"for the weight of certain precious metals, especially in the trade; these are normally quoted just in ounces (e.g. ""500 ounces"") and, when the type of ounce is not explicitly stated, the troy system is assumed. Historically, the pound sterling was a Tower pound of silver. In 1528, the standard was changed to the Troy pound. The avoirdupois pound, also known as the wool pound, first came into general use c. 1300. It was initially equal to 6992 troy grains. The pound avoirdupois was divided into 16 ounces. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the avoirdupois pound was redefined as"
"Note that measurements in this section are in imperial units. Traditional British measures distinguish between weight and volume. American cooks using British recipes, and vice versa, need to be careful with pints and fluid ounces. A US pint is 473 mL, while a UK pint is 568 mL, about 20% larger. A US fluid ounce is of a US pint (29.6 mL); a UK fluid ounce is UK pint (28.4 mL). This makes an Imperial pint equivalent to 19.2 US fluid ounces. On a larger scale, perhaps for institutional cookery, an Imperial gallon is eight Imperial pints (160 imp fl"
"uses a stone of 14 lb, a long hundredweight of 112 lb and a long ton of 2240 lb. The stone is not used in the US and the hundredweights and tons are short: 100 lb and 2000 lb respectively. Where these systems most notably differ is in their units of volume. A US fluid ounce (fl oz), about 29.6 millilitres (ml), is slightly larger than the imperial fluid ounce (about 28.4 ml). However, as there are 16 US fl oz to a US pint and 20 imp fl oz per imperial pint, the imperial pint is about 20% larger."
"g, 12 oz t), while an avoirdupois pound is approximately 21.53% heavier at 7 000 grains (≈ 453.59 g). One troy ounce (oz t) is equal to grams. Also equal to avoirdupois ounces, exactly , or about 10% larger. The pennyweight symbol is ""dwt"". There are 24 grains in 1 dwt, and 20 dwt in one troy ounce. Because there were 12 troy ounces in the old troy pound, there would have been 240 pennyweights to the pound—the basis of the fact that the old British pound sterling of currency contained 240 pence. (However, prior to 1526, English pound sterling"
"ounce, and various ounces used in international trade, such as Paris troy. The situation is further complicated by the medieval practice of ""allowances"", whereby a unit of measure was not necessarily equal to the sum of its parts. For example, the had a for the weight of the sack and other packaging materials. In 1824, the British Parliament defined the imperial gallon as the volume of ten pounds of water at standard temperature. The gallon was divided into four quarts, the quart into two pints, the pint into four gills, and the gill into five ounces. Thus, there were 160"
"unit in the United States. In the United Kingdom it ceased to be a legal unit of measure in 2000, but is still in general usage on an informal basis. In addition it is the normal measure for portion sizes in British restaurants. A troy ounce is equal to 480 grains. Consequently, the international troy ounce is equal to exactly 31.1034768 grams. There are 12 troy ounces in the now obsolete troy pound. Today, the troy ounce is used only to express the mass of precious metals such as gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium or silver. Bullion coins are the most"
"""troy pound"" () on January 6, 1879, leaving only the ""troy ounce"" () and its decimal subdivisions, whereas the troy pound (of 12 troy ounces) and pennyweight are still legal in the United States, although no longer widely used. In all the systems, the fundamental unit is the pound (lb), and all other units are defined as fractions or multiples of it. The tables of imperial troy mass and apothecaries' mass are the same as the corresponding United States tables, except for the British spelling ""drachm"" in the table of apothecaries' mass. The table of imperial avoirdupois mass is the"
"277.42 cubic inches (4.546 litres). Twenty imperial fluid ounces make an imperial pint, the imperial fluid ounce being 0.96 US fluid ounces. The US Customary system of units makes use of set of dry units of capacity that have a similar set of names to those of liquid capacity, though different volumes - the dry pint having a volume of 33.6 cubic inches (550 ml) against the US fluid pint's volume of 28.875 cubic inches (473 ml) and the imperial pint of 34.68 cubic inches (568 ml). The imperial system of measure does not have an equivalent to the US"
"imperial fluid ounces to the gallon making the mass of a fluid ounce of water approximately one avoirdupois ounce (28.4 g). This relationship is still approximately valid even though the imperial gallon's definition was later revised to be 4.54609 litres, making the imperial fluid ounce exactly 28.4130625 ml. The US fluid ounce is based on the US gallon, which is based on the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches that was used in England prior to 1824. With the adoption of the international inch, the US fluid ounce became 29.5735295625 ml exactly, or about 4% larger than the imperial unit."
