"The Nine Muses The Nine Muses, Or, Poems Written by Nine severall Ladies Upon the death of the late Famous John Dryden, Esq. (London: Richard Basset, 1700) was an elegiac volume of poetry published pseudonymously. The contributors were English women writers, each of whom signed their poems with the names of Muses. The collection was edited by Delarivier Manley (who wrote as ""Melpomene"" and ""Thalia"") and includes pieces by Susanna Centlivre (""perhaps,"" according to Blain et al.), Sarah Fyge Egerton (""Erato"", ""Euterpe"", and ""Terpsichore""), Mary Pix (""Clio""), Catherine Trotter (""Calliope""), and Sarah Piers (""Urania""). The poet writing as ""Polimnia"" (Of"
"change in the direction of the poem. Erato In Greek mythology, Erato (; Ancient Greek: Ἐρατώ) is one of the Greek Muses. The name would mean ""desired"" or ""lovely"", if derived from the same root as Eros, as Apollonius of Rhodes playfully suggested in the invocation to Erato that begins Book III of his ""Argonautica"". Erato is the Muse of love poetry. In the Orphic hymn to the Muses, it is Erato who charms the sight. Since the Renaissance she has mostly been shown with a wreath of myrtle and roses, holding a lyre, or a small kithara, a musical"
"Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original (Boeotian) muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoide and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means ""ponder"" and ""contemplation"" in Greek. According to Pausanias in the later 2nd century AD, there were three original Muses: Aoidē (""song"" or ""voice""), Meletē (""practice"" or ""occasion""), and Mnēmē (""memory""). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshipped as well, but with other names: Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē,"
"Muses In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, ""Moũsai"") are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They are considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in these ancient cultures. In current English usage, ""muse"" can refer in general to a person who inspires an artist, musician, or writer. The word ""Muses"" (, ""Moũsai"") perhaps came from the o-grade of the Proto-Indo-European root *""men-"" (""to think"") or from root *""men-"" (""to tower, mountain"") since all the most important cult-centres of the"
"Polyhymnia Polyhymnia (; ; ""the one of many hymns""), also spelt Polymnia (Πολύμνια) was in Greek mythology the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance, and eloquence as well as agriculture and pantomime. Her name comes from the Greek words ""poly"" meaning ""many"" and ""hymnos"", which means ""praise"". She is depicted as very serious, pensive and meditative, and often holding a finger to her mouth, dressed in a long cloak and veil and resting her elbow on a pillar. Polyhymnia is also sometimes credited as being the Muse of geometry and meditation. In Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus Siculus wrote, ""Polyhymnia, because"
"which are the names of the three chords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively they were called Cēphisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, whose names characterise them as daughters of Apollo. In later tradition, four Muses were recognized: Thelxinoē, Aoedē, Archē, and Meletē, said to be daughters of Zeus and Plusia (or of Uranus). Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original (Boeotian) muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoide and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means ""ponder"" and ""contemplation"" in Greek. According to Pausanias"
"Erato In Greek mythology, Erato (; Ancient Greek: Ἐρατώ) is one of the Greek Muses. The name would mean ""desired"" or ""lovely"", if derived from the same root as Eros, as Apollonius of Rhodes playfully suggested in the invocation to Erato that begins Book III of his ""Argonautica"". Erato is the Muse of love poetry. In the Orphic hymn to the Muses, it is Erato who charms the sight. Since the Renaissance she has mostly been shown with a wreath of myrtle and roses, holding a lyre, or a small kithara, a musical instrument often associated with Apollo. In Simon"
"life as well as knowing numerous playwrights and acting alongside the famous actor David Garrick, who was also frequently painted by Reynolds and Gainsborough. Muse of Tragedy: Melpoméne is a character from Greek and Roman mythology, one of nine muses of the arts. She was originally the Muse of Song but then became the Muse of Tragedy. Singing was often utilized in Greek tragedies, which is how the transition from Melpoméne's identification with song shifted to tragedy. The name Melpoméne comes from the Greek word melpo or melpomai, which means """"to celebrate with dance and song. """"In many statues and"
