"Party, better known as the Nazi Party – joining in January 1919, eight months before Adolf Hitler joined in September. According to some historians, Rosenberg had also been a member of the Thule Society, along with Eckart, although Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke contends that they were only guests. After the ""Völkischer Beobachter"" became the Nazi party newspaper in December 1920, Rosenberg became its editor, in 1923. Rosenberg was a leading member of Aufbau Vereinigung, Reconstruction Organisation, a conspiratorial organisation of White Russian émigrés which had a critical influence on early Nazi policy. In 1923, after the failed Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler, who"
"1923 Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and his National Socialist friends shared most of the basic pan-German visions with the Pan-German League, but differences in political style led the two groups to open rivalry. The German Workers Party of Bohemia cut its ties to the pan-German movement, which was seen as being too dominated by the upper classes, and joined forces with the German Workers Party led by Anton Drexler, which later became the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi party) that was to be headed by Adolf Hitler from 1921. Nazi propaganda also used the political slogan ""Ein Volk, ein"
"retain the command. In 1923, many right-wing groups wanted to emulate Mussolini's ""March on Rome"" by a ""March on Berlin"". Among these were the wartime General Erich Ludendorff and also the Nazi (NSDAP) group, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler decided to try to seize power in what was later known as the ""Hitler Putsch"" or Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff sought support of the triumvirate. However, Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had their own plan to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. On 8 November 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people which had been"
"after being liberated by US forces through the effects of his incarceration in Straubing. Adolf Hitler's 1923 ""Beer Hall Putsch"" in Munich had the restoration of the monarchy as its pretext. However, it was carried out without the crown prince's knowledge and support, and collapsed. Rupprecht again did not want to take the crown by illegal means and thereby assured himself of Hitler's lasting enmity. Adolf Hitler made it clear at the time (and at his trial) that he believed in a Republic (in the strict sense of a land ruled by the people) and opposed the idea of a"
"also the Nazi (NSDAP) group, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler decided to try to seize power in what was later known as the ""Hitler Putsch"" or Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of the ""triumvirate"". However, Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had their own plan to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. Hitler was determined to act before the appeal of his agitation waned. So on November 8, 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people which had been organized by Kahr in the Bürgerbräukeller, a large beer hall in Munich. Hitler interrupted Kahr's"
"with the established Evangelical churches in the state of Bavaria can be substantially traced back even today to the determined policies of Matt. During the Beer Hall Putsch of November 9, 1923, Franz Matt was the only member of the Bavarian State cabinet not present. At the time of the putsch, he was having dinner with Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber, the Archbishop of Munich and the Nuncio to Bavaria, Monsignor Eugenio Pacelli, the future pope Pius XII. When informed of the coup, he as the Vice Prime Minister organized a government-in-exile at Regensburg and called on the police, military, and"
"small personal bodyguard unit for Adolf Hitler named ""Stoßtrupp-Hitler"" (""Shock Troop-Hitler""). That same year, Hitler felt strong enough to try to seize power in Munich. Inspired by Benito Mussolini's ""March on Rome"" the previous year, the Nazis aimed to first establish power in Munich and then challenge the government in Berlin. On 9 November 1923 the ""Stoßtrupp"", along with the SA and several other paramilitary units, took part in the abortive coup d'état, resulting in the death of sixteen Nazi supporters and four police officers, an event known as the Beer Hall Putsch. After the putsch, Hitler and other Nazi"
"Bürgerbräukeller The Bürgerbräukeller was a large beer hall in Munich, Germany. Opened in 1885, it was one of the largest beer halls of the Bürgerliches Brauhaus. After Bürgerliches merged with Löwenbräu in 1921, the hall was transferred to that company. The Bürgerbräukeller was where Adolf Hitler launched the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923, and in 1939 saw an attempted assassination of Hitler and other Nazi leaders by Georg Elser. It survived aerial bombing in World War II. The Bürgerbräukeller was demolished in 1979, the Gasteig complex being built on its site. The Bürgerbräukeller was located in the Haidhausen district"
"the split between Bavaria and the central government. The impetus of this consolidation was the ending of the clandestine Ruhr war by the Berlin central government which infuriated the freebooters and nationalists. The ""Kampfbund"" conducted the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923 in Munich, Germany. By this time, the German Workers' Party (DAP) had changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). It had grown from a fringe sect to Bavaria's most powerful political force of 70,000 members. By 1923, the SA was the Nazi Party's private army with about 15,000 members. A subgroup of the NSDAP"
"Küstrin Putsch The Küstrin Putsch, also known as the Buchrucker Putsch, was a reaction to the September 26, 1923 quelling of resistance by the German government to the occupation of the Ruhr region. Led by Bruno Ernst Buchrucker, groups of the Black Reichswehr wanted to bring down the Reich government of Chancellor Gustav Stresemann and replace the parliamentarian-democratic Republic with a national dictatorship. Another motive for the putsch was the Reichswehr's decision to disband work details, causing many of their members to lose their livelihood. The attempt to occupy Küstrin, a garrison city, was prevented by units of the Reichswehr."
