"Capstan (cigarette) Capstan is a British brand of unfiltered cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco. The brand dwindled in popularity when the health effects of tobacco became more widely known; few shops sell them today. Capstan was originally launched by W.D. & H.O. Wills in 1894, and was one of the most popular brands of cigarettes in the early-twentieth century. W.D. & H.O. Wills spent £4,000 (equivalent to £477,509.50 in 2018) on promoting the Capstan cigarettes in 1900, and these amounts were in addition to regular charges for advertising, including showcards and newspaper advertisements. It was W.D. &"
"Anchor windlass A windlass is a machine used on ships that is used to let-out and heave-up equipment such as a ship's anchor or a fishing trawl. An anchor windlass is a machine that restrains and manipulates the anchor chain on a boat, allowing the anchor to be raised and lowered by means of chain cable. A notched wheel engages the links of the chain or the rope. A trawl windlass is a similar machine that restrains or manipulates the trawl on a commercial fishing vessel. The trawl is a sort of big fishing net that is wound on the"
"Binnacle A binnacle is a waist-high case or stand on the deck of a ship, generally mounted in front of the helmsman, in which navigational instruments are placed for easy and quick reference as well as to protect the delicate instruments. Its traditional purpose was to hold the ship's magnetic compass, mounted in gimbals to keep it level while the ship pitched and rolled. A binnacle may be subdivided into sections and its contents typically include one or more compasses and an oil lamp or other light source. Other devices such as a sand timer for estimating speed may have"
"Capstan (nautical) A capstan is a vertical-axled rotating machine developed for use on sailing ships to multiply the pulling force of seamen when hauling ropes, cables, and hawsers. The principle is similar to that of the windlass, which has a horizontal axle. The word, connected with the Old French ""capestan"" or ""cabestan(t)"", from Old Provençal ""cabestan"", from ""capestre"" ""pulley cord,"" from Latin ""capistrum"", -a halter, from ""capere"", to take hold of, seems to have come into English (14th century) from Portuguese or Spanish shipmen at the time of the Crusades. Both device and word are considered Spanish inventions. In its"
"and their power system should be capable of lifting the anchor and all its rode (chain and rope) if deployed so that it hangs suspended in deep water. This task should be within the windlass' rated working pull, not its maximum pull. The devil's claw is a device that is used as a chain stopper to grab and hold an anchor chain. It consists of a turnbuckle, usually attached at the base of the anchor windlass, and a metal hook with two curved fingers that grab one link of a chain. A devil's claw is often used on merchant ships"
"In yachting terminology, a winch functions on the same principle as a capstan. However, in industrial applications, the term ""winch"" generally implies a machine which stores the rope on a drum. Hydraulically powered capstans were sometimes used in railway goods yards for shunting, or shifting railcars short distances. One example was Broad Street goods station in London. The yard was on a deck above some warehouses, and the deck was not strong enough to carry a locomotive, so ropes and capstans were used instead. Capstan (nautical) A capstan is a vertical-axled rotating machine developed for use on sailing ships to"
"Crosstrees Crosstrees are the two horizontal spars at the upper ends of the topmasts of sailing ships, used to anchor the shrouds from the topgallant mast. Similarly, they may be mounted at the upper end of the topgallant to anchor the shrouds from the royal mast (if fitted). Similar transverse spars remain on steam ship and motor vessel masts to secure wire antennae or signal flag halyards. Any vertical structure like a mast is subject to dynamic swaying stress from wind, which levers immense force at the base of the mast. Such stress is countered through guy ropes which are"
"Marine riser tensioner A marine riser tensioner is a device used on an offshore drilling vessel which provides a near constant upward force on the drilling riser independent of the movement of the floating drill vessel. The marine riser is connected to the wellhead on the sea bed and therefore the tensioner must manage the differential movements between the riser and the rig. If there were no tensioner and the rig moves downward, the riser would buckle; if the rig rises then high forces would be transmitted to the riser and it would stretch and be damaged. Tensioners have historically"
