"in political commitment and faulted it for not offering a vision of a better future. In contrast, Morgado's painting was a great success with Spanish Communists and with the public. The art critic Clement Greenberg was also critical of ""Guernica"", but for different reasons. In a later essay, Greenberg termed ""Guernica"" ""jerky"" and ""too compressed for its size"", and compared it unfavorably to the ""magnificently lyrical"" ""The Charnel House"" (1944–48), a later antiwar painting by Picasso. Among the painting's admirers were the art critic Jean Cassou and the poet José Bergamín, both of whom praised the painting as quintessentially Spanish."
"launch a revolution as the Germans withdrew from the country, but the leadership, acting on Stalin's instructions, opposed this and adopted a policy of co-operating with the Allied powers and advocating a new Popular Front government. Many well-known figures joined the party during the war, including Pablo Picasso, who joined the PCF in 1944. The Communists came out extraordinarily strengthened from the Resistance, in terms of both organisation and prestige. With the liberation of France in 1944, the PCF, along with other resistance groups, entered the government of Charles de Gaulle. As in post-war Italy, the communists were very popular"
"the unionized working class in the 1940s. It then participated to the Popular Front's successor, the Democratic Alliance. Concern over the PCCh's success at building a strong electoral base, combined with the onset of the Cold War, led to its being outlawed in 1948 by a Radical government, a status it had to endure for almost a decade until 1958 when it was again legalized. By the 1960s, the party had become a veritable political subculture, with its own symbols and organizations and the support of prominent artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Neruda, the Nobel Prize-winning poet, and Violeta"
"course."" In a 1945 interview with Jerome Seckler, Picasso stated: ""I am a Communist and my painting is Communist painting. ... But if I were a shoemaker, Royalist or Communist or anything else, I would not necessarily hammer my shoes in a special way to show my politics."" His commitment to communism, common among continental intellectuals and artists at the time, has long been the subject of some controversy; a notable demonstration thereof was a quote commonly attributed to Salvador Dalí (with whom Picasso had a rather strained relationship): In the late 1940s, his old friend the surrealist poet and"
"Spanish Civil War in 1936, Picasso was 54 years of age. Soon after hostilities began, the Republicans appointed him ""director of the Prado, albeit in absentia"", and ""he took his duties very seriously"", according to John Richardson, supplying the funds to evacuate the museum's collection to Geneva. The war provided the impetus for Picasso's first overtly political work. He expressed anger and condemnation of Francisco Franco and fascists in ""The Dream and Lie of Franco"" (1937), which was produced ""specifically for propagandistic and fundraising purposes"". This surreal fusion of words and images was intended to be sold as a series"
"logo was dropped at this time, replaced by a drawing of a dove by Pablo Picasso. Sammarinese Communist Party The Sammarinese Communist Party (, abbreviated PCS) was a Marxist political party in the small European republic of San Marino. It was founded in 1921 as a section of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI). The organization existed for its first two decades as an underground political organization in a nation dominated by adherents of fascism. Between 1945 and the spring of 1957 the PCS governed the country in coalition with the Sammarinese Socialist Party (PSS). The communist-socialist coalition lost power"
"(PS). This party is the current anticommunist-PS which was formed in 1944, in supported of President Gabriel Gonzalez Videla. He was the Secretary General of the PS between 1944-1946. Ibáñez was elected deputy for 6th Departmental district of Valparaiso and Quillota. between the years of 1941-1945. Ibáñez was the PS presidential candidate for the 1946 election, but on gained 12,114 votes (2.53%). Bernardo Ibáñez Bernardo Ibáñez Águila (born in Antuco, Chile, July 12, 1902 - Santiago, Chile, August 19, 1983) was a Chilean schoolteacher and political figure. He was the Socialist candidate in Chile's 1946 presidential election. Ibáñez was union"
"castrated their prisoners. As his flight through north Africa resulted in his arrival in Spain just in time to join the Trotskyite faction in the first year of the Spanish civil war other reasons may have existed. He noted in later life that the external supporters of the Republican cause had no motivation to arm or supply this faction and indeed was in fear for his life from both Stalinist and Fascist agents by the time he fled to France about a year later. In 1938 in Paris, he met Pablo Picasso and André Masson and associated with Benjamin Péret."
