"as a comet, the celestial body later came to be accepted as a planet. Soon after, the planet was named ""Georgium Sidus"" by Herschel and was called Herschelium in France. The name Uranus, as proposed by Johann Bode, came into widespread usage after Herschel's death. On the theoretical side of astronomy, the English natural philosopher John Michell first proposed the existence of dark stars in 1783. Michell postulated that if the density of a stellar object became great enough, its attractive force would become so large that even light could not escape. He also surmised that the location of a"
"planet rather than a comet. Berlin astronomer Johann Elert Bode described Herschel's discovery as ""a moving star that can be deemed a hitherto unknown planet-like object circulating beyond the orbit of Saturn"". Bode concluded that its near-circular orbit was more like a planet than a comet. The object was soon universally accepted as a new planet. By 1783, Herschel acknowledged this to Royal Society president Joseph Banks: ""By the observation of the most eminent Astronomers in Europe it appears that the new star, which I had the honour of pointing out to them in March 1781, is a Primary Planet"
"planet ""Leverrier"", after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago, who in turn proposed a new symbol for the planet (). However, this suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name ""Herschel"" for ""Uranus"", after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and ""Leverrier"" for the new planet. Professor James Pillans of the University of Edinburgh defended the name ""Janus"" for the new planet, and proposed a key for its symbol. Meanwhile, German-Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve presented the name ""Neptune"" on December 29, 1846, to the"
"of our Solar System."" In recognition of his achievement, King George III gave Herschel an annual stipend of £200 on condition that he move to Windsor so that the Royal Family could look through his telescopes. The name of Uranus references the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus (), the father of Cronus (Saturn) and grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter), which in Latin became ""Ūranus"" (). It is the only planet whose name is derived directly from a figure of Greek mythology. The adjectival form of Uranus is ""Uranian"". The pronunciation of the name ""Uranus"" preferred among astronomers is ,"
"this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet ""Le Verrier"", after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago. This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name ""Herschel"" for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and ""Leverrier"" for the new planet. Struve came out in favour of the name ""Neptune"" on 29 December 1846, to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Soon, ""Neptune"" became the internationally accepted name. In Roman mythology, Neptune was the god"
"Age, Enceladus was first observed during a Saturnian equinox, when Earth is within the ring plane. At such times, the reduction in glare from the rings makes the moons easier to observe. Prior to the ""Voyager"" missions the view of Enceladus improved little from the dot first observed by Herschel. Only its orbital characteristics were known, with estimations of its mass, density and albedo. Enceladus is named after the giant Enceladus of Greek mythology. The name, like the names of each of the first seven satellites of Saturn to be discovered, was suggested by William Herschel's son John Herschel in"
"initially named after Ceres, but when cerium was named, its discoverer changed the name to palladium, after the second asteroid, 2 Pallas. The categorization of Ceres has changed more than once and has been the subject of some disagreement. Johann Elert Bode believed Ceres to be the ""missing planet"" he had proposed to exist between Mars and Jupiter, at a distance of 419 million km (2.8 AU) from the Sun. Ceres was assigned a planetary symbol, and remained listed as a planet in astronomy books and tables (along with 2 Pallas, 3 Juno, and 4 Vesta) for half a century."
