text:
List of oldest buildings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article lists the oldest free-standing buildings constructed in the world, including on each of the continents and within each country. "Building" is defined as any human-made structure used or interface for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy. In order to qualify for list a structure must:
be a recognisable building;
incorporate features of building work from the claimed date to at least 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in height;
be largely complete or include building work to this height for most of its perimeter.
contains an enclosed area with at least one entry point.
This consciously excludes ruins of limited height and statues. The list also excludes:
dolmens—a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of three or more upright stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone—unless they were originally covered over to form a barrow and used for collective burials. (Neolithic dolmens are extremely numerous, with over 1,000 reported from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany alone.)[1]
cairns which are simply large piles of loose stones (as opposed to chambered cairns.)
Dates for many of the oldest structures have been arrived at by radiocarbon dating and should be considered approximate.
Contents
[hide]
1 By age
2 By continent
3 By country
4 Miscellaneous
4.1 Oldest of their type
4.2 Other structures
5 See also
6 References
By age[edit]
The following are amongst the oldest buildings in the world that have maintained the requirements to be such. Occupation sites with older human made structures such as those in Göbekli Tepe do exist, but the structures are monuments and do not meet the definition of building (which can be seen above). Many of the buildings within the list contain primarily bricks, but most importantly maintain their walls and roof. There are numerous extant structures that survive in the Orkney islands of Scotland, some of the best known of which are part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site.[2] The list also contains many large buildings from the Egyptian Age of the Pyramids.
Building
Image
Country
Continent
First built
Use
Notes
Barnenez France Europe 4850 BC Passage grave Located in northern Finistère and partially restored. According to André Malraux it would have been better named ‘The Prehistoric Parthenon’. The structure is 72 m long, 25 m wide and over 8 m high.[3][4]
As of current, it is the oldest building by strict definition.
Tumulus of Bougon France Europe 4700 BC Tumulus A complex of tombs with varying dates near Poitiers, the oldest being F0.[3]
Tumulus Saint-Michel France Europe 4500 BC Tumulus The tumulus forms what is almost an artificial hillock of more than 30,000m3 (125m long, 60m wide and 10m high).[5][6]
Monte d'Accoddi Italy (Sardinia) Europe 4000–3650 BC [7][8] Possibly an open-air temple, ziggurat, or a step pyramid, mastaba. A trapezoidal platform on an artificial mound, reached by a sloped causeway. New radiocarbon dating (2011) allow us to date the building of the first monument to 4000–3650 BC, the second shrine dating to 3500–3000 BC."[9]
Knap of Howar Scotland Europe 3700 BC House Oldest preserved stone house in north west Europe.[10][11][12]
Ġgantija Malta Europe 3700 BC Temple Two structures on the island of Gozo. The second was built four centuries after the oldest.[13][14]
West Kennet Long Barrow England Europe 3650 BC Tomb Located near Silbury Hill and Avebury stone circle.[15]
Listoghil Ireland Europe 3550 BC Passage Tomb At the centre of the Carrowmore passage tomb cluster, a simple box-shaped chamber is surrounded by a kerb c.34m in diameter and partly covered by a cairn. It has been partly reconstructed.[16]
Pentre Ifan Wales Europe 3500 BC Neolithic Dolmen It contains and gives its name to the largest and best preserved neolithic dolmen in Wales. One of the oldest and best preserved Neolithic dolmen in the United Kingdom.
Sechin Bajo Peru South America 3500 BC Plaza The oldest known building in the Americas.[17]
La Hougue Bie Jersey Europe 3500 BC Passage grave An 18.6 metre long passage chamber. The chapel above is medieval.[18]
Midhowe Chambered Cairn Scotland Europe 3500 BC Tomb A well-preserved example of the Orkney-Cromarty type on the island of Rousay.[19]
Gavrinis passage tomb France Europe 3500 BC Tomb On a small island, situated in the Gulf of Morbihan.[20]
Wayland's Smithy England Europe 3460 BC Chamber tomb A barrow constructed on top of an older burial chamber.[21]
Unstan Chambered Cairn Scotland Europe 3450 BC Tomb Excavated in 1884, when grave goods were found, giving their name to Unstan ware.[22][23][24]
Knowe of Yarso chambered cairn Scotland Europe 3350 BC Tomb One of several Rousay tombs. It contained numerous deer skeletons when excavated in the 1930s.[22][25][26]
Quanterness chambered cairn Scotland Europe 3250 BC Tomb The remains of 157 individuals were found inside when excavated in the 1970s.[22][27]
Loughcrew
Ireland Europe 3400 BC Tomb It is the site of megalithic burial grounds dating back to approximately 3500 and 3300 BC
Tarxien Temples Malta Europe 3250 BC Temples Part of the Megalithic Temples of Malta World Heritage Site.[13][28]
Shahr-e Sukhteh Iran Asia 3200 BC Settlement a rich source of information regarding the emergence of complex societies and contacts between them in the third millennium [29]
Newgrange Ireland Europe 3200 BC[30] Burial Partially reconstructed around original passage grave.[31]
Skara Brae Scotland Europe 3180 BC Settlement Northern Europe's best preserved Neolithic village.[32]
Tomb of the Eagles Scotland Europe 3150 BC Tomb In use for 800 years or more. Numerous bird bones were found here, predominantly white-tailed sea eagle.[33][34]
Dolmen de Bagneux France Europe 3000 BC Dolmen This is the largest dolmen in France, and perhaps the world, the overall length of the dolmen is 23 m (75 ft), with the internal chamber at over 18 m (60 ft) in length and at least 3m high.[35][36][37]
Grey Cairns of Camster Scotland Europe 3000 BC or older Tomb Located near Upper Camster in Caithness.[38][39]
Hulbjerg Jættestue Denmark Europe 3000 BC Passage grave The grave is concealed by a round barrow on the southern tip of the island of Langeland. One of the skulls found there showed traces of the world's earliest dentistry work.[40][41][42]
Maikop kurgans Russia Europe 3000 BC Tomb There are numerous tombs, some perhaps originating in the Maikop culture, in the North Caucasus.[43][44]
Taversoe Tuick chambered cairn Scotland Europe 3000 BC Tomb Unusually, there is an upper and lower chamber.[45]
Holm of Papa chambered cairn Scotland Europe 3000 BC Tomb The central chamber is over 20 metres long.[46][47]
Barpa Langass Scotland Europe 3000 BC Tomb The best preserved chambered cairn in the Hebrides.[48][49]
Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn Scotland Europe 3000 BC Tomb Excavated in 1901, when it was found to contain the bones of men, dogs and oxen.[50][51]
Quoyness cairn Scotland Europe 2900 BC Tomb An arc of Bronze Age mounds surrounds this cairn on the island of Sanday.[52]
Maeshowe Scotland Europe 2800 BC Tomb The entrance passage is 36 feet (11 m) long and leads to the central chamber measuring about 15 feet (4.6 m) on each side.[53][54]
Shunet El Zebib Egypt Africa 2700 BC Mortuary temple Built as a funerary enclosure, a place where the deceased king was worshipped and memorized.[55]
Pyramid of Djoser Egypt Africa 2667–2648 BC Burial Earliest large-scale cut stone construction.[56]
Harappa Pakistan Asia 2600BC Settlement A Bronze Age fortified city with clay sculptured houses in west of Sahiwal.[57]
The civilization, with a possible writing system, urban centers, and diversified social and economic system.
Mohenjo Daro Pakistan Asia 2600BC Settlement Archeological site near Lankana, Sindh.[58]
World's earliest settlement with one and two storied brick houses, public baths, assembly halls, central marketplace and covered drains.
Dholavira India Asia 2650 BC-2100 BC Settlement A complex of ruins with varying dates at Dholavira.[59][60][61]
Brick water reservoirs, with steps, circular graves & ruins of well planned town.
Caral Peru South America 2600 BC Pyramid Once thought to be the oldest building in South America.[62]
Pyramid of Meidum Egypt Africa c. 2580 BC Tomb Fourth Dynasty structure completed by Sneferu.
Bent Pyramid Egypt Africa c. 2580 BC Tomb A second structure completed by Sneferu.
Red Pyramid Egypt Africa c. 2580 BC Tomb Third large pyramid completed by Sneferu.[63]
Great Pyramid of Giza Egypt Africa 2560 BC Tomb Mausoleum for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu.[64] World's tallest man-made structure for over 3800 years, until Lincoln Cathedral in 1311.
Knowth Ireland Europe Between 2500-2000 BC Passage grave [65]
Pyramid of Khafre Egypt Africa c. 2500 BC Tomb One of the Pyramids of Giza.[66]
Pyramid of Menkaure Egypt Africa c. 2500 BC Tomb Menkaure was probably Khafre's successor.
Dowth Ireland Europe 2500 BC Tomb The cairn is about 85 metres (280 ft) in diameter and 15 metres (50 ft) high.[65]
Pyramid of Userkaf Egypt Africa c. 2480 BC Tomb Located close to Pyramid of Djoser.[67]
Pyramid of Sahure Egypt Africa c. 2480 BC Tomb Built for Sahure.[68]
Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai Egypt Africa c. 2460 BC Tomb Built for Neferirkare Kakai.[68]
Pyramid of Neferefre Egypt Africa c. 2455 BC Tomb Never completed but does contain a tomb.[68]
Pyramid of Niuserre Egypt Africa c. 2425 BC Tomb [69]
Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi Egypt Africa c. 2370 BC Tomb
Pyramid of Unas Egypt Africa c. 2340 BC Tomb [70]
Pyramid of Teti Egypt Africa c. 2330 BC Tomb
Labbacallee Ireland Europe c. 2300 BC Tomb The largest wedge tomb in Ireland.[citation needed]
Pyramid of Merenre Egypt Africa c. 2275 BC Tomb Built for Merenre Nemtyemsaf I but not completed.
Pyramid of Pepi II Neferkare Egypt Africa c. 2180 BC Tomb
Crantit cairn Scotland Europe 2130 BC Tomb Discovered in 1998 near Kirkwall.[71][72]
Ziggurat of Ur Iraq Asia 2100 BC Temple The Great Ziggurat of Ur was a temple built by Neo-Sumerians under king Ur-Nammu in honor of goddess Nanna. It was partially reconstructed in the 1980s under Saddam Hussein.
Dolmen de Viera Spain Europe 2000 BC Tomb The Dolmen de Viera or Dolmen de los Hermanos Viera is a dolmen—a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb[73]
Dolmen of Cava dei Servi Italy (Sicily) Europe 2000 BC Tomb The dolmen of Cava dei Servi is a semi-oval monument formed by four rectangular slabs fixed into the ground. Three slabs are on top, leaning in such a way they reduce the surface and form a false dome.[74]
Rubha an Dùnain passage grave Scotland Europe 2000 BC or older Tomb [75][76][77]
