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List of first overall NBA draft picks
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LeBron James, drafted out of high school, was one of the most anticipated first overall draft picks.[1]
The National Basketball Association's first overall pick is the player who is selected first among all eligible draftees by a team during the annual National Basketball Association (NBA) draft. The first pick is awarded to the team that wins the NBA draft lottery; in most cases, that team had a losing record in the previous season. The team with the first pick attracts significant media attention,[2] as does the player who is selected with that pick.
Eleven first picks have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award: Oscar Robertson, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (record six-time winner), Bill Walton, Magic Johnson (three-time winner), Hakeem Olajuwon, David Robinson, Shaquille O'Neal, Allen Iverson, Tim Duncan (two-time winner), LeBron James (four-time winner), and Derrick Rose (youngest winner).
Since the advent of the draft lottery in 1985, seven number one overall picks have won an NBA title. They are David Robinson, Shaquille O'Neal, Glenn Robinson, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Andrew Bogut, and Kyrie Irving.
China's Yao Ming (2002) and Italy's Andrea Bargnani (2006) are the only two players without competitive experience in the United States to be drafted first overall. Eleven other international players with U.S. college experience have been drafted first overall—Mychal Thompson (Bahamas) in 1978, Hakeem Olajuwon (Nigeria) in 1984, Patrick Ewing (Jamaica) in 1985, Tim Duncan (U.S. Virgin Islands) in 1997, Michael Olowokandi (Nigeria) in 1998, Andrew Bogut (Australia) in 2005, Kyrie Irving (Australia) in 2011, Anthony Bennett (Canada) in 2013, Andrew Wiggins (Canada) in 2014, Ben Simmons (Australia) in 2016, and Deandre Ayton (Bahamas) in 2018. Duncan is an American citizen, but is considered an "international" player by the NBA because he was not born in one of the fifty states or the District of Columbia.[3] Ewing[4] had dual Jamaican-American citizenship when he was drafted and Irving[5] and Simmons[6] had dual Australian-American citizenship when they were drafted.
Note that the drafts between 1947 and 1949 were held by the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The Basketball Association of America became the National Basketball Association after absorbing teams from the National Basketball League in the fall of 1949. Official NBA publications include the BAA Drafts as part of the NBA's draft history.
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 List of first overall picks
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Key[edit]
^ Denotes players who have been selected to the All-Star Game or All-NBA Team
^* Denotes Hall of Famers
PPG Points per game[a]
APG Assists per game[a]
RPG Rebounds per game[a]
Player
(in italic text) Rookie of the Year
List of first overall picks[edit]
Draft
Selected by
Player
Nationality
Position
College/high school/former club
NBA rookie statistics
Ref.
PPG
RPG
APG
1947 Pittsburgh Ironmen
Clifton McNeely[b]
USA Guard Texas Wesleyan — — — [b]
1948 Providence Steamrollers
Andy Tonkovich
USA Guard/Forward Marshall 7000260000000000000♠2.6 — 6999600000000000000♠0.6 [9]
1949 Providence Steamrollers
Howie Shannon[c]
USA Center Kansas State 7001134000000000000♠13.4 — 7000230000000099999♠2.3 [11]
1950 Boston Celtics
Charlie Share[d]
USA Center Bowling Green 7000390000000000000♠3.9 7000530000000000000♠5.3 7000100000000000000♠1.0 [12]
1951 Baltimore Bullets
Gene Melchiorre[e]
USA Guard Bradley — — — [e]
1952 Milwaukee Hawks
Mark Workman[f]
USA Center West Virginia 7000510000000099999♠5.1 7000300000000000000♠3.0 6999600000000000000♠0.6 [17]
1953 Baltimore Bullets
Ray Felix^[g]
USA Guard/Forward Long Island 7001176000000000000♠17.6 7001133000000000000♠13.3 7000110000000000000♠1.1 [19]
1954 Baltimore Bullets
Frank Selvy^
USA Forward/Center Furman 7001190000000000000♠19.0 7000550000000000000♠5.5 7000350000000000000♠3.5 [20]
1955 Milwaukee Hawks
Dick Ricketts[h]
USA Guard/Forward Duquesne 7000890000000000000♠8.9 7000720000000000000♠7.2 7000300000000000000♠3.0 [22]
1956 Rochester Royals
Sihugo Green[i]
USA Guard/Forward Duquesne 7001115000000000000♠11.5 7000520000000000000♠5.2 7000360000000000000♠3.6 [24]
