"Bonfire toffee Bonfire toffee (also known as treacle toffee, Plot toffee, or Tom Trot) is a hard, brittle toffee associated with Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night (also known as ""Bonfire Night"") in the United Kingdom. The toffee tastes very strongly of molasses (black treacle), and cheap versions can be quite bitter. In Scotland, the treat is known as claggum, with less sweet versions known as clack. In Wales, it is known as loshin du. (losin du or taffi triog). The flavour is similar to that of butterscotch, although it is a toffee and never a viscous liquid. The use of"
"effigy) of its current ""Enemies of Bonfire"", who range from nationally reviled figures to local officials who have attempted to place restrictions on the event. In 2001 effigies of Osama bin Laden were burned by the Cliffe, Commercial Square and Lewes Borough bonfire societies, causing the Lewes Bonfire to receive more press attention than usual, being featured on the front page of some national newspapers, as did the Firle Bonfire Society’s 2003 choice of a gypsy caravan. In 2014 police investigated complaints about plans to burn two effigies of Alex Salmond, the First Minister of Scotland, and one model was"
"the United Kingdom. Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605, when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords. Celebrating the fact that King James I had survived the attempt on his life, people lit bonfires around London; and months later, the introduction of the Observance of 5th November Act enforced an annual public day of thanksgiving for the plot's failure. The present-day Guy Fawkes Night is usually celebrated at large organised events, centre on a bonfire and extravagant firework displays. Lewes Bonfire"
"subsequently withdrawn from the event. In 2015 effigies of David Cameron with a pig, Jeremy Clarkson and Sepp Blatter were burned. The ""Daily Telegraph"" has described the night as ""a head-on collision of Halloween and Mardi Gras"". Up to 80,000 people have been known to attend this local spectacle, coming from all over the South and sometimes further afield. As the event has grown in recent years, the police presence on the night has increased to deal with the large crowds attracted to the event. The event is organised by the local bonfire societies, under the auspices of the Lewes"
"describes a set of celebrations held in the town of Lewes, Sussex that constitute the United Kingdom's largest and most famous Bonfire Night festivities, with Lewes being called the bonfire capital of the world. Always held on 5 November (unless the 5th falls on a Sunday, in which case it's held on Saturday 4th), the event not only marks Guy Fawkes Night - the date of the uncovering of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 - but also commemorates the memory of the seventeen Protestant martyrs from the town burned at the stake for their faith during the Marian Persecutions. Christmas"
"as a day of thanksgiving for ""the joyful day of deliverance"", and remained in force until 1859. Fawkes was one of 13 conspirators, but he is the individual most associated with the plot. In Britain, 5 November has variously been called Guy Fawkes Night, Guy Fawkes Day, Plot Night, and Bonfire Night (which can be traced directly back to the original celebration of 5 November 1605). Bonfires were accompanied by fireworks from the 1650s onwards, and it became the custom after 1673 to burn an effigy (usually of the pope) when heir presumptive James, Duke of York converted to Catholicism."
