"braces). The Broxo Electric Toothbrush was introduced in the U.S. by E. R. Squibb and Sons Pharmaceuticals in 1960. After introduction, it was marketed in the U.S. by Squibb under the names Broxo-Dent or Broxodent. In the 1980s Squibb transferred distribution of the Broxodent line to the Somerset Labs division of Bristol-Myers Squibb. The General Electric automatic toothbrush was introduced in the early 1960s; it was cordless with rechargeable NiCad batteries and although portable, was rather bulky, about the size of a two-D-cell flashlight handle. NiCad batteries of this period suffered from the Memory effect. The GE Automatic Toothbrush came"
"ultrasonic toothbrushes, depending on whether they make movements that are below, in or above the audible range (20–20,000 Hz or 2400–2,400,000 movements per minute), respectively. The first electric toothbrush was produced by the Electro Massage Tooth Brush Company in the U.S.A. in 1927. In Switzerland in 1954 Dr. Philippe Guy Woog invented the Broxodent. Woog's electric toothbrushes were originally manufactured in Switzerland (later in France) for Broxo S.A. The device plugged into a standard wall outlet and ran on line voltage. Electric toothbrushes were initially created for patients with limited motor skills and for orthodontic patients (such as those with"
"now manufactures 70 million toothbrushes per year in the UK. By 1840 toothbrushes were being mass-produced in England, France, Germany, and Japan. Pig bristles were used for cheaper toothbrushes and badger hair for the more expensive ones. The first patent for a toothbrush was granted to H.N. Wadsworth in 1857 (U.S.A. Patent No. 18,653) in the United States, but mass production in the United States did not start until 1885. The improved design had a bone handle with holes bored into it for the Siberian boar hair bristles. Unfortunately, animal bristle was not an ideal material as it retained bacteria,"
"did not desiccate efficiently and the bristles were often extricated from their intended fixed insertions. In addition to bone, handles were made of wood or ivory. In the United States, brushing teeth did not become routine until after World War II, when American soldiers had to clean their teeth daily. During the 1900s, celluloid gradually replaced bone handles. Natural animal bristles were also replaced by synthetic fibers, usually nylon, by DuPont in 1938. The first nylon bristle toothbrush made with nylon yarn went on sale on February 24, 1938. The first electric toothbrush, the Broxodent, was invented in Switzerland in"
"UK. By 1840 toothbrushes were being mass-produced in England, France, Germany, and Japan. William Addis (entrepreneur) William Addis (1734–1808) was an English entrepreneur believed to have produced the first mass-produced toothbrush in 1780. Addis was born in 1734 in England, probably in Clerkenwell, London. In 1770, Addis had been jailed for causing a riot in Spitalfields. While in prison, and observing the use of a broom to sweep the floor, he decided that the prevalent method used to clean teeth at the timecrushed shell or soot with a cloth was ineffective and could be improved. To that end, he saved"
"Engel and Roy Martin. They formed a new company named GEMTech to promote a dental hygiene device using a piezoelectric multimorph transducer. After several years of research and creating prototypes, the Sonicare toothbrush was introduced in November 1992 at a periodontal convention. In 1995, GEMTech changed its name to Optiva Corporation. In October 2000, Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care, a division of Philips, acquired the company. A few months later Optiva Corporation changed its name to Philips Oral Healthcare, Inc. By the end of 2001, Sonicare had become the number-one selling rechargeable power toothbrush in the United States. In"
"Electric toothbrush An electric toothbrush is a toothbrush that makes rapid automatic bristle motions, either back-and-forth oscillation or rotation-oscillation (where the brush head alternates clockwise and counterclockwise rotation), in order to clean teeth. Motions at sonic speeds or below are made by a motor. In the case of ultrasonic toothbrushes, ultrasonic motions are produced by a piezoelectric crystal. A modern electric toothbrush is usually powered by a rechargeable battery charged through inductive charging when the brush sits in the charging base between uses. Electric toothbrushes can be classified according to the frequency (speed) of their movements as power, sonic or"
"of human hearing, can be called an ""ultrasonic"" toothbrush. In January 2015 at CES Las Vegas, French start-up Kolibree introduced the first Bluetooth-powered toothbrush. Kolibree's app recorded brushing habits data and user advice. This product received an Award and was available at Apple Store for $99. Claims have been made that electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual ones as they are less dependent upon a user's personal brushing technique. Some dentists also claim that they help children with overcoming their fear of the dentist. Independent research finds that most electric toothbrushes are no more effective than manual brushes—assuming that"
