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Eastern Hemisphere
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Eastern Hemisphere
The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of the earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, England) and west of the antimeridian. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes North and South America. This hemisphere may also be called the "Oriental Hemisphere". In addition, it may be used in a cultural or geopolitical sense as a synonym for the "Old World".
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 Demographics
3 References
4 External links
Geography[edit]
The line demarcating the Eastern and Western Hemispheres is an arbitrary convention, unlike the Equator (an imaginary line encircling the earth, equidistant from its poles) which divides the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The prime meridian at 0° longitude and the antimeridian, at 180° longitude are the conventionally accepted boundaries, since they divide eastern longitudes from western longitudes. This convention was established in 1884 at the International Meridian Conference held in Washington, D.C. where the standard time concepts of Canadian railroad engineer Sir Sandford Fleming were adopted. Using this demarcation puts portions of Western Europe, Africa and eastern Russia in the Western Hemisphere, thereby diluting its usefulness as a geopolitical construct, since all of Eurasia and Africa are typically included in the Eastern Hemisphere. Consequently, the meridians of 20°W and the diametrically opposed 160°E are often used,[1][2] which includes all of the European and African mainlands, but also includes a small portion of northeast Greenland (typically reckoned as part of North America) and excludes more of eastern Russia and Oceania (e.g., New Zealand). Prior to the global adoption of standard time, numerous prime meridians were decreed by various countries where time was defined by local noon (thereby, local meridian).
The center of the Eastern Hemisphere is located in the Indian Ocean at the intersection of the equator and the 90th meridian east, 910km west of Indonesia in the Ninety East Ridge.
The land mass of the Eastern Hemisphere is larger than that of the Western Hemisphere and has a wide variety of habitats.
Demographics[edit]
82% of humans live in the Eastern Hemisphere, compared to 18% in Western Hemisphere.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Olson, Judy M. "Projecting the hemisphere Archived 2007-08-14 at the Wayback Machine.", ch. 4 from Matching the map projection to the need Archived 2007-08-18 at the Wayback Machine.; Robinson, Arthur H. & Snyder, John P., eds. 1997. Bethesda, MD: Cartography and Geographic Information Society, American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.
Jump up ^ "Eastern Hemisphere". Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed. 2001. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., p. 340.
Jump up ^ How Much of Humanity is in Your Hemisphere? - Brilliant Maps
External links[edit]
Media related to Eastern Hemisphere at Wikimedia Commons
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Coordinates: 0°S 90°E / -0°N 90°E / -0; 90
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Mobile phone overuse
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Young adults using their smartphones individually at a party
Mobile phone overuse (mobile-phone addiction, problem mobile phone use, or mobile phone dependency) is a dependence syndrome seen among mobile phone users. Some mobile phone users exhibit problematic behaviors related to substance use disorders. These behaviors can include preoccupation with mobile communication, excessive money or time spent on mobile phones, use of mobile phones in socially or physically inappropriate situations such as driving an automobile. Increased use can also lead to increased time on mobile communication, adverse effects on relationships, and anxiety if separated from a mobile phone or sufficient signal.[citation needed]
Contents
1 Definition
2 Prevalence
3 Effects
3.1 Social
3.2 Health
3.3 Psychological
3.4 Distracted driving
4 Tools
5 In popular culture
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Definition[edit]
Overuse is often defined as a "dependence syndrome", which is the term used by the World Health Organization (WHO Expert Committee, 1964) to replace addiction or habituation.[1] This is categorized either as substance abuse, such as from psychoactive drugs, alcohol and tobacco under ICD-10, or a behavioral addiction, such as a mobile phone addiction.[2]
Substance use disorders can be defined by 11 factors, according to the DSM-5, including: (1) use in larger quantities or for longer than initially intended, (2) a desire to cut down or control use, (3) spending a great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance, (4) craving, (8) use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, (9) continued use of the substance despite adverse physical or psychological consequences associated with use, and (11) withdrawal symptoms.[3]
Smartphone addiction can be compared to substance use disorders in that smartphones provide the drug (entertainment and connection) while acting as the means by which the drug is consumed. A study conducted at Alabama State University on the effects of smartphones on students, defines the issue by stating that we are not addicted to smartphones themselves, but that we "are addicted to the information, entertainment, and personal connections [that a smartphone] delivers."[4] People have an affinity for constant entertainment, and smartphones provide the quickest, most easily accessible route to it.
Prevalence[edit]
Customers using their smartphones at a restaurant in Japan
Prevalence of mobile phone overuse depends largely on definition and thus the scales used to quantify a subject's behaviors. Two scales are in use, the 20-item self-reported Problematic Use of Mobile Phones (PUMP) scale,[5] and the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS), which have been used both with adult and adolescent populations. There are variations in the age, gender, and percentage of the population affected problematically according to the scales and definitions used. The prevalence among British adolescents aged 11–14 was 10%.[6] In India, addiction is stated at 39-44% for this age group.[2] Under different diagnostic criteria, the estimated prevalence ranges from 0 to 38%, with self-attribution of mobile phone addiction exceeding the prevalence estimated in the studies themselves.[7] The prevalence of the related problem of Internet addiction was 4.9-10.7% in Korea, and is now regarded as a serious public health issue.[8]
Behaviors associated with mobile-phone addiction differ between genders.[9] Women are more likely to develop addictive mobile phone behavior than men. Men experience less social stress than women and use their mobile phones less for social purposes. Older people are less likely to develop addictive mobile phone behavior because of different social usage, stress, and greater self-regulation.[10]
Effects[edit]
Overuse of mobile phones can affect social and psychological well-being and health.[11]
Social[edit]
There is an enormous impact of the mobile phone on contemporary society from a social scientific perspective. In his 2017 book Perpetual contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance[12] the author, James Katz, writes: "They [mobile phones] have transformed social practices and changed the way we do business, yet surprisingly we have little perception on their effect in our [lives]."
