"(""Parachute"" means ""shield from fall"".) The word ""umbrella"" evolved from the Latin ""umbella"" (an umbel is a flat-topped rounded flower) or ""umbra"", meaning shaded or shadow. In Britain, umbrellas were sometimes referred to as ""gamps"" after the character Mrs. Gamp in the Charles Dickens novel ""Martin Chuzzlewit"", although this usage is now obscure. Mrs. Gamp's character was well known for carrying an umbrella. ""Brolly"" is a slang word for umbrella, used often in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and Kenya. ""Bumbershoot"" is a fanciful Americanism from the late 19th century. In all written records, the oldest reference to"
"a first name by Dickens and was hired to investigate the private lives of potential clients whom Montague hoped to defraud with his insurance scam. Sarah Gamp (also known as Sairey or Mrs Gamp). Sarah Gamp is an alcoholic who works as a midwife, monthly nurse, and layer-out of the dead. Even in a house of mourning, Mrs Gamp manages to enjoy all the hospitality a house can afford, with little regard for the person to whom she is there to minister; and she is often much the worse for drink. In her nursing activities, she constantly refers to a"
"Dickens by his friend, Angela Burdett-Coutts. In an 1844 stage version of ""Martin Chuzzlewit"" authorised by Dickens at the Queen's Theatre Sarah Gamp was played by the actor and comedian Thomas Manders. Mrs. Gamp appears in ""Dickensian"", at first nursing Little Nell at the Old Curiosity Shop and later tending to Silas Wegg (from ""Our Mutual Friend""), played by Pauline Collins. Sarah Gamp Sarah or Sairey Gamp is a nurse in the novel ""Martin Chuzzlewit"" by Charles Dickens, first published as a serial in 1843–1844. Mrs. Gamp, as she is usually referred to, is dissolute, sloppy and generally drunk. She"
"NHS staff. There have been three distinct changes made to the NHS pension. The type of pension someone is enrolled onto is referred to by the year that it was introduced or changed 1995, 2008 & 2015. Whilst nursing has modernised significantly, the image of nursing can remain steadfastly considered as something akin to Hattie Jacques in a Carry on film such as Carry On Matron. Mrs Gamp – Sarah or Sairey Gamp is a nurse in the novel ""Martin Chuzzlewit"" by Charles Dickens, first published as a serial in 1843–1844. Mrs. Gamp, as she is usually referred to, is"
"The term was employed by Charles Dickens in a descriptive sense in his 1838 novel, ""Nicholas Nickleby"", to describe a character who is burly, tough and patriotic: Gammon (insult) Gammon is a pejorative term used in British political culture since around 2012, which received press coverage in 2018. In 2018 it became particularly known as a term to describe white people, especially those on the political right or who supported Brexit, who appear pink-faced when emotional. The term is a comparison of their flushed skin colour to the pink of gammon, i.e. salted pork leg. In 2012, Caitlin Moran wrote"
"The Very Persistent Gappers of Frip The Very Persistent Gappers of Frip is short story writer and novelist George Saunders’s first children's book. The village of Frip, consisting of three shacks by the sea, relies entirely on the production and sale of goat's milk. The gappers, an unintelligent lifeform shaped like a spiky fish, crawl up from the sea and sit on the backs of the goats. The gappers are so excited about the goats that they cling to them and emit a loud, high-pitched shriek of joy when they are on them. The children of Frip must brush the"
"gambit is to randomly blurt out the names of fast-food restaurants where her mother had worked. Rape Ghost: The diminutive spirit of a raped and murdered young girl (as in The Lovely Bones). She spends the afterlife constantly reminding loved ones of her rape and murder. Britney Spears: More than just a celebrity impression, she evolved into a full-fledged character with her own parallel life, which has included her court-appointed minder Chubs as well as an attempt to sell her own babies to a pet store. Her sister Jamie Lynn is obsessed with ""The Jewel of the Nile"". McGovern sells"
"Tramp A tramp is a long-term homeless person who travels from place to place as a vagrant, traditionally walking all year round. The word ""tramp"" became a common way to refer to such people in 19th-century Britain and America. Tramp is derived from a Middle English verb meaning to ""walk with heavy footsteps"" (""cf."" modern English ""trample"") and to go hiking. In Britain the term was widely used to refer to vagrants in the early Victorian period. The social reporter Henry Mayhew refers to it in his writings of the 1840s and 1850s. By 1850 the word was well established."
