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José José, el príncipe de la canción
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José José, el príncipe de la canción
Genre
Biographical
Telenovela
Starring
Alejandro de la Madrid
María Fernanda Yepes
Itati Cantoral
Rosa María Bianchi
Theme music composer
Roberto Cantoral
Opening theme
"El Triste" by José José
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
Spanish
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
60 (list of episodes)
Production
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Production company(s)
Telemundo Studios
Release
Original network
Telemundo
Picture format
HDTV 1080i
Audio format
Stereophonic sound
Original release
15 January (2018-01-15) – 6 April 2018 (2018-04-06)
Chronology
Followed by
Mi familia perfecta
External links
Website
José José, el príncipe de la canción, or simply El príncipe de la canción is a Spanish-language American biographical telenovela that premiered on Telemundo on 15 January 2018 and concluded on 6 April 2018. The show is based on the life of the Mexican singer José José,[1] and Alejandro de la Madrid stars as the titular character.[1]
The first season is on Netflix since 1 June 2018 and has a total of 75 episodes.[2]
Contents
1 Cast
2 Production
2.1 Background
2.2 Promotion
3 Ratings
4 Episodes
5 References
6 External links
Cast[edit]
Alejandro de la Madrid as José José
María Fernanda Yepes/Alpha Acosta as Anel[3]
Itatí Cantoral as Natalia "Kiki" Herrera[4]
Rosa María Bianchi as Margarita Ortiz
Damián Alcázar as José Sosa Esquivel[5]
Danna Paola as Lucero[3]
Ana Ofelia Murguía as Carmelita
Juan Carlos Colombo as Carlos Herrera Calles
Raquel Pankowsky
Carlos Bonavides as Don Manuel Gómez[4]
Silvia Mariscal
Jorge Jimenez as Abel Solares[4]
Carlos Athié as Pedro Salas[4]
Manuel Balbi as Nacho
Gonzalo Vega Jr. as José José (young)
Mauricio Isaac as Chumo
Axel Arenas as Gonzalo Sosa[4]
Sylvia Sáenz as La Güera
Yunuen Pardo as Mili Graf
José Angel Bichir as Manuel Noreña Grass[4]
Pedro de Tavira as Alfonso Lira
Ricardo Polanco as La Jorja[4]
Alejandro Calva as Toño Camacho
Ariana Ron Pedrique as Laurita[4]
José María Galeano[6]
Gabriel Navarro as Jorge Landa
Fernanda Echeverria
Yolanda Abbud as La Negra
Malillany Marín as Sara Salazar[4]
Ana Layevska as Christian Bach[7]
Production[edit]
Background[edit]
The pre-production of the series was confirmed in 2012 under the title of Nace un ídolo,[8] but 5 years later it was confirmed through a Telemundo press conference for the 2017-2018 television season.[9]
Promotion[edit]
The first teaser of the series was shown for the first time in August 2017,[10] while the complete advance of the series was launched on Telemundo on 19 December 2017, during the broadcast of the fourth season of Señora Acero,[11] during that same time, it was also revealed that will air on Telemundo on 15 January 2018.[12] The first three episodes were released online on 1 January 2018.[13]
Ratings[edit]
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 Mon–Fri 8pm/7c 57[Note 1] 15 January 2018 (2018-01-15) 1.48[14] 6 April 2018 (2018-04-06)[15] 0.89[16] 1.00
Notes
Jump up ^ Should reflect the number of episodes that contribute to the average given in the last column.
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title [17]
Original air date
US viewers
(millions)
1
"Persiguiendo la nave del éxito" 15 January 2018 (2018-01-15) 1.48[14]
A humble boy, whose only value was his voice, knew that by recording 'La Nave del Olvido' he would be able to show the world his talent. This is how José José emerged, a prince full of internal demons.
2
"1970, ganar y perder" 16 January 2018 (2018-01-16) N/A
José loses the first place of the festival, but manages to capture the attention of the public. At the same time, his brother is jealous of his success. Lucero can not cope with the fame of José José.
3
"Un lucero que se apaga" 17 January 2018 (2018-01-17) 1.33[18]
Lucero realizes that his dreams and those of José are different. Anel wants to meet José at any cost, while he gets a tour to go to the United States. Kiki lives it partying.
4
"Disco de oro" 18 January 2018 (2018-01-18) 1.31[19]
José José receives the gold disc, from Anel in Los Angeles. She gets in Pepe's eyes, although his heart is with Lucero. Lucero has a scholarship to go to London and that distance them.
5
"Enredos amorosos" 19 January 2018 (2018-01-19) 1.16[20]
José José and Kiki coincide in Caracas. Too many glasses of wine provoke a compromising situation. Anel is enraged when she sees the photo in the newspaper. Pepe was happy for one night and Lucero finds out.
6
"Detrás del ídolo" 22 January 2018 (2018-01-22) 1.15[21]
Anel is disappointed with Pepe, but takes a new impulse and goes to see him in Puerto Rico. Lucero's stomach turns jealous. Kiki does witchcraft on Pepe to catch him in love.
7
"Amor embrujado" 23 January 2018 (2018-01-23) 1.06[22]
Kiki looks for the dark side of Anel to put her in evidence and move her away from Pepe. Lucero, grateful to Margarita, announces that she is leaving. El Chumo is confessed by the demon of alcohol.
8
"El carácter se impone" 24 January 2018 (2018-01-24) 1.25[23]
The opportunity to sing live on national television, fades. José José makes his debut at El Patio and the three women attend the event. The singer recognizes Lucero as his source of inspiration.
9
"El sabor de la fama" 25 January 2018 (2018-01-25) 1.10[24]
As a singer, José José already earns enough money to buy a house for his family. Two roads open to world fame: TV and the next album in the cinema. Kiki gets away with it.
