"Units of paper quantity Various measures of paper quantity have been and are in use. Although there are no S.I. units such as quires and bales, there are ISO and DIN standards for the ream. Expressions used here include U.S. Customary units. A quire of paper is a measure of paper quantity. The usual meaning is 25 sheets of the same size and quality: of a ream of 500 sheets. Quires of 25 sheets are often used for machine-made paper, while quires of 24 sheets are often used for handmade or specialised paper of 480-sheet reams. (As an old UK"
"and US measure, in some sources, a quire was originally 24 sheets.) Quires of 15, 18 or 20 sheets have also been used, depending on the type of paper. The current word ""quire"" derives from OE ""quair"" or ""guaer"", from OF ""quayer"", ""cayer"", (cf. modern Fr. ""cahier""), from L. ""quaternum"", ""by fours"", ""fourfold"". Later, when bookmaking switched to using paper and it became possible to easily stitch 5 to 7 sheets at a time, the association of ""quaire"" with ""four"" was quickly lost. In the Middle Ages, a quire (also called a ""gathering"") was most often formed of 4 folded"
"sheets of vellum or parchment, i.e. 8 leaves, 16 sides. The term ""quaternion"" (or sometimes ""quaternum"") designates such a quire. A quire made of a single folded sheet (i.e. 2 leaves, 4 sides) is a ""bifolium"" (plural ""bifolia""); a ""binion"" is a quire of two sheets (i.e. 4 leaves, 8 sides); and a ""quinion"" is five sheets (10 leaves, 20 sides). This last meaning is preserved in the modern Italian term for quire, ""quinterno di carta"". Formerly, when paper was packed at the paper mill, the top and bottom quires were made up of slightly damaged sheets (""outsides"") to protect"
"sewn together to form gatherings called quires. On occasion, a folio is not part of a bifolio but is instead a single sheet inserted within a quire. The extant folios are gathered into 38 quires. There are between four and twelve folios (two to six bifolios) per quire; the folios are commonly, but not invariably, bound in groups of ten. Some folios are single sheets, as is frequently the case with the important decorated pages. The folios had lines drawn for the text, sometimes on both sides, after the bifolios were folded. Prick marks and guide lines can still be"
"each gathering will have two or more short stretches of thread visible at the central fold. In medieval manuscripts a gathering, or quire, was most often formed of 4 folded sheets of vellum or parchment, i.e. 8 leaves, 16 sides. The term ""quaternion"" (or sometimes ""quaternum"") designates such a unit. A gathering made of a single folded sheet (i.e. 2 leaves, 4 sides) is a ""bifolium"" (plural ""bifolia""); a ""binion"" is a quire of two sheets (i.e. 4 leaves, 8 sides); and a ""quinion"" is five sheets (10 leaves, 20 sides). This last meaning is preserved in the modern Italian"
"texts were beyond the typesetters' capacity to correct. The Folio was typeset and bound in ""sixes"" – 3 sheets of paper, taken together, were folded into a booklet-like quire or gathering of 6 leaves, 12 pages. Once printed, the ""sixes"" were assembled and bound together to make the book. The sheets were printed in 2-page formes, meaning that pages 1 and 12 of the first quire were printed simultaneously on one side of one sheet of paper (which became the ""outer"" side); then pages 2 and 11 were printed on the other side of the same sheet (the ""inner"" side)."
"Quarto Quarto (abbreviated Qto, 4to or 4°) is a book or pamphlet produced from full ""blanksheets"", each of which is printed with eight pages of text, four to a side, then folded twice to produce four leaves (that is, eight book pages). Each printed page presents as one-fourth size of the full blanksheet. The earliest known European printed book is a quarto, the ""Sibyllenbuch"", believed to have been printed by Gutenberg in 1452–53, before the ""Gutenberg Bible"", surviving only as a fragment. Quarto is also used as a general description of size of books that are about 12 inches (30"
"of 480 sheets, now known as a 'short' ream. Reams of 472 and 516 sheets are still current, but in retail outlets paper is typically sold in reams of 500. As an old UK and US unit, a perfect ream was equal to 516 sheets. Certain types of specialist papers such as tissue paper, greaseproof paper, handmade paper, and blotting paper are still sold (especially in the UK) in 'short' reams of 480 sheets (20 quires of 24 sheets). However, the commercial use of the word 'ream' for quantities of paper other than 500 is now deprecated by such standards"
"the good quires (""insides""). These outside quires were known as ""cassie quires"" (from Fr. ""cassée"", ""broken""), or ""cording quires"" and had only 20 sheets to the quire. The printer William Caslon in a book published in 1770 mentions both 24- and 25-sheet quires; he also details printer's wastage, and the sorting and recycling of damaged ""cassie"" quires. An 1826 French manual on typography complained that cording quires (usually containing some salvageable paper) from the Netherlands barely contained a single good sheet. It also became the name for any booklet small enough to be made from a single quire of paper."
