Marcus Garvey - 1887-1940: A controversial Pan-Africanist and civil rights activist who called for the establishment of a self-reliant African nation where blacks could acquire total economic success and independence. Garvey’s separatist rhetoric attracted unholy alliances with the Ku Klux Klan but derision from African American leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois and A. Philip Randolph.  Read Marcus Garvey&#x27;s Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples:  http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5122/