Corrimony chambered cairn Scotland Europe 2000 BC or older Tomb A Clava-type passage grave surrounded by a circle of 11 standing stones.[78][79]
Knossos Greece Europe 2000–1300 BC Palace Minoan structure on a Neolithic site.[80]
Bryn Celli Ddu Wales Europe 2000 BC Tomb Located on the island of Anglesey.[81]
Balnuaran of Clava Scotland Europe 2000 BC Tomb The largest of three is the north-east cairn, which was partially reconstructed in the 19th century. The central cairn may have been used as a funeral pyre.[77][82][83]
Vinquoy cairn, Eday Scotland Europe 2000 BC Tomb [84]
Pyramid of Amenemhat I Egypt Africa c. 1960 BC Tomb
Pyramid of Senusret I Egypt Africa c. 1920 BC Tomb
Pyramid of Senusret II Egypt Africa c. 1875 BC Tomb
Pyramid of Senusret III Egypt Africa c. 1835 BC Tomb Built for Senusret III
Black Pyramid Egypt Africa c. 1820 BC Tomb Built for Amenemhat III, it has multiple structural deficits.
Hawara Egypt Africa c. 1810 BC Tomb Also built for Amenemhat III.
Pyramid of Khendjer Egypt Africa c. 1760 BC Tomb Built for pharaoh Khendjer
Nuraghe Santu Antine Italy (Sardinia) Europe 1600 BC Possibly a fort The second tallest of these megalithic edifices found in Sardinia and tallest still standing.[85]
Su Nuraxi di Barumini Italy (Sardinia) Europe 1500 BC Possibly a fort or a palace The palace of Barumini is formed by a huge quatrefoiled nuraghe, whose central tower is its oldest construction. Originally it was almost 20 metres high and divided into three floors.[86][87]
Nuraghe La Prisciona Italy (Sardinia) Europe 1400 BC Possibly a fort The monument has a central tower and 2 side towers, the former with an entrance defined by a massive lintel of 3.20 m. The central chamber has a false dome, which is more than 6 meters high.[88]
The Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu Iraq Asia 14th century BC Probably religious rituals Built for the Kassite King Kurigalzu I.[89]
Treasury of Atreus Greece Europe 1250 BC Tomb The tallest and widest dome in the world for over a thousand years.[90]
Chogha Zanbil Iran Asia 1250 BC Temple One of the few extant ziggurats outside of Mesopotamia.[91]
Naveta d'Es Tudons Spain Europe 1200-750 BC Ossuary The most famous megalithic chamber tomb in Menorca.[92]
Dún Aonghasa Ireland Europe 1100 BC Fort Dún Aonghasa, also called Dun Aengus, has been described as one of the most spectacular prehistoric monuments in western Europe. The drystone walled hillfort is made up of 4 widely spaced concentric ramparts.[93][94]
The King's Grave Sweden Europe 1000 BC Tomb Near Kivik is the remains of an unusually grand Nordic Bronze Age double burial.[95]
Cuicuilco Circular Pyramid Mexico North America 800–600 BC Ceremonial center One of the oldest standing structures of the Mesoamerican cultures. First steps in the creation of a sun based calendar.[96]
Van Fortress Turkey Asia 750 BC Fortress Massive Urartean stone fortification overlooking Tushpa.
Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia Italy Europe 700 BC Tombs These Etruscan necropolises contain thousands of tombs, some organized in a city-like plan.[97]
Temple of Hera Italy Europe 550 BC Temple Part of a complex of three great temples in Doric style.[98]
Tomb of Cyrus Iran Asia 530 BC Tomb Tomb of Cyrus the Great, located in Pasargadae
Persepolis
Persepolis
Iran Asia 522 BC ceremonial capital ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire
Yeha Temple Ethiopia Africa 500 BC Temple Temple of the sun and moon.
Parthenon Greece Europe 432–447 BC Temple In the Acropolis of Athens
Keeladi Tamil Nadu, India Asia 300-500 BC Ancient old Tamil city at Keeladi
Kodumanal Tamil Nadu, India Asia 300-500 BC Ancient old Tamil city at Kodumanal
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak Bulgaria Europe 300–400 BC Tomb Located near Seutopolis, the capital city of the Thracian king Seuthes III, and part of a large necropolis.[99]
Sanchi Stupa India Asia 300 BC Buddhist temple In the village of Sanchi
Dhamek Stupa India Asia 249 BC rebuilt c500 CE Buddhist Temple In Sarnath, Varanasi
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor China Asia Began construction 246 BC, finished 208 BC Tomb Commonly known as the Terracotta Army, this is one of the largest tombs ever built. It does not only contain the entire stone army, but a complex of halls and of course the resting place of Qin Shi Huang.
Ruwanwelisaya
Sri Lanka Asia 140 BC Stupa in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Broch of Mousa Scotland Europe 100 BC Broch Located in Shetland it is among the best-preserved prehistoric buildings in Europe.[100][101]
Dun Carloway Scotland Europe 100 BC Broch Built in the first century BCE[102]
Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum Hong Kong Asia 25 AD Tomb
Colosseum Italy Europe 70–80 AD Amphitheatre
By continent[edit]
The following are amongst the oldest extant buildings on each of the major continents.
Building
Image
Country
Continent
First Built
Use
Notes
Shahr-e Sukhteh Iran Asia 3200 BCE Settlement A rich source of information regarding the emergence of complex societies and contacts between them in the third millennium[29]
Barnenez France Europe 4850 BCE Passage grave Located in northern Finistère and partially restored. According to André Malraux it would have been better named ‘The Prehistoric Parthenon’. The structure is 72 m long, 25 m wide and over 8 m high.[3][4]
Sechin Bajo Peru South America 3500 BCE Plaza The oldest known building in the Americas.[17][103]
Pyramid of Djoser Egypt Africa 2667–2648 BCE Burial Earliest large-scale cut stone construction[56]
Cuicuilco Circular Pyramid Mexico North America 800–600 BCE Ceremonial center One of the oldest standing structures of the Mesoamerican cultures.[96]
Wiebbe Hayes Stone Fort Australia Australasia 1629 CE Defensive fort Oldest known building in Australia, a defensive fort used by the survivors of the Batavia shipwreck on West Wallabi Island.[104]
Cape Adare huts Ross Dependency Antarctica 1899 CE Explorers' huts Wooden buildings constructed by Carsten Borchgrevink in Victoria Land.[105]
By country[edit]
The following are among the oldest buildings in their respective countries.
Building
Image
Country
Continent
First Built
Use
Notes
Weibbe Hayes Stone Fort Australia Australasia 1629 AD Stone Fort Old stone fort built by the survivors of the Batavia shipwreck.
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak Bulgaria Europe 300–400 BC Tomb Located near Seutopolis, the capital city of the Thracian king Seuthes III, and part of a large necropolis.[99]
L'Anse aux Meadows Canada North America c. 1000 AD Settlement Located on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, the Norse settlement is widely accepted as evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact.
Hulbjerg Jættestue Denmark Europe 3000 BC Passage grave The Hulbjerg passage grave is concealed by a round barrow on the southern tip of the island of Langeland. One of the skulls found there showed traces of the world's earliest dentistry work.[40][40]
West Kennet Long Barrow England Europe 3650 BC Tomb Located near Silbury Hill and Avebury stone circle.[15]
Barnenez France Europe 4850 BC Passage grave Located in northern Finistère and partially restored. The structure is 72 m long, 25 m wide and over 8 m high.[3][4] The oldest known building in Eurasia.
Porta Nigra Germany Europe 180 AD Roman city gate It is today the largest Roman city gate north of the Alps.[106]
Knossos Greece Europe 2000–1300 BC Palace Minoan structure on a Neolithic site.[80]
Dholavira India Asia 2600 BC-2100 BC Reservoir A planned urban settlement comprising reservoirs, pottery artifacts, seals, ornaments, vessels, etc.
Chogha Zanbil Iran Asia 1250 BC Temple One of the few extant ziggurats outside of Mesopotamia.[91]
The Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu Iraq Asia 14th century BC Probably religious rituals Built by the Kassite King Kurigalzu I.[89]
Newgrange Ireland Europe 3200–2900 BC Burial Partially reconstructed around original passage grave.[31]
Monte d'Accoddi Italy (Sardinia) Europe 4000–3600 BC Possibly an open-air temple, a ziggurat, or a step pyramid, mastaba. "A trapezoidal platform on an artificial mound, reached by a sloped causeway."[9]
Ġgantija Malta Europe 3700 BC Temple Two structures on the island of Gozo. The second was built four centuries after the oldest.[13][14]
Cuicuilco Circular Pyramid Mexico North America 800–600 BC Ceremonial center One of the oldest standing structures of the Mesoamerican cultures.[96]
Mission House New Zealand Australasia 1822 Religious Built by Māori and missionary carpenters.[107]
Mehrgarh Pakistan Asia c. 2600 BC Mud brick storage structures A complex of ruins with varying dates near Bolan Pass.[108][109]
Sechin Bajo Peru South America 3500 BC Plaza The oldest known building in the Americas.[17]
Knap of Howar Scotland Europe 3700 BC House Oldest preserved stone house in north west Europe.[10][11][12]
Naveta d'Es Tudons Spain Europe 1200-750 BC Ossuary The most famous megalithic chamber tomb in Menorca.[92]
The King's Grave Sweden Europe 1000 BC Tomb Near Kivik is the remains of an unusually grand Nordic Bronze Age double burial.[110]
Hattusa Turkey Asia c. 1600 BC Ramparts and ruined buildings Capital of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age located near modern Boğazkale.[111]
Ancestral Puebloan communities United States North America 750 AD Villages Pueblo construction began in 750 CE and continues to the present day. These buildings have been within the U.S. since 1848, when New Mexico was annexed.
Bryn Celli Ddu Wales Europe 2000 BC Tomb Located on the island of Anglesey.[81]
Miscellaneous[edit]
Oldest of their type[edit]
The following are probably the oldest buildings of their type.
Building
Image
Location
First Built
Use
Notes
Hōryū-ji Nara, Japan 670 AD Temple Oldest wooden building still standing.[112]
Pyramid of Djoser Saqqara, Egypt 2667–2648 BC Tomb Oldest large-scale cut stone construction[56]
Göbekli Tepe Turkey 12000–8400 BC Ceremonial The oldest known human-made religious structure.[113][114]
Jokhang Lhasa, China c. 639 AD Buddhist temple Perhaps the world's oldest timber frame building.[115]
Nanchan Temple Wutai, China 782 AD Buddhist Temple Its Great Buddha Hall is currently China's oldest extant timber building.
Ditherington Flax Mill Shrewsbury, England 1797 AD Industrial The oldest iron framed building in the world.[116]
Maison Carrée France 16 BC Temple The only completely preserved temple of the ancient world.[117]
Pantheon, Rome Italy 125 AD Religious Oldest standing building still in regular use.[118]
Aula Palatina Germany 306 AD Palace basilica Contains the largest extant hall from antiquity.[106]
Greensted Church England c. 1053 AD Church May be the oldest, extant wooden church in the world and the oldest, extant wooden building in Europe.[119][120]
Roykstovan in Kirkjubø Faroe Islands No clear date, middle of 11th century AD Farmhouse May be the oldest continuously inhabited wooden building in the world[121]
