"reduced to taking emergency patients only. The phrase ""Winter of Discontent"" is from the opening line of William Shakespeare's ""Richard III"": ""Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York"", and was first applied to the events of the winter by Robin Chater, a writer at ""Incomes Data Report"". It was subsequently used in a speech by James Callaghan and translated to define a crisis by tabloids – including ""The Sun"". The weather turned very cold in the early months of 1979 with blizzards and deep snow, the coldest since 1962–63,"
"Guadeloupe Conference The Guadeloupe Conference was a meeting held by four Western powers; the United States, the United Kingdom, France and West Germany in Guadeloupe Island from 4 to 7 January 1979. Discussions focused on various world issues, especially the Middle East and the Iranian political crisis. A month before the Islamic revolution of Iran, the Guadeloupe Conference was held by four Western powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and West Germany. The meeting was held between 4 and 7 January 1979. The president of France, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, hosted the meeting; also in attendance were the president"
"a succession of strikes over the winter of 1978–79 (known as the Winter of Discontent) secured higher pay. The industrial unrest made his government extremely unpopular, and Callaghan's response to one interview question only made it worse. Returning to the United Kingdom from an economic summit held in Guadeloupe in early 1979, Callaghan was asked, ""What is your general approach, in view of the mounting chaos in the country at the moment?"" Callaghan replied, ""Well, that's a judgement that you are making. I promise you that if you look at it from outside, and perhaps you're taking rather a parochial"
"in December 1978 to discuss the terms under which he might become prime minister, with the main sticking point being that he wanted the Shah not to leave Iran, saying he needed to remain in order to ensure the loyalty of the military. On 7 December 1978, it was announced that President Carter of the U.S., President Giscard d'Estaing of France, Chancellor Schmidt of West Germany and Prime Minister Callaghan of the United Kingdom would meet in Guadeloupe on 5 January 1979 to discuss the crisis in Iran. For Mohammad Reza this announcement was the final blow, and he was"
"the cause of Indian workers), Raymond Poincaré decided to grant French nationality and the right to vote to Indian citizens. In 1946, the colony of Guadeloupe became an overseas department of France. Then in 1974, it became an administrative center. Its deputies sit in the French National Assembly in Paris. In 1967, rallies became riots, and repression backed by the prefect Pierre Bolotte caused dozens of deaths. The Guadeloupe Conference (Persian: کنفرانس گوآدلوپ‎) was a meeting held by four Western powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and West Germany in Guadeloupe Island from 4 to 7 January 1979."
"decide who should be trusted with the running of the country. Caine, who served under the late Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, said on 18 January that the Prime Minister was responsible 24 hours a day for the country, and should be seen to be in charge in the event of a crisis. Instead, Prime Minister Qarase had continued his vacation while the crisis worsened, and had delegated his responsibility, not to one of the three former Military officers in the Cabinet (Pio Wong, Jonetani Kaukimoce, and Savenaca Draunidalo), but to Home Affairs Minister Josefa Vosanibola, whom Caine scathingly called ""an"
"on virtually all the major speeches of the Carter Presidency from 1978 onwards, including the landmark presidential address, the Oval Office ""Crisis of Confidence"" talk of July 15, 1979. Stewart was directly involved in multiple Presidential projects including the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), energy, fiscal and monetary policy, human rights issues, the response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the first visit to the White House by a Pope in United States history by Pope John Paul II in 1979, three State of the Union addresses, and the farewell speech of President Carter to the nation. Following his"
"and the Soviet intervention of Afghanistan prompted the restatement of US interests in the region in the form of the Carter Doctrine. In July 1979, responding to a national energy crisis, President Carter delivered his ""Crisis of Confidence"" speech, urging Americans to reduce their energy use to help lessen American dependence on foreign oil supplies. Recently, some scholars have claimed that Carter's energy plan, if it had been fully enacted, would have prevented some of the current economic difficulties caused by the American dependency on foreign oil. President Carter, in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980,"
"Kamougué, former head of Malloum's ""gendarmerie"", who established in May 1979 the south of the country a government called Permanent Committee. Goukouni took advantage of such a chaotic situation and appeared in N'Djamena before Habré had obtained complete control, and took the capital. International moves were made to put an end to the civil war. Nigeria kept in March 1979 at Kano a reconciliation conference. New parties with little or none roots in Chad were formed to be present at this conference, like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Chad (FPLT), headed by Awad Muktar Nasser, a force sustained"