"Guy Fawkes Night Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Day, Bonfire Night and Firework Night, is an annual commemoration observed on 5 November, primarily in the United Kingdom. Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605, when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords. Celebrating the fact that King James I had survived the attempt on his life, people lit bonfires around London; and months later, the introduction of the Observance of 5th November Act enforced an annual public day of"
"bonfires started soon after the Plot's discovery, and fireworks were included in some of the earliest celebrations. In Britain, the 5th of November is variously called Bonfire Night, Fireworks Night, or Guy Fawkes Night. It remains the custom in Britain, on or around 5 November, to let off fireworks. Traditionally, in the weeks running up to the 5th, children made ""guys""—effigies supposedly of Fawkes—usually made from old clothes stuffed with newspaper, and fitted with a grotesque mask, to be burnt on the 5 November bonfire. These guys were exhibited in the street to collect money for fireworks, although this custom"
"were still in conflict, and those who are deported may face execution or torture. McGowan explained the concept of effigy burning to the ""Birmingham Post"": ""There's something English and pagan about it, and it's an interesting way of making a protest. We burn an effigy of Guy Fawkes every year."" The ""Birmingham Post"" also noted that Birmingham City Council would not approve permission for ""any protest of this nature."" McGowan had also announced his intention to burn an effigy of MP Margaret Hodge in response to some of Mrs Hodge's prior comments on the same issues as Liam Byrne. The"
"Tuesday early in November. Notes Footnotes Bibliography Guy Fawkes Night Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Day, Bonfire Night and Firework Night, is an annual commemoration observed on 5 November, primarily in the United Kingdom. Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605, when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords. Celebrating the fact that King James I had survived the attempt on his life, people lit bonfires around London; and months later, the introduction of the Observance of 5th November"
"also held the flame on its journey, including ""Doctor Who"" star Matt Smith, Patrick Stewart, Jamie Oliver, Joanna Lumley and Jennifer Saunders (jointly), Rupert Grint, James McAvoy, Mel C, British/Irish boy band The Wanted, dance troupe/""Britain's Got Talent"" winners Diversity and long time TV presenter, dancer, singer and comedian Sir Bruce Forsyth. The torch had a day outside of the United Kingdom in Dublin on 6 June (as well as visits to the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man). The relay focused on national heritage sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with"
"Midsummer's Eve. Originally fires were lit to honour the goddess Áine as part of a Celtic celebration; the Catholic Church took over the pagan festival and linked it to the birth of St John. In the city of Limerick, ""Bonfire Night"" is held on May Eve, 30 April, on the eve of the Celtic festival of Bealtaine. Bonfire celebrations can pose a risk to public safety due to the possibility of fires, injuries, or fights. For example, in London, calls to firefighting services are nearly tripled on Bonfire Night. In Belfast, the July 2003 Eleventh Night resulted in £10,000 worth"
"the 16th century Protestant martyrs burned at Lewes. In 1981 Ian Paisley visited Lewes on Bonfire Night and tried to fan the flames of conflict by handing out anti-Catholic pamphlets. His intervention back-fired and the following year he was burned in effigy. Today, anti-Catholic attitudes are rare and the militant Calvinism that continues in Northern Ireland is all but extinct in Lewes. In the 21st century, controversy continues to be associated around the Bonfire societies and competing definitions of tradition and bigotry. For instance, the burning in effigy of Pope Paul V was described in 2012 as ""a scandalous piece"
"BBC (now Hit Entertainment) and S4C Cartoon Character Fireman Sam has been used by the UK Government in various fire safety campaigns aimed at young children. Other characters such as 'Frances the Firefly', 'Adam Alarm' and others have also been used. Welephant is currently the Mascot of the Children's Burn Trust. In the fifth episode of the first series of the TV firefighting drama series ""London's Burning"", Leading Fireman Malcolm Cross wears a Welephant costume for a fire station open day. Welephant Welephant is a red elephant cartoon character with a fireman's helmet, originally used as a mascot by fire"
"Airbus A319, with custom gold livery and named ""The Firefly"", flew from Heathrow to Athens to collect the flame. On 18 May the aircraft flew as flight BA2012 from Athens to RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall. The flame was not extinguished during flight, having been classified as a 'ceremonial flame' by the Civil Aviation Authority, but was kept in four Davy lamps secured in a cradle firmly fixed to seats in Row 1. There was enough smokeless fuel to last 30 hours. HRH The Princess Royal, Mayor of London Boris Johnson, Lord Coe, and David Beckham were among 80 invited guests,"
