"which provides support to university students, who study in the University of Coimbra. The directorate of the association is composed almost entirely of tenured professors and Doctors at the University. Notable members have included include António de Oliveira Salazar, Prime Minister (1932–1968) and dictator of Portugal. Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbra The Diocese of Coimbra () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Coimbra, Portugal. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Braga. The first known bishop was Lucentius, who participated in the first council of Braga (563), the metropolitan See of Coimbra, until the latter was attached to the"
"Estado Novo (Portugal) The Estado Novo (, ""New State""), or the Second Republic, was the corporatist authoritarian regime installed in Portugal in 1933, which was considered fascist. It evolved from the ""Ditadura Nacional"" (""National Dictatorship"") formed after the ""coup d'état"" of 28 May 1926 against the democratic but unstable First Republic. Together, the ""Ditadura Nacional"" and ""Estado Novo"" are recognised as the Second Portuguese Republic. The ""Estado Novo"", greatly inspired by conservative and authoritarian ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, when he fell ill and was"
"and President Américo Tomás fled to Brazil. Caetano spent the rest of his life in Brazil, while Tomás returned to Portugal a few years later. The revolution was closely watched from neighbouring Spain, where the government and opposition were planning for the succession of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, who died a year and a half later, in 1975. After the military coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974, power was taken by a military junta, the National Salvation Junta, and Portugal went through a turbulent period, commonly called the ""Continuing Revolutionary Process"" (Portuguese: Processo Revolucionário Em Curso, or PREC). Initially"
"Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as President during two periods: the first was from 1930–1945, when he served as interim president from 1930–1934, constitutional president from 1934–1937, and dictator from 1937–1945. After being overthrown in a 1945 coup, Vargas returned to power as the democratically elected president in 1951, serving until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President, and second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization,"
"Ditadura Nacional The Ditadura Nacional (, National Dictatorship) was the name given to the regime that governed Portugal from 1928, after the re-election of General Óscar Carmona to the post of President, until 1933. The preceding period of military dictatorship that started after the 28th May 1926 coup d'état, is known as """" (Military Dictatorship). After adopting a new constitution in 1933, the regime changed its name to ""Estado Novo"" (New State). The ""Ditadura Nacional"", together with the ""Estado Novo"", forms the historical period of the Portuguese Second Republic (1926–1974). The military coup of May 28 seized power easily. Soon"
"Os Grandes Portugueses Os Grandes Portugueses () was a public poll contest organized by the Portuguese public broadcasting station RTP and hosted by Maria Elisa. Based on BBC's 100 Greatest Britons, it featured individual documentaries advocating the top ten candidates. The final vote took place on 25 March 2007, the winner being António de Oliveira Salazar, Portugal's dictator between 1932 and 1968. Prime minister António de Oliveira Salazar, whose programme was presented by Jaime Nogueira Pinto, polled the most (41%); his lifelong communist political opponent Álvaro Cunhal was second (19%), and the diplomat Aristides de Sousa Mendes third (13%). Salazar"
"speech was declared, political prisoners were released and the Portuguese overseas territories in Sub-Saharan Africa were immediately granted independence. East Timor was also offered independence, shortly before being invaded by Indonesia. At the beginning of the 1970s, a near-half century of authoritarian rule continued to weigh heavily on Portugal. After the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, Portugal implemented an authoritarian regime of social-Catholic and Integralist inspiration. In 1933, the regime was recast and renamed ""Estado Novo"" (""New State""), and António de Oliveira Salazar was named Prime Minister until 1968, when he suffered a stroke following a domestic accident. He was"
"more maneuverable, allowing them to inflict losses on the Portuguese army. The international community isolated Portugal due to the long-lasting Colonial War. The situation was aggravated by the illness of Salazar, the strong man of the regime, in 1968. His replacement was one of his closest advisors, Marcelo Caetano, who tried to slowly democratize the country, but could not hide the obvious dictatorship that oppressed Portugal. Salazar died in 1970. After spending the early years of his priesthood in Africa, the British priest Adrian Hastings created a storm in 1973 with an article in ""The Times"" about the ""Wiriyamu massacre"""
