"had a choice of sites, they chose the worse one. Byzas In Greek mythology, Byzas (Ancient Greek: Βύζας, ""Býzas"") was the eponymous founder of Byzantium (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον, ""Byzántion""), the city later known as Constantinople and then Istanbul. Byzantion was an ancient Greek colony, on the ruins of which the city of Constantinople was built. The founder of Byzantion, Byzas, was son of King Nisos of Megara. According to Greek mythology, Byzas was son of Poseidon and his mother, Keroessa, was the daughter of Io and Zeus. During the 7th century BC, the Greek city-states were expanding and establishing new"
"the name given to it at its foundation by Megarean colonists around 660 BCE. The name is thought to be derived from a personal name, Byzas. Ancient Greek tradition refers to a legendary king of that name as the leader of the Greek colonists. Modern scholars have also hypothesized that the name of Byzas was of local Thracian or Illyrian origin and hence predated the Megarean settlement. After Constantine the Great made it the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire in 330 CE, the city became widely known as Constantinople, which, as the Latinized form of """" (""Konstantinoúpolis""), means"
"29 May 1453 after a six-week siege. The walls were largely maintained intact during most of the Ottoman period, until sections began to be dismantled in the 19th century, as the city outgrew its medieval boundaries. Despite the subsequent lack of maintenance, many parts of the walls survived and are still standing today. A large-scale restoration program has been under way since the 1980s. According to tradition, the city was founded as Byzantium by Greek colonists from Megara, led by the eponymous Byzas, around 658 BC. At the time the city consisted of a small region around an acropolis, located"
"if one has taken departure from the latter towns. According to Strabo, it was founded by the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter (281–261 BC), who named it after his wife Stratonice. Or at least this is what has been generally told; some historians have contested this date as too early, and proposed to consider the city's founder Stratonice's son, Antiochus II Theos, or, later still, Antiochus III the Great. What seems certain is that the city was founded on the site of an old Carian town, Idrias, anciently called Chrysaoris, said to be the first town funded by the Lycians."
"the city ever since. The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. In the 500s BC, the area became part of a Thracian state union, the Odrysian kingdom from another Thracian tribe the Odrysses. For a short period Thracian rule was possibly interrupted by the Achaemenid Empire. In 339 BC Philip II of Macedon destroyed and ravaged the town for the first time. The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting ""Astiu ton Serdon"", i.e. city of the Serdi. The"
"so it is assumed that the city was abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire until the founding of the Zirid kingdom in 1013, when its defensive walls were built. According to some linguists it owes its present name to the inhabitants of the city of Baeza, called ""Beatia"" by the Romans, who were banished after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa and settled here outside the walls. Other linguists assert that the name derives from the Arabic ""al-bayyāzīn"" (pronounced ""al-bayyīzīn"" with the imāla vowel-shift), meaning ""suburb of falconers"". However, the fact that in Andalusia there are many"
"mention an ancient Greek village ""Skavala"" near the town. Other proposals include either from the Italian ""cavallo"" (= horse), or from the Hebrew ""Kabbalah"" due to the city's large Jewish population in the past. Its nickname is ""The cyan city"" (Η γαλάζια πόλη). The city was founded in the late 7th century BC by settlers from Thassos. It was one of several Thassian colonies along the coastline, all founded in order to take advantage of rich gold and silver mines, especially those located in the nearby Pangaion mountain (which were eventually exploited by Phillip II of Macedonia). Worship of Parthenos"
"dating back to the second century BC. J. - C., as Fernand Benoit thinks in 19314. Besides, the name of the city comes from the classical Arabic çawma'a designating the top of a hill or a high place inhabited by a hermit4. Some ruins date from Carthaginian and Roman times, as shown by a coin discovered on the spot and dated from the reign of Trajan. In late antiquity a Christian bishopric was founded in the town, then called Praesidium. Sidi Ali al-Çum'î, mystic of the 13th century, is the patron saint of the city. According to oral tradition, he"
