"be both a technically and economically sound decision. This interconnection would allow to serve peak demand in the Baja California system with generation resources from the SIN. Conversely, in period of low demand in Baja California, surplus electricity and base load (i.e. geothermal and combined cycles) could be exported to the SIN. As a result, there would be a reduction of investment costs in generation infrastructure and of total production costs. In addition, the interconnection would open new opportunities for electricity exchanges with power utilities in Western United States through the existing transmission links with California. It is expected that"
"system has a capacity of transmitting 10,623 megawatts (about 10 gigawatts) from east to west. It has no rating to transfer power from west to east and historically this never happens. It sends electric power to the cities of Southern California such as San Diego, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Ana, Temecula, Riverside and Bakersfield. The source of the electricity is from hydroelectric dams (like Hoover Dam) on the Colorado River, fossil fuel plants (like the Chuck Lenzie Generating Station in North Las Vegas, Nevada), nuclear power (like the Palo Verde Nuclear Plant), and more recently, utility-scale solar plants (such"
"commissioned in April 2009 and has an estimated transmission capacity of 200 MW from Mexico to Guatemala and 70 MW in the opposite direction. CFE is not a part of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, though its transmission system in northern Baja California is part of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council, and it also has a few other interconnections across the border with the United States. Consumption of electricity in 2008 was 184 TWh, which corresponds to 1,655 kWh per capita. Consumption share by sector was as follows: Electricity demand has grown steadily in the last decade and the"
"gigawatt-hours of electricity in 2017. This in-state generation, combined with 700 GWh of imported geothermal energy, led geothermal energy to contribute 5.69% of the state's total electricity usage in 2017. California ranked first in the United States in power generation from biomass in 2017. Biomass-based electricity in California produced 5,767 gigawatt-hours of electricity in 2017, contributing to about 2.8 percent of the state's total energy usage. There are 93 operating biomass-based power plants in California. California's biomass power mostly comes from waste-to-energy based power plants. There are four specific types of biomass power generation in California: biomass, digester gas (anaerobic"
"Comisión Federal de Electricidad The Comisión Federal de Electricidad () is the state-owned electric utility of Mexico, widely known as CFE. It is the country's dominant electric company, and the country's second most powerful state-owned company after Pemex. The Mexican constitution states that the government is responsible for the control and development of the national electric industry, and CFE carries out this mission. The company's slogan is ""Una empresa de clase mundial"" (""A World-Class Company""). CFE is not a part of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, though its transmission system in northern Baja California is part of the Western"
"Diablo Canyon Power Plant The Diablo Canyon Power Plant is an electricity-generating nuclear power plant near Avila Beach in San Luis Obispo County, California. After the permanent shutdown of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station in 2013, it is the only remaining nuclear plant operational in the state. The plant has two Westinghouse-designed 4-loop pressurized-water nuclear reactors operated by Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E). The facility is located on about west of Avila Beach, California, of which about 12 acres form the power-producing portion of the plant. Together, the twin 1100 MWe reactors produce about 18,000 GW·h of emission-free electricity"
"the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for 20-year license renewals for both reactors. In June 2016, PG&E announced that it plans to close the two Diablo Canyon reactors in 2024 and 2025. With the closing of the San Onofre plant in 2013, fossil gas became the primary source of electricity for the state. However, the falling cost and increasing use of renewable energy coupled with grid energy storage systems and mandated state energy generation targets might make renewable energy the dominant source of energy in California in the coming decade. Unit One is a 1138 MWe pressurized water reactor supplied by"
"Seal of Baja California The coat of arms of Baja California was adopted in 1956, four years after it became a state (it was a territory before). The sun in the crest represents the state's energy, and contains the text ""Trabajo y Justicia Social"" (Spanish for ""Work and Social Justice""). At the top of the coat of arms is a sun representing the state's energy. On the left and right are a woman holding a test tube and a man holding a book. Together they are holding lightning bolts, to represent the power of culture and science. At the bottom"
"Energy in California California is the most populous state in the nation, but its total energy demand is second to the state of Texas. The state has one of the lowest per capita energy consumption rates in the country due in part to the relatively mild weather comparative to the rest of the nation. Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of in-state electricity generation. California is one of the largest hydroelectric power producers in the United States, and with adequate rainfall, hydroelectric power typically accounts for close to one-fifth of State electricity generation. Due to strict"
"17.4 cents per kWh and 14.8 cents per kWh for residential and commercial customers respectively. Due to high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily wind and hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and nuclear, coal-, and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46. Imported coal-fired electricity is expected to decline as power agreements expire and the city of Los Angeles phases out its use of imported coal by 2025. Although California's population increased by 13% during the 1990s, the state did not build any"
"to be 39 MW, the size was increased to allow generation of 106,728,000 kWh/year. A solar trough based 14 MW plant will use a combined cycle gas turbine of 478 MW to provide electricity to the city of Agua Prieta, Sonora. The World Bank has financed this project with US$50 million. A 450 MW concentrated photovoltaics plant is planned for Baja California. Currently, 98% of all distributed generation can be attributed to solar PV panels installed on rooftops or small businesses. This installed capacity has greatly increased from 3 kW in 2007 to 247.6 MW by the end of 2016."
