"of body language is that of spatial relationships, which is also known as Proxemics. Introduced by Edward T. Hall in 1966, proxemics is the study of measurable distances between people as they interact with one another. In the book, ""Body Language"", Julius Fast mentioned that the signals that we send or receive to others through body language are reactions to others’ invasions of our personal territories, which links Proxemics an important part of Body Language. Hall also came up with four distinct zones in which most men operate: Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering Personal distance for interactions among"
"way the body moves—shaped innovations such as body psychotherapy, Gestalt therapy, bioenergetic analysis and primal therapy. His writing influenced generations of intellectuals; he coined the phrase ""the sexual revolution"" and according to one historian acted as its midwife. During the 1968 student uprisings in Paris and Berlin, students scrawled his name on walls and threw copies of ""The Mass Psychology of Fascism"" at police. After graduating in medicine from the University of Vienna in 1922, Reich became deputy director of Freud's outpatient clinic, the Vienna Ambulatorium. Described by Elizabeth Danto as a large man with a cantankerous style who managed"
"Shirley Weitz's ""Nonverbal Communication"" and Marianne LaFrance and Clara Mayo's ""Moving Bodies"". Popular books included ""Body Language"" (Fast, 1970), which focused on how to use nonverbal communication to attract other people, and ""How to Read a Person Like a Book"" (Nierenberg & Calero, 1971) which examined nonverbal behavior in negotiation situations. The journal ""Environmental Psychology and Nonverbal Behavior"" was founded in 1976. The pioneer F-M Facial Action Coding System 2.0 (F-M FACS 2.0) was created in 2017 by Dr. Freitas-Magalhães, and presents about 2,000 segments in 4K, using 3D technology and automatic and real-time recognition. In 1970, Argyle hypothesized that"
"movement of any part of the body or the body as a whole; in layman's terms, it is the study of body language. However, Ray Birdwhistell, who is considered the founder of this area of study, never used the term ""body language"", and did not consider it appropriate. He argued that what can be conveyed with the body does not meet the linguist's definition of language. Birdwhistell pointed out that ""human gestures differ from those of other animals in that they are polysemic, that they can be interpreted to have many different meanings depending on the communicative context in which"
"Homosexual Behaviour: Therapy and Assessment Homosexual Behaviour: Therapy and Assessment is a 1971 book about the treatment of homosexuality by the psychologist M. P. Feldman and the psychiatrist M. J. MacCulloch. The work was positively reviewed. Feldman, a psychologist, and MacCulloch, a psychiatrist, discuss the use of a learning technique to treat homosexual behaviour. They also provide what they describe as a ""frankly speculative"" attempt to combine different evidence to produce an account of ""the development and maintenance of homosexual behaviour"" as well as the motivations for and responses to treatment. ""Homosexual Behaviour: Therapy and Assessment"" was published by Pergamon"
"Press in 1971. ""Homosexual Behaviour: Therapy and Assessment"" received a positive review from John Johnson in the ""British Journal of Psychiatry"". Johnson wrote that behavior therapy for the treatment of ""sexual deviation"" had a record of success, and described ""Homosexual Behaviour: Therapy and Assessment"" as ""a work of considerable value and practical application."" He credited Feldman and MacCulloch with presenting a good discussion of the development of their technique, but noted that a high proportion of their patients had requested treatment following court referral, and argued that their success rates may have been affected by the desire of this sample"
"in 1965. Also in the mid-1960s, he began collaborating with endocronologist Harry Benjamin, who cited Pauly's work in ""The Transsexual Phenomenon"". The two later worked to popularize their research in the lay press. In 1975, Pauly and University of Oregon medical student Thomas W. Lindgren introduced the Body Image Scale, with which subjects rate feelings about 30 body parts from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (very dissatisfied). His 1981 follow-up report on outcome data was later published with independent reviews by Bengt Lundström and Jan Wålinder in 1984. Pauly served as president of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association,"
"in 1958. In 1965, Maia Lisina combined classical and operant conditioning to train subjects to change blood vessel diameter, eliciting and displaying reflexive blood flow changes to teach subjects how to voluntarily control the temperature of their skin. In 1974, H.D. Kimmel trained subjects to sweat using the galvanic skin response. Hinduism: Biofeedback systems have been known in India and some other countries for millennia. Ancient Hindu practices like yoga and Pranayama (breathing techniques) are essentially biofeedback methods. Many yogis and sadhus have been known to exercise control over their physiological processes. In addition to recent research on Yoga, Paul"
"his book ""Sex and Gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity"" (1968). He is also credited with introducing the term ""gender identity"" to the International Psychoanalytic Congress in Stockholm, Sweden in 1963. Behavioral psychologist John Money was also instrumental in the development of early theories of gender identity. His work at Johns Hopkins Medical School's Gender Identity Clinic (established in 1965) popularized an interactionist theory of gender identity, suggesting that, up to a certain age, gender identity is relatively fluid and subject to constant negotiation. His book ""Man and Woman, Boy and Girl"" (1972) became widely used as a"
