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2014 FIFA World Cup disciplinary record
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See also: 2014 FIFA World Cup statistics
The following article outlines the disciplinary record for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014. The main disciplinary action taken against players came in the form of red and yellow cards.
Any player sanctioned with a red card was sent off from the pitch and could not be replaced, forcing his team to play a man fewer. Furthermore, the player was automatically banned from his country's next match, whether via a straight red or second yellow. After a straight red card, FIFA conducted a hearing and considered extending this ban beyond one match. If the ban extended beyond the end of the World Cup finals (i.e. if a player was sent off in the match in which his team was eliminated), it had to be served in the team's next competitive international match(es).
Players also received a one match ban if they picked up a single yellow card in two different games from the beginning of the group stage until the end of the quarter-final matches, at which point single yellow cards were negated.[1] However, such a ban did not carry over beyond the World Cup finals if the second yellow card was collected in his team's last match of the tournament.[2] Previously, players received a one match ban if they picked up two yellow cards within the group stage or within the knockout stage. The carried yellow card rule was changed to give players a better chance to compete in the final in case their team advanced that far.
Contents
[hide]
1 Disciplinary statistics
2 Sanctions
2.1 By match
2.2 By referee
2.3 By team
2.4 By individual
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Disciplinary statistics[edit]
Total number of yellow cards: 187
Average yellow cards per match: 2.92
Total number of red cards: 10
Average red cards per match: 0.16
First yellow card of the tournament:
Neymar for Brazil against Croatia
First red card of the tournament:
Maxi Pereira for Uruguay against Costa Rica
Fastest yellow card from kick off: 2 minutes
Thiago Silva for Brazil against Netherlands
Fastest yellow card after coming on as a substitute: 3 minutes
José Miguel Cubero for Costa Rica against Italy (introduced in the 68th minute)
Latest yellow card in a match without extra time: 90+4 minutes
João Moutinho for Portugal against Ghana
Latest yellow card in a match with extra time: 120+4 minutes
Ezequiel Garay for Argentina against Switzerland
Fastest dismissal from kick off: 37 minutes
Pepe for Portugal against Germany
Fastest dismissal of a substitute: 20 minutes
Ante Rebić for Croatia against Mexico (introduced in the 69th minute)
Latest dismissal in a match without extra time: 90+4 minutes
Maxi Pereira for Uruguay against Costa Rica
Shortest time difference between two yellow cards given to the same player: 11 minutes
Kostas Katsouranis for Greece against Japan (booked in the 27th minute and again in the 38th minute)
Most yellow cards (team): 14
Brazil
Most red cards (team): 1
Belgium, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, Greece, Honduras, Italy, Portugal, Uruguay
Fewest yellow cards (team): 2
Portugal
Most yellow cards (player): 3
Thiago Silva
Most red cards (player): 1
Steven Defour, Óscar Duarte, Kostas Katsouranis, Claudio Marchisio, Wilson Palacios, Pepe, Maxi Pereira, Ante Rebić, Alex Song, Antonio Valencia
Most yellow cards (match): 8
Costa Rica vs Greece
Most red cards (match): 1
Uruguay vs Costa Rica, France vs Honduras, Germany vs Portugal, Cameroon vs Croatia, Japan vs Greece, Croatia vs Mexico, Italy vs Uruguay, Ecuador vs France, South Korea vs Belgium, Costa Rica vs Greece
Fewest yellow cards (match): 1
England vs Italy, Iran vs Nigeria, Switzerland vs France, Germany vs Ghana, United States vs Portugal, Honduras vs Switzerland, Ecuador vs France, France vs Nigeria, Brazil vs Germany
Most cards in one match: 1 red card, 8 yellow cards
Costa Rica vs Greece
Sanctions[edit]
By match[edit]
Day
Home
Score
Away
Round
Referee
Total cards
Group stage
Day 01 Brazil 3–1 Croatia Group A Nishimura, Yuichi ! Yuichi Nishimura 4 4 0 0
Day 02 Mexico 1–0 Cameroon Group A Roldan, Wilmar ! Wilmar Roldán 2 2 0 0
Day 02 Spain 1–5 Netherlands Group B Rizzoli, Niccola ! Nicola Rizzoli 4 4 0 0
Day 02 Chile 3–1 Australia Group B Doue, Noumandiez ! Noumandiez Doué 4 4 0 0
Day 03 Colombia 3–0 Greece Group C Geiger, Mark ! Mark Geiger 3 3 0 0
Day 03 Uruguay 1–3 Costa Rica Group D Brych, Felix ! Felix Brych 4 3 0 1
Day 03 England 1–2 Italy Group D Kuipers, Bjorn ! Björn Kuipers 1 1 0 0
Day 03 Ivory Coast 2–1 Japan Group C Osses, Enrique ! Enrique Osses 4 4 0 0
Day 04 Switzerland 2–1 Ecuador Group E Irmatov, Ravshan ! Ravshan Irmatov 2 2 0 0
Day 04 France 3–0 Honduras Group E Ricci, Sandro ! Sandro Ricci 8 7 1 0
Day 04 Argentina 2–1 Bosnia and Herz. Group F Aguilar, Joel ! Joel Aguilar 2 2 0 0
Day 05 Germany 4–0 Portugal Group G Mazic, Milorad ! Milorad Mažić 2 1 0 1
Day 05 Iran 0–0 Nigeria Group F Vera, Carlos ! Carlos Vera 1 1 0 0
Day 05 Ghana 1–2 United States Group G Eriksson, Jonas ! Jonas Eriksson 2 2 0 0
Day 06 Belgium 2–1 Algeria Group H Rodriguez, Marco ! Marco Rodríguez 2 2 0 0
Day 06 Brazil 0–0 Mexico Group A Cakir, Cuneyt ! Cüneyt Çakır 4 4 0 0
Day 06 Russia 1–1 South Korea Group H Pitana, Nestor ! Néstor Pitana 4 4 0 0
Day 07 Australia 2–3 Netherlands Group B Haimoudi, Djamel ! Djamel Haimoudi 2 2 0 0
Day 07 Spain 0–2 Chile Group B Geiger, Mark ! Mark Geiger 3 3 0 0
Day 07 Cameroon 0–4 Croatia Group A Proenca, Pedro ! Pedro Proença 2 1 0 1
Day 08 Colombia 2–1 Ivory Coast Group C Webb, Howard ! Howard Webb 2 2 0 0
Day 08 Uruguay 2–1 England Group D Velasco Carballo, Carlos ! Carlos Velasco Carballo 2 2 0 0
Day 08 Japan 0–0 Greece Group C Aguilar, Joel ! Joel Aguilar 6 5 1 0
Day 09 Italy 0–1 Costa Rica Group D Osses, Enrique ! Enrique Osses 2 2 0 0
Day 09 Switzerland 2–5 France Group E Kuipers, Bjorn ! Björn Kuipers 1 1 0 0
Day 09 Honduras 1–2 Ecuador Group E Williams, Ben ! Ben Williams 5 5 0 0
Day 10 Argentina 1–0 Iran Group F Mazic, Milorad ! Milorad Mažić 2 2 0 0
Day 10 Germany 2–2 Ghana Group G Ricci, Sandro ! Sandro Ricci 1 1 0 0
Day 10 Nigeria 1–0 Bosnia and Herz. Group F O'Leary, Peter ! Peter O'Leary 2 2 0 0
Day 11 Belgium 1–0 Russia Group H Brych, Felix ! Felix Brych 3 3 0 0
Day 11 South Korea 2–4 Algeria Group H Roldan, Wilmar ! Wilmar Roldán 3 3 0 0
Day 11 United States 2–2 Portugal Group G Pitana, Nestor ! Néstor Pitana 1 1 0 0
Day 12 Australia 0–3 Spain Group B Shukralla, Nawaf ! Nawaf Shukralla 3 3 0 0
Day 12 Netherlands 2–0 Chile Group B Gassama, Bakary ! Bakary Gassama 2 2 0 0
Day 12 Cameroon 1–4 Brazil Group A Eriksson, Jonas ! Jonas Eriksson 3 3 0 0
Day 12 Croatia 1–3 Mexico Group A Irmatov, Ravshan ! Ravshan Irmatov 4 3 0 1
Day 13 Italy 0–1 Uruguay Group D Rodriguez, Marco ! Marco Rodríguez 5 4 0 1
Day 13 Costa Rica 0–0 England Group D Haimoudi, Djamel ! Djamel Haimoudi 3 3 0 0
Day 13 Japan 1–4 Colombia Group C Proenca, Pedro ! Pedro Proença 2 2 0 0
Day 13 Greece 2–1 Ivory Coast Group C Vera, Carlos ! Carlos Vera 3 3 0 0
Day 14 Nigeria 2–3 Argentina Group F Rizzoli, Nicola ! Nicola Rizzoli 2 2 0 0
Day 14 Bosnia and Herz. 3–1 Iran Group F Velasco Carballo, Carlos ! Carlos Velasco Carballo 2 2 0 0
Day 14 Honduras 0–3 Switzerland Group E Pitana, Nestor ! Néstor Pitana 1 1 0 0
Day 14 Ecuador 0–0 France Group E Doue, Noumandiez ! Noumandiez Doué 2 1 0 1
Day 15 United States 0–1 Germany Group G Irmatov, Ravshan ! Ravshan Irmatov 3 3 0 0
Day 15 Portugal 2–1 Ghana Group G Shukralla, Nawaf ! Nawaf Shukralla 4 4 0 0
Day 15 South Korea 0–1 Belgium Group H Williams, Ben ! Ben Williams 3 2 0 1
Day 15 Algeria 1–1 Russia Group H Cakir, Cuneyt ! Cüneyt Çakır 5 5 0 0
Knockout stage
Day 16 Brazil 1–1 a.e.t.
