"Sufi music Sufi music is the devotional music of the Sufis, inspired by the works of Sufi poets, like Rumi, Hafiz, Bulleh Shah, Amir Khusrow and Khwaja Ghulam Farid. Qawwali is the most well known form of Sufi music, and is most commonly found in the Sufi culture in South Asia. However, music is also central to the Sema ceremony of the whirling dervishes, which is set to a form of music called Ayin, a vocal and instrumental piece featuring Turkish classical instruments such as the ney (a reed flute). The West African gnawa is another form, and Sufis from"
"Khalwati order The Khalwati order (also known as Khalwatiyya, Khalwatiya, or Halveti, as it is known in Turkey) is an Islamic Sufi brotherhood (""tariqa""). Along with the Naqshbandi, Qadiri and Shadhili orders, it is among the most famous Sufi orders. The order takes its name from the Arabic word ""khalwa"", meaning “method of withdrawal or isolation from the world for mystical purposes.” The order was founded by Umar al-Khalwati in the city of Herat in medieval Khorasan (now located in western Afghanistan). However, it was Umar's disciple, Yahya Shirvani, who founded the “Khalwati Way.” Yahya Shirvani wrote Wird al-Sattar, a"
"is through participation in the communal rites and rituals that one reaches a more advanced stage of awareness, one that the theorists of the order described as a face-to-face encounter with Allah. Khalwati order The Khalwati order (also known as Khalwatiyya, Khalwatiya, or Halveti, as it is known in Turkey) is an Islamic Sufi brotherhood (""tariqa""). Along with the Naqshbandi, Qadiri and Shadhili orders, it is among the most famous Sufi orders. The order takes its name from the Arabic word ""khalwa"", meaning “method of withdrawal or isolation from the world for mystical purposes.” The order was founded by Umar"
"Qadiriyya, Qalandariyya, Sarwari Qadiriyya, Shadhiliyya, Suhrawardiyya, Saifiah (Naqshbandiah), and Uwaisi. The relationship of Sufi orders to modern societies is usually defined by their relationship to governments. Turkey and Persia together have been a center for many Sufi lineages and orders. The Bektashi were closely affiliated with the Ottoman Janissaries and are the heart of Turkey's large and mostly liberal Alevi population. They have spread westwards to Cyprus, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and, more recently, to the United States, via Albania. Sufism is popular in such African countries as Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Senegal,"
"Badawiyya The Badawiyyah, Sufi tarika, was founded in the thirteenth century in Egypt by Ahmad al-Badawi (1199-1276). As a tarika, the Badawiyyah lacks any distinct doctrines. It was, however, extremely popular during both the Mamluk and Ottoman periods of Egypt. Mamluk Sultans often supported elaborate 'Mawlids' at the resting place of Sheikh Ahmed al-Badawi (or ""Seyyid Badawi"" as he is more commonly known) in the Nile Delta town of Tanta. During the Ottoman period, this order spread to Turkey and there were several Tekkes or zawiyas in Istanbul many of which survived until the founding of the Turkish republic. The"
"also be different prayer practices, patterns of association, and the nature of relations linking the disciples to the shaykh and to each other. The Khalwati order had many tekkes in Istanbul, the most famous being the Jerrahi, Ussaki, Sunbuli, Ramazani and Nasuhi. Although the Sufi orders are now abolished in the Republic of Turkey, the above are almost all now mosques and/or places of visitation by Muslims for prayer. The hallmark of the Khalwatiyya tariqa, way, and its numerous subdivisions is its periodic retreat (khalwa) that is required of every novice. These can last between three days to forty days."
