"convincing him to play the part. The Headmaster is a little more convinced, and the children flick through their books to see what characters they can play. It is decided that Miss Grant will play Squeers' daughter, Fanny, and that Smeeton, much to his dismay, will play Smike. Smeeton gives in, but only if Nicholls plays Nicholas Nickleby, which is agreed (""Stop! And Just Think Who You Could Be""). The scene then transforms to The Saracen's Head, a 19th-Century pub. Squeers is in London recruiting pupils for his school, Dotheboys Hall. He is accompanied by three frightened-looking boys. Suddenly, one"
"a skinny boy who works as a slave to the Squeers family. He treats Smike poorly before asking him to fetch the luggage. Squeers then introduces Nicholas to his wife, Mrs. Squeers, who helps him run the school. She immediately takes a disliking to Nicholas. Nicholas is then introduced to the Squeers' children, Fanny and Wackford. Squeers tries to show that his family is perfect, but Nicholas knows they are far from it (""Wackford, Fanny, Squeersy And Me""). Squeers then introduces Nicholas to the boys, who look more like sewer rats than human beings. He states that Mrs. Squeers is"
"as a personal servant and companion on his travels. The relationship between the idealistic and unworldly Pickwick and the astute cockney Weller has been likened to that between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. Sam Weller (character) Sam Weller is a fictional character in ""The Pickwick Papers"", the first novel by Charles Dickens, and is the character that made Dickens famous. Weller first appeared in the tenth serialised episode. Previously the monthly parts of the book had been doing badly—the humour of the character transformed the book into a publishing phenomenon. Weller's way of quoting people has led to the wellerism,"
"Sam Weller (character) Sam Weller is a fictional character in ""The Pickwick Papers"", the first novel by Charles Dickens, and is the character that made Dickens famous. Weller first appeared in the tenth serialised episode. Previously the monthly parts of the book had been doing badly—the humour of the character transformed the book into a publishing phenomenon. Weller's way of quoting people has led to the wellerism, often a type of proverb. In chapter 10 of the novel, the eponymous hero Mr. Pickwick meets Sam Weller working at the White Hart Inn in The Borough and soon takes him on"
"Frederick Dickens Frederick William Dickens (4 July 1820 – 20 October 1868) was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens and was Charles Dickens's younger brother, who lived with Charles when he moved on to Furnival's Inn in 1834. He was the inspiration for two different Freds in his brother's books: the jovial nephew of Ebenezer Scrooge in ""A Christmas Carol"" and the dissolute brother of Little Nell in ""The Old Curiosity Shop"". While Fred was a child and a youth, Charles Dickens often described him as his favourite brother, showing great concern for his welfare. As a boy, Fred"
"very close. Dickens's connection with Chapman & Hall began in 1836, when William Hall made to Dickens the suggestion which ultimately led to the publication of ""The Pickwick Papers"". The firm subsequently published ""Nicholas Nickleby"", ""Master Humphrey's Clock"", ""Barnaby Rudge"", ""The Old Curiosity Shop"", ""Martin Chuzzlewit"", and ""A Christmas Carol""; but in 1844 Dickens quarrelled with the firm, and entered into relations with Bradbury & Evans. In 1859, however, Dickens renewed his connection with Chapman & Hall, who issued the remainder of his books. In 1845 Chapman & Hall published the second edition of Thomas Carlyle's ""Life of Schiller"", and"
"Nicholas Nickleby Nicholas Nickleby; or, The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby is a novel by Charles Dickens. Originally published as a serial from 1838 to 1839, it was Dickens's third novel. The novel centres on the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies. ""Nicholas Nickleby"" is Charles Dickens's third published novel. He returned to his favourite publishers and to the format that was considered so successful with ""The Pickwick Papers"". The story first appeared in monthly parts, after which it was issued in one volume. The"
