"Uruguay, whose government was at odds with Perón's. Cacciatore returned to Argentina and was reinstated into the Air Force. Following a collapse in Church-state relations in Argentina in late 1954, Cacciatore joined a second mutiny against the President, led by Rear Admiral Samuel Toranzo Calderón. On the eve of the planned, June 16, 1955, attack, Toranzo had decided to postpone the move; but unaware of the decision, an Air Force detachment, which included Cacciatore, carried out the brutal bombing of Plaza de Mayo (the public square facing the presidential offices, the Casa Rosada) as scheduled, and during a Peronist rally."
"Casa Rosada The Casa Rosada (, ) is the executive mansion and office of the President of Argentina. The palatial mansion is known officially as ""Casa de Gobierno"", (""House of Government"" or ""Government House""). Normally, the President lives at the Quinta de Olivos, the official residence of the President of Argentina, which is located in Olivos, Greater Buenos Aires. The characteristic color of the Casa Rosada is baby pink, and is considered one of the most emblematic buildings in Buenos Aires. The building also houses a museum, which contains objects relating to former presidents of Argentina. It has been declared"
"domestic policy reasons, namely, electoral fraud, poor labour rights, and the selection of Patrón Costas to run for the presidency. On June 4, 1943, the United Officers' Group (GOU), which was a secret alliance between military leaders led by Pedro Pablo Ramírez, Arturo Rawson, Edelmiro Farrell, and Farrell's protégé Juan Perón, marched to the Casa Rosada and demanded the resignation of president Castillo. After hours of threats, their goal was achieved and the president resigned. This event is considered by historians to be the official end of the Infamous Decade. After the coup, Ramírez took power. Although he did not"
"leave the country"". This led to turmoil, threats and negotiations which exhausted the leaders of the insurrection who went to bed that night before formally assuming power. On the morning of March 30, the leader of the insurrection General Raúl Poggi went to the Casa Rosada (where the office of the president is located) to take charge of the government and was surprised to find that there were journalists telling him that a civilian, José María Guido, had been sworn in president that morning in the palace of the Supreme Court. Guido was a senator from the UCRI who was"
"of Buenos Aires. Under Rosas's rule, many intellectuals fled either to Chile, as did Sarmiento, or to Uruguay, as Sarmiento himself notes. According to Latin American historian John Lynch, Juan Manuel de Rosas was ""a landowner, a rural ""caudillo"", and the dictator of Buenos Aires from 1829 to 1852"". He was born into a wealthy family of high social status, but Rosas's strict upbringing had a deep psychological influence on him. Sarmiento asserts that because of Rosas's mother, ""the spectacle of authority and servitude must have left lasting impressions on him"". Shortly after reaching puberty, Rosas was sent to an"
"infantry, artillery and bombers under control of the Puerto Rican commander. The Utuado uprising culminated in what is known as the Utuado massacre. On November 1, 1950, Puerto Rican nationalists from New York City, Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo, attempted to assassinate President Harry S. Truman at his temporary residence of Blair House. Torresola was killed during the attack, but Collazo was wounded and captured. He was convicted of murder and sentenced to death, but President Truman commuted his sentence to life. After Collazo served 29 years in a federal prison, President Jimmy Carter commuted his sentence to times served"
"Rosa Collazo Rosa Collazo a.k.a. Rosa Cortez-Collazo (1904 – May 1988) was a political activist and treasurer of the New York City branch of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. She was the wife of Oscar Collazo one of two Nationalists who attacked Blair House in 1950 in an attempt to kill President Harry Truman. She was accused by the FBI of assisting Nationalists Lolita Lebron, Rafael Cancel Miranda, Irvin Flores and Andres Figueroa Cordero in their assault on the United States House of Representatives in 1954. She was charged on both occasions with complicity in a conspiracy to overthrow the"
"rounds from semi-automatic pistols from the ""Ladies' Gallery"" (a balcony for visitors) of the House of Representatives chamber in the United States Capitol. On March 6, 1954, she was in the Nationalist office with the Nationalists Pepe Sotomayor, Doris Torresola Roura, Carmín Pérez and Albizu Campos. The police arrived and raided the facilities. The following morning the police attacked the Nationalist headquarters in San Juan with tear gas. Albizu Campos was carried out unconscious and those in the building, including Rosado were arrested and imprisoned. Rosado was sentenced to serve eleven years in prison. She was released from prison in"
