"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of the South African population classified as Black, 9% as White, 9% as Coloured, and 2% as Indian/Asian. Under apartheid, Whites held almost all political power in South Africa, with other races almost completely marginalised from the political process. While the end of apartheid"
"Presidency of Nelson Mandela The presidency of Nelson Mandela began on 10 May 1994, when Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, and former political prisoner, was inaugurated as President of South Africa, and ended on 14 June 1999. He was the first non-white head of state in South African history, as well as the first to take office following the dismantling of the apartheid system and the introduction of multiracial democracy. Mandela was also the oldest head of state in South Africa's history, taking office at the age of seventy-five. The 1994 general election, held on 27 April, was South"
"Presidency of Nelson Mandela The presidency of Nelson Mandela began on 10 May 1994, when Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, and former political prisoner, was inaugurated as President of South Africa, and ended on 14 June 1999. He was the first non-white head of state in South African history, as well as the first to take office following the dismantling of the apartheid system and the introduction of multiracial democracy. Mandela was also the oldest head of state in South Africa's history, taking office at the age of seventy-five. The 1994 general election, held on 27 April, was South"
"Africa's first multi-racial election with full enfranchisement. The African National Congress won 62% of the votes in the election, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated on 10 May 1994 as the country's first black President, with the National Party's F.W. de Klerk as his first deputy and Thabo Mbeki as the second in the Government of National Unity. When Mandela began his term on 10 May 1994, he presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. Mandela encouraged black South Africans to get behind the"
"in ""Invictus"" and other films, ""the America film industry"" has played a significant part in ""the crafting of Mandela's global image"". Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served"
"Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. A Xhosa, Mandela was born to the Thembu"
"seven provinces, with Inkatha and the National Party each taking another. Mandela voted at the Ohlange High School in Durban, and though the ANC's victory assured his election as President, he publicly accepted that the election had been marred by instances of fraud and sabotage. The newly elected National Assembly's first act was to formally elect Mandela as South Africa's first black chief executive. His inauguration took place in Pretoria on 10 May 1994, televised to a billion viewers globally. The event was attended by four thousand guests, including world leaders from a wide range of geographic and ideological backgrounds."
"regard him as its most hated adversary. F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (; born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997. Born in Johannesburg, British Dominion of South Africa, to an influential Afrikaner family, de"
"of the white and Coloured votes and became the official opposition party. As well as deciding the national government, the election decided the provincial governments, and the ANC won in seven of the nine provinces, with the NP winning in the Western Cape and the IFP in KwaZulu-Natal. On 10 May 1994, Mandela was sworn in as South Africa's president. The Government of National Unity was established, its cabinet made up of 12 ANC representatives, six from the NP, and three from the IFP. Thabo Mbeki and de Klerk were made deputy presidents. The anniversary of the elections, 27 April,"
"foregone conclusion that the ANC would not only win the April 1994 general election—the country's first multiracial elections—but do so in a landslide. The only question was whether the ANC would win the two-thirds majority necessary to unilaterally amend the Interim Constitution. In that election, the ANC, as the dominant partner in a tripartite alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions, won a comprehensive victory, winning 62 percent of the vote--just short of a two-thirds majority. The new legislature elected Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa, making him the country's first"
"F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (; born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997. Born in Johannesburg, British Dominion of South Africa, to an influential Afrikaner family, de Klerk studied at Potchefstroom University before pursuing"
"the inauguration of Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first democratically elected president after the end of Apartheid, and his vice-presidents, heralded the beginning of a new era in South Africa's history. Part of Nelson Mandela's inaugural address: ""Today, all of us do, by our presence here, and by our celebrations in other parts of our country and the world, confer glory and hope to newborn liberty. Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud. Our daily deeds as ordinary South Africans must produce an"
"in 1993, and Shabalala recruited three of his sons into the group. The Apartheid system was officially abolished in 1991, and democratic general elections did not commence until 1994. The release of Nelson Mandela after 27 years imprisonment brought a celebratory album release - 1993's ""Liph' Iqiniso"". Mandela (shortly after his release from prison) publicly stated that the members of Ladysmith Black Mambazo were ""South Africa's cultural ambassadors"". At Mandela's request, Ladysmith Black Mambazo accompanied the future President of South Africa to the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony in Oslo, Norway, in 1993. Mambazo sang again at President Mandela's inauguration in"