1957 Cincinnati Royals
Rod Hundley^
USA Guard West Virginia 7000700000000000000♠7.0 7000290000000000000♠2.9 7000190000000000000♠1.9 [25]
1958 Minneapolis Lakers
Elgin Baylor^*[j]
USA Forward Seattle 7001249000000000000♠24.9 7001150000000000000♠15.0 7000410009999999999♠4.1 [27]
1959 Cincinnati Royals
Bob Boozer^[k]
USA Forward Kansas State 7000840000000000000♠8.4 7000620000000000000♠6.2 7000140000000099999♠1.4 [29]
1960 Cincinnati Royals
Oscar Robertson^*[l]
USA Guard/Forward Cincinnati 7001305000000000000♠30.5 7001101000000000000♠10.1 7000970000000099999♠9.7 [32]
1961 Chicago Packers
Walt Bellamy^*
USA Center Indiana 7001316000000000000♠31.6 7001190000000000000♠19.0 7000270000000000000♠2.7 [33]
1962 Chicago Zephyrs
Bill McGill[m]
USA Forward/Center Utah 7000740000000000000♠7.4 7000270000000000000♠2.7 6999600000000000000♠0.6 [35]
1963 New York Knicks
Art Heyman[n]
USA Forward/Guard Duke 7001154000000000000♠15.4 7000400000000000000♠4.0 7000340000000000000♠3.4 [37]
1964 New York Knicks
Jim Barnes[o]
USA Center/Forward Texas Western 7001155000000000000♠15.5 7000970000000099999♠9.7 7000120000000000000♠1.2 [39]
1965 San Francisco Warriors
Fred Hetzel[p]
USA Forward/Center Davidson 7000680000000000000♠6.8 7000520000000000000♠5.2 6999500000000000000♠0.5 [41]
1966 New York Knicks
Cazzie Russell^
USA Forward/Guard Michigan 7001113000000000000♠11.3 7000330000000000000♠3.3 7000240000000000000♠2.4 [42]
1967 Detroit Pistons
Jimmy Walker^
USA Guard Providence 7000880000000000000♠8.8 7000170000000000000♠1.7 7000280000000099999♠2.8 [43]
1968 San Diego Rockets
Elvin Hayes^*
USA Center/Forward Houston 7001284000000000000♠28.4 7001171000000000000♠17.1 7000140000000099999♠1.4 [44]
1969 Milwaukee Bucks
Lew Alcindor^*[q]
USA Center UCLA 7001288000000000000♠28.8 7001145000000000000♠14.5 7000410009999999999♠4.1 [46]
1970 Detroit Pistons
Bob Lanier^*
USA Center St. Bonaventure 7001156000000000000♠15.6 7000810000000000000♠8.1 7000180000000000000♠1.8 [47]
1971 Cleveland Cavaliers
Austin Carr^
USA Guard Notre Dame 7001212000000000000♠21.2 7000350000000000000♠3.5 7000340000000000000♠3.4 [48]
1972 Portland Trail Blazers
LaRue Martin
USA Center Loyola (Illinois) 7000440000000000000♠4.4 7000460000000099999♠4.6 6999500000000000000♠0.5 [49]
1973 Philadelphia 76ers
Doug Collins^
USA Guard/Forward Illinois State 7000800000000000000♠8.0 7000180000000000000♠1.8 7000160000000000000♠1.6 [50]
1974 Portland Trail Blazers
Bill Walton^*
USA Center UCLA 7001128000000000000♠12.8 7001126000000000000♠12.6 7000480000000000000♠4.8 [51]
1975 Atlanta Hawks
David Thompson^*[r]
USA Forward/Guard NC State 7001260000000000000♠26.0 7000630000000000000♠6.3 7000370000000000000♠3.7 [52]
1976 Houston Rockets
John Lucas
USA Guard Maryland 7001111000000000000♠11.1 7000270000000000000♠2.7 7000560000000099999♠5.6 [53]
1977 Milwaukee Bucks
Kent Benson
USA Center Indiana 7000770000000000000♠7.7 7000430000000000000♠4.3 7000140000000099999♠1.4 [54]
1978 Portland Trail Blazers
Mychal Thompson
BAH Forward/Center Minnesota 7001147000000000000♠14.7 7000830000000000000♠8.3 7000240000000000000♠2.4 [55]
1979 Los Angeles Lakers
Magic Johnson^*
USA Guard/Forward Michigan State 7001180000000000000♠18.0 7000770000000000000♠7.7 7000730000000000000♠7.3 [56]
1980 Golden State Warriors
Joe Barry Carroll^
USA Center Purdue 7001189009999900000♠18.9 7000930000000000000♠9.3 7000140000000099999♠1.4 [57]
1981 Dallas Mavericks
Mark Aguirre^
USA Forward DePaul 7001187000000000000♠18.7 7000490000000000000♠4.9 7000320000000000000♠3.2 [58]
1982 Los Angeles Lakers
James Worthy^*
USA Forward North Carolina 7001134000000000000♠13.4 7000520000000000000♠5.2 7000170000000000000♠1.7 [59]
1983 Houston Rockets
Ralph Sampson^*
USA Center Virginia 7001210000000000000♠21.0 7001111000000000000♠11.1 7000200000000000000♠2.0 [60]
1984 Houston Rockets
Hakeem Olajuwon^*[s]
NGA[s] Center Houston 7001206000000000000♠20.6 7001119000000000000♠11.9 7000140000000099999♠1.4 [63]
1985 New York Knicks
Patrick Ewing^*
USA[t] Center Georgetown 7001200000000000000♠20.0 7000900000000000000♠9.0 7000200000000000000♠2.0 [66]
1986 Cleveland Cavaliers
Brad Daugherty^
USA Center North Carolina 7001157000000000000♠15.7 7000810000000000000♠8.1 7000380000000000000♠3.8 [67]
1987 San Antonio Spurs
David Robinson^*[u]
USA Center Navy 7001243000000000000♠24.3 7001120000000000000♠12.0 7000200000000000000♠2.0 [69]
1988 Los Angeles Clippers
