"debut, she was featured in ""Sensation Comics"" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942). Wonder Woman took her place beside the extant superheroines or antiheroes Fantomah, Black Widow, Invisible Scarlet O'Neil, and Canada's Nelvana of the Northern Lights. Until his death in 1947, Dr. William Moulton Marston was credited with writing all of the Wonder Woman stories; however, later in life, he hired assistant Joye Hummel to ghostwrite stories for him. H. G. Peter penciled the book in a simplistic yet easily identifiable style. Armed with bulletproof bracelets, a magic lasso,"
"of the polygraph, when he subsequently embarked on a career in entertainment and comic book writing and appeared as a salesman in ads for Gillette Razors, using a polygraph motif. From his psychological work, Marston became convinced that women were more honest than men in certain situations and could work faster and more accurately. During his lifetime, Marston championed the latent abilities and causes of the women of his day. Marston was also a writer of essays in popular psychology. In 1928, he published ""Emotions of Normal People,"" which elaborated the DISC Theory. Marston viewed people behaving along two axes,"
"pressure test, which became one component of the modern polygraph invented by John Augustus Larson in Berkeley, California. Marston's wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, suggested a connection between emotion and blood pressure to William, observing that, ""[w]hen she got mad or excited, her blood pressure seemed to climb"". Although Elizabeth is not listed as Marston's collaborator in his early work, Lamb, Matte (1996), and others refer directly and indirectly to Elizabeth's own work on her husband's research. She also appears in a picture taken in his laboratory in the 1920s (reproduced by Marston, 1938). Marston set out to commercialize Larson's invention"
"Leonarde Keeler Leonarde Keeler (October 30, 1903 – September 20, 1949) was the co-inventor of the polygraph. He was named after the polymath Leonardo da Vinci, and preferred to be called as 'Nard.' He was a Berkeley high school student and amateur magician. He was captivated by John Larson’s machine - his so-called 'cardio-pneumo psychogram,' capable of detecting deception, and worked on it to produce the modern polygraph. He was born in 1903 in North Berkeley, California. While in high school, he worked for the Berkeley Police Department for the Chief of Police August Vollmer. He was a keen assistant"
"the polygraph test. In 1921, William received his PhD from Harvard and Marston her MA from Radcliffe. Although Marston is not listed as William's collaborator in his early work, a number of writers refer directly and indirectly to Elizabeth's work on her husband's deception research. She appears in a picture taken in his polygraph laboratory in the 1920s, reproduced in a 1938 publication by William. Marston's career included indexing ""the documents of the first fourteen Congresses, lectur[ing] on law, ethics, and psychology at American and New York Universities, [and] serv[ing] as an editor for ""Encyclopædia Britannica"" and ""McCall's"". In 1933,"
"skin conductivity, to make a comprehensive lie detection tool. He was also highly encouraged by his police chief August Vollmer. At the time of the invention of the polygraph, Larson was a 21-year-old medical student at the University of California, Berkeley. He later entered the field of forensic psychiatry. The instrument, with its diverse collection of physiological indices, became known as the polygraph, which Larson then fully developed for forensic use in 1921, and applied it in police investigations at the Berkeley Police Department. His instrument provided continuous readings of blood pressure, rather than discontinuous readings of the sort found"
"of a modification of an Erlanger Sphygmomanometer. Larson married Margaret Taylor, the freshman victim of the College Hall case and the first person he ever interrogated on the lie detector. Over the next fifteen years, he collected hundreds of files on successful criminal cases where his polygraph solved murders, robberies, thefts and sex crimes. His instrument was nicknamed 'Sphyggy' by the press who covered Larson’s crime solving escapades in the 1920s and 30's; Sphyggy because they couldn’t pronounce 'Sphygmomanometer.' The polygraph is considered officially one of the greatest inventions of all time. It is included in the Encyclopædia Britannica Almanac"
"interview conducted by former student Olive Byrne (under the pseudonym 'Olive Richard') and published in ""Family Circle"", titled ""Don't Laugh at the Comics"", William Moulton Marston described what he saw as the great educational potential of comic books (a follow up article was published two years later in 1942.) This article caught the attention of comics publisher Max Gaines, who hired Marston as an educational consultant for National Periodicals and All-American Publications, two of the companies that would merge to form the future DC Comics. At that time, Marston decided to develop a new superhero. In the early 1940s the"