10
"Reencuentros peligrosos" 26 January 2018 (2018-01-26) 0.99[25]
At a reception with the cream of Mexico, where Anel attends, there are provocations. José José apologizes, knowing more about his past. Minerva cheats on Gonzalo. Kiki lies to her ex.
11
"Vuela por el mundo" 29 January 2018 (2018-01-29) 1.14[26]
José José smells alcohol and Margarita detects it. He and Chumo fly to Miami and start the international tour. Already on the plane, both drink, but one gets drunk. Minerva steals Margarita.
12
"La enfermedad de Chumo" 30 January 2018 (2018-01-30) 1.14[27]
Raúl Ortíz, El Chumo, gives his word to the Virgin of Guadalupe: not to drink for 12 months. But he breaks his promise and El Pelón makes him pay the consequences. José José feels guilty.
13
"Impulso del corazón" 31 January 2018 (2018-01-31) 1.18[28]
The forced disappearance of José José causes a crisis in the relationship with Kiki. He makes a decision that will affect him for life. El Pelón, is about to cancel his last show in Panama.
14
"Chantaje" 1 February 2018 (2018-02-01) 1.01[29]
The journalist Lira warns José José that someone seeks to destroy Kiki's reputation. To avoid it, she asks for money. The singer plays another card. They send a check to Margarita.
15
"Primero en las listas" 2 February 2018 (2018-02-02) 0.86[30]
José José leads the tuning lists. He confronts Don Carlos Herrera and hands him the broken check in a thousand pieces. Kiki is expelled from her home. Minerva pays to lie about her pregnancy.
16
"El desplante" 5 February 2018 (2018-02-05) 0.99[31]
José José surprises Kiki with Javier and becomes jealous. She gives him a pipe that could become an uncontrollable demon. On the day of the wedding, Lira has very bad news to publish.
17
"La boda de José y Kiki" 6 February 2018 (2018-02-06) 1.07[32]
With very few guests, José José and Kiki swear eternal love. At the record company they are happy for the payment of the exclusive photos of the couple, but someone leaks information to the fan club.
18
"Finanzas en rojo" 7 February 2018 (2018-02-07) 0.95[33]
The diversion of funds brings economic consequences to José José. Kiki decides to interrupt the honeymoon. She reveals that she suffers from epilepsy and takes pills, to avoid attacks.
19
"A José José lo estafan" 8 February 2018 (2018-02-08) 1.00[34]
Pedro Salas and José José face El Pelón with the evidence in their hands. The star of the song stops being a promise and becomes a mentor to other singers.
20
"José José despide a su mánager" 9 February 2018 (2018-02-09) 0.87[35]
José José fires "El Pelón", Esparza. They offer El Chumo to be the promoter of the radio. The Sosa's eat dinner for the first time with the Herrera's. José José causes a stir with the signing of autographs.
21
"Las adicciones de Kiki" 12 February 2018 (2018-02-12) 1.06[36]
José José deals with Kiki's addictions and tantrums, and as a confirmed romantic, he goes ahead with his marriage. Anel leaves Jorge and thinks about José José.
22
"José José en la quiebra" 13 February 2018 (2018-02-13) 1.00[37]
José José discovers that El Pelón stole a million dollars and there is no way to recover the money. Kiki could lose her children, Don Carlos will fight for his custody.
23
"Kiki repudiada por fans" 14 February 2018 (2018-02-14) 1.03[38]
Kiki, worried about her husband, goes to the hospital where her sister-in-law is hospitalized, but a group of José José's fans prevents her from arriving. The life of Minerva and her baby hang by a thread.
24
"El Chumo tiene un accidente" 15 February 2018 (2018-02-15) N/A
José José is very concerned about his soul friend, El Chumo and does not want to travel. Kiki feels displaced and reproaches not to be the priority of marriage. Chumo has an accident.
25
"José José rinde tributo al Chumo" 16 February 2018 (2018-02-16) N/A
José José pays homage to his soul friend, who dies after losing control of the car and falling down a ravine. A new fight between José José and Kiki puts the marriage in check.
26
"Anel seduce a José José" 19 February 2018 (2018-02-19) 1.11[39]
Anel takes the opportunity to flirt with El Príncipe De La Canción who is having a terrible time with his wife Kiki.
27
"Kiki denuncia a José José" 20 February 2018 (2018-02-20) 1.04[40]
Kiki, hurt, stains the image of José José before the press. She complains that his ex is an alcoholic, a womanizer and does not like responsibilities. Kiki prepares a claim for abandonment of home.
28
"Anel se aumenta los senos" 21 February 2018 (2018-02-21) 1.15[41]
Like other actresses, Anel undergoes surgery to advance in her career and conquer the heart of José José. The Mexican singer collapses and is taken to the hospital in an emergency.
29
"José José vuelve con Anel" 22 February 2018 (2018-02-22) 0.85[42]
Anel visits José José in the hospital and the flame of passion among them is revived. He gets pampered and moves to Anel's house.
30
"Anel deja todo por José José" 23 February 2018 (2018-02-23) 0.90[43]
While José José and Anel fully live their romance, the singer suffers a strong pain in his chest that puts him on alert and the actress cancels all their commitments to devote to take care of him.
31
"José José se derrite por Anel" 26 February 2018 (2018-02-26) 1.08[44]
José José thanks Anel for her time, love and care. Now that he requires a lot of rehabilitation, discipline and zero excesses, the singer returns to the actress' house. Fanny is his representative.
32
"José José se desconcentra" 27 February 2018 (2018-02-27) 0.96[45]
José José and Anel go to the recording of the musical TV show Ossart. The singer worried about not being fully recovered, decides to make his first "playback", but not everything goes well.