"to remind the general public of their responsibilities for safety and the environment. There are many food items that are associated with Bonfire Night. Toffee apples, treacle toffee, black peas and parkin, and even the jacket potato, are traditionally eaten around Bonfire Night in parts of England. Also, some families eat soups to warm up on a cold night and toast marshmallows over the fire. Bonfire Night Bonfire Night is a name given to various annual celebrations characterised by bonfires and fireworks. The event celebrates different traditions on different dates, depending on the country. Some of the most popular instances"
"the ringing of church bells, which have evolved into the Bonfire Night of today. Between 1533 and 1540, King Henry VIII took control of the English Church from Rome, the start of several decades of religious tension in England. English Catholics struggled in a society dominated by the newly separate and increasingly Protestant Church of England. Henry's daughter, Queen Elizabeth I, responded to the growing religious divide by introducing the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which required anyone appointed to a public or church office to swear allegiance to the monarch as head of the Church and state. The penalties for refusal"
"of Darfuris are being rounded up for deportation, with about 60 asked to report to immigration officials within the next 10 days."" Police and fire authorities halted the Liam Byrne effigy burning; the effigy was confiscated in a tussle by a Birmingham City Council official. McGowan, Goneso and self-styled ""comedy terrorist"" Aaron Barschak were dragged off stage by security guards. ""Artist Sets Fire To Himself"" was a protest stunt against the Iraq War, McGowan planned to set himself on fire in Parliament Square at 6 pm on Guy Fawkes Night, 2007. Andy Hunt, curator at the Chelsea Space, which is"
"met in London with bell-ringing, flag-waving and closed shops. On 23 April, the anniversary of Anne's coronation, a mob met at Snow Hill and made a bonfire under the banner with Anne's picture and the words: “Imitate her who was so Just and Good, / Both in her Actions and her Royal Word” (the latter may have hinted at her supposed promise to restore James Stuart to the throne). The mob burned a picture of William of Orange, broke windows which were not illuminated in celebration near St Andrew's, Holborn and proposed ""to sing the Second Part of the ""Sacheverell-Tune"","
"from Shakespeare's ""Julius Caesar"" or from the character Kurtz in Joseph Conrad's ""Heart of Darkness"" who is referred to as a ""hollow sham"" and ""hollow at the core"". The two epigraphs to the poem, """"Mistah Kurtz – he dead"""" and """"A penny for the Old Guy"""", are allusions to Conrad's character and to Guy Fawkes, attempted arsonist of the English house of Parliament, and his straw-man effigy that is burned each year in the United Kingdom on Guy Fawkes Night, November 5. Eliot’s title, “The Hollow Men”, obliquely acknowledges the bonfires which accompany the celebration of All Hallows’ Eve, falling"
"the night of 25 October every year, as a tradition said to be done since the Dacians. It consists in burning of a tall tree, which resembles the body of a god. It is usually done on a high peak, in order to be seen from far away. In Turkey bonfires lit on Hidirellez Day believed to be the awakening day of nature at the beginning of spring. Celebrated on 5 May. In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries, bonfires are lit on Guy Fawkes Night a yearly celebration held on the evening of 5 November to mark the"
"of each nation of the United Kingdom; Scafell Pike in England, Ben Nevis in Scotland, Slieve Donard in Northern Ireland, and Snowdon in Wales. On 24 August the four flames were used to light ceremonial cauldrons in London, Edinburgh, Belfast and Cardiff during special ""Flame Festival"" events; smaller ""Flame Celebration"" events were also held in various communities over the bank holiday weekend. On 28 August the four flames were united during a ceremony at Stoke Mandeville Stadium. The flame then travelled a route to Olympic Stadium in a 24-hour relay, with 580 torchbearers working in teams of five. After a"
"who fought so gallantly against fire on the streets of London during the Blitz of World War II, when the city was struck by bombs on 57 consecutive nights in a sustained campaign of bombing. It also served as a monument to commemorate the service of firefighters throughout the war. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother unveiled the memorial on 4 May 1991. It was decided in 1998 to make the memorial a national monument that would commemorate not just the firefighters who died in World War II, but the lives of all firefighters throughout the United Kingdom who were killed"
"Lewes Bonfire. Generally, modern 5 November celebrations are run by local charities and other organisations, with paid admission and controlled access. In 1998 an editorial in the ""Catholic Herald"" called for the end of ""Bonfire Night"", labelling it ""an offensive act"". Author Martin Kettle, writing in ""The Guardian"" in 2003, bemoaned an ""occasionally nannyish"" attitude to fireworks that discourages people from holding firework displays in their back gardens, and an ""unduly sensitive attitude"" toward the anti-Catholic sentiment once so prominent on Guy Fawkes Night. David Cressy summarised the modern celebration with these words: ""The rockets go higher and burn with"