Mundeshwari Temple Bihar, India conflicting accounts; between 105-320 AD Hindu Temple May be the oldest surviving (non rebuilt) Hindu temple in the world[122][123]
Other structures[edit]
The following are very old human constructions that do not fit the above criteria for a building, typically because they are ruins that no longer fit the height requirement specified above or for which the only significant above-ground elements are single large stones.
Building
Image
Location
First Built
Use
Notes
Theopetra cave Greece 21000 BC Stone wall The oldest known human-made structure.
The structure is a stone wall that blocked two-thirds of the entrance to the Theopetra cave near Kalambaka on the north edge of the Thessalian plain. It was constructed 23,000 years ago, probably as a barrier to cold winds.[124][125]
Göbekli Tepe Turkey 9500–8400 BC Ceremonial The oldest known human-made religious structure.[113][114]
Zealots of Jericho Palestinian territories 8000 BC Defensive/agricultural See also Wall of Jericho.[126]
Çatalhöyük Turkey 7400–6200 BC Village ruins [127]
Khirokitia Cyprus 5800–3000 BC Houses Site has reconstructions of round houses.[128]
Les Fouaillages Guernsey 4500 BC[129] Tomb Burial mound and associated building, in use from 4500-4000 and 3000-2000 BC. Findings include pottery sherds, stone tools, jewelry, flint, and arrowheads. Originally covered by a turf mound 35m long.[130]
Tumulus de Dissignac France 4500–4000 BC[131] Tumulus Two Dolmenic chambers are covered by 15 metre diameter tumulus with corridors 11 metres in length. Substantially rebuilt.[132]
Table des Marchand France 4000 BC Dolmen A modern cairn has been rebuilt over the capstone and supporting pillars.[133]
Temple of Ba`alat Gebal Lebanon c. 2700 BC Temple Located in the Phoenician city of Byblos, the nearby Temple of the Obelisks dates to c.1900-1600 BCE.[134][135]
Pyramid of Sekhemkhet aka the Buried Pyramid Egypt c. 2630 BC Burial An unfinished Third Dynasty structure largely hidden under sand. Only the lowest step of the pyramid was constructed at the time of his death.[136]
Great Sphinx of Giza Egypt 2558–2532 BC Statue The largest monolith statue in the world, possibly completed during the reign of Khafra, although the subject is controversial.[137][138]
King David's Palace (Large Stone Structure) Israel 1000 BC Palace Most Likely the ruins of King David's palace.[139]
See also[edit]
Lists
Oldest buildings in the United Kingdom
List of the oldest buildings in the United States
Oldest buildings in Scotland
List of oldest church buildings
List of the oldest mosques in the world
Sites
Los Millares, a Chalcolithic site in Almería, Spain including both ruins and reconstructions
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Megaliths in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern". University of Toronto. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Heart of Neolithic Orkney". UNESCO. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Chris Scarre, Roy Switsur, Jean-Pierre Mohen (1993) "New radiocarbon dates from Bougon and the chronology of French passage-graves". Antiquity/The Free Library. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gibson, Marion; Trower, Shelley; Tregidga, Garry (2013) Mysticism, Myth and Celtic Identity. Routledge. Abingdon. p. 133
Jump up ^ "The Saint-Michel Tumulus". Culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Saint-Michel tumulus". Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
Jump up ^ http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf38/38_16.pdf
Jump up ^ Delfino, Carlo (ed) (2000) "The Prehistoric Altar of Monte d'Accoddi" Archived 2012-05-19 at the Wayback Machine.. (pdf) Archaeological Sardinia. 29. Retrieved 14 October 2013. p. 45.
^ Jump up to: a b Blake, Emma; Arthur Bernard Knapp (2004). The archaeology of Mediterranean prehistory. Wiley Blackwell. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-631-23268-1. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Knap of Howar" Historic Scotland. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Knap o' Howar, Papay". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) Orkney: A Historical Guide. Edinburgh. Birlinn. p. 40.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Megalithic Temples of Malta". UNESCO. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Mcintosh, Jane (2009) Handbook of Life in Prehistoric Europe. Oxford University Press. pp. 261-62Retrieved 12 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "West Kennet Long Barrow, Avebury" English Heritage. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Alastair Whittle, Frances Healy & Alex Bayliss. Gathering time: dating the Early Neolithic enclosures of southern Britain and Ireland. 2 volumes. 2011. Oxford: Oxbow; 978-1-84217-425-8
^ Jump up to: a b c McDonnell, Patrick J. (February 26, 2008) "A new find is the Americas' oldest known urban site". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "La Hougue Bie". Wondermondo. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Midhowe Stalled Cairn, Rousay". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Milisauskas, Sarunas (2002) European Prehistory: A Survey. Birkhäuser p. 231
Jump up ^ "Wayland's Smithy". English Heritage. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fraser, David (1980) Investigations in Neolithic Orkney. Glasgow Archaeological Journal. 7 p. 13. ISSN 1471-5767
Jump up ^ "Unstan Chambered Cairn". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) Orkney: A Historical Guide. Edinburgh. Birlinn. p. 48
Jump up ^ "Rousay, Knowe of Yarso". Canmore. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) Orkney: A Historical Guide. Edinburgh. Birlinn. pp. 56-57
Jump up ^ Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) Orkney: A Historical Guide. Edinburgh. Birlinn. p. 50
Jump up ^ Cilia, Daniel (2004-04-08). "Tarxien". The Megalithic temples of Malta. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
^ Jump up to: a b http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1456/
Jump up ^ "Newgrange Stone Age Passage Tomb - Boyne Valley, Ireland". www.newgrange.com. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b O’Kelly, Michael J. 1982. Newgrange: Archaeology, Art and Legend. London: Thames and Hudson. Page 13.
Jump up ^ Clarke, David (2000) Skara Brae; World Heritage Site. Historic Scotland. ISBN 1900168979
Jump up ^ "Tomb of the Eagles" tomboftheeagles.co.uk. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Hedges, J. 1990. Tomb of the Eagles: Death and Life in a Stone Age Tribe. New Amsterdam Books. ISBN 0-941533-05-0 p. 73
Jump up ^ http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/franceloire.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6333738
Jump up ^ http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/13725/grand_dolmen_de_bagneux.html
Jump up ^ "Grey Cairns of Camster". Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grey Cairns of Camster". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Danish National Museum. Retrieved 12 July 2012
Jump up ^ Gron, Ole "The World's Oldest Root-canal Work". Kulturarv.dk. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hulbjerg Jættestue". The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ http://lah.ru/fotoarh/megalit/rus/kavkaz.htm
Jump up ^ Markovin, V.I. "western Caucasian Dolmens". (pdf) Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia. 41, no. 4 (Spring 2002), pp. 68–88
Jump up ^ "The Taversoe Tuick, Rousay" Orkneyjar. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Info Board, Holm of Papa Westray Cairn" Wikimedia Commons/Historic Scotland. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) Orkney: A Historical Guide. Edinburgh. Birlinn pp. 62-63
Jump up ^ "North Uist, Barpa Langass". Canmore. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Armit, Ian (1996) The archaeology of Skye and the Western Isles. Edinburgh University Press/Historic Scotland. p. 71
Jump up ^ "The Cuween Hill Cairn, Firth". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Quoyness Cairn, Sanday". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Childe, V. Gordon; W. Douglas Simpson (1952). Illustrated History of Ancient Monuments: Vol. VI Scotland. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp.18-19
Jump up ^ Ritchie, Graham & Anna (1981). Scotland: Archaeology and Early History. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27365-0. p. 29
Jump up ^ "Shunet El Zebib". Wikipedia. 2017-06-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c Shaw, Ian, ed (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
Jump up ^ "Archaeological Site of Harappa"
Jump up ^ "Archaeological Site of Mohen-Jo-Daro"
Jump up ^ Subramanian, T S (5–18 June 2010). "The rise and fall of a Harappan City". Frontline. 27 (12). Archived from the original on 28 April 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark. Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Oxford University Press. 1998
Jump up ^ "Will Dholavira ruins rewrite history of ancient theatre? by Robin David". Times of India. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Oldest evidence of city life in the Americas reported in Science, early urban planners emerge as power players". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "King Snefru: The First Great Pyramid Builder" Archived 2012-04-01 at the Wayback Machine.. Fathom. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Egyptian researchers claim to have exact date for Great Pyramid". Ria Novosti. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Harbison, Peter. (1970). Guide to the National Monuments of Ireland. Gill & Macmillan.
Jump up ^ "Pyramid of Chefren". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Winston, Alan "The Pyramid Complex of Userkaf at Saqqara". Retrieved 18 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
Jump up ^ Lehner, Mark (1997) The Complete Pyramids London: Thames and Hudson pp. 148-49 ISBN 0-500-05084-8
Jump up ^ Jaromir Malek, "The Old Kingdom (c.2160-2055 BCE)" in Ian Shaw (editor) (2000) The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: University Press. p. 112
Jump up ^ "C14 Radiocarbon dating for Crantit" Canmore. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Crantit" Canmore. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.nuevaacropolismalaga.org/archives/malaga/dolmenes_de_antequera.php
Jump up ^ Salvatore Piccolo, Ancient Stones: the Prehistoric Dolmens in Sicily, Brazen Head Publishing, Thornam/Norfolk (UK) 2013.
Jump up ^ Armit, Ian (1996) The archaeology of Skye and the Western Isles. Edinburgh University Press/Historic Scotland. p. 73
