"that of the English inventor John Burberry. The term hurdy-gurdy is sometimes mistakenly applied to a small, portable barrel organ that was frequently played by organ grinders and buskers (street musicians), but the two terms should not be confused. Although the hurdy-gurdy is also powered by a crank and often used by street performers, it produces sound with a rosin-covered wheel rotated against tuned strings. Another key difference is that the hurdy-gurdy player is free to play any tune he or she desires, while the barrel organist is generally confined to pre-programmed tunes. Some also confuse the barrel organ with"
"Barrel organ A barrel organ (or roller organ) is a mechanical musical instrument consisting of bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated. The basic principle is the same as a traditional pipe organ, but rather than being played by an organist, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. The pieces of music are encoded onto wooden barrels (or cylinders), which are analogous to the keyboard of the traditional pipe organ. A person (or in some"
"cases, a trained animal) which plays a barrel organ is known as an organ grinder. There are many names for the barrel organ, such as hand organ, cylinder organ, box organ (though that can also mean a positive organ), street organ, grinder organ, and Low Countries organ. In French names include ""orgue à manivelle"" (""crank organ"") and ""orgue de Barbarie"" (""Barbary organ""); German names include ""Drehorgel"" (""crank organ""), ""Leierkasten"" (""brace box""), and ""Walzenorgel"" (""cylinder organ""); Hungarian names include ""verkli"" (from Austrian-German ""Werkl""), ""sípláda"" (""whistle chest"") and ""kintorna"" (from Bayern-Austrian ""Kinterne""); Italian names include ""organetto a manovella"" (""crank organ"") and ""organo"
"organs were often converted, or newly built, to play music rolls or book music rather than barrels. This allows a much greater variety of melodies to be played. Barrel organ A barrel organ (or roller organ) is a mechanical musical instrument consisting of bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated. The basic principle is the same as a traditional pipe organ, but rather than being played by an organist, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or"
"tedesco"" (""German organ""); the Polish name is ""katarynka"". However, several of these names include types of mechanical organs for which the music is encoded as book music or by holes on a punched paper tape instead of by pins on a barrel. While many of these terms refer to the physical operation of the crank, some refer to an exotic origin. The French name ""orgue de Barbarie"", suggesting barbarians, has been explained as a corruption of, variously, the terms ""bara"" (""bread"") and ""gwen"" (""wine"") in the Breton language, the surname of an early barrel-organ manufacturer from Modena, Giovanni Barberi, or"
"rolls, and more recently by electronic modules. The French call the barrel organ the ""Orgue de Barbarie"" (""Barbary organ""), while the Germans and Dutch say ""Drehorgel"" and ""draaiorgel"" (""turned organ""), instead of ""Drehleier"" (""turning lyre""). In Czech, the barrel organ is called ""Flašinet"". A person who plays the hurdy-gurdy is called a hurdy-gurdyist, or (particularly for players of French instruments) viellist. In France, a player is called un sonneur de vielle (literally: """"a sounder of vielle""""), un vielleux or un vielleur. Because of the prominence of the French tradition, many instrument and performance terms used in English are commonly taken"
"the steam organ or calliope. In the United Kingdom barrel pianos, particularly those played in the streets, are frequently called barrel organs. The pieces of music (or tunes) are encoded onto the barrel using metal pins and staples. Pins are used for short notes, and staples of varying lengths for longer notes. Each barrel usually carried several different tunes. Pinning such barrels was something of an art form, and the quality of the music produced by a barrel organ is largely a function of the quality of its pinning. The organ barrels must be sturdy to maintain precise alignment over"
"Mechanical organ A mechanical organ is an organ that is self-playing, rather than played by a musician. For example, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. Usually, mechanical organs are pipe organs although some instruments were built using reeds similar to those found in a harmonium. Since the 1950s, some instruments have been built using electronics to generate the sound, though still operated by mechanical or pneumatic means. From the 1990s pipe organs have been built that are operated by MIDI rather than the earlier mechanical means."
