"excommunicated when Adrian died at Anagni on 1 September 1159, reputedly choking on a fly in his wine, but probably of quinsy. His biography was first written by Cardinal Boso in his extension to the ""Liber Pontificalis"". Amongst a group of modern houses in the village of Bedmond near St Albans is a small plaque recording the spot as his birthplace, historically in the parish of Abbots Langley. Today the village has several streets named after him, including Popes Road, Adrian Road and Breakspeare Road. There is a Nicholas Breakspear Catholic School in St Albans, and a Breakspear Primary School"
"of 25 October. His feast day is celebrated on 1 December, the day of his martyrdom. Alexander Briant Saint Alexander Briant (17 August 1556 – 1 December 1581) was an English Jesuit and martyr, executed at Tyburn. He was born in Somerset, and entered Hart Hall, Oxford (now Hertford College), at an early age. While there, he became a pupil of Father Robert Parsons and he completed his studies with him at Balliol College, which, along with his association with Richard Holtby, led to his conversion. After leaving university, he entered the English College at Reims then went to the"
"this church that the second Anglican female priest, and first female priest in Arizona, was ordained. In 1928, St. Alban's Chapel, an Episcopalian church, was established on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. After undergoing several name changes, St. Albans is the name of a community West of Charleston, West Virginia, the capitol of the state. Saint Alban Saint Alban (; ) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, and he is considered to be the British protomartyr. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an"
"at the same time as that of Saint Alban the first British martyr, who was killed in the Roman city of Verulamium (beside modern-day St Albans). He writes: This city of the legions is identified with Caerleon, rather than Chester, because there were two medieval chapels there dedicated to each of these martyrs. They were probably executed in 304, during the religious persecutions of Diocletian's reign. However, these chapels may have been founded as a result of Bede's writings and cannot be dated archaeologically any earlier than the church of St John's in Chester which is also situated next to"
"John Ingram (martyr) The Blessed John Ingram (1565 – 26 July 1594) was an English Jesuit and martyr from Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, who was executed in Gateshead on 26 July 1594, during the reign of Elizabeth I. Ingram was probably the son of Anthony Ingram of Wolford, Warwickshire, by Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Hungerford. He began his education in Worcestershire and attended New College, Oxford. He then converted to Catholicism and studied at the English College, Rheims, at the Jesuit College, Pont-a-Mousson, and at the English College, Rome. He was ordained at Rome in 1589; and then, early in"
"are known to have been present at the Council of Arles (314). Others attended the Council of Serdica in 347 and that of Ariminum in 360. A number of references to the church in Roman Britain are also found in the writings of 4th century Christian fathers. Britain was the home of Pelagius, who opposed Augustine of Hippo's doctrine of original sin. The first recorded Christian martyr in Britain, St Alban, is thought to have lived in the early 4th century, and his prominence in English hagiography is reflected in the number of parish churches of which he is patron."
"was acquitted but his heresy Pelagianism condemned. The earliest historically recorded bishop is Aëtius, a friend of Arius. The city was renamed Georgiopolis after local martyr St George, patron saint of England was born in the town and buried on the site of the basilica of Georgius, first mentioned about 530 by pilgrim Theodosius. It suffered gravely under pagan Persian border incursions and faded at the advent of Arab Muslims. In 1099, during the triumphant First Crusade (1096–1099), Lydda and Arab neighbour town Ramla were assigned to Robert, a Norman known after his natal diocese Rouen (in Normandy, France, where"
"Thomas Garnet Saint Thomas Garnet (c.1575 – 23 June 1608) was a Jesuit priest who was executed in London. He is the protomartyr (i.e., the first martyr associated with a place) of Saint Omer and therefore of Stonyhurst College. He was executed at Tyburn and is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. Thomas Garnet was born into a prominent family in Southwark. His uncle, Henry Garnet, was the superior of the Jesuits in England. Richard Garnet, Thomas's father, was at Balliol College, Oxford, at the time when great severity began to be used against Catholics. His example"
"classrooms on the university's campus. Born in London in 1579, he began formal education at age 14 at the English College at Douai, France. He entered English College of St. Alban's in Valladolid, Spain, in 1595 at the same time as other notable English Catholic priests, including the later Saint and martyr Thomas Garnet. He sought further education in Seville, and was ordained at Douai in 1605, after which he returned to England. Caught up in a wave of anti-Catholic arrests following the Gunpowder Plot, he was arrested and in 1606, banished from England. Moving to Leuven in Belgium, he"
