"live human tissue, which include lasers.."". Blepharoplasty Blepharoplasty (Greek: blepharon, ""eyelid"" + plassein ""to form"") is the plastic surgery operation for correcting defects, deformities, and disfigurations of the eyelids; and for aesthetically modifying the eye region of the face. With the excision and the removal, or the repositioning (or both) of excess tissues, such as skin and adipocyte fat, and the reinforcement of the corresponding muscle and tendon tissues, the blepharoplasty procedure resolves functional and cosmetic problems of the periorbita, which is the area from the eyebrow to the upper portion of the cheek. The procedure is more common among"
"19 and 49 have had at least one surgery. Double eyelid surgery (also known as blepharoplasty) is the most common procedure, with which an eyelid crease is created to make the eye look bigger. This type of surgery or rhinoplasty is typically given as a high school graduation gift. Due to the differences in the facial bone structure of Asians, who have a wider, flatter facial bone structure than their western counterparts, facial bone contouring surgeries are extremely popular. V-line surgery (jaw and chin reduction) and cheekbone (zygoma) reduction surgeries are used to change the facial contour. Most celebrities are"
"Umbilicoplasty Umbilicoplasty, sometimes referred to as ""belly button surgery"", is a plastic surgery procedure to modify the appearance of one's navel (or ""belly button""). It may be performed as part of a tummy tuck or lower body lift operation, or it may be performed alone. Candidates typically choose the surgery because they dislike how their navel looks. They may have a protruding or inverted navel, which they may wish to change. Their navel may be as it was from birth, or it may have changed due to unrelated surgery, such as a Caesarean section. Another fairly common reason is because"
"Labiaplasty Labiaplasty (also known as labioplasty, labia minora reduction, and labial reduction) is a plastic surgery procedure for altering the labia minora (inner labia) and the labia majora (outer labia), the folds of skin surrounding the human vulva. There are two main categories of women seeking cosmetic genital surgery: those with congenital conditions such as intersex, and those with no underlying condition who experience physical discomfort or wish to alter the appearance of their genitals because they believe they do not fall within a normal range. The size, colour, and shape of labia vary significantly, and may change as a"
"in orbicularis tone, in patients having palsy of the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve), in people with severe exophthalmos, and in people with severe skin disorders such as ichthyosis. Today, lagophthalmos may arise after an overenthusiastic upper blepharoplasty. Blepharoplasty is an operation performed to remove excessive skin overlying the upper eyelid (suprapalpebral hooding) that often occurs with aging. This can make the patient look younger. If, however, too much skin is removed, the appearance is unnatural and ""lagophthalmos"" is one of the signs of such excessive skin removal. Nocturnal lagophthalmos is the inability to close the eyelids during sleep. It"
"A study of postoperative men showed that on average, 25% had one or more serious complications of the neopenis. The ones reported consisted of: In the same study, chances of complications of the extended urethra were higher, averaging 55%. The most common complications reported were: There is also a possibility of fat embolism ""associated with liposuction and autologous fat transfer, a procedure where fat from liposuction is injected back into the same patient’s face, breast, buttocks or penis"". Phalloplasty Phalloplasty is the construction or reconstruction of a penis, or the artificial modification of the penis by surgery. The term ""phalloplasty"""
"Rhinoplasty Rhinoplasty ( , nose + , to shape), commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the nose. There are two types of plastic surgery used – reconstructive surgery that restores the form and functions of the nose and cosmetic surgery that improves the appearance of the nose. Reconstructive surgery seeks to resolve nasal injuries caused by various traumas including blunt, and penetrating trauma and trauma caused by blast injury. Reconstructive surgery also treats birth defects, breathing problems, and failed primary rhinoplasties. Most patients ask to remove a bump, narrow nostril width,"
"Breast augmentation Breast augmentation and augmentation mammoplasty (colloquially known as a ""boob job"") are plastic surgery terms for the breast-implant and the fat-graft mammoplasty approaches used to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts of a woman. As a primary reconstruction, augmentation mammoplasty is applied to effect a post–mastectomy breast reconstruction, the repair of the chest wound consequent to the removal of a cancerous breast; to correct congenital defects of the breast(s); and to correct congenital defects of the chest wall. As an elective, cosmetic surgery, primary augmentation changes the aestheticsof size, shape, and"