"comic mask in her hand. Many of her statues also hold a bugle and a trumpet (both used to support the actors' voices in ancient comedy), or occasionally a shepherd's staff or a wreath of ivy. Thalia (Muse) Thalia (; ; ""the joyous, the flourishing"", from , ""thállein""; ""to flourish, to be verdant""), also spelled Thaleia, was the goddess who presided over comedy and idyllic poetry. In this context her name means ""flourishing"", because the praises in her songs flourish through time. She was the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, the eighth-born of the nine Muses. According to pseudo-Apollodorus, she"
"thought, was one of the civilizing activities, like wine-making or music. The dance in armor (the ""Pyrrhic dance"" or pyrrhichios [Πυρρίχη]) was a male coming-of-age initiation ritual linked to a warrior victory celebration. Both Jane Ellen Harrison and the French classicist Henri Jeanmaire have shown that both the Kouretes (Κουρῆτες) and Cretan Zeus, who was called ""the greatest ""kouros"" (κοῦρος)"", were intimately connected with the transition of boys into manhood in Cretan cities. The English ""Pyrrhic Dance"" is a corruption of the original ""Pyrríkhē"" or the ""Pyrríkhios Khorós"" ""Pyrrhichian Dance"". It has no relationship with the king Pyrrhus of Epirus,"
"Thalia (Muse) Thalia (; ; ""the joyous, the flourishing"", from , ""thállein""; ""to flourish, to be verdant""), also spelled Thaleia, was the goddess who presided over comedy and idyllic poetry. In this context her name means ""flourishing"", because the praises in her songs flourish through time. She was the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, the eighth-born of the nine Muses. According to pseudo-Apollodorus, she and Apollo were the parents of the Corybantes. Other ancient sources, however, gave the Corybantes different parents. She was portrayed as a young woman with a joyous air, crowned with ivy, wearing boots and holding a"
"while Terpsichore was the Muse of dance. In the 6th century BC, the ""choros"" became a lasting feature of Greek theatre while women known as the Dyonysiac, frequently depicted on Greek vases, dance in frensy, celebrating Dionysus, the god of wine. In Ancient Rome, female singers and dancers performed in the annual celebrations of Isis which included mystery plays representing the resurrection of Osiris. The Bible contains several accounts of women dancing, in particular the celebrations led by Miriam after the crossing of the Red Sea when women are said to have danced and played hand-drums. After David had returned"
"Walt Disney animated film ""Hercules"" (1997). The Muses narrate the film in gospel-inspired song and dance. In New Orleans, Louisiana, there are streets named for all nine Muses. It is commonly held that the local pronunciation of the names has been colorfully anglicized in an unusual manner by the ""Yat"" dialect. The pronunciations are actually in line with the French, Spanish and Creole roots of the city. Muses In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, ""Moũsai"") are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They are considered the source of the knowledge embodied in"
"and Europe, teaching the arts of cultivation wherever he went. According to Hesiod's account (c. 600 BC), generally followed by the writers of antiquity, the Nine Muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (i.e., ""Memory"" personified), figuring as personifications of knowledge and the arts, especially literature, dance and music. The Roman scholar Varro (116–27 BC) relates that there are only three Muses: one born from the movement of water, another who makes sound by striking the air, and a third who is embodied only in the human voice. They were called Melete or ""Practice"", Mneme or ""Memory"" and"
"for some time and decided to make Apollo, leader of the muses, its central figure while reducing the number of muses from nine to three. They were Terpsichore, personifying the rhythm of poetry and the eloquence of gesture as embodied in the dance; Calliope, combining poetry and rhythm; and Polyhymnia, representing mime. Stravinsky explained the original title ""Apollon Musagète"" to mean ""Apollo, Leader of the Muses"". Stravinsky wrote for a homogeneous ensemble of bowed string instruments, substituting contrasts in dynamics for the contrasts in timbre he employed in ""Pulcinella"". The ballet takes its inspiration from the grand tradition of French"
"unrelated to this Muse. It has a different etymology meaning ""the height of Oeta (Oiti)"". Hypate In Greek mythology, Hypate (Ὑπάτη) was one of the three Muses of the lyre who were worshipped at Delphi, where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. Her name was also the highest of the seven notes of the lyre. Her sisters who were worshipped along with her were Nete and Mese. These three muses were comparable to the original three, Aoide, Melete, and Mneme. Alternatively, they were Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which portrayed them as the daughters of Apollo. The name"
"Korybantes According to the Greek mythology, the Korybantes (; ) were the armed and crested dancers who worshipped the Phrygian goddess Cybele with drumming and dancing. They are also called the Kurbantes in Phrygia. The conventional English equivalent is ""Corybants"". The Korybantes were the offspring of Thalia and Apollo. The name Korybantes is of uncertain etymology. Edzard Johan Furnée and R. S. P. Beekes have suggested a Pre-Greek origin. Others refer the name to *κορυβή (""korybé""), the Macedonian version of κορυφή (""koryphé"") ""crown, top, mountain peak"", explaining their association with mountains, particularly Olympus. The Kuretes or Kouretes () were nine"