Jump up ^ "Skye, Rubh' An Dunain, 'Viking Canal' ". Canmore. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Cairns of Clava, Scottish Highlands". The Heritage Trail. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Corrimony Chambered Cairn & RSPB Nature Reserve". Glen Affric.org. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Corrimony Chambered Cairn". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Knossos". Interkriti. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bryn Celli Ddu". Ancient Britain Retrieved 18 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Visitors’ Guide to Balnuaran of Clava: A prehistoric cemetery. (2012) Historic Scotland.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Richard (1996) Excavation at Balnuaran of Clava, 1994 and 1995. Highland Council.
Jump up ^ Uney, Graham (2010) Walking on the Orkney and Shetland Isles: 80 Walks in the Northern Isles. Cicerone Press. p. 71
Jump up ^ "Nuraghe Santu Antine e Museo della Valle dei Nuraghi". Museo Valle de Inuraghi. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Su Nuraxi di Barumini". Google World Wonders. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Su Nuraxi di Barumini". UNESCO. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Nuraghe la Prisgiona -Arzachena Costa Smeralda". Beepworld. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b J A Brinkman, Materials and Studies for Kassite History Vol I: A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1976, ISBN 0-918986-00-1
Jump up ^ "Treasury of Atreus" Structurae.de. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chogha Zanbil" The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Naveta des Tudons". MenorcaWeb.com. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dun Aonghasa". Archaeology Travel. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dún Aonghasa". The Discovery Programme. Retrieved 8 August 2012
Jump up ^ Goldhahn, Joakim (2005) Bredarör i Kivik. Department of Archaeology, University of Gothenburg. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Zona Arqueológica Cuicuilco". Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. (Spanish). Retrieved 12 July 2012
Jump up ^ "Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia". UNESCO. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula". UNESCO. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak". UNESCO. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Fojut, Noel (1981)"Is Mousa a broch?" Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 111 pp. 220-228.
Jump up ^ Armit, I. (2003) Towers in the North: The Brochs of Scotland. Stroud. Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1932-3 p. 15.
Jump up ^ http://www.callanishvisitorcentre.co.uk/dounebroch.html
Jump up ^ "Senchin Bajo – Plaza in Peru may be the America's oldest urban site". Gogeometry.com. Retrieved 12 July 2012
Jump up ^ Elder, Bruce (2005). "The Brutal Shore". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Historic Huts in the Antarctic from the 'Heroic Age'." Antarctic-Circle.org. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/367/
Jump up ^ "Kemp House. Kerikeri.co.nz. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Jarrige, J. F. (1979). "Excavations at Mehrgarh-Pakistan". In Johanna Engelberta Lohuizen-De Leeuw. South Asian archaeology 1975: papers from the third International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, held in Paris. Brill. pp. 76–87. ISBN 978-90-04-05996-2. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh". UNESCO. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Goldhahn, Joakim (2005) Bredarör i Kivik. Department of Archaeology, University of Gothenburg.
Jump up ^ Hattusha: the Hittite Capital. UNESCO. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area, UNESCO World Heritage". Retrieved 2016-10-05.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gobekli Tepe, Turkey – Overview". Global Heritage Fund. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The World's First Temple". (Nov/Dec 2008) Archaeology. Volume 61, Number 6.
Jump up ^ Alexander, André (2006) "The Lhasa Jokhang – is the world's oldest timber frame building in Tibet?" Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony. University of Napoli. ISSN 1827-8868
Jump up ^ Jones, Nigel (2005). Architecture of England, Scotland, and Wales. England: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 92. ISBN 0-313-31850-6. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.avignon-et-provence.com/provence-tourism/nimes/maison-carree-nimes.htm
Jump up ^ Pantheon", Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, revised December 2008
Jump up ^ Historic England. "Details from image database (117767)". Images of England. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Early church date". British Archaeology (December 1995) No 10.
Jump up ^ Jákupsson, Bárður (1989). "Múrurin og onnur fornminnið í Kirkjubø" (PDF). Søvn Landsins. Føroya Fornminnisavn. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
Jump up ^ http://oborge.com/oldest-hindu-temple-world/
Jump up ^ http://www.navhindtimes.in/iwatch/oldest-temple-india
Jump up ^ http://news.discovery.com/history/oldest-man-made-structure-found-in-greek-cave.html
Jump up ^ http://www.showcaves.com/english/gr/caves/Theopetra.html
Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Arieh (14 February 2011) "World’s first skyscraper sought to intimidate masses". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
Jump up ^ "Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Mitsis, F.J.; Taramidis, G.(1995) "Alveolar bone loss on neolithic man remains on 38 skulls of Khirokitia's (Cyprus) inhabitants". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Archaeological Sites of Guernsey". Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Les Fouaillages site information sign". Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Tumulus of Dissignac | Saint Nazaire | Loire-atlantique". Guide2 Pays de la Loire. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6333666
Jump up ^ "Dolmen dit Table-des-Marchands". Culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Temple of Baalat Gebal, the Lady of Byblos'." Hethert.org. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Byblos". UNESCO. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Jaromir Malek (2002) 'The Old Kingdom' in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt by Ian Shaw (ed.) Oxford University Press. p. 92
Jump up ^ Dunford, Jane; Fletcher, Joann; French, Carole (ed., 2007). Egypt: Eyewitness Travel Guide Archived 2009-02-18 at the Wayback Machine.. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7566-2875-8.
Jump up ^ "Great Sphinx of Giza". Emporis. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Erlanger, Steven (24 August 2005) "King David's palace found? Scholars differ". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
[hide]
v
t
e
Prehistoric technology
Prehistory
timeline
outline
Stone Age
subdivisions
New Stone Age
Technology
history
[show]
Tools
Farming
Neolithic Revolution
founder crops
New World crops
Ard / plough
Celt
Digging stick
Domestication
Goad
Irrigation
Secondary products
Sickle
Terracing
Food processing
Fire
Basket
Cooking
Earth oven
Granaries
Grinding slab
Ground stone
Hearth
Aşıklı Höyük
Qesem Cave
Manos
Metate
Mortar and pestle
Pottery
Quern-stone
Storage pit
Hunting
Arrow
Boomerang
throwing stick
Bow and arrow
history
Nets
Spear
Spear-thrower
baton
harpoon
woomera
Schöningen Spears
Projectile points
Arrowhead
Bare Island
Cascade
Clovis
Cresswell
Cumberland
Eden
Folsom
Lamoka
Manis Site
Plano
Transverse arrowhead
Systems
Game drive system
Buffalo jump
Toolmaking
Earliest toolmaking
Oldowan
Acheulean
Mousterian
Clovis culture
Cupstone
Fire hardening
Gravettian culture
Hafting
Hand axe
Grooves
Langdale axe industry
Levallois technique
Lithic core
Lithic reduction
analysis
debitage
flake
Lithic technology
Magdalenian culture
Metallurgy
Microblade technology
Mining
Prepared-core technique
Solutrean industry
Striking platform
Tool stone
Uniface
Yubetsu technique
Other tools
Adze
Awl
bone
Axe
Bannerstone
Blade
prismatic
Bone tool
Bow drill
Burin
Canoe
Oar
Pesse canoe
Chopper
tool
Cleaver
Denticulate tool
Fire plough
Fire-saw
Hammerstone
Knife
Microlith
Quern-stone
Racloir
Rope
Scraper
side
Stone tool
Tally stick
Weapons
Wheel
illustration
[show]
Architecture
Ceremonial
Göbekli Tepe
Kiva
Standing stones
megalith
row
Stonehenge
Pyramid
Dwellings
Neolithic architecture
British megalith architecture
Nordic megalith architecture
Burdei
Cave
Cliff dwelling
Dugout
Hut
Quiggly hole
Jacal
Longhouse
Mud brick
Mehrgarh
Neolithic long house
Pit-house
Pueblitos
Pueblo
Rock shelter
Blombos Cave
Abri de la Madeleine
Sibudu Cave
Stone roof
Roundhouse
Stilt house
Alp pile dwellings
Wattle and daub
Water management
Check dam
Cistern
Flush toilet
Reservoir
Water well
Other architecture
Archaeological features
Broch
Burnt mound
fulacht fiadh
Causewayed enclosure
Tor enclosure
Circular enclosure
Goseck
Cursus
Henge
Thornborough
Oldest buildings
Megalithic architectural elements
Midden
Timber circle
Timber trackway
Sweet Track
[show]
Arts and culture
Material goods
Baskets
Beadwork
Beds
Chalcolithic
Clothing/textiles
timeline
Cosmetics
Glue
Hides
shoes
Ötzi
Jewelry
amber use
Mirrors
Pottery
Cardium
Grooved ware
Linear
Jōmon
Unstan ware
Sewing needle
Weaving
Wine
Winery
wine press
PrehistArt
Art of the Upper Paleolithic
Art of the Middle Paleolithic
Blombos Cave
List of Stone Age art
Bird stone
Bradshaw rock paintings
Cairn
Carved Stone Balls
Cave paintings
painting
pigment
Cup and ring mark
Geoglyph
Golden hats
Guardian stones
Megalithic art
Petroform
Petroglyph
Petrosomatoglyph
Pictogram
Rock art
Stone carving
Sculpture
Statue menhir
Stone circle
list
British Isles and Brittany
Venus figurines
Burial
Burial mounds
Bowl barrow
Round barrow
Mound Builders culture
U.S. sites
Chamber tomb
Severn-Cotswold
Cist
Dartmoor kistvaens
Clava cairn
Court tomb
Cremation
Dolmen
Great dolmen
Funeral pyre
Gallery grave
transepted
wedge-shaped
Grave goods
Jar burial
Long barrow
unchambered
Grønsalen
Megalithic tomb
Mummy
Passage grave
Rectangular dolmen
Ring cairn
Simple dolmen
Stone box grave
Tor cairn
Tumulus
Unchambered long cairn
Other cultural
Astronomy
sites
lunar calendar
Behavioral modernity
Origin of language
Prehistoric medicine
trepanning
Evolutionary musicology
music archaeology
Prehistoric music
Alligator drum
flutes
Divje Babe flute
gudi
Prehistoric numerals
Origin of religion
Paleolithic religion
Prehistoric religion
Spiritual drug use
Prehistoric warfare
Symbols
symbolism
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_buildings&oldid=818035039"
Categories:
Historic preservation
Lists of oldest buildings and structures
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Português
தமிழ்
Türkçe
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 January 2018, at 03:31.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: li

