"or oil painting are not manufactured from sable hair, but from that of the Siberian weasel. Sable The sable (""Martes zibellina"") is a species of marten, a small carnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments, of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and Hokkaidō, Japan. Its range in the wild originally extended through European Russia to Poland and Scandinavia. Historically, it has been hunted for its highly valued dark brown or black fur, which remains a luxury good to this day. While hunting is still common in"
"Zibellino A zibellino, flea-fur or fur tippet is a women's fashion accessory popular in the later 15th and 16th centuries. A zibellino, from the Italian word for ""sable"", is the pelt of a sable or marten worn draped at the neck or hanging at the waist, or carried in the hand. The plural is ""zibellini"". Some zibellini were fitted with faces and paws of goldsmith's work with jeweled eyes and pearl earrings, while unadorned furs were also fashionable. The earliest surviving mention of a marten pelt to be worn as neck ornament occurs in an inventory of Charles the Bold,"
"A fashionable accessory was the ""[[zibellino]]"", the [[Fur|pelt]] of a [[sable]] or [[marten]] worn draped at the neck or hanging at the waist; some costume historians call these ""flea furs"". The most expensive zibellini had faces and paws of goldsmith's work with jewelled eyes. However, it should be noted that not all women or men were allowed to wear jewelry because of the [[sumptuary laws]] that restricted wearing certain types of jewelry and luxurious fabrics, such as purple velvet, to first royalty and then nobility. The newly wealthy merchant classes who were not aristocrats could not wear jewelry on their"
"marten spread from continental Europe into England in this period; costume historians call these accessories ""zibellini"" or ""flea furs"". The most expensive zibellini had faces and paws of goldsmith's work with jewelled eyes. Queen Elizabeth received one as a New Years gift in 1584. Gloves of perfumed leather featured embroidered cuffs. Folding fans appeared late in the period, replacing flat fans of ostrich feathers. Jewelry was also popular among those that could afford it. Necklaces were beaded gold or silver chains and worn in concentric circles reaching as far down as the waist. Ruffs also had a jewelry attachment such"
"""zibellini"", their word for sables and speakers of other languages called them ""martens"", ""sables"" or ""ermines"" in their native tongues. The fashion for carrying zibellini died out in the first years of the 17th century, although fox, mink and other pelts were worn in similar fashion in the 19th and 20th century. Zibellino A zibellino, flea-fur or fur tippet is a women's fashion accessory popular in the later 15th and 16th centuries. A zibellino, from the Italian word for ""sable"", is the pelt of a sable or marten worn draped at the neck or hanging at the waist, or carried"
"as the sable (black) tincture, and the colour and hatching of marten is identical with the gules (red) tincture. So, in some countries these tinctures are also held as furs (mainly in the Czech heraldic traditions, but not in real use, and sometimes also in the German heraldry, which is also not in real use today). Zibeline (in German ""Zobelfell"", in Czech ""sobol"", and in Hungarian ""coboly"") was already used in the ancient times of heraldry. Some minnesängers applied the word ""Zobelfell"" for the black tincture, and the arms of the count von Zollern also contained zibeline (""Zobelfell""). The colour"
"that can be clearly identified. ""Mammal Species of the World"" recognises seventeen different subspecies, but other recent scholarly sources have identified anything from seven to thirty. Sable fur has been a highly valued item in the fur trade since the early Middle Ages, and is generally considered to have the most beautiful and richly tinted pelt among martens. Sable fur is unique because it retains its smoothness in every direction it is stroked. The fur of other animals feels rough stroked against the grain. A wealthy 17th-century Russian diplomat once described the sable as ""A beast full marvelous and prolific"
"Marten The martens constitute the genus Martes within the subfamily Mustelinae, in the family Mustelidae. Martens are slender, agile animals, adapted to living in taigas, and are found in coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere. They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractible claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species, and, in many cases, is valued by fur trappers. Results of DNA research indicate that the genus ""Martes"" is polyphyletic, with some studies placing ""Martes americana"" outside the genus and allying it with ""Eira"" and ""Gulo"", to form a"
