"sagittally divides the face into five equal parts: It is insufficient to derive at a diagnosis of jaw deformity solely based on the clinical examination. Hence, additional information is gathered from diagnostic tests, which may include dental model analyses and radiographic imaging studies. Mandibular micrognathia is the condition when lower jaw is smaller than normal. Failure of the ramus to develop will give rise to micrognathia.<ref name=""Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone""></ref> Micrognathia can be classified as either congenital or acquired. Clinical appearance of some patients with congenital type of mandibular micrognathia can have a severe retrusion of the chin but by actual measurements,"
"Even during World War I, the phrase met with some degree of skepticism; the British politician David Lloyd George is reputed to have said, ""This war, like the next war, is a war to end war."" As it became apparent that the war had not succeeded in ending war, the phrase took on a more cynical tone. The British staff officer Archibald Wavell, a future field marshal and viceroy of India, said despondently of the Paris Peace Conference, ""After the 'war to end war', they seem to have been in Paris at making the 'Peace to end Peace'."" Wells himself"
"of the British public favoured a negotiated peace with an ascendant Germany, Churchill and a majority of his Cabinet refused to consider an armistice. Instead, Churchill used his skilful rhetoric to harden public opinion against capitulation and to prepare the British for a long war. The Battle of Britain has the unusual distinction that it gained its name before being fought. The name is derived from the ""This was their finest hour"" speech delivered by Winston Churchill in the House of Commons on 18 June, more than three weeks prior to the generally accepted date for the start of the"
"to war. Wells used the shorter form of the phrase, ""the war to end war"", in ""In the Fourth Year"" (1918), in which he noted that the phrase had ""got into circulation"" in the second half of 1914. In fact, it had become one of the most common catchphrases of the First World War. In later years, the term became associated with Woodrow Wilson, despite the fact that Wilson used the phrase only once. Along with the phrase ""make the world safe for democracy"", it embodied Wilson's conviction that U.S. entry into the war was necessary to preserve human freedom."
"In ""The Socialist Case"" (1937) he wrote: ""in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in Whitehall really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves"". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the Conservatives and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been misquoted as ""the man in Whitehall knows best"". Jay was elected member of Parliament for Battersea North at a by-election in July 1946, representing the Labour Party, and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the 1983 general election. Alongside Evan Durbin"
"George Washington uses the term ""red coats"" in a letter to Joseph Reed. In an earlier letter dated 13 October 1775, Washington used a variation of the expression, stating, ""whenever the Redcoat gentry pleases to step out of their Intrenchments."" Major General John Stark of the Continental Army was purported to have said during the Battle of Bennington (16 August 1777), ""There are your enemies, the Red Coats and the Tories. They are ours, or this night Molly Stark sleeps a widow!"" Other pejorative nicknames for British soldiers included ""bloody backs"" (in a reference to both the colour of their"
"much time and energy to wine, women and gambling. However, he was “never mean or ignoble” and was “a proud patriot” who sometimes had “true nobility”, although he was “too proud to court popularity” and too reserved to attract it readily. H. G. Wells, in ""The Shape of Things to Come"", published in 1934, predicted a Second World War in which Britain would not participate but would vainly try to effect a peaceful compromise. In this vision, Duff Cooper was mentioned as one of several prominent Britons delivering ""brilliant pacific speeches"" which ""echo throughout Europe"" but fail to end the"
"organisations that used plain English, and highlighting those that did not. Although the Foot in Mouth award was first made in 1993, a specific acknowledgment was made to a comment by Dan Quayle, Vice President of the United States in 1991. The award has been presented 20 times, and only Rhodri Morgan and Boris Johnson have received it more than once. The Welsh politician won in both 1998 and 2005, and made a light-hearted response to his second win, claiming that the first award had ""made [his] name."" Politicians have been recipients of the award more times than any other"