"Melpomene Melpomene (; ), initially the Muse of Chorus, she then became the Muse of Tragedy, for which she is best known now. Her name was derived from the Greek verb melpô or melpomai meaning ""to celebrate with dance and song."" She is often represented with a tragic mask and wearing the cothurnus, boots traditionally worn by tragic actors. Often, she also holds a knife or club in one hand and the tragic mask in the other. Melpomene is the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne. Her sisters include Calliope (muse of epic poetry), Clio (muse of history), Euterpe (muse of"
"of poetry; Polyhymnia, the muse of rhetoric; and Terpsichore, the muse of dance. The theme is: Apollon musagetes instructs the muses in their arts and leads them to Parnassus. The ballet is divided into two ""tableaux"": Balanchine shortened the title to ""Apollo"" in the 1950s, which Stravinsky himself came to prefer. Despite the popularly considered Balanchine-Stravinsky Greek link due to Balanchine's later work with Stravinsky scores in ""Orpheus"" and ""Agon"", the music for ""Apollo"" was commissioned by the Library of Congress. ""Orpheus"" may be considered a sequel to ""Apollo"" but ""Agon"" is a formal plotless ballet whose title in Greek"
"with a staff to heaven, as the Muse of astronomy. Quintus Pomponius Musa Quintus Pomponius Musa was a magistrate, moneyer and banker during the Republican Period in Rome, around 66 BC. He was a member of the Pomponia gens. According to the National Museum of Scotland, moneyers commissioned designs, which often referred to famous ancestors, associations to favourite cults, or, as here, puns on their names. Musa created ten coin designs: one design for each of the nine Muses, a play on Musa's name; and one coin featuring the image of Hercules with the inscription ""HERCULES MUSARUM"" (Hercules of the"
"Horos Horos, khoros, choros (χορός) means ""dance"" in the Greek language. This word occurs in the names of numerous Greek dances, which may be literally translated as ""dance of..."" or ""dance from..."". Sometimes the word may be omitted, e.g., both """"Hasapikos choros"""" (""Dance of butchers"") and Hasapiko may be seen in use . In Ancient Greece dance and song were inseparable parts of celebration and theatre. In fact the word choir originates from ""choros"" as well (see Greek chorus). Many Greek villages have a flat place ""chorostasi""/""horostasi"" (Χοροστάσι) where dances, weddings and other events take place. The term ""chorostasi"" denotes"
"of warmth in winters is due to his departure. During his absence, Delphi was under the care of Dionysus, and no prophecies were given during winters. Apollo's music is soulful and enchanting. His music would deliver people from their pain, and hence, like Dionysus, he is also called the liberator. Apollo is often seen as the companion of the Muses and as ""Musagetes"", he leads them into dance while he sang. He is found delighting the immortal gods with his songs and music on the lyre. Apollo and the Muses are often seen on Parnassus, which is one of their"
"dancer stops. Traditionally, applause was not sought nor commonly given, out of respect. This did not, however, lessen creativity, with dancers performing feats such as standing on a glass of wine or a chair or fireplace, or picking up a table, adding a sense of little braggadocio and humor. It is believed that the name of the dance devires of Greeks who immigrated to Asia Minor from Thrace. These immigrants, called zeibekfli or zeibektdes. Nisiotika: Nisiotika is the name of the dances of Greek islands. It is a form of folk music including, all the above dances of Greek antiqity:"
"of Aetolia and Acarnania in mainland Greece had been imported from Crete. Korybantes According to the Greek mythology, the Korybantes (; ) were the armed and crested dancers who worshipped the Phrygian goddess Cybele with drumming and dancing. They are also called the Kurbantes in Phrygia. The conventional English equivalent is ""Corybants"". The Korybantes were the offspring of Thalia and Apollo. The name Korybantes is of uncertain etymology. Edzard Johan Furnée and R. S. P. Beekes have suggested a Pre-Greek origin. Others refer the name to *κορυβή (""korybé""), the Macedonian version of κορυφή (""koryphé"") ""crown, top, mountain peak"", explaining their"
"Euphrosyne Euphrosyne (; Εὐφροσύνη), in ancient Greek religion, was one of the Charites, known in English as the ""Three Graces"". She was usually called Euthymia (Εὐθυμία). According to Greek myth, Euphrosyne and the two other Charites were daughters of Zeus and the Oceanid Eurynome. The Greek poet Pindar states that these goddesses were created to fill the world with pleasant moments and good will. Usually the Graces attended the goddess of beauty Aphrodite and her companion Eros and loved dancing around in a circle to Apollo's divine music, together with the Nymphs and the Muses. Euphrosyne is usually depicted with"