"and was described by his contemporaries as canny and intelligent, and as a charismatic and convivial person. He was described as a poor public speaker, but as a very persuasive man in intimate conversations. In 1946, during the Guatemalan Revolution, a staff member at the United States embassy described his politics as nationalist, as well as being slightly pro-American. In June 1944, a series of popular protests forced the resignation of dictator Jorge Ubico. Ubico appointed Federico Ponce Vaides leader of a three-person junta which would lead the provisional government. A few days later, Ponce Vaides persuaded the Congress to"
"Economically, the ""Revolution of '43"" saw the continuation of the policy of Import Substitution Industrialization. The dictatorship ended with a call for a democratic elections on February 24, 1946, which all the sections of society accepted as perfect. Juan Domingo Perón won the elections and assumed the presidency on June 4, 1946. Perón would later be overthrown by the military in 1955, before he finished his second term. The so-called Revolución Libertadora was a transitional military dictatorship, brought about by a coup d'état which overthrew the president Juan Domingo Perón and lasted between 16 and 23 September 1955. On the"
"Emilio Mola, leader of the uprising against the Second Republic, attempted to establish a ""republican dictatorship,"" but in 1947 Franco established his authoritarian dictatorship as a regency for the monarchy, and in 1969 he named Juan Carlos de Borbón, grandson of the ousted Alfonso XIII, as his successor and the next king. Juan Carlos ascended to the throne upon the dictator's death in 1975. A Spanish Republican government in exile was established in Paris in April 1939. Thousands of Republicans fled the country to France as well. Many of them were captured after France was occupied by Nazi Germany in"
"had tortured Murillo and forced him to drink motor oil. The six years preceding the 1952 Revolution are known as the Sexenio, members of the Conservative Party tried to stem the growth of the left, but they ultimately failed because they could not halt the economic decline and control the growing social unrest. His time as a political prisoner. In 1946, with the fall of Villarroel's presidency, he intervened politically with the ""Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario"". In the Civil War of 1948 Rodolfo Plaza and Cesar Lafaye ended up political prisoners and roommates. One of Rodolfo's and Cesar delightful pastimes was"
"Perón. Perón reported the meddling of the ambassador of the United States Spruille Braden in the 1946 election, and won by a landslide. He nationalized several key tools of the economy of Argentina, and declared Argentine economic independence. The analogies between Perón and Rosas became explicit during the ""Revolución Libertadora"", a coup that ousted Perón from power and banned Peronism. Eduardo Lonardi, ""de facto"" president, used the quote """"ni vencedores ni vencidos"""" (), which was used by Justo José de Urquiza after deposing Rosas in the battle of Caseros. The official perspective was that Perón was ""the second tyranny"", the"
"a basement in the newly expanded Ramos Mejía Hospital (one of Buenos Aires' largest), where torture became routine. The president's confidence in Borlenghi was buttressed by the creation of the Federal Security Council in 1951, which included transferring the National Gendarmery and the Naval Prefecture (akin to the Coast Guard) from military control. Faced with such measures, some among the opposition began making conciliatory overtures to the powerful Interior Minister; a June 1953 meeting with a delegation from the conservative Democratic Party, for instance, led to the release of former Finance Minister Federico Pinedo and others in their leadership. Others"
"Casa Rosada, which is across the street, through an underground passage. The main building was built in 1929 by architect Alejandro Bustillo, for the original owner Federico L. Martínez de Hoz. Inaugurated in 1930, was originally used as a housing called ""Martinez de Hoz Building"". In 1940 the federal government bought it. Valued at US$1,607,022, its street surface is 413 square meters, inside it is 5430 square meters; and it has ten floors, the fifth floor being the Secretary of Intelligence's office, and the tenth floor the special operations division. Security on the facility is meticulously strict, the whole building"
"as such was a violation of the civil rights of the people of Puerto Rico. On November 1, 1950, following a series of uprisings in Puerto Rico which included the Jayuya Uprising and the Utuado Uprising which culminated in a massacre, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola invaded Harry S. Truman's residence, carrying a letter written by Albizu Campos and addressed to Truman. A shootout erupted between the duo and the guard stationed there, killing Torresola. Collazo was badly injured but survived and was sentenced to death by an American jury. The Puerto Rican Nationalist Party claimed that their goal was"
