"largely unanticipated delight in the suffering of another, which is cognized as trivial and/or appropriate."" A ""New York Times"" article in 2002 cited a number of scientific studies of ""Schadenfreude"", which it defined as ""delighting in others' misfortune"". Many such studies are based on social comparison theory, the idea that when people around us have bad luck, we look better to ourselves. Other researchers have found that people with low self-esteem are more likely to feel ""Schadenfreude"" than are those who have high self-esteem. A 2003 study examined intergroup ""Schadenfreude"" within the context of sports, specifically an international football (soccer)"
"Schadenfreude Schadenfreude (; ; 'harm-joy') is the experience of pleasure, joy, or self-satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles, failures, or humiliation of another. It is one of four related emotions or concepts. Schadenfreude is a complex negative emotion. Rather than feeling sympathy towards someone's misfortune, schadenfreude evokes joyful feelings that take pleasure from watching someone fail. This emotion is displayed more in children than adults, however adults also experience schadenfreude, they are just better at concealing their expressions. ""Schadenfreude"" is borrowed from German; it is a compound of ""Schaden"", ""damage, harm"", and ""Freude"", ""joy"". The German"
"to a third party). Also, unlike ""Schadenfreude"", where the focus is on another's misfortune, gloating often brings to mind inappropriately celebrating or bragging about one's own good fortune without any particular focus on the misfortune of others. Permutations of the concept of pleasure at another's unhappiness are: pleasure at another's happiness, displeasure at another's happiness, and displeasure at another's unhappiness. Words for these concepts are sometimes cited as antonyms to ""Schadenfreude"", as each is the opposite in some way. Pleasure at another's happiness is described by the Buddhist concept of ""mudita"" or the concept of ""compersion"" in the polyamory community."
"Habseligkeiten This German word is usually used in its plural form Habseligkeiten. It refers to the paltry belongings of an almost penniless person. ""Habseligkeiten"" was chosen as the most beautiful German word in October 2004 in a competition initiated by the Goethe Institute and the Council for the German Language. The nomination points out that the word combines two completely opposite areas of life: worldly belongings (""hab"" from ""haben"", ""to have"") and the eternal search for happiness (""Seligkeit"", a state of bliss or of being blessed). It argues that this tension causes the observer to feel sympathy towards the owner"
"to begrudgery, the resentment or envy of the success of a peer. If someone were to feel joy by the victim’s fall from grace, they would be experiencing ""Schadenfreude"". A ""Roman holiday"" is a metaphor from Byron's poem ""Childe Harold's Pilgrimage"", where a gladiator in ancient Rome expects to be ""butchered to make a Roman holiday"" while the audience would take pleasure from watching his suffering. The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment. ""Morose delectation"" (""delectatio morosa"" in Latin), meaning ""the habit of dwelling with enjoyment on evil thoughts"". was considered by the medieval church to"
"else instead of to us."" He gives examples and writes, ""[People] don't wish their friends ill, but they can’t help feeling an embarrassing spasm of gratitude that [the bad thing] happened to someone else and not to them."" Susan Sontag's book ""Regarding the Pain of Others"", published in 2003, is a study of the issue of how the pain and misfortune of some people affects others, namely whether war photography and war paintings may be helpful as anti-war tools, or whether they only serve some sense of ""Schadenfreude"" in some viewers. Philosopher and sociologist Theodor Adorno defined schadenfreude as ""..."
