"Terracotta Army The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. It is a form of funerary art buried with the emperor in 210–209 BCE with the purpose of protecting the emperor in his afterlife. The figures, dating from approximately the late third century BCE, were discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Lintong District, Xi'an, People's Republic of China, Shaanxi province. The figures vary in height according to their roles, with the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots and horses. Estimates from 2007 were"
"1974 by farmers digging a water well approximately east of the Qin Emperor's tomb mound at Mount Li (Lishan), a region riddled with underground springs and watercourses. For centuries, occasional reports mentioned pieces of terracotta figures and fragments of the Qin necropolis roofing tiles, bricks and chunks of masonry. This discovery prompted Chinese archaeologists, including Zhao Kangmin, to investigate, revealing the largest pottery figurine group ever found. A museum complex has since been constructed over the area, the largest pit being enclosed by a roofed structure. The Terracotta Army is part of a much larger necropolis. Ground-penetrating radar and core"
"In 2017 Li Jian was curator of the ""Terracotta Army: Legacy of the First Emperor of China"", the Qin Dynasty terracotta soldiers exhibition at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. The VMFA's director, Alex Neryges, stated that the Terracotta Army was the biggest archaeological discovery of all time calling the Qin Shi Huang dynasty “one of the most amazing civilizations in the history of our planet.” Discovered in 1974, the realistic terracotta portraits of the soldiers were uncovered by a farmer digging a well near the early capital city of China, Xianyang. Neryges reported record-breaking attendance at the VMFA for"
"complex structure, half excavated out of an existing bungalow and half cheaply built construction using materials such as chicken wire fencing. Terracotta Army figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers in Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Chinese: 秦始皇陵; pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng Ling). In 1978, electrical workers in Mexico City found the remains of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in the middle of the city. Clothing styles during the 1970s were influenced by outfits seen in popular music groups and in Hollywood films. In clothing, prints,"
"about New fourth Army: New Fourth Army, full name 'China National Revolutionary Army Army New Fourth Army'(Chinese:中国国民革命军陆军新编第四军），is a people's army in the leadership of Communist Party of China for anti-Japanese War. It was established in KMT-CPC cooperation situation, by the Eighth Route Army gurrillas in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang, Anhui in 12, October in 1937. There is a special heritage in the New Fourth Army Memorial Hall—A bicycle. The owner of the bike, an 87-year-old female soldier named Li Chunhua, is still alive and she took a visit to her old comrade, the bike, after 24 years"
"Xiang Army The Xiang Army or Hunan Army () was a standing army organized by Zeng Guofan from existing regional and village militia forces called ""tuanlian"" to contain the Taiping Rebellion in Qing China (1850 to 1864). The name is taken from the Hunan region where the Army was raised. The Army was financed through local nobles and gentry, as opposed to through the centralized Manchu-led Qing dynasty. The army was mostly disbanded by Zeng after the re-capture of the Taiping capital at Nanking. Although it was raised specifically to address problems in Hunan, the Army formed the core of"
"and anti-government movement. When the Xinhai Revolution (Chinese Revolution) began in 1911, former comrades of Xiang Army turned against each other. The Republic of China was established on February 12, 1912. Xiang Army The Xiang Army or Hunan Army () was a standing army organized by Zeng Guofan from existing regional and village militia forces called ""tuanlian"" to contain the Taiping Rebellion in Qing China (1850 to 1864). The name is taken from the Hunan region where the Army was raised. The Army was financed through local nobles and gentry, as opposed to through the centralized Manchu-led Qing dynasty. The"
"Guominjun The Guominjun (), a.k.a. Nationalist Army, KMC, also called the Northwest Army (西北軍) or People's Army, refers to the military faction founded by Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue during China's Warlord Era. It was formed when Feng betrayed the Zhili clique during the Second Zhili-Fengtian War with the Fengtian clique in 1924. The Guominjun occupied Beijing, captured Zhili leader Cao Kun and expelled former Qing Dynasty emperor Puyi from the Forbidden City. The Guominjun was very sympathetic to Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang regime in Guangzhou, but due to geographic isolation they were independent of one another. The Guominjun"