"and sexuality. He conducted and published many interviews with such leading figures in the discourse as Judd Marmor, Richard Pillard, Thomas Szasz, John Money, Charles Silverstein, Masters and Johnson, Richard Green, Mary Calderone, John Boswell, John D'Emilio and Estelle Freedman, and Martin Duberman. A selection of these interviews is republished in his two ""Dialogues of the Sexual Revolution"" collections. As a physician writing for the gay press, Mass also was one of the first to address the 1970s spread of a number of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis B and amebiasis. In May 1981, Mass authored the first"
"in twelve languages. One of his most beloved quotations is from his book Focusing: ""When I use the word 'body,' I mean more than the physical machine. Not only do you physically live the circumstances around you but also those you only think of in your mind. Your physically felt body is in fact part of a gigantic system of here and other places, now and other times, you and other people–in fact, the whole universe. This sense of being bodily alive in a vast system is the body as it is felt from inside."" In 1970, Gendlin was the"
"Kinesics Kinesics is the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures, nonverbal behavior related to movement of any part of the body or the body as a whole. The equivalent popular culture term is body language, a term Ray Birdwhistell, considered the founder of this area of study, neither used nor liked (on the grounds that what can be conveyed with the body does not meet the linguist's definition of language). Kinesics was first used in 1952 by an anthropologist named Ray Birdwhistell. Birdwhistell wished to study how people communicate through posture, gesture, stance and movement."
"a Roman Rhetorician who studied in his Institution Oratoria on how gesture can be used on rhetorical discourses. One of his greatest works and foundation for communication was the ""Institutio Oratoria"" where he explains his observations and nature of different oratories. A study done in 1644, by John Bulwer an English physician and early Baconian natural philosopher wrote five works exploring human communications pertaining to gestures. Bulwer analyzed dozens of gestures and a provided a guide under his book named Chirologia which focused on hand gestures. In the 19th century, Andrea De Jorio an Italian antiquarian who was a considered"
"Studies in the Psychology of Sex Vol. 7 Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Volume 7 is a book published in 1928 by the English physician and writer Havelock Ellis (1859-1939). Ellis was an expert of human sexuality but was impotent until the age of 60 and married to an open lesbian for much of his life. He later discovered that he could get aroused by the sight of a woman urinating. Terming this sexual deviation undinism, it is one of several topics covered in the seventh and final volume of his studies in the psychology of sex. Ellis began"
"1971 on gestures and laughter, martial arts, sport and dance to analyze changes of society and differences between European and non-European cultures (Nitschke 1975, 1981, 1987, 1989, 2009; Henning Eichberg 1978). These approaches met with tendencies of the late 1970s and 1980s, when humanities and sociology developed a new and broader interest in the body. Sociologists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists, scholars from sport studies and from medical studies met in talking about ""the return of the body"" or its ""reappearance"" (Kamper/ Wulf 1982). The new interest towards the body was soon followed up by the term ""body culture"" itself. The"
"the significance of the body, especially Norbert Elias, the Frankfurt School, and some phenomenologists. Later, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu and the Stuttgart Historical Behaviour Studies delivered important inspirations for the new body culture studies. The sociologist Norbert Elias (1939) wrote the first sociology, which placed the body and bodily practice in its centre, describing the change of table manners, shame and violence from the Middle Ages to Early Modern court society as a process of civilisation. Later, Elias (1989) studied the culture of duel in Wilhelminian Prussia, throwing light on particular traits of the German sonderweg. Elias' figurational sociology of"
"to transform ""Cosmopolitan"" magazine into a life manual for young career women.) In 1969 Joan Garrity, identifying herself only as ""J."", published ""The Way to Become the Sensuous Woman"", with information on exercises to improve the dexterity of one's tongue and how to have anal sex. The same year saw the appearance of Dr. David Reuben's book ""Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)"". Despite the dignity of Reuben's medical credentials, this book was light-hearted in tone. In 1970 the Boston Women's Health Collective published ""Women and Their Bodies"" (which became far better known"
"His book ""Körperstellung"" (""Posture"")., a study of functional neurology, is his best known work. In 1901, while in Germany, Magnus discovered the diuretic effect of the excretions of the pituitary gland. From 1908, Rudolf Magnus worked on the physiology of posture and muscle tension. Although he was a pharmacologist, this research made him world famous. His most famous book, ""Körperstellung"", was published in Berlin in 1924, and translated into English in 1987. In this book Magnus describes the reflexes involved in mammal posture. The Magnus & De Kleijn reflexes are named after Magnus and his colleague Adriaan de Kleijn (1883–1949)."
