"Later, similar competing tactics would feature harquebusiers or musketeers in formation with pikemen, pitted against cavalry firing pistols or carbines. While the military crossbow had largely been supplanted by firearms on the battlefield by 1525, the sporting crossbow in various forms remained a popular hunting weapon in Europe until the eighteenth century. There are no references to crossbows in Islamic texts earlier than the 14th century. Arabs in general were averse to the crossbow and considered it a foreign weapon. They called it ""qaus al-rijl"" (foot-drawn bow), ""qaus al-zanbūrak"" (bolt bow) and ""qaus al-faranjīyah"" (Frankish bow). Although Muslims did have"
"in the role of projectile weaponry. The traditional bow and arrow had long been a specialized weapon that required a considerable user training, physical strength and expertise to operate with any degree of practical efficiency. In many cultures, bowmen were considered a separate and superior caste, despite usually being drawn from the common class, as their archery skill-set was essentially developed from birth (similar to many horseman cultures) and was impossible to reproduce outside a pre-established cultural tradition, which many nations lacked. In contrast, the crossbow was the first projectile weapon to be simple, cheap and physically undemanding enough to"
"Projectile A projectile is any object thrown into space (empty or not) by the exertion of a force. Although any object in motion through space (for example a thrown baseball) may be called a projectile, the term more commonly refers to a ranged weapon. Mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectory. Blowguns and pneumatic rifles use compressed gases, while most other guns and cannons utilize expanding gases liberated by sudden chemical reactions. Light-gas guns use a combination of these mechanisms. Railguns utilize electromagnetic fields to provide a constant acceleration along the entire length of the device, greatly"
"in the middle of two lengths of cord. The ""sling stone"" is placed in the pouch. The middle finger or thumb is placed through a loop on the end of one cord, and a tab at the end of the other cord is placed between the thumb and forefinger. The sling is swung in an arc, and the tab released at a precise moment. This frees the projectile to fly to the target. A bow is a flexible piece of material which shoots aerodynamic projectiles called arrows. A string joins the two ends and when the string is drawn back,"
"of a round crossbow bullet. The earliest known bullet-shooting crossbow was invented in the 16th century. It was a simple, two-string crossbow that shot small projectiles. The earliest forms of ammunition included clay balls, which were rolled and baked to form round, hard bullets. The bow’s primary purpose was to shoot birds, as conventional weapons lacked the ability to effectively hunt flying prey. The lighter projectiles from a pellet bow flew faster, so the shooter had a better chance of hitting a moving target. One of the most important changes to the bullet-shooting crossbow was the strong, upwardly curved bow."
"crossbow-launched version of the U.S. Army type classified Launched Grapnel Hook (LGH), among other mine countermeasure solutions designed for the middle-eastern theatre. It has been successfully evaluated in Cambodia and Bosnia. It is used to probe for and detonate tripwire initiated mines and booby traps at up to 50 meters. The concept is similar to the LGH device originally only fired from a rifle, as a plastic retrieval line is attached. Reusable up to 20 times, the line can be reeled back in without exposing oneself. The device is of particular use in tactical situations where noise discipline is important."