"pro-European policy of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (VGE), and made a nationalist turn with the December 1978 Call of Cochin, initiated by his counsellors Marie-France Garaud and Pierre Juillet, which had first been called by Pompidou. Hospitalised in Cochin hospital after a crash, he declared that ""as always about the drooping of France, the pro-foreign party acts with its peaceable and reassuring voice"". He appointed Yvan Blot, an intellectual who would later join the National Front, as director of his campaigns for the 1979 European election. After the poor results of the election, Chirac broke with Garaud and Juillet. Vexed Marie-France"
"coup in February 1979, but did not succeed. Goukouni Oueddei, head of the People's Armed Forces (originally composed of the union in March 1978 Frolinat - Interim Joint Military Committee, the Army Volcano and Frolinat - 1st Army), helped him in February, despite his differences with him, in overthrowing the ""Southern"" government. In November 1979, Goukouni Oueddei, leader of the People's Armed Forces, seized power and became president of the Transitional Government of National Unity, northerners supported by different factions close to Habré, triggering the Second Chadian Civil War. Faced with the impossibility of reconciling the various factions vying for"
"United Nations Security Council Resolution 457 United Nations Security Council Resolution 457, adopted unanimously on 4 December 1979, addressed the ongoing Iran hostage crisis. After expressing concern at the level of tensions between Iran and the United States as a potential threat to international security, the Council called on Iran to immediately release hostages held at the American embassy in Tehran and allow them to leave the country. The resolution reminded all Member States to respect the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, which urged countries to respect the inviolability of diplomatic personnel and the"
"scandal that had led to his resignation as president in 1974, expressed contrition saying, ""I let the American people down and I have to carry that burden with me for the rest of my life"". Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Frost was the last person to interview Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the deposed Shah of Iran. The interview took place on Contadora Island in Panama in January 1980, and was broadcast by the American Broadcasting Company in the U.S. on 17 January. Frost was an organiser of the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. Ten"
"when, in March 1979, he named eighty-one Maures and only seventeen blacks to his new national advisory committee. Finally, the French government lost confidence in Salek's ability to extricate Mauritania from both the Western Sahara war and Moroccan influence. Isolated and weak, Salek's government was overthrown on April 6, 1979, by Colonel Ahmed Ould Bouceif and Colonel Mohamed Khouna Haidalla, who formed the Military Committee for National Salvation (""Comité Militaire de Salut National"", CMSN). Salek, however, was permitted to remain in the government as a figurehead president. In late May, Bouceif was killed in an airplane crash; Haidalla was designated"
"social reforms proposed by President Giscard, the basic tenets of Gaullism, such as national and European independence, would be retained. Chirac was advised by Pierre Juillet and Marie-France Garaud, two former advisers of Pompidou. These two organised the campaign against Chaban-Delmas in 1974. They advocated a clash with Giscard d'Estaing because they thought his policy bewildered the conservative electorate. Citing Giscard's unwillingness to give him authority, Chirac resigned as Prime Minister in 1976. He proceeded to build up his political base among France's several conservative parties, with a goal of reconstituting the Gaullist UDR into a Neo-Gaullist group, the Rally"
"at the fourth FLN congress held on 27 ""-"" 31 January 1979. The most likely to succeed Boumediene were Mohammad Salah Yahiaoui and Abdelaziz Bouteflika. The latter had served as a foreign secretary at the United Nations for sixteen years. He was a prominent member of the Oujda clan and regarded as a pro-Western liberal. Yahiaoui was closely affiliated with the communists, permitting the Parti de l'Avant-Garde Socialiste (PAGS) to acquire jurisdiction over the mass trade union and youth organizations. In office, Bendjedid reduced the state's role in the economy and eased government surveillance of citizens. In the late 1980s,"
"weather might necessitate a southerly crossing. By 22 August 1962, when the Air Force released the reservists it had mobilized in October 1961, a second crisis had arisen to involve other Air Force Reserve units. The focus of the new problem was Cuba, where a revolution had installed Fidel Castro as president in 1959. The Castro government soon placed itself in the communist group of nations, pursued a social economic agenda and allied itself with the Soviet Union. Relations between the new republic and the United States deteriorated due to Cuba ""nationalizing"" United States and foreign-owned businesses and seizing the"
