"knew someone personally who referred to blacks by the term. Nearly one-third of whites and two-thirds of blacks said that they themselves had personally used the term in the last five years. In explaining his refusal to be conscripted to fight the Vietnam War (1965–75), professional boxer Muhammad Ali said, ""No Vietcong [Vietnamese soldier] ever called me nigger""; later, his modified answer was the title ""No Vietnamese Ever Called Me Nigger"" (1968) of a documentary about the front-line lot of the U.S. Army Black soldier in combat in Vietnam. An Ali biographer reports that, when interviewed by Robert Lipsyte in"
"refuse to serve in the U.S. Army and publicly considered himself a conscientious objector. Ali stated that ""War is against the teachings of the Holy Qur'an. I'm not trying to dodge the draft. We are not supposed to take part in no wars unless declared by Allah or The Messenger. We don't take part in Christian wars or wars of any unbelievers."" Ali also famously said in 1966: ""I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong ... They never called me nigger."" Ali appealed his local (Louisville, Kentucky) draft board's rejection of his application for conscientious objector classification. The"
"wars of any unbelievers."" He stated: ""Man, I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong."" Ali elaborated: ""Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go ten thousand miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on brown people in Vietnam while so-called Negro people in Louisville are treated like dogs and denied simple human rights?"" Ali antagonized the white establishment in 1966 by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military, citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War. On April 28, 1967, Ali appeared in Houston for his scheduled"
"now eligible for the draft and induction into the U.S. Army at a time when the U.S. was involved in the Vietnam War, a war which put him further at odds with the white establishment. When notified of this status, Ali declared that he would refuse to serve in the army and publicly considered himself a conscientious objector. Ali stated: ""War is against the teachings of the Qur'an. I'm not trying to dodge the draft. We are not supposed to take part in no wars unless declared by Allah or The Messenger. We don't take part in Christian wars or"
"several others, including Bob Arum. Ali and then-WBA heavyweight champion boxer Ernie Terrell had agreed to meet for a bout in Chicago on March 29, 1966 (the WBA, one of two boxing associations, had stripped Ali of his title following his joining the Nation of Islam). But in February Ali was reclassified by the Louisville draft board as 1-A from 1-Y, and he indicated that he would refuse to serve, commenting to the press, ""I ain't got nothing against no Viet Cong; no Viet Cong never called me nigger."" Amidst the media and public outcry over Ali's stance, the Illinois"
"be questioned about the atrocities they might have committed personally, refused to be interviewed. One of the active members of the VVAW told investigators that the leadership had directed the entire membership not to cooperate with military authorities. A black marine who agreed to be interviewed was unable to provide details of the outrages he had described at the hearing, but he called the Vietnam war ""one huge atrocity"" and ""a racist plot."" He admitted that the question of atrocities had not occurred to him while he was in Vietnam, and that he had been assisted in the preparation of"
"participate in the American Civil War. They differed markedly from their friend Ely Parker. The latter attempted to raise an Iroquois regiment but was denied, on the grounds that he was not a US citizen, and denied service on the same ground. He entered the army finally by the intervention of his friend, Ulysses S. Grant, served on Grant's staff. Parker was present at the surrender of General Lee; to Lee's remark that Parker was the ""true American"" (as an American Indian), he responded, ""We are all Americans here, sir."" Morgan held no consistent views on the war. He could"
