"Western Australia in the early part of the 20th century. The stinkhorn-like species ""Aseroë rubra"" is significant in that it is the first fungus species known to have been introduced in the other direction, namely to Europe, from Australia. It was recorded growing on soil transported from Australia in a glasshouse in Kew Gardens in 1829. Rust fungi are a large group of plant parasites. Many of them are highly host-specific. Some cause significant losses to economic crops, and where the crop itself is an introduction to Australia, the rusts on that crop may also be non-native. Rusts on native"
"Lysurus periphragmoides Lysurus periphragmoides, commonly known as the stalked lattice stinkhorn or chambered stinkhorn, is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It was originally described as ""Simblum periphragmoides"" in 1831, and has been known as many different names before being transferred to ""Lysurus"" in 1980. The saprobic fungus has a pantropical distribution, and has been found in Africa, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas, where it grows on fertile ground and on mulch. The fruit body, which can extend up to tall, consists of a reddish latticed head (a receptaculum) placed on top of a long stalk. A dark"
"1921. The specific epithet honors Gerold Stahel who collected the type specimen in Suriname. The fungus has been called the ""strangled stinkhorn"". Like all stinkhorns, the fruit body begins its development as a partially submerged ""egg"" form attached to rhizomorphs. The egg is roughly ovoid, measuring by . The fruit body consists of a spongy, hollow white stalk between tall, with a collar of greenish-brown gleba positioned above the center, but below the apex. The glebal band is constricted compared to the width of the remainder of the stalk, between thick. The cap, or receptaculum, is at the top of"
"Mutinus elegans Mutinus elegans, commonly known as the elegant stinkhorn, the dog stinkhorn, faeces carota, the headless stinkhorn, or the devil's dipstick, is a species of fungus in the Phallaceae family. A saprobic species, it is typically found growing on the ground singly or in small groups on woody debris or leaf litter, during summer and autumn in Japan, Europe, and eastern North America. The fruit body begins its development in an ""egg"" form, resembling somewhat a puffball partially submerged in the ground. As the fungus matures, a slender orange to pink colored stalk emerges that tapers evenly to a"
"Rhus typhina Rhus typhina, the staghorn sumac, is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae, native to eastern North America. It is primarily found in southeastern Canada, the northeastern and midwestern United States and the Appalachian Mountains, but is widely cultivated as an ornamental throughout the temperate world. The specific epithet ""typhina"" is explained in Linnaeus's and Ericus Torner's description of the plant with the phrase ""Ramis hirtis uti typhi cervini"" meaning ""the branches are rough like antlers in velvet"". ""Rhus typhina"" is a dioecious, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to tall by broad. It has"
"Phallus hadriani Phallus hadriani, commonly known as the dune stinkhorn, is a species of fungus in the Phallaceae (stinkhorn) family. It is a widely distributed species, and is native to Asia, Europe, and North America. In Australia, it is probably an introduced species. The stalk of the fruit body reaches up to tall by thick, and is spongy, fragile, and hollow. At the top of the stem is a ridged and pitted, thimble-like cap over which is spread olive-colored spore slime (gleba). Shortly after emerging, the gleba liquefies and releases a fetid odor that attracts insects, which help disperse the"
"stinkhorn is whitish or pinkish, egg-shaped, and typically by .On the outside is a thick whitish volva, also known as the peridium, covering the olive-colored gelatinous gleba. It is the latter that contains the spores and later stinks and attracts the flies; within this layer is a green layer which will become the 'head' of the expanded fruit body; and inside this is a white structure called the receptaculum (the stalk when expanded), that is hard, but has an airy structure like a sponge. The eggs become fully grown stinkhorns very rapidly, over a day or two. The mature stinkhorn"
"grows among bamboo forests, and typically fruits after heavy rains. The method of reproduction for stinkhorns, including ""P. indusiatus"", is different from most agaric mushrooms, which forcibly eject their spores. Stinkhorns instead produce a sticky spore mass that has a sharp, sickly-sweet odor of carrion. The cloying stink of mature fruit bodies—detectable from a considerable distance—is attractive to certain insects. Species recorded visiting the fungus include stingless bees of the genus ""Trigona"", and flies of the families Drosophilidae and Muscidae. Insects assist in spore dispersal by consuming the gleba and depositing excrement containing intact spores to germinate elsewhere. Although the"