"(1481–1511) in Ottoman Turkey. During this time, the sultan practiced Sufi rituals, which, without a doubt, brought in many people to the order who wanted to advance their political career. This is the time period where members of the upper class, Ottoman military, and higher ranks of civil services were all involved with the Khalwati order. The Sufi sheikh, Chelebi Khalifa, moved the headquarters of the Khalwati order from Amasya to Istanbul. Here, they rebuilt a former church into a ""tekke"", or Sufi lodge. The tekke became known as the Koca Mustafa Pasha Mosque. These buildings spread throughout the region"
"Bayramiye Bayrami, Bayramiye, Bayramiyya, Bayramiyye, and Bayramilik refer to a Turkish Sufi order (tariqah) founded by Hajji Bayram ""(Hacı Bayram-ı Veli)"" in Ankara around the year 1400 as a combination of Khalwatī, Naqshbandī, and Akbarī Sufi Orders. The order spread to the then Ottoman capital Istanbul where there were several tekkes and into the Balkans (especially Rumelia, Bosnia, Macedonia and Greece). The order also spread into Egypt where a tekke was found in the capital, Cairo. Although the order today is almost nonexistent, its influence can be seen in Aziz Mahmud Hudayi founder of the Jelveti order, and the prolific"
"the details of which sometimes vary between Sufi orders or ""tariqah"". Each order, or lineage within an order, has one or more forms for group dhikr, the liturgy of which may include recitation, singing, music, dance, costumes, incense, ""muraqaba"" (meditation), ecstasy, and trance. Though the extent, usage and acceptability of many of these elements vary from order to order - with many condemning the usage of instruments (considered unlawful by most scholars) and intentional loss of control. In addition, costumes are quite uncommon and is almost exclusively unique to the Mevlavi order in Turkey - which is an official cultural"
"Jalaluddin Rumi, which was the main Sunni order of the Ottoman empire, and its ""sama"" ritual (known in the West as ""the whirling dervishes""). The Mevlevi order, its rituals and Ottoman classical music has been banned in Turkey through much of the 20th century as part of the country's drive towards secular ""modernisation"", and the order's properties have been expropriated and the country's mosques put out of its control, which has radically diminished its influence in modern Turkey. In 2008, UNESCO confirmed the ""Mevlevi Sama Ceremony"" of Turkey as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of"
"Mevlevi order a special permission to perform ritual whirling practices for tourists during two weeks each year. Outside of tourist entertainment, Orthodox theologians have now vocally discounted the Dervish practice resulting in ""faqirs"", or wandering, mendicant dervishes throughout central Islamic regions. Despite strict government control over Dervish practices, the Mevleviyah order continued its existence in Turkey to this day. While only men have historically been permitted to take part in the ceremony, some communities now allow women to participate. In Egypt, the practice of whirling has been adapted as tanoura ( """"). The word ""tanoura"" or ""tannoura"" refers to the"
"considered a Sufi sect, and have an untraditional form of religious leadership that is not scholarship oriented like other Sunni and Shia groups. Seven to Eleven Million Alevi people including the other denominations of Twelver Shi'ites live in Anatolia. In Turkey, Shia Muslim people belong to the Ja'fari jurisprudence Madhhab, which tracks back to the sixth Shia Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq ""(also known as Imam Jafar-i Sadiq),"" are called as the Ja'faris, who belong to Twelver Shia. Although the Alevi Turks are being considered as a part of Twelver Shia Islam, their belief is different from the Ja'fari jurisprudence in conviction."
