"but had separate brains (craniopagus) were surgically separated in Singapore, despite surgeons' warnings that the operation could be fatal to one or both. Their complex case was accepted only because technologically advanced graphical imagery and modelling would allow the medical team to plan the risky surgery. Unfortunately, an undetected major vein hidden from the scans was discovered during the operation. The separation was completed but both women died while still in surgery. The Moche culture of ancient Peru depicted conjoined twins in their ceramics dating back to 300 CE. Writing around 415 CE, St. Augustine of Hippo, in his book,"
"Twin Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. Twins can be either ""monozygotic"" (""identical""), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or ""dizygotic"" (""fraternal""), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb is called a ""singleton"", and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is ""multiple"". Non-related look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to as doppelgangers. The human twin birth rate in the United States"
"Twin unit A twin unit or twinset is a set of two railroad cars or locomotives which are permanently coupled and treated as if they were a single unit. A twinset of cars or coaches can also be called a twin car. In US passenger railroad parlance, twin units are also known as married pairs. On passenger railroads, light rail, and monorail services, married pairs may have machinery necessary for full operation of the cars split between them. Items that are typically shared include transformers, motor controllers, dynamic braking grids, cabs, current collectors, batteries, and air compressors. This provides significant"
"and doctors believed separation surgery would give both girls their best chance to live a normal life. The twins were born at the University of Utah Medical Center in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Erin and Jake Herrin. They began their lives as conjoined twins of a form termed Ischiopagus (Type D) / Omphalopagus (Type B) conjoined twins, meaning that they were joined at the abdomen and the pelvis; they had between them an abdomen, pelvis, liver, kidney, large intestine and two legs (each twin controlling one leg). Although separation of most conjoined twins is more likely to be successful"
"a bull becomes partially masculinized and is known as a freemartin. Twin Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. Twins can be either ""monozygotic"" (""identical""), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or ""dizygotic"" (""fraternal""), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb is called a ""singleton"", and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is ""multiple"". Non-related look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to"
"being more common than male twins. Zygosity is the degree of identity in the genome of twins. Dizygotic (DZ) or fraternal twins (also referred to as ""non-identical twins"", ""dissimilar twins"", ""biovular twins"", and, informally in the case of females, ""sororal twins"") usually occur when two fertilized eggs are implanted in the uterus wall at the same time. When two eggs are independently fertilized by two different sperm cells, fraternal twins result. The two eggs, or ""ova"", form two zygotes, hence the terms ""dizygotic"" and ""biovular"". Fraternal twins are, essentially, two ordinary siblings who happen to be born at the same"
"savings in both cost of equipment and weight, which increases performance and decreases energy consumption. The cost of operating such a pair may be slightly higher when the extra car in such a pair is not needed to meet level-of-service demands at a particular time. Twin unit A twin unit or twinset is a set of two railroad cars or locomotives which are permanently coupled and treated as if they were a single unit. A twinset of cars or coaches can also be called a twin car. In US passenger railroad parlance, twin units are also known as married pairs."
