"caldera are the trees dwarf juniper (""Juniperus communis""), Norway maple (""Acer platanoides""), European mountain ash (""Sorbus aucuparia""), common buckthorn (""Rhamnus cathartica""), sessile oak (""Quercus petraea""), pedunculate oak (""Quercus robur""), white willow (""Salix alba""), and the shrubs coinwort cotoneaster (""Cotoneaster nummularius""), cherry plum (""Prunus divaricata""), grey willow (""Salix cinerea""), Greek juniper (""Juniperus excelsa""), breaking buckthorn (""Frangula alnus""), alder buckthorn (""Frangula alnus"") and mahaleb cherry (""Prunus mahaleb""). Steppe-like vegetation is spread over wide areas in the caldera. Those are mainly species of milkvetch (""Astragalus""). Other subshrubs and herbaceous plants are prickly thrift (""Acantholimon""), sainfoin (""Onobrychis""), sheep's sorrel (""Rumex acetosella""), ""Thymus"", ""Alyssum"", sheep's"
"be applied to other species in ""Sorbus"" subgenus ""Sorbus"", and mountain ash may be used for several other distantly related trees. The species is unrelated to the true ash trees (genus ""Fraxinus""), which also carry pinnate leaves or the species ""Eucalyptus regnans"", also called mountain ash, native to Tasmania and Victoria in southeastern Australia. ""S. aucuparia"" was previously categorized as ""Pyrus aucuparia"". The author citation ""Sorbus aucuparia"" L. belongs to Carl Linnaeus. ""Sorbus aucuparia"" occurs as a tree or shrub that grows up to between 5 and 15 m in height. The crown is loose and roundish or irregularly shaped"
"by some commentators. In the Canadian provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia, this species is commonly referred to as a ""dogberry"" tree. In German, ""Sorbus aucuparia"" is known as the ""Vogelbeerbaum"" (""bird-berry tree"") or as ""Eberesche"". The latter is a compound of the name of the ash tree (""Esche"") with what is contemporarily the name of the boar (""Eber""), but in fact the continuation of a Gaulish name, ""eburo-"" (also the name for a dark reddish-brown colour, cognate with Greek ""orphnos"", Old Norse ""iarpr"" ""brown""); like ""sorbus"", ""eburo-"" seems to have referred to the colour of the berries;"
"particularly birds in the winter and early spring. Sorbus decora Sorbus decora, commonly known as the northern mountain ash, showy mountain-ash, or dogberry, is a deciduous shrub or very small tree native to northeastern North America. It occurs throughout the Laurentian Mixed Forest Province, the New England-Acadian forest region, and the eastern Canadian boreal forests. Showy mountain-ash grows tall. Its leaves are odd-pinnately compound, with 11–17 leaflets. Each leaflet is long and wide. All parts are hairless to slightly hairy. Flowers are borne in 125- to more than 400-flowered panicles across. Each flower is across and has five white petals"
"Sorbus decora Sorbus decora, commonly known as the northern mountain ash, showy mountain-ash, or dogberry, is a deciduous shrub or very small tree native to northeastern North America. It occurs throughout the Laurentian Mixed Forest Province, the New England-Acadian forest region, and the eastern Canadian boreal forests. Showy mountain-ash grows tall. Its leaves are odd-pinnately compound, with 11–17 leaflets. Each leaflet is long and wide. All parts are hairless to slightly hairy. Flowers are borne in 125- to more than 400-flowered panicles across. Each flower is across and has five white petals long, 14–20 stamens, and carpels with 3–4 styles."
