"fall. The Iberian lynx (""Lynx pardinus"") is an endangered species native to the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe. It was the most endangered cat species in the world, but conservation efforts have changed its status from critical to endangered. According to the Portuguese conservation group SOS Lynx, if this species dies out, it will be the first feline extinction since the ""Smilodon"" 10,000 years ago. The species used to be classified as a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx, but is now considered a separate species. Both species occurred together in central Europe in the Pleistocene epoch, being separated by habitat"
"Lynx issiodorensis Lynx issiodorensis, sometimes called the Issoire lynx, is an extinct species of lynx that inhabited Europe during the late Pliocene to Pleistocene epoches, and may have originated in Africa during the late Pliocene. It is named after the town of Issoire where the first remains were found. It probably became extinct during the end of the last glacial period. It is generally considered as the ancestor of all four species of lynx alive today. Its skeleton resembled that of living lynxes, but it had shorter and more robust limbs, with a larger head and longer neck. As a"
"Europe and Africa during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. The Pliocene felid ""Felis rexroadensis"" from North America has been proposed as an even earlier ancestor; however, this was larger than any living species, and is not currently classified as a true lynx. Of the four lynx species, the Eurasian lynx (""Lynx lynx"") is the largest in size. It is native to European, Central Asian, and Siberian forests. While its conservation status has been classified as ""least concern"", populations of Eurasian lynx have been reduced or extirpated from Europe, where it is now being reintroduced. The Eurasian lynx is the"
"Eurasian lynx The Eurasian lynx (""Lynx lynx"") is a medium-sized wild cat occurring from Northern, Central and Eastern Europe to Central Asia and Siberia, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas. It inhabits temperate and boreal forests up to an altitude of . Because of its wide distribution, it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008. It is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching and depletion of prey. The European lynx population is estimated at comprising maximum 10,000 individuals and is considered stable. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus described the lynx in his work ""Systema"
"result, the Issoire lynx more closely resembled a typical member of the cat family than do its extant descendants. In 1945, another lynx species ""Lynx shansius"" was described based on fossils from Asia. However, in 1984 a reexamination of the ""L. shansius"" material determined it to be synonymous with ""L. issiodorensis"". Lynx issiodorensis Lynx issiodorensis, sometimes called the Issoire lynx, is an extinct species of lynx that inhabited Europe during the late Pliocene to Pleistocene epoches, and may have originated in Africa during the late Pliocene. It is named after the town of Issoire where the first remains were found."
"Genus ""Aonyx"" Genus ""Enhydra"" Genus †""Megalenhydris"" Genus †""Sardolutra"" Genus †""Algarolutra"" Genus †""Cyrnaonyx"" Genus †""Teruelictis"" Genus †""Enhydriodon"" Genus †""Enhydritherium"" Genus †""Teruelictis"" Genus †""Limnonyx"" Genus †""Lutravus"" Genus †""Sivaonyx"" Genus †""Torolutra"" Genus †""Tyrrhenolutra"" Genus †""Vishnuonyx"" Genus †""Siamogale"" The European otter (""Lutra lutra""), also called the Eurasian otter, inhabits Europe, most of Asia and parts of North Africa. In the British Isles, they were common as recently as the 1950s, but became rare in many areas due to the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, habitat loss and water pollution (they remained relatively common in parts of Scotland and Ireland). Population levels reached a low"
"the 'Rewilding Europe' initiative was established with the aim of rewilding 1 million hectares of land in ten areas including the western Iberian Peninsula, Velebit, the Carpathians and the Danube delta by 2020, mostly abandoned farmland among other identified candidate site. The present project considers only species that are still present in Europe, such as the Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx, wolf, European jackal, Brown bear, chamois, Spanish ibex, European bison, red deer, griffon vulture, cinereous vulture, Egyptian vulture, Great white pelican and horned viper, along with a few primitive breeds of domestic horse and cattle as proxies for the extinct"
"and the Balkans where they can grow due to woody, robust rhizome, cleistogamous flowers, and a lack of foothills. The Prokletije is also the only European area where the Tertiary relic ""Forsythia europaea"" grow. Large mammal species that have long been extinct in other regions are found here, such as the Eurasian brown bear, grey wolf, red fox, European wildcat, roe deer, fallow deer, red deer, wild boar and European otter. The highly endangered Balkan lynx, a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx, is mainly found in the Thethi National Park where about roughly 20-50 individuals still roam, though poaching is"
