"years in print. Enid (given name) Enid ( ; ) is a feminine given name. The origin is Middle Welsh ""eneit"", meaning ""spirit, life"" (from Proto-Celtic ""*ana-ti̯o-"", compare Gaulish ""anatia"" ""souls"" attested on the Larzac tablet, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root ""*h₂enh₁-"" ""to breathe, blow""; ""cf."" the modern Welsh ""anadl"", ""breath"" or ""wind""). Alternatively Enid may be derived from ""Enaid"" or ""Enit"" meaning ""woodlark"". Enid was the Celtic goddess and Arthurian name of the 19th century following Alfred Lord Tennyson's Arthurian epic ""Idylls of the King"" (1859) and its medieval Welsh source, the ""Mabinogi"" tale of ""Geraint and Enid."" Enid"
"Welsh mythology Welsh mythology consists of both folk traditions developed in Wales, and traditions developed by the Celtic Britons elsewhere before the end of the first millennium. Like most predominately oral societies found in the prehistoric Britain, Welsh mythology and history was recorded orally by specialists such as druids (). This oral record has been lost or altered as result of outside contact and invasion over the years. Much of this altered mythology and history are preserved in medieval Welsh manuscripts which include the Red Book of Hergest, the White Book of Rhydderch, the Book of Aneirin and the Book"
"Welsh mythology in popular culture This is a list of elements of Welsh mythology that have appeared in popular culture. Afanc, a lake monster: Arawn, king of the otherworld realm of Annwn: Arianrhod, daughter of Dôn, important in the Four Branches of the Mabinogi: Blodeuwedd, wife of Lleu Llaw Gyffes: Cantre'r Gwaelod, legendary ancient sunken kingdom: Although not as famous as Atlantis, with which it has been compared by some modern authors, Cantre'r Gwaelod has featured in fiction with a Welsh flavour, notably the alternate universe Louie Knight series. In the satirical parody ""Aberystwyth Mon Amour"", a group of Druids"
"name 'Carn Cafal' is shown to come from a carn (or pile of stones) which mark the footprint of Arthur's dog Cafal. Gerald of Wales mentions numerous aspects of current Welsh mythology and folklore in his books ""Itinerarium Cambriae"" (1191) and ""Descriptio Cambriae"" (1194) While the following works are considered histories, they recount what would become a common myth of origin for the Welsh. Welsh mythology Welsh mythology consists of both folk traditions developed in Wales, and traditions developed by the Celtic Britons elsewhere before the end of the first millennium. Like most predominately oral societies found in the prehistoric"
"of Taliesin. Other works connected to Welsh mythology include the ninth century Latin historical compilation ""Historia Brittonum"" (""History of the Britons"") and Geoffrey of Monmouth's twelfth-century Latin chronicle, ""Historia Regum Britanniae"" (""History of the Kings of Britain"") as well as later folklore such as the 1908 ""The Welsh Fairy Book"" by William Jenkyn Thomas. Most mythological stories contained in the ""Mabinogion"" collection are collectively titled The Four Branches of the ""Mabinogi"", which concentrate largely on the exploits of various British deities who have been Christianised into kings and heroes. The only character to appear in every branch is Pryderi fab"
"Geoffrey's ""Historia"", as opposed to the expected Old Welsh form ""Merdin"". Annales Cambriae Annales Cambriae (Latin for The Annals of Wales) is the name given to a complex of Cambro-Latin chronicles compiled or derived from diverse sources at St David's in Dyfed, Wales. The earliest is a 12th-century presumed copy of a mid-10th century original; later editions were compiled in the 13th century. Despite the name, the ""Annales Cambriae"" record not only events in Wales, but also events in Ireland, Cornwall, England, Scotland and sometimes further afield, though the focus of the events recorded especially in the later two-thirds of"