"Berberis morrisonensis Berberis morrisonensis,commonly known as Yushan Barberry (Chinese:玉山小檗) or Red Fruit Baeberry (Chinese:红果小蘖、赤果小蘖) is perennial deciduous shrubs belonging to the genus Berberis and endemic to Taiwan. It is located in the high-altitude mountain area above 3,000 meters in Taiwan and is distributed in the Xueshan Range, Central Mountain Range, and Yushan Range. However, the Central Mountain Range still dominates. The deciduous shrubs distributed in the margins of high-altitude forests in Taiwan or in high-altitude forest borders belong to the neutral and slightly shade-loving species, which makes it the highest distributed species among the genus Berberis. It is a perennial"
"Archeria comberi Archeria comberi, also known as the pink mountain heath or comb heath, is a small, rare shrub endemic to Tasmania, Australia. As a member of the Ericaceae (heath) family this species is generally classified as a subalpine/ alpine species and shares many characteristics with other members of the family. It is an evergreen shrub 0.15m-1m in height, with pink flowers during the summer months (January and December), hence its common name pink mountain heath. ""Archeria comberi"" is often found growing among other species such as ""Nothofagus gunnii"" and ""Persoonia gunnii"". Very similar to, and sometimes mistaken for, ""Epacris"
"Jostaberry The jostaberry (""Ribes"" × ""nidigrolaria"") is a complex-cross fruit bush in the genus ""Ribes"", involving three original species, the black currant ""R. nigrum"", the North American coastal black gooseberry ""R. divaricatum"", and the European gooseberry ""R. uva-crispa"". It is similar to ""Ribes × culverwellii"", the Jochelbeere, which is descended from just two of these species, ""R. nigrum"" and ""R. uva-crispa"". The cultivated plants are tetraploid. They are descended from two separate first-generation crosses, both of which produced very few fruit. Fertile tetraploids were produced using colchicine. The name ""Jostaberry"" was created via combining the German words for blackcurrant and"
"trees, or shrub, species include green alder and pin cherry. Other common shrubs and flowering plants found in the mountains and rocky areas include alpine aster, bearberry, velvetleaf blueberry, bush-honeysuckle, black chokeberry, three-toothed cinquefoil, mountain cranberry, bracken fern, Rand's goldenrod, harebell, golden heather, mountain holly, black huckleberry, creeping juniper, sheep laurel, red raspberry, Virginia rose, mountain sandwort, bristly sarsaparilla, sweetfern, and wild raisin. Poverty oatgrass is the most common grass found in mountainous terrain. Bog plants include bog aster, bog rosemary, cottongrass, large cranberry, small cranberry, bog goldenrod, dwarf huckleberry, blue flag, Labrador-tea, bog laurel, leatherleaf, pitcher plant, rhodora, bristly"
"Myrica rubra Myrica rubra, also called yangmei (; Cantonese: yeung4 mui4; Shanghainese: ), , Chinese bayberry, Japanese bayberry, red bayberry, yumberry, waxberry, or Chinese strawberry (and often mistranslated from Chinese as arbutus) is a subtropical tree grown for its sweet, crimson to dark purple-red, fruit. It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree growing up to high, with smooth gray bark and a uniform spherical to hemispherical crown. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. It tolerates poor acidic soils. The root system is deep, with no obvious taproot. The fruit is spherical, in diameter, with a knobby"
"Shepherdia canadensis Shepherdia canadensis, commonly called Canada buffaloberry, russet buffaloberry, soopolallie, soapberry, or foamberry (Ktunaxa: """",) is one of a small number of shrubs of the genus ""Shepherdia"" that bears edible berries. The fruit is usually red, but one species has yellow berries. The berries have a bitter taste. The species is widespread in all of Canada, except in Prince Edward Island, and in the western and northern United States, including Alaska and Idaho. The plant is a deciduous shrub of open woodlands and thickets, growing to a maximum of . Some Canadian First Nations peoples such as Nlaka'pamux (Thompson),"
