"argues that speed humps result in increased air pollution, increased noise pollution, and even unnecessary vehicle damage. Together for Safer Roads (TSR) is a coalition that brings together global private sector companies, across industries, to collaborate on improving road safety. TSR brings together members’ knowledge, data, technology, and global networks to focus on five road safety areas with the goal of bringing about the greatest impact globally and within local communities. In 1965, Ralph Nader put pressure on car manufacturers in his book ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", detailing resistance by car manufacturers to the introduction of safety features such as"
"""Christian Science Monitor"" and ""The Nation"". In 1964, he moved to Washington, D.C., taking a position as a consultant to Assistant Secretary of Labor Daniel Patrick Moynihan. Nader was first propelled into the national spotlight with the 1965 publication of his journalistic expose ""Unsafe at Any Speed"". Though he had previously expressed an interest in issues of automobile safety while a law student, ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" presented a critical dissection of the automotive industry by claiming that many American automobiles were generally unsafe to operate. Nader researched case files from more than 100 lawsuits then pending against General Motors'"
"that there were things the federal government could do, and that automakers, with all their technology and know-how could do, to bring about the desired outcomes. This sentiment crystallized into conviction following the 1965 publication of ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", by Ralph Nader. Early in the following year, Congress held a series of highly publicized hearings regarding highway safety, and ultimately approved two bills—the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (NTMVSA) and the Highway Safety Act (HSA)—which the president signed into law on September 9, thus making the federal government responsible for setting and enforcing auto and road safety"
"suggests that the automotive industry should be forced by government to pay greater attention to safety in the face of mounting evidence about preventable death and injury. ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" was a bestseller in nonfiction from April through July 1966. It also prompted the passage of seat-belt laws in 49 states (all but New Hampshire) and a number of other road-safety initiatives. Senate hearings prompted by the book led to the creation of the Department of Transportation and the predecessor agencies of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 1966. The book has continuing relevance: it addressed what Nader"
"Director Jason Levine. The Center for Auto Safety (the Center) was founded in 1970 by Consumers Union and Ralph Nader as a consumer safety group to protect drivers. Ralph Nader, the author of ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", believed that automakers and the government were not adequately regulating safety. For many years, the Center was led by Clarence Ditlow, a well-known consumer safety advocate. The Center has advocated vigorously for driver safety and automaker accountability by pressuring government agencies and automakers with many lawsuits campaigns. The Center has also published ""The Car Book"" annually, which presents the latest safety ratings, dealer"
"but throughout the world. Research contributions using FARS by researchers from many countries appear in many non-U.S. technical publications, and provide a significant database and knowledge bank on the subject. Even with this database, conclusive analysis of crash causes often remains difficult and controversial, with experts debating the veracity and statistical validity of results. In 1964 and 1966, public pressure grew in the United States to increase the safety of cars, culminating with the publishing of ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", by Ralph Nader, an activist lawyer, and """" by the National Academy of Sciences. In 1966, Congress held a series"
"by Ralph Nader, published in 1965, is a pioneering book accusing car manufacturers of being slow to introduce safety features, and reluctant to spend money on improving safety. The subject for which the book is probably most widely known, the rear-engined GM Chevrolet Corvair, is covered in the first chapter. It relates to the first (1960–1964) models that had a swing-axle suspension design which was prone to ""tuck under"" in certain circumstances. In substitution for the cost-cutting lack of a front stabilizer bar (anti-roll bar), Corvairs required tire pressures which were outside of the tire manufacturer's recommended tolerances. The Corvair"
"in order to expand auto sales and maximize profits GM bought local mass transit systems and privately owned railways, following which it would proceed to eliminate them and replace them all with GM-built buses. Alternative versions of the events have been put forth by scholars in the field. Slater, Cosgrove and Span all put forth evidence that counters Snell's theory. Consumer advocate, Ralph Nader, issued a series of attacks on vehicle safety issues from GM – particularly the Chevrolet Corvair – in his book ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", written in 1965. This first major work undertaken by Nader established his"