"for Royal Navy vessels, this is equipped with specialist machinery such as arc welding equipment, lathes, pillar drills, grinders, band saws and a large store of spares. ""Diligence"" is the Royal Navy's primary battle damage repair unit, and is on short notice to react to developing situations worldwide. One of the key features of the ship's design is the dynamic positioning system which can keep the vessel static in poor conditions, using the ship's range of thrusters and the variable-pitch propeller. The ship has a helicopter deck on the roof of her bridge that is large enough to support a"
"Masting sheer A masting sheer, sheers, shears or masting crane is a specialised shipyard crane, intended for placing tall masts onto large sailing ships. ""Sheers"" is an old name for a fixed crane formed by one or two wooden beams, fixed at the base and supported by ropes. Ancient sailing ships did not require sheers to erect their masts, as they could be lifted into place by ropes and allowed to pivot around their feet. As ships became larger, their larger and heavier masts were no longer able to be handled in this way. A crane was needed, tall enough"
"Nautical cable A nautical cable is a band of tightly woven and clamped ropes, of a defined cable length, used during the age of sail for deep water anchoring, heavy lifting, ship to ship transfers and towing during blue sea sailing and other uses. Ordinary rope is not waterproof. When a ship anchors in relatively deep water (greater than 20 fathoms or so), the anchor and rope that is let down becomes prohibitively difficult to raise again, even with a mechanism like a capstan. This ultimately limits the depths available with ordinary rope to within the weight bearing capacity of"
"the vessel is directly above the anchor; at this point the anchor chain is ""up and down"", in naval parlance. If necessary, motoring slowly around the location of the anchor also helps dislodge it. Anchors are sometimes fitted with a tripping line attached to the crown, by which they can be unhooked from rocks or coral. The term ""aweigh"" describes an anchor when it is hanging on the rope and is not resting on the bottom. This is linked to the term ""to weigh anchor"", meaning to lift the anchor from the sea bed, allowing the ship or boat to"
"hawsepipe is the pipe passing through the bow section of a ship that the anchor chain passes through. Hawsepiper refers to climbing up the hawsepipe, a nautical metaphor for climbing up the ship's rank structure. This is in turn derived from the traditional British Naval usage of ""came up through the hawsehole"", referring to sailors who first entered the ship as foremast jacks before becoming officers, metaphorically by climbing up the hawser without great honor or respect, rather than being received directly onto the quarterdeck. There is also the phrase, ""going down the hawse pipe"" which is an officer who"
"Assist, Secure and Traverse) and is an integral part of the LAMPS Mk III (SH-60B) weapons system. A secondary purpose of the haul-down device is to equalize electrostatic potential between the helicopter and ship. The whirling rotor blades of a helicopter can cause large electrical charges to build up on the airframe, large enough to cause injury to shipboard personnel should they touch any part of the helicopter as it approaches the deck. This was depicted in the 1990 film ""The Hunt for Red October"", when Jack Ryan is flown out to a submarine by helicopter. Ryan is lowered to"
"been composed of hydraulic actuated cylinders with wire sheaves. More recently, active electrical motors have been used for compensation purposes. A hydraulic riser tensioner consists of a hydraulic cylinder with sheaves at both sides. The cylinder is connected to a number of high-pressure gas bottles via a medium separator. A wire rope is rigged in the cylinder; one end is connected to the fixed part of the tensioner, the other end is connected to the riser. On board a drill rig tensioners are usually required for drill string compensator, riser tensioner, and guideline tensioner. Marine riser tensioner A marine riser"
"a vessel's handling during sailing, not physical weight. The naming confusion perhaps stemms from the variety of coastal craft used in Britain at the time: the English Cutter of the late 18th century, the Margate hoy used for Channel crossing, the Leith sloop, and the English Channel packet-boat. However, the description closely matches the Southampton fishing hoys, with ""heavy"", i.e. nearly vertical, stem and stern posts, larger than expected beams and rounded mid-ship sections. The clinker-built Southampton fishing hoys carried the smack or cutter rigs rather than the sloop rigs of the south-eastern English coast (Dover & Thames) hoys. David"
