"eventually achieved what one scholar described as a ""meagre victory"": a retraction by ""Bild-Zeitung"". However, the success of the protests laid some foundation for further professional cooperation among Chinese restaurateurs. Germany also boasts a small number of Uyghurs, a Turkic-speaking ethnic minority of China who live in the Xinjiang region in northwest China; they form one of the few obvious communities of Chinese national minorities in Europe. Though they are Chinese citizens or formerly held Chinese citizenship, their ethnic and political identity is defined largely by opposition to China, and for the most part they do not consider themselves part"
"Chinese checkers Chinese checkers (US and Canadian spelling) or Chinese chequers (UK spelling) is a strategy board game of German origin (named ""Sternhalma"") which can be played by two, three, four, or six people, playing individually or with partners. The game is a modern and simplified variant of the American game Halma. The objective is to be first to race all of one's pieces across the hexagram-shaped board into ""home""—the corner of the star opposite one's starting corner—using single-step moves or moves that over other pieces. The remaining players continue the game to establish second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-, and last-place"
"The Game of Chinese Chess The Game of Chinese Chess or The Game of Chinese Checkers (French - ""Le jeu d'échets chinois"") is a drawing by the French artist François Boucher, showing an orientalised image of two people playing Xiangqi - actual Xiangqi pieces are all round, whereas the shapes of the pieces in the drawing are more varied. It is best known through the 39.4 by 27.7 cm engraving made after it by the Englishman John Ingram (1721 - c.1771; fl. 1763). It was part of a series of etchings he made of Boucher's chinoiserie subjects between 1741 and"
"the engraving with a shorter central inscription is also in the Metropolitan Museum. The Game of Chinese Chess The Game of Chinese Chess or The Game of Chinese Checkers (French - ""Le jeu d'échets chinois"") is a drawing by the French artist François Boucher, showing an orientalised image of two people playing Xiangqi - actual Xiangqi pieces are all round, whereas the shapes of the pieces in the drawing are more varied. It is best known through the 39.4 by 27.7 cm engraving made after it by the Englishman John Ingram (1721 - c.1771; fl. 1763). It was part of"
"Canadian checkers Canadian checkers (or Canadian draughts) is a variant of the strategy board game draughts. It is one of the largest draughts games, played on a 12×12 checkered board with 30 game pieces per player. The game was invented by the French settlers of Quebec, Canada; it was named ""Grand jeu de dames"". It is unknown when the game was first played in Canada. The ""huff"" rule was dropped in 1880 after a dispute developed during the Canadian championship match. The idea of an increased-size international draughts game is older still; boards with 12×12 squares were on sale in"
"Chinese Checkers. The aim of the game is to enter all one's pieces into the star corner on the opposite side of the board, before opponents do the same. Each player has ten or fifteen pieces. Ten-piece diamond uses a smaller gameboard than Chinese Checkers, with 73 spaces. Fifteen-piece diamond uses the same board as in Chinese Checkers, with 121 spaces. To play diamond each player selects one color and places their 10 or 15 pieces on a triangle. Two or three players can compete. Bibliography Chinese checkers Chinese checkers (US and Canadian spelling) or Chinese chequers (UK spelling) is"
"Abacus checkers Abacus checkers is a traditional two-player game popular in China. The game is played on a five-plus-two bead suanpan abacus. Rules are grouped into three main categories: Halma-type, Checkers-type, and Go-type. One player uses the up-beam while another player uses the down-beam. The initial layout for each side of the upper five beads on the beam, the beam under five on the other side of each beads by beam. Pieces can be stacked in one's own beads. The beam up stacked two beads, five beads up stacked beam. Each round of selection is one of the two movements,"
"checkers"" or ""Chinese fire drill"", the name identifies it as an ""exotic"" or confusing variation on something more familiar to westerners. A 2010 PBS documentary, ""New York Street Games"", shows people playing Ace-King-Queen. Chinese handball Chinese handball (known in its 3-or-more-player forms as ""Ace-King-Queen"", ""King(s)"", ""Down the River"" or ""Slugs""), is a form of American handball popular on the streets of New York City, Philadelphia, and Bridgewater, New Jersey during the 1960s, '70s, and '80s and is still played today, mostly in New York City, Philadelphia, and San Diego. Different variations are played around the world. Its defining feature is"