"460 g. The Spanish ounce (Spanish ""onza"") was of a pound, i.e. 28.75 g. The Tower ounce of 450 grains was used in the English mints, the principal one being in the Tower of London. It dates back to the Anglo-Saxon coinage weight standard. It was abolished in favour of the Troy ounce by Henry VIII in 1527. An ounce-force is of a pound-force, or . The ""ounce"" in ""ounce-force"" is equivalent to an avoirdupois ounce; ounce-force is a measurement of force using avoirdupois ounces. However, it is not necessary to identify it as such or to differentiate it in"
"Troy weight Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. One troy ounce (abbreviated ""t oz"" or ""oz t"") is equal to exactly , (or about 1.0971 oz. avoirdupois, the ""avoirdupois"" ounce being the most common definition of an ""ounce"" in the US). There are only 12 troy ounces per troy pound, rather than the 16 ounces per pound found in the more common avoirdupois system. The avoirdupois pound has 7000 grains whereas the troy pound has only 5760 grains (i.e. 12 × 480 grains). Both systems use the same grain defined"
"Thomas Snelling writes that the division of the pound into 12 ounces was in use with the Romans, and the division of ounces into 20 pennyweights was introduced into France by Charlemagne, and then brought to England by William the Conqueror. The Latin word for ""pound"" is libra. The £ or ₤ is a stylised writing of the letter L, a short way of writing libra. This is similar to how a pound of mass is abbreviated ""lb"". Up until 1972, especially on typewriters or keyboards without a ""£"" symbol, it was common to write ""L"" or ""l"" instead of"
"displaced it. Where once 240 pence made a tower pound (and 256 make a troy pound), by the time of the United Kingdom Weights and Measures Act of 1824, a troy pound gives 792 silver pence, still minted as such as Maundy Money. Sterling originally referred to the Norman silver penny of the late 11th century. The coin was minted to a fineness of 11 oz, 2 dwt (in the pound), or 925 Millesimal fineness. Troy weight Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. One troy ounce (abbreviated ""t oz"" or"
"g/cc ≈ 1.00224129 ounces per Imperial fluid ounce = 10.0224129 pounds per Imperial gallon. The density of precious metals could conceivably be based on Troy ounces and pounds, a possible cause of confusion. Density The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ""ρ"" (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter ""D"" can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: where ""ρ"" is the density, ""m"" is the mass, and ""V"" is the volume. In"
"a legal unit for trade (it was abolished in the United Kingdom on 6 January 1879 by the Weights and Measures Act of 1878), but the troy ounce, of a troy pound, is still used for measurements of gems such as opals, and precious metals such as silver, platinum and particularly gold. The system called Tower weight was the more general name for King Offa's pound. This dates to 757 AD and was based on the silver penny. This in turn was struck over Arabic dirhams (2d). The pound was based on the weight of 120 Arabic silver dirhams, which"
"Ounce The ounce (abbreviated oz; apothecary symbol: ℥) is a unit of mass, weight, or volume used in most British derived customary systems of measurement. The common avoirdupois ounce (approximately ) is of a common avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United States to measure packaged foods and food portions, postal items, areal density of fabric and paper, boxing gloves, and so on; but sometimes also elsewhere in the Anglosphere. Besides the common ounce, several other ounces are in current use: Historically, a variety of different ounces measuring"
"ton of 2000 pounds. In international trade, the ton of 2240 pounds was often referred to as the ""long ton"" and the ton of 2000 pounds as the ""short ton"". When using customary units, it is usual to express body weight in pounds, but when using imperial units, to use stones and pounds. In his ""Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States"", Thomas Jefferson, then secretary of state, identified 14 different gallons in English statutes varying in size from 224 to 282 cubic inches (3.67 to 4.62 litres). In 1832, in the absence"
