"residence of the Presidents of France, borders the park, but is not on the Avenue itself. The Champs-Élysées ends at the Arc de Triomphe, built to honour the victories of Napoleon Bonaparte. Until the reign of Louis XIV, the land where the Champs-Élysées runs today was largely occupied by fields and kitchen gardens. The Champs-Élysées and its gardens were originally laid out in 1667 by André Le Nôtre as an extension of the Tuileries Garden, the gardens of the Tuileries Palace, which had been built in 1564, and which Le Nôtre had rebuilt in his own formal style for Louis"
"of the """"Vieux Louvre"""", as the disused palace was called, with the court of the Tuileries, by sweeping away the intervening buildings, finally came to fruition in the early 19th century. Consequently, the older axis extending from the courtyard of the Louvre is slightly skewed to the rest of what has become the ""Axe historique,"" but the ""Arc du Carrousel"", at the fulcrum between the two, serves to disguise the discontinuity. To the west, the completion of the Arc de Triomphe in 1836 on the Place de l'Étoile at the western end of the Champs Élysées formed the far point"
"arts and increased the display area of the Museum of Modern Art. The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile is one of the most famous monuments in Paris. It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (originally named Place de l'Étoile), at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. It should not be confused with a smaller arch, the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, which stands west of the Louvre. The Arc de Triomphe (in English: ""Triumphal Arch"") honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all"
"the Richelieu wing to the north (on the rue de Rivoli); and the Denon wing to the south (bordering the Seine). Since 2003, the ""Comité national pour la reconstruction des Tuileries"" has been proposing to rebuild the Tuileries Palace. Since the destruction of 1883, the famous perspective of the Champs-Élysées, which ended on the façade of the Tuileries Palace, now ends at the ""Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel"", formerly centered on the Tuileries but now occupying a large empty space. The Louvre, with its pyramid on the one hand, and the Axe historique of the Place de la Concorde-Champs-Élysées-Arc de"
"the grand boulevard Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe at the Place de l'Étoile, and, although it is not directly visible from the Place du Carrousel, the Grande Arche de la Défense. Thus, the axis begins and ends with an arch. When the Arc du Carrousel was built, however, an observer in the Place du Carrousel was impeded from any view westward. The central part of the Palais des Tuileries intervened to block the line of sight to the west. When the Tuileries was burned down during the Paris Commune in 1871, and its ruins were swept away, the great axis,"
"the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the ""Champs Élysées"" and the ""Avenue de la Grande Armée"". A lift will take visitors almost to the top – to the attic, where there is a small museum which contains large models of the Arc and tells its story from the time of its construction. Another 46 steps remain to climb in order to reach the top, the ""terrasse"", from where one can enjoy a panoramic view of Paris. The location of the arc, as well as the"
"Pont Alexandre III The Pont Alexandre III is a deck arch bridge that spans the Seine in Paris. It connects the Champs-Élysées quarter with those of the Invalides and Eiffel Tower. The bridge is widely regarded as the most ornate, extravagant bridge in the city. It is classified as a French Monument historique since 1975. The Beaux-Arts style bridge, with its exuberant Art Nouveau lamps, cherubs, nymphs and winged horses at either end, was built between 1896 and 1900. It is named after Tsar Alexander III, who had concluded the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1892. His son Nicholas II laid the"
"later conceive a similar construction, the Elephant of the Bastille. Little of his work now survives. Charles Ribart Charles François Ribart de Chamoust (""fl."" 1776–1783 ) was an 18th-century French architect. In 1758, Ribart planned an addition to the Champs-Élysées in Paris, to be constructed where the Arc de Triomphe now stands. It consisted of three levels, to be built in the shape of an elephant, with entry via a spiral staircase in the underbelly. The building was to have a form of air conditioning, and furniture that folded into the walls. A drainage system was to be incorporated into"
