"Dutch Republic The Dutch Republic or United Provinces was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was the predecessor state of the modern Netherlands and the first nation state of the Dutch people. The republic was also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (), Republic of the Seven United Provinces ('), the United Provinces ('), Seven Provinces ('), Federated Dutch Provinces (), or the Dutch Federation ('). Common names in Dutch for the Republic"
"de Antiquitate Republicae Batavicorum"" (1610). The origin was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's ""Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden"" (""Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands,"" 1706), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital that was named Batavia. Though since Indonesian independence the city is called Jakarta, its inhabitants up to the present still call themselves ""Betawi"" or ""Orang Betawi"", i.e. ""People of Batavia"" - a name ultimately"
"which it was a vassal state. The Batavian Republic was proclaimed on January 19, 1795, a day after stadtholder William V of Orange fled to England. The invading French revolutionary army, however, found quite a few allies in the Netherlands. Eight years before, the Orange faction had won the upper hand in a small, but nasty civil war only thanks to the military intervention of the King of Prussia, brother-in-law of the stadtholder. Many of the revolutionaries (see: Patriottentijd) had fled to France and now returned eager to realize their ideals. In contrast to events in France, revolutionary changes in"
"determination to defend their liberty, and the coronet their sovereignty. In 1795, with French help, the last Stadholder William V was forced to flee and the Batavian Republic (1795–1806) was proclaimed. At first this had no influence on the use of the arms of the former Republic. However, the following year the lion, that had served for approximately 280 years, was replaced by an allegoric image of a “Dutch maiden of Freedom”. The replacement of the Batavian Republic with the Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) saw the first return of the lion of the States General. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (brother of"
"of two centers: Oud Batavia or ""Benedenstad"" (""Lower City""), the oldest, the lowest and the most unhealthy part of the city, and ""Bovenstad"" (""Upper City""), the relatively newer city located on the higher ground to the south. Batavia was a colonial city for about 320 years until 1942 when the Dutch East Indies fell under Japanese occupation during World War II. During the Japanese occupation and again after Indonesian nationalists declared independence on August 17, 1945, the city was renamed Jakarta. After the war, the Dutch name ""Batavia"" remained internationally recognized until full Indonesian independence was achieved on 27 December"
"Batavia (region) Batavia (; , ) is an historical and geographical region in the Netherlands, forming large fertile islands in the river delta formed by the waters of the Rhine (Dutch: ""Rijn"") and Meuse (Dutch: ""Maas"") river. During the Roman empire, it was an important frontier region and source of imperial soldiers. Its name is possibly pre-Roman. Administratively, the modern version, Betuwe, is a part of the modern province of Gelderland and although the rivers and provinces have changed over history it is roughly the same. Today it has the Waal river on the south and the Lek and Nederrijn"
"perspective of the Indonesian nationalists who declared independence on 17 August 1945, the city was renamed Jakarta. In 1945, the city was briefly occupied by the Allies and then was returned to the Dutch. The Dutch name, Batavia, remained the internationally recognised name until full Indonesian independence was achieved and Jakarta was officially proclaimed the national capital (and its present name recognised) on 27 December 1949. The city of Batavia had a mayor (""burgemeester"") from 1916 to 1947. Batavia, Dutch East Indies Batavia was the name of the capital city of the Dutch East Indies that corresponds to the present-day"
"between the Waal and the Maas near Noviomagus (Nijmegen), which was probably called ""Batavodurum"" by the Batavians. The Batavians later merged with other tribes and became part of the Salian Franks. Dutch writers in the 17th and 18th centuries saw the rebellion of the independent and freedom-loving Batavians as mirroring the Dutch revolt against Spain and other forms of tyranny. According to this nationalist view, the Batavians were the ""true"" forefathers of the Dutch, which explains the recurring use of the name over the centuries. Jakarta was named ""Batavia"" by the Dutch in 1619. The Dutch republic created in 1795"