"Clathrus columnatus Clathrus columnatus, commonly known as the column stinkhorn, is a saprobic species of basidiomycete fungus in the family Phallaceae. It has a widespread distribution, and has been found in Africa, Australasia, and the Americas. It may have been introduced to North America with exotic plants. Similar to other stinkhorn fungi, the fruiting body, known as the ""receptaculum"", starts out as a subterranean ""egg"" form. As the fungus develops, the receptaculum expands and erupts out of the protective volva, ultimately developing into mature structures characterized by two to five long vertical orange or red spongy columns, joined together at"
"""Lysurus periphragmoides"" has a pantropical distribution. The fungus has been reported from Africa (Mauritius, Tanzania), Asia (Jilin Province, China, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Indonesia), Australasia (New Guinea), North America (Bahamas, Dominica, Mexico) and South America (Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela). The distribution extends north to the Ryukyu Islands in Asia. It is fairly common in South America, but is usually restricts its appearance to periods of wet weather in southern North America. Lysurus periphragmoides Lysurus periphragmoides, commonly known as the stalked lattice stinkhorn or chambered stinkhorn, is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It was originally described as"
"Phallus (fungus) The genus Phallus, commonly known as stinkhorns, are a group of basidiomycetes which produce a phallic, often foul-scented, mushroom, from which their name is derived. The genus has a widespread distribution and, according to a 2008 estimate, contains 18 species. They belong to the family Phallaceae in the order Phallales. The best known species (and type species) is the common stinkhorn (""Phallus impudicus""). The genus was first mentioned in the literature by the Dutch botanist Hadrianus Junius (1511–1575), who, in 1564 wrote a short book published in Delft on the ""Phallus in Hollandia"", describing a mushroom in the"
"Staheliomyces Staheliomyces is a fungal genus in the stinkhorn family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single neotropical species Staheliomyces cinctus, also known as the strangled stinkhorn. It is found in Central America and northern South America. The fruit body of the fungus is a hollow, whitish, cylindric stalk up to tall, with conspicuous pits and holes. Near the top of the stalk is a pinched-off zone covered with unpleasant-smelling slimy spore mass called gleba. The gleba attracts insects like stingless bees that help disseminate the spores. The genus was first described scientifically by the German mycologist Eduard Fischer in"
"The plant is rich in tannins and can be added to other dye baths to improve light fastness. The leaves may be harvested in the summer and the bark all year round. Rhus typhina Rhus typhina, the staghorn sumac, is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae, native to eastern North America. It is primarily found in southeastern Canada, the northeastern and midwestern United States and the Appalachian Mountains, but is widely cultivated as an ornamental throughout the temperate world. The specific epithet ""typhina"" is explained in Linnaeus's and Ericus Torner's description of the plant with the phrase"
"Phallaceae Phallaceae is a family of fungi, commonly known as stinkhorn mushrooms, within the order Phallales. Stinkhorns have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical regions. They are known for their foul-smelling, sticky spore masses, or gleba, borne on the end of a stalk called the receptaculum. The characteristic fruiting-body structure, a single, unbranched receptaculum with an externally attached gleba on the upper part, distinguishes the Phallaceae from other families in the Phalalles. The spore mass typically smells of carrion or dung, and attracts flies, beetles and other insects to help disperse the spores. Although there is great"
"spores. Said to be edible in its immature egg-like stage, it typically grows in public lawns, yards and gardens, usually in sandy soils. ""Phallus hadriani"" may be distinguished from the similar ""P. impudicus"" (the common stinkhorn) by the presence of a pink or violet-colored volva at the base of the stem, and by differences in odor. The species was first described scientifically by the French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat in 1798, and sanctioned by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon under that name in his 1801 ""Synopsis Methodica Fungorum"". Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck called the species ""Hymenophallus hadriani"" in 1817; this"
"soils, and live in symbiosis with xerophilous grasses and the black locust tree, ""Robinia pseudoacacia"". The mushroom is one of three species protected by the Red Data Book of Latvia. Phallus hadriani Phallus hadriani, commonly known as the dune stinkhorn, is a species of fungus in the Phallaceae (stinkhorn) family. It is a widely distributed species, and is native to Asia, Europe, and North America. In Australia, it is probably an introduced species. The stalk of the fruit body reaches up to tall by thick, and is spongy, fragile, and hollow. At the top of the stem is a ridged"