"she [Nightingale] started out there was no such thing as nursing. The Dickens character Sarah Gamp, who was more interested in drinking gin than looking after her patients, was only a mild exaggeration. Hospitals were places of last resort where the floors were laid with straw to soak up the blood. Florence transformed nursing when she got back [from Crimea]. She had access to people in high places and she used it to get things done. Florence was stubborn, opinionated and forthright but she had to be those things in order to achieve all that she did."" Though Nightingale is"
"into the workhouse system in Britain from the 1860s onwards. This meant that sick paupers were no longer being cared for by other, able-bodied paupers, but by properly trained nursing staff. In the first half of the 19th century, nurses were usually former servants or widows who found no other job and therefore were forced to earn their living by this work. Charles Dickens caricatured the standard of care in his 1842–1843 published novel ""Martin Chuzzlewit"" in the figure of Sarah Gamp as being incompetent, negligent, alcoholic and corrupt. According to Caroline Worthington, director of the Florence Nightingale Museum, “When"
"Mrs Grundy Mrs Grundy is a figurative name for an extremely conventional or priggish person, a personification of the tyranny of conventional propriety. A tendency to be overly fearful of what others might think is sometimes referred to as grundyism. Mrs Grundy originated as an unseen character in Thomas Morton's 1798 play ""Speed the Plough"". References to Mrs Grundy were eventually so well established in the public imagination that in Samuel Butler's 1872 novel ""Erewhon"", the goddess Ydgrun, an anagram for Grundy, dictates social norms. As a figure of speech Mrs Grundy can be found throughout the English-speaking world. Curiously"
"night-nurse Sairah Gamp as ""the best of creeturs""—in his novel ""Martin Chuzzlewit"": A glimpse of Mrs Prig's nursing technique is afforded by the following exchange, as Sairah Gamp arrives to take over from Mrs Prig in the supervision of a patient: Another famous portrait of a prig is that of Malvolio in Shakespeare's ""Twelfth Night"". Robert. E. Ornstein has carefully detailed the characteristics of Malvolio's priggishness: Those who do not enjoy Malvolio would reduce him to a conventional killjoy, a scapegoat who deserves to be held up to ridicule because of his officious humourlessness. There would be a need to"
"""wearisome to the last degree"" (Chapman 1999, p. 28). The novel's title (imposed by Dickens) focuses on the difference in lifestyle between rural southern England, inhabited by the landed gentry and agricultural workers, and the industrial north, populated by capitalist manufacturers and poverty-stricken mill workers; the north-south division was cultural and geographical. The story centres on haughty Margaret Hale, who learns to overcome her prejudices against the North in general and charismatic manufacturer John Thornton in particular. Gaskell would have preferred to call the novel ""Margaret Hale"" (as she had done in 1848 for her novel ""Mary Barton""), but Dickens"
"a metaphor used throughout the books. Other differences include the earth-moving machine JCB called ""Jekub"" in the UK version but ""CAT"" in some US editions, John Deere (called Big John) in others. All three names refer to common generic trademarks for heavy equipment in their respective countries. Masklin, a 4-inch high Nome, lives in a grass verge by a motorway service station with his friend Grimma and the remaining elders of their once-large tribe, which has been dwindling due to food shortage and predation by foxes, while several Nomes have headed across the motorway. The other younger members of the"
"Pip (Great Expectations) Philip Pirrip, called Pip, is the protagonist and narrator in Charles Dickens's novel ""Great Expectations"" (1861). He is amongst the most popular characters in English literature, widely portrayed all over the world on stage and screen. Pip narrates his story many years after the events of the novel take place. The novel follows Pip's process from childhood innocence to adulthood. The financial and social rise of the protagonist is accompanied by an emotional and moral deterioration, which forces Pip to recognize his negative expectations in a new self-awareness. When the novel begins in the ear1800s, Philip is"
"Gradgrind - a younger sister of Tom and Louisa Gradgrind who spends a lot of time with Sissy Jupe. She is cheerful, affectionate and despite looking similar to Louisa, in personality she is opposite. Dickens wished to educate readers about the working conditions of some of the factories in the industrial towns of Manchester, and Preston, to ""strike the heaviest blow in my power"", and as well to confront the assumption that prosperity runs parallel to morality. This notion he systematically deconstructed in through his portrayal of the moral monsters, Mr. Bounderby and James Harthouse. Dickens also believed in the"
