"is twinned with Arromanches-les-Bains in Normandy. Dongo, Lombardy Dongo (Comasco: ) is a ""comune"" in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy. It lies on the northwestern shore of Lake Como between Gravedona and Musso at the mouth of the Albano. It is north of Milan and about northeast of Como. It was in Dongo, on 27 April 1945, that Benito Mussolini and other fascists, fleeing from Milan towards Valtellina, were captured by Urbano Lazzaro and other partisans. Dongo borders the following municipalities: Colico, Consiglio di Rumo, Garzeno, Germasino, Musso, Pianello del Lario, Stazzona. The Palazzo del Vescovo"
"partisans in Dongo, at Lake Como, while he was fleeing to Switzerland in April 1945. The books had been hidden by one of the partisans who had died recently. These diaries occasioned much interest among historians, as it appeared that Mussolini reluctantly brought Italy into World War II and that he had tried to prevent the war. The diaries were also received with scepticism as they had not been authenticated independently. This scepticism was made more acute by memories of the 1957 forgery and the forged Hitler diaries case in 1983. Later in February two Italian historians, Emilio Gentile and"
"CLNAI's assumption of control in Milan and the German army in northern Italy about to surrender, Mussolini fled the city on 25 April and attempted to escape north to Switzerland. On the same day as Mussolini left Milan, the CNLAI declared: On 27 April 1945, Mussolini and his mistress Claretta Petacci, together with other fascist leaders, were travelling in a German convoy near the village of Dongo on the north western shore of Lake Como. A group of local communist partisans led by Pier Luigi Bellini delle Stelle and Urbano Lazzaro attacked the convoy and forced it to halt. The"
"Garibaldi Brigades, a faction of the National Liberation Committee (CNL), commanding the formations operating in the Province of Mantova and the Po Valley. By January 1945, he had become the principal figure of the Italian resistance movement in Milan. He used the ""Nom de guerre"" ""Comandante Valerio"", a name possibly also used by Luigi Longo. As an official of the National Liberation Committee, he received an order on April 28, 1945 to enter Dongo and enforce the capital punishment that had been decreed against Mussolini and others in the fascist hierarchy. The death of Mussolini remains shrouded in mystery today,"
"fell to the advancing Italians on 5 May 1936 and the Ethiopians withdrew to nearby areas to regroup; Abebe Aregai went to Ankober, Balcha Safo to Gurage, Zewdu Asfaw to Mulo, Blatta Takale Wolde Hawariat to Limmu and the Kassa brothers (Aberra, Wondosson, and Asfawossen) to Selale. Haile Mariam conducted hit-and-run attacks around the capital. Emperor Haile Selassie fled the country with 117 chests of gold ingots which were used to fund his court in exile and the Patriots' activities. The emperor left 10,000 troops under the command of Aberra Kassa with orders to continue resistance. On 21 June, Kassa"
"de Foy who resumed being head of the Belgian State Security Service 1945-1958. In 1960 Adolf Eichmann was captured by Mossad agents in Argentina and smuggled into Israel. Eichmann provided a location in Argentina where Josef Mengele had been but Mossad was unable to find him; by 1961 Mengele had moved to Brazil. In early October 1999, Nazi hunter Efraim Zuroff tracked Ustasha Dinko Šakić, the former commandant of Jasenovac concentration camp (nicknamed the ""Auschwitz of the Balkans""). Sakic had lived in Argentina for more than 50 years. He was extradited to Croatia and sentenced by a Zagreb court to"
"captured Ambo on 25 April 1991 from the disintegrating units of the Derg. This was part of their strategy to avoid a direct assault on the capital, Addis Ababa, and instead surround the city and isolate it from the rest of the country. A prominent Oromo businessman, Daraaraa Kafani, was murdered in front of his home; eyewitnesses said he was slain by a man wearing a military uniform. His funeral was attended by thousands of Oromos in Ambo; police arrested more than 37 people, stating that they were supporters of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) on 3 September. In the"
"still not known for certain. After Edda's close call in the Adriatic Sea, Rachele and Benito Mussolini were doubly distressed when her brother, Bruno, died in August of the same year. In July 1943, when internal opposition against Mussolini finally emerged in the Fascist Grand Council, Galeazzo Ciano voted against his father-in-law. For this act, he was arrested for treason, tried and executed on 11 January 1944. Edda Ciano escaped to Switzerland on 9 January 1944, disguised as a peasant woman. She managed to smuggle out the Count's wartime diaries, which had been hidden in her clothing by her confidant"