Danny Manning^
USA Forward Kansas 7001167000000000000♠16.7 7000660000000000000♠6.6 7000310000000000000♠3.1 [70]
1989 Sacramento Kings
Pervis Ellison
USA Center Louisville 7000800000000000000♠8.0 7000580000000000000♠5.8 7000190000000000000♠1.9 [71]
1990 New Jersey Nets
Derrick Coleman^
USA Forward/Center Syracuse 7001184009999900000♠18.4 7001103000000000000♠10.3 7000220000000000000♠2.2 [72]
1991 Charlotte Hornets
Larry Johnson^
USA Forward UNLV 7001192000000000000♠19.2 7001110000000000000♠11.0 7000360000000000000♠3.6 [73]
1992 Orlando Magic
Shaquille O'Neal^*
USA Center LSU 7001234000000000000♠23.4 7001139000000000000♠13.9 7000190000000000000♠1.9 [74]
1993 Orlando Magic
Chris Webber^
USA Forward Michigan 7001175000000000000♠17.5 7000910000000000000♠9.1 7000360000000000000♠3.6 [75]
1994 Milwaukee Bucks
Glenn Robinson^
USA Forward Purdue 7001219000000000000♠21.9 7000640000000000000♠6.4 7000250000000000000♠2.5 [76]
1995 Golden State Warriors
Joe Smith
USA Forward Maryland 7001153000000000000♠15.3 7000870000000099999♠8.7 7000100000000000000♠1.0 [77]
1996 Philadelphia 76ers
Allen Iverson^*
USA Guard Georgetown 7001235000000000000♠23.5 7000410009999999999♠4.1 7000750000000000000♠7.5 [78]
1997 San Antonio Spurs
Tim Duncan^
USA[v] Forward/Center Wake Forest 7001211000000000000♠21.1 7001119000000000000♠11.9 7000270000000000000♠2.7 [80]
1998 Los Angeles Clippers
Michael Olowokandi
NGA Center Pacific 7000890000000000000♠8.9 7000790000000000000♠7.9 6999600000000000000♠0.6 [81]
1999 Chicago Bulls
Elton Brand^[w]
USA Forward Duke 7001201000000000000♠20.1 7001100000000000000♠10.0 7000190000000000000♠1.9 [83]
2000 New Jersey Nets
Kenyon Martin^
USA Forward Cincinnati 7001120000000000000♠12.0 7000740000000000000♠7.4 7000190000000000000♠1.9 [84]
2001 Washington Wizards
Kwame Brown
USA Center Glynn Academy HS (Brunswick, Georgia) 7000450000000000000♠4.5 7000350000000000000♠3.5 6999800000000000000♠0.8 [85]
2002 Houston Rockets
Yao Ming^*
CHN Center Shanghai Sharks (China) 7001135000000000000♠13.5 7000820009999999999♠8.2 7000170000000000000♠1.7 [86]
2003 Cleveland Cavaliers
LeBron James^
USA Forward St. Vincent-St. Mary HS (Akron, Ohio) 7001209009999900000♠20.9 7000550000000000000♠5.5 7000590000000000000♠5.9 [87]
2004 Orlando Magic
Dwight Howard^
USA Center SACA (Atlanta) 7001120000000000000♠12.0 7001100000000000000♠10.0 6999900000000000000♠0.9 [88]
2005 Milwaukee Bucks
Andrew Bogut^
AUS Center Utah 7000940000000000000♠9.4 7000700000000000000♠7.0 7000230000000099999♠2.3 [89]
2006 Toronto Raptors
Andrea Bargnani
ITA Forward/Center Benetton Treviso (Italy) 7001116000000000000♠11.6 7000390000000000000♠3.9 6999800000000000000♠0.8 [90]
2007 Portland Trail Blazers
Greg Oden[x]
USA Center Ohio State 7000890000000000000♠8.9 7000700000000000000♠7.0 6999500000000000000♠0.5 [92]
2008 Chicago Bulls
Derrick Rose^
USA Guard Memphis 7001168000000000000♠16.8 7000390000000000000♠3.9 7000630000000000000♠6.3 [93]
2009 Los Angeles Clippers
Blake Griffin^[y]
USA Forward Oklahoma 7001225000000000000♠22.5 7001121000000000000♠12.1 7000380000000000000♠3.8 [95]
2010 Washington Wizards
John Wall^
USA Guard Kentucky 7001164009999900000♠16.4 7000460000000099999♠4.6 7000830000000000000♠8.3 [96]
2011 Cleveland Cavaliers
Kyrie Irving^
USA[z] Guard Duke 7001185000000000000♠18.5 7000370000000000000♠3.7 7000540000000000000♠5.4 [99]
2012 New Orleans Hornets
Anthony Davis^
USA Forward/Center Kentucky 7001135000000000000♠13.5 7000820009999999999♠8.2 7000100000000000000♠1.0 [100]
2013 Cleveland Cavaliers
Anthony Bennett
CAN Forward UNLV 7000420000000000000♠4.2 7000300000000000000♠3.0 6999300000000000000♠0.3 [101]
2014 Cleveland Cavaliers
Andrew Wiggins
CAN Forward/Guard Kansas 7001169009999900000♠16.9 7000460000000099999♠4.6 7000210000000000000♠2.1 [102]
2015 Minnesota Timberwolves
Karl-Anthony Towns
DOM[aa] Center Kentucky 7001183000000000000♠18.3 7001104000000000000♠10.4 7000200000000000000♠2.0 [103]
2016 Philadelphia 76ers
Ben Simmons^[ab]
AUS Forward/Guard LSU 15.8 8.1 8.2 [105]
2017 Philadelphia 76ers
Markelle Fultz
USA Guard Washington 7.1 3.1 3.8 [106]
2018 Phoenix Suns
Deandre Ayton
BAH Forward/Center Arizona — — —
See also[edit]
List of first overall NBA Development League draft picks
List of first overall WNBA draft picks
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c All statistics are taken from the players' respective rookie season unless otherwise noted.