"joy and hate, when we rejoice at other men's mischief, and are grieved at their prosperity; pride, self-love, emulation, envy, shame, &c., of which elsewhere."" The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer mentioned ""Schadenfreude"" as the most evil sin of human feeling, famously saying ""To feel envy is human, to savor schadenfreude is diabolic."" Rabbi Harold S. Kushner in his book ""When Bad Things Happen to Good People"" describes ""Schadenfreude"" as a universal, even wholesome reaction that cannot be helped. ""There is a German psychological term, ""Schadenfreude"", which refers to the embarrassing reaction of relief we feel when something bad happens to someone"
"Vicarious embarrassment Vicarious embarrassment (also known as secondhand, empathetic, or third party embarrassment) is the feeling of embarrassment from observing the embarrassing actions of another person. Unlike general embarrassment, vicarious embarrassment is not caused by participating in an embarrassing event, but instead it's caused by witnessing (either verbally or visually) another person's experience an embarrassing event. These emotions can be perceived as pro-social, and some say they can be seen as motives for following socially and culturally acceptable behavior. Vicarious embarrassment (German: fremdscham.) is often seen as an opposite to schadenfreude, which is the feeling of pleasure or satisfaction at"
"be a sin. French writer Pierre Klossowski maintained that the appeal of sadism is morose delectation. ""Gloating"" is an English word of similar meaning, where ""gloat"" means ""to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight"" (e.g., to gloat over an enemy's misfortune). Gloating is different from ""Schadenfreude"" in that it does not necessarily require malice (one may gloat to a friend about having defeated him in a game without ill intent), and that it describes an action rather than a state of mind (one typically gloats to the subject of the misfortune or"
"fall can be a source of comfort. ""Schadenfreude"" has equivalents in other languages (for example, German, Dutch, Arabic, Hebrew, Bangla, Czech, Norwegian and Finnish), but no commonly used precise English single-word equivalent. There are other ways to express the concept in English. ""Epicaricacy"" is a seldom-used direct equivalent, borrowed from Greek ""epichairekakia"" (ἐπιχαιρεκακία, first attested in Aristotle), from ἐπί ""epi"" 'upon', χαρά ""chara"" 'joy', and κακόν ""kakon"" 'evil'. ""Tall poppy syndrome"" is a cultural phenomenon where people of high status are resented, attacked, cut down, or criticized because they have been classified as better than their peers. This is similar"
"of such belongings. The Council for the German Language was criticized for its choice because the nomination is etymologically wrong. The word does not consist of the halves ""hab"" and ""seligkeiten"", but instead of ""habsal"" and ""keit"", where ""habsal"" is a material possession of small value and ""keit"" is a common suffix. Therefore, the word does not actually refer to the feeling of happiness that was attributed to it in the nomination. Habseligkeiten This German word is usually used in its plural form Habseligkeiten. It refers to the paltry belongings of an almost penniless person. ""Habseligkeiten"" was chosen as the"
"of terms, in which ""epikhairekakia"" stands as the opposite of ""phthonos"" (φθόνος), and ""nemesis"" (νέμεσις) occupies the mean. ""Nemesis"" is ""a painful response to another's undeserved good fortune"", while ""phthonos"" is a painful response to any good fortune, deserved or not. The ""epikhairekakos"" (ἐπιχαιρέκακος) person takes pleasure in another's ill fortune. Lucretius characterises the emotion in an extended simile in ""De rerum natura"": ""Suave, mari magno turbantibus aequora ventis, e terra magnum alterius spectare laborem"", ""It is pleasant to watch from the land the great struggle of someone else in a sea rendered great by turbulent winds."" The abbreviated Latin"
"with a Hammer"". The former title, ""Götzen-Dämmerung"" in German, is a pun on the title of Richard Wagner's opera, ""Götterdämmerung"", or 'Twilight of the Gods'. ""Götze"" is a German word for ""idol"" or ""false god"". Walter Kaufmann has suggested that in his use of the word Nietzsche might be indebted to Francis Bacon. Nietzsche criticizes German culture of the day as unsophisticated and nihilistic, and shoots some disapproving arrows at key French, British, and Italian cultural figures who represent similar tendencies. In contrast to all these alleged representatives of cultural ""decadence"", Nietzsche applauds Caesar, Napoleon, Goethe, Thucydides and the Sophists"