"proclaimed the Batavian Republic () in Amsterdam. Stadtholder William V fled to England and the States General dissolved itself. The new government was virtually a puppet of France. The Batavian Republic enjoyed widespread support and sent soldiers to fight in the French armies. The 1799 Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland was repulsed by Batavian–French forces. Nevertheless, Napoleon replaced it because the regime of Grand Pensionary Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (1805–06) was insufficiently docile. The confederal structure of the old Dutch Republic was permanently replaced by a unitary state. The 1798 constitution had a genuinely democratic character, though a coup d'état of 1801"
"Batavia, Dutch East Indies Batavia was the name of the capital city of the Dutch East Indies that corresponds to the present-day Central Jakarta. Just as modern Jakarta may refer to either the city itself or to the larger area of the city, with its geographic surroundings, which taken together is one of the provinces of Indonesia, Batavia can refer to the city proper as it existed then, with its various increases over time in urbanized acreage, or can refer to the surrounding hinterland. The establishment of Batavia at the site of the razed city of Jayakarta by the Dutch"
"the Batavi — the inhabitant of Batavian region during Roman period, which at that time was believed that the tribe's members were the ancestors of the Dutch people. Jayakarta was then called ""Batavia"" for more than 300 years. Over time, there were three governmental administrations within the Batavia region. The initial authority, (; High Government), was established in 1609. This became the colonial government, consisting of the Governor-General and the Council of the Indies. The urban or civil administration of the city of Batavia, (; Council of Aldermen), was formed in 1620. On 24 June 1620 two Company officials and"
"Empire and Iberian Union (1579–1648). In 1619, the Company forcibly established a central position in the Indonesian city of Jayakarta, changing the name to Batavia (modern-day Jakarta). Over the next two centuries the Company acquired additional ports as trading bases and safeguarded their interests by taking over surrounding territory. To guarantee its supply it established positions in many countries and became an early pioneer of outward foreign direct investment. In its foreign colonies the VOC possessed quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies. With increasing importance"
"his position because he was accused of having a friendship agreement with British without prior approval; the VOC celebrated the decision and planned a new Castle on 12 March 1619 named Batavia Castle. Coen was angry to know that his request to name the Castle and the city ""Nieuw Hoorn"" (after his birthplace) was not granted. Batavia Castle was nine times larger than Fort Jacatra and engulfed the eastern part of Fort Jacatra. On 30 May 1619, Coen destroyed Jayakarta and expelled its population, the area becoming part of Batavia. On 4 March 1621, Batavia was officially the name of"
"Batavi (Germanic tribe) The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe that lived around the modern Dutch Rhine delta in the area that the Romans called Batavia, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD. The name is also applied to several military units employed by the Romans that were originally raised among the Batavi. The tribal name, probably a derivation from ""batawjō"" (""good island"", from Germanic ""bat-"" ""good, excellent,"" which is also in the English ""better,"" and ""awjō"" ""island, land near water""), refers to the region's fertility, today known as the ""fruitbasket of the"
"Molenvliet (now Jalan Gajah Mada and Jalan Hayam Wuruk), the Noordwijk (now Jalan Juanda), the Rijswijk (now Jalan Veteran), along Gunung Sahari, and Jacatraweg (Jalan Pangeran Jayakarta). Also included were the markets at Tanah Abang and Senen, Jakarta's oldest markets. Batavia was under VOC control until the Company went bankrupt and the charter went expired in 1799. After the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) went bankrupt and was dissolved in 1800, the Batavian Republic nationalized its debts and possessions, expanding all of the VOC's territorial claims into a fully-fledged colony named the Dutch East Indies. Batavia evolved from the site of"