"mainly in boreal forests of Canada and Alaska. The lynx is considered a national animal in the Republic of Macedonia and is displayed on the reverse of the 5 denar coin. It is also the national animal of Romania. Lynx A lynx (; plural lynx or lynxes) is any of the four species (Canada lynx, Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx, bobcat) within the medium-sized wild cat genus ""Lynx"". The name ""lynx"" originated in Middle English via Latin from the Greek word λύγξ, derived from the Indo-European root ""leuk-"" ('light, brightness') in reference to the luminescence of its reflective eyes. Two other"
"not true members of the genus ""Lynx"".) In a well-reported 2001 case, a young female Eurasian lynx was captured alive by police and vets in Cricklewood, north-London, after a chase across school playing fields and into a block of flats. It was placed in London Zoo and given the name ""Lara"" before ultimately being transferred to a zoo in France to breed. The captured lynx was found to be only 18 months old, although considerably larger than an average domestic cat. Around 1993, a number of reports were made of a large black cat around Bodmin Moor, nicknamed the 'Beast"
"European rabbit The European rabbit (""Oryctolagus cuniculus"") or coney is a species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (including Spain, Portugal and western France) and to northwest Africa (including Morocco and Algeria). It has been widely introduced elsewhere, often with devastating effects on local biodiversity. However, its decline in its native range (caused by the diseases myxomatosis and rabbit calicivirus, as well as overhunting and habitat loss), has caused the decline of its highly dependent predators, the Iberian lynx and the Spanish imperial eagle. It is known as an invasive species because it has been introduced to countries on all"
"Lynx A lynx (; plural lynx or lynxes) is any of the four species (Canada lynx, Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx, bobcat) within the medium-sized wild cat genus ""Lynx"". The name ""lynx"" originated in Middle English via Latin from the Greek word λύγξ, derived from the Indo-European root ""leuk-"" ('light, brightness') in reference to the luminescence of its reflective eyes. Two other cats that are sometimes called lynxes, the caracal (desert lynx) and the jungle cat (jungle lynx), are not members of the genus ""Lynx"". Lynx have a short tail, characteristic tufts of black hair on the tips of their ears,"
"far as is known) a predator of Eurasian lynx, are in some areas a semi-habitual usurpers of ungulate kills by lynxes, not infrequently before the cat has had a chance to consume its kill itself. Northern lynx The Northern lynx (""Lynx lynx lynx"") is a medium-sized subspecies of Eurasian lynx (""Lynx lynx""). The Northern lynx found in the Fennoscandia, Baltic states, northern and central part of Poland (including Białowieża Forest and Kampinos National Park), Belarus, European part of western, northern, central, eastern part of Russia, Ural Mountains, Western Siberia east to the Yenisei river. Northern lynx prey largely on small"
"Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. It is regionally extinct in the United Kingdom, due to habitat loss. As well it has been extinct in the British Isles, since the 1860s, with declining numbers occurring across numerous, other western European countries. The subspecies ""Lycaena dispar batava"" is only found in marshy areas in North West Overijssel (the areas Weerribben and Wieden) in the Netherlands. Furthermore, it only feeds on ""Rumex hydrolapathum"", making it a vulnerable subspecies. To protect"
"tall grass. Although this cat hunts on the ground, it can climb trees and can swim swiftly, catching fish. The Eurasian lynx ranges from central and northern Europe across Asia up to Northern Pakistan and India. In Iran, they live in Mount Damavand area. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Eurasian lynx was considered extinct in the wild in Slovenia and Croatia. A resettlement project, begun in 1973, has successfully reintroduced lynx to the Slovenian Alps and the Croatian regions of Gorski Kotar and Velebit, including Croatia's Plitvice Lakes National Park and Risnjak National Park. In both countries,"
"now restricted to very limited areas in southern Spain, with breeding only confirmed in Sierra Morena and Doñana coastal plains. A study of mitochondrial DNA from fossil remains, published in March 2015, suggests the Iberian lynx had a wider range during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, including northern Italy and southern France. The Iberian lynx prefers heterogeneous environments of open grassland mixed with dense shrubs such as strawberry tree, mastic, and juniper, and trees such as holm oak and cork oak. It is now largely restricted to mountainous areas. The Iberian lynx preys foremost on the European rabbit (""Oryctolagus cuniculus"")"
"Northern lynx The Northern lynx (""Lynx lynx lynx"") is a medium-sized subspecies of Eurasian lynx (""Lynx lynx""). The Northern lynx found in the Fennoscandia, Baltic states, northern and central part of Poland (including Białowieża Forest and Kampinos National Park), Belarus, European part of western, northern, central, eastern part of Russia, Ural Mountains, Western Siberia east to the Yenisei river. Northern lynx prey largely on small to fairly large sized mammals and birds. Among the recorded prey items are european hares, mountain hares, red squirrels, siberian flying squirrels, dormice, other rodents, mustelids (such as martens), grouse, red foxes, raccoon dogs, young"