"as deliberately provocative and intimidating. On the night before The Twelfth—the ""Eleventh Night""—huge towering bonfires are lit in many Protestant unionist neighbourhoods in Northern Ireland. In many of these areas the bonfires are family-friendly community celebrations. However, not all Protestants attend the bonfires and most Catholics avoid them. They have been condemned for displays of sectarian and ethnic hatred, anti-social behaviour, and for the damage and pollution caused by the fires. The flag of the Republic of Ireland, Irish nationalist symbols, Catholic symbols, and effigies, are usually burnt on the fires. More recently, symbols of the large Polish immigrant community"
"November, and Guy Fawkes Night, November 5. In the UK, responsibility for the safety of firework displays is shared between the Health and Safety Executive, fire brigades and local authorities. Currently, there is no national system of licensing for fireworks operators, but in order to purchase display fireworks, operators must have licensed explosives storage and public liability insurance. Fireworks cannot be sold to people under the age of 18 and are not permitted to be set off between 11pm and 7am with exceptions only for: The legal NEC (Net Explosive Content) of a UK Firework available to the public is"
"of poet John Clare. Astley's Circus is featured prominently in Tracy Chevalier's novel ""Burning Bright."" 31st May 1982 Saw illusionist Fred Van Buren stage the first celebration of Philip Astley in the form of Newcastle-under-Lyme's annual carnival, which had the theme of Philip Astley's Circus. This event began the journey to bring Astley back into the public's awareness. Then in 1992 the British magician illusionist Andrew Van Buren commissioned a life size statue to be made of Philip Astley to celebrate the 250th anniversary of Astley's birth. Van Buren is also the Astley expert, leading light & curator of the"
"ground. Its location was kept secret until the event; during the ceremony some people had speculated that it might be hidden under the Glastonbury Tor model at the end of the stadium. The identity of the athlete who was to light the cauldron also remained secret. It transpired that, to reflect 'Inspire a Generation' theme of the 2012 Games, seven young athletes were chosen for that honour. Sir Steve Redgrave carried the flame into the stadium and passed it on to one of a team of six young athletes and one young volunteer, each nominated by a famous British Olympian."
"orders of Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London — the largest single bonfire of people that ever took place in England. Together with the Gunpowder Plot, the Lewes Martyrs are commemorated annually on or around 5 November by the Bonfire Societies of Lewes and surrounding towns and villages. Lewes Martyrs The Lewes Martyrs were a group of 17 Protestants who were burned at the stake in Lewes, East Sussex, England between 1555 and 1557. These executions were part of the Marian persecutions of Protestants during the reign of Mary I. On 6 June 1556, Thomas Harland of Woodmancote, Near Henfield, West"
"gunfire fired over the coffin. It was a private affair, attended by only 14 mourners. As a further sign of his unpopularity among loyalists, a street disco was held in east Belfast to celebrate his death. Gray's effigy, with a curtain ring representing his trademark single gold earring, was thrown upon a bonfire. In lieu of murals dedicated to his memory, there was only graffiti scrawled on an east Belfast wall which read: ""Jim Gray RIP – Rest in Pink"". Gray's estate was frozen by the Assets Recovery Agency as part of an investigation into his criminality. Jim Gray (UDA"
"or wore costume items referring to the anecdote. At one of the country's biggest Bonfire night celebrations in Lewes, a large effigy of Cameron with a pig's head was processed through the town and then burnt. In November 2015, solicitor Myles Jackman said that performing a sexual act with a dead animal would not be illegal under the Sexual Offences Act 2003. He noted that possessing a photograph of such an act would be illegal under the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 if it was produced for pornographic purposes, but not if the purpose was ""satire, political commentary or"
"before becoming licensed. In March 2007, McGowan announced that as his part of ""The Event"" in Birmingham City Center (an open arts fair supported by Birmingham City Council, The National Lottery, Arts Council England, UCE Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, and the European Regional Development Fund) that he would burn an effigy of Liam Byrne, who was also the local MP for Hodge Hill, Birmingham. McGowan claimed this was in response to Byrne's decision to deport a group of asylum seekers to areas of the world which were dangerous for them to be sent because the regions in question"
"to bring back for their respective events. On 28 August a ceremony was held at Stoke Mandeville Stadium, in honour of Stoke Mandeville's significance to the Paralympic movement, where the four national flames were united in a cauldron at precisely 8:12 pm (20:12) to form a single flame for the relay. The four flames were brought into the stadium by dignitaries, including English Charity Campaigner, TV Presenter And Former model Katie Piper (who began to campaign for burns victims after having acid thrown in her face in 2009 By Starting Her Own Charity The Katie Piper Foundation), former Paralympian Chris"