text:
Aaron Judge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Aaron Judge
Judge with the Yankees in 2017
New York Yankees – No. 99
Right fielder
Born: (1992-04-26) April 26, 1992 (age 25)
Linden, California
Bats: Right Throws: Right
MLB debut
August 13, 2016, for the New York Yankees
MLB statistics
(through September 27, 2017)
Batting average
.269
Hits
165
Home runs
54
Runs batted in
119
Teams
New York Yankees (2016–present)
Career highlights and awards
All-Star (2017)
Home Run Derby champion (2017)
3× AL Rookie of the Month (April–June 2017)
Aaron James Judge (born April 26, 1992) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). Judge played college baseball at Fresno State.
The Yankees selected Judge in the first round of the 2013 MLB draft. After making his MLB debut in 2016 and hitting a home run in his first career at bat, Judge has had a record-breaking rookie year in 2017. He was named an All-Star and won the Home Run Derby. He broke the Yankees' record for home runs by a rookie (besting Joe DiMaggio's 29 with 30 before the All-Star break), while also breaking the MLB rookie record of reaching base 164 times before the All-Star break. He won the American League's (AL) Rookie of the Month Awards for April, May, and June 2017, as well as the AL's Player of the Month Award in June. Judge set a new MLB rookie record for home runs, surpassing Mark McGwire's total of 49.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and amateur career
2 Professional career
2.1 Minor leagues
2.2 New York Yankees
2.2.1 2016
2.2.2 2017: All-Star season
2.3 New York Yankees franchise records
2.4 MLB records
3 Uniform
4 Player profile
5 Personal life
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Early life and amateur career
Judge was born and raised in Linden, California and was adopted the day after he was born by Patty and Wayne Judge, who both worked as teachers. When he was 10 years old, his parents told him that he was adopted; he recalls, "I knew I didn't look like them."[1] He telephones his parents every day.[1] He has an older brother, John, who was also adopted.[2]
Judge attended Linden High School, where he was a three-sport star. He played as a pitcher and first baseman for the baseball team, a wide receiver for the football team, and as a center for the basketball team. He set a school record for touchdowns (17) in football and led the team in points per game (18.2) in basketball. In baseball, he was part of the Linden High School team that made the California Interscholastic Federation Division III playoffs.[3][4]
Various colleges recruited Judge to play tight end in football, including Notre Dame, Stanford, and UCLA, but he preferred baseball. The Oakland Athletics selected him in the 31st round of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft, but he opted to enroll at California State University, Fresno (Fresno State), to play for the Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). Louisville Slugger named him a Freshman All-American. He won the 2012 TD Ameritrade College Home Run Derby.[5] In his junior year, Judge led the Bulldogs in home runs, doubles, and runs batted in (RBIs).[6] Judge was named to the all-conference team in all three of his seasons for the Bulldogs—in the WAC in his first two seasons, and the Mountain West Conference (MW) as a junior (the Bulldogs joined the MW in July 2012, between his sophomore and junior seasons).[6]
Professional career
Minor leagues
Judge during Yankees' spring training in 2015
The Yankees drafted Judge in the first round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft with the 32nd overall selection,[7][8] a pick the team received as compensation after losing Nick Swisher in free agency.[9] Judge signed with the Yankees, receiving a $1.8 million signing bonus.[10] He tore a quadriceps femoris muscle while participating in a base running drill, which kept him out of the 2013 season.[5][11] He made his professional debut with the Charleston RiverDogs of the Class A South Atlantic League in 2014.[5] He had a .333 batting average, .428 on-base percentage (OBP), .530 slugging percentage (SLG), and hit nine home runs with 45 RBIs in 65 games for Charleston. The Yankees promoted him to the Tampa Yankees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League during the season, where he hit .283 with a .411 OBP, .442 SLG, eight home runs, and 33 RBIs in 66 games for Tampa.[6]
The Yankees invited Judge to spring training as a non-roster player in 2015.[12] Judge began the 2015 season with the Trenton Thunder of the Class AA Eastern League.[13] After Judge batted .284 with a .350 OBP and 12 home runs in 63 games for Trenton, the Yankees promoted Judge to the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders of the Class AAA International League in June.[14] He was chosen to represent the Yankees at the 2015 All-Star Futures Game.[15] The Yankees decided not to include Judge in their September call-ups.[16] Judge batted .224 with eight home runs in 61 games for Scranton/Wilkes-Barre.[17] The Yankees invited Judge to spring training in 2016, and he began the season with Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. Judge was named to the International League All-Star Team in 2016, but did not play in the 2016 Triple-A All-Star Game after he spent on a month of the disabled list due to a knee sprain.[18][19] In 93 games for the RailRiders, Judge had a .270 batting average, 19 home runs, and 65 RBIs.[20]
New York Yankees
2016
Judge batting in 2016
Judge made his MLB debut on August 13, 2016, starting in right field against the Tampa Bay Rays.[21] In his first at-bat, Judge hit a home run off Matt Andriese; the previous batter, Tyler Austin, also making his MLB debut, had done the same. This marked the first time that two teammates had hit home runs in their first career at bats in the same game.[22] Judge also hit a home run in his second MLB game, becoming the second Yankees player to do so, after Joe Lefebvre in 1980.[23] Judge's debut season, in which he batted .179 and struck out 42 times in 84 at-bats (95 plate appearances), ended prematurely when he was placed on the 15-day disabled list with a grade 2 right oblique strain on September 13, 2016 against the Los Angeles Dodgers.[24]
2017: All-Star season
The Yankees named Judge their right fielder for Opening Day against the Tampa Bay Rays.[25] He had his first multi-home run game on April 28 against the Baltimore Orioles to help the Yankees win 14–11, coming back from a 9–1 deficit.[26] One of the home runs had a measured exit velocity of 119.4 miles per hour (192.2 km/h), the fastest exit velocity for a home run measured by Statcast since it was adopted in 2015.[27][28] Judge ended the month of April with 10 home runs, tying the rookie record set by José Abreu and Trevor Story.[29] He was named the American League's (AL) Rookie of the Month for April.[30] In April, he had a .303 batting average, 10 home runs, 20 RBIs, and a .411 OBP in 22 games.[31]
On May 3, Judge hit his 13th home run of the season, becoming the youngest player to hit 13 home runs within the first 26 games of a season.[32] The Yankees debuted a cheering section in the right-field seats of Yankee Stadium on May 22, called "The Judge's Chambers", three rows in section 104, containing 18 seats.[33][34] Fans are chosen by the team to sit there, and are outfitted with black robes, wigs, and foam gavels.[34][35] In a game against the Oakland Athletics on May 28, Judge hit his first career grand slam.[36] Judge was named AL Rookie of the Month once again for May. In May, he had a .347 batting average, seven home runs, 17 RBIs, and a .441 OBP in 26 games.[37]
