"the same time was a failure. Richard Coeur de Lion (play) Richard Coeur de Lion: An historical romance is a 1786 semi-opera with an English text by John Burgoyne set to music by Thomas Linley the Elder. It was first staged at Drury Lane Theatre in October 1786. It was a translation of Michel-Jean Sedaine's opera ""Richard Coeur-de-lion"" about the life of the English Monarch Richard I with the ending significantly changed. The work was a major success and ran for 43 performances and was revived seven times before the end of the century. By contrast a rival version staged"
"Richard I of England Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as ' or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in Occitan as '"
"Cultural depictions of Richard I of England Richard I of England has been depicted many times in romantic fiction and popular culture. The Scots philosopher and chronicler John Mair was the first to associate Richard with the Robin Hood legends in his ""Historia majoris Britannae, tam Angliae quam Scotiae"" (1521). In the earliest Robin Hood ballads the only king mentioned is ""Edward our comely king"", most probably Edward II or Edward III. However, Sir Walter Scott's novel ""Ivanhoe"" popularised Mair's linking of the Hood legends to Richard's reign, and it was taken up by later novelists and by cinema. Typically"
"Among other things, they are extremely helpful to fill out a half-verse"", Walter Burkert has noted. Some epithets are known by the Latin term ""epitheton necessarium"" because they are required to distinguish the bearers, e.g. as an alternative to numbers after a prince's name—such as Richard the Lionheart (Richard I of England), or Charles the Fat alongside Charles the Bald. The same epithet can be used repeatedly joined to different names, e.g. Alexander the Great as well as Constantine the Great. Other epithets can easily be omitted without serious risk of confusion, and are therefore known (again in Latin) as"
"Edward I of England Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout"
"example Charles X Gustav of Sweden, George Tupou V of Tonga. If a monarch reigns in more than one realm, he or she may carry different ordinals in each one, as some realms may have had different numbers of rulers of the same regnal name. For example, the same person was both King James I of England and King James VI of Scotland. The ordinal is not normally used for the first ruler of the name, but is used in historical references once the name is used again. Thus, Queen Elizabeth I of England was called simply ""Elizabeth of England"""
"King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. In 1872, English players wore white jerseys emblazoned with the three lions crest of the Football Association. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms; this introduced ten Tudor roses, one for each of the regional branches of the FA. Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto"
"Richard I of Normandy Richard I (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French: ""Richard Sans-Peur""; Old Norse: ""Jarl Richart""), was the Count of Rouen or Jarl of Rouen from 942 to 996. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, whom Richard commissioned to write the """"De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum"""" (Latin, """"On the Customs and Deeds of the First Dukes of Normandy""""), called him a ""Dux."" However, this use of the word may have been in the context of Richard's renowned leadership in war, and not as a reference to a title of nobility. Richard"
"Dickin Dickin is a surname of English and Irish origin originating in the mid-11th century during the Norman conquests. The origin of the Dickin surname stems from the Norman conquests of 1066 and King Richard the First of England. Patronymic naming, established following the Norman conquests, meant that Richard's son would become Richardson (Richard + Son). Eventually, as the shorthand for Richard became ""Dick"" the name morphed into Dickson and several other related names. In order to be gender neutral, the name also morphed into being the kin of Richard, as in Richard's kin or Dick + Kin, which was"
"an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France, and is one of very few kings of England remembered by his nickname as opposed to regnal number. When Richard died, his brother John – Henry's fifth and only surviving son – took the throne. In 1204 John lost much of the Angevins' continental territories, including Anjou, to the French crown. He and his successors were still recognized as dukes of Aquitaine. The loss of Anjou from which the dynasty is named is the rationale behind John's sonHenry III of England being considered the first Plantageneta name derived from the"
"Ireland""). Informally, he may have been known as ""Dickon"", according to a sixteenth-century legend of a note, warning of treachery, that was sent to the Duke of Norfolk on the eve of Bosworth: As Duke of Gloucester, Richard used the Royal Arms of England quartered with the Royal Arms of France, differenced by a label argent of three points ermine, on each point a canton gules, supported by a blue boar. As sovereign, he used the arms of the kingdom undifferenced, supported by a white boar and a lion. His motto was ""Loyaulte me lie"", ""Loyalty binds me""; and his"
"popular theories suggests the common broom, in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname. It is uncertain why Richard chose this specific name, although during the Wars of the Roses it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male descendants was popular during the subsequent Tudor dynasty, perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, Henry VIII. It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. is French for ""from Anjou"". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard"
