"The Persian The Persian is a major character from the Gaston Leroux novel ""The Phantom of the Opera"". In the book he is the one who tells most of the background of Erik's history. Erik refers to him as the ""daroga"" (, Persian for ""police-chief"") and his memoirs are featured in five chapters of the novel. He is also considered Erik's only friend. In the 1925 silent film ""The Phantom Of The Opera"", his character was changed into a inspector for the secret police named ""Ledoux"" who had been investigating Erik for months. He still helps and accompanies Raoul to"
"several orchestral and choral works, songs, and piano pieces, but he was primarily known for his operas. Xavier Leroux Xavier Henry Napoleón Leroux (11 October 1863 – 2 February 1919) was a French composer and a teacher at the Paris Conservatory. He was married to the famous soprano Meyrianne Héglon (1867-1942). Born in Velletri, Leroux was the son of a military bandleader. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris under Jules Massenet and Théodore Dubois, and won the Prix de Rome in 1885 with the cantata ""Endymion"". From 1896 he taught harmony there. Notable students include Eugène Bigot, Georges Dandelot,"
"published in 2015. It chronicled his year-long effort to record and release an album of self-written songs with a group of session musicians, and was released concurrently with the album ""Songs from Studio Grace"". Eric Siblin Eric Siblin is a Canadian musician and writer. A former music critic for the ""Montreal Gazette"", he is most noted for his 2009 book ""The Cello Suites: J.S. Bach, Pablo Casals, and the Search for a Baroque Masterpiece"". The book won both the McAuslan First Book Prize and the Mavis Gallant Prize for Non-Fiction from the Quebec Writers' Federation Awards, and was a shortlisted"
"Xavier Leroux Xavier Henry Napoleón Leroux (11 October 1863 – 2 February 1919) was a French composer and a teacher at the Paris Conservatory. He was married to the famous soprano Meyrianne Héglon (1867-1942). Born in Velletri, Leroux was the son of a military bandleader. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris under Jules Massenet and Théodore Dubois, and won the Prix de Rome in 1885 with the cantata ""Endymion"". From 1896 he taught harmony there. Notable students include Eugène Bigot, Georges Dandelot, Marc Delmas, Roger Désormière, Louis Fourestier, Henri Mulet, Paul Paray, Louis Vuillemin, and Albert Wolff. Leroux composed"
"in the Cursus d’Informatique Musicale programme. Since 2011 he has been an associate professor in composition at the Schulich School of Music, McGill University. Philippe Leroux Philippe Leroux (born 24 September 1959 in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French composer living in Montréal, Québec, who has been identified as ""one of the most important composers in contemporary music."" Leroux studied composition starting in 1978 with Ivo Malec, Claude Ballif, Pierre Schaeffer, and Guy Rebeil at the Paris Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique, where he obtained three first prizes. He studied at both the Groupe de Recherches Musicales and at IRCAM during this"
"Philippe Leroux Philippe Leroux (born 24 September 1959 in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French composer living in Montréal, Québec, who has been identified as ""one of the most important composers in contemporary music."" Leroux studied composition starting in 1978 with Ivo Malec, Claude Ballif, Pierre Schaeffer, and Guy Rebeil at the Paris Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique, where he obtained three first prizes. He studied at both the Groupe de Recherches Musicales and at IRCAM during this period. He was selected for a residency at the French Academy in Rome from 1993-1995. From 2001-2006 he was a composition teacher at IRCAM,"
"L'enfance du Christ L'enfance du Christ (""The Childhood of Christ""), Opus 25, is an oratorio by the French composer Hector Berlioz, based on the Holy Family's flight into Egypt (see Gospel of Matthew 2:13). Berlioz wrote his own words for the piece. Most of it was composed in 1853 and 1854, but it also incorporates an earlier work ""La fuite en Egypte"" (1850). It was first performed at the Salle Herz, Paris on 10 December 1854, with Berlioz conducting and soloists from the Opéra-Comique: Jourdan (Récitant), Depassio (Hérode), the couple Meillet (Marie and Joseph) and Bataille (Le père de famille)."