"their experience of life. After they reconcile, they hold hands, and Pip sees no shadow to part them again. The novel has been adapted into films often. The character of Pip has been played in films (in order by year through 2012) by: Jack Pickford (1917)<br>Phillips Holmes (1934)<br>John Mills (1946)<br>Dinsdale Landen (1959)<br>Gary Bond (1967)<br>Simon Gipps-Kent (1974)<br>Michael York (1974)<br>Gerry Sundquist (1981)<br>Todd Boyce (1986)<br>Anthony Calf (1989)<br>Ethan Hawke (1998)<br>Ioan Gruffudd (1999)<br>Douglas Booth (2011)<br>Jeremy Irvine (2012) Pip (Great Expectations) Philip Pirrip, called Pip, is the protagonist and narrator in Charles Dickens's novel ""Great Expectations"" (1861). He is amongst the most popular characters in English"
"while Orlick remains a slave of his condition, solely responsible for Mrs Gargery's fate. Dickens also uses Pip's upper class counterpart, Bentley Drummle, ""the double of a double"", according to Trotter, in a similar way. Like Orlick, Drummle is powerful, swarthy, unintelligible, hot-blooded, and lounges and lurks, biding his time. Estella rejects Pip for this rude, uncouth but well-born man, and ends Pip's hope. Finally the lives of both Orlick and Drummle end violently. Although the novel is written in first person, the reader knows—as an essential prerequisite—that ""Great Expectations"" is not an autobiography but a novel, a work of"
"conscience and moral regeneration, as well as redemption through love. Dickens famously created comic and telling names for his characters, but in ""Great Expectations"" he goes further. The first sentence of the novel establishes that Pip's proper name is Philip Pirrip, which ""my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip."" The name Philip Pirrip (or Pirrip) is never again used in the novel to refer to Pip, but exclusively to the exact wording of his father's gravestone. In Chapter 18, when he receives his expectation from an anonymous benefactor, the first condition attached"
"Mister Pip Mister Pip (2006) is a novel by Lloyd Jones, a New Zealand author. It is named after the chief character in, and shaped by the plot of, Charles Dickens' novel ""Great Expectations"". Jones wrote 11 versions of the novel originally setting it on an unnamed Pacific island. The novel was ultimately set against the backdrop of the civil war on Bougainville Island during the early 1990s. The novel is the story of a girl caught in the throes of war on the island of Bougainville. It is through the guidance of her devoted but strict Christian mother and"
"fancy"". Dickens's biographer Claire Tomalin regards him as the greatest creator of character in English fiction after Shakespeare. Dickensian characters are amongst the most memorable in English literature, especially so because of their typically whimsical names. The likes of Ebenezer Scrooge, Tiny Tim, Jacob Marley, Bob Cratchit, Oliver Twist, The Artful Dodger, Fagin, Bill Sikes, Pip, Miss Havisham, Sydney Carton, Charles Darnay, David Copperfield, Mr. Micawber, Abel Magwitch, Daniel Quilp, Samuel Pickwick, Wackford Squeers, and Uriah Heep are so well known as to be part and parcel of British culture, and in some cases have passed into ordinary language: a"
"credited with adding two to three thousand words to the English language, including 'assassination', 'eyeball', 'leapfrog' and 'gloomy'. The character Kempe is William Kempe, a highly regarded comic actor of the era, who was a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men along with Shakespeare and Richard Burbage. Wiggins is named after Doctor Martin Wiggins, a distinguished academic in the field of Elizabethan and Jacobean literature and the editor of several editions of influential plays of this period. Wiggins is also a Doctor Who fan and a friend of writer Gareth Roberts. According to Roberts, ""if anyone was gonna trip me"
"him so that he can discreetly slip out to Grace. Somers runs the troupe and produces acts for the Queen and her Court, especially at large feasts. He and his troupe entertain the Queen in her Presence Chamber. Will Somers was actually a real person and he was Henry VIII's personal 'fool' as well as Elizabeth 1st. He is not mentioned too much in the books. Mrs Champernowne is in charge of the Maids of Honour. She is strict and often reprimands Grace; in ""Assassin"", Grace is out at night once, and Mrs. Champernowne threatens to spank, or ""birch"" Grace!"