(3–2 pen.) Chile Round of 16 Webb, Howard ! Howard Webb 7 7 0 0
Day 16 Colombia 2–0 Uruguay Round of 16 Kuipers, Bjorn ! Björn Kuipers 3 3 0 0
Day 17 Netherlands 2–1 Mexico Round of 16 Proenca, Pedro ! Pedro Proença 3 3 0 0
Day 17 Costa Rica 1–1 a.e.t.
(5–3 pen.) Greece Round of 16 Williams, Ben ! Ben Williams 10[3][note 1] 8 1 0
Day 18 France 2–0 Nigeria Round of 16 Geiger, Mark ! Mark Geiger 1 1 0 0
Day 18 Germany 2–1 a.e.t. Algeria Round of 16 Ricci, Sandro ! Sandro Ricci 2 2 0 0
Day 19 Argentina 1–0 a.e.t. Switzerland Round of 16 Eriksson, Jonas ! Jonas Eriksson 5 5 0 0
Day 19 Belgium 2–1 a.e.t. United States Round of 16 Haimoudi, Djamel ! Djamel Haimoudi 2 2 0 0
Day 20 France 0–1 Germany Quarter-finals Pitana, Nestor ! Néstor Pitana 2 2 0 0
Day 20 Brazil 2–1 Colombia Quarter-finals Velasco Carballo, Carlos ! Carlos Velasco Carballo 4 4 0 0
Day 21 Argentina 1–0 Belgium Quarter-finals Rizzoli, Nicola ! Nicola Rizzoli 3 3 0 0
Day 21 Netherlands 0–0 a.e.t.
(4–3 pen.) Costa Rica Quarter-finals Irmatov, Ravshan ! Ravshan Irmatov 6 6 0 0
Day 22 Brazil 1–7 Germany Semi-finals Rodriguez, Marco ! Marco Rodríguez 1 1 0 0
Day 23 Netherlands 0–0 a.e.t.
(2–4 pen.) Argentina Semi-finals Cakir, Cuneyt ! Cüneyt Çakır 3 3 0 0
Day 24 Brazil 0–3 Netherlands Third place play-off Haimoudi, Djamel ! Djamel Haimoudi 5 5 0 0
Day 25 Germany 1–0 a.e.t. Argentina Final Rizzoli, Nicola ! Nicola Rizzoli 4 4 0 0
Source:[4][5]
By referee[edit]
Referee
Country
Matches
Red
Yellow
Red Cards
PKs awarded
Irmatov, RavshanRavshan Irmatov Uzbekistan 4 1 14 1 straight red 0
Rizzoli, NicolaNicola Rizzoli Italy 4 0 13 N/A 1
Haimoudi, DjamelDjamel Haimoudi Algeria 4 0 12 N/A 2
Pitana, NestorNéstor Pitana Argentina 4 0 8 N/A 0
Williams, BenBen Williams Australia 3 2 15 1 straight red
1 second yellow 0
Ricci, SandroSandro Ricci Brazil 3 1 10 1 second yellow 1
Rodriguez, MarcoMarco Rodríguez Mexico 3 1 7 1 straight red 1
Proenca, PedroPedro Proença Portugal 3 1 6 1 straight red 2
Cakir, CuneytCüneyt Çakır Turkey 3 0 12 N/A 0
Eriksson, JonasJonas Eriksson Sweden 3 0 10 N/A 0
Velasco Carballo, CarlosCarlos Velasco Carballo Spain 3 0 8 N/A 1
Geiger, MarkMark Geiger United States 3 0 7 N/A 0
Kuipers, BjörnBjörn Kuipers Netherlands 3 0 5 N/A 1
Aguilar, JoelJoel Aguilar El Salvador 2 1 7 1 second yellow 0
Brych, FelixFelix Brych Germany 2 1 6 1 straight red 1
Doué, NoumandiezNoumandiez Doué Ivory Coast 2 1 5 1 straight red 0
Mazic, MiloradMilorad Mažić Serbia 2 1 3 1 straight red 1
Webb, HowardHoward Webb England 2 0 9 N/A 0
Shukralla, NawafNawaf Shukralla Bahrain 2 0 7 N/A 0
Osses, EnriqueEnrique Osses Chile 2 0 6 N/A 0
Roldán, WilmarWilmar Roldán Colombia 2 0 5 N/A 0
Vera, CarlosCarlos Vera Ecuador 2 0 4 N/A 1
Nishimura, YuichiYuichi Nishimura Japan 1 0 4 N/A 1
Gassama, BakaryBakary Gassama Gambia 1 0 2 N/A 0
O'Leary, PeterPeter O'Leary New Zealand 1 0 2 N/A 0
By team[edit]
Team
Red Cards
Players suspended for World Cup matches
Costa Rica 12 1 Óscar Duarte vs Greece (second caution) Óscar Duarte vs Netherlands
Greece 8 1 Kostas Katsouranis vs Japan (second caution) Kostas Katsouranis vs Ivory Coast[6]
Uruguay 8 1 Maxi Pereira vs Costa Rica (serious foul play) Maxi Pereira vs England[7]
Luis Suárez, the entire knockout stage[8][3][9][note 2]
Belgium 7 1 Steven Defour vs South Korea (serious foul play) Steven Defour vs United States
Honduras 7 1 Wilson Palacios vs France (second caution) Wilson Palacios vs Ecuador[7]
Ecuador 5 1 Antonio Valencia vs France (serious foul play)[3][note 3] N/A
Cameroon 4 1 Alex Song vs Croatia (violent conduct) Alex Song vs Brazil[10][3][note 4]
Croatia 4 1 Ante Rebić vs Mexico (serious foul play)[3][note 5] Mario Mandžukić vs Brazil[11][note 6]
Josip Šimunić, the entire World Cup finals[11][note 7]
Italy 4 1 Claudio Marchisio vs Uruguay (serious foul play)[3][note 8] N/A
Portugal 2 1 Pepe vs Germany (violent conduct) Pepe vs United States[12]
Brazil 14 0 N/A Luiz Gustavo vs Colombia
Thiago Silva vs Germany
Netherlands 11 0 N/A Robin van Persie vs Chile[13]
Argentina 8 0 N/A Marcos Rojo vs Belgium
Mexico 8 0 N/A José Juan Vázquez vs Netherlands
Chile 7 0 N/A N/A
Ivory Coast 7 0 N/A Didier Zokora vs Greece
Algeria 6 0 N/A N/A
Australia 6 0 N/A Tim Cahill vs Spain[13]
Germany 6 0 N/A N/A
Ghana 6 0 N/A Sulley Muntari vs Portugal
South Korea 6 0 N/A N/A
Colombia 5 0 N/A Fredy Guarín vs Greece[11][note 9]
France 5 0 N/A Yohan Cabaye vs Ecuador
England 4 0 N/A N/A
Iran 4 0 N/A Sosha Makani vs Nigeria[11][note 10]
Japan 4 0 N/A N/A
Russia 4 0 N/A N/A
United States 4 0 N/A N/A
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 0 N/A N/A
Nigeria 3 0 N/A N/A
Spain 3 0 N/A N/A
Switzerland 3 0 N/A N/A
Source: [4][5]
By individual[edit]
Name
Team
Red
Yellow
Suspended for match(es):
Duarte, OscarÓscar Duarte Costa Rica 1 2 vs Netherlands
Katsouranis, KostasKostas Katsouranis Greece 1 2 vs Ivory Coast[6]
Palacios, WilsonWilson Palacios Honduras 1 2 vs Ecuador[7]
Valencia, AntonioAntonio Valencia Ecuador 1 1 N/A[3][note 3]
Defour, StevenSteven Defour Belgium 1 0 vs United States
Marchisio, ClaudioClaudio Marchisio Italy 1 0 N/A[3][note 8]
Pepe, Pepe Portugal 1 0 vs United States[12]
Pereira, MaxiMaxi Pereira Uruguay 1 0 vs England[7]
Rebić, AnteAnte Rebić Croatia 1 0 N/A[3][note 5]