"the publication of Ralph Nader's book ""Unsafe At Any Speed"", which called into question GM's design practices, and led to negative media representation of the company. GM remained a client of Burson-Marsteller for the next eleven years. At the time they took on GM, Burson-Marsteller was the 10th largest PR firm in the United States. In 1974, Wolcott and Company, a Los Angeles-based public relations firm founded by Robert ""Bob"" B. Wolcott Jr., merged with Burson-Marsteller. Wolcott Co. had offices in New York, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco. Bob Wolcott joined the executive management team and was in charge of"
"a 2009 article in ""Automobile Magazine"", noted that despite Nader's claim that swing-axle rear suspension were dangerous, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, Tatra, and Volkswagen all used similar swing-axle concepts during that era. (The handling of other rear-engine swing-axle cars, particularly the Volkswagen Type I and II, has been criticized as well.) Some contend that Nader's lack of an automotive engineering degree or a driver's license at the time he wrote ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" disqualifies him as a critic of automotive safety. In response to Nader's book, ""Mechanix Illustrated"" reviewer Tom McCahill tried to get a 1963 Corvair to flip, at one"
"a private detective agency to investigate Nader. Nader sued GM for invasion of privacy, settling the case for $425,000 and using the proceeds to found the activist organization the Center for the Study of Responsive Law. A year following the publication of ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", Congress unanimously enacted the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John William McCormack said the passage of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was due to the ""crusading spirit of one individual who believed he could do something: Ralph Nader"". In 1968 Nader"
"Nader v. General Motors Corp. Nader v. General Motors Corp. (25 N.Y. 2d 560, 1970) was a court case in which author and automobile safety lecturer Ralph Nader claimed that General Motors had ""conduct[ed] a campaign of intimidation against him in order to 'suppress plaintiff's criticism of and prevent his disclosure of information' about its products"" regarding his book ""Unsafe at Any Speed"". Mere information gathering is not sufficient for action under intrusion upon seclusion tort: ""privacy is invaded only if the information sought is of a confidential nature and the defendant's conduct was unreasonably intrusive."" Judge Brietel concluded that"
"fully independent rear suspension closely resembling that of the contemporary Corvette. The redesigned suspension reduced the rear roll center to half its previous height, using fully articulated half-axles that offered constant camber on the rear tires in all driving situations. This virtually eliminated the handling problems of the first-generation models. Consumer protection activist Ralph Nader addressed the handling issues of the first-generation (1960–1963) Corvair in his 1965 book, ""Unsafe at Any Speed"". GM had over 100 lawsuits pending in connection with crashes involving the Corvair, which subsequently became the initial material for Nader's investigations. The book highlighted crashes related to"
"In 1966, the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was passed, which together with Ralph Nader's book, """"Unsafe at Any Speed"""" put the search for an anatomically faithful test dummy into high gear. With this as a goal, Alderson produced the V.I.P., a dummy designed to mimic an average male's acceleration and weight properties, and to reproduce the effects of impact like a real person. His work went on to see the creation of the Hybrid family of test dummies, which as of the beginning of the 21st century are the de facto standards for testing. Alderson also worked"
"of Ralph Nader's best-seller ""Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-in Dangers of the American Automobile"", Grossman went on to publish other books by Mr. Nader and his associates on air and water pollution, food and drugs, pesticides and coal-mine safety, all of which helped lead to the passage of major legislation. Richard Grossman (publisher) Richard Grossman (June 26, 1921 – January 27, 2014) was an American publisher. Born in Chicago, he worked in the Army Signal Corps and advertising before going into the publishing business. He started his own company, Grossman Publishers, after working for Simon & Schuster. Grossman Publishers"
"the American Free Enterprise System,"" an anti-Communist, anti-Fascist, anti-New Deal blueprint for conservative business interests to retake America for the chamber. It was based in part on Powell's reaction to the work of activist Ralph Nader, whose 1965 exposé on General Motors, ""Unsafe at Any Speed"", put a focus on the auto industry putting profit ahead of safety, which triggered the American consumer movement. Powell saw it as an undermining of Americans' faith in enterprise and another step in the slippery slope of socialism. His experiences as a corporate lawyer and a director on the board of Phillip Morris from"
