"named ""thaler"". Several, however, acknowledge its legacy with their names: twenty-three currencies named ""dollar"", used in countries including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand and the United States of America, as well as ""tolar"" (Slovene for thaler), used in Slovenia until the end of 2006. Between 1992 and 1995, Belarus planned to introduce Belarusian taler as a national currency. The birr, the official currency of Ethiopia and Eritrea, takes its name from the local name for thaler, as well as the riyal of many Arabian countries. In colloquial German, ""Thaler"" persisted with the meaning of ""three marks"" until the 1930s,"
"(modern: ) is German for ""valley"", and a ""thaler"" is a person or a thing ""from the valley"". The Czech spelling was ; many varieties of the term are used in different languages. In the 1902 spelling reform, the German spelling was changed from ""Thal"" and ""Thaler"" to ""Tal"" and ""Taler"", which however did not affect the English spelling of ""thaler"". The later Dutch also carried the picture of a lion, which gave them the name (""lion thaler""). From an abbreviation of ""leeuwendaalder"" come the names of three present-day Balkan currencies, the Romanian and Moldovan Leu and the Bulgarian Lev."
"as when the mark system was introduced in 1871, one Vereinsthaler was revalued at 3 marks. In Greece, the term ""taliro"" () is commonly used for the denomination of five of the local currency (5 drachmae or 5 euros). This reflects the fact that, when introduced in 1833, the new Greek currency, the drachma, corresponded to of the value of one thaler, the latter coin thus being equivalent to the 5-drachma coin. The term is still used for the 5-euro banknote. In 2017 a cryptocurrency named Taler was launched in Belarus as a legal payment instrument. Thaler The thaler was"
"Maria Theresa thaler The Maria Theresa thaler (MTT) is a silver bullion coin that has been used in world trade continuously since it was first minted in 1741. It is named after Empress Maria Theresa, who ruled Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia from 1740 to 1780 and is depicted on the coin. In 1741 they used the Reichsthaler standard of 9 thalers to the Vienna mark (a weight approximating half a pound of fine silver). In 1750 the thaler was debased to 10 thalers to the Vienna mark. The following year the new standard was effectively adopted across the German-speaking world"
"or nowadays usually ""Tal"" (cognate with ""dale"" in English). St. Joachim's Valley is now known as Jáchymov, in the Czech Republic (then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia). Joachimstaler was later shortened to the German ""Taler"", a word that eventually found its way into many languages, including Danish and Swedish as ""daler"", Norwegian as ""dalar"" and ""daler"", Dutch as ""daler"" or ""daalder"", Ethiopian as ታላሪ (""talari""), Hungarian as ""tallér"", Italian as ""tallero"", and English as ""dollar"". Alternatively, ""thaler"" is said to come from the German coin ""Guldengroschen"" (""great guilder"", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder),"
"and gave their name to the currencies of Romania and Moldova, the ""leu"", and of Bulgaria, the ""leva"", which literally translates to ""lion"". In the Netherlands, the name ""rijksdaalder"" lived on until the ""gulden"" was replaced by the euro in 2002. But in the Caribbean the coin still exists today. On Curaçao and Sint Maarten, the Netherlands Antillean guilder will be replaced by the newly created Caribbean guilder no earlier than 2013. The new currency will not keep the ""rijksdaalder"". The thaler was introduced and became the most widespread currency in Scandinavia under the name daler during the early 17th"
"Mary, was portrayed on the coin along with the Bohemian lion. Similar coins began to be minted in neighbouring valleys rich in silver deposits, each named after the particular 'thal' or valley from which the silver was extracted. There were soon so many of them that these silver coins began to be known more widely as 'thaler' in German and 'tolar' in the Czech language. From these earliest 'thaler' developed the new thaler – the coin that the Holy Roman Empire had been looking to create as a standard for trade between the regions of Europe. The original Joachimsthaler Guldengroschen"
"became shortened in common usage to ""thaler"" or ""taler"". The German name ""Joachimsthal"" literally means ""Joachim's valley"" or ""Joachim's dale"". This name found its way into other languages: Czech and Slovenian ""tolar"", Hungarian tallér, Danish and Norwegian ""(rigs) daler"", Swedish ""(riks) daler"", Icelandic ""dalur"", Dutch "" (rijks) daalder or daler"", Ethiopian ""ታላሪ (""talari"")"", Italian ""tallero"", Greek τάλληρον, τάλιρο, ""tàlleron"", ""tàliro"", Polish ""talar"", Persian ""dare"", as well as – via Dutch – into English as ""dollar"". A later Dutch coin also depicting a lion was called the ""leeuwendaler or leeuwendaalder"", literally 'lion daler'. The Dutch Republic produced these coins to accommodate"
