"Maquis (Star Trek) In the ""Star Trek"" science fiction franchise, the Maquis are a 24th-century paramilitary organization/terrorist group (like the World War II Maquis in the French Resistance and the Spanish Maquis that emerged in the Spanish Civil War) first introduced in the 1994 episode ""The Maquis"" of the television series """", and subsequently appeared in """" and """". The Maquis story debuted when three ""Star Trek"" television shows running from the late 1980s to 2001 took place in the same fictional science-fiction universe at the same time in the future (The 2360s-70s). As a result, the Maquis story was"
"Maquis Vallier The Maquis Vallier was one of the maquis groups of resistance fighters during World War II. The maquis operated in the north of the Var département, particularly in the Verdon valley. The maquis Vallier was initially part of the ""Mouvements Unis de la Résistance"" (MUR) organization, before becoming the primary structure of the ""Armée secrète"" (AS) in its zone. In 1944, it was under the authority of the ""comité départemental de libération"". The maquis Vallier was led by Louis Picoche. Like many maquis in that region, the maquis Vallier did not participate directly in the liberation of its"
"Maquis du Vercors The Maquis du Vercors was a rural group of the French Forces of the Interior resistance (""maquis"") that fought the 1940–1944 German occupation of France in World War II. The Maquis du Vercors used the prominent scenic plateau known as the Massif du Vercors (Vercors Plateau) as a refuge. Many members of the ""maquis"", known as ""maquisards"", died fighting in 1944 in the Vercors Plateau. From 16 to 24 April 1944 the ""Milice"" (a Vichy government paramilitary militia) attacked the village of Vassieux, burning several farms and shooting or deporting some of the inhabitants. Nevertheless, the local"
"sector, but joined the Moors and the coast in August 1944 to support the Provence landings. Maquis Vallier The Maquis Vallier was one of the maquis groups of resistance fighters during World War II. The maquis operated in the north of the Var département, particularly in the Verdon valley. The maquis Vallier was initially part of the ""Mouvements Unis de la Résistance"" (MUR) organization, before becoming the primary structure of the ""Armée secrète"" (AS) in its zone. In 1944, it was under the authority of the ""comité départemental de libération"". The maquis Vallier was led by Louis Picoche. Like many"
"this at the heart of the ""MUR""; some, like Charles Delestraint, saw the Maquis as actual pockets of resistance within French territory, whereas others like Frenay saw them as armed bands operating by ambush and disappearing once their mission was accomplished. Combat (French Resistance) Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the Second World War (1939–1945). Combat was one of the eight great resistance movements which constituted the Conseil national de la Résistance. Combat, also known under its former name ""Mouvement de libération nationale"" (MLN), was active both in the"
"In French Indochina, the local resistance fighting the Japanese since 1941 was backed up by a special forces airborne commando unit created by de Gaulle in 1943, and known as the Corps Léger d'Intervention (CLI). They were supplied by airlifts of the British Force 136. Politically, the Maquis were very diverse, including right-wing nationalists, socialists, communists, and anarchists. Some Maquis bands that operated in southwest France, were composed entirely of left-wing Spanish veterans of the Spanish Civil War. Spanish Civil War veteran Carlos Romero Giménez was a center-democratic liberal operating from Bordeaux. When Germany began a forced labor draft (""Service"
"Maquis du Haut-du-Bois The Maquis du Haut-du-Bois, also known as the Maquis d'Éloyes, was a combat unit of the French forces of the interior within the Maquis des Vosges. The unit made a large contribution towards liberating the Éloyes region. Armed operations by the maquisards were supported by regular distributions of tracts and newspapers calling out to the resistance. A commemorative postcard from the banque numérique d’images de Lorraine illustrates the tragic events of 9 September 1944. The last survivors of the maquis were allowed to draw up a definitive list of the maquisards. The testimony of Étienne Pierrat (honorary"
"the ""GF"" by a member of Libération. In 1943 the steering committee of Combat learned that refugees from the Service du travail obligatoire forced labour had fled to Haute-Savoie and the Maquis had been created in the mountainous massifs. The ""service Maquis"" was established in Combat's Military affairs branch with the aim of helping all those who had ""taken the ""maquis"""" to survive and to fight, and of providing them lives and armaments, and of integrating them into Combat's network. While the objective for Combat was to develop, oversee and organise these armed groups, there were some divisions relating to"