"the use of tires and tire pressure being based on comfort rather than on safety, and the automobile industry disregarding technically based criticism. Each of the book's chapters covers a different aspect of automotive safety: The subject for which the book is probably most widely known, the rear-engined Chevrolet Corvair, is covered in Chapter 1—""The Sporty Corvair-The One-Car Accident"". This relates to the first (1960–1964) models that had a swing-axle suspension design which was prone to ""tuck under"" in certain circumstances. To make up for the cost-cutting lack of a front stabilizer bar (anti-roll bar), Corvairs required tire pressures which"
"Jeffrey O'Connell Jeffrey Thomas O'Connell (September 29, 1928 – January 6, 2013) was an American legal expert, professor, and attorney. In 1965, O'Connell and Harvard Law School professor Robert Keeton co-authored the book ""Basic Protection for the Traffic Victim: A Blueprint for Reforming Automobile Insurance"", which created the theoretical underpinnings of no-fault law. His specialty was product liability, and he wrote numerous books about this, advocating no-fault insurance for automobiles and other products. Jeffrey O'Connell was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1928. O’Connell began his legal career as a trial lawyer in Boston for the firm Hale and Dorr before"
"to domestic and international socio-political concerns. The publication of ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" by Ralph Nader in 1965 gave rise to a new type of legal-focused, anti-corporate activism. Whereas past activism had focused on the consequences of consumer actions and the protection of consumers, Lang and Gabriel argue the activism inspired by Ralph Nader and others is more confrontational toward the market. From the 1990s and into the 21st century, consumer activism has been closely associated with sharp critiques of globalization and the damaging effects of concentrated corporate power. Consumer activism seeks to change some aspect of the way in"
"at Any Speed"" he claims helped inspire the legislation. In 1964, Johnson named Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson to be the first presidential assistant for consumer affairs. The Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 required packages to carry warning labels. The Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 set standards through creation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act requires products identify manufacturer, address, clearly mark quantity and servings. The statute also authorized the HEW and the FTC to establish and define voluntary standard sizes. The original would have mandated uniform standards of"
"about his from his care of the high number of head injuries coming through the emergency room. He investigated the early seat belts whose primitive designs were implicated in these injuries and deaths. To reduce the high level of injuries he was seeing, he proposed, in late 1955, retractable seat belts, recessed steering wheels, reinforced roofs, roll bars, automatic door locks, and passive restraints such as the air bag. Subsequently, in 1966, Congress passed the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act requiring all automobiles to comply with certain safety standards. American car manufacturers Nash (in 1949) and Ford (in"
"Automobile products liability When a person makes a claim for personal injury damages that have resulted from the presence of a defective automobile or component of an automobile, that person asserts a product liability claim. That claim may be against the automobile's manufacturer, the manufacturer of a component part or system, or both, as well as potentially being raised against companies that distributed, sold or installed the part or system that is alleged to be defective. A major foundation for modern awareness of the defects found in automobiles was laid when Ralph Nader published his book ""Unsafe at Any Speed"""
"sport cruiser based on the Nova platform had cost advantages. Unlike the Corvair, a sport cruiser could evolve within GM's standard lines of technology as competition (which in the sport sedan category of the Corvair meant BMW) demanded. The 1965 publication of ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" sullied the reputation of the Corvair line, although the issues had nothing to do with the current model. Under competition from the Mustang and the publicity hit of ""Unsafe,"" Corvair sales plummeted by over half in 1966. GM saw the future in the Camaro, not the Corvair. According to GM historian Dave Newell, Chevrolet"
"Robert M. Ockene Robert M. Ockene (1934 – December 2, 1969) was a book editor, anti-war activist, co-founder of the Youth International Party (the Yippies), and a founder of Veterans and Reservists to End the War in Vietnam. He was an editor at Grossman Publishers where he edited and produced the book that brought Ralph Nader to national attention, ""Unsafe at Any Speed"". Later he became an executive editor at Bobbs-Merrill Company. He attended the October 1967 antiwar demonstration at the Pentagon. There he conceived the idea that the counter-cultural hippies of the anti-war movement needed leadership distinct from the"
