"Bonobo The bonobo (; ""Pan paniscus""), also called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often, the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee, is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus ""Pan""; the other is ""Pan troglodytes"", or the common chimpanzee. Although the name ""chimpanzee"" is sometimes used to refer to both species together, it is usually understood as referring to the common chimpanzee, whereas ""Pan paniscus"" is usually referred to as the bonobo. The bonobo is distinguished by relatively long legs, pink lips, dark face and tail-tuft through adulthood, and parted long hair on its head."
"less aggressive and more playful. Other species pairs show similar differences. Bonobos, like chimpanzees, are a close genetic cousin to humans, but unlike the chimpanzees, bonobos are not aggressive and do not participate in lethal inter-group aggression or kill within their own group. The most distinctive features of a bonobo are its cranium, which is 15% smaller than a chimpanzee's, and its less aggressive and more playful behavior. In other examples, the guinea pig's cranium is 13% smaller than its wild cousin the cavy, and domestic fowl show a similar reduction to their wild cousins. Possession of a smaller cranium"
"the sooty mangabey, monkeys in Guinea-Bissau. Central chimpanzee The central chimpanzee or tschego (""Pan troglodytes troglodytes"") is a subspecies of the common chimpanzee (one of the closest living relatives to humans, along with the bonobo). It occurs mainly in Gabon, Cameroon, and the Republic of the Congo, but also, to a lesser extent, in other regions. ""Pan"" is derived from the Greek god of fields, groves, and wooded glens, Pan. ""Troglodytes"" is Greek for 'cave-dweller', and was coined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in his ""Handbuch der Naturgeschichte"" (""Handbook of Natural History"") published in 1779. The central chimpanzee occurs in Central"
"the University of Kinshasa. Since 2002, the Lola ya Bonobo sanctuary, founded by Claudine André, has been located just south of Kimwenza at the Petites Chutes de la Lukaya. Bonobos are an endangered species which only exist in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the wild. They are the great ape most closely related to humans, and even more intelligent than chimpanzees. Lola ya Bonobo means 'paradise for bonobos' in Lingala, the main language of Kinshasa. In 2012, Lola ya Bonobo was home to 60 bonobos who live in 30 hectares of primary forest. Typically, bonobos arrive as young infants."
"being mostly offered to kin, then friends, then acquaintances (these categories having been determined using affiliation rates between individuals). Hence, consolation in the bonobo may be an empathy-based phenomenon. Instances in which non-human primates have expressed joy have been reported. One study analyzed and recorded sounds made by human infants and bonobos when they were tickled. Although the bonobos' laugh was at a higher frequency, the laugh was found to follow a spectrographic pattern similar to that of human babies. Bonobos are found only south of the Congo River and north of the Kasai River (a tributary of the Congo),"
"associations which these monkeys frequently form. Wolf's mona monkey is known to associate with several guenon and non-guenon species such as the black crested mangabey, the red-tailed monkey, the Angola colobus, Allen's swamp monkey, and the bonobo. No viable offspring or interspecific mating occurs during its associations with other primates. In one study, Wolf's mona monkeys were found associating with Bonobos within 20 metres for an average time of 20 minutes (although sometimes for over an hour). These interactions were mainly initiated by, and departed by, the guenons; this indicates that the guenons most benefited from these associations. Although the"
"specific study of the origin and life of humans is anthropology, particularly paleoanthropology which focuses on the study of human prehistory. The closest living relatives of humans are bonobos and chimpanzees (both genus ""Pan"") and gorillas (genus ""Gorilla""). With the sequencing of both the human and chimpanzee genome, estimates of the similarity between their DNA sequences range between 95% and 99%. By using the technique called the molecular clock which estimates the time required for the number of divergent mutations to accumulate between two lineages, the approximate date for the split between lineages can be calculated. The gibbons (family Hylobatidae)"
"Central chimpanzee The central chimpanzee or tschego (""Pan troglodytes troglodytes"") is a subspecies of the common chimpanzee (one of the closest living relatives to humans, along with the bonobo). It occurs mainly in Gabon, Cameroon, and the Republic of the Congo, but also, to a lesser extent, in other regions. ""Pan"" is derived from the Greek god of fields, groves, and wooded glens, Pan. ""Troglodytes"" is Greek for 'cave-dweller', and was coined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in his ""Handbuch der Naturgeschichte"" (""Handbook of Natural History"") published in 1779. The central chimpanzee occurs in Central Africa, mainly in Gabon, Cameroon, and"