"the portion of Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE), Mexico's electric utility, serving Baja California; Arizona Public Service (APS); and the Western Area Power Administration's Lower Colorado system (WALC). The blackout left nearly seven million people without power, including 1.4 million customers in San Diego County and 1.1 million customers in Mexico. The outage was the result of 23 distinct events that occurred on 5 separate power grids in a span of 11 minutes. Federal, regional and local officials investigated what happened and why the outage cascaded the way it did. APS's North Gila Substation reported power loss at 3:27 pm"
"between Baja California and Sonora. Known for its dramatic canyons, whitewater rapids, and eleven U.S. National Parks, the Colorado River and its tributaries are a vital source of water for 40 million people. The river and its tributaries are controlled by an extensive system of dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts, which in most years divert its entire flow for agricultural irrigation and domestic water supply. Its large flow and steep gradient are used for generating hydroelectric power, and its major dams regulate peaking power demands in much of the Intermountain West. Intensive water consumption has dried up the lower of the"
"grid experienced another massive blackout. This power outage affected customers in seven western U.S. states, two Canadian provinces, and Baja California, Mexico. Approximately 7.5 million customers lost power for periods ranging from several minutes to six hours. The outage stretched from Canada to New Mexico and knocked out power to 4 million customers amid a triple-digit heat wave. At 2:06 p.m., the Big Eddy-Ostrander line flashed and grounded to a tree. At 2:52 p.m., the John Day–Marion line (also owned by BPA) flashed to a tree; due to a circuit breaker being out of service, this also took the Marion–Lane"
"Electricity Coordinating Council through its interconnection with San Diego Gas & Electric via the Miguel-Tijuana and the LaRosita-Imperial Valley Lines and the Path 45 corridor; it also has a few other interconnections across the border with local utilities in the United States. On 12 October 2009, President Felipe Calderón issued a decree dissolving Luz y Fuerza del Centro (LFC, also rendered on logo as ""LyF""), the state-owned power company serving most of central Mexico—including Mexico City, most of the State of Mexico and some communities in the states of Morelos, Hidalgo and Puebla. The government claimed that spending had outpaced"
"Electricity sector in Mexico As required by the Constitution, the electricity sector is federally owned, with the Federal Electricity Commission (Comisión Federal de Electricidad or CFE) essentially controlling the whole sector; private participation and foreign companies are allowed to operate in the country only through specific service contracts. Attempts to reform the sector have traditionally faced strong political and social resistance in Mexico, where subsidies for residential consumers absorb substantial fiscal resources. The electricity sector in Mexico relies heavily on thermal sources (75% of total installed capacity), followed by hydropower generation (19%). Although exploitation of solar, wind, and biomass resources"
"Encina Power Station The Encina Power Station (EPS) is a large natural gas and oil-fueled electricity generating plant located in Carlsbad, California, in San Diego County. Constructed in 1954, it is one of the major suppliers of electricity for the region as well as one of the region's oldest. The plant is owned by NRG Energy. EPS sits on the southern shore of the outer segment of the Agua Hedionda Lagoon; once a stinking pool at low tide, it was opened to a continuous tidal flow to create a cooling system that was constructed along with the plant. Now home"
"depends predominantly on wells, a few dams and even oases . Tijuana also purchases water from San Diego County's Otay Water District. Potable water is the largest natural resource issue of the state. Baja California's climate varies from Mediterranean to arid. The Mediterranean climate is observed in the northwestern corner of the state where the summers are dry and mild and the winters cool and rainy. This climate is observed in areas from Tijuana to San Quintin and nearby interior valleys. The cold oceanic California Current often creates a low-level marine fog near the coast. The fog occurs along any"