On June 10, Judge hit a home run that had an exit velocity of 121.1 miles per hour (194.9 km/h), again setting a new record for the hardest ever measured by Statcast.[38] The following day, Judge went 4-for-4 with two home runs, one of which traveled 495 feet (151 m), which was the longest in MLB in the 2017 season.[39] On June 12, Judge was named the AL Player of the Week. His week ended with him leading the AL in all three Triple Crown categories.[40] Judge was named the AL Player of the Month for the month of June, batting .324 with 10 home runs, 25 RBIs and a .481 OBP. His performance in the month of June also earned him his third consecutive AL Rookie of the Month award, the longest streak since Mike Trout won four in a row in 2012.[41] Judge had a 32-game on-base streak, including reaching base in every game in the month of June.[42] On July 2, Judge was voted as a starting outfielder to the 2017 MLB All-Star Game, receiving 4,488,702 votes, the most out of any player in the AL.[43]
Judge broke Joe DiMaggio's record for most home runs hit in a Yankees' rookie season with his 30th on July 7.[44] He became the second rookie to hit 30 home runs before the All-Star break after Mark McGwire in 1987,[45] the first Yankee to do so since Alex Rodriguez in 2007[46] and the first player in baseball since Chris Davis and Miguel Cabrera in 2013.[47] Before the All-Star break, Judge hit .329 with 30 home runs and 66 RBIs.
Judge won the 2017 Home Run Derby, besting Minnesota Twins third baseman Miguel Sanó 11–10 in the final round to become the first rookie to ever win the Derby outright.[48] Judge hit four home runs over 500 feet, one of which travelled 513 feet, the farthest in the Derby.[49] After his performance, MLB commissioner Rob Manfred stated that Judge is a player "who can become the face of the game."[50] On July 21, Judge a hit a home run that almost travelled out of Safeco Field. The ball was hit so hard that Statcast could not measure the details on the home run.[51]
On July 27, Judge lost a portion of his front left tooth during a celebration circle after Brett Gardner hit a walk-off home run.[52][53] The next game, Judge hit his 33rd home run of the season, for 37 home runs total through his first 125 career games, third-most in MLB history.[54] On August 17, Judge hit a 457-foot home run at Citi Field that reached the third deck but also struck out in the game, which marked 33 consecutive games with a strikeout, breaking Adam Dunn's record for a position player.[55][56] On August 20, Judge tied pitcher Bill Stoneman's streak of striking out in 37 consecutive games.[57][58] Judge would break Curtis Granderson's record of 195 for most single-season strikeouts in Yankees history.[59]
On September 4, Judge became the first AL rookie to record 100 walks in a single season since Al Rosen (1950), and the first player in MLB to do it since Jim Gilliam (1953). During a game on September 10, Judge received his 107th walk, the most walks by a rookie in a season since Ted Williams in 1939.[60] During the same game, he also became the second rookie in MLB history to hit 40 home runs in a season since McGwire (1987).[61] He joined Babe Ruth (1920), Lou Gehrig (1927), Joe DiMaggio (1937) and Mickey Mantle (1956) as the only Yankees to hit 40 home runs in a season at age 25 or younger.[62] On September 20, Judge became the first player since José Bautista in 2010, and the first rookie, to record 100 runs, 45 home runs, 100 RBIs, and 100 walks in a single season.[63]
On September 25, Judge hit his 49th and 50th home runs, tying and surpassing Mark McGwire's single season rookie home run record.[64] With this historic achievement, Judge also took his first 'curtain call' at Yankee Stadium as the crowd called him out of the dugout to a standing ovation.
New York Yankees franchise records
Most home runs in a season by a rookie: 50 (Joe DiMaggio held the record with 29)[65]
Fifth Yankee to have 50 home runs in a single season. He joins Babe Ruth (54 in 1920, 59 in 1921, 60 in 1927, 54 in 1928), Mickey Mantle (52 in 1956, 54 in 1961), Roger Maris (61 in 1961), and Alex Rodriguez (54 in 2007).
First Yankee with at least 110 walks and 110 runs scored since Mickey Mantle in 1961 (126 walks, 131 runs).[66]
Second player in Yankees history to hit a home run in each of his first two games. (Joe Lefebvre was the first Yankee to do so in 1980).[67]
Holds the Yankees single season record for strikeouts with 199. (Passing Curtis Granderson's 195)[59]
27 home runs at Yankee Stadium in a single season.[68]
First right-handed hitter in Yankees history with at least 100 RBIs, 100 runs scored and 100 walks; in a single season
Eighth player in Yankees history with at least 100 runs, 100 RBIs and 100 walks in a season.[69]
Fourth rookie in franchise history with 100 RBIs in a season (joining Joe DiMaggio, Tony Lazzeri and Hideki Matsui).[70]
MLB records
Most home runs by a rookie, 50 (Mark McGwire held record with 49)[71]
Became the youngest player to hit 13 home runs within the first 26 games of a season.[72]
Measured exit velocity of 119.4 miles per hour (192.2 km/h), the fastest exit velocity for a home run measured by Statcast. (April 28, 2017)[73]
Measured exit velocity of 121.1 miles per hour (194.9 km/h), again setting a new record for the hardest ever measured by Statcast. (June 10, 2017)[74]
Second rookie to hit 30 home runs before the All-Star break after Mark McGwire (33 in 1987).[75]
Holds the MLB record for striking out in 37 consecutive games. (2017)[76]
Holds the MLB record for most strikeouts by a rookie with 201.
First rookie in MLB history with at least 45 home runs, 100 RBIs and 100 runs scored.[77]
Second rookie in MLB history with 100+ RBIs, 100+ runs scored and 100+ walks in a season. (Ted Williams is the other).[69]
Uniform
Judge has worn the unusual uniform number of 99 since it was given to him during 2016 spring training[78] (higher numbers are often given to young players who are not expected to make the regular-season team). Judge has stated he would prefer either No. 44 (retired by the Yankees to honor Reggie Jackson) or No. 35 (worn by Michael Pineda since 2014), but is not sure whether he would switch if the latter two were to become available.[78]
MLB along with the MLB Players Association, created Players Weekend to let players 'express themselves while connecting with their past in youth baseball'. From August 25-27, 2017, players wore alternate team jerseys inspired by youth league designs. They also had the option to replace their last names with their nicknames on their jersey nameplates, and the vast majority of players did so. Judge chose the nickname "All Rise" (given to him by teammate Todd Frazier) to be worn on the back of his jersey nameplate.[79]
Player profile
Judge is listed at 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) and 282 pounds (128 kg). Due to his large size and strength, he has elicited comparisons to Giancarlo Stanton, Richie Sexson,[80] Dave Winfield, and Willie Stargell.[6][2]
Personal life
Judge is a Christian and has posted about his faith on his Twitter account.[81] He keeps a note on his phone that reads ".179", his batting average with the Yankees in 2016, and looks at it daily as a source of motivation.[82] Judge appeared on the cover of the edition of May 15, 2017 of Sports Illustrated.[83] On May 15, 2017, he appeared on an episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon where he posed undercover to ask Yankee fans questions about himself.[84] Judge has earned praise for his humble personality and willingness to be a team player.[85]
See also
Baseball portal
50 home run club
References