"stories of such systems releasing unexpectedly have caused many to shun them in favour of traditional fixed hooks. There are counterclaims for the origin of the device: Trapeze (sailing) In sailing, the trapeze refers to a wire that comes from a point high on the mast, usually where the shrouds are fixed, to a hook on the crew member's harness at approximately waist level. The position when extended on the trapeze is outside the hull, braced against it (or an extension of it outwards) with the soles of the feet, facing the masthead, and clipped on by a hook on"
"Mast (sailing) The mast of a sailing vessel is a tall spar, or arrangement of spars, erected more or less vertically on the centre-line of a ship or boat. Its purposes include carrying sail, spars, and derricks, and giving necessary height to a navigation light, look-out position, signal yard, control position, radio aerial or signal lamp. Large ships have several masts, with the size and configuration depending on the style of ship. Nearly all sailing masts are guyed. Until the mid-19th century all vessels' masts were made of wood formed from a single or several pieces of timber which typically"
"formed by extending the keel tube about a metre beyond the leading edge of the wing. In 1879 a patent in England by F. W. Brearey was filed (followed by U.S. patenting in numbers 234947 and 320042 ) that taught bowsprit structure for flying machines. In the modern mid-1900s renaissance in hang gliding a Dial Soap TV commercial featured in 1973 a bowsprit cross-sparless hang glider. Other examples of bowsprit hang gliders were exampled in the gliders manufactured by Bautek in the 1980s. Bowsprit The bowsprit of a sailing vessel is a spar extending forward from the vessel's prow. It"
"windlass as a torture device. One of the captives' wrists were tied together. The captor then twisted a stick in the rope until it tightened and caused the man's wrists to swell. Windlass The windlass is an apparatus for moving heavy weights. Typically, a windlass consists of a horizontal cylinder (barrel), which is rotated by the turn of a crank or belt. A winch is affixed to one or both ends, and a cable or rope is wound around the winch, pulling a weight attached to the opposite end. The oldest depiction of a windlass for raising water can be"
"Boat lift A boat lift, ship lift, or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an alternative to the canal lock and the canal inclined plane. It may be either vertically moving, like the ship lifts in Germany, Belgium, the lift at ""Les Fontinettes"" in France or the Anderton boat lift in England, or rotational, like the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. A precursor to the canal boat lift, able to move full-sized canal boats, was the tub boat lift used in mining, able to raise and lower the 2.5 ton tub"
"Flatiron (ship) A flatiron is a type of coastal trading vessel designed to pass under bridges that have limited clearance. Her mast(s) are hinged or telescopic, her funnel may be hinged, and her wheelhouse may also fold flat. Flatirons were developed in the UK in the latter part of the 19th century. Most were colliers built to bring coal from North East England and South Wales to gasworks and power stations on the River Thames that were upriver from the Pool of London. Until the middle of the 20th century flatirons were built with triple-expansion steam engines. The largest steam"
"Bitts Bitts are paired vertical wooden or iron posts mounted either aboard a ship or on a wharf, pier or quay. The posts are used to secure mooring lines, ropes, hawsers, or cables. Bitts aboard wooden sailing ships (sometime called cable-bitts) were large vertical timbers mortised into the keel and used as the anchor cable attachment point. Bitts are carefully manufactured and maintained to avoid any sharp edges which might chafe and weaken the mooring lines. Mooring lines may be laid around the bitts either singly or in a figure-8 pattern with the friction against tension increasing with each successive"
"Gunwale The gunwale () is the top edge of the side of a boat. Originally the gunwale was the ""gun ridge"" on a sailing warship. This represented the strengthening wale or structural band added to the design of the ship, at and above the level of a gun deck. It was designed to accommodate the stresses imposed by the use of artillery. In wooden boats, the gunwale remained, mounted inboard of the sheer strake, regardless of the use of gunnery. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the side where there is usually some form of stiffening. On"
"Conning tower A conning tower is a raised platform on a ship or submarine, often armored, from which an officer in charge can conn the vessel, controlling movements of the ship by giving orders to those responsible for the ship's engine, rudder, lines, and ground tackle. It is usually located as high on the ship as practical, to give the conning team good visibility of the entirety of the ship, ocean conditions, and other vessels. The verb ""conn"" probably stems from the verb ""conduct"" rather than another plausible precedent, the verb ""control"". On surface ships, the conning tower was a"