"by a simple carriage with two small solid wheels. A curved shoulder pad is attached to left side of the barrel, and a large shield is fitted to protect the crew from the back-blast produced by the rocket projectiles. The shield is not thick enough to provide protection from enemy fire. The weapon is normally fired from the carriage, but it can be dismounted and shoulder fired by two men working together to support the weapon. The weapon fires two types of projectiles, a general purpose explosive/fragmentation round, the OG-82, and an armour piercing anti-tank round, the PG-82. It has"
"Rapid fire crossbow The Raid fire crossbow (in Italian ) is a crossbow project with fast recharge designed by Leonardo da Vinci and drawn on sheets 143r, 153r and 155r of the Codex Atlanticus. After a prototype built in 2013, the first working model was released on 24 June 2015 during a demonstration at the Castello Sforzesco in Milan. The instrument, the result of a study conducted by Edoardo Zanon of the Leonardo3 study center in respect of the processing and assembly techniques available at the time of Leonardo. The model allows precision shooting and is equipped with a fast"
"Leonardo's crossbow Leonardo's crossbow is a type of shooting weapon designed by Leonardo da Vinci, whose drawings are in the ""Codex Atlanticus"". Never constructed by its designer, it was instead built to a scale of 1:1, as shown in the ITN documentary ""Leonardo's Dream Machines"", which was aired for the first time in February 2003 by Channel 4. The original idea of Leonardo, as described in the drawings of the ""Atlantic Codex"" (1488–1489), was to build a giant crossbow in order to increase the range of the dart. It was used to fire rocks and bombs, it was mostly intimidation"
"centrifugal forces that result a doughnut-shaped pattern of shot (with a high projectile density on the periphery, and a low projectile density in the interior). While this may be acceptable at close ranges (some spreader chokes are rifled to produce wide patterns at close range) this is not desirable at longer ranges, where a tight, consistent pattern is required to improve accuracy. Another smoothbore weapon in use today is the 37-mm riot gun, which fires non-lethal munitions like rubber bullets and teargas at short range at crowds, where a high degree of accuracy is not required. The cannon made the"
"pellets. The bullet-shooting crossbow featured many similarities to the slingshot, a similar but much simpler weapon. Both feature a pouch that holds a small projectile. In comparison tests, the bullet-shooting crossbow only shoots slightly faster, but much more accurately than the slingshot. A catapult is faster and can be quite accurate, but is not as powerful as the stronger pellet bows and elastic is a relatively modern invention. With the invention of safe, more powerful, and more accurate rifles, the bullet-shooting crossbow became obsolete shortly after. By the time the 19th century came around, the bow appeared to be on"
"point of the projectile. This creates a force which pushes the projectile along the track, accelerating it to great speeds until it leaves the rails and the circuit is broken. Coilguns, on the other hand, have a barrel made up of coils of magnetic material. The projectile is placed between the coils, which have a pulse of electricity passed through them. This pulls the projectile into the centre of the coil. The coils further down the track are then pulsed in sequence at specific times, accelerating the projectile until it leaves the barrel. Ion cannons are beam weapons that fire"
"Sauterelle The Arbalète sauterelle type A, or simply Sauterelle (French for grasshopper), was a bomb-throwing crossbow used by French and British forces on the Western Front during World War I. It was designed to throw a hand grenade in a high trajectory into enemy trenches. It was initially dismissed by the French Army but General Henri Berthelot thought it had practical value. It was lighter and more portable than the Leach Trench Catapult, but less powerful. It weighed and could throw an F1 grenade or Mills bomb . The Sauterelle replaced the Leach Catapult in British service until they were"
"M712 Copperhead The M712 Copperhead is a 155 mm caliber cannon-launched guided projectile (CLGP). It is a fin-stabilized, terminally laser guided, explosive shell intended to engage hard point targets such as tanks, self-propelled howitzers or other high-value targets. It may be fired from different artillery pieces, such as the M114, M109, M198, M777 and CAESAR howitzers. The projectile has a minimum range of 3 km and a maximum range of 16 km. The concept for Copperhead was originally made in 1970 by engineers at the US Army's Rodman Laboratories, with feasibility studies conducted in 1971. In 1972 development contracts were"
"The projectile is a tungsten insert held in a plastic sabot, fired at a high muzzle velocity () with the ability to defeat current and future body armours. It is claimed to be effective against lightly armoured vehicles such as armoured personnel carriers (APCs). Advantages claimed for the 6.5×25mm CBJ cartridge include a high impact velocity, a high hit probability due to the flat trajectory, high energy transfer to the target, and low levels of barrel wear and corrosion. The cartridge case is aluminium. Each 6.5×25mm CBJ cartridge weighs and has an overall length of . The projectile weight is"