^ Jump up to: a b "Klapisch: Yankees' Aaron Judge never forgot his roots". northjersey.com. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Kernan, Kevin (March 11, 2015). "‘Blessed’ Yankees prospect elicits Stargell, Stanton comps". New York Post. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Apstein, Stephanie (May 9, 2017). "Powerful Yankees slugger Aaron Judge stands out, but all he wants to do is blend in". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Braziller, Zach (May 6, 2017). "Where Aaron Judge comes from explains who he is". New York Post. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ballew, Bill (May 15, 2014). "SAL notes: Yanks' Judge advocates patience". MiLB.com. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Feinsand, Mark (March 7, 2015). "Yankees prospect Aaron Judge has a huge future in pinstripes". New York Daily News. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bulldogs' Judge takes College Home Run Derby title". Omaha.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "MLB draft: Fresno State's Aaron Judge looks like a first-round pick". Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge is making a powerful impression on the Yankees – FOX Sports". foxsports.com. May 4, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yanks come to terms with first-round pick Judge". New York Yankees. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Santasiere III, Alfred (February 23, 2016). "Feature on Prospect Aaron Judge – in the Spring Issue of Yankees Magazine". MLB.com / Yankees Magazine. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kuty, Brendan (February 5, 2015). "Yankees spring training: Aaron Judge, Luis Severino headline non-roster invitees". NJ.com. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge hits 3-run homer as Thunder open with win". trentonian.com. April 10, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge, Yankees' top position prospect, gets a hit in first Triple-A game". Newsday. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Prospects Aaron Judge and Gary Sanchez to represent Yankees in Futures Game". NJ.com. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ DiPietro, Lou (August 28, 2015). "Yankees' September call-ups will be 'all hands on deck' – except Aaron Judge: GM Brian Cashman confirms top prospect won't be in the Bronx on Sept. 1". YES Network. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kuty, Brendan (September 24, 2015). "Why Yankees prospect Aaron Judge struggled at Triple-A". NJ.com. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Triple-A All-Star Game Rosters | BaseballAmerica.com". BaseballAmerica.com. June 30, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge to come off DL in 4–5 days | Bronx Pinstripes | BronxPinstripes.com". bronxpinstripes.com. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mazzeo, Mike (August 13, 2016). "Yanks release Alex Rodriguez, promote Aaron Judge, Tyler Austin". Retrieved August 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Samuel, Ebenezer (August 13, 2016). "After A-Rod’s final game, Yankees call up Aaron Judge and bat him 8th vs. Rays". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Vorkunov, Mike (August 13, 2016). "Yankees’ Tyler Austin and Aaron Judge Hit Back-to-Back Homers in Debuts". The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kussoy, Howie (August 14, 2016). "Yankees’ Aaron Judge shows off power with encore Day 2 homer". New York Post. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Braziller, Zach; Kerber, Fred (September 14, 2016). "If Aaron Judge’s strange year is finished, he gets a thumbs up". New York Post. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hoch, Bryan. "Judge named Yanks' Opening Day right fielder". MLB. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yankees 14, Orioles 11: Judge, Castro, Holliday help Yankees come back from 9–1 deficit – River Avenue Blues". River Avenue Blues. April 28, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Davidoff, Ken (April 29, 2017). "The Aaron Judge craze hits stunning peak after stunning shot | New York Post". Nypost.com. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge continues destroying baseballs and Statcast records". yahoo.com. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hoch, Bryan (January 20, 2016). "Aaron Judge has big April with 10 homers | MLB.com". M.mlb.com. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mazzeo, Mike. "Aaron Judge wins AL Rookie of the Month after dominant April". NY Daily News. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge wins AL Rookie of the Month after dominant April". NY Daily News. May 3, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hoch, Bryan. "Aaron Judge's 13th HR a record for young sluggers". MLB. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Snyder, Matt (May 22, 2017). "LOOK: Yankee Stadium now has 'The Judge's Chambers' in right-field seats". CBS Sports. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Clair, Michael; Hoch, Bryan (May 23, 2017). "Aaron Judge now has very own Judge's Chambers section at Yankee Stadium". MLB.com. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schoenfield, David (May 26, 2017). "Every team needs a Judge's Chambers section, and here are some suggestions". ESPN. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lee, Jane; Martell, Matthew. "Yankees break out behind Aaron Judge's 1st slam". MLB. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge named AL Rookie of Month for May". Newsday. June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tasch, Justin. "VIDEO: Aaron Judge hits hardest home run ever recorded". NY Daily News. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hoch, Bryan. "Aaron Judge crushes a 495-foot HR". MLB. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Adler, David (June 12, 2017). "Triple Crown-leading Judge named AL POW: Yankees rookie earns distinction for 1st time in career". MLB.com. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yankees' Aaron Judge makes more history after a scorching June". NJ.com. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ III, George A. King (July 3, 2017). "Yankees finally get to splurge on international free agents". New York Post. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge Receives Most All-Star Votes For AL Players". www.fanragsports.com. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge hits 30th HR, breaks Joe DiMaggio’s mark for Yankees rookies". Boston.com. July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge hits 30th homer to break Joe DiMaggio's rookie record for Yankees". Los Angeles Times. July 7, 2017. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge obliterates Joe DiMaggio’s Yankees rookie home run record". Sporting News. July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yankees' Aaron Judge drops the gavel on Miguel Sano to win All-Star Home Run Derby". cleveland.com. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge puts on unbelievable show, wins 2017 Home Run Derby". Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "5 Home Run Derby moonshots that compare to Aaron Judge's 500-footers". For The Win. July 11, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wells, Adam. "Rob Manfred Says Aaron Judge Could Become the Face of MLB". Bleacher Report. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ruff, Rivea. "Aaron Judge Seems to Break Statcast with Ridiculous Home Run". Bleacher Report. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Walk-off celebration goes awry as Judge loses tooth in 6–5 victory over Rays". ESPN. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Martell, Matthew. "Aaron Judge OK, but tooth caper a hot topic". MLB. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge Reveals Safety Plan After Belting Another Homer". NY Post. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despite HR, Judge sets dubious strikeout mark". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