"known as Taiwo while the second one is called Kehinde. In Yoruba culture the second twin is considered the elder twin; the reason for this is that Taiwo is sent by Kehinde to judge if the world is fit and beautiful before he/she descends, in accordance with Yoruba belief. these are names given to twins in yorubaland Ibeji Ibeji (known as Ibejí, Ibeyí, or Jimaguas in Latin America) is the name of an Orisha representing a pair of twins in the Yoruba religion of the Yoruba people (originating from Yorubaland, an area in and around present-day Nigeria). In the diasporic"
"Monoamniotic twins Monoamniotic twins are identical twins that share the same amniotic sac within their mother’s uterus. Monoamniotic twins are always identical, always monochorionic and are usually termed Monoamniotic-Monochorionic (""MoMo"" or ""Mono Mono"") twins. They also share the placenta, but have two separate umbilical cords. Monoamniotic twins develop when an embryo does not split until after formation of the amniotic sac, at about 9-13 days after fertilization. Monoamniotic triplets or other monoamniotic multiples are possible, but extremely rare. Other obscure possibilities include multiples sets where monoamniotic twins are part of a larger gestation such as triplets, quadruplets, or more. Monoamniotic"
"as the latter, their choice of grammatical person is to use ""I"" when they agree, but use their names when their responses do differ. There is some concern about the twins' continued good health, because only four known sets of conjoined twins who share an undivided torso and two legs have ever survived into adulthood, and most have congenital heart defects or other organ anomalies. None has shown up in their case. They intensely dislike being stared at or photographed by strangers while going about their private lives. In interviews for the Discovery Channel in 2006, they, then 16, said"
"twin, called the ""pump twin"", drives blood through both fetuses. It is called ""reversed arterial perfusion"" because in the acardiac twin the blood flows in a reversed direction. TRAP sequence occurs in 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and in 1 in 35,000 pregnancies overall. The acardiac twin is a parasitic twin that fails to properly develop a heart, and therefore generally does not develop the upper structures of the body. The parasitic twin, little more than a torso with or without legs, receives its blood supply from the host twin by means of an umbilical cord-like structure (which often only"
"Mixed twins Mixed twins are fraternal twins born to multiracial families which differ in skin color and other traits considered to be racial features. From a biological point of view, the differences in these fraternal or dizygotic twins from two biracial parents are not surprising. In humans, a relatively small number of genes are thought to be responsible for human skin color. Different alleles or gene variants code for differences in the melanin found within the skin. Within some groups are high frequencies of dark skin alleles, while others have high frequencies of light skin alleles, for example. The parents"
"would send a signal to the other one to start coming. Hence the second to arrive is named ""Kehinde"" (late arrival; it is now common for many Kehindes to be called by the familiar diminutive ""Kenny"".Irrespective of the sex the child born to the same woman after the twins is called Idowu, and the one after this is called ""Alaba"", then the next child is called ""Idogbe"". ""Ige"" is a child born with the legs coming out first instead of the head; and ""Ojo"" (male) or ""Aina"" (female) is the one born with the umbilical cord around his or her"
"will be present, eventually leading to the twins sharing the same chorion and placenta, but with separate amnions. However, the egg can split into two, but still have one blastocyst. This will lead to one inner cell mass and one blastocyst. Then, as the twins develop, they will share the same placenta, chorion, and amnion. This is thought to be the most likely reason why conjoined twins occur, and could possibly play a role in the development of craniopagus parasiticus. One hypothesis is that craniopagus parasiticus starts with the development of two fetuses from a single zygote that fail to"
"known as the Great Twins (MUL.MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL). The Twins were regarded as minor gods and were called Meshlamtaea and Lugalirra, meaning respectively 'The One who has arisen from the Underworld' and the 'Mighty King'. Both names can be understood as titles of Nergal, the major Babylonian god of plague and pestilence, who was king of the Underworld. In Greek mythology, Gemini was associated with the myth of Castor and Pollux, the children of Leda and Argonauts both. Pollux was the son of Zeus, who seduced Leda, while Castor was the son of Tyndareus, king of Sparta and Leda's husband. Castor and"
"Locked twins Locked twins is a rare complication of multiple pregnancy where two fetuses become interlocked during presentation before birth. It occurs in roughly 1 in 1,000 twin deliveries and 1 in 90,000 deliveries overall. Most often, locked twins are delivered via Caesarean section, given that the condition has been diagnosed early enough. The fetal mortality rate is high for the twin that presents first, with over 50% being stillborn. There are two types of locked twins: breech/vertex and vertex/vertex. In breech/vertex presentations, which are much more common, the first twin is in the breech position, presenting feet-first, and the"