"nation's leader, Emperor Haile Selassie, went into exile. In Rome, Mussolini proclaimed Italy's king Victor Emmanuel III emperor of Ethiopia and appointed Badoglio to rule as viceroy. In response to Ethiopian appeals, the League of Nations had condemned the Italian invasion in 1935 and voted to impose economic sanctions on the aggressor. The sanctions remained ineffective because of general lack of support, and because they excluded key war-making material- iron, coal, steel and most critically, oil. Strangely, aluminum, a metal that Italy had in plenty, and even exported, was on the list of sanctions that supposedly punished Italy. Although Mussolini's"
"a refuge for items looted from across Europe. When the US 88th Infantry Division occupied South Tyrol from May 2 to May 8, 1945, and after the total unconditional surrender of Germany on May 9, 1945, it found vast amounts of precious items and looted art treasures. Among the items reportedly found were railway wagons filled with gold bars, hundreds of thousands of metres of silk, the Italian crown jewels, King Victor Emmanuel's personal collection of rare coins, and scores of works of art looted from art galleries such as the Uffizi in Florence. It was feared that the Germans"
"War II, Friedrichshof was used as an officer's club by the military authorities during the American occupation. Princess Margaret's son Wolfgang, fearing for the family jewels, had buried them in a zinc-lined box in the subcellar of the castle. On 5 November 1945, the manager of the club, Captain Kathleen Nash, discovered the jewels and together with her future husband, Colonel Jack Durant, and Major David Watson, stole the treasure and took the jewels out of Germany. Many of the pieces were broken up and the gems sold separately, ruining the priceless heirlooms of the ancient House of Hesse. In"
"Italian Intelligence Service reported in 1939 that once he was granted that title, Hailu planned to provoke an uprising, drive out the Italians, and assume control of Ethiopia for himself. In July 1936, a number of surviving Ethiopian soldiers staged an unsuccessful attack on Addis Ababa to wrest control of the capital from the Italian occupiers. Hailu Tekle Haymanot played a part in the surrender of two of the commanders of the attacking forces. Both commanders were sons of ""Ras"" Kassa Haile Darge, Aberra Kassa and Asfawossen Kassa. Along with others, both had taken part in the attack and, like"
"seized control of most of the region, as was later recognised by the 1938 truce. In October 1935, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini sent 400,000 troops to invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Marshal Pietro Badoglio led the campaign from November 1935, ordering bombing, the use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas, and the poisoning of water supplies, against targets which included undefended villages and medical facilities. The modern Italian Army defeated the poorly armed Abyssinians and captured Addis Ababa in May 1936, forcing Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie to flee. The League of Nations condemned Italy's aggression and imposed economic sanctions in"
"was waiting to arrest him, his apartment was sacked and robbed. Searched for by the Germans also in Italy, he stayed in hiding for three months first in Tuscany and then in Lombardy, then he succeeded in taking refuge in Switzerland on October 14, 1943 at Stabio with some nephews. From Montreux, where he lived, Donati tried to find out what happened to the deported Jews putting pressure on the International Red Cross and meeting in Bern with the Apostolic Nuncio and British, American and Italian diplomats. In 1945 the Italian Government invited Donati to go back to France and"
"soldiers and 25,000 Eritrean soldiers to advance towards Addis Ababa. In December, after a brief period of inactivity and minor setbacks for the Italians, De Bono was replaced by Badoglio. Haile Selassie launched the Christmas Offensive late in the year to test Badoglio. By mid-January 1936, Badoglio was ready to renew the Italian advance on the Ethiopian capital. Badoglio ultimately overwhelmed the armies of ill-armed and uncoordinated Ethiopian warriors with mustard gas, tanks, and heavy artillery. In early January 1936, the Ethiopian forces were in the hills everywhere overlooking the Italian positions and attacking them regularly. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini"
"of the Italian occupation of Ethiopia, Wondosson Kassa was part of the armed Ethiopian resistance. Late in July 1936, he took part in the ill-fated attack on Addis Ababa along with his younger brothers, Aberra Kassa and Asfawossen Kassa. After the failure of that attack, he fled to avoid capture. However, on 19 December 1936, Wondosson Kassa was captured by the Wollo Oromo in a cave near the source of the Tekezé River. His place of capture was close to the Plains of Anchem where he had defeated Gugsa Welle in 1930. Some of the Oromo who captured him are"
"escape towards Switzerland, Benito Mussolini was taken prisoner and then shot by partisans in Giulino di Mezzegra, a small town on the north shores of Lake Como. In 2010, a motion by members of the nationalist Swiss People's Party (SVP) has been submitted to the Swiss parliament requesting the admission of adjacent territories to the Swiss Confederation; Como (and its province) is one of these. The Rockefeller fountain that today stands in the Bronx Zoo in New York City was once in the main square (Piazza Cavour) by the lakeside. It was bought by William Rockefeller in 1902 for 3,500"