"same as the United States table up to 1 pound, but above that point the tables differ. The imperial system has a hundredweight, defined as eight stone or 112 lb (), whereas a US hundredweight is 100 lb (). In both systems, 20 hundredweights make a ton. In the US, the terms ""long ton"" (, ) and ""short ton"" (; ) are used to distinguish them. The term ""metric ton"" is also used to denote a tonne (, ), which is about 2% less than the long ton. Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems Both the imperial"
"as a mass equal to to match the definition of the international pound agreed in 1959. A troy pound is equal to 12 troy ounces and to 5,760 grains, that is exactly grams. Troy weights were used in England by jewellers. Apothecaries also used the troy pound and ounce, but added the drachms and scruples unit in the Apothecaries' system of weights. Troy weight may take its name from the French market town of Troyes in France where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century. The troy pound is no longer in general use or"
"were like those between United States customary units and United Kingdom imperial units that measure liquids a US pint consists of 16 US fluid ounces while an imperial pint is 20 UK fluid ounces and the US fluid ounce is about 4% larger than the UK fluid ounce. Differences such as these occurred across Europe. Between 1790 and 1800, during the French Revolution, and with the backing of Louis XVI, the system of weights and measures was totally reformed. The new system of measures had a rational mathematical basis and was part of the radical effort to sweep away old"
"Congress on May 19, 1828. The British Imperial troy ounce (known more commonly simply as the imperial troy ounce) was based on, and virtually identical with, the pre-1824 British troy ounce and the pre-1707 English troy ounce. (1824 was the year the British Imperial system of weights and measures was adopted, 1707 was the year of the Act of Union which created the Kingdom of Great Britain.) Troy ounces have been used in England since about 1400 and the English troy ounce was officially adopted for coinage in 1527. Before that time, various sorts of troy ounces were in use"
"and for different applications, the pound (or its translation) has referred to broadly similar but not identical standards of mass or force. The libra (Latin for ""scales / balance"") is an ancient Roman unit of mass that was equivalent to approximately 328.9 grams. It was divided into 12 ""unciae"" (singular: ""uncia""), or ounces. The ""libra"" is the origin of the abbreviation for pound, ""lb"". A number of different definitions of the pound have historically been used in Britain. Amongst these were the avoirdupois pound and the obsolete Tower, merchant's and London pounds. Troy pounds and ounces remain in use only"
"them Holland troy, Paris troy, etc. Their values varied from one another by up to several percentage points. Troy weights were first used in England in the 15th century, and were made official for gold and silver in 1527. The British Imperial system of weights and measures (also known as Imperial units) was established in 1824, prior to which the troy weight system was a subset of pre-Imperial English units. The troy ounce in use today is essentially the same as the British Imperial troy ounce (1824–1971), adopted as an official weight standard for United States coinage by Act of"
"the Imperial Weights and Measures Act of 1824, the avoirdupois pound was defined as grains exactly. The act of 1855 authorised Miller's new standards to replace those lost in the fire that destroyed the Houses of Parliament. The standard was an avoirdupois pound, the grain being defined as of it. The division of the carat into four grains survives in both senses well into the early twentieth century. For pearls and diamonds, weight is quoted in carats, divided into four grains. The carat was eventually set to 205 milligrams (1877), and later 200 milligrams. For touch or fineness of gold,"
"pints. These pints are divided into two cups (though the imperial cup is rarely used now), which in turn are divided into two gills (gills are also rarely used). Thus a gallon is equal to four quarts, eight pints, sixteen cups or thirty-two gills. The imperial gill is further divided into five fluid ounces, whereas the US gill is divided into four fluid ounces. Thus an imperial fluid ounce is of an imperial pint or of an imperial gallon, while a US fluid ounce is of a US pint or of a US gallon. The imperial gallon, quart, pint, cup"