"two big rocks above Delphi, then down into a large square basin. The water was used by the Pythia, who were priests and priestesses, for oracular purposes including divination. Polyhymnia Polyhymnia (; ; ""the one of many hymns""), also spelt Polymnia (Πολύμνια) was in Greek mythology the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance, and eloquence as well as agriculture and pantomime. Her name comes from the Greek words ""poly"" meaning ""many"" and ""hymnos"", which means ""praise"". She is depicted as very serious, pensive and meditative, and often holding a finger to her mouth, dressed in a long cloak and"
"comedy. It had, according to the supposition of Müller, like all the music and poetry of the Dorians, originated in Crete, but was at an early period introduced in the island of Delos, where it seems to have continued to be performed down to the time of Lucian. A similar kind of dance was the ""geranos"" (crane dance), which Theseus on his return from Crete was said to have performed in Delos, and which was customary in this island as late as the time of Plutarch. The leader of this dance was called ""geranoulkos"". It was performed with blows, and"
"named after the nine Muses. These girls, believing that their skills were a great match to the Muses, afterwards entered into a contest with the Muses. Being conquered, they were transformed into birds called Colymbas, Iyngx, Cenchris, Cissa, Chloris, Acalanthis, Nessa, Pipo, and Dracontis. In the account of Pausanias, Pierus has emigrated from Thrace into Boeotia and established the worship of the Muses at Thespiae. Pierus of Emathia In Greek mythology, Pierus (), was the king of Emathia in Macedonia. He was the eponym of Pieria and Mt. Pierus. Pierus was credited to be the first to write in the"
"the younger, a group in bronze of Zeus and Ganymede, dedicated at Olympia by Gnothis, a Thessalian. The Muse by the latter, mentioned above, was in bronze, held a lyre (), and was intended to represent the Muse of the diatonic genus of music. Aristocles (sculptors) Aristocles () is a name attributed to two sculptors in Ancient Greece, as well as a nominal hereditary school of sculpture, started by the elder Aristocles, known to us primarily through different passages in Pausanias. From these passages we infer that these artists founded a school of sculpture at Sicyon, which secured a hereditary"
"of Salome, who danced for King Herod, as mentioned in the New Testament in Matthew 14:6 and Mark 6:21-22. However, although the Bible records Salome's dance, the first mention of her removing seven veils occurs in Oscar Wilde's play of 'Salome', in 1893. In ancient Greece, the lawgiver Solon established several classes of prostitutes in the late 6th century BC. Among these classes of prostitutes were the auletrides: female dancers, acrobats, and musicians, noted for dancing naked in an alluring fashion in front of audiences of men. In ancient Rome, dance featuring stripping was part of the entertainments ""(ludi)"" at"
"poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Terpsichore (dance), Erato (love poetry), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry), and Urania (astronomy). According to Pausanias in the later second century AD, there were originally three Muses, worshipped on Mount Helicon in Boeotia: Aoide (""song"" or ""tune""), Melete (""practice"" or ""occasion""), and Mneme (""memory""). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshiped as well, but with other names: Nete, Mese, and Hypate, which are assigned as the names of the three cords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively, later they were called Cephisso,"
"and Avestan ""Mazda"". The Muses, therefore, were both the embodiments and sponsors of performed metrical speech: ""mousike"" (whence the English term ""music"") was just ""one of the arts of the Muses"". Others included Science, Geography, Mathematics, Philosophy, and especially Art, Drama, and inspiration. In the archaic period, before the widespread availability of books (scrolls), this included nearly all of learning. The first Greek book on astronomy, by Thales, took the form of dactylic hexameters, as did many works of pre-Socratic philosophy. Both Plato and the Pythagoreans explicitly included philosophy as a sub-species of ""mousike"". The ""Histories"" of Herodotus, whose primary"
"represents Augustus. Antonius Musa Antonius Musa (Greek ) was a Greek botanist and the Roman Emperor Augustus's physician; Antonius was a freedman who received freeborn status along with other honours. In the year 23 BC, when Augustus was seriously ill, Musa cured the illness with cold compresses and became immediately famous. ""Musa"", the plant group which includes the banana, the plantain and numerous other species, was apparently named after him. However, ""Musa"" may be a Latinization the Arabic ""mauz"" (موز) name for the fruit. ""Mauz"" meaning ""Musa"" is discussed in the 11th century Arabic encyclopedia ""The Canon of Medicine"", which"