"Barrel piano A barrel piano (also known as a ""roller piano"") is a forerunner of the modern player piano. Unlike the pneumatic player piano, a barrel piano is usually powered by turning a hand crank, though coin-operated models powered by clockwork were used to provide music in establishments such as pubs and cafés. Barrel pianos were popular with street musicians, who sought novel instruments that were also highly portable. They are frequently confused with barrel organs, but are quite different instruments. The central element of the barrel piano is a wooden barrel covered in strategically placed pins that play the"
"One of the used instruments is ""De Lange Gavioli"" that can be heard since a long restoration was fulfilled in 2016. An organ that was borrowed for some years, was ""the Pod"" (), a ""sister organ"" of the ""Schuyt""; the latter one was build by Carl Frei, shortly later than ""Het Kunkels Orgel"". Next to that, the museum frequently organizes barrel organ events. Barrel Organ Museum Haarlem Barrel Organ Museum Haarlem (Dutch: Draaiorgelmuseum Haarlem) is a museum in Haarlem in the Netherlands. Next to the presentation of a variety of barrel organs, accessory objects and documentation material, there is a"
"Cooke . Befriended by the Charles Wesley, Jack made contacts in the London musical world . He returned to become organist at St John's Church, on an organ he had helped build. Elizabeth was married to Thomas Green, a schoolmaster at Winnwick Grammar School. On his death, his son Jack succeeded him as organist of Lancaster Priory, and then called himself John. Jack used to act as a 'country friend' for Broadwood Pianos. Grove's Dictionary of Music defines a barrel organ as: A mechanical organ in which a cylinder with protruding pins slowly revolves; the pins raise keys which operate"
"the instrument has been revived, musicians have used it in a variety of styles of music (see the list of recordings that use hurdy-gurdy), including contemporary forms not typically associated with it. In the eighteenth century, the term ""hurdy-gurdy"" was also applied to a small, portable ""barrel organ"" (a cranked box instrument with a number of organ pipes, a bellows and a barrel with pins that rotated and programmed the tunes) that was frequently played by poor buskers (street musicians). Barrel organs require only the turning of the crank to play; the music is coded by pinned barrels, perforated paper"
"Residence organ A residence organ (also known variously as a house, box, cabinet, choir, continuo, home, practice, trunk, or chamber organ) is a musical organ installed in a personal home. Strictly speaking, the names ""residence"" and ""house"" organ are the most correct, the others being types of organs that can physically be used as residence organs, but that are not restricted to use solely in that context, and can also be used in, say, small churches, theatres, and so forth. A portative organ or a positive organ (which are also, but imprecisely, known as ""box"", ""trunk"", and ""cabinet"" organs) can"
"Ribauldequin A Ribauldequin, also known as a rabauld, ribault, ribaudkin, infernal machine or organ gun, was a late medieval volley gun with many small-caliber iron barrels set up parallel on a platform, in use during the 14th and 15th centuries. When the gun was fired in a volley, it created a shower of iron shot. They were employed, specifically, during the early fifteenth century, and continued serving, mostly, as an anti-personnel gun. The name ""organ gun"" comes from the resemblance of the multiple barrels to a pipe organ. As an early type of multiple barrel firearm, the ""ribauldequin"" is sometimes"
"Originally, the music for mechanical organs was stored by pins on a large barrel. Such instruments were called barrel organs. Such organs only have a very limited repertoire, both in the number of musical selections that could be stored, and the length of tune that could be accommodated. In the 1890s, book music was invented. This meant that the length of music was no longer constrained. Being physically much smaller than a barrel for a similar instrument, it is much easier to manipulate the music, and so a greater variety of music could be played. Rather than the book music,"
"Barrel Organ Museum Haarlem Barrel Organ Museum Haarlem (Dutch: Draaiorgelmuseum Haarlem) is a museum in Haarlem in the Netherlands. Next to the presentation of a variety of barrel organs, accessory objects and documentation material, there is a ball room where music of the organs is being played. The museum was opened in 1969 by the foundation Het Kunkels Orgel. Since 2014 it has its current location at a business park at the Küppersweg. The history of the museum starts in 1958 when a big dance organ was obtained, made by Marenghi/Carl Frei of organ builder Kunkels from Roermond. The goal"
"it is considered lucky for a couple in Denmark to have a barrel organ playing outside on the morning of their 25th wedding anniversary, thus creating a small niche for professional musicians or musicologists capable of tuning one of the few surviving barrel organs, and interested in maintaining an old tradition in their spare time. A few organ grinders still remain, perhaps most famously Joe Bush in the United States. In addition to a few antique barrel organs, there are many more modern organs that have been built. These do not operate on pinned barrels anymore, but use perforated paper"