"Snotter A snotter is a rope or tackle used in sailing to tension the sprit on a spritsail, or a sprit boom on a sprit-boomed sail by pulling the lower end towards the mast. It is also used in a junk rig. There are a great many variations on the snotter arrangement, and some more fastidious authors have referred to it as a ""snouter"" or ""snorter"". The origin of the nautical term is obscure. Hauling on the snotter sets the tension in the spar and thus governs how the sail is set. On very small boats, typically with a single"
"Davit A davit is any of various crane-like devices used on a ship for supporting, raising, and lowering equipment such as boats and anchors. The term sometimes refers to structural arms in other applications where a suspended load is supported in similar fashion to the naval application. Davit systems are most often used to lower an emergency lifeboat to the embarkation level to be boarded. Davits can also be used as man-overboard safety devices to retrieve personnel from the water. The lifeboat davit has falls (now made of wire, historically of manila rope) that are used to lower the lifeboat"
"Weigh anchor Weigh anchor is a nautical term indicating the final preparation of a sea vessel for getting underway. ""Weighing anchor"" literally means raising the anchor of the vessel from the sea floor and hoisting it up to be stowed on board the vessel. At the moment when the anchor is no longer touching the sea floor, it is ""aweigh."" USS Marvel (AM-262)'s narrative is described in part in DANFS as ""On 17 January 1945 she ""weighed anchor"" and began a 2-1/2-month cruise to Kodiak, Alaska."" When a vessel is not at anchor, but tied to a pier or to"
"raise the sail up the mast. Symmetric spinnakers have the windward clew secured to a spinnaker pole. The pole is attached to the mast and holds the windward edge of the sail in position. Lines that control the spinnaker pole are called ""guys"" or ""braces"". The spinnaker pole may be allowed to raise and lower with the force of the wind, or it may have lines attached to it to raise (the ""topping lift"") and lower (the ""foreguy"" or ""downhaul"") the angle of the pole. If these lines are used, they are generally set up before setting sail, and left"
"Belaying pin A belaying pin is a solid metal or wooden device used on traditionally rigged sailing vessels to secure lines of running rigging. Largely replaced on most modern vessels by cleats, they are still used, particularly on square rigged ships. A belaying pin is composed of a round handle and cylindrical shaft. The shaft is inserted into a hole in various strategically located wooden ""pinrails"" (lining the inside of the bulwarks, surrounding the base of masts, or free-standing, called fife rails) up to the base of the handle. A line is then led under and behind the base of"
"was moored in 872 m of water. Steel catenary riser A steel catenary riser (SCR) is a common method of connecting a subsea pipeline to a deepwater floating or fixed oil production platform. SCRs are used to transfer fluids like oil, gas, injection water, etc. between the platforms and the pipelines. In the offshore industry the word catenary is used as an adjective or noun with a meaning wider than is its historical meaning in mathematics. Thus, an SCR that uses a rigid, steel pipe that has a considerable bending stiffness is described as a catenary. That is because in"
"warns ships from a distance of a line between two High Flyers. High flyer (fishing) High Flyers, also known as Long Line High Flyers, are vertical poles used by commercial fishermen that serve to locate the beginning and end of a long fishing line, commonly used in tuna, swordfish, as well as other fishing. Often constructed with a vertical Marine Grade aluminum pole which resists corrosion, they have a tapered fluted buoy to provide buoyancy, and the poles are about 6–9 feet (2–3 meters) high above the water. The counter-weight at the bottom is often a PVC pipe filled with"
"Trysail A trysail (also known as a ""spencer"") is a small triangular or square fore-and-aft rigged sail hoisted in place of a larger sail when winds are very high. The trysail provides enough thrust to maintain control of the ship (e.g. to avoid ship damage, and to keep the bow to the wind). It is hoisted abaft (i.e., directly behind) the mainmast (taking the place of the much larger mainsail) or, on a brig, abaft the foremast. In the Royal Navy in the late nineteenth century, the term ""trysail"" came to denote the main fore-and-aft sail on any mast. This"