Song, AlexAlex Song Cameroon 1 0 vs Brazil[10][3][note 4]
Silva, ThiagoThiago Silva Brazil 0 3 vs Germany
Alderweireld, TobyToby Alderweireld Belgium 0 2 N/A
Aguilar, PaulPaul Aguilar Mexico 0 2 N/A
Balotelli, MarioMario Balotelli Italy 0 2 N/A
Cabaye, YohanYohan Cabaye France 0 2 vs Ecuador
Cahill, TimTim Cahill Australia 0 2 vs Spain[13]
Gonzalez, GiancarloGiancarlo González Costa Rica 0 2 N/A
Luiz Gustavo, Luiz Gustavo Brazil 0 2 vs Colombia
Howedes, BenediktBenedikt Höwedes Germany 0 2 N/A
Huntelaar, Klaas-JanKlaas-Jan Huntelaar Netherlands 0 2 N/A
Jedinak, MileMile Jedinak Australia 0 2 N/A
Lugano, DiegoDiego Lugano Uruguay 0 2 N/A
Marquez, RafaelRafael Márquez Mexico 0 2 N/A
Martins Indi, BrunoBruno Martins Indi Netherlands 0 2 N/A
Mena, EugenioEugenio Mena Chile 0 2 N/A
Muntari, SulleySulley Muntari Ghana 0 2 vs Portugal
Persie, Robin vanRobin van Persie Netherlands 0 2 vs Chile[13]
Rojo, MarcosMarcos Rojo Argentina 0 2 vs Belgium
Schweinsteiger, BastianBastian Schweinsteiger Germany 0 2 N/A
Silva, FranciscoFrancisco Silva Chile 0 2 N/A
Vazquez, Jose JuanJosé Juan Vázquez Mexico 0 2 vs Netherlands
Zokora, DidierDidier Zokora Ivory Coast 0 2 vs Greece
Acosta, JohnnyJohnny Acosta Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Afful, HarrisonHarrison Afful Ghana 0 1 N/A
Aguero, SergioSergio Agüero Argentina 0 1 N/A
Alonso, XabiXabi Alonso Spain 0 1 N/A
Alves, DaniDani Alves Brazil 0 1 N/A
Ansarifard, KarimKarim Ansarifard Iran 0 1 N/A
Aranguiz, CharlesCharles Aránguiz Chile 0 1 N/A
Arevalo Rios, EgidioEgidio Arévalo Ríos Uruguay 0 1 N/A
Armero, PabloPablo Armero Colombia 0 1 N/A
Ayew, JordanJordan Ayew Ghana 0 1 N/A
Bamba, SolSol Bamba Ivory Coast 0 1 N/A
Barkley, RossRoss Barkley England 0 1 N/A
Beckerman, KyleKyle Beckerman United States 0 1 N/A
Bengtson, JerryJerry Bengtson Honduras 0 1 N/A
Bentaleb, NabilNabil Bentaleb Algeria 0 1 N/A
Bernardez, VictorVíctor Bernárdez Honduras 0 1 N/A
Besic, MuhamedMuhamed Bešić Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 1 N/A
Biglia, LucasLucas Biglia Argentina 0 1 N/A
Blind, DaleyDaley Blind Netherlands 0 1 N/A
Bougherra, MadjidMadjid Bougherra Algeria 0 1 N/A
Caceres, MartinMartín Cáceres Uruguay 0 1 N/A
Cadamuro-Bentaïba, LiassineLiassine Cadamuro-Bentaïba Algeria 0 1 N/A
Cameron, GeoffGeoff Cameron United States 0 1 N/A
Casillas, IkerIker Casillas Spain 0 1 N/A
Corluka, VedranVedran Ćorluka Croatia 0 1 N/A
Cubero, Jose MiguelJosé Miguel Cubero Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Dante, Dante Brazil 0 1 N/A
De Sciglio, MattiaMattia De Sciglio Italy 0 1 N/A
Dembele, MousaMousa Dembélé Belgium 0 1 N/A
Demichelis, MartínMartín Demichelis Argentina 0 1 N/A
Di María, ÁngelÁngel Di María Argentina 0 1 N/A
Diaz, JuniorJúnior Díaz Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Die, SereySerey Die Ivory Coast 0 1 N/A
Djourou, JohanJohan Djourou Switzerland 0 1 N/A
Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba Ivory Coast 0 1 N/A
Eduardo, Eduardo Croatia 0 1 N/A
Enoh, EyongEyong Enoh Cameroon 0 1 N/A
Erazo, FricksonFrickson Erazo Ecuador 0 1 N/A
Evra, PatricePatrice Evra France 0 1 N/A
Fernandes, GelsonGélson Fernandes Switzerland 0 1 N/A
Fernandinho, Fernandinho Brazil 0 1 N/A
Garay, EzequielEzequiel Garay Argentina 0 1 N/A
Garcia, OscarÓscar García Honduras 0 1 N/A
Gargano, WalterWalter Gargano Uruguay 0 1 N/A
Garrido, LuisLuis Garrido Honduras 0 1 N/A
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard England 0 1 N/A
Ghilas, NabilNabil Ghilas Algeria 0 1 N/A
Gimenez, JoseJosé Giménez Uruguay 0 1 N/A
Glushakov, DenisDenis Glushakov Russia 0 1 N/A
Godin, DiegoDiego Godín Uruguay 0 1 N/A
Gonzalez, OmarOmar Gonzalez United States 0 1 N/A
Granados, OscarÓscar Granados Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Guarin, FredyFredy Guarín Colombia 0 1 vs Greece[11][note 9]
Guardado, AndresAndrés Guardado Mexico 0 1 N/A
Guzman, Jonathan deJonathan de Guzmán Netherlands 0 1 N/A
Halliche, RafikRafik Halliche Algeria 0 1 N/A
Han, Kook-youngHan Kook-young South Korea 0 1 N/A
Hasebe, MakotoMakoto Hasebe Japan 0 1 N/A
Hazard, EdenEden Hazard Belgium 0 1 N/A
Hong, Jeong-hoHong Jeong-ho South Korea 0 1 N/A
Hulk, Hulk Brazil 0 1 N/A
Jo Jô Brazil 0 1 N/A
Jones, JermaineJermaine Jones United States 0 1 N/A
Kalou, SalomonSalomon Kalou Ivory Coast 0 1 N/A
Khedira, SamiSami Khedira Germany 0 1 N/A
Ki, Sung-yuengKi Sung-yueng South Korea 0 1 N/A
Kombarov, DmitriDmitri Kombarov Russia 0 1 N/A
Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany Belgium 0 1 N/A
Konno, YasuyukiYasuyuki Konno Japan 0 1 N/A
Koo, Ja-cheolKoo Ja-cheol South Korea 0 1 N/A
Kozlov, AlekseiAleksei Kozlov Russia 0 1 N/A
Lahm, PhilippPhilipp Lahm Germany 0 1 N/A
Lallana, AdamAdam Lallana England 0 1 N/A
Lee, YongLee Yong South Korea 0 1 N/A
Lovren, DejanDejan Lovren Croatia 0 1 N/A
Manolas, KostasKostas Manolas Greece 0 1 N/A
Mascherano, JavierJavier Mascherano Argentina 0 1 N/A
Matuidi, BlaiseBlaise Matuidi France 0 1 N/A
Mbia, StephaneStéphane Mbia Cameroon 0 1 N/A
Medunjanin, HarisHaris Medunjanin Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 1 N/A
Mesbah, DjamelDjamel Mesbah Algeria 0 1 N/A
Mikel, John ObiJohn Obi Mikel Nigeria 0 1 N/A
Milligan, MarkMark Milligan Australia 0 1 N/A
Montero, JeffersonJefferson Montero Ecuador 0 1 N/A