value: ul

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Tumulus_Saint-Michel
mw-redirect
Tumulus Saint-Michel

values: Pentre Ifan burial chamber - geograph.org.uk - 384085.jpg

values: La Hougue Bie entrance and chapel, Jersey.jpg

values: Midhowe Cairn interior - geograph.org.uk - 33776.jpg

values: Unstan chambered cairn entrance by Bruce McAdam.jpg

values: Knowe of Yarso Chambered Cairn 20110525.jpg

values: Chambered Cairn and Farm House - geograph.org.uk - 1075905.jpg

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: ورودی قلعه رستم.JPG

values:
/wiki/White-tailed_sea_eagle
mw-redirect
White-tailed sea eagle

values: The Grey Cairns of Camster - geograph.org.uk - 675.jpg

values: Hulbjerg Jættestue (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Maikop_culture
mw-redirect
Maikop culture

values: Taversoe Tuick - geograph.org.uk - 1448330.jpg

values: Inside the chambered cairn on the Holm of Papa Westray - geograph.org.uk - 1364571.jpg

values: Entrance to Barpa Langass Chambered Cairn - geograph.org.uk - 1523313.jpg

values: Cuween Hill, front external view, 2012 March.jpg

values: Quoyness Chambered Cairn - geograph.org.uk - 86230.jpg

values:
/wiki/Fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt
mw-redirect
Fourth dynasty of Egypt

values:
/wiki/Giza_Necropolis
mw-redirect
Giza Necropolis

values:
/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferirkare_Kakai
mw-redirect
Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai

values:
/wiki/Pyramid_of_Djedkare-Isesi
mw-redirect
Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi

values: Pyramid of Djedkare, Saqqara, 1990ies.png

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Pyramid of Merenre, Saqqara, 1990ies.jpg

values: Ancient ziggurat at Ali Air Base Iraq 2005.jpg

values: Dolmen of Cava dei Servi (page does not exist)

values: The Cava dei Servi dolmen (Ragusa-Sicily).jpg

values: Chambered Cairn at Rubh' an Dunain - geograph.org.uk - 180698.jpg

values: Corrimony chambered cairn (page does not exist)

values: Corrimony Chambered Cairn - 3 - 29042008.JPG

values: Clava Cairns - geograph.org.uk - 476673.jpg

values: Vinquoy chambered tomb - geograph.org.uk - 190143.jpg

values:
/wiki/Su_Nuraxi_di_Barumini
mw-redirect
Su Nuraxi di Barumini

values:
/wiki/Nuraghe_La_Prisciona
mw-redirect
Nuraghe La Prisciona

values:
/wiki/Tamil_Nadu,_India
mw-redirect
Tamil Nadu, India

values: The thracian tomb in Kazanlak from outside.jpg

values: Sanchi Stupa from Eastern gate, Madhya Pradesh.jpg

values: Colosseum in Rome, Italy - April 2007.jpg

values: ورودی قلعه رستم.JPG

values: The Fort - West Wallabi Island - Colour.JPG

values:
/wiki/Weibbe_Hayes_Stone_Fort
mw-redirect
Weibbe Hayes Stone Fort

values: Ongeluckige voyagie vant schip Batavia (Plate 3).jpg

values: L'Anse aux Meadows, entrance to long house.jpg

values:
/wiki/Hittite_Empire
mw-redirect
Hittite Empire

values:
/wiki/Ancient_Pueblo_Peoples
mw-redirect
Ancient Pueblo Peoples

values:
/wiki/Nanchan_Temple_(Wutai)
mw-redirect
Nanchan Temple (Wutai)

values: Rudolf von Alt - Das Pantheon und die Piazza della Rotonda in Rom - 1835.jpeg

values: Zealots of Jericho (page does not exist)

values: Tumulus de Dissignac (page does not exist)

values: PSM V67 D641 Table des marchands lockmariaquer brittany.png

values:
/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebal
mw-redirect
Ba`alat Gebal

values: King David's Palace (Large Stone Structure) (page does not exist)

values: List of the oldest buildings in the United States

values:
/wiki/Oldest_buildings_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
Oldest buildings in Scotland

values:
nofollow
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/514/
external text

values:
/wiki/Birlinn_Limited
mw-redirect
Birlinn Limited

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/132

values:
nofollow
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1456/
external free

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.newgrange.com

values:
nofollow
http://www.tomboftheeagles.co.uk/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.natmus.dk/sw45608.asp

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.orkneyjar.com/tombs/tav

values:
/wiki/Gill_%26_Macmillan
mw-redirect
Gill & Macmillan

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nuraghesantuantine.it

values:
nofollow
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/833/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1158

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/842

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/44

values:
nofollow
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/367/
external free

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/377

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/660

values:
nofollow
external text
http://savn.fo/documents/00256.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1405

values:
nofollow
external text
http://museums.gov.gg/archsites

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.hethert.org/byblos.htm

values:
nofollow
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/295/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Use of animals during the Gravettian period

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps

values: Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe

values: Timeline of clothing and textiles technology

values: Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany

values: List of burial mounds in the United States

values:
/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave
mw-redirect
Transepted gallery grave

values:
/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave
mw-redirect
Wedge-shaped gallery grave

values:
/wiki/Megalithic_tomb
mw-redirect
Megalithic tomb

values: List of archaeoastronomical sites by country

values: Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible expanded navbox-inner

values: Category:Lists of oldest buildings and structures

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: قائمة أقدم البنايات في العالم – Arabic

values: Lista das mais antigas construções do mundo – Portuguese

values: உலகில் உள்ள மிகப்பழமையான கட்டடங்களின் பட்டியல் – Tamil

values: Dünyanın en eski yapıları listesi – Turkish

values: Найстаріші споруди планети – Ukrainian

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_oldest_buildings rootpage-List_of_oldest_buildings skin-vector action-view


