"the unrecognized Soviet and Turkish governments. Under the Bolsheviks, Alexandropol was renamed Leninakan in 1924, after the deceased Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin. Shirak became a major industrial region within the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Leninakan was the second-largest city, after the capital Yerevan. However, Shirak, and particularly Leninakan, suffered major damage during the 1988 Armenian earthquake which devastated many parts of northern Armenia. The earthquake occurred along a known thrust fault with a length of . Its strike was parallel to the Caucasus range and dipped to the north-northeast. From 1930 until 1995, modern-day Shirak was divided into 5 raions"
"Saint George. Leninakan became a major industrial centre in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and its second-largest city, after the capital Yerevan. The city suffered major damage during the 1988 Armenian earthquake, which devastated many parts of the country. The earthquake occurred along a known thrust fault with a length of . Its strike was parallel to the Caucasus range and dipped to the north-northeast. Bruce Bolt, a seismologist and a professor of earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley, walked the fault scarp in 1992 and found that the vertical displacement measured along most of the"
"was forced to sign the Treaty of Alexandropol on December 3 to stop the Turkish advance towards Yerevan, however a concurrent Soviet invasion led to the fall of the Armenian government on December 2. The Turkish forces withdrew from Alexandropol after the Treaty of Kars was signed in October 1921 by the unrecognized Soviet and Turkish governments. Being under the Soviet rule, the name of the city was changed in 1924 to Leninakan after the deceased Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin. The city suffered an earthquake in 1926, when many of its significant buildings were destroyed including the Greek church of"
"The Soviets transformed the area into a centre for cotton and silk production, and tens of thousands of people relocated to the city. The population also increased with thousands of Tajiks migrating to Tajikistan following the transfer of Bukhara and Samarkand to the Uzbek SSR as part of national delimitation in Central Asia. On 10 November 1961, Stalinabad was renamed Dushanbe, the name it retains to this day. Severe rioting occurred in February 1990, after it was rumored that the Soviet government planned to relocate tens of thousands of Armenian refugees to Tajikistan. The Dushanbe riots were primarily fueled by"
"Leninakan), Armenia's second largest city, which had been devastated by the earthquake. In 1991 Tjeknavorian announced his intention to go on a pilgrimage walk from Yerevan to Gyumri in order to raise funds for rebuilding efforts. Thousands of people joined him along the way and a huge percentage of the Armenian population donated money for the cause. Fifteen million rubles, worth around 20 million dollars at the time, were collected nationwide. Unfortunately, several months later the Soviet ruble was devalued and Tjeknavorian was compelled to seek additional money from private sources. Tjeknavorian took over the huge communist party headquarters, which"
"Socialist Republic. In 1929 in order to gain a sufficient number of inhabitants for the newly created Soviet Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic) the city of Khujand, inhabited mainly by ethnic Uzbeks, was transferred by Soviet Communists from Uzbek SSR to the Tajik SSR. The city was renamed Leninabad on 10 January 1936 and it remained part of the Soviet Union until 1991. With the independence of Tajikistan, Khujand became the second largest city in the nation.It reverted to its original name in 1992 after the breakup of the Soviet Union. In 1996 the city experienced the Ashurov"
"Gyumri Gyumri (, ), is an urban municipal community and the second largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th century, when the city was known as Alexandropol, it was one of the largest cities of Russian-ruled Eastern Armenia with a population similar to that of Yerevan. It was renamed to Leninakan during the Soviet period. The city's population grew above 200,000 prior to the 1988 Spitak earthquake, when it was devastated. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of"
"of Terijoki (renamed Zelenogorsk in 1948). Leningrad and many of its suburbs were rebuilt over the post-war decades, partially according to pre-war plans. The 1948 general plan for Leningrad featured radial urban development in the north as well as in the south. In 1953 Pavlovsky District in Leningrad Oblast was abolished, and parts of its territory, including Pavlovsk, merged with Leningrad. In 1954 the settlements Levashovo, Pargolovo and Pesochny merged with Leningrad. Leningrad gave its name to the Leningrad Affair (1949–1952), a notable event in the postwar political struggle in the USSR. It was a product of rivalry between Stalin's"