33
"José José pierde el control" 28 February 2018 (2018-02-28) 0.98[46]
José José becomes angry with Anel when he finds out that he took medication against his addiction to alcohol, without his knowledge, in the shakes. Kiki smashes her ex on the radio.
34
"Anel sorprende a José José" 1 March 2018 (2018-03-01) 0.87[47]
Anel captures Pepe in fraganti. She is not jealous or upset with him. Kiki will destroy her rival, Anel for prostitute. José José's tour serves smuggling in the US and the border.
35
"José José internado por adicto" 2 March 2018 (2018-03-02) 1.02[48]
El príncipe de la canción no longer controls his addictions and takes him to a rehabilitation clinic. Anel crashes and José José must pay, which generates a discussion. Anel throws him out of his house.
36
"José José y Anel se separan" 5 March 2018 (2018-03-05) 0.99[49]
El príncipe de la canción and Anel decide to separate for the sake of the two, but before they make love. José José arouses Frank Sinatra's interest in recording an album, thanks to Anel.
37
"José José y Kiki se divorcian" 6 March 2018 (2018-03-06) 1.05[50]
El príncipe de la canción and his ex make a pact. The actress grants him a divorce and he is committed to promoting his career in the music industry. José José will not record with Frank Sinatra.
38
"José José quiere hijo de Anel" 7 March 2018 (2018-03-07) 1.02[51]
Anel recognizes that he went to Los Angeles to forget José José, but she did not succeed. El príncipe de la canción proposes to have a child. Kiki, although novice, is a pretentious singer.
39
"José José y Anel serán padres" 8 March 2018 (2018-03-08) 0.98[52]
Anel is pregnant and for her son, she is clean of drugs and alcohol. José José keeps coming drunk. Margarita, will be grandmother twice. Alicia and Gonzalo also expect a son.
40
"José José se casará con Anel" 9 March 2018 (2018-03-09) 0.85[53]
El príncipe de la canción surprises Anel and gives the engagement ring to the mother of his son, Pepito, a strong and healthy newborn.
41
"José y Anel, marido y mujer" 12 March 2018 (2018-03-12) 0.87[54]
In full marriage, Fanny demands separation of goods and Anel is filled with anger. El príncipe de la canción intercedes and the marriage becomes a reality. José José discovers that Anel uses drugs.
42
"Guerra por José José" 13 March 2018 (2018-03-13) 0.87[55]
El príncipe de la canción leaves his label of so many years and signs with Arroyo. The distribution of his first disc fails. Nora threatens Pedro for wanting to end José's career.
43
"José José lucha por su vida" 14 March 2018 (2018-03-14) 0.89[56]
José José loses control with alcohol and suffers a pre-hepatic coma. To save his life, they inject adrenaline against the doctor's opinion. The artist will receive a platinum album.
44
"Anel es mánager de José José" 15 March 2018 (2018-03-15) 0.94[57]
Anel displaces Fanny and manages a tour in Central America. José José accepts, but financial failure arrives. Juan Gabriel writes a musical theme for El príncipe de la canción.
45
"José José y Anel son infelices" 16 March 2018 (2018-03-16) 0.88[58]
El príncipe de la canción does not support Anel's bad habits. A new daughter arrives, Marisol. His career is on the cusp: he receives a gold record.
46
"José José fracasa en el amor" 19 March 2018 (2018-03-19) 0.96[59]
The success continues in the sales of the discs of el príncipe de la canción, but his relation with Anel hits bottom. The composer Manuel Alejandro is inspired by his pain to write his songs.
47
"Anel usa anfetaminas" 20 March 2018 (2018-03-20) 1.02[60]
Anel injects amphetamines under the pretext of losing weight and thus reconquer her husband. Jose puts his eyes on another woman. For the artist, his wife is an insurmountable problem.
48
"Anel trama robarle a José José" 21 March 2018 (2018-03-21) 0.98[61]
Manolo convinces his sister Anel to move part of José José's money to her personal account in the face of the threat of divorce. The singer has a meeting with his great idol, Frank Sinatra.
49
"Peligra la vida de José José" 22 March 2018 (2018-03-22) 0.93[62]
The singer collapses from exhaustion on his tour, he has no funds to pay for a doctor or a plane ticket. Hacienda sends an audit notice to José. Anel learns that Kiki died.
50
"José José descubre a su cuñado" 23 March 2018 (2018-03-23) 0.84[63]
José José finds out that his brother-in-law, Manolo, is stealing from him. The singer starts his movie "Gavilán o Paloma" and signs a contract with mobster Frenk. José suffers for the death of Kiki.
51
"Manolo juega sucio con Abel" 26 March 2018 (2018-03-26) 1.00[64]
Manolo takes revenge on Abel for having betrayed him. He puts money in José's medicine cabinet and then accuses him of stealing $14,000. Anel hires a private detective.
52
"Manolo es desenmascarado" 27 March 2018 (2018-03-27) 0.96[65]
José discovers that his brother-in-law does business behind his back, rents his equipment for a million dollars and lives the good life at his expense. José demands an audit.
53
"José José sobrevive a un sismo" 28 March 2018 (2018-03-28) 1.04[66]
El príncipe de la canción is devastated, after living the strong earthquake that shook the city of Mexico, leaving thousands dead. Manolo gets rid of the incriminating evidence.
54
"José José cae en una depresión" 29 March 2018 (2018-03-29) 0.84[67]
El príncipe de la canción, cornered by debts and exploited by his brother-in-law, is alone and ill. His only refuge is alcohol again. He arrives in the United States to make his way.
55
"José José arriesga su voz" 30 March 2018 (2018-03-30) 0.66[68]
A specialist diagnoses that el príncipe de la canción has nodules in the throat and in spite of his condition, the brothers Noreña demand a concert from him, putting in danger his career.