"Margaret Ballinger Margaret Ballinger (née Hodgson; 1894–1980) was the first President of the Liberal Party of South Africa and a South African Member of Parliament. In 1944, Ballinger was referred to as the ""Queen of the Blacks"" by TIME magazine. At that time she held considerable power in the government of South Africa. Margaret Hodgson was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1894 and moved to South Africa with her family when she was a child. Her father arrived just before the Boer War and ended up fighting against the British. Hodgson (Ballinger) attended the Huguenot College in Wellington before continuing"
"Statue of Nelson Mandela, Cape Town City Hall A Statue of Nelson Mandela was unveiled on 24 July 2018. It was placed on the balcony of Cape Town City Hall overlooking the Grand Parade, Cape Town, South Africa. Nelson Mandela was the first post-apartheid president of South Africa and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 It was placed on exactly the same spot where Nelson Mandela made his first public speech after his release from prison on 11 February 1990. The year was chosen to be part of the celebration of Nelson Mandela’s birthday. He would have been 100"
"was proclaimed on 31 May 1961. Charles Robberts Swart, the last Governor-General, was sworn in as the first State President. The title 'State President' was originally used for the head of state of the Boer Republics, and like them, the holder of the office wore a sash with the Republic's coat of arms. He was elected to a seven-year term by the Parliament of South Africa, and was not eligible for re-election. The National Party decided against having an executive presidency, instead adopting a minimalist approach as a conciliatory gesture to English-speaking whites who were opposed to a republic. As"
"49th National Conference of the African National Congress The 49th National Conference of the ANC (African National Congress) took place from the 17 – 22 December 1994 in Bloemfontein. The conference was opened with an address by Nelson Mandela, who was the newly elected President of South Africa. This was the first National ANC conference in which the party was not in political opposition to the government. During the conference, Mandela was re-elected as ANC president and Jacob Zuma was elected as national chairman. In his opening remarks, Mandela reminded delegates of the journey they had been on to become,"
"Saharawi people towards the struggle of the South African and Namibian people for national independence."""" Shortly after the inauguration of the first South African post-apartheid government in 1994, the former South African President Nelson Mandela, announced a decision by the South African government of its intention to recognise and establish diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic consistent with the earlier decisions of the OAU which South Africa formally joined in 1994. In June 1995, Nelson Mandela promised that links would be established, and this was subsequently confirmed by Foreign Minister Alfred Nzo and South Africa’s OAU ambassador. However,"
"be outvoted on any substantive matter. Thus, the real power remained in white hands—and in practice, in the hands of the National Party, which had a large majority in the white chamber. As Botha was leader of the National Party, the system placed nearly all governing power in his hands. Botha resigned in 1989 and was succeeded by F. W. de Klerk, who oversaw the transition to majority rule in 1994. Under South Africa's first non-racial constitution, adopted in 1994, the head of state (and of government) is known simply as the President. However, since the declaration of the republic"
"freedom, events that happened just prior to his release and the first democratic election. Statue of Nelson Mandela, Cape Town City Hall A Statue of Nelson Mandela was unveiled on 24 July 2018. It was placed on the balcony of Cape Town City Hall overlooking the Grand Parade, Cape Town, South Africa. Nelson Mandela was the first post-apartheid president of South Africa and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 It was placed on exactly the same spot where Nelson Mandela made his first public speech after his release from prison on 11 February 1990. The year was chosen to"
"in Dakar, Senegal; which brought together leaders of the African National Congress and the Afrikaner Broederbond which represented the inner networks of white, apartheid hegemony in South Africa. Thus began the transition to non-racial democracy in South Africa, which was highlighted on 11 February 1990, by the release of Nelson Mandela, and other political prisoners, and on 27 April 1994, with the holding of the first free and fair general election in South Africa for people of all colours. Within two years of the unbanning of the African National Congress and other anti-apartheid movements, and just a year after the"
"1994 in South Africa 1994 in South Africa saw the transition from South Africa's National Party government who had ruled the country since 1948 and had advocated the apartheid system for most of its history, to the African National Congress (ANC) who had been outlawed in South Africa since the 1950s for its opposition to apartheid. The ANC won a majority in the first multiracial election held under universal suffrage. Previously, only white people were allowed to vote. There were some incidents of violence in the Bantustans during the lead up to the elections as some of the leaders of"
"punishing white people."" Despite calls for his dismissal, no action was taken. African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is the Republic of South Africa's governing political party. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level, beginning with the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994 election. Today, the ANC remains the dominant political party in South Africa, winning every election since 1994. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent President of South Africa, has served as leader of the ANC since 18 December 2017. Founded on 8 January 1912 by John Langalibalele Dube in Bloemfontein"