"the sway of Hellenistic influence, and was given the Greek name of Eusebia () in honor of the Cappadocian king Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator of Cappadocia (163–130 BC). The new name of Caesarea (), by which it has since been known, was given to it by the last Cappadocian King Archelaus or perhaps by Tiberius. The city passed under formal Roman rule in 17 BC. Caesarea was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur I after his victory over the Emperor Valerian I in AD 260. At the time it was recorded to have around 400,000 inhabitants. The city gradually recovered,"
"town known to them as ""Malaca"". Transformed into a confederated city, it was under a special law, the ""Lex Flavia Malacitana"". A Roman theatre was built at this time. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled first by the Visigoths and then by the Byzantine Empire (550–621). It was regained by the Visigoths in 621 and ruled by them until the Umayyad Caliphate's conquest of the area in 711. In the 8th century, the city became an important regional trade center. After its secession from the caliphate, Cordoba ruled over the town known to them as"
"gave the city the name . Cato the Elder is reported as saying that was founded 963 years before the war with Perseus (171-168 BC), so 1134 BC. This date cannot be considered accurate. The city was later occupied by the Etruscans, and later still by the Romans, although it is not mentioned by name in the history of the Roman conquest of Umbria. occupied a strategic location in the Second Latin War (340-338 BC), lying on a loop of the Via Cassia called the Via Amerina, which started at Falerii and crossed the Tiber at Castellum Amerinum (probably Orte)."
"traces of a Neolithic culture have been unearthed. Ceramics discovered from the 10th to the 6th century BC prove that the site was inhabited during the early Iron Age as well. In 341 BC the town was founded or refounded by Philip II of Macedon, who fortified it; subsequently, the town became a ""polis"". It was under the rule of Alexander the Great and Lysimachus until 280 BC, when in 279 BC it briefly fell under the control of King Cavarus of the Celtic Kingdom of Tylis and the city minted coins on behalf of Cavarus. In about 277 BC"
"has had a continuous history since the founding of the city in 330 AD by Constantine the Great. After Constantine the Great had enlarged Byzantium to make it into a second capital city in 330, it was thought appropriate that its bishop, once a suffragan of the Exarch of Thrace and Macedonia, the Metropolitan of Heraclea, should be elevated to an archbishopric. For many decades the heads of the church of Rome opposed this ambition, not because anyone thought of disputing their first place, but because they defended the 'Petrine principle' by which all Patriarchates were derived from Saint Peter"
"south of Trabzon. Later Greek authors mentioned the Macrones and the Chalybes as native peoples. One of the dominant Caucasian groups to the east were the Laz, who were part of the monarchy of the Colchis, together with other related Georgian peoples. According to Greek sources the city was founded in classical antiquity in 756 BCE as Τραπεζοῦς (""Trapezous""), by Milesian traders from Sinope. It was one of a number (about ten) of Milesian ""emporia"" or trading colonies along the shores of the Black Sea. Others included Abydos and Cyzicus in the Dardanelles, and nearby Kerasous. Like most Greek colonies,"
"was first settled by the Osci people near the Pescara River. In around 1000 BCE it was conquered by Marsi and Marrucini people. The city was also lived in by the Greeks, who named it Teate. It was conquered by the Romans in 305 BCE but after the fall of Rome in 476 CE, Theoderic the Great gained ownership of the city and it was subsequently used as a Lombard fortress. The city was then owned by the Franks, the Normans, the Hohenstaufen, the Angevins and Aragonese rulers until strong control over the city was gained by Charles V of"
"the city was founded on the right bank of the Salso in 282 BCE, by Phintias, a tyrant of Agrigentum, who named it for himself, razing the city of Gela and resettling its population at his new settlement. Phintias laid it out on a great scale, with its walls, temples, and agora. As late as the 1st century BCE, inscriptions and coins show that the inhabitants retained the name ""Geloi"". The setting took advantage of a small natural harbour, about across, which corresponds to a natural depression along the coast that is now infilled with construction. The site was protected"
"adds, that there was previously a native city on the spot, the name of which was Macara. The two legends are so distinct that no intimation is given by Diodorus of their relating to the same spot, and we only learn their connection from the combination in later times of the two names. There is no account of its founding, but archaeological finds suggest a date in the mid 6th century BC. The first written mention of the city represents it as a small town and a colony of the Greek settlement of Selinus, bearing the name of Minoa. It"