"The sport has become increasingly popular in China. The origin of snooker dates back to the latter half of the 19th century. In the 1870s, billiards was a popular activity amongst British Army officers stationed in India and several variations of the game were devised during this time. One such variation originated at the officers' mess of the 11th Devonshire Regiment in 1875, which combined the rules of two pocket billiards games, pyramid and life pool. The former was played with fifteen red balls and one black positioned in a triangle, while the latter involved the potting of designated coloured"
"Scottish army regiments. The symbol is used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Iceland and some cities in the United States (notably Chicago). Check (pattern) A check (also checker, Brit: chequer) is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical lines forming squares. The word is derived from the ancient Persian language word ""shah"", meaning ""king"", from the oriental game of chess, played on a squared board, particularly from the expression ""shah mat"", ""the king is dead"", in modern chess parlance ""check-mate"". The word entered the French language as ""echec"" in the 11th century, thence"
"and Jack Pressman in 1928. The Pressman company's game was originally called ""Hop Ching Checkers"". The game was introduced to Chinese-speaking regions mostly by the Japanese. The aim is to race all one's pieces into the star corner on the opposite side of the board before opponents do the same. The destination corner is called ""home"". Each player has 10 pieces, except in games between two players when 15 are used. (On bigger star boards, 15 or 21 pieces are used.) In ""hop across"", the most popular variation, each player starts with their colored pieces on one of the six"
"Despite being advanced technology in the year it was made, 20 years before Pong, the game took the form of a relatively small box and was able to regularly win games even against highly skilled players of the game. In 1951, using the Ferranti Mark 1 machine of the University of Manchester, Christopher Strachey wrote a checkers program and Dietrich Prinz wrote one for chess. These were among the first computer programs ever written. Arthur Samuel's checkers program, developed in the middle 50s and early 60s, eventually achieved sufficient skill to challenge a respectable amateur. Work on checkers and chess"
"China. Cards based on Chinese chess appeared during the nineteenth century. They are generally divided into two categories, those with two suits known as Red or , and those with four suits known as Four Color Cards. Each suit contains cards named after the seven different chessmen. Some decks have multiple copies of each card and may also contain ""gold"" wild cards. Most games are rummy-like but the two-suited Tam cúc in Vietnam is a multi-trick game. Chinese playing cards Playing cards () were most likely invented in China during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). They were certainly in existence"
"Chess Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century. The game was derived from the Indian game chaturanga, which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi, janggi, and shogi. Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the rules were standardized"
"""are not sufficient to play a game"". These extra rules are: Bell also includes a scoring system for rating games. Alquerque Alquerque (also known as Qirkat) is a strategy board game that is thought to have originated in the Middle East. It is considered to be the parent of draughts (US: ""checkers"") and Fanorona. The game does not appear in literature until late in the 10th century when the Arab author Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani mentioned Qirkat in his 24 volume work ""Kitab al-Aghani"" (""Book of Songs""). This work, however, made no mention of the rules of the game. In ""Board"
"Check (pattern) A check (also checker, Brit: chequer) is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical lines forming squares. The word is derived from the ancient Persian language word ""shah"", meaning ""king"", from the oriental game of chess, played on a squared board, particularly from the expression ""shah mat"", ""the king is dead"", in modern chess parlance ""check-mate"". The word entered the French language as ""echec"" in the 11th century, thence into English. Buffalo check or buffalo plaid has black hashes on a red background. In the United States, it got this name around 1850 when"
"Alquerque Alquerque (also known as Qirkat) is a strategy board game that is thought to have originated in the Middle East. It is considered to be the parent of draughts (US: ""checkers"") and Fanorona. The game does not appear in literature until late in the 10th century when the Arab author Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani mentioned Qirkat in his 24 volume work ""Kitab al-Aghani"" (""Book of Songs""). This work, however, made no mention of the rules of the game. In ""Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations"", R. C. Bell writes that ""when the Moors invaded Spain they took El-quirkat with"