Moreno, HectorHéctor Moreno Mexico 0 1 N/A
Morishige, MasatoMasato Morishige Japan 0 1 N/A
Moutinho, JoaoJoão Moutinho Portugal 0 1 N/A
Muslera, FernandoFernando Muslera Uruguay 0 1 N/A
Navas, KeylorKeylor Navas Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Nekounam, JavadJavad Nekounam Iran 0 1 N/A
Neymar, Neymar Brazil 0 1 N/A
Nounkeu, DanyDany Nounkeu Cameroon 0 1 N/A
Omeruo, KennethKenneth Omeruo Nigeria 0 1 N/A
Oscar, Oscar Brazil 0 1 N/A
Oshaniwa, JuwonJuwon Oshaniwa Nigeria 0 1 N/A
Palacios, JerryJerry Palacios Honduras 0 1 N/A
Papastathopoulos, SokratisSokratis Papastathopoulos Greece 0 1 N/A
Paredes, Juan CarlosJuan Carlos Paredes Ecuador 0 1 N/A
Pereira, JoaoJoão Pereira Portugal 0 1 N/A
Pinilla, MauricioMauricio Pinilla Chile 0 1 N/A
Pogba, PaulPaul Pogba France 0 1 N/A
Rabiu, MohammedMohammed Rabiu Ghana 0 1 N/A
Rakitić, IvanIvan Rakitić Croatia 0 1 N/A
Ramires, Ramires Brazil 0 1 N/A
Ramos, SergioSergio Ramos Spain 0 1 N/A
Rodriguez, JamesJames Rodríguez Colombia 0 1 N/A
Ruiz, BryanBryan Ruiz Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Salli, EdgarEdgar Salli Cameroon 0 1 N/A
Salpingidis, DimitrisDimitris Salpingidis Greece 0 1 N/A
Samaras, GeorgiosGeorgios Samaras Greece 0 1 N/A
Samaris, AndreasAndreas Samaris Greece 0 1 N/A
Sanchez, CarlosCarlos Sánchez Colombia 0 1 N/A
Shatov, OlegOleg Shatov Russia 0 1 N/A
Shojaei, MasoudMasoud Shojaei Iran 0 1 N/A
Son, Heung-minSon Heung-min South Korea 0 1 N/A
Spahic, EmirEmir Spahić Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 1 N/A
Spiranovic, MatthewMatthew Špiranović Australia 0 1 N/A
Sterling, RaheemRaheem Sterling England 0 1 N/A
Tejeda, YeltsinYeltsin Tejeda Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Teymourian, AndranikAndranik Teymourian Iran 0 1 N/A
Tiote, CheickCheick Tioté Ivory Coast 0 1 N/A
Torosidis, VasilisVasilis Torosidis Greece 0 1 N/A
Umana, MichaelMichael Umaña Costa Rica 0 1 N/A
Valencia, EnnerEnner Valencia Ecuador 0 1 N/A
Vertonghen, JanJan Vertonghen Belgium 0 1 N/A
Vidal, ArturoArturo Vidal Chile 0 1 N/A
Vrij, Stefan deStefan de Vrij Netherlands 0 1 N/A
Waris, Abdul MajeedAbdul Majeed Waris Ghana 0 1 N/A
Witsel, AxelAxel Witsel Belgium 0 1 N/A
Xhaka, GranitGranit Xhaka Switzerland 0 1 N/A
Yepes, MarioMario Yepes Colombia 0 1 N/A
Yoshida, MayaMaya Yoshida Japan 0 1 N/A
Mandzukic, MarioMario Mandžukić Croatia 0 0 vs Brazil[11][note 6]
Suarez, LuisLuis Suárez Uruguay 0 0 the entire knockout stage[8][3][9][note 2]
Makani, SoshaSosha Makani Iran N/A vs Nigeria[11][note 10]
Simunic, JosipJosip Šimunić Croatia N/A the entire World Cup finals[11][note 7]
Source: [4][5]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Greece manager Fernando Santos was dismissed before the penalty shoot-out, but is not included within the statistics as he was not a player competing in the tournament. According to FIFA laws, only players, substitutes, and substituted players could be cautioned and/or sent-off (shown a card). Fernando Santos was given an 8-match suspension by FIFA.
^ Jump up to: a b Suárez was suspended by FIFA for 9 matches for his national team, banned for 4 months from any football-related activity, and fined CHF100,000 for a biting incident during Uruguay's final group stage game against Italy. This suspension made Suárez ineligible for the rest of the tournament. After an appeal made to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, the ban was upheld, but Suárez was now allowed to attend training sessions and participate in non-competitive matches. As Uruguay's participation in the World Cup had ended after the team had played one more game (vs Colombia in the Round of 16), Suárez had to serve the rest of his suspension during the next 8 competitive games of Uruguay, including the entire 2015 Copa América and the first four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification.
^ Jump up to: a b As Valencia was sent off in Ecuador's last match of the tournament, he had to serve a suspension during the next competitive game of Ecuador (the first match at 2015 Copa América vs Chile).
^ Jump up to: a b Song was given a three-match ban. As Cameroon's participation ended after the team had played one more game (vs Brazil), Song had to serve the rest of his suspension during the next two competitive games of Cameroon (AFCON 2015 qualifying matches vs DR Congo and Ivory Coast).
^ Jump up to: a b As Rebić was sent off in Croatia's last match of the tournament, he had to serve a suspension during the next competitive game of Croatia (a Euro 2016 qualifying match vs Malta).
^ Jump up to: a b Mandžukić was suspended for his team's first match of the tournament after being sent off for serious foul play in the final qualification match against Iceland 19 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Šimunić was suspended for 10 matches for using a fascist slogan after the final qualification match against Iceland, 19 November 2013. This included playing or attending matches. Šimunić was therefore ineligible for the entire tournament, and was not called up for the Croatian squad. As Croatia's participation ended after the team had played 3 games, Šimunić had to serve the rest of his suspension during the first seven matches of Euro 2016 qualifying.