"next election on doctor's advice. In 1962, having come out of hospital to attend a debate on nurses' pay, he declared he felt as walked out that he would have been willing to give nurses the whole Treasury. Tom Brown (politician) Thomas James Brown (12 August 1886 – 10 November 1970) was a British coal miner and Labour Party politician. During a 22-year career in Parliament he became known as the ""miner's champion"", fighting for compensation for those suffering from industrial diseases, and to improve state pensions. Brown was born in Leigh, in the centre of the Lancashire coalfield. He"
"War"" (1942) and popularized by Kenneth Waltz in ""Theory of International Politics"" (1979) (in his work, Waltz incorrectly attributes Stephen Van Evera with having coined the term). Both Wright and Waltz employ the concept to serve as the opposite of balancing behaviour. The belief that states will ally with a dominant power, as opposed to balance against it, has been a common feature among foreign policy practitioners. German Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz's ""risk theory"", for example, posited that if Germany built a formidable naval fleet, it could force the United Kingdom into neutrality or alliance with it by threatening to"
"Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, (29 March 1799 – 23 October 1869) was a British statesman, three-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and, to date, the longest-serving leader of the Conservative Party. He was known before 1834 as Edward Stanley, and from 1834 to 1851 as Lord Stanley. He is one of only four British prime ministers to have three or more separate periods in office. However, his ministries all lasted less than two years and totalled three years and 280 days. Historian Frances Walsh says it was, Stanley was"
"highly coherent political parties of today (although the Whigs and Tories were the two main parties). The phrase was originally coined in jest; in attacking Foreign Secretary, George Canning, in the House of Commons, John Hobhouse said jokingly, ""It is said to be hard on His Majesty's Ministers to raise objections of this character but it is more hard on His Majesty's Opposition to compel them to take this course"". The phrase was widely welcomed and has been in use ever since. Whilst most days in the House of Commons are set aside for government business, twenty days in each"
"death, but returned to it under the Duke of Portland, and on the death of Wallace at the end of 1783, he was promoted to be Attorney General for England and Wales, and held the office till the Duke of Portland was dismissed. In politics he was a thoroughgoing party man. One of his maxims was ""Never speak well of a political enemy"". John Wilkes spoke of him as having been in the House of Commons ""a most impudent dog""; Nathaniel Wraxall called him coarse and abusive, though he acknowledged his intelligence: ""a man of strong intellectual parts, though of"
"Business as usual (policy) Business as usual was a policy followed by the British government, under Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, during the early years of the First World War. Its fundamental belief was that in order to maintain a stable and functioning country, it was necessary to continue society in the same manner as before the war; in other words, that civilians should think of the war as ""business as usual"". The underlying assumption was that a morale-eroding change in behaviour equated to a victory for the enemy. The term itself is attributed to Winston Churchill, then a prominent"
"theorists eschewed. In contrast, American theorists devised a strategy of pin-point bombing that targeted the enemy economy and the production of weapons. Though unproven, the major attraction of this sort of strategic bombing doctrine was that a war was expected to be won relatively quickly, with minimal casualties, and that grinding, static trench warfare as seen in World War I could be avoided. In November 1932 when British Lord President of the Council Stanley Baldwin said ""the bomber will always get through"", he was talking about the terror bombing of cities. The US Bomber Mafia agreed with Baldwin only in"
"Prime Minister. Rather, he was ""more Exeter rather than Balliol"", i.e. a respectable middle-ranking Oxford college, rather than a prestigious one. Selwyn Lloyd John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd, (28 July 1904 – 18 May 1978), known for most of his career as Selwyn Lloyd, was a British politician. Lloyd grew up near Liverpool. After being an active Liberal as a young man in the 1920s, the following decade he practised as a barrister and served on Hoylake Urban District Council, by which time he had become a Conservative Party sympathiser. During the Second World War he rose to be"
