The so-called Island Mass Effect (IME) solves the riddle of “Darwin’s Paradox.” IME is influenced by factors including geomorphology and bathymetry (slope gradient), internal wave generation, upwelling, and even wildlife and human activity. This is a great illustration. Illustration by Gove, et. al. “Near-island biological hotspots in barren ocean basins.” Nature Communications 7, Article number: 10581 CC-BY-4.0