Some people are replacing face-to-face conversations with cybernetic ones. Clinical psychologist Lisa Merlo says, "Some patients pretend to talk on the phone or fiddle with apps to avoid eye contact or other interactions at a party."[13] In a survey made by Gazelle, "More than 25% of respondents reported that they 'almost always' use their smartphone while in a social setting such as during a meal or during a party. In addition, 58% said they use it 'usually' or 'occasionally' during these settings."[14] Furthermore,
70% check their phones in the morning within an hour of getting up.
56% check their phones before going to bed.
48% check their phones over the weekend.
51% constantly check their phones during vacation.
44% reported they would feel very anxious and irritable if they did not interact with their phones within a week.[15]
This change in style from face-to-face to text-based conversation has also been observed by Sherry Turkle. Her work cites connectivity as an important trigger of social behavior change regarding communication;[16] therefore, this adaptation of communicating is not caused only by the phone itself. In her book, Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, Turkle argues that we now find ourselves in a state of "continual co-presence."[17] This means that digital communication allows the occurrence of two or more realities in the same place and time. Subsequently, we also live in a "world of continual partial attention,"[17] the process of paying simultaneous attention to a number of sources of incoming information, but at a superficial level. Bombarded with an abundance of emails, texts, messages, we not only find ourselves divesting people of their human characteristics or individuality, but also increasingly treating them as digital units. This is often referred to as depersonalization.[18]
According to Elliot Berkman, a psychology professor at the University of Oregon, the constant checking of our phones is caused by reward learning and the fear of missing out. Berkman explains that, “Habits are a product of reinforcement learning, one of our brain's most ancient and reliable systems,” and we tend, thus, to develop habits of completing behaviors that have rewarded us in the past.[19] For many, using our mobile phone has been enjoyable in the past, leading us to feel excited and positive when we receive a notification from our phones. Berkman also iterates that we often check our smartphones to relieve the social pressure we place upon ourselves to never miss out on exciting things. As Berkman says, “Smartphones can be an escape from boredom because they are a window into many worlds other than the one right in front of you,” helping us feel included and involved in society.[19] When we do not check our mobile phones, we are unable to satisfy this “check habit” or suppress the fear of missing out, leading us to feel anxious and irritable. A survey conducted by Hejab M. Al Fawareh and Shaidah Jusoh also found that people also often feel incomplete without their smartphones. Of the 66 respondents, 61.41% strongly agreed or agreed with the statement, “I feel incomplete when my smartphone is not with me.”[20]
Other implications of cell phone use in mental health symptoms were observed by Thomée et al. in Sweden. This study found a relationship between report of mental health and perceived stress of participants' accessibility, which is defined as the possibility to be disturbed at any moment of day or night.[21]
Health[edit]
See also: Mobile phone radiation and health and Electronic media and sleep
There is some evidence supporting the claim that excessive mobile phone use can cause or worsen health problems.
Germs are everywhere, and considering the number of times people interact with their cellphone under different circumstances and places, germs are very likely to transfer from one place to another. Research from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine at Queen Mary in 2011 indicated that one in six cell phones is contaminated with fecal matter. Under further inspection, some of the phones with the fecal matter were also harboring lethal bacteria such as E. coli, which can result in fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.[22]
According to the article Mobile Phones and Nosocomial Infections, written by researchers at Mansoura University of Egypt, it states that the risk of transmitting the bacteria by the medical staff (who carry their cellphones during their shift) is much higher because cellphones act as a reservoir where the bacteria can thrive.[23][24]
Cancer, specifically brain cancer, and its correlation with phone use, is under ongoing investigation. Many variables affect the likelihood of hosting cancerous cells, including how long and how frequently people use their phones. There has been no definitive evidence linking cancer and phone use if used moderately, but the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization said in 2011 that radio frequency is a possible human carcinogen, based on heavy usage increasing the risk of developing glioma tumors.[25] Although a relationship has not been fully established, research is continuing based on leads from changing patterns of mobile phone use over time and habits of phone users.[26] Low level radio frequency radiation has also been confirmed as a promoter of tumors in mice.[27] Minor acute immediate effects of radio frequency exposure have long been known such as the Microwave auditory effect which was discovered in 1962.[28]
Studies show that users often associate using a mobile phone with headaches, impaired memory and concentration, fatigue, dizziness and disturbed sleep.[29] There are also concerns that some people may develop electrosensitivity from excessive exposure to electromagnetic fields, although these symptoms may be primarily psychological in origin due to the nocebo effect.[30][31]
Using a cell phone before bed can cause insomnia, according to a study by scientists from the Karolinska Institute and Uppsala University in Sweden and from Wayne State University in Michigan. The study[32] showed that this is due to the radiation received by the user as stated, "The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals, components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are adversely affected." Additional adverse health effects attributable to smartphone usage include a diminished quantity and quality of sleep due to an inhibited secretion of melatonin.[33]
In 2014, 58% of World Health Organization states advised the general population to reduce radio frequency exposure below heating guidelines. The most common advice is to use hands-free kits (69%), to reduce call time (44%), use text messaging (36%), avoid calling with low signals (24%) or use phones with low specific absorption rate (SAR) (22%).[34] In 2015 Taiwan banned toddlers under the age of two from using mobile phones or any similar electronic devices, and France banned WiFi from toddlers' nurseries.[35][36]
As the market increases to grow, more light is being shed upon the accompanying behavioural health issues and how mobile phones can be problematic. Mobile phones continue to become increasingly multifunctional and sophisticated, which this in turn worsens the problem.[37]
According to optician Andy Hepworth, blue violet light, a light that is transmitted from the cell phone into the eye is potentially hazardous and can be "toxic" to the back of the eye. He states that an over exposure to blue violet light can lead to a greater risk of macular degeneration which is a leading cause of blindness.[38]
Psychological[edit]
There are concerns that some mobile phone users incur considerable debt, and that mobile phones are being used to violate privacy and harass others.[39] In particular, there is increasing evidence that mobile phones are being used as a tool by children to bully other children.[40]
There is a large amount of research on mobile phone use, and its positive and negative influence on the human's psychological mind and social communication. Mobile phone users may encounter stress, sleep disturbances and symptoms of depression, especially young adults.[41] Consistent phone use can cause a chain reaction, affecting one aspect of a user's life and expanding to contaminate the rest. It usually starts with social disorders, which can lead to depression and stress and ultimately affect lifestyle habits such as sleeping right and eating right.[21]
According to research done by Jean M. Twenge, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University, there is a correlation between mobile phone overuse and depression. According to Twenge and her colleagues, at the same time that smartphones were on the rise, there was also an increase seen in depressive symptoms and even suicides among adolescents in 2010.[42] The theory behind this research is that adolescents who are being raised as a generation of avid smartphone users are spending so much time on these devices that they forgo actual human interaction which is seen as essential to mental health, “The more time teens spend looking at screens, the more likely they are to report symptoms of depression.”[43] While children used to spend their free time outdoors with others, with the advancement of technology, this free time is seemingly now being spent more on mobile devices.