"in China in about 3,000 B.C. These games bore a vague similarity to the early 17th century chess. In the Western world, war games date back to at least the German Kriegspiel of the mid-nineteenth century (Faria and Dickinson). Faria and Dickinson note that different war games have also been conducted in Japan before the Second World War and war games have been long used by the British and the Americans to test battle strategies. Military officers trained with war games in the 1930s and 1940s started to use their military training to manage civilian businesses. Some of the business"
"Xiangqi Xiangqi (; ), also called Chinese chess, is a strategy board game for two players. It is one of the most popular board games in China, and is in the same family as Western (or international) chess, ""chaturanga, shogi"", Indian chess and ""janggi"". Besides China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, ""xiangqi"" (""cờ tướng"") is also a popular pastime in Vietnam. The game represents a battle between two armies, with the object of capturing the enemy's general (king). Distinctive features of xiangqi include the cannon (""pao""), which must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting the generals from facing"
"playing cards were invented in China. Chinese playing cards, as we understand the term today, date from at least 1294, when Yen Sengzhu and Zheng Pig-Dog were apparently caught gambling in Enzhou (in modern Shandong Province). Cards entered Europe from the Islamic empire. The earliest authentic references to playing cards in Europe date from 1377. Europe changed the Islamic symbols such as scimitars and cups into graphical representations of kings, queens, knights and jesters. Different European countries adopted different suit systems. For instance, some Italian, Spanish and German decks of cards even today do not have queens. During the 15th"
"Biography"" describes the circumstances in which the new game came about: Chamberlain died on 28 May 1944 aged 88. Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain Sir Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain, (13 January 1856 – 28 May 1944) was a British Army officer, and later Inspector-General of the Royal Irish Constabulary who resigned in the aftermath of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland. He is credited with having invented the game of snooker while serving in Jubbulpore (Jabalpur), India, in 1875. Chamberlain was born into a military family, the son of Charles Francis Falcon Chamberlain and nephew of Neville Bowles Chamberlain. He was"
"London in 1805. Canadian checkers follows the same rules and conventions as international draughts, the only differences are the larger gameboard (12×12 squares instead of 10×10), and more checkers per player (30 instead of 20). The starting setup is shown in the diagram. Games are recorded using the same method of notation used by other draughts variants, extended for a board of 144 squares (see diagram). Bibliography Canadian checkers Canadian checkers (or Canadian draughts) is a variant of the strategy board game draughts. It is one of the largest draughts games, played on a 12×12 checkered board with 30 game"
"Draughts Draughts (British English) or checkers (American English) is a group of strategy board games for two players which involve diagonal moves of uniform game pieces and mandatory captures by jumping over opponent pieces. Draughts developed from alquerque. The name derives from the verb to draw or to move. The most popular forms are English draughts, also called American checkers, played on an 8×8 checkerboard; Russian draughts, also played on an 8×8, and international draughts, played on a 10×10 board. There are many other variants played on 8×8 boards. Canadian checkers and Singaporean/Malaysian checkers (also locally known as ""dum"") are"
"western scholars, like William Henry Wilkinson, Stewart Culin, Thomas F. Carter, and Michael Dummett attribute to the Chinese the invention of playing cards. Michael Dummett even contends that the concept of suits and the idea of trick-taking games were invented in China. Trick-taking games eventually became multi-trick games. These then evolved into the earliest type of rummy games during the early Qing dynasty (1644-1912). By the end of the monarchy, the vast majority of traditional Chinese card games were of the draw-and-discard or fishing variety. Chinese playing cards have proliferated into Southeast Asia by Chinese immigrants. They were also formerly"
"on the culture of China, including translations of the ""Analects of Confucius"", ""The Art of War"", and ""Tao Te Ching"", as well as several books on xiangqi or Chinese chess. In his book ""The Genealogy of Chess"" (which won the 'Book of the Year' 1998 award from the editors of GAMES Magazine), Li surveys evidence regarding the origins of chess and concludes that an early version of chess called xiangqi was invented in China in 203 BC, by General Han Xin, who supposedly drew on the earlier game ""liubo"" as well as on the teachings of ""The Art of War""."
