, moose, bighorn sheep, Barbary sheep, domestic sheep. Infestation was also found in sika deer on Texas ranches. Infestations of cattle, horses or humans have not been reported. The vectors of ""E. schneideri"" are blood-feeding horse-flies of the family Tabanidae, genera ""Hybomitra"", ""Tabanus"", or Silvius. Life cycle. In the normal definitive host, ""E. schneideri"" microfilariae are found in the host's skin, particularly around the forehead and poll areas. When a horse-fly feeds on an infected host, it ingests some of these microfilariae. Within a few weeks, the microfilariae develop"
"Eurycantha horrida Eurycantha horrida, the thorny devil walking stick, is a species belonging to the stick insects (order Phasmatodea) and to the family Phasmatidae. ""Eurycantha horrida"" can reach a length of about in males, of about in females. The body color ranges from pale green to brown. The young insects are glossy greenish. These ground-dwelling stick insects resemble bark or rotten wood. They have numerous small spines on their body and on their hind legs. Both sexes are wingless and look very similar. They exhibit the sexual dimorphism of many phasmids, as the males are darker, smaller and thinner and"
"Gasterophilus intestinalis Gasterophilus intestinalis, also known as horse bot fly, is a species of insect of the family Oestridae, and is found worldwide. The adults, which have a bumblebee-like appearance, are prominently active in the summer. ""G. intestinalis"" is primarily a parasite of horses, mules and donkeys. The eggs of ""G. intestinalis"" are pale yellow in color, and long. The larvae are yellow or tan. Adults, which are long, look superficially like hairy bumblebees, with a noticeable ovipositor at the end of the abdomen. The female fly cements individual eggs onto hairs of the forelimbs and shoulders of horses, mules"
"the rotation, can also reduce the amount of parasite infestation. Parascaris equorum Parascaris equorum is a species of ascarid that is the equine roundworm. Amongst horse owners, the parasites are colloquially called ""Ascarids"". This is a host-specific helminth intestinal parasite that can infect horses, donkeys, and zebras. Horses up to six months of age are the most susceptible to infection. After this time, infection rates begin to decline and is extremely uncommon in horses over twelve months of age. It cannot infect humans or other animals. It is yellow-white in color, and females can become as large as in length."
"include the following examples, some of which are illustrated in the Gallery below. ""Ixodes"" (""Ixodes ricinus"", the deer tick of Europe; ""Ixodes scapularis"", the black-legged tick of North America; ""Ixodes holocyclus"", the paralysis tick of Australia). ""Haemaphysalis"" (""Ha. leachii"", the yellow dog tick of the tropics). ""Dermacentor"" (""Dermacentor andersoni"", the Rocky Mountain wood tick; ""Dermacentor variabilis"", the American dog tick; ""D. reticulatus"", the ornate dog tick of Europe). ""Dermacentor nitens"" the tropical horse tick of the Americas has a one-host lifecycle similar to the boophilids. ""Margaropus winthemi"", the beady-legged tick, infests horses and cattle in South Africa. The soft tick"
"Horse guard wasp The horse guard wasp, Stictia carolina, is a type of sand wasp (Bembicini) from the eastern United States which preys primarily upon horse-flies (Tabanidae). It is a large, colorful, fast-flying wasp, one of 28 species in the genus ""Stictia"" (which occur throughout North and South America), all of which have similar biology. A female wasp of this species may take anywhere from 30 to 60 flies as food to provision each one of her nests; she makes a new nest for every egg she lays. Nests are simple burrows some 15 cm deep, with a single enlarged"
"Parascaris equorum Parascaris equorum is a species of ascarid that is the equine roundworm. Amongst horse owners, the parasites are colloquially called ""Ascarids"". This is a host-specific helminth intestinal parasite that can infect horses, donkeys, and zebras. Horses up to six months of age are the most susceptible to infection. After this time, infection rates begin to decline and is extremely uncommon in horses over twelve months of age. It cannot infect humans or other animals. It is yellow-white in color, and females can become as large as in length. Found worldwide, ""P. equorum"" is one of the most difficult"