"Northeastern Army The Northeastern Army (), was the Chinese army of the Fengtien clique until the unification of China in 1928. From 1931 to 1933 it faced the Japanese forces in Manchuria, Jehol and Hebei, in the early years of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Zhang Xueliang commanded this army after the assassination of his father. Prior to the Mukden Incident it possessed 12 infantry brigades and 3 cavalry brigades (estimated at 179,505 troops) in Manchuria, in addition to 12 infantry brigades, 2 cavalry brigades and 3 artillery brigades stationed in northern China.[1] This Chinese army was badly underarmed after the"
"74th Group Army The People's Liberation Army Ground Force 74th Group Army, formerly the 42nd Group Army, is a group army - a corps-sized military formation - of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, active since the late 1940s. It was part of the Guangzhou Military Region. During the Korean War, the Army was part of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) or Chinese Communist Forces (CCF)) XIII Army Group. It was composed of the 124th, 125th, and 126th Divisions. During the Korean War, the 42nd Army was commanded by Lieutenant General Wu Ruilin. Major CPV forces did not"
"airlifted to Beijing to enforce martial law and suppress the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Dennis Blasko wrote in 2013 that during the force reductions which began in 2003, the 138th and 199th Brigades, along with the 8th Artillery Brigade, were created from former divisions. The 83rd Division has also been associated with this army in public reporting in the last few years. In 2013 Dennis Blasko estimated the army comprises the: 80th Group Army The 80th Group Army, formerly the 26th Group Army, is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army, seemingly originally formed in 1949. During the"
"79th Group Army The 79th Group Army, formerly the 39th Group Army, is a military formation of roughly corps strength, of the People's Liberation Army of China. It is part of the Northern Theater Command (and previously the Shenyang Military Region). The 79th Group Army has more main battle tanks than any other group armies in China, as it was expected to counter the threat of Soviet armor in the Far East. Along with 38th Army stationed near Beijing, this unit is given the best equipment and training available. The army was a military formation of the People's Volunteer Army"
"Yellow Turban Army The Yellow Turban Army, also known as the Yellow Turban Bandits (After the publishing of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms), is a peasant army led by the late Eastern Han Dynasty peasant leader Zhang Jue from Julu Commandery, which openly rebelled against the central government in 184, the year of the Jiazi in the Sexagenary cycle. The Yellow Turban Rebellion became one of the biggest rebellions in Chinese history, but because it was quelled within a year by the Eastern Han government, Chinese historiography has always placed it as the progenitor of the Three Kingdoms Era."
"a Terracotta Army to guard his tomb in the city of Xi'an (西安), as well as a realignment of the Great Wall of China to strengthen his empire against insurrection, invasion and incursion. Sun Tzu's ""The Art of War"" remains one of China's Seven Military Classics, even though it is two thousand years old. Since no political figure could exist without an army, measures were taken to ensure only the most capable leaders could control the armies. Civil bureaucracies (士大夫) arose to control the productive power of the states, and their military power. The Spartan Army was one of the"
"73rd Group Army The 73rd Group Army, formerly 31st group army, (Military Unit Cover Designator 73111) is a military formation of China's People's Liberation Army and one of three active group armies belonging to the Nanjing Military Region. It is active since 1949. It is based at Xiamen, Fujian and is composed of the 86th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China) and the 91st Motorized Infantry Division, along with an armored brigade, an air defense brigade, a surface-to-air missile regiment, an artillery regiment, and an engineer regiment. It is considered a Category A unit, with priority status in terms"
"Terracotta Army unearthed in 1973 in an eastern suburb of Xi'an. The Liye bamboo slip documents and archives fully embody a wide range of document types and terms, the grown of constant administrative and judicial document styles. Among them are more than 68 types of archives and content, which have high value of supplementing and testifying history facts. Some in the academic circles have argued that its importance is no less than those of Oracle bone script and Dunhuang manuscripts. The world's oldest example of a multiplication table was found here. The slips, used for writing in ancient times, have"
"the new Qing military establishment, and as such, forever weakened the Manchu influence within the military. This devolution of centralized command is commonly pointed to as a major reason for the eventual downfall of the Qing and the emergence of regional warlordism in China during the first half of the twentieth century. The Xiang Army was one of two armies known as the Hunan Army. Another Hunan Army, called the Chu Army, was created by former Xiang commander Zuo Zongtang to fight in the Dungan Revolt (1862–77). Remnants of the Xiang Army which also fought in the war were then"
