"o'clock are numbered ""1"" to ""10"". For example (see diagram), the two kings start on e1 and e10; White's rooks start on a1 and i5, and Black's rooks start on a6 and i10. Each player calls the left-hand side of the board his ""queen's flank"" and the right-hand side his ""bishops' flank""; note that they do not correlate (White's queen's flank is Black's bishops' flank). All pieces except pawns move and capture exactly as in Gliński's chess. In Shafran's chess, a pawn's first move can take it to the middle of the file. (So, the d-, e-, and f-pawns can"
"rooks, there is only one permissible assignment to these squares — the king must go on the most central of these and the rooks on the outermost ones. Therefore there are 4×4×6×5×4x1 = 1920 possible starting positions if the two knights were different in some way; however, the two knights are indistinguishable during play (if swapped, there would be no difference), so the number of distinguishable possible positions is 1920÷2 = 960. (Half of the 960 positions are left–right mirror images of the other half; however, the Chess960 castling rules preserve left–right asymmetry during play.) Before the game, a starting"
"on their usual squares, and Black's first-row pieces to exactly mirror White's. (So, Black should have on a8 the same piece type White has on a1.) The above procedure uses an average of 6.7 die rolls. Note that one of the random positions (rolled by ""2""–""3""–""3""–""2""–""3"" or ""2""–""3""–""3""–""4""–""2"") is the standard chess starting position, at which point a standard chess game ensues. On average, the single die procedure uses 6.7 die rolls. It is straightforward to reduce the average number of dice rolls to 6.2. Instead of rerolling ""5s"" and ""6s"" until something else comes up, reroll once and (4/36)"
"play. Two to eight players can play. Played as above, with standard hand values, and with a single joker in the deck acting as a bug. It is always played with an ante and no blinds. On the first betting round, no player is allowed to open the betting unless their hand already contains a pair of jacks or a better hand. Other players who checked on the first round may subsequently call or raise if someone else opens. If no player opens, a new deal begins and everyone antes again into the same pot. The player who opened the"
"Pawn (chess) The pawn (♙,♟) is the most numerous piece in the game of chess, and in most circumstances, also the weakest. It historically represents infantry, or more particularly, armed peasants or pikemen. Each player begins a game with eight pawns, one on each square of the immediately in front of the other pieces. (The white pawns start on a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2, g2, h2; the black pawns start on a7, b7, c7, d7. e7, f7, g7, h7.) Individual pawns are referred to by the on which they stand. For example, one speaks of ""White's f-pawn"" or ""Black's"
"TeamChess (Tactical) Team Chess is both a game and a sport played by two teams (up to 16 [typically 4-6] players in each team) on a single 8 by 8 classical chess board with standard set of pieces (2×16, Whites and Blacks), using standard (or usual) chess playing rules, while control over the pieces is shared among the teammates who are not allowed to communicate with each other during the play other than via valid moves. Chess has been a game played for many centuries and it has been recognized as sport since the first official World Chess Championship match"
"""R"" = ""R"". For the traditional chessboard (""n"" = 2), ""R"" = 4 × 3 × 1 = 12 possible arrangements with rotational symmetry. For (4""n"" + 2) × (4""n"" + 2) and (4""n"" + 3) × (4""n"" + 3) boards, the number of solutions is zero. Two cases are possible for each rook: either it stands in the centre or it doesn't stand in the centre. In the second case, this rook is included in the rook quartet that exchanges squares on turning the board at 90°. Therefore, the total number of rooks must be either 4""n"" (when there"
"start in the second ring from the centre, the knights on the third and the rooks on the outermost ring. The pawns are positioned in front of the pieces. The moves of the pieces are identical to those in orthodox chess; a queen or rook may, if it is not obstructed, move any distance round a ring, except that the ""null move"" of moving a piece all the way round the board and back to its original square is not permitted. A pawn is promoted after moving six squares from its initial position, to the square immediately before the opponent's"
"of 8). To assess the effect of the imposed limitation ""rooks must not attack each other"", let us consider the problem without such limitation. In how many ways can eight rooks be placed on an 8 × 8 chessboard? This will be the total number of combinations of 8 rooks on 64 squares: Thus, the limitation ""rooks must not attack each other"" reduces the total number of allowable positions from combinations to permutations which is a factor of about 109,776. A number of problems from different spheres of human activity can be reduced to the rook problem by giving them"