"Wheel bug The wheel bug (""Arilus cristatus)"" is in the family Reduviidae (literally, ""hangnail""), which consists of assassin bugs. The species is one of the largest terrestrial true bugs in North America, reaching up to in length in their adult stage. However, males are smaller in terms of their length and width when compared to females. A characteristic structure is the wheel-shaped pronotal armor. They are predators upon soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars, Japanese beetles, the cabbage worm, orange dogs, tent caterpillars, and the Mexican bean beetle, all of which they pierce with their beak to inject salivary fluids that"
"Anoplocephala perfoliata Anoplocephala perfoliata is the most common intestinal tapeworm of horses, and an agent responsible for some cases of equine colic. Between 8 and 25 centimeters long, ""Anoplocephala perfoliata"" is part of the order Cyclophillidea and is one of the three tapeworm species that can infect horses. This parasite is the most common intestinal tapeworm of horses in the world and is one of the top causes of equine colic. Any horses that have access to pastures and grazing are likely to have an ""A. perfoliata"" tapeworm in their body and experience no symptoms. The other two species which"
"some breeds of cattle, notably the N'Dama – a West African ""Bos taurus"" breed. This contrasts with the susceptibility shown by East African ""Bos indicus"" cattle such as the zebu. Most trypanosomes develop in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), in its biological vector, about one to a few weeks. When an infected tsetse fly bites an animal, the parasites are transmitted through its saliva. It can also be spread by fomites such as surgical instruments, needles, syringes. The most important vectors are thought to be horseflies (Tabanidae) and stable flies (Stomoxys spp.). The immune response of animals could be unable to"
"Horse-fly Horse-flies or horseflies (for other names, see common names) are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. They are often large and agile in flight, and the females bite animals, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. They are found all over the world except for some islands and the polar regions (Hawaii, Greenland, Iceland). Both horse-flies and botflies (Oestridae) are sometimes referred to as gadflies. Adult horse-flies feed on nectar and plant exudates; the males have weak mouthparts and only"
"Horse-fly Horse-flies or horseflies (for other names, see common names) are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. They are often large and agile in flight, and the females bite animals, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. They are found all over the world except for some islands and the polar regions (Hawaii, Greenland, Iceland). Both horse-flies and botflies (Oestridae) are sometimes referred to as gadflies. Adult horse-flies feed on nectar and plant exudates; the males have weak mouthparts and only"
"Deinacrida rugosa Deinacrida rugosa, commonly called the Cook Strait giant weta or Stephens Island weta, is a species of insect in the family Anostostomatidae. The scientific name ""Deinacrida"" means ""terrible grasshopper"" and ""rugosa"" means ""wrinkled"". It is endemic to New Zealand. The Cook Strait giant weta is one of the largest insects in the world, reaching up to long. The brownish-yellow body is bulky and heavily armoured, with the upper surface covered by a series of thickened, overlapping plates, which have black markings. Relative to the size of the head, the jaws are large, and the elongated hind legs have"
"than the second. The thorax has a white pronotal collar and is otherwise mostly red. The sternites of the abdomen are red, bordered with white posteriorly. The corium, the leathery base of the wings, is dark brown margined with cream, giving the insect a large cross-shaped pattern. ""Dysdercus suturellus"" is native to the southeastern-most part of the United States, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. It is a pest of cotton crops and its distribution has been linked to the area of cotton under cultivation. Other host plants include tangerines, okra, papaya, oleander, roselle (""Hibiscus sabdariffa""), rose of Sharon (""Hibiscus syriacus""), Turk's"
"most of Europe, in the East Palearctic ecozone and in the Near East. These horseflies preferably live in shaded marshlands and in damp woodlands. Chrysops caecutiens Chrysops caecutiens, common name splayed deer fly, is a species of horse fly belonging to the family Tabanidae. ""Chrysops caecutiens"" reaches a length of about . The mesonotum and the scutellum are glossy black with yellow-brown hairs. The compound eyes have red and green reflections, with dark spots. The transparent wings have dark brown patches, located at the top and at the centre of each wing. The abdomen shows distinct black inverted-V marking (hence"
