"38 (or 39) languages for which translations of """"The Hobbit"" and/or ""The Lord of the Rings"""" exist: For some of these languages, there is a translation of ""The Hobbit"", but not of ""The Lord of the Rings"". For some languages, there is more than one translation of ""The Lord of the Rings"". These notably include Russian, besides Swedish, Norwegian, German, Polish and Slovenian. In addition to languages mentioned above, there are published translations of the Hobbit into Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Belarusian, Esperanto, Faroese, Georgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, and Persian. Comparatively few translations appeared during Tolkien's lifetime: when Tolkien died on"
"and appendices for ""The Lord of the Rings"", during which time he received the constant support of the Inklings, in particular his closest friend C. S. Lewis, the author of ""The Chronicles of Narnia"". Both ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"" are set against the background of ""The Silmarillion"", but in a time long after it. Tolkien at first intended ""The Lord of the Rings"" to be a children's tale in the style of ""The Hobbit"", but it quickly grew darker and more serious in the writing. Though a direct sequel to ""The Hobbit"", it addressed an older"
"The Two Towers The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's high fantasy novel ""The Lord of the Rings"". It is preceded by ""The Fellowship of the Ring"" and followed by ""The Return of the King"". ""The Lord of the Rings"" is composed of six ""books"", aside from an introduction, a prologue and six appendices. The novel was originally published as three separate volumes due to post-World War II paper shortages and size and price considerations. ""The Two Towers"" covers Books III and IV. Tolkien wrote, """"The Two Towers"" gets as near as possible to finding"
"Towers Mud"" and graphically oriented console games. The Two Towers The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's high fantasy novel ""The Lord of the Rings"". It is preceded by ""The Fellowship of the Ring"" and followed by ""The Return of the King"". ""The Lord of the Rings"" is composed of six ""books"", aside from an introduction, a prologue and six appendices. The novel was originally published as three separate volumes due to post-World War II paper shortages and size and price considerations. ""The Two Towers"" covers Books III and IV. Tolkien wrote, """"The Two Towers"""
"instead asked Tolkien to write a sequel to ""The Hobbit"". Tolkien began to revise ""The Silmarillion"", but soon turned to the sequel, which became ""The Lord of the Rings"". Writing ""The Lord of the Rings"" during the 1940s, Tolkien was attempting to address the dilemma of creating a narrative consistent with a ""sequel"" of the published ""The Hobbit"" and a desire to present a more comprehensive view of its background. He renewed work on ""The Silmarillion"" after completing ""The Lord of the Rings"", and he greatly desired to publish the two works together. When it became clear that would not"
"""The Hobbit"" was conceived, published, and received independently of the later work, and to avoid dashing readers' expectations of tone and style. While ""The Hobbit"" has been adapted and elaborated upon in many ways, its sequel ""The Lord of the Rings"" is often claimed to be its greatest legacy. The plots share the same basic structure progressing in the same sequence: the stories begin at Bag End, the home of Bilbo Baggins; Bilbo hosts a party that sets the novel's main plot into motion; Gandalf sends the protagonist into a quest eastward; Elrond offers a haven and advice; the adventurers"
"The Return of the King The Return of the King is the third and final volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"", following ""The Fellowship of the Ring"" and ""The Two Towers"". The story begins in the kingdom of Gondor, which is soon to be attacked by the Dark Lord Sauron. Tolkien conceived of ""The Lord of the Rings"" as a single volume comprising six ""books"" plus extensive appendices. The original publisher split the work into three volumes, publishing the fifth and sixth books with the appendices into the final volume with the title ""The Return"
"The Fellowship of the Ring The Fellowship of the Ring is the first of three volumes of the epic novel ""The Lord of the Rings"" by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It is followed by ""The Two Towers"" and ""The Return of the King"". It takes place in the fictional universe of Middle-earth. It was originally published on 29 July 1954 in the United Kingdom. The volume consists of a foreword, in which the author discusses his writing of ""The Lord of the Rings"", a prologue titled ""Concerning Hobbits, and other matters"", and the main narrative in Book"
"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson and based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's novel ""The Lord of the Rings"". It is the second instalment in ""The Lord of the Rings"" film series, preceded by """" (2001) and concluding with """" (2003). Continuing the plot of ""The Fellowship of the Ring"", the film intercuts three storylines. Frodo and Sam continue their journey towards Mordor to destroy the One Ring, meeting and joined by Gollum, the ring's"
"J. R. R. Tolkien's influences While highly creative, the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien was influenced by a number of sources. Tolkien was inspired by his academic fields of philology and early Germanic literature, especially poetry and mythology, as well as a wide range of other beliefs, culture, and experiences. ""The Lord of the Rings"" is a sequel to ""The Hobbit"" and so shares influences with it. At the same time, it is a novel which is much greater in scale and scope and so encompasses many other influences as well. Tolkien once described ""The Lord of the Rings"""