"in Konya (Qonya), Anatolia, by the Persian Sufi poet Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi (d. 1273), whose popular title mawlana (Arabic for ""our master"") gave the order its name. The order, propagated throughout Anatolia, controlled Konya and environs by the 15th century and in the 17th century appeared in Istanbul. In the Central Asian and Pakistani context, where Mullah does not carry a formal meaning, ""Maulana"" or ""Maulvi"" is often the word of choice for addressing or referring to respected Muslim religious scholars (ulama). Although the words Maulvi, Maulbi and Maulana are interchanged in the South Asia as a title of respect,"
"""Chishtiyya"" as they are also known, flourished as a regional mystical order. The Kubrawiya order is a Sufi order (""tariqa"") named after its 13th-century founder Najmuddin Kubra. The Kubrawiya Sufi order was founded in the 13th century by Najmuddin Kubra in Bukhara in modern Uzbekistan. The Mongols had captured Bukhara in 1221, they committed genocide and killed nearly the whole population. Sheikh Nadjm ed-Din Kubra was among those killed by the Mongols. The Mevlevi Order is better known in the West as the ""whirling dervishes"". Mouride is a large Islamic Sufi order most prominent in Senegal and The Gambia, with"
"Mawlawi (Islamic title) Moulvi (; also spelled Maulvi, Mawlawi, and Mawlvi) is an honorific Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars, or ulama, preceding their names, similar to the titles Mawlānā, Mullah, or Sheikh. Mawlawi generally means a highly qualified Islamic scholar, usually one who has completed full studies in a madrassa (Islamic school) or darul uloom (Islamic seminary). It is commonly used in Iran, Central Asia, South Asia, South East Asia and East Africa. The word Mawlawi is derived from the Arabic word ""mawla"", which has several meanings, including ""lord"". Turkish Mawlawi fraternity of Sufis (Muslim mystics) founded"
"known as a zāwiyah (, plural ""zāwiyāt""; also transliterated as ""zawiya"", ""zāwiya"" or ""zaouia""). In Turkey, Iran and formerly Ottoman areas like Albania and Bosnia, they are locally referred to as tekije (تكيه; also transliterated as tekke, ""tekyeh"", ""teqe"" or ""takiyah""). In South Asia, the words ""khanqah"" and ""dargah"" are used interchangeably for Sufi shrines. In addition, there are lodges in Central and South Asia often referred to as Qalander Khane that serve as rest houses for the unaffiliated malang, dervishes and fakirs. Khanqahs later spread across the Islamic world, from Morocco to Indonesia. The first khanqah in India is"
"Sufi ritual is practiced under this name primarily in the Arab world but also in some non-Arab Muslim countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia. In Turkish Sufism the Hadra is often referred to as the ""Devran"" and is a feature of the Khalwati, Shadhili, Qadiri and Rifa'i orders throughout Turkey and the Balkans. More information concerning this is widely detailed in Abdelkebir Al Kattani's book (Nujum al Muhtadin - نجوم المهتدين في دلائل الاجتماع للذكر على طريقة المشايخ المتأخرين برفع الأرجل من الأرض والاهتزاز شوقا لرب العالمين) Haḍra Haḍra () is a collective supererogatory ritual performed by Sufi orders. It"
"to the Khalwatis by the Sultan to use as a Tekke. Almost all of the sheikhs who sat at the post of grand sheikh of this order are buried at the Tekke, including another noted Sheikh of this order, Merkez Efendi (d.1552) in Yenikapı. The tomb is frequently visited by Muslims, some of whom consider him to be a saint. Alternate spellings or transcriptions of this name are: Sümbül Efendi, Sünbül Efendi, Şeyh Sümbül, Sümbül Sinan, and Sünbül Sinan. Sünbül is the Turkish word for the hyacinth flower. Sünbül Efendi Sünbül Efendi (died 1529 AD in Istanbul) was the founder"
"Jelveti Celvetîyye Tariqat or Jelveti is a Sufi order that was founded by """"Akbıyık Sultan"""", a murid of Haji Bayram Veli in Bursa as """"The tariqat of Bayramiyye-î Celvetîyye"""" and later reorganized by the Turkish saint Aziz Mahmud Hudayi. It shares the same spiritual chain as the Khalwati order and thus there are many similarities between them. The two orders split however with Sheikh Zahed Gilani, where the Jelveti order then goes on to Hajji Bayram and Aziz Mahmud Hudayi. Aziz Mahmud Hudayi was among the most famous of all Ottoman Sufi's being the Sheikh of Sultan Ahmed I who"
"also a Mewlewī monastery (, ""dargāh"") in Istanbul near the Galata Tower in which the ""samāʿ"" is performed and accessible to the public. The Mewlewī order issues an invitation to people of all backgrounds: During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced a number of notable poets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at the Galata Mewlewī Khāna (Turkish: ""Mevlevi-Hane"") in Istanbul. Music, especially that of the ney, plays an important part in the Mevlevi. With the foundation of the modern, secular Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal"