"along a waterway. After Stalin's death in March 1953, Stalinabad, was renamed to ""Dushanbe"" on 10 November 1961 as part of the De-Stalinization program. In February 1990, tensions between the Tajiks and Armenians squared off in the republic's capital Dushanbe. 26 people died and 565 more were injured and the Soviet troops put down the riots. Both Yaqub Salimov, the Interior Minister and the youth activists were convicted for the participation in the riots. Later on 24 August 1990, Tajik SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. By 1991, Tajikistan participated in a referendum in March as part of the"
"Leninsky, Sakha Republic Leninsky (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Aldan, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,866. It was founded in 1926 as a gold-mining base and was known as Nizhne-Stalinsk () until 1962. The name referred to Joseph Stalin, with the ""Nizhne-"" part meaning ""lower"", to differentiate it from the now disappeared settlements of Sredne-Stalinsk and Verkhne-Stalinsk further upstream. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1932. Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement"
"from the Belarusian and Leningrad military districts and its name was changed to Leningradskaya. Leningradskaya (rural locality) Leningradskaya () is a rural locality (a ""stanitsa"") and the administrative center of Leningradsky District in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Population: Founded in 1794 as Umanskoye (), it was one of the first forty settlements by the Black Sea Cossacks in the Kuban region. It became a ""stanitsa"" in 1842. Umanskoye survived the fall of 1932 and the winter of 1933, when hundreds of residents starved to death. In 1934, all the surviving population (1,200 families) was evicted in the northern regions of the"
"Leningradskaya (rural locality) Leningradskaya () is a rural locality (a ""stanitsa"") and the administrative center of Leningradsky District in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Population: Founded in 1794 as Umanskoye (), it was one of the first forty settlements by the Black Sea Cossacks in the Kuban region. It became a ""stanitsa"" in 1842. Umanskoye survived the fall of 1932 and the winter of 1933, when hundreds of residents starved to death. In 1934, all the surviving population (1,200 families) was evicted in the northern regions of the Soviet Union and to Kazakhstan. In their stead, the ""stanitsa"" was repopulated by families"
"Leningradsky, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Leningradsky () is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Iultinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, about west of Mys Shmidta. Population: The settlement was founded in order to provide accommodation for the workers and administrators of the nearby gold mines. When it was decided that the mines were no longer economically viable, the settlement was slated to be officially liquidated in 1998, a few years after it was decided to liquidate the neighbouring settlement of Polyarny, another settlement established purely to exploit the mineral wealth of the area. Once the mines were declared unprofitable"
"grow fast after the nearby city of Andijan and Tashkent were connected with a railway line. At the turn of the 20th century, Assake had a population of only 2,000 people. In 1924, Assake was renamed Zelensk, after a local official. In 1937, it was granted town status and again renamed, this time Leninsk, after Vladimir Lenin. The city underwent rapid industrialization during the Soviet era. In 1946, a large electric motor plant was built in Asaka. In the 1960s, the city specialized in processing agricultural goods. The city's original name was restored in a slightly modified form (Asake) after"
"Baikonur Baikonur (; ), formerly known as Leninsk (also, see Tyuratam), is a city of republic significance in Kazakhstan on the Northern bank of the Syr Darya river, rented and administered by the Russian Federation. It was constructed to service the Baikonur Cosmodrome and was officially renamed Baikonur by Russian president Boris Yeltsin on December 20, 1995. During the Soviet period, it was sometimes referred to as звездоград (Zvezdograd), Russian for Star City. In 2009, the population of Baikonur was while in 1999, it was The rented area is an ellipse measuring east to west by north to south, with"
"to Dzhebariki-Khaya, began in 2009. A small airport in Eldikan is no longer in regular use. Eldikan Eldikan (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Aldan River, northeast of Ust-Maya, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,515. It was established in 1941 as a river port, as a base for the developing gold mining activities on the Yudoma and Allakh-Yun Rivers. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1948, when it became the administrative"