"the Allies. Ramírez stayed neutral and, consequently, the United States refused requests for Lend-Lease aid. Argentina finally declared war on Germany and Japan during the government of Edelmiro Farrell. Despite having been brought to power through a coup d'état, Peronist historiography never calls him a dictator. Pedro Pablo Ramírez Pedro Pablo Ramirez Machuca (January 30, 1884 – May 12, 1962) was ""de facto"" President of Argentina from June 7, 1943 to February 24, 1944. He was the founder and leader of ""Guardia Nacional"", Argentina's Fascist militia. After graduating from the Argentine military college in 1904 as a second lieutenant, Ramírez"
"Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (; ; born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1945, and the U.S.-backed authoritarian ruler from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants, which overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada. He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member ""pentarchy"" that functioned as the collective head of state. He maintained"
"maintain control. The extreme zeal of the government's repressive apparatus (weary of the chaos and the increasing momentum of the right-wing opposition) led it to commit a number of shocking acts, including the execution of various prominent members of the intelligentsia and subsequent disposal of their bodies by pushing them off a cliff. That gave the traditional parties the excuse to initiate a nationwide revolt that killed the president. On July 21, 1946, anti-government crowds took control of the Plaza Murillo, the site of the Palace of Government (the so-called Palacio Quemado), laying siege to it. From within the Palace,"
"National guardsmen, 9 were Nationalists, and 11 were uninvolved civilians. The actions were not limited to Puerto Rico. Two Puerto Rican Nationalists, who were living in New York City at the time, planned to assassinate the US President, Harry S. Truman. On November 1, 1950, they attacked police and Secret Service to gain access to Blair House in Washington, D.C., where Truman was staying during major renovations of the White House. One Nationalist, Griselio Torresola, was killed in the attack, as was a White House police officer, Leslie Coffelt. The other, Oscar Collazo, was tried and convicted, and sentenced to"
"and since then Árbenz had been in El Salvador organizing a band of revolutionary exiles. On 19 October 1944, a small group of soldiers and students led by Árbenz and Arana attacked the National Palace, in what later became known as the ""October Revolution"". Ponce was defeated and driven into exile. Árbenz, Arana, and a lawyer named Jorge Toriello established a junta which held democratic elections before the end of the year, and were won by a professor named Juan José Arévalo. Ubico died in exile in New Orleans on 14 June 1946. Jorge Ubico Jorge Ubico Castañeda (10 November"
"war, in October 1945, his entire cabinet resigned in protest of a state visit he made to Washington, D.C.. Economically, he faced labor unrest at home, brought about, in large part, by the drop in copper prices worldwide. Faced with a cancer in terminal stage, he gave up his presidential powers in January, 1946, to his Minister of the Interior, Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez, who acted as Vice-President until his death on June 27, 1946. For the second times in five years, a presidential election was held on September 4, 1946, opposing the Radical candidate Gabriel González Videla to the physician"
"any military forces. Juan Perón managed relations with labourers and unions, and became highly popular. He was deposed and detained on Martín García Island, but a massive demonstration on October 17, 1945, forced the government to free Perón and restore him to office. Perón would win the elections shortly afterward by a landslide. The US ambassador, Spruille Braden, took direct action in Argentine politics supporting the antiperonist parties. In 1946 General Juan Perón became president; his populist ideology became known as peronism. His popular wife Eva Perón played a leading political role until her death in 1952. Perón established censorship"
"the Nationalist Party were transferred to the Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, by order of federal judge Robert A. Cooper. The next day, Díaz Pacheco participated in an assassination attempt on Judge Cooper, in retaliation for Cooper's rigging the jury with ten North Americans and only two Puerto Ricans, and for sentencing the Nationalist leadership to long prison terms. Díaz Pacheco together with nine other Nationalists were arrested and accused of attempting against the life of Judge Cooper. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt became involved when on October 22, 1937, he signed Executive Order Number 7731 designating Martin Travieso, Associate Justice"
"Fernando Rosas Fernando José Mendes Rosas (born 18 April 1946, in Lisbon) is a Portuguese historian, professor and politician. Rosas was born on 18 April 1946. He studied at Pedro Nunes secondary school, and in 1961, he joined the school's Portuguese Communist Party organization, a party for which he was later a militant. He entered University of Lisbon's Faculty of Law where he remained an active militant. He was arrested in the repressive wave of January, 1965, while he was directing the student association of his Faculty. The Estado Novo arrested dozens of activists from the main board of student"