"content: the first 48 leaves, booklets one (quires 1-2, folios 1-22) and two (quires 3-4, folios 23-48), contain religious poetry in the late-thirteenth century hand known as scribe A, whilst the remaining five booklets are written in the early-fourteenth century hand of the Ludlow scribe; apart from some pigment recipes at the beginning of booklet three (quires 5, folios 49-52) penned by scribe C. Containing miscellaneous material, secular as well as religious, in prose and verse, this division is not, however, reflected in the quire division, since the division is found on folio 49, part of a quire running from"
"quire has seven leaves excised. The majority of the folios were ruled using a hard point. They were ruled two bifolios at a time, before the bifolios were folded. The manuscript has a mid-19th century binding of purple leather. The manuscript contains the text of the four Gospels in Latin along with the Eusebian canon tables, prefaces, summaries and capitulary. The text is written in two columns of twenty-five lines each in a Carolingian minuscule that has some Merovingian characteristics. The texts of the canon table, the chapter tables and the colophon are in the same hand. The manuscript has"
"meaning of quire, ""quinterno di carta"". Later, when bookmaking switched to using paper and it became possible to easily stitch 5 to 7 sheets at a time, the number of sheets and pages in a gathering became more variable. Section (bookbinding) In bookbinding, a section, gathering, or signature refers to a group of sheets, folded in the middle, and bound into the binding together. The section is the basic building block of codex bindings. In Western bookbinding, sections are sewn through their folds, with the sewing thread linking each section to its neighboring sections. The gatherings can be seen by"
"collation of the original quires is difficult to determine due to the loss of some leaves. In the course of combining bifolios into quires, the medieval bookmakers needed a system by which they could keep the various quires in their proper order. Catchwords eventually became the standard tool for this purpose. The Morgan Beatus, however, does not utilize this technique. Instead, this manuscript makes use of signatures consisting of Roman numerals followed by the letter ""Q"" There are two miniature bearing folios signed in this fashion. Intact quires consist of eight leaves (four bifolios). Most signatures are in the corner"
"the 500-sheet ream has become the de facto international standard. A paper bundle is a quantity of sheets of paper, currently standardized as 1,000 sheets. A bundle consists of 2 reams or 40 quires. As an old UK and US measure, it was previously equal to 960 sheets. When referring to chipboard, there are two standards in the US. In general, a package of approximately 50 pounds of chipboard is called a bundle. Thus, a bundle of 22 point chipboard (0.022"" thick) 24"" × 38"", with each sheet weighing 0.556 pounds, contains 90 sheets. However, chipboard sold in size 11"""
"was ordered by the ream of 480 sheets. In 1840, a ream in Lisbon was 17 quires and 3 sheets = 428 sheets, and a double ream was 18 quires and 2 sheets = 434 sheets; and in Bremen, blotting or packing paper was sold in reams of 300 (20 quires of 15 sheets). A mid-19th century Milanese-Italian dictionary has an example for a ""risma"" (ream) as being either 450 or 480 sheets. In the UK in 1914, paper was sold using the following reams: Reams of 500 sheets were mostly used only for newsprint. Since the late 20th century,"
"from quire to quire and the first half of each quire the leaves are numbered (2nd, 3rd, 4th). The original order of books was: Pauline epistles, Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, Revelation of John, Gospels. The Pauline epistles precede Acts of the Apostles (like in Codex Sinaiticus). This order was changed by a binder: Gospels, Pauline epistles, Acts, Catholic epistles, and Apocalypse. The text of Rev 18:7-19:10 is a fragmentary. It has some non-biblical additional material like: ""An explanation of the Creed and the Seven Councils"" (fol. 159v), the ""Lives of the Apostles"" (fol. 160v), ""Limits of the Five"
"Crazy Quilt (solitaire) Crazy Quilt (also known as Indian Carpet and Japanese Rug) is a solitaire card game using two decks of 52 playing cards each. The game is so-called because the reserve resembles the weaves of a carpet or an arrangement of a quilt. The arrangement of the cards on the reserve is also the reason it is rarely seen on computer solitaire packages, most of which have their cards placed vertically. First, one Ace and one King of each suit are taken out to form the foundations. The rest of the cards are shuffled, and 64 cards are"
