"and glacier travel and beginning a revolution in front pointing. There is currently a range of models, including specialized crampons with as many as 14 points and models with single points for ice climbing. Crampons are fastened to footwear by means of a binding system. Improved attachment systems - such as a cam action ""step-in"" system similar to a ski binding and particularly well adapted to plastic technical mountaineering boots - have widely increased crampon use. Crampons also use a full ""strap-in"" system and a ""hybrid"" binding that features a toe strap at the front and a heel lever at"
"same function as crampons. Crampons date back to the Vikings, from around 800AD till 1100AD. The crampons were found in the town of Öde in Medelpad, Sweden. It was examined in 1939. The crampon is located in the Government History Museum in Sweden. Scandinavian crampon A Scandinavian crampon is a rubber contraption with small spikes underneath it. They are used to avoid sliding on slippery surfaces such as ice and snow. The crampons are attached to footwear with either rubber straps on the heel or on the toes that covers the whole sole. Not to be mistaken for crampons used"
"Clamp (tool) A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term cramp is often used instead when the tool is for temporary use for positioning components during construction and woodworking; thus a G cramp or a sash cramp but a wheel clamp or a surgical clamp. There are many types of clamps available for many different purposes. Some are temporary, as used to position components while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent. In"
"is a one in-five chance of dying if caught in a significant avalanche, and only a 50/50 chance of being found alive if buried more than a few minutes. The best solution is to learn how to avoid risky conditions. For travel on slopes consisting of ice or hard snow, crampons are a standard part of a mountaineer's equipment. While step-cutting can sometimes be used on snow slopes of moderate angle, this can be a slow and tiring process, which does not provide the higher security of crampons. However, in soft snow or powder, crampons are easily hampered by balling"
"train to climb on all types of terrain whether it be snow, glacier, glacial Ice, water ice, or rock. Each type of terrain presents its own hazards. Climbers must be skilled in dealing with the different challenges that could arise from different terrain. Compacted snow conditions allow mountaineers to progress on foot. Frequently crampons are required to travel efficiently over snow and ice. Crampons attach to a mountaineer's boots to provide additional traction on hard snow (névé) and ice. Using various techniques from alpine skiing and mountaineering to ascend/descend a mountain is a form of the sport by itself, called"
"for certain types of climbing equipment (body harness, rope, protection hardware, etc), and not involving travel on extremely steep slopes or on glaciers. However, this can mean negotiating lower angle rock, traveling through talus and scree, crossing streams, fighting one's way through dense brush, and walking on snow-covered slopes. Although ropes may be sensible on harder scrambles, sustained use of rope and belay counts as climbing; typically, the use of ropes in scrambling is limited to basic safety uses. While much of the enjoyment of scrambling depends on the freedom from technical apparatus, unroped scrambling in exposed situations is potentially"
"the added stress and tiring effect on the calf muscles, climbers who regularly use this technique wear rigid crampons, or stiff/plastic mountaineering boots, versus the hinged variety used for more general mountaineering on steep snow slopes or glaciers. Front pointing Front pointing is a fundamental technique in mountaineering and ice climbing which is used to ascend moderate to steep ice slopes. Also referred to as the German technique, it is accomplished through the use of crampons with two front-slanting points or spikes, which allow traction to be concentrated at the toe of the climber's boots. Climbers generally pick up this"
"horse and a gorilla. The ground sloths may have also walked on their knuckles. Knuckle-walking tends to evolve when the fingers of the forelimb are specialized for tasks other than locomotion on the ground. In the gorilla the fingers are used for the manipulation of food, and in chimpanzees for the manipulation of food and for climbing. In anteaters and pangolins the fingers have large claws for opening the mounds of social insects. Platypus fingers have webbing that extend past the fingers to aid in swimming, thus knuckle-walking is used to prevent stumbling. It has been argued that knuckle-walking of"
