"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (retitled Blade Runner: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in some later printings) is a science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in 1968. The novel is set in a post-apocalyptic San Francisco, where Earth's life has been greatly damaged by nuclear global war. Most animal species are endangered or extinct from extreme radiation poisoning, so that owning an animal is now a sign of status and empathy, an attitude encouraged towards animals. The book served as the primary basis for the 1982 film"
"the planet are people with no prospects off-world. The 1968 novel is the literary source of the film ""Blade Runner"" (1982). It is both a conflation and an intensification of the pivotally Dickian question: What is real, what is fake? What crucial factor defines humanity as distinctly ""alive"", versus those merely alive only in their outward appearance? ""Ubik"" (1969) employs extensive psychic telepathy and a suspended state after death in creating a state of eroding reality. A group of psychics is sent to investigate a rival organisation, but several of them are apparently killed by a saboteur's bomb. Much of"
"non-fiction writing on these themes was published posthumously as ""The Exegesis of Philip K. Dick"" (2011). He died in 1982, at age 53, due to complications from a stroke. Dick's writing produced 44 published novels and approximately 121 short stories, most of which appeared in science fiction magazines during his lifetime. A variety of popular films based on Dick's works have been produced, including ""Blade Runner"" (1982), ""Total Recall"" (adapted twice: in 1990 and in 2012), ""Minority Report"" (2002), ""A Scanner Darkly"" (2006), ""The Adjustment Bureau"" (2011), and ""Blade Runner 2049"" (2017). In 2005, ""Time"" named ""Ubik"" one of the"
"1960s with ""Fahrenheit 451"" and ""The Illustrated Man"". Kurt Vonnegut's ""Slaughterhouse-Five"" was filmed in 1971 and ""Breakfast of Champions"" in 1998. Philip K. Dick's fiction has been used in a number of science fiction films, in part because it evokes the paranoia that has been a central feature of the genre. Films based on Dick's works include ""Blade Runner"" (1982), ""Total Recall"" (1990), ""Impostor"" (2001), ""Minority Report"" (2002), ""Paycheck"" (2003), ""A Scanner Darkly"" (2006), and ""The Adjustment Bureau"" (2011). These films are loose adaptations of the original story, with the exception of ""A Scanner Darkly"", which is close to Dick's"
"as preferable to the earlier working titles ""Android"" and ""Dangerous Days"", for the Dick adaptation. In the film, released as ""Blade Runner"" in 1982, the term is never explained, and the plot has no connection to the Nourse and Burroughs stories, though in both the Dick short story and the film, most healthy people have left for off-world colonies, resulting in a medical underclass remaining on earth. Ridley Scott bought any rights to the title ""Blade Runner"" that might have arisen from either the Nourse novel or the Burroughs treatment. Two more of Dick's short stories, ""Impostor"" and ""The Minority"
"Dick's friend K. W. Jeter. They continue the story of Rick Deckard and attempt to reconcile many of the differences between the novel and the 1982 film. Critical reception of ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" has been overshadowed by the popularity of its 1982 film adaptation, ""Blade Runner"". Of those critics who focus on the novel, several nest it predominantly in the history of Philip K. Dick's body of work. In particular, Dick's 1972 speech ""The Human and the Android"" is cited in this connection. Jill Galvan calls attention to the correspondence between Dick's portrayal of the narrative's dystopian,"
"Others noted that almost all traits claimed to be uniquely cyberpunk could in fact be found in older writers' works—often citing J. G. Ballard, Philip K. Dick, Harlan Ellison, Stanisław Lem, Samuel R. Delany, and even William S. Burroughs. For example, Philip K. Dick's works contain recurring themes of social decay, artificial intelligence, paranoia, and blurred lines between objective and subjective realities. The influential cyberpunk movie ""Blade Runner"" (1982) is based on his book, ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"". Humans linked to machines are found in Pohl and Kornbluth's ""Wolfbane"" (1959) and Roger Zelazny's ""Creatures of Light and Darkness"""
"Blade Runner (a movie) Blade Runner (a movie) is a science fiction novella by Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs, first published in 1979. The novella began as a story treatment for a proposed film adaptation of Alan E. Nourse's novel ""The Bladerunner"". A later edition published in the 1980s changed the formatting of the title to ""Blade Runner, a movie"". Burroughs' treatment is set in the early 21st century and involves mutated viruses and ""a medical-care apocalypse"". The term ""blade runner"" referred to a smuggler of medical supplies, e.g. scalpels. The title was later bought for use in Ridley"