"Body psychotherapy Body psychotherapy, also called body-oriented psychotherapy, is an approach to psychotherapy which applies basic principles of somatic psychology. It originated in the work of Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud and particularly Wilhelm Reich who developed it as vegetotherapy. Wilhelm Reich and the post-Reichians are considered the central element of body psychotherapy. From the 1930s Reich became known for the idea that muscular tension reflected repressed emotions, what he called 'body armour', and developed a way to use pressure to produce emotional release in his clients. Reich was expelled from the psychoanalytic mainstream and his work found a home in"
"types of action, such as music making, language, scientific thinking, basketball, and walking. The phenomenon of human sensitivity to biological motion was first documented by Swedish perceptual psychologist, Gunnar Johansson, in 1973. He is best known for his experiments that uses point light display (PLD) stimulus. With PLD, Gunnar cleverly showed only the motion of the body through attachment of white dots, through light bulbs attached to body parts and joints. He then recorded actors performing various actions in the dark, removing the visual information of the body by only showing the motion of white dots against a black background."
"Sexing the Body Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality is a 2000 book by the biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling, in which the author explores the social construction of gender, and the social and medical treatment of intersex people. She stated that in it she sets out to ""convince readers of the need for theories that allow for a good deal of human variation and that integrate the analytical powers of the biological and the social into the systematic analysis of human development."" Fausto-Sterling mentions the most common types of intersex, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen insensitivity syndrome"
"Psychopathia Sexualis (book) Psychopathia Sexualis (""Psychopathy of Sex""), by Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, is one of the first texts about sexual pathology. First published in 1886 in German with the subtitle ""with Special Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct: A Medico-Forensic Study"", the book details a wide range of paraphilias, with a special emphasis on male homosexuality (the ""antipathic instinct"" of the subtitle). Krafft-Ebing also coined the terms sadism and masochism in the book. The ""Psychopathia Sexualis"" is notable for being one of the earliest works on homosexuality. Krafft-Ebing combined Karl Ulrichs' Urning theory with Bénédict Morel's theory of disease"
"neurolinguist Eric Lenneberg later identified in his book Biological Foundations of Language (1967) what he termed the critical period in language development. Thibaut’s childhood observations eventually led him to bring immersive, emotionally stimulating, context-rich, language classes founding his Cercle Franco Americain (later Language Workshop for Children) classes in New York, NY in the early 1970s. Thus, the Thibaut Technique was introduced into American culture. This approach has often been attributed to baby language enrichment products first introduced for VCR’s in the mid-1990s. While many of these brands have had more national exposure, Thibaut’s technique was in existence for more than"
"""homosexual"" in print is found in an 1869 German pamphlet by the Austrian-born novelist Karl-Maria Kertbeny, published anonymously, arguing against a Prussian anti-sodomy law. In 1886, the psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing used the terms ""homosexual"" and ""heterosexual"" in his book ""Psychopathia Sexualis"". Krafft-Ebing's book was so popular among both laymen and doctors that the terms ""heterosexual"" and ""homosexual"" became the most widely accepted terms for sexual orientation. As such, the current use of the term has its roots in the broader 19th-century tradition of personality taxonomy. Many modern style guides in the U.S. recommend against using ""homosexual"" as a noun,"
"to physician James R. Allen, is a ""cognitive behavioral approach to treatment and that it is a very effective way of dealing with internal models of self and others as well as other psychodynamic issues."" The theory was popularized in the 1964 book ""Games People Play"", a book that sold five million copies.. Early researchers in France set the scene for the psychodynamic approach. Jean-Martin Charcot, for example, lectured on Mesmerism or Hypnosis, ideas that Sigmund Freud, who attended his lectures, would later take up. William James was an early user of the term 'subconscious mind'. His student Boris Sidis"