"August 1979, the Lagos Accord was signed. This accord established a transitional government pending national elections. In November 1979, the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) was created with a mandate to govern for 18 months. Goukouni Oueddei, a northerner, was named president; Colonel Kamougué, a southerner, Vice President; and Habré, Minister of Defense. This coalition proved fragile; in January 1980, fighting broke out again between Goukouni's and Habré's forces. With assistance from Libya, Goukouni regained control of the capital and other urban centers by year’s end. However, Goukouni’s January 1981 statement that Chad and Libya had agreed to work"
"the United States, the hostage crisis created ""a surge of patriotism"" and left ""the American people more united than they have been on any issue in two decades"". The hostage-taking was seen ""not just as a diplomatic affront"", but as a ""declaration of war on diplomacy itself."" Television news gave daily updates. In January 1980, the ""CBS Evening News"" anchor Walter Cronkite began ending each show by saying how many days the hostages had been captive. President Carter applied economic and diplomatic pressure: Oil imports from Iran were ended on November 12, 1979, and with Executive Order 12170, around US$8"
"one such proponent was Harry Hughes, Governor of Maryland, who proposed odd-even rationing (only people with an odd-numbered license plate could purchase gas on an odd-numbered day), as was used during the 1973 Oil Crisis. Several states actually implemented odd-even gas rationing, including California, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Oregon, and Texas. Coupons for gasoline rationing were printed but were never actually used during the 1979 crisis. On July 15, 1979, President Carter outlined his plans to reduce oil imports and improve energy efficiency in his ""Crisis of Confidence"" speech (sometimes known as the ""malaise"" speech). It is often said"
"a truce and embracing each other. Nguendet also went to the airport, where about 100,000 people were sheltering, to urge them to return home. UN Special Representative Babacar Gaye said that Nguendet's profile could ""help restore hope"" and that the international community would have to help on the road ""to free, credible and democratic elections."" Yet the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs' John Ging said the country was in a ""mega-crisis"" and warned about the ""wanton destruction"" as posing a disaster warning. Foreigners continued to be repatriated by mid-month with 300 Malians returning on 9 January"
"who entered the government as prime minister. Internal dissent within the government led Prime Minister Habré to send his forces against Malloum's national army in the capital in February 1979. Malloum was ousted from the presidency, but the resulting civil war amongst the 11 emergent factions was so widespread that it rendered the central government largely irrelevant. At that point, other African governments decided to intervene. A series of four international conferences held first under Nigerian and then Organization of African Unity (OAU) sponsorship attempted to bring the Chadian factions together. At the fourth conference, held in Lagos, Nigeria, in"
"of those connected to the administration; they had access to better housing, private transportation, servants, and the ability to purchase luxury goods abroad. Castro publicly celebrated his administration's 10th anniversary in January 1969; in his celebratory speech he warned of sugar rations, reflecting the nation's economic problems. The 1969 crop was heavily damaged by a hurricane, and to meet its export quota, the government drafted in the army, implemented a seven-day working week, and postponed public holidays to lengthen the harvest. When that year's production quota was not met, Castro offered to resign during a public speech, but assembled crowds"
"piglets had been killed when the sow rolled over and crushed them. On 29 January, lorry drivers in the south west accepted a deal awarded by an Arbitration Panel of a rise of up to 20%, just £1 per week less than the union had been striking for; this settlement proved a model which was accepted throughout the country. On 10 January, James Callaghan arrived back from a summit in Guadeloupe in the middle of the lorry drivers' strike. Having been tipped off that the press were present, his press secretary Tom McCaffrey advised him to say nothing and return"
"Affairs Minister Mohammed Benyahia accompanied with a team of Algerian intelligence including Prime Minister Mohammed ben Ahmed Abdelghan and Mr Rashid Hassaine. Algiers Accords The Algeria Declaration were a set of agreements between the United States and Iran to resolve the Iran hostage crisis, brokered by the Algerian government and signed in Algiers on January 19, 1981. The crisis arose from the takeover of the American embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, and the taking hostage of the American staff there. By this accord the 52 American citizens were set free and able to leave Iran. Among its chief"