^ Jump up to: a b Clifton McNeely never played professional basketball. Instead, he became a basketball coach for Pampa High School in Texas.[7][8]
Jump up ^ Howie Shannon was the first overall pick, although Ed Macauley and Vern Mikkelsen had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[10]
Jump up ^ Charlie Share did not play in the 1950–51 season. His rookie statistics are from the 1951–52 season.[12] Share was the first overall pick, although Paul Arizin had been taken before the draft as the Philadelphia Warriors' territorial pick.[13]
^ Jump up to: a b Gene Melchiorre never played in the NBA. He was banned for life from the NBA due to his involvement in the CCNY Point Shaving Scandal.[14] Melchiorre was the first overall pick, although Myer Skoog had been taken before the draft as the Minneapolis Lakers' territorial pick.[15]
Jump up ^ Mark Workman was the first overall pick, although Bill Mlkvy had been taken before the draft as the Philadelphia Warriors' territorial pick.[16]
Jump up ^ Ray Felix was the first overall pick, although Ernie Beck and Walter Dukes had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[18]
Jump up ^ Dick Ricketts was the first overall pick, although Dick Garmaker and Tom Gola had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[21]
Jump up ^ Sihugo Green was the first overall pick, although Tom Heinsohn had been taken before the draft as the Boston Celtics' territorial pick.[23]
Jump up ^ Elgin my guy Baylor was the first overall pick, although Guy Rodgers had been taken before the draft as the Philadelphia Warriors' territorial pick.[26]
Jump up ^ Bob Boozer was the first overall pick, although Wilt Chamberlain and Bob Ferry had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[28]
Jump up ^ Although Oscar Robertson was drafted as a territorial pick by the Cincinnati Royals, he was also recognized as the first pick in the first round of the draft as the Royals also held the first overall draft pick.[30][31]
Jump up ^ Bill McGill was the first overall pick, although Dave DeBusschere and Jerry Lucas had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[34]
Jump up ^ Art Heyman was the first overall pick, although Tom Thacker had been taken before the draft as the Cincinnati Royals' territorial pick.[36]
Jump up ^ Jim Barnes was the first overall pick, although Walt Hazzard and George Wilson had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[38]
Jump up ^ Fred Hetzel was the first overall pick, although Bill Bradley, Bill Buntin and Gail Goodrich had been taken before the draft as their teams' territorial picks.[40]
Jump up ^ Before the 1971–72 season, Lew Alcindor changed his name to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.[45]
Jump up ^ David Thompson played in the American Basketball Association (ABA) in the 1975–76 season and did not play in the NBA until 1976. His rookie statistics are from the 1976–77 season.[52]
^ Jump up to: a b Hakeem Olajuwon was born in Nigeria, but became a naturalized United States citizen in 1993. When he arrived in the United States, the University of Houston incorrectly spelled his first name "Akeem". Olajuwon used that spelling until March 9, 1991, when he announced that he would add an H, saying, "I'm not changing the spelling of my name, I'm correcting it."[61][62]
Jump up ^ Patrick Ewing was born in Jamaica, but had become a naturalized United States citizen while at Georgetown.[64] He represented the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics.[65]
Jump up ^ David Robinson did not play in the NBA until 1989 due to commitments to the United States Navy.[68] His rookie statistics are from the 1989–90 season.[69]
Jump up ^ Tim Duncan is a United States citizen by birth, as are all natives of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Because of this citizenship arrangement, Duncan has played for the U.S. internationally.[79]
Jump up ^ Elton Brand shared Rookie of the Year honors with Steve Francis of the Houston Rockets.[82]
Jump up ^ Greg Oden underwent microfracture surgery on his right knee before the 2007–08 season, and missed the entire season. His rookie statistics are from the 2008–09 season.[91]
Jump up ^ Blake Griffin injured his left kneecap in a pre-season game before the 2009–10 season. He underwent a surgery in January 2010 and missed the entire season. His rookie statistics are from the 2010–11 season.[94]
Jump up ^ Kyrie Irving was born in Australia to American parents who returned to the U.S. when he was two years old. He has played for the U.S. internationally at both youth and senior level.[97][98]
Jump up ^ Karl-Anthony Towns was born and raised in the United States, his mother is Dominican. He has chosen to represent the Dominican Republic at the international level
Jump up ^ Ben Simmons injured his right foot during training camp before the 2016–17 season. He missed the entire season. His rookie statistics are from the 2017–18 season.[104]
References[edit]
General
"Draft Index". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Most anticipated No. 1 draft picks". CBC Sports. July 27, 2005. Archived from the original on October 25, 2005. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ronald Tillery (June 18, 2008). "Landing the top draft pick can lift NBA team to new heights, and also fill arena". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bargnani becomes first European top NBA draft pick". People's Daily Online. June 29, 2006. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ Vecsey, George (December 3, 1993). "Basketball Surviving Quite Nicely". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Kyrie Irving is Committed to the Red, White and Blue". USA Basketball. June 21, 2010. Archived from the original on August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Borzello, Jeff (June 8, 2012). "Australian prospect Ben Simmons makes great first impression". CBSSports.com.