"26.5 km (threshold) and 28.5 km (objective), when fired from the M198 weapon system (39 caliber tube) with the M203A1 propelling charge. The maximum range when fired from a Crusader type system (52 caliber tube) shall be 34 km (threshold) to 36 km (objective). Extending the range of the M795 HE projectile provides the ability to engage at an even greater distances and provides for a munitions which is compatible with current and developmental delivery systems and their associated propellants. The US Army has identified a need to provide extended range 155mm high explosive (HE) projectiles for both current and"
"Arrow An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile that is launched via a bow, and usually consists of a long straight stiff shaft with stabilizers called fletchings, as well as a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, and a slot at the rear end called the nock for engaging the bowstring. The use of bows and arrows by humans predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. A craftsman who makes arrows is a ""fletcher"", and one that makes arrowheads is an ""arrowsmith"". The oldest evidence of stone-tipped projectiles, which may or may not"
"Ballista The ballista (Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα ""ballistra"" and that from βάλλω ""ballō"", ""throw""), plural ballistae, sometimes called bolt thrower, was an ancient missile weapon that launched a large projectile at a distant target. Developed from earlier Greek weapons, it relied upon different mechanics, using two levers with torsion springs instead of a tension prod (the bow part of a modern crossbow), offering much greater efficiency over tension-based weaponry. The springs consisting of several loops of twisted skeins. Early versions projected heavy darts or spherical stone projectiles of various sizes for siege warfare. It developed into a smaller precision weapon,"
"American projectile points has been produced by Noel Justice. Projectile point In archaeological terms, a projectile point is an object that was hafted to weapon that was capable of being thrown or projected, such as a spear, dart, or arrow, or perhaps used as a knife. They are thus different from weapons presumed to have been kept in the hand, such as axes and maces, and the stone mace or axe-heads often attached to them. Stone tools, including projectile points, can survive for long periods, were often lost or discarded, and are relatively plentiful, especially at archaeological sites, providing useful"
"crossbow used during the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties. As inventors of gunpowder, the Chinese were the first to deploy gunpowder weapons. A large variety of gunpowder weapons were produced, including guns, cannons, mines, the flamethrower, bombs, and rockets. After the rise of the Ming Dynasty, China began to lose its lead in gunpowder weapons to the west. This became partially evident when the Manchus' began to rely on the Jesuits to run their cannon foundry, at a time when European powers had assumed the global lead in gunpowder warfare through their Military Revolution. The first ""proto-gun"", the fire lance,"
"(1,651 yd) when fired from the Five-seven. In testing, the SS190 and similar 5.7×28mm projectiles consistently turn base over point (""tumble"") as they pass through ballistic gelatin and other media, using the 21.6-mm (.85 in) projectile length to create a larger wound cavity. However, some are skeptical of the bullet's terminal performance, and it is a subject of debate among civilian shooters in the United States. The 5.7×28mm projectile potentially poses less risk of collateral damage than conventional pistol bullets, because the projectile design limits overpenetration, as well as risk of ricochet. The lightweight projectile also poses less risk of"
"to a crossbow, though much larger, and used a string-winding mechanism to fire a missile or bolt placed in a groove. Other giant crossbows were used throughout the period, and an ""espringal"", based on the ballista, which threw large bolts, was developed in the 13th century. Torsion-powered arrow firers had been used from 400 BC, and were adapted for stones. A mangonel had a wooden spoon-shaped arm, to hold a stone or other projectile, which was manipulated under tension from a twisted rope. The trebuchet was an advanced development of the 12th or 13th century, which used a counter-weight to"
"Armour-piercing discarding sabot Armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) is a type of kinetic energy projectile fired from a rifled-barrel gun to attack armoured targets. APDS rounds are sabot rounds, firing a spin-stabilized armor penetrating sub-projectile, and were commonly used in large calibre tank guns, up until the early 1980s, but have now been superseded by armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabot (APFSDS) projectiles used in smooth-bore guns, firing a fin-stabilized armor penetrating sub-projectile. However, APDS rounds are still commonly used in small or medium calibre weapon systems. For a given calibre, this type of ammunition can effectively double the armour penetration of a"
"projectile. The pressure from the expanding gas accelerates the projectile until it leaves the end of the tube. M252 mortar The M252 81 mm medium weight mortar is a British designed smooth bore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon used for long-range indirect fire support to light infantry, air assault, and airborne units across the entire front of a battalion zone of influence. In the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps, it is normally deployed in the mortar platoon of an infantry battalion. The M252 system weighs 91 lb (41 kg) completely assembled and is composed of the M253 Cannon (35 lb, 16"