56
"Anel exige el divorcio a José" 2 April 2018 (2018-04-02) 0.94[69]
José José dismisses Manolo and he suggests Anel leave her husband, so that she receives a pension. When the artist arrives at his house, she gives him the document and closes the door in his face.
57
"José José vive en la calle" 3 April 2018 (2018-04-03) 0.84[70]
Anel leaves José without a dime and to forget his sorrows, the artist drowns in alcohol, makes a fool of himself in his surprise tribute, for his 30 years of career and decides to live in the street.
58
"José José conoce a Sara" 4 April 2018 (2018-04-04) 0.93[71]
The singer lives the most painful stage of his life; he even plays Russian Roulette. But fate puts Sara Salazar on his way, when he goes to Miami to recover his finances.
59
"José José se recupera con amor" 5 April 2018 (2018-04-05) 1.00[72]
Sarita is the engine of José José to resume his life and career, away from alcohol. The singer begins to recover in a health center. Anel, jealous, publicly commits to defame her.
60
"José entre éxitos y excesos" 6 April 2018 (2018-04-06) 0.89[16]
After suffering ups and downs with alcohol, drugs and financial problems, José José becomes an icon of Latin music. The singer shares his maturity with Sara and their daughter, Sarita.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Telemundo producirá serie de la vida de José José". mundohispanico.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Netflix estrena otra bioserie: José José de Telemundo". todotvnews.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b González, Moisés. "María Fernanda Yepes, 'la diabla' original, regresa a Telemundo". peopleenespanol.com (in Spanish). People en Español. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Telemundo's Original Production "José José, El Principe De La Canción" Premieres Monday, January 15 at 8PM/7C". nbcumv.com. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "VÍDEO: Así promociona la Cadena Telemundo bioserie basada en la vida de José José". tvboricuausa.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Jump up ^ González, Moisés. "Danna García regresa al trabajo tras convertirse en mamá y otras 9 noticias de telenovela". peopleenespanol.com (in Spanish). People en Español. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ González, Moisés. "Ana Layevska regresa a Telemundo, Ariadne Díaz presume a su nuevo galán y más de telenovela". peopleenespanol.com (in Spanish). People en Español. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Nace Un Idolo: La vida del cantante 'Jose Jose' Se Vuelve Telenovela". novelalounge.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Telemundo presenta 'Nace un ídolo' basado en la vida de José José". telemundo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Presentan tráiler de José José, el príncipe de la canción". eluniversal.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "ESTA NOCHE durante #SraAcero4 no te pierdas un Adelanto Exclusivo de @JoseJoseTLMD, la serie sobre el Príncipe de la Canción. #JoseJose". twitter.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mira un Adelanto Exclusivo de @JoseJoseTLMD, mientras esperamos el estreno el lunes 15 de enero a las 8/7c por Telemundo. #JoseJose". twitter.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Zuniga, Daniela. "Publican primeros capítulos de la bioserie de José José". diariobasta.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b González, Moisés. "José José, El príncipe de la canción (Telemundo) versus El rico y lázaro (Univision), ¿quién ganó el primer duelo?". peopleenespanol.com (in Spanish). People En Español. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Jump up ^ González, Moisés. "María Fernanda Yepes, ¿regresa a Sin senos sí hay paraíso?". peopleenespanol.com (in Spanish). People en Español. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Pucci, Douglas. "Friday Final Ratings: The Masters Gets a Tiger Woods-Infused Boost for ESPN". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Acerca de José José, El Príncipe de la Canción". now.telemundo.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
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Jump up ^ González, Moisés. "Señora Acero se despide líder, pero baja respecto a la temporada pasada ¡y más audiencias de telenovela!". peopleenespanol.com (in Spanish). People en Español. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
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Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' Spring Premiere on NBC Grows from the Fall; Modest Start for 'Good Girls'". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Tuesday Final Ratings: NBC and CBS Return to Shared Leadership Post-Olympics". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Wednesday Final Ratings: CBS Leads All Key Prime Time Figures with 36th Season Premiere of 'Survivor'". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Thursday Final Ratings: CBS Leads Most Key Prime Time Figures; TGIT Provides ABC an Adults 18-34 Victory". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Friday Final Ratings: Fox Wins Prime Time Among Adults 18-49 and 18-34 with 'MasterChef Junior' Season Premiere". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Monday Final Ratings: 'Good Girls' on NBC and 'Living Biblically' on CBS Each Drop About 13 Percent Among Adults 18-49 in Second Telecasts". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' Special Lifts ABC to its Best Tuesday Adults 18-49 Delivery Since November 2016". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Wednesday Final Ratings: Soft Start for 'Life Sentence' on CW". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Thursday Final Ratings: Subpar Open for 'Champions' on NBC". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Friday Final Ratings: Duke-North Carolina ACC Semifinal on ESPN Leads All of Prime Time Among Young Adults and Males". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' on NBC Remains on Top Despite 'American Idol' Time Slot Premiere on ABC". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Rise' on NBC Squanders Most of 'This Is Us' Lead-In; 'For the People' Bows Low for ABC". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Wednesday Final Ratings: Arizona State-Syracuse on truTV Ranks as Third Most-Watched NCAA First Four Telecast To-Date". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Thursday Final Ratings: NCAA Tournament on CBS and Turner Sports Tops All Adult and Male Prime Time Demos". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Friday Final Ratings: UMBC's Historic NCAA Tournament Win Over Top-Seeded Virginia on TNT Leads Prime Time Among Young Adults". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' Propels NBC to Win All Prime Time Key Figures". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Rise' on NBC Retains Almost All of its Premiere Audience in Second Week and New Slot". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Wednesday Final Ratings: '9-1-1' on Fox Concludes Season with Seven-Week High Among Adults 18-49". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Station 19' on ABC Tops NBC's 'Chicago Fire' Among Adults 18-34 but Not Adults 18-49 Nor Adults 25-54". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Friday Final Ratings: NCAA Men's Sweet Sixteen Games Tops on Broadcast and Cable". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Good Doctor' on ABC Concludes its Successful Inaugural Season on Winning Note". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Tuesday Final Ratings: Massive Return for 'Roseanne' on ABC Outdraws its Last 12 Telecasts from 1997; Lead-Out 'black-ish' Benefits with its Most Viewers Since Series Premiere". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Wednesday Final Ratings: Fox Returns to Prime Time Demo Victory with 'Empire' and 'Star' Spring Premieres". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Douglas, Pucci. "Thursday Final Ratings: YES Network Delivers its Highest-Rated New York Yankees Season Opener in Seven Years". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Friday Final Ratings: Despite Overtimes, Women's NCAA Final Four Games on ESPN2 Dip to Second Least-Watched in Ten Years". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Monday Final Ratings: Villanova's Dominant Victory on Turner Sports Sinks Men's NCAA Basketball Championship to its Least-Viewed To-Date". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'The Middle' on ABC Boosted to 3-Year Highs Due to 'Roseanne' Lead-In". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Survivor' on CBS Leads in Total Viewers and Adults 25-54; 'Empire' on Fox Tops Among Young Adults". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Pucci, Douglas. "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Jersey Shore Family Vacation' Series Premiere on MTV Tops Prime Time Among Adults 18-34". programminginsider.com. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
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World of Ghost in the Shell
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Masamune Shirow's manga and anime series Ghost in the Shell takes place in a (post)cyberpunk version of Earth in the near future. The series focuses on Japan, but several other nations figure prominently in some stories. The world of Ghost in the Shell features significant advances in technology, the most significant of which is the cyberbrain, a mechanical casing for the human brain that allows mental interface with the Internet and other networks.
Contents
[hide]
1 Technology
1.1 Cyberbrains
1.1.1 Drawbacks
1.2 Cyborgs
1.3 Thermo-optical camouflage
1.4 Think tanks
2 Setting
2.1 Japan
2.1.1 Public security bureaus
2.2 American Empire
2.3 China
2.4 Korea
2.5 Mexico
2.6 Siak Republic
3 References
Technology[edit]
Cyberbrains[edit]
Fully encased cyberbrains revealed by deadly blunt impact, as seen in Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex
A cyberbrain (電脳, dennō) is a device in the fictional universe of Ghost in the Shell by Masamune Shirow (and also in Shirow's later work Real Drive) that acts as a self-contained module containing, protecting, and interfacing an artificially augmented brain. The "brain" includes the brain stem but excludes the eyes, optic nerves, and most of the spine. By being physically self-contained, the cyberbrain allows the artificially augmented brain inside to function or be physically stored inside a body, to be physically transferred between bodies, or to be temporarily stored or transported outside any body. Cyberbrain implants, in conjunction with micromachines, allow the brain to initiate and maintain a connection to computer networks or other individuals who also possess a cyberbrain. This capability results in a number of unforeseen psychosocial phenomena whose emergence is a major plot element of the various Ghost in the Shell stories.
The process of augmentation of the brain in this fashion is referred to in the series as "cyberization" (電脳化, dennōka). It is not necessary for a subject to undergo complete cyberization, acquiring a full-body prosthesis, to support the cyberized brain; an individual may choose to only have their brain cyberized. Cyberization is imagined to take three distinct forms:
Minimal cyberization, for the purposes of external memory and wireless communication, leaving the brain itself essentially identical to its biological form. Nano-scale interfaces are placed in the cerebellar region, permitting a pluggable interface, and allowing prosthetic parts to be upgraded. Physical improvements are limited to a very thin titanium shell around the cortex.
Partial cyberization, replacing larger parts of the cortex with nanotechnological interfaces and computational elements. However, the autonomic systems of the brain remain intact, which is necessary to retain the "ghost" (ゴースト, gōsuto) (the term used in the series to refer to the soul).
Full cyberization, in some extreme cases of disease or accident, in which as much as 97.5% of the original brain is replaced with artificial elements.
Drawbacks[edit]
In the series, "super-class-A hackers" are able to take over people's cyberbrains, to the extent that they can alter memories or "steal eyes", altering the victim's sensory input. The Laughing Man character was able to alter the vision of an entire crowd and superimpose his logo over his face to disguise his identity. "Ghost hacking" (ゴーストハック, Gōsuto hakku) is a criminal technique wherein the victim's entire memory is replaced with false memories. This is notably used in the series by the "Puppet Master" in the first Ghost in the Shell film. "Cyberbrain hijacking" involves the replacement of a victim's cyberbrain with the criminal's own, while the same criminal retains another body in storage. Alternatively, a criminal may choose to place their cyberbrain into a copy of the victim's body, and then impersonate the victim. Both of these methods were portrayed in the episode Face.
In the series, Closed Shell Syndrome (閉殻症, heikakushō) is a form of cyberbrain-induced reclusiveness, occurring when users of cyberbrain technology shut themselves off from the outside world to avoid harming others or themselves. It can also be a psychological barrier induced by the subconscious to protect the ego from being overwhelmed by the depth and connective nature of the Internet. CSS patients have the appearance of savants with extremely high computer skills.