"is estimated currently to be larger than ever before. Lynx in Britain were wiped out in the 17th century, but there have been calls to reintroduce them to curb the numbers of deer. The critically endangered Iberian lynx lives in southern Spain and formerly in eastern Portugal. There is an Iberian lynx reproduction center outside Silves in the Algarve in southern Portugal. The two ""Lynx"" species in North America, Canada lynx and bobcats, are both found in the temperate zone. While the bobcat is common throughout southern Canada, the continental United States and northern Mexico, the Canada lynx is present"
"19th century, it had become extirpated in most countries of Central and Western Europe. There have been successful attempts to reintroduce this lynx to forests. Status of the Eurasian lynx in various European countries and regions: Eurasian lynx The Eurasian lynx (""Lynx lynx"") is a medium-sized wild cat occurring from Northern, Central and Eastern Europe to Central Asia and Siberia, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas. It inhabits temperate and boreal forests up to an altitude of . Because of its wide distribution, it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008. It is threatened"
"China, particularly the Tibetan Plateau. In Romania, the numbers exceed 2,000, the largest population in Europe outside of Russia, although most experts consider the official population numbers to be overestimated. The lynx is more common in northern Europe, especially in Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Finland, and the northern parts of Russia. The Swedish population is estimated to be 1200–1500 individuals, spread all over the country, but more common in middle Sweden and in the mountain range. The lynx population in Finland was 1900–2100 individuals in 2008, and the numbers have been increasing every year since 1992. The lynx population in Finland"
"European hamster The European hamster (""Cricetus cricetus""), also known as the Eurasian hamster, black-bellied hamster or common hamster, is the only species of the genus ""Cricetus"". It is native to a large range in Eurasia, extending from Belgium to the Altai mountains and Yenisey River in Russia. Where abundant the animal is widely considered a farmland pest, and it has also been trapped for its fur. Across its global range, it is considered of least concern, but in many individual Western European countries it is considered critically endangered. ""Cricetus"" is also a monotypic genus. The European hamster has brown dorsal"
"all continents except Antarctica and Australia. Most reports are Holarctic. Locations where it has been recorded include: Denmark, Egypt, the Faroe Islands, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Iberia, Mongolia, and China. Doyère based his description off specimens collected in Paris. The neotype designated by Gąsiorek and colleagues was collected in Paris's Montmartre Cemetery. The type localities of the junior synonyms ""E. bellermanni"" and ""E. inermis"" are both in Germany: the former is Greifswald, and the latter is the Taunus mountains near Frankfurt. Echiniscus testudo Echiniscus testudo is a cosmopolitan species of tardigrade. The species was described by Louis"
"of the common name ""great grey shrike"". The type locality of Linnaeus is simply given as ""Europa"" (""Europe""). The scientific name of the great grey shrike literally means ""sentinel butcher"": ""Lanius"" is the Latin term for a butcher, while ""excubitor"" is Latin for a watchman or sentinel. This refers to the birds' two most conspicuous behaviours – storing food animals by impaling them on thorns, and using exposed tree-tops or poles to watch the surrounding area for possible prey. Use of the former by Conrad Gessner established the quasi-scientific term ""lanius"" for the shrikes. Linnaeus chose his specific name because"
"of the same species, Horvath's specific name has priority even though Haupt's new genus is accepted. Throughout much of the 20th century it was regarded as a pontomediterranean species, i.e. inhabiting the area between the Black Sea (""ho pontos"" to the ancient Greeks) and the Mediterranean. Since then it has expanded its range rapidly northwards and westwards. It has been known in France, initially Montpellier, since 1972, and in Switzerland since 2000. In 2008-9 it was discovered in Hamburg and Öhringen, two widely separated locations in Germany, and also at Liège in Belgium. It reached the London area in 2007,"
"and grasses. The venom of ""Oxyopes lineatus"" contains peptide toxins called oxotoxins (OxyTx1 and OxyTx2), which were discovered in 2008. Two sub-species are recognised: ""Oxyopes lineatus"" is primarily a European spider and has been reported from Europe (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, Romania, Ukraine, and southern Russia), Turkey, the Near East, the Caucasus and Central Asia. They are found most often on small plants near the ground, particularly in bushes and grasses. Oxyopes lineatus Oxyopes lineatus is a species of spider in the family Oxyopidae, the so-called lynx spiders. They are ambush hunting spiders and do not"