"resign on 25 June 1932, to be replaced by Salazar, who would retain the post for the following 36 years. Domingos Oliveira Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa Oliveira (; 31 July 1873, Lisbon – 24 December 1957, Lisbon) was a Portuguese general and politician. He was nominated, on 21 January 1930, Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Council of Ministers) during the period of the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) that preceded the Estado Novo (New State). A conservative, he opposed all the attempts to restore democracy, like the failed military uprising of April and May 1931 in Madeira and"
"Tarrafal camp Tarrafal (also known as ""Campo da Morte Lenta"" in Portuguese [""Camp of the Slow Death""]) was a prison camp in the Portuguese colony of Cape Verde. The penal colony was established by the Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. It housed opponents to Portugal's right-wing authoritarian regime. Due to the harsh conditions, at least 32 political prisoners died in the camp. By 1932 Salazar had become Portugal's Prime Minister (""primeiro-ministro""). After consolidating his power, he declared the Estado Novo (""New State"") in 1933. It was a government modeled"
"First Portuguese Republic The First Portuguese Republic (; officially: ""República Portuguesa"", Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May ""coup d'état"" of 1926. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as ""Ditadura Nacional"" (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist ""Estado Novo"" (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. The sixteen years of the First Republic saw nine presidents and 44 ministries, and have been described as consisting of ""continual anarchy, government"
"Artur da Távola Paulo Alberto Moretzsohn Monteiro de Barros (3 January 1936 – 9 May 2008), better known by the pseudonym Artur da Távola, was a Brazilian politician, Senator, journalist, and writer. Távola began his career as a journalist and writer. He authored twenty-three books during the course of his career. He did not enter politics until 1960. He was forced into exile in Bolivia and Chile from 1964 until 1968 due to Brazil's military dictatorship, which remained in power from 1964 until 1985. Távola adopted his well-known pseudonym ""Artur da Tavola,"" which was a reference to King Arthur. His"
"1910 through 1926. The right-wing Estado Novo regime, which ruled the country from 1926 to 1974, suppressed civil liberties and political freedom in the longest-lived dictatorship in Western Europe. It was finally deposed by the Carnation Revolution (""Revolução dos Cravos""), launched in Lisbon with a military coup on 25 April 1974. The movement was joined by a popular campaign of civil resistance, leading to the fall of the Estado Novo, the restoration of democracy, and the withdrawal of Portugal from its African colonies and East Timor. Following the revolution, there was a huge influx into Lisbon of refugees from the"
"Domingos Oliveira Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa Oliveira (; 31 July 1873, Lisbon – 24 December 1957, Lisbon) was a Portuguese general and politician. He was nominated, on 21 January 1930, Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Council of Ministers) during the period of the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) that preceded the Estado Novo (New State). A conservative, he opposed all the attempts to restore democracy, like the failed military uprising of April and May 1931 in Madeira and the Azores Islands. The popularity and political role demonstrated by the Finance Minister, António de Oliveira Salazar, led him to"
"struggle for the restoration of democracy in Portugal, the ""pro bono"" defence of political prisoners, and for raising awareness of tuberculosis as UN Secretary-General’s first Special Envoy to Stop Tuberculosis. Tuist.pt Jorge Sampaio Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio, , , () (born 18 September 1939) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th President of Portugal from 1996 to 2006. Sampaio was born in Lisbon on 18 September 1939. The Sampaio family lived abroad in the United States and the United Kingdom for some years, due to the professional activity of his father Arnaldo de Sampaio (1908–1984), a"
"Portugal in 1974. During the reign of President Luís Cabral she was imprisoned between 1977 and 1980. After her release from prison Zinha Vaz continued her political activism. In 1986 the execution of six high political figures, including the first Vice President and Minister of Justice Paulo Correira and former Attorney General Viriato Pã, took place. The six were accused of attempting a coup. Zinha Vaz became a founding figure of the Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement (RGB-MB). After the first multiparty elections in 1994, she became member of the National People's Assembly for the RGB-MB. The RGB-MB became the largest"
"of the country, which he perceived as being threatened. One of the pillars of the regime was the PIDE, the secret police. Many political dissidents were imprisoned at the Tarrafal prison in the African archipelago of Cape Verde, on the capital island of Santiago, or in local jails. Strict state censorship was in place. Executive authority was nominally vested in a president, elected by popular vote for a five-year term. On paper, the president was vested with sweeping executive and legislative powers, making him a virtual dictator. In practice, however, the real power was held by the prime minister, Salazar."
