"the above chapters was so that the book ""would be read more widely"". Hitchens wrote in 2012 that the chapter 'Out of the Barrel of a Gun’ ""enraged so many people that I took it out of the paperback version ‘The Abolition of Liberty’ in the vain hope that the book would then get the attention it deserved. A silly delusion. I now wish I hadn't"". The deleted chapters are restored in the audiobook. The title of the original edition is a play on Stephen Hawking's ""A Brief History of Time"". This began a habit for Hitchens' book titles to"
"The Universe in a Nutshell The Universe in a Nutshell is a 2001 book about theoretical physics by Stephen Hawking. It is generally considered a sequel and was created to update the public concerning developments since the multi-million-copy bestseller ""A Brief History of Time"" published in 1988. In it Hawking explains to a general audience various matters relating to the Lucasian professor's work, such as Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem and P-branes (part of superstring theory in quantum mechanics). He tells the history and principles of modern physics. He seeks to ""combine Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and Richard Feynman's idea of"
"multiple histories into one complete unified theory that will describe everything that happens in the universe."" ""The Universe in a Nutshell"" is winner of the Aventis Prizes for Science Books 2002. The Universe in a Nutshell The Universe in a Nutshell is a 2001 book about theoretical physics by Stephen Hawking. It is generally considered a sequel and was created to update the public concerning developments since the multi-million-copy bestseller ""A Brief History of Time"" published in 1988. In it Hawking explains to a general audience various matters relating to the Lucasian professor's work, such as Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem and"
"standard error of the approximated value. The Planck time (also known as Planck second) was first suggested by Max Planck in 1899. He suggested that there existed some fundamental natural units for length, mass, time and energy. Planck derived these using dimensional analysis only using what he considered the most fundamental universal constants: the speed of light, the Newton gravitational constant and the Planck constant. The Planck time is by many physicists considered to be the shortest possible measurable time interval; however, this is still a matter of debate. The Planck time is the unique combination of the gravitational constant"
"A Short History of the World (H. G. Wells) A Short History of the World is a period-piece non-fictional historic work by English author H. G. Wells first published by Cassell & Co, Ltd Publishing in 1922. It was first published in Penguin Books in 1936. It was republished under Penguin Classics in 2006. The book was largely inspired by Wells's earlier 1919 work ""The Outline of History"". The book is 344 pages in total, summarising the scientific knowledge of the time regarding the history of Earth and life. It starts with its origins, goes on to explain the development"
"the current record being about one-fiftieth of a second for the cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev. Philosophers have discussed the nature of time since at least the time of ancient Greece; for example, Parmenides presented the view that time is an illusion. Centuries later, Isaac Newton supported the idea of absolute time, while his contemporary Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz maintained that time is only a relation between events and it cannot be expressed independently. The latter approach eventually gave rise to the spacetime of relativity. Many philosophers have argued that relativity implies eternalism, the idea that the past and future exist in a"
"Stefan Klein Stefan Klein (born October 5, 1965) is a physicist, author and essayist He is best known for his books ""The Science of Happiness"" and ""Time: A User's Guide"". Klein was born in Munich, Germany. Both his parents were chemists and had immigrated from Austria; their ancestors had been scientists for three generations. Klein studied physics and analytical philosophy at the University of Munich and Grenoble and graduated in theoretical biophysics at the University of Freiburg, Germany. He left his academic career to become science editor at Der Spiegel, a newsmagazine, in 1996, and made quickly made a name"
"alone a Christian God."" Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS (; ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. In 1948 the German scientific institution the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (of which Planck was twice president) was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPS). The MPS now includes"
"Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula , which has been dubbed ""the world's most famous equation"". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"", a pivotal step"
"Ernst Mach Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (; ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as study of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honor. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Einstein's theory of relativity. Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach was born in Chrlice (), Moravia (then in the Austrian empire, now"
"to Einstein in 1922. Footnotes Citations Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula , which has been dubbed ""the world's most famous equation"". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of"
"argued that it would be better to teach science in national languages, at least at an undergraduate level. His essays were published by leading German newspapers and by various English-language media such as the New York Times Klein lives in Berlin. He is married and has two daughters and one son. Translations are listed at Stefan Klein's Website Stefan Klein Stefan Klein (born October 5, 1965) is a physicist, author and essayist He is best known for his books ""The Science of Happiness"" and ""Time: A User's Guide"". Klein was born in Munich, Germany. Both his parents were chemists and"