"was not a political person, a religious person, or a military person. I have never heard once that he hated America or it's ' allies. I never heard that he really served with the Taliban. He received some help from the Taliban like other Iraqi refugees, and I am one of them. I am one of them and I have received help from the Taliban. They only gave me food for my family and me. They gave me a house to stay with my family. In regards to 758, they did not give him a house because he was not"
"major war against somebody who doesn't have any guns. We sent them rifles, ammunition, mortars, grenades, food, helicopters. You name it; they got it. ... None of that got out in the media. No one gave a damn. It is something that I will be forever ashamed of. The only justification I ever heard for what we were doing was the concern that East Timor was on the verge of being accepted as a new member of the United Nations and there was a chance that the country was going to be either leftist or neutralist and not likely to"
"American military recruitment during World War I, at which he testified in his own defense, the prosecution asked Nearing whether he was a ""pacifist socialist."" Nearing's reply was illuminating; he replied that he was a ""pacifist"" and left it at that. Prosecutor Earl B. Barnes was taken aback and asked for clarification: Q: You are a pacifist even to class struggles? [Nearing]: I am a pacifist in that I believe that no man has a right to do violence to any other man. Q: Even in the class struggle? [Nearing]: Under no circumstances. Half a century later, in his 1972"
"grandparents were Swedish. Nugent grew up in a military family: his father was a career Army sergeant. Nugent himself never served in the military, neither as a draftee nor volunteer, even though he came of age during the height of the Vietnam War. In 1977 and 1990 interviews with ""High Times"" magazine and the ""Detroit Free Press"", Nugent claimed he deliberately failed his draft physical by taking drugs, eating nothing but junk food for days beforehand, and defecating and urinating in his pants. Nugent denied his defecation story in a 2018 appearance on ""The Joe Rogan Experience""; he asserted that"
"the University of Arkansas. He subsequently decided not to join the ROTC, saying in a letter to the officer in charge of the program that he opposed the war, but did not think it was honorable to use ROTC, National Guard, or Reserve service to avoid serving in Vietnam. He further stated that because he opposed the war, he would not volunteer to serve in uniform, but would subject himself to the draft, and would serve if selected only as a way ""to maintain my political viability within the system"". Clinton registered for the draft and received a high number"
"I knew what he meant. It was not personal at all. ... Bobby took it personally. Bobby took it personally and turned away from him. That was a mistake because he turned toward us. We were the reasonable, responsible, mature representatives of the Black community. Lorraine Hansberry said, ""You've got a great many very, very accomplished people in this room, Mr. Attorney General. But the only man who should be listened to is that man over there."" Kennedy and Smith began to argue. Kennedy was particularly shocked when Smith said he would ""never never never"" join the military to fight"
"the military. On October 19, Judge Phillips further refused a federal government request to stay the order pending appeal. That same day, Dan Choi went to the Times Square recruiting station in New York to rejoin the U.S. Army (referred to in one source as ""reaccesion""); his request is in process. Choi reaffirmed his intention to rejoin the service on December 19. Following the repeal of ""don't ask, don't tell"" by Congress, Choi was present at the U.S. Interior Department to attend President Obama's signing of the bill on December 22, 2010. On May 28, 2011, Choi was among a"
"High School and proceeded to Los Angeles City College. He dropped out after a year to support his family. He tried various jobs, but racial discrimination prevented him from staying long at any job. The U.S. Army refused his enlistment for the same reason. But after the U.S. Congress enacted a law subjecting Asian Americans to conscription, Kim was drafted into the Army. He entered service on January 31, 1941, three months before his father died. After spending half a year in the Army as an engineer, Kim was selected for the Infantry Officer Candidate School at Fort Benning, Georgia."