"World War, Picasso remained in Paris while the Germans occupied the city. Picasso's artistic style did not fit the Nazi ideal of art, so he did not exhibit during this time. He was often harassed by the Gestapo. During one search of his apartment, an officer saw a photograph of the painting ""Guernica"". ""Did you do that?"" the German asked Picasso. ""No,"" he replied, ""You did"". Retreating to his studio, he continued to paint, producing works such as the ""Still Life with Guitar"" (1942) and ""The Charnel House"" (1944–48). Although the Germans outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso continued regardless,"
"but the leadership, acting on Stalin's instructions, opposed this and adopted a policy of cooperating with the Allied powers and advocating a new Popular Front government. During the Nazi occupation of France, the French Trotskyist group Parti Ouvrier Internationaliste printed the clandestine magazine ""Arbeiter und Soldat"" (""Worker and Soldier"") to German troops. The publication opposed both fascism and western imperialism, and 12 issues were distributed from July 1943 through July 1944. Many well-known intellectual and artistic figures were attracted to the Communist party during the war, including the artist Pablo Picasso and the writer and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Philosophers Georges"
"The Dream and Lie of Franco The Dream and Lie of Franco is a series of two sheets of prints, comprising 18 individual images, and an accompanying prose poem, by Pablo Picasso produced in 1937. The sheets each contain nine images arranged in a 3x3 grid. The first 14, in etching and aquatint, are dated 8 January 1937. The remaining four images were added to the second printing plate later, without use of aquatint, and dated June 7, 1937. ""The Dream and Lie of Franco"" is significant as Picasso's first overtly political work and prefigures his iconic political painting ""Guernica""."
"the Peronist Party, General Juan Domingo Perón returns from exile in Madrid where he had spent eighteen years under the protection of Francisco Franco. On September 11, 1973 Salvador Allende is overthrown in a CIA backed military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet in neighboring Chile. In June 1973, Montes-Bradley joined the (UES) and became involved in political activism. The deaths of Pablo Picasso, Pablo Casals, Pablo Neruda and Víctor Jara, all of which occurred in 1973, had a profound impact in his generation. Montes-Bradley will eventually recall '73 as a milestone year in his life: ""Not because of anything"
"the Reimann School between 1927 and 1930. In Depression-ravaged Germany, he could not find work and subsequently moved to Madrid, Spain. He worked as a freelance artist for publishers Dedalo, Oriente, Zeus, and Ulises. Before mid-1936, he joined the Communist Party, and in his position as the person ""responsible for transport of the National Artistic Treasure"" traveled to Valencia, protecting paintings evacuated from the Museo del Prado. In July 1937, he participated in the Congress of Anti-fascist Intellectuals, where he met Chilean poets Vicente Huidobro and Pablo Neruda, who since 1935 had been a cultural attaché in the Chilean embassy."
"Spanish Civil War. He was the cofounder and the political commissar of the Garibaldi Brigade. After the defeat of the Spanish Republic and the victory of General Francisco Franco he returned to France. In 1943, he was arrested by the Germans in Vichy France and then imprisoned in Italy on the island of Ponza. After being liberated in August 1943, he returned to Rome to lead the Italian Socialist Party, which had been reunified as the ""Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity"". After the surrender of Italy with the Allied armed forces on September 8, 1943, he was one of"
"The Charnel House The Charnel House (Le Charnier) is a c.1944–1948 painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), purportedly dealing with the Nazi genocide of the Holocaust. The black and white 'grisaille' composition centres on a massed pile of corpses, and was based primarily upon film and photographs of a slaughtered family during the Spanish Civil War. It is considered to be Picasso's second major anti-war painting, the first being the monumental ""Guernica"" (1937), but it is not thought to be as significant as that work because the artist left it unfinished. Picasso spent at least six months working on"
"""The Charnel House"" which has iconographic links to the graphic work of Picasso's Spanish compatriot Francisco de Goya (1746–1828). Picasso's friend and biographer Pierre Daix records that the title of the painting was not one assigned to it originally by Picasso himself – the artist referred to ""The Charnel House"" as simply 'my painting' or 'the massacre'; nevertheless, in later years after the Second World War Picasso refused to retitle the painting once its identity as ""The Charnel House"" gained popularity, and it was first exhibited as such following Picasso's joining of the Communist Party in 1946. The Charnel House"