"Elaeocarpus reticulatus Elaeocarpus reticulatus, the blueberry ash, is a large shrub or tree which can grow to a height of 15m. In New South Wales (NSW) rainforests it can attain a height of 30 metres. Its most conspicuous features are white or pink cup-shaped flowers with fringed edges and round blue fruits. Strictly botanically, the fruits are not true berries but drupes. Blueberry ash also has leaves which turn bright red as they get older. This is a hardy plant, and grows natively in eastern Australia under many conditions. It is descended from rainforest-like environments where it still grows in"
"Eucalyptus oreades Eucalyptus oreades, commonly known as the Blue Mountains ash, is a species of eucalyptus native to eastern Australia. First collected by Richard Thomas Baker and Henry George Smith at Adelina Falls near Lawson in the Blue Mountains on 22 April 1899, ""Eucalyptus oreades"" was described by Baker. The species name is derived from Ancient Greek ""oreades"" ""of the mountains"". Other common names include smooth-barked mountain ash and white ash. ""Eucalyptus oreades"" can reach 40 m in height, with a trunk up to 1.8 m (6 ft) in diameter at chest height. The smooth pale bark is deciduous, shedding"
"to three flowers which hang from leaf axils. The showy flower has five pointed sepals in shades of purple-red which are reflexed upward. At the center is a tubular corolla of white or pink-tinged petals around five stamens and two styles. The fruit is a bristly berry up to 2 centimeters wide which is bright red, ripening purple. Ribes amarum Ribes amarum is a species of currant known by the common name bitter gooseberry. It is endemic to California, where it is known from mountains, foothills, and canyons. Its habitat includes Chaparral. ""Ribes amarum"" is a shrub growing to one"
"years of age do have a skirt of thicker corky bark which helps them resist low-intensity fires. Very fast growing in cultivation, ""Eucalyptus oreades"" is grown in plantations for timber, both in Australia and overseas in New Zealand and South Africa. Eucalyptus oreades Eucalyptus oreades, commonly known as the Blue Mountains ash, is a species of eucalyptus native to eastern Australia. First collected by Richard Thomas Baker and Henry George Smith at Adelina Falls near Lawson in the Blue Mountains on 22 April 1899, ""Eucalyptus oreades"" was described by Baker. The species name is derived from Ancient Greek ""oreades"" ""of"
"material, then cook it into porridge. The Luiseno, Tubatulabal, and Yavapai used it extensively as a food source. The Mahuna made it into a fiber and covered their dwellings. Salvia columbariae Salvia columbariae is an annual plant that is commonly called chia, chia sage, golden chia, or desert chia, because its seeds are used in the same way as those of ""Salvia hispanica"" (chia). It grows in California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, and Baja California, and was an important food for Native Americans. Some native names include pashí from Tongva and it'epeš from Ventureño. ""Salvia columbariae"" grows tall."
"Dichrostachys cinerea Dichrostachys cinerea, known as sicklebush, Bell mimosa, Chinese lantern tree or Kalahari Christmas tree (South Africa), is a legume of the genus ""Dichrostachys"" in the Fabaceae family. Other common names include acacia Saint Domingue (French), el marabú (Cuba), "" Mpangara"" (Shona), Kalahari-Weihnachtsbaum (German of former South West Africa), kéké or mimosa clochette (Réunion). The generic name ""Dichrostachys"" means 'two-colored spike', referring to its two-colored inflorescence, from the Ancient Greek ""δί-"" (""di-"", 'twice'), ""χροός"" (""khroos"", 'color'), and ""στάχυς"" (""stakhus"", 'ear of grain'). The specific name ""cinerea"" refers to the greyish hairs of the typical subspecies, from the Latin ""cinereus"""
"and is also similar to Black Mulberry (""Morus nigra""). Morus serrata Morus serrata, known as Himalayan mulberry, is a species of mulberry native to the Himalaya and the mountains of southwestern China, at altitudes of up to 2300 m. It is a small deciduous tree growing to 15 m tall. The leaves are 10–14 cm long and 6–10 cm broad and are densely hairy on the veins underneath, with the upper surface hairless. The edible fruit is a 2–3 cm long compound cluster of several small drupes that are red when ripe. It is considered by some authorities to be"