"Phallus indusiatus Phallus indusiatus, commonly called the bamboo fungus, bamboo pith, long net stinkhorn, crinoline stinkhorn or veiled lady, is a fungus in the family Phallaceae, or stinkhorns. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical areas, and is found in southern Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia, where it grows in woodlands and gardens in rich soil and well-rotted woody material. The fruit body of the fungus is characterised by a conical to bell-shaped cap on a stalk and a delicate lacy ""skirt"", or indusium, that hangs from beneath the cap and reaches nearly to the ground. First described scientifically"
"Mutinus caninus Mutinus caninus, commonly known as the dog stinkhorn, is a small thin, phallus-shaped woodland fungus, with a dark tip. It is often found growing in small groups on wood debris, or in leaf litter, during summer and autumn in Europe, Asia, and eastern North America. It is not generally considered edible, although there are reports of the immature 'eggs' being consumed. The genus name ""Mutinus"" was a phallic deity, Mutinus Mutunus (known to the Greeks as Priapus), one of the Roman ""di indigetes"" placated by Roman brides, and ""caninus"" means ""dog-like"" in Latin. ""Mutinus"" is the diminutive of"
"be sure to wear gloves. Dittrichia graveolens Dittrichia graveolens, commonly known as stinkwort or stinking fleabane, is a plant species in the sunflower family, native to southern Europe, North Africa, and western Asia as far east as Pakistan. It has become naturalized in California, Asia, Africa, Australia, and other places and is regarded as a noxious weed in some regions. It is a classified as an invasive species in California, and a potential threat to wine production in the state. ""Dittrichia graveolens"" is a branching subshrub up to 130 cm (52 inches) tall, with a rank, foul smell. Leaves are"
"3–5 to 1.5–2.5 µm. In North America, ""Phallus impudicus"" can be distinguished from the very similar ""P. hadriani"" by the latter's purplish-tinted volva. The dispersal of spores is different from most ""typical"" mushrooms that spread their spores through the air. Stinkhorns instead produce a sticky spore mass on their tip which has a sharp, sickly-sweet odor of carrion to attract flies and other insects. Odorous chemicals in the gleba include methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide, linalool, ""trans""-ocimene, phenylacetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide. The latter compound has been found to be emitted from fungating cancerous wounds. The mature fruiting bodies can be"
"the effect, but none has succeeded. No major science journal has published the study, and there are no studies where the results have been reproduced. Phallus indusiatus Phallus indusiatus, commonly called the bamboo fungus, bamboo pith, long net stinkhorn, crinoline stinkhorn or veiled lady, is a fungus in the family Phallaceae, or stinkhorns. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical areas, and is found in southern Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia, where it grows in woodlands and gardens in rich soil and well-rotted woody material. The fruit body of the fungus is characterised by a conical to bell-shaped cap"
"include ""Dictyophora duplicata"" and ""Hymenophallus duplicatus"". It is commonly known as the netted stinkhorn or the wood witch. Immature fruit bodies are roughly spherical, whitish to pink in color, and have thick rhizomorphs at the base. Fully grown and matured, the fruit body is cylindrical and up to tall. A bell-shaped to oval cap is at the top of the stalk, which measures and wide. Its surface is covered with chambers and pits, and there is a perforation at the tip with a white rim. A white, lacy, skirt-like veil, or ""indusium"", hangs below the cap. The cap is initially"
"Phallus impudicus Phallus impudicus, known colloquially as the common stinkhorn, is a widespread fungus recognizable for its foul odor and its phallic shape when mature, the latter feature giving rise to several names in 17th-century England. It is a common mushroom in Europe and North America, where it occurs in habitats rich in wood debris such as forests and mulched gardens. It appears from summer to late autumn. The fruiting structure is tall and white with a slimy, dark olive colored conical head. Known as the gleba, this material contains the spores, and is transported by insects which are attracted"
"Dittrichia graveolens Dittrichia graveolens, commonly known as stinkwort or stinking fleabane, is a plant species in the sunflower family, native to southern Europe, North Africa, and western Asia as far east as Pakistan. It has become naturalized in California, Asia, Africa, Australia, and other places and is regarded as a noxious weed in some regions. It is a classified as an invasive species in California, and a potential threat to wine production in the state. ""Dittrichia graveolens"" is a branching subshrub up to 130 cm (52 inches) tall, with a rank, foul smell. Leaves are long and narrow, pointed at"
"at above sea level. Phallus calongei Phallus calongei is a species of stinkhorn mushroom. Found in Pakistan, it was described as new to science in 2009. Starting out as an ""egg"", the fully expanded fruit body consists of a single, thick, stipe with a cap attached to the apex and covered with olive-green, slimy spore-containing gleba. It is distinguished from other similar ""Phallus"" species by a combination of features, including a pinkish, reticulated (network-like) cap, and a stipe that is tapered at both ends. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. ""Phallus calongei"" was discovered on June 16, 2008, near"