"Barker lever The Barker lever is a pneumatic system which multiplies the force of a finger on the key of a tracker pipe organ. It employs the wind pressure of the organ to inflate small bellows called ""pneumatics"" to overcome the resistance of the pallets (valves) in the organ's wind-chest . This lever allowed for the development of larger, more powerful organs still responsive to the human hand. These larger organs first flourished in France, e.g., the organ produced by Cavaillé-Coll at St. Sulpice. The first Barker lever was built in the Cavaillé-Coll organ of the Basilica of Saint-Denis. This"
"of the pipes can be replaced. Non-piped organs include the reed organ or harmonium, which like the accordion and harmonica (or ""mouth organ"") use air to excite free reeds. Electronic organs or digital organs, notably the Hammond organ, generate electronically produced sound through one or more loudspeakers. Mechanical organs include the barrel organ, water organ, and Orchestrion. These are controlled by mechanical means such as pinned barrels or book music. Little barrel organs dispense with the hands of an organist and bigger organs are powered in most cases by an organ grinder or today by other means such as an"
"Positive organ A positive organ (also positiv organ, positif organ, portable organ, chair organ, or simply positive, positiv, positif, or chair) (from the Latin verb ""ponere"", ""to place"") is a small, usually one-manual, pipe organ that is built to be more or less mobile. It was common in sacred and secular music between the 10th and the 18th centuries, in chapels and small churches, as a chamber organ and for the basso continuo in ensemble works. The smallest common kind of positive, hardly higher than the keyboard, is called chest or box organ and is especially popular nowadays for basso"
"Portative organ A portative organ (portatif organ, portativ organ, or simply portative, portatif, or portativ) (from the Latin verb ""portare"", ""to carry""), also known during Italian Trecento as the ""organetto"", is a small pipe organ that consists of one rank of flue pipes, sometimes arranged in two rows, to be played while strapped to the performer at a right angle. The performer manipulates the bellows with one hand and fingers the keys with the other. The portative organ lacks a reservoir to retain a supply of wind, thus it will only produce sound while the bellows are being operated. The"
"instrument. Langshaw Barrel Organ (Lancaster) The chamber barrel organ by John Langshaw in the collections of Lancashire Museums is currently on display at the Judges' Lodgings museum in the city of Lancaster, England. The organ was built c 1790 and is of a size suitable for use in a middle-class home. It has four ranks of pipes (stops) and three barrels. The barrels are inscribed ""John Langshaw / Organ Maker / Lancaster"", and are assumed to be the barrels originally housed in the instrument. The mahogany case is attributed to Gillows, a Lancaster furniture making firm with which Langshaw is"
"barrel organs and barrel pianos consisting of a barrel or cylinder with pins or a flat metal disc with punched holes; or mechanical organs, player pianos and orchestrions using book music / music rolls (piano rolls) with punched holes, etc. These instruments were disseminated widely as popular entertainment devices prior to the inventions of phonographs, radios, and sound films which eventually eclipsed all such home music production devices. Of them all, punched-paper-tape media had been used until the mid-20th century. The earliest programmable music synthesizers including the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer in 1957, and the Siemens Synthesizer in 1959,"
"or converted to electrical power. Eventually, many large barrel organs had their barrel actions removed and were converted to play a different format of music, such as cardboard books or paper rolls. Especially in churches, some large barrel organs were built as ""barrel and finger"" organs. Such instruments are furnished with a normal organ keyboard, in addition to the automatic mechanism, making it possible to play them by hand when a human organist is available. The barrels were often out of sight. At the beginning of the 20th century, large barrel organs intended for use as fairground organs or street"
"some instruments are operated by a music roll. In the movie ""The Great Race"" (1965) Professor Fate, with bandaged thumbs, is shown pretending to play a mechanical organ. Mechanical organ A mechanical organ is an organ that is self-playing, rather than played by a musician. For example, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. Usually, mechanical organs are pipe organs although some instruments were built using reeds similar to those found in a harmonium. Since the 1950s, some instruments have been built using electronics to generate the"
"replace the barrel with another one. While not a difficult operation, barrels are unwieldy and expensive, so many organ grinders have only one barrel for their instrument. A set of levers called keys is positioned just above the surface of the barrel. Each key corresponds to one pitch. A rod is connected to the rear of each key. The other end of the rod is a metal pin which operates a valve within the wind chest. When the instrument is played (by turning the crank), offsets on the crank shaft cause bellows to open and close to produce pressurized air."