Children these days are missing out on outdoor play and the chance to let their imagination grow because they are constantly playing games and snapchatting. Psychologist Nancy Colier makes the point that we all have lost sight of what is truly important to us in life. She says that people have become “disconnected from what really matters, from what makes us feel nourished and grounded as human beings.” [44] Our addiction to technology has deterred neurological and relationship development because tech is being introduced to people at a very young age. People have become so addicted to their phones that they are almost dependent on them. Our bodies are not meant to be constantly staring at a screen as we need time to relax our eyes and more importantly our minds. Colier states, “Without open spaces and downtime, the nervous system never shuts down — it’s in constant fight-or-flight mode. “We’re wired and tired all the time. Even computers reboot, but we’re not doing it.”[44]
The amount of time spent on screens appears to have a correlation with happiness levels. A nationally-representative study of American 12th graders funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse titled Monitoring the Future Survey found that “teens who spent more time than average on screen activities are more likely to be unhappy, and those who spend more time than average on non screen activities are more likely to be happy.” One of the most important findings of this study is how the amount of time spent on non screen activities versus on screen activities affects the happiness levels of teenagers.[45]
However, while it is easy to see a correlation between cell phone overuse and these symptoms of depression, anxiety, and isolation, it is much harder to prove that cell phones themselves cause these issues. Studies of correlations cannot prove causation because there are multiple other factors that increase depression in people today. Although parents and other figures share these concerns, according to Peter Etchells, a psychologist at Bath Spa University in England, other possible variables must be reviewed as well. Etchells proposes two possible alternative theories: depression could cause teens to use iphones more or teens could be more open to discussing the topic of depression in this day and age.[46]
A survey done by a group of independent opticians reviled that 43% of people under the age of 25 experienced anxiety or even irritation when they were not able to access their phone whenever they wanted.[38] This survey shows the psychological effect that cell phones have on people, specifically young people. Checking a cell phone has become a normal daily event for many people over the years just as getting dressed in the morning is, people don't feel right when they don't do it.
Distracted driving[edit]
Mobile phone overuse can be especially dangerous in certain situations such as texting and driving or talking on the phone while driving. Over 8 people are killed and 1,161 are injured daily because of distracted driving.[47] At any given daylight moment across America, approximately 660,000 drivers are using cell phones or electronic devices while driving.[47] The significant number of injuries and accidents from distracted driving can be contributed at least partially to mobile phone overuse. There is currently no national ban on texting while driving, but many states have implemented laws to try to prevent these accidents.[47]
Tools[edit]
German psychotherapist and online addiction expert Bert te Wildt recommends using tools such as Offtime and Menthal to help prevent mobile phone overuse.[48]
Many smartphone addiction activists (such as Tristan Harris) recommend turning your phone screen to grayscale mode, which helps reduce time spent on mobile phones by making them boring to look at.[49]
There are many apps available on Android and IOs play stores, which help to track your mobile usage, one of the app suggested by Motivational Student Speaker is YourHour for android users .
In popular culture[edit]
Personalities such as Amy Borkowsky are popularising and challenging the assumed level of dependence on and necessity of mobile telephones by having mobile telephone free periods.
See also[edit]
Telecommunication portal
Smartphone
Smartphone zombie
Television addiction
Underearners Anonymous
Computer addiction
Internet addiction disorder
Nomophobia, a proposed name for the fear of being out of cellular phone contact
Video game overuse
Mobile phones and driving safety
De Quervain syndrome
Mobile phone radiation and health
Digital detox, a period of time during which a person refrains from using electronic connecting devices
Mobile phone § Health effects
References[edit]
Jump up ^ WHO. "Management of substance abuse: Dependence Syndrome".
^ Jump up to: a b Davey S, Davey A (2014). "Assessment of Smartphone Addiction in Indian Adolescents: A Mixed Method Study by Systematic-review and Meta-analysis Approach". J Prev Med. 5 (12): 1500–1511. PMC 4336980  . PMID 25709785.
Jump up ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders". American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA. 5th edition.
Jump up ^ Emanuel, Richard (2015). "The Truth about Smartphone Addiction". College Student Journal. 49: 291.
Jump up ^ Merlo LJ, Stone AM, Bibbey A (2013). "Measuring Problematic Mobile Phone Use: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the PUMP Scale". J Addict. 2013: 912807. doi:10.1155/2013/912807. PMC 4008508  . PMID 24826371.
Jump up ^ Lopez-Fernandez O, Honrubia-Serrano L, Freixa-Blanxart M, Gibson W (2014). "Prevalence of problematic mobile phone use in British adolescents". Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 17 (2): 91–98. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0260. PMID 23981147.