"in Marston's device. The first practical use was in the summer of 1921. The ""San Francisco Call and Post"" arranged for Larson to use the apparatus to test William Hightower, accused of murdering a priest in San Francisco. The newspaper reported Larson’s findings the following morning: Hightower was pronounced guilty by impartial science. The graphic results of the interrogation were printed large across the page, with arrows marking each presumed lie. Vollmer exalted the machine to the press, which renamed it the 'lie detector.' However, Larson himself used to refer to his apparatus as a 'cardio-pneumo psychogram,' which basically consisted"
"combined with appeals from a religious leader. In the high-profile disappearance of 7-year-old Danielle van Dam of San Diego in 2002, police suspected neighbor David Westerfield; he became the prime suspect when he allegedly failed a polygraph test. He was ultimately tried and convicted of kidnapping and first degree murder. Polygraph A polygraph, popularly referred to as a lie detector test, is a device or procedure that measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while a person is asked and answers a series of questions. The belief underpinning the use of the"
"blood pressure for police cases, a 1904 device by Vittorio Benussi used to measure breathing, and an abandoned project by American William Moulton Marston which used blood pressure to examine German prisoners of war (POWs). Marston’s machine indicated a strong positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and lying. Marston wrote a second paper on the concept in 1915, when finishing his undergraduate studies. He entered Harvard Law School and graduated in 1918, re-publishing his earlier work in 1917. Marston's main inspiration for the device was his wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston. ""According to Marston’s son, it was his mother Elizabeth, Marston’s"
"that greater accuracy could be obtained by making these recordings simultaneously with standard blood pressure-pulse-respiration recordings. Lie detection has a long history in mythology and fairy tales; the polygraph has allowed modern fiction to use a device more easily seen as scientific and plausible. Notable instances of polygraph usage include uses in crime and espionage themed television shows and some daytime television talk shows, cartoons and films. The most notable polygraph TV show is ""Lie Detector"", which first aired in the 1950s created and hosted by Ralph Andrews. In the 1960s Andrews produced a series of specials hosted by Melvin"
"Marston had written many articles and books on various psychological topics, but his last six years of writing were devoted to his comics creation. William Moulton Marston died of cancer on May 2, 1947, in Rye, New York, seven days shy of his 54th birthday. After his death, Elizabeth and Olive continued to live together until Olive's death in 1985, aged 81; Elizabeth died in 1993, aged 100. In 1985, Marston was posthumously named as one of the honorees by DC Comics in the company's 50th anniversary publication ""Fifty Who Made DC Great"". William Moulton Marston's philosophy of diametric opposites"
"on the lie detector as well as Elizabeth and Olive in real life, and intend to support the feminist movement to further equal rights for women through a populist medium. He pitches his ideas to Max Gaines, then publisher at National Periodical Publications (today DC Comics), who ultimately accepts the comic and suggests simplifying the female superhero's name to ""Wonder Woman"". ""Wonder Woman"" is an instant hit, leading to prosperity for the Marstons/Byrne family. However, one day, their neighbor Mary wanders into their home by coincidence and walks into the three of them having sex. This incident leads to their"
"was magical"". Similarly, Jonathan Rosenbaum stated that ""she subtly subverted the sexist content of her material"" and that ""the difficulty some people have discerning Monroe's intelligence as an actress seems rooted in the ideology of a repressive era, when superfeminine women weren't supposed to be smart"". Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer. Famous for playing comic ""blonde bombshell"" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality. Although she was a"
"She received her BA in psychology from Mount Holyoke College in 1915 and her LLB from the Boston University School of Law in 1918, where she was ""one of three women to graduate from the School of Law that year."" Both William and Marston joined the psychology department at Harvard, with William in the doctoral program and Marston in the master's program at Radcliffe College. She worked with William on his thesis, which concerned the correlation between blood pressure levels and deception. He later developed this into the systolic blood-pressure test used to detect deception that was the predecessor to"
"years in combating.” John Augustus Larson John Augustus Larson (11 December 1892 – 1 October 1965) was a Police Officer for Berkeley, California, United States, and famous for his invention of modern polygraph used in forensic investigations. He was the first American police officer having an academic doctorate and to use polygraph in criminal investigations. After a famed career in criminal investigation, he died of heart attack in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 72. Larson was born in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Canada, of Nordic parents. His family moved to New England in his early childhood, though his parents soon"