"d'Astier. In the report he wrote for de Gaulle, he spoke of these three movements and entertained the possibility of bringing them together under the acronym ""LLL"". The Maquis () were rural guerrilla bands of French Resistance fighters, called ""maquisards"", during the Occupation of France in World War II. Initially, they were composed of men who had escaped into the mountains to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire (STO) to provide forced labor for Nazi Germany. To avert capture and deportation to Germany, they became increasingly organized into non-active resistance groups. The majority of resistance movements in"
"they were capable of undermining German military power in France. In January 1944, a state of siege was declared in Haute-Savoie. Anyone found carrying arms or assisting the Maquis was subject to immediate court martial and execution. Hunted by the Vichy police and badly supplied, most of the maquisards gathered on the Glières Plateau to set up their base of operations. Soon after, 100 French communist resistants and about 50 Spanish lumberjacks joined forces with them in taking refuge and getting weapons. From 13 February, the 450 maquisards, under the command of officers from the 27e bataillon de chasseurs alpins,"
"into four brigades. From autumn 1943 onwards, the GMR took part in offensives launched by the Vichy government against maquis formations, with the consent of the Germans. They fought in the Massif Central and took part as an auxiliary force in the fighting against the Glières Maquis. During operations against the Maquis du Vercors, the GMR stationed themselves at the foot of the massif to prevent access. The main responsibility for larger-scale military actions fell on the German army with secondary participation by the Milice. In contrast to the departmental police, the GMR were not recruited from the heart of"
"such as the Maquis derailed trains, blew up ammunition depots, and ambushed Germans, for instance at Tulle. The 2nd SS Panzer Division ""Das Reich"" came under constant attack and sabotage on their way across the country to Normandy, suspected the village of Oradour-sur-Glane of harboring terrorists, arms and explosives. In retaliation they decided to shoot all men, and burn alive all women and children in the church. There was also a free French army fighting with the Allies, numbering almost five hundred thousand men by June 1944, one million by December and 1.3 million by the end of the war."
"Madagascar in World War II Madagascar, then officially known as French Madagascar, was still a French colony at the outbreak of the Second World War, having been under French administration since 1885. It played an important role in the war due to the presence of critically important harbors, the contribution of Malagasy troops, and was also the scene of fighting between Allied and Vichy French forces in 1942. After the fall of France in 1940, Madagascar became a crucial flashpoint in contention between the Free French movement and Vichy France. The island was also consequential in the Pacific theater of"
"repulsed. After Morel had been killed by a French policeman during a raid, command of the Maquis des Glières was assumed by Captain Maurice Anjot. In March 1944, the Luftwaffe started to bomb the ""maquisards"" on the Glières plateau and on 26 March 1944 the Germans sent in an Alpine division of 7, 000 men together with various SS units and about 1, 000 ""miliciens"", making for a grand total of about 10, 000 men supported by artillery and air support which soon overwhelmed the ""maquisards"" whose lost about 150 killed in action and another 200 captured who were then"
"an important site of the French Resistance during the Second World War, its mountainous territory giving rise to a Maquis group of resistance fighters which was organized and led by lieutenant Tom Morel, Compagnon de la Libération. The plateau was chosen in January 1944 to accept British parachute drops of arms to supply the local resistance, then as a base of operations against the German rear to take place at the moment when the awaited landings by the allies would occur. The plateau was cut off, poorly accessible by road (and therefore by the enemy) but identifiable by allied aircraft"
"of sabotage was the dynamiting of a power plant near Ussel in June 1942. Marshal Philippe Pétain's visit to Corrèze in July was seen as a provocation by the population and strengthened popular support for the maquis. The maquis increased fast, reinforced by many young men trying to escape the German troops who invaded in November 1942 and instituted the STO in early 1943. Maquis operations changed from sabotages in 1943 to massive attacks against occupation troops in 1944. At its peak, the Limousine maquis is estimated to have reached between 8,000 and 12,000 fighters. However, it was troubled by"