"the oldest surviving Welsh works of poetry. The name Mabinogion is a convenient label for a collection eleven prose stories collated from two medieval Welsh manuscripts known as the White book of Rhydderch (""Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch"") (c. 1350) and the Red Book of Hergest (""Llyfr Coch Hergest"") (1382–1410). They are written in Middle Welsh, the common literary language between the end of the eleventh century and the fourteenth century. They include the four tales that form Pedair Cainc y Mabinogi (""The Four Branches of the Mabinogi""). The tales draw on pre-Christian Celtic mythology, international folktale motifs, and early medieval historical"
"Alison Bielski Alison Joy Bielski (""née"" Prosser, previously Treverton-Jones; 24 November 1925 – 9 July 2014), was a Welsh poet and writer, whose works included the ""Flower Legends of Wales"" and ""Tales and Traditions of Tenby"". She has also published several booklets on local history, including ""Flower Legends of Wales"" in 1974, ""Tales and Traditions of Tenby"" in 1981 and ""The Story of St Mellons"" in 1985. Between 1969 and 1974 Bielski was also the honorary joint secretary of the English-language section of Yr Academi Gymreig, the national association of writers in Wales. She was born on 24 November 1925"
"of the Arthurian legend and the traditional history of post-Roman Britain. Other sources of Welsh folklore include the 9th-century Latin historical compilation ""Historia Britonum"" (the History of the Britons) and Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th-century Latin chronicle ""Historia Regum Britanniae"" (the History of the Kings of Britain), as well as later folklore, such as ""The Welsh Fairy Book"" by W. Jenkyn Thomas. Wales can claim one of the oldest unbroken literary traditions in Europe. The literary tradition of Wales stretches back to the sixth century and includes Geoffrey of Monmouth and Gerald of Wales, regarded by historian John Davies as among"
"Tylwyth Teg Tylwyth Teg (Middle Welsh for ""Fair Family"" ) is the most usual term in Wales for the mythological creatures corresponding to the fairy folk of English and Continental folklore and the Irish ""Aos Sí"". Other names for them include Bendith y Mamau (""Blessing of the Mothers""), Gwyllion and Ellyllon. The term ""tylwyth teg"" is first attested in a poem attributed to the fourteenth-century Dafydd ap Gwilym, in which the principal character gets perilously but comically lost while going to visit his girlfriend: """"Hudol gwan yn ehedeg, | hir barthlwyth y Tylwyth Teg"" (""(The) weak enchantment (now) flees, /"
"are on the whole modern ascriptions. The eleven tales are not adjacent in either of the main early manuscript sources, the White Book of Rhydderch (c. 1375) and the Red Book of Hergest (c. 1400), and indeed ""Breuddwyd Rhonabwy"" is absent from the White Book. The Four Branches of the ""Mabinogi"" (""Pedair Cainc y Mabinogi"") are the most clearly mythological stories contained in the ""Mabinogion"" collection. Pryderi appears in all four, though not always as the central character. Also included in Lady Guest's compilation are five stories from Welsh tradition and legend: The tales ""Culhwch and Olwen"" and ""The Dream"
"and on film, and continue to inspire many reinterpretations in artwork and modern fiction. The ""Mabinogi"" are known as the Four Branches of the ""Mabinogi, or Pedair Cainc y ""Mabinogi in Welsh. The tales were compiled from oral tradition in the 11thC. They survived in private family libraries via mediaeval manuscripts, of which two main versions and some fragments still survive today. Early modern scholarship of the ""Mabinogi"" saw the tales as a garbled Welsh mythology which prompted attempts to salvage or reconstruct them. Since the 1970s the tales have become recognised as a complex secular literature, with powerfully explored"
"woman, who chooses Pwyll, prince of Dyfed (west Wales), as her consort: Welsh mythology in popular culture This is a list of elements of Welsh mythology that have appeared in popular culture. Afanc, a lake monster: Arawn, king of the otherworld realm of Annwn: Arianrhod, daughter of Dôn, important in the Four Branches of the Mabinogi: Blodeuwedd, wife of Lleu Llaw Gyffes: Cantre'r Gwaelod, legendary ancient sunken kingdom: Although not as famous as Atlantis, with which it has been compared by some modern authors, Cantre'r Gwaelod has featured in fiction with a Welsh flavour, notably the alternate universe Louie Knight"