"argued that while the Monarchy had benefited Britain in the past, it had now ""outlived its usefulness."" The amendment was defeated by 403 votes to five. In his diary for 3 September 1939 Sir Ralph Glyn reports that ""James Maxton, the pacifist, rose, gaunt, a Horseman from the Apocalypse, doom written across his face,"" and declared, ""Don't let's talk of national honour: what do such phrases mean? The plain fact is that war means the slaughter of millions. If the Prime Minister can still maintain the peace, he will have saved those lives, he mustn't be rushed."" During the Second"
"publico. No bloody panico"" utterance to stop a row over Europe as his best contribution to Parliament – a sentence also used by Norman Tebbit about the in-fighting in the Conservative party during the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016. Once, while still in hospital after a riding accident, Morgan-Giles wrote to James Callaghan, the then prime minister, of ""the cold, silent, teeth-clenched fury"" among servicemen about a pay review board, which ""did not seem to know, in blunt nautical language, whether it's on its arse or elbow"". He complained that Wrens only received threepence extra a day after"
"Geoffrey Johnson-Smith Sir Geoffrey Johnson-Smith, (16 April 1924 in Glasgow – 11 August 2010) was a Scottish Conservative politician in the United Kingdom. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1959 to 2001, with only a brief interruption in the 1960s. He was also a television presenter. The son of an electrical engineer, he joined the Royal Artillery straight from Charterhouse School in 1942 and after the war was demobilised as a captain. At Lincoln College, Oxford, he read PPE. Contemporaries remembered him as Oxford’s best-dressed socialist, though he always insisted he never joined the Labour Party. In his"
"for Mayor of London. Dobson said that he had told them to ""Stick it up their wickit"". Labour MP Jeremy Corbyn, who considered his beard ""a form of dissent"" against New Labour, defeated Rolf Harris to win 2001's award. 2002's winner was Education Secretary Charles Clarke, who beat comedian Ricky Gervais and Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams for the title, although Flett suggested that his beard was probably a ""pragmatic"" one to conceal multiple double chins. The 2004 Beard of the Year was held jointly by cricketer Andrew Flintoff and NATFHE union leader Paul Mackney, due to the close polling"
"him. According to historian John Naish, the 18th-century expression ""Jack Boot"" meaning a stupid person originated as disparagement of Stuart's performance as Prime Minister. The Earl held the Manor of Luton and had Luton Hoo designed and built by the neoclassical architect Robert Adam. Work commenced in 1767. The original plan had been for a grand and magnificent new house. However, this plan was never fully executed and much of the work was a remodelling of the older house. Building work was interrupted by a fire in 1771, but by 1774 the house, though incomplete, was inhabited. Dr. Samuel Johnson"
"two allies. As in World War I, a combined War Council was formed to agree strategy and policy, and just as the British Expeditionary Force, which was quickly mobilised and sent to France was placed under overall French authority, so various components of the French navy were placed under Admiralty control. In Britain it was widely believed that the bombing of big cities and massive civilian casualties would commence immediately after the declaration. In 1932 the MP Stanley Baldwin made a famous speech in which he said that ""The bomber will always get through"". This message sank deeply into the"
"Attack poodle Attack poodle is a political epithet or pejorative that typically denotes a vociferous but utterly servile defender of a given political leader, party, or faction. It gained popular currency in 2002 when a member of the British Parliament who ran afoul of the Labour party Chief Whip charged that Prime Minister Tony Blair was setting out ""one of his attack poodles"" to bring him or her into line. It is a partly facetious expression that has been used in British and American politics, equivalent in meaning to a party hack. The term was further popularized by the American"
"benefited the British in many ways, not all of which were immediately obvious. Clausewitz's ""On War"" has become the respected reference for strategy, dealing with political, as well as military, leadership. His most famous assertion being: For Clausewitz, war was first and foremost a political act, and thus the purpose of all strategy was to achieve the political goal that the state was seeking to accomplish. As such, Clausewitz famously argued that war was the ""continuation of politics by other means"", and as such, argued that the amount of force used by the state would and should be proportional to"
"discussions, for political rhetoric that leans on specific cases, as opposed to broad statistics, particularly in the context of debates over healthcare. Such foundations are acknowledged to be hazardous for politicians to employ in any decisive argument. The tactic has nonetheless been repeated on several occasions, at each of which headline writers attempt to formulate a new version of the 'war of' label: War of Jennifer's Ear The War of Jennifer's Ear is the name given to a 1992 controversy in United Kingdom politics, between the opposition Labour Party and the governing Conservative Party. The name is an allusion to"
"Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. He was a strong supporter of the European Communities (EC), and after winning the decisive vote in the House of Commons by 336 to 244, he led the negotiations that culminated in Britain's entry into the EC on 1 January 1973. It was, says biographer John Campbell, ""Heath's finest hour"". Although he planned to"
"the way the words should be used often displaces arguments about policy by raising emotional prejudice against a preconceived notion of what the terms mean. In 2006, British Prime Minister Tony Blair described the main cleavage in politics as not left versus right, but open versus closed. In this model, attitudes towards social issues and globalism are more important than the conventional economic left–right issues: ""open"" voters tend to be socially liberal, multicultural and in favour of globalism, while ""closed"" voters are culturally conservative, opposed to immigration and in favour of protectionism. This model has seen increased support following the"
"to people in depressed areas than to encourage them to move in search of work. Jarvis died on 2 October 1950, aged 74. Sir John Jarvis, 1st Baronet Sir (Joseph) John Jarvis, 1st Baronet (25 March 1876 – 3 October 1950) was a British industrialist and philanthropist who became a Conservative Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1935 to 1950 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Guildford in Surrey, but is best known for his philanthropic and industrial efforts to assist the town of Jarrow in the economic depression of the 1930s. Jarvis was the"
"One of his most famous quotes stated ""The human or horse works best when well fed, and feeds best when well worked"". He carried out important work as adviser to the Army Medical Service where he recommended that ""The short man, in nearly every respect, made a better soldier than his taller comrades"". He was also an advocate of early marriages and during a speech in Sheffield during 1923 he stated: ""The greatest service a woman can do is marry early – and if I were in America, I should say marry early and often!"" Many of his hundreds of"
"The phrase has become so well known, it is referenced in literature. Carter used this phrase from the classic essay ""The Moral Equivalent of War"" derived from the speech given by American psychologist and philosopher William James, delivered at Stanford University in 1906, and subsequent book, published in 1910, in which ""James considered one of the classic problems of politics: how to sustain political unity and civic virtue in the absence of war or a credible threat..."" and ""...sounds a rallying cry for service in the interests of the individual and the nation."" Ideas mirrored in much of Carter's philosophy."
"sworn of the Privy Council in 1996. Geoffrey Johnson-Smith Sir Geoffrey Johnson-Smith, (16 April 1924 in Glasgow – 11 August 2010) was a Scottish Conservative politician in the United Kingdom. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1959 to 2001, with only a brief interruption in the 1960s. He was also a television presenter. The son of an electrical engineer, he joined the Royal Artillery straight from Charterhouse School in 1942 and after the war was demobilised as a captain. At Lincoln College, Oxford, he read PPE. Contemporaries remembered him as Oxford’s best-dressed socialist, though he always insisted he"
"October to 12 November 2016, with Powell portrayed by Ian McDiarmid and Clem Jones by George Costigan. UK Parliament elections Notes Bibliography Further reading Enoch Powell John Enoch Powell (16 June 19128 February 1998) was a British politician, classical scholar, author, linguist, soldier, philologist and poet. He served as a Conservative Member of Parliament (1950–74), then Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) MP (1974–87), and was Minister of Health (1960–63). Before entering politics, Powell was a classical scholar, becoming a full professor of Ancient Greek at the age of 25 in Australia. During World War II, he served in both staff and"
"and art of government and the removal of any restriction or disqualification that fell on any particular class or sect. In 1794, the Radical Daniel Stuart published his pamphlet ""Peace and Reform, Against War and Corruption"" and in 1796, the Whig George Tierney stood for election a platform of ""Peace and Reform"". The relentless campaign by the Radical MP Joseph Hume against what he considered wasteful and extravagant government expenditure in the 1820s caused the word ""retrenchment"" to be added to ""peace and reform"". The Whig government of Earl Grey was elected to office on the slogan ""Peace, Retrenchment and"