"whole translation in the first instance and bore the brunt of the work throughout. He was born in Maxfield, a parish of Guestling, near Winchelsea, in Sussex, an historic county of South East England, and entered as one of the original scholars of St John's College, Oxford, in 1557. Among those who also entered at the beginning was Edmund Campion, the Jesuit martyr; at this period of his life, he conformed to the Established Anglican Church, and was ordained as a deacon. Campion was Martin's close friend throughout his Oxford days, and he remained a Catholic. When he found it"
"since been canonised or beatified by the Church. The College's Protomartyr was St Ralph Sherwin. He was born in Rodsley, Derbyshire, around 1550 and educated at Eton College and at Exeter College, Oxford, before leaving for Douai and then Rome, where, like every subsequent generation of seminarists, he studied at the Roman College, which later became the Pontifical Gregorian University. His name stands first in the famous Liber Ruber (a list of students who took the missionary oath in Rome before returning to England), where he is recorded as saying that he was ready, ""today rather than tomorrow, at a"
"of Canterbury; Tudor-era Catholic prelate Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey; and author, poet and Benedictine monk John Lydgate. Other significant persons from Suffolk include the suffragette Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett; the captain of ""HMS Beagle"", Robert FitzRoy; Witch-finder General Matthew Hopkins; educationist Hugh Catchpole; and Britain's first female physician and mayor, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Charity leader Sue Ryder settled in Suffolk and based her charity in Cavendish. King of East Anglia and Christian martyr St Edmund (after whom the town of Bury St Edmunds is named) was killed by invading Danes in the year 869. St Edmund was the patron saint of"
"declared Blessed (the last stage prior to sainthood) by Pope John Paul II on 22 November 1987. Dryburne Martyrs The Dryburne Martyrs, Richard Hill, Richard Holiday, John Hogg and Edmund Duke (all died 27 May 1590) were English Roman Catholic priests and martyrs, executed at Dryburne, County Durham, in the reign of Elizabeth I. Not much is known of their early lives. Duke was born in Kent in 1563. The other three came from Yorkshire (Hogg from Cleveland) but their dates of birth are unknown. They all arrived in the mid-1580s at the English College at Rheims to study for"
"Saint Alban Saint Alban (; ) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, and he is considered to be the British protomartyr. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an early date from Roman Britain (""Amphibalus"" was the name given much later to the priest he was said to have been protecting). He is traditionally believed to have been beheaded in the Roman city of Verulamium (modern St Albans) sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, and his cult has been celebrated there since ancient times. According to the most"
"takes its name from the first British saint, Alban. The most elaborate version of his story, Bede's ""Ecclesiastical History of the English People"", relates that he lived in Verulamium, sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, when Christians were suffering persecution. Alban met a Christian priest fleeing from his persecutors and sheltered him in his house, where he became so impressed with the priest's piety that he converted to Christianity. When the authorities searched Alban's house, he put on the priest's cloak and presented himself in place of his guest. Consequently, he was sentenced to endure the punishments that were"
"Alban's Abbey, which contained the relics of England's first Christian martyr; Ripon, with the shrine of its founder St. Wilfrid; Durham, which was built to house the body of Saints Cuthbert of Lindisfarne and Aidan; Ely, with the shrine of St. Etheldreda; Westminster Abbey, with the magnificent shrine of its founder St. Edward the Confessor; and Chichester, which held the honoured remains of St. Richard. All these saints brought pilgrims to their churches, but among them the most renowned was Thomas Becket, the late Archbishop of Canterbury, who was assassinated by henchmen of King Henry II in 1170. As a"
"by Pope Leo XIII, by means of a decree of 29 December 1886 and was canonised along with other martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI on 25 October 1970. Mayne was the first seminary priest, the group of priests who were trained not in England but in houses of studies on the Continent. He was also one of the group of prominent Catholic martyrs of the persecution who were later designated as the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. Relics of Mayne's body survive. A portion of his skull is in the Carmelite Convent at Lanherne, Cornwall."