"Léon Foucault Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (; 18 September 1819 – 11 February 1868) was a French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of the Earth's rotation. He also made an early measurement of the speed of light, discovered eddy currents, and is credited with naming the gyroscope. Foucault was the son of a publisher in Paris, where he was born on 18 September 1819. After an education received chiefly at home, he studied medicine, which he abandoned in favour of physics due to a blood phobia. He first directed his"
"A Short History of the World (Blainey) A Short History of the World is a general history non-fiction book written by Australian historian Geoffrey Blainey. First published in 2000 by Penguin Books, it describes over 4 million years of history, from before the first people left Africa, through to the current day. In 2007 Blainey released an abridged (492 pages) paperback version of the book titled ""A Very Short History of the World"". He also released a double audio CD set of the same name. A book of the same title was written by H. G. Wells in 1920. British"
"by his life's work, on its home page. Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. The unit of frequencycycle per secondwas named the ""hertz"" in his honor. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born in 1857 in Hamburg, then a sovereign state of the German Confederation, into a prosperous and cultured Hanseatic family. His father Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (originally named David Gustav Hertz) (1827–1914) was a barrister and later a senator. His"
"Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a ""natural philosopher"") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book ""Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica"" (""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy""), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. In ""Principia"", Newton formulated the laws of motion"
"cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. His book ""A Brief History of Time"" appeared on the British ""Sunday Times"" best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the"
"The World (Descartes) The World, also called Treatise on the Light (French title: ""Traité du monde et de la lumière""), is a book by René Descartes (1596–1650). Written between 1629 and 1633, it contains a nearly complete version of his philosophy, from method, to metaphysics, to physics and biology. Descartes espoused mechanical philosophy, a form of natural philosophy popular in the 17th century. He thought everything physical in the universe to be made of tiny ""corpuscles"" of matter. Corpuscularianism is closely related to atomism. The main difference was that Descartes maintained that there could be no vacuum, and all matter"
"Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of over 1500 scientists. Organized chronologically, beginning with Imhotep (entry ""[1]"") and concluding with Stephen Hawking (entry ""[1510]""), each biographical entry is numbered, allowing for easy cross-referencing of one scientist with another. Nearly every biographical sketch contains links to other biographies. For example, the article about John Franklin Enders [1195] has the sentence ""Fleming's [1077] penicillin was available thanks to the work of Florey [1213] and Chain [1306] . . ."" This allows one"
"Instant An instant is an infinitesimal moment in time, a moment whose passage is instantaneous. The continuous nature of time and its infinite divisibility was addressed by Aristotle in his ""Physics"", where he wrote on Zeno's paradoxes. The philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell was still seeking to define the exact nature of an instant thousands of years later. In physics, a theoretical lower-bound unit of time called the Planck time has been proposed, that being the time required for light to travel a distance of 1 Planck length. The Planck time is theorized to be the smallest time measurement that"
"Edgar Allan Poe wrote an essay on cosmology titled """" (1848) which said that ""space and duration are one"". This is the first known instance of suggesting space and time to be different perceptions of one thing. Poe arrived at this conclusion after approximately 90 pages of reasoning but employed no mathematics. Theoretical physicist James Clerk Maxwell is best known for his work in formulating the equations of electromagnetism. He was also a prize-winning poet, and in his last poem ""Paradoxical Ode""; Maxwell muses on connections between science, religion and nature, touching upon higher-dimensions along the way: <poem>::Since all the"
"A Little History of the World A Little History of the World (originally in German, ""Eine kurze Weltgeschichte für junge Leser"") is a history book by Ernst Gombrich. It was written in 1935 in Vienna, Austria, when Gombrich was 26 years old. He was rewriting it for English readers when he died in 2001, at 92, in London. Gombrich insisted that only he translate the book into English. After his death, the translation was completed by Caroline Mustill, an assistant to Gombrich from 1995 until his death, and his granddaughter Leonie Gombrich. It was published in 2005 by Yale University"
"A Short History of Nearly Everything A Short History of Nearly Everything by American author Bill Bryson is a popular science book that explains some areas of science, using easily accessible language that appeals more so to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the United Kingdom, selling over 300,000 copies. ""A Short History"" deviates from Bryson's popular travel book genre, instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the Big Bang to the"