"time, since they play the same programming role as music rolls and have to endure significant mechanical strain. Damage to the barrel, such as warpage, would have a direct (and usually detrimental) effect on the music produced. The size of the barrel will depend on the number of notes in the organ and the length of the tune to be played. The more notes, the longer the barrel. The longer the tune, the greater the diameter. Since the music is hard-coded onto the barrel, the only way for a barrel organ to play a different set of tunes is to"
"Baritone horn The baritone horn, or sometimes just called baritone, is a low-pitched brass instrument in the saxhorn family. It is a piston-valve brass instrument with a bore that is mostly conical, like the flugelhorn and alto (tenor) horn, but is narrower than the conical bore of the euphonium. It uses a wide-rimmed cup mouthpiece like that of its peers, the trombone and euphonium. Like the trombone and the euphonium, the baritone horn can be considered either a transposing or non-transposing instrument. In the UK, the baritone horn is frequently found in brass bands. In concert band music, there is"
"Langshaw Barrel Organ (Lancaster) The chamber barrel organ by John Langshaw in the collections of Lancashire Museums is currently on display at the Judges' Lodgings museum in the city of Lancaster, England. The organ was built c 1790 and is of a size suitable for use in a middle-class home. It has four ranks of pipes (stops) and three barrels. The barrels are inscribed ""John Langshaw / Organ Maker / Lancaster"", and are assumed to be the barrels originally housed in the instrument. The mahogany case is attributed to Gillows, a Lancaster furniture making firm with which Langshaw is known"
"Barrel (horology) Used in mechanical watches and clocks, a barrel is a cylindrical metal box closed by a cover, with a ring of gear teeth around it, containing a spiral spring called the mainspring, which provides power to run the timepiece. The barrel turns on an arbor (axle). The spring is hooked to the barrel at its outer end and to the arbor at its inner end. The barrel teeth engage the first pinion of the wheel train of the watch, usually the center wheel. Barrels rotate slowly: for a watch mainspring barrel, the rate is usually one rotation every"
"a wedding (usually performing the ""Lohengrin"" tune) or at any other event where he might be chosen over hiring an entire band or a deejay. Larger organs are not usually turned by hand, but use an electric motor. Such larger instruments are called a fairground organ, band organ or orchestrion. In the United Kingdom, many incorrectly use the term ""street organ"" to refer to a mechanically played, piano-like instrument also known as a barrel piano. Dutch street organs (unlike the simple street organ) are large organs that play book music. They are equipped with multiple ranks of pipes and percussion."
"possibly formed part of the mechanism for the sliders of the keys. The small instrument is often taken for a syrinx on a contorniate medallion of Sallust in the Cabinet Impérial de France in Paris may be meant for a miniature portative. Portative organ A portative organ (portatif organ, portativ organ, or simply portative, portatif, or portativ) (from the Latin verb ""portare"", ""to carry""), also known during Italian Trecento as the ""organetto"", is a small pipe organ that consists of one rank of flue pipes, sometimes arranged in two rows, to be played while strapped to the performer at a"
"Pump organ The pump organ, reed organ, harmonium, or melodeon is a type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. The piece of metal is called a reed. More portable than pipe organs, free-reed organs were widely used in smaller churches and in private homes in the 19th century, but their volume and tonal range were limited. They generally had one or sometimes two manuals, with pedal-boards being rare. The finer pump organs had a wider range of tones, and the cabinets of those intended for churches and"