"of the parent plant) is cut off and stuck into soil. Artificial rooting hormones are sometimes used to improve chances of success. If the cutting does not die from rot-inducing fungi or desiccation first, roots grow from the buried portion of the cutting to become a new complete plant. However, although this works well for some plants (such as figs and olives), for most fruit tree cultivars this method has much too low a success rate to be commercially viable. Root cuttings (pieces of root cut off and induced to grow a new trunk) are also not used to propagate"
"for their conservation as State property, since, by giving them a sacred character, it placed them directly under the care of the Areiopagus, which caused them to be visited once a month by Inspectors (ἐπιμεληταί, Lys. or. 7 § 29), and once a year by special Commissioners (γνώμονες, ib. § 25). To uproot a moria was an offence punishable by banishment and confiscation of goods (ib. § 41).From ""Moriai: Sacred Arboriculture in Athens"":Athena's gift to her protégés was the olive she planted on the sacred rock of the Acropolis. From this primordial olive twelve new trees were transplanted in the"
"the olive branch peeping to the left of Athena's owl. Moria (tree) In ancient Greece, the moriai (plural of moria) were olive trees considered to be the property of the state because of their religious significance. From ""Attic Orators"", vol. I. p. 289: Throughout Attica, besides the olives which were private property (ἴδιαι ἐλαῖαι, Lys. or. 7 § 10) there were others which, whether on public or on private lands, were considered as the property of the State. They were called moriae (μορίαι)--the legend being that they had been propagated (μεμορημέναι) from the original olive which Athena herself had caused"
"Moria (tree) In ancient Greece, the moriai (plural of moria) were olive trees considered to be the property of the state because of their religious significance. From ""Attic Orators"", vol. I. p. 289: Throughout Attica, besides the olives which were private property (ἴδιαι ἐλαῖαι, Lys. or. 7 § 10) there were others which, whether on public or on private lands, were considered as the property of the State. They were called moriae (μορίαι)--the legend being that they had been propagated (μεμορημέναι) from the original olive which Athena herself had caused to spring up on the Acropolis. This theory was convenient"
"between life and death. Zohary and Hopf note that ""the fruit and the timber, and sometimes even the twigs, are richly represented in the tombs of the Egyptian Early, Middle and Late Kingdoms."" Some of the caskets of mummies in Egypt are made from the wood of this tree. The most common fruit trees were date palms, fig trees and doum palms (""Crucifera thebaica""). The persea tree was considered sacred, and was found in both temple gardens and residential gardens. The pomegranate tree was introduced during the New Kingdom, and was prized for its aroma and color. Other fruits grown"
"harvest were crimes against the people and their protective deity. Landowners who allowed their flocks to graze on public land were fined by the plebeian aediles, on behalf of Ceres and the people of Rome. Ancient laws of the Twelve Tables forbade the magical charming of field crops from a neighbour's field into one's own, and invoked the death penalty for the illicit removal of field boundaries. An adult who damaged or stole field-crops should be hanged ""for Ceres"". Any youth guilty of the same offense was to be whipped or fined double the value of damage. The killing of"
"wine, and barley cakes placed on home altars and household shrines to Hekate and Hermes, which had been freshly cleaned the day before as part of the Deipnon. The official state rituals for this day included small offerings to gods and goddesses seen as protectors of Athens, such as Athena Polias and Poseidon, but the most important was made to the guardian snake of the city. The snake was kept at the Erechtheum, a temple housing the cult statue of Athena Polias, the mark of Poseidon Erechtheus' Trident and the salt spring, the sacred olive tree that sprouted when Athena"
"Olive wreath The Olive wreath also known as kotinos (), was the prize for the winner at the ancient Olympic Games. It was a branch of the wild olive tree ""Kallistefanos Elea"" (also referred to as ""Elaia Kallistephanos"") that grew at Olympia, intertwined to form a circle or a horse-shoe. The branches of the sacred wild-olive tree near the temple of Zeus were cut by a “pais amfithalis” (a boy whose parents were both alive) with a pair of golden scissors. Then he took them to the temple of Hera and placed them on a gold-ivory table. From there, the"