Jump up ^ Hoch, Bryan. "Aaron Judge hits 117-mph rocket into 3rd deck at Citi Field". MLB. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Judge whiffs again, extends streak to 37 games". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2017-08-21.
Jump up ^ Davidoff, Ken (2017-08-23). "Aaron Judge's strikeout streak ends with whiff of controversy". New York Post. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yankees Beat Orioles 8-2". NBC New York. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ Rapp, Timothy. "Aaron Judge Sets MLB Rookie Record for Most Walks in a Season". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ Perry, Dayn (September 10, 2017). "Yankees' Aaron Judge becomes second rookie to reach 40 home runs". CBSSports.com. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge hits 40th, 41st home runs, as Yankees crush Rangers". The Denver Post. 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
Jump up ^ Hoch, Bryan (September 20, 2017). "Yankees' Aaron Judge hits 45th home run". Major League Baseball. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Marchand, Andrew (September 25, 2017). "Aaron Judge bashes 49th and 50th to surpass Mark McGwire rookie record". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Joltin' Judge: Rookie tops DiMaggio HR mark". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ Sharp, Katie (14 September 2017). "Yankees with 110+ runs and 110+ walks in a season: Aaron Judge Mickey Mantle (6x) Lou Gehrig (5x) Babe Ruth (10x)". @ktsharp. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
Jump up ^ Writer, RONALD BLUM AP Baseball. "Yankees go from perennial to millennials". sandiegouniontribune.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge, Todd Frazier homer in Yankees' blowout win over Orioles". syracuse.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Aaron Judge keeps forcing his way into the record books". September 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ News, ABC. "Gregorius tops Jeter HR total, Yankees top Twins for sweep". ABC News. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge breaks Mark McGwire’s rookie home run record". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
Jump up ^ "WATCH: Yankees' Judge breaks a record as home-run binge continues". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ "Yankees' Aaron Judge sets exit velocity record". New York Yankees. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ Woo, Jeremy. "Watch: Judge HR sets Statcast-era exit velocity record". SI.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge obliterates Joe DiMaggio’s Yankees rookie home run record". Sporting News. 2017-07-08. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge's historic strikeout streak doesn't mean anything". For The Win. 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ "Yankees' Aaron Judge: Hits 45th home run". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yankees' Aaron Judge on wearing 99, not his favorite number". NJ.com. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nickname Jerseys Revealed". ESPN.com. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mercandetti, Vince. "Aaron Judge, Comparing Top Yankees Prospect to Other Players of his Stature". Retrieved May 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge on Twitter: "Happy Easter everyone! He is Risen!"". Twitter.com. April 16, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "From .179 to the All-Star Game: The climb of Aaron Judge". USA TODAY. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yankees' Aaron Judge latest highlight: Sports Illustrated cover man (PHOTO)". NJ.com. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge wore a disguise to interview Yankees fans on 'The Tonight Show'". Major League Baseball. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Judge’s high school coaches say he was always a humble star". NY Daily News. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aaron Judge.
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
Aaron Judge on Twitter
[show]
v
t
e
2013 Major League Baseball Draft First Round Selections
Mark Appel
Kris Bryant
Jon Gray
Kohl Stewart
Clint Frazier
Colin Moran
Trey Ball
Hunter Dozier
Austin Meadows
Phil Bickford
Dominic Smith
D. J. Peterson
Hunter Renfroe
Reese McGuire
Braden Shipley
J. P. Crawford
Tim Anderson
Chris Anderson
Marco Gonzales
Jonathon Crawford
Nick Ciuffo
Hunter Harvey
Chi Chi Gonzalez
Billy McKinney
Christian Arroyo
Eric Jagielo
Phillip Ervin
Rob Kaminsky
Ryne Stanek
Travis Demeritte
Jason Hursh
Aaron Judge
Ian Clarkin
[show]
v
t
e
New York Yankees first-round draft picks
1965: Burbach
1966: Lyttle
1967: Blomberg
1968: Munson
1969: Spikes
1970: Cheadle
1971: Whitfield
1972: McGregor
1973: Heinhold
1974: Sherrill
1975: McDonald
1976: Tabler
1977: S. Taylor
1978: Hudler, Winters, Ryder
1979: None
1980: None
1981: None
1982: None
1983: None
1984: Pries
1985: Balabon
1986: None
1987: None
1988: None
1989: None
1990: Everett
1991: B. Taylor
1992: Jeter
1993: Drews
1994: Buchanan
1995: Morenz
1996: Milton
1997: Godwin, Bradley
1998: Brown, Prior
1999: Walling
2000: Parrish
2001: Griffin, Sardinha, Skaggs
2002: None
2003: Duncan
2004: Hughes, Poterson, Marquez
2005: Henry
2006: Kennedy, Chamberlain
2007: Brackman
2008: Cole, Bleich
2009: Heathcott
2010: Culver
2011: Bichette
2012: Hensley
2013: Jagielo, Judge, Clarkin
2014: None
2015: Kaprielian, Holder
2016: Rutherford
2017: Schmidt
[show]
v
t
e
Home Run Derby champions
1985: Parker
1986: Joyner, Strawberry
1987: Dawson
1988: (canceled due to rain)
1989: Davis
1990: Sandberg
1991: Ripken Jr.
1992: McGwire
1993: J. González
1994: Griffey Jr.
1995: Thomas
1996: Bonds
1997: Martinez
1998: Griffey Jr.
1999: Griffey Jr.
2000: Sosa
2001: L. Gonzalez
2002: Giambi
2003: Anderson
2004: Tejada
2005: Abreu
2006: Howard
2007: Guerrero
2008: Morneau
2009: Fielder
2010: Ortiz
2011: Canó
2012: Fielder
2013: Céspedes
2014: Céspedes
2015: Frazier
2016: Stanton
2017: Judge
[show]
v
t
e
New York Yankees current roster
Active roster
11 Brett Gardner
12 Chase Headley
14 Starlin Castro
17 Matt Holliday
18 Didi Gregorius
19 Masahiro Tanaka
22 Jacoby Ellsbury
24 Gary Sánchez
26 Tyler Austin
27 Austin Romine
29 Todd Frazier
30 David Robertson
31 Aaron Hicks
33 Greg Bird
34 Jaime García
36 Erik Kratz
39 Tyler Wade
40 Luis Severino
45 Chasen Shreve
47 Jordan Montgomery
48 Tommy Kahnle
50 Giovanny Gallegos
52 CC Sabathia
54 Aroldis Chapman
55 Sonny Gray
57 Chad Green
61 Ben Heller
64 Domingo Germán
65 Jonathan Holder
66 Bryan Mitchell
67 Miguel Andújar
68 Dellin Betances
74 Ronald Torreyes
77 Clint Frazier
99 Aaron Judge
Inactive roster
64 Garrett Cooper
-- Ronald Herrera
-- Kyle Higashioka
Disabled list
35 Michael Pineda
41 Caleb Smith
43 Adam Warren
85 Luis Cessa
Coaching staff
Manager 28 Joe Girardi
Bench 59 Rob Thomson
First base 56 Tony Peña
Third base 53 Joe Espada
Hitting 62 Alan Cockrell
Pitching 58 Larry Rothschild
Bullpen 60 Mike Harkey
Assistant hitting 63 Marcus Thames
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Judge&oldid=802642147"
Categories:
1992 births
Living people
People from Linden, California
Baseball players from California
American adoptees
Major League Baseball outfielders
New York Yankees players
Fresno State Bulldogs baseball players
Charleston RiverDogs players
Tampa Yankees players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Trenton Thunder players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia semi-protected pages
Use mdy dates from August 2017
Twitter username same as Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Español
Français
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 September 2017, at 14:22.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This article is semi-protected until January 1, 2018.