^ Jump up to: a b As Marchisio was sent off in Italy's last match of the tournament, he had to serve a suspension during the next competitive game of Italy (a Euro 2016 qualifying match vs Norway).
^ Jump up to: a b Guarín was suspended for his team's first match of the tournament after being sent off for a double yellow card in the final qualification match against Paraguay, 15 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Makani was suspended for his team's first match of the tournament, for a post-match altercation after the final qualification match against South Korea, 18 June 2013. Makani was eventually omitted from the Iranian squad, but the suspension was still considered to be served during the tournament (Suspension – FIFA).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What if...?". FIFA. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "FIFA Disciplinary Code" (PDF). FIFA. art. 38 para. 4. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Update on FIFA Disciplinary Committee decisions on World Cup cases". FIFA. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Yellow cards (match)". UEFA.com. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Red cards (match)". UEFA.com. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Greece keep Japan at bay after Kostas Katsouranis gets early red card". The Guardian. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Palacios, Pereira hit with one-game bans". SuperSport. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Luis Suárez suspended for nine matches and banned for four months from any football-related activity". FIFA. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Luis Suarez Case: Sanctions confirmed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) but suspension limited to official matches" (PDF). Court of Arbitration for Sport. 14 August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Alex Song handed three-game ban following red card in Cameroon's defeat to Croatia". Daily Mail. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Match suspensions to be served at the final competition of the FIFA World Cup". FIFA. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup 2014: Portugal defender Pepe suspended for match against USA". Sporting News Soccer. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Van Persie and Cahill earn suspensions". ESPN FC. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
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Magic Mirror (Snow White)
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This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (October 2017)
The Evil Queen in front of the Mirror Mirror in a 1916 illustration
The Magic Mirror is a mystical object that is featured in the story of Snow White.
Contents
1 Fairy tale
2 Real-life influences
3 Modern adaptations
3.1 Disney
3.1.1 Disney's Snow White franchise
3.1.2 Once Upon a Time
3.2 Other
3.2.1 The 10th Kingdom
3.2.2 Faerie Tale Theatre
3.2.3 Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics
3.2.4 Happily Ever After
3.2.5 The Hunters
3.2.6 The Huntsman film series
3.2.7 Mirror Mirror
3.2.8 Princesses
3.2.9 Sesame Street
3.2.10 Snow White: A Tale of Terror
3.2.11 Shrek
3.2.12 Simon the Sorcerer
3.2.13 Sisters Grimm
3.2.14 Snow White: The Fairest of Them All
3.2.15 The Suite Life
3.2.16 The Wolf Among Us
3.2.17 Sinister Squad
4 Magic Mirror inspired technology
5 References
Fairy tale[edit]
The Magic Mirror is owned by the Evil Queen and has been depicted in different versions as either a hand mirror or a mirror on the wall. Every morning, the Evil Queen asked the Magic Mirror the question "Magic mirror in my hand, who is the fairest in the land?". The mirror always replies: "My Queen, you are the fairest in the land." The Queen is always pleased with that, because the magic mirror never lies. But, when Snow White reaches the age of seven, she becomes as beautiful as the day and even more beautiful than the Queen and when the Queen asks her mirror, it responds: "My Queen, you are the fairest here so true. But Snow White is a thousand times more beautiful than you." This resulted in the Evil Queen enlisting a huntsman to kill Snow White and bring her Snow White's lungs and liver.
After eating the lungs and liver of a boar that the Huntsman passed off as Snow White's lungs and liver, the Evil Queen asked the Magic Mirror the question "Magic Mirror in my hand, who is the fairest in the land?" The mirror replies: "My Queen, you are the fairest here so true. But Snow White beyond the mountains at the seven Dwarfs is a thousand times more beautiful than you." This caused the Evil Queen to disguise herself as different women to kill Snow White.
After the latest attempt with a poison apple which was undone by the Prince and Snow White marrying him, the Evil Queen asked the Magic Mirror who the fairest in the land was, the Magic Mirror quoted "You, my Queen, are fair so true. But the young Queen is a thousand times fairer than you." The Evil Queen learned too late at the wedding that the young queen in question was Snow White which eventually leads to the Queen's death which varied per version.
Real-life influences[edit]
The “Talking Mirror” at the Spessart Museum in Lohr am Main
German pharmacist and fairy-tale parodist Karlheinz Bartels suggests, in a tongue-in-cheek manner, that the German folk tale "Snow White" is influenced by Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von und zu Erthal, who was born in Lohr am Main in 1725.[1] After the death of Maria Sophia's birth mother in 1738, her father Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal remarried.[2] Claudia Elisabeth von Reichenstein, the stepmother, was domineering and greatly favored the children from her first marriage.[3] The Queen's iconic mirror, referred to as “The Talking Mirror,” can still be viewed today at Spessart Museum in the Lohr Castle, where Maria Sophia was born. The mirror was likely a gift from Philipp Christoph to Claudia Elisabeth. It was a product of the Lohr Mirror Manufacture (Kurmainzische Spiegelmanufaktur). The mirror “talked” predominantly in aphorisms. The upper right corner of “The Talking Mirror” contains a clear reference to self-love (Amour Propre). Moreover, mirrors from Lohr were so elaborately worked that they were accorded the reputation of “always speaking the truth”. They became a favorite gift at European crown and aristocratic courts.[4]
Modern adaptations[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Disney[edit]
Disney's Snow White franchise[edit]
The Evil Queen with her Mirror at Mickey's Boo-to-You Halloween Parade 2010
The Magic Mirror appeared in Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs voiced by Moroni Olsen. The Magic Mirror contained an imprisoned spirit who is referred to as the Slave in the Magic Mirror. In his first appearance in the film, the Evil Queen would consult with the Magic Mirror to ask who the fairest of one all was. The Magic Mirror always told the Evil Queen that she was the fairest one of all. When asked who the fairest of all is, the spirit replies that, while the Queen is beautiful, a fairer being exists. When the Queen angrily asks for the girl's name, the spirit describes her, making it obvious to the Queen that Snow White is the one being referred to. The Queen then orders her Huntsman to kill Snow White and bring her back her heart. When the Evil Queen asks the Magic Mirror who the fairest of them all was later that evening, the Magic Mirror told her that Snow White was the fairest of them all. Though the Queen at first believes the spirit to be incorrect and showed it the heart in question, she is told that she holds the heart of a pig and that Snow White still lives in the Cottage of the Seven Dwarfs.
The Magic Mirror appeared in Disney's House of Mouse, voiced by Tony Jay and seen in the lobby of the club. It would always answer questions given to him by the guests or give advice to the staff members. The Magic Mirror also appeared in Fantasmic! voiced again by Tony Jay.
The Magic Mirror appears in Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep voiced by Corey Burton. The Magic Mirror first appears in Terra's storyline. As per the movie, it told the Queen that Snow White was now much fairer than the vain ruler. However, it added on that her heart was a pure light than shone bright. It was then promised by the Evil Queen usage by Terra to find Master Xehanort if he brought her Snow White's heart. However, he did not do so and told the Evil Queen he never intended to. Terra then proceeds to tell her that unlike Snow White, she has much darkness in her heart. The Evil Queen, insulted and outraged, commanded the mirror to destroy Terra. The Magic Mirror refused saying it can only answer questions. The Evil Queen's increasing rage then caused the mirror to have a potion slammed on its face sucking Terra in and fighting him. However, he is defeated and releases Terra. The Evil Queen reluctantly has the Magic Mirror tell Terra where he can find Master Xehanort. The Magic Mirror quotes "Beyond both light and dark he dwells, where war was waged upon the fells." Upon learning this information, Terra takes his leave from the Evil Queen and the Magic Mirror where the Magic Mirror's cryptic response would direct Terra to the Keyblade Graveyard. The Magic Mirror later appears in Aqua's storyline. When Aqua looks for a cure for Snow White in the castle, the still-possessed Magic Mirror drags her into the mirror for a fight, but she also manages to defeat him and is released. The Magic Mirror then disappears stating to Aqua "The Queen is gone, my service done. Adieu, oh victorious one."