"Axis, and Luxembourg was effectively annexed by Germany. Luxembourg remained under German control until liberated by the Allies at the end of 1944. Macedonia was part of Yugoslavia during World War II. So see this article's section on Yugoslavia. See Madagascar in World War II. Malaya was under British rule before the war began. It was occupied by Japan in 1942 through 1945. The Malayan Communist Party became the backbone of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army. See British Borneo and Malaya, which merged after the war to form Malaysia. See French West Africa in World War II. Malta was a"
"executions). Petain's Vichy France fell starting November 1942, with the Germans taking over all its former territory. The Maquis in Soule helped liberate Mauleon (Maule in Basque) and Tardets (Atharratze). The Nazi occupation of the Basque Country came to an end in 1944, after German troops definitely retreated following the Allied counteroffensive. However, the Germans found time enough to stretch out their Atlantic Wall up to Hendaye, leaving its remains behind, still on-sight today. The active Basques evacuated on the final stage of the northern front in the Spanish Civil War joined the Allied forces and played a critical role"
"maquis, where they were particularly active in the regions of Lyon, Grenoble and the Ardennes although many of them were killed in the war. Others, like Antoine Diederich, rose to high rank in the Resistance. Diederich, known only as ""Capitaine Baptiste"", had 77 maquis soldiers under his command and is best known for attacking Riom prison, where he and his fighters freed every one of 114 inmates who had been sentenced to death. Many Hungarian émigrés, some of them Jewish, were artists and writers working in Paris at the time of the occupation. They had gone to Paris in the"
"of France in World War II, the Germans released a lot of convicts from French prisons, including Robie. He and many other released convicts joined the French Resistance (the ""Maquis""), and fought against the Germans. After the war, there was an unofficial amnesty for those released convicts who had been ""maquisards"". Their previous sentences were not remitted, but as long as they refrained from new crimes they would be left alone. Some returned to underworld occupations, but Robie retired. He had saved some of the proceeds of his thefts, and did not need to steal. He bought his villa, tended"
"MAS 36 rifles. Following a German refusal, the Franc-Garde could never get heavy weapons, artillery or armored vehicles. In 1944, a Franc-Garde school was set up in Poitiers. Franc-Garde The Franc-Garde () was the armed wing of the French Milice (Militia) and was taken alone or alongside German forces in major battles against the Maquis from late 1943 to August 1944. The creation of the Franc-Garde was announced on 30 January 1943 and it was deployed June 2 of the same year in Calabria camp near Vichy with Jean de Vaugelas serving as its commander. This group was successful in"
"of the ""terrorists"" and not their own. The orders also called for the area to be secured along with all inhabitants, and that any house used by the resistance or its supporters, regardless of its owner, were to be burned. The orders of the commander of the division mentioned certain precise tactics: ""The resistance must be wiped out by outflanking them."" On 5 June 1944, SS General Lammerding approved the use of repressive measures implemented in Eastern Europe in the suppression of the Maquis. His program included provisions such as use of counter-propaganda and discrimination, and other actions intended to"
"in the Pointe de Grave battle with their Gernika Battalion (Gironde). De Gaulle commented, ""France will never forget the sacrifice of the Basques for the liberation of our land."" World War II in the Basque Country World War II in the Basque Country refers to the period extending from 1940 to 1944. It affected the French Basque Country, but also bordering areas across the Pyrenees on account of the instability following the end of the Spanish Civil War, and the friendship ties held by Germany, Vichy France, and the triumphant Spanish military dictatorship. In June 1937, the Northern Front of"
"""maquis"" attempted to seize ""redoubts"", most notably at the Vercors plateau. Eugène Chavant, the FFI chief in the Isère region ordered all ""maquis"" bands to concentrate on the Vercors plateau after hearing of D-Day. By 9 June 1944, some 3,000 ""maquisards"" had heeded the call and 3 July 1944 the ""Free Republic of the Vercors"" was proclaimed. Through the Allies did try to fly in supplies to the ""redoubts"" and the ""marquis"" fought bravely, all these operations ended with the Resistance defeated. In the middle of June, the Wehrmacht had taken the village of Saint-Nizier-du-Moucherotte from the Maquis du Vercors,"
"is worth noting that in this incident, far from tarnishing Vang Pao's reputation — as, for example Ted Kennedy's fudged Spanish exam at Harvard University tarnished his — merely added to his mythology: this was the sort of man who could never be held back by such petty impediments as rules."" The term ""Mèo Maquis"" was originally used by Free French and Allied intelligence officers to describe the Hmong resistance forces working against the Japanese forces occupying Indochina and China during World War II. After World War II, French Groupement de Commandos Mixtes Aéroportés (GCMA) authorities recruited Vang as a"