"use a step-down transformer to operate the actual toothbrush at low voltage (typically 12, 16 or 24 volts). Wiring standards in many countries require that outlets in bath areas must be protected by a RCD/GFCI device (e.g., required in USA since the 1970s on bathroom outlets in new construction). By the 1990s there were problems with safety certification of Broxo's original design. Further, improved battery-operated toothbrushes were providing formidable competition. The first ultrasonic toothbrush, first called the Ultima and later the Ultrasonex, was patented in the U.S. in 1992, the same year the FDA gave it approval for daily home"
"Oral-B Oral-B is a brand of oral hygiene products, including toothbrushes, toothpastes, electric toothbrushes, mouthwashes and dental floss. The brand has been in business since the invention of the Hutson toothbrush in 1950. The brand has been owned by American multinational Procter & Gamble (P&G) since 2006. Dr. Robert W. Hutson (1920–2001), a California periodontist, designed and patented a toothbrush in 1950. The application for his ""Hutson toothbrush"" was filed on January 13, 1950, and U.S. Patent No. 160,604 was granted on October 24 the same year. In 1958, he was granted a new patent for a ""mouthbrush"" having numerous"
"MotionSense. An international version of the teaser video was released in January 9, 2017. Electrolux Trilobite The Electrolux Trilobite is a robotic vacuum cleaner manufactured by the Swedish corporation Electrolux. It takes its name from the extinct arthropod, which scoured the ocean's floor. The prototype cleaner was first seen on the BBC television programme, ""Tomorrow's World"", in May 1996, when it was demonstrated by presenter Philippa Forrester (actually announced by press release in the UK on 1 Dec 1997 ). It was the world's first commercially available autonomous vacuum cleaner, introduced as a product in 2001, model ZA1. A revision"
"William Addis (entrepreneur) William Addis (1734–1808) was an English entrepreneur believed to have produced the first mass-produced toothbrush in 1780. Addis was born in 1734 in England, probably in Clerkenwell, London. In 1770, Addis had been jailed for causing a riot in Spitalfields. While in prison, and observing the use of a broom to sweep the floor, he decided that the prevalent method used to clean teeth at the timecrushed shell or soot with a cloth was ineffective and could be improved. To that end, he saved a small animal bone left over from the meal he had eaten the"
"the word toothbrush in English was in the autobiography of Anthony Wood who wrote in 1690 that he had bought a toothbrush from J. Barret. Europeans found the hog bristle toothbrushes imported from China too firm and preferred softer bristle toothbrushes made from horsehair. Mass-produced toothbrushes made with horse or boar bristle continued to be imported to England from China until the mid 20th century. In Europe, William Addis of England is believed to have produced the first mass-produced toothbrush in 1780. In 1770, he had been jailed for causing a riot. While in prison he decided that using a"
"2003, to improve Philips brand recognition in the US, Philips began rebranding the Sonicare toothbrush as ""Philips Sonicare"". Sonicare Sonicare is the brand name of an electric toothbrush produced by Philips. The brush head vibrates at hundreds of times per second, with the latest models at 31,000 strokes per minute or 62,000 movements per minute (258 Hz). Rather than connecting to its charger with conductors, it uses inductive charging—the charger includes the primary winding of the voltage-reducing transformer and the fat handle of the brush includes the secondary winding. The replaceable head is also driven magnetically. Individual clinical research has"
"placed in proximity, the powered coil from the stand transfers power by induction to the handle, charging the battery. According to Friends of the Earth, ""Disposable electric toothbrushes are one example of a terrible product ... it's virtually impossible to separate out the tech from the batteries and plastic casing which means valuable and often toxic materials are dumped in landfill or burnt in incinerators."" Many modern electric toothbrushes have a timer which buzzes, or briefly interrupts power, typically after two minutes, and sometimes every 30 seconds. This is associated with a customary recommendation to brush for two minutes, 30"
"Edison Manufacturing Company The Edison Manufacturing Company was a company organized in 1889 by the inventor and entrepreneur Thomas Edison that manufactured batteries, machinery and equipment, and also produced kinetoscope films. Its assets and operations were transferred to Thomas A. Edison, Inc. in 1911. Thomas Edison organized the Edison Manufacturing Company in December 1889 as his personal business for the purpose of making and selling the Edison-Lalande primary battery. It was formally incorporated on 5 May 1900 in New Jersey. The company made and sold batteries for use in telegraph, phonoplex, and telephone systems, and for phonographs, dental equipment, medical"
"Electrolux Trilobite The Electrolux Trilobite is a robotic vacuum cleaner manufactured by the Swedish corporation Electrolux. It takes its name from the extinct arthropod, which scoured the ocean's floor. The prototype cleaner was first seen on the BBC television programme, ""Tomorrow's World"", in May 1996, when it was demonstrated by presenter Philippa Forrester (actually announced by press release in the UK on 1 Dec 1997 ). It was the world's first commercially available autonomous vacuum cleaner, introduced as a product in 2001, model ZA1. A revision was released as Version 2.0 in 2004, model ZA2. The Trilobite contains a vacuum"