Jump up ^ Bob Cook (September 13, 2007). "Oden's injury a cruel blow for cursed Blazers". NBC Sports. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Obituaries: Clifton McNeely 12/29/03". amarillo.com. December 29, 2003. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Andy Tonkovich Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1949 BAA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Howie Shannon Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chuck Share Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1950 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ Wright Thompson (August 9, 2007). "For the 1951 point-shavers, a life lived in infamy". ESPN. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1951 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1952 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mark Workman Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1953 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ray Felix Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Frank Selvy Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1955 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dick Ricketts Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1956 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Sihugo Green Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Rod Hundley Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1958 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Elgin Baylor Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1959 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bob Boozer Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Oscar Robertson Bio". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wise, Mike (June 29, 2000). "Clippers Go to High School to Get Miles". The New York Times. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Oscar Robertson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Walt Bellamy Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1962 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bill McGill Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1963 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Art Heyman Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1964 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jim Barnes Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1965 NBA Draft". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Fred Hetzel Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Cazzie Russell Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Walker Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Elvin Hayes Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Bio". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bob Lanier Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Austin Carr Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "LaRue Martin Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Doug Collins Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bill Walton Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "David Thompson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "John Lucas Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kent Benson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mychal Thompson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Earvin Johnson (Magic Johnson) Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Joe Barry Carroll Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mark Aguirre Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "James Worthy Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ralph Sampson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Hakeem Olajuwon Bio: 1992-93". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dufresne, Chris (March 11, 1991). "Hakeem Still Can Be Called 'the Dream'". Los Angeles Times. p. 2.
Jump up ^ "Hakeem Olajuwon Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ralph Wiley (January 7, 1985). "The Master Of The Key: After years of relying on others to unlock doors for him, Georgetown's center Patrick Ewing will soon go off on his own". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "All-Time USA Basketball Men's Roster: E". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Ewing Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Brad Daugherty Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dave Anderson (May 18, 1987). "Sports of the Times; The Robinson Plot Thickens". The New York Times. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "David Robinson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Danny Manning Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Pervis Ellison Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Derrick Coleman Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Larry Johnson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Shaquille O'Neal Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Chris Webber Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Glenn Robinson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Joe Smith Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Allen Iverson Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "All-Time USA Basketball Men's Roster: D". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Tim Duncan Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Michael Olowokandi Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Rookie of the Year Award Winners". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Elton Brand Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kenyon Martin Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kwame Brown Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Yao Ming Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "LeBron James Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dwight Howard Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Andrew Bogut Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Andrea Bargnani Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Oden's recovery from surgery likely in range of 6-12 months". ESPN.com. September 14, 2007. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Greg Oden Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Derrick Rose Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Griffin's rookie season lost to injury". ESPN.com. January 13, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Blake Griffin Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "John Wall Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bednall, Jai (May 15, 2011). "Boomers miss their shot at courting US star Kyrie Irving". Herald Sun. Herald and Weekly Times. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Irving named MVP of 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup, headlines All-Star Five" (Press release). FIBA. September 14, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kyrie Irving Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Anthony Davis Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Anthony Bennett Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Andrew Wiggins Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Karl-Anthony Towns Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ben Simmons Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ben Simmons Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Markelle Fultz Stats". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
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Renaissance humanism
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Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man (c. 1490) shows the correlations of ideal human body proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in his De Architectura. Vitruvius described the human figure as being like the principal source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture.
Renaissance
"The School of Athens", Raphael, 1509–1511
Topics
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Age of Discovery
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Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. The term Renaissance humanism is contemporary to that period — Renaissance (rinascimento, "rebirth") and "humanist" (whence modern humanism; also Renaissance humanism to distinguish it from later developments grouped as humanism).[1]
Renaissance humanism was a response to the utilitarian approach and what came to be depicted as the "narrow pedantry" associated with medieval scholasticism.[2] Humanists sought to create a citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. This was to be accomplished through the study of the studia humanitatis, today known as the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy.
According to one scholar of the movement,
Early Italian humanism, which in many respects continued the grammatical and rhetorical traditions of the Middle Ages, not merely provided the old Trivium with a new and more ambitious name (Studia humanitatis), but also increased its actual scope, content and significance in the curriculum of the schools and universities and in its own extensive literary production. The studia humanitatis excluded logic, but they added to the traditional grammar and rhetoric not only history, Greek, and moral philosophy, but also made poetry, once a sequel of grammar and rhetoric, the most important member of the whole group.[3]
Humanism was a pervasive cultural mode and not the program of a small elite, a program to revive the cultural legacy, literary legacy, and moral philosophy of classical antiquity. There were important centres of humanism in Florence, Naples, Rome, Venice, Genoa, Mantua, Ferrara, and Urbino.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 Paganism and Christianity in the Renaissance
3 Humanists
4 See also
5 Notes
6 Further reading
7 External links
Origin[edit]
Some of the first humanists were great collectors of antique manuscripts, including Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Coluccio Salutati, and Poggio Bracciolini. Of the four, Petrarch was dubbed the "Father of Humanism" because of his devotion or loyalty to Greek and Roman scrolls. Many worked for the Catholic Church and were in holy orders, like Petrarch, while others were lawyers and chancellors of Italian cities, and thus had access to book copying workshops, such as Petrarch's disciple Salutati, the Chancellor of Florence.