"a sprig of common broom, said to have been worn by Geoffrey of Anjou in his cap. The broom plant or ""Plantegenest"" (""planta genista"" in medieval Latin), thus became Geoffrey's nickname; ""Plantagenet"". The heraldic device also became the name of the dynasty that was borne from him, which was to rule England for over 300 years. The Plantagenet kings would use this badge, sometimes combining it with other more personal devices. King Henry II used the 'planta genista' as well as an escarbuncle. King Richard I used a star and crescent device, which was also adopted by his brother King"
"Harold Harefoot Harold I ( 1016 – 17 March 1040), also known as Harold Harefoot, was King of England from 1035 to 1040. Harold's nickname ""Harefoot"" is first recorded as ""Harefoh"" or ""Harefah"" in the twelfth century in the history of Ely Abbey, and according to late medieval chroniclers it meant that he was fleet of foot. The son of Cnut the Great and Ælfgifu of Northampton, Harold was elected regent of England, following the death of his father in 1035. He was initially ruling England in place of his brother Harthacnut, who was stuck in Denmark due to a"
"time; writing had not become widespread throughout society and many names were spoken - rarely written. With Richard as its root patronymic, Dickin is related to several other surnames: Dickin Dickin is a surname of English and Irish origin originating in the mid-11th century during the Norman conquests. The origin of the Dickin surname stems from the Norman conquests of 1066 and King Richard the First of England. Patronymic naming, established following the Norman conquests, meant that Richard's son would become Richardson (Richard + Son). Eventually, as the shorthand for Richard became ""Dick"" the name morphed into Dickson and several"
"Edmund I Edmund I (, pronounced ; 921 – 26 May 946) was King of the English from 939 until his death. His epithets include ""the Elder"", ""the Deed-doer"", ""the Just"", and ""the Magnificent"". Edmund was the son of Edward the Elder and his third wife Eadgifu of Kent, and a grandson of Alfred the Great. His father died when he was young, and was succeeded by his oldest son Æthelstan. Edmund came to the throne upon the death of his half-brother in 939, apparently with little opposition. His reign was marked by almost constant warfare, including conquests or reconquests"
"him as king. Richard was the younger maternal half-brother of Countess Marie of Champagne and Countess Alix of Blois. The eldest son of Henry II and Eleanor, William, died in 1156, before Richard's birth. Richard is often depicted as having been the favourite son of his mother. His father was Angevin-Norman and great-grandson of William the Conqueror. Contemporary historian Ralph of Diceto traced his family's lineage through Matilda of Scotland to the Anglo-Saxon kings of England and Alfred the Great, and from there legend linked them to Noah and Woden. According to Angevin family tradition, there was even 'infernal blood'"
"Lord British Lord British, whose full name is Lord Cantabrigian British, is the name of the fictional ruler of Britannia, a kingdom in the fictional world of Sosaria, created by Richard Garriott for his computer game series ""Ultima"". Garriott himself is also known to his fans as Lord British. ""Ultima"" series creator Richard Garriott acquired the nickname ""British"" as a teenager from friends at computer camp who claimed his greeting to them, ""hello"", was distinct from the usual American ""hi"". The Lord title was later added when he played the dungeon master in Dungeons & Dragons games. When his first"
"Robin is depicted upholding justice in Richard's name against John and his officials during the king's imprisonment. Richard has appeared frequently in fiction, as a result of the 'chivalric revival' of the Romantic era. Richard has been portrayed on film by: Richard has been portrayed on television by: Richard is played by Ed Stoppard in Mike Walker's BBC Radio 4 series ""Plantagenet (2010). Cultural depictions of Richard I of England Richard I of England has been depicted many times in romantic fiction and popular culture. The Scots philosopher and chronicler John Mair was the first to associate Richard with the"
"Elizabeth I). According to ""The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names"", ""Venetia"" is most likely a Latinization of ""Gwyneth,"" and the name was popularized by Venetia Stanley. A celebrated beauty, Venetia moved to London alone in her early teens and had garnered a licentious reputation well before her twentieth birthday. Rumour noted later by the curious antiquary John Aubrey had it that she was the ""concubine"" of Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset (died 1624), who had children by her and settled upon her an annuity of £500 per annum. Circa 1625, she eventually married the celebrated scientist and adventurer Kenelm"
"July 2013 announced its agreement to give King Richard III a raised tomb monument. On 1 November 1461, Richard gained the title of Duke of Gloucester; in late 1461, he was invested as a Knight of the Garter. Following the death of King Edward IV, he was made Lord Protector of England. Richard held this office from 30 April to 26 June 1483, when he made himself king of the realm. As King of England, Richard was styled ""Dei Gratia Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae"" (""by the Grace of God, King of England and France and Lord of"
"1144 and died in 1151. In 1152 his heir, Henry, added Aquitaine by virtue of his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine. Henry also inherited the claim of his mother, Empress Matilda, the daughter of King Henry I, to the English throne, to which he succeeded in 1154 following the death of King Stephen. Henry was succeeded by his third son, Richard, whose reputation for martial prowess won him the epithet """" or ""Lionheart"". He was born and raised in England but spent very little time there during his adult life, perhaps as little as six months. Despite this Richard remains"
"saw it happen or where they were when they heard about it."" Lord British Lord British, whose full name is Lord Cantabrigian British, is the name of the fictional ruler of Britannia, a kingdom in the fictional world of Sosaria, created by Richard Garriott for his computer game series ""Ultima"". Garriott himself is also known to his fans as Lord British. ""Ultima"" series creator Richard Garriott acquired the nickname ""British"" as a teenager from friends at computer camp who claimed his greeting to them, ""hello"", was distinct from the usual American ""hi"". The Lord title was later added when he"
