"English texts, and the difference between the two terms has been debated by scholars. Scholars such as Roger Brown and Albert Gilman have suggested that ""prithee"" was an ingroup indicator. Other scholars suggest that it is simply the more deferential form. The relationship between the two is complicated by the phrase ""beseech you"", which was used in the same time period and was clearly the form used most deferentially. Although the closest Modern English equivalent of ""prithee"" is ""please"", the two terms presume different attitudes within the addressee. While ""please"" accompanies a request addressing itself to the positive desire of"
"Prithee Prithee is an archaic English interjection formed from a corruption of the phrase ""pray thee"" ([I] ask you [to]), which was initially an exclamation of contempt used to indicate a subject's triviality. The earliest recorded appearance of the word ""prithee"" according to the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1577 and the last appearance was in 1875 while it is most commonly found in works from the seventeenth century. The contraction is a form of indirect request that has disappeared from the language. ""Prithee"" is the most widely known example of second person object enclitics. Linguists consider it to have"
"in the replacement of such phrases as ""excuse me"" and ""pardon me,"" which request understanding or forgiveness, with ""I am sorry,"" which instead acknowledges the speaker's remorse. In the ""Complete Works of Shakespeare"", ""prithee"" occurs 228 times while ""pray thee"" occurs only 92 times. Prithee Prithee is an archaic English interjection formed from a corruption of the phrase ""pray thee"" ([I] ask you [to]), which was initially an exclamation of contempt used to indicate a subject's triviality. The earliest recorded appearance of the word ""prithee"" according to the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1577 and the last appearance was in"
"-tt- (else **""Prythain""). This may be explained as containing a stem *""prit-"" (Welsh ', Old Irish '; < Proto-Celtic '), meaning ""shape, form"", combined with an adjectival suffix. This leaves us with *""Pritanī"". The first known written use of the word was an ancient Greek transliteration of the original P-Celtic term. It is believed to have appeared within a periplus written in about 325 BC by the geographer and explorer Pytheas of Massalia, but no copies of this work survive. The earliest existing records of the word are quotations of the periplus by later authors, such as those within Diodorus"
"been the final step in the grammaticalisation of the verb ""pray"". The eventual use of ""prithee"" outside the ""thee""/""thou"" usage signalled its transition into a discourse particle. There has been extensive scholarship investigating the difference in usage of ""prithee"" as opposed to ""pray you"", both in terms of politeness and grammaticalisation. Because ""prithee"" eventually came to be used in the same context with the word ""you"", it is considered to have developed into a monomorpheme. ""Prithee"" was almost always used as a parenthesis in order to introduce indirect questions and requests. ""Prithee"" and ""pray you"" often coincide in Early Modern"
"Proteus In Greek mythology, Proteus (; Ancient Greek: Πρωτεύς) is an early sea-god or god of rivers and oceanic bodies of water, one of several deities whom Homer calls the ""Old Man of the Sea"". Some who ascribe to him a specific domain call him the god of ""elusive sea change"", which suggests the constantly changing nature of the sea or the liquid quality of water in general. He can foretell the future, but, in a mytheme familiar to several cultures, will change his shape to avoid having to; he will answer only to someone who is capable of capturing"
"Praeses Praeses (Latin ""praesides"") is a Latin word meaning ""placed before"" or ""at the head"". In antiquity, notably under the Roman Dominate, it was used to refer to Roman governors; it continues to see some use for various modern positions. ""Praeses"" began to be used as a generic description for provincial governors—often through paraphrases, such as ""qui praeest"" (""he who presides"")—already since the early Principate, but came in general use under the Antonines. The jurist Aemilius Macer, who wrote at the time of Caracalla (reigned 198–217), insists that the term was applied only to the governors who were also senators—thereby"
"Propylaea A propylaea, propylea or propylaia (; Greek: Προπύλαια) is any monumental gateway in ancient Greek architecture. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. The Greek Revival Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich both evoke the central portion of the Athens propylaea. The Greek word προπύλαιον ""propylaeon"" (""propylaeum"" is the Latin version) is the union of the prefix προ- ""pro-"", ""before, in front of"" plus the plural of πύλη ""pyle"" ""gate,"" meaning literally ""that which is before the gates,"" but the word has come to mean simply"