"include 'Apricot Queen', 'Brilliant Yellow', 'Chamois Glow', 'Pink Queen', and 'Salmon Queen'. The leaves were fermented with leaves of sweet gale and oak bark to create herb beer. Fruit are eaten as a mash in small amounts against lack of appetite or an upset stomach and stimulate production of gastric acid. In folk medicine they are used as a laxative, against rheumatism and kidney disease, and as a gargled juice against hoarseness. Wood of ""S. aucuparia"" is used for cartwright's work, turner's work, and woodcarving. Wood can be used from trees as young as 20 years. The sapwood is golden"
"Vallesia glabra Vallesia glabra, the pearlberry, is a species of plant, a shrub, belonging to the family ""Apocynaceae"". It is native to tropical America. It also has the common names smooth vallesia and tear shrub. This plant is a source of shelter, food and liquid for numerous birds, which rest under its shade and feed on its fruits that are similar to small, white grapes or pearls, hence giving the plant its English common name of pearlberry. The shrubs can reach a height of between 2 and 6 metres (6 feet 6 inches and 19 feet 8 inches). This species"
"fruit (persistent in other whitebeams), but genetic evidence places it close to ""Sorbus aria"". It is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe, primarily for its autumn colour. The cultivar 'Skyline' has been selected for its fastigiate growth. Sorbus alnifolia Sorbus alnifolia (syn. ""Aria alnifolia""), also called alder-leafed whitebeam, Korean whitebeam, or Korean mountain ash, , is a species of whitebeam native to eastern Asia in eastern and northern China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan. ""Sorbus alnifolia"" is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 10–20 m tall with a trunk up to 30 cm diameter and grey bark; the"
"pilosa""), mountain maple (""Acer spicatum""), nannyberry (""Viburnum lentago""), northern bedstraw (""Galium boreale""), prickly gooseberry (""Ribes cynosbati""), prickly rose (""Rosa acicularis""), purple virgin's bower (""Clematis occidentalis""), shale barren primrose (""Oenothera argillicola""), skunk currant (""Ribes glandulosum""), starflower (""Trientalis borealis""), and twinflower (""Linnaea borealis""). Eastern Hemlocks (""Tsuga canadensis"") provide shade to and cool the mountain's ice vents. The Appalachian wood fern, which grows on moss, was once thought to have been extinct but is found in abundance near the cold vents at the base of Ice Mountain. Parts of Ice Mountain are barren, but the majority of the ridge is covered in mountain"
"larger forest trees. In Central Europe it often grows in association with red elderberry, goat willow, Eurasian aspen, and silver birch. The plant is highly flammable and tends not to accumulate plant litter. Other species of the genus ""Sorbus"" easily hybridize with ""S. aucuparia"" and hybrid speciation can result; hybrids include ""Sorbus × hybrida"", a small tree with oval serrated leaves and 2 to 3 pairs of leaflets, which is a hybrid with ""Sorbus × intermedia"", and ""Sorbus thuringiaca"", a medium-size tree with elongated leaves and 1 to 3 pairs of leaflets that are sometimes fused at the central vein,"
"Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier alnifolia, the saskatoon, Pacific serviceberry, western serviceberry, alder-leaf shadbush, dwarf shadbush, chuckley pear, or western juneberry, is a shrub with edible berry-like fruit, native to North America from Alaska across most of western Canada and in the western and north-central United States. Historically, it was also called pigeon berry. It grows from sea level in the north of the range, up to elevation in California and in the Rocky Mountains, and is a common shrub in the forest understory. The name ""saskatoon"" derives from the Cree inanimate noun ""misâskwatômina"" (""misâskwatômin"" ""NI sg"", saskatoonberry, ""misâskwatômina"" ""NI pl"" saskatoonberries)."
