"the 22 proposals have been agreed upon by a parliamentary majority. Denmark shares strong cultural and historic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours Sweden and Norway. It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise pornography, and in 2012, Denmark replaced its ""registered partnership"" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989, with gender-neutral marriage. Modesty and social equality are important parts of Danish culture. The astronomical discoveries of Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Ludwig A. Colding's (1815–88) neglected articulation of the principle of conservation"
"Anders Celsius Anders Celsius (27 November 170125 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, and in 1742 proposed the Celsius temperature scale which bears his name. Anders Celsius was born in Uppsala, Sweden on 27 November 1701. His family originated from Ovanåker in the province of Hälsingland. Their family estate was at ""Doma"", also known as ""Höjen"" or ""Högen"" (locally as ""Högen 2""). The"
"Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens ( ; ; ; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution. In physics, Huygens made groundbreaking contributions in optics and mechanics, while as an astronomer he is chiefly known for his studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan. As an inventor, he improved the design of the telescope with the invention of the Huygenian eyepiece. His most famous invention, however, was"
"Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe (; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; 14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in the then Danish peninsula of Scania. Well known in his lifetime as an astronomer, astrologer and alchemist, he has been described as ""the first competent mind in modern astronomy to feel ardently the passion for exact empirical facts."" His observations were some five times more accurate than the best available observations at the time. An heir to several of Denmark's principal noble families, he received"
"in 1747. Olof Hiorter Olof Petrus (or Peter) Hiorter (or Hjorter) (1696–1750) was a Swedish astronomer. After studying in the Netherlands, he was appointed lecturer at the University of Uppsala in 1732 to fill the vacant position of Anders Celsius then on his grand tour of European observatories. From 1737 onwards, he studied together with Celsius the aurora phenomenon and a number of astronomy subjects (solar eclipse, comet like the one of 1744, latitude measurements). Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin was his pupil. Hiorter was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1745 and appointed ""Observator Regius"" -"
"Olof Hiorter Olof Petrus (or Peter) Hiorter (or Hjorter) (1696–1750) was a Swedish astronomer. After studying in the Netherlands, he was appointed lecturer at the University of Uppsala in 1732 to fill the vacant position of Anders Celsius then on his grand tour of European observatories. From 1737 onwards, he studied together with Celsius the aurora phenomenon and a number of astronomy subjects (solar eclipse, comet like the one of 1744, latitude measurements). Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin was his pupil. Hiorter was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1745 and appointed ""Observator Regius"" - ""Royal Astronomer"""
"Celestial Spheres"") was published just before his death in 1543 and, as it is now generally considered to mark the beginning of modern astronomy, is also considered to mark the beginning of the Scientific revolution. Copernicus' new perspective, along with the accurate observations made by Tycho Brahe, enabled German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) to formulate his laws regarding planetary motion that remain in use today. The Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) was the central figure in the Scientific revolution and famous for his support for Copernicanism, his astronomical discoveries, empirical experiments and his improvement of the telescope."