"or the main trunk in the event of a fall. Tree climbing Tree climbing is a recreational or functional activity consisting of ascending and moving around in the crown of trees. A rope, helmet, and harness can be used to ensure the safety of the climber. Other equipment can also be used depending on the experience and skill of the tree climber. Some tree climbers take special hammocks called ""Treeboats"" and Portaledges with them into the tree canopies where they can enjoy a picnic or nap, or spend the night. Some tree-climbers employ a mixture of techniques and gear derived"
"skilled workers and heavy equipment operators. History of cranes Crane (machine) A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places. The device uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction"
"the back. To prevent snow from balling up under crampons, especially in temperatures around freezing, most models can be fitted with plastic or rubber ""anti-balling"" systems to reduce build-up. Rubber models use flexion to repel snow while plastic anti-balling plates employ a hydrophobic surface to prevent adhesion. Crampons are graded C1, C2 and C3 relative to their flexibility and general compatibility with different styles of boots. No crampons are suitable for B0 boots (flexible walking boots). Specialized ""ski crampons"" are employed in ski mountaineering on hard snow and ice. Far more common in the Alps than in the United States,"
"Harpoon A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing, whaling, sealing, and other marine hunting to catch large fish or marine mammals such as whales. It accomplishes this task by impaling the target animal and securing it with barb or toggling claws, allowing the fishermen to use a rope or chain attached to the butt of the projectile to catch the animal. A harpoon can also be used as a weapon. In the 1990s, harpoon points, known as the Semliki harpoons or the Katanda harpoons, were found in the Katanda region in Zaire (nowadays the Democratic Republic of"
"example, on flat ice, almost any good hiking or mountaineering boot will usually suffice, but for serious ice climbing double plastic mountaineering boots or their stiff leather equivalent are usually used, which must be crampon compatible and stiff enough to support the climber and maintain ankle support. On short, low angled slopes, one can use an ice axe to chop steps. For longer and steeper slopes or glacier travel, crampons are mandatory for a safe climb. Vertical ice climbing is done with crampons and ice axes (those specific to vertical ice generally being called technical ice axes, or ""ice tools"");"
"Flooring clamp Clamps, or cramps, for laying tongue and groove floorboards, or flooring. Only useful for clamping tongue and groove floors that are being face nailed. It is possible to clamp 8 to 10 boards at a time. Tremendous pressure can be applied to the boards. The clamps are always used in multiples; one clamp is useless. Spaced say every 4th or 5th joist, the clamp is driven onto the joist (range 35 mm to 65 mm thick) and with the ratchet action of the handle the clamp drives into a temporary bearer (100 x 50) and then to the"
"in the center section of the bottom of skis, or sticky ski wax in this center pocket are used in lower angle or rolling terrain. Climbing skins are used when fish scales or ski wax fail to provide sufficient grip for skiing steeply uphill. Ski crampons (also called ""Harscheisen"" (German), ""couteau"" (French), or ""rampant"" (Italian) may be attached when conditions are particularly icy or the grade too steep for skins. Ski touring can take place anywhere that has suitable snow and terrain, and reasonable means of access to the trailhead, i.e. plowed road, snowcat or aircraft. Some examples include Activities"
"Tree climbing Tree climbing is a recreational or functional activity consisting of ascending and moving around in the crown of trees. A rope, helmet, and harness can be used to ensure the safety of the climber. Other equipment can also be used depending on the experience and skill of the tree climber. Some tree climbers take special hammocks called ""Treeboats"" and Portaledges with them into the tree canopies where they can enjoy a picnic or nap, or spend the night. Some tree-climbers employ a mixture of techniques and gear derived from rock climbing and caving. These techniques are also used"