"war was in his pictures. Modern art became the bearer of liberal values, as opposed to the reactionary artistic preferences of the totalitarian regimes. Artistic choices embodied different positions in the ongoing ideological battle. Placing Alberto Sánchez Pérez's abstract sculpture, ""The Spanish people have a path that leads to a star"" (1937), at the entrance of the pavilion of the Spanish Republic was a political statement. So was commissioning modern artists to create works of art for this pavilion. Pablo Picasso showed two works: a pair of etchings entitled ""The Dream and Lie of Franco"", 1937, and his monumental painting,"
"Franquist counter-revolution, against which he protested violently. The following year, the bombing of Guernica inspired him to write the poem ""Victory of Guernica"". During these two terrible years for Spain, Éluard and Picasso were inseparable. The poet told the painter ""you hold the flame between your fingers and paint like a fire."" Mobilized in September 1939, he moved to Paris with Nusch after the Armistice of 22 June 1940. In January 1942, he sent her to the home of some of his friends, Christian and Yvonne Zervos, near Vézelay—near the maquis. Éluard asked to rejoin the French Communist Party, which"
"of fascist movements with some of its members wearing uniforms and undergoing paramilitary training. With its progressive economic program (creating an alternative to capitalism, ""redeeming"" the proletariat) it was in open conflict with the Catholic high clergy who accused it of disrespecting the Church's leadership and siding with communists. Despite its aim to be a centrist alternative to the left and the right, and relatively great public attention, it never received more than 4 percent of the votes. Later it supported the administration of Juan Antonio Ríos (1942–46) and in 1957 merged with the Social Christian Conservative Party into the"
"in 1940 and Teodoro Picado Michalski in 1944 becoming a dominant party. During Calderón's leadership the party moved toward Christian democracy and Christian socialism making some of the country's first social reforms in alliance with the Communist Party. Criticism over corruption, authoritarianism and voting fraud against the party and the results of the 1948 election in which the republican-dominated Congress overturned the elections because its candidate Calderón apparently lost cause the 1948 Civil War. After that the party will be banned for a while and its leaders Calderón and Picado in exile. The party would have still relevance in the"
"Spanish Republican refugees landed in Valparaíso on board of an old cargo ship, the ""Winnipeg"", which journey had been organized by the Special consul for Spanish emigration in Paris, the poet Pablo Neruda. In 1941 due to his rapidly escalating illness, Cerda appointed his minister of the Interior, Jerónimo Méndez as vice-president, and died soon after, on November 25, 1941. The left-wings' coalition remained intact after President Cerda's death, united by a common opponent, General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo. The Democratic Alliance (""Alianza Democrática"") chose as candidate a member of the conservative wing of the Radical Party, Juan Antonio Ríos,"
"Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (; ; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist ""Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"" (1907), and ""Guernica"" (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica"
"Counselor of the Economic and Social Council of Córdoba between 1994 and 1996. She joined the Socialist Workers' Party in 1999. In April 1996, Calvo was appointed Minister of Culture of the Regional Government of Andalusia under the presidency of Manuel Chaves. Having being joined the Socialist Workers' Party in 1999, she was elected MP for Córdoba in the Parliament of Andalusia in 2000. She was in office between her appointment in 1996 until her appointment as Culture Minister of the Government of Spain. During her eight-years-term as Regional Minister of Culture, she inaugurated the Museo Picasso Málaga of contemporary"
"with a key role in continuing the Galicianism movement throughout the Spanish Civil War (for which reason he was imprisoned between 1946 and 1949). As an intellectual, he was one of the founders and first directors of the Galaxia publishing house and the Grial magazine. In politics, besides helping to form the ""Mocidades Galeguistas"" (Galicianist Youths), he was a member of the Galicianist Party. During Spain's democracy, he was also an independent deputy of the Parliament of Galicia, being listed with the Socialist Party (PSdeG-PSOE). His main goal was to try to strip Galicianism of its political component, and to"
"was led by Amadeo Bordiga. Gramsci replaced Bordiga's leadership at a conference in Lyon and issued a manifesto expressing the programmatic basis of the party. However, Gramsci soon found himself jailed by Mussolini's regime and the leadership of the party passed to Palmiro Togliatti. Togliatti would lead the party until it emerged from suppression in 1944 and relaunched itself as the PCI. The party played a major role during the national liberation (""Resistenza"") and in the April 1944 after the ""svolta di Salerno"" (Salerno's turn), Togliatti agreed to cooperate with King Victor Emmanuel III so the Communists took part in"