"asteroid belt. The bright supernova, SN 1572, is also known as ""Tycho's Nova"" and the Tycho Brahe Planetarium in Copenhagen is also named after him, as is the palm genus Brahea. Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe (; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; 14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in the then Danish peninsula of Scania. Well known in his lifetime as an astronomer, astrologer and alchemist, he has been described as ""the first competent mind in modern astronomy to feel ardently the passion"
"a 1515 set of woodcut portraits produced by Albrecht Dürer in Nuremberg, Germany. During the European Age of Discovery, expeditions to the southern hemisphere began to result in the addition of new constellations. These most likely came from the records of two Dutch sailors, Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, who in 1595 traveled together to the Dutch East Indies. Their compilations resulted in the 1601 globe of Jodocus Hondius, who added 12 new southern constellations. Several other such maps were produced, including Johann Bayer's ""Uranometria"" in 1603. The latter was the first atlas to chart both celestial hemispheres"
"Johannes Stadius Johannes Stadius or Estadius (Dutch: ""Jan Van Ostaeyen""; French: ""Jean Stade"") (ca. 1 May 1527 – 17 June 1579), was a Flemish astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He was one of the important late 16th-century makers of ephemerides, which gave the positions of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky at a given time or times. Born ""Jan Van Ostaeyen"" in the town of Loenhout (""Loennouthesius"", meaning 'from Loenhout', is sometimes appended to his Latin surname) in the Duchy of Brabant, Stadius grew up in the ""Schaliënhuis"" on the old Dorpsstraat, which was one"
"Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, and served at this post until his death from tuberculosis in 1744. He supported the formation of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm in 1739 by Linnaeus and five others, and was elected a member at the first meeting of this academy. It was in fact Celsius who proposed the new academy's name. Anders Celsius Anders Celsius (27 November 170125 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany,"
"Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has been called the ""father of observational astronomy"", the ""father of modern physics"", the ""father of the scientific method"", and the ""father of modern science"". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and ""hydrostatic balances"", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His"
"court astrologers included Tycho Brahe in the royal court of Denmark, Johannes Kepler to the Habsburgs, Galileo Galilei to the Medici, and Giordano Bruno who was burnt at the stake for heresy in Rome in 1600. The distinction between astrology and astronomy was not entirely clear. Advances in astronomy were often motivated by the desire to improve the accuracy of astrology. Ephemerides with complex astrological calculations, and almanacs interpreting celestial events for use in medicine and for choosing times to plant crops, were popular in Elizabethan England. In 1597, the English mathematician and physician Thomas Hood made a set of"
"already modelled its orbit in his geoheliocentric model to an error in longitude of under 2 arcminutes when Kepler had still only achieved 8 arcminutes error in his heliocentric system, as he had not yet used elliptical orbits. Some historians claim Kepler’s 1627 ""Rudolphine Tables"", based on Tycho Brahe’s observations, were more accurate than any previous tables. But nobody has ever demonstrated they were more accurate than Longomontanus’s 1622 ""Danish Astronomy"" tables, also based upon Tycho’s observations. His major works in mathematics and astronomy were: Christen Sørensen Longomontanus Christen Sørensen Longomontanus (or Longberg) (4 October 1562 – 8 October 1647)"
"role of local, first hand scientific observations lost more and more importance due to growing literacy and acquirement of knowledge from books. Oddi Helgason Oddi Helgason (c.1070/80 – c. 1140/50), called Star Oddi (Icelandic: ""Stjörnu-Oddi""), worked as a farm laborer in the 12th century in northern Iceland and achieved remarkable astronomical knowledge through careful observations. Oddi resumed his work in the ""Oddatala"" where he stated the position of the sun for every day of the year in Iceland and calculated the date of summer and winter solstices and their direction giving the sailing Vikings a useful source of orientation, since"
"May 1527 is based on this inscription. The lunar crater Stadius is named after Stadius. Johannes Stadius Johannes Stadius or Estadius (Dutch: ""Jan Van Ostaeyen""; French: ""Jean Stade"") (ca. 1 May 1527 – 17 June 1579), was a Flemish astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He was one of the important late 16th-century makers of ephemerides, which gave the positions of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky at a given time or times. Born ""Jan Van Ostaeyen"" in the town of Loenhout (""Loennouthesius"", meaning 'from Loenhout', is sometimes appended to his Latin surname) in the Duchy"
