"followed the war, as young Dutch couples started the families they couldn't previously due to the war. They had lived through the hardships of the Great Depression and the hell of war. They wanted to start afresh and live better lives without the poverty, starvation, terror, and extreme frugality they knew so well. They had little taste for a strictly imposed rule-oriented traditional system with its rigid hierarchies, sharp pillarised boundaries and strictly orthodox religious doctrines. The translation of ""The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care"" (1946), by American pediatrician Benjamin Spock was a best-seller. His vision of"
"1996. Florence Blake Florence Guinness Blake (November 30, 1907 - September 12, 1983) was an American nurse, professor and author who made significant contributions to pediatric nursing and to family-centered nursing care. Blake wrote her classic text, ""The Child, His Parents and the Nurse"", in 1954. She co-authored two other pediatric nursing textbooks, ""Essentials of Pediatric Nursing"" and ""Nursing Care of Children"". She was on the nursing faculty at several American universities. She was posthumously honored with induction into the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame. Florence Blake was born on November 30, 1907. She was the daughter of musician"
"Florence Blake Florence Guinness Blake (November 30, 1907 - September 12, 1983) was an American nurse, professor and author who made significant contributions to pediatric nursing and to family-centered nursing care. Blake wrote her classic text, ""The Child, His Parents and the Nurse"", in 1954. She co-authored two other pediatric nursing textbooks, ""Essentials of Pediatric Nursing"" and ""Nursing Care of Children"". She was on the nursing faculty at several American universities. She was posthumously honored with induction into the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame. Florence Blake was born on November 30, 1907. She was the daughter of musician Thelma"
"World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook ""Baby and Child Care"" (1946). Spock had mothers advised to raise their infants according to their own common sense and with plenty of physical contact – a guideline that radically broke with the preceding doctrines of L. Emmett Holt and John B. Watson; the book became a bestseller, and Spock's new child rearing concept greatly influenced the upbringing of the post-war generations. Thirty years later, Jean Liedloff caused a stir by a ""continuum concept"" that she presented to the public in"
"Luther Emmett Holt Luther Emmett Holt (March 4, 1855 – January 14, 1924) was an American pediatrician and author, noted for writing ""The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses"" in 1894. Born near Rochester, New York, Holt graduated from the University of Rochester in 1875. He went to medical school in the University at Buffalo and then the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, earning his M.D. in 1880. He pioneered the science of pediatrics, and became the head physician at New York's Babies Hospital in 1888. Under his leadership"
"the diseased, the degenerate, the defective, and the criminal. He wrote ""The Care and Feeding of Children"" to great acclaim, and the text quickly became a bestseller. He also wrote ""Diseases of Infancy and Childhood"" in 1896; the book would go through 11 editions and remain the definitive text on pediatrics until 1940. Editions published after Holt's death were revised and edited by his son, Luther Emmett Holt, Jr., and Rustin McIntosh. In 1967, Holt, Jr., renewed the copyright. In 1980, Appleton/Classics of Medicine Library published a facsimile of the 1897 first edition. Holt was a professor at Columbia University"
"she worked for 18 years. Zabriskie, Louise (1935). ""Mother and baby care in pictures"". Philadelphia; Montreal: J.B. Lippincott Co. Zabriskie, Louise; Trabb. I (1944). ""Los signos neurológicos en pediatría"" (in Spanish). Buenos aires: Guillermo Kraft. Louise Zabriskie Louise Zabriskie (13 June 1872 – 12 December 1957) was registered nurse and the founder and director of Maternity Consultation Service, which offered free health services to expectant mothers in Manhattan. She authored textbooks on nursing and obstetrics, including the well regarded ""Nurses Handbook of Obstetrics"", as well as the popular pre-natal and early parenting manual ""Mother and Baby Care in Pictures"". Louise"
"Churchill died in Boston, Massachusetts, on 27 February 1946. Frank Spooner Churchill Frank Spooner Churchill (26 August 1864 – 27 February 1946) was an American paediatrician who took a special interest in infant feeding. A graduate of Harvard University, as a paediatrician Churchill took a particular interest in public health, early child health and in breastfeeding. Much of his research centered around the untoward effects of lack of breast milk or inadequate modified milk. He became the chief editor of the ""American Journal of Diseases of Children"" and the president of the American Pediatric Society. After the First World War,"