"Charles Dickens novels are littered with stock-market speculations, villains, swindlers and fictional speculators. Little Dorrit (1857) The financial house of Mr Merdle; Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) 'Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life Company, modeled loosely on the South Sea Bubble,- is in essence a classic Ponzi scheme; Nicholas Nickleby (1839) Ralph Nickleby's great Joint Stock Company, United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and Punctual Delivery Company; David Copperfield (1850) the false accounting by the sycophant Uriah Heep, clerk to lawyer Mr Wickfield; South Sea Company The South Sea Company (officially The Governor and Company of the merchants of Great Britain,"
"office with specimens of their work for Dickens's inspection. The novelist preferred Browne. Browne's first two etched plates for Pickwick were signed ""Nemo"", but the third was signed ""Phiz"", a pseudonym which was retained in future. When asked to explain why he chose this name he answered that the change from ""Nemo"" to ""Phiz"" was made to harmonize better with Dickens's ""Boz"". Phiz developed the character Sam Weller graphically just as Seymour had developed Pickwick. Dickens and Phiz became good friends and in 1838 travelled together to Yorkshire to see the schools of which Nicholas Nickleby became the hero: afterwards"
"and the plight of the poor and oppressed. His most important works include ""Oliver Twist"" (1837–39), ""Nicholas Nickleby"" (183839)"", A Christmas Carol"" (1843), ""Dombey and Son"" (1846–48), ""David Copperfield"" (184950), ""Bleak House"" (185253), ""Little Dorrit"" (185557), ""A Tale of Two Cities"" (1859), and ""Great Expectations"" (186061). There is a gradual trend in his fiction towards darker themes which mirrors a tendency in much of the writing of the 19th century. William Thackeray was Dickens' great rival in the first half of Queen Victoria's reign. With a similar style but a slightly more detached, acerbic and barbed satirical view of his"
"Ethyle Cooke as Miss Snevellici. The first sound film adaptation, ""The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby"", was released in 1947, starring Cedric Hardwicke as Ralph Nickleby, Sally Ann Howes as Kate, Derek Bond as Nicholas and Stanley Holloway as Crummles. In 1957, it was a TV series lasting one season, with William Russell in the title role. In 1968, it was made into a TV serial starring Martin Jarvis. In 1977, BBC Television adapted the novel in a production directed by Christopher Barry, starring Nigel Havers in the title role, Derek Francis as Wackford Squeers and Patricia Routledge as"
"and Son"" (1846–48), ""Bleak House"" (1852–53) and ""Little Dorrit"" (1855–57), ""Great Expectations"" (1860–1), and ""Our Mutual Friend"" (1864–65). An early rival to Dickens was William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–63), who during the Victorian period ranked second only to him, but he is now much less read and is known almost exclusively for ""Vanity Fair"" (1847). The Brontë sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne, were other significant novelists in the 1840s and 1850s. Their novels caused a sensation when they were first published but were subsequently accepted as classics. Charlotte Brontë's (1816–55) work was ""Jane Eyre"", broke new ground in being written from"
"premonition of the signalman's own death. Another story features, in a thinly disguised form, the town of Rugby in Warwickshire and the town's railway station. One of the stories satirizes the refreshment rooms where Dickens was humiliated by the proprietess when he was ordering a cup of coffee. She refused to pass him the sugar bowl until she had been paid, clearly not recognising the celebrity author. Mugby Junction ""Mugby Junction"" is a set of short stories written in 1866 by Charles Dickens and collaborators Charles Collins, Amelia B. Edwards, Andrew Halliday, and Hesba Stretton. It was first published in"