Jump up ^ Pedrero Pérez EJ, Rodríguez Monje MT, Ruiz Sánchez De León JM (2012). "Mobile phone abuse or addiction. A review of the literature". Adicciones. 24: 139–152. PMID 22648317.
Jump up ^ Koo HJ, Kwon JH (2014). "Risk and protective factors of internet addiction: a meta-analysis of empirical studies in Korea". Yonsei Med J. 55 (6): 1691–1711. doi:10.3349/ymj.2014.55.6.1691. PMC 4205713  . PMID 25323910.
Jump up ^ Roberts JA, Yaya LH, Manolis C (2014). "The invisible addiction: cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students". J Behav Addict. 3 (4): 254–265. doi:10.1556/JBA.3.2014.015. PMC 4291831  . PMID 25595966.
Jump up ^ van Deursen AJAM; Bolle CL; Hegner SM; Kommers PAM (2015). "Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behaviour: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender". Computers in Human Behavior. 45: 411–420. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.039.
Jump up ^ Effects of Smartphone addiction and how to deal with it website : http://www.gadgetspider.com/deal-with-smartphone-addiction/
Jump up ^ James E. Katz, and M. Akhus, 'operceptual contact: Mobile communication, private talk, public performance, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Jump up ^ Gibson, E. (27 July 2011). Smartphone dependency: a growing obsession with gadgets. Retrieved 27 September 2013 from USA Today website: http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/medical/health/medical/mentalhealth/story/2011/07/Smartphone-dependency-a-growing-obsession-to-gadgets/49661286/1
Jump up ^ Belardi, B. (Ed.). (18 June 2012). Consumers Crave iPhone More Than Facebook, Sex. Retrieved 15 October 2013 from PR Newswire website: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/consumers-crave-iphone-more-than-facebook-sex-according-to-gazelle-159430685.html
Jump up ^ Perlow, Leslie A. (2012). Sleeping with your smartphone : how to break the 24/7 habit and change the way you work. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business Review Press. ISBN 9781422144046.
Jump up ^ Turkle, Sherry (2011). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from each Other. Basic Books, Inc., New York, NY, USA. p. 241. ISBN 9780465010219.
^ Jump up to: a b Turkle, Sherry (2011). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Basic Books. p. 161. ISBN 9780465010219.
Jump up ^ "the definition of depersonalize". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Baral, Susmita (January 4, 2017). "How to Break the Habit of Checking your Phone all the Time". Mic. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Al Fawareh, Hejab M. (November 6, 2017). "The Use and Effects of Smartphones in Higher Education". International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies. 11: 103–111 – via EBSCO.
^ Jump up to: a b Thomée, Sara; Härenstam, Annika; Hagberg, Mats (2011). "Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults - a prospective cohort study". BMC Public Health. 11 (1): 66. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-66.
Jump up ^ Britt, Darice (June 2013). "Health Risks of Using Mobile Phones". South Carolina University. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mobile phones and nosocomial infections". International Journal of Infection Control. 2012. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
Jump up ^ Badr, Rawia Ibrahim; Badr, Hatem ibrahim; Ali, Nabil Mansour (2012-03-26). "Mobile phones and nosocomial infections". International Journal of Infection Control. 8 (2). doi:10.3396/ijic.v8i2.014.12. ISSN 1996-9783. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
Jump up ^ World Health Organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (2011). "IARC Classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans" (PDF). Press Release no. 208.
Jump up ^ Sinhna, Kounteya (18 May 2010). "Cell overuse can cause brain cancer". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Lerchl A, Klose M, Grote K, Wilhelm AF, Spathmann O, Fiedler T, Streckert J, Hansen V, Clemens M (Apr 2015). "Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 459: 585–90. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.151. PMID 25749340.
Jump up ^ Frey AH (1962). "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy". J Appl Physiol. 17 (4): 689–692. PMID 13895081.
Jump up ^ Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA (2004). "Association of mobile phone radiation with fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension and sleep disturbance in Saudi population". Saudi Med J. 25: 732–736. PMID 15195201.
Jump up ^ Carpenter DO (2014). "Excessive Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields May Cause the Development of Electrohypersensitivity". Altern Ther Health Med. 20 (6): 40–42. PMID 25478802.
Jump up ^ Rubin, G. James; Hahn, Gareth; Everitt, Brian S.; Cleare, Anthony J.; Wessely, Simon (2006-04-13). "Are some people sensitive to mobile phone signals? Within participants double blind randomised provocation study". BMJ. 332 (7546): 886–891. doi:10.1136/bmj.38765.519850.55. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 16520326.
Jump up ^ Arnetz, Bengt B.; Hillert, Lena; Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Lowden, Arne; Kuster, Niels; Ebert, Sven; Boutry, Clementine; Moffat, Scott D.; Berg, Mats; Wiholm, Clairy. Effects from 884 MHz mobile phone radiofrequency on brain electrophysiology, sleep, cognition, and well-being, Referierte Publikationen, Chicago, 2008.
Jump up ^ Janssen, D. "Smartphone-induced sleep deprivation and its implications for public health". Europeanpublichealth.com. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Dhungel A, Zmirou-Navier D, van Deventer E (2015). "Risk management policies and practices regarding radio frequency electromagnetic fields: results from a WHO survey". Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 164 (1–2): 22–27. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu324. PMC 4401037  . PMID 25394650.
Jump up ^ Pierre Le Hir (2015). "Une loi pour encadrer l'exposition aux ondes". Le Monde (29 January 2015).
Jump up ^ Powerwatch (2015). "Wifi banned from nurseries in France" (05/02/2015).
Jump up ^ Leung, L. and Liang, J., 2015. Mobile Phone Addiction. In Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior (pp. 640-647). IGI Global
^ Jump up to: a b "Smartphone overuse may 'damage' eyes, say opticians - BBC Newsbeat". BBC Newsbeat. 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
Jump up ^ Bianchi, Adriana; Phillips, James G. (2005). "Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use". Cyberpsychology & Behavior. New York: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 8 (1): 39–51. doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.39.