"U.S. held their first substantive high-level meeting since the 1979 revolution at multilateral talks that involved the U.S. secretary of state, John Kerry, and the Iranian foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, the meeting being chaired by the EU foreign policy chief, Catherine Ashton. The following day, Rouhani and Obama spoke by telephone, the two countries' highest political exchange since 1979. The call led to protests by Iranian conservatives who chanted ""death to America"" when Rouhani returned to Tehran. On the 34th anniversary of the embassy siege, tens of thousands of supporters of a more hardline approach to relations gathered at"
"of buildings. In 1979, Carter gave a nationally televised address in which he blamed the nation's troubles on the crisis of confidence among the American people. This ""malaise speech"" further damaged his reelection bid because it seemed to express a pessimistic outlook and blamed the American people for his own failed policies. Carter's term is best known for the 444-day Iranian hostage crisis, and the move away from détente with the Soviet Union to a renewed Cold War. In foreign affairs, Carter's accomplishments consisted of the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the creation of full diplomatic relations with"
"crisis, written by Ahmad Naruqi and published in Paris, was called ""Iran against the Shah"". Israel's Minister of Justice announced; ""we have lost our most important provider of oil"". British foreign secretary David Owen discussed the situation in Iran with his American counterpart during a visit to the US. Baghdad sent a delegation to Saudi Arabia to review the situation in Iran and the region. In a council on the Islamic Revolution, Mehdi Bazargan was suggested as the Prime Minister of Iran's interim Government. A number of senior Air Force officers involved with the government were imprisoned. Because the Iranian"
"hurricane; the government postponed the 1969/70 New Year holidays in order to lengthen the harvest. The military were drafted in, while Castro, and several other Cabinet ministers and foreign diplomats joined in. The country nevertheless failed that year's sugar production quota. Castro publicly offered to resign, but assembled crowds denounced the idea. Despite Cuba's economic problems, many of Castro's social reforms remained popular, with the population largely supportive of the ""Achievements of the Revolution"" in education, medical care and road construction, as well as the government's policy of ""direct democracy"". Cuba turned to the Soviets for economic help, and from"
"economic recovery. Austerity policies particularly affected Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Such policies were among factors that led to the 15-M and Occupy movements. Other economic issues, such as inflation and an increase in commodity prices, led to unrest in many lower-income countries. Unrest in some countries—particularly in the Arab world—evolved into socio-economic crises triggering revolutions in Kyrgyzstan, Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain and Yemen, as well as civil war in Libya and Syria, in a widespread phenomenon—commonly referred to in the Western world as the Arab Spring—which continues as of . Sitting world leaders Hugo Chávez, Muammar Gaddafi and Kim Jong-il"
"information and to seek reassurance amidst feelings of fear and uncertainty. Crises can also increase the effect of news on social cohesion, and lead the population of a country to ""rally"" behind its current leadership. The rise of a global news system goes hand in hand with the advent of terrorism and other sensational acts, which have power in proportion to the audience they capture. In 1979, the capture of American hostages in Iran dominated months of news coverage in the western media, gained the status of a ""crisis"", and influenced a presidential election. South Africans overwhelmingly describe the end"
"president. ""The New York Times"" wrote that the resignation ""appeared to be the country’s second coup"". Mariko opposed the use of the term, telling reporters, ""This is not a new coup d'etat"". In the days following the March coup d'état, it was ""unanimously condemned"" by the international community. The coup occurred as the head of United Nations Office for West Africa, Said Djinnit, was in the capital for the AU summit and to help mediate the crisis. In response, the World Bank and the African Development Bank suspended development aid funds in support of the AU and ECOWAS reactions to"
"death. All three are deceased: Robinson died of AIDS in 1988 and Jennings of lung cancer in 2005. Reynolds was also the original anchor of ""America Held Hostage"", a series of special reports seen weeknights at 11:30 p.m. (10:30 p.m. Central Time) on the Iran hostage crisis in November 1979 that evolved into the newsmagazine ""Nightline"" in March 1980. Reynolds, still an evening news anchor, soon tired of the grind of the extended hours and was replaced by one of his revolving substitutes, Ted Koppel, then the network's chief diplomatic correspondent. One famous moment in Reynolds' career occurred on March"