Made for Richard II and worn by his wife and then given as part of the dowery along with an English Princess a few years later when she married into a german royal house. This is the only reason it survived the brutal melting down of the crown jewels by Oliver Cromwell and so it is the last English Medieval crown still in existence. As well as the large rubies and sapphires, there are small emeralds and diamonds and some enamel work too. and the obvious pearls.