"child care by supporting flexibility instead of rigidity and encouraging parents to show affection for their children. Although Spock was approached to write a child-care manual in 1938 by Doubleday, he did not yet feel certain enough of his professional abilities to accept the offer. Eventually, though, after several more years of giving advice to mothers, Spock felt more convinced of his advice and published a paperback copy of ""The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care"" in 1946 with Pocket Books. His intent in writing the book was to disseminate comprehensive information to all mothers, giving advice that"
"should have confidence in their abilities and trust their instincts. The famous first line of the book reads, “Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do.” Spock's book helped revolutionize child care in the 1940s and 1950s. Prior to this, rigid schedules permeated pediatric care. Influential authors like behavioral psychologist John B. Watson, who wrote ""Psychological Care of Infant and Child"" in 1928, and pediatrician Luther Emmett Holt, who wrote ""The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses"" in 1894, told parents to feed babies on strict schedules and start"
"Care of Infant and Child"" (Watson 1928) and then ""Baby and Child Care"" (Spock 1946). Holt promoted the idea of regimented and disciplined parenting. His book included a schedule of activities (such as toilet training) to be learned at specific ages, and meals to at regular hours to ""prevent disease"". He advised that: ""Babies under six months should never be played with: and the less of it at anytime the better for the infant. They are made nervous and irritable, sleep badly and suffer from indigestion."" The Babies Hospital under Holt's leadership became the pediatrics department of Columbia University College"
"Julius Hess Julius Hess (January 26, 1876 – November 2, 1955) was an American physician who is often considered the father of American neonatology. In 1922, he published the first textbook focused on the care of prematurity and birth defects in infants. That same year, Hess and nurse Evelyn Lundeen created the first premature infant station in the United States, recognizing the importance of nursing care and temperature management in the care of preterm babies. Hess also made early contributions to the transport of such infants to specialty centers. Hess was born on January 26, 1876 in Ottawa, Illinois. He"
"an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Instructor of Mental Hygiene at Johns Hopkins. ""Dr. Kay Winthrop, Intern"" 1947 ""Susie Stuart, M.D., : a Story of a Young Doctor"" 1941 ""Susie Stuart, Home Front Doctor"" 1943 ""Famous Men of Medicine"" 1950 ""Famous Modern Men of Medicine"" 1965 ""Nursing as a Career"" 1970 ""Early Child Care: The New Perspectives"" 1968 Caroline Augusta Chandler Caroline Augusta Chandler (1906-1979) was a notable doctor, author and a pioneer in the medical field for many women. Her efforts to recruit more young women in the field of science included writing books for young girls about the"
"for Children and Parents at the Tavistock Clinic in London after World War II. The result was the monograph ""Maternal Care and Mental Health"" published in 1951, which sets out the maternal deprivation hypothesis. Bowlby drew together such empirical evidence as existed at the time from across Europe and the US, including Spitz (1946) and Goldfarb (1943, 1945). His main conclusions, that ""the infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment"" and that not to do so might have significant and irreversible"
"providing minimal stimulation and managing the temperature of premature babies. Hess remained in practice as a physician until his death. He died suddenly while visiting his daughter in Los Angeles on November 2, 1955. Julius Hess Julius Hess (January 26, 1876 – November 2, 1955) was an American physician who is often considered the father of American neonatology. In 1922, he published the first textbook focused on the care of prematurity and birth defects in infants. That same year, Hess and nurse Evelyn Lundeen created the first premature infant station in the United States, recognizing the importance of nursing care"
"Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro. His best known book, ""A Vida do Bebê"" (The Baby's Life) has sold more than 6,5 million volumes in 41 editions , all personally revised and updated by him, and which is considered the best reference for Brazilian parents. The book, first published in 1941, is for Brazil what Dr. Benjamin Spock's (1903–1998) ""The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care"" (published 1943) was for the United States.. He was also a strong proponent of what he considered the three greatest breakthroughs in child health: antibiotics, vaccines and breast feeding. He was"
"a book of the same title (1975). In Venezuela, Liedhoff had studied Ye'kuana people, and later she recommended to Western mothers to nurse and to wear their infants and to share their bed with them. She argued that infants, speaking in terms of evolution, have not arrived in the modernity yet, so that today's way of child care – with bottle feeding, use of cribs and baby carriages, etc. – does not meet their needs. Later, authors such as Sharon Heller and Meredith Small contributed further ethnopediatric insights. In 1984, developmental psychologist Aletha Solter published her book ""The Aware Baby"""