"1844 Alexandre Dumas, père published a novel ""The Three Musketeers"" (""Les Trois Mousquetaires"") and wrote ""The Count of Monte Cristo"" which was published in installments over the next two years. William Makepeace Thackeray published ""The Luck of Barry Lyndon"". In Britain Charles Dickens published several of his books in installments in magazines: ""The Pickwick Papers"", followed, in the next few years, by ""Oliver Twist"" (1837–1839), ""Nicholas Nickleby"" (1838–1839), ""The Old Curiosity Shop"" (1840–1841), ""Barnaby Rudge"" (1841), ""A Christmas Carol"" (1843) and ""Martin Chuzzlewit"" (1843–1844). In America a version of the penny dreadful became popularly known as a ""dime novel"". In"
"Sawyer"" (1876), Charles Dudley Warner's ""Being a Boy"" (1877), William Dean Howells's ""A Boy's Town"" (1877), James Otis Kaler's ""Toby Tyler; or, Ten Weeks with a Circus"" (1877), Hamlin Garland's ""Boy Life on the Prairie"" (1899), and Booth Tarkington's ""Penrod"" (1913). A precursor was Horatio Alger, Jr.'s ""Ragged Dick"" series beginning in 1868, though scholar Kenneth B. Kidd says his works are generally excluded from the list. Aldrich also owed inspiration to the popular British book ""Tom Brown's School Days"" (1857) by Thomas Hughes. The bad boy genre, intended to be read by both children and adults, shows boys as"
"neighbors and peers; the action takes place within a society, rather than being directed against an external foe; duels may be fought, but the chief weapons are wit and intrigue. Major influences on the subgenre include the social novels of Jane Austen, the drawing room comedies of P. G. Wodehouse, and the historical romances of Georgette Heyer. Many authors also draw from nineteenth century popular novelists such as Anthony Trollope, the Brontë sisters, and Charles Dickens. Traditional romances of swashbuckling adventure such as ""The Three Musketeers"" by Alexandre Dumas, ""The Scarlet Pimpernel"" by Baroness Orczy, or the works of Rafael"
"of all classes. One of his most popular works to this day is ""A Christmas Carol"" (1843). In more recent years Dickens has been most admired for his later novels, such as ""Dombey and Son"" (1846–48), ""Great Expectations"" (1860–61), ""Bleak House"" (1852–53) and ""Little Dorrit"" (1855–57) and ""Our Mutual Friend"" (1864–65). An early rival to Dickens was William Makepeace Thackeray, who during the Victorian period ranked second only to him, but he is now much less read and is known almost exclusively for ""Vanity Fair"" (1847). In that novel he satirizes whole swaths of humanity while retaining a light touch."
"drawings by W. A. Rogers (1854-1931). A sequel, ""Mr. Stubb’s Brother"", was published in 1883. ""Toby Tyler"" is a ""bad boy"" novel, meant to teach a lesson what happens to boys who do bad things; other examples include George W. Peck's ""Peck's Bad Boy"" (1883), Thomas Bailey Aldrich's ""The Story of a Bad Boy"" (1870), and Mark Twain's ""Adventures of Tom Sawyer"" (1876). As with Mark Twain's ""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"" (1884), also about a conscience-stricken escaped and wandering orphan boy (written following the success of ""Toby Tyler""), most readers don't remember ""Toby Tyler"" for its wholesome message, but as"
"targeted non-sexual homosocial behavior and masculinity in inventive ways, David Dobkin's ""Wedding Crashers"" (2005), ""Zoolander"", ""Funny People"" (2009), John Hamburg's ""I Love You Man"" (2009), Todd Phillips' ""The Hangover"" (2009), and Gordon's ""Horrible Bosses"" (2011). Although J. R. R. Tolkien's novels predate what could technically be called the """"bromance era"""", the portrayal of the lifelong close relationships between Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee, Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took, and Gimli and Legolas in the novels have been characterized as bromance, as well as the depictions in the films based on them. The theme remains popular, with different genres looking at"
"""scrooge"", for example, is a miser – or someone who dislikes Christmas festivity. His characters were often so memorable that they took on a life of their own outside his books. ""Gamp"" became a slang expression for an umbrella from the character Mrs Gamp, and ""Pickwickian"", ""Pecksniffian"", and ""Gradgrind"" all entered dictionaries due to Dickens's original portraits of such characters who were, respectively, quixotic, hypocritical, and vapidly factual. Many were drawn from real life: Mrs Nickleby is based on his mother, though she didn't recognise herself in the portrait, just as Mr Micawber is constructed from aspects of his father's"