"just mean ""meadow land"". An alternative explanation is 'The high water' from the Celtic ""prid"" and the Old English ""ea"", and another alternative suggests it could come from the Welsh word preiddiau, pronounced preidhye, meaning flock or herd. In 1977 a Mesolithic hut site was excavated at Priddy. Nearby are the Priddy Circles a Stone circle or Henge monument, which appears to be contemporary with Stonehenge, i.e. Neolithic circa 2180 BC. The North Hill location of two round barrow cemeteries, Ashen Hill and Priddy Nine-Barrows which are neighbours of the Circles, would seem to imply that the area to the"
"Preterite The preterite (; abbreviated ' or ') is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past. In general, it combines the perfective aspect (event viewed as a single whole; it is not to be confused with the similarly named perfect) with the past tense, and may thus also be termed the ""perfective past"". In grammars of particular languages the preterite is sometimes called the ""past historic"", or (particularly in the Greek grammatical tradition) the ""aorist"". When the term ""preterite"" is used in relation to specific languages it may"
"medieval variations of spellings such as Predy, Priddie, Pridi, Pridia, Pridie and Prydde, is a name that has been ascribed to the Welsh influence that pre-dated the arrival of the Saxon English. It has been particularly attributed to pridd (= ""earth""). This might be suggestive of the Iron Age mining activities. The Latin words pratum (= a meadow) and praedium (= a farm) have given rise to such Alpine names as Preda and Prada and it has been suggested that they are also the root for the cymric words prydd, pryddion meaning ""production"", as with a fertile meadow. ""Priddy"" could"
"by William Shakespeare also are similar to the three Graeae. Graeae In Greek mythology the Graeae (; English translation: ""old women"", ""grey ones"", or ""grey witches""; alternatively spelled Graiai (Γραῖαι) and Graiae), also called the Grey Sisters, and the Phorcides (""daughters of Phorcys""), were three sisters who shared one eye and one tooth among them. Their names were Deino (or Dino), Enyo, and Pemphredo (or Pephredo). The word Graeae is probably derived from the adjective γραῖα ""graia"" ""old woman"", derived from the PIE root ""*ǵerh-/*ǵreh-"", ""to grow old"" via Proto-Greek ""*gera-/grau-iu"". The Graeae were daughters of the sea-deities Phorcys and"
"present in Welsh verb ""darmerth"" (*""do-ɸare-smertā""-) meaning ‘purvey’ (i.e. 'provide') and noun ""armerth"" (*""ɸare-smertā-s"") ‘provision’ as well as in Old Irish ""airmert"" (*""ɸare-smerto-m"") ‘preparation’, glossing *""smert""- as 'provide for, purvey'. Smertae The Smertae were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150. From his general description and the approximate locations of their neighbors, their territory was in the modern area of central Sutherland. Ptolemy does not provide them with a town or principal place. Their name is commemorated by ""Càrn Smeart"", an ancient burial mound on the ridge between"
"Priam In Greek mythology, Priam (; Ancient Greek: Πρίαμος, ""Príamos"", ) was the legendary king of Troy during the Trojan War. His many children included notable characters like Hector and Paris. Most scholars take the etymology of the name from the Luwian 𒉺𒊑𒀀𒈬𒀀 (Pa-ri-a-mu-a-, or “exceptionally courageous”) and was attested as the name of a man from Zazlippa, in Kizzuwatna. A similar form is attested transcribed in Greek as ""Paramoas"" near Kaisareia in Cappadocia. A popular folk etymology derives the name from the Greek verb ""priamai,"" meaning 'to buy'. This in turn gives rise to a story of Priam's sister"
"as (the Prettanic Isles). The peoples of these islands of ""Prettanike"" were called the Πρεττανοί, ""Priteni"" or ""Pretani"". ""Priteni"" is the source of the Welsh language term Prydain, ""Britain"", which has the same source as the Goidelic term Cruithne used to refer to the early Brythonic-speaking inhabitants of Ireland. The latter were later called Picts or Caledonians by the Romans. The Greco-Egyptian scientist Ptolemy referred to the larger island as ""great Britain"" (μεγάλη Βρεττανία ""megale Brettania"") and to Ireland as ""little Britain"" (μικρὰ Βρεττανία ""mikra Brettania"") in his work ""Almagest"" (147–148 AD). In his later work, ""Geography"" (c. 150 AD),"
"of Byzantium. Prasiae (Attica) Prasiae or Prasiai () was a deme of ancient Attica on the east coast, between Potamus and Steiria, with an excellent harbour, from which the Theoria or sacred procession used to sail. Here was a temple of Apollo, and also the tomb of Erysichthon of Attica, who died at this place on his return from Delos. The ruins of the deme are seen on the north-east side of the bay. The harbour, now called Porto Rafti, is the best on the eastern coast of Attica, and is both deep and capacious. The entrance of the harbour"
"Praisos Praisos (in Greek, Πραισός) is the name of an ancient Greek city in Crete. It is located in the east of the island on the peninsula of Sitia, north of the present village of Nea Presos (formerly Vaveli). The site was populated in Neolithic times, and remnants of Minoan and Mycenaean settlements have also been found. Praisos was inhabited by Eteocretans and included the temple of Dictaean Zeus. The inhabitants of Praisos believed that the Kouretes were children of Athena and Helios. The city was razed by the inhabitants of Ierapetra in 140 BCE, in a war that pitted"
