Yellow crazy ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes; bottom left) have invaded parts of the endemic coco de mer (Lodoicea maldivica) palm forest on the island of Praslin, Seychelles. Arboreal molluscs (Vaginula seychellensis, Stylodonta studeriana and Pachnodus pralines) and geckos (Phelsuma astriata, P. sundbergi, Ailuronyx tachyscopaeus, A. trachygaster) are absent or reduced in numbers in areas where ants are present, suggesting displacement of arboreal endemics by the invasive ants.