"parents bought a saxophone for him and that was the beginning of great things to come! He began his performing career at the age of 11, when he joined and toured with the youth-based Sonny LaRosa and America's Youngest Jazz Band. Eric had the tremendous opportunity of touring worldwide with this group, which featured kids from ages 5–12 playing the music of Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Louis Armstrong and many other jazz legends. It was while he was performing at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland at the age of 11 in front of thousands of people, that he realized"
"of Édouard Lalo, Vincent d'Indy, Gabriel Pierné, Camille Saint-Saëns, Charles-Marie Widor, and in particular, those of Gabriel Fauré (Requiem, Élégie, Pavane, as well as the famous Mélodies etc.) The fifth generation is represented by François Leduc (Claude's son) and Basile Crichton (the nephew of Claude and Gilbert Leduc), who have been the managers of the company since 1985, assisted by their respective brothers, Jean Leduc et Michel Crichton. Alphonse Leduc was acquired by the Music Sales Group in January 2014. Éditions Alphonse Leduc The Éditions Alphonse Leduc company is a prominent French music publishing house specializing in classical music. It"
"pieces of furniture come to life and sing. A younger group of composers, who formed a group known as Les Six shared a similar aesthetic to Ravel. The most important members of Les Six were Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger and Francis Poulenc. Milhaud was a prolific and versatile composer who wrote in a variety of forms and styles, from the ""Opéras-minutes"" (1927–28), none of which is more than ten minutes long, to the epic ""Christophe Colomb"" (1928). The Swiss-born Honegger experimented mixing opera with oratorio in works such as ""Le Roi David"" (1921) and ""Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher"" (1938). But"
"Ernest Guiraud Ernest Guiraud (; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for writing the traditional orchestral recitatives used for Bizet's opera ""Carmen"" and for Offenbach's opera ""Les contes d'Hoffmann"" (""The Tales of Hoffmann""). Guiraud began his schooling in Louisiana under the tutelage of his father, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Guiraud, who had won the Prix de Rome in 1827. At age 15, he set a full-length libretto about King David to music that he and his father had found on a trip to Paris. The result"
"petite mariée"" (The Little Bride, 1875) and ""Le petit duc"" (The Little Duke, 1878). Although a few of his works in the early 1880s were well-received, and he continued composing for more than two decades afterwards, his later works never achieved the same admiration. Lecocq was born in Paris, the son of a copyist at the Commercial Court of the Seine. His father was not highly paid, but supported a family of five children. As a boy Lecocq suffered from a hip condition that obliged him to use crutches throughout his life. His first musical instrument was the flageolet; a"
"films, most notably ""Gigi"" (1949). Marcel Landowski Marcel François Paul Landowski (18 February 1915 – 23 December 1999) was a French composer, biographer and arts administrator. Born at Pont-l'Abbé, Finistère, Brittany, he was the son of French sculptor Paul Landowski and great-grandson of the composer Henri Vieuxtemps. As an infant he showed early musical promise, and studied piano under Marguerite Long. He entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1935; in addition one of his teachers was Pierre Monteux. In 1966, France's Cultural Affairs minister André Malraux appointed Landowski as the ministry's director of music, a controversial appointment made in the teeth"
"Marcel Theroux Marcel Raymond Theroux (born 13 June 1968) is an English novelist and broadcaster. He wrote ""The Stranger in The Earth"" and "","" for which he won the Somerset Maugham Award in 2002. His third novel, ""A Blow to the Heart,"" was published by Faber in 2006. His fourth, ""Far North,"" was published in June 2009. His fifth, ""Strange Bodies,"" was published in May 2013. He has also worked in television news in New York City and in Boston. He is the elder son of the American travel writer and novelist Paul Theroux and his then-wife Anne Castle. His"
"are given regarding Erik's past, although there is no shortage of hints and implications throughout the book. Erik himself laments the fact that his mother was horrified by his appearance (causing him to run away from home at a young age), and that his father, a true master mason, never even saw him. The text also reveals that ""Erik"" was not, in fact, his birth name, but one that was given or found ""by accident"", as Erik himself says within the work. Leroux sometimes calls him ""the man's voice"". Erik refers to himself as ""The Opera Ghost"", ""The Angel of"
"child. ""L'enfance"" also shows some influence from the Biblical oratorios of Berlioz's teacher Jean-François Le Sueur. The idea for ""L'enfance"" went back to 1850 when Berlioz composed an organ piece for his friend Joseph-Louis Duc, called ""L'adieu des bergers"" (""The Shepherds' Farewell""). He soon turned it into a choral movement for the shepherds saying goodbye to the baby Jesus as he leaves Bethlehem for Egypt. Berlioz had the chorus performed as a hoax on 12 November 1850, passing it off as the work of an imaginary 17th-century composer ""Ducré"". He was gratified to discover many people who hated his music"