"President Nelson Mandela for the signing into law of the Constitution of South Africa on 10 December 1996. In 1998, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) found that the police actions constituted ""gross human rights violations in that excessive force was unnecessarily used to stop a gathering of unarmed people."" On 21 March 2002, the 42nd anniversary of the massacre, a memorial was opened by former President Nelson Mandela as part of the Sharpeville Human Rights Precinct. UNESCO marks March 21 as the yearly International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the massacre. Sharpeville massacre The"
"South Africa. Once in 1994 shortly after being elected president and again in October 1997. In June 2002 then President Mbeki led a South African delegation to Libya to discuss issues ranging from closer economic integration and bilateral trade to the launch of the African Union in Durban later that year. In 1994 Gaddafi, then still a world pariah, was invited to attend then President Nelson Mandela's swearing in ceremony. Responding to Western critisim of the new ANC government's close relationship with the Gaddafi regime Mandela stated that: It is alleged that the Gaddafi government gave the ANC money for"
"scheduled visit to see president Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia: De Klerk was sworn in as acting state president on 14 August 1989 and the following month was nominated by the electoral college to succeed Botha in a five-year term as state president. Within months of the collapse of the Berlin Wall, De Klerk had announced the removal of legislation against anti-apartheid groups – including the African National Congress – and the release of Nelson Mandela. De Klerk's term saw the dismantling of the apartheid system and negotiations that eventually led to South Africa's first racially-inclusive democratic elections on 27 April"
"Presidency of Thabo Mbeki The Presidency of Thabo Mbeki began on 14 June 1999, when Thabo Mbeki became then second President of South Africa. Mbeki an African National Congress (ANC) member who had previously been the Deputy President of South Africa defeated Democratic Alliance (DA) presidentian, Tony Leon in the South African general election, 1999. Mbeki's running mate Jacob Zuma became the Deputy President that same day. Mbeki's Inauguration was held on 6 June 1999, at the Union Buildings in Pretoria. Mbeki was sworn in as president by Chief Justice of South Africa, Arthur Chasckalon. During his inaugural speech Mbeki"
"After the inauguration of Jacob Zuma as South Africa's president in May 2009, de Klerk said he is optimistic that Zuma and his government can ""confound the prophets of doom"". In a BBC interview broadcast in April 2012, he said he lived in an all-white neighbourhood. He had five servants, three coloured and two black: ""We are one great big family together; we have the best of relationships."" About Nelson Mandela, he said, ""When Mandela goes it will be a moment when all South Africans put away their political differences, will take hands, and will together honour maybe the biggest"
"led the ANC delegation that conducted secret talks with the South African government. These talks led to the unbanning of the ANC and the release of political prisoners. He also participated in many of the other important negotiations between the ANC and the government that eventually led to the democratisation of South Africa. He became a Deputy President of South Africa in May 1994 on the attainment of universal suffrage (Right To Vote), and sole Deputy President in June 1996. He succeeded Nelson Mandela as ANC president in December 1997 and as President of South Africa in June 1999; he"
"Death of Nelson Mandela On 5 December 2013, Nelson Mandela, the first President of South Africa to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, as well as the country's first black head of state, died at the age of 95 after suffering from a prolonged respiratory infection. He died at around 20:50 local time (UTC+2) at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa, surrounded by his family. His death was announced by then President Jacob Zuma. Reactions from governments, international organizations, and notable individuals, gained worldwide media coverage. South Africa observed a national mourning period of 10 days. During"
"May 1994. Beginning in 1948 the party as the governing party of South Africa began implementing its policy of racial segregation, known as apartheid (the Afrikaans term for ""separateness""). Although white-minority rule and racial segregation based on white supremacy were already in existence in South Africa with non-whites not having voting rights and efforts made to encourage segregation, apartheid intensified the segregation with stern penalties for non-whites entering into areas designated for whites-only without having a pass to permit them to do so (known as the pass laws), interracial marriage and sexual relationships were illegal and punishable offences, and blacks"
"said the following: Presidency of Thabo Mbeki The Presidency of Thabo Mbeki began on 14 June 1999, when Thabo Mbeki became then second President of South Africa. Mbeki an African National Congress (ANC) member who had previously been the Deputy President of South Africa defeated Democratic Alliance (DA) presidentian, Tony Leon in the South African general election, 1999. Mbeki's running mate Jacob Zuma became the Deputy President that same day. Mbeki's Inauguration was held on 6 June 1999, at the Union Buildings in Pretoria. Mbeki was sworn in as president by Chief Justice of South Africa, Arthur Chasckalon. During his"
"along with a check for €122,000, by an international jury composed of 11 persons from five continents, led by former United States Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner Henry Kissinger. The prize was first awarded in 1991 to Nelson Mandela, president of the African National Congress, and Frederik Willem de Klerk, president of the Republic of South Africa, and has been awarded each year since, with the exception of 2001 and 2004. Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux (The Old One), was the first President"