"Germanic borrowing of Latin ""diabolus"". This in turn was borrowed from ""diábolos"", ""slanderer"", from ""diabállein"", ""to slander"" from διά ""diá"", ""across, through"" and βάλλειν ""bállein"", ""to hurl"", probably akin to the Sanskrit ""gurate"", ""he lifts up"". In his book ""The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity"" Jeffrey Burton Russell discusses various meanings, and difficulties that are encountered when using the term ""Devil"". He doesn’t claim to define the word in a general sense, but he describes the limited use that he intends for the word in his book — limited in order to “minimize this difficulty” and"
"German word ""Einfühlung"" (""feeling into""), which was translated by Edward B. Titchener into the English term empathy. However, in modern Greek, εμπάθεια means ""malice"", ""hostility"". ""Alexithymia"" is a word used to describe a deficiency in understanding, processing or describing emotions ""in oneself"" as opposed to in others. This term comes from the combination of two Ancient Greek words: ἀλέξω (""alekso"", meaning ""push away, repel, or protect"") and ""θυμός"" (""thymos"", meaning ""the soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling and thought""). Thus alexithymia literally means ""pushing away your emotions"". Empathy definitions encompass a broad range of emotional states, including caring for"
"""Fußball"") for the tabletop football, for which in Germany however the English term ""kicker"" is used. If somebody is sneezing, one may respond ""[god] bless you"". Because many people don't want to use a blessing phrase with religious context, instead the German term ""gesundheit"" is widely used. In German, ""Gesundheit"" means health, but is also used as response when someone sneezes. The same word is used in Yiddish, and thus came to be known also in the US. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary lists the German word ""verboten"", defined as ""forbidden by an authority"". Weltschmerz, Schadenfreude, Brat, kaput, Weltanschauung. Another"
"is the emotion most directly opposed to pity.” Aristotle also writes “Indignation is pain caused by the sight of undeserved good fortune.” The terms indignation and indignatio are closely related in part by their common negative emotionality and anger. A speaker may successfully employ indignatio and the audience will feel indignation towards the opponent. Indignation (word) The word indignation is used to describe strong displeasure at something considered unjust, offensive, insulting or unrighteous. The term was coined in France during the 12th Century. It comes from the Latin word ""indignationem"", meaning displeasure. In nominative form, ""indignationem"" is ""indignatio"". ""Indignation"" is"
"און ברכה) (""success and blessing"") had been calqued from the German phrase ""Hals- und Beinbruch"" (""neck and leg fracture""), because of its similar pronunciation. The autobiography of Manfred von Richthofen records pilots of the German air force during the First World War as using the phrase ""Hals- und Beinbruch"" (neck and leg fracture) to wish each other luck before a flight. The phrase is now most typically used to wish an actor good luck before a performance, or a student good luck before an exam. One popular, but false, etymology derives the phrase from the 1865 assassination of Abraham Lincoln."
"Sitz im Leben In Biblical criticism, Sitz im Leben () is a German phrase roughly translating to ""setting in life"". It stands for the alleged context in which a text, or object, has been created, and its function and purpose at that time. The ""Sitz im Leben"" is also used to refer to the social, ethnic and cultural setting of a site at a particular era. When interpreting a text, object, or region, the ""Sitz im Leben"" has to be taken into consideration in order to allow a proper contextual interpretation. The term originated with the German Protestant theologian Hermann"