"for. The glory that he sought was that of victory rather than conquest. In World War I, when British troops commanded by General Edmund Allenby captured Jerusalem, the British press printed cartoons of Richard the Lionheart looking down from the heavens with the caption reading, ""At last my dream has come true"". General Allenby protested against his campaign being presented as a latter-day Crusade, however, stating ""The importance of Jerusalem lay in its strategic importance, there was no religious impulse in this campaign"". Richard is one of the most prominent monarchs in British popular culture, appearing as a major or"
"which is east of Falaise, in the Calvados region of Normandy. The attribution is now regarded as not fully proven. It is made up of two very common French toponym elements, meaning “attractive estate”: there is a village called Aubermesnil-Beaumais elsewhere in Normandy. Whatever the form of his name, Richard is easily confused with his namesake and nephew, Richard de Belmeis II, who was also a 12th-century Bishop of London. Tout refers to Richard I by the surname ""Rufus"", which creates further confusion. His epitaph shows that he was called Rufus, but the name, in the form Ruffus, is now"
"Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272), second son of John, King of England, was the nominal Count of Poitou (1225–43), Earl of Cornwall (from 1225) and King of Germany (from 1257). He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the Barons' Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners and assisted with the building of the citadel in Ascalon. He was born 5 January 1209 at Winchester Castle, the second son of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulême. He was made High Sheriff"
"Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272), second son of John, King of England, was the nominal Count of Poitou (1225–43), Earl of Cornwall (from 1225) and King of Germany (from 1257). He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the Barons' Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners and assisted with the building of the citadel in Ascalon. He was born 5 January 1209 at Winchester Castle, the second son of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulême. He was made High Sheriff"
"personal name Richard (like Dick) and Hob (like Bob) for Robert. Although the English word ""hick"" is of recent vintage, distinctions between urban and rural dwellers are ancient. According to a popular etymology, hick derives from the nickname ""Old Hickory"" for Andrew Jackson, one of the first Presidents of the United States to come from rural hard-scrabble roots. This nickname suggested that Jackson was tough and enduring like an old Hickory tree. Jackson was particularly admired by the residents of remote and mountainous areas of the United States, people who would come to be known as ""hicks."" Another explanation of"
"for himself by joining Philip's expedition against his father. On 4 July 1189, the forces of Richard and Philip defeated Henry's army at . Henry, with John's consent, agreed to name Richard his heir apparent. Two days later Henry II died in , and Richard the Lionheart succeeded him as King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou. Roger of Howden claimed that Henry's corpse bled from the nose in Richard's presence, which was assumed to be a sign that Richard had caused his death. Richard I was officially invested as Duke of Normandy on 20 July 1189"
"until the accession of Queen Elizabeth II almost four centuries later in 1952; subsequent historical references to the earlier queen retroactively refer to her as Elizabeth I. However, Tsar Paul I of Russia, King Umberto I of Italy, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and Pope John Paul I all used the ordinal I (first) during their reigns, while Pope Francis does not. In spoken English, such names are pronounced as ""Elizabeth the First"", ""George the Sixth"" etc. In some countries in Asia, monarchs took or take era names. While era names as such are not used in many monarchies,"
"name had become attached to a legend in the highly fictionalised ""Récits d'un Ménestrel de Reims""; this claimed that, after King Richard of England was arrested and held for ransom in 1192, he was found by the minstrel Blondel, whom he saw from his window, and to whom he sang a verse of a song they both knew. Later versions of the story related that Blondel went from castle to castle, singing a particular song that only he and Richard knew, and that the imprisoned Richard replied with the second verse – thus identifying where he was imprisoned. Then, Blondel"
"rebus gestis Ricardi Primi"" are: Richard of Devizes Richard of Devizes (fl. late 12th century), English chronicler, was a monk of St Swithin's house at Winchester. His birthplace is probably indicated by his surname, Devizes in Wiltshire, but of his life we know nothing. He is credited by Bale with the composition of the ""Annales de Wintonia"", which are edited by Henry Richards Luard in the second volume of the ""Annales Monastici"". If this statement be correct, then the chronicler survived King Richard I of England. In his account of the coronation of Richard the Lionheart in 1189 he was"
"by the continued use of the word in inoffensive contexts, including as both a given name and a surname, in the popular British dessert spotted dick, in the classic novel ""Moby-Dick"", and in the ""Dick and Jane"" series of children's books. Uses such as these have provided a basis for comedy writers to exploit this juxtaposition through double entendre. The word connoted a person of questionable character long before it became a nickname for the penis. For example, in the 1665 satire ""The English Rogue"" by Richard Head, an unsavory character is referred to as a ""dick"": An 1869 slang"