"Equine infectious anemia Equine infectious anemia or equine infectious anaemia (EIA), also known by horsemen as swamp fever, is a horse disease caused by a retrovirus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects. The virus (""EIAV"") is endemic in the Americas, parts of Europe, the Middle and Far East, Russia, and South Africa. The virus is a lentivirus, like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Like HIV, EIA can be transmitted through blood, milk, and body secretions. Transmission is primarily through biting flies, such as the horse-fly and deer-fly. The virus survives up to 4 hours in the vector. Contaminated surgical equipment and recycled"
"Demodex Demodex is a genus of tiny mites that live in or near hair follicles of mammals. Around 65 species of ""Demodex"" are known. Two species live on humans: ""Demodex folliculorum"" and ""Demodex brevis"", both frequently referred to as eyelash mites. Different species of animals host different species of ""Demodex"". ""Demodex canis"" lives on the domestic dog. Infestation with ""Demodex"" is common and usually does not cause any symptoms, although occasionally some skin diseases can be caused by the mites. ""Demodex"" is derived from Greek δημός ""dēmos"" ""fat"" and δήξ ""dēx"", ""woodworm"". ""D. folliculorum"" and ""D. brevis"" are typically found"
"Psytalla horrida Psytalla horrida is an insect in the ""Psytalla"" genus of assassin bugs. It is commonly called the horrid king assassin bug or giant spiny assassin bug. This species is endemic to tropical western Africa, from Togo to Cameroon. ""Psytalla horrida"" can reach a body length of . It is the largest species of assassin bug in the world. These large and sturdy build insects are characterized by an elongated head, a relatively narrow neck and a rigid, prominent, segmented, tubular mouthparts or proboscis (also called rostrum). Antennae are long and thin. The basic color of the body is"
"Dysdercus suturellus Dysdercus suturellus is a species of true bug in the family Pyrrhocoridae, commonly known as a cotton stainer. The adult insect is slender, about long, with a red thorax and dark brown wings marked with a yellow cross. It is native to the southeast of the United States, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. It is a pest of cotton crops and other plants, the adults and older nymphs feeding on the emerging bolls and the ripening seeds. The adult ""Dysdercus suturellus"" is about long. It has a red head with black antennae, the first segment of which are longer"
"calls them—searching patterns—as they do not resemble any specific insect or baitfish. Early in the 20th century, Theodore Gordon once was of the opinion that the Royal Coachman resembled some form of flying ant, while in the 1950s, Preston Jennings, a noted fly tier and angler thought the Royal Coachman resembled ""Isonychia"" mayflies. The distinguishing features of any Royal Coachman or its derivatives are the peacock herl body partitioned with red silk or floss, a white wing and brown or red-brown hackle. Depending on whether the fly is tied as a dry fly, wet fly or streamer the white wing"
"Spined soldier bug The spined soldier bug (""Podisus maculiventris"") is a species of insect common in North America. They are predators of gypsy moth caterpillars and the larvae of beetles such as the Colorado potato beetle and the Mexican bean beetle. Since the Mexican bean beetle is widely regarded as a notorious agricultural pest in North America, soldier bugs are generally considered useful garden insects.However, they will also kill monarch butterflies as they are attracted to the host plant monarchs use for nectar, butterfly weed. This insect is a generalist predator with a broad host range, reportedly attacking 90 insect"
"(Boophilus) microplus"", and ""R.(B.) decoloratus"". These ticks have a strict one-host feeding cycle on cattle, so the ""Babesia"" can only be transmitted by the transovarial route. In the Americas, ""Ixodes scapularis"" is the most common vector. This hard tick, commonly known as a deer tick, is also the vector for other tick-associated illnesses, such as Lyme disease. Many species of ""Babesia"" only infect nonhuman mammalian hosts, most commonly cattle, horses, and sheep. ""B. microti"" and ""B. divergens"" are the two main pathogenic species in humans. Their reservoirs are theorized to be the white-footed mouse (""Peromyscus leucopus""), microtus voles (""Microtus"" spp.),"