"After several days of combat, the final German attack forced the maquisards to fall back and disperse. Out of revenge for their previous losses, the Germans pillaged several of the surrounding villages, including Clavières. In the course of the battles, the French Forces of the Interior sustained severe losses: 238 killed and 180 wounded as well as about 100 hostages executed by the Nazis. Maquis du Mont Mouchet The Maquis du Mont Mouchet were a group of French resistance fighters during the Second World War. Based at Mont Mouchet, its goal was to delay the convergence of German forces in"
"France. The numbers of Spanish combatants in the ranks of the Resistance vary quite a bit amongst sources, but in general they accept a number around 10,000. After the German army was driven from France, Spanish maquis returned their focus to Spain. The most notable operation of the Spanish maquis was the invasion of Spain by between 4,000 and 7,000 guerrillas through the Aran Valley and other parts of the Pyrenees, well equipped and with heavy armaments, on October 19, 1944, after the German army had been driven from the south of France. The invasion was named ""Operation Reconquest of"
"provide manual labor to armament factories and the construction of the Atlantic Wall. Those French who were released through the STO began to escape to the mountains, where they came together with Spanish who escaped from the CTE. The French escapees were mainly civilians, rather than a remnant of the defeated French army. From this time, the French term """"maquis"""" began to be used to refer to the camps, and """"maquisards"""" for those that occupied them. Some of the Spanish refugees joined French resistance groups, while others formed autonomous groups. In April 1942 a meeting of several Spanish combat groups"
"and its leader were taken at this time by the photographer Izis Bidermanas who had also taken up arms. At the start of July 1944, Guingouin had been warned that a German offensive was being prepared against his maquis. On the 17th, the 1st brigade was attacked by the German brigade of General Curt von Jesser with a strength of 500 vehicles, supported by various reinforcements. This triggered the battle of Mont Gargan. The maquis lost 97 men (38 dead, 5 missing, 54 wounded) against 342 killed and wounded on the German side. It was one of the rare occasions"
"the beginning of an era. A similar strike was repeated in 1957, which lasted for 12 days and had the support of the intellectual world headed by Jaume Vicens i Vives, and also featured characters such as Josep Benet, Maurici Serrahima, Edmon Vallès, Santiago Nadal, Salvador Millet, and Rafael Tasis. The ""maquis"" were French Resistance groups who, hidden in sparsely populated regions, forests, or mountains, fought against the German occupation of France during World War II. By extension, the Spanish Maquis, refers to armed groups in Spain, especially in the Cantabrian Mountains, the Pyrenees, Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon and Andalusia, who"
"in ""maquis"" slang. As the ""maquis"" grew, the ""Milice"" was deployed to the countryside to hunt them down and the first ""milicien"" was killed in April 1943. As neither the ""maquis"" or the ""milice"" had many guns, the casualties were low at first, and by October 1943 the ""Milice"" had suffered only ten dead. The SOE made contact with the ""maquis"" bands, but until early 1944 the SOE were unable to convince Whitehall that supplying the Resistance should be a priority. Until 1944, there were only 23 Halifax bombers committed to supplying Resistance groups for ""all"" of Europe, and many"
"""Jungwirth"" of the Brandenburg Lehr Battalion by DFS 230 and Gotha Go 242 gliders on 23 July. The bloody suppression of the Vercors insurrection further inflamed the ""Maquis"" in the region, but also served as a warning that they were not well enough armed or organized to directly confront the Wehrmacht until the arrival of the Allies. The Maquis returned to the more traditional style of ""petite guerre"" (""little war""), engaging in harassment and ambush of Wehrmacht units rather than large-scale tactical operations. According to the order of battle of 8 July 1944 from General Niehoff, ""Kommandant des"" Heeresgebietes Südfrankreich"
"maquis. They were led by militant German communist Otto Kühne, a former member of the Reichstag in the Weimar Republic who had over 2,000 Germans in the FTP under his command by July 1944. He fought the Nazis directly, as in an April 1944 battle in Saint-Étienne-Vallée-Française in which his soldiers destroyed a Feldgendarmerie unit, or in an ambush of the Waffen-SS on June 5, 1944. 400 men from Luxembourg (which was annexed into Germany), many of whom had refused to serve in, or who had deserted from, the German Wehrmacht, left their tiny country to fight in the French"