"Perón was neither fascist nor anti-fascist, simply realist, and that the active intervention of the working class in politics, as he saw in those countries, was a definitive phenomenon. After World War II, Argentina became a haven for Nazi war criminals, with explicit protection from Perón. Author Uki Goñi alleges that Axis Power collaborators, including Pierre Daye, met with Perón at ""Casa Rosada"" (Pink House), the President's official residence. In this meeting, a network would have been created with support by the Argentine Immigration Service and the Foreign Office. The Swiss Chief of Police Heinrich Rothmund and the Croatian Roman"
"most powerful man in the Argentine government. On 9 October 1945 Juan Perón was arrested by his opponents within the government who feared that, due to the strong support of the ""descamisados"", the workers and the poor of the nation, Perón's popularity might eclipse that of the sitting president. Six days later, between 250,000 and 350,000 people gathered in front of the Casa Rosada, Argentina's government house, to demand Juan Perón's release, and their wish was granted. At 11 pm, Juan Perón stepped onto the balcony of the Casa Rosada and addressed the crowd. Biographer Robert D. Crassweller claims that"
"towards the end of her life. Lolita Lebrón, Vilar’s grandmother, led an armed attack on the United States House of Representatives on March 1, 1954. She had been inspired by Puerto Rican nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. She, along with three male counterparts, sat in the visitor’s area, called “The Ladies’ Gallery” and opened fire in the chamber. Several congressmen were hurt, but no one was killed. Due to a recent attack on President Truman’s temporary residence, the nationalist activists were expecting to be killed themselves. Lolita was sentenced to fifty-seven years in prison, of which she served twenty-seven until"
"York City, where he was offered a chair at Columbia University. However, he chose to accept an invitation from President Lázaro Cárdenas to settle in Mexico, which he entered by train on 17 April 1939. He arrived in Mexico City with his wife Ángeles Correa and their five children and stayed for a short period in the Hotel Reforma, then for six months in the Hotel Montejo on the Paseo de Reforma. He lived in Mexico City for the remainder of his life. He was consultant lawyer to the Presidency of the Republic from 1940 to 1946 and was involved"
"politics no government was willing to risk unpopularity by releasing him. As early as June 1946 U.S. President Harry Truman interceded in vain for his release, even offering to provide political asylum in the U.S. A similar offer was later made by the Spanish dictator General Franco. Although Pétain had still been in good health for his age at the time of his imprisonment, by late 1947 his memory lapses were worsening to the point of no longer recognising his wife. By January 1949 his lucid intervals were becoming fewer and fewer. On 3 March 1949, a meeting of the"
"first administration in 1946, Supreme Court justices averaged 12 years on the bench."" It was Argentine corruption, particularly that of Perón and his first wife, Eva Perón, that made it possible for Nazis such as Adolf Eichmann to settle in Argentina after World War II. Some historians have suggested that during her 1947 European tour Eva Perón may have opened secret Swiss bank accounts ""to stash funds and valuables she allegedly received from Nazis in exchange for Argentine passports and visas."" Since 1946, wrote Lindsey, ""It's been downhill,"" with the Supreme Court ""reduced to a puppet of executive power."" In"
"1945), Governors of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Guanabara. The coup was also supported by the Embassy and State Department of the United States. The military dictatorship lasted for almost twenty-one years; despite initial pledges to the contrary, military governments in 1967 enacted a new, restrictive Constitution, and stifled freedom of speech and political opposition. The regime adopted nationalism, economic development, and Anti-Communism as its guidelines. The dictatorship reached the height of its popularity in the 1970s with the so-called ""Brazilian Miracle"", even as the regime censored all media, and tortured and exiled dissidents. João Figueiredo became President in March"
"use, and its first official occupant was Foreign Minister Honorio Pueyrredón. A coup in 1930 and the installation of General José Félix Uriburu gave the estate its first use as a presidential residence when the infirm dictator opted for the spot's breeze and tranquility during a 1931 heat wave. Uriburu's successor, Agustín P. Justo, planned a vacation resort at the site in 1933. The Villate deed prevented him legally from doing so, though, and in 1936, he formally inaugurated the estate as the Residence of the President of Argentina, while ceding the western portion to the Military Officers' Association. President"