"Women's Sexual Medicine produced a report in 2007 concluding that ""vulvar plastic surgery may be warranted only after counseling if it is still the patient's preference, provided that it is conducted in a safe manner and not solely for the purpose of performing surgery"". Notes Further reading Labiaplasty Labiaplasty (also known as labioplasty, labia minora reduction, and labial reduction) is a plastic surgery procedure for altering the labia minora (inner labia) and the labia majora (outer labia), the folds of skin surrounding the human vulva. There are two main categories of women seeking cosmetic genital surgery: those with congenital conditions"
"Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (also known by the abbreviations UPPP and UP3) is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery used to remove tissue and/or remodel tissue in the throat. This could be because of sleep issues. Tissues which may typically be removed include: Tissues which may typically be remodeled include: UPPP involves removal of the tonsils, the posterior surface of the soft palate, and the uvula. The uvula is then folded toward the soft palate and sutured together as demonstrated in the figures. In the US, UPPP is the most commonly performed procedure for obstructive sleep apnea with approximately 33,000 procedures performed"
"Brachioplasty A brachioplasty, commonly called an arm lift, is a surgical procedure to reshape and provide improved contour to the upper arms and connecting area of chest wall. While “brachioplasty” is commonly used to describe a specific procedure for the upper arms, the term can also be used to describe any surgical arm contouring. Brachioplasty is often used to address issues such as excessive loose skin or excessive fat in the arms when it does not respond well to diet and exercise. Brachioplasty is a common procedure for patients who have experienced massive weight loss and has gained popularity since"
"breast reduction, is the removal of breast fat, glandular tissue and skin, resulting in a reduction in the size and weight of the breasts. This type of surgery is frequently used by women who experience discomfort such as back pain due to the in-proportion between body size and breast size and shape. A common term for brachioplasty is an arm lift. This is the reshaping of the dorsal portion of the arm spanning from the upper arm to the elbow. This procedure will reduce the downward sagging of the skin around the area of the triceps, tightening the skin. The"
"Palatoplasty Palatoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct or reconstruct the palate in a person with a cleft palate. The basic goals of the procedure are to close the abnormal opening between the nose and mouth, to help the patient develop normal speech, and to aid in swallowing, breathing and normal development of associated structures in the mouth. Any person with any degree of a cleft palate is a candidate for palatoplasty. The procedure is usually performed on infants. The ideal age for the patient is between six and twelve months of age. If the surgery is carried out"
"of cancer, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. Plastic surgeons use microsurgery to transfer tissue for coverage of a defect when no local tissue is available. Free flaps of skin, muscle, bone, fat, or a combination may be removed from the body, moved to another site on the body, and reconnected to a blood supply by suturing arteries and veins as small as 1 to 2 millimeters in diameter. Cosmetic surgery is a voluntary or elective surgery that is performed on normal parts of the"
"appropriate surgical procedure. The following procedures have been described for blepharochalasis: These are used to correct atrophic blepharochalasis after the syndrome has run its course. It is encountered more commonly in younger rather than older individuals. Blepharochalasis Blepharochalasis is an inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over the lid margins. It typically affects only the upper eyelids, and may be unilateral as well as bilateral. Complications of blepharochalasis may include conjunctival hyperemia (excessive"
"the fat surrounding the internal organs - increased, and this condition has been linked to life-shortening diseases such as diabetes, stroke, and heart attack. Body contouring is plastic surgery performed to different parts of the body with the aim of improving the shape and tone of the underlying tissue that supports fat. It is a common procedure performed for people who have undergone major weight loss. It may be performed in both men and women. Breast reduction, or reduction mammoplasty, is the cosmetic surgery used in resizing the breast, in women with oversized breasts and men who suffer from gynecomastia."