In the Disney Channel original movie Descendants, the Evil Queen has retained the Mirror after her exile to the Isle of the Lost, reduced to a small hand-mirror that is passed on to her daughter Evie. Although it is still controlled by rhymes spoken by the user and doesn't have an inhabitant in it.
A different version of the Magic Mirror appeared in The 7D voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. This version is a female that serves Queen Delightful of Jollyland.
Once Upon a Time[edit]
In Once Upon a Time, the Magic Mirror started out as a Genie (played by Giancarlo Esposito) where he and his lamp were discovered by King Leopold. King Leopold feels no need to wish for anything and uses the first and second wishes to free the Genie from the lamp and to give the third wish to the Genie. The Genie expresses the desire to find true love, so King Leopold takes the Genie to his castle as he believes the Genie can find true love there. He falls in love with the King's wife Queen Regina and gives her a hand mirror. The King reads in the Queen's diary that she has fallen in love with the man who gave her the hand mirror and asks the Genie to locate him. The Queen is then locked in her room to prevent her from leaving the King. To free her, her father has the Genie bring her a locked box, which turns out to be filled with poisonous vipers from Agrabah so the Queen can kill herself. Instead, the Genie uses the vipers to kill King Leopold and allow the Queen to be with him. She tells him that since the vipers were from his country, the guards will find out that he was the murderer and flee. Realizing the Queen never loved him, he uses his wish to be always with her and to never leave her sight. This traps him in the hand mirror. As a spirit in the Magic Mirror, he is able to move between and see through all other mirrors in the Enchanted Forest. He is used by Regina to spy on and locate others.
In Storybrooke, he is Sidney Glass, a reporter for Storybrooke's local newspaper The Daily Mirror. On Regina's request, he researches Emma Swan's past to help Regina expel her from Storybrooke. After Graham's death, Regina attempts to appoint him sheriff, but the wording of the town charter calls for an election. He loses the position to Emma Swan. Regina has him removed from the newspaper staff, and Sidney goes to Emma, claiming that he wants to expose Regina as the corrupt person she is. However, the exposé reveals Regina's attempts to improve the community. Despite this, Sidney tells Emma that he will help her take down Regina, but it is revealed that he is secretly in league with Regina, who is using Emma's trust in Sidney to gain leverage over Emma. Emma later learns that he planted a bug in a vase glass after it is used to tip off Regina upon discovering a key piece of evidence that would have cleared Mary Margaret Blanchard of Kathryn Nolan's murder. Emma confronts Sidney and realizes that he is in love with Regina. Still, Emma presses him to help defeat Regina. However, after Kathryn is found alive, Sidney falsely confesses to kidnapping Kathryn and framing Mary Margaret so that he could "find" Kathryn and become famous. Later, a cell labeled "S. Glass" is seen in the hospital basement's psychiatric ward. The name "S. Glass" is visible on a door in the first season finale, suggesting that Regina had locked him in the Storybrooke Hospital's psychiatric ward after he confessed to the kidnapping. In "A Tale of Two Sisters," Regina frees Sidney Glass from the psychiatric ward to be her Mirror again in order to enlist him into helping get rid of the people that are in the middle of her happiness. Regina temporarily places Sidney in the mirror to find the exact moment in which Maid Marian was apprehended by Regina's men. Regina later consults with Sidney on how to change fate. Regina tells Sidney that the villains in the book don't get a happy ending and wants him to find the writer of the book so that she can make some changes like allowing the villains to get their happy endings. In "Breaking Glass," Regina has Sidney Glass look for the Snow Queen's hideout in order to force her into thawing Maid Marian from her freezing spell. When Emma arrives to know where Sidney Glass is, Regina states that she's too busy to tell her where Sidney Glass is. Sidney later reports to Regina about where the Snow Queen is hiding out after his failed attempt to get a leverage on Regina. Using a compact to remain in contact to Sidney Glass, Regina heads in the directions of the Snow Queen's hideout. Regina later admits that Sidney was in the mirror. Upon strong winds reaching Emma and Regina, Sidney states the Snow Queen had swayed him to her side as Elsa's ice bridge breaks. After Emma and Regina defeat a large Viking made of ice, the Snow Queen takes the compact that Sidney is and retreats. At her hideout, the Snow Queen frees Sidney from the mirror as she wanted the mirror that he was trapped in to go with her mirror that she is putting together. The Snow Queen states that she wants the mirror that Sidney Glass is in since it is filled with dark magic. Before declaring Sidney free, the Snow Queen advises Sidney to get a warm coat since it is "going to get cooler around here."
Other[edit]
The 10th Kingdom[edit]
In the TV miniseries The 10th Kingdom, a magic mirror is a key element of the plot, as protagonists Tony and Virginia Lewis travel from New York into the fairy-tale realm via a traveling mirror, which they subsequently lose and must spend the rest of the series searching for, while their enemy, the evil Queen and protégé of Snow White's deceased stepmother, spies on them with other magic mirrors. The travelling mirror that brought them to this world is destroyed in an accident, but an old mirror referred to as Gustav- which can only communicate and respond to queries made in rhyme- reveals that there were two other travelling mirrors made, with one sunk at the bottom of the ocean and the other in the possession of the Queen. With the Queen's defeat, Virginia returns to New York through the Queen's travelling mirror, although Tony decides to remain in the fairy-tale realm to enjoy his new status as a hero.
Faerie Tale Theatre[edit]
The mirror in Faerie Tale Theatre was played by Vincent Price, whose face appeared as if mounted on the top of the mirror (in reality, Price stuck his face through a hole). This mirror, as did all of the Queen's (Vanessa Redgrave) other mirrors, turned black as she found out that Snow White was alive.
Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics[edit]
The Magic Mirror appears in the "Snow White" episode of Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics. It is kept in a cabinet in the Evil Queen's chambers. Like the story, the Magic Mirror told the Evil Queen that she was the fairest of them all until the day when Snow White came of age. In this version when the Magic Mirror told the Evil Queen that the Seven Dwarfs freed Snow White from the deadly laces and that she can't be killed when she is in their protection, the Evil Queen breaks the Magic Mirror vowing to prove it wrong.
Happily Ever After[edit]
The Magic Mirror appeared as the Looking Glass in Happily Ever After voiced by Dom DeLuise. When Lord Maliss asks him where his sister the Evil Queen is and threatens it for information, the Looking Glass tells him that she has died trying to kill Snow White. After Snow White evaded Lord Maliss' dragon form, Lord Maliss consults the Looking Glass again as the Looking Glass tells him that Snow White and the Dwarfelles are heading to Rainbow Falls. When Snow White ventures to Lord Maliss' castle, the Looking Glass tells him that it will be tough for Snow White to find his castle. When the Dwarfelles enter Lord Maliss' castle and wonder where Lord Maliss has taken Snow White, the Looking Glass states that "beneath the Queen lies a secret door." After searching the area, they find a panel to the hidden door underneath the Evil Queen's bust.