"fungus is native to Asia, and is also found in Australia, Europe and North America, where it is probably an introduced species. It has been used medicinally in China as an ulcer remedy. The species was first described by the Catholic Priest and missionary Pierre-Martial Cibot in the publication ""Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae"" (New memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg) (1775), where he reported finding it near Peking (now Beijing). This finding represents the earliest published scientific record of a fungus from China. Cibot's original name for the lantern stinkhorn, ""Phallus mokusin"", was sanctioned"
"The stinkhorns and their allies, including the genera ""Phallus"", ""Mutinus"", ""Clathrus"", and ""Lysurus"", form spores within internally gelatinous, puffball-like 'eggs'. At maturity the eggs split and various strange spore-receptacles emerge. The spores are coated with an evil-smelling slime that attracts flies—these being the agents of dispersal. The bird's nest fungi, which include the genera ""Cyathus"" and ""Crucibulum"", form miniature, egg-like packets of spores within cup-shaped fruit bodies. These packets of spores are ejected by rain-splash and may land some distance away, the packets gradually wearing away to release the spores themselves. False truffles in such genera as ""Rhizopogon"", ""Hymenogaster"", and"
"Acantholimon Acantholimon (prickly thrift) is a genus of small flowering plants within the plumbago or leadwort family, Plumbaginaceae. They are distributed from southeastern Europe to central Asia and also in South America, but also cultivated elsewhere in rock gardens. The evergreen subshrubs are generally cushion to mat-forming, with densely tufted shoots bearing mostly awl (long, pointed spike) to needle or grass-like, prickle to spine-tipped hard-textured leaves. They have shortish, simple or branched flower stems which can be loose or dense. The summer-borne flowers are composed of a funnel-shaped calyx, usually with a flared membranous margin, and five spreading petals. There"
"the base. The eggs are enclosed in a tough covering and a gelatinous layer that breaks down as the stinkhorn emerges. Mature fruiting bodies, which may be tall by thick, have a white- or cream-colored hollow stipe that is spongy and honeycombed. The head is reticulate, ridged and pitted, and covered with olive green glebal mass. The volva is cuplike, and typically retains its pink color although it may turn brownish with age. Fruit bodies are short-lived, typically lasting only one or two days. Although the odor of ""P. hadriani"" has been described by some authors as faint and pleasant"
"Lysurus mokusin Lysurus mokusin, commonly known as the lantern stinkhorn, the small lizard's claw, or the ribbed lizard claw, is a saprobic species of fungus in the family Phallaceae. The fruit body consists of a reddish, cylindrical fluted stipe that is capped with several ""arms"". The arms can approach or even close in on each other to form a spire. The gleba—an olive-green slimy spore mass—is carried on the outer surface of the arms. The fruit body, which has an odor comparable to ""fresh dog feces"", ""rotting flesh"", or ""sewage"" when mature, is edible in its immature ""egg"" stage. The"
"Aseroe coccinea Aseroe coccinea is a species of stinkhorn fungus in the genus ""Aseroe"". First reported in Japan in 1989, it was not formally validated as a species until 2007, the delay related to a publication error. The receptacle, or fruit body, begins as a partially buried whitish egg-shaped structure, which bursts open as a hollow white stipe with reddish arms, then erupts and grows to a height of up to . It matures into a star-shaped structure with seven to nine thin reddish tubular ""arms"" up to long radiating from the central area. The top of the receptacle is"
"Phallus calongei Phallus calongei is a species of stinkhorn mushroom. Found in Pakistan, it was described as new to science in 2009. Starting out as an ""egg"", the fully expanded fruit body consists of a single, thick, stipe with a cap attached to the apex and covered with olive-green, slimy spore-containing gleba. It is distinguished from other similar ""Phallus"" species by a combination of features, including a pinkish, reticulated (network-like) cap, and a stipe that is tapered at both ends. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. ""Phallus calongei"" was discovered on June 16, 2008, near the Khanspur stream in"
"sessile spores. Although not considered poisonous, ""P. fusiformis"" is not recommended for consumption. Some related species such as ""Phallus impudicus"" or ""Mutinus caninus"" are considered to be edible (or even delicacies) in the immature egg stage; however, the foul smell of stinkhorns at maturity would likely deter most individuals from eating them. The stinkhorn species ""Clathrus columnatus"" somewhat resembles ""P. fusiformis"" in that it has 3 or 4 arms that extend upwards and join at the top. However, unlike ""C. columnatus"", the arms of ""P. fusiformis"" share a common stem, and the immature egg-form is gray or grayish brown, rather"