"Erysichthon of Thessaly In Greek mythology, Erysichthon ( Ἐρυσίχθων ὁ Θεσσαλός 'earth-tearer') (also anglicised as Erisichthon), son of Triopas, was a King of Thessaly. He was sometimes called Aethon. Erysichthon once ordered all trees in the sacred grove of Demeter to be cut down. One huge oak was covered with votive wreaths, a symbol of every prayer Demeter had granted, and so the men refused to cut it down. Erysichthon grabbed an axe and cut it down himself, killing a dryad nymph in the process. The nymph's dying words were a curse on Erysichthon. Demeter responded to the nymph's curse"
"view Attis within the rigid schema of ""dying and rising vegetation god"", the vegetal cycle remains integral to the funerary nature of his rites. The pine tree and pine cones were introduced to the iconography of Attis for their cult significance during the Roman period. A late 1st- or 2nd-century statue of Attis from Athens has him with a basket containing pomegranates, pine cones, and a nosegay of violets. Perceived connections with older spring festivals that involved roses helped spread and popularize the Rosalia, and the private ""dies violae"" or ""violaris"" of the Romans was enhanced by the public prominence"
"sanctuary of the hero Akademos and comprised a sacred grove. These trees, we are told by our ancient sources, were called moriai. The etymology remains obscure, but the most compelling explanation is the connection of the word moria with the stem μερ, which bears the meaning 'to be part of': the moriai were part of Athena's property. According to Greek mythology, upon his establishment of the newly founded city (polis) of Attica, king Cecrops desired to appoint a patron deity and protector over his new city. Poseidon (Olympic god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses) and Athena (Olympic goddess of"
"Law of abode The Law of Abode is a law in Greek mythology that is older than Zeus and all are powerless to revoke. The Law of Abode states that if any food or drink should pass through your lips while in the realm of Hades, then you may not go back above to Earth. You are forever doomed to stay in the underworld. When Persephone was kidnapped by Hades, she ate six pomegranate seeds. Had she eaten the entire pomegranate (and thus all the seeds), she would have been condemned to the underworld permanently. Because she only ate half,"
"amount of food was enough. Eventually, Erysichthon ate himself in hunger. Erysichthon of Thessaly In Greek mythology, Erysichthon ( Ἐρυσίχθων ὁ Θεσσαλός 'earth-tearer') (also anglicised as Erisichthon), son of Triopas, was a King of Thessaly. He was sometimes called Aethon. Erysichthon once ordered all trees in the sacred grove of Demeter to be cut down. One huge oak was covered with votive wreaths, a symbol of every prayer Demeter had granted, and so the men refused to cut it down. Erysichthon grabbed an axe and cut it down himself, killing a dryad nymph in the process. The nymph's dying words"
"far before it was introduced to Rome via Carthage, and it figures in multiple myths and artworks. In Ancient Greek mythology, the pomegranate was known as the ""fruit of the dead"" and believed to have sprung from the blood of Adonis. The myth of Persephone, the goddess of the underworld, prominently features the pomegranate. In one version of the myth, Persephone was kidnapped by Hades and taken off to live in the underworld as his wife. Her mother, Demeter (goddess of the harvest), went into mourning for her lost daughter; thus all green things ceased to grow. Zeus, the highest-ranking"
"Athens, known as the Areopagus. Ares was acquitted. According to the Parian Chronicle this event took place in 1532/1 BC. In another version of the myth, Halirrhothius was sent by his father to cut down the olive that had grown out of the spear of Athena. As he raised his axe, it fell out of his hand and mortally wounded him. The olive was called ""fatal"" from that circumstance. Halirrhothius Halirrhothius (; Ancient Greek: Ἁλιρρόθιος means ""sea-foam"") was the son of Poseidon and Euryte (or Bathycleia) in Greek mythology. He was also called the son of Perieres and husband of"
"spear into the ground of the Acropolis, she knelt down and planted an olive branch in the hole, which quickly grew into Greece's very first moria (olive) tree. King Cecrops and the people of Attica deliberated the usefulness of the gifts. Poseidon's spring made of salt water was not suitable for drinking or much else, yet Athena's precious gift proved to be suitable for an abundance of purposes. Athena was hailed winner of the competition and was crowned patron goddess and protector of the city (polis) of Attica, whose people adopted the name Athens in her honor.From ""Olive Oil Times"","