"and resulted in the death of 16 Nazi supporters and 4 police officers. In the aftermath of the putsch both Hitler and other Nazi leaders were incarcerated at Landsberg Prison. The Nazi Party and all associated formations, including the ""Stoßtrupp"", were officially disbanded. Berchtold then left Germany and fled to Tirol, Austria. Berchtold was tried in absentia before the special People's Court in Munich in 1924 for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch and sentenced to a prison term. During his time in Austria, Berchtold continued to be involved with Nazi Party activities, even though it was illegal. When"
"the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, and his subsequent trial and imprisonment, Hitler decided that the way for the Nazi Party to achieve power was not through insurrection, but through legal and quasi-legal means. This did not sit well with the brown-shirted stormtroopers of the SA, especially those in Berlin, who chafed under the restrictions that Hitler placed on them, and their subordination to the party. This resulted in the Stennes Revolt of 1930-31, after which Hitler made himself the Supreme Commander of the SA, and brought Ernst Röhm back to be their Chief of Staff and"
"the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, which was bloodily suppressed by the police. Hindenburg was not involved but inevitably was prominent in newspaper reports. He issued a statement urging national unity. On 16 November the Reichsbank introduced the Rentenmark, which was indexed to gold bonds. Twelve zeros were cut from prices, which stabilized. The political divisions in the nation began to ease. The foreign minister was Gustav Stresemann, the leader of the German People's Party. His goal was to restore Germany to its prewar status, but as a master of diplomacy he worked quietly a step at a time, first"
"National Socialists. At the end of September 1923, Scheubner-Richter provided Adolf Hitler with a lengthy plan for revolution, writing: ""The national revolution must not precede the seizure of political power; the seizure of the state's police power constitutes the promise for the national revolution"" and ""to lay hands on the state police power in a way that is at least outwardly legal"". During the Beer Hall Putsch, walking arm-in-arm with Hitler, he was shot in the lungs and died instantly as Hitler and others marched toward armed guards on 9 November 1923. He brought Hitler down and dislocated Hitler's right"
"Kapp Putsch The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish a right-wing autocratic government in its place. It was supported by parts of the ""Reichswehr"" (military) and other conservative, nationalist and monarchist factions. The coup took place in the capital, Berlin, and the legitimate German government was forced to flee the city. The coup failed after a few days, when large sections of the German population followed"
"the political department VI to succeed Wilhelm Frick. On the evening of November 8, 1923, during the Beer Hall Putsch, Adolf Hitler proclaimed a National Revolution in Munich's Bürgerbräukeller with a group of armed SA men in front of about 3,000 people and declared the second Stresemann cabinet deposed. Sturmabteilung leader Rudolf Hess read a list of names of ministers and senior civil servants, drawn up by Hitler or Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter. The list included Prime Minister Eugen von Knilling, (Ministers of the Interior), Franz Gürtner (Justice) and (Agriculture), (police chief), and Bernreuther (head of the political police). All"
"the Fascists. The Nazis, led by Hitler and the German war hero Erich Ludendorff, attempted a ""March on Berlin"" modeled upon the March on Rome, which resulted in the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich in November 1923. The conditions of economic hardship caused by the Great Depression brought about an international surge of social unrest. According to historian Philip Morgan, ""the onset of the Great Depression...was the greatest stimulus yet to the diffusion and expansion of fascism outside Italy"". Fascist propaganda blamed the problems of the long depression of the 1930s on minorities and scapegoats: “Judeo-Masonic-bolshevik” conspiracies, left-wing internationalism"
"Otto von Lossow General Otto Hermann von Lossow (15 January 1868 – 25 November 1938) was a Bavarian Army and then German Army officer who played a prominent role in the events surrounding the attempted Beer Hall Putsch by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in November 1923. Lossow was born in Hof in the Kingdom of Bavaria. He entered the Bavarian Army in 1888. He served in a variety of assignments, and was trained as a general staff officer. He served with the German contingent of the relief expedition during the Boxer Rebellion. Immediately prior to World War I,"