"European pine marten The European pine marten (""Martes martes""), known most commonly as the pine marten in Anglophone Europe, and less commonly also known as pineten, baum marten, or sweet marten, is an animal native to Northern Europe belonging to the mustelid family, which also includes mink, otter, badger, wolverine, and weasel. Their bodies are up to in length, and their bushy tails can be . Males are slightly larger than females; typically, martens weigh around - . Their fur is usually light to dark brown and grows longer and silkier during the winter, while being short and coarse in"
"of certain furs to the higher social statuses, thereby establishing a cachet based on exclusivity. Furs such as marten, grey squirrel and ermine were reserved for the aristocracy, while fox, hare and beaver clothed the middle, and goat, wolf and sheepskin the lower. Fur was primarily used for visible linings, with species varied by season within social classes. Furbearing animals decreased in West Europe and began to be imported from the Middle East and Russia. As new kinds of fur entered Europe, other uses were made with fur other than clothing. Beaver was most desired but used to make hats"
"and glittering. The Chinese put silver collars about the necks of these animals, and render them extremely familiar. As they are not common, they give a high price, both on account of their beauty, and because they destroy rats. Buffon's source was abbé Prevôt (written in French), whose source was John Green (written in English), whose source was French Jesuit de Halde (written in French), whose source was Martini's 1655 work. By 1777, Buffon had concluded the lop-eared cat was a different species than the domestic cat and that it might therefore be the cat-like marten called the ""sumxu"". Hence"
"by car. The name ""ZEC des Martres"" takes its name from Lac des Martres (Lake of Martens) which is the largest lake of the ZEC. Marten is a carnivorous mammal with long, supple body, a bushy tail and brown fur. The ""Pékan"" (in French) is the marten of Canada and the ""Zibeline"" (in French) is the one of the Siberia and Japan. In Quebec, forty names include specific ""Marten"" and ""Martre"". Lake Martens appeared in the ""Dictionary of the Rivers and Lakes of the Province of Quebec"" by Eugene Rouillard, Department of Lands and Forests, 1914, page 270. This book"
"have been a mutation similar to that found in the Scottish Fold. The name ""sumxu"" originally described the yellow-throated marten, but a series of mistranslations caused the name to be applied to the alleged cat or cat-like animal. Michael Boym (ca. 1612-1659), a Polish Jesuit missionary to south China, was the first Westerner to describe the sumxu in his illustrated book ""Flora Sinensis"" (1656). ""Sum xu"" was the Portuguese rendering of ""songshu"", meaning ""pine rat"" and the description indicated the yellow-throated marten (""Martes flavigula"") indigenous to that region. The white lop-eared cat, however, was said to be found in a"
"a fine art gallery with hundreds of artworks from 70 countries around the world. The exhibit for Firestone Tires featured the famous pygmy hippo, Billy, who had been a pet of former US President Calvin Coolidge. Next door to these business exhibits was the ""Masterpieces of Art"" building housing 300 priceless works of the Old Masters, from the Middle Ages to 1800. Whalen and his team were able to borrow priceless paintings and sculptures from Europe and hang them in a graceful, understated building in Queens for two years. Thirty five galleries featured great works from DaVinci and Michelangelo to"
"a white and blue-grey softly striped or checkered pattern lining cloaks and other outer garments; the white belly fur with the merest edging of grey was called miniver. A fashion in men's clothing for the dark furs sable and marten arose around 1380, and squirrel fur was thereafter relegated to formal ceremonial wear. Ermine, with their dense white winter coats, was worn by royalty, with the black tipped tails left on to contrast with the white for decorative effect, as in the Wilton Diptych above. The innermost layer of clothing were the ""braies"" or breeches, a loose undergarment, usually made"
"refers to the mouth of an animal. Sable is named for a type of marten, known for its dark, luxuriant fur. Azure comes through the Arabic ""lāzaward"", from the Persian ""lāžavard"" both referring to the blue mineral lapis lazuli, used to produce blue pigments. Vert is from Latin ""viridis"", ""green"". The alternative name in French, ""sinople"", is derived from the ancient city of Sinope in Asia Minor, which was famous for its pigments. Purpure is from Latin ""purpura"", in turn from Greek ""porphyra"", the dye known as Tyrian purple. This expensive dye, known from antiquity, produced a much redder purple"