"be distilled primarily from ancient texts and numismatic sources, as the city has never been properly excavated. The city was established by Alexander the Great in 324, replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine. This was one of Alexander's last cities before his death in 323 BC. Here he established a quarter (dēmē) of the port called Pella, named after Alexander’s own town of birth, where he settled Macedonian veterans. The city passed to the Seleucid Empire after Alexander's death, until it was destroyed at some point by flooding. The city was rebuilt c. 166 BC by order of Antiochus VI"
"go back to the 4th century BC when Greeks from Massalia created a trading centre which they needed to defend from the Iberians. As it developed over the following century, coins inscribed ΡΟΔΗΤΩΝ were minted with the bust of Arethusa on the front and a rose on the back. After occupying the surrounding area in the early 2nd century during the Punic Wars, the Romans finally sacked the city under the command of Marcus Porcius Cato in the late 3rd century. The Roman colony which was subsequently established lasted almost until the end of the Roman Empire. During the second"
"following communities (""constituent villages given in parenthesis) : The city was founded by the Roman emperor Trajan (r. 98–117) near the ancient town of Doriscus, and received his name. In the Roman period, the city was famous for its baths. In the 4th century, it became the capital and metropolitan see of the Thracian Roman province of Rhodope. Under Justinian I (r. 527–565) the city walls were repaired. The city remained the metropolis of the ecclesiastical province of Rhodope until its decline in the 14th century, but ceased being a provincial capital with the rise of the theme system, coming"
"According to the Byzantine historian John Malalas, the city was built by the Roman Emperor Constantine I on the site of former Maximianopolis, which had been destroyed by a Persian attack and an earthquake. During the next two centuries, it was an important location in the Roman/Byzantine Near East, playing a crucial role in the Roman–Persian Wars of the 6th century as the seat of the ""dux Mesopotamiae"" (363–540). It was also a bishopric, suffragan of Edessa. Jacob Baradaeus was born near the city and was a monk in a nearby monastery. The city was captured by the Arabs in"
"on the city was declared an imperial domain at least in 135-6 AD under Hadrian, from an inscription discovered. It was a famous resort indicated by the fact that emperor Septimius Severus visited the city. In 293 the Roman emperor Diocletian also came here undoubtably attracted by the mineral springs and raised its official status as a city and renamed it. The city walls of 2.3km total length were built in the early 4th century after the Gothic invasions. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the city declined until at the end of 6th to beginning of 7th century"
"(the same that fought Hasdrubal Barca and vanquished him at the banks of the Metaurus River in 207 BC), who gave it the Latin name ""Forum Livii"", meaning ""the place of the gens Livia"". Others argue the town may have been founded later, during the time of Julius Caesar. In 88 BC, the city was destroyed during the civil wars of Gaius Marius and Sulla, but later rebuilt by the praetor Livius Clodius. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the city was incorporated into the realms of Odoacer and of the Ostrogothic Kingdom. From the end of the"
"of the city. Archaeology shows that the site was inhabited from 6,000 years BC probably due to the many hot mineral springs nearby. Later a Thracian settlement developed there and in the 5th and 4th centuries BC it became a major market town trading with Greek cities on the northern Aegean as evidenced by the range of imported coins and pottery found. In the 1st century AD Thrace was conquered by the Romans and the settlement eventually became a Roman city and one of the three most important towns in the province. It was first called Augusta. The region centred"
"770 BC, and from the 6th century BC it was under the hegemony of ancient Carthage in north Africa. From 218 BC the region was ruled by the Roman Republic and then at the end of the 1st century it was federated with the Roman Empire. Under the rule of the Roman Republic, the ""Municipium Malacitanum"" became a transit point on the ""Via Herculea"", which revitalised the city both economically and culturally by connecting it with other developed enclaves in the interior of Hispania and with other ports of the Mediterranean Sea. The decline of the Roman imperial power in"