"for BBC Radio 4, ""Bump in the Night"" (1971) and ""Charity begins at Home"" (1992). Colin Watson (writer) Colin Watson (1920–1983) was a British writer of detective fiction and the creator of characters such as Inspector Purbright and Lucilla Teatime. He is most famous for the twelve Flaxborough novels, typified by their comic and dry wit and set in a fictional small town in England which is closely based on Boston, Lincolnshire. He worked as a journalist in Lincolnshire and the characters in his books are said to be highly recognisable caricatures of people he encountered in his work. His"
"praised Robinson's direction and the performances of its stars. The story is told in flashbacks set during a 1945 testimony that William Moulton Marston gives to representatives of the Child Study Association of America. In the year 1928, William and his wife Elizabeth teach and work on their research at the associated Harvard and Radcliffe Colleges. One day, William hires one of his students, Olive Byrne (daughter of Ethel Byrne and niece of Margaret Sanger – two famous suffragists and feminists of the 20th century) as a research assistant. Olive aids in the Marstons' work in inventing the lie detector"
"the subject is asked and answers a series of questions, in the belief that deceptive answers will produce physiological responses that can be differentiated from those associated with non-deceptive answers. The polygraph was invented in 1921 by John Augustus Larson, a medical student at the University of California at Berkeley and a police officer of the Berkeley Police Department in Berkeley, California. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, the polygraph was on its 2003 list of the 325 greatest inventions. 1921 Flowchart A flowchart is common type of chart, representing an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds,"
"Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer. Famous for playing comic ""blonde bombshell"" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality. Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962 (equivalent to $ billion in ). More than half a century later, she continues to be a major popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los"
"Louise Chandler Moulton Louise Chandler Moulton (April 10, 1835 - August 10, 1908) was an American poet, story-writer and critic. Contributing poems and stories of power and grace to the leading magazines, ""Harper's Magazine"", ""The Atlantic"", ""The Galaxy"", the first ""Scribner's"", she also published a half-dozen very successful books for children, ""Bedtime Stories"", ""Firelight Stories"", ""Stories Told at Twilight"", and others that were considered popular in their day. She collected a few of her many adult tales into volumes, ""Miss Eyre of Boston"" and ""Some Women's Hearts"". It is in Boston that she did the greater part of her work,"
"2003's list of 325 greatest inventions. This first polygraph instrument of Larson is now at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.. It first appeared in action in a moving picture in 1926 in the silent police serial ‘’Officer 444’’. Due to differing methods of using his device that Larson felt were incorrect and abusive by some law enforcement, later in life he eventually came to regret having invented the polygraph. Not long before passing away, Larson himself scribed: “Beyond my expectation, thru uncontrollable factors, this scientific investigation became for practical purposes a Frankenstein’s monster, which I have spent over 40"
"John Augustus Larson John Augustus Larson (11 December 1892 – 1 October 1965) was a Police Officer for Berkeley, California, United States, and famous for his invention of modern polygraph used in forensic investigations. He was the first American police officer having an academic doctorate and to use polygraph in criminal investigations. After a famed career in criminal investigation, he died of heart attack in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 72. Larson was born in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Canada, of Nordic parents. His family moved to New England in his early childhood, though his parents soon divorced. He studied"
"DC line was dominated by superpowered male characters such as the Green Lantern, Batman, and its flagship character, Superman. According to the Fall 2001 issue of the Boston University alumni magazine, it was his wife Elizabeth Hollowy's idea to create a female superhero. Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines, cofounder (along with Jack Liebowitz) of All-American Publications. Given the go-ahead, Marston developed ""Wonder Woman"" with Elizabeth (whom Marston believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman). In creating Wonder Woman, Marston was also inspired by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a polygamous/polyamorous relationship."
