"loathed Franco for coming to power by overthrowing a socialist democracy. Hostility to the use of capital punishment was widespread in Western Europe at this time and most Western European countries had ceased using it. Although up to 200,000 people were executed during the Spanish Civil War and its immediate aftermath, 48 people were executed in the period from 1948 to the time of the 1975 executions. Of those, 17 were executed by firing squad and 31 by garrotting. Historically, the garrote had been the preferred execution method in Spain, with firing squads used for political and military prisoners. No"
"of Finland resides today in the Museum of Crime, Vantaa. In Spain executions were carried out by various methods including strangulation by the garrotte. In the 16th and 17th centuries, noblemen were sometimes executed by means of beheading. Examples include Anthony van Stralen, Lord of Merksem, Lamoral, Count of Egmont and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn. They were tied to a chair on a scaffold. The executioner used a knife to cut the head from the body. It was considered to be a more honourable death if the executioner started with cutting the throat. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Ignacio"
"crimes. During Spanish colonial rule, the most common methods of execution were death by firing squad (especially for treason/military crimes, usually reserved for independence fighters) and garrotte (a notable case would be the Gomburza). Death by hanging was another popular method. A prominent example is the national hero, José Rizal, who was executed by firing squad on the morning of December 30, 1896, in the park that now bears his name. In 1926, the electric chair (Spanish: ""silla eléctrica""; Filipino: ""silya eléktrika"") was introduced by the United States' colonial Insular Government, making the Philippines the only other country to employ"
"of the carotid arteries is expected and, in cases of homicide, the victim may struggle for a period of time, with unconsciousness typically occurring in 10 to 15 seconds. Cases of ligature strangulation generally involve homicides of women, children, and the elderly, but accidents and suicides occur as well. Compared to hanging, the ligature mark will most likely be located lower on the neck of the victim. During the Spanish Inquisition, victims who admitted their alleged sins and recanted were killed via ligature strangulation (i.e. the garrote) before their bodies were burnt during the ""auto-da-fé"". Throughout much of the 20th"
"returns it surpasses the release position). It is claimed that the pendulum was used as an instrument of torture and execution by the Spanish Inquisition in the 18th century. The allegation is contained in the 1826 book ""The history of the Inquisition of Spain "" by the Spanish priest, historian and liberal activist Juan Antonio Llorente. A swinging pendulum whose edge is a knife blade slowly descends toward a bound prisoner until it cuts into his body. This method of torture came to popular consciousness through the 1842 short story ""The Pit and the Pendulum"" by American author Edgar Allan"
"Harper. Hanging is the traditional method of capital punishment in Malaysia and has been used to execute people convicted of murder and drug trafficking. The last person executed by hanging in Portugal was Francisco Matos Lobos on 16 April 1842. Before that, it had been a common death penalty. In Pakistan, hanging is the most common form of execution. Hanging was commonly practised in the Russian Empire during the rule of the Romanov Dynasty as an alternative to impalement, which was used in the 15th and 16th centuries. Hanging was abolished in 1868 by Alexander II after serfdom, but was"
"After that, all executions were performed inside prisons. The last civilian executions in Spain, both by garroting, were those of Pilar Prades in May 1959 and José María Jarabo in July 1959. Recent legislation had caused many crimes (such as robbery-murder) to fall under the jurisdiction of military law; thus, prosecutors rarely requested civilian executions. Military executions were still performed in Spain until the 1970s. The garrotings of Heinz Chez (real name Georg Michael Welzel) and Salvador Puig Antich in March 1974, both convicted in the Francoist State of killing police officers, were the last state-sanctioned garrotings in Spain and"
"Crucifixion Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the victim is tied or nailed to a large wooden beam and left to hang for several days until eventual death from exhaustion and asphyxiation. The crucifixion of Jesus is a central narrative in Christianity, and the cross (sometimes depicting Jesus nailed onto it) is the main religious symbol for many Christian churches. Ancient Greek has two verbs for crucify: ""ana-stauro"" (ἀνασταυρόω), from ""stauros"", ""stake"", and ""apo-tumpanizo"" (ἀποτυμπανίζω) ""crucify on a plank"", together with ""anaskolopizo"" (ἀνασκολοπίζω ""impale""). In earlier pre-Roman Greek texts ""anastauro"" usually means ""impale"". New Testament Greek uses"