"from their childhood. People in urban Saint Petersburg mostly live in apartment blocks. Between 1918 and 1990s, the Soviets nationalised housing and many were forced to share their apartments as communal apartments (""kommunalkas"") with other residents of the city. In the 1930s some 68 percent of the Leningrad population lived in shared apartments. Leningrad was the largest city of the Soviet Union by the number of ""kommunalkas"". As new boroughs were built on the outskirts in the 1950s-1980s, over half a million low-income families eventually received free apartments, and additional hundred thousand condos were purchased by the middle class. Today,"
"by the Soviet Union. Urban planning began in the 1950s, and most of the city today is the result of construction between 1960 and 1985. The Transmongolian Railway, connecting Ulaanbaatar with Moscow and Beijing, was completed in 1956 and cinemas, theaters, museums etc. were erected. On the other hand, most of the temples and monasteries of pre-socialist Khüree were destroyed following the anti-religious purges of the late 1930s. The Gandan monastery was reopened in 1944 when the U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace asked to see a monastery during his visit to Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar was the site of demonstrations that led"
"Leningrad City Chess Championship The Leningrad City Chess Championship is a chess tournament held officially in the city of Leningrad, Russia starting from 1920. The city was called Petrograd from 1914 to 1924, then Leningrad until 1991, and Saint Petersburg afterwards. Only players born or living in or around the city were allowed to participate in this event. The championship continued to be played, in spite of tremendous difficulties, also during the Siege of Leningrad in the Second World War, though the tournament of 1941 could not be finished and that of 1942, the most difficult year of the blockade,"
"Indonesian president Sukarno. The city also provided a scenic backdrop to popular movies. In 1960, the ten-year-old city already had 31,000 residents who celebrated its anniversary. On November 26, 1961 the city's name was changed to ""Dunaújváros"" (Duna|új|város meaning ""Danube-new-city""; ""New City upon Danube"". See also Tiszaújváros) as a consequence of Stalin's death (1953) and the Hungarian Revolution (1956). In 1990 it became a city with county rights—as one of the then four, (now five) cities in the country that have this status but are not county capitals—in accordance with a new law that granted this status to all cities"
"was officially created on 5 December 1929, incorporating the Gorno-Badakshan Autonomous Oblast. The Tajiks continued to push for a rectification of what they saw as an unfair delimitation. Shorn of any major cities, the Tajik SSR was to be governed from the small town of Dushanbe, later renamed Stalinabad. The boundary became an international frontier in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the independence of its constituent republics. Tensions since then have been high, with several high-level Tajik politicians asserting the traditional claim to Bukhara and Samarkand, and Uzbek politicians asserting their right to protect Uzbeks living"
"ger districts were replaced by Soviet-style blocks of flats, often financed by the Soviet Union. Urban planning began in the 1950s, and most of the city today is the result of construction from 1960 to 1985. The Transmongolian Railway, connecting Ulaanbaatar with Moscow and Beijing, was completed in 1956, and cinemas, theaters, museums etc. were erected. On the other hand, most of the temples and monasteries of pre-socialist Khüree were destroyed following the anti-religious purges of the late 1930s. The Gandan monastery was reopened in 1944 when US Vice President Henry Wallace asked to see a monastery during his visit"
"However, survivors subsequently returned and rebuilt it. At the end of the 14th century it was destroyed by Timur, who later rebuilt it, but the city was abandoned. Its ruins are now known as Ören-kala and lie near Kabirli village, a 22 km drive from the modern city of Beylagan. Beylagan (city) Beylagan (, ""Бейләган""/بیلقان; also Beyläqan, Bejlagan, and Beilagan) is the capital city of Beylagan rayon of Azerbaijan. During the Soviet era, it was renamed Zhdanov (Жданов, also Jdanov, Zhdanov, Ždanovsk, and Zhdanovsk) after Stalinist politician Andrei Zhdanov. This move was reverted in 1991 when the city assumed its"
"1978. With the cessation of mining activities in the 1990s, its population has decreased dramatically. Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Yugoryonok is incorporated within Ust-Maysky District as the Settlement of Yugoryonok. As a municipal division, the Settlement of Yugoryonok is incorporated within Ust-Maysky Municipal District as Yugoryonok Urban Settlement. Yugoryonok is located at the end of a road linking it with Eldikan on the Aldan River and the other gold-mining settlements in the area (now mostly abandoned). Yugoryonok was previously served by a small airport, which closed in the 1990s. Yugoryonok Yugoryonok () is an"
"often informally called ""Sobchak's constitution"", although its real authors have been somewhat less known. In April 1990, Sobchak was elected a deputy of the Leningrad City Council, and in May he became the chairman of the Council. From the beginning his leadership was marked by a strongly authoritarian bent. The Council decided to change the structure of the city governance so as to have a Mayor elected by direct elections. The first of such elections in June 1991 were combined with the referendum on the city name. Sobchak won the elections, and the city voted to return to its historical"