"Canyoning Canyoning (canyoneering in the U.S. / kloofing in South-Africa / torrentismo in Italian, barranquismo in Spanish) is travelling in canyons using a variety of techniques that may include other outdoor activities such as walking, scrambling, climbing, jumping, abseiling (rappelling), and swimming. Although non-technical descents such as hiking down a canyon (""canyon hiking"") are often referred to as ""canyoneering"", the terms ""canyoning"" and ""canyoneering"" are more often associated with technical descents — those that require abseils (rappels) and ropework, technical climbing or down-climbing, technical jumps, and/or technical swims. Canyoning is frequently done in remote and rugged settings and often requires"
"carriers and tote bags for their products, if for no other reason than to prevent the often-sharp cleats on the bottom from damaging surfaces they come in contact with. Since snowshoeing is commonly done in cold weather, users typically prepare for it by dressing in layers and carrying the appropriate equipment. Snowshoes function best when there is enough snow beneath them to pack a layer between them and the ground, usually at a depth of or more. However, contrary to popular belief, snowshoes perform poorly on very icy and steep terrain. Compared to crampons, snowshoes give relatively little grip on"
"Forceps ""Forceps"" (plural forceps or considered a plural noun without a singular, often a pair of forceps; the Latin plural ""forcipes"" is no longer recorded in most dictionaries) are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Forceps are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task. The term ""forceps"" is used almost exclusively within the medical field. Outside medicine, people usually refer to forceps as tweezers, tongs, pliers, clips or clamps. Mechanically, forceps employ the"
"the field of animal husbandry, using a clamp to attach an animal to a stationary object is known as ""rounded clamping."" A physical clamp of this type is also used to refer to an obscure investment banking term; notably ""fund clamps."" Anything that performs the action of clamping may be called a clamp, so this gives rise to a wide variety of terms across many fields. These clamps (or cramps) are used to position components temporarily for various tasks: Clamp (tool) A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation"
"of paramount importance in fields as diverse as construction, seafaring, exploration, sports, theatre, and communications, and has been used since prehistoric times. To fasten rope, many types of knots have been invented for countless uses.Pulleys redirect the pulling force to another direction, and can create mechanical advantage so that multiple strands of rope share a load and multiply the force applied to the end. Winches and capstans are machines designed to pull ropes. The modern sport of rock climbing uses so-called ""dynamic"" rope, which stretches under load in an elastic manner to absorb the energy required to arrest a person"
"Knee pad Knee pads or kneepads are protective gear worn on knees to protect them against impact injury from falling to the ground or hitting an obstacle, or to provide padding for extended kneeling. Knee pads are worn in many recreational and sporting activities such as cycling, rollerskating, skateboarding, cricket, volleyball, handball, basketball, American football, polo, dancing, etc. In polo, knee pads serve primarily to protect the rider's knee when ""riding off"" an opponent. Knee pads are also used in various trades such as for the home handyman, for the police SWAT teams, and they are also incorporated into military"
"Crane (machine) A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places. The device uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials, and in the"
"to be armed with an espontoon. Lewis and Clark brought spontoons on their expedition with the Corps of Discovery. The weapons came in handy as backup arms when the Corps travelled through areas populated by bears. At the Battle of Cowpens during the American Revolution, a spontoon was used by Captain Anderson of Maryland to pole vault to a British cannon and capture it just before it could be fired.. Today, a spontoon (or espontoon, as it is referred to in the manual of arms) is carried by the drum major of the U.S. Army's Fife and Drum Corps, a"
"defense against dangerous marine animals. They are also used for spearing fish. Spearguns may be powered by pressurized gas or with mechanical means like springs or elastic bands. The Philae spacecraft carried harpoons for helping the probe anchor itself to the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. However, the harpoons failed to fire. Harpoon A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing, whaling, sealing, and other marine hunting to catch large fish or marine mammals such as whales. It accomplishes this task by impaling the target animal and securing it with barb or toggling claws, allowing the fishermen to use"