"housed in an aviary. The highlight of the region is the primate area featuring three generations of western lowland gorillas, the progeny of Colo, the first gorilla to be born in captivity in the world. The Columbus Zoo has a rapidly expanding group of bonobos, also known as pygmy chimpanzees. Bonobos are the closest living relative to humans and are only found at eight U.S. zoos and less than 20 worldwide zoos outside their native Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they are critically endangered. On May 18, 2012, one of the zoo's gorillas, Mumbah, died of heart failure at"
"owl and squirrel monkeys are not cooperative outside kin and do not show inequity aversion. Some researchers have questioned the ecological validity of the results of inequity aversion experiments, including their own. For many species cooperation typically occurs outside of the food domain. But all experiments testing for inequity aversion are with food. Bonobos (""Pan paniscus"") are social animals that live in less hierarchical structures than chimpanzees. Researchers Bräuer, Call, and Tomasello tested bonobos, together with other great apes, twice and twice failed to find evidence of inequity aversion. In the first study the apes were simply given food. Three"
"Hippopotamus The common hippopotamus (""Hippopotamus amphibius""), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (""Choeropsis liberiensis"" or ""Hexaprotodon liberiensis""). The name comes from the ancient Greek for ""river horse"" (). After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl. Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc.) from which they diverged"
"common chimpanzee is known to hunt sympatric primates, this is not the case with the Bonobo. No aggressive interactions occurred during the study period. The red-tailed monkey (""C. ascanius"") was also found to associate with Bonobos, and on five occasions the association was initiated by a mixed group of guenons (""C. ascanius"" and ""C. wolfi""). When a mixed group was involved in the association, it always lasted for over an hour. Interactions occurred once every seven hours. Associations mainly occurred while the bonobos were feeding or resting. Wolf's mona monkey was found to feed in the trees while the bonobo"
"closest living relatives are bears and musteloids (weasels, raccoons, skunks, and red pandas), having diverged about 50 million years ago. Seals range in size from the and Baikal seal to the and southern elephant seal, which is also the largest member of the order Carnivora. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism. They have streamlined bodies and four limbs that are modified into flippers. Though not as fast in the water as dolphins, seals are more flexible and agile. Otariids use their front limbs primarily to propel themselves through the water, while phocids and walruses use their hind limbs. Otariids and walruses"
"in the Lomami-Lualaba watersheds are the eastern range limit of Congo’s endemic great ape, the bonobo (""Pan Paniscus""). Bonobos are found throughout most of TL2, though occurrence is patchy and bonobos are uncommon in some areas where they are present. The largest concentrations of bonobos are found in the south of the landscape, toward the forest-savanna ecotone. Bonobos were recorded in only a few scattered locations in surveys outside the area defined as the TL2 Conservation Landscape, and the evidence suggests populations are small and scattered. Based on interviews with hunters and villagers, bonobos have disappeared from some of these"
"in the west. It is home to several nationally endemic species including Bonobo, Okapi, Congo peafowl, and a newly discovered primate species called Lesula, as well as the rare Dryas monkey known locally as ""Inoko"". An important population of African forest elephant is still protected in the northern part of the park. The southeastern range of the bonobo (a Congolese endemic great ape found only on the left bank of the Congo River) was unstudied until 2007. On satellite images the probable area appeared as nearly 40,000 km of unexplored rainforest showing no roads, human habitation, or agricultural clearings. Working"
"more probably, the goose-like Coscoroba swan is the closest living relative of the true geese. Fossils of true geese are hard to assign to genus; all that can be said is that their fossil record, particularly in North America, is dense and comprehensively documents many different species of true geese that have been around since about 10 million years ago in the Miocene. The aptly named ""Anser atavus"" (meaning ""progenitor goose"") from some 12 million years ago had even more plesiomorphies in common with swans. In addition, some goose-like birds are known from subfossil remains found on the Hawaiian Islands."
