Country1 st availability of methadoneIntroduction of other substitute medications Austria1987Buprenorphine (1997) slow-release morphine (1997) Belgium1994Dihydrocodeine Denmark1970Buprenorphine (1998) Finland1974Buprenorphine (1997) France1995Buprenorphine (1996) Germany Greece Ireland 1992 1993 1992 Dihydrocodeine (1985), heroin (2002), Buprenorphine (2000) Italy1975Buprenorphine (1999) Luxemburg The Netherlands Portugal 1989 1968 1977 Dihydrocodeine (1994), Mephenon (1989) Heroine (1997) Buprenorphine (2000) Spain Sweden UK 1983 1967 1968 Heroin (2002) Buprenorphine (2000) Buprenorphine (1999), Heroin (1926) Histoire du traitement de substitution dans l’UE (OEDT 2002)