"from Sparta, at a shrine known as the ""Meneláeion"" where Helen, Menelaus, Castor and Pollux were all said to be buried. Castor himself was also venerated in the region of Kastoria in northern Greece. They were commemorated both as gods on Olympus worthy of holocaust, and as deceased mortals in Hades, whose spirits had to be propitiated by libations. Lesser shrines to Castor, Pollux and Helen were also established at a number of other locations around Sparta. The pear tree was regarded by the Spartans as sacred to Castor and Pollux, and images of the twins were hung in its"
"well, from its being enclosed in the temple of Erechtheus. After him came Athena who having called on Cecrops to witness her act of taking possession, she planted an olive tree on the hill of the acropolis which continued to be shewn in the Pandrosium down to the latest times. But when the two strove for possession of the country, Zeus parted them and appointed arbiters, not, as some have affirmed, Cecrops and Cranaus, nor yet Erysichthon, but the twelve gods. And in accordance with their verdict the country was adjudged to Athena, because Cecrops bore witness that she had"
"name derives--means both apple and sheep. Hesperides, the guardians of the golden apples were regarded as these type of dryad. Dryads, like all nymphs, were supernaturally long-lived and tied to their homes, but some were a step beyond most nymphs. These were the hamadryads who were an integral part of their trees, such that if the tree died, the hamadryad associated with it died as well. For these reasons, dryads and the Greek gods punished any mortals who harmed trees without first propitiating the tree-nymphs. (associated with Oak trees) The dryads of ash trees were called the Meliae. The ash-tree"
"had shape-shifted into an aquatic beast and as punishment they were sentenced to retrieve several difficult items from various pantheons and return them to the father of the dead giant. These include magic apples from the branches of the Asgardian world tree, Yggdrasil, guarded by a giant eagle. The skin of Dionysus' magic pig from Olympus, guarded by Hercules. The spear Slaughter from the Celtic Tuatha De Danaan, guarded by Chulain. The sword Grasscutter from the Japanese land of the dead guarded by Mikaboshi. And finally they must shout their victory from a hill on top of the Egyptian temple"
"pantheon was to slay the chthonic serpent-legged monster Echidna as she slept in her cave. Hera's defining task for Argus was to guard the white heifer Io from Zeus, who was attracted to her, keeping her chained to the sacred olive tree at the Argive Heraion. She charged him to ""Tether this cow safely to an olive-tree at Nemea"". Hera knew that the heifer was in reality Io, one of the many nymphs Zeus was coupling with to establish a new order. To free Io, Zeus had Argus slain by Hermes. The messenger of the Olympian gods, disguised as a"
"""arbores felices"" (plural) as the oak (four species thereof), the birch, the hazelnut, the sorbus, the white fig, the pear, the apple, the grape, the plum, the cornus and the lotus. The oak was sacred to Jupiter, and twigs of oak were used by the Vestals to ignite the sacred fire in March every year. Also among the ""felices"" were the olive tree, a twig of which was affixed to the hat of the Flamen Dialis, and the laurel and the poplar, which crowned the Salian priests. ""Arbores infelices"" were those under the protection of chthonic gods or those gods"
"anoint kings and athletes in ancient Greece. It was burnt in the sacred lamps of temples and was the ""eternal flame"" of the original Olympic games. Victors in these games were crowned with its leaves. In Homer's ""Odyssey"", Odysseus crawls beneath two shoots of olive that grow from a single stock, and in the ""Iliad"", (XVII.53ff) is a metaphoric description of a lone olive tree in the mountains, by a spring; the Greeks observed that the olive rarely thrives at a distance from the sea, which in Greece invariably means up mountain slopes. Greek myth attributed to the primordial culture-hero"
"held there as well as in other demes of Attica. In keeping with his ritualist approach to myth and other preoccupations in ""The Golden Bough"", J.G. Frazer thought that the pigs, rather than merely accompanying Persephone in her descent, were an original feature of the story, representing the ""corn spirit"" that was later anthropomorphized as the young goddess. The ""First Fruits Decree"" (5th century BC) requires sacrifices for Demeter and Kore (""the Maiden,"" usually identified with Persephone), Triptolemus, ""Theos"" (God), ""Thea"" (Goddess) and ""Eubolos"". The inscription with the Lakrateides relief identifies the person making the dedication as a priest of"
"actually belongs to these royals. See also: Olive wreath and Laurel wreath <br>A plant sacred to the goddess Aphrodite, myrtle was a symbol of love. Greeks wore wreaths for special events and received them as athletic prizes and honors. The wreaths were made of gold foil, they were created to be buried with the dead but too fragile to be worn for everyday attire. The myrtle leaves and blossoms on the myrtle wreath were cut from thin sheets of gold, stamped and incised details, and then wired onto the stems. Many that survive today were found in graves. After restoration,"