"Nyota (bonobo) Nyota (pronounced ""en-Yo-ta""; born 1998), also known by the lexigram , is a bonobo. Nyota was born at the Language Research Center at Georgia State University. His mother was Panbanisha and his father was P-suke. With Panbanisha's death on November 6, 2012, Nyota became the sole surviving member of his immediate family. Nyota's name means ""Star"" in Lingala, a language from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa. Nyota was reared by Panbanisha and Kanzi with primatologists Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and William M. Fields. As a precocious youngster in 2004, Nyota is instrumental to researchers investigating the cross-generational effects of"
"Evolutionary origin of religions The emergence of religious behavior by the Neolithic period has been discussed in terms of evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion, as well as evidence for spirituality or cultic behavior in the Upper Paleolithic, and similarities in great ape behavior. Humanity's closest living relatives are common chimpanzees and bonobos. These primates share a common ancestor with humans who lived between six and eight million years ago. It is for this reason that chimpanzees and bonobos are viewed as the best available surrogate for this common ancestor. Barbara"
"relatives are not the other apes with which it is classed, but the human (see Homininae). In fact, the chimpanzee-human difference is smaller than some within-species distances: e.g. even closely related birds such as the red-eyed and white-eyed vireos differ by 2.9%. Going by genetic differences, humans should be treated as a third species of chimpanzee (after the common chimpanzee and the bonobo). Or possibly the chimpanzee's scientific name should be ""Homo troglodytes"" instead of ""Pan troglodytes"". Diamond observes in his book that this would provide food for thought to people passing this side of the bars of a cage"
"are humans' closest relative, but they are unable to produce speech. Chimpanzees are the closest living species to humans. Chimpanzees are closer to humans, in genetic and evolutionary terms, than they are to gorillas or other apes. The fact that a chimpanzee will not acquire speech, even when raised in a human home with all the environmental input of a normal human child, is one of the central puzzles we face when contemplating the biology of our species. In repeated experiments, starting in the 1910s, chimpanzees raised in close contact with humans have universally failed to speak, or even to"
"language and culture in a second-generation bonobo reared in a bi-cultural environment. On Monday, April 25, 2005 he, his brother Nathan (died May 15, 2009) and mother Panbanisha (died November 6, 2012) moved to the Great Ape Trust in Iowa. His father, P-suke (died July 7, 2006 in Iowa), uncle Kanzi, grandmother Matata, and other relatives were also moved to the Trust. Nyota (bonobo) Nyota (pronounced ""en-Yo-ta""; born 1998), also known by the lexigram , is a bonobo. Nyota was born at the Language Research Center at Georgia State University. His mother was Panbanisha and his father was P-suke. With"
"The genetic evidence was interpreted as suggesting the Southeast Asian Nicobar pigeon (""Caloenas nicobarica"") to be their closest living relative among 35 analyzed species of pigeons and doves, followed by the crowned pigeons (genus ""Goura"") of New Guinea and the superficially dodo-like tooth-billed pigeon from Samoa. The genus of the latter is ""Didunculus"" (""little dodo""), and it was called ""dodlet"" by Richard Owen. The following cladogram, from Shapiro and colleagues (2002), shows the position of the dodo and solitaire within the pigeon and dove family. A similar cladogram was published in 2007, inverting the placement of ""Goura"" and ""Didunculus"" and"
"bonobo born in 2005) live in this indoor/outdoor hybrid exhibit across from the ""China"" exhibit. The bonobo is endangered and is found in the wild only in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This exhibit reverses the daily cycle of nocturnal animals, giving visitors the chance to see night-dwellers at their most active. The exhibit is developed around a central bat flyway which enables visitors to get a close-up view of the bats in flight or feeding. Also exhibited are a wide range of other species—from aardvark to wombat. This exhibit was specifically built for the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard"
"that can be represented as a phylogenetic tree. A 2005 genetic study of the canids found that the gray wolf and dog are the most closely related on this tree. The next most closely related are the coyote (""Canis latrans""), golden jackal, and Ethiopian wolf (""Canis simensis""), which have all been shown to hybridize with the dog in the wild. The next closest are the dhole (""Cuon alpinus"") and African wild dog (""Lycaon pictus""), which are not members of genus ""Canis"". These are followed by the black-backed and side-striped jackals, members of genus ""Canis"" and the most basal members of"