"Benito Mussolini in 1945. The circumstances remain clouded, though Audisio was later elected to both the Italian Chamber of Deputies and the Italian Senate. In 1990, Samuel Doe, the President of Liberia was tortured to his death. In 1996, during their takeover of Afghanistan, Taliban soldiers captured Mohammad Najibullah, the President of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and dragged him to death. Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq was executed in 2006. During the 2011 Libyan civil war, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, the self-titled ""Brother Leader and Guide of the Revolution,"" was killed in the Battle of Sirte, in unclear"
"Swiss bank accounts. Of a total of 350 million Swiss Francs, about 150 million was seized by British troops; however, the remaining 200 million (ca. 47 million dollars) reached the Vatican. In October 1946, the American intelligence agency SSU alleged that these funds are still held in the Vatican Bank. This matter is the crux of a recent class action suit against the Vatican Bank and other defendants. World War II and especially its ethnic conflicts have been deemed instrumental in the later Yugoslav Wars (1991–95). Israeli President Moshe Katsav visited Jasenovac in 2003. His successor, Shimon Peres, paid homage"
"26 July 1943 Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, was arrested after the Italian Grand Council of Fascism (""Gran Consiglio del Fascismo""), with the support of King Vittorio Emanuele III, overthrew him and began negotiations with the Allies for Italy's withdrawal from the war. The Italian government was taken over by Marshal Pietro Badoglio, who outlawed the National Fascist Party (""Partito Nazionale Fascista"", PNF) and confiscated all of its assets. On 12 September Mussolini was rescued in the Gran Sasso raid by German Luftwaffe Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) led by General Kurt Student and the Waffen-SS ""Obersturmbannführer"" (Lieutenant Colonel), Otto Skorzeny. He was then"
"World War II the Van der Valks and their 11 children expanded the business with a number of hotel restaurants. This was continued by their grandchildren and great-grandchildren. In 1982 Toos van der Valk, the wife of company head Gerrit van der Valk was kidnapped by Italian criminals and held captive for 21 days. After a ransom of 13 million guilders was paid she was released. In 1994 Gerrit van der Valk was arrested for tax evasion after it was found out that some workers were paid in cash but he was not much later released. The case was eventually"
"250,000 soldiers, including 75,000 Italian civilians. The former police chief of Addis Ababa, Abebe Aregai, was the most successful leader of the Ethiopian guerrilla movement after 1937, using units of fifty men. On 11 December, the League of Nations voted to condemn Italy and Mussolini withdrew from the League. Along with world condemnation, the occupation was expensive, the budget for AOI from 1936 to 1937 required 19,136 billion lire for infrastructure, when the annual revenue of Italy was only 18,581 billion lire. In 1939 ""Ras"" Sejum Mangascià, ""Ras"" Ghetacciù Abaté and ""Ras"" Kebbedé Guebret submitted to the Italian Empire and"
"annexed by Ethiopia, he was appointed as the Mayor of Asmara (then the second largest city in Ethiopia). In 1974 with the onset of military dictatorship "" Derg "" in Ethiopia he was imprisoned in Addis Abeba along with most of former Emperor Haile Selassie cabinets, most regional governors, many senior military officers and other dignitaries where in 1979, he was killed by the military/socialist dictatorship in Ethiopia. Haregot Abbai Dejazmatch Haregot Abbai (Abay) KCVO (Knight Commander of the Victorian Order) (1909-1979) was an Eritrean businessman and politician. He was member of political party known as "" “Mahber Fikre Hager”"
"for Ciano's life. After Hitler vetoed the scheme, Pucci drove Edda to the Swiss border on 9 January 1944 and ensured her escape. Before escaping, Edda wrote last pleas to General Wilhelm Harster, SD commander in Italy, Hitler and Mussolini, and Pucci delivered these letters to an intermediary. Pucci then attempted to flee to Switzerland himself, but he was arrested and transported to San Vittore prison in Milan. He was tortured there by the Gestapo in a futile attempt to extract information. Pucci then managed to escape and reach Switzerland, where he remained until the end of the war. The"
"1960s and 1970s. Tumsa was abducted and killed by Derg soldiers on 28 July, 1979, and has been called the “Dietrich Bonhoeffer of Africa” in the years following. Inspired by Tumsa's life, the Gudina Tumsa Foundation was founded in 1992 to help people who are ""suffering physically as well as those longing for justice and freedom."" In 2008, a group of youth Ethiopian theologians formed the Gudina Tumsa Theological Forum to ""provide a platform for sound theological reflection on developments within the church and society at large."" Gudina Tumsa Gudina Tumsa (Boji, Oromia, 1929 – 28 July, 1979) was an"