"by the cruiser Jeanne d'Arc and buried in the Panthéon. Jean Baptiste Perrin Jean Baptiste Perrin (30 September 1870 – 17 April 1942) was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids, verified Albert Einstein’s explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter (sedimentation equilibrium). For this achievement he was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1926. Born in Lille, France, Perrin attended the École Normale Supérieure, the elite grande école in Paris. He became an assistant at the school during the period of 1894–97"
"CNES and other institutions, which gave a period of hours (), and by Italian astronomer Federico Manzini at SAS observatory in Novara, Jean Strajnic and Raoul Behrend from December 2012, which rendered a period of hours with an amplitude of 0.66 in magnitude (). This minor planet was named in honour of the German-born, Swiss–American physicist and Nobelist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). It is considered suitable, that the body discovered at Bern is named after the 1921 Nobel prize for physics laureate, since it was the place where he had his golden years while working as a clerk at the Swiss"
"He later received a Ph.D. in Economics from Andhra University. His doctoral thesis was titled ""Fiscal reforms at the sub-national level"" (1998). Dr Duvvuri Subbarao, a well known economist is equally well studied in Physics. He had taken physics during his Masters at Indian Institute of Technology as well as for his Civil Services examination. He was the first person to have reviewed Stephen Hawkings's ""Brief history of time"" in Illustrated weekly, under the title ""from here to eternity"". Dr. Subbarao worked as the joint secretary in the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India between 1988"
"1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity, which led to the concept that space and time can be viewed as a single construct known as ""spacetime"". In this theory, the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers—which has the result that two events that appear simultaneous to one particular observer will not be simultaneous to another observer if the observers are moving with respect to one another. Moreover, an observer will measure a moving clock to tick more slowly than one that is stationary with respect to them; and objects are measured to"
"the most well-known equation in physics: E=mc². It belongs to the revolutionizing papers of Albert Einstein concerning the Theory of Relativity. In 1905, his paper “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper” (“The electrodynamics of objects in motion”) established the Special Theory of Relativity, which revolutionized the understanding of space and time. In 1915, he published the General Theory of Relativity, in which the curvature of spacetime brings about gravity. Nowadays, Albert Einstein is seen by many as the epitome of a scientist and a genius. He also used his fame outside of the scientific community in his efforts to further international understanding"
"A Statue for Father ""A Statue for Father"" is a humorous science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the February 1959 issue of ""Satellite Science Fiction"" and was reprinted in the 1975 collection ""Buy Jupiter and Other Stories"". A theoretical physicist and his son work on the theory of time travel, and experiment with a method of reaching back into time and retrieving objects (as also occurs in ""The Ugly Little Boy"" and ""Button, Button""). More by serendipity than design, they manage to retrieve a nest of dinosaur eggs which in due course"
"The Instability ""The Instability"" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the 1 January 1989 issue of ""The Observer"" and reprinted in the collection ""Gold"" (1995). A professor tells his colleague he has made time travel possible. He also tells him that according to his calculations, there will be another star in the Sun's place in 27 million years. The professor makes a trip with his colleague through time to observe the dark star. After making some notes, they decide to return home. When they time travel back, the colleague notices"
"Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge where he received the Part III of Math. Tripos degree in 1984. Subsequently, his PhD supervisor was Stephen Hawking. Hawking has mentioned in his book A Brief History of Time that Laflamme and Don Page were responsible for convincing him that time does not reverse in a contracting universe. Hawking inscribed a copy of the book as follows: ""To Raymond, who showed me that the arrow of time is not a boomerang. Thank you for all your help. Stephen."" After completing his PhD, Laflamme worked as a Killam"
"History (short story) ""History"" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the March 1941 issue of ""Super Science Stories"" and reprinted in the 1972 collection ""The Early Asimov"". ""History"" was written in the first half of September 1940. Asimov submitted the story on 13 September to John W. Campbell of ""Astounding Science Fiction"", who rejected it. He then submitted it to Frederik Pohl, who accepted the story for ""Super Science Stories"" on 11 October. ""History"" concerns a Martian scholar named Ullen who is researching Earth's history. A former student named John Brewster tells"
"under its influence. However Geordi intervenes, and advises him to keep the chip until he is ready. (The chip would eventually be implanted into Data during the course of the film ""Star Trek Generations"".) At a screening for the 1991 documentary film ""A Brief History of Time"", which was based on the book of the same name by British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, Hawking was introduced to the audience by veteran ""Trek"" actor Leonard Nimoy. ""A Brief History"" executive producer Gordon Freedman told Nimoy that Hawking was an avid ""Star Trek"" fan. This led to an arranged visit by Hawking"