"Prytaneum Prytaneum and Prytanis (Gr. root προ, first or chief). In general in ancient Greece, each state, city or village possessed its own central hearth and sacred fire, representing the unity and vitality of the community. The fire was kept alight continuously, tended by the king or members of his family. The building in which this fire was kept was the Prytaneum, and the chieftain (the king or prytanis) probably made it his residence. The word Prytanis (pl. Prytaneis) is generally applied specially to those who, after the abolition of absolute monarchy, held the chief office in the state. Rulers"
"the one located at the palace area in Pasargadae, an Achaemenid capital. A covered passage, called ""the Propylaeum"", used to face the Palace of Darius at Susa. Propylaea A propylaea, propylea or propylaia (; Greek: Προπύλαια) is any monumental gateway in ancient Greek architecture. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. The Greek Revival Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich both evoke the central portion of the Athens propylaea. The Greek word προπύλαιον ""propylaeon"" (""propylaeum"" is the Latin version) is the union of the prefix προ- ""pro-"","
"Prydain Prydain (Middle Welsh: Prydein) is the modern Welsh name for Britain. ""Prydain"" is the medieval Welsh term for the island of Britain (the name Albion was not used by the Welsh). More specifically, Prydain may refer to the Brittonic parts of the island; that is, the parts south of Caledonia. This distinction appears to derive from Roman times, when the island was divided into Roman Britain to the south and the land of the Caledonians to the North. The peoples north of the Roman borders eventually came to be known as the Picts (Welsh: ""Brithwyr""); the Welsh term for"
"Abthain Abthain (or ""abthane"") is an English or Lowland Scots form of the middle-Latin word ""abthania"" (Gaelic ""abdhaine""), meaning abbacy. The exact sense of the word being lost, it was presumed to denote some ancient dignity, the holder of which was called abthanus or abthane. William Forbes Skene holds that the correct meaning of ""abthain"" (or ""abthane"") is not ""abbot"" or ""over-thane"", but ""abbey"" or ""monastery"". The word has special reference to the territories of the churches and monasteries founded by the old Celtic or Columban monks, mostly between the mountain chain of the Mounth and the Firth of Forth."
"beseech you"", or ""prece quaesit"", ""he seeks by means of prayer."" In Roman law of the Imperial era, ""preces"" referred to a petition addressed to the emperor by a private person. ""Prodigia"" (plural) were unnatural deviations from the predictable order of the cosmos. A ""prodigium"" signaled divine displeasure at a religious offense and must be expiated to avert more destructive expressions of divine wrath. Compare ""ostentum"" and ""portentum"", signs denoting an extraordinary inanimate phenomenon, and ""monstrum"" and ""miraculum"", an unnatural feature in humans. Prodigies were a type of ""auspicia oblativa""; that is, they were ""thrust upon"" observers, not deliberately sought."
"in the OED), referencing correct pronunciation not just of individual words but also of entire passages, especially poetry, along with the distinction of good poetry vs. bad poetry. The archaic English term for this subject is orthology, and in this sense its opposite is ""solecism"". The study of orthoepeia by the Greek sophists of the 5th century BCE, especially Prodicus (c. 396 BCE) and Protagoras, also included proto-logical concepts. Protagoras criticized Homer for making the word for ""wrath"" feminine (Aristotle, ""Sophistic Refutations"" 14) and for praying to the Muse with an imperative (Aristotle, ""Poetics"" 19). Plato depicts Protagoras criticizing the"
"it signifies ""forethought,"" as that of his brother Epimetheus denotes ""afterthought"". It has been theorized that it derives from the Proto-Indo-European root that also produces the Vedic ""pra math"", ""to steal,"" hence ""pramathyu-s"", ""thief"", cognate with ""Prometheus"", the thief of fire. The Vedic myth of fire's theft by Mātariśvan is an analog to the Greek account. ""Pramantha"" was the tool used to create fire. The four most ancient sources for understanding the origin of the Prometheus myths and legends all rely on the images represented in the Titanomachy, or the cosmological struggle between the Greek gods and their parents, the"
"Pronoia The pronoia (plural pronoiai; Greek: πρόνοια, meaning ""care"" or ""forethought"") was a system of granting dedicated streams of state income to individuals and institutions in the late Eastern Roman Empire. Beginning in the 11th century and continuing until the empire's conquest in the 15th century, the system differed in significant ways from European feudalism of the same period. A ""pronoia"" was a grant that temporarily transferred imperial fiscal rights to an individual or institution. These rights were most commonly taxes or incomes from cultivated lands, but they could also be other income streams such as water and fishing rights,"