"was founded in the 11th century by the Byzantine Greek emperor Isaac I Komnenos. Like the rest of the Greek mainland, it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Ages, until it was taken by Bulgaria in 1913 following Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913. In 1920, as a result of the Treaty of Neuilly and subsequent agreements, the town was given to Greece. The municipality was created in 1986 and included the communities of Ardanio, Doriskos, Feres and Itea. Under the Capodistrian Plan (2539/1997) in 1997, the old communities of Peplos and Tryfilli joined the municipality. The"
"domains included Apulia, Calabria, and Ancona. The name was originally applied to the entire territory. Thus, while there is no certainty that the Lombards founded the city, there is no doubt that they were present and had integrated into the population, well before their defeat at the start of the 11th century. The present-day town may have been founded between 1027 and 1034, in the aftermath of the Norman invasion, when due to natural calamities and pestilence all of the Grimaldesi moved to the slopes of the Santa Lucerna mountains. During the period of Angevin, Aragonese and Spanish rule of"
"Byzantium Byzantium or Byzantion (; Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον, ""Byzántion"") was an ancient Greek colony in early antiquity that later became Constantinople, and then Istanbul. Byzantium was colonized by the Greeks from Megara in 657 BC. Ancient Greek legend refers to King Byzas, the leader of the Megarian colonists and founder of the city. The form ""Byzantium"" is a latinisation of the original name. Much later, the name ""Byzantium"" became common in the West to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire. Its capital Constantinople stood on the site of ancient Byzantium. The name ""Byzantine Empire"" was introduced by the historian Hieronymus"
"was founded in 814 BC by Phoenician settlers from the city of Tyre, bringing with them the city-god Melqart. Ancient Carthage was an informal hegemony of Phoenician city-states throughout North Africa and modern Spain from 575 BC until 146 BC. It was more or less under the control of the city-state of Carthage after the fall of Tyre to Babylonian forces. At the height of the city's influence, its empire included most of the western Mediterranean. The empire was in a constant state of struggle with the Roman Republic, which led to a series of conflicts known as the Punic"
"fortress was soon destroyed in 1064 by an attack of the Uzes, however some inhabitation continued. A settlement, larger than the one in the 11th century, is archaeologically attested beginning with the 14th century. The Ottoman rule was imposed around 1420, and would last for the following four centuries. The town was first documented under its modern name in 1506, in the Ottoman customs records. On that occasion it was described as an ""important centre for the transit trade"". Around 1848, it was still a small shipyard city, being awarded city status in 1860, when it became a province capital."
"In the Middle Ages it was called Boruj by the Bulgarians and later, Železnik. The Turks called it Eski Hisar (old fort) and Eski Zagra, from which its current name derives, assigned in 1871. The original Thracian settlement dates from the 5-4th century BC when it was called Beroe or Beroia. The city was founded by Phillip II of Macedon in 342 BC. Under the Roman Empire, the town was renamed ""Ulpia Augusta Traiana"" in honour of emperor Trajan. The city grew to its largest extent under Marcus Aurelius (161-180) and became the second most important city in the Roman"
"root of the Ottoman Turkish name ""Dıraç"". In English usage, the Italian form ""Durazzo"" used to be widespread, but the local Albanian name ""Durrës"" has gradually replaced it in recent decades. Though surviving remains are minimal, as one of the oldest cities in Albania, the city was founded as ""Epidamnos"" in the ancient region of Illyria in 627 BC by ancient Greek colonists from Corinth and Corcyra, modern-day Corfu. The Romans replaced the rule of Teuta with that of Demetrius of Pharos, one of her generals. He lost his kingdom, including Epidamnus, to the Romans in 219 BC at the"
"was occupied by the Spaniards in 1557 when they founded the Ciudad del Real Guayrá in current town of Guaíra. A new occupation started in 1730 with troops (""troperismo"" in Portuguese), but the settlement of the current city began in the late 1910s by settlers of mixed racial ethnicity (""caboclos"" – people of indigenous and European descent) and descendants of Slavic immigrants, at the peak of the cycle of erva mate. The village began to form on March 28, 1928, when José Silverio de Oliveira, the ""Nho Jeca"", leased the land from the settler Jose Antonio Elias, in the historical"