"Jean-Théodore Radoux Jean-Théodore Radoux (9 November 1835 – 20 March 1911) was a Belgian composer and bassoonist. In 1859 he won the Belgian Prix de Rome for his cantata ""Le Juif errant"" which he had composed earlier that year. His other compositions include 2 operas, an oratorio, 2 symphonic poems, an overture, several choral works and vocal art songs, and music for the church. Born in Liège, Radoux began studying counterpoint at the Liège Conservatory in 1845 at the age of 9 with Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul. This He was awarded a first prize in music theory the following year, after which"
"in May 2000, a position he held for two years. In September 2000 he joined the faculty of Université Laval where he is currently a professor of music composition and orchestration. Éric Morin Éric Morin (born 1969) is a Canadian composer. He has been awarded several prizes for his compositions, including the 2003 Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music for his ""D'un Château l'autre"" and the CBC Radio National Competition for Young Composers which he won twice. His works have been performed by several notable musical ensembles, including the Esprit Orchestra, the National Arts Centre Orchestra, the Quebec Contemporary"
"Eric Siblin Eric Siblin is a Canadian musician and writer. A former music critic for the ""Montreal Gazette"", he is most noted for his 2009 book ""The Cello Suites: J.S. Bach, Pablo Casals, and the Search for a Baroque Masterpiece"". The book won both the McAuslan First Book Prize and the Mavis Gallant Prize for Non-Fiction from the Quebec Writers' Federation Awards, and was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction, the Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction and the B.C. National Award for Canadian Non-Fiction. His second book, ""Studio Grace: The Making of a Record"", was"
"Erik (The Phantom of the Opera) Erik (also known as The Phantom of the Opera, commonly referred to as The Phantom) is the title character from Gaston Leroux's novel ""Le Fantôme de l'Opéra"" (1910), best known to English speakers as ""The Phantom of the Opera"". He is unique in that he is both the titular protagonist and at times the antagonist of the novel. The character has been adapted to alternate media several times, including in the 1925 film adaptation starring Lon Chaney, the 1943 remake starring Claude Rains and Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical. In the original novel, few details"
"in the post of bassoon professor at the conservatory; after having beat out several applicants through audition. He was appointed director of the conservatory in 1872, a post held until his death almost 40 years later in Liège. Sylvain Dupuis succeeded him as director. Jean-Théodore Radoux Jean-Théodore Radoux (9 November 1835 – 20 March 1911) was a Belgian composer and bassoonist. In 1859 he won the Belgian Prix de Rome for his cantata ""Le Juif errant"" which he had composed earlier that year. His other compositions include 2 operas, an oratorio, 2 symphonic poems, an overture, several choral works and"
"music publisher Maurice Schlesinger, who is portrayed in the book as Jacques Arnoux). Flaubert based many of the protagonist's experiences (including the romantic passion) on his own life. He wrote of the work in 1864: The novel's tone is by turns ironic and pessimistic; it occasionally lampoons French society. The main character, Frédéric, often gives himself over to romantic flights of fancy. Frédéric Moreau renews his acquaintance with a childhood friend, Deslauriers, who advises him to meet with Dambreuse, a rich Parisian banker. Frédéric leaves for Paris, armed with a letter of recommendation from his neighbour M. Roque, who works"
"Music"", and attends a masquerade as the ""Red Death"" (evidently Erik is familiar with Edgar Allan Poe's short story ""The Masque of the Red Death"" (1842). Most of the character's history is revealed by a mysterious figure, known through most of the novel as The Persian or the Daroga, who had been a local police chief in Persia, following Erik to Paris; other details are discussed in the novel's epilogue (e.g., his birthplace is given as a small town outside of Rouen, France). Born hideously deformed, he is a ""subject of horror"" for his family and as a result he"
"at the age of 23. In the late 19th century, Sibelius's ""Karelia Suite"" was written for the students of the Helsinki university. Brought on by Impressionism, the piano suite was reintroduced by early 20th-century French composers such as Ravel and Debussy. Debussy's ""Pour le piano"" is a suite in three movements, published in 1901, and his ""Suite bergamasque"", revised in 1905, is probably one of the most famous suites, especially the third movement, ""Clair de Lune"". Ravel is particularly well known for his ""Miroirs"" suite for piano and lesser known for ""Le tombeau de Couperin"", both requiring tremendous skill and"