"Pope Pius XI. Attribution Edward Stransham Edward Stransham (born at Oxford about 1557; executed at Tyburn, 21 January 1586) was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929. Edward Stransham was born at Oxford around 1557. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, becoming B.A. in 1575-6. He arrived at Douai College in 1577, and went with the college to Reims in 1578, but returned to England due to illness. In 1579, however, he returned to Reims with four potential students, and was ordained priest at Soissons in December 1580. Although ill he left"
"incorporating the local Christian elements into the religious life of the Roman, and later East Roman Empire. According to a tradition first recorded in the 3rd century AD, Saint Andrew, brother of Saint Peter, passed through the region in the 1st century with his disciples. However Christianity became widespread only in the 3rd and 4th centuries. Several remains of early Christian churches are found throughout the region, and ecclesiastic histories record martyrs in all the major urban centres. Bishop Ephrem, killed on 7 March 304 in Tomis (modern Constanţa), was the first known Christian martyr of this region, persecution continuing"
"christian nations, and the Muslim incursions into Europe. He is best known for initiating the First Crusade (1096–99) and setting up the modern-day Roman Curia in the manner of a royal ecclesiastical court to help run the Church. He promised forgiveness and pardon for all of the past sins of those who would fight to reclaim the holy land, and free the eastern churches.This pardon would also apply to those that would fight the Moors in Spain. Urban, baptized Eudes (Odo), was born to a family of Châtillon-sur-Marne. He was prior of the abbey of Cluny, later Pope Gregory VII"
"John Adams (Catholic martyr) The Blessed John Adams (ca. 1543 – 8 October 1586) was an English Catholic priest and martyr. He was born at Winterborne St Martin in Dorset at an unknown date (ca. 1543?) and became a Protestant minister. He later entered the Catholic Church and travelled to the English College then at Rheims, arriving on 7 December 1579. He was ordained a priest at Soissons on 17 December 1580. He set out for the mission in England on 29 March 1581, but returned to Rheims and again set our for England 18 June 1583. He is known"
"declared venerable by the Catholic Church. In 1929 Edward James was beatified by Pope Pius XI. His feast day is 1 October. Edward James (martyr) Blessed Edward James (c.1557 – 1 October 1588) was an English Catholic priest and martyr. James was born at Barton, Breaston, near Long Eaton, Derbyshire. He was educated at Derby School, St John's College, Oxford, the English college at Rheims and the Venerable English College at Rome. In October, 1583 James was ordained as a priest in Rome by Bishop Thomas Goldwell, the last survivor of the English bishops who had refused to accept the"
"alive, but they were stayed by a gentleman on horseback who made them wait until Rawlins was dead, and then lower the rope so his body should not fall. His feast is on 7 April. Alexander Rawlins Blessed Alexander Rawlins (c.1550 - 7 April 1595) was an English Roman Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929. While Richard Challoner says that Rawlins was born somewhere on the border between Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, Rawlins states to the examiners that he was born a Catholic in the city of Oxford. He went to school in Winchester before continuing his studies at Hart Hall at"
"including Priscilla and Aquila; Ignatius of Antioch, martyred in Rome; Polycarp, martyred in Rome and a disciple of John the Evangelist; Agnes, Roman martyr; Lawrence, martyr; Justin Martyr, teacher and martyr; Hippolytus, priest and martyr; Cecilia, Roman martyr; Ambrose of Milan, bishop and Doctor of the Church; Jerome, theologian and Doctor of the Church; Benedict of Nursia, founder of the Benedictine order and of Western monasticism; Leo the Great, bishop of Rome and Doctor of the Church; Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome and Doctor of the Church; Augustine of Canterbury, Roman monk, Benedictine missionary to England, later English bishop;"
"St John Houghton Catholic Voluntary Academy St John Houghton Catholic Voluntary Academy (commonly known as Saint John Houghton) (formerly St John Houghton Catholic School) is a mixed Roman Catholic secondary school located in Kirk Hallam (near Ilkeston) in the English county of Derbyshire. The school is named after Saint John Houghton, a Carthusian hermit and Catholic priest who was the first English Catholic martyr to die as a result of the Act of Supremacy by King Henry VIII of England. It was established as a voluntary aided school in January 1965 called The Blessed John Houghton Catholic School. The school"
"young daughters, Deliverance, Comfort, Safety and Sure-Hope before his death. The signature of his old enemy Whitgift was the first of those affixed to the death warrant. John Penry John Penry (1559 – 29 May 1593) is Wales's most famous Protestant martyr. He was born in Brecknockshire, Wales; Cefn Brith, a farm near Llangammarch, is traditionally recognised as his birthplace. He matriculated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, in December 1580, being then probably a Roman Catholic, but soon became a Protestant, with strong Puritan tendencies. Having graduated B.A., he moved to St Alban Hall, Oxford, and gained his M.A. in July 1586."