"Rick Deckard Rick Deckard is a fictional character, the protagonist of Philip K. Dick's 1968 novel ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"". Harrison Ford portrayed the character in the 1982 film adaptation, ""Blade Runner"", and reprised his role in the 2017 sequel, ""Blade Runner 2049"". James Purefoy voiced the character in the 2014 BBC Radio 4 adaptation. Rick Deckard is a bounty-hunter who becomes a specialist plainclothes police officer with the San Francisco Police Department in the early 21st century, responsible for killing (euphemistically, ""retiring"") androids that escape from off-world colonies. In the film adaptation, he was/is with the Replicant"
"planet. 1965's ""Dune"" by Frank Herbert featured a much more complex and detailed imagined future society than had been common in science fiction before. In 1968 Philip K. Dick’s best-known novel ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" was published. It is the literary source of the film ""Blade Runner"". 1969’s ""The Left Hand of Darkness"" by Ursula K. Le Guin was set on a planet in which the inhabitants have no fixed gender. It is one of the most influential examples of social science fiction, feminist science fiction, and anthropological science fiction. In 1976 C. J. Cherryh published ""Gate of"
"that contained, to varying degrees, elements of existential or proto-existential thought. The philosophy's influence even reached pulp literature shortly after the turn of the 20th century, as seen in the existential disparity witnessed in Man's lack of control of his fate in the works of H.P. Lovecraft. Since the late 1960s, a great deal of cultural activity in literature contains postmodernist as well as existential elements. Books such as ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" (1968) (now republished as ""Blade Runner"") by Philip K. Dick, ""Slaughterhouse-Five"" by Kurt Vonnegut, ""Fight Club"" by Chuck Palahniuk and ""Formless Meanderings"" by Bharath Srinivasan"
"invariably contrived as technological prostheses that are designed to amplify the physical faculties of the body, they are also built, according to this logic, to outdo, to surpass the human in the sphere of physicality altogether"". Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (retitled Blade Runner: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in some later printings) is a science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in 1968. The novel is set in a post-apocalyptic San Francisco, where Earth's life has been greatly damaged by nuclear global war. Most animal species are"
"Dylan evoked the topic of WWIII thrice in his LP ""The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan"", in ""Masters of War"", ""Talkin' World War III Blues"", and ""A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall"". Philip K. Dick's novel ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" (1968), adapted to film in 1982 as ""Blade Runner"", features as its setting an Earth having been damaged greatly by the radioactive fallout of a nuclear war termed ""World War Terminus"". In 1964 three films about the threat of accidental nuclear war were released, ""Dr. Strangelove"", ""Fail-Safe"", and ""Seven Days in May"". Their negative portrayal of nuclear defence prompted the United"
"was a friend of fellow author Avram Davidson. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1964 novel ""Farnham's Freehold"" to Nourse. Heinlein in part dedicated his 1982 novel ""Friday"" to Nourse's wife Ann. His novel ""The Bladerunner"" lent its name to the ""Blade Runner"" movie, but no other aspects of its plot or characters, which were taken from Philip K. Dick's ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"". In the late 1970s an attempt to adapt ""The Bladerunner"" for the screen was made, with Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs commissioned to write a story treatment; no film was ever developed but the"
"George Alec Effinger's ""When Gravity Fails"". ""Wired"" magazine, created by Louis Rossetto and Jane Metcalfe, mixes new technology, art, literature, and current topics in order to interest today's cyberpunk fans, which Paula Yoo claims ""proves that hardcore hackers, multimedia junkies, cyberpunks and cellular freaks are poised to take over the world."" The film ""Blade Runner"" (1982)—adapted from Philip K. Dick's ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?""—is set in 2019 in a dystopian future in which manufactured beings called replicants are slaves used on space colonies and are legal prey on Earth to various bounty hunters who ""retire"" (kill) them. Although"
"original novels, K. W. Jeter has written three authorized novel sequels to the critically acclaimed 1982 motion picture ""Blade Runner"", which was adapted from Philip K. Dick's novel ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"". K. W. Jeter Kevin Wayne Jeter (born March 26, 1950), known both personally and professionally as K. W. Jeter, is an American science fiction and horror author known for his literary writing style, dark themes, and paranoid, unsympathetic characters. He has written novels set in the ""Star Trek"" and ""Star Wars"" universes, and has written three sequels to ""Blade Runner"". Jeter attended college at California State"