"broke out in the western part of the weakened Holy Roman Empire. After the battle of Vienna the newly identified constellation Scutum (Latin for shield) was originally named ""Scutum Sobiescianum"" by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius, in honour of King John III Sobieski. While there are some stars named after non-astronomers, this is the only ""constellation"" that was originally named after a real non-astronomer who was still alive when the constellation was named, and the name of which is still in use (three other constellations, satisfying the same requirements, never gained enough popularity to last). Because Sobieski had entrusted his kingdom"
"indistinguishable from stars. Accordingly, in 1802, William Herschel suggested they be placed into a separate category, named ""asteroids"", after the Greek ""asteroeides"", meaning ""star-like"". Upon completing a series of observations of Ceres and Pallas, he concluded, Neither the appellation of planets nor that of comets, can with any propriety of language be given to these two stars ... They resemble small stars so much as hardly to be distinguished from them. From this, their asteroidal appearance, if I take my name, and call them Asteroids; reserving for myself, however, the liberty of changing that name, if another, more expressive of"
"and is in an eccentric 116-day orbit about its host. Its surface gravity is expected to be about six to eight times that of Jupiter's. At the time of discovery in January 1996, it was believed that the star was only 29 ly away resulting in the star being less luminous based on its apparent magnitude. As a result, the planet's orbit was thought to be in the habitable zone and the planet was nicknamed Goldilocks (not too cold or too hot). The Hipparcos satellite later showed that the star was more distant from Earth and therefore brighter resulting in"
"not much is yet known about it. Generational planet In the field of astrology, generational planets are planets that affect an entire generation of people. The generational planets are the outer planets Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sedna, and Quaoar. Uranus was discovered by amateur astronomer William Herschel on 13 March 1781. Uranus exhibits the ideals of the 18th century, where people such as Benjamin Franklin endeavoured to use their inventive mind to move man into a more enlightened era. It has an orbit of 84 years, staying in each sign of the zodiac for approximately 7 years. Uranus is considered to"
"to the ""volta"": """"Then"" felt I..."". The ""new planet"" was Uranus, discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel, Astronomer Royal to George III, the first planet that was unknown to astronomers of Antiquity. It was a new world in the heavens. In point of historical fact, it was the members of Vasco Núñez de Balboa's expedition who were the first Europeans to see the eastern shore of the Pacific (1513), but Keats chose to focus on Hernán Cortés; ""Darien"" refers to the Darién province of Panama. Keats had been reading William Robertson's ""History of America"" and apparently conflated two scenes"
"in fact, ""three stars in the heavens moving about Jupiter, as Venus and Mercury round the Sun."" These were the first moons of a planet other than the Earth to be discovered. The discoveries of Io and the other Galilean satellites of Jupiter were published in Galileo's ""Sidereus Nuncius"" in March 1610. While the Jovian moons he discovered would later be known as the Galilean satellites, after himself, he proposed the name ""Medicea Sidera"" (Medicean Stars) after his new patrons, the de'Medici family of his native Florence. Initially, he proposed the name ""Cosmica Sidera"" (Cosmic Stars), after the head of"
"object was classified as a dwarf planet, because there is already an asteroid with that name, 399 Persephone. With the dispute resolved, the discovery team proposed ""Eris"" on September 6, 2006. On September 13, 2006 this name was accepted as the official name by the IAU. Brown decided that, because the object had been considered a planet for so long, it deserved a name from Greek or Roman mythology, like the other planets. The asteroids had taken the vast majority of Graeco-Roman names. ""Eris"", whom Brown described as his favorite goddess, had fortunately escaped inclusion. The name in part reflects"
"with respect to Earth. Unlike stars like the Sun or Sirius, Kepler-6 does not have a common and colloquial name. The discovery of Kepler-6b was announced by the Kepler team on January 4, 2010 at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society along with planets around Kepler-4, Kepler-5, Kepler-7, and Kepler-8. It was the third planet to be discovered by the Kepler spacecraft; the first three planets to be verified by data from Kepler had been previously discovered. These three planets were used to test the accuracy of Kepler's measurements. The discovery of Kepler-6 was confirmed by follow-up observations"
"confirmed first. The original studies into the system first suggested that Kepler-9d might be a planet, but a follow-up investigation made by the Kepler team later confirmed that it was; the confirmation of Kepler-9d as a planet was made public with the team's paper, which was published in the Astrophysical Journal on January 1, 2011 . The team used telescopes at the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to follow up on the Kepler space telescope's initial discovery. Kepler-9d's name comes from it being the third planet discovered in the orbit of Kepler-9. Kepler-9 was named for the Kepler spacecraft, a"