"some 18 million MTTs in Bombay to use in their campaign to drive the Italians out of Ethiopia. The Maria Theresa thaler bearing the date of 1780 is a ""protected coin"" for the purposes of Part II of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981. Maria Theresa thaler The Maria Theresa thaler (MTT) is a silver bullion coin that has been used in world trade continuously since it was first minted in 1741. It is named after Empress Maria Theresa, who ruled Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia from 1740 to 1780 and is depicted on the coin. In 1741 they used the"
"1 Thaler. Zürich thaler The Thaler was the currency of Zürich until 1798. It was subdivided into 2 ""Gulden"", each of 36 ""Schillinge"", with the Schilling divided into 4 ""Rappen"" or 12 ""Haller"". It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the Zürich Frank. The thaler was worth of a Cologne mark. Thalers, with ""Doppelthalers"" and ""halbe Thalers"", were minted in Zürich first in the 16th century. First dated coins are Guldiners minted in 1512. In the late 18th century, silver coins were issued in denominations of 5 and 20"
"By 1850, nearly all German states used this standard of Thaler, though with differing subdivisions. In 1857, the Vereinsthaler was adopted by most German states as well as in the Habsburg Empire. Vereinsthalers were issued until 1871 in Germany and 1867 in Austria. Within the new German Empire, vereinsthaler coins circulated as 3-mark pieces until 1908 when they were withdrawn and demonetized. Some old countermarked thalers circulated as emergency coinage in Germany during the inflationary period following its defeat in the First World War. The Maria Theresa thaler was still used during the 20th century in Ethiopia and throughout much"
"Hasegg in 1567, Hall experienced a decisive upswing. Between 1748 and 1768, Hasegg Castle became universally famous for its minting of silver Thalers of which it produced over 17 million specimens. The Thaler, a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years, sees its name live on in various currencies as the ""dollar"" or ""tolar"". The mint ceased production in 1806 due to the Napoleonic Wars and the increasing lack of local silver resources. The mint in Hasegg Castle is a museum now, and open to the general public. Demonstrations of historical minting techniques are given from time"
"thaler was worth ""Gulden"". These Thaler were replaced by the ""Vereinsthaler"", of almost the same weight, in 1857. Reichsthaler The Reichsthaler () was a standard Thaler of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1566 by the Leipzig convention. It was also the name of a unit of account in northern Germany and of a silver coin issued by Prussia. The Leipzig convention set the Reichsthaler as a coin containing of a Cologne mark of silver. The various German states within the Empire issued Reichsthaler together with smaller coins according to whatever system of subdivisions they chose. In 1754, the Conventionsthaler"
"when it was accepted formally in the Bavarian monetary convention. Because of the date of the Bavarian Monetary convention, many writers erroneously state that the Maria Theresa Thaler was first struck in 1751. Since the death of Maria Theresa in 1780, the coin has always been dated 1780. On 19 September 1857, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria declared the Maria Theresa thaler to be an official trade coinage. A little over a year later, on 31 October 1858, it lost its status as currency in Austria. The MTT could also be found throughout the Arab world, especially in Saudi Arabia,"
"Tanzania to Mozambique. Its popularity in the Red Sea region was such that merchants would not accept any other type of currency. The Italian government produced a similar designed coin in the hope of replacing the Maria Theresa thaler, but it never gained acceptance. The Maria Theresa thaler was also formerly the currency of the Hejaz, Yemen, the Aden Protectorate as well as Muscat and Oman on the Arabia peninsula. The coin remains popular in North Africa and the Middle East to this day in its original form: a silver coin with a portrait of the buxom empress on the"
"Zürich thaler The Thaler was the currency of Zürich until 1798. It was subdivided into 2 ""Gulden"", each of 36 ""Schillinge"", with the Schilling divided into 4 ""Rappen"" or 12 ""Haller"". It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the Zürich Frank. The thaler was worth of a Cologne mark. Thalers, with ""Doppelthalers"" and ""halbe Thalers"", were minted in Zürich first in the 16th century. First dated coins are Guldiners minted in 1512. In the late 18th century, silver coins were issued in denominations of 5 and 20 Schillinge, and"