"and the Musée de la Légion d'honneur. The Ukrainian Embassy and the World Heritage Centre lie in the 7th arrondissement, and several bridges crossing the Seine include Pont de la Concorde and Pont Royal. The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is a 17th-century avenue connecting the Place de la Concorde and the Napoleonic Arc de Triomphe, which straddles the 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. It is a major tourist attraction and shopping street, one of the most famous routes of the World, hosting labels such as Sephora, Lancel, Louis Vuitton and Guerlain, as well as Renault, Toyota and numerous small souvenir outlets,"
"historique"". Since 2003, the ""Comité national pour la reconstruction des Tuileries"" has been proposing to rebuild the Tuileries Palace. This effort is similar to the proposal of reconstruction of the Berliner Stadtschloss (Berlin City Palace). There are several reasons for rebuilding the Palace of the Tuileries. Ever since the destruction of 1883, the famous perspective of the Champs-Élysées, which ended on the majestic façade of the Tuileries Palace, now ends at the ""Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel"", formerly centered on the Tuileries but now occupying a large empty space. The Louvre, with its pyramid on the one hand, and the"
"Charles Ribart Charles François Ribart de Chamoust (""fl."" 1776–1783 ) was an 18th-century French architect. In 1758, Ribart planned an addition to the Champs-Élysées in Paris, to be constructed where the Arc de Triomphe now stands. It consisted of three levels, to be built in the shape of an elephant, with entry via a spiral staircase in the underbelly. The building was to have a form of air conditioning, and furniture that folded into the walls. A drainage system was to be incorporated into the elephant's trunk. The French Government, however, was not amused and turned him down. Napoleon would"
"Axe historique (also known as the ""Voie Triomphale""), a seven-kilometre straight line of structures and thoroughfares, including the Place de la Concorde, Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe and the Grande Arche de La Défense. Pavillon de Flore The Pavillon de Flore, part of the Palais du Louvre in Paris, France, stands at the southwest end of the Louvre, near the Pont Royal. It was originally constructed in 1607–1610, during the reign of Henry IV, as the corner pavilion between the Tuileries Palace to the north and the Louvre's Grande Galerie to the east. The pavilion was entirely redesigned and rebuilt"
"stands west of the Louvre. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. As the central cohesive element of the ""Axe historique"" (historic axis, a sequence of monuments and grand thoroughfares on a route running from the courtyard of the Louvre to the Grande Arche de la Défense), the Arc de Triomphe was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806,"
"built on the surface since it would affect the appearance of the Arc de Triomphe and breach the Arc's listing statute. In 2009 an accident occurred there every two weeks. In March 2015, the tunnel was ""provisorly"" close, as of Novembre 2017 it was still closed. Tunnel de l'Étoile The tunnel de l'Étoile is a road tunnel in Paris. It links the avenue des Champs-Élysées to the avenue de la Grande Armée, passing underneath the place Charles-de-Gaulle and the Arc de Triomphe. It is around 400 metres long and has two one way lanes. Its entrance has been the site"
"Axe historique The Axe historique (; ) is a line of monuments, buildings and thoroughfares that extends from the centre of Paris, France, to the west. It is also known as the ""Voie Triomphale"" (""triumphal way""). The Axe Historique began with the creation of the Champs Élysées, designed in the 17th century to create a vista to the west, extending the central axis of the gardens to the royal Palace of the Tuileries. Today the Tuileries Gardens (""Jardins des Tuileries"") remain, preserving their wide central pathway, though the palace was burned down during the Paris Commune, 1871. Between the Tuileries"
"Tunnel de l'Étoile The tunnel de l'Étoile is a road tunnel in Paris. It links the avenue des Champs-Élysées to the avenue de la Grande Armée, passing underneath the place Charles-de-Gaulle and the Arc de Triomphe. It is around 400 metres long and has two one way lanes. Its entrance has been the site of many road traffic accidents by lorries. In effect the tunnel has a height of 2.4 meters (=7 feet and 10.49 inches), which is only signalled by a sign hanging above the entrance. Lorries are too high and hit the tunnel roof. No portico can be"
"Gaulle in 1944 observed this custom. By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965–1966 it was cleaned through bleaching. In the prolongation of the Avenue des Champs-Élysées, a new arch, the Grande Arche de la Défense, was built in 1982, completing the line of monuments that forms Paris's ""Axe historique"". After the ""Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel"" and the ""Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile"", the ""Grande Arche"" is the third arch built on the same perspective. In 1995, the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria placed a bomb near the"