"Child Care"". The book, which was released in 1946 and soon became a best seller, encouraged free-range parenting with the hopes of implementing Freudian philosophy into child-rearing. American journalist Lenore Skenazy has written about the problems of overparenting and overprotection of kids with a particular emphasis on allowing kids to have appropriate levels of freedom and responsibility for their age while still keeping them safe. Her book, ""Free Range Kids: Giving Our Children the Freedom We Had without Going Nuts with Worry"" and her related website (April 2008) describe what she sees as the horrors of mainstream schooling, parenting, and"
"and a daughter, Melissa Leach. Penelope Leach Penelope Jane Leach (née Balchin; born November 19, 1937), is a British psychologist who researches and writes extensively on parenting issues from a child development perspective. Leach is best known for her book ""Your Baby and Child: From Birth to Age Five"", published in 1977, which has sold over two million copies to date and won the BMA award for “best medical book for general audiences” in 1998. Leach notes in the introduction to that book: ""Whatever you are doing, however you are coping, if you listen to your child and to your"
"nutritionists and pediatricians, including co-author Dr. Steven J. Parker, as being too extreme. Health and science columnist Jane Brody referenced the ""Pediatric Nutrition Handbook"" of the AAP in arguing that a vegan diet for young children could result in nutritional deficiencies unless carefully planned, something which would be difficult for working parents. ""Baby and Child Care"" popularized new ideas about child care in the years following World War II, encouraging flexibility, common sense, affection, and Freudian philosophy. Spock's reassuring advice gave parents the confidence to use their best judgment to raise their children. Spock also masked Freudian explanations of children's"
"Abraham Jacobi Abraham Jacobi (6 May 1830 – 10 July 1919) was a German physician and pioneer of pediatrics, opening the first children's clinic in the United States. To date, he is the only foreign-born president of the American Medical Association. He helped found the ""American Journal of Obstetrics"". He is regarded as the ""Father of American Pediatrics"". Born in Hartum (now a district of Hille), Westphalia, he was the son of a poor Jewish shopkeeper and his wife who educated him at great sacrifice. He attended the gymnasium in Minden. After graduating there, he studied medicine at the universities"
"College of Physicians and Surgeons from 1901 to 1922. In 1923, despite his old age, the Rockefeller Institute called on him to lecture at Peking Union Medical College for their winter term. Holt accepted, viewing the offer as both an opportunity to observe Chinese children for his own studies, and introduce pediatrics to the Chinese doctors. Days before his return home, Holt suffered a heart attack and died in Peking on January 14, 1924. Luther Emmett Holt Luther Emmett Holt (March 4, 1855 – January 14, 1924) was an American pediatrician and author, noted for writing ""The Care and Feeding"
"only ideas and opinions. In 2013 she published a chapter entitled ""Infant Rearing in the Context of Contemporary Neuroscience"" in the ""Handbook of Child Wellbeing"", eds. Korbin and Asher, published by Springer. She is a senior research fellow of the Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck, University of London, and of the Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust (1997–). She is a visiting professor at the Faculty of Education, University of Winchester (2013–). Leach's most popular work is Your Baby and Child, which appeared in extensively revised versions in 1988 1997, 2003 and 2010. The book"
"combined the physical and psychological aspects of child care. So that any mother could afford it, the book was sold at just twenty-five cents. ""The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care"" is arranged by topics corresponding to the child's age, ranging from infancy to teenage years. Drawn from his career as a pediatrician, Spock's advice is comprehensive, dealing with topics such as preparing for the baby, toilet training, school, illnesses, and ""special problems"" like ""separated parents"" and ""the fatherless child"". Unlike leading child care experts prior to the 1940s, Spock supports flexibility in child-rearing, advising parents to treat"
"Frank Spooner Churchill Frank Spooner Churchill (26 August 1864 – 27 February 1946) was an American paediatrician who took a special interest in infant feeding. A graduate of Harvard University, as a paediatrician Churchill took a particular interest in public health, early child health and in breastfeeding. Much of his research centered around the untoward effects of lack of breast milk or inadequate modified milk. He became the chief editor of the ""American Journal of Diseases of Children"" and the president of the American Pediatric Society. After the First World War, he went on to hold senior positions with a"