"have a mass greater than that of , and the discovery team found no such object beyond 35 AU from the primary. Additionally, the scattering process would have likely disrupted the protoplanetary disk. A petition had been launched asking the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to name the companion Gallifrey, after the homeworld of the Doctor on the British science fiction series ""Doctor Who"". The petition had gathered over 139,000 signatures. In January 2014, however, it was agreed by the IAU not to accept the petition's goal to name it Gallifrey, as the petition did not follow the public policy of"
"Following the acceptance of the discovery paper, the Kepler team provided an additional moniker for the system of ""Kepler-62"". The discoverers referred to the star as Kepler-62, which is the normal procedure for naming the exoplanets discovered by the spacecraft. Hence, this is the name used by the public to refer to the star and its planets. Candidate planets that are associated with stars studied by the Kepler Mission are assigned the designations "".01"", "".02"", "".03"", "".04"", "".05"" etc. after the star's name, in the order of discovery. If planet candidates are detected simultaneously, then the ordering follows the order"
"The planets so named were AEgir , Amateru, Arion, Arkas, Brahe, Dagon, Dimidium, Draugr, Dulcinea, Fortitudo, Galileo, Harriot, Hypatia, Janssen, Lipperhey, Majriti, Meztli, Orbitar, Phobetor, Poltergeist, Quijote, Rocinante, Saffar, Samh, Smertrios, Sancho, Spe, Tadmor, Taphao Kaew, Taphao Thong and Thestias. The decision to give the planets new names followed the private company Uwingu's exoplanet naming contest, which the IAU harshly criticized. Previously a few planets had received unofficial names: notably Osiris (HD 209458 b), Bellerophon (51 Pegasi b), and Methuselah (PSR B1620-26 b). Another nomenclature, often seen in science fiction, uses Roman numerals in the order of planets' positions from"
"1610, Galileo wrote to the Grand Duke's secretary: ""God graced me with being able, through such a singular sign, to reveal to my Lord my devotion and the desire I have that his glorious name live as equal among the stars, and since it is up to me, the first discoverer, to name these new planets, I wish, in imitation of the great sages who placed the most excellent heroes of that age among the stars, to inscribe these with the name of the Most Serene Grand Duke."" Galileo asked whether he should name the moons the ""Cosmian Stars"", after"
"fourth on 13 January. Galileo named the group of four the ""Medicean stars"", in honour of his future patron, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Cosimo's three brothers. Later astronomers, however, renamed them ""Galilean satellites"" in honour of their discoverer. These satellites were independently discovered by Simon Marius on 8 January 1610 and are now called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto the names given by Marius in his ""Mundus Iovialis"" published in 1614. His observations of the satellites of Jupiter caused a revolution in astronomy: a planet with smaller planets orbiting it did not conform to the"
"planet orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, and names it Ceres. William Herschel proves it is a very small object, calculating it to be only 320 km in diameter, and not a planet. He proposes the name asteroid, and soon other similar bodies are being found. We now know that Ceres is 932 km in diameter, and is now considered to be a dwarf planet. Joseph von Fraunhofer builds the first accurate spectrometer and uses it to study the spectrum of the Sun's light. He discovers and maps hundreds of fine dark lines crossing the solar spectrum. In 1859 these lines"
"Generational planet In the field of astrology, generational planets are planets that affect an entire generation of people. The generational planets are the outer planets Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sedna, and Quaoar. Uranus was discovered by amateur astronomer William Herschel on 13 March 1781. Uranus exhibits the ideals of the 18th century, where people such as Benjamin Franklin endeavoured to use their inventive mind to move man into a more enlightened era. It has an orbit of 84 years, staying in each sign of the zodiac for approximately 7 years. Uranus is considered to be a higher octave of Mercury, which"
"proposed symbol, but wished that the handle of the sickle of Ceres had been adorned with a pommel instead of a crossbar, to better differentiate it from the sign of Venus. German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding created the symbol for 3 Juno. Harding, who discovered this asteroid in 1804, proposed the name Juno and the use of a scepter topped with a star as its astronomical symbol. The symbol for 4 Vesta was invented by German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. Dr. Olbers, having previously discovered and named 2 Pallas, gave Gauss the honor of naming his newest discovery. Gauss decided"