"Prometheus In Greek mythology, Prometheus (; , , meaning ""fore-thinker"") is a Titan, culture hero, and trickster figure who is credited with the creation of man from clay, and who defies the gods by stealing fire and giving it to humanity, an act that enabled progress and civilization. Prometheus is known for his intelligence and as a champion of mankind. The punishment of Prometheus as a consequence of the theft is a major theme of his mythology, and is a popular subject of both ancient and modern art. Zeus, king of the Olympian gods, sentenced the Titan to eternal torment"
"""Phryné"" by Camille Saint-Saëns; books by Dimitris Varos and Witold Jabłoński; and a 1953 film, ""Frine, cortigiana d'Oriente"". Phryne Phryne (; ) (born c. 371 BC) was an ancient Greek courtesan (""hetaira""), from the fourth century BC. She is best known for her trial for impiety, where she was defended by the orator Hypereides. Phryne's real name was Mnēsarétē (Μνησαρέτη, ""commemorating virtue""), but owing to her yellowish complexion she was called Phrýnē (""toad""). This was a nickname frequently given to other courtesans and prostitutes as well. She was born as the daughter of Epicles at Thespiae in Boeotia, but lived"
"term ""Prydain"" in medieval Welsh texts. One of the best known is found in the title of the 10th century vaticinatory poem ""Armes Prydein"" ('The Prophecy of Britain'). Prydain is also used by Lloyd Alexander as the name for the realm in which his book series ""The Chronicles of Prydain"" takes place. Prydain Prydain (Middle Welsh: Prydein) is the modern Welsh name for Britain. ""Prydain"" is the medieval Welsh term for the island of Britain (the name Albion was not used by the Welsh). More specifically, Prydain may refer to the Brittonic parts of the island; that is, the parts"
"Phryne Phryne (; ) (born c. 371 BC) was an ancient Greek courtesan (""hetaira""), from the fourth century BC. She is best known for her trial for impiety, where she was defended by the orator Hypereides. Phryne's real name was Mnēsarétē (Μνησαρέτη, ""commemorating virtue""), but owing to her yellowish complexion she was called Phrýnē (""toad""). This was a nickname frequently given to other courtesans and prostitutes as well. She was born as the daughter of Epicles at Thespiae in Boeotia, but lived in Athens. The exact dates of her birth and death are unknown, but she was born about 371"
"meaning “blistered one.” On the other hand, the root of the name may represent a Celtic reflex of the Proto-Indo-European root ""*wer-bhe-"" ‘bend, turn,’ cognate with Modern English ""warp,"" followed by the durative suffix *""-j-"" and the feminine suffix *""-ā-"" and so might have meant “she who is constantly bending and turning.” Another possibility is that the name is a compound of Romano-British reflexes of the Proto-Celtic elements *""*Uφer-bej-ā-"" (upper-strike-F) “the upper striker.” Verbeia In ancient Celtic polytheism, Verbeia was a goddess worshipped in Roman Britain. She is known from a single altar-stone dedicated to her at Ilkley (RIB 635)."
"only 15 British towns and the second most westerly town overall to appear on that Roman Era map. The two ecclesiastical parishes, Littleham and Withycombe Raleigh, that make up the town of Exmouth today can be traced to pre-Saxon times. The name of the town derives from its location at the mouth of the River Exe estuary, which ultimately comes from an ancient Celtic word for fish. In 1240 an area known as Pratteshuthe (Pratt’s landing place) was sold to the mayor and citizens of Exeter. This was the site of the estuary’s ferry dock and over time the name"
"320 BC. Although the earliest texts have been lost, excerpts were quoted or paraphrased by later authors. The main islands were called ""Ierne"", equal to the term ""Ériu"" for Ireland, and ""Albion"" for present-day Great Britain. These later writers referred to the inhabitants as the , ""Priteni"" or ""Pretani"", probably from a Celtic term meaning ""people of the forms""; ""Pretannia"" as a place-name was Diodorus' rendering (in Greek) of this self-description. It is often taken as a reference to the practice by the inhabitants of painting (or tattooing) their skin; since it is unusual for an autonym (a self-description) to"
"Politeia Politeia (πολιτεία) is an ancient Greek word used in Greek political thought, especially that of Plato and Aristotle. Derived from the word ""polis"" (""city-state""), it has a range of meanings, from ""the rights of citizens"" to a ""form of government"". According to Liddell and Scott's ""Greek-English Lexicon"" a meaning of politeia is ""the conditions and rights of the citizen, or ""citizenship"""", analogous to the Latin ""civitas"". ""Politeia"", in Greek means the community of citizens in a city / state. It should not be confused with ""regime"" that is meant by ""politeuma"" or ""Status quo"" that is meant by ""kathestos""."