"which is a hybrid with ""Sorbus aria"". The main pests for ""S. aucuparia"" are the apple fruit moth ""Argyresthia conjugella"" and the mountain-ash sawfly ""Hoplocampa alpina"". The rust fungus ""Gymnosporangium cornutum"" produces leaf galls. The leaves are not palatable to insects, but are used by insect larvae, including by the moth ""Venusia cambrica"", the case-bearer moth ""Coleophora anatipennella"", and leaf miners of the genus ""Stigmella"". The snail ""Helix aspersa"" feeds on the leaves. The plant can suffer from fire blight. Fossils of ""Sorbus aucuparia"" have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey, which is of early"
"Rubus chamaemorus Rubus chamaemorus is a rhizomatous herb native to cool temperate regions, alpine and arctic tundra and boreal forest, producing amber-colored edible fruit similar to the raspberry or blackberry. English common names include cloudberry, nordic berry, bakeapple (in Newfoundland and Labrador), knotberry and knoutberry (in England), aqpik or low-bush salmonberry (in Alaska – not to be confused with true salmonberry, ""Rubus spectabilis""), and averin or evron (in Scotland). Unlike most ""Rubus"" species, the cloudberry is dioecious, and fruit production by a female plant requires pollination from a male plant. The cloudberry grows to high. The leaves alternate between having"
"Arbutus andrachne Arbutus andrachne, commonly called the Greek strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. ""Arbutus andrachne"" can reach a height of about 12 metres. The smooth bark is exfoliating during the summer, leaving a layer with a pistachio green colour, which changes gradually to a beautiful orange brown. The flowers bloom in Spring and are white or yellowish green. Its fruits ripen in Autumn, and when left to dry in a cool place, are eaten as sweet, chewy candy. ""Arbutus andrachne"" was"
"Arbutus andrachne Arbutus andrachne, commonly called the Greek strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. ""Arbutus andrachne"" can reach a height of about 12 metres. The smooth bark is exfoliating during the summer, leaving a layer with a pistachio green colour, which changes gradually to a beautiful orange brown. The flowers bloom in Spring and are white or yellowish green. Its fruits ripen in Autumn, and when left to dry in a cool place, are eaten as sweet, chewy candy. ""Arbutus andrachne"" was"
"addition, researchers have demonstrated the potential for the soapnut to be used as a natural surfactant for washing arsenic from soils that are rich in iron. Sapindus mukorossi Sapindus mukorossi is a species of tree in the Sapindaceae family. The fruit is commonly known as Indian Soapberry or washnut, and like other species in the genus ""Sapindus"", it is called soapberry. It is also a native of Western coastal Maharashtra – Konkan, and Goa in India. ""Sapindus mukorrossi"", known as the ritha or reetha tree in India and Nepal, is a deciduous tree that is grown in the lower foothills"
"between ""S. arranensis"" and the mountain ash (""S. aucuparia""). The ""Sorbus"" group are apomictic, producing viable seed without the need for pollination and fertilisation. Each time this hybrid cross occurs a new clone is effectively produced. Smart showed by using physical characteristics that the species were separate and not a result of random variation. Some overlap does however occur and this suggests that some hybridising may occur between the two species. A number of other ""Sorbus"" species have been produced in this way, such as the Devon whitebeam, the Bristol whitebeam, the Cheddar whitebeam, Irish whitebeam, Lancaster whitebeam, etc. All"
"Sorbus alnifolia Sorbus alnifolia (syn. ""Aria alnifolia""), also called alder-leafed whitebeam, Korean whitebeam, or Korean mountain ash, , is a species of whitebeam native to eastern Asia in eastern and northern China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan. ""Sorbus alnifolia"" is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 10–20 m tall with a trunk up to 30 cm diameter and grey bark; the crown is columnar or conic in young trees, becoming rounded with age, with branches angled upwards, and slender shoots. The leaves are green above, and thinly hairy with white hairs beneath, 5–10 cm long and 3–6 cm broad, simple, usually"
"Lycium barbarum Lycium barbarum is a tree native from southeastern Europe and Asia. It is one of two species of boxthorn in the family Solanaceae from which the goji berry or wolfberry is harvested, the other being ""Lycium chinense"". Common names of the plant in English include Chinese wolfberry, Chinese boxthorn, Himalayan goji, Tibetan goji, mede berry, barbary matrimony vine, red medlar or matrimony vine. In the United Kingdom it is also known as Duke of Argyll's tea tree or Duke of Argyll's tea plant, after Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll who introduced it in the country in the"
"Ribes amarum Ribes amarum is a species of currant known by the common name bitter gooseberry. It is endemic to California, where it is known from mountains, foothills, and canyons. Its habitat includes Chaparral. ""Ribes amarum"" is a shrub growing to one to two meters (40-80 inches) in height. Nodes along the stem each bear three spines up to a centimeter (0.4 inch) in length. The hairy, glandular leaves are 2 to 4 centimeters (0.8-1.6 inches) long and generally rounded in shape, divided into 3 to 5 rounded toothed lobes. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or raceme of up"