---
language: grc
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
dataset_info:
  - config_name: default
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: image
        dtype: image
      - name: label
        dtype: string
      - name: page
        dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_examples: 765
        num_bytes: 168327757
size_categories: 1K<n<10K
task_categories:
  - image-to-text
  - other
pretty_name: Excerpts from Sextus Empiricus, *Pros Mathematikous*
annotations_creators:
  - human-annotated
language_creators:
  - found
tags:
  - greek
  - manuscript
  - hellenistic-studies
  - palaeography
  - transcription
  - humanities
---

# LJS 380 — Excerpts from *Sextus Empiricus, Pros Mathematikous*

Sextus Empiricus, *Πρὸς μαθηματικούς* (*Against the Mathematicians*) 

---

## Description

This dataset contains line-level transcriptions and cropped manuscript images from a 15th-century Greek manuscript of *Pros Mathematikous* (*Against the Mathematicians*) attributed to **Sextus Empiricus**.  
The manuscript is held within the Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries.

Each manuscript line has been transcribed to match the 1842 public-domain edition edited by August Immanuel Bekker.  
The aligned data was used to train and evaluate machine-learning models for handwritten Greek recognition in the context of a Hellenic Studies workshop on digital palaeography.

---

## Dataset contents

| Field | Type | Description | Example |
|:------|:-----|:-------------|:--------|
| `id` | string | Unique line identifier (page + line number) | `0070_0002_line_0012` |
| `image` | image | Cropped PNG snippet of the handwritten line | — |
| `page` | string | Source page or folio identifier | `0070_0002` |
| `label` | string | Diplomatic Greek transcription | `σέξτος ᾽εμπειρικός πρὸς μαθηματικούς` |

---

## Transcription parameters

- Orthography follows Bekker (1842). 
- Abbreviations are expanded when clear.  
- Line segmentation follows **PAGE-XML (2019-07-15)** standard exported from **eScriptorium**.  
- Unicode normalization: NFC
---

## Use cases

This dataset can support:

- Training and evaluation of HTR/OCR models for early modern Greek scripts.  

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## Sources

- Manuscript: Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection, LJS 380 (Penn Libraries).  
- Printed edition: *Sextus Empiricus*, ed. August Immanuel Bekker (Berlin, 1842).  
- Preparation: Line segmentation and annotation via eScriptorium.

---