text:
Sons of Anarchy (season 5)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Sons of Anarchy (season 5)
Season 5 DVD cover
Starring
Charlie Hunnam
Katey Sagal
Mark Boone Junior
Dayton Callie
Kim Coates
Tommy Flanagan
Ryan Hurst
Theo Rossi
Maggie Siff
Ron Perlman
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
13
Release
Original network
FX
Original release
September 11 (2012-09-11) – December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 4
Next →
Season 6
List of Sons of Anarchy episodes
The fifth season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson "Jax" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), first shown as vice president then as president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself.
Season Five premiered on September 11, 2012 on cable network FX.[1] The premiere ("Sovereign"), directed by series executive producer and principal director Paris Barclay and written by series creator and executive producer Kurt Sutter, was one of the highest-rated telecasts in FX's history.[2]
Contents
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main cast
1.2 Special guest cast
1.3 Recurring cast
1.4 Guest stars
2 Production
3 Episodes
4 Reception
5 Home media release
6 References
7 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Sons of Anarchy characters
Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.
Main cast[edit]
Charlie Hunnam as Jackson "Jax" Teller (13 episodes)
Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow (13 episodes)
Mark Boone Junior as Robert "Bobby Elvis" Munson (13 episodes)
Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser (9 episodes)
Kim Coates as Alex "Tig" Trager (13 episodes)
Tommy Flanagan as Filip "Chibs" Telford (13 episodes)
Ryan Hurst as Harry "Opie" Winston (4 episodes)
Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos "Juice" Ortiz (13 episodes)
Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles-Teller (13 episodes)
Ron Perlman as Clarence "Clay" Morrow (13 episodes)
Special guest cast[edit]
Jimmy Smits as Nero Padilla (12 episodes)
Rockmond Dunbar as Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt (8 episodes)
Harold Perrineau as Damon Pope (8 episodes)
Benito Martinez as Luis Torres (7 episodes)
Danny Trejo as Romero "Romeo" Parada (6 episodes)
Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case (4 episodes)
Donal Logue as Lee Toric (3 episodes)
Walton Goggins as Venus Van Dam ("Orca Shrugged")
Sonny Barger as Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz ("Crucifixed")
Recurring cast[edit]
David LaBrava as Happy Lowman (13 episodes)
Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip "Filthy Phil" Russell (12 episodes)
Chuck Zito as Frankie Diamonds (8 episodes)
Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein (8 episodes)
Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston (7 episodes)
Chris Browning as GoGo (6 episodes)
Kurt Yaeger as Greg "The Peg" (6 episodes)
Wanda De Jesus as Carla (5 episodes)
Niko Nicotera as George "Rat Boy" Skogstorm (5 episodes)
Billy Brown as August Marks (5 episodes)
Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco (5 episodes)
McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy (5 episodes)
Kurt Sutter as "Big" Otto Delaney (4 uncredited)
Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen (4 episodes)
Walter Wong as Chris "V-Lin" Von Lin (3 episodes)
Merle Dandridge as Rita Roosevelt (2 episodes)
Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale, Jr. (2 episodes)
Timothy V. Murphy as Galen O'Shay (2 episodes)
Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin (2 episodes)
Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez (2 episodes)
Kristen Renton as Ima ("Authority Vested")
Michael Beach as T.O. Cross ("Crucifixed")
Guest stars[edit]
Rachel Miner as Dawn Trager (2 episodes)
Ashley Tisdale as Emma Jean (2 episodes)
Joel McHale as Warren (2 episodes)
Dave Navarro as Arcadio Nerona (2 episodes)
Mo McRae as Tyler Yost (2 episodes + 1 as co-star)
Marshall Allman as Devin Price ("Orca Shrugged")
Olivia Burnette as Homeless Woman ("J'ai Obtenu Cette")
Production[edit]
Although Sons of Anarchy is set in Northern California's Central Valley, it is filmed primarily at Occidental Studios Stage 5A in North Hollywood. Main sets located there include the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital, and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff also double as the Charming police station. External scenes are often filmed nearby in Sun Valley and Tujunga.[3]
On his Sons of Anarchy YouTube channel Sutterinksoa, Kurt Sutter has stated that he began writing scripts for season 5, episodes one and two as early as March 1, 2012. It was also announced that Chuck Zito would be joining the Sons cast as a Nomad traveling through Charming.[4] Another announced cast addition for season five is Jimmy Smits. Smits, known for his work in L.A. Law, NYPD Blue, The West Wing and Dexter, will play an escort service owner and former Latino gang member who becomes a mentor to Jax.[5] Harold Perrineau joined the cast in May as the villain Damon Pope.[6]
With Dave Erickson's departure, Kurt Sutter remains the only writer to have been writing the series since the first season.[citation needed]
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Sons of Anarchy episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
54
1 "Sovereign" Paris Barclay Kurt Sutter September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11) 5WAB01 5.37[7]
Jax's sovereignty has a shaky start after the Niners attack one of SAMCRO's gun shipments. Gemma makes a new ally during a night of drinking. An irritated Tara has trouble ascending to her role as queen and mother. Clay attempts to get back into the club's good graces by revealing part of the truth about Piney's death. Damon Pope and his crew exact appalling revenge on Tig. Opie rebuffs Jax's offer to sit at the table. A series of home invasions rocks Charming, particularly an unsuspecting Unser.
55
2 "Authority Vested" Peter Weller Regina Corrado September 18, 2012 (2012-09-18) 5WAB02 4.17[8]
Jax and Chibs hide out at Nero's brothel, while planning their next move. Tig and the club scour Oakland for Fawn. Clay makes a move that surprises Bobby and Opie. In the midst of chaos, Jax and Tara have a quick wedding ceremony. Nero begins to develop an alliance with Jax and a relationship with Gemma.
56
3 "Laying Pipe" Adam Arkin Kem Nunn & Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter September 25, 2012 (2012-09-25) 5WAB03 3.80[9]
As Jax, Chibs, Tig, and Opie struggle to stay alive during their jail time in County, Bobby learns from Luis that the cartel is looking to secure a backup plan. Gemma turns to an unlikely source as Tara continues to maneuver Thomas and Abel away from her. Meanwhile, Clay uses Nero's escort service to get a rise out of Gemma. Damon Pope gives Jax his terms and conditions, which could effectively change the entire dynamic of SAMCRO.
57
4 "Stolen Huffy" Paris Barclay Chris Collins October 2, 2012 (2012-10-02) 5WAB04 4.60[10]
The police raid of Nero's brothel leaves Nero and Carla without an office space. Meanwhile, Jax and Chibs try to protect the escort the Biz Lats believe is responsible. Wendy tries to come to honest terms with Tara, while Gemma makes a move to get Tara back on her side. Jax sees an opportunity to pull the club in a new direction. Opie's wake is held, with all of SAMCRO in attendance.
58
5 "Orca Shrugged" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Regina Corrado & Kurt Sutter October 9, 2012 (2012-10-09) 5WAB05 4.34[11]
The club votes on getting into the companion business with Nero. Meanwhile, Jax begins to build bridges by getting Jacob Hale's Charming Heights development back on track. The Gallindo/Irish Kings meeting finally happens. Gemma confronts her son over her relationship with Nero. Roosevelt's wife is accidentally shot when she is pushed to the floor during a home invasion. A transsexual hooker does a favour for SAMCRO.
59
6 "Small World" Adam Arkin Roberto Patino October 16, 2012 (2012-10-16) 5WAB06 4.03[12]
Damon Pope gives Jax an offer to mule more drugs, bringing the Niners, Lin's Triad, and the Mayans together in an uneasy pact. As Roosevelt waits for the DNA under Rita's fingernails to be identified, he swears revenge on SAMCRO if they are found guilty. Gemma is forced to ask for Clay's help after Carla ends her relationship with Nero in a bloody manner. Jax learns the identity of the County Jail officer who led Opie to his death. Unser comes to a realization about his relationship with Gemma. Tara tries to convince Otto to reverse his testimony against the club. Clay endures another setback.
60
7 "Toad's Wild Ride" Peter Weller Kurt Sutter & Chris Collins October 23, 2012 (2012-10-23) 5WAB07 4.30[13]
As Jax and the club begin to connect the dots on the series of home invasions, the Nomads scramble to get out of Charming before they are found out. Meanwhile, Jax is forced to clean up one of his mother's messes. Clay uses Juice and Unser to tie up some loose ends. Jax's trust in Pope is further strained when two black gang members attack him and Chibs. Tara gives Gemma one more chance to be in her children's lives, which ends in tragedy when Gemma has a car accident while driving with the children.
61
8 "Ablation" Karen Gaviola Mike Daniels October 30, 2012 (2012-10-30) 5WAB08 4.58[14]
In the aftermath of Gemma's car accident, Clay and Nero have different approaches to helping her out of trouble with Jax and Tara: Clay lies to Jax about the accident, while Nero advises Gemma to tell the truth. The Sons try to find out who was behind the attack on Jax and Chibs. They find Frankie, who confesses Clay was behind it, but he escapes at gunpoint with Nero's money. Nero gets Jax's permission to get back together with Gemma. Clay pressures Juice, who finally fills him in on all the secrets he's been hiding from the club. In return, Clay tells him about his involvement with the Nomad's attacks. Jax discovers Gemma was under the influence of pot while driving, and Tara banishes her after striking her. Meanwhile, Roosevelt promises to tell Jax the name of the rat who has been informing on them for the RICO case, in exchange for Frankie Diamonds. Jax devises a plan to trap Clay, which includes manipulating Gemma, who's Clay's weakness, and Jax tells Gemma if she wants back in the family's good graces, she has to get close to Clay and learn his dirty secrets.
62
9 "Andare Pescare" Billy Gierhart Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06) 5WAB09 3.96[15]
Jax and the club go on the hunt for Frankie Diamonds, while Clay and Juice follow up on their own lead in a race to get to him first. Clay and Juice discover Frankie has sought the protection of his old Mafia allies. The club votes on Frankie's expulsion and execution, but Jax tells Bobby they can't kill Frankie and explains the deal with Roosevelt. During the trip to find Frankie, Clay manipulates Juice into going after Frankie on their own. Nero takes Gemma to meet his disabled son. Clay and Juice find Frankie first, but Jax arrives before Clay can kill him. However, the Mafia kills Frankie when they see he killed the Mafioso assigned to guard him. Gemma and Nero share a tender moment as he buries his half-sister Carla. Tara gets more than she bargained for when she makes a second attempt to get Otto to recant his RICO statement. After obtaining Tara's reassurances about Jax's offer, Gemma takes the first step toward getting close to Clay. Jax shows Roosevelt Frankie's corpse, and in exchange he gets confirmation about the Son who talked to the police. The episode ends with Jax following Juice.
63
10 "Crucifixed" Guy Ferland Kem Nunn November 13, 2012 (2012-11-13) 5WAB10 4.58[16]
After confronting Juice about his betrayal of the club, Jax offers him a path to redemption. Avenging Opie's death proves difficult when one of the perpetrators turns up under the protection of the Grim Bastards, leading to a disagreement between Jax and Bobby. As Gemma attempts to get closer to Clay, Tara performs one last favour for Otto—with bloody results.
64
11 "To Thine Own Self" Paris Barclay Mike Daniels & John Barcheski & Kurt Sutter November 20, 2012 (2012-11-20) 5WAB11 4.23[17]
Jax scrambles to put his affairs in order, while Nero handles business with his old crew.
65
12 "Darthy" Peter Weller Chris Collins & Kurt Sutter November 27, 2012 (2012-11-27) 5WAB12 4.25[18]
Jax makes arrangements to take the club in a different direction. The Irish kidnap Wendy, and Nero gives Jax the $450,000 required to get her back. Jax shoots up Wendy with a speedball, in an attempt to stop her from pursuing custody of Abel.
66
13 "J'ai Obtenu Cette" Kurt Sutter Kurt Sutter & Chris Collins December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04) 5WAB13 4.66[19]
Clay and Juice are packing Clay's house, preparatory to Clay's move to Ireland. Jax strikes a new deal while ridding himself of old problems. Jax and Tig kill Pope and frame Clay for the murder with the help of Juice and Gemma. After killing Pope, Jax keeps his dealings going with Pope's second in command, August Marks. Bobby figures out what Jax has done and confronts him, then later on leaves his V.P. patch on the table. Tara is arrested for conspiracy to commit murder. Gemma arrives at Jax's house to console Jax.
Reception[edit]
Season five received favourable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic.[20] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the series by calling it a "richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy".[citation needed]
Home media release[edit]
The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 27, 2013.[21]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Comic-Con 2012: 'Sons of Anarchy' Panel Announces Premiere Date, Talks Prequel". Hollywoodreporter.com. 2012-07-15. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 12, 2012). "'Sons Of Anarchy' Season 5 Premiere Hits Series High, To Become FX's No. 1 Telecast". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Filming Locations". Internet Movie Database.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca (March 8, 2012). "'Sons of Anarchy' Creator Kurt Sutter Talks Season 5, Says Chuck Zito Will Appear on FX Drama". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
Jump up ^ Neuenschwander, Andy (8 April 2012). "Sons of Anarchy Season 5 casts Dexter alum Jimmy Smits". Retrieved 17 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Blake Dew (2012-05-19). "Harold Perrineau o Join ''Sons lf Anarchy''". Wegotthiscovered.com. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (September 12, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Rides to First Place & Series High, + 'Teen Mom', 'White Collar', 'Hardcore Pawn', 'Time Machine', 'Covert Affairs' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (September 19, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, 'Counting Cars', 'White Collar', 'Covert Affairs', 'Face Off', 'Dance Moms' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (September 26, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Rides to Victory + 'Tosh.0', 'Counting Cars', 'Brickleberry', 'Daily Show' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 3, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings:'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, 'Tosh.0', 'Brickleberry', 'Face Off', 'Shipping Wars', 'Teen Mom Farewell' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (October 10, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night + 'BET Hip Hop Awards', 'Keyshia & Daniel', MLB, 'Tosh.0', 'The Soul Man' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 17, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' & Presidential Debate Win Night, Baseball,'Tosh.0', 'Face Off', 'Covert Affairs' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (October 24, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, + 'Tosh.0', 'The Daily Show', 'Pretty Little Liars', 'Ink Master' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 31, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' & Basketball Win Night, 'Tosh.0', 'Face Off', 'Ink Master', 'Covert Affairs' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (November 7, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: CNN Election Coverage Dominates Night + 'Sons of Anarchy', 'The Daily Show', 'The Colbert Report' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 14, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, 'Tosh.0', 'Hardcore Pawn', 'Tattoo Nightmares', 'Covert Affairs', 'Doomsday Preppers' & More & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 21, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarachy' Rides Highest Again + 'Tosh.0,' 'Covert Affairs' Finale and 'Ink Master'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 28, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, 'Tosh.0', 'Hardcore Pawn', 'Ink Master', 'Brickleberry' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (December 5, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, + 'Storage Wars', 'Tosh.0', 'Ink Masters', '25 Days of Christmas', 'Rizzoli & Isles' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy (Season 5)". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (May 31, 2013). "Sons of Anarchy - Date and Cost Confirmed for Season 5 DVDs, Blu-rays; Extras Revealed". TV Shows on DVD. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
External links[edit]
Sons of Anarchy at FXNetworks.com
Sons of Anarchy on IMDb
Sons of Anarchy at TV.com
hide
v
t
e
Sons of Anarchy
Created by: Kurt Sutter
Episodes
"Pilot"
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Characters
Clay Morrow
Jax Teller
Gemma Teller Morrow
Tara Knowles
Opie Winston
Bobby Munson
Tig Trager
Chibs Telford
Piney Winston
Juice Ortiz
Half-Sack Epps
Happy
Wayne Unser
David Hale
June Stahl
Josh Kohn
Ernest Darby
Marcus Álvarez
Ethan Zobelle
Universe
Sons of Anarchy MC
Charming, CA
List of gangs
Mayans MC
Music
"This Life"
Songs of Anarchy
Songs of Anarchy Volume 2
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sons_of_Anarchy_(season_5)&oldid=848622871"
Categories:
Sons of Anarchy
2012 American television seasons
Hidden categories:
Infobox television season articles that use the season name parameter
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014
TV.com template with ID not in Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
Italiano
Edit links
This page was last edited on 3 July 2018, at 04:48 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #960001; color: white; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: scope style

