"the production of ferrites, useful magnetic storage media in computers, and pigments. The best known sulfide is iron pyrite (FeS), also known as fool's gold owing to its golden luster. It is not an iron(IV) compound, but is actually an iron(II) polysulfide containing Fe and ions in a distorted sodium chloride structure. The binary ferrous and ferric halides are well-known, with the exception of ferric iodide. The ferrous halides typically arise from treating iron metal with the corresponding hydrohalic acid to give the corresponding hydrated salts. Iron reacts with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to give the corresponding ferric halides, ferric"
"Pyrite The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS (iron(II) disulfide). Pyrite is considered the most common of the sulfide minerals. Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of ""fool's gold"". The color has also led to the nicknames ""brass"", ""brazzle"", and ""Brazil"", primarily used to refer to pyrite found in coal. The name ""pyrite"" is derived from the Greek πυρίτης (""pyritēs""), ""of fire"" or ""in fire"", in turn from πύρ (""pyr""), ""fire"". In ancient Roman times,"
"are pseudofossils and lack the pentagonal symmetry of the animal. Pyrite The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS (iron(II) disulfide). Pyrite is considered the most common of the sulfide minerals. Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of ""fool's gold"". The color has also led to the nicknames ""brass"", ""brazzle"", and ""Brazil"", primarily used to refer to pyrite found in coal. The name ""pyrite"" is derived from the Greek πυρίτης (""pyritēs""), ""of fire"" or ""in fire"","
"imports. From the perspective of classical inorganic chemistry, which assigns formal oxidation states to each atom, pyrite is probably best described as FeS. This formalism recognizes that the sulfur atoms in pyrite occur in pairs with clear S–S bonds. These persulfide units can be viewed as derived from hydrogen disulfide, HS. Thus pyrite would be more descriptively called iron persulfide, not iron disulfide. In contrast, molybdenite, MoS, features isolated sulfide (S) centers and the oxidation state of molybdenum is Mo. The mineral arsenopyrite has the formula FeAsS. Whereas pyrite has S subunits, arsenopyrite has [AsS] units, formally derived from deprotonation"
"Pyrrhotite Pyrrhotite is an iron sulfide mineral with the formula FeS (x = 0 to 0.2). It is a nonstoichiometric variant of FeS, the mineral known as troilite. Pyrrhotite is also called magnetic pyrite, because the color is similar to pyrite and it is weakly magnetic. The magnetism decreases as the iron content increases, and troilite is non-magnetic. Pyrrhotite exist as a number of polytypes of hexagonal or monoclinic crystal symmetry; several polytypes often occur within the same specimen. Their structure is based on the NiAs unit cell. As such, Fe occupies an octahedral site and the sulfide centers occupy"
"iron pyrite, a common mineral, is usually described as consisting of Fe and the persulfido anion S. The sulfur atoms within the disulfido dianion are bound together via a short S-S bond. ""Late"" transition metal disulfides (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) almost always adopt the pyrite or the related marcasite motif, in contrast to early metals (V, Ti, Mo, W) which adopt 4+ oxidation state with two chalcogenide dianions. Several metals, mainly for the early metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn groups) also form trichalcogenides. These materials are usually described as M(E)(E) (where E = S, Se, Te). A well known example"
"oxygen and water over time to cause swelling and cracking. Pyrrhotite Pyrrhotite is an iron sulfide mineral with the formula FeS (x = 0 to 0.2). It is a nonstoichiometric variant of FeS, the mineral known as troilite. Pyrrhotite is also called magnetic pyrite, because the color is similar to pyrite and it is weakly magnetic. The magnetism decreases as the iron content increases, and troilite is non-magnetic. Pyrrhotite exist as a number of polytypes of hexagonal or monoclinic crystal symmetry; several polytypes often occur within the same specimen. Their structure is based on the NiAs unit cell. As such,"
"of HAsSH. Analysis of classical oxidation states would recommend the description of arsenopyrite as Fe[AsS]. Iron-pyrite FeS represents the prototype compound of the crystallographic pyrite structure. The structure is simple cubic and was among the first crystal structures solved by X-ray diffraction. It belongs to the crystallographic space group ""Pa"" and is denoted by the Strukturbericht notation C2. Under thermodynamic standard conditions the lattice constant formula_1 of stoichiometric iron pyrite FeS amounts to . The unit cell is composed of a Fe face-centered cubic sublattice into which the S ions are embedded. The pyrite structure is also used by other"
"Iron(II,III) sulfide Iron(II,III) sulfide is a blue-black (sometimes pinkish) chemical compound of iron and sulfur with formula FeS or FeS·FeS, which is much similar to iron(II,III) oxide. It occurs naturally as the sulfide mineral greigite and is magnetic. It is a bio-mineral produced by and found in magnetotactic bacteria. It is a mixed valence compound, featuring both Fe and Fe centers, in 1:2 ratio. The crystallographic unit cell is cubic, with space group Fd3m. The S anions form a cubic close-packed lattice, and the Fe cations occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Like the related oxide magnetite (FeO), iron(II,III) sulfide"