"Yemen, and Muscat and Oman, in Africa, especially in Ethiopia, and in India. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in World War II, enough people preferred it to the money issued by the occupying forces that the American Office of Strategic Services created counterfeit MTTs for use by resistance forces. In German-speaking countries, following a spelling reform dated 1901 that took effect two years later, ""Thaler"" is written ""Taler"" (the spelling of given names like ""Theresia"" was not affected). Hence 20th-century references to this coin in German and Austrian sources are found under ""Maria-Theresien-Taler"". The spelling in English-speaking countries was"
"Conventionsthaler to the Vereinsthaler standard. Spain introduced its decimal currency unit, the peseta, in 1868, replacing all previous currencies. Cyprus decimalised the Cypriot pound in 1955, which comprised 1,000 mils, later replaced by 100 cents. On Decimal Day, 15 February 1971, the United Kingdom decimalised the pound sterling and Ireland decimalised the Irish pound (see below). Malta decimalised the lira in 1972. The euro, which comprises 100 cents, was introduced in the eurozone, and as of 2015, it replaced 19 national currencies in Europe. In places where £sd was used, the decimalisation process either defined one new penny = pound,"
"1780, it has been minted continuously well into the 20th century in several countries. It is still produced in Austria for sale to collectors. The Maria Theresa thaler was previously exported in large quantities to East Africa and the Middle East. It was so highly regarded in Africa that its purchasing power for goods and raw materials was higher there than in Austria. A distinction must be drawn between full value bullion trade coins, that were used in ordinary peacetime trade on the one hand, and on the other hand debased coins, that were usually made with the intention to"
"Vereinsthaler The Vereinsthaler (, ""union thaler"") was a standard silver coin used in most German states and the Austrian Empire in the years before German unification. The Vereinsthaler was introduced in 1857 to replace the previous standard Thaler (based on the Prussian Thaler) which was very slightly heavier. While the earlier Thaler had contained one fourteenth of a Cologne mark of silver (16.704 grams), the Vereinsthaler contained grams of silver, which was indicated on the coins as one thirtieth of a metric pound (pfund, equal to 500 grams). The Vereinsthaler was used as the base for several different currencies. In"
"Prussian thaler The Thaler (sometimes Reichsthaler) was the currency of Prussia until 1857. From 1750, it was distinct from north German Reichsthaler unit of account in that it contained of a Cologne mark of silver, rather than , and was minted as a coin. This change was implemented by Johann Philipp Graumann and the system of 14 thaler to the mark was known as the ""Graumannscher Fuß"". Until 1821, the thaler was subdivided in Brandenburg into 24 ""Groschen"", each of 12 ""Pfennige"". In Prussia proper, it was subdivided into 3 ""Polish Gulden = FL = Zloty "", each of 30"
"became a nickname for the denomination. The Vereinsthaler coins continued to circulate as 3 mark coins until 1908, when they were replaced with smaller 3 mark coins. The name Thaler for 3 marks persisted until the 1930s. Austria-Hungary stopped issuing Vereinsthaler coins in 1867, following the Austro-Prussian War. Vereinsthaler The Vereinsthaler (, ""union thaler"") was a standard silver coin used in most German states and the Austrian Empire in the years before German unification. The Vereinsthaler was introduced in 1857 to replace the previous standard Thaler (based on the Prussian Thaler) which was very slightly heavier. While the earlier Thaler"
"1516, which produced 3 million ounces of silver per year at its peak in the 1530s. Silver from the Joachimsthal mine was used to make silver coins called Joachimsthaler, which later came to be called the Thaler and saw use around much of Europe for over four hundred years. This name lives on today in the dollar as well as the Slovenian tolar. The shortage of gold during the 15th century in Europe motivated importation of gold from other continents. The Portuguese attempted to solve the gold shortage by traveling to Africa where gold was rumored to be found in"
"Hesse-Kassel thaler The Thaler was the currency of the Landgravate, then Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) until 1858. Until 1807, the Thaler was subdivided into 32 ""Albus"", each of 12 ""Heller"". It was worth three quarters of a Conventionsthaler. Between 1807 and 1813, the Westphalian Thaler and Westphalian Frank circulated in Hesse-Kassel. The Thaler and Heller were reintroduced in 1813, but without the Albus (the last coins denominated in Albus were issued in 1782). Thus, 384 Heller = 1 Thaler. In 1819, the Thaler was set equal to the Prussian Thaler. In 1841, a new currency system was introduced, dividing"