"(""The Worker""), was closed in 1948. In his personal diary he wrote: ""o estado-salazar é quem manda na igreja"" (""In Portugal the Salazar-State rules the church""). Joaquim Alves Correia was forced into exile in the United States, where he died in 1951. The opposition candidate in the 1958 presidential election, Humberto Delgado, a Roman Catholic and a dissident of the regime, quoted Pope Pius XII to show how the social policies of the regime were against the social teachings of the Church. That same year, in July 1958, Salazar suffered a severe blow from the bishop of Porto, Dom António"
"islands and over the wolfram (tungsten) trade. At the outbreak of World War II, Portugal was ruled by António de Oliveira Salazar, the man who in 1933 had founded the ""Estado Novo"" (""New State""), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974. Salazar's dislike of the Nazi regime in Germany and its imperial ambitions was tempered only by his view of the German Reich as a bastion against the spread of communism. He had favoured the Spanish nationalist cause, fearing a communist invasion of Portugal, yet he was uneasy at the prospect of a Spanish government bolstered by strong"
"Aníbal Cavaco Silva Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC, GColL (; born 15 July 1939), is an economist who was the 19th President of Portugal, in office from 9 March 2006 to 9 March 2016. He had been previously Prime Minister of Portugal from 6 November 1985 to 28 October 1995. His 10-year tenure was the longest of any prime minister since António de Oliveira Salazar, and he was the first Portuguese prime minister to win an absolute parliamentary majority under the current constitutional system. He is best known for leading Portugal into the European Union. He won the 22 January"
"he had to expend nearly all of his political capital to wrangle even these meagre reforms out of Tomás and the hardliners. Tomás, unlike his predecessor, lived in his private residence while President of the Republic, only using the Belém Palace as an office and for official ceremonies. On 25 April 1974, the ""Carnation Revolution"" ended 48 years of authoritarian rule in Portugal. After being removed from power Tomás was exiled to Brazil; he was allowed to return to Portugal in 1980, but was denied re-admission into the Portuguese Navy and the special pension for former Presidents of the Republic."
"the most distinguished Portuguese psychiatrists - the architect Raul Lino, the Educator Rui Grácio and Mário Soares. One may consider him as an ""Educator of Generations"". He was Minister of ""Public Instruction"" for two months and ten days in the government of Alvaro de Castro (1923-12-18 to 1924-02-28). He was a permanent political opponent of the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, which lasted from 1926 to 1974. He was also linked to the foundation of the Portuguese Socialist Party and to the Humberto Delgado candidacy of the Presidential Elections of 1958. (Humberto Delgado was later murdered by the PIDE,"
"Portuguese regime. The German occupation of France in 1940 forced him to seek protection in Portugal, which the government granted him with the condition that he was to be confined to his personal retreat in the northern part of Portugal. It was there in Porto that he died, aged 93, in 1944, making him the longest lived Portuguese president ever. He was the father-in-law of the noted writer Aquilino Ribeiro, and the great-grandfather of the psychologist and sexologist Júlio Machado Vaz. In 1906, Machado was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society. Bernardino Machado Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, (;"
"Afonso VI of Portugal Afonso VI (; English: ""Alphonzo"" or ""Alphonse"", Old Portuguese: ""Affonso""; 21 August 164312 September 1683), known as ""the Victorious"" (), was the second King of Portugal and the Algarves of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, the Count of Castelo Melhor. Afonso's reign saw the end of the Restoration War (1640–68) and Spain's recognition of Portugal's independence. He also negotiated a French alliance"
"Miguel I of Portugal ""Dom"" Miguel I (; English: ""Michael I""; 26 October 1802 – 14 November 1866), ""the Absolutist"" () or ""the Traditionalist"" (), was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and third son of King João VI (John VI) and his queen, Carlota Joaquina of Spain. Following his exile as a result of his actions in support of absolutism in the April Revolt (Abrilada), Miguel returned to Portugal as regent and fiancé of his niece Queen Maria II. As regent, he claimed the Portuguese throne in his own right, since according to the"