"Les cadeaux de Noël Les cadeaux de Noël (""The Christmas Gifts"") is an opera in one act composed by Xavier Leroux to a French-language libretto by Émile Fabre. Described as a (heroic tale), it was premiered by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart Theatre in Paris on Christmas Day 1915. Its story of four children, whose parents had been killed by German soldiers but who nevertheless found hope in a seemingly bleak Christmas, had a particular resonance with French audiences in the midst of World War I. The opera was a great success in Paris, and subsequently performed in Italy,"
"Éric Bellocq Éric Bellocq (born 8 September 1962) is a French lutenist. Éric Bellocq studied the guitar with Alexandre Lagoya at the Paris Conservatory, where he also graduated with a First Prize. He played the theorbo in the Baroque ensemble Les Arts Florissants, directed by William Christie, from 1983 to 1990; during this period he also regularly took part in opera productions and concert performances with Philippe Herreweghe's La Chapelle Royale, Marc Minkowski's Les Musiciens du Louvre, Christophe Rousset and Les Talens Lyriques, Jean-Claude Malgoire's La Grande Ecurie et la Chambre du Roy, Café Zimmermann, Hervé Niquet's Le Concert Spirituel,"
"commits. The novel features a love triangle between the Phantom, Christine, and Raoul. Raoul is seen as Christine's childhood love whom she is familiar with and has affection for. He is rich and therefore offers her security as well as a wholesome, Christian marriage. The Phantom, on the other hand, is not familiar. He is dark, ugly, and dangerous and therefore represents the forbidden love. However, Christine is drawn to him because she sees him as her Angel of Music, and she pities his existence of loneliness and darkness. By the time Leroux published ""The Phantom of the Opera"", he"
"European composers, as well as from many works of Franck and d'Indy. The recurring themes in the violin sonata have led some scholars to suggest that it was an inspiration for the Vinteuil Sonata, an imaginary work described by Marcel Proust in ""In Search of Lost Time"". However, the structure imagined by Proust is also similar to the violin sonata by Franck. Guillaume Lekeu Jean Joseph Nicolas Guillaume Lekeu (20 January 1870 – 21 January 1894) was a Belgian composer of classical music. Lekeu was born in Heusy, a village near Verviers, Belgium. He originally studied piano and music theory"
"explores the effect of imagination on perception, memory, hope, and fear; holds a fun-house mirror to scenes of life in the United States; ruminates upon the nature of the universe and the role of human consciousness within it; and prods and probes the painful world of time and place in search of the niches where hilarity hides."" Eric Kraft Eric Kraft (born 1944) is an American novelist. He is known for his series of novels that make up ""The Personal History, Adventures, Experiences and Observations of Peter Leroy"". Each novel tells of some aspect of the fictional Leroy's life. Several"
"other adaptations such as films, television shows, books, and musicals. One such popular literary adaptation is the Susan Kay novel ""Phantom"" (1990), a fictional in-depth story of Erik from the time of his birth to the end of his life at the Paris Opera House. For the most part, Kay's novel stays in context with Erik's life history as laid down by Leroux, however Kay (as explained in her Author's Note) changes and shapes the character to match her own vision, influenced by other adaptations besides the original. In addition, the ending/resolution is quite different from Leroux's. The story follows"
"Éric Morin Éric Morin (born 1969) is a Canadian composer. He has been awarded several prizes for his compositions, including the 2003 Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music for his ""D'un Château l'autre"" and the CBC Radio National Competition for Young Composers which he won twice. His works have been performed by several notable musical ensembles, including the Esprit Orchestra, the National Arts Centre Orchestra, the Quebec Contemporary Music Society, and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra among others. He has been commissioned to write works by the Canada Council for the Arts and the Conseil des arts et des lettres"
"a five-act opera by Léo Delibes. However, it was left unfinished due to his own death in Paris at age 54. Ernest Guiraud Ernest Guiraud (; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for writing the traditional orchestral recitatives used for Bizet's opera ""Carmen"" and for Offenbach's opera ""Les contes d'Hoffmann"" (""The Tales of Hoffmann""). Guiraud began his schooling in Louisiana under the tutelage of his father, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Guiraud, who had won the Prix de Rome in 1827. At age 15, he set a"
"musical nominated for Best Picture in 10 years, following Disney's ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991). In BBC's 2016 poll of the greatest films since 2000, ""Moulin Rouge!"" ranked 53rd. In the year 1900, a British writer named Christian (Ewan McGregor), suffering from depression, begins writing on his typewriter (""Nature Boy""). As Christian narrates, the film flashes back to one year earlier upon Christian's move to the Montmartre district of Paris to become a writer among members of the area's Bohemian movement. He soon discovers that his neighbours are a loose troupe of performers led by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (John Leguizamo)."