values:
row
white-space: nowrap

attrs: href title

values: text-align:center;background: #960001; color: white; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
/wiki/Television_drama
mw-redirect
Television drama

values:
/wiki/Charming,_California
mw-redirect
Charming, California

values:
/wiki/California_Central_Valley
mw-redirect
California Central Valley

values:
/wiki/Cable_network
mw-redirect
Cable network

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Opie_Winston
mw-redirect
Opie Winston

values:
/wiki/David_LaBrava
mw-redirect
David LaBrava

values: width: 50%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top;

values:
/wiki/Marcus_Alvarez
mw-redirect
Marcus Alvarez

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values:
/wiki/North_Hollywood
mw-redirect
North Hollywood

values:
/wiki/Escort_service
mw-redirect
Escort service

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
description
8
border-bottom:solid 3px #960001

values:
/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database
mw-redirect
Internet Movie Database

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1124373/
external text

values:
/wiki/Sons_of_Anarchy_Motorcycle_Club
mw-redirect
Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club

values:
/wiki/List_of_gangs
mw-redirect
List of gangs

values: Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4

values: Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:2012 American television seasons

values: Category:Infobox television season articles that use the season name parameter

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014

values: Category:TV.com template with ID not in Wikidata

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Sons_of_Anarchy_(season_5)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Episodi di Sons of Anarchy (quinta stagione) – Italian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sons_of_Anarchy_season_5 rootpage-Sons_of_Anarchy_season_5 skin-vector action-view