Jump up ^ http://www.zdnet.com/article/cyberbullying-increases-in-line-with-mobile-phone-usage-infographic/
Jump up ^ "Are Smartphones Bad For Our Youth?". The Perspective. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Twenge, Jean. "Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?". The Atlantic.
Jump up ^ Twenge, Jean. "Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time". Sage Journals.
^ Jump up to: a b Brody, Jane E. "Hooked on Our Smartphones". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Twenge, Jean M. (September 2017). "Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?". The Atlantic. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Turk, Victoria. "Apple investors say iPhones cause teen depression. Science doesn't". Wired.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Dangers of Distracted Driving". Federal Communications Commission. 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ ZDF. "Einfach mal abschalten -Suchtfaktor Smartphone".
Jump up ^ http://www.gogray.today
Further reading[edit]
Roberts, James A. (2015). TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING: Are You Addicted to Your Smartphone?. Sentia Publishing. ISBN 978-0996300476.
Richtel, Matt (22 April 2007). "It Don't Mean a Thing if You Ain't Got That Ping". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
M. Takao, S Takahashi, & M. Kitamura. Addictive Personality and Problematic Mobile Phone Use, Cyberpsychology and Behavior. 2009.
Sanchez-Martinez, M ; Otero, A. Factors Associated with Cell Phone Use in Adolescents in the Community of Madrid, Cyberpsychology & Behavior 12 (2): 131-137, 2009.
Griffiths, M. D. Does Internet and computer "addiction" exist? Some case study evidence, Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 2000.
Krajewska-Kulak, E., et al. Problematic mobile phone using among the Polish and Belarusian University students, a comparative study. Progress in Health Sciences 2.1 (2012): 45+. Academic OneFile database. 4 December 2012.
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Taken (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Taken
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Pierre Morel
Produced by
Luc Besson
Written by
Luc Besson
Robert Mark Kamen
Starring
Liam Neeson
Maggie Grace
Leland Orser
Jon Gries
David Warshofsky
Katie Cassidy
Holly Valance
Famke Janssen
Music by
Nathaniel Méchaly
Cinematography
Michel Abramowicz
Edited by
Frédéric Thoraval
Production
companies
EuropaCorp
M6 Films
Grive Productions
Canal+
TPS Star
M6
All Pictures Media
Wintergreen Productions
Dune Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
27 February 2008 (2008-02-27) (France)
30 January 2009 (2009-01-30) (United States)
Running time
90 minutes[1]
Country
France[2][3]
Language
English
Budget
$25 million[4]
Box office
$226.8 million[4]
Taken is a 2008 English-language French action thriller film written by Luc Besson and Robert Mark Kamen, and directed by Pierre Morel. It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Famke Janssen, Katie Cassidy, Leland Orser, and Holly Valance. Neeson plays Bryan Mills, a former CIA operative who sets about tracking down his teenage daughter Kim (Grace) and her best friend (Cassidy) after the two girls are kidnapped by Albanian sex traffickers while traveling in France.
Taken grossed more than $226 million. Numerous media outlets have cited the film as a turning point in Neeson's career that redefined and transformed him to an action film star.[5][6][7] The film was followed by two sequels—Taken 2 and Taken 3—released in 2012 and 2014, respectively. A television series for the series premiered in 2017 on NBC, with Clive Standen portraying Bryan Mills.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
4.1 Soundtrack
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Controversy
6 Awards
7 Home media
8 In popular culture
9 Sequels
10 Television series
11 References
12 External links
Plot[edit]
Retired CIA field agent Bryan Mills attempts to build a closer relationship with his 17-year-old daughter Kim, who lives with her mother Lenore and her wealthy stepfather Stuart. While overseeing security at a concert for pop star Sheerah, Bryan saves her from an armed attacker. Out of gratitude, Sheerah offers to have Kim assessed as a singer. Before Bryan can tell her about the offer, Kim asks her father for permission to travel to Paris with her best friend Amanda. He initially refuses, but eventually agrees. At the airport, Bryan learns the girls are actually planning to follow the band U2 during their European tour.
Upon arriving at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Kim and Amanda meet Peter, an attractive young Frenchman who offers to share a taxi. Kim and Amanda go to Amanda's cousins' apartment, only for Kim to find that they are in Spain. While she makes a call to Bryan, Kim sees men enter the apartment and abduct Amanda. Kim follows her father's instructions to hide and listen closely. After she is dragged out from underneath a bed, Kim yells a description of her abductor. Bryan hears a person breathing heavily and, realising one of the abductors has picked up the phone, tells him that he will not go after the kidnappers if they release his daughter, but warns them that failure will result in their deaths. A man tersely replies, "Good luck."
Sam, an old friend and former colleague of Bryan, deduces that the kidnappers are part of an Albanian sex trafficking ring and identifies the man as Marko Hoxha. Based on previous history, Kim will disappear for good if not found within 96 hours. Bryan flies to Paris, breaks into the apartment and finds Peter's reflection in a picture on Kim's phone. He finds Peter at the airport and tries to capture him. While fleeing, Peter gets rammed by a truck. With his only lead dead, Bryan turns to an old contact, former French intelligence agent Jean-Claude Pitrel, who now has a desk job. Jean-Claude informs him of the local red-light district where the Albanian prostitution ring operates, but warns him not to get involved. Bryan enters a makeshift brothel in a construction yard, where he rescues a drugged young woman who has Kim's denim jacket. After a gunfight and high-speed chase with the brothel's operators, Bryan takes the woman to a hotel where he treats her with improvised detoxification.