Cyberbrain sclerosis (電脳硬化症, dennōkōkashō) is a disease characterized by a hardening of the brain tissues precipitated by the cyberization process. It is described as being that century's cancer or tuberculosis. Cyberbrain sclerosis is described as being extremely rare, enough so that it doesn't deter most people from being cyberized, but it is incurable once diagnosed. In Stand Alone Complex, cyberbrain sclerosis patients are used by large corporations as guinea pigs in the development of micromachine (マイクロマシン, maikuromashin) technology, while the Murai vaccine (村井ワクチン, Murai wakuchin) for cyberbrain sclerosis is withheld from the public by those corporations via their political power - yet still being available to corporate executives and celebrities. This proves to be the explanation of the original "Laughing Man Incident", in which the Laughing Man kidnapped the head of Serano Genomics, a micromachine manufacturer, in an attempt to persuade him to reveal the depth of the corruption within the political and medical community over the vaccine.
Cyborgs[edit]
In Ghost in the Shell, a "cyborg" (サイボーグ, saibōgu) is a human who has had full-body cyberization (義体化, gitaika), possessing a partly or entirely prosthetic body which has parts that can be exchanged or replaced when damaged. Cyborgs do not eat normal food; rather, they eat special processed protein bars which provide nutrients for their remaining organic parts. This "food" does not taste good to those who still have organic taste buds due to an inability to manipulate taste input cybernetically. The most heavily cyberized individuals, such as Major Kusanagi, have only their soul or "ghost" remaining as proof of their humanity - even their physical brains are made of synthetic materials. As Kusanagi muses in the original film, she doesn't even have tangible physical proof of even being human anymore.
Thermo-optical camouflage[edit]
Major Kusanagi with an active thermo-optical camouflage
An important technology used in the series is thermo-optical camouflage (光学迷彩, kōgaku meisai). Members of Section 9 as well as their Tachikoma tanks have the ability to activate a special camouflage technology which enables them to blend in with the environment, making them near-invisible across all visible spectrum and thermal imaging. It is an active stealth system which projects ambient conditions of the opposing side, thus rendering the masked object transparent by transmission. The system is not perfect, as it seems unable to compensate for sudden changes and physical impacts and not impervious to close observation. It also has difficulty working in rain or if walking through shallow water. A faint translucent distortion is shown as the limitations of the technology. In the legal landscape of the series, usage of the technology without a warrant is heavily restricted. The use of this technology by Section 9 is the exception, and not the norm - further highlighting their extraordinary legal standing.
In the Stand Alone Complex alternate timeline, however, this technology seems to have been perfected and is capable of operating in highly illuminated environment, as evidenced in the episode "Android and I". The visual distortions are therefore purely for the benefit of the viewers.
There is present-day research into the active optic camouflage at the University of Tokyo inspired by the technology's fictional portrayal in the series.[1]
Think tanks[edit]
For more information, see Tachikoma.
Think tanks are robotic weapons platforms that make use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance their abilities. In the Japanese version, they are officially referred to as "multi-legged tanks" (多脚戦車, Takyakusensha), but they are more commonly referred to as "think tanks" (思考戦車, Shinku, the kanji are read as "Think" rather than Shikōsensha). The most prominent think tanks are those used by Section 9 in its various incarnations, including the Fuchikoma (フチコマ, original manga), Tachikoma (タチコマ, Stand Alone Complex), Uchikoma (ウチコマ, Solid State Society), and Logicoma (ロジコマ, Rojikoma, Arise). Section 9's think tanks are spider-like in appearance, having four walking legs, a pair of front-mounted manipulators, and a segmented body. The pilot sits in a posterior pod attached to the main body, but the tanks can operate independently using their AI.[2] The AI of the tanks exhibit learning algorithms to help them adapt to new situations and these experiences are synchronized among the tanks after each mission. Fuchikoma and Tachikoma AIs have childlike personalities and the latter's AI develop rapidly over the course of Stand Alone Complex, almost to the point of sentience and individuality. Uchikoma are seen at the end of 2nd GIG after the destruction of the satellite containing the Tachikoma AIs. Their AIs have been considerably limited, and their subsequent failure during a mission in Solid State Society leads to the return of the Tachikoma.
The think tanks in each series often exhibit a childlike demeanor. During the development of Stand Alone Complex, the creators had wanted to include Fuchikoma into the new series, but could not due to copyright issues.[3] Instead, they designed Tachikoma using Fuchikoma as inspiration.[4] There are several Tachikoma models seen in video, manga and after-market toys.[5][6][7] There is a brown one with a more squat rear end, a yellow "construction" version, as well as yellow and red "cyber" versions named Musashi (ムサシ) and Max (マックス, Makkusu).[8] A prototype Tachikoma is seen in the PSP Ghost in the Shell: Standalone Complex game. In Ghost in the Shell: Solid State Society, a 2006 anime television movie continuation of the anime series, the Tachikoma have their own names.[7]
Setting[edit]
Ghost in the Shell takes place on the cusp of the mid-21st century. World War III was a nuclear war primarily involving wealthy and powerful developed countries whose destruction resulted in fundamental changes in the global balance of power, as long-established national boundaries and concentrations of population were broken. World War IV was a non-nuclear war (also known as the Second Vietnam War) triggered by the ensuing collapse of many Third World states.
As a result of these wars the global geopolitical landscape has become heavily balkanized, with even formerly strong First World countries like the United States divided into smaller, less stable competitors. Civil wars and non-state revolutionary movements pose a constant security threat worldwide, and the millions of refugees displaced by the global tumult have become a major problem. The continuing advance of technology, particularly cyberization technology and the Internet, has also drastically increased the frequency of cyber-terrorism. The island nation of Japan emerged from these conflicts politically intact, and occupies a position of relative privilege.
Japan[edit]
Japan is a major world power, having gained equal footing with the descendant countries of the former United States. This status is very much the result of its scientific and technological prowess; in particular, it is currently the only country with access to "radiation scrubber" technology. Also known as the "Japanese Miracle" (日本の奇跡, Nihon no Kiseki), these nanomachines can eliminate nuclear fallout, although they must be distributed before a blast occurs to work effectively.