"Southern California Edison Southern California Edison (or SCE Corp), the largest subsidiary of Edison International, is the primary electricity supply company for much of Southern California. It provides 14 million people with electricity across a service territory of approximately 50,000 square miles. However, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, San Diego Gas & Electric, Imperial Irrigation District, and some smaller municipal utilities serve substantial portions of the southern California territory. The northern part of the state is generally served by the Pacific Gas & Electric Company of San Francisco. Southern California Edison (SCE) still owns all of its"
"providing exceptional room for the conduct of operations and maintenance by the operating staff. The Palo Verde 500 kV switchyard is a key point in the western states power grid, and is used as a reference point in the pricing of electricity across the southwest United States. Many 500 kV power lines from companies like Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric send power generated at the plant to Los Angeles and San Diego via Path 46, respectively. In addition, due to both the strategic interconnections of the substation and the large size of the generating station, the"
"North Baja Pipeline The North Baja Pipeline is an overall , bidirectional natural gas pipeline that can deliver gas from Arizona, through California, and into Mexico or from Mexico into the United States. The U.S. portion of the system is owned by TC PipeLines LP, and the Mexican portion is owned by Sempra Energy International. Its FERC code is 181. North Baja Pipeline was originally conceived as an east-to-west pipeline to provide electric power plants in Mexico with natural gas. An expansion added facilities to allow gas to flow from west to east, providing for importation of natural gas into"
"other major owners include the Salt River Project (17.5%), the El Paso Electric Company (15.8%), Southern California Edison (15.8%), PNM Resources (10.2%), the Southern California Public Power Authority (5.9%), and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (5.7%). The Palo Verde Generating Station is located in the Arizona desert, and is the only large nuclear power plant in the world that is not located near a large body of water. The power plant evaporates the water from the treated sewage from several nearby cities and towns to provide the cooling of the steam that it produces. The Palo Verde"
"El Paso Electric El Paso Electric () is Texas based public utility company, engaging in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity in west Texas and southern New Mexico. Its energy sources consist of nuclear fuel, natural gas, purchased power, solar and wind turbines. The company owns 6 electrical generating facilities with a net dependable generating capability of approximately 2,010 megawatts. It serves approximately 400,000 residential, commercial, industrial, public authority, and wholesale customers. The company distributes electricity to retail customers principally in El Paso, Texas and Las Cruces, New Mexico; and resells electricity to electric utilities and power marketers. El"
"1,200 MW of electrical power. Path 64 Path 64 or the Marketplace - Adelanto line is a 500-kilovolt power line that runs from the Adelanto substation near Adelanto, California and the High Desert to the Marketplace substation near Boulder City, Nevada. Path 64 is one part of the Path 46 transmission system in southeastern California. This power line is operated by Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). This line, along with Path 27 and the other Path 46 lines, bring over 10,000 megawatts of electrical power to the Los Angeles area. Path 64 is an essential line for"
"of Kern County, with some big projects in Solano, Contra Costa and Riverside counties as well. After 2014, California ranked second nationwide in terms of capacity, behind Texas with a capacity of 5,917 MW. Large portions of California's wind output, are located in three primary regions: Altamont Pass Wind Farm (east of San Francisco); Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm (south east of Bakersfield), and San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm (near Palm Springs, east of Los Angeles). The giant new Alta Wind Energy Center, is also located within the Tehachapi Pass region. More than 35 percent of the electric power generated in"
"also the principle plant in Baja California. The region was able to reduce levels of air pollution substantially when the conversion to a natural gas fired electrical generation facility was completed. In the Baja California subregions, unleaded gasoline has also replaced leaded fuel as means for transportation, helping regional air quality. The new strategies also included plans that worked with the nearby capital of Mexicali, where the pipeline shared between the two states was constructed to supply natural gas to its metropolitan area with energy supplied by Sempra and Proxima. Sempra Energy has been applauded for its initial development of"