"a sequel to J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"". The publisher Doubleday showed an interest in his work and tried to obtain authorization from Tolkien's estate but was denied. Doubleday then asked McKiernan to rewrite his story, placing the characters in a different fictitious world, and also to write a prequel supporting it. The prequel, of necessity, resembles ""The Lord of the Rings""; the decision of Doubleday to issue the work as a trilogy increased that resemblance; and some critics have seen McKiernan as simply imitating Tolkien's epic work. McKiernan has subsequently developed stories in the series"
"praised ""The Return of the King"" and found ""The Lord of the Rings"" a ""masterpiece of the genre"". Anthony Boucher praised the volume as ""a masterly narration of tremendous and terrible climactic events"", although he also noted that Tolkien's prose ""seems sometimes to be protracted for its own sake"". The Return of the King The Return of the King is the third and final volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"", following ""The Fellowship of the Ring"" and ""The Two Towers"". The story begins in the kingdom of Gondor, which is soon to be attacked by"
"Hobbit"". Tolkien began to revise ""The Silmarillion"", but soon turned to the sequel, which became ""The Lord of the Rings"". He renewed work on ""The Silmarillion"" after completing ""The Lord of the Rings"", and he greatly desired to publish the two works together. But when it became clear that would not be possible, Tolkien turned his full attention to preparing ""The Lord of the Rings"" for publication. In the late 1950s Tolkien returned to ""The Silmarillion"", but much of his writing from this time was concerned more with the theological and philosophical underpinnings of the work than with the narratives"
"The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien's writing of ""The Lord of the Rings"". The ""History"" is also numbered as volumes six to nine of ""The History of Middle-earth"" (""HoME"", as below). Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume twelve, ""The Peoples of Middle-earth"". The volumes include: The first volume of ""The History"" encompasses three initial stages of composition"
"""The Lord of the Rings"". The latter two works are by notable Christians, C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, respectively. In the first chronological book of ""The Chronicles of Narnia"", ""The Magician's Nephew"", Lewis specifically explains that magic is a power available on other worlds, not on Earth. The Empress Jadis (later, the White Witch) was tempted to use magic for selfish reasons to retain control of her world Charn, which ultimately lead to the destruction of life there. From 15th to 19th century, many Hermeticists combined Christianity with occult practices (mostly alchemy). Another notable example of syncretism"
"I and Book II. Tolkien envisioned ""The Lord of the Rings"" as a single volume work divided into six sections he called ""books"" along with extensive appendices. The original publisher made the decision to split the work into three parts. It was also the publisher's decision to place the fifth and sixth books and the appendices into one volume under the title ""The Return of the King"", in reference to Aragorn's assumption of the throne of Gondor. Tolkien indicated he would have preferred ""The War of the Ring"" as a title, as it gave away less of the story. Before"
"Lord of the Rings"", and ""The Silmarillion"". A recurrent theme throughout ""The Road to Middle-earth"" is that of Tolkien's detailed linguistic studies (particularly of Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon Old English) and the creation of languages (such as Sindarin and Khuzdul) which feature prominently throughout his works. This was informed by Shippey's tenure at the University of Oxford, teaching the same syllabus as Tolkien at a time when Tolkien still spent time there. The second edition included discussion of the 12-volume History of Middle-earth which was compiled and edited by Tolkien's son Christopher Tolkien as a companion piece to the works"
"The Ring of Solomon The Ring of Solomon is a children's novel of alternate history, fantasy and magic reminiscent of the Harry Potter series, but much darker in tone. It is a prequel to the ""Bartimaeus"" trilogy, written by British author Jonathan Stroud. The first edition (paperback) was published in Oct. 2010 by Doubleday in UK. The book follows the early adventures of Bartimaeus in service to King Solomon. The story is set in a fantasy version of ancient Jerusalem, during the reign of biblical King Solomon, about 950BCE. The story opens in Jerusalem with the djinni Bartimaeus currently in"
"The Silmarillion The Silmarillion is a collection of mythopoeic works by English writer J. R. R. Tolkien, edited and published posthumously by his son, Christopher Tolkien, in 1977, with assistance from Guy Gavriel Kay. ""The Silmarillion"", along with J. R. R. Tolkien's other works, forms an extensive, though incomplete, narrative that describes the universe of Eä in which are found the lands of Valinor, Beleriand, Númenor, and Middle-earth, within which ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"" take place. After the success of ""The Hobbit"", Tolkien's publisher requested a sequel. Tolkien sent them an early draft of ""The Silmarillion"""
"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1954–1955). It is the first instalment in ""The Lord of the Rings series"", and was followed by """" (2002) and """" (2003), based on the second and third volumes of ""The Lord of the Rings"". Set in Middle-earth, the story tells of the Dark Lord Sauron (Sala Baker), who is seeking the One Ring."