"Sunbuli The Sunbuliye is a branch of the Halveti order, founded by Sunbul Sinan Efendi, more commonly known in Turkey as 'Sunbul Effendi'. Sunbul Effendi was born in 1464 or between 1475 and 1480 in Merzifon, Turkey. He became a dervish with Shaikh Muhammed Jemaleddin al-Khalwati of the Halveti order at the Koja Mustafa Pasha Dergah/Mosque in Istanbul. After becoming a Khalif or representative of Sheikh Muhammed Jemaluddin he was sent to Egypt where he spread the Halveti order. Upon hearing of his sheykh's death he returned to Istanbul to serve the Halveti order until his death in 1529. He"
"writer and Muslim saint İsmail Hakkı Bursevî. Bayramiye Bayrami, Bayramiye, Bayramiyya, Bayramiyye, and Bayramilik refer to a Turkish Sufi order (tariqah) founded by Hajji Bayram ""(Hacı Bayram-ı Veli)"" in Ankara around the year 1400 as a combination of Khalwatī, Naqshbandī, and Akbarī Sufi Orders. The order spread to the then Ottoman capital Istanbul where there were several tekkes and into the Balkans (especially Rumelia, Bosnia, Macedonia and Greece). The order also spread into Egypt where a tekke was found in the capital, Cairo. Although the order today is almost nonexistent, its influence can be seen in Aziz Mahmud Hudayi founder"
"for example. Some classical writers indicate that the poverty of the dervish is not merely economic. Saadi, for instance, who himself travelled widely as a dervish, and wrote extensively about them, says in his ""Gulistan"": Rumi writes in Book 1 of his Masnavi: The whirling dance or Sufi whirling that is proverbially associated with dervishes is best known in the West by the practices (performances) of the Mevlevi order in Turkey, and is part of a formal ceremony known as the Sama. It is, however, also practiced by other orders. The Sama is only one of the many Sufi ceremonies"
"founded is dedicated to the teachings and traditions, through an unbroken chain of spiritual transmission (silsilah), that go directly back to Muhammad. The head dergah ""convention"" of the Halveti-Jerrahi Order is in Karagumruk, Istanbul. There are some substations in Turkey and it has branches in some European countries, Australia, South Africa, South America and North America, including Los Angeles, New York, Mexico, San Francisco, Toronto and Chicago. Branches of the Halveti-Jerrahi Order conduct gatherings where the dervishes perform Sufi remembrance ceremonies, practice sufi music, serve dinner, pray together and listen to the discourses of their Sufi guides. The main branch"
"Kubrawiya The Kubrawiya order () or Kubrawi order, also known as ""Firdausia Silsila"", is a Sufi order that traces its spiritual lineage (""Silsilah"") to prophet Muhammad through Ali, Muhammad's cousin, son-in-law and the First Imam. This is in contrast to most other Sufi orders that trace their lineage to Ali. The Kubrawiya order is named after its 13th-century founder Najmuddin Kubra, who lived in Bukhara under the Khwarazmian dynasty (present day Uzbekistan). The Mongols captured Bukhara in 1221 and killed much of the population including Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra. The Kubrawiya order places emphasis on being a universal approach, applicable to"
"Mewlewī Sufi order was founded in 1273 by Rumi's followers after his death. His first successor in the rectorship of the order was ""Husam Chalabi"" himself, after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad (died 1312), popularly known as author of the mystical ""Maṭnawī Rabābnāma"", or the ""Book of the Rabab"" was installed as grand master of the order. The leadership of the order has been kept within Rumi's family in Konya uninterruptedly since then. The Mewlewī Sufis, also known as Whirling Dervishes, believe in performing their ""dhikr"" in the form of Sama. During the"
"Ahmad Yasawi Khawaja Ahmad Yasawi or Ahmed Yesevi (, قوجا احمەت ياساۋٸ; ; 1093–1166) was a Turkic poet and Sufi, an early mystic who exerted a powerful influence on the development of Sufi orders throughout the Turkic-speaking world. Yasawi is the earliest known Turkic poet who composed poetry in Middle Turkic. He was a pioneer of popular mysticism, founded the first Turkic Sufi order, the ""Yasawiyya"" or ""Yeseviye"", which very quickly spread over Turkic-speaking areas. He was an Hanafi scholar like his murshid, Yusuf Hamdani. Ahmad Yasawi was born to Ibrahim in Sayram at the end of the 11th century."