"of the year 1661 from 11 o'clock until after 12 o'clock"") The same event was also described by the astronomer Johan Hevelius the following year in his book ""Mercurius in Sole visus Gedani"". On 20 February 1661 a complex halo phenomenon was observed by more than 1000 people, including Fehlau and Hevelius, both astronomers, in the city of Danzig on the Baltic. As well as the true sun, two mock suns (parhelia) and an anthelion were seen, with halos at 22° and 46°, and topped with an upper tangent arc and a circumzenithal arc, respectively. Of particular interest to modern"
"There are fewer records of supernova SN 1181, which occurred in the constellation Cassiopeia just over a century after SN 1054. It was noted by Chinese and Japanese astronomers, however. The pulsar 3C58 may be the stellar relic from this event. The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe was noted for his careful observations of the night sky from his observatory on the island of Hven. In 1572 he noted the appearance of a new star, also in the constellation Cassiopeia. Later called SN 1572, this supernova was associated with a remnant during the 1960s. A common belief in Europe during this"
"and moved all their limbs very lifelike. The letter was found in the papers of his friend Constantijn Huygens, father of the likely inventor of the magic lantern Christiaan Huygens. In 1612 Italian mathematician Benedetto Castelli wrote to his mentor, the Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher and mathematician Galileo Galilei about projecting images of the sun through a telescope (invented in 1608) to study the recently discovered sunspots. Galilei wrote about Castelli's technique to the German Jesuit priest, physicist and astronomer Christoph Scheiner. From 1612 to at least 1630 Christoph Scheiner would keep on studying sunspots and constructing new telescopic"
"and 1655 Comas Solà are named after him. Josep Comas i Solà Josep Comas i Solà (; 17 December 1868 – 2 December 1937) was a Spanish astronomer and discoverer of minor planets, comets and double stars, born of Catalan origin in Barcelona. He wrote his first astronomy notes at 10, and was only fifteen when he published an article in a French specialist magazine. He observed planets including Mars and Saturn, measuring the rotation period of the latter. He wrote some books popularizing astronomy, and was first president of the ""Sociedad Astrónomica de España y América"". He discovered the"
"Guillaume Le Gentil Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean-Baptiste Le Gentil de la Galaisière (born Coutances, 12 September 1725 – died Paris, 22 October 1792) was a French astronomer who discovered several nebulae and was appointed to the Royal Academy of Sciences. He made unsuccessful attempts to observe the 1761 and 1769 transits of Venus from India. He was born in Coutances and first intended to enter the church before turning to astronomy. He discovered what are now known as the Messier objects M32, M36 and M38, as well as the nebulosity in M8, and he was the first to catalogue the"
"widely known by Chinese astronomers as his great work on the catalogue of novae. Knut Lundmark Knut Emil Lundmark, born 14 June 1889 in Älvsbyn, Sweden, died 23 April 1958 in Lund, Sweden, was a Swedish astronomer, professor of astronomy and head of the observatory at Lund University from 1929 to 1955. Lundmark received his astronomical education at the observatory of Uppsala University. His dissertation (1920) was titled: ""The relations of the globular clusters and spiral nebulae to the stellar system"". During the 1920s he worked at several observatories in the USA, mainly the Lick Observatory and the Mount Wilson"
"Hugo Gyldén Johan August Hugo Gyldén (May 29, 1841 in Helsinki – November 9, 1896 in Stockholm) was a Finland-Swedish astronomer primarily known for work in celestial mechanics. Gyldén was the son of Nils Abraham Gyldén, Professor of Classical philology at the University of Helsinki and baroness Beata Sofia Wrede. He spent his student years at his father's university, graduating as a ""filosofie magister"" from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics in 1860. In 1871 he was called by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to be its astronomer and head of the Stockholm Observatory. From 1872 he was a"
"confused for Conrad Dasypodius who constructed the astronomic clockwork in the Strassbourg cathedral. Petrus Astronomus Petrus Astronomus, O.Ss.S., (died after 1513), a German by birth, was a Bridgettine monk in Vadstena Abbey, Vadstena, Sweden. In 1506, he created an astronomical clock for the Uppsala Cathedral, which, in addition to the hours and minutes of the day, also illustrated the moon phase and the movements of the planets. The clock was repaired by Christopher Polhem in the 17th century but destroyed in a fire in 1702. He first appears by name as a lecturer in astronomy at Uppsala University, where between"