"laid its philosophical foundation. This novel was made into the seminal movie ""Blade Runner"", released in 1982. This was one year after another story, ""Johnny Mnemonic"" helped move proto-cyberpunk concepts into the mainstream. This story, which also became a film years later, involves another dystopian future, where human couriers deliver computer data, stored cybernetically in their own minds. In 1983 a short story written by Bruce Bethke, called ""Cyberpunk"", was published in ""Amazing Stories"". The term was picked up by Gardner Dozois, editor of ""Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine"" and popularized in his editorials. Bethke says he made two lists"
"Iran quickly discovers it is just a robot. While Deckard is unhappy, he decides that he at least prefers to know the truth, making the remark that ""the electrical things have their lives too, paltry as those lives are"". In 1982, Hampton Fancher and David Peoples wrote a loose cinematic adaptation that became the film ""Blade Runner"", featuring several of the novel's characters. It was directed by Ridley Scott. Following the international success of the film, the title ""Blade Runner"" was adopted for some later editions of the novel, although the term itself was not used in the original. As"
"VALIS trilogy (""VALIS"", ""The Divine Invasion"", and ""The Transmigration of Timothy Archer""). At least nine films have been adapted from Dick's work, with ""Blade Runner"" (1982) widely considered a ""masterpiece"". Five recurring philosophical themes in Dick's work have been classified by Philip K. Dick scholar Erik Davis: false realities, human vs. machine, entropy, the nature of God, and social control. In ""Understanding Philip K. Dick"", Eric Carl Link discussed eight themes or 'ideas and motifs': Epistemology and the Nature of Reality, Know Thyself, The Android and the Human, Entropy and Pot Healing, The Theodicy Problem, Warfare and Power Politics, The"
"immediately. It was my own interior world. They caught it perfectly."" He also approved of the film's script, saying, ""After I finished reading the screenplay, I got the novel out and looked through it. The two reinforce each other, so that someone who started with the novel would enjoy the movie and someone who started with the movie would enjoy the novel."" The motion picture was dedicated to Dick. Principal photography of ""Blade Runner"" began on March 9, 1981, and ended four months later. In 1992, Ford revealed, """"Blade Runner"" is not one of my favorite films. I tangled with"
"games, anime, and television series. It brought the work of Philip K. Dick to the attention of Hollywood, and several later big-budget films were based on his work. In the year after its release, ""Blade Runner"" won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, and in 1993 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". A sequel, ""Blade Runner 2049"", was released in October 2017. Seven versions of ""Blade Runner"" exist as a result of controversial changes made at the request of studio executives. A"
"1990 film ""Total Recall"", loosely based on Philip K. Dick's short story ""We Can Remember It for You Wholesale"", but it has been noted as sharing no major plot points or characters with it, other than the Rekall company and the concept of virtual vacations. Instead, a much larger influence in its plot elements and especially visual style has been recognized to be the 1982 film ""Blade Runner"", itself a loose adaptation of Dick's novel ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"". Series creator Art Monterastelli has admitted the stronger influence of ""Blade Runner"" over ""Total Recall"", and explained, he thought"
"K. W. Jeter Kevin Wayne Jeter (born March 26, 1950), known both personally and professionally as K. W. Jeter, is an American science fiction and horror author known for his literary writing style, dark themes, and paranoid, unsympathetic characters. He has written novels set in the ""Star Trek"" and ""Star Wars"" universes, and has written three sequels to ""Blade Runner"". Jeter attended college at California State University, Fullerton where he became friends with James P. Blaylock and Tim Powers, and through them, Philip K. Dick. Jeter was actually the inspiration for ""Kevin"" in Dick's semi-autobiographical novel, ""Valis"". Many of Jeter's"
"""Titanic"" and was, with Scorsese, the co-screenwriter of ""Silence"". Cocks and Scorsese approached author Philip K. Dick in 1969 for an adaptation of his 1968 novel ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" Though the duo never optioned the book, it was later developed into the movie ""Blade Runner"" by screenwriter Hampton Fancher and director Ridley Scott. Jay Cocks John C. ""Jay"" Cocks, Jr. (born January 12, 1944) is an American film critic and screenwriter. He is a graduate of Kenyon College. He was a critic for ""Time"", ""Newsweek"", and ""Rolling Stone"", among other magazines, before shifting to screenplay writing. He"
"Powers and Blaylock invented the poet William Ashbless while they were at Cal State Fullerton. Another friend Powers first met during this period was noted science fiction writer Philip K. Dick; the character named ""David"" in Dick's novel ""VALIS"" is based on Powers. When ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" was retitled ""Blade Runner"" to tie-in with the movie based on the novel, Dick dedicated it to Tim and Serena Powers. Powers' first major novel was ""The Drawing of the Dark"" (1979), but the novel that earned him wide praise was ""The Anubis Gates"", which won the Philip K. Dick"