"players' scores higher than two. If an even longer game is desired, players can wrap back around to 2 after passing ace. The game is played with two decks, with two jokers per deck, giving a total of four jokers. The jokers are separated into red and black (or colloquially known as ""big"" and ""small"" respectively). Some card manufacturers will make jokers of the same color, which then have to be marked as ""red"" and ""black."" The order of the cards depends on the dominant suit and rank, which are determined before every round. The typical order, from highest to"
"Fide handbook TeamChess (Tactical) Team Chess is both a game and a sport played by two teams (up to 16 [typically 4-6] players in each team) on a single 8 by 8 classical chess board with standard set of pieces (2×16, Whites and Blacks), using standard (or usual) chess playing rules, while control over the pieces is shared among the teammates who are not allowed to communicate with each other during the play other than via valid moves. Chess has been a game played for many centuries and it has been recognized as sport since the first official World Chess"
"the given kind and place them on a chess board in such a way, that all free squares of the board are attacked by at least one piece. The minimal number of dominating kings is 9, queens - 5, rooks - 8, bishops - 8, knights - 12. To get 8 dominating rooks it is sufficient to place them on any rank, one for each file. Solutions for other pieces are provided on diagrams below. The domination problems are also sometimes formulated as to find the minimal number of pieces, which attack all squares on the board, including occupied ones."
"according to which wing they begin on, i.e. the ""king's bishop"" and ""queen's bishop"". As a consequence of its diagonal movement, each bishop always remains on either the white or black squares, and so it is also common to refer to them as ""light-squared"" or ""dark-squared"" bishops. A rook is generally worth about two pawns more than a bishop (see Chess piece relative value and the exchange). The bishop has access to only half of the squares on the board, whereas all squares of the board are accessible to the rook. On an empty board, a rook always attacks fourteen"
"occur in practical play. These endgame studies apply to both Gliński's and McCooey's variants: Starchess is a hexagonal variant invented by Hungarian chess teacher László Polgár. The board is a horizontally oriented regular hexagram, consisting of 37 numbered cells. Due to the small board, games typically finish quicker than in standard chess. Each player has five pawns, a king, knight, bishop, rook, and queen. The white pawns start at cells 5, 12, 18, 23, and 29; the black pawns at 9, 15, 20, 26, and 33. At the beginning of the game, the players place their other pieces alternately on"
"moves per game (or 20 chess move-pairs). Like chess, however, the game can be divided into the opening, middle game and endgame, each requiring a different strategy. The opening consists of arranging one's defenses usually in a castle and positioning for attack, the mid game consists of attempting to break through the opposing defenses while maintaining one's own, and the endgame starts when one side's defenses have been compromised. In the adjacent diagram, Black has chosen a Ranging Rook position (specifically Fourth File Rook) where the rook has been moved leftward away from its starting position. Additionally, Black is utilizing"
"the empress; checkmate can be forced within 11 moves. In comparison, the queen requires 10 moves and the rook requires 16. The drawing positions in the queen versus pawn endgame do not exist in the empress versus pawn endgame. Many chess variants use a rook+knight compound, but due to its powerful ability, it is uncommon for variants to use more than one per colour on a normal 8×8 board. Seirawan Chess uses one such piece (called elephant) per colour. Capablanca Chess uses one chancellor per colour on a 10×8 board. When the playing area is larger, the ratio of squares"
"checkmate White in a reasonable number of moves (agreed to before the game), otherwise White wins. Black has twenty knights, but no king. If Black does not checkmate White within 50 moves, he loses. This is Parton's first chess variant invention. The idea sprang from a dislike for weak kings: ""The king ought to be strong, not feeble, by aesthetic standards: he is the centre around which turns the whole game itself. In consequence, my Rettah monarch is the most powerful of all pieces."" Each player has two rettahs (kings) and two queens on a 10×10 board. There is no"