"and 54 double-page plates of 73 constellations. Both the northern and southern hemispheres were centered on an ecliptic pole, and most star locations were all based off Johannes' own observations. Those that were not, the southern polar stars, were based on a catalog and map published in 1679 by Edmond Halley. Prodromus Astronomiae Prodromus Astronomiae is a star catalog created by Johannes Hevelius and published posthumously by his wife and research aid Elisabeth Hevelius in 1690. The catalog consists of the location of 1,564 stars listed by constellation. It consists of three separate parts: a preface (labeled ""Prodromus""), a star"
"Frederik Kaiser Frederik Kaiser (Amsterdam, June 10, 1808 – Leiden, July 28, 1872) was a Dutch astronomer. He was director of the Leiden Observatory from 1838 until his death. He is credited with the advancement of Dutch astronomy through his scientific contributions of positional measurements, his popularization of astronomy in the Netherlands, and by helping to build a state-of-the-art observatory in 1861 (Today it is known as the ""Old Observatory""). He made a series of drawings of Mars at its opposition in 1862 and made a fairly precise determination of its rotational period. Craters on Mars and on the Moon"
"Bessel won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society twice in 1829 and 1841. The largest crater in the Moon's Mare Serenitatis and the main-belt asteroid 1552 Bessel were named in his honour. Friedrich Bessel Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the sun to another star by the method of parallax. A special type of mathematical functions were named Bessel functions after Bessel's death, though they had originally been discovered by Daniel Bernoulli"
"Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (; ; December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. Kepler is a key figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution. He is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works ""Astronomia nova"", ""Harmonices Mundi"", and ""Epitome of Copernican Astronomy"". These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Kepler was a mathematics teacher at a seminary school in Graz, where he became an associate of Prince Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg. Later he became an assistant to the astronomer Tycho Brahe"
"Petrus Astronomus Petrus Astronomus, O.Ss.S., (died after 1513), a German by birth, was a Bridgettine monk in Vadstena Abbey, Vadstena, Sweden. In 1506, he created an astronomical clock for the Uppsala Cathedral, which, in addition to the hours and minutes of the day, also illustrated the moon phase and the movements of the planets. The clock was repaired by Christopher Polhem in the 17th century but destroyed in a fire in 1702. He first appears by name as a lecturer in astronomy at Uppsala University, where between 1508 and 1509 he conducted a series of lectures. He is sometimes erroneously"
"Johannes Fabricius Johann Goldsmid, better known by his Latinized name Johann(es) Fabricius (8 January 1587 – 19 March 1616), eldest son of David Fabricius (1564–1617), was a Frisian/German astronomer and a discoverer of sunspots (in 1610), independently of Galileo Galilei. Johannes was born in Resterhafe (East Friesland). He studied at the University of Helmstedt, Wittenberg University and graduated from Leiden University in 1611. He returned from university in the Netherlands with telescopes that he and his father turned on the Sun. Despite the difficulties of observing the sun directly, they noted the existence of sunspots, the first confirmed instance of"
"the main exercise of up till his own death. Apart from his activities as director of Berlin Observatory, from 1705 he led at the same time the private observatory ofn and was from 1710 until at least 1712 also a teacher to the Cadet Corps. Johann Heinrich Hoffmann Johann Heinrich Hoffmann (1669 in /Thüringen; April 6, 1716 in Berlin) was a German astronomer. Hoffmann was a student of Erhard Weigel and, until his death in 1699, his (assistant). He accompanied him on his journey of 1696 - 1697 to Denmark and Sweden. From February 1701 Hoffmann was employed first as"
"heralded the decline of the Roman Catholic Church and stated that the years 1592-1632 would be impacted by the astrological influence of the supernova. The years corresponded almost precisely with the lifespan of Gustavus Adolphus (1594 - 1632), the king of Sweden who championed the cause of Protestantism during the Thirty Years War. This apparently successful prediction won Brahe international fame as an astrologer. According to Nicholas DeVore, while the fixed stars no longer are consulted much in natal astrology, they remain important in aspects of astrological divination such as judicial astrology. Those astrologers who include them in natal charts"
"he started working as a fellow for the University of California at Lick Observatory, near San Jose, California. Holger Thiele died in Alameda County in 1946. Holger Thiele Holger Thiele (September 25, 1878 – June 5, 1946) was a Danish American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets and comets. He was the son of Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (1838–1910), the noted Danish astronomer, actuary and mathematician, after whom the main-belt asteroid 1586 Thiele is named. Holger Thiele is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 4 numbered asteroids during 1914–1916. He also discovered the comet C/1906 V1 and"