"plane trees sacred to Carians. In Syria, there was a grove sacred to Adonis at Afqa. The most famous sacred groves in mainland Greece was the oak grove at Dodona. Outside the walls of Athens, the site of the Platonic Academy was a sacred grove of olive trees, still recalled in the phrase ""the groves of Academe"". In central Italy, the town of Nemi recalls the Latin ""nemus Aricinum"", or ""grove of Ariccia"", a small town a quarter of the way around the lake. In Antiquity the area had no town, but the grove was the site of one of"
"of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans. The Norse god Baldr was killed with mistletoe. Mistletoe bears fruit at the time of the Winter Solstice, the birth of the new year, and may have been used in solstitial rites in Druidic Britain as a symbol of immortality. In Celtic mythology and in druid rituals, it was considered a remedy for barrenness in animals and an antidote to poison, although the fruits of many mistletoes are actually poisonous if ingested as they contain viscotoxins. Verbena or Vervain has long been associated with divine and other supernatural forces. It was called ""tears of"
"her cult. She is also sometimes associated with cypress, a tree symbolic of death and the underworld, and hence sacred to a number of chthonic deities. A number of other plants (often poisonous, medicinal and/or psychoactive) are associated with Hecate. These include aconite (also called ""hecateis""), belladonna, dittany, and mandrake. It has been suggested that the use of dogs for digging up mandrake is further corroboration of the association of this plant with Hecate; indeed, since at least as early as the 1st century CE, there are a number of attestations to the apparently widespread practice of using dogs to"
"was the Kingdom of Heaven, and the grain of mustard-seed. But it rested with us to develop it, and it is this responsibility which is referred to in the words—""that we may not be condemned with the world"" (1 Corinthians 11:32). For if the image of the Standing One were not actualized in us, it would not survive the death of the body. ""The axe,"" he said, ""is nigh to the roots of the tree: Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is cut down and cast into the fire"" (""cf."" Matthew 3:10). There is a remarkable physiological interpretation"
"of family owned lands; this tree could either be an oil palm, bread-fruit tree, raffia palm, or plantain tree depending on the cultural region. In some places, such as Nri, the royal python, ""éké"", is considered a sacred and tame agent of Ala and a harbinger of good fortune when found in a home. The python is referred to as ""nne"" 'mother' in areas where the python is revered, it is a symbol of female beauty and gentleness. Killing of the python is expressly forbidden in these places and sanctions are taken against the killer including the funding of expensive"
"when a traffic accident caused a bus to uproot it. Following that, the trunk was preserved and displayed in the nearby Agricultural University of Athens. In 2013, it was reported that the remaining part of the trunk was uprooted and stolen, allegedly to serve as firewood. A supposedly older tree, the ""Peisistratos Tree"", is located by the banks of the Cephisus River, in the municipality of Agioi Anargyroi, and is said to be a remnant of an olive grove that was planted by Athenian tyrant Peisistratos in the sixth century BC. Numerous ancient olive trees also exist near Pelion in"
"Atropos Atropos or Aisa (; ""without turn""), in Greek mythology, was one of the three Moirai, goddesses of fate and destiny. Her Roman equivalent was Morta. Atropos was the oldest of the Three Fates, and was known as the ""inflexible"" or ""inevitable."" It was Atropos who chose the mechanism of death and ended the life of mortals by cutting their thread with her ""abhorred shears"". She worked along with her two sisters, Clotho, who spun the thread, and Lachesis, who measured the length. Atropos has been featured in several stories such as Atalanta and Achilles. Her origin, along with the"
"the tree of knowledge of good and evil, warning that such would result in death. Obeying this commandment meant they could remain in the garden forever, but they could not progress by experiencing opposition in mortality and would remain innocent; they could not know joy because they could not experience sorrow and pain. Thus, as a part of the plan, Satan was allowed to tempt Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit and they chose to do so. As a consequence, they were separated from God's presence physically and spiritually. Adam and Eve then became mortal; subject to sin"