The Hunters[edit]
In the 2013 SyFy film The Hunters, it is revealed that the Magic Mirror was inspired by a fabled mirror that is said to grant the wish of whoever looks into it; supposedly, the mirror triggered the Dark Ages. The mirror was sought by an ancient army known as the Krugen before the hunters- a group of scientist knights dedicated to protecting fairy-tale artefacts- acquired the mirror, breaking off four shards from the mirror and hiding them and the mirror away when destroying it completely proved impossible. The film focuses on a family of hunters, the Flynns, with the parents being experienced hunters seeking the shards to keep them away from the Krugen and their sons being forced to take up the hunt when their parents go missing. The mirror is eventually reassembled by the film's antagonist, but he is tricked into making a wish that caused the mirror to destroy him, with the protagonists subsequently wishing for the mirror to destroy itself.
The Huntsman film series[edit]
In Snow White and the Huntsman, the Magic Mirror appears as a golden gong-like mirror that oozes out a hooded robed being (voiced by Christopher Obi) whenever Queen Ravenna called upon it for information, although apparently, the being is only visible to Ravenna, as her henchmen observe her talking to thin air. The Magic Mirror first appeared where he told Queen Ravenna that Snow White was coming to the age where she will be more fairer than Queen Ravenna. The Mirror is last seen when Snow White defeats Ravenna, ending the Evil Queen's rule.
In prequel/sequel, The Huntsman: Winter's War, the Magic Mirror (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) is revealed to hold darker forms of magic. He is seen in flashbacks of Queen Ravenna's tyrannical reign, where it tells Ravenna that her sister Freya will give birth to a child who will exceed Ravenna's beauty as the fairest of them all. The Mirror also predicts that if the child was to be harmed, Freya will unleash powers, prompting Ravenna to orchestrate the murder of her own niece, both to preserve her own beauty and, in her own twisted way, help her sister. Freya, in horror at her discovery, releases icy powers that kill her lover and turns her hair white. Years later, after Ravenna's death, the Magic Mirror has gone missing while travelling to a Sanctuary where Snow White believes its evil can be contained. It is revealed to be in the hands of a troll in a forest, but Freya, seeking the mirror for herself, orders Sara- the Huntsman's presumed-dead wife- to retrieve it. Although Sara obeys this order, she tricks Freya by sparing Eric's life. Freya's subsequent attempt to use the Mirror herself reveals that Ravenna had hidden a part of herself in the mirror, restoring her to a form of life apparently formed of the Mirror's gold while still appearing human. In the final confrontation, Freya learns the truth about her sister's role in the death of her daughter (Ravenna was now the mirror spirit and was thus bound to answer Freya's questions truthfully), prompting her to aid Eric in destroying the Mirror at the cost of her own life. However, the final scene shows a golden raven flying away, suggesting that a part of the mirror - and thus Ravenna - may have survived.
Mirror Mirror[edit]
In the film Mirror Mirror, elements of the Magic Mirror are featured as a large mirror that serves as a portal to the Mirror House where Queen Clementianna consults with the Mirror Queen (played by Lisa Roberts Gillian). To access the portal to the Mirror House, Queen Clementianna would quote "Mirror Mirror on the Wall." The Mirror Queen would always advise Queen Clementianna not to use dark magic for her own gain. After the aged Queen Clementianna takes the slice of an apple she was to give to Snow White from her, the Mirror Queen declared that it was Snow White's story all along as the Mirror House and shatters the Mirror House.
Princesses[edit]
In Jim C. Hines' Princesses series – chronicling the adventures of Snow White with Princess Danielle Whiteshore (Cinderella) and former Princess Talia Malak-el-Dahshat (Sleeping Beauty) after their tales concluded with Snow and Talia being banished from their kingdoms and taken in by Danielle's mother-in-law – Snow White is a sorceress who uses her mother's mirror as a key focus of her spells, relying on various smaller mirrors to maintain a link to it when away from the palace; her power is commonly focused by using various rhymes as spells, although she can create other spells without speaking. The fourth novel, The Snow Queen's Revenge, reveals that the magic mirror was created by Snow White's mother imprisoning a demon and binding it to her service. The plot suggests that the mirror's role in the original story was motivated by the demon attempting to create a set of circumstances that would allow it to escape, inspiring Snow's mother to attack her daughter so that Snow would inherit the mirror and some day make a mistake that would let the demon out. In the novel The Snow Queen's Revenge, the mirror shatters after Snow tries to perform a particularly complex spell, allowing the demon within it to possess Snow while shards of the mirror corrupt others, forcing Danielle and Talia to return to Snow's kingdom in the hopes of rediscovering the secrets used by Snow White's mother to bind the demon in the first place so that they can try and exorcise it from Snow. After this plan proves impossible due to the demon's interference, the demon attempts to recreate a larger ice-mirror to summon further demons into this world, using the part-fairy blood of Danielle's son Jakub – Danielle having some fairy blood in her from her mother's side of the family – but a reflection of Snow's untainted self helps protect her friends long enough for them to destroy the demon, at the cost of Snow's life.
Sesame Street[edit]
The Magic Mirror appeared in Episode 685 of Sesame Street with the Magic Mirror's face being the face of Jerry Nelson. In the "Sesame Street News Flash" segment, Kermit the Frog interviews the Magic Mirror on which question the evil witch will ask him and tells Kermit that it is the same question where the Snow White answer "drives her up the wall." The witch who is the fairest in the land, has two beautiful eyes, is green, wearing a hat, wielding a microphone, and is in the same room as the Magic Mirror. The Magic Mirror states that Kermit the Frog is the fairest. The witch then notices Kermit the Frog hiding behind the curtain and states that he is good-looking.
Snow White: A Tale of Terror[edit]
In Snow White: A Tale of Terror, this version has the mirror a property of Lady Claudia (Sigourney Weaver). It is a wooden closet with a statue as the door and hands acting as locks. It is regarded as a family heritage artifact by her. Snow White's nanny, tries to see what's inside while cleaning it and immediately suffers a heart attack. The mirror displays a beautiful and younger version of the Queen who advises her what to do. The mirror also contains her life force and she ages rapidly when Snow White stabs the mirror and then engulfs in flame of the burning room.
Shrek[edit]
The Magic Mirror appears in the Shrek franchise voiced by Chris Miller. It is depicted as a mirror with a live spirit communicating through it, and with magical displaying abilities.
In Shrek, the Magic Mirror is first brought to Lord Farquaad who asks it if Duloc is not the most perfect kingdom, exactly the same way the Evil Queen used to ask it if she was not the fairest of all. The Magic Mirror then presents Lord Farquaad with three princesses that he can marry (from which he chooses Fiona). This is done in a parody of Blind Date.
It is later seen to be with Shrek's posse who in Shrek 2 use it as a television set such as announcing that the show will be back after commercials.
In Shrek Forever After, Rumpelstiltskin has it and uses it on television broadcasting purposes.
Simon the Sorcerer[edit]
Near the end of the video game Simon the Sorcerer, the player can use the Magic Mirror in Sordid's tower as a surveillance monitor, using any reflecting surface like a camera.[5]
Sisters Grimm[edit]
In the Sisters Grimm series by Michael Buckley, the Magic Mirror appears as a minor protagonist in the first six books, but is revealed to be the main antagonist in book seven and remains evil until near the end of book nine.
Snow White: The Fairest of Them All[edit]
Here, the wicked queen Elspeth possesses a hall of magic mirrors, and a hand mirror that displays several attributes not seen before. The Queen may command the hand mirror to terminate enemies (as she did to the Huntsman), use it as a means of transport or step through it to change appearances, even turning others into animals.
The Suite Life[edit]
A parody version of the Magic Mirror appears as a recurring character throughout The Suite Life of Zack & Cody voiced by Brian Peck. It is a high tech mirror that often compliments London Tipton's attire.
A direct representation of the Magic Mirror in The Suite Life on Deck episode "Once Upon A Suite Life" voiced by Michael Airington. It is seen when all the characters are dreaming of themselves in the classic fairytales such as Snow White, Jack and the Beanstalk and Hansel and Gretel.