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: class style

values: note font-weight:bold

values: text-align:center;width:50%; border-width:0 1px 0 0;

values: text-align:center;width:50%; border-width:0 0 0 1px;

values: 2017 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

values: 2017 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values:
/wiki/AL_Rookie_of_the_Month
mw-redirect
AL Rookie of the Month

values: Major League Baseball Rookie of the Month Award

values: Major League Baseball Player of the Month Award

values:
/wiki/High_school_basketball
mw-redirect
High school basketball

values:
/wiki/Louisville_Slugger
mw-redirect
Louisville Slugger

values:
/wiki/Runs_batted_in
mw-redirect
Runs batted in

values: 2010–13 Mountain West Conference realignment

values:
/wiki/Class_A_(baseball)
mw-redirect
Class A (baseball)

values:
/wiki/Class_A-Advanced
mw-redirect
Class A-Advanced

values:
/wiki/September_call-up
mw-redirect
September call-up

values: List of Major League Baseball players with a home run in their first major league at bat

values: List of Major League Baseball retired numbers

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)
mw-redirect
Daily News (New York)

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://twitter.com/TheJudge44

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton1
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: Template:New York Yankees first-round draft picks

values: Template talk:New York Yankees first-round draft picks

values: List of New York Yankees first-round draft picks

values: background-color:#132448;color:#FFFFFF;; border:#C4CED4 2px solid

values:
/wiki/Dante_Bichette,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Dante Bichette, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Kyle_Holder
mw-redirect
Kyle Holder

values: 2006 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2007 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2008 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2009 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2010 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2011 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2012 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2013 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2014 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2015 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values: 2016 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby

values:
collapseButton3
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: Template talk:New York Yankees roster navbox

values: Category:Baseball players from California

values: Category:Major League Baseball outfielders

values: Category:Fresno State Bulldogs baseball players

values: Category:Twitter username same as Wikidata

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Aaron_Judge
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: アーロン・ジャッジ – Japanese

values: Джадж, Аарон – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Aaron_Judge rootpage-Aaron_Judge skin-vector action-view


