Q:

Besides the $3x + 1$ problem, for which similar problems are still unresolved regarding trayectory?

Generalize the $3x + 1$ problem as $cx \pm 1$, where $c$ is a positive odd integer and $x$ is a positive integer iterated through the function as far as possible to discover a cycle. If $x$ is even, then you halve it. But if $x$ is odd, you do either $cx + 1$ or $cx - 1$ as the case may be. (If you prefer, $c$ may be negative and you disallow $cx - 1$ for the odd branch; then $|-3x + 1|$ and $3x - 1$ are kind of the same).
With $3x - 1$ and $5x + 1$ it is somewhat well-known that many $x$ don't lead to 1, while with $3x + 1$ the question is unresolved despite intense scrutiny by many professionals and amateurs. For which other $cx \pm 1$ is the question of ultimate arrival at 1 still undetermined despite study by more than a few people? I would appreciate journal articles that look at several different $cx \pm 1$.

A:

upps:[update] I've just recently given the same answer in this question, maybe I'd delete this or the other one

I've done some search for this question and arrived at the following (listing only the odd numbers in an orbit):

All $c$ of the form $c=2^C-1= \{3,7,15,31,63,....\}$ have a "trivial cycle" at    $1 \to 1$.               
All $c$ of the form $c=2^C+1= \{3,5,9,17,33,....\}$ have a "trivial cycle" at    $-1 \to -1$.               
$c=3$ has some extra cycles in the negative numbers, I've found none other than that known for instance in wikipedia        
$c=5$ has some extra cycles in the positive numbers, I've found only the two well known ones ($17 \to 43 \to 27 \to 17 $ and $13 \to 33 \to 83 \to 13 $ )
$c=181$ ( $=\lceil 2^{15/2} \rceil-1$ ) has two cycles $27\to 611\to 27$ and $35 \to 99 \to 35$              

I've searched in two modes : all odd numbers up to 9999 for $c$ checking possible cycle-lengthes up to 100 ; possible cycle lengthes up to 1000 (I think, have it not at hand at the moment) and optimal $c$ using the convergents of continued fractions excluding even extremely high $c$ requiring elements of a possible cycle $a_k$ below some upper bound taken by some formula depending on $c$ and projected cyclelength.     
I've even taken negative values for $c$ and found some more cycles on small numbers but have it not at hand at the moment (but see some recent MSE-answer of mine)