"in 1619 led to the Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. Batavia became the center of the Dutch East India Company's trading network in Asia. Monopolies on nutmeg, black pepper, cloves and cinnamon were augmented by non-indigenous cash crops like coffee, tea, cacao, tobacco, rubber, sugar and opium. To safeguard their commercial interests, the company and the colonial administration, which replaced it in 1799, progressively absorbed surrounding territory. Batavia lies on the north coast of Java, in a sheltered bay, over a flat land consisting of marshland and hills, and crisscrossed with canals. The city consisted"
"formed by branches of the Rhine, inhabited by a ""savage, barbarous nation"", some of whom were supposed to live on fish and the eggs of sea-fowl. Tacitus named the Mattiaci as a similar tribe under homage, but on the other side of the Rhine. The areas inhabited by the Batavians were never occupied by the Romans, as the Batavians were allies. The Batavians incorrectly became regarded as the sole and eponymous ancestors of the Dutch people. The Netherlands were briefly known as the Batavian Republic. Moreover, during the time Indonesia was a Dutch colony (the Dutch East Indies), the capital"
"States General of the Batavian Republic The States General of the Batavian Republic was the name for the Dutch government between January, 1795 and March 1796. It was nominally the same as the States-General of the Dutch Republic, the predecessor of the Batavian Republic, as the old constitution, the Union of Utrecht remained in place till a new National Assembly of the Batavian Republic was seated after a general election, under universal manhood suffrage. As under the old constitution the States of the seven provinces remained the basis for representation in the States-General. However, those States were in most cases"
"the Batavian Republic expanded all the VOC's territorial claims into a fully fledged colony named the Dutch East Indies. From the company's regional headquarters Batavia now evolved into the capital of the colony. In 1808 Daendels moved the old town center to higher ground to the south and urbanized the area known as Weltevreden. During the British interregnum Daendels was replaced by Raffles who governed until 1816. As the Dutch become more securely established in the region, towns grew up beyond the walls of the fort. Batavia, together with Semarang and Ujung Pandang, were the most important urban centers. During"
"Batavian Republic, was occupied again by the British after their victory in the Battle of Blaauwberg. The temporary peace between Britain and Napoleonic France had crumbled into open hostilities, whilst Napoleon had been strengthening his influence on the Batavian Republic (which Napoleon would subsequently abolish later the same year). The British, who set up a colony on 8 January 1806, hoped to keep Napoleon out of the Cape, and to control the Far East trade routes. In 1814 the Dutch government formally ceded sovereignty over the Cape to the British, under the terms of the Convention of London. The British"
"Century, the Dutch tended to identify the ancient Batavians as their forebears, as manifested for example in the name of the Batavian Republic established under auspices of the French Revolution and in the name of Batavia (now Jakarta) given to the capital of Dutch East Indies. Hence, leaders of the Revolt of the Batavi were given the status of Dutch National Heroes and their revolt against Roman rule regarded as a precursor of the 16th Century Dutch revolt against Spanish rule. The painting by Rembrandt at the top of this page is part of that view of the Revolt of"
"power throughout the 18th century. In the 1780s, the tensions came to a head in the Batavian Revolution, a struggle between republican Patriots and royalist Orangists. The Patriots, aided by French troops, eventually managed to drive stadtholder William V out of the country in late 1794. A few weeks later, on January 19, 1795, the Batavian Republic was proclaimed. The ""Nationale Vergadering"" (National Assembly) subsequently went through two years of discussions. On May 10, 1797, a final draft constitution was formed. The constitution was a compromise between two groups: those who felt that the ""gewesten"" (regions) in the Republic should"
"channeled into a straight canal (later known as also known as ""Grote Rivier"" or ""Kali Besar"" or ""Big River"" in this area). This new city is called Batavia (now Jakarta). In accordance with Stevin's model, the fortress of Batavia was the most prominent building in the city, symbolizing the center of power, while townhall, markets, and other public buildings were distributed. This layout of Jakarta can still be clearly recognized today in Jakarta Old Town through the layout of the streets and canals, although most of the original 17th structures had been destroyed or replaced with newer early 20th-century structures."