The next morning, the woman tells Bryan of a safe house where she and Kim were kept. Posing as Jean-Claude, Bryan enters the house under the pretense of re-negotiating the police protection rate. When he identifies Marko Hoxha, the meeting erupts into a fight that results in the death of all gangsters except Marko. A quick search reveals several heavily drugged girls, including a dead Amanda. Bryan ties Marko into a chair and interrogates him using parrilla. Marko reveals that virgins like Kim are sold quickly due to their prized value, and identifies the buyer as Patrice Saint-Clair. Bryan leaves him to die from continuous electrocution and visits Jean-Claude's apartment that evening. Having discovered Jean-Claude's corruption, Bryan injures the latter's wife to coerce him into disclosing Saint-Clair's location.
Bryan infiltrates a covert sex slave auction underway beneath Saint-Clair's manor, where Kim is the subject of the last sale. Bryan forces Abil, an Arab bidder, to purchase her. While making his way out, Bryan is knocked out and chained to a pipe, but manages to escape and eliminate Saint-Clair's henchmen. Saint-Clair reveals a yacht owned by a sheikh named Raman before Bryan murders him. Bryan pursues the yacht and eliminates the bodyguards, including Abil, before encountering Raman in his suite where he is holding Kim at knifepoint. When Raman attempts to negotiate, Bryan kills him with a point-blank headshot. Back in the United States, Kim is reunited with Lenore and Stuart. Lenore reconciles with Bryan and allows him to bond with Kim by visiting Sheerah together.
Cast[edit]
Liam Neeson as Bryan Mills
Maggie Grace as Kim Mills
Famke Janssen as Lenore St John
Katie Cassidy as Amanda
Leland Orser as Sam Gilroy
Jon Gries as Mark Casey
David Warshofsky as Bernie Harris
Holly Valance as Sheerah
Xander Berkeley as Stuart St John
Olivier Rabourdin as Jean-Claude Pitrel
Gérard Watkins as Patrice Saint-Clair
Arben Bajraktaraj as Marko Hoxha
Camille Japy as Isabelle
Nicolas Giraud as Peter
Goran Kostić as Gregor
Nabil Massad as Raman
Production[edit]
The film was produced by Luc Besson's EuropaCorp.[8] Pierre Morel had previously worked as a director of photography for Besson, and they had also collaborated on Morel's directorial debut, District B13. Besson pitched the idea of Taken one night over dinner and Morel immediately became attached to the idea of a father fighting to protect his daughter.[9] Jeff Bridges was first cast as Bryan Mills, but after he dropped out of the project, Liam Neeson accepted the part, desiring to play a more physically demanding role than he was used to. Neeson at first thought the film to be no more than a "little side road" for his career, expecting it to be released directly to video.[10]
Music[edit]
The score of the film was composed by Nathaniel Méchaly and released on 27 January 2009.[11]
Taken: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Film score by Nathaniel Méchaly
Released
29 January 2009 (2009-01-29)
Recorded
2008
Genre
Film score
Length
45:50
Label
Razor & Tie
Soundtrack[edit]
All songs written and composed by Nathaniel Méchaly except where noted.[12][13]
Taken (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Opening" 0:52
2. "Change" (Written and performed by Joy Denalane featuring Lupe Fiasco) 4:12
3. "Permission to Go to Paris" 1:11
4. "Heading Off" 1:10
5. "The Concert" 0:53
6. "There's Somebody Here" 3:22
7. "Pursuit at Roissy" 1:07
8. "On the Rooftop" 1:40
9. "Ninety Six Hours" 6:01
10. "The Construction Site" 2:04
11. "Pursuit at the Construction Site" 1:25
12. "Saving Alex" 1:14
13. "Escape From St Clair" 1:38
14. "Tick Tick, Boom" (Written and performed by The Hives) 3:24
15. "Hotel Camelia" 1:38
16. "The Auction" 1:38
17. "Pursuit by the" 3:15
18. "On the Boat" 1:05
19. "The Last Fight" 1:52
20. "The Dragster Wave" (Written and performed by Ghinzu) 6:09
Total length: 45:50
Reception[edit]
A trailer of Taken was released on 20 June 2008.[14] The film saw its release on 27 February in France, 9 April in China and 26 September in UK in the year of 2008. It was released on 30 January in United States and 22 August in Japan in the year of 2009.[15] The film was released under the title of 96 Hours in Germany, Io vi troverò (I Will Find You) in Italy and Заложница (Hostage) in Russia.[15]
Box office[edit]
Taken grossed $145 million in the North America and $81.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $226.8 million, against a production budget of $25 million.[4]
On its opening day in the North America, the film grossed $9.4 million, scoring the best opening day ever for Super Bowl weekend.[16] It went on to make $24.7 million during its opening weekend playing in 3,183 theaters, with a $7,765 per-theatre average and ranking #1, which was the second highest Super Bowl opening weekend, at the time, behind Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert ($31.1 million).[17] The film is also the highest grossing among the Taken films in North America.[18]
The biggest market in other territories being South Korea, UK, France, Australia and Spain where the film grossed $15.47 million, $11.27 million, $9.43 million, $6.28 million, and $5.46 million respectively.[19]
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 58%, based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 5.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Taken is undeniably fun with slick action, but is largely a brainless exercise."[20] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 50 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[21]
Richard Corliss of Time said the film "has nothing more on its mind than dozens of bad guys getting beat up and another one turned into instant roadkill."[22] The Washington Post described the film as "a satisfying little thriller as grimly professional as its efficient hero" and likened the action to the Bourne film series.[23] Derek Elley of Variety described the film as a "kick ass, pedal-to-the-metal actioner [...] that wisely doesn't give the viewer any time to ponder the string of unlikely coincidences [...] the film has the forward, devil-may-care momentum of a Bond film on steroids."[24]
Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described the film's premise as "unintentionally silly at times [...] Obviously, 'Taken' is not the kind of action film to spend much time worrying about its pedestrian script or largely indifferent acting, so it's fortunate to have Neeson in the starring role." Bryan Mills is characterized as "relentless attack machine who is impervious to fists, bullets and fast-moving cars, he uses a variety of martial arts skills to knock out more opponents than Mike Tyson and casually kill those he doesn't KO".[25]
CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[26]
Controversy[edit]