"his mind off his older brother's recent death. He joined the project on February 21, 1980, and managed to push up the promised Filmways financing from US$13 million to $15 million. Fancher's script focused more on environmental issues and less on issues of humanity and religion, which are prominent in the novel and Scott wanted changes. Fancher found a cinema treatment by William S. Burroughs for Alan E. Nourse's novel ""The Bladerunner"" (1974), titled ""Blade Runner (a movie)"". Scott liked the name, so Deeley obtained the rights to the titles. Eventually he hired David Peoples to rewrite the script and"
"assigned the film a weighted average score of 89 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating ""universal acclaim"". Denis Villeneuve, who directed the sequel, ""Blade Runner 2049"", cites the film as a huge influence for him and many others. ""Blade Runner"" won or received nominations for the following awards: Several versions of ""Blade Runner"" have been shown. The original workprint version (1982, 113 minutes) was shown for audience test previews in Denver and Dallas in March 1982. Negative responses to the previews led to the modifications resulting in the U.S. theatrical version. The workprint was shown as a director's"
"earlier science fiction. Released in 1984, William Gibson's influential debut novel ""Neuromancer"" would help solidify cyberpunk as a genre, drawing influence from punk subculture and early hacker culture. Other influential cyberpunk writers included Bruce Sterling and Rudy Rucker. The Japanese cyberpunk subgenre began in 1982 with the debut of Katsuhiro Otomo's manga series ""Akira"", with its 1988 anime film adaptation later popularizing the subgenre. Early films in the genre include Ridley Scott's 1982 film ""Blade Runner"", one of several of Philip K. Dick's works that have been adapted into films. The films ""Johnny Mnemonic"" and ""New Rose Hotel"", both based"
"Burroughs for Alan E. Nourse's novel ""The Bladerunner"" (1974), titled ""Blade Runner (a movie)"". Scott liked the name, so Deeley obtained the rights to the titles. Eventually he hired David Peoples to rewrite the script and Fancher left the job over the issue on December 21, 1980, although he later returned to contribute additional rewrites. Having invested over $2.5 million in pre-production, as the date of commencement of principal photography neared, Filmways withdrew financial backing. In ten days Deeley had secured $21.5 million in financing through a three-way deal between The Ladd Company (through Warner Bros.), the Hong Kong-based producer"
"descends into a depression over the state of humanity, and is able to find the empathy necessary to care for an electric toad at the end of the novel. Harrison Ford portrayed Deckard in the 1982 film. In the film, the bounty-hunters are replaced by special police personnel called ""Blade Runners"", and the androids are called ""replicants"", terms not used in the original novel. The novel depicts Deckard as an obsequious and officious underling who is human and has a wife, but because of the many versions of the film and because of script, the backstory of the movie version"
"""Blade Runner"", and many elements and themes from it were used in its 2017 sequel ""Blade Runner 2049"". The main plot follows Rick Deckard, a bounty hunter who is tasked with ""retiring"" (i.e. killing) six escaped Nexus-6 model androids, while a secondary plot follows John Isidore, a man of sub-par IQ who aids the fugitive androids. In connection with Deckard's mission, the novel explores the issue of what it is to be human and whether empathy is a purely human ability. In post-apocalyptic 1992 (2021 in later editions), after ""World War Terminus"", the Earth's radioactively polluted atmosphere leads the United"
"Rücker Eddison's ""The Worm Ouroboros"", Stephen Crane's """", Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer novels and an anthropomorphic depiction of Sherlock Holmes. He turned down offers to direct Ray Bradbury's ""Something Wicked This Way Comes"" and Philip K. Dick's ""Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"" He passed the latter to Ridley Scott, who adapted it into the 1982 film ""Blade Runner"". During this period, Bakshi reread J. D. Salinger's ""The Catcher in the Rye"", which he had first read in high school, and saw parallels between his situation and that of the book's protagonist, Holden Caulfield. Inspired to seek the film rights,"
"a film crew filming the story of his days as a blade runner. He finds himself drawn into a mission on behalf of the replicants he was once assigned to kill. Meanwhile, the mystery surrounding the beginnings of the Tyrell Corporation is being dragged out into the light. ""Blade Runner 4: Eye and Talon"", also known as ""Blade Runner 4: Beyond Orion"", is the third novel written by K. W. Jeter that continues the storyline started in the 1982 ""Blade Runner"" film. The novel was published in 2000. The story takes place concurrently with the events of ""Blade Runner 3:"