"a manual brush, the multi-directional power brush might reduce the incidence of gingivitis and plaque, when compared to regular side-to-side brushing. These brushes tend to be more costly. An electric toothbrush performs rotations of its bristles and cleans hard to reach places. Most studies report performances equivalent to those of manual brushings, possibly with a decrease in plaque and gingivitis although the electric version can be more comfortable. An additional timer and pressure sensors can encourage a more efficient cleaning process. Electric toothbrushes can be classified, according to the speed of their movements as: standard power toothbrushes, sonic toothbrushes, or"
"Ultrasonic toothbrush An ultrasonic toothbrush is an electric toothbrush designed for daily home use that operates by generating ultrasound in order to aid in removing plaque and rendering plaque bacteria harmless. It typically operates on a frequency of 1.6 MHz, which translates to 96,000,000 pulses or 192,000,000 movements per minute. Ultrasound is defined as a series of acoustic pressure waves generated at a frequency beyond human hearing. Electric toothbrushes have been used by the public since the early 1950s. Today, they have evolved and based on the speed of their vibration, can be divided into three categories: electric, sonic and"
"during the Tang Dynasty (619–907), it consisted of hog bristles. The bristles were sourced from hogs living in Siberia and northern China because the colder temperatures provided firmer bristles. They were attached to a handle manufactured from bamboo or bone, forming a toothbrush. In 1223, Japanese Zen master Dōgen Kigen recorded on Shōbōgenzō that he saw monks in China clean their teeth with brushes made of horsetail hairs attached to an oxbone handle. The bristle toothbrush spread to Europe, brought from China to Europe by travellers. It was adopted in Europe during the 17th century. The earliest identified use of"
"1954. By the turn of the 21st century nylon had come to be widely used for the bristles and the handles were usually molded from thermoplastic materials. Johnson & Johnson, a leading medical supplies firm, introduced the ""Reach"" toothbrush in 1977. It differed from previous toothbrushes in three ways: it had an angled head, similar to dental instruments, to reach back teeth; the bristles were concentrated more closely than usual to clean each tooth of potentially cariogenic (cavity-causing) materials; and the outer bristles were longer and softer than the inner bristles. Other manufacturers soon followed with other designs aimed at"
"McGraw Electric The McGraw Electric Company was a US manufacturer of electric appliances founded by Max McGraw in 1900. It grew through mergers and acquisitions to become a major enterprise. The best known product may have been the Toastmaster pop-up toaster. In 1957 McGraw Electric merged with Thomas A. Edison, Inc. to form McGraw-Edison. In the summer of 1900, aged 17, Max McGraw entered business as an electrician. He called his enterprise the McGraw Electric Company. Most of his early work was wiring houses that were converting from gas to electricity. The business struggled at first, but in the second"
"The complaint of 2011 stems from the thirty minute breaks agreed to in 2010 being later reduced to twenty minutes by Electrolux. Electrolux Electrolux AB (commonly known as Electrolux, ) is a Swedish multinational home appliance manufacturer, headquartered in Stockholm. It is consistently ranked the world's second largest appliance maker by units sold after Whirlpool. Electrolux products sell under a variety of brand names (including its own), and are primarily major appliances and vacuum cleaners intended for consumer use. The company also makes appliances for professional use. Electrolux has a primary listing on the Stockholm Stock Exchange and is a"
"Sonicare Sonicare is the brand name of an electric toothbrush produced by Philips. The brush head vibrates at hundreds of times per second, with the latest models at 31,000 strokes per minute or 62,000 movements per minute (258 Hz). Rather than connecting to its charger with conductors, it uses inductive charging—the charger includes the primary winding of the voltage-reducing transformer and the fat handle of the brush includes the secondary winding. The replaceable head is also driven magnetically. Individual clinical research has shown Sonicare toothbrushes to be more effective than comparable Oral-B electric toothbrushes in reduction of gingival inflammation and"
"of a small brush on a handle. Toothpaste, often containing fluoride, is commonly added to a toothbrush to aid in cleaning. Toothbrushes come in manual and electric varieties. Although there is conflicting evidence as to which is more effective, most evidence points to electric toothbrushes with an oscillatory motion being more effective than manual toothbrushes, with toothbrushes lacking an oscillatory motion being equivalent. A 2014 Cochrane review found moderate evidence that electric toothbrushing reduce plaque and gingivitis more than the manual one. Overall, both manual and electric toothbrushes are effective, however, and it is often recommended that people use whichever"