"Khujand Khujand (; ; ), sometimes spelled Khodjent and known as Leninabad (; ) in 1936–1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of the northernmost province of Tajikistan, now called Sughd. Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years. It is situated on the Syr Darya at the mouth of the Fergana Valley and was a major city along the ancient Silk Road, mainly inhabited by ethnic Tajiks. It is proximate to both the Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan borders. Khujand is the site of Cyropolis () which was established when king"
"Eldikan Eldikan (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Aldan River, northeast of Ust-Maya, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,515. It was established in 1941 as a river port, as a base for the developing gold mining activities on the Yudoma and Allakh-Yun Rivers. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1948, when it became the administrative center of Allakh-Yunsky District. It lost this role again in 1953 with the merger of the"
"the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded Leningrad as a Hero City the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal ""for the heroic resistance of the city and tenacity of the survivors of the Siege"". The Hero-City Obelisk bearing the Gold Star sign was installed in April 1985. In October 1946 some territories along the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, which had passed to the USSR from Finland in 1940 under the peace treaty following the Winter War, were transferred from Leningrad Oblast to Leningrad and divided into Sestroretsky District and Kurortny District. These included the town"
"could not be organized. The winners include World champions Mikhail Botvinnik (1931 and 1932), Boris Spassky (1959 and 1961) and FIDE World Champion Alexander Khalifman (1996 and 1997). Leningrad City Chess Championship The Leningrad City Chess Championship is a chess tournament held officially in the city of Leningrad, Russia starting from 1920. The city was called Petrograd from 1914 to 1924, then Leningrad until 1991, and Saint Petersburg afterwards. Only players born or living in or around the city were allowed to participate in this event. The championship continued to be played, in spite of tremendous difficulties, also during the"
"December 2016."" Leningradka Saint Petersburg Leningradka ("""") is a Russian women's volleyball club based in Saint Petersburg and plays in the Super League, the top Russian league. Founded in 1935 as the women's volleyball department of the ""DSO Spartak"" section based in Leningrad, the club made its debut in the USSR Championship in 1939 and played a total of 43 seasons in the USSR Championship until the tournament folded in 1991. The club changed its name in 1978 to ""Tallinn Technology University (TTU) Leningrad"". During the Soviet period, the club won the USSR Cup twice (1976, 1977) and reached the"
"Su-206-56. Lebyazhye, Lomonosovsky District, Leningrad Oblast Lebyazhye (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Lomonosovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland west of Lomonosov and east of Sosnovy Bor. Population: It was first mentioned in 1500 under the Swedish rule as Karkila. The area was conquered by Peter the Great in the early 18th century and was given by the Tsar to Boris Sheremetev. The Sheremetev family built a manor house here in the 18th century. After the Sheremetevs, the estate was known as Lebyazhye, apparently from — swan."
"In the 1890s-1900s, the highway was gradually urbanized, with factories and residential quarters, ranging from working-class barracks to luxury country homes of the Morozov family, Nikolay Eichenwald and Fyodor Schechtel. The Sokol Settlement of single-family homes, built in early 1920s near the junction of Petersburg and Volokolamsk highway, remains one of the last two single-family neighborhoods in Moscow (the other one is Serebryany Bor). Since the 1910s, Khodynka has been used as Moscow's airfield, and housed Moscow's Central Airport until the 1950s; irregular DOSAAF flights continued until the 1980s. Leningradsky Highway (beyond city limits) is now home to Sheremetyevo Airport,"
"and invasion. On 12 March 1918, the Soviets transferred the government to Moscow, to keep it away from the state border. During the ensuing Civil War, in 1919 general Yudenich advancing from Estonia repeated the attempt to capture the city, but Leon Trotsky mobilized the army and forced him to retreat. On 26 January 1924, five days after Lenin's death, Petrograd was renamed ""Leningrad"". Later some streets and other toponyms were renamed accordingly. The city has over 230 places associated with the life and activities of Lenin. Some of them were turned into museums, including the cruiser ""Aurora"" – a"