"collection of triads, which he claimed to have taken from his own collection of manuscripts. Some of his triads are similar to those found in the medieval manuscripts, but some are unique to Morganwg, and are widely believed to have been of his own invention. Welsh Triads The Welsh Triads (, ""Triads of the Island of Britain"") are a group of related texts in medieval manuscripts which preserve fragments of Welsh folklore, mythology and traditional history in groups of three. The triad is a rhetorical form whereby objects are grouped together in threes, with a heading indicating the point of"
"Annales Cambriae Annales Cambriae (Latin for The Annals of Wales) is the name given to a complex of Cambro-Latin chronicles compiled or derived from diverse sources at St David's in Dyfed, Wales. The earliest is a 12th-century presumed copy of a mid-10th century original; later editions were compiled in the 13th century. Despite the name, the ""Annales Cambriae"" record not only events in Wales, but also events in Ireland, Cornwall, England, Scotland and sometimes further afield, though the focus of the events recorded especially in the later two-thirds of the text is Wales. The principal versions of ""Annales Cambriae"" appear"
"Englynion y Beddau The Englynion y Beddau () is a Middle Welsh verse catalogue listing the resting places (""beddau"") of legendary heroes. It consists of a series of ""englynion"", or short stanzas in quantitative meter, and survives in a number of manuscripts. The collection is thought to be considerably older than its earliest manuscript, the 13th-century Black Book of Carmarthen, and provides an important early glimpse at medieval Welsh heroic tradition and topographical folklore. The stanzas, or more specifically, englynion, are transmitted in four classes of medieval Welsh manuscripts and later transcripts. The earliest, best known and most reliable version"
"Hu Gadarn Hu Gadarn () is a supposed Welsh legendary figure who appears in several of a series of Welsh Triads produced by the Welsh antiquarian and literary forger Iolo Morganwg. These triads, which Iolo put forth as medieval works, present Hu as a culture hero of the ancient Britons who introduced ploughing. However, it is now known that the triads, like all of the so-called ""Third Series"" of triads, were fabricated by Iolo himself. The name ""Hu Gadarn"" earlier appeared in a Welsh translation of a French romance about Charlemagne. Still, Iolo's version of Hu Gadarn was taken up"
"Welsh myth or history, perhaps all except Eilonwy and Taran. There are several characters named Gurgi in Welsh legend, the most important of whom was Peredur's brother. In Disney's animated version of ""The Black Cauldron"", Gurgi is portrayed as a small anthropomorphic dog-like creature. The voice was provided by actor/impressionist John Byner. There used to be a restaurant in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom named after Gurgi, Gurgi's Munchies and Crunchies, in Fantasyland. It closed in 1993. To this date it has been one of only two vendor/attraction with a Black Cauldron theme at any Disney theme park. The other"
"The earliest surviving collection of the Welsh Triads is bound in the manuscript ""Peniarth 16"", now at the National Library of Wales, which has been dated to the third quarter of the 13th century and contains 46 of the 96 triads collated by Rachel Bromwich. Other important manuscripts include ""Peniarth 45"" (written about 1275), and the pair White Book of Rhydderch (Welsh: ""Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch"") and Red Book of Hergest (Welsh: ""Llyfr Coch Hergest""), which share a common version clearly different from the version behind the collections in the Peniarth manuscripts. The 18th century Welsh antiquarian Iolo Morganwg compiled a"
"between ""The Tale of Beren and Lúthien"", one of the main cycles of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""legendarium"", and ""Culhwch and Olwen"". Culhwch and Olwen Culhwch and Olwen () is a Welsh tale that survives in only two manuscripts about a hero connected with Arthur and his warriors: a complete version in the Red Book of Hergest, ca. 1400, and a fragmented version in the White Book of Rhydderch, ca. 1325. It is the longest of the surviving Welsh prose tales. The prevailing view among scholars was that the present version of the text was composed by the 11th century,"