"St. Gallen thaler The Thaler was the currency of St. Gallen until 1798. It was subdivided into 2 ""Gulden"", each of 60 ""Kreuzer"" or 240 ""Pfennig"". It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the St. Gallen Frank. Coins were issued by both the Abbey of St. Gall and the City. In the late 18th century, the Abbey coinage consisted of billon 1 Pfennig, 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 Kreuzer, together with silver 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30 Kreuzer, 1 Gulden, and 1 Thaler. The city coinage consisted"
"Lira Lira (plural lire) is the name of several currency units. It is the current currency of Turkey and also the local name of the currencies of Lebanon and Syria. It is the former currency of Italy, Malta, San Marino and the Vatican City, all of which were replaced in 2002 with the euro, and of Israel, which replaced it with the old shekel in 1980. The term originates from the value of a troy pound (Latin ""libra"") of high purity silver. The libra was the basis of the monetary system of the Roman Empire. When Europe resumed a monetary"
"Berne thaler The ""Thaler"" was the currency of the Swiss canton of Bern until 1798. It was subdivided into 40 ""Batzen"", each of 4 ""Kreuzer"". It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the Berne Frank in the canton of Bern, and by the Vaud franc in the canton of Vaud. In the late 18th century, billon coins were issued in denominations of and 1 Kreuzer, and 1 Batzen, together with silver 10 and 20 Kreuzer, , and 1 Thaler, and gold , 1 and 2 ""Duplone"". The Kreuzer coins"
"its booming international trade. The ""leeuwendaler"" circulated throughout the Middle East and was imitated in several German and Italian cities. This coin was also popular in the Dutch East Indies and in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York). It was in circulation throughout the Thirteen Colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries and was popularly known as ""lion (or lyon) dollar"". The currencies of Romania and Bulgaria are, to this day, 'lion' (""leu""/""lev""). The modern American-English pronunciation of ""dollar"" is still remarkably close to the 17th century Dutch pronunciation of ""daler"". Some well-worn examples circulating in the Colonies"
"petty cash. In 1420 Pskov started to mint their own silver coin and from 1424 started to use rubles instead marten snouts. The main currency used in the trade between Hanseatic cities in the 16th century was the thaler – a heavy (29 grams) high-quality silver coin which was minted in German cities, most of them in Bohemian Joachimsthal after which thalers in Pskov and Novgorod were called “efimki”. In Pskov-Hansa trade most often were used thalers minted in Lübeck. Until the 17th century exchange thaler rate was 1:36 (36 kopeks for 1 thaler). In the first half of the"
"The roots and development of the thaler-sized silver coin date back to the mid-15th century. As the 15th century drew to a close the state of much of Europe's coinage was quite poor because of repeated debasement induced by the costs of continual warfare, and by the incessant centuries-long loss of silver and gold in indirect one-sided trades importing spices, porcelain, silk and other fine cloths and exotic goods from India, Indonesia and the Far East. This continual debasement had reached a point that silver content in Groschen-type coins had dropped, in some cases, to less than five percent, making"
"of billon 2, 3, 6 and 15 Kreuzer coins. St. Gallen thaler The Thaler was the currency of St. Gallen until 1798. It was subdivided into 2 ""Gulden"", each of 60 ""Kreuzer"" or 240 ""Pfennig"". It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the St. Gallen Frank. Coins were issued by both the Abbey of St. Gall and the City. In the late 18th century, the Abbey coinage consisted of billon 1 Pfennig, 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 Kreuzer, together with silver 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30 Kreuzer,"
"who gave his name to the place where the first thalers were minted). It was known in the English-speaking world by the 17th century, appearing in 1686 edition of ""An Introduction to Merchants' Accounts"" by John Collins. Robert Morris was the first to use this symbol in official documents and in official communications with Oliver Pollock. The U.S. dollar was directly based on the Spanish Milled Dollar when, in the Coinage Act of 1792, the first Mint Act, its value was fixed (per the U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8, clause 1 power of the United States Congress ""To coin"
"the coin from 31.93 g down to 29.20 g. This made it possible to mint nine guldiners to have the silver weight equivalent of one Cologne Mark, rather than the eight in Tirol. This new coin was known as the Joachimsthaler (Joachimsthal guldiner), but like the guldengroschen being contracted to guldiner, the joachimsthaler became known simply as the thaler. This new coin was an instant success and was the great grandfather of many other similar weight coins like the daalder, dollar, tolar, tallero, etc. Guldengroschen itself, has been the main motive for many collectors coins and medals. One of the"