"about the evil of war rather than religious beliefs. The judge adjourned proceedings and postponed a decision on Huxley's application in order to report to Washington. Huxley never received U.S. citizenship. In the 1968 case ""In re Weitzman"", a U.S. district court considered the naturalization petition of Brenda Weitzman, a 25-year-old mother of two children from South Africa and religious non-believer who had refused to take the part of the Oath requiring her to serve in the Armed Forces. She expressed a total ""objection to warfare and the bearing of arms"" (conscientious objectorship), being ""repulsed by no particular war, but"
"Virgil A. Richard Brigadier General Virgil Almos Richard ( September 4, 1937 – September 11, 2013) was a retired US Army General who served 32 years of active military service of which 30 were devoted to Financial Management. Richard became an outspoken critic of the ""Don't ask, don't tell"" policy of the U.S. Armed Forces and gained national media attention as a part of a small group of high-ranking military officers who came out as gay after retirement. Richard was born in Anthony, Kansas, and grew up in rural Wakita, Oklahoma. He received his BS in accounting from Oklahoma State"
"in his refusal to be drafted for the Vietnam War amid the Civil Rights Movement during the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. After earning the championship, Clay converted his religion to Islam, which instigated conflict with his boxing career. He also abandoned his name that was given to his slave ancestors and adopted Muhammad Ali. On April 28, 1967, he refused to serve in the Army during the Vietnam War, stating religious reasons that it goes against the Qur'an's teaching. He then became an icon of not only the civil rights struggle, but also the anti-Vietnam War movement. However he"
"Investigative Service, are interesting and revealing. Many of the veterans, though assured that they would not be questioned about the atrocities they might have committed personally, refused to be interviewed. One of the active members of the VVAW told investigators that the leadership had directed the entire membership not to cooperate with military authorities. A black marine who agreed to be interviewed was unable to provide details of the outrages he had described at the hearing, but he called the Vietnam war ""one huge atrocity"" and ""a racist plot."" He admitted that the question of atrocities had not occurred to"
"1966, the boxer actually said, ""I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong"". On February 28, 2007, the New York City Council symbolically banned the use of the word ""nigger""; however, there is no penalty for using it. This formal resolution also requests excluding from Grammy Award consideration every song whose lyrics contain the word; however, Ron Roecker, vice president of communication for the Recording Academy, doubted that it will have any effect on actual nominations. The word can be invoked politically for effect. When Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick came under intense scrutiny for his personal conduct in 2008,"
"draft boards certified 57,000, of whom 30,000 passed the physical and 21,000 were inducted into the U.S. Army. About 80% of the 21,000 decided to abandon their objection and take up arms, but 3,989 drafted objectors refused to serve. Most belonged to historically pacifist denominations, especially Quakers, Mennonites, and Moravian Brethren, as well as a few Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses. About 15% were religious objectors from non-pacifist churches. Ben Salmon was a nationally known political activist who encouraged men not to register and personally refused to comply with the draft procedures. He rejected the Army Review Board proposal that"
"Jefferson in resistance to tyranny. Beam refused the Aryan Nations' head Richard Girnt Butler's offer of leadership of the religious group in 1988 and chose to continue to work alone. During the past twenty years, he has had limited influence except for rare postings on the internet. His essay ""Leaderless Resistance"" has been translated into seven languages. Louis Beam Louis Ray Beam, Jr. (born 1946) is an American white nationalist. After high-school, he joined the United States Army and served as a helicopter door-gunner in Vietnam. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Once he returned to the U.S. he"
"Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations from 2002 to 2008, wrote in a letter published in ""The New York Times"" on January 19, 2008: A variety of sources, including CNN journalist Peter Bergen, Pakistani ISI Brigadier Mohammad Yousaf, and CIA operatives involved in the Afghan program, such as Vincent Cannistraro, deny that the CIA or other American officials had contact with the foreign mujahideen or bin Laden, let alone armed, trained, coached or indoctrinated them. Bergen and others argue that there was no need to recruit foreigners unfamiliar with the local language, customs or lay of the land"
"military honors. His wife, Taffy Bates, died in Florida, Sunday, October 19, 2014. She was 96. Born Helen Rosen in Queens, New York, ""Taffy,"" a name she fashioned for herself, volunteered for duty as an Army nurse during World War II. Paul L. Bates Paul Levern Bates (March 4, 1908 – February 21, 1995) was a United States Army officer. He served a distinguished and decorated career in the United States Army, which most notably included commanding the first black tank battalion to enter combat in World War II. He also became well known as the white colonel who refused"
