Egyptian Architecture / The first great civilization to emerge around the Mediterranean basin was that of Egypt (c.3100-2040 BC). In addition to its own written language, religion and dynastic ruling class, it developed a unique style of architecture, largely consisting of massive burial chambers in the form of Pyramids (at Giza) and underground tombs (in the desolate Valley of the Kings, Luxor). Design was monumental but not architecturally complex and employed posts and lintels, rather than arches.