The Japanese economy is one of the world's strongest, and the Japanese as a whole enjoy a high standard of living. However, Japanese society is far from perfect.
The geography has since changed. The Kantō region has been destroyed by nuclear bombs in the nuclear World War III (in the original manga it is by an attack from the Ameri-Soviet Union, in S.A.C. it is China) as well as in the non-nuclear World War IV. The land that Tokyo, Yokohama, Kawasaki, and Yokosuka once stood on is gone, having been submerged due to crustal deformations from the bombings in the World Wars. The Kansai region has been left relatively unscathed. The Seto Inland Sea off the coast of Kobe has been reclaimed, with the land becoming the new city of Niihama, Niihama Prefecture (新浜県新浜市, Niihama-ken Niihama-shi), sometimes referred to as New Port City (ニューポートシティ, Nyū Pōto Shiti). Niihama briefly served as the provisional capital for Japan until the Prime Minister's offices and home were moved to Fukuoka. Niihama remains a population center, with Section 9's headquarters located in the city. It is connected to Kobe by the Niihama Bridge (新浜大橋, Niihama Ōhashi, replacing the real world Akashi Kaikyō Bridge). The island of Iturup has been returned to Japan, and it has become a bustling city; however its ambiguity in the international sphere has made it become a special economic zone where criminal organizations like to keep their headquarters. The Nemuro Peninsula has become occupied by foreign powers during the various wars. Japan plans on recapturing it through cyber warfare. In the Stand Alone Complex universe, the Tōhoku region is devastated, with the cities of Sendai and Niigata destroyed, remaining solely as craters from a nuclear bomb during World War III. Maizuru in Kyoto has also been destroyed, and the entirety of Okinawa Island has been submerged due to nuclear bombardment by China in World War III.
While the government of Japan is a parliamentary democracy, political corruption is an issue, often driven by the competition of corporate, military, and bureaucratic interests. These groups make use of considerable and indiscriminate surveillance and espionage.
The Self-Defence Forces continue to be legally bound by Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan. They, along with a variety of police organizations, help to maintain order, often via methods that greatly compromise individual and press freedoms.
The demographics of Japan have been shaken by the post-war influx of Asian refugees; their illegality confines them to ghettoes such as the one on Dejima, leaves them vulnerable to exploitation, encourages identity fraud and other crime, and leads to ethnic tensions. Their presence and status constitute a major national political issue.
The trade and abuse of illegal drugs, including "cyber-drugs", human trafficking, and other activities of Japanese Yakuza and Chinese organized crime syndicates also pose a threat to internal security.
Public security bureaus[edit]
Section
Description
Section 1 Also known as the Special Service Squad. It is responsible for conducting investigations on very serious criminal cases. Its jurisdiction is limited to Japan only,[9] supposedly under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs.[10]
Section 2 Controlled by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and is in charge of law-enforcement matters regarding unauthorized biomedical experiments taking place without MHLW authorization, as well as patent enforcement.[9]
Section 3 Has duties similar to those of the American DEA, enforcing drug policies within Japan.[9]
Section 4 A special-forces military unit on the JGSDF, also known as “The Rangers”.[9] It likely reports to the Minister of Defense. Its missions and capabilities are similar to present-day SOCOM; all its members have identical white cybernetic eyes. Section 4 re-emerged in the TV series during the Dejima Refugee Crisis in an operation to recover a nuclear warhead from members of Section 9. The conflict between the units ended when Batou revealed that he was once a Ranger himself, and both units returned the warhead to JGSDF. Unlike most modern Ranger units, the Rangers have female soldiers.[11]
Section 5 Unknown
Section 6 An Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance unit that first appeared in the original Ghost in the Shell manga and film, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs[9][10] known as the Treaty Council.[12] Due to maintenance and political concerns, members do not have cyberization/prosthetics like much of Section 9. Section 6 gained notoriety by becoming the first unit to effectively assassinate another member of Public Security during the end of the original Ghost in the Shell film. They were also responsible for guarding anything related to Project 2501.[12] They are in charge of gathering intelligence on international crime and terrorism.[10]
Section 7 Unknown
Section 8 Unknown
Section 9 Public Security Section 9 (公安9課, Kōan Kyūka), also referred to as Public Safety Section 9 in some translations, is a fictional intelligence department under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is an elite counter-terrorism unit specializing in cyber-warfare, as by the mid-21st century the line between the two has blurred, and most acts of terrorism involve cyber-fields to at least some degree. Section 9 is also often tasked with high-profile or politically sensitive responsibilities, such as guarding ambassadors (due to perceived threat of terrorism), etc. The public at large is unaware that Section 9 actually exists, though the Diet of Japan and other security sections are generally aware of them as a black ops unit. Section 9 is more of a police unit than a military one, though the overwhelming majority of its members have former military special ops backgrounds.[13] In the original movie, it's known as the Shell Squad or Security Police Section 9.[14] Its operatives are trained in various methods ranging from police investigations to cyber warfare, as their structure was based on the German GSG-9.[9] They had cross-training exercises in the past with the British SAS's 22nd Regiment.[15]
American Empire[edit]
Post-partition United States, as seen in Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG and Appleseed
The American Empire (米帝, Beitei, AE), also known as Imperial Americana, is a fictional country appearing in Masamune Shirow's anime and manga series' Ghost in the Shell and Appleseed, featuring most prominently in Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG. The AE exists from before 2020 and at least until 2147, and consists primarily of the American states that had formed the Confederate States of America, plus parts of the Great Plains and Southwest.[citation needed]
After the end of World War III, the United States is partitioned by an unspecified process into three rump states: the American Empire, the Russo-American Alliance (米露連合, Bei-Ro Rengō, in pre-1991 materials, the Ameri-Soviet Union (米ソ連合, Bei-So Rengō)), and the rump state United States of America (アメリカ合衆国, Amerika Gasshūkoku). The American Empire is the only successor state to play a major role in world politics. Its government seems driven by a desire to restore its diminished power and prestige, towards which end it adopts a policy of militarist aggression and open imperialism, directed primarily against Latin America.[citation needed]
Due to war damage inflicted on its economy and its weakened political position, the American Empire enters into a security pact with Japan, which had escaped World War III largely unscathed. One of the principal reasons the American Empire seeks the treaty is its desire to co-opt the "Japanese Miracle"; this technology makes the Ghost in the Shell universe's nuclear weaponry somewhat less apocalyptic in its implications than the real-world article, since the radioactive particulates created by an atomic event can be safely contained, reducing the weapons' deterrence potential.