"the defense is difficult and there are winning positions (see Rook and bishop versus rook endgame). A rook is worth roughly two pawns plus a bishop or a knight. A bishop and knight are worth roughly a rook and a pawn, and a queen is worth a rook, a """" (bishop or knight) and a pawn (see Chess piece relative value). Three pawns are often enough to win against a minor piece, but two pawns rarely are. However, with rooks on the board, the bishop often outweighs the pawns. This is because the bishop defends against enemy rook attacks, while"
"list adds up to only the 14 listed here) and so some editions of the game may have additional Rage cards. The game can be played by 2 to 6 players. One player is the scorekeeper and uses either the special scoresheet printed in the instructions (it can be photocopied freely) or a piece of plain paper to keep score. The entire deck of cards is shuffled and cut. In the first round, 10 cards are dealt to each player. In each subsequent round one fewer card is dealt, until by the tenth and final round, each player receives only"
"rules were most recently revised in 2017. Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ' and denoted with numbers ""1"" to ""8"") and eight columns (called ' and denoted with letters ""a"" to ""h""). The colors of the 64 squares alternate and are referred to as ""light"" and ""dark"" squares. The chessboard is placed with a light square at the right-hand end of the rank nearest to each player. By convention, the game pieces are divided into white and black sets, and the players are referred to as ""White"" and ""Black"" respectively. Each player begins the"
"a piece already on the board instead of putting a new piece on the board. After all five pieces have been put on the board, the king must be placed on the middle of the three vacant back rank squares that remain. Rooks go on the other two. This approach to the opening setup has much in common with Pre-Chess, the variant in which White and Black, alternately and independently, fill in their respective back ranks. Pre-Chess could be played with the additional requirement of ending up with a legal Chess960 opening position. A chess clock could even be used"
"an awful idea. Each player has 256 Pawns and 256 pieces. The average length of a game is likely to be more [than] 2000 moves."" Betza also considered starting positions with 16 (one chess set) or 64 (four sets) pieces instead of 32 (two sets), but eventually rejected them. They are as follows: Betza also suggested ""Four Board Great Chess"", which would have more pieces than the rose that could not make their full moves on smaller boards, and having pawns on the third rank and about 24 pieces in the two rows behind them; and similarly, ""Four Board Great"
"ranks will contain only one rook as a result of the arrangement of ""n"" rooks on the board, that is, the rooks do not attack each other. The classical rooks problem immediately gives the value of ""r"", the coefficient in front of the highest order term of the rook polynomial. Indeed, its result is that 8 non-attacking rooks can be arranged on an 8 × 8 chessboard in ""r"" = 8! = 40320 ways. Let us generalize this problem by considering an ""m"" × ""n"" board, that is, a board with ""m"" ranks (rows) and ""n"" files (columns). The problem"
"is a little less than 10 points. Currently (February 2018), the No. 1 spot in both the official FIDE rating list and the live rating list is taken by Magnus Carlsen. The United States Chess Federation (USCF) uses its own classification of players: In general, a beginner is around 800, a mid-level player is around 1600, and a professional, around 2400. The ""K-factor"", in the USCF rating system, can be estimated by dividing 800 by the effective number of games a player's rating is based on (""N"") plus the number of games the player completed in a tournament (m). The"
"George and Grace recast the standard deck of playing cards. They replaced the Ace with a ""1"" and the jack, queen, and king with ""11"", ""12"", and ""13"" cards, and added a ""14"" card as well. The hearts, spades, clubs, and diamonds were replaced with ""suits"" of colors: red, yellow, green, and black. With this new fifty-six-card deck, whist and most other common card games could be faithfully played. Grace chose the name ""Rook"", and with the addition of a ""Rook"" card (serving as the Joker) the 57-card deck took its final shape. Four players are organized into two teams"
"stalemate are as in standard chess. However a pawn has no initial two-step option, and a rook can make a one-step diagonal move. Bibliography Cross Chess Cross Chess is a chess variant invented by George R. Dekle, Sr. in 1982. The game is played on a board comprising 61 cross-shaped cells, with players each having an extra rook, knight, and pawn in addition to the standard number of chess pieces. Pieces move in the context of a gameboard with hexagonal cells, but Cross Chess has its own definition of and . Cross Chess was included in ""World Game Review"" No."