"cloth"") - Mpopi (""Holy"") - Panzou - Tchizinga (""surround, to have a long life"") - Yanzi (""angel"") The following combinations are often used: Consecrated names give information on the circumstances of the birth of the children bearing these names. Futi (""born just after the twins, he would present according to tradition excellent skills to succeed"") - Nguli Bassa (""mother of twins. She enjoys great consideration and great respect within the traditional society"") - Nkumba (""born after Futi"") - Nsafu/Safu (Safou tree or fruit, deciduous teeth on the upper jaw, abnormally growing teeth) - Nsunda ""(child presented by the sits at"
"are both composite. The first few isolated primes are It follows from Brun's theorem that almost all primes are members of this sequence. Twin prime A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number—for example, either member of the twin prime pair (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term ""twin prime"" is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime twin or prime pair. Twin primes become increasingly rare as"
"more frequent, monozygotic is the reason conjoined twins can develop. In monozygotic twinning for conjoined twins such as ischiopagi, the twins form by the splitting of a bi-laminar embryonic disc after the formation of the inner cell masses. Thus, making the twins occupy the same amnion which can lead to a conjoining of the twins as a result of the twins not separating properly during the twinning process. Separation occurring between the seventh and thirteenth days should result in a monochorionic, monoamniotic identical twins sharing a yolk sac. If separation of the twins occur in the later stages of development"
"of twinning could exhibit characteristics with reversed asymmetry, such as opposite dominant handedness, dental structure, or even organs (situs inversus). If the split occurs later than this time period, the twins risk being conjoined. There is no DNA-based zygosity test that can determine if twins are indeed mirror image. The term “mirror image” is used because the twins, when facing each other, appear as matching reflections. There have been many studies highlighting the development of language in twins compared to single-born children. These studies have converged on the notion that there is a greater rate of delay in language development"
"the degree of consanguinity of ordinary first cousins; genetically, they are as related as half-siblings. Children of these marriages may have an increased risk of genetic disorders, particularly if their parents both carry a harmful recessive mutation. In a scenario where two monozygotic (identical) twins mate with another pair of monozygotic twins, the resulting double cousins would test as genetically similar as siblings. Scientists through multiple studies have established a substantial and consistent positive correlation between the kinship of couples and the number of children and grandchildren they have. The 2008 deCODE study results show that couples related at the"
"Les Twins Professionally known as Les Twins, identical twin brothers Laurent Nicolas and Larry Nicolas Bourgeois (born December 6, 1988) are French dancers, choreographers, producers, and models and designers and creative directors of their brand ""Eleven Paris"". Additionally, Larry Nicolas sings and Laurent Nicolas raps, and together they have released two songs. Often referred to by their respective nicknames, ""Lil Beast"" and ""Ca Blaze"", they are recognized internationally for their talents in new style hip-hop dancing, and various dancing styles. Born and raised in Sarcelles, France, the self-taught dance duo became the darlings of the French audience in 2008 as"
"as conjoined people. The twins both passed their driver's license exams, both the written and driving tests. They had to take the tests twice, once for each twin. Abby controls the devices on the right of the driver's seat; Brittany, those on the left. Together they control the steering wheel. They both graduated from high school in 2008. They began college at Bethel University in Arden Hills, Minnesota, majoring in education. They had considered pursuing different concentrations within that major, but the volume of extra coursework was prohibitive. They graduated with Bachelor of Arts degrees in 2012. In conversation, the"
"there are several types of twins, including contact twins, reticulated twins, geniculated twins, penetration twins, cyclic twins, and polysynthetic twins. Contact, or simple twins, consist of two crystals joined at a plane; this type of twinning is common in spinel. Reticulated twins, common in rutile, are interlocking crystals resembling netting. Geniculated twins have a bend in the middle that is caused by start of the twin. Penetration twins consist of two single crystals that have grown into each other; examples of this twinning include cross-shaped staurolite twins and Carlsbad twinning in orthoclase. Cyclic twins are caused by repeated twinning around"