"Gran Sasso raid The Gran Sasso raid or Operation ""Eiche"" (""Oak"") was the rescue of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini by German paratroopers led by Major Otto-Harald Mors and ""Waffen-SS"" commandos in September 1943, during World War II. The airborne operation was personally ordered by Adolf Hitler, planned and executed by Major Harald Mors, and approved by General Kurt Student. On the night between 24 and 25 July 1943, a few weeks after the Allied invasion of Sicily and bombing of Rome, the Italian Grand Council of Fascism voted a motion of no confidence (""Ordine del Giorno"" Grandi) against Mussolini. On"
"an attack, a shot struck him in the chest directly above his heart, but the bullet was stopped by the two silver dollars he happened to have stacked in his shirt pocket. He continued to carry the coins throughout the war in his shirt pocket as good luck charms, until he lost them shortly before the battle in which he lost his arm. On April 21, 1945, Lt. Inouye was grievously wounded while leading an assault on a heavily defended ridge near San Terenzo in Liguria, Italy, called the Colle Musatello. The ridge served as a strongpoint of the German"
"entered the capital, where they rescued the diplomats. Before departing from Abyssinia, Sir Robert allowed his troops to loot and burn Magdala, including its churches. The expedition looted a large number of treasures and religious items such as tabots. These are still held in various museums and libraries in Europe, as well as in private collections. A few items have been returned to Ethiopia, the most important being the crown of Tewodros II, which George V personally presented to the future Emperor Haile Selassie on his visit to England in 1925. Two tabots were returned in 2002 and 2003, from"
"such as Baro Tumsa, Elemo Qiltu (Hassen Ibrahim), Ahmad ""Hundee"" Taqi and the legendary Shaykh Bakhri Saphalo. In June 1974, Ethiopia was in turmoil as the imperial regime began to weaken. Tadesse took this chance and escaped from Gelemso and returned to Addis Ababa. The Derg, which was the military regime that took over the government, asked Tadesse to become Minister of the Interior which he refused. After a second refusal, the police were sent to detain him from which he escaped began to organize an armed Oromo rebellion in Shewa. He was joined by Colonel Haile Regassa, Major Abebe"
"was ambushed, captured and imprisoned by Somali forces after trying to cross into Ethiopia from northern Somalia. Despite the setback, Elemo didn't lose hope and started smuggling and stockpiling weapons in Ethiopia through the Afar desert with the help of the Eritrean Liberation Front. Early in 1973, Elemo was invited to attend a clandestine meeting of all major Oromo underground movement leaders in Addis Abeba. This meeting led to the formation of the first Oromo Liberation Front and he was tasked with launching an armed struggle against the Ethiopian government. After the meeting, Elemo, along with a fellow Oromo nationalist"
"Operation Tombola During World War II, Operation Tombola was a major Special Air Service raid on German rear areas in Italy. Fifty men parachuted to the Cusna Mountain area (Reggio Emilia) between 4 and 24 March 1945, under command of Major Roy Farran and helped from the SOE mission ""Envelope"" under the command of Michael Lees. A number of Allied airdrops provided weapons for the force which included local resistance fighters and 70 escaped Soviet POWs. They were able to attack German LI Mountains Corps headquarters, which was located at two villas in Botteghe d'Albinea in the hills above Reggio"
"Balcha Safo ""Dejazmach"" Balcha Safo (; 1863 – 6 November 1936), popularly referred to by his ""horse-name"" Balcha Aba Nefso (), was an accomplished Ethiopian military commander and lord protector of the crown, who served in both the First and Second Italo-Ethiopian Wars. Originally of humble birth in the Gurage region, he was made a dejazmach. Balcha also became a provincial Governor (""Shum""), and was a renowned warrior under Emperor Menelik II , famously becoming one of the leaders in the Battle of Adwa. He later eventually became a key member of the conservative provincial elite who, in the 1920s,"
"success stories. Theodor retired from daily operations in 1993 and remained as chairman of the board. In 1971, Albrecht was kidnapped for 17 days. A ransom of seven million German marks (approximately US$2 million at the time) was paid for his release. He was held at gunpoint by Heinz-Joachim Ollenburg, a lawyer, and his accomplice Paul Kron. The ransom sum was delivered by the Bishop of Essen. His kidnappers were eventually caught by authorities, but only half of the money was recovered. Albrecht later successfully claimed the ransom as a tax deductible business expense in court. During World War II,"