"since 1879. The Law of Criminal Procedure has been in force since 1889. In 1900, correctional courts were created for minor offenses and crimes, which were previously sent to various ""Audiencias"" for consideration. Penalties included corporal and correctional. The death penalty at the time was described as: ""The penalty of death is executed by means of the instrument known as the ""garrote."" The execution takes place upon a board platform within the walls of the jail, in the day time, within twenty-four hours after notice of the sentence is given; it is held privately and in the presence of those"
"and Württemberg in 1809. In Spain, the Napoleonic conquest put an end to torture in 1808. Norway abolished it in 1819 and Portugal in 1826. The last European jurisdictions to abolish legal torture were Portugal (1828) and the canton of Glarus in Switzerland (1851). Tortures included the chevalet, in which an accused witch sat on a pointed metal horse with weights strung from her feet. Sexual humiliation torture included forced sitting on red-hot stools. Gresillons, also called pennywinkis in Scotland, or pilliwinks, crushed the tips of fingers and toes in a vise-like device. The Spanish Boot, or ""leg-screw"", used mostly"
"already within 6–15 seconds, resulting in a considerably more prolonged and painful death as compared to the standard or long drop hanging, which is intended to kill by using the shock of the drop to fracture the spinal column at the neck. Before 1850, the short drop was the standard method for hanging, and is still common in suicides and extrajudicial hangings (such as lynchings and summary executions) which do not benefit from the specialised equipment and drop-length calculation tables used by the newer methods. A short drop variant is the Austro-Hungarian ""pole"" method, called Würgegalgen (literally: strangling gallows), in"
"and 21st centuries, the American Mafia used ligature strangulation as a means of murdering their victims. Confessed American serial killer Altemio Sanchez used ligature strangulation in the rapes and/or murders of his victims, as did Gary Ridgway, the Green River Killer. Strangling Strangling is compression of the neck that may lead to unconsciousness or death by causing an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain. Fatal strangling typically occurs in cases of violence, accidents, and is one of two main ways that hanging causes death (alongside breaking the victim's neck). Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling"
"The authorized method of execution was hanging, although in 1900, the American military authorities executed at least five convicted murderers using the garrotte method that was a legacy of Spanish rule. The last person executed in Puerto Rico was Pascual Ramos, hanged for murder in 1927. Two years later, in 1929, the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico abolished the death penalty. The Puerto Rico's constitution expressly states that ""The death penalty shall not exist"". Despite these provisions, the death penalty can still be applied in Puerto Rico under the federal government jurisdiction, for people tried and convicted in federal court."
"it was not swiftly carried out, such as in the case of Andrés Ruiz Márquez ""(Coronel Montenegro)"", a member of a Spanish National Liberation Front (FELN) commando who had set up a string of small bombs in Madrid. He was arrested by the Spanish police in 1964 and condemned to death but saw his sentence commuted to life in prison. Capital punishment in Spain The 1978 Spanish Constitution bans capital punishment in Spain. Spain completely abolished capital punishment for all offenses, including during wartime conditions, in October 1995. The last executions were carried out on September 27, 1975 when five"
"hanging, the upright jerker, was also experimented with in the 18th century, with a variant of it used today in Iran. Suspension causes death by using the weight of the body to tighten the noose around the trachea and neck structure. Prisoners are reported to have little or no struggle before they go limp because their jugular vein and carotid arteries are blocked and blood flow to the brain is reduced. The person slowly dies of strangulation, which typically takes between ten and twenty minutes, resulting in a considerably more prolonged and painful death as compared to the standard or"
"method had not been employed there since the late 12th century. Garrote A garrote or garrote vil (a Spanish word; alternative spellings include garotte and similar variants) is a weapon, most often a handheld ligature of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line used to strangle a person. A garrote can be made out of many different materials, including ropes, cable ties, fishing lines, nylon, guitar strings, telephone cord or piano wire. A stick may be used to tighten the garrote; the Spanish word actually refers to the stick itself, so it is a ""pars pro toto"" where the eponymous"