"later Ultrasonex by Sonex Corporation, was first patented in the USA in 1992 by Robert T. Bock, the same year the FDA gave it approval for daily home use. Initially, the Ultima worked only on ultrasound. A few years later, a motor was added to the Ultrasonex brush, which provided additional sonic vibration. Sonex was then sold to Salton, Inc., who began distributing the product in the USA and many other countries. In 2008, Salton Corporation’s new owners decide to exit the oral hygiene market and since then, several new companies started selling ultrasonic toothbrushes such as the Ultreo, Megasonex,"
"Reach (brand) Reach is a brand of oral hygiene products, including toothbrushes, dental floss and mouthwash. The brand started from Reach toothbrushes developed by DuPont in 1976. 1976 – DuPont enters toothbrush market after four years of research conducted by ""bio-dental team"" from Tufts University, headed by Percy H. Hill Jr., consultant to Applied Ergonomics company. Reach Toothbrush was the first ergonomically designed toothbrush, that proved significantly better in clinical trials and spawned a whole new field of ""toothbrush design"". 1976 article at ""Chicago Tribune"" highlights the following unique selling propositions of the new toothbrush: ""an angled-shaped four-sided handle (for"
"of use and after three months of use, the reduction observed was greater – 21% reduction in plaque and 11% reduction in gingival inflammation. In addition, ultrasound from a commercially available ultrasonic toothbrush has been shown to break up dental plaque composed of chains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria, destroying their cell walls and removing their methods of attachment to the enamel surface, at a distance of 5mm from the plaque. The effectiveness of an electric toothbrush depends not only on its type of action and on correct use, but also on the condition of the brush head. Most manufacturers"
"others Dr. Paul Ashley, Head of Pediatric dentistry at the Eastman Dental Institute and Dr. Aubrey Sheiham from University College London's Dental Public Health department. After a successful Kickstarter campaign in Spring 2015 the version one oft he Playbrush dongle launched in November 2015, with mobile apps for Android and iOS, in Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom. In 2018 the electric toothbrush Playbrush Smart Sonic was released. The company raised several rounds of venture capital to develop and market its innovation. The company also announced partnerships with Unilever, Pro 7 and Uniqa. Playbrush's technology consists of hardware and software."
"Brush Electrical Machines Brush Electrical Machines is a manufacturer of electrical generators typically for gas turbine and steam turbine driven applications. The main office is based at Loughborough in Leicestershire, UK. Charles Francis Brush, born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1849, founded the Brush Electric Light Company, which stayed in business in the U.S. until 1889 when it was absorbed into the Thomson-Houston Company making Brush a wealthy man. In 1880, the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light Corporation was established in Lambeth, London. Its formation was to exploit the invention of Brush's first electric dynamo in 1876. As the business grew, due"
"company manufactured its first fountain pen. By 1930 the company sought less expensive means of manufacturing pens as gold and jewel tips were growing too expensive and in this same year they began selling fountain pens in England. The Esterbrook Company began using the metal Iridium which they called ""Durachrome"". To meet the fountain pen demand the company reformed as ""The Esterbrook Hazel Pens Ltd"". In 1940 war had come to strike a blow at the Esterbrook company. In 1947 Esterbrook bought out John Mitchell (which had been established in 1822 as the World's first manufacturer to cut nibs by"
"the machine to switch direction, and an emergency stop rod. The new Thor washer was mass marketed throughout the United States beginning in 1908. There is dispute over who was the first inventor of the automatic washer. A company called Nineteen Hundred Washing Machine Company of Binghamton, NY claims to have produced the first electric washer in 1906; a year before Thor's release. Additionally, it has been stated in various articles on the Internet that a Ford Motor Company employee invented the electric washer in late 19th century or early 20th century. Since Ford was incorporated in 1903, it seems"
"an inventor. This ""electric device"" designed by Misell was powered by ""D"" batteries laid front-to-back in a paper tube with the light bulb and a rough brass reflector at the end. Misell, the inventor of the tubular hand-held ""electric device"" (flashlight), assigned his invention over to the American Electrical Novelty and Manufacturing Company owned by Conrad Hubert. In 1905, Hubert changed the name again to ""The American Ever Ready Company"", selling flashlights and batteries under the trademark ""Ever Ready"". In 1906 the British Ever Ready Electrical Company was formed for export of batteries; it became independent in 1914. In 1914,"