"the Corvair's suspension and identified the Chevrolet suspension engineer who had fought management's decision to remove—for cost reasons—the front anti-sway bar installed on later models. Nader said during subsequent Congressional hearings, the Corvair is ""the leading candidate for the un-safest-car title"". Subsequently, Corvair sales fell from 220,000 in 1965 to 109,880 in 1966. By 1968, production fell to 14,800. Public response to the book played a role in the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act in 1966. A 1972 safety commission report conducted by Texas A&M University concluded that the 1960–1963 Corvair possessed no greater potential for loss of"
"an association between an intervention and a change in the outcome, but there is actually no causal relationship. Traffic safety and automobile safety are a major component of injury prevention because it is the leading cause of death for children and young adults into their mid 30s. Injury prevention efforts began in the early 1960s when activist Ralph Nader, exposed the automobiles as being more dangerous than necessary with his book Unsafe at Any Speed. This led to engineering changes in the way cars are designed to allow for more crush space between the vehicle and the occupant. The Centers"
"in ""Automobile Magazine"", criticized Nader for purportedly focusing on the Corvair while ignoring other contemporary vehicles with swing-axle rear suspensions, including cars from Porsche, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen, notwithstanding the fact that Nader's Center for Auto Safety had published a book critical of the Beetle. Journalist Timothy Noah said the (Corvair) was not significantly more dangerous than a number of American cars of its time, citing government and independent reports: ""... the car was not, in fact, appreciably less safe than a number of other cars on the market."" In 2005, the book received an honorable mention by conservative publication ""Human"
"may be held down by a concealed latch. On race cars or cars with aftermarket hoods (that do not use the factory latch system) the hood may be held down by hood pins. The term ""Nader bolt"" is a nickname for the bolt on vehicles that allows a hinged door to remain safely latched and closed. It is named after consumer rights advocate and politician Ralph Nader, who in 1965 released the book ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" which claimed that American cars were fundamentally flawed with respect to operator safety. Latches in seatbelts typically fasten the belt which constrains the"
"prompted a Senate subcommittee led by Senator Abraham Ribicoff to summon James Roche, president of GM, to explain his company's harassment — and apologize. The incident catapulted auto safety into the public spotlight and helped send Nader's book, ""Unsafe at Any Speed"" (1965), to the top of the bestseller lists. He served as Washington correspondent for ""The Village Voice"" where he worked from the mid-1970s until April 2006. Following his departure from the ""Voice"", Ridgeway was hired by ""Mother Jones"" to run its Washington DC bureau. On April 13, 2006's ""Democracy Now!"" broadcast, Ridgeway told host Amy Goodman that Michael"
"reputation as a crusader for safety. GM was accused of sending spies after him. The company was questioned at a Senate hearing in March 1966 about its attempted intimidation of Nader. Senators Robert Kennedy and Abe Ribicoff questioned CEO James Roche. In the end, the CEO apologized to Nader. The hearings led to legislation which created the Department of Transportation and predecessor agencies of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration later that year. Nader sued GM in November 1966 for invasion of privacy, winning the case on appeal in January, 1970. In 1980, J. Patrick Wright wrote a book named"
"aspects of roadworthiness, such as the UK's MOT test or German TÜV conformance inspection. The design of vehicles has also evolved to improve protection after collision, both for vehicle occupants and for those outside of the vehicle. Much of this work was led by automotive industry competition and technological innovation, leading to measures such as Saab's safety cage and reinforced roof pillars of 1946, Ford´s 1956 ""Lifeguard"" safety package, and Saab and Volvo's introduction of standard fit seatbelts in 1959. Other initiatives were accelerated as a reaction to consumer pressure, after publications such as Ralph Nader's 1965 book ""Unsafe at"
"Earl Balmer Earl Balmer (born December 13, 1935 - Floyds Knobs, Indiana, USA) is a former NASCAR Grand National Series driver whose career spanned from 1959 to 1968. He would set the 1965 speed record for the Mercury manufacturer in the Darlington Record Club; which revolved around qualifying records set at the time trials for the annual Southern 500 held on Labor Day weekend. Balmer's entry into the club will be secured with a top speed of while trying to qualify for the 1965 Southern 500. From the age of 23 to the age of 32, Balmer has competed in"
"operations on April 1, 1967. Congress passed a variety of legislation to support improvements in transportation including The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 which provided $375 million for large-scale urban public or private rail projects in the form of matching funds to cities and states and created the Urban Mass Transit Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration), High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 which resulted in the creation of high-speed rail between New York and Washington, and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966—a bill largely taken credit for by Ralph Nader, whose book ""Unsafe"