"where he saw—and was affected by seeing—fettered prisoners. For the character Tiny Tim, Dickens used his nephew Henry, a disabled boy who was five at the time ""A Christmas Carol"" was written. The two figures of Want and Ignorance, sheltering in the robes of the Ghost of Christmas Present, were inspired by the children Dickens had seen on his visit to a ragged school in the East End of London. The transformation of Scrooge is central to the story. Davis considers Scrooge to be ""a protean figure always in process of reformation""; Kelly writes that the transformation is reflected in"
"as Geoffrey Chaucer's ""Canterbury Tales"" (1387), Miguel de Cervantes' ""Don Quixote"" (1605), William Shakespeare's ""Pericles, Prince of Tyre"" (c.1608), Laurence Sterne's ""The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman"" (1759), William Makepeace Thackeray's ""Vanity Fair"" (1847), as well as more recent works such as J.R.R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1954–1955), or Douglas Adams' ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"" (1979). Metafiction, however, became particularly prominent in the 1960s, with authors and works such as John Barth's ""Lost in the Funhouse"", Robert Coover's ""The Babysitter"" and ""The Magic Poker"", Kurt Vonnegut's ""Slaughterhouse-Five"", John Fowles' ""The French Lieutenant's Woman"", Thomas"
"Navy Pay Office and was temporarily stationed in the district. He asked Christopher Huffam, rigger to His Majesty's Navy, gentleman, and head of an established firm, to act as godfather to Charles. Huffam is thought to be the inspiration for Paul Dombey, the owner of a shipping company in Dickens's novel ""Dombey and Son"" (1848). In January 1815, John Dickens was called back to London, and the family moved to Norfolk Street, Fitzrovia. When Charles was four, they relocated to Sheerness, and thence to Chatham, Kent, where he spent his formative years until the age of 11. His early life"
"including Nicholas's malevolent Uncle Ralph, and the villainous Wackford Squeers, who operates an abusive all-boys boarding school at which Nicholas temporarily serves as a tutor. Nicholas Nickleby's father dies unexpectedly after losing all of his money in a poor investment. Nicholas, his mother and his younger sister, Kate, are forced to give up their comfortable lifestyle in Devonshire and travel to London to seek the aid of their only relative, Nicholas's uncle, Ralph Nickleby. Ralph, a cold and ruthless businessman, has no desire to help his destitute relations and hates Nicholas, who reminds him of his dead brother, on sight."
"which implied a connection between the demagoguery surrounding the Methodists and Pittites. The print enraged Bishop William Warburton, who although a vocal critic of Methodism, wrote: The 19th-century author Charles Dickens—whose childhood nursemaid Mary Weller may have affected him with a fascination for ghosts—made reference to the Cock Lane ghost in several of his books. One of ""Nicholas Nickleby""<nowiki>'s</nowiki> main characters and a source of much of the novel's comic relief, Mrs. Nickleby, claims that her great-grandfather ""went to school with the Cock-lane Ghost"" and that ""I know the master of his school was a Dissenter, and that would in"
"where Nicholas arises Ralph's ire. Ralph has his assistant Newman Noggs (adorned with a feather quill over his ear to denote his quirky nature in the novel) deliver an ultimatum: that he will provide for Mrs. Nickelby and Kate if Nicholas leaves London. Noggs delivers the message to the Nicklebys, and Nicholas and Smike then depart London to seek their fortune. ""Part II"" commences, and at an inn, Nicholas and Smike meet theater manager Victor Crummles and his two young sons playing with swords, and join Crummle's acting troupe. They are then introduced to the rest of the theater company,"