"Hymenorrhaphy Hymenorrhaphy or hymen reconstruction surgery is the temporary surgical restoration of the hymen. The term comes from the Greek words ""hymen"" meaning ""membrane"", and ""raphḗ"" meaning ""suture"". It is also known as hymenoplasty, although strictly this term would also include hymenotomy. Such procedures are not generally regarded as part of mainstream gynecology, but are available from some plastic surgery centers, particularly in the United States, Middle East, South Korea and Western Europe, generally as day surgery. The normal aim is to cause bleeding during post-nuptial intercourse, which in some cultures is considered proof of virginity. The term may cover"
"implant edges, capsular contracture, and tissue damage consequent to radiation therapy. Breast augmentation Breast augmentation and augmentation mammoplasty (colloquially known as a ""boob job"") are plastic surgery terms for the breast-implant and the fat-graft mammoplasty approaches used to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts of a woman. As a primary reconstruction, augmentation mammoplasty is applied to effect a post–mastectomy breast reconstruction, the repair of the chest wound consequent to the removal of a cancerous breast; to correct congenital defects of the breast(s); and to correct congenital defects of the chest wall. As an"
"Forehead lift A forehead lift, also known as a browlift or browplasty, is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to elevate a drooping eyebrow that may obstruct vision and/or to remove the deep “worry” lines that run across the forehead. The first documented medical discussion about a forehead lift was written in 1910 by the famous German surgeon Erich Lexer. Since the advent of the hugely popular wrinkle remover, Botox (Dysport in the United Kingdom and Europe) many consumers have eschewed the invasive surgery altogether, opting for Botox injections every four to six months to get the same results. Botox is"
"improve functionality and correct cosmetic abnormalities. Osteotomy (bone cutting) and zetaplasty surgeries are used to cut away abnormal tissue growths at the piriform aperture around and pharynx to reduce airway obstruction. Rhinoplasty surgery is used to restore normal appearance and function of the nose. Heart surgery may also be required to close a patent ductus arteriosus. Fetal warfarin syndrome Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy. Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight, slower growth, mental retardation, malformed bones, cartilage and joints, deafness"
"Somnoplasty Somnoplasty, commonly known as Turbinate reduction surgery, (composed of the Latin root ""somnus"", meaning sleep, and the Greek word ""plastia"", meaning molding or formation) is a medical treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat habitual snoring, chronic nasal obstruction, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using radiofrequency ablation to shrink the tissues that are causing the problem. Somnoplasty is typically an outpatient procedure that takes 30-45 minutes. Prior to somnoplasty procedure, a doctor may want a patient to attempt more conservative remedies such as sleeping in a different positions. Once the Somnoplasty procedure is started, the"
"congenital heart disease. Blepharochalasis results from recurrent bouts of painless eyelid swelling, each lasting for several days. This is thought to be a form of localized angioedema, or rapid accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Recurrent episodes lead to thin and atrophic skin. Damage to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle causes ptosis, or drooping of the eyelid, when the muscle can no longer hold the eyelid up. Dermatochalasis is sometimes confused with blepharochalasis, but these are two different conditions. A surgeon trained to do eyelid surgery, such as a plastic surgeon or ophthalmologist, is required to decide and perform the"
"disordered eating amongst Latinas. Plastic surgery is another method, and is especially popular in Asia for ""Westernizing"" facial features. Two of the most popular treatments are rhinoplasty (nose lifts), and blepharoplasty (eyelid lifts), which are done to make these features look more Caucasian. Skin lightening products are also prevalent in countries where non-white ethnicities are the majority, and the industry makes billions of dollars every year. In India alone, whitening products make up 45% of the skin care market. Plenty of these whitening cosmetics are known to have dangerous side effects due to the ingredients in them; hydroquinone, for instance,"
"Pyloroplasty Pyloroplasty is a surgery performed to widen the opening at the lower part of the stomach, also known as the pylorus. When the pylorus thickens, it becomes difficult for food to pass through. The surgery is performed to widen the band of muscle known as the pyloric sphincter, a ring of smooth, muscular fibers that surrounds the pylorus and helps to regulate digestion and prevent reflux (""see illustration)."" The widening of the pyloric sphincter enables the contents of the stomach to pass into the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum. Pyloroplasty can be performed on"
"Alveoloplasty Alveoloplasty is a dental pre-prosthetic procedure performed to smoothen or reshape the jawbone. In this procedure, the bony edges of the alveolar ridge and its surrounding structures is made smooth, redesigned or recontoured so that a well-fitting, comfortable, and esthetic dental prosthesis may be fabricated. This pre-prosthetic surgery prepares the mouth to receive a dental prosthesis. After tooth extraction, the residual crest irregularities, undercuts or bone spicules should be removed, because they may result in an obstruction in placing a prosthetic restorative appliance. Recontouring can be made at the time of extraction or at a later time. The simplest"