"and traditions from English folklore. English mythology English mythology is the collection of myths that have emerged throughout the history of England, sometimes being elaborated upon by successive generations, and at other times being rejected and replaced by other explanatory narratives. These narratives consist of folk traditions developed in England after the Norman Conquest, integrated with traditions from Anglo-Saxon mythology, Christian mythology, and Celtic mythology. Elements of the Matter of Britain and Welsh mythology which relate directly to England are included, such as the foundation myth of Brutus of Troy and the Arthurian legends, but these are combined with narratives"
"illuminated version of the Canterbury Tales, known as the Hengwrt Chaucer. A list of Welsh Law manuscripts Peniarth Manuscripts The Peniarth Manuscripts, also known as the Hengwrt–Peniarth Manuscripts, are a collection of medieval Welsh manuscripts now held by the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth. The collection was originally assembled by Robert Vaughan (""c.""1592–1667) of Hengwrt, Merionethshire, and in the 19th century was housed in Peniarth Mansion, Llanegryn, Merioneth. It contains some of the oldest and most important Welsh manuscripts in existence. The collection was sold in 1898 by William Wynne VII of Peniarth to Sir John Williams. When the"
"lords, the Kings of Gwent, the Earls of Pembroke, and the bard Rhys Goch, and contains descriptions of the heraldry of various lines. Book of Baglan The Book of Baglan (""Llyfr Baglan"" in Welsh) is a collection of old Welsh manuscripts, containing much genealogical data, compiled by John Williams from several sources between 1600 and 1607. It was transcribed from the original manuscript preserved in the public library at Cardiff, and edited by Joseph Bradney with explanatory notes for reprinting in 1910. It is also available at the National Library of Wales on microfilm. It is considered a valuable reference"
"English mythology English mythology is the collection of myths that have emerged throughout the history of England, sometimes being elaborated upon by successive generations, and at other times being rejected and replaced by other explanatory narratives. These narratives consist of folk traditions developed in England after the Norman Conquest, integrated with traditions from Anglo-Saxon mythology, Christian mythology, and Celtic mythology. Elements of the Matter of Britain and Welsh mythology which relate directly to England are included, such as the foundation myth of Brutus of Troy and the Arthurian legends, but these are combined with narratives from the Matter of England"
"and legend. The children of Llŷr (""Sea"" = Irish Ler) in the Second and Third Branches, and the children of Dôn (Danu in Irish and earlier Indo-European tradition) in the Fourth Branch are major figures, but the tales themselves are not primary mythology. While further mythological names and references appear elsewhere in Welsh narrative and tradition, especially in the tale of ""Culhwch and Olwen"", where we find, for example, Mabon ap Modron (""Divine Son of the Divine Mother""), and in the collected Welsh Triads, not enough is known of the British mythological background to reconstruct either a narrative of creation"
"Popular Tales of the West Highlands Popular Tales of the West Highlands is a four-volume collection of fairy tales, collected and published by John Francis Campbell, and often translated from Gaelic. Alexander Carmichael was one of the main contributors. The collection in four volumes was first published in 1860–62 in Edinburgh. A new edition (with different pagination) appeared under the auspices of the Islay Association in 1890–93. Campbell dedicated the work in 1860 to the son of my Chief, the Marquess of Lorne. Volume IV, subtitled ""Postscript"", contained miscellany. The greater part of it was devoted to commentary on the"