"is commonly referred to as ""Western chess"", ""international chess"", ""orthodox chess"", ""orthochess"", and ""classic chess"". Reference aids Lists Chess Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century. The game was derived from the Indian game chaturanga, which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi, janggi, and shogi. Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of"
"""scacchi"" in Italian, ""escacs"" in Catalan, ""échecs"" in French (Old French ""eschecs""); ""schaken"" in Dutch, ""Schach"" in German, ""szachy"" in Polish, ""šahs"" in Latvian, ""skak"" in Danish, ""sjakk"" in Norwegian, ""schack"" in Swedish, ""šakki"" in Finnish, ""šah"" in South Slavic languages, ""sakk"" in Hungarian and ""şah"" in Romanian; there are two theories about why this change happened: The Mongols call the game ""shatar"", and in Ethiopia it is called ""senterej"", both evidently derived from ""shatranj"". Chess spread directly from the Middle East to Russia, where chess became known as шахматы (""shakhmaty"", literally ""checkmates"", a plurale tantum). The game reached Western"
"Pressman Toy Corporation Pressman Toy Corporation is a toy manufacturer based in Plano, Texas which was founded in 1922 by Jack Pressman. It currently focuses on family games and licensed products. The company was founded in 1922 by Jack Pressman, who brought in Max Eibitz as a partner in 1925, with Pressman doing sales and Eibitz managing the firm's Brooklyn factory. One of the company's first hits was Chinese checkers, a game that Pressman acquired the rights to in 1928 after spotting the game on a trip to Colorado, and first marketed as ""Hop Ching Checkers"". The company was an"
"by the next card from the stock, which must then be kept. The game appears to originate in Iran, India and Pakistan, where it is known under several names. ""Court"", ""coat"" or ""kot"" apparently stands for the achievement in the game, and ""pees"" is a Hindi word for ""to deal"". In the alternative name ""seven hands"", ""hands"" is Indian English for tricks. The game is popular amongst the Gujarati diaspora, particularly in East Africa, the UK and Canada who refer to the game as ""chokri"" or ""chakri"" (of which a six player variation is also played). Immigrants from the Indian"
"play. Snakes and Ladders originated in India as part of a family of dice board games that included Gyan chauper and pachisi (present-day Ludo and ""Parcheesi""). The game made its way to England and was sold as ""Snakes and Ladders"", then the basic concept was introduced in the United States as ""Chutes and Ladders"" (an ""improved new version of England's famous indoor sport"") by game pioneer Milton Bradley in 1943. Gyan chauper/Jnan chauper (game of wisdom), the version associated with the Jain philosophy encompassed the concepts like ""karma"" and ""Moksha"". The game was popular in ancient India by the name"
"arrived in Japan in the 5th or 6th century AD and it quickly became a favorite aristocratic pastime. Chinese Chess or Xiangqi seems to have been played during the Tang Dynasty, any earlier attestation is problematic. Several Xiangqi pieces are known from the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1126). It is unknown exactly how Xiangqi developed. Other traditional Asian Chess variants include Shogi (Japan), Makruk (Thailand), Janggi (Korea) and Sittuyin (Burma). Playing cards or tiles were invented in China as early as the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). The earliest unambiguous attestation of paper playing cards date back to 1294."
"The sight of elderly men playing Chinese chess in public parks, surrounded by watching crowds, is also common. Other board games such as Chinese checkers are enjoyed by people of all ages. Among teenagers, shopping, eating out, karaoke and video games are popular, with Japan being a major source of digital entertainment for cultural and proximity reasons. There are also popular local inventions such as the video game Little Fighter Online. In the mid 20th century, Hong Kong had some of the most up-to-date arcade games available outside Japan. Negative associations were drawn between triads and video game arcades. Nowadays,"
"Chinese emigrants to the United States, particularly California and New York, who worked as clerks and ""barely literate"" blue-collar workers enjoyed playing ""Shengguan Tu"" as a pastime. The game boards they would use were typically printed in Guangzhou. ""Shengguan Tu"" inspired the creation of similar games. The Song dynasty poet Wang Gui wrote a poem on a gambling game called ""Xuanxian Tu"", or ""Selecting an Immortal"", whose gameplay is identical to that of ""Shengguan Tu"" save players are either immortals or commoners, instead of mandarins. In ""Baiguan Duo"" (""Instructions for all Officials""), invented during the Ming dynasty, dice are substituted"