In Italy, the humanist educational program won rapid acceptance and, by the mid-15th century, many of the upper classes had received humanist educations, possibly in addition to traditional scholasticist ones. Some of the highest officials of the Catholic Church were humanists with the resources to amass important libraries. Such was Cardinal Basilios Bessarion, a convert to the Catholic Church from Greek Orthodoxy, who was considered for the papacy, and was one of the most learned scholars of his time. There were several 15th-century and early 16th-century humanist Popes[4] one of whom, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II), was a prolific author and wrote a treatise on The Education of Boys.[5] These subjects came to be known as the humanities, and the movement which they inspired is shown as humanism.
The migration waves of Byzantine Greek scholars and émigrés in the period following the Crusader sacking of Constantinople and the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 greatly assisted the revival of Greek and Roman literature and science via their greater familiarity with ancient languages and works.[6][7] They included Gemistus Pletho, George of Trebizond, Theodorus Gaza, and John Argyropoulos.
Italian humanism spread northward to France, Germany, the Low Countries, and England with the adoption of large-scale printing after the end of the era of incunabula (or books printed prior to 1501), and it became associated with the Protestant Reformation. In France, pre-eminent humanist Guillaume Budé (1467–1540) applied the philological methods of Italian humanism to the study of antique coinage and to legal history, composing a detailed commentary on Justinian's Code. Budé was a royal absolutist (and not a republican like the early Italian umanisti) who was active in civic life, serving as a diplomat for François I and helping to found the Collège des Lecteurs Royaux (later the Collège de France). Meanwhile, Marguerite de Navarre, the sister of François I, was a poet, novelist, and religious mystic[8] who gathered around her and protected a circle of vernacular poets and writers, including Clément Marot, Pierre de Ronsard, and François Rabelais.
Paganism and Christianity in the Renaissance[edit]
Many humanists were churchmen, most notably Pope Pius II (Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini), Sixtus IV, and Leo X,[9][10] and there was often patronage of humanists by senior church figures.[11] Much humanist effort went into improving the understanding and translations of Biblical and early Christian texts, both before and after the Protestant Reformation, which was greatly influenced by the work of non-Italian, Northern European figures such as Desiderius Erasmus, Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, William Grocyn, and Swedish Catholic Archbishop in exile Olaus Magnus.
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy describes the rationalism of ancient writings as having tremendous impact on Renaissance scholars:
Here, one felt no weight of the supernatural pressing on the human mind, demanding homage and allegiance. Humanity—with all its distinct capabilities, talents, worries, problems, possibilities—was the center of interest. It has been said that medieval thinkers philosophised on their knees, but, bolstered by the new studies, they dared to stand up and to rise to full stature.[12]
Inevitably, the rediscovery of classical philosophy and science would eventually challenge traditional religious beliefs. In 1417, for example, Poggio Bracciolini discovered the manuscript of Lucretius, De rerum natura, which had been lost for centuries and which contained an explanation of Epicurean doctrine, though at the time this was not commented on much by Renaissance scholars, who confined themselves to remarks about Lucretius's grammar and syntax.[13] Lorenzo Valla, however, puts a defense of epicureanism in the mouth of one of the interlocutors of one of his dialogues.[14] Valla's defense, or adaptation, of Epicureanism was later taken up in The Epicurean by Erasmus, the "Prince of humanists:"
If people who live agreeably are Epicureans, none are more truly Epicurean than the righteous and godly. And if it is names that bother us, no one better deserves the name of Epicurean than the revered founder and head of the Christian philosophy Christ, for in Greek epikouros means "helper." He alone, when the law of Nature was all but blotted out by sins, when the law of Moses incited to lists rather than cured them, when Satan ruled in the world unchallenged, brought timely aid to perishing humanity. Completely mistaken, therefore, are those who talk in their foolish fashion about Christ's having been sad and gloomy in character and calling upon us to follow a dismal mode of life. On the contrary, he alone shows the most enjoyable life of all and the one most full of true pleasure.[15]
This passage exemplifies the way in which the humanists saw pagan classical works, such as the philosophy of Epicurus, as being in harmony with their interpretation of Christianity.
Renaissance Neo-Platonists such as Marsilio Ficino (whose translations of Plato's works into Latin were still used into the 19th century) attempted to reconcile Platonism with Christianity, according to the suggestions of early Church fathers Lactantius and Saint Augustine. In this spirit, Pico della Mirandola attempted to construct a syncretism of all religions (he was not a humanist[clarification needed] but an Aristotelian trained in Paris), but his work did not win favor with the church authorities.