"Red Book of Westmarch The Red Book of Westmarch (sometimes Red Book of the Periannath, and The Downfall of the Lord of the Rings, also known as the Thain's Book after its principal version) is a fictional manuscript written by hobbits, a conceit of author J. R. R. Tolkien to explain the source of his fantasy writings. It is a collection of writings in which the events of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"" were recounted by their characters, and from which Tolkien supposedly derived these and other works. The name of the book comes from its red"
"Picture for Drama and Best Director), five BAFTAs, two MTV Movie Awards, two Grammy Awards, nine Saturn Awards, the New York Film Critics Circle award for Best Picture, the Nebula Award for Best Script, and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film co-produced, co-written, and directed by Peter Jackson based on the second and third volumes of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"". It is the third and"
"The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion (2005) is a nonfiction book written by scholars Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull. It is an annotated reference to J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"". Hammond and Scull proceed chapter-by-chapter from the original foreword through to the end of ""The Lord of the Rings"". Appendices, examining the evolution of the text, changes, inconsistencies, and errors, often using comments from Tolkien's own notes and letters. Other sections cover the numerous maps of Middle-earth, chronologies of the story and its writing, and"
"he goes. Fate eventually catches up with him when he unwittingly kills his own brother, who in turn mortally wounds him. Similarly, Turin accidentally kills his friend Beleg with his sword. J. R. R. Tolkien's influences While highly creative, the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien was influenced by a number of sources. Tolkien was inspired by his academic fields of philology and early Germanic literature, especially poetry and mythology, as well as a wide range of other beliefs, culture, and experiences. ""The Lord of the Rings"" is a sequel to ""The Hobbit"" and so shares influences with it. At"
"""The Lord of the Rings"". J. R. R. Tolkien conceived the latter as a single volume comprising six ""books"" plus extensive appendices, but the original publisher split the work into three, publishing two books per volume with the appendices included in the third. The titles proposed by Tolkien for the six books were: Book I, ""The First Journey"" or ""The Ring Sets Out""; Book II, ""The Journey of the Nine Companions"" or ""The Ring Goes South""; Book III, ""The Treason of Isengard""; Book IV, ""The Journey of the Ring-Bearers"" or ""The Ring Goes East""; Book V, ""The War of the"
"but to the modern mystique of 'scholarly research'. Red Book of Westmarch The Red Book of Westmarch (sometimes Red Book of the Periannath, and The Downfall of the Lord of the Rings, also known as the Thain's Book after its principal version) is a fictional manuscript written by hobbits, a conceit of author J. R. R. Tolkien to explain the source of his fantasy writings. It is a collection of writings in which the events of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"" were recounted by their characters, and from which Tolkien supposedly derived these and other works. The"
"One Ring The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1954–55). It is described in an earlier story, ""The Hobbit"" (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, ""The Lord of the Rings"", Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win dominion over Middle-earth. ""The Lord of the Rings"" concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from"
"of the Society of Authors, opined that despite it being non-commercial, the book still constitutes a copyright infringement. Tolkien's copyright lasts until 2043 . The Last Ringbearer The Last Ringbearer () is a 1999 fantasy book by Russian author Kirill Eskov. It is an alternative account of, and an informal sequel to, the events of J.R.R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"". The novel is based on the premise that the Tolkien account is a ""history written by the victors"". In Eskov's version of the story, Mordor is described as a peaceful country on the verge of an industrial revolution,"
"J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers is a video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of ""The Two Towers"" by J.R.R. Tolkien, being the second volume in ""The Lord of the Rings"". The game was released in 1992 for DOS, PC-98, and FM Towns. It is a sequel to ""J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I"". The gameplay is similar to that of the first game. The game is an RPG wherein the player controls multiple characters"
"in Russian copyright law). Dennis L. McKiernan's Silver Call duology was intended to be a direct sequel to ""The Lord of the Rings"" but had to be altered. The ""Iron Tower"" trilogy, highly influenced by Tolkien's books, was then written as backstory. Throughout the next two decades, the term ""fantasy"" became synonymous with the general aspects of Tolkien's work: multiple races including dwarves and elves, a quest to destroy a magical artifact, and an evil that seeks to control the world. The plot of Novelist Pat Murphy's ""There and Back Again"" intentionally mirrors that of ""The Hobbit"", but is transposed"
"sending them to their deaths in the sea. ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"" are presented as Tolkien's retelling of events depicted in the Red Book of Westmarch, which was written by Bilbo Baggins, Frodo Baggins, and other Hobbits, and corrected and annotated by one or more Gondorian scholars. Tolkien wrote extensively about the linguistics, mythology and history of the world, which provide back-story for these stories. Many of these writings were edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher. Among them is ""The Silmarillion"", which provides a creation story and description of the cosmology that includes Middle-earth."
"Ring"" was the working title of ""Book 5"" of 'The Lord of the Rings' (the first half of the eventual third volume). J. R. R. Tolkien wanted to use this as the overall title for the third volume of ""The Lord of the Rings"", feeling that the title ""The Return of the King"" gave away too much of the plot. War of the Ring In the fictional high fantasy-world of J. R. R. Tolkien, the War of the Ring was fought between Sauron and the free peoples of Middle-earth for control of the One Ring and dominion over the continent."
"Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings ""The Lord of the Rings"", an epic high fantasy novel by the British author J. R. R. Tolkien, set in his fictional world of Middle-earth, has been adapted several times. Three film adaptations of ""The Lord of the Rings"" have been made. The first was ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi, the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story. The second, ""The Return of the King"" (1980), was a television special by Rankin-Bass. The third was director Peter Jackson's ""The Lord"