"Pont aval The Pont Aval is a bridge that crosses the Seine in Paris, France. It is open exclusively to motor vehicles traveling along the Boulevard Périphérique, a roadway which encircles the city. The Pont Aval is the last bridge spanning the Seine if one were to follow the river's course downstream through the capital. The Pont Aval is located in the southwest of Paris, linking the 15th and 16th arrondissements, connecting the Quai d'Issy-les-Moulineaux and the Quai Saint-Exupéry. With a total length of 313 meters (1,027 feet), the Pont Aval is the longest in Paris. The bridge was opened"
"Paris meridian The Paris meridian is a meridian line running through the Paris Observatory in Paris, France—now longitude 2°20′14.03″ east. It was a long-standing rival to the Greenwich meridian as the prime meridian of the world. The Paris meridian arc or French meridian arc (French: ""la Méridienne de France"") is the name of the meridian arc measured along the Paris meridian. The French meridian arc was important for French cartography, inasmuch as the triangulations of France began with the measurement of the French meridian arc. Moreover, the French meridian arc was important for geodesy as it was one of the"
"by a quadriga sculpted by Baron François Joseph Bosio, depicting Peace riding in a triumphal chariot led by gilded Victories on both sides. The composition commemorates the Restoration of the Bourbons following Napoleon's downfall. The Arc du Carrousel inspired the design of Marble Arch, constructed in London between 1826 and 1833. The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is at the eastern end of Paris Axe historique (""historic axis""), a nine-kilometre-long linear route which dominates much of the northwestern quadrant of the city. Looking west, the arch is aligned with the obelisk in the Place de la Concorde, the centerline of"
"November until early January. Since 1975, the last stage of the Tour de France cycling race has finished on the Champs-Élysées. The subsequent awards ceremony also takes place directly on the avenue. Huge gatherings occasionally take place on the Champs-Élysées in celebration of popular events, such as New Year's Eve, or when France won the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The Champs-Élysées has occasionally been the site of large political protest meetings. On 20 April 2017, a police officer was shot dead on the Champs-Élysées by an extremist and two other officers were injured. They were all sitting in a parked"
"Tour Percée The Tour Percée double arch, also named the Tour Isabelle arch, is a double natural arch, located in the Parc Naturel Régional de la Chartreuse, Chartreuse Mountains, France. Its span is , which makes it the biggest natural arch in the Alps. It remained unknown for probably everybody, until its discovery in May 2005, when Pascal Sombardier, who was trekking to write his book ""Chartreuse inédite : Itinéraires insolites"", dealing with lost places of the range, discovered it fortuitously. Its pictures illustrated the front cover of his book, published in 2006 : this double arch became then the"
"(width: 110m, height: 110m, depth: 110m); it has been suggested that the structure looks like a hypercube (a tesseract) projected onto the three-dimensional world. It has a prestressed concrete frame covered with glass and Carrara marble from Italy and was built by the French civil engineering company Bouygues. ""La Grande Arche"" was inaugurated in July 1989, with grand military parades that marked the bicentennial of the French Revolution. It completed the line of monuments that forms the ""Axe historique"" running through Paris. The ""Arche"" is turned at an angle of 6.33° about the vertical axis. The most important reason for"
"""Arche"" is almost a perfect cube (width: , height: , depth: ); it has been suggested that the structure looks like a four-dimensional hypercube (a tesseract) projected onto the three-dimensional world. It has a prestressed concrete frame covered with glass and Carrara marble from Italy and was built by the French civil engineering company Bouygues. ""La Grande Arche"" was inaugurated on 14 July 1989, with grand military parades that marked the bicentennial of the French revolution and completed the line of monuments that forms the ""Axe historique"" running through Paris. Monumental in scope and public in purpose, the best-known of"
"and its iconographic program pits heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. It set the tone for public monuments with triumphant patriotic messages. Inspired by the Arch of Titus in Rome, Italy, the Arc de Triomphe has an overall height of , width of , and depth of , while its large vault is high and wide. The smaller transverse vaults are high and wide. Three weeks after the Paris victory parade in 1919 (marking the end of hostilities in World War I), Charles Godefroy flew his Nieuport biplane under the arch's primary vault, with the"