"sexually promiscuous female or even prostitute. Tramps used to be known euphemistically in England and Wales as ""gentlemen of the road."" Tramp is derived from the Middle English as a verb meaning to ""walk with heavy footsteps"", and to go hiking. Bart Kennedy, a self-described tramp of 1900 US, once said ""I listen to the tramp, tramp of my feet, and wonder where I was going, and why I was going."" A gutter punk is a homeless or transient individual, often through means of freighthopping or hitchhiking. Gutter punks are often juveniles who are in some way associated with the"
"novel's focal character: Pip - whose full given name is Philip - , Dickens was evoking Sir Philip Sidney's poetic wooing of the unattainable Stella in ""Astrophel and Stella"" (1591). Several other widely read authors of the day gave the name Estelle to major characters in their novels, Catherine Gore in ""Romances of Real Life"" as early as 1829 although most examples date from mid-century, such as Annie Edwards in ""Creeds"" (1859), E.D.E.N. Southworth in ""The Lady of the Isle"" (1859), and Augusta Jane Evans in ""St. Elmo"" (1866). Estelle and Estella remained popular from roughly 1880 to 1930, with"
"to give to Rab, but Pumpkin is captured and executed by a firing squad. Sergeant Gale - A British non-commissioned Officer who marries Madge Lapham, Mrs. Lapham's eldest daughter. He is noted to be short but tough. Lieutenant Stranger - A friendly but often haughty British officer stationed in Boston. He develops a mild friendship with Johnny. He is young, eager to fight, and reminds Johnny a lot of Rab. Samuel Adams - Political leader of the Revolutionary forces. He wrote numerous pamphlets inciting and inspiring the revolution. John Hancock - One of the wealthiest men in Boston and a"
"The position often features in fiction. One notable character is Ebeneezer Scrooge's charwoman Mrs. Dilber who appears in Charles Dickens's ""A Christmas Carol"". In 1926, Lord Dunsany's fantasy novel, ""The Charwoman's Shadow"" was published to good reviews. Another well-known fictional charwoman is Ada Harris, the central character in Paul Gallico's novel ""Mrs 'Arris goes to Paris"" and its three sequels. In the British radio comedy series ""It's That Man Again,"" Dorothy Summers played the part of Mrs Mopp, an office char whose catch phrase was ""Can I do you now, Sir?"" (i.e., ""May I clean your office now, Sir?"" but"
"de Caspearo: A South American woman on holiday who opposes ugliness and, therefore Major Palgrave and Jason Rafiel. She remarks on Major Palgrave's glass eye as an evil eye. Miss Prescott: An elderly woman who enjoys gossiping and has come on holiday with her brother, Canon Prescott. Canon Prescott: Miss Prescott's brother, a member of the clergy, who dislikes his sister's gossiping. Dr Grahame: The St Honoré doctor, slowly retiring from practice, who treats Miss Marple who pretends to be ill, cares for Molly and confirms the deaths of the murdered people. Jackson: Mr Rafiel's valet/masseur/attendant who (by admission to"
"facilities in Australia and England have been named after Chisholm, as well as a suburb of Canberra and a federal electoral division. The Federal Government Department of Human Services' headquarters, located in Tuggeranong (ACT), is named after her (the building is known as the CCC, i.e. Caroline Chisholm Centre). Chisholm has also appeared on Australian stamps and banknotes; she appeared on the $5 note, 1967–91. In Charles Dickens's novel ""Bleak House"" the character of Mrs Jellyby is said to be an amalgamation of three women of the period, including Chisholm. There is also the novel ""Streets of dust: a novel"
"issues. However, Pumbaa is also a fierce warrior, charging into battle like a battering ram, and taking great offense if anyone who's not his friend calls him a pig, at which point he exclaims ""They call me ""Mister"" pig!""—a reference to Sidney Poitier's line ""They call me Mister Tibbs!"" from the 1967 film ""In the Heat of the Night"". Unlike real meerkats, Timon can walk on his hind legs, while in real life, meerkats walk on all four legs and can only ""stand"" on their hind ones. Based on the characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from ""Hamlet"", Timon and Pumbaa are"
"based on Broadway, Worcestershire, from where she brought to Tilling her celebrated recipe for Lobster ""à la Riseholme"". ""Mallards"", the home of Miss Mapp—and subsequently Lucia—was based on Lamb House in Rye. The house had previously been the residence of Henry James and had a garden room overlooking the street (unfortunately a German bomb destroyed the Garden Room in World War II. The rest of the house is now a National Trust property.) The novels, in chronological order, are: The first three books concern only the protagonist named in the title; the last three feature both Mapp ""and"" Lucia. In"
"with the explicitly sexual meaning is especially common in hip hop culture. Tramp A tramp is a long-term homeless person who travels from place to place as a vagrant, traditionally walking all year round. The word ""tramp"" became a common way to refer to such people in 19th-century Britain and America. Tramp is derived from a Middle English verb meaning to ""walk with heavy footsteps"" (""cf."" modern English ""trample"") and to go hiking. In Britain the term was widely used to refer to vagrants in the early Victorian period. The social reporter Henry Mayhew refers to it in his writings"
"Gamine A gamine is a slim, elegant young woman who is, or is perceived to be, mischievous, teasing or sexually appealing. The word ""gamine"" is a French word, the feminine form of ""gamin"", originally meaning urchin, waif or playful, naughty child. It was used in English from about the mid-19th century (for example, by William Makepeace Thackeray in 1840 in one of his Parisian sketches), but in the 20th century, came to be applied in its more modern sense. In 1997 the publisher HarperCollins drew up a list of 101 words – one a year – that defined the years"