"and play commences. On rare occasions where the four initial cards dealt to the board add up to 15, they are taken by the dealer and added to his scoring pile. Play commences with the person to the right of the dealer. Each player in turn attempts to match one card from their hand with one or more cards on the board to produce a total of 15. When using a traditional deck, all cards are worth their face value except for the 10 ""sota"" (""Jack"" or ""Page""), 11 ""caballo"" (""Horse"") and the 12 ""rey"" (""King""), which are reduced in"
"first rook to occupy any of the 2""n"" squares on the first file). By iterating the above formula one reaches to the case of a 2 × 2 board, on which there are 2 symmetric arrangements (on the diagonals). As a result of this iteration, the final expression is ""G"" = 2""n""! For the usual chessboard (8 × 8), ""G"" = 2 × 4! = 16 × 24 = 384 centrally symmetric arrangements of 8 rooks. One such arrangement is shown in Fig. 2. For odd-sized boards (containing 2""n"" + 1 ranks and 2""n"" + 1 files) there is always"
"stop and start counting again. For example, if White has two rooks and a knight against a lone black king, he has three moves to checkmate his opponent (the given value of 8 minus the total number of pieces, 5). If Black captures a white rook, the count does not automatically restart, unless Black is willing to do so, at his own disadvantage. However, many players do not understand this and restart the counting while fleeing the king. Here are some alternative rules, which do not apply to the standard, formal game, or have been abandoned in professional play. They"
"starting line. Castling and ""en passant"" captures are not permitted. Announcing a check is not obligatory, and ""snaffling"" (winning the game immediately by capturing the opponent's king after he either moved into or failed to move out of check) is allowed – and has on more than one occasion decided a world championship game. Orthodox chess generally assigns the pieces relative values of 9 points for a queen, 5 for a rook, 3 for a bishop or knight, and 1 for a pawn; although no attempt has been made to assign specific values for circular chess, it is certain that"
"Neither will he desire to move his own Queen, to provide the necessary target for his opponent to win by."" In ""circular"" Gryphon Chess, players have one king for the entire game as in normal chess. But the transformation sequence is changed and made circular: ""pawn→knight→bishop→rook→queen→pawn"". (So, a piece can transform any number of times without limitation.) Again, no more than four knights, four bishops, four rooks, or two queens are permitted in play at any one time. In ""simplified"" Gryphon Chess, players start with their king and eight pawns. ""The pawns change through the regular Gryphon order and terminate"
"the game alongside 4 or 5 man tablebases. Using ""ends-and-means"" heuristics a human chess player can intuitively determine optimal outcomes and how to achieve them regardless of the number of moves necessary, but a computer must be systematic in its analysis. Most players agree that looking at least five moves ahead (five plies) when necessary is required to play well. Normal tournament rules give each player an average of three minutes per move. On average there are more than 30 legal moves per chess position, so a computer must examine a quadrillion possibilities to look ahead ten plies (five full"
"(i.e. rooks are not allowed to be played on some arbitrary subset of the board's squares) computing the number of ways to place ""n"" rooks on the board is equivalent to computing the permanent of a 0–1 matrix. A precursor to the rook polynomial is the classic ""Eight rooks problem"" by H. E. Dudeney in which he shows that the maximum number of non-attacking rooks on a chessboard is eight by placing them on one of the main diagonals (Fig. 1). The question asked is: ""In how many ways can eight rooks be placed on an 8 × 8 chessboard"