In 2011, a self-proclaimed counter-terrorism expert was convicted of wire fraud after claiming the film was based on a real-life incident in which his daughter was killed. William G. Hillar, who pretended to be a retired Green Beret colonel, claimed to have spent more than 12 years lecturing US government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation on security issues. However, records revealed he had actually been a radar operator in the Coast Guard Reserve between 1962 and 1970, and had never been in the US Army. Nevertheless, his website claimed Taken was based on events involving him and his family. Hillar, who admitted the charges, was sentenced to 500 hours of community service at Maryland State Veteran Cemetery. He also agreed to repay $171,000 in speaking fees that he had received from various organizations to which he had presented himself as an expert in terrorism and human trafficking.[27]
Awards[edit]
Award
Category
Subject
Result
Broadcast Music, Inc. BMI Film Music Award Nathaniel Méchaly Won
Golden Schmoes Awards Best Line Liam Neeson Won
Biggest Surprise of the Year Taken 2nd place
Saturn Award Best International Film Taken Nominated
Home media[edit]
Taken was released as "Taken (Single-Disc Extended Edition)" on DVDs on 12 May 2009 and on Blu-ray on 9 December 2014. The film also saw release of "Taken (Two-Disc Extended Edition)" on DVDs and Blu-ray Discs on 12 May 2009.[28] As of 5 February 2015[update], the film has sold 5,388,963 DVDs and 607,073 Blu-ray Discs and grossing $79,798,171 and $10,069,116 respectively totaling $89,867,287 in North America.[29]
In popular culture[edit]
In May 2012, the plot of "Leggo My Meg-O", the twentieth episode of the tenth season of the TV series Family Guy, is based on Taken.[30] In "Brian's a Bad Father", Brian mentions that having Zooey Deschanel cast as the daughter in Taken would be thinking outside the box. A cutaway gag then depicts Bryan Mills (reprised by Liam Neeson) instructing the kidnappers to send him the head of Zooey Deschanel.
In "Hunt", a fifth-season episode of the TV series Castle, when Richard Castle's daughter Alexis is kidnapped and taken to Paris, Castle follows and Det. Kevin Ryan asks, "Who does he think he is, Liam Neeson?"
A Saturday Night Live opening sketch in March 2014 featured Liam Neeson reprising his character from the film in response to Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine and in defense of President Obama.[episode needed][31]
In the animated Cartoon Network series, The Amazing World of Gumball in the episode "The Kids", Gumball calls Mr. Fitzgerald and asks if he can talk to Penny, Mr. Fitzgerald thinks Gumball is being disrespectful to him due to his changing voice, and threatens Gumball by repeating Bryan Mills' phone speech in a scary voice. Later in the episode, Mr. Fitzgerald drives up to Gumball from his car and says the Bryan Mills line to him once more, but Gumball quickly cuts him off when he rolls up his car window, locks the door, and slams it shut in his face.
In Lego Dimensions, when Bad Cop interacts with Unikitty, Unikitty says she has a particular set of skills. Taken featured Bad Cop's voice actor Liam Neeson in the lead role.
One of the most popular[32] and best-received[33] commercials of Super Bowl XLIX in February 2015, an ad by Finnish game developer Supercell for its popular game Clash of Clans, featured Neeson parodying his character from Taken.[34]
In "Red Means Stop", the finale episode of the sixth season of The Venture Bros., The Monarch and Henchman 21 trick Red Death's family into going to his mother-in-law's and call him claiming to have kidnapped them. Before he could finish his speech, Red Death quotes Neeson's "I will find you" speech. The Monarch apologises and slowly hangs up then start to cower for a few seconds.
Sequels[edit]
In November 2010, Fox announced that EuropaCorp would produce a sequel directed by Olivier Megaton. Taken 2 was subsequently released in France on 3 October 2012, with Neeson, Janssen, Grace, Gries, Rabourdin and Orser reprising their roles from the first film.[35][36][37] A third Taken film was released 16 December 2014.[38]
Television series[edit]
Main article: Taken (TV series)
In September 2015, NBC ordered a prequel series depicting a younger Bryan Mills with Clive Standen portraying Mills, Gaius Charles, Monique Gabriela Curnen, James Landry Hebert, Michael Irby, Jose Pablo Cantillo, Jennifer Marsala and Simu Liu are cast as John, Vlasik, Casey, Sam, Bernie, Riley and Faaron, members of OPCON. Brooklyn Sudano is cast as Asha, an attractive, well-educated young student from an upper-middle-class family who is furthering her education when she first meets Bryan and Jennifer Beals is cast as Christina Hart, the Special Deputy Director of National Intelligence who has taken Mills under her wing. Cultured and powerful with a wealth of field experience, her current government position has her overseeing an elite team of operatives who take care of America’s national security emergencies. Alexander Cary will be the writer, executive producer and showrunner for the series and Alex Graves directing the pilot.[39][40]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Home›Releases›TAKEN". Bbfc.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Taken". Variety. 4 April 2010. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Buchanan, Jason. "Taken". Allrovi. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Taken (2009)". Box Office Mojo. IMDB. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
Jump up ^ Franich, Darren (2012-01-30). "Is Liam Neeson really an action star?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
Jump up ^ Hynes, Eric (2012-01-26). "Nearing 60, Liam Neeson, Action Star, Has Finally Arrived". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
Jump up ^ Tobias, Scott (2012-01-30). "Weekend Box Office: Liam Neeson marks his territory". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
Jump up ^ Jaafar, Ali; Keslassy, Elsa (21 November 2008). "New French wave prefers genre films". Variety. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Jump up ^ Douglas, Edward. "Exclusive: Pierre Morel Talks Taken". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Hainey, Michael. "The GQ Cover Story: Liam Neeson". GQ. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken Soundtrack". last.fm. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". amazon.com. Amazon.com. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken Soundtrack". cduniverse.com. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken trailer". traileraddict.com. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Taken Release". imdb.com. IMDB. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (2009-01-31). "Box office crown 'Taken' by Fox". Variety. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (2009-02-01). "'Taken' Captures Super Bowl Weekend". Retrieved 2012-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Taken Series". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken International box office". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken (2009)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Taken". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (29 January 2009). "'Taken: The French Disconnection". Time. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Kois, Dan (30 January 2009). "Movie Review: The Thriller 'Taken,' With Liam Neeson". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Elley, Derek (2008-03-13). "Taken". Variety. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kenneth (2009-01-30). "'Taken'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