"Over the next few decades uses of renewable energy could help to diversify the nation’s bulk power supply. In 2016 renewable hydro, solar, wind, geothermal and biomass produced 39% of California’s electricity. Although most of today’s electricity comes from large, central-station power plants, new technologies offer a range of options for generating electricity nearer to where it is needed, saving on the cost of transmitting and distributing power and improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the system. Improving energy efficiency represents the most immediate and often the most cost-effective way to reduce oil dependence, improve energy security, and reduce"
"Volcanoes of east-central Baja California The volcanoes of east-central Baja California are located on the Baja California Peninsula near the Gulf of California, in the state of Baja California Sur, in Mexico. Baja California is a peninsula in Mexico, bordering the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It is made up primarily of mountains, and some coastal plains. The mountain ranges in Baja California, connected to the Pacific Coast Ranges, extend from the north-eastern to the south-western part of the peninsula. Out of the 24 named ranges, the Sierra de Juárez and the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, the highest"
"Pacific DC Intertie The Pacific DC Intertie (also called Path 65) is an electric power transmission line that transmits electricity from the Pacific Northwest to the Los Angeles area using high voltage direct current (HVDC). The line capacity is 3,100 megawatts, which is enough to serve two to three million Los Angeles households and represents almost half (48.7%) of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) electrical system's peak capacity. The intertie originates near the Columbia River at the Celilo Converter Station of Bonneville Power Administration's grid outside The Dalles, Oregon and is connected to the Sylmar Converter"
"commitment.) According to the Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative, east San Diego County, along with neighboring Imperial County and Northern Baja California, has a potential aggregate generating capacity of roughly 6,870 megawatts (MW) for solar energy, 3,495 MW for wind power and 2,000 MW for geothermal energy. Together, these renewable resources could potentially produce enough electricity to power 8 million homes at noon, on a sunny day, if the wind was turning windfarm turbine rotors at their theoretical maximum speed. Given Southern California capacity factors, however, of 28% for solar and 30% for wind, production at the quoted capacity would average"
"Path 64 Path 64 or the Marketplace - Adelanto line is a 500-kilovolt power line that runs from the Adelanto substation near Adelanto, California and the High Desert to the Marketplace substation near Boulder City, Nevada. Path 64 is one part of the Path 46 transmission system in southeastern California. This power line is operated by Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). This line, along with Path 27 and the other Path 46 lines, bring over 10,000 megawatts of electrical power to the Los Angeles area. Path 64 is an essential line for powering Los Angeles. The 500"
"the regional power grid, through the Águila substation farther west. In 2013 the plant generated almost 44 GWh. It operates mainly when power consumption is high and is one of the few hydroelectric power plants in northern Chile. Aside from producing electrical power, the water discharged into the San Jose River is intercepted downriver and used to irrigate the Azapa Valley; the reservoir downstream of the turbines serves to secure water delivery even when water is low in the Canal Lauca. Studies on the possibility to use the Lauca River as a water source for the Azapa Valley were made"
"Baja California Baja California (), (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California (), is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1952, the area was known as the North Territory of Baja California (""El Territorio Norte de Baja California""). It has an area of , or 3.57% of the land mass of Mexico and comprises the northern half of the Baja California Peninsula, north of the 28th parallel, plus oceanic Guadalupe Island. The mainland portion of the state is bordered on the"