"group of 4 leaves (called a ""gathering"" or ""quire"") could be sewn through the central fold to attach it to the other gatherings to form a book. Sometimes, additional leaves would be inserted within another group to form, for example gatherings of 8 leaves, which similarly would be sewn through the central fold. Generally, quartos have more squarish proportions than folios or octavos. There are variations in how quartos were produced. For example, bibliographers call a book printed as a quarto (four leaves per full sheet), but bound in gatherings of 8 leaves each, a ""quarto in 8s."" The actual"
"is catalogued under call number MS 408. The codicology, or physical characteristics of the manuscript, has been studied by researchers. The manuscript measures , with hundreds of vellum pages collected into 18 quires. The total number of pages is around 240, but the exact number depends on how the manuscript's unusual foldouts are counted. The quires have been numbered from 1 to 20 in various locations, using numerals consistent with the 1400s, and the top righthand corner of each recto (righthand) page has been numbered from 1 to 116, using numerals of a later date. From the various numbering gaps"
"Quilling Quilling or paper filigree is an art form that involves the use of strips of paper that are rolled, shaped, and glued together to create decorative designs. The paper is rolled, looped, curled, twisted and otherwise manipulated to create shapes which make up designs to decorate greetings cards, pictures, boxes, eggs, and to make models, jewelry, mobiles etc. Quilling starts with rolling a strip of paper into a coil and then pinching the coil into shapes that can be glued together. There are advanced techniques and different sized paper that are used to create 3D miniatures, abstract art, and"
"manuscript. First the membrane must be prepared. The first step is to set up the quires. The quire is a group of several sheets put together. Raymond Clemens and Timothy Graham point out, in ""Introduction to Manuscript Studies"", that ""the quire was the scribe’s basic writing unit throughout the Middle Ages"": ""Pricking is the process of making holes in a sheet of parchment (or membrane) in preparation of it ruling. The lines were then made by ruling between the prick marks...The process of entering ruled lines on the page to serve as a guide for entering text. Most manuscripts were"
"where the membrane was folded so that it turned out an eight-leaf quire, with single leaves in the third and sixth positions. The next stage was tacking the quire. Tacking is when the scribe would hold together the leaves in quire with thread. Once threaded together, the scribe would then sew a line of parchment up the ""spine"" of the manuscript, as to protect the tacking. Codex A codex () (from the Latin ""caudex"" for ""trunk of a tree"" or ""block of wood"", ""book""), plural ""codices"" (), is a book constructed of a number of sheets of paper, vellum, papyrus,"
"quires with six cancel leaves interposed in between. The six cancels come from different stock paper than the main quires. They are wider, cut more irregularly and slightly shorter at the spine than the main quires. Such differences suggest that these six leaves were inserted after the completion of the two main quires. The first and second quires correspond to ""Part 1"" and ""Part 2"" of Henry IV respectively, and the six cancel leaves in between contain transitional scenes that Dering reworked after the manuscript’s initial preparation. Two hands contributed to the composition of the Dering Manuscript, known as Hand"
"volume, arranged in quires of five sheets or ten leaves each, similar to the Codex Marchalianus or Codex Rossanensis; but unlike the Codex Sinaiticus which has an arrangement of four or three sheets. The number of the quires is often found in the margin. Originally it must have been composed of 830 parchment leaves, but it appears that 71 leaves have been lost. Currently, the Old Testament consists of 617 sheets and the New Testament of 142 sheets. The parchment is fine and thin. The actual size of the pages is ; although the original was bigger. The codex is"
"one side and comparatively lighter color on the other side. With two-tone paper the color remains same, however the intensity of color is different. The main use of this quilling paper is to provide a desired level of softness to the quilled subject. It possesses the capacity to quill many papers in a single spiral. Quilling Quilling or paper filigree is an art form that involves the use of strips of paper that are rolled, shaped, and glued together to create decorative designs. The paper is rolled, looped, curled, twisted and otherwise manipulated to create shapes which make up designs"