"Iron(II) sulfide Iron(II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide (Br.E. sulphide) is one of a family chemical compounds and minerals with the approximate formula . Iron sulfides are often iron-deficient non-stoichiometric. All are black, water-insoluble solids. FeS can be obtained by the heating of iron and sulfur: FeS adopts the nickel arsenide structure, featuring octahedral Fe centers and trigonal prismatic sulfide sites. Iron sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid, releasing hydrogen sulfide In moist air, iron sulfides oxidize to hydrated ferrous sulfate. Iron sulfides occur widely in nature in the form of iron–sulfur proteins. As organic matter decays under low-oxygen (or hypoxic) conditions"
"Many sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores; examples include sphalerite (ZnS), an ore of zinc, galena (PbS), an ore of lead, cinnabar (HgS), an ore of mercury, and molybdenite (MoS, an ore of molybdenum. Pyrite (FeS), is the most commonly occurring sulfide, and can be found in most geological environments. It is not, however, an ore of iron, but can be instead oxidized to produce sulfuric acid. Related to the sulfides are the rare sulfosalts, in which a metallic element is bonded to sulfur and a semimetal such as antimony, arsenic, or bismuth. Like the sulfides, sulfosalts are"
"Marcasite The mineral marcasite, sometimes called white iron pyrite, is iron sulfide (FeS) with orthorhombic crystal structure. It is physically and crystallographically distinct from pyrite, which is iron sulfide with cubic crystal structure. Both structures do have in common that they contain the disulfide S ion having a short bonding distance between the sulfur atoms. The structures differ in how these di-anions are arranged around the Fe cations. Marcasite is lighter and more brittle than pyrite. Specimens of marcasite often crumble and break up due to the unstable crystal structure. On fresh surfaces it is pale yellow to almost white"
"Iron(II) oxide Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula FeO. Its mineral form is known as wüstite. One of several iron oxides, it is a black-colored powder that is sometimes confused with rust, the latter of which consists of hydrated iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide). Iron(II) oxide also refers to a family of related non-stoichiometric compounds, which are typically iron deficient with compositions ranging from FeO to FeO. FeO can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron(II) oxalate. The procedure is conducted under an inert atmosphere to avoid the formation of ferric oxide. A similar"
"Iron(III) sulfide Iron(III) sulfide, also known as ferric sulfide or sesquisulfide, is one of the three iron sulfides besides FeS and FeS. It is a solid, black powder but decays at ambient temperature into a yellow-green powder. This is a relatively unstable artificial product that does not occur in nature. FeS is prepared by addition of refrigerated iron(III) chloride solution to also cooled sodium sulfide solution. It is also produced as a side-product of desulfurization of fuel gasses. The gas is pumped through a container of hydrated iron(III) oxide, which combines with hydrogen sulfide. Iron(III) sulfide decays at a temperature"
"The pyrite (FeS) in euxinic basins typically has higher concentrations of light sulfur isotopes than pyrite in the modern ocean. The reduction of sulfate to sulfide favors the lighter sulfur isotopes (S) and becomes depleted in the heavier isotopes (S). This lighter sulfide then bonds with Fe to form FeS which is then partially preserved in the sediments. In most modern systems, sulfate eventually becomes limiting, and the isotopic weights of sulfur in both sulfate and sulfide (preserved as FeS) become equal. Molybdenum (Mo), the most common transition metal ion in modern seawater, is also used to look for evidence"
"Loellingite Loellingite, also spelled löllingite, is an iron arsenide mineral with formula FeAs. It is often found associated with arsenopyrite (FeAsS) from which it is hard to distinguish. Cobalt, nickel and sulfur substitute in the structure. The orthorhombic lollingite group includes the nickel iron arsenide rammelsbergite and the cobalt iron arsenide safflorite. Leucopyrite is an old synonym for loellingite. It forms opaque silvery white orthorhombic prismatic crystals often exhibiting crystal twinning. It also occurs in anhedral masses and tarnishes on exposure to air. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and a quite high specific gravity of 7.1"
"produce ferrous sulfide. Iron(II) sulfide Iron(II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide (Br.E. sulphide) is one of a family chemical compounds and minerals with the approximate formula . Iron sulfides are often iron-deficient non-stoichiometric. All are black, water-insoluble solids. FeS can be obtained by the heating of iron and sulfur: FeS adopts the nickel arsenide structure, featuring octahedral Fe centers and trigonal prismatic sulfide sites. Iron sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid, releasing hydrogen sulfide In moist air, iron sulfides oxidize to hydrated ferrous sulfate. Iron sulfides occur widely in nature in the form of iron–sulfur proteins. As organic matter decays under low-oxygen"