"The Pickwick Papers The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (also known as The Pickwick Papers) was Charles Dickens's first novel. He was asked to contribute to the project as an up-and-coming writer following the success of ""Sketches by Boz"", published in 1836 (most of Dickens' novels were issued in shilling instalments before being published as complete volumes). Dickens (still writing under the pseudonym of Boz) increasingly took over the unsuccessful monthly publication after the original illustrator Robert Seymour had committed suicide. With the introduction of Sam Weller in chapter 10, the book became the first real publishing phenomenon, with"
"Peter Brook to the Sydney Olympics"". Libri: Oxford . The original London cast included Roger Rees as Nicholas, David Threlfall as Smike, Ben Kingsley as Squeers, Bob Peck as John Browdie and Sir Mulberry Hawk, John Woodvine as Ralph Nickleby, Susan Littler as Kate, Edward Petherbridge as Newman Noggs, Timothy Spall as Young Wackford and Mr. Folair, John McEnery as Mr. Mantalini, William the Waiter and Mr. Snevellicci, Graham Crowden as Mr. Vincent Crummles, and Suzanne Bertish as Fanny Squeers, Peg Sliderskew and Miss Snevellicci, among many others. All actors apart from Rees played multiple roles. Some parts were recast"
"""Oliver Twist"", the failures of the legal system in ""Bleak House"", An early rival to Dickens was William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–1863), who during the Victorian period ranked second only to him, but he is now known almost exclusively for ""Vanity Fair"" (1847). The Brontë sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne, were other significant novelists in the 1840s and 1850s. ""Jane Eyre"" (1847), Charlotte Brontë's most famous work, was the first of the sisters' novels to achieve success. Emily Brontë's (1818–1848) novel was ""Wuthering Heights"" and, according to Juliet Gardiner, ""the vivid sexual passion and power of its language and imagery impressed,"
"the piano, and Bing and Bowie chat about their musical tastes before singing a duet of ""Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy"". Kathyrn chats with Mrs. Bridges in the kitchen as the children continue looking for written proof of their relation to Sir Percy. Meanwhile, in the library, Bing is surprised to encounter the house's former owner, Charles Dickens, played by Ron Moody. They are soon joined by Twiggy, who comments on Dickens' wide array of memorable characters and several of Dickens' heroes and villains including Ebenezer Scrooge and Tiny Tim (from ""A Christmas Carol""), Fagin and The Artful Dodger (from"
"formative influence. Robert Seymour provided the illustrations for the first two instalments before his suicide. Robert Buss illustrated the third instalment, but his work was not liked by Dickens and the remaining instalments were illustrated by """"Phiz"""" (Hablot Knight Browne) who went on to illustrate most of Dickens' novels. The instalments were first published in book form in 1837. Written for publication as a serial, ""The Pickwick Papers"" is a sequence of loosely related adventures. The action is given as occurring 1827–8, though critics have noted some seeming anachronisms. It has been stated that Dickens satirized the case of George"
"Augustus Dickens Augustus Newnham Dickens (10 November 1827 – 4 October 1866) was the youngest brother of English novelist Charles Dickens, and the inspiration for Charles's pen name 'Boz'. Augustus Dickens was the son of Elizabeth (""née"" Barrow) and John Dickens, a clerk in the Navy Pay Office at Portsmouth. Charles Dickens's pen name, 'Boz', was actually taken from his youngest brother's family nickname 'Moses', given to him in honour of one of the brothers in ""The Vicar of Wakefield"" (one of the most widely read novels in the early 19th century), which when playfully pronounced through the nose became"
"of the Bull Inn, where the Pickwickians take a coach to Ipswich. En route, driving along Whitechapel Road, Sam Weller opines that it is ""not a wery nice neighbourhood"" and notes the correlation between poverty and the abundance of oyster stalls here. One of Fagin's dens in Dickens's ""Oliver Twist"" was located in Whitechapel and Fagin, himself, was possibly based on a notorious local 'fence' named Ikey Solomon (1785–1850). Whitechapel is also the setting of several novels by Jewish authors such as ""Children of the Ghetto"" and ""The King of Schnorrers"" by Israel Zangwill and ""Jew Boy"" by Simon Blumenfeld."