"72nd Group Army The 72nd Group Army, formerly 1st Group Army (Military Unit Cover Designator 73011), is a military formation of China's People's Liberation Army. It is one of three active group armies belonging to the Eastern Theater Command. The army is based at Huzhou, Zhejiang and is composed of the 1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, an armored division, an artillery division, a motorized infantry brigade, an engineer regiment and an air defense brigade. It is considered a Category A unit, with priority status in terms of readiness, strength, and modern equipment. In mid 2017 the army was redesignated the"
"National Revolutionary Army The National Revolutionary Army (NRA), sometimes shortened to Revolutionary Army (革命軍) before 1928, and as National Army (國軍) after 1928, was the military arm of the Kuomintang (KMT, or the Chinese Nationalist Party) from 1925 until 1947 in the Republic of China. It also became the regular army of the ROC during the KMT's period of party rule beginning in 1928. It was renamed the Republic of China Armed Forces after the 1947 Constitution, which instituted civilian control of the military. Originally organized with Soviet aid as a means for the KMT to unify China during the"
"1973 to build). Zhang Wannian became corps commander in 1981. In October 1985, the 43rd Army was disbanded again, the 127th Division transferred to the 54th Army, the 128th Division in 1985 to the 20th Army, and in 1996 an Armed Police Mobile Division. The 129th Division was disbanded. In March 1967, the Central Intelligence Agency identified some 35 field corps: Potential disbanded field armies may have included: From 1997 to 2000, force reductions resulted in the disbandment of three group armies: the 28th (BMR), 64th (Dalian, Liaoning, SMR), and the 67th Group Army at Zibo, Shandong, in the Jinan"
"to construct the emperor's mausoleum. British historian John Man points out that this figure is larger than the population of any city in the world at that time and he calculates that the foundations could have been built by 16,000 men in two years. While Sima Qian never mentioned the terracotta army, the statues were discovered by a group of farmers digging wells on March 29, 1974. The soldiers were created with a series of mix-and-match clay molds and then further individualized by the artists' hand. Han Purple was also used on some of the warriors. There are around 6,000"
"found walls, gates, stone roads, pottery shards and some brickwork. Beginning in 1976, various scholars proposed to explore the underground palace, citing the following main reasons: However, opponents of such excavations hold that China's current technology is not able to deal with the large scale of the underground palace yet. For example, in the case of the Terracotta Army, the archaeologists were initially unable to preserve the coat of paint on the surface of terracotta figures, which resulted in the rapid shedding of their painted decoration when exposed to air. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) indicated that research"
"New Fourth Army The New Fourth Army () was a unit of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China established in 1937. In contrast to most of the National Revolutionary Army, it was controlled by the Communist Party of China and not by the ruling Kuomintang. The New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army were the two main communist forces from 1938. The New Fourth Army was active south of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), while the Eighth Route Army was based in Yan'an in the northwest. Members of the New Fourth Army wore their badges on"
"to concerns over preservation of its artifacts. For example, after the excavation of the Terracotta Army, the painted surface present on some terracotta figures began to flake and fade. The lacquer covering the paint can curl in fifteen seconds once exposed to Xi'an's dry air and can flake off in just four minutes. Four main pits approximately deep have been excavated. These are located approximately east of the burial mound. The soldiers within were laid out as if to protect the tomb from the east, where the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay. Pit 1, which is long and wide, contains"
"northern intruders. The Terracotta Army, inside the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, consists of more than 7,000 life-size tomb terra-cotta figures of warriors and horses buried with the self-proclaimed first Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang) in 210–209 BC. The figures were painted before being placed into the vault. The original colors were visible when the pieces were first unearthed. However, exposure to air caused the pigments to fade, so today the unearthed figures appear terracotta in color. The figures are in several poses including standing infantry and kneeling archers, as well as charioteers with horses. Each figure's head"