"it is absent from Ireland. In Germany it is widespread, mainly in the south. In Hungary this species is widespread in the hilly and mountainous areas. In Romania it is widespread, especially in the hilly areas with sun exposed slopes. It also occurs in the European part of Turkey. In Italy it is mainly distributed in northern and central regions. In Spain and Portugal it is present only in the northern half of each country. In Britain it is largely confined to the south-east of England, where it is widespread. This species is now extinct in Denmark and Latvia. It"
"Cyrnaonyx Cyrnaonyx is an extinct genus of Lutrinae, otters from the Pleistocene. It was originally described by Helbing based on materials from France and he also attributed material from Corse to it. The latter appeared to belong to another species and genus, ""Algarolutra majori"". The only species of ""Cyrnaonyx"" is ""C. antiqua"". It is known from the Pleistocene (Holsteinian to Eemian/Weichselian) of Europe: France, Germany, Netherlands, Southern England and probably Italy. The dentition is more robust than in the common otter ""Lutra"" and the diet probably consisted of more crustaceans and less fish, like in modern ""Aonyx"". The skull was"
"oak (""Quercus ilex"") or the Portuguese oak (""Quercus faginea""). Due to their economic value, some species of the genus ""Eucalyptus"" were introduced and are now common, despite their environmental impact. Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest, which nowadays, in Europe, is only restricted to the Iberian Peninsula: in the Azores, and in particular on the island of Madeira, there are large forests of endemic ""Laurisilva"" forests (the latter protected as a natural heritage preserve). There are several species of diverse mammalian fauna, including the fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (""Capra pyrenaica""), wild cat (""Felis silvestris""),"
"the lynx is listed as an endangered species and protected by law. The lynx was distributed throughout Japan during Jōmon period, but no archeological evidence thereafter suggesting extinction at that time. Several lynx resettlement projects begun in the 1970s have been successful in various regions of Switzerland. Since the 1990s, there have been numerous efforts to resettle the Eurasian lynx in Germany, and since 2000, a small population can now be found in the Harz mountains near Bad Lauterberg. The lynx is found in the Białowieża Forest in northeastern Poland, in Estonia and in the northern and western parts of"
"Balkan lynx The Balkan lynx (""Lynx lynx balcanicus"" syn. ""Lynx lynx martinoi"") is a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx in the genus ""Lynx"". It is found in eastern Albania and western Macedonia, with smaller populations in Kosovo and Montenegro. It is considered a national symbol in the Republic of Macedonia and appears on the Macedonian five denar coin. It is believed that in Macedonia there are from 35 to 40 remaining Balkan lynx, mostly found in Mavrovo National Park. This cat is considered to be the largest cat in the Balkans. It has been sighted in 2011 and 2012 in"
"third largest predator in Europe after the brown bear and the grey wolf. It is a strict carnivore, consuming about one or two kilograms of meat every day. The Eurasian lynx is one of the widest-ranging. During the summer, the Eurasian lynx has a relatively short, reddish or brown coat which is replaced by a much thicker silver-grey to greyish-brown coat during winter. The lynx hunts by stalking and jumping its prey, helped by the rugged, forested country in which it resides. A favorite prey for the lynx in its woodland habitat is roe deer. It will feed however on"
"region (excluding the Iberian Peninsula and perhaps Romania but including Cyprus), and Korea. There do not appear to be breeding records from the entire Kamchatka Peninsula; in Switzerland, the present day Czech Republic and southern Germany small populations were found in the mid-20th century but have declined or even disappeared since then. Except for the subspecies ""bianchii"" which is largely all-year resident, and subspecies ""excubitor"" in the temperate European parts of its range with their mild maritime climate, the species is a short-distance migrant. The migrations are triggered by scarcity of food and therefore, according to prey population levels, the"
"moorhen, pochard, woodlark, little grebe, mistle thrush, song thrush, curlew, magpie, swift, greenfinch, oriole, Cetti's warbler, nightingale, little bustard, great crested grebe, shelduck, pied flycatcher, spotted flycatcher, common flycatcher, tufted duck, pochar, ferruginous duck, azure-winged magpie, buzzard, common buzzard, common scoter, short-toed lark, stonechat, merganser, firecrest, gull-billed tern, siskin, water rail, bunting, reed bunting, black-bellied sandgrouse. Deer, rabbit, European hedgehog, genet, wild cat, wild boar, iberian lynx (endangered species), dormouse, mongoose, bat, cave bat, greater horseshoe bat, buzzard bat, shrew, otter, mouse, polecat, fox, badger, water rat, black rat, lesser noctule. The Iberian lynx, whose habitat is restricted to the"