"rarely, mixed twins can arise as a result of heteropaternal superfecundation. Mixed twins Mixed twins are fraternal twins born to multiracial families which differ in skin color and other traits considered to be racial features. From a biological point of view, the differences in these fraternal or dizygotic twins from two biracial parents are not surprising. In humans, a relatively small number of genes are thought to be responsible for human skin color. Different alleles or gene variants code for differences in the melanin found within the skin. Within some groups are high frequencies of dark skin alleles, while others"
"Twin reversed arterial perfusion Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence—also called TRAP sequence, TRAPS, or acardiac twinning—is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is a severe variant of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). The twins' blood systems are connected instead of independent. One twin, called the ""acardiac twin"" or ""TRAP fetus"", is severely malformed. The heart is missing or deformed, hence the name acardiac, as are the upper structures of the body. The legs may be partially present or missing, and internal structures of the torso are often poorly formed. The other twin is usually normal in appearance. The normal"
"Maya Hero Twins The Maya Hero Twins are the central figures of a narrative included within the colonial K'iche' document called Popol Vuh, and constituting the oldest Maya myth to have been preserved in its entirety. Called Hunahpu and Xbalanque in the K’iche’ language, the Twins have also been identified in the art of the Classic Mayas (200–900 AD). The twins are often portrayed as complementary forces. The complementary pairings of life and death, sky and earth, day and night, sun and moon, among multiple others have been used to represent the twins. The duality that occurs between male and"
"abdomen and pelvis, have four arms, and three legs, two of which are fused into a single, nine-toed limb, which remains concealed behind their body. They share a stomach, but have two hearts, two kidneys, one liver, and one reproductive tract. The twins have been examined by doctors to determine whether or not they can be separated. However, they have no plans to do so because they feel it would be against God's will, carry too great a medical risk, and would rob them of their employment. They have stated """"We are happy as we are. The family will starve"
"the X chromosome is duplicated. This results in one normal male (XY) and one female with Turner syndrome (45,X). In these cases, although the twins did form from the same fertilized egg, it is incorrect to refer to them as genetically identical, since they have different karyotypes. Monozygotic twins can develop differently, due to different genes being activated. More unusual are ""semi-identical twins"". These ""half-identical twins"" are hypothesized to occur when an unfertilized egg cleaves into two identical attached ova and which are viable for fertilization. Both cloned ova are then fertilized by different sperm and the coalesced eggs undergo"
"Tandem bicycle The tandem bicycle or twin is a form of bicycle (occasionally a tricycle) designed to be ridden by more than one person. The term tandem refers to the seating arrangement (fore to aft, not side by side), not the number of riders. A bike with two riders side by side is called a sociable. Patents related to tandem bicycles date from the late 1890s. In approximately 1898, Mikael Pedersen developed a two-rider tandem version of his Pedersen bicycle that weighed 24 pounds, and a four-rider, or ""quad"", that weighed 64 pounds. They were also used in the Second"
"Twin registry A twin registry is a database of information about both identical twins and fraternal twins, which is often maintained by an academic institution, such as a university, or by other research institutions. The use of twins can improve the statistical power of a genetic study by reducing the amount of genetic and/or environmental variability. ""Identical twins"" (monozygotic (MZ) twins) share virtually all their genes with each other, and ""fraternal twins"" (dizygotic (DZ) twins), on average, share about 50% of their genes with each other (about the same amount of sharing as non-twin siblings). Both types of twin pairs"
"history has also seen increasing numbers of multiple births. In the United States, it has been estimated that by 2011, 36% of twin births and 78% of triplet and higher-order births resulted from conception by assisted reproductive technology. Twins are by far the most common form of multiple births in humans. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report more than 132,000 sets of twins out of 3.9 million births of all kinds each year, about 3.4%, or 1 in 30. Identical triplets come from a monozygotic pregnancy, three fetuses from one egg. The most common set, strictly fraternal"
"Divine twins The divine twins are a mytheme of Proto-Indo-European religion. The Yoruba orishas Ibeji, the Maya Hero Twins, and the Haitian vodoun Marassa Jumeaux are similar examples outside the Indo-European realm. O'Brien (1982) reconstructs a horse goddess with twin offspring, pointing to Gaulish Epona, Irish Macha (the twins reflected in Macha's pair, Liath Macha and Dub Sainglend), Welsh Rhiannon, and Eddaic Freyja in the tale of the construction of the walls of Asgard, seeing a vestige of the birth of hippomorphic twins in Loki in the form of a mare (in place of Freyja) giving birth to eight-legged Sleipnir."