"scoring method, as opposed to computerized techniques, as they may more easily defend their own evaluations. The polygraph was invented in 1921 by John Augustus Larson, a medical student at the University of California, Berkeley and a police officer of the Berkeley Police Department in Berkeley, California. Further work on the device was done by Leonarde Keeler. As Larson's protege, Keeler updated the device by making it portable and added the galvanic skin response to it in 1939. His device was then purchased by the FBI, and served as the prototype of the modern polygraph. In some countries, polygraphs are"
"William Jennings Demorest William Jennings Demorest (aka W. Jennings Demorest) (1822–1895), from New York City, was an American magazine publisher, national prohibition leader, and, in collaboration with his second wife, Ellen Demorest, née Curtis, attained international success from his wife's development of paper patterns for sewing fashion apparel of the day. Together, they built a fashion manufacturing and merchandising empire from it. He and his wife launched five magazines and started a cosmetics company. He individually patented a sewing machine and a velocipede. Demorest harbored lifelong political and religious aspirations. He is widely known for being a Prohibition activist and"
"by superpowered male characters such as the Green Lantern, Batman, and its flagship character, Superman. The first widely recognizable female superhero is Wonder Woman, created by William Moulton Marston for All-American Publications, one of three companies that would merge to form DC Comics. Marston intended the character to be a strong female role-model for girls, with ""all the strength of Superman plus all the allure of a good and beautiful woman."" Female characters in early science fiction films such as Barbarella (1968) were often portrayed as simple sex kittens. Professor Sherrie Inness has said that the portrayals of tough women"
"Ruth Atkinson Ruth Atkinson Ford, née Ruth Atkinson and a.k.a. R. Atkinson (June 2, 1918 – June 1, 1997), was an American cartoonist and pioneering female comic book writer-artist who created the long-running Marvel Comics character Millie the Model and co-created Patsy Walker. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ruth Atkinson as an infant moved with her family to upstate New York. One of the first female artists in American comic books, she entered the field doing work for the publisher Fiction House beginning either 1942 or 1943, and either on staff or, as noted by the Connecticut Historical Society, through"
"#12, #16, #18, #19, #20, #21, #22 Boy Loves Girl (1952) #25, #26, #28 A Century of Women Cartoonists (1993) - Chapters 4, 5 Ruth Atkinson Ruth Atkinson Ford, née Ruth Atkinson and a.k.a. R. Atkinson (June 2, 1918 – June 1, 1997), was an American cartoonist and pioneering female comic book writer-artist who created the long-running Marvel Comics character Millie the Model and co-created Patsy Walker. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ruth Atkinson as an infant moved with her family to upstate New York. One of the first female artists in American comic books, she entered the field doing"
"birthday. He had puzzles published under the pseudonym ""Esrom"" (his surname in reverse). In addition to crosswords, Morse had an interest in other types of word puzzles, and was a frequent contributor to """". He was also a chess writer and wrote a book called ""Chess Problems: Tasks and Records"". Colin Dexter's fictional detective, Inspector Morse, was named after him. In 1955, he married Belinda Marianne, daughter of Lt-Colonel R. B. Y. Mills, and they had three sons and two daughters (one of whom died young). Lady morse died in 2017. He was an honorary fellow of New College, Oxford,"
"to Larson who had developed a multi-tasking polygraph. After graduating from high school, he enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley in the fall of 1923. He moved shortly after that to enroll in UCLA to follow Vollmer who accepted a new job as the Chief of Police for Los Angeles. In 1924, Keeler’s first handmade polygraph instrument, which he called ""the Emotograph,"" was destroyed in a fire at his residence. On February 2, 1935, he conducted the first use of his invention, the Keeler Polygraph—otherwise known as the lie detector. Keeler used the lie detector on two criminals in"
"lie detector and the unconventional ""troika"" marriage between Dr. Marston, Elizabeth Holloway Marston and Olive Byrne are interwoven in a 2014 production, ""Lasso of Truth"". The last act engages two current-day characters discussing what Wonder Woman means to them individually, reflecting on her influence on society in general. Images of and references to Wonder Woman abound in film. The apparent first appearance of the character was in the 1969 film ""Midnight Cowboy"" wherein a little girl covers her face with a copy of DC Comics' Wonder Woman #178. Later appearances have female (and male) characters of all ages appearing in"