"its way out. Gunpowder is much more powerful and destructive than a crossbow, and guns quickly became the new weapon of choice both for hunting and war. Because most bullet-shooting crossbows use small bullets, the bullet-shooting crossbow was used primarily for hunting. The small caliber rounds are perfect for killing animals like birds and rats. Being a crossbow, it doesn't give off much sound. Even though more powerful weapons were invented, like the air gun, the bullet-shooting crossbow was used extensively throughout history because it wasn't loud enough to scare prey off. Naturally, this bow took the poaching profession by"
"replaced in 1916 by the 2 inch Medium Trench Mortar and Stokes mortar. Sauterelle The Arbalète sauterelle type A, or simply Sauterelle (French for grasshopper), was a bomb-throwing crossbow used by French and British forces on the Western Front during World War I. It was designed to throw a hand grenade in a high trajectory into enemy trenches. It was initially dismissed by the French Army but General Henri Berthelot thought it had practical value. It was lighter and more portable than the Leach Trench Catapult, but less powerful. It weighed and could throw an F1 grenade or Mills bomb"
"the 16th century military crossbows in Europe were superseded by cannons and muskets. Hunters continued to carry crossbows for another 150 years due to its silence. There is a theory that European crossbows originate from China but this is not based on concrete evidence. Significant differences exist between the two trigger mechanisms used in European and Chinese crossbows. A crossbowman or crossbow-maker is sometimes called an ""arbalist"" or ""arbalest"". ""Arrow"", ""bolt"" and ""quarrel"" are all suitable terms for crossbow projectiles. The ""lath"", also called the ""prod"", is the bow of the crossbow. According to W.F. Peterson, the ""prod"" came into"
"Sling (weapon) A sling is a projectile weapon typically used to throw a blunt projectile such as a stone, clay, or lead ""sling-bullet"". It is also known as the shepherd's sling. Someone who specialises in using slings is called a slinger. A sling has a small cradle or ""pouch"" in the middle of two lengths of cord. The ""sling stone"" is placed in the pouch. The middle finger or thumb is placed through a loop on the end of one cord, and a tab at the end of the other cord is placed between the thumb and forefinger. The sling"
"Projectile point In archaeological terms, a projectile point is an object that was hafted to weapon that was capable of being thrown or projected, such as a spear, dart, or arrow, or perhaps used as a knife. They are thus different from weapons presumed to have been kept in the hand, such as axes and maces, and the stone mace or axe-heads often attached to them. Stone tools, including projectile points, can survive for long periods, were often lost or discarded, and are relatively plentiful, especially at archaeological sites, providing useful clues to the human past, including prehistoric trade. A"
"Laws on crossbows The crossbow often has a complicated legal status due to its potential use for lethal purposes, and its similarities with both firearms and other archery weapons. The crossbow is, for technical purposes, often categorized as a firearm by various legal jurisdictions, despite the fact that no combustion is required to propel the projectile. This is a list of laws concerning crossbows by country. Crossbows are not considered firearms in the United States. In some nations, such as Canada and the United States, crossbows are not subject to any specific regulation, in most there are laws, which differ"
"be fuelled, prepared and rolled just outdoors of the facility's concrete casing, launched from either of two outdoor launch pads in rapid sequence against London and southern England. A similar-purpose but less-developed facility, the Blockhaus d'Eperlecques, had also been built, some 14.4 kilometers (8.9 miles) north-northwest of La Coupole, and closer to intended targets in southeastern England. Following repeated heavy bombing by Allied forces during Operation Crossbow, the Germans were unable to complete construction of the works and the complex never entered service. The United Kingdom conducted post-war investigations, determining that it was ""an assembly site for long projectiles most"
"bore diameter rubber projectile. These are used for long range, accurate direct fire shots on individual targets. Pepper-spray projectiles, commonly called pepperballs, are direct-fire paintball-like capsules filled with a pepper spray solution of capsaicin. They provide a longer range, more user-friendly way to disperse pepper spray. Many sorts can be fired from paintball markers. Other sorts are designed to be fired from specially-designed pepperball guns whose muzzle velocity is greater than a paintball marker: if the velocity is not high enough the projectile will not break. As with paintball impacts, the capsule's impact is mildly painful and by itself can"
"be successful against 1 in 50 rockets, provided that accurate trajectories were forwarded to the gunners in time. Work on this basic concept continued and developed into a plan to deploy a large number of guns in Hyde Park that were provided with pre-configured firing data for grids of the London area. After the trajectory was determined, the guns would aim and fire between 60 and 500 rounds. At a Crossbow meeting on 15 January 1945 Pile's updated plan was presented with some strong advocacy from Roderic Hill and Charles Drummond Ellis. However, the Committee suggested that a test not"