Jump up ^ "Cinemascore". cinemascore.com/. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Reputed counter-terrorism expert pleads guilty". Military Times. 2011-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Taken DVD release". dvdsreleasedates.com. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Taken". the-numbers.com. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ McFarland, Kevin (7 May 2012). "Leggo My Meg-O". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Obama Ukraine Address Cold Open - Saturday Night Live. YouTube. 9 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Gruff, Jeff (6 February 2015). "Liam Neeson's Clash of Clan's spot is the most viewed Super Bowl ad on YouTube". VentureBeat. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Grubb, Jeff (13 February 2015). "YouTube viewers voted Liam Neeson's Clash of Clans spot the No. 2 Super Bowl ad". VentureBeat. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (2 February 2015). "Watch This Year's Best Super Bowl Commercials". Collider.com. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Are We Going To Be Taken Again?". The Film Stage. 10 June 2010. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liam Neeson Confirmed For Taken 2" Empire. 17 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Maggie Grace Confirmed for 'Taken 2'" /Film. 6 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (January 11, 2015). "Liam Neeson and 'Taken 3': Anatomy of an AARP Action Hero". Yahoo!. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva. "'Taken' Prequel TV Series Ordered By At NBC With Luc Besson Producing - Deadline". Deadline.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (February 22, 2016). "NBC's 'Taken' Prequel Series Finds Lead in 'Vikings' Star". The Hollywood Reporter.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taken (film).
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Ruiz
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The surname Ruiz originates from the Germanic personal name “Hrodric” which is composed of the elements Hrod, meaning “renown”, and Ric meaning power. Thus, the name Ruiz means “famous ruler”. Ruiz derives from the name of the father of the original bearer. Its roots can be traced back to the Visigoths, the Germanic tribe who ruled in the Iberian Peninsula between the 5th and 8th centuries.[citation needed]
People[edit]
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1890–1973), President of Mexico 1952-1958
Alejandro R. Ruiz (1923–2009), U.S. Army recipient of Medal of Honor in World War II
Alexandre Ruiz (born 1987), French rugby union referee
Ashley Ruiz (born 1976), American singer, prior member of the group Menudo
Bartolomé Ruiz (1482–1532), Spanish conquistador
Blas Ruiz, Spanish explorer
Bryan Ruiz (born 1985), Costa Rican football player
Carlos Ruiz (disambiguation), several people
Chris Ruiz, German electronic DJ and producer, member of band And One
Edgar Humberto Ruiz (born 1971), Colombian road cyclist
Enzo Ruiz (disambiguation), several people
Estanislau Ruiz Ponsetti (1889–1967), Spanish engineer and socialist politician
Estela Ruiz (born 1936), Mexican-American Marian visionary
Félix Ruiz (1940–1993), Spanish footballer
Frankie Ruiz, (1958–1998) Puerto Rican salsa singer
Gabriel Ruiz (disambiguation), several people
Grace Ruiz, actress
Héctor Ruiz (born 1945), Mexican-American businessman, CEO of AMD
Hipólito Ruiz López (1754–1816), Spanish botanist
Israel Ruiz, Jr. (born 1943), New York politician
Iván Ruiz (born 1977), Cuban volleyball player
John Ruiz a.k.a. “The Quiet Man” (born 1972), Puerto Rican boxing champion
José Francisco Ruiz (1795–1840), Texas revolutionary and politician
José Martínez Ruiz, pseudonym Azorin (1873–1967), Spanish poet and writer
José Javier Pomés Ruiz (born 1952), Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament
Juan Ruiz (1283–1350), Spanish priest and poet
Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (1581–1639), dramatist from New Spain
Lorenzo Ruiz (c. 1600–1637), Filipino saint
Don Miguel Ruiz (born 1952), Mexican author, shaman, and teacher of the Toltec tradition
Óscar Ruiz (born 1969), Colombian football referee
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso (born 1881), Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright
Raoul Ruiz (1941–2011), Chilean filmmaker
Renata Ruiz (born 1984), Chilean model, 2005 Miss Universe contestant
Renato Ruiz (born 1977), Mexican professional wrestler
Rio Ruiz (born 1994), American professional baseball player
Rodrigo Ruiz (born 1972), Chilean football player
Rosie Ruiz (born 1953), woman who finished first in the 1980 Boston Marathon but was later found to have cheated by jumping in during the middle of the race
Samuel Ruiz (born 1924), Mexican bishop from the state of Chiapas
Tracie Ruiz (born 1963), American synchronized swimmer
Yumilka Ruiz (born 1978), Cuban volleyball player
Places[edit]
Nevado del Ruiz, volcano in Colombia
Ruiz, Nayarit, in Mexico
This page lists people with the surname Ruiz. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruiz&oldid=799368253"
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Carlos Ruiz (disambiguation)

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Edgar Humberto Ruiz

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Enzo Ruiz (disambiguation)

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Gabriel Ruiz (disambiguation)

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Héctor Ruiz

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Israel Ruiz, Jr.

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Pablo Ruiz y Picasso

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Renato Ruiz

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Ruiz – Catalan
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Ruiz – Cebuano
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Ruiz – Spanish
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es
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Ruiz – French
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Ruiz – Dutch
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Ruiz – Portuguese
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Ruiz – Finnish
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