"over 100 million. Allan Pease Allan Pease is an Australian body language expert and author or co-author of fifteen books. Allan Pease the most successful relationship authors in the business. They have written 18 bestsellers – including 10 number ones – and given seminars in 70 countries. Their books are bestsellers in over 100 countries, are translated into 55 languages and have sold over 27 million copies. They appear regularly in the media worldwide and their work has been the subject of 11 television series, 4 stage plays, a number one box office movie and TV series, which attracted a"
"first ethnographers to venture into the field, producing the first scholarly investigation of Neapolitan hand gestures; it remains the source literature for more recent treatments of the topic, both scholarly and popular. The volume has been reprinted three times photostatically in Italian in recent years—1964, 1979, and 2002—and recently (2000) in a scholarly and annotated English translation by Adam Kendon as ""Andrea de Jorio: Gesture in Naples and Gesture in Classical Antiquity"" (Indiana University Press, 2000). Andrea De Jorio Andrea De Jorio (1769–1851) was an Italian antiquarian who is remembered today among ethnographers as the first ethnographer of body language,"
"Physical Attraction"" (2007), ""The Body Beautiful"" (2007), ""Personality and Intelligence at Work"" (2008), ""Management Intelligence"" (2008), ""Dim Sum Management"" (2008), ""The Economic Socialisation of Children"" (2008), ""50 Psychology Ideas you really need to know"" (2009), ""The Elephant in the Boardroom: The Psychology of Leadership Derailment"" (2009), ""People Management in Turbulent Times"" (2009), ""The Psychology of Personnel Selection"" (2010), ""Body Language in Business"" (2010), ""Bad Apples"" (2011), ""Managing People in a Downturn"" (2011), ""The Talented Manager: 67 Gems of Business Wisdom"" (2012), ""The Engaging Manager: The Joy of Managing and Being Managed"" (2012), ""The Anatomy of Adolescence: Young People's Social Attitude"
"Body language Body language is a type of nonverbal communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to words, are used to express or convey information. Such behavior includes facial expressions, body posture, gestures, eye movement, touch and the use of space. Body language exists in both animals and humans, but this article focuses on interpretations of human body language. It is also known as kinesics. Body language must not be confused with sign language, as sign languages are full languages like spoken languages and have their own complex grammar systems, as well as being able to exhibit the fundamental properties"
"body for experimentation on muscular irritability, recently discovered by Luigi Galvani and published his results, ""Versuche über die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser"" (Berlin, 1797) (""Experiments on Stimulated Muscle and Nerve Fibres""), enriched in the French translation with notes by Blumenbach. With the financial resources to finance his scientific travels, he sought a ship on a major expedition. Meantime, he went to Paris where his brother Wilhelm was now living. Paris was a great center of scientific learning and his brother and sister-in-law Caroline were well connected in those circles. Louis-Antoine de Bougainville urged Humboldt to accompany him on a major"
"women were capable of being multiorgasmic), dispelled many long-standing misconceptions. They jointly wrote two classic texts in the field, ""Human Sexual Response"" and ""Human Sexual Inadequacy"", published in 1966 and 1970, respectively. Both of these books were best-sellers and were translated into more than thirty languages. The team has been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Additionally, they are the focus of a television series called ""Masters of Sex"" for Showtime based on the 2009 biography by author Thomas Maier. Masters and Johnson met in 1957 when William Masters hired Virginia Johnson as a research assistant to undertake"
"Ancient Greek πάθος (""pathos"") and φυσιολογία (""phusiologia""). In Germany in the 1830s, Johannes Müller led the establishment of physiology research autonomous from medical research. In 1843, the Berlin Physical Society was founded in part to purge biology and medicine of vitalism, and in 1847 Hermann von Helmholtz, who joined the Society in 1845, published the paper ""On the conservation of energy"", highly influential to reduce physiology's research foundation to physical sciences. In the late 1850s, German anatomical pathologist Rudolf Virchow, a former student of Müller, directed focus to the cell, establishing cytology as the focus of physiological research, while Julius"
"and ""Sixty-Nine"" were not published until 1969. Oragenitalism Oragenitalism is a book by the American folklorist Gershon Legman, published by the Julian Press in 1969. The book describes various types of oral sex. The book is intended as ""instruction manual, conduct guide, and household advice book"". The author claimed that it was the earliest book of its kind on the subject, and for a long time the only one. Its contents are divided into four sections: ""Cunnilinctus"" written under the pen-name Roger-Maxe de la Glannege (an anagram of his real name) and published by Jacob Brussel of New York in"