"among the different Frankish kingdoms. Later, it was mainly absorbed into the newer county of Guelders which had become established to the southeast. In the Renaissance, the Dutch wanted to rediscover their pre-medieval Batavi culture and history. This common history raised Batavi to the status of ""cultural ancestors"" to all Dutch people (see ""The Batavian Revival""). They occasionally called themselves, or their things (""Batavia""), Batavians, resulting even in a short-lived Batavian Republic. The name ""Batavia"" was also taken to the colonies such as the Dutch East Indies, where they renamed the city of Jayakarta to become Batavia from 1619 until"
"on the basis of French revolutionary principles was called the Batavian Republic. Even today ""Batavian"" is a term sometimes used to describe the Dutch people. (This is similar to use of ""Gallic"" to describe the French and ""Teutonic"" to describe the Germans.) Modern scholars of the Migration Period are in agreement that the Frankish identity emerged at the first half of the 3rd century out of various earlier, smaller Germanic groups, including the Salii, Sicambri, Chamavi, Bructeri, Chatti, Chattuarii, Ampsivarii, Tencteri, Ubii, Batavi and the Tungri, who inhabited the lower and middle Rhine valley between the Zuyder Zee and the"
"back onto the west bank of the Rhine. On 19 January 1795, the French army of General of Division Jean-Charles Pichegru seized Amsterdam, extinguished the Dutch Republic, and set up the satellite Batavian Republic. The armies of the First French Republic stood victorious on the west bank of the Rhine. The Kingdom of Prussia, intent on joining the Russian Empire in carving up the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, desired to exit from the First Coalition. Not wishing to be swamped by thousands of unemployed soldiers at the peace, the French Directory drove a very hard bargain. Nevertheless, Prussia, the Electorate of Saxony,"
"began to expand further south as epidemics in 1835 and 1870 forced residents to move away from the port. The Koningsplein, now Merdeka Square was completed in 1818, the housing park of Menteng was started in 1913 and Kebayoran Baru was the last Dutch-built residential area. By 1930, Batavia had more than 500,000 inhabitants, including 37,067 Europeans. After World War II, the city of Batavia was renamed ""Jakarta"" (a short form of Jayakarta) by nationalists, after achieving independence in 1949. On 5 March 1942, the Japanese wrested Batavia from Dutch control and the city was named Jakarta (, in accordance"
"and Geneva, all western suburbs of similar size and relative socioeconomic condition. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 26,045, which was estimated to have increased to 26,318 by July 2012. Batavia was first settled in 1833 by Christopher Payne and his family. Originally called Big Woods for the wild growth throughout the settlement, the town was renamed by local judge and former Congressman Isaac Wilson in 1840 after his former home of Batavia, New York. Because Judge Wilson owned the majority of the town, he was given permission to rename the city. Batavia's settlement"
"and later rented them to Chinese people who further developed the land as an agricultural land. When Batavia was abandoned in favor of the healthier and cleaner southern neighborhood of Batavia, the Gambir area was gradually urbanized and developed. During the government of Daendels, the center of administration was moved from the old Batavia to Gambir area. The area became widely known as Weltevreden until 1931, after which it officially became Batavia Centrum (Central Batavia). The area around the large field was characteristically surrounded with colonial buildings, mansions, and other civic facilities. Some of these buildings are restored and have"
"National Assembly of the Batavian Republic The National Assembly of the Batavian Republic was the name for the Dutch parliament between 1796 and 1801. The National assembly was founded in 1796 after general elections. It replaced the States-General of the Batavian Republic. The President of the National Assembly was the head of state of the Batavian Republic between 1796 and 1798, during his term in office (usually half a month). A number of members of the second National Assembly (elected in 1797) were expelled after the coup d'état of 25 January 1798 by Pieter Vreede, with the help of general"
"French forces from exile in France, proclaimed the Batavian Republic after the Batavian Revolution in January 1795. This event alarmed the government of Great Britain, erstwhile allies of the Dutch Republic in the War of the First Coalition, as the Dutch Empire controlled a number of strategically important colonies in the East Indies. The key to controlling European access to the region was the Dutch Cape Colony on the tip of Southern Africa; a naval force based there could dominate the trade routes between Europe and the East Indies, in particular the economically vital links between Britain and British India."
"and commerce hub in Asia since the 16th century, ""Oud Batavia"" is home to several important historical sites and buildings: Most street layout of Kota Tua has not changed since the foundation of Batavia in the 17th century. Below is a list of street names in Kota Tua. The list of street is limited to the street that was at one time located within the walled city of Batavia, both before and after the 1628 and 1629 attack of Batavia by Sultan Agung. To avoid confusion, the official writing of Roman numeral is converted into Arabic numeral. Some streets bear"
"was founded in 1802 by Joseph Ellicott, surveyor and agent for the Holland Land Company, the group of Dutch investors who had bought the 3 million acres (1.2 million ha) west of the Genesee River from Continental Army financier Robert Morris. Ellicott chose what became Batavia, the name what is today The Netherlands had at the time, since it was at the fork of two major Iroquois trails, today the highways that follow the three streets, across the region. From the beginning of settlement the future district was used for governmental purposes, with a courthouse built at the fork to"