text:
Grey matter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Grey matter (disambiguation).
Grey matter
The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots. (Grey matter labeled at center right.)
Micrograph showing grey matter, with the characteristic neuronal cell bodies (dark shade of pink), and white matter with its characteristic fine meshwork-like appearance (left of image - lighter shade of pink). HPS stain.
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Substantia grisea
TA
A14.1.00.002
FMA
67242
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter, in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts.[1] The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which come from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
2 Function
3 Clinical significance
4 History
4.1 Etymology
5 Additional images
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Structure[edit]
Grey matter refers to unmyelinated neurons and other cells of the central nervous system. It is present in the brain, brainstem and cerebellum, and present throughout the spinal cord.
Grey matter is distributed at the surface of the cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex) and of the cerebellum (cerebellar cortex), as well as in the depths of the cerebrum (thalamus; hypothalamus; subthalamus, basal ganglia – putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens; septal nuclei), cerebellar (deep cerebellar nuclei – dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, fastigial nucleus), brainstem (substantia nigra, red nucleus, olivary nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei).
Grey matter in the spinal cord is known as the grey column which travels down the spinal cord distributed in three grey columns that are presented in an "H" shape. The forward-facing column is the anterior grey column, the rear-facing one is the posterior grey column and the interlinking one is the lateral grey column. The grey matter on the left and right side is connected by the grey commissure. The grey matter in the spinal cord consists of interneurons, as well as the cell bodies of projection neurons.
Diagram of a spinal vertebra. The grey matter is in the central part of the spinal cord.
Cross-section of spinal cord with grey matter labelled.
Grey matter undergoes development and growth throughout childhood and adolescence.[3] Recent studies using cross-sectional neuroimaging have shown that by around the age of 8 the volume of grey matter begins to decrease.[4] However, the density of grey matter appears to increase as a child develops into early adulthood.[4] Males tend to exhibit grey matter of increased volume but lower density than that of females.
Function[edit]
Grey matter contains most of the brain's neuronal cell bodies. The grey matter includes regions of the brain involved in muscle control, and sensory perception such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control.[5]
The grey matter in the spinal cord is split into three grey columns:
The anterior grey column contains motor neurons. These synapse with interneurons and the axons of cells that have travelled down the pyramidal tract. These cells are responsible for the movement of muscles.
The posterior grey column contains the points where sensory neurons synapse. These receive sensory information from the body, including fine touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion. This information is then transmitted in axons up the spinal cord in spinal tracts, including the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract and the spinothalamic tract.
The lateral grey column is the third column of the spinal cord.
The grey matter of the spinal cord can be divided into different layers, called Rexed laminae. These describe, in general, the purpose of the cells within the grey matter of the spinal cord at a particular location.
Interneurons present in the grey matter of the spinal cord
Rexed laminae groups the grey matter in the spinal cord according to its function.
Clinical significance[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2017)
High alcohol consumption has been correlated with significant reductions in grey matter volume.[6][7] Short-term cannabis use (30 days) is not correlated with changes in white or grey matter.[8] However, several cross-sectional studies have shown that repeated long-term cannabis use is associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the hippocampus, amygdala, medial temporal cortex, and prefrontal cortex, with increased grey matter volume in the cerebellum.[9][10][11] Long-term cannabis use also alters white matter integrity in an age-dependent manner,[12] with heavy cannabis use during adolescence and early adulthood causing the greatest amount of damage.[13]
Meditation has been shown to change grey matter structure.[14][15][16][17][18]
Habitual playing of action video games has been reported to promote a reduction of grey matter in the hippocampus while 3D platformer games have been reported to increase grey matter in the hippocampus.[19][20][21][22]
Women and men with equivalent IQ scores have differing proportions of grey to white matter in cortical brain regions associated with intelligence.[23]
Pregnancy renders substantial changes in brain structure, primarily reductions in gray matter volume in regions subserving social cognition. The gray matter reductions endured for at least 2 years post-pregnancy.[24]
History[edit]
Etymology[edit]
In the current edition[25] of the official Latin nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica, substantia grisea is used for English grey matter. The adjective grisea for grey is however not attested in classical Latin.[26] The adjective grisea is derived from the French word for grey, gris.[26] Alternative designations like substantia cana [27] and substantia cinerea[28] are being used alternatively. The adjective cana, attested in classical Latin,[29] can mean grey,[26] or greyish white.[30] The classical Latin cinerea means ash-coloured.[29]
Additional images[edit]
Human brain right dissected lateral view
Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (I to V).
See also[edit]
Grey matter heterotopia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE (2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
Jump up ^ Kolb B, Whishaw IQ (2003). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-7167-5300-1.
Jump up ^ Sowell ER, Thompson PM, Tessner KD, Toga AW (November 2001). "Mapping continued brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: Inverse relationships during postadolescent brain maturation". The Journal of Neuroscience. 21 (22): 8819–29. PMID 11698594.
^ Jump up to: a b Gennatas ED, Avants BB, Wolf DH, Satterthwaite TD, Ruparel K, Ciric R, Hakonarson H, Gur RE, Gur RC (May 2017). "Age-Related Effects and Sex Differences in Gray Matter Density, Volume, Mass, and Cortical Thickness from Childhood to Young Adulthood". The Journal of Neuroscience. 37 (20): 5065–5073. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3550-16.2017. PMC 5444192  . PMID 28432144.
Jump up ^ Miller AK, Alston RL, Corsellis JA (1980). "Variation with age in the volumes of grey and white matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man: measurements with an image analyser". Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. 6 (2): 119–32. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1980.tb00283.x. PMID 7374914.
Jump up ^ Yang X, Tian F, Zhang H, Zeng J, Chen T, Wang S, Jia Z, Gong Q (July 2016). "Cortical and subcortical gray matter shrinkage in alcohol-use disorders: a voxel-based meta-analysis". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 66: 92–103. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.034. PMID 27108216.
Jump up ^ Xiao P, Dai Z, Zhong J, Zhu Y, Shi H, Pan P (August 2015). "Regional gray matter deficits in alcohol dependence: A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 153: 22–8. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.030. PMID 26072220.
Jump up ^ Thayer RE, YorkWilliams S, Karoly HC, Sabbineni A, Ewing SF, Bryan AD, Hutchison KE (December 2017). "Structural neuroimaging correlates of alcohol and cannabis use in adolescents and adults". Addiction. 112 (12): 2144–2154. doi:10.1111/add.13923. PMC 5673530  . PMID 28646566.
Jump up ^ Lorenzetti V, Lubman DI, Whittle S, Solowij N, Yücel M (September 2010). "Structural MRI findings in long-term cannabis users: what do we know?". Substance Use & Misuse. 45 (11): 1787–808. doi:10.3109/10826084.2010.482443. PMID 20590400.
Jump up ^ Matochik JA, Eldreth DA, Cadet JL, Bolla KI (January 2005). "Altered brain tissue composition in heavy marijuana users". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 77 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.06.011. PMID 15607838.
Jump up ^ Yücel M, Solowij N, Respondek C, Whittle S, Fornito A, Pantelis C, Lubman DI (June 2008). "Regional brain abnormalities associated with long-term heavy cannabis use". Archives of General Psychiatry. 65 (6): 694–701. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694. PMID 18519827.
Jump up ^ Jakabek D, Yücel M, Lorenzetti V, Solowij N (October 2016). "An MRI study of white matter tract integrity in regular cannabis users: effects of cannabis use and age". Psychopharmacology. 233 (19–20): 3627–37. doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4398-3. PMID 27503373.
Jump up ^ Becker MP, Collins PF, Lim KO, Muetzel RL, Luciana M (December 2015). "Longitudinal changes in white matter microstructure after heavy cannabis use". Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 16: 23–35. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.004. PMC 4691379  . PMID 26602958.