"he noted with interest, the practice of the nurses there in maintaining a clipboard at the bedside (cribside) upon which important clinical information was being kept. He began adding physician observations to it, and thus was born the ""medical record"" or ""chart"". The head of nursing at that time had a set of lecture notes, which she used in the education of parents. He adapted it into a book which became the standard child rearing text ""The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses"" (1894). This remained the pre-eminent guide until ""Psychological"
"diagnosed and treated children who had mild emotional and behavioural problems, and also their parents. She was appointed assistant director of the child guidance department at West End Hospital and became a staff member at the Tavistock Clinic and at the psychological clinic at Hill End Hospital. In 1941 she became director of the London Child Guidance Clinic and Training Centre. She wrote the influential ""Child treatment and the therapy of play"" with Lydia Jackson. Published in 1946, it was aimed at professionals and parents and became a best seller. In 1947 she contributed a section on the child guidance"
"Lendon Smith Lendon Howard Smith (June 3, 1921 – November 17, 2001) was an American OB/GYN, pediatrician, author, and television personality. He was notable for his advice on parenting and advocating children's health and eating issues. He was known to fans as ""The Children's Doctor"" for his expertise on the issues and an outspoken proponent of the use of vitamins for children. Smith was criticized by nutritionists for promoting the dangerous belief that large megavitamin dosages would help cure any disease or disorder. Born in Portland, Oregon, Smith was a second generation doctor (his father was also a pediatrician), having"
"school at Northwestern awards a named professorship in his honor, the Isaac A. Abt, MD, Professor of Kidney Diseases. Abt, Isaac A. (1944). ""Baby Doctor"". London: Whittlesey House. Isaac Arthur Abt Isaac Arthur Abt (1867 - 1955) was an American pediatrician and the first president of the American Academy of Pediatrics. He was one of the first U.S. physicians to specialize in pediatrics and he authored an influential textbook in the first part of the 20th century. Abt was born in 1867 in Wilmington, Will County, Illinois. His parents were German immigrants and his father was a grocery store owner"
"Kate Louise Brown Kate Louise Brown (May 8, 1857, Adams, Massachusetts–?) was a children’s educator and author who wrote 17 works in a total of 41 publications, in addition to poems, songs, and magazine articles. She is best known for the books, ""The Plant Baby and Its Friends"", ""Little People"", ""Alice and Tom"", and ""Stories in Songs"". Brown was born in Adams, Massachusetts and had her first poem published in print at age 9. She wrote many children’s scientific novels, poems, and periodical articles, many of which surround nature and botany themes. For example, her book ""The Plant Baby and"
"and Childhood Protection"""" (also known as ). Rohmer was a pioneer in research into prematurity, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, osteomalacia and vitamin C. He was the director of the pediatric clinic of Strasbourg until his retirement in 1947, and made it famous all around Europe. In 1946, he wrote with Robert Debré a famous manual entitled """"Traité de Pathologie Infantile"""" (2,500 pages, two volumes) which became a reference for a whole generation of pediatricians. During his career, he was the physician of famous children, including those of the King of Belgium, of Konrad Adenauer, and of Pierre Pflimlin. Despite his retirement at"
"Louise Zabriskie Louise Zabriskie (13 June 1872 – 12 December 1957) was registered nurse and the founder and director of Maternity Consultation Service, which offered free health services to expectant mothers in Manhattan. She authored textbooks on nursing and obstetrics, including the well regarded ""Nurses Handbook of Obstetrics"", as well as the popular pre-natal and early parenting manual ""Mother and Baby Care in Pictures"". Louise Zabriskie was born in Preston City, Connecticut. She attended Northfield Seminary and Columbia University, and received her nursing degree from the New York Hospital Training School for Nurses, now the Cornell University - New York"
"organization in Ulster County, New York. Hallock was recognized with a Newbery Honor in 1929 for ""The Boy Who Was"", published in 1928. Grace Hallock Grace Taber Hallock (April 10, 1893 – August 17, 1967) was an American children's writer of the early to mid-20th century. Many of her books explained health and science issues, including ""Florence Nightingale and the Founding of Professional Nursing"" and ""Marie Curie"" (both published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. as part of a series called ""Health Heroes""). She was born in 1893 on the farm that belonged to her parents, Robin W. Hallock and"