"Scrotoplasty Scrotoplasty, also known as oscheoplasty, is reparative or plastic surgery of the scrotum. As part of the surgical options for trans men, scrotoplasty is one of several operations performed to transform/reform the external genitalia into a penis and a scrotum. In this procedure, the labia majora (see vulva) are dissected to form hollow cavities, and united into an approximation of a scrotum. The surgeon may or may not deploy some sort of tissue expansion prior to the operation if there is insufficient skin tissue. Afterwards, silicone prosthetic testicles can be inserted to fill the new scrotum to enhance the"
"Dermatochalasis Dermatochalasis is a medical condition, defined as an excess of skin in the upper or lower eyelid, also known as ""baggy eyes."" It may be either an acquired or a congenital condition. It is generally treated with blepharoplasty. People with dermatochalasis often also have blepharitis, a condition caused by the plugging of glands in the eye that produce lubricating fluid (meibomian glands). Dermatochalasis can be severe enough that it pushes the eyelashes into the eye, causing entropion. Weakness in the orbital septum may cause the herniation of the orbital fat pads. This is observed as the presence of bulges"
"2000, physicians such as Andrew Tuan-Anh Le successfully developed benign techniques using modern fillers. Rhinoplasty Rhinoplasty ( , nose + , to shape), commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the nose. There are two types of plastic surgery used – reconstructive surgery that restores the form and functions of the nose and cosmetic surgery that improves the appearance of the nose. Reconstructive surgery seeks to resolve nasal injuries caused by various traumas including blunt, and penetrating trauma and trauma caused by blast injury. Reconstructive surgery also treats birth defects, breathing problems,"
"Urethroplasty Urethroplasty is the repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra. Trauma, iatrogenic injury and infections are the most common causes of urethral injury/defect requiring repair. Urethroplasty is regarded as the gold standard treatment for urethral strictures and offers better outcomes in terms of recurrence rates than dilatations and urethrotomies. It is probably the only useful modality of treatment for long and complex strictures though recurrence rates are higher for this difficult treatment group. There are four commonly used types of urethroplasty performed; anastomotic, buccal mucosal onlay graft, scrotal or penile island flap (graft), and"
"Blepharophimosis Blepharophimosis is a congenital condition characterized by a horizontally narrow palpebral fissure. It is also part of a syndrome blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome, also called blepharophimosis syndrome, which is a condition where the patient has bilateral ptosis with reduced lid size, vertically and horizontally. The nasal bridge is flat and there is hypoplastic orbital rim. Both the vertical and horizontal palpebral fissures (eyelid opening) are shortened; the eyes are also spaced more widely apart than usual, also known as telecanthus. Vignes (1889) probably first described this entity, a dysplasia of the eyelids. There are two known types"
"look and feel. Scrotoplasty Scrotoplasty, also known as oscheoplasty, is reparative or plastic surgery of the scrotum. As part of the surgical options for trans men, scrotoplasty is one of several operations performed to transform/reform the external genitalia into a penis and a scrotum. In this procedure, the labia majora (see vulva) are dissected to form hollow cavities, and united into an approximation of a scrotum. The surgeon may or may not deploy some sort of tissue expansion prior to the operation if there is insufficient skin tissue. Afterwards, silicone prosthetic testicles can be inserted to fill the new scrotum"
"patient, which is the therapeutic purpose of gluteoplasty. Buttock augmentation Gluteoplasty (Greek ""gloutόs"", rump + ""plassein"", to shape) denotes the plastic surgery and the liposuction procedures for the correction of the congenital, traumatic, and acquired defects and deformities of the buttocks and the anatomy of the gluteal region; and for the aesthetic enhancement (by augmentation or by reduction) of the contour of the buttocks. The corrective procedures for buttcock augmentation and buttcock repair include the surgical emplacement of a gluteal implant (buttock prosthesis); liposculpture (fat transfer and liposuction); and body contouring (surgery and liposculpture) to resolve the patient’s particular defect"
"Perineoplasty Perineoplasty (also perineorrhaphy) denotes the plastic surgery procedures used to correct clinical conditions (damage, defect, deformity) of the vagina and the anus. Among the vagino-anal conditions resolved by perineoplasty are vaginal looseness, vaginal itching, damaged perineum, incontinence, genital warts, dyspareunia, vaginal stenosis, vaginismus, vulvar vestibulitis, and decreased sexual sensation. Depending upon the vagino-anal condition to be treated, there are two variants of the perineoplasty procedure: the first, to tighten the perineal muscles and the vagina; the second, to loosen the perineal muscles. A perineoplasty procedure repairs damage to the perineum and damage to the Vulva that a woman might"