Historian Steven Kreis expresses a widespread view (derived from the 19th-century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt), when he writes that:
The period from the fourteenth century to the seventeenth worked in favor of the general emancipation of the individual. The city-states of northern Italy had come into contact with the diverse customs of the East, and gradually permitted expression in matters of taste and dress. The writings of Dante, and particularly the doctrines of Petrarch and humanists like Machiavelli, emphasized the virtues of intellectual freedom and individual expression. In the essays of Montaigne the individualistic view of life received perhaps the most persuasive and eloquent statement in the history of literature and philosophy.[16]
Two noteworthy trends in Renaissance humanism were Renaissance Neo-Platonism and Hermeticism, which through the works of figures like Nicholas of Kues, Giordano Bruno, Cornelius Agrippa, Campanella and Pico della Mirandola sometimes came close to constituting a new religion itself. Of these two, Hermeticism has had great continuing influence in Western thought, while the former mostly dissipated as an intellectual trend, leading to movements in Western esotericism such as Theosophy and New Age thinking.[17] The "Yates thesis" of Frances Yates holds that before falling out of favour, esoteric Renaissance thought introduced several concepts that were useful for the development of scientific method, though this remains a matter of controversy.
Though humanists continued to use their scholarship in the service of the church into the middle of the sixteenth century and beyond, the sharply confrontational religious atmosphere following the Protestant reformation resulted in the Counter-Reformation that sought to silence challenges to Catholic theology,[18] with similar efforts among the Protestant denominations. However, a number of humanists joined the Reformation movement and took over leadership functions, for example, Philipp Melanchthon, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and William Tyndale.
With the Counter Reformation initiated by the Council of Trent (1545-1563), positions hardened and a strict Catholic orthodoxy based on Scholastic philosophy was imposed. Some humanists, even moderate Catholics such as Erasmus, risked being declared heretics for their perceived criticism of the church.[19]
The historian of the Renaissance Sir John Hale cautions against too direct a linkage between Renaissance humanism and modern uses of the term humanism: "Renaissance humanism must be kept free from any hint of either "humanitarianism" or "humanism" in its modern sense of rational, non-religious approach to life ... the word "humanism" will mislead ... if it is seen in opposition to a Christianity its students in the main wished to supplement, not contradict, through their patient excavation of the sources of ancient God-inspired wisdom"[20]
Humanists[edit]
Main article: List of Renaissance humanists
See also[edit]
Part of a Philosophy series on
Humanism
History
Renaissance humanism
in Northern Europe
in France
Humanist Manifesto
Secular humanism
Center for Inquiry
A Secular Humanist Declaration
Amsterdam Declaration
Religious humanism
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Jewish
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Integral
Marxist
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Personism
Rationalist
Trans
Organizations
International Humanist and
Ethical Union (IHEU)
American Humanist Association
Humanists UK
Humanistischer Verband Deutschlands
Humanist Society Scotland
Human-Etisk Forbund
See also
Antihumanism
Posthumanism
Ethical movement
Outline
List of secular humanists
Philosophy portal
v
t
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Thomas More
Greek scholars in the Renaissance
Humanist Latin
Legal humanists
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Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The term la rinascita (rebirth) first appeared, however, in its broad sense in Giorgio Vasari's Vite de' più eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scultori Italiani (The Lives of the Artists, 1550, revised 1568) Panofsky, Erwin. Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art, New York: Harper and Row, 1960. "The term umanista was used in fifteenth-century Italian academic slang to describe a teacher or student of classical literature and the arts associated with it, including that of rhetoric. The English equivalent 'humanist' makes its appearance in the late sixteenth century with a similar meaning. Only in the nineteenth century, however, and probably for the first time in Germany in 1809, is the attribute transformed into a substantive: humanism, standing for devotion to the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and the humane values that may be derived from them" Nicholas Mann "The Origins of Humanism", Cambridge Companion to Humanism, Jill Kraye, editor [Cambridge University Press, 1996], p. 1–2). The term "Middle Ages" for the preceding period separating classical antiquity from its "rebirth" first appears in Latin in 1469 as media tempestas.
Jump up ^ Craig W. Kallendorf, introduction to Humanist Educational Treatises, edited and translated by Craig W. Kallendorf (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London England: The I Tatti Renaissance Library, 2002) p. vii.
Jump up ^ Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 178. See also Kristeller's Renaissance Thought I, "Humanism and Scholasticism In the Italian Renaissance", Byzantion 17 (1944–45), pp. 346–74. Reprinted in Renaissance Thought (New York: Harper Torchbooks), 1961.
Jump up ^ They include Innocent VII, Nicholas V, Pius II, Sixtus IV, Alexander VI, Julius II and Leo X. Innocent VII, patron of Leonardo Bruni, is considered the first humanist Pope. See James Hankins, Plato in the Italian Renaissance (New York: Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition, 1990), p. 49; for the others, see their respective entries in Sir John Hale's Concise Encyclopaedia of the Italian Renaissance (Oxford University Press, 1981).
Jump up ^ See Humanist Educational Treatises, (2001) pp. 126–259. This volume (pp. 92–125) contains an essay by Leonardo Bruni, entitled "The Study of Literature", on the education of girls.
Jump up ^ Byzantines in Renaissance Italy
Jump up ^ Greeks in Italy
Jump up ^ She was the author of Miroir de l'ame pecheresse (The Mirror of a Sinful Soul), published after her death, among other devotional poetry. See also "Marguerite de Navarre: Religious Reformist" in Jonathan A. Reid, King's sister--queen of dissent: Marguerite of Navarre (1492-1549) and her evangelical network (Studies in medieval and Reformation traditions, 1573-4188; v. 139). Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2009. (2 v.: (xxii, 795 p.) ISBN 978-90-04-17760-4 (v. 1), 9789004177611 (v. 2)
Jump up ^ Löffler, Klemens (1910). "Humanism". The Catholic Encyclopedia. VII. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 538–542.