The pact also reaffirms Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, thus helping to prevent Japanese superpower status.
China[edit]
In 1999, Beijing was destroyed by a massive meteor impact, causing the fall of the Communist Party of China. China and Taiwan have since reunited, and the unified China (中国, Chūgoku) is now a multi-party democracy with a higher degree of political and personal freedom than before.
Sino-Japanese relations remain strong throughout the series, as the nations have moved on from the differences of World War II. This pan-Asian rapprochement is a serious concern to the American Empire, which is engaged in a Second Cold War with China.
The world's largest economy, China is part of a trading bloc which includes most of Southeast Asia and India (the second-largest economy). Its considerable economic growth has not been of equal benefit to its citizens, and poverty is much in evidence; however, at least part of this can be attributed to the collateral damage of war.
In the Stand Alone Complex universe, China remains known as the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和国, Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku), and it is they who are the primary combatants against Japan in World War III. It is their bombings that destroy the cities of Tokyo, Sendai, Niigata, and Maizuru, as well as Okinawa Island.
Korea[edit]
In the original manga, North Korea and South Korea have reunited into a single Republic of Korea (大韓民国, Daikan Minkoku). Additionally, the American Army has set up a military base on reclaimed land.
However, in S.A.C. 2nd GIG, it is revealed that the Korean civil war has continued well through the fourth non-nuclear World War, with the United Nations' peacekeeping forces requesting assistance from the JSDF to help end a conflict.
Mexico[edit]
After the third and fourth World Wars, the American Empire was left militarily and economically devastated and in an effort to regain prestige as a major power engaged in open imperialism in Mexico and other parts of Latin America under the pretext of overthrowing the corrupt governments of those nations. In the late 2020s, the American Empire invaded and occupied much of Mexico; the invading forces used psychological warfare and intimidation techniques such as killing women in smaller villages and torturing prisoners in an attempt to break the spirit of the Mexican resistance. This was compounded by a relentless carpet bombing campaign against major cities and a nuclear weapons strike on Monterrey. Large groups of American, British, and Japanese mechanized infantry and armored divisions were then sent in to mop up all remaining Mexican forces, which led to extended bouts of tank-to-tank fighting and constant guerrilla warfare which lasted for months.
While the American Empire was initially successful in its campaign and occupied large parts of northern Mexico, they were unable to move further into the country and suffered massive casualties at the hands of both the Mexican military and mercenary forces hired by the Mexican government. Eventually the American-led coalition was forced to withdraw and as a result the American Empire's prestige further deteriorated and it lost much of the goodwill of the international community.
It is not specified what happened to the Mexican state after the war but it is known that it claimed victory over the American Empire and later expanded to absorb the countries of Central America.
Serano Genomics (セラノゲノミクス, Serano Genomikusu), a major manufacturer of cybernetics, electronics and medical technology featured prominently in the series, is based in Mexico; it is the fourth largest company in the world, boasts offices in the Netherlands, Germany, and Japan and is powerful enough to exert influence over the Japanese government, suggesting that Mexico has become a major technological and economic power. It is part of a single large trading block comprising all of South and Central America.
Siak Republic[edit]
The Siak Republic (シアク共和国, Shiaku Kyōwakoku) is a fictional state in the Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex universe, referred to in the latest film, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Solid State Society.
The Siak Republic is presumed to occupy the present territory of the Republic of Singapore and the surrounding territory of Riau, Indonesia. At some point within this fictional universe these territories must have merged to become a new state, adopting the system of government of the old Singaporean republic. The name is derived from the Siak Regency[16] of Riau. At some point before the film, the Siak Republic's ruling regime, led by General Ka Rum, was deposed, and Ka Rum lived in exile in Japan.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://projects.star.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/projects/MEDIA/xv/oc.html
Jump up ^ Masamune Shirow (w, a). Ghost in the Shell (1991), Titan Books
Jump up ^ Ghost in the Shell - Characters. Retrieved on September 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ Shirow, Masamune & Kodansha (2002–2005). Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Official Log 1. Kodansha. p. 104. ISBN 1-59409-571-X.
Jump up ^ Ghost in the Shell (video game) (PS1 video game). Sony Computer Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG (DVD).
^ Jump up to: a b Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Solid State Society (DVD).
Jump up ^ Masamune Shirow (w, a). Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface (2003), Dark Horse Comics, Inc
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ghost in the Shell -- Japan. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c GITS Mythology. Retrieved on September 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ "To the Other Side of Paradise – THIS SIDE OF JUSTICE". Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex. Season 2. Episode 25. 2005-01-08. Animax.
^ Jump up to: a b Midnight Animation's Public Security Section 6 Page. Retrieved on September 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Sunset in the Lonely City – ANNIHILATION". Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex. Season 1. Episode 24. 2003-03-11. Animax.
Jump up ^ Midnight Animation's Public Security Section 9 Page. Retrieved on September 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ Stand Alone Complex Visual Book 1, page 14.
Jump up ^ Siak
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