"the Berlin government and join his revolt. In this, he was influenced by former General Erich Ludendorff, who had become a supporter—though not a member—of the Nazis. On the night of 8 November, the Nazis used a patriotic rally in a Munich beer hall to launch an attempted ""putsch"" (""coup d'état""). This so-called Beer Hall Putsch attempt failed almost at once when the local ""Reichswehr"" commanders refused to support it. On the morning of 9 November, the Nazis staged a march of about 2,000 supporters through Munich in an attempt to rally support. Troops opened fire and 16 Nazis were"
"Beer Hall Putsch in 1923 caused a rift between Catholic and Protestant members and thereafter the movement became predominantly Protestant. Archbishop Betram sought to join the Nazi Party in 1932 with Archbishop Groeber joining the SS as a promotive member in 1933 and Bishop Hudal helping Nazi war criminals to escape after the war. According to Kershaw, the German church leadership expended considerable energies in opposing government interference in the churches and ""attempts to ride roughshod over Christian doctrine and values"", but this vigour, was not matched against all areas of ""Nazi barbarism"". Thus for example, what protests the bishops"
"for their humiliation on the Weimar Republic. Adolf Hitler, a leader of the Nazi Party, attempted a coup d'état against the republic to establish a Greater German Reich known as the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Although this failed, Hitler gained recognition as a national hero amongst the German population. The demilitarized Rhineland and additional cutbacks on military infuriated the Germans. Although it is logical that France would want the Rhineland to be a neutral zone, the fact that France had the power to make that desire happen merely added onto the resentment of the Germans against the French. In"
"terms of the Treaty of Versailles, antisemitism, and anti-Bolshevism, driven by Adolf Hitler and his world view. After getting involved with the Nazi Party, Schaub lost his job at the Munich Central Supply Office. Upon hearing the news, Hitler hired him as his personal aide-de-camp. Thereafter, Schaub looked after his confidential papers, carried money for Hitler's use and provided both secretary and security duties. In 1923, the Nazis felt strong enough to try to seize power in Munich. They decided to march on the city, inspired by Benito Mussolini's successful march on Rome. Known as the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler"
"Tyrolese wishing to join Bavaria. The Bavarian government's actions prompted the German government to respond by proposing the ""anschluss"" of Austria into Germany. In 1923, Bavarian monarchists under Minister-President Gustav Ritter von Kahr and his Bavarian People's Party attempted to seize control of the Bavarian government and declare Bavaria independent of Germany and restore the Bavarian monarchy. This Bavarian separatist coup attempt was frustrated by the actions of the then-small Nazi Party which preempted the planned coup and itself attempted to take over the Bavarian government in what became known as the Beerhall Putsch. Bavarian nationalists and the Nazi Party"
"degenerate art. Kapp Putsch The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish a right-wing autocratic government in its place. It was supported by parts of the ""Reichswehr"" (military) and other conservative, nationalist and monarchist factions. The coup took place in the capital, Berlin, and the legitimate German government was forced to flee the city. The coup failed after a few days, when large sections of the German"
"now known as the Beer Hall Putsch, the Nazis took control of parts of Munich, arrested the president of Bavaria, the chief of police, and others and forced them to sign an agreement in which they endorsed the Nazi takeover and its objective to overthrow the German government. The putsch came to an end when the German army and police were called in to put it down, resulting in an armed confrontation in which a number of Nazis and some police were killed. The Weimar Republic was always under great pressure from both left-wing and right-wing extremists. The left-wing extremists"
"for the NSDAP, which at the same time was also strongly antisemitic and anti-communist. By 1920, Strasser, and his paramilitary group had joined forces with Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party (NSDAP), another far-right political party seated in Munich. During the autumn of 1922, Strasser officially became a member of the NSDAP and the SA. Strasser's leadership qualities were soon recognized and he was appointed as regional head of the ""Sturmabteilung"" (""Storm Detachment""; SA) in Lower Bavaria. In November 1923, he took an active part in the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch, a coup attempt by Hitler and Ludendorff against the Weimar Republic."