"Arsenopyrite Arsenopyrite is an iron arsenic sulfide (FeAsS). It is a hard (Mohs 5.5-6) metallic, opaque, steel grey to silver white mineral with a relatively high specific gravity of 6.1. When dissolved in nitric acid, it releases elemental sulfur. When arsenopyrite is heated, it produces poisonous sulfur and arsenic fumes which can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. With 46% arsenic content, arsenopyrite, along with orpiment, is a principal ore of arsenic. When deposits of arsenopyrite become exposed to the atmosphere, the mineral will slowly oxidize, converting the arsenopyrite into an iron arsenate, a relatively stable compound. Arsenopyrite is"
"Cobaltite Cobaltite is a sulfide mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic, and sulfur, CoAsS. It contains up to 10% iron and variable amounts of nickel. Structurally, it resembles pyrite (FeS) with one of the sulfur atoms replaced by an arsenic atom. Although rare, it is mined as a significant source of the strategically important metal cobalt. Secondary weathering incrustations of erythrite, hydrated cobalt arsenate, are common. The name is from the German, ""Kobold"", ""underground spirit"" in allusion to the ""refusal"" of cobaltiferous ores to smelt as they are expected to. It occurs in high-temperature hydrothermal deposits and contact metamorphic rocks. It"
"The pigments used to identify past presesnce of GSB are chlorobactane and isorenieratene. The pigments used to identify past presence of PSB is okenane. Pyrite (FeS) is a mineral formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and bioreactive iron (Fe). In oxic bottom waters pyrite can only form in sediments where HS is present. However, in iron-rich euxinic environments, pyrite formation can occur at higher rates in both the water column and in sediments due to higher concentrations of HS. Threfore the presence of euxinic conditions can be inferred by the ratio of pyrite-bound iron to the total iron"
"Iron(II) sulfate Iron(II) sulfate (British English: iron(II) sulphate) or ferrous sulfate denotes a range of salts with the formula FeSO·""x""HO. These compounds exist most commonly as the heptahydrate (""x"" = 7) but are known for several values of ""x"". The hydrated form is used medically to treat iron deficiency, and also for industrial applications. Known since ancient times as copperas and as green vitriol (vitriol is an archaic name for sulfate), the blue-green heptahydrate (hydrate with 7 molecules of water) is the most common form of this material. All the iron(II) sulfates dissolve in water to give the same aquo"
"diopside and magnesite. Wüstite Wüstite (FeO) is a mineral form of iron(II) oxide found with meteorites and native iron. It has a gray color with a greenish tint in reflected light. Wüstite crystallizes in the isometric - hexoctahedral crystal system in opaque to translucent metallic grains. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 5.5 and a specific gravity of 5.88. Wüstite is a typical example of a non-stoichiometric compound. Wüstite was named for Fritz Wüst (1860–1938), a German metallurgist and founding director of the ""Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Eisenforschung"" (presently Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH). In addition to the"
"impact. This could mean that suessite is formed due to the extreme increase in temperature combined with reduction of silicate rims, shortly followed by a rapid decrease in temperature. This means that, in meteorites, the abundance of suessite can be used to identify deformation associated with shock metamorphism, which could be used to determine various characteristics of the studied meteorites. The other natural iron silicides include gupeiite (FeSi), hapkeite (FeSi), linzhiite (FeSi), luobusaite (FeSi), naquite (FeSi), xifengite (FeSi), and zangboite (TiFeSi). Suessite Suessite is a rare iron silicide mineral with chemical formula: FeSi. The mineral was named after Professor Hans"
"Siderite Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO). It takes its name from the Greek word σίδηρος ""sideros,"" “iron”. It is a valuable iron mineral, since it is 48% iron and contains no sulfur or phosphorus. Zinc, magnesium and manganese commonly substitute for the iron resulting in the siderite-smithsonite, siderite-magnesite and siderite-rhodochrosite solid solution series. Siderite has Mohs hardness of 3.75-4.25, a specific gravity of 3.96, a white streak and a vitreous lustre or pearly luster. It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system, and are rhombohedral in shape, typically with curved and striated faces. It also occurs in"
"covalent. Various transition group metals can substitute for iron in arsenopyrite. The arsenopyrite group includes the following rare minerals: Arsenopyrite Arsenopyrite is an iron arsenic sulfide (FeAsS). It is a hard (Mohs 5.5-6) metallic, opaque, steel grey to silver white mineral with a relatively high specific gravity of 6.1. When dissolved in nitric acid, it releases elemental sulfur. When arsenopyrite is heated, it produces poisonous sulfur and arsenic fumes which can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. With 46% arsenic content, arsenopyrite, along with orpiment, is a principal ore of arsenic. When deposits of arsenopyrite become exposed to the"