Jump up ^ See note two, above.
Jump up ^ Davies, 477
Jump up ^ "Humanism". The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 1999. p.397 quotation:
The unashamedly humanistic flavor of classical writings had a tremendous impact on Renaissance scholar.
Jump up ^ Only in 1564 did French commentator Denys Lambin (1519–72) announce in the preface to the work that "he regarded Lucretius's Epicurean ideas as 'fanciful, absurd, and opposed to Christianity". Lambin's preface remained standard until the nineteenth century. (See Jill Kraye's essay, "Philologists and Philosophers" in the Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism [1996], p. 153.) Epicurus's unacceptable doctrine that pleasure was the highest good "ensured the unpopularity of his philosophy" (Kraye [1996] p. 154.)
Jump up ^ Charles Trinkhaus regards Valla's "epicureanism" as a ploy, not seriously meant by Valla, but designed to refute Stoicism, which he regarded together with epicureanism as equally inferior to Christianity. See Trinkaus, In Our Image and Likeness Vol. 1 (University of Chicago Press, 1970), pp. 103–170
Jump up ^ John L. Lepage (5 December 2012). The Revival of Antique Philosophy in the Renaissance. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-137-28181-4.
Jump up ^ Kreis, Steven (2008). "Renaissance Humanism". Retrieved 2009-03-03.
Jump up ^ Plumb, 95
Jump up ^ "Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture: Humanism". The Library of Congress. 2002-07-01. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Humanism". Encyclopedic Dictionary of Religion. F–N. Corpus Publications. 1979. p. 1733. ISBN 0-9602572-1-7.
Jump up ^ Hale, 171. See also Davies, 479-480 for similar caution.
Further reading[edit]
Bolgar, R. R. The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries: from the Carolingian Age to the End of the Renaissance. Cambridge, 1954.
Cassirer, Ernst. Individual and Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy. Harper and Row, 1963.
Cassirer, Ernst (Editor), Paul Oskar Kristeller (Editor), John Herman Randall (Editor). The Renaisssance Philosophy of Man. University of Chicago Press, 1969.
Cassirer, Ernst. Platonic Renaissance in England. Gordian, 1970.
Celenza, Christopher S. The Lost Italian Renaissance: Humanism, Historians, and Latin's Legacy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2004 ISBN 978-0-8018-8384-2
Celenza, Christopher S. Petrarch: Everywhere a Wanderer. London: Reaktion. 2017
Erasmus, Desiderius. "The Epicurean". In Colloquies.
Garin, Eugenio. Science and Civic Life in the Italian Renaissance. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
Garin, Eugenio. Italian Humanism: Philosophy and Civic Life in the Renaissance. Basil Blackwell, 1965.
Garin, Eugenio. History of Italian Philosophy. (2 vols.) Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2008. ISBN 978-90-420-2321-5
Grafton, Anthony. Bring Out Your Dead: The Past as Revelation. Harvard University Press, 2004 ISBN 0-674-01597-5
Grafton, Anthony. Worlds Made By Words: Scholarship and Community in the Modern West. Harvard University Press, 2009 ISBN 0-674-03257-8
Hale, John. A Concise Encyclopaedia of the Italian Renaissance. Oxford University Press, 1981, ISBN 0-500-23333-0.
Kallendorf, Craig W, editor. Humanist Educational Treatises. Cambridge, Mass.: The I Tatti Renaissance Library, 2002.
Kraye, Jill (Editor). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and Its Sources. Columbia University Press, 1979 ISBN 978-0-231-04513-1
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni. Oration on the Dignity of Man. In Cassirer, Kristeller, and Randall, eds. Renaissance Philosophy of Man. University of Chicago Press, 1969.
Skinner, Quentin. Renaissance Virtues: Visions of Politics: Volume II. Cambridge University Press, [2002] 2007.
McManus, Stuart M. "Byzantines in the Florentine Polis: Ideology, Statecraft and Ritual during the Council of Florence". Journal of the Oxford University History Society, 6 (Michaelmas 2008/Hilary 2009).
Melchert, Norman (2002). The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-19-517510-7.
Nauert, Charles Garfield. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe (New Approaches to European History). Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Plumb, J. H. ed.: The Italian Renaissance 1961, American Heritage, New York, ISBN 0-618-12738-0 (page refs from 1978 UK Penguin edn).
Rossellini, Roberto. The Age of the Medici: Part 1, Cosimo de' Medici; Part 2, Alberti 1973. (Film Series). Criterion Collection.
Symonds, John Addington.The Renaissance in Italy. Seven Volumes. 1875-1886.
Trinkaus, Charles (1973). "Renaissance Idea of the Dignity of Man". In Wiener, Philip P. Dictionary of the History of Ideas. ISBN 0-684-13293-1. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
Trinkaus, Charles. The Scope of Renaissance Humanism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1983.
Wind, Edgar. Pagan Mysteries in the Renaissance. New York: W.W. Norton, 1969.
Witt, Ronald. "In the footsteps of the ancients: the origins of humanism from Lovato to Bruni." Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2000
External links[edit]
Humanism 1: An Outline by Albert Rabil, Jr.
"Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture: Humanism". The Library of Congress. 2002-07-01
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