"various school athletic departments and soccer organizations, such as USA football. The crab crawl is also useful for descending steep slopes with poor traction. Its feet-first orientation ensures a low center of mass to prevent tumbling, while the inverted posture allows one to see where they're going. The leopard crawl is a military-specific crawl. There are two versions, the leopard crawl proper and a modified version for when carrying weapons in the hands. This is a two-beat gait like a trot: an arm/elbow is advanced with the diagonal knee. This is designed for the smallest silhouette possible, and the body"
"can easily dimple or ""drill"" into the batten seriously compromising the strength of the batten. Film and television grips commonly make use of c-clamps that are manufactured specifically for their industry. These clamps are produced with integrated studs designed to accept the mounting hardware from a variety of small, lightweight lighting fixtures, allowing illumination to be placed in unusual or awkward locations quickly and easily. C-clamps are commonly used in theatrical carpentry for the same purpose that non-theatrical carpenters employ them: for creating a quick, temporary, and non-destructive way of joining two objects together. Legs are commonly attached to platforms"
"For another animation of such a crane in use see this video: (Here, the crane is used to erect a scaffold which in turn contains a gantry to lift sections of a bridge spire.) A telescopic crane has a boom that consists of a number of tubes fitted one inside the other. A hydraulic cylinder or other powered mechanism extends or retracts the tubes to increase or decrease the total length of the boom. These types of booms are often used for short term construction projects, rescue jobs, lifting boats in and out of the water, etc. The relative compactness"
"boards. Flooring clamp Clamps, or cramps, for laying tongue and groove floorboards, or flooring. Only useful for clamping tongue and groove floors that are being face nailed. It is possible to clamp 8 to 10 boards at a time. Tremendous pressure can be applied to the boards. The clamps are always used in multiples; one clamp is useless. Spaced say every 4th or 5th joist, the clamp is driven onto the joist (range 35 mm to 65 mm thick) and with the ratchet action of the handle the clamp drives into a temporary bearer (100 x 50) and then to"
"well known for using tools for hunting or gathering food and water, cover for rain, and self-defence. Chimpanzees have been the object of study, most famously by Jane Goodall, since these animals are more-often kept in captivity than other primates and are closely related to humans. Tool-use in other primates are lesser-known as many of them are mainly observed in the wild. Many famous researchers, such as Charles Darwin in his book ""The Descent of Man"", mentioned tool-use in monkeys (such as baboons). Both wild and captive elephants are known to create tools using their trunk and feet, mainly for"
"Crawling (human) Crawling or Quadrupedal movement is a method of human locomotion that makes use of all four limbs. It is one of the earliest gaits learned by human infants, and has similar features to four-limbed movement in other primates and in non-primate quadrupeds. Crawling is used mainly: Infants sometimes ""crawl"" with their stomachs on the ground as early as 3 months, but this crawling is infrequent with the baby remaining stationary most of the time. True crawling with the stomach off the ground and the baby frequently on the move usually develops between 7 and 11 months of age"
"their activity (clipped onto their transmitter's antenna, in a so-called ""subtractive"" method) or the modeler make them for their own transmitter(s), and places them on a club facility's existing frequency board (the ""additive"" method). Clothespin A clothespin (US English), or clothes peg (UK English) is a fastener used to hang up clothes for drying, usually on a clothes line. Clothespins often come in many different designs. Not to be confused with the one-piece wooden clothes-peg for hanging up coats that was invented by the Shaker community in the 1700s. During the 1700s laundry was hung on bushes, limbs or lines"
"treadwheel crane is in use at Prague Castle, Czech Republic. A Treadwheel Crane was used in the film ""Evan Almighty"", when Evan complained to God that he needed a crane to construct the Ark in suburban Washington, D.C. Treadwheel crane A treadwheel crane (Latin ""magna rota"") is a wooden, human powered, hoisting and lowering device. It was primarily used during the Roman period and the Middle Ages in the building of castles and cathedrals. The often heavy charge is lifted as the individual inside the treadwheel crane walks. The rope attached to a pulley is turned onto a spindle by"