"attack, and the subsequent story of her captain and his dog have become embedded in popular culture in the People's Republic of China. A replica of the ""Zhiyuan"" was constructed in 2014 at the Port of Dandong, while the wreck was discovered in 2013 after a 16-year search. At the time that ""Zhiyuan"" was ordered in October 1885, there was a debate in naval circles over the differences between armored cruisers and protected cruisers. Viceroy of Zhili province, Li Hongzhang, was in Europe to order ships from builders in Western nations. He was unable to decide between the two types,"
"adopted nomadic cavalry and Western military technology. In addition, China's armies also benefited from an advanced logistics system as well as a rich strategic tradition, beginning with Sun Tzu's ""The Art of War"", that deeply influenced military thought. Chinese military history underwent a dramatic transformation in the 20th century, with the People's Liberation Army beginning in 1927 with the start of the Chinese Civil War, and developing from a peasant guerrilla force into what remains the largest armed force in the world. The Republic of China Army was founded as the National Revolutionary Army, the armed wing of Sun Yat-sen's"
"Xi Jinping. They have known or worked under him as a result of their regional tenures in Shaanxi province (Xi's ""home province""), the southeast (Zhejiang and Fujian provinces), or through Tsinghua University, where Xi spent time in his youth. Those named include Li Zhanshu, Huang Xingguo (since disgraced), Liu He, Chen Xi, He Yiting, Wang Xiaohong, Li Shulei, and Li Xi. In the military, Liu Yazhou, Zhang Youxia, and Liu Yuan have been named as some of Xi's top associates. New Zhijiang Army The New Zhijiang Army (), is a term used by observers to represent political figures in the"
"People's Liberation Army Academy of Art The Military and Cultural Institute of National Defense University, People's Liberation Army () (previously named the People's Liberation Army Academy of Art ()) is an academic institute of the PLA National Defense University in Haidian District, Beijing, China. It has one campus, consisting of 7 departments and 12 specialties. The PLA Academy of Art was founded in May 1960. It was revoked in October 1969, during the Cultural Revolution. In May 1976, Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying toppled the Gang of Four, two years later, the university was rebuilt. In 2017, the previous PLA"
"Army Medical University Army Medical University (), formerly the Third Military Medical University () is a Chinese military institution of higher learning, affiliated to the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It is located in Chongqing, and was founded in 1954, by the merger of former Sixth and Seventh Medical Universities. The predecessor of the Sixth Medical University was Military Medical School of 4th Field Army of PLA and Nanchang Medical College (former Zhongzheng Medical College). The Seventh Medical University originated from the Medical School of Taiyue Military Region (Later the Medical College of 2nd Field Army of PLA). After merging, the"
"1954. It was disbanded in the reorganisation of 2015-16, being replaced and incorporated into a Theatre Command. There were three Group Armies within the Region, the 20th Group Army at Kaifeng, the 26th Group Army at Weifang, and the 54th in Xinxiang. It previously included the now disbanded 67th Group Army. In 2006, the International Institute for Strategic Studies attributed the formation with 190,000 personnel, including two armoured divisions, one mechanised infantry division, three motorised infantry divisions, one artillery division, one armoured brigade, one mechanised infantry brigade, four motorised infantry brigades, two artillery brigades, three anti-aircraft brigades, and an anti-tank"
"71st Group Army The 71st Group Army, formerly the 12th (Group) Army, was one of the three group armies of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's Eastern Theater Command (formerly Nanjing Military Region). It was disbanded and redesignated in mid 2017 as the 71st Group Army. The origin of the 12th Army lies in the surrender of the 74th Division of the Chinese Nationalist National Revolutionary Army, as well as with the sixth column of the Second Field Army. On 9 February 1949, the 34th, 35th and the 36th Divisions were incorporated into the Twelfth Army. On 29 November 1949, Chongqing"
"""Firearms Division"", ""Artillery Camp"", ""Shen-chi Camp"", and ""Firearm Brigade"". or ""Divine Engine Division"". The Qing army corps also named ""Shenji ying"" is sometimes called the ""Metropolitan Field Force"", but is mostly known as the ""Peking Field Force"", the name by which foreigners referred to it in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Peking Field Force The Peking Field Force was a modern-armed military unit that defended the Chinese imperial capital Beijing in the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The Force was founded in 1862, two years after the humiliating capture of Beijing and the sack of the"