"does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it."" Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as ""the planet exterior to Uranus"" or as ""Le Verrier's planet"". The first suggestion for a name came from Galle, who proposed the name ""Janus"". In England, Challis put forward the name ""Oceanus"". Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name ""Neptune"" for this new planet, though falsely stating that"
"plane of the Solar System. To change the orbital inclination of a spacecraft to about 80° requires a large change in heliocentric velocity, the energy to achieve which far exceeded the capabilities of any launch vehicle. To reach the desired orbit around the Sun, the mission's planners chose a gravity assist maneuver around Jupiter, but this Jupiter encounter meant that ""Ulysses"" could not be powered by solar cells. The probe was powered instead by a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG). The spacecraft was originally named Odysseus, because of its lengthy and indirect trajectory to study the solar poles. It was renamed"
"as ""bog sedges"". The author of the ""Dictionary of Minor Planet Names"" contacted Dutch astronomer Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld in order to confirm the meaning of this asteroid's name. The initials of the minor planets through , all discovered by Reinmuth, spell out ""G. Stracke"". Gustav Stracke was a German astronomer and orbit computer, who had asked that no planet be named after him. In this manner Reinmuth was able to honour the man whilst honoring his wish. Nevertheless, Reinmuth directly honored Stracke by naming planet later on. The astronomer Brian Marsden was honored by the same type of meta-naming using"
"provided an additional moniker for the system of ""Kepler-61"". The discoverers referred to the star as Kepler-61, which is the normal procedure for naming the exoplanets discovered by the spacecraft. Hence, this is the name used by the public to refer to the star and its planet. Candidate planets that are associated with stars studied by the Kepler Mission are assigned the designations "".01"" etc. after the star's name, in the order of discovery. If planet candidates are detected simultaneously, then the ordering follows the order of orbital periods from shortest to longest. Following these rules, there was only one"
"planets. After a fifteen-year hiatus, other minor planets started to be discovered at steadily increasing rates, and Ceres and company were eventually relabeled ""minor planets"" or ""asteroids"". Because of its spherical shape, Ceres was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. The asteroid 1998 Titius and the crater Titius on the Moon are named in his honour. Titius published a number of works on other areas in Physics, such as a set of conditions and rules for performing experiments, and he was particularly focused in thermometry. In 1765 he presented a survey of thermometry up to that date. He wrote"
"Services had sought from the activists. Following the sentencing, Lawless said: ""I consider it a great victory that the court has struck down the reparation demand from Shell, which I think was absolutely ludicrous."" Astronomer Michael E. Brown nicknamed his newly discovered dwarf planet ""Xena""—finding this name more convenient to use than the then-official designation, 2003 UB313. When this object was initially determined to be larger than Pluto, it gained international attention and forced a year-long debate among astronomers as to the definition of a planet (Observations made by New Horizons subsequently found Pluto to be marginally larger than Eris)."
"naked eye, but it was never recognised as a planet by ancient observers because of its dimness and slow orbit. Sir William Herschel announced its discovery on 13 March 1781, expanding the known boundaries of the Solar System for the first time in history and making Uranus the first planet discovered with a telescope. Uranus had been observed on many occasions before its recognition as a planet, but it was generally mistaken for a star. Possibly the earliest known observation was by Hipparchos, who in 128 BC might have recorded it as a star for his star catalogue that was"
"is also used in the way which ""Lunar"" or ""Jovian"" is for Earth's moon or Jupiter. The Latin convention derives from the use of that language as an international scientific language by the first modern astronomers like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton and others and was used for a long time. This is why the later discovered bodies were also named accordingly. At least two more bodies were discovered later, and called planets: These were given names from Greek or Roman myth, to match the ancient planet names—but only after some controversy. For example, Sir William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781,"
"the Sun was listed as a planet by the scientific community. In the 19th century astronomers began to realize that recently discovered bodies that had been classified as planets for almost half a century (such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta) were very different from the traditional ones. These bodies shared the same region of space between Mars and Jupiter (the asteroid belt), and had a much smaller mass; as a result they were reclassified as ""asteroids"". In the absence of any formal definition, a ""planet"" came to be understood as any ""large"" body that orbited the Sun. Because there"