"Military dictatorship in Brazil The Brazilian military government was the authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from April 1, 1964 to March 15, 1985. It began with the 1964 ""coup d'état"" led by the Armed Forces against the administration of President João Goulart—who, having been vice-president, had assumed the office of president upon the resignation of the democratically elected president Jânio Quadros—and ended when José Sarney took office on March 15, 1985 as President. The military revolt was fomented by Magalhães Pinto, Adhemar de Barros, and Carlos Lacerda (who had already participated in the conspiracy to depose Getúlio Vargas in"
"Portuguese First Republic government and President Bernardino Machado that brought the ""Ditadura Nacional"" (National Dictatorship) to power, heralding the Estado Novo dictatorship from 1926 to 1974, with António de Oliveira Salazar ruling from 1932 to 1968. Banco de Portugal sued Waterlow & Sons in the High Court in London. In one of the most complex trials in English legal history, the case was finally settled in the House of Lords on 28 April 1932 in favour of the Banco de Portugal, which was awarded £610,392 in damages. Waterlow & Sons' business never completely recovered; it was finally acquired by De"
"who was the virtual ruler of the country during the reign (1750–77) of ""Joseph Emanuel"". Sebastião was born in Lisbon on May 13, 1699, and educated at the University of Coimbra. In 1738 he was appointed Ambassador to London and seven years later was sent to Vienna in a similar capacity. In 1750 Joseph I of Portugal, King Joseph appointed him Minister of state, and he soon proved his administrative talents. When the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake struck, he organized the relief efforts and planned its rebuilding. He was made Chief Minister in 1756, and from then on his powers"
"Parliament, being its vice-president between 1977 and 1984. José Vitoriano died February 3, 2006 in Lisbon. José Vitoriano José Rodrigues Vitoriano (1918, Silves - February 3, 2006) was a Portuguese politician and a major figure in the struggle against the Portuguese fascist regime led by António Oliveira Salazar. Vitoriano started working very young in a cork factory in Algarve and joined the Portuguese Communist Party in 1941. Between 1945 and 1948 he was the president of the cork workers' Trade Union. After that, in 1951, he became a cadre of the Party. Meanwhile, in 1948, he had been imprisoned by"
"Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 27 October 1945), popularly known simply as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2010. He was a founding member of the Workers' Party (PT) and ran unsuccessfully for President three times before achieving victory in the 2002 election. He was re-elected in the 2006 election. The introduction of social programs such as Bolsa Família and Fome Zero were hallmarks of his time in office. As President, Lula played a prominent role"
"its African colonies and begun a process of democratization that led to the accession of Portugal to the EEC (today's European Union) in 1986. In Portugal, 1926 marked the end of the First Republic, in a military coup that established an authoritarian government called ""Estado Novo"", that was led by António de Oliveira Salazar until 1968, when he was forced to step down due to health problems. Salazar was succeeded by Marcelo Caetano. The government faced many internal and external problems, including the Portuguese Colonial War. On 25 April 1974 a mostly bloodless coup of young military personnel forced Marcelo"
"Portugal in the name of the absent king who was in Brazil, with Beresford as the de facto Regent, until the Liberal Revolution of 1820 when they were driven out and the king was forced to return as a constitutional monarch. Over the next 25 years the fledgling Portuguese democracy experienced several military upheavals, especially the Liberal Wars fought between the brothers Dom Pedro, ex-Emperor of Brazil and the absolutist usurper Dom Miguel. Dom Miguel controlled the Portuguese mainland from 1828 until 1832. To assert the cause of the rightful Queen, his daughter Maria da Glória, Pedro sailed in 1832"
"Second Brazilian Republic Second Brazilian Republic is the period of Brazilian history between 1946 and 1964 also known as the ""Republic of 46"". It was marked by political instability and military's pressure on civilian politicians which ended with the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état and establishment of Brazilian military government. This period was marked by often tumultuous Presidencies of Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Getúlio Vargas, Juscelino Kubitschek, Jânio Quadros and João Goulart. In 1945, President Getúlio Vargas was deposed by a bloodless military coup, but his influence in Brazilian politics remained until the end of the Second Republic. During this period, three"