"Clay v. United States Clay v. United States, , was Muhammad Ali's appeal of his conviction in 1967 for refusing to report for induction into the United States military forces during the Vietnam War. His local draft board had rejected his application for conscientious objector classification. In a unanimous 8-0 ruling (Thurgood Marshall recused himself due to his previous involvement in the case as a Justice department official), the United States Supreme Court reversed the conviction that had been upheld by the Fifth Circuit. The Supreme Court found the government had failed to properly specify why Ali's application had been"
"resisters. For example, many people paid attention in 1966 when Green Beret Master Sergeant Donald Duncan returned from Vietnam saying publicly that ""The Whole Thing was a Lie!"" and also when three U.S. Army soldiers, known as the Fort Hood Three, refused to be deployed to Vietnam. Additionally, as founding members of MDM, the Ducks helped initiate one of the most well known and influential antiwar and GI resistance organizations in the Vietnam era. GI's Against Fascism GI's Against Fascism was a small, short-lived organization formed within the U.S. Navy during the years of conscription and the Vietnam War. The"
"U.S. vice president Henry Wallace. Winter did not join the ""Österreichische Bataillon"" initiated by Otto von Habsburg, because he had his skiing instructor exam. As a member of the ""Ski Patrol System"" he received a letter from the U.S. minister of war, who planned to set up a mountain division. On his 18th birthday, he joined the U.S. Army, though he wrote on his application form: ""volunteer to join for the liberation of my home country Austria, but I am not willing to kill."" The main reason of his strict attitude was that he had seen pictures of the Nazi"
"wars from 1859 to 1891. Frontier Scouts included; black, native and mixed blood individuals. Native involvement in military service come from different tribes and regions across the United States including Narragansett, Mohegan, Apache, Navajo and Alaska Natives (who would become involved in the 1940s). One of the most notable U.S. Army Indian Scouts is Curley, a member of the Crow tribe who became a scout in April 1876 under Colonel John Gibbon. He then joined General Custer. Curley is most often identified as the lone survivor of ""Custer's Last Stand"". He denied witnessing the battle. The Chicago Tribune published an"
"Murder of Barry Winchell Barry Winchell (August 31, 1977 – July 6, 1999) was an infantry soldier in the United States Army, whose murder by a fellow soldier, Calvin Glover, became a point of reference in the ongoing debate about the policy known as ""Don't ask, don't tell"", which did not allow U.S. military gays, bisexuals, and lesbians to be open about their sexual orientation. (Winchell was dating a transgender woman, Calpernia Addams). A native of Missouri, Winchell enlisted in the Army in 1997 and was transferred in 1998 to Fort Campbell, Kentucky. As a Private First Class, he was"
"the Armed Forces. Norman Mineta recounted: ""And this isn't a question of being politically correct. it's a question of decency. I mean, why is it that we are considered foreign? It just blows my mind. I remember when Admiral Ming Chang got a call from a reporter one day, and he was recounting that the reporter asked him if he was a U.S. citizen. He says, Yes he was. 'Were you born here?' 'No, I came to the United States in 1950 [sic] (actually 1946) as a young boy from Shanghai.' 'And so, what did you do to get your"
"a Private in the United States Army. While stationed in the South, he ""waged a one man battle against Jim Crow from inside the army"". He challenged the racial order with provocative statements to his fellow soldiers. This resulted in an overseeing officer filing a court-martial proceeding against Williams. Williams argued his own case and was found not guilty. While considering filing countercharges against the officer that had brought him up for court martial, Williams found himself transferred to Korea. Upon arriving there, Williams marked ""Caucasian"" for race on his personnel form. When challenged on this, Williams replied wryly if"
"didn't know whether his alleged call to Rose ""was the absolute reason he got in the Guard. ... Sid Adger, and not the Bush family came to see me, to ask me to get-- President Bush-- George W. Bush into the National Guard, which I made the call to Gen. Rose. And he was accepted. Whether he was accepted solely because of my call, I do not know."" Barnes has denied getting any request from George W. Bush or his father for help in joining the Guard, and then Col. Walter Staudt denied receiving any requests to admit Bush..By the"
"of all wars, to which the draft board denied. Louis Negre sought objection to Vietnam on the grounds of religious objection to what he as a Catholic referred to as ""unjust killings."" Inevitably, Negre was deployed against his will to Vietnam after “the Army 'assigned four enlisted personnel to seize his arms and legs and carry him on board the aircraft which carried him to Vietnam.'” In a post-decision interview Negre clarifies the incorrect Court description of his pacifism by claiming ""I want to say that I am not a pacifist, but I did not oppose other wars at the"