Jump up ^ Kurth F, Luders E, Wu B, Black DS (2014). "Brain Gray Matter Changes Associated with Mindfulness Meditation in Older Adults: An Exploratory Pilot Study using Voxel-based Morphometry". Neuro. 1 (1): 23–26. doi:10.17140/NOJ-1-106. PMC 4306280  . PMID 25632405.
Jump up ^ Hölzel BK, Carmody J, Vangel M, Congleton C, Yerramsetti SM, Gard T, Lazar SW (January 2011). "Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density". Psychiatry Research. 191 (1): 36–43. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006. PMC 3004979  . PMID 21071182.
Jump up ^ Kurth F, MacKenzie-Graham A, Toga AW, Luders E (January 2015). "Shifting brain asymmetry: the link between meditation and structural lateralization". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 10 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1093/scan/nsu029. PMC 4994843  . PMID 24643652.
Jump up ^ Fox KC, Nijeboer S, Dixon ML, Floman JL, Ellamil M, Rumak SP, Sedlmeier P, Christoff K (June 2014). "Is meditation associated with altered brain structure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphometric neuroimaging in meditation practitioners". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 43: 48–73. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016. PMID 24705269.
Jump up ^ Hölzel BK, Carmody J, Evans KC, Hoge EA, Dusek JA, Morgan L, Pitman RK, Lazar SW (March 2010). "Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 5 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1093/scan/nsp034. PMC 2840837  . PMID 19776221.
Jump up ^ "Habitual players of action video games have less grey matter in their brain, study reveals". news-medical.net. 8 August 2017. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Playing action video games can actually harm your brain". umontreal.ca. 1 May 2018. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Collins K. "Video games can either grow or shrink part of your brain, depending on how you play". qz.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ West GL, Zendel BR, Konishi K, Benady-Chorney J, Bohbot VD, Peretz I, Belleville S (5 May 2018). "Playing Super Mario 64 increases hippocampal grey matter in older adults". PLOS One. 12 (12): e0187779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187779. PMC 5718432  . PMID 29211727. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Haier RJ, Jung RE, Yeo RA, Head K, Alkire MT (March 2005). "The neuroanatomy of general intelligence: sex matters". NeuroImage. 25 (1): 320–7. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.11.019. PMID 15734366.
Jump up ^ Hoekzema E, Barba-Müller E, Pozzobon C, Picado M, Lucco F, García-García D, Soliva JC, Tobeña A, Desco M, Crone EA, Ballesteros A, Carmona S, Vilarroya O (February 2017). "Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure". Nature Neuroscience. 20 (2): 287–296. doi:10.1038/nn.4458. PMID 27991897. Archived from the original on 2017-12-03.
Jump up ^ Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). Terminologia Anatomica. Stuttgart: Thieme
^ Jump up to: a b c Triepel H (1910). Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre Ableitung und Aussprache. Mit einem Anhang: Biographische Notizen (3rd ed.). Wiesbaden: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.
Jump up ^ Triepel H (1910). Nomina Anatomica. Mit Unterstützung von Fachphilologen. Wiesbaden: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.
Jump up ^ Schreger CH (1805). "Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen Nomenclatur". In Fürth. Bureau für Literatur.
^ Jump up to: a b Lewis CT, Short C (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Jump up ^ Stearn WT (1983). Charles D, ed. Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary (3rd ed.). London: Newton Abbot.
External links[edit]
Why Gray Matter is Gray
show
v
t
e
Nervous tissue
CNS
Tissue Types
Grey matter
White matter
Projection fibers
Association fiber
Commissural fiber
Lemniscus
Nerve tract
Decussation
Commissure
Neuropil
Meninges
Cell Types
Neuronal
Pyramidal
Purkinje
Granule
Glial
insulating:
Myelination: Oligodendrocyte
other
Astrocyte
Radial glial cell
Ependymal cells
Tanycyte
Microglia
PNS
General
Dorsal
Root
Ganglion
Ramus
Ventral
Root
Ramus
Ramus communicans
Gray
White
Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers
Postganglionic nerve fibers)
Nerve fascicle
Funiculus
Connective tissues
Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium
Neuroglia
Myelination: Schwann cell
Neurilemma
Myelin incisure
Node of Ranvier
Internodal segment
Satellite glial cell
Neurons/
nerve fibers
Parts
Soma
Axon hillock
Axon
Telodendron
Axon terminals
Axoplasm
Axolemma
Neurofibril/neurofilament
Dendrite
Nissl body
Dendritic spine
Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite
Types
Bipolar
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar
Interneuron
Renshaw
Afferent nerve fiber/
Sensory neuron
GSA
GVA
SSA
SVA
fibers
Ia or Aα
Ib or Golgi or Aα
II or Aβ and Aγ
III or Aδ or fast pain
IV or C or slow pain
Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor neuron
GSE
GVE
SVE
Upper motor neuron
Lower motor neuron
α motorneuron
β motorneuron
γ motorneuron
Termination
Synapse
Electrical synapse/Gap junction
Chemical synapse
Synaptic vesicle
Active zone
Postsynaptic density
Autapse
Ribbon synapse
Neuromuscular junction
Sensory receptors
Meissner's corpuscle
Merkel nerve ending
Pacinian corpuscle
Ruffini ending
Muscle spindle
Free nerve ending
Nociceptor
Olfactory receptor neuron
Photoreceptor cell
Hair cell
Taste bud
show
v
t
e
The spinal cord
General features
Cervical enlargement
Lumbar enlargement
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Cauda equina
Meninges
Central canal
Terminal ventricle
Grey columns
Posterior grey column
Marginal nucleus
Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
Nucleus proprius
Rexed lamina V
Rexed lamina VI
Lateral grey column
Intermediolateral nucleus
Posterior thoracic nucleus
Anterior grey column
Interneuron
Alpha motor neuron
Onuf's nucleus
Gamma motor neuron
Other
Rexed laminae
Central gelatinous substance
Gray commissure
White matter
Sensory
Posterior
Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway:
Gracile
Cuneate
Lateral:
Spinocerebellar
dorsal
ventral
Spinothalamic
lateral
anterior
Posterolateral
Spinotectal
Spinoreticular tract
Spino-olivary tract
Motor
Lateral
Corticospinal
Lateral
Extrapyramidal
Rubrospinal
Olivospinal
Raphespinal
Anterior
Corticospinal
Anterior
Extrapyramidal
Vestibulospinal
Reticulospinal
Tectospinal
Both
Anterior white commissure
External features
Ventral
Anterior median fissure
Anterolateral sulcus
Dorsal
Posterior median sulcus
Posterolateral sulcus
show
v
t
e
Anatomy of the cerebral cortex of the human brain
Frontal lobe
Superolateral
Prefrontal
Superior frontal gyrus
4
6
8
Middle frontal gyrus
9
10
46
Inferior frontal gyrus: 11
47-Pars orbitalis
Broca's area
44-Pars opercularis
45-Pars triangularis
Superior frontal sulcus
Inferior frontal sulcus
Precentral
Precentral gyrus
Precentral sulcus
Medial/inferior
Prefrontal
Superior frontal gyrus
4
6
Medial frontal gyrus
8
9
Paraterminal gyrus/Paraolfactory area
12
Straight gyrus
11
Orbital gyri/Orbitofrontal cortex
10
11
12
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
10
Subcallosal area
25
Olfactory sulcus
Orbital sulcus
Precentral
Paracentral lobule
4
Paracentral sulcus
Both
Primary motor cortex
4
Premotor cortex
6
Supplementary motor area
6
Supplementary eye field
6
Frontal eye fields
8
Parietal lobe
Superolateral
Superior parietal lobule
5
7
Inferior parietal lobule
40-Supramarginal gyrus
39-Angular gyrus
Parietal operculum
43
Intraparietal sulcus
Medial/inferior
Paracentral lobule
1
2
3
5
Precuneus
7
Marginal sulcus
Both
Postcentral gyrus/Primary somatosensory cortex
1
2
3
Secondary somatosensory cortex
5
Posterior parietal cortex
7
Occipital lobe
Superolateral
Occipital pole of cerebrum
Lateral occipital gyrus
18
19
Lunate sulcus
Transverse occipital sulcus
Medial/inferior
Visual cortex
17
Cuneus
Lingual gyrus
Calcarine sulcus
Temporal lobe
Superolateral
Transverse temporal gyrus/Auditory cortex
41
42
Superior temporal gyrus
38
22/Wernicke's area
Middle temporal gyrus
21
Superior temporal sulcus
Medial/inferior
Fusiform gyrus
37
Medial temporal lobe
27
28
34
35
36
Inferior temporal gyrus
20
Inferior temporal sulcus
Interlobar
sulci/fissures
Superolateral
Central (frontal+parietal)
Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
Parieto-occipital
Preoccipital notch
Medial/inferior
Longitudinal fissure
Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
Collateral (temporal+occipital)
Callosal sulcus
Limbic lobe
Parahippocampal gyrus
anterior
Entorhinal cortex
Perirhinal cortex
Postrhinal cortex
Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
Prepyriform area
Cingulate cortex/gyrus
Subgenual area
25
Anterior cingulate
24
32
33
Posterior cingulate
23
31
Isthmus of cingulate gyrus: Retrosplenial cortex
26
29
30
Hippocampal formation
Hippocampal sulcus
Fimbria of hippocampus
Dentate gyrus
Rhinal sulcus
Other
Supracallosal gyrus
Uncus
Amygdala
Insular cortex
Insular cortex
General
Operculum
Poles of cerebral hemispheres
Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grey_matter&oldid=847816012"
Categories:
Neuroanatomy
Central nervous system
Hidden categories:
Pages with unresolved properties
Use British English from January 2017
Articles to be expanded from January 2017
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Italiano
עברית
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
27 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 June 2018, at 00:01 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Grey_matter_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Grey matter (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: p