"most common disilicates by far are members of the epidote group. Epidotes are found in variety of geologic settings, ranging from mid-ocean ridge to granites to metapelites. Epidotes are built around the structure [(SiO)(SiO)] structure; for example, the mineral ""species"" epidote has calcium, aluminium, and ferric iron to charge balance: CaAl(Fe, Al)(SiO)(SiO)O(OH). The presence of iron as Fe and Fe helps understand oxygen fugacity, which in turn is a significant factor in petrogenesis. Other examples of sorosilicates include lawsonite, a metamorphic mineral forming in the blueschist facies (subduction zone setting with low temperature and high pressure), vesuvianite, which takes up"
"goes through pyrite decay, the marcasite reacts with moisture and oxygen in the air, the sulfur oxidizing and combining with water to produce sulfuric acid that attacks other sulfide minerals and mineral labels. Low humidity (less than 60%) storage conditions prevents or slows the reaction. Marcasite The mineral marcasite, sometimes called white iron pyrite, is iron sulfide (FeS) with orthorhombic crystal structure. It is physically and crystallographically distinct from pyrite, which is iron sulfide with cubic crystal structure. Both structures do have in common that they contain the disulfide S ion having a short bonding distance between the sulfur atoms."
"Iron(II,III) oxide Iron(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula FeO. It occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite. It is one of a number of iron oxides, the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (FeO) also known as hematite. It contains both Fe and Fe ions and is sometimes formulated as FeO ∙ FeO. This iron oxide is encountered in the laboratory as a black powder. It exhibits permanent magnetism and is ferrimagnetic, but is sometimes incorrectly described as ferromagnetic. Its most extensive use is as a black pigment. For this purpose, it is"
"is ferrimagnetic, with the spin magnetic moments of the Fe cations in the tetrahedral sites oriented in the opposite direction as those in the octahedral sites, and a net magnetization. Both metal sites have high spin quantum numbers. The electronic structure of greigite is that of a half metal. Iron(II,III) sulfide Iron(II,III) sulfide is a blue-black (sometimes pinkish) chemical compound of iron and sulfur with formula FeS or FeS·FeS, which is much similar to iron(II,III) oxide. It occurs naturally as the sulfide mineral greigite and is magnetic. It is a bio-mineral produced by and found in magnetotactic bacteria. It is"
"rich pegmatites and cave guano deposits. Diadochite Diadochite is a phospho-sulfate mineral. It is a secondary mineral formed by the weathering and hydration of other minerals. Its formula is Fe(PO)(SO)OH·5HO. Well crystallized forms are referred to as ""destinezite"", which has been given official recognition by the International Mineralogical Association with diadochite being the poorly formed to amorphous variety. It has a greenish yellow to brown colour and forms nodules or crusts. Its appearance has been compared to cauliflower. Identified originally in Belgium in 1831, it has been found in many places throughout the world. It occurs as a secondary mineral"
"Suessite Suessite is a rare iron silicide mineral with chemical formula: FeSi. The mineral was named after Professor Hans E. Suess. It was discovered in 1982 during the chemical analysis of The North Haig olivine pigeonite achondrite (ureilite). It is a cream white color in reflected light, and ranges in size from 1 μm ""blebs"" to elongated grains that can reach up to 0.45 cm in length. This mineral belongs in the isometric crystal class. The isometric class has crystallographic axes that are all the same length and each of the three axes perpendicular to the other two. It is"
"metal. Greigite Greigite is an iron sulfide mineral with formula FeS (Iron(II,III) sulfide). It is the sulfur equivalent of the iron oxide magnetite (FeO). It was first described in 1964 for an occurrence in San Bernardino County, California, and named after the mineralogist and physical chemist Joseph W. Greig (1895–1977). It occurs in lacustrine sediments with clays, silts and arkosic sand often in varved sulfide rich clays. It is also found in hydrothermal veins. Greigite is formed by magnetotactic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Greigite has also been identified in the sclerites of scaly-foot gastropods. The mineral typically appears as microscopic"
"buildings and sculptures. The proverbial red color of the surface of Mars is derived from an iron oxide-rich regolith. Significant amounts of iron occur in the iron sulfide mineral pyrite (FeS), but it is difficult to extract iron from it and it is therefore not used. In fact, iron is so common that production generally focuses only on ores with very high quantities of it. During weathering, iron tends to leach from sulfide deposits as the sulfate and from silicate deposits as the bicarbonate. Both of these are oxidized in aqueous solution and precipitate in even mildly elevated pH as"