The Wolf Among Us[edit]
Appearing as a magical object in the Business Office, the Magic Mirror is a minor protagonist in The Wolf Among Us. Usually demanding its request be given to it in rhyme form, the Magic Mirror is capable of showing a brief vision of its requested subject. The Magic Mirror's shattering and the search for its missing shard play key aspects following the end of the second episode.
Sinister Squad[edit]
Although the magic mirror does not appear directly in the Asylum film Sinister Squad, it is referenced as a key part of the film's backstory; when Rumpelstiltskin destroyed the mirror to prevent the forces of Death claiming it, it transferred several fairy-tale characters into our world, with Rumpelstiltskin relying on fragments of the mirror to sustain his own magical manipulation abilities until the final confrontation with Death.
Magic Mirror inspired technology[edit]
In 2017 Amazon announced Echo Look, a “style assistant” camera that helps catalog your outfits and rates your look based on “machine learning algorithms with advice from fashion specialists.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Karlheinz Bartels: Schneewittchen – Zur Fabulologie des Spessarts. Second Edition, Lohr 2012, publisher: Geschichts- und Museumsverein Lohr a. Main, the local historical society, ISBN 978-3-934128-40-8; cf. an academic review by Theodor Ruf: Die Schöne aus dem Glassarg. Schneewittchens märchenhaftes und wirkliches Leben. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 1994, p. 12ff, 49ff; ISBN 3-88479-967-3.
Jump up ^ Werner Loibl: Der Vater der fürstbischöflichen Erthals - Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal (1689 - 1748), Aschaffenburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-87965-126-9.
Jump up ^ Werner Loibl, Schneewittchens herrische Stiefmutter (The domineering stepmother of Snow White), Lohrer Echo, 28.08.1992 with further references.
Jump up ^ Werner Loibl, Die kurmainzische Spiegelmanufaktur Lohr am Main in der Zeit Kurfürst Lothar Franz von Schönborn (1698-1729), p.277f, in the catalogue: Glück und Glas, Zur Kulturgeschichte des Spessarts, Munich, 1984; Loibl is the foremost expert in the history of 17th and 18th-century glasshouses in Germany, according to Dedo von Kerssenbrock-Krosigk, formerly Curator of European Glass at the Corning Museum of Glass (Corning, NY), since 2008 Director of the Hentrich Museum of Glass (Düsseldorf, Germany). Cf. now the history of the 17th- and 18th-century glasshouses in Lohr and in the Spessart written by Werner Loibl: Die kurmainzische Spiegelmanufaktur Lohr am Main (1698 - 1806) und die Nachfolgebetriebe im Spessart, 3 volumes, Aschaffenburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-87965-118-4.
Jump up ^ Adventure Soft. Simon the Sorcerer.
Jump up ^ "Amazon's new $200 camera will judge how you look". The Verge. 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
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A House for Mr Biswas
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A House for Mr Biswas
First edition cover
Author
V. S. Naipaul
Cover artist
Stephen Russ[1]
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Contemporary fiction
Published
1961 André Deutsch
Media type
Print
A House for Mr Biswas is a 1961 novel by V. S. Naipaul, significant as Naipaul's first work to achieve acclaim worldwide. It is the story of Mohun Biswas, an Indo-Trinidadian who continually strives for success and mostly fails, who marries into the Tulsi family only to find himself dominated by it, and who finally sets the goal of owning his own house. Drawing some elements from the life of Naipaul's father,[2][3] the work is primarily a sharply drawn look at life that uses postcolonial perspectives to view a vanished colonial world.
In 1998, the Modern Library ranked A House for Mr Biswas number 72 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Time magazine included the novel in its "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Significance
3 Adaptations
4 External links
5 References
Plot[edit]
Mohun Biswas is born in rural Trinidad to parents of Indian origin. His birth was considered inauspicious as he is born "in the wrong way" and with an extra finger. A pandit prophesies that the newborn child "will be a lecher and a spendthrift. Possibly a liar as well", and that he will "eat up his mother and father". The pandit advises that the boy be kept "away from trees and water. Particularly water". A few years later, Mohun leads a neighbour's calf, which he is tending, to a stream. The boy, who has never seen water "in its natural form", becomes distracted and allows the calf to wander off. Mohun then hides in fear of punishment. His father, believing his son to be in the water, drowns in an attempt to save him, thus in part fulfilling the pandit's prophecy. This leads to the dissolution of the family. Mohun's sister is sent to live with a wealthy aunt and uncle, Tara and Ajodha. Mohun, his mother, and two older brothers go to live with other relatives.
The boy is withdrawn prematurely from school and apprenticed to a pandit, but is cast out on bad terms. Ajodha then puts him in the care of his alcoholic and abusive brother Bhandat, an arrangement which also ends badly. Finally, the young Mr Biswas decides to make his own fortune. He encounters a friend from his school days who helps him get into the business of sign-writing. While on the job, Mr Biswas attempts to romance a client's daughter but his advances are misinterpreted as a wedding proposal. He is drawn into a marriage which he does not have the nerve to stop and becomes a member of the Tulsi household.
Mr Biswas becomes very unhappy with his wife Shama and her overbearing family. The Tulsis (and the big decaying house where they live) represent the communal way of life which is traditional throughout Africa and Asia. Mr Biswas is offered a place in this cosmos, a subordinate place to be sure, but a place that is guaranteed and from which advancement is possible. But Mr Biswas wants more. He is, by instinct, a modern man. He wants to be the author of his own life. That is an aspiration with which Tulsis cannot deal, and their decaying world conspires to drag him down.[4] Despite his poor education, Mr Biswas becomes a journalist, has four children with Shama, and attempts several times to build a house that he can call his own, a house which will symbolize his independence.
Significance[edit]
This novel is generally regarded as Naipaul's most significant work and is credited with launching him into international fame and renown.
Time magazine included the novel in its "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005".[5]
Adaptations[edit]
The novel was later adapted as a stage musical, with compositions by Monty Norman. One of the songs written for the play, "Good Sign, Bad Sign", was later rewritten as "The James Bond Theme", according to the documentary Inside Dr. No.
A two-part radio dramatisation, featuring Rudolph Walker, Nitin Ganatra, Nina Wadia, and Angela Wynter ran on BBC Radio Four on March 26 and April 2, 2006.
External links[edit]
V. S. Naipaul discusses A House for Mr Biswas on the BBC World Book Club
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bound books - a set on Flickr
Jump up ^ Kumar, Amitava (2002-01-01). Bombay--London--New York. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415942119.
Jump up ^ Hayward, Helen (2002-01-01). The Enigma of V S Naipaul: Sources and Contexts. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403902542.
Jump up ^ S. R. Cudjoe, V.S. Naipaul: A Materialist Reading, p.71. See also Ramchand, The West Indies, p. 206.
Jump up ^ "All-TIME 100 Novels: How We Picked the List". TIME.com. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
[hide]
v
t
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Works by V. S. Naipaul
Novels
The Mystic Masseur
The Suffrage of Elvira
Miguel Street
A House for Mr Biswas
Mr Stone and the Knights Companion
A Flag on the Island
The Mimic Men
In a Free State
Guerrillas
A Bend in the River
The Enigma of Arrival
A Way in the World
Half a Life
Magic Seeds
Non-fiction
The Middle Passage
An Area of Darkness
The Loss of El Dorado
The Overcrowded Barracoon and other articles
India: A Wounded Civilization
A Congo Diary
The Return of Eva Peron and the Killings in Trinidad
Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey
Finding the Centre
Reading and Writing: A Personal Account
A Turn in the South
India: A Million Mutinies Now
Bombay
Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions among the Converted Peoples
Between Father and Son: Family Letters
The Writer and the World: Essays
Literary Occasions: Essays
A Writer's People: Ways of Looking and Feeling
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_House_for_Mr_Biswas&oldid=793299654"
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Novels by V. S. Naipaul
Postcolonial literature
Novels set in Trinidad and Tobago
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