"sixteen. Many more were wounded, including Hermann Göring. As a result of the failure of the so-called Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler was arrested and sentenced to a prison term. After the Nazis took power in 1933, Hitler turned the Feldherrnhalle into a memorial to the Nazis killed during the failed putsch. A memorial to the fallen SA men was put up on its east side, opposite the location of the shootings. This monument, called the ""Mahnmal der Bewegung"", was created to a design by Paul Ludwig Troost. It was a rectangular structure listing the names of the martyrs. This was"
"Germany seized the chance to make an ally. Walther Rathenau, the Jewish Foreign Minister who signed the treaty, was assassinated two months later by two ultra-nationalist army officers. Further pressure from the political right came in 1923 with the Beer Hall Putsch, also called the Munich Putsch, staged by the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler in Munich. In 1920, the German Workers' Party had become the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), or Nazi party, and would become a driving force in the collapse of Weimar. Hitler named himself as chairman of the party in July 1921. On 8 November"
"almost secure victory into a defeat. It was mainly Ludendorff who contributed to the spread of this falsification of history to conceal his own role in the defeat. In nationalistic and national minded circles, the myth fell on fertile ground. They soon defamed the revolutionaries and even politicians like Ebert, who never wanted the revolution and had done everything to channel and contain it, as ""November Criminals"" (Novemberverbrecher). In 1923, Hitler and Ludendorff deliberately chose symbolic 9 November as the date of their attempted ""Beer Hall Putsch"". From its very beginning, the Weimar Republic was afflicted with the stigma of"
"Jakob Ritter von Danner Jakob Ritter von Danner (7 August 1865 – 28 December 1942) was a Bavarian general in the Imperial German Army and the Reichswehr. As commandant of the Munich garrison of the ""Reichswehr"", he was a central figure in putting down the attempted Beer Hall Putsch by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in 1923. Born Jakob Danner, he was commissioned a lieutenant in the Royal Bavarian Army on 7 July 1886. He was promoted to ""Oberleutnant"" (1st lieutenant) on 6 November 1894 and captain on 28 October 1901. He served in the German expeditionary forces sent to"
"supporting elites [and had] profound disdain for civil order, for human and moral values"" and for the ideas of classical liberalism as well as those of Marxism. In 1923 Hitler enlisted the help of World War I General Erich Ludendorff for an attempted coup known as the ""Beer Hall Putsch"". The NSDAP used Italian Fascism as a model for their appearance and policies. Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini's ""March on Rome"" of 1922 by staging his own coup in Bavaria, to be followed by a challenge to the government in Berlin. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of ""Staatskommissar"""
"1923, the unit was renamed ""Stoßtrupp"" (Shock Troop)–Hitler. The unit numbered no more than 20 members at that time. On 9 November 1923, the ""Stoßtrupp"", along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party and all associated formations, including the ""Stoßtrupp"", were disbanded. In the mid-1920s, violence remained a large part of Bavarian politics. Hitler was a potential target. In 1925, Hitler ordered the formation of a new bodyguard unit, the ""Schutzkommando"" (protection command). The unit was renamed the ""Sturmstaffel"""
"members of the Thule society, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP) at its beginning. Although the DAP evolved quite soon into NSDAP (Nazi Party), Frank waited until September 1923 to become a member of the ""Sturmabteilung"" (SA), and in October he officially joined the NSDAP. In November of the same year, Frank took part in the Beer Hall Putsch, the failed coup attempt intended to parallel Mussolini's March on Rome. In the aftermath of the attempted putsch, Frank fled to Austria returning in Munich only in 1924, after the pending legal proceedings were stayed. Frank studied law (he passed"