"carefully rounded off. It has a groove about from the top, to allow the cylinder to be lifted using an ivory fork. It was constructed following the destruction of the Houses of Parliament by fire in 1834, and is stamped P.S. 1844, 1 lb (P.S. stands for ""Parliamentary Standard""). This definition of the Imperial pound remains unchanged. The 1878 Act said that contracts worded in terms of metric units would be deemed by the courts to be made according to the Imperial units defined in the Act, and a table of metric equivalents was supplied so that the Imperial equivalents"
"No standards of the Tower pound are known to have survived. In terms of nominal currency units, a pound was 20 shillings of 12 pennies each (i.e. 240) from the late 8th century (Charlemagne/Offa of Mercia) to 1971 in the United Kingdom. English units English units are the units of measurement that were used in England up to 1826 (when they were replaced by Imperial units), which evolved as a combination of the Anglo-Saxon and Roman systems of units. Various standards have applied to English units at different times, in different places, and for different applications. The two main sets"
"standard, thus establishing what became the Imperial system of weights and measures. Late in the 19th century various governments acted to redefine their base standards on a scientific basis and establish ratio-metric equations to SI metric system standards. They did not always pick the same equivalencies, though the pound remained very similar; these independent legal actions led to small differences in certain quantities, such as the American and Imperial pounds. An alternative system of mass, the troy system, is generally used for precious materials. The modern definition of the avoirdupois pound (1 lb) is exactly kilograms. is from Anglo-Norman French"
"troy pound of 367.5 g. This pound of 12 ounces was in use in Troyes (Champagne fairs) where the mark of 8 ounces (also the Paris mark) weighed 245 g. The medieval troy pound weighed 240 pennyweights of 1.53 g or 24 medieval troy grains ( of the new pound and heavier than the real barleycorn). The Tower pound remained in use for weighing gold and silver until 1527. Anglo-Saxon pound The pound was a unit of account in Anglo-Saxon England, equal to 240 silver pennies and equivalent to one pound weight of silver. According to the Daily Telegraph it"
"pound and smaller units, the U.S. customary system and the British imperial system are identical. However, they differ when dealing with units larger than the pound. The definition of the pound avoirdupois in the imperial system is identical to that in the U.S. customary system. In the U.S., only the ounce, pound and short ton – known in the country simply as the ton – are commonly used, though the hundredweight is still used in agriculture and shipping. The grain is used to describe the mass of propellant and projectiles in small arms ammunition. It was also used to measure"
"the weight unit for goods which could be carried over some distance by porters or pack animals. Weight Gold British used weight of wheat berries as a standard to make currency coins. British chose Barley corn to weigh gold same as Akbar.<br> One Troy ounce = 480 Barley corn<br> 1 Troy Ounce = 120 carat<br> 1 Troy pound = 12 Troy ounce In 1878, the Troy Pound was abolished. ""Conversions"" Weight of 1 Barley corn = 64.79891 milligram<br> Weight of 1 Wheat berry = 45.561732 milligram<br> One Troy Ounce = 31.1034768 gram<br> 64 Wheat berries = 45 Barley corns<br> 3.75"
"The same is true of quarts, gallons, etc. Six US gallons are a little less than five imperial gallons. The Avoirdupois system served as the general system of mass and weight. In addition to this there are the Troy and the Apothecaries' systems. Troy weight was customarily used for precious metals, black powder and gemstones. The troy ounce is the only unit of the system in current use; it is used for precious metals. Although the troy ounce is larger than its Avoirdupois equivalent, the pound is smaller. The obsolete troy pound was divided into 12 ounces, rather than the"
"oz, 4.546 litres) whereas the US gallon is eight US pints (128 US fl oz, 3.785 litres). The metric system was officially adopted in the UK, for most purposes, in the 20th century and both imperial and metric are taught in schools and used in books. It is now mandatory for the sale of food to also show metric. However, it is not uncommon to purchase goods which are measured and labeled in metric, but the actual measure is rounded to the equivalent imperial measure (i.e., milk labeled as 568 mL / 1 pint). In September 2007, the EU with"