"diver"", which is an alliteration in German), or ""Mutterficker"" (""motherfucker""). A whole range of these expressions aim at supposedly weak or conformist behaviour, such as ""Ampel-bei-Rot-Stehenbleiber"" (""traffic-lights-on-red-stopper""), ""Warmduscher"" (""warm-showerer""), ""Unterhosen-Wechsler"" (""underpants changer""), or ""Schattenparker"" (""in the shadow parker""). Especially among children there are several fixed terms of this type, like ""Spielverderber"" (""game spoiler""). Note: The suffix ""-er"" is also used to form instrument nouns, e.g. ""Salzstreuer"" and ""Bohrer"" also denote instruments. The normal gerund noun is generally the same word as the infinitive. The gerund does not have a plural (normally – but if so, the form would be unchanged),"
"German declension German declension is the paradigm that German uses to define all the ways articles, adjectives and sometimes nouns can change their form to reflect their role in the sentence: subject, object, etc. Declension allows speakers to mark a difference between subjects, direct objects, indirect objects and possessives by changing the form of the word—and/or its associated article—instead of indicating this meaning through word order or prepositions (e.g. English, Spanish, French). As a result, German can take a much more fluid approach to word order without the meaning being obscured. In English, a simple sentence must be written in"
"German declension German declension is the paradigm that German uses to define all the ways articles, adjectives and sometimes nouns can change their form to reflect their role in the sentence: subject, object, etc. Declension allows speakers to mark a difference between subjects, direct objects, indirect objects and possessives by changing the form of the word—and/or its associated article—instead of indicating this meaning through word order or prepositions (e.g. English, Spanish, French). As a result, German can take a much more fluid approach to word order without the meaning being obscured. In English, a simple sentence must be written in"
"Witzelsucht Witzelsucht ( ""joking addiction"") is a set of rare neurological symptoms characterized by a tendency to make puns, or tell inappropriate jokes or pointless stories in socially inappropriate situations. It makes one unable to read sarcasm. A less common symptom is hypersexuality, the tendency to make sexual comments at inappropriate times or situations. Patients do not understand that their behavior is abnormal, therefore are nonresponsive to others' reactions. This disorder is most commonly seen in patients with frontal lobe damage, particularly right frontal lobe tumors or trauma. The disorder remains named in accordance with its reviewed definition by German"
"or for adverbial expressions, such as Denglisch may combine words according to English rules by writing them in succession. According to the Standard German grammar and spelling rules, that is incorrect. The first spelling, with two separate words, makes no logical or grammatical connection between the words but simply juxtaposes them. The second combines them into one word, an ""Annahme"" (in this case a place where something is received) for ""Reparaturen"" (repairs). That is often called ""Deppenleerstelle"", or """" which means ""idiot's space"", incorrectly separating parts of a compound word. Some major companies such as Deutsche Bank now conduct much"
"unrehte"" (right and wrong), 17. ""von dem alter"" (age), 18. ""von edele unde tugende"" (nobility and virtue), 19. ""von blinden"" (the blind), 20. ""von dem honege"" (honey), 21. ""von gewinne und guote"" (profit and possessions), 22. ""von sorgen"" (sorrow), 23. ""von arzâten unde siechen"" (leeches and the sick), 24. ""von nîde"" (envy), 25. ""von lobe"" (praise), 26. ""von scheltenne"" (scolding), 27. ""von gesellen"" (fellowship), 28. ""von zorne"" (wrath), 29. ""von dem himelrîche und der helle"" (heaven and hell), 30. ""von den pfaffen"" (priests, clerics), 31. ""von künegen und fürsten"" (kings and princes), 32. ""von den wîsen unde tôren"" (the wise"
"Germanism (linguistics) A Germanism is a loan word or other loan element borrowed from German for use in some other language. Technology and engineering have also provided Germanisms, as in the English ""bremsstrahlung"" (a form of electromagnetic radiation), or the French ""schnorchel"" (literally, ""submarine snorkel,"" a type of air-intake device for submarine engines). In Afrikaans, a colloquial term for ethnic Germans is ""aberjetze"", from German ""aber jetzt!"" (""come on, now!""), possibly due to the frequent use of that phrase by German farmers or overseers in exhorting their workers. Albanian has many loan words brought back from Germany by migrant workers."