"Hell for his share in Mayne's death. In fact the brother, filled with guilt for his share in the execution, has not only converted to the Roman Catholic faith but is risking his life by sheltering other priests. Cuthbert Mayne Cuthbert Mayne (c. 1543–29 November 1577) was an English Roman Catholic priest executed under the laws of Elizabeth I. He was the first of the seminary priests, trained on the Continent, to be martyred. Mayne was beatified in 1886 and canonised as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970. Mayne was born at Youlston, near Barnstaple"
"and supporting pillars with four flat blank arches to each side of the top. In this font was baptised Saint Cuthbert Mayne (1544–1577), the first English Roman Catholic ""seminary priest"" to be martyred under the laws of Elizabeth I. Mayne was beatified ""equipollently"" by Pope Leo XIII, by means of a decree of 29 December 1886 and was canonized along with the other Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI on 25 October 1970. The south aisle, north transept and the top stages of the tower are of the 15th century. The south aisle was cleared of pews"
"Hunstanton and learned the whole Psalter, so that he could recite it from memory. Edmund may have been killed at Hoxne, in Suffolk. His martyrdom is mentioned in a charter that was written when the church and chapel at Hoxne were granted to Norwich Priory in 1101. Place-name evidence has been used to link the name of Hoxne with Haegelisdun, named by Abbo of Fleury as the site of Edmund's martyrdom, but this evidence is dismissed by the historian Peter Warner. The association of Edmund's cult with the village has continued to the present day. Dernford, Cambridgeshire and Bradfield St"
"front. 1st Window Left St Alban, the first British Christian martyr, Centre St George, engaged in slaying the dragon, Right St Edmund King, King of the East Angles holding an arrow symbolic of his being shot for refusing to deny his Christian faith. 2nd Window Left St Cuthbert, holding a head in his hands, Centre St Benedict, holding a book probably containing his Monastic Rule followed by Benedictine monks. Right St Germanus. 3rd Window Left St Ethelbert, King who received Augustine and was converted by him, Centre St Augustine, consecrated as Archbishop of the English and established his see at"
"loved by many. He was beatified ""equipollently"" by Pope Leo XIII, by means of a decree of 29 December 1886. Thomas Sherwood (martyr) Blessed Thomas Sherwood (c. 1552–1579) was a Catholic layman and martyr. Sherwood was born in London of Catholic parents and began his adult life as a woollen draper. He eventually decided to travel to the new English College at Douai and study for the priesthood in 1576. Before completing his studies he decided to return to London to settle his affairs and find money to support his further studies. In the city he was a visitor to"
"possibly on 20 November (the feast of St Edmund the Martyr), in Abingdon in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), 7 miles south of Oxford, England. He was the oldest of four children. ""Rich"" was an epithet sometimes given to his wealthy merchant father. It was never applied to Edmund or his siblings in their lifetimes. Edmund may have been educated at the monastic school in Abingdon. His early studies were in England, but he completed his higher learning in France at the University of Paris. About 1195, in company with his brother Richard, he was sent to the schools of Paris. He"
"Tyburn. Thomas Cottam Blessed Thomas Cottam (1549 – 30 May 1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr from Lancashire, who was executed during the reign of Elizabeth I. Cottam was born to Protestant parents, Laurence Cottam of Dilworth and Anne Brewer, but was converted as an adult to Catholicism by Thomas Pound. He studied at Brasenose College, Oxford, and received his M.A. on 14 July 1572, before leaving for London, where he became master of a grammar school. It was there that he met Pound and decided to head to Douai to become a priest. He was ordained a"