"November 1973. In Spain, the death penalty was abolished after a new constitution was adopted in 1978. The writer Camilo José Cela obtained a garrote (which had probably been used for the execution of Puig Antich) from the ""Consejo General del Poder Judicial"" to display at his foundation. The device was kept in storage in Barcelona. It was displayed in the room that the Cela Foundation devoted to his novel ""La familia de Pascual Duarte"" until Puig Antich's family asked for its removal. In 1990, Andorra became the last country to officially abolish the death penalty by garrotting, though this"
"and was completely abolished in 1998. The last hangings in Canada took place on 11 December 1962. In 1955, Egypt hanged three Israelis on charges of spying. In 2004, Egypt hanged five militants on charges of trying to kill the Prime Minister. In the territories occupied by Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945, strangulation hanging was a preferred means of public execution, although more criminal executions were performed by guillotine than hanging. The most commonly sentenced were partisans and black marketeers, whose bodies were usually left hanging for long periods. There are also numerous reports of concentration camp inmates being"
"Capital punishment in Spain The 1978 Spanish Constitution bans capital punishment in Spain. Spain completely abolished capital punishment for all offenses, including during wartime conditions, in October 1995. The last executions were carried out on September 27, 1975 when five members of ETA and Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) were executed by firing squad for murder following a much-publicised trial in which a number of the convicted (including a pregnant woman) were given clemency by General Francisco Franco, and the sentences of the remaining five, due to the unavailability of executioners versed in the use of the garrote, were carried"
"granted the privilege of strangulation before the faggots were lit. María de los Dolores López María de los Dolores López (Sevilla - Sevilla, 24 August 1781), known as ""Beata Dolores"", was a Spanish visionary executed for heresy. She was born in Sevilla and a member of a clerical family: her brother was a priest, and her sister was a nun. At the age of twelve, she became blind. At that point, she left her home to live with her confessor as his mistress. From circa 1767, she became known as a visionary. She claimed to be in contact with Jesus"
"in Germany and Scotland, was a steel boot that was placed over the leg of the accused and was tightened. The pressure from the squeezing of the boot would break the shin bone in pieces. An anonymous Scotsman called it ""The most severe and cruel pain in the world"". Ingenious variants of the Spanish boot were also designed to slowly crush feet between iron plates armed with terrifying spikes. The echelle more commonly known as the ""ladder"" or ""rack"" was a long table that the accused would lie upon and be stretched violently. The torture was used so intensely that"
"the courthouse after being convicted of failing to report their infection of plague to the authorities. During the Mexican Independence War, several Independentist generals (such as Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos) were executed by Spanish firing squads. Also, Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico and several of his generals were executed in the Cerro de las Campanas after the Juaristas took control of Mexico in 1867. Manet immortalized the execution in a now-famous painting, ""The Execution of Emperor Maximilian""; he painted at least three versions. Firing-squad execution was the most common way to carry out a death sentence in Mexico,"
"were burnt in one day in 1416, also in Thuringia. Other trials where the accused were condemned as Flagellants were recorded as late as the 1480s. The practice of flagellation within the bounds of the Catholic Church continued as an accepted form of penance. Rulers like Catherine de' Medici and France's King Henry III supported Flagellants but Henry IV banned them. Flagellant orders like ""Hermanos Penitentes"" (Spanish 'Penitential Brothers') also appeared in colonial Spanish America, even against the specific orders of Church authorities. The first recorded cases of mass popular flagellation occurred in Perugia, in 1259. The prime cause of"
"harm. A much more severe and physically damaging suspension torture is known as strappado. Attribution: Picket (punishment) The picket, picquet or piquet was a form of military punishment in vogue in the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe. It consisted of the offender being forced to stand on the narrow flat top of a peg for a period of time. The punishment died out in the 18th century and was so unfamiliar by 1800 that when the then governor of Trinidad, Sir Thomas Picton, ordered Luisa Calderon, a woman of European and African ancestry to be so punished, he was"
"killing were the greatest crimes during those days, and the penalty of offenders was death by hanging. Penalties for minor offenses like failure to clean one’s surroundings consisted only of confining the guilty in the tribunal, now called the municipal building. Those found guilty were made to stand in a “pandog” all day long and given several beatings. One thing unique about the Spanish Administration was the equality with which penalties were administered, because no matter what key positions in town one was holding, once he was guilty of any crime he was punished relentlessly. On e commendable trend of"