"as ""ái"" in Irish, and ""awen"" in Welsh. The Welsh ""cyfarwyddiaid"" were thus considered ""awnyddion"", able to deliver prophetic speech in a possessed state of ""awen"". This is not the only ritual practice that evolved around Welsh folklore, as other customs have originated from the tales themselves. Folk tales and legends have also survived through retellings by common people. Storytelling could and does occur in many different forms: ""gossip, games, dancing, and the reciting of riddles, tongue-twisters, nursery-rhymes, harp-stanzas, folk-songs and ballads."" Common occasions for telling folk narratives were the ""nosweithiau llawen"" (or ""merry evenings,"" similar to a céilidh), ""nosweithiau"
"Maelor Gawr Maelor Gawr is an early Celtic king and giant of Welsh folklore, who lived in Castell Maelor, Pen Dinas also known as (Dinas Maelor) in Penparcau, a village near Aberystwyth before ""the coming of Brutus to this island"". The tale of Maelor and his three sons, Cornippyn, Crygyn and Bwba, is recorded in the late sixteenth century Welsh text """"Olion Cewri Cymru..."""" (""""The Giants of Wales and their dwellings"""") by Sion Dafydd Rhys (with the antiquarian spelling ""Maylor Gawr""). It came to pass that Maelor was captured in the cwmwd of Cyfeiliog, about twelve miles from his own"
"collection, and are likely based on the romances of Chrétien de Troyes (though it is possible that they may have had a common Celtic source). See the above section on ""The Three Romances"" in The Mabinogion for details on these tales. Includes folk tales, legends, traditions and anecdotes. The ""cyfarwyddiaid"" (singular: ""cyfarwydd"", ""storyteller""), were members of the bardic order in Wales. The only historical ""cyfarwydd"" known by name is Bledri ap Cydifor ('Bledericus Walensis', 'Bleherus'). The ""cyfawyddiaid"" were considered a learned class with duties and an education that exceeded that of a common poet. They were court officials with extensive"
"by the giants of Bron Wrgan, leading to Arthur's attack on the abode to free his brothers-in-law. The traditional Welsh name for Stonehenge is Côr y Cewri or ""Council of the Giants"". Giants (Welsh folklore) Giants or cewri feature prominently in Welsh folklore and mythology. Among the most notable are Bendigeidfran fab Llyr, a mythological king of Britain during the Second Branch of the Mabinogi, Idris Gawr of Cader Idris, and Ysbaddaden Bencawr, the chief antagonist of the early Arthurian tale ""How Culhwch won Olwen"". Both Arthur and Gwalchmai fab Gwyar feature prominently as giant-slayers in Welsh tradition. In the"
"Taliesin and the same phrase is repeated in a poem by Llywelyn Fardd. Llefelys Llefelys (Middle Welsh orthography ""Llevelys"", ""Lleuelys"", ""Llefelis"") is a character in Welsh mythology appearing in the medieval Welsh tale ""Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys"". In the tale, Llefelys is king of France while his brother Lludd is king of Britain. The tale appears in the Red Book of Hergest and the White Book of Rhydderch, the source texts for the ""Mabinogion"", and embedded into various versions of the ""Brut y Brenhinedd"", the Welsh adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's ""Historia Regum Britanniae"". The name Llefelys seems to have"
"Seven Wonders of Wales The Seven Wonders of Wales () is a traditional list of notable landmarks in north Wales, commemorated in an anonymously written rhyme: The rhyme is usually supposed to have been written sometime in the late 18th or early 19th century by an English visitor to North Wales. The specific number of wonders may have varied over the years: the antiquary Daines Barrington, in a letter written in 1770, refers to Llangollen Bridge as one of the ""five wonders of Wales, though like the seven wonders of Dauphiny, they turn out to be no wonders at all"
"o Gymru (Legends from Wales series), Cyfres Llyffantod (Hoppers series), and Cyfres Clwb Cysgu Cŵl (Sleepover Club series), Sali Mali, Tudur Budr (Dirty Bertie), Helpwch Eich Plentyn (Help Your Child), Cyfres Lolipop (Lollypop series) as well as a wide range of titles by prolific author and poet T. Llew Jones. From 2000 to 2012, at least six Gwasg Gomer publications have won one of the two annual Welsh-language Tir na n-Og Awards. Gomer publishes the work of a number of the Welsh language's eminent literary figures, past and present, such as Islwyn Ffowc Elis, T. Rowland Hughes, Gwenallt, Hywel Teifi"