"Chimpanzee The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo. Together with humans, gorillas, and orangutans they are part of the family Hominidae (the great apes). Native to sub-Saharan Africa, common chimpanzees and bonobos are currently both found in the Congo jungle, while only the common chimpanzee is also found further north in West Africa. Both species are listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and in 2017 the Convention on Migratory Species selected the common chimpanzee for special protection. The common chimpanzee"
"successful cooperation becomes the norm. Bonobos, which are social animals with higher tolerance levels, can outperform chimpanzees on some cooperative tasks. Elephants will wait for 45 seconds for a partner to arrive before they start a cooperative pulling task; wolves do the same for 10 seconds. Dogs raised as pets are also able to wait for a partner, albeit only for a few seconds; pack dogs on the other hand rarely succeed in cooperative pulling in any condition. Among birds, ravens are able to learn to wait after many trials, while keas have set the record in waiting for a"
"also on record). Genetic testing indicates that the snowy, not the Eurasian eagle owl, is the most closely related living species. Pleistocene era fossils have been found of ""Bubo"" owls in North America, which may either be distinct species or paleosubspecies, from as far east as Georgia, but predominantly in the Rocky Mountains and to the west of them. Almost all fossils indicate these owls were larger than modern great horned owls. A large number of subspecies, more than 20 altogether, have been named. However, many of these are not true races and only examples of individual or clinal variation."
"less than in extremely polygamous mammals."" But given that sexual dimorphism in the closest relatives of humans is much greater than among humans, the human clade must be considered to be characterized by decreasing sexual dimorphism, probably due to less competitive mating patterns. One proposed explanation is that human sexuality has developed more in common with its close relative the bonobo, which exhibits similar sexual dimorphism, is polygynandrous and uses recreational sex to reinforce social bonds and reduce aggression. Humans of the same sex are 99.9% genetically identical. There is extremely little variation between human geographical populations, and most of"
"Surprise egg"" of the Italian chocolate company Ferrero SpA. Hippopotamus The common hippopotamus (""Hippopotamus amphibius""), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (""Choeropsis liberiensis"" or ""Hexaprotodon liberiensis""). The name comes from the ancient Greek for ""river horse"" (). After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl. Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are"
"as some recent studies indicate that ""Prionodon"" is actually the closest living relative to the cats. The Nimravidae are sometimes seen as the most basal of all feliforms and the first to split from the others, but there is a possibility that Nimravidae might not even belong within the order, and therefore its position as a clade within Carnivora is currently unstable. Other studies indicate that the barbourofelids form a separate family, which is closely related to the true felids instead of being related to the nimravids. Recognizable nimravid fossils date from the late Eocene (37 mya), from the Chadronian"
"closer to him but not in the microwave. From another example, researcher gave the task of “feed your ball some tomato”, if Alia – a human 2-year-old, did not know what to do, Kanzi immediately used a spongy toy Halloween pumpkin as a ball, because there was no ball near him and began to feed the toy. Other animals used in language studies: Kanzi Kanzi (born October 28, 1980), also known by the lexigram (from the character 太), is a male bonobo who has been featured in several studies on great ape language. According to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, a primatologist who"
"(""P. troglodytes"") who live north of the Congo River, and the bonobo (""P. paniscus"") who live south of it, were once considered to be the same species, but since 1928 they have been recognized as distinct. In addition, ""P. troglodytes"" is divided into four subspecies, while ""P. paniscus"" is undivided. Based on genome sequencing, these two extant ""Pan"" species diverged around one million years ago. The most obvious differences are that chimpanzees are somewhat larger, more aggressive and male-dominated, while the bonobos are more gracile, peaceful, and female-dominated. Their hair is typically black or brown. Males and females differ in"
"the impact of the Iyaelima on the forest is minimal. The Salonga National Park is home to an unusually large group of bonobos, a species of ape that shares 98% of their DNA with humans and are thus our closest non-human relatives. The Iyaelima have a harmonious relationship with the bonobos, whose population is much higher in Iyaelima territory than elsewhere in the park. The Iyaelima recognize that bonobos are similar in many ways to humans, and see them as equally intelligent, but have no feeling of kinship with them and are insulted by the suggestion that they are relatives."