"a weapon of the underworld, where it was often used to enforce the collection of gambling debts or to rob innocent victims. Most of the larger ""navajas"" of this period were clearly intended as fighting knives, and were popularly referred to as ""santólios"", a contraction of the Spanish term for ""holy oil"". The name was a reference to the oils or unguents applied to the dying as part of the Catholic last sacrament, as it was believed that a man encountering such a knife in a violent confrontation would invariably require administration of the last rites. However, in Spain the"
"without symptoms and who died hours or days later as a direct result of drowning alone. In Europe, drowning was used as capital punishment. During the Middle Ages, a sentence of death was read using the words """"cum fossa et furca"""", or ""with pit and gallows"". Drowning survived as a method of execution in Europe until the 17th and 18th centuries. England had abolished the practice by 1623, Scotland by 1685, Switzerland in 1652, Austria in 1776, Iceland in 1777, and Russia by the beginning of the 1800s. France revived the practice during the French Revolution (1789–1799) and was carried"
"condemned strangled to death in agony for forty minutes until he finally died from asphyxiation. Hanging people from early gallows sometimes involved fitting the noose around the person's neck while he or she was on a ladder or in a horse-drawn cart underneath. Removing the ladder or driving the cart away left the person dangling by the neck to slowly strangle. A noted example of this type of execution in the USA was the hanging of British spy John André in 1780. Later, a ""scaffold"" with a trapdoor tended to be used, so victims dropped down and died quickly from"
"Last use of capital punishment in Spain The last use of capital punishment in Spain took place on 27 September 1975 when two members of the armed Basque nationalist and separatist group ETA political-military and three members of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) were shot dead by firing squads after having been convicted and sentenced to death by military tribunals for the murder of policemen and civil guards. Spain was Western Europe's only dictatorship at the time and had been unpopular and internationally isolated in the post-war period due to its relations with Nazi Germany in the 1930s and"
"Immurement Immurement (from Latin ""im-"" ""in"" and ""murus"" ""wall""; literally ""walling in"") is a form of imprisonment, usually for life, in which a person is placed within an enclosed space with no exits. This includes instances where people have been enclosed in extremely tight confinement, such as within a coffin. When used as a means of execution, the prisoner is simply left to die from starvation or dehydration. This form of execution is distinct from being buried alive, in which the victim typically dies of asphyxiation. Some examples of immurement as an established execution practice (with death from thirst or"
"Schandmantel A Schandmantel or Schandtonne (), sometimes also Spanish coat, is a torture device which came into use in the 13th century. Schandmantels were fashioned from wood and sometimes lined with sheet metal. Victims were made to wear this device in public where they would be insulted, humiliated and have rotten vegetables thrown at them. The Schandmantel was mostly used as punishment for poachers and prostitutes. The use of the Schandmantel was comparable to the ""Lästersteine"" (German) or ""schandstenen"" (Dutch), heavy stones weighing down from the neck. The Schandtonne was weighted along the lower rim and around the neck opening"
"Auto-da-fé An auto-da-fé or auto-de-fé (from Portuguese ""auto da fé"" , meaning ""act of faith"") was the ritual of public penance of condemned heretics and apostates that took place when the Spanish Inquisition, Portuguese Inquisition or the Mexican Inquisition had decided their punishment, followed by the carrying out by the civil authorities of the sentences imposed. The most extreme punishment imposed on those convicted was execution by burning. In popular usage, the term ""auto-da-fé"", the act of public penance, came to mean burning the convicted person at the stake, although that was a punishment for only the most serious offenses."
"Crushing (execution) Death by crushing or pressing is a method of execution that has a history during which the techniques used varied greatly from place to place, generally involving the placement of intense weight upon a person with the intent to kill. This form of execution is no longer sanctioned by any governing body. A common method of death throughout South and South-East Asia for over 4,000 years was crushing by elephants. The Romans and Carthaginians used this method on occasion. In Roman mythology, Tarpeia was a Roman maiden who betrayed the city of Rome to the Sabines in exchange"