"innovations. The German verb ""radebrechen"" (""to break on the wheel"") can refer to speaking incorrectly, for example with a strong foreign accent or with a great deal of foreign vocabulary. Similarly, the Norwegian ""radbrekke"" can be applied to art and language, and refers to use which is seen as despoiling tradition and courtesy, with connotations of willful ignorance or malice. In Swedish, ""rådbråka"" can be used in the same sense as the English idiom ""rack one's brain"" or, as in German, to mangle language. The word , meaning a debauched or lecherous person, is French, and its original meaning was"
"131 in Hjortholmen. The same alliterative Old Norse phrase, ""manna mæstr oniðing"", which is translated as ""the most unvillainous of men,"" appears on Ög 77, Sm 5, and Sm 37, and DR 68 uses a variant of this phrase. Nīþ In historical Germanic society, nīþ ( ; ); was a term for a social stigma implying the loss of honour and the status of a villain. A person affected with the stigma is a nīðing (/ᚾᛁᚦᛁᚴᛦ, , or ), one lower (""cf."" modern English ""beneath"", modern Dutch ""beneed""/""beneden"", modern German ""nieder"" and modern Danish and Swedish ""nedre"") than those around"
"the words ""fortunate"" and ""unfortunate"" in English), Dedun in Nubian religion, the Seven Lucky Gods in Japanese mythology, mythical American serviceman John Frum in Polynesian cargo cults, and the inauspicious Alakshmi in Hinduism. The English noun ""luck"" appears comparatively late, during the 1480s, as a loan from Low German, Dutch or Frisian ""luk"", a short form of ""gelucke"" (Middle High German ""gelücke""). Compare to old Slavic word ""lukyj"" (""лукый"") - ""appointed by destiny"" and old Russian ""luchaj"" (""лучаи"") - ""destiny, fortune"". It likely entered English as a gambling term, and the context of gambling remains detectable in the word's connotations;"
"Nibelung The term Nibelung (German) or Niflung (Old Norse) is a personal or clan name with several competing and contradictory uses in Germanic heroic legend. It has an unclear etymology, but is often connected to the root ""nebel"", meaning mist. The term in its various meanings gives its name to the Middle High German heroic epic the ""Nibelungenlied"". The most wide-spread use of Nibelung is used to denote the Burgundian royal house, also known as the Gibichungs (German) or Gjúkings (Old Norse). A group of royal brothers led by king Gunther or Gunnar, the Gibichungs are responsible for the death"
"of the picture reads: ""The Monkey seing nuts in fire Doth force the Cat to plucke them neir; Which showeth the Envious doth not care, Whose House do burne so they have share"". In Germany it was incorporated into a view of the Schloss Johannisberg wine estate in 's ""Thesaurus Philopoliticus"" (later known as the ""Sciographia Cosmica"") of 1623. In this combination of the Emblem book and collection of town plans, the scene of the fable takes place on the lower right and is accompanied by verses illustrating the Latin moral, ""Alterius Damno Quaeris Lucrum"" (Another is duped to benefit"
"and fools), 33. ""von milten und von kargen"" (the generous and the avaricious), 34. ""von der 'ere"" (honour), 35. ""von trunkenheite"" (inebriation), 36. ""von friunden"" (friends), 37. ""von minne und wiben"" (love and women), 38. ""von erkantnisse"" (insight), 39. ""von dem hunger"" (hunger), 40. ""von wâne"" (madness), 41. ""von guote und übele"" (good and evil), 42. ""von unkünde"" (the unknown), 43. ""von tieren"" (beasts), 44. ""von schatze und pfenninge"" (wealth and money), 45. ""von Rôme"" (Rome), 46. ""von Âkers"" (Acre), 47. ""von der zungen"" (language), 48. ""von liegenne unde triegenne"" (lies and deceptions), 49. ""von dem Endekriste"" (the Antichrist), 50."
"""Die neuen Leiden des alten M."" (The New Suffering of Old M.): ""As for good-doing and most things in general, it is a question of the dosage: when overdone it becomes totalitarian."" In 2014, Patrick Orth, manager of German rock band Die Toten Hosen, registered the wordmark ""Gutmensch"". Since then, the band has been selling print T-shirts labeled ""Gutmensch – No one likes us. We don't care!"". 10 Euros per T-shirt are donated to an organisation helping migrant crime victims. Germany annually nominates a populist word that has a bad connotation. It is called ""Unwort des Jahres"" (in German the"