"word (cf. Cree ""wuchak"", ""otchock"", Ojibwa ""ojiig"") borrowed by fur traders. Other American Indian names for the fisher are Chipewyan ""thacho"" and Carrier ""chunihcho"", both meaning ""big marten"", and Wabanaki ""uskool"". The Latin specific name ""pennanti"" honors Thomas Pennant, who described the fisher in 1771. Buffon had first described the creature in 1765, calling it a ""pekan"". Pennant examined the same specimen, but called it a fisher, unaware of Buffon's earlier description. Other 18th-century scientists gave it similar names, such as Schreber, who named it ""Mustela canadensis"", and Boddaert, who named it ""Mustela melanorhyncha"". The fisher was eventually placed in"
"at galleries in Baltimore (Walters Art Museum), Bergamo, Berlin (Gemäldegalerie), Graz (Joanneum Alte Galerie), Madrid (Museo del Prado), Milan (Pinacoteca di Brera), Milwaukee (Milwaukee Art Museum), Naples (National Museum of Capodimonte), Poznań (National Museum, Poznań), Siena (Pinacoteca Nazionale), Southampton (City Art Gallery), and Vienna (Kunsthistorisches Museum). Sofonisba Anguissola's oeuvre had a lasting influence on subsequent generations of artists. Her portrait of Queen Elisabeth of Valois with a zibellino (the pelt of a marten set with a head and feet of jewelled gold) was widely copied by many of the finest artists of the time, such as Peter Paul Rubens. Anguissola"
"sometimes sold for their weight in silver. Pliny cites a case in which a large sum was paid for a single fish, and an extraordinary expenditure of time was lavished upon these slow-learning pets. Juvenal and other satirists descanted upon the height to which the pursuit of this luxury was carried as a type of extravagance. The statesman Titus Annius Milo, exiled to Marseille in 52 B.C., joked that he would have no regrets as long as he could eat the delicious red mullet of Marseille. Red mullet The red mullets or surmullets are two species of goatfish, ""Mullus barbatus"""
"studio contents sold at auction in 1799 (in an auction taking 21 days). In 2018, Martin was featured in Fake or Fortune as the artist who painted Dido Belle https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b0bj6gm7/fake-or-fortune-series-7-4-a-double-whodunnit On 20 July 1771 he married Ann Hill (1743–1775), but all three of their children died in infancy. David Martin (artist) David Martin (1 April 1737 – 30 December 1797) was a Scottish painter and engraver. Born in Fife, he studied in Italy and England, before gaining a reputation as a portrait painter. Born in Anstruther Easter, he was the first of the five children of John Martin (1699/1700–1772), Anstruther"
"art through black and white engravings and prints. Because of its contrast and clarity, black ink on white paper continued to be the standard for printing books, newspapers and documents; and for the same reason black text on a white background is the most common format used on computer screens. In the early Middle Ages, princes, nobles and the wealthy usually wore bright colors, particularly scarlet cloaks from Italy. Black was rarely part of the wardrobe of a noble family. The one exception was the fur of the sable. This glossy black fur, from an animal of the marten family,"
"blues for the robes of Mary and the Christ child. As a result of the high price, artists sometimes economized by using a cheaper blue, azurite, for under painting. Most likely imported to Europe through Venice, the pigment was seldom seen in German art or art from countries north of Italy. Due to a shortage of azurite in the late 16th and 17th century, the price for the already-expensive ultramarine increased dramatically. The turban of the Girl with a Pearl Earring by Vermeer is painted with a mixture of ultramarine and lead white, with a thin glaze of pure ultramarine"
"recorded up to elevation in alpine meadow. Yellow-throated marten The yellow-throated marten (""Martes flavigula"") is an Asian marten species, which is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List due to its wide distribution, evidently relatively stable population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, and lack of major threats. The yellow-throated marten is also known as the ""kharza"", and is the largest marten in the Old World, with the tail making up more than half its length. Its fur is brightly colored, consisting of a unique blend of black, white, golden-yellow and brown. It is an omnivore, whose"
"in 1508 the German painter Albrecht Dürer reported in a letter that he had paid twelve ducats – the equivalent of forty-one grams of gold – for just thirty grams of ultramarine. Often painters or clients saved money by using less expensive blues, such as azurite smalt, or pigments made with indigo, but this sometimes caused problems. Pigments made from azurite were less expensive, but tended to turn dark and green with time. An example is the robe of the Virgin Mary in The ""Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints"" by Raphael in the Metropolitan Museum in New York. The"