"Objectivity"") emerged as Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz and others politicized their paintings. The work of these artists grew out of expressionism, and was a response to the political tensions of the Weimar Republic, and was often sharply satirical. During the 1930s radical leftist politics characterized many of the artists connected to Surrealism, including Pablo Picasso. On 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, the Basque town of Gernika was the scene of the ""Bombing of Gernika"" by the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe. The Germans were attacking to support the efforts of Francisco Franco to overthrow"
"Picasso's Rose Period Picasso's Rose Period represents an important epoch in the life and work of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and had a great impact on the developments of modern art. It began in 1904 at a time when Picasso settled in Montmartre at the Bateau-Lavoir among bohemian poets and writers. Following Picasso's Blue Period, depicting themes of poverty, loneliness, and despair in somber tones of daunting blues, Picasso's Rose Period represents more pleasant themes of clowns, harlequins, and carnival performers, depicted in cheerful vivid hues of red, orange, pink and earth tones. Based largely on intuition rather than"
"first Post-Franco municipal elections (1979), he was elected a councilor (alderman) in Madrid on the UCD ticket. From then until 1982, he was also Director General of the ""Patrimonio Artístico, Archivos y Museos"" at the Ministry of Culture. At this time, he oversaw negotiations between the family of Pablo Picasso and the Museum of Modern Art to return Picasso's iconic painting, ""Guernica"", to Spain. Its installation at the Museo del Prado would become a major symbol of the restoration of democracy. Despite this success, Tusell was dismissed by the Minister of Culture, Soledad Becerril, ostensibly over disagreements involving libraries and"
"Robustiano Patrón Costas, vice-president of the Senate and sugar entrepreneur, who had supported him in 1938. Meanwhile, the Democratic Union political coalition (which included the Radical Civic Union, the Democratic Progressive Party, as well as the Socialist Party and the Communist Party) had been formed in 1942. Their electoral platform, aimed against endemic corruption, announced the needs to guarantee ""freedom of thought and assembly"" and ""labor union rights"", as well as vouching for ""active solidarity with the people struggling against the Nazi-Fascist aggression"". On 4 June 1943, the nationalist faction of the army, gathered around the ""Grupo de Oficiales Unidos"""
"Communist Party of Spain The Communist Party of Spain (; PCE) is a historically Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, is part of the United Left coalition. The PCE was founded by 1921, after a split in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (; PSOE). The PCE was founded by those who opposed the social democratic wing of the PSOE, because it did not support the PSOE's integration in the Communist International founded by Vladimir Lenin two years prior. The PCE was a merger of the Spanish Communist Party ( and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (). The PCE was first legalized"
"between 1943 and 1945. Initially, he seemed to be very interested in the social-democratic component of the Italian Socialist Party, but then he started cooperating with other Christian democratic politician in opposition to the fascist regime. During this years he met Alcide De Gasperi, Mario Scelba, Giovanni Gronchi and Amintore Fanfani. On 19 March 1943 the group reunited in the house of Giuseppe Spataro officially formed the Christian Democracy (DC). In the DC, he joined the left-wing faction led by Giuseppe Dossetti. In 1945 he became director of the magazine ""Studium"" and president of the Graduated Movement of the Catholic"
"to Mexico City to take a job at the San Rafael Paper Co. and undertake studies in painting at National School of Painting and Sculpture (1944–46). In 1946 he joined Mexican Communist Party and soon started directing its Communist Youth's organizing committee (1948–50). After some years rising through its hierarchy, including spending some time in the Soviet Union studying Communism, he joined a faction that succeeded in overthrowing the long-time leadership of Stalinist , who had led the party from 1940 to 1960. He was chosen as Secretary-General of the Mexican Communist Party's Central Committee in 1963 and remained in"
"between Tierno and Felipe Gonzalez, the PSOE leader in April 1978. and the following year Tierno Galván was elected Mayor of Madrid by the PSOE and PCE. People's Socialist Party (Spain) The People's Socialist Party (, PSP) was a Spanish political party. The origins of the party dated back to 1954 when the University professor, Enrique Tierno Galván published various academic studies of a Marxist character. In 1965, working together with Raúl Morodo, he formed the Castillian Socialist Federation (Federación Socialista Castellana). Two years later, the party became the 'Partido Socialista del Interior' or the Socialist Party of the Interior,"