"individual quires. Some quires show evidence of having been used or read independently before being bound together. For instance, the beginning of the ""Alliterative Morte Arthure"" (""AMA""), which starts quire d, has rounded edges and a ""faint grimy sheen,"" suggesting that this quire ""was left unbound for some time, absorbing the dust."" The texts in the manuscript fall into three main sections. The first (gatherings A-K) contains mainly romances interspersed with an occasional miscellaneous texts; the second (L-P) contains mainly religious texts; the third (Q) contains the ""Liber de diversis medicinis"", a collection of medical lore. The beginning of the"
"requested by the order. For example, the average calfskin can provide three and half medium sheets of writing material. This can be doubled when it is folded into two conjoint leaves, also known as a bifolium. Historians have found evidence of manuscripts where the scribe wrote down the medieval instructions now followed by modern membrane makers. The membrane is then rubbed with a round, flat object (""pouncing"") to ensure that the ink would adhere well. Once the vellum is prepared, traditionally a quire is formed of a group of several sheets. Raymond Clemens and Timothy Graham point out, in their"
"decks of A, K, Q, J, 10 and 9 with a total of 48 cards. The players then divide into two teams of three players each. The teammates sit every other seat rotating around the table so teammates don't sit next to each other. The dealer deals out all of the cards, giving every player eight cards in their hand. Most of the rules are the same as with regular Euchre, except how trump is made and how scoring is done. Both are more like bid Euchre. You bid how many tricks you can get going around the table once."
"Quadrille (patience) Quadrille, also called Captive Queens, La Française or Partner is a card game of the Patience or Solitaire type using a pack of 52 playing cards. The name Quadrille is derived from the layout of the four Queens around which the cards are built; an alternative name, Captive Queens, describes the way the Queens become ""enclosed"" as the foundations are built upon. Alluding to the name, Quadrille, Parlett describes it as ""a pleasant little pictorial which may be said to represent the dance of the cardboard court."" There are two variants: Either way, the role of the Queens"
"cm) tall, and as such does not necessarily indicate the actual printing format of the books, which may even be unknown as is the case for many modern books. These terms are discussed in greater detail in Book sizes. A quarto (from Latin ""quartō"", ablative form of ""quartus"", fourth ) is a book or pamphlet made up of one or more full sheets of paper on which 8 pages of text were printed, which were then folded two times to produce four leaves. Each leaf of a quarto book thus represents one fourth the size of the original sheet. Each"
"are the same weight paper having different cut size. However, a sheet of common copy paper that has a basis weight of does not have the same mass as the same size sheet of coarse paper (newsprint). In the former case, the standard ream is 500 sheets of paper, and in the latter, 500 sheets of paper. Here are some basic ream sizes for various types of paper. Units are inches except where noted. Sheets can be cut into four sheets, a standard for business stationery known conventionally as ""letter sized paper"". So, the ream became commonly used. The book-paper"
"that a paper manufacture expert she hired asserts that reams of paper supposedly used by Jack the Ripper to write several letters to Scotland Yard and paper purchased by Sickert's mother bear the same small-press watermark. She also claims that there are matches in the cutter's marks, which are a result of the rough cutting of each quire (or small package) for packaging. A ""quire"" was usually of 24 sheets. Though Cornwell's book sold many copies, many Ripperologists and other critics argued that Cornwell's theory was far from persuasive. Critics also note that Cornwell has said that she did not"
"Matthew. The missing names from Matthew would require an additional two folios. The second list fragment, on folio 26, contains about a fourth of the list for Luke. The list for Luke would require an additional three folios. The structure of the quire in which folio 26 occurs is such that it is unlikely that there are three folios missing between folios 26 and 27, so that it is almost certain that folio 26 is not now in its original location. There is no trace of the lists for Mark and John. The first list fragment is followed by the"