"Martlet A martlet in English heraldry is a heraldic charge depicting a stylised bird similar to a swift or a house martin, with stylised feet. It should be distinguished from the ""merlette"" of French heraldry, which is a duck-like bird with a swan-neck and chopped-off beak and legs. The word ""martlet"" is derived from the bird known as the martin, with the addition of the diminutive suffix ""-let""; thus martlet means ""little martin"". The origin of the name martin is obscure, though it may refer to the festival Martinmas, which occurs around the same time martins begin their migration from"
"deep reds are reminders of battle and heroism. Titian recorded all of the foreground elements—the horse, its caparison, and the rider's armour—from those used in the actual battle. Both the armour and harness survive, and are kept at the Royal Armoury in Madrid. It was acquired by the Museo del Prado in 1827. The portrait was commissioned by Mary of Austria, Queen of Hungary, with Charles specifying how he wished to be presented. The emperor was very aware of the importance of portraiture in determining how he was seen by others, and appreciated not only Titian's mastery as a painter,"
"way in the world. Martlet A martlet in English heraldry is a heraldic charge depicting a stylised bird similar to a swift or a house martin, with stylised feet. It should be distinguished from the ""merlette"" of French heraldry, which is a duck-like bird with a swan-neck and chopped-off beak and legs. The word ""martlet"" is derived from the bird known as the martin, with the addition of the diminutive suffix ""-let""; thus martlet means ""little martin"". The origin of the name martin is obscure, though it may refer to the festival Martinmas, which occurs around the same time martins"
"Retour de Martin Guerre"" (1982) and the history, ""The Return of Martin Guerre"", by the American history professor Natalie Zemon Davis. With the charivari widely practised among rural villagers across Europe, the term and practice were part of common culture. Over time, the word was applied to other items. In Bavaria, ""charivari"" was adopted as the name for the silver ornaments worn with Lederhosen; the items consist of small trophies from game, like teeth from wild boar, or deer, jaws and fangs from foxes and various marters, feathers and claws from jaybirds and bird of prey. A Bavarian Charivari resembles"
"in honor of his achievement. The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury is highly toxic; the miners were slaves"
"to fend for themselves at about three to four months of age. Due to their habit of seeking warm and dry places and to gnaw on soft materials, martens cause damage to soft plastic and rubber parts in cars and other parked vehicles, annually costing millions of euros in Central Europe alone, thus leading to the offering of marten-damage insurance, ""marten-proofing"", and electronic repellent devices. They are omnivorous. The marten is popular in the northern Ontario community of Big Trout Lake. During the fur trade, commissioned by the Hudson Bay Company in the 17th and 18th centuries, the marten pelt"
"the sable (a type of marten) and the stoat (ermine), boast exquisite and valuable furs, and have been accordingly hunted since prehistoric times. Since the early Middle Ages, the trade in furs was of great economic importance for northern and eastern European nations with large native populations of fur-bearing mustelids, and was a major economic impetus behind Russian expansion into Siberia and French and English expansion in North America. In recent centuries, fur farming, notably of mink, has also become widespread and provides the majority of the fur brought to market. One species, the sea mink (""Neovison macrodon"") of New"
"called ""timbers"". By the twentieth century, prime fur-bearing animals were raised on farms. However, the most valuable pelts still come from the wilderness, because the farm-raised animals were believed to not have as luxurious pelts. The wild animal furs are the most valuable because the harsh climates forced the animals to naturally grow thick warm fur, whereas the ones grown in farms do not need to grow such thick fur for protection from the harsh climate. Sables were the first fur-bearing animals in Siberia to interest Russians. Sables were known as the ""Golden Fleece"" because they of their extreme value,"
"coins, minted since 1993, and on the reverse of the 25-kuna commemorative coins. A running marten is shown on the coat of arms of Slavonia and subsequently on the modern design of the coat of arms of Croatia. The official seal of the Croatian Sabor (parliament) from 1497 until the late 18th century had a similar design. The Finnish communications company Nokia derives its name, via the river Nokianvirta, from a type of marten locally known as the ""nokia"". Marten The martens constitute the genus Martes within the subfamily Mustelinae, in the family Mustelidae. Martens are slender, agile animals, adapted"