"performed to try to reach religious ecstasy (""majdhb"", ""fana""). The name ""Mevlevi"" comes from the Persian poet Rumi, who was a dervish himself. This practice, though not intended as entertainment, has become a tourist attraction in Turkey. There are various orders of dervishes, almost all of which trace their origins from various Muslim saints and teachers, especially Imam Ali. Various orders and suborders have appeared and disappeared over the centuries. Dervishes spread into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Turkey, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Iran, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. Other dervish groups include the Bektashis, who are connected to"
"and settled mostly in the Ottoman Empire (a Turkic Muslim sultanate), where the Turkish Muslim Ottoman sultan offered the Abulafias and other Sephardic Jews refuge. The surname did not entirely disappear in Spain itself, and there are still Spanish Catholics named Abolafio. Those Abulafias who left in 1492 and settled as Jews in Italy often became known as Abolaffio, Bolaffio and Bolaffi. The Abulafias – as with most other Sephardi expellees – settled mostly in the European portions of the Ottoman Empire, largely in what is today Thessaloniki (in modern Greece), and Istanbul in modern northwestern Turkey. This area is"
"is characterized by multiple borrowings, mainly from Turkish; then French, especially terms used for imported inventions such as television, radio, elevator, etc. A 2006 study concluded that Alawites of Adana regions had 33% of Haplogroup R1b, 2% of Haplogroup R1a, 1% of Haplogroup T-M184, which could probably link them to the Hurrians. Another study in 2009 founded that Alawites had 26.7% of Haplogroup J-M267. Alawites The Alawis, also rendered as Alawites ( ""Alawiyyah""/""Alawīyah""), are a sect of Ghulat branch of Shia Islam. primarily centred in Syria. The eponymously-named Alawites revere Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), considered the first Imam of"
"of the common Turkic origin. With the royal patronage of most of the Mughal rulers, the Naqshbandi order caused the revival of Islam in its pure form. Current Sufi orders include Ba 'Alawiyya, Chishti, Khalwati, Naqshbandi, Nimatullahi, Oveyssi, Qadria Noshahia, Qadiria Boutshishia, Qadiriyyah, Qalandariyya, Sarwari Qadiri, Shadhliyya and Suhrawardiyya. Sufism is popular in such African countries as Morocco and Senegal, where it is seen as a mystical expression of Islam. Sufism is traditional in Morocco but has seen a growing revival with the renewal of Sufism around contemporary spiritual teachers such as Sidi Hamza al Qadiri al Boutshishi. Mbacke suggests"
"Safavids, and later integrated with Sunnism. In Turkey, Ja'faris, Alavids, Kaysanites, Qarmatians, Fatimid Ismailis, Nizaris, Qizilbashes ""(also known as Turk Alevileri), ""Nusayris ""(also known as Arab Alevileri)"" and Pamiris are called as Aleviler (Alevis). However Alawism and Alevism are two distinct sects. The topic ""Alevi"" investigated in this article refers to """"Kızılbaş faith""."" Some of the differences that mark Alevis from mainstream Muslims are the use of ""cemevi"" halls rather than mosques; worship ceremonies that feature music and dancing, and where both women and men participate; non-observance of the five daily ""salat"" prayers and prostrations (they only bow twice in"
"person or group would endow a waqf to maintain a lodge (known variously as a ""zawiya"", ""khanqah"", or ""tekke"") to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, including a lodge for Sufi seekers, a hospice with kitchens where these seekers could serve the poor and/or complete a period of initiation, a library, and other structures. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this"