"pearls; and the geniuses of astronomy, navigation and commerce. Fontaines des Champs-Élysées. (1839–1840). Having finished the fontaines de la Concorde, Hittorff built four additional fountains in the squares on the Champs-Élysées between the Place de la Concorde and the Arc de Triomphe, which had just been finished in 1836. The lower part of each fountain is the same; a circular basin, a pedestal with seashell ornamentation; a vasque supported by dolphins and ornamented with palm leaves; and (on three of the four) lion heads spouting water. The upper part of each fountain was different; Carré des Ambassadeurs - a Venus"
"Grande Arche La Grande Arche de la Défense (, ""The Great Arc of the Defense""; also ""La Grande Arche de la Fraternité"") is a monument and building in the business district of ""La Défense"" and in the commune of Puteaux, to the west of Paris, France. It is usually known as the Arche de la Défense or simply as La Grande Arche. A 110 meter high cube, La Grande Arche is part of the perspective from the Louvre to Arc de Triomphe. The distance from La Grande Arche to Arc de Triomphe is 4 km. A great national design competition"
"Place Charles de Gaulle The Place Charles de Gaulle, historically known as the Place de l'Étoile (), is a large road junction in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve straight avenues (hence its historic name, which translates as ""Square of the Star"") including the Champs-Élysées. It was renamed in 1970 following the death of General and President Charles de Gaulle. It is still often referred to by its original name, and the nearby metro station retains the designation Charles de Gaulle – Étoile. Paris Axe historique (""historical axis"") cuts through the Arc de Triomphe, which stands at the centre"
"of Place de la Concorde, the Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe, centred in the Place de l'Étoile circus, the ""Avenue de la Grande Armée"" (through the 16th and the 17th), and ends at the Grande Arche de la Défense outside of Paris. The former Conciergerie prison held some prominent Ancien Régime members before their deaths during the French Revolution. Also of note in the 1st arrondissement are the theatres Théâtre du Châtelet, Théâtre du Palais-Royal, squares such as Place des Pyramides, Place Dauphine, Place des Victoires and Place du Châtelet, the Comédie-Française, Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, the Palais"
"to Jean Moulin by George Jeanclos (1984); to Georges Pompidou by Louis Derbré (1984). and to Winston Churchill and Charles DeGaulle. One of the most recent monuments in the park is a statue of fashion designer Pierre Cardin by the sculptor Andrei Kovalchuk, placed near the Carré des Ambassadeurs in 2011. Jardin des Champs-Élysées The Jardin des Champs-Élysées is a public park located in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. It occupies 13.7 hectares, and is located on both sides of the Avenue des Champs-Élysées between the Place de la Concorde on the east and the Rond-point des Champs-Élysées on the"
"Axe historique of the Place de la Concorde-Champs-Élysées-Arc de Triomphe on the other, are not aligned on the same axis. The ""Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel"" fortuitously stands near the intersection of the two axes. The Palace of the Tuileries, which was located at the junction of these two diverging axes, helped to disguise this bending of the axes. Architects argue that the rebuilding of the Tuileries would allow the re-establishment of the harmony of these two different axes. The Tuileries Gardens would also recover their purpose, which was to be a palace garden. Also, it is emphasized that the"
"symbol of the hidden treasures of the Chartreuse Mountains. Located in a very remote area, with a difficult and dangerous access, very few guide books, even the most recent ones, mention its existence. Tour Percée The Tour Percée double arch, also named the Tour Isabelle arch, is a double natural arch, located in the Parc Naturel Régional de la Chartreuse, Chartreuse Mountains, France. Its span is , which makes it the biggest natural arch in the Alps. It remained unknown for probably everybody, until its discovery in May 2005, when Pascal Sombardier, who was trekking to write his book ""Chartreuse"
"who created a detailed parkway design that was formally added to the City Plan in 1909. Construction on the Parkway did not begin until 1917, when French landscape architect Jacques Gréber submitted a revised plan to the Commissioners of Fairmount Park. Gréber designed the Parkway in 1917 to emulate the Champs-Élysées in Paris, France. The route was determined by an axis drawn from City Hall Tower to a fixed point on the hill that William Penn called ""Fairmount"", now the site of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The Champs-Élysées terminates at the Arc de Triomphe, and the Parkway's terminating at"