text:
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
Acronyms (colloquial)
IRCA
Nicknames
Simpson–Mazzoli Act
Enacted by
the 99th United States Congress
Effective
Signed into law by Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986
Citations
Public law
Pub.L. 99–603
Statutes at Large
100 Stat. 3359
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 1200 by Alan K. Simpson on May 23, 1985
Committee consideration by Senate Judiciary, Senate Budget
Passed the Senate on September 19, 1985 (69–30)
Passed the House on October 9, 1986 (voice vote after incorporating H.R. 3810, passed 230–166)
Reported by the joint conference committee on October 14, 1986; agreed to by the House on October 15, 1986 (238–173) and by the Senate on October 17, 1986 (63–24)
Signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), Pub.L. 99–603, 100 Stat. 3445, enacted November 6, 1986, also known as the Simpson–Mazzoli Act or the Reagan Amnesty,[1] signed into law by Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986, is an Act of Congress which reformed United States immigration law. The Act[2]
required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status;
made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly;
legalized certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants, and;
legalized illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided there continuously with the penalty of a fine, back taxes due, and admission of guilt; candidates were required to prove that they were not guilty of crimes, that they were in the country before January 1, 1982, and that they possessed at least a minimal knowledge about U.S. history, government, and the English language.
At the time, the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimated that about four million illegal immigrants would apply for legal status through the act and that roughly half of them would be eligible.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Legislative background and description
2 Impact
2.1 On labor market
2.2 On illegal immigration
2.3 On crime
3 Structure of the Act and relationship to United States Code
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Legislative background and description[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Romano L. Mazzoli was a Democratic representative from Kentucky and Alan K. Simpson was a Republican senator from Wyoming who chaired their respective immigration subcommittees in Congress. Their effort was assisted by the recommendations of the bipartisan Commission on Immigration Reform, chaired by Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, then President of the University of Notre Dame.
The law criminalized the act of engaging in a "pattern or practice" of knowingly hiring an "unauthorized alien"[4] and established financial and other penalties for those employing illegal immigrants under the theory that low prospects for employment would reduce undocumented immigration. Regulations promulgated under the Act introduced the I-9 form to ensure that all employees presented documentary proof of their legal eligibility to accept employment in the United States.[5]
These sanctions would apply only to employers that had more than three employees and did not make a sufficient effort to determine the legal status of their workers.
The first Simpson–Mazzoli Bill was reported out of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees. The bill failed to be received by the House, but civil rights advocates were concerned over the potential for abuse and discrimination against Hispanics, growers' groups rallied for additional provisions for foreign labor, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce persistently opposed sanctions against employers.
The second Simpson–Mazzoli Bill finally passed both chambers in 1985, but it came apart in the conference committee over the issue of cost. The year marked an important turning point for the reform effort. Employer opposition to employer sanctions began to subside, partly because of the "affirmative defense" clause in the law that explicitly released employers from any obligation to check the authenticity of workers' documents.
Also, agricultural employers shifted their focus from opposition to employer sanctions to a concerted campaign to secure alternative sources of foreign labor. As opposition to employer sanctions waned and growers' lobbying efforts for extensive temporary worker programs intensified, agricultural worker programs began to outrank employer sanctions component as the most controversial element of reform.
Impact[edit]
On labor market[edit]
According to one study, the IRCA caused some employers to discriminate against workers who appeared foreign, resulting in a small reduction in overall Hispanic employment. There is no statistical evidence that a reduction in employment correlated to unemployment in the economy as a whole or was separate from the general unemployment population statistics.[6] Another study stated that if hired, wages were being lowered to compensate employers for the perceived risk of hiring foreigners.[7]
The hiring process also changed as employers turned to indirect hiring through subcontractors. "Under a subcontracting agreement, a U.S. citizen or resident alien contractually agrees with an employer to provide a specific number of workers for a certain period of time to undertake a defined task at a fixed rate of pay per worker".[7] "By using a subcontractor the firm is not held liable since the workers are not employees. The use of a subcontractor decreases a worker's wages since a portion is kept by the subcontractor. This indirect hiring is imposed on everyone regardless of legality".[7]
On illegal immigration[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2014)
There have been various law changes over the years that encouraged immigrants to enter or exit the United States. With the railroad, World War II, and agricultural work force demands, many immigrants saw the opportunity to come to the United States temporarily for money or a better life. An increase in legal immigrants migrating to the United States also led to an increase of illegal aliens, especially from Mexico. Most of these immigrants searched for and gained jobs where hard labor was needed. As the immigration population increased American citizens started to worry about their impact on the economy.
The reform did not have a lot of impact on decreasing the immigrant population, "Until 2012, there was virtually no movement in Congress to deal with the problem of the 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States since the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which granted amnesty to many of the 3.2 million illegal immigrants living in the United States."[8]
"In 1983, the Supreme Court forbade schools and hospitals to deny services based on undocumented immigration status." [9]
On crime[edit]
One study finds that the legalization of three million immigrants reduced crime by 3-5%, primarily property crime.[10] The author finds that this is due to greater job market opportunities for the immigrants.[10]
Structure of the Act and relationship to United States Code[edit]
Following the Short title, the IRCA is divided into seven Titles (I through VII). Title I is divided into parts A, B, and C, and Title III is divided into parts A and B. The IRCA affects 8 USC 1101. Additional portions of the U.S. Code created or amended by the IRCA include, but are not necessarily limited to:
Parts A and B of Title I: 8 USC 1324, 8 USC 1324a, 8 USC 1324b, 18 USC 1546, 8 USC 1321, 8 USC 1357, 8 USC 1255.
Part C of Title I: 42 USC 1320b-7
Title II: 8 USC 1255a
Title III: 8 USC 1186, 8 USC 1152, 8 USC 1187
See also[edit]
Immigration
Immigration to the United States
Illegal Immigration to the United States
DREAM Act
Foreign Worker Visa
Alan Simpson
Romano L. Mazzoli
Arnoldo Torres
Labor economics
History of immigration to the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fred Lucas (October 8, 2017). "What Trump Could Learn From the Reagan Immigration Amnesty". The Daily Signal. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Coutin, Susan Bibler. 2007. Nation of Emigrants. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. pg 179
Jump up ^ Branigin, William (March 3, 1987). "U.S. Migrant Law Falls Hard On Jobless in Central Mexico". The Washington Post. p. A1.
Jump up ^ See section 101 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, amending the Immigration and Nationality Act to create a new section 274A, codified as 8 U.S.C. section 1324a.
Jump up ^ 8 C.F.R. sec. 274a.2.
Jump up ^ Lowell, Lindsay; Jay Teachman; Zhongren Jing (November 1995). "Unintended Consequences of Immigration Reform: Discrimination and Hispanic Employment". Demography. Population Association of America. 32 (4): 617–628. doi:10.2307/2061678. JSTOR 2061678.
^ Jump up to: a b c Massey, Douglas S. (2007). "Chapter 4: Building a Better Underclass". Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. New York: Russel Sage Foundation. pp. 143–145. ISBN 0-87154-585-3.
Jump up ^ "Immigration Policy". credorefernce.com. Roger Chapman and James Ciment.
Jump up ^ https://search.proquest.com/docview/1720966131
^ Jump up to: a b Baker, Scott R. "Effects of Immigrant Legalization on Crime †". American Economic Review. 105 (5): 210–213. doi:10.1257/aer.p20151041.
External links[edit]
Summary of the Bill from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress
Detailed legislative history of Simpson–Mazzoli from introduction to Presidential signature, also from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress
Statement on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
September 2006 article by Mazzoli and Simpson revisiting the legislation in the current political climate
"Independent Task Force on Immigration and America’s Future"
"Full text of Pub. L 99-603"
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
LCCN: n86085867
VIAF: 185925180
[hide]
v
t
e
Immigration to the United States and related topics
Relevant colonial era,
United States and
international laws
Colonial era
Nationality law in the American Colonies
Plantation Act 1740
18th century
Naturalization Act 1790 / 1795 / 1798
19th century
Naturalization Law 1802
Civil Rights Act of 1866
14th Amendment (1868)
Naturalization Act 1870
Page Act (1875)
Immigration Act of 1882
Chinese Exclusion (1882)
Scott Act (1888)
Immigration Act of 1891
Geary Act (1892)
1900–1949
Naturalization Act 1906
Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
Immigration Act of 1907
Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
Cable Act (1922)
Immigration Act 1924
Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
Nationality Act of 1940
Bracero Program (1942–1964)
Magnuson Act (1943)
War Brides Act (1945)
Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1950–1999
UN Refugee Convention (1951)
Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 / 1965
Refugee Act (1980)
Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
American Homecoming Act (1989)
Immigration Act 1990
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
21st century
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
REAL ID Act (2005)
Secure Fence Act (2006)
DACA (2012)
Executive Order 13769 (2017)
Executive Order 13780 (2017)
Visas and policies
Visa policy
Permanent residence
Visa Waiver Program
Temporary protected status
Asylum
Green Card Lottery
US-VISIT
Security Advisory Opinion
E-Verify
Section 287(g)
National Origins Formula
Government
organizations
Department of Homeland Security
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
U.S. Border Patrol
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
Board of Immigration Appeals
Supreme Court cases
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)
United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923)
United States v. Brignoni-Ponce (1975)
Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting (2011)
Related issues
and events
Economic impact
Eugenics in the United States
Guest worker program
Human trafficking
Human smuggling
Coyotaje
Immigration reform
Immigration reduction
Mexico–United States barrier
Labor shortage
March for America
Illegal immigrant population
Reverse immigration
2006 protests
Unaccompanied minors from Central America
List of people deported from the United States
Geography
Mexico–United States border
Canada–United States border
United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
Proposed legislation
DREAM Act (2001–2010)
H.R. 4437 (2005)
McCain–Kennedy (2005)
SKIL (2006)
Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
STRIVE Act (2007)
Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
SAFE Act (2015)
RAISE Act (2017)
Immigration stations
and points of entry
Angel Island
Castle Garden
East Boston
Ellis Island
Sullivan's Island
Washington Avenue
Operations
"Wetback" (1954)
"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
"Babylift" (1975)
"Gatekeeper" (1994)
"Endgame" (2003–2012)
"Front Line" (2004–2005)
"Streamline" (2005–present)
"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
State legislation
California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
Alabama HB 56 (2011)
Non-governmental
organizations
Arizona Border Recon
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
National Immigration Forum
Center for Community Change
We Are America Alliance
CASA of Maryland
Mexica Movement
Mexicans Without Borders
Federation for American Immigration Reform
Minuteman Project
Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
California Coalition for Immigration Reform
Save Our State
Center for Immigration Studies
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
NumbersUSA
Negative Population Growth
Migration Policy Institute
Utah Compact
Center for Migration Studies of New York
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986&oldid=840890797"
Categories:
1986 in law
Immigration to the United States
Mexican-American history
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
History of the United States (1980–91)
United States statutes that abrogate Supreme Court decisions
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from August 2010
All articles needing additional references
Articles to be expanded from February 2014
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Русский
Simple English
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 May 2018, at 20:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: span

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/pl-99-603

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/stat-100-3359

values:
/wiki/Alan_K._Simpson
mw-redirect
Alan K. Simpson

values: United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary

values: United States Senate Committee on the Budget

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/stat-100-3445

values: Illegal immigration to the United States

values: Edit section: Legislative background and description

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/Romano_L._Mazzoli
mw-redirect
Romano L. Mazzoli

values:
/wiki/Criminal_punishment
mw-redirect
Criminal punishment

values:
/wiki/Illegal_immigrants
mw-redirect
Illegal immigrants

values:
/wiki/U.S._Chamber_of_Commerce
mw-redirect
U.S. Chamber of Commerce

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: Edit section: Structure of the Act and relationship to United States Code

values: Illegal Immigration to the United States

values:
/wiki/Foreign_Worker_Visa
mw-redirect
Foreign Worker Visa

values:
/wiki/Labor_economics
mw-redirect
Labor economics

values: History of immigration to the United States

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F2061678

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2061678

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.p20151041

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/185925180

values: Template:Immigration to the United States

values: Template talk:Immigration to the United States

values: Nationality law in the American Colonies

values: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

values: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996

values:
/wiki/REAL_ID_Act
mw-redirect
REAL ID Act

values: Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g)

values: United States Department of Homeland Security

values: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

values:
/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol
mw-redirect
U.S. Border Patrol

values: Category:United States immigration and naturalization case law

values: Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States

values: Immigration reduction in the United States

values: Illegal immigrant population of the United States

values: Reverse immigration in the United States

values: 2006 United States immigration reform protests

values: List of people deported or removed from the United States

values: Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005

values: Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act

values: Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006

values: Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007

values: Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007

values: Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform

values:
/wiki/CASA_of_Maryland
mw-redirect
CASA of Maryland

values: Federation for American Immigration Reform

values: California Coalition for Immigration Reform

values: Center for Migration Studies of New York

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Immigration to the United States

values: Category:United States federal immigration and nationality legislation

values: Category:History of the United States (1980–91)

values: Category:United States statutes that abrogate Supreme Court decisions

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2010

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from February 2014

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: Закон о реформе и контроле за иммиграцией в США (1986) – Russian

values: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 – Simple English

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986 rootpage-Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986 skin-vector action-view