{\displaystyle \displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\tau \left(\mathbf {G} \right)&=\left\vert {\mathsf {V}}\!\left(\mathbf {G} \right)\right\vert -\alpha \left(\mathbf {G} \right),\\\nu \left(\mathbf {G} \right)&=\left\vert {\mathsf {V}}\!\left(\mathbf {G} \right)\right\vert -\rho \left(\mathbf {G} \right).\end{aligned}}}