"Peregrinus maidis Peregrinus maidis, known as the corn planthopper, is a species of insect in the order Hemiptera and the family Delphacidae. It is widespread throughout most tropical and subtropical regions on earth, including southern North America, South America, Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia and China. ""P. maidis"" are a commercially important pest of maize and its relatives. In addition to physical plant damage, ""P. maidis"" is the vector for several species-specific maize viruses, including maize stripe virus, maize mosaic virus and the non-pathogenic ""Peregrinus maidis"" reovirus. ""P. maidis"" demonstrate sexual dimorphism in body size between males and females. Males have"
"(κορυς) a helmet crest. The name probably refers to the long mandibles of the male which might be considered to resemble the crest of a lark, or perhaps, the decorative crests of a helmet. Corydalus Corydalus is a genus of large flying insects in the Corydalidae family, commonly known as dobsonflies. They are endemic to North, Central and South America and there are about 35 known species. Members of the genus have wing lengths of up to 85 millimetres. They are sexually dimorphic, with the males having large mandibles used to grasp the females during mating while the females have"
"of ticks such as ""Hyalomma"" and ""Rhipicephalus"". Horses are the most susceptible host with close to 90% mortality of those affected, followed by mules (50%) and donkeys (10%). African donkeys and zebras very rarely display clinical symptoms, despite high virus titres in blood, and are thought to be the natural reservoir of the virus. AHS manifests itself in four different forms: Pulmonary form The peracute form of the disease is characterized by high fever, depression, and respiratory symptoms. The clinically affected animal has trouble breathing, starts coughing frothy fluid from nostril and mouth, and shows signs of pulmonary edema within"
"albendazole, fenbendazole, febantel and other anthelmintics. Pasture management should take into consideration the infectiveness of these organisms. ""D. arnfieldi"" is similar to ""D. viviparus"" in cattle, but only affects equids. Donkeys usually show no disease and can be silent carriers (and shedders) of this parasite, which causes clinical signs in horses. Routine deworming of horses and donkeys may help prevent cross infection when kept together. Pastures that housed donkeys may be infected with lungworm larvae. As a result, horses and donkeys should not be grazed together. These drugs are given with three weeks intervals between treatments. NADIS Lungworm Dictyocaulus Dictyocaulus"
"in horse manure. These larvae are cylindrical in shape and are reddish orange in color. In one to two months, adult botflies emerge from the developing larvae and the cycle repeats itself. Botflies can be controlled with several types of dewormers, including dichlorvos, ivermectin and trichlorfon. In cattle, the lesions caused by these flies can become infected by ""Mannheimia granulomatis"", a bacterium that causes lechiguana, characterized by rapid-growing, hard lumps beneath the skin of the animal. Without antibiotics, an affected animal will die within three to 11 months. ""Dermatobia hominis"", the human botfly, occasionally uses humans to host its larvae."
"of ""P. maidis"" or the ability for the insect to be infected by MMV. Instead, the gene increased the plant’s resistance to the virus, which decreased the disease transmission rate. Peregrinus maidis Peregrinus maidis, known as the corn planthopper, is a species of insect in the order Hemiptera and the family Delphacidae. It is widespread throughout most tropical and subtropical regions on earth, including southern North America, South America, Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia and China. ""P. maidis"" are a commercially important pest of maize and its relatives. In addition to physical plant damage, ""P. maidis"" is the vector for several"
"in the horse's feces. Another example is ""Dermatobia hominis"", torsalo-fly, which is an important parasite of cattle, and sometimes humans, in tropical regions of South America. The larvae cause a localized, furuncular (= like a boil) myiasis in the skin of their hosts. The larvae infest these sites when transported there accidentally by blood feeding mosquitoes; the adult female ""Dermatobia"" flies lay their eggs on the legs of mosquitoes, a dispersal mechanism called phoresy. Obligate myiasis of various forms are typical of the oestrid genera. Larval ""Dermatobia"" torsalo-flies infest the skin and underlying tissues of cattle causing distress, reduced gain"