value: i

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

values: Grey matter and white matter - very high mag.jpg

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Cerebellar_cortex
mw-redirect
Cerebellar cortex

values:
/wiki/Cranial_nerve_nuclei
mw-redirect
Cranial nerve nuclei

values:
/wiki/Gray_commissure
mw-redirect
Gray commissure

values:
/wiki/Spinal_vertebra
mw-redirect
Spinal vertebra

values:
/wiki/Pyramidal_tract
mw-redirect
Pyramidal tract

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values:
/wiki/Alcohol_consumption
mw-redirect
Alcohol consumption

values:
/wiki/Temporal_cortex
mw-redirect
Temporal cortex

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11698594

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28432144

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7374914

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108216

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26072220

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1111/add.13923

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646566

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20590400

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15607838

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18519827

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503373

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.004

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602958

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.17140/NOJ-1-106

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632405

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071182

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu029

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24643652

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705269

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp034

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776221

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187779

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29211727

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15734366

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.4458

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038/nn.4458

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991897

values: -moz-column-width: 32em; -webkit-column-width: 32em; column-width: 32em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Nerve_fiber
mw-redirect
Nerve fiber

values:
/wiki/Special_somatic_afferent
mw-redirect
Special somatic afferent

values:
/wiki/Special_visceral_afferent
mw-redirect
Special visceral afferent

values:
/wiki/Special_visceral_efferent
mw-redirect
Special visceral efferent

values:
/wiki/Sensory_receptor
mw-redirect
Sensory receptor

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Terminal_ventricle
mw-redirect
Terminal ventricle

values: Central gelatinous substance of spinal cord

values: Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway

values: Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus

values: Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus

values:
/wiki/Paraolfactory_area
mw-redirect
Paraolfactory area

values:
/wiki/Parietal_operculum
mw-redirect
Parietal operculum

values:
/wiki/Brodmann_area_1
mw-redirect
Brodmann area 1

values:
/wiki/Brodmann_area_2
mw-redirect
Brodmann area 2

values:
/wiki/Brodmann_area_3
mw-redirect
Brodmann area 3

values:
/wiki/Occipital_pole_of_cerebrum
mw-redirect
Occipital pole of cerebrum

values:
/wiki/Brodmann_area_17
mw-redirect
Brodmann area 17

values:
/wiki/Brodmann_area_41
mw-redirect
Brodmann area 41

values:
/wiki/Brodmann_area_42
mw-redirect
Brodmann area 42

values:
/wiki/Medial_temporal_lobe
mw-redirect
Medial temporal lobe

values:
/wiki/Cingulate_gyrus
mw-redirect
Cingulate gyrus

values:
/wiki/Subgenual_area_25
mw-redirect
Subgenual area 25

values:
/wiki/Posterior_cingulate
mw-redirect
Posterior cingulate

values:
/wiki/Retrosplenial_region
mw-redirect
Retrosplenial region

values:
/wiki/Fimbria_of_hippocampus
mw-redirect
Fimbria of hippocampus

values:
/wiki/Poles_of_cerebral_hemispheres
mw-redirect
Poles of cerebral hemispheres

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: transparent; padding: 0px;

values: Category:Pages with unresolved properties

values: Category:Use British English from January 2017

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2017

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Grey_matter
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grysstof
Grysstof – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: مادة رمادية – Arabic

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva_masa
Siva masa – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaine
Hallaine – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Φαιά ουσία – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: ماده خاکستری – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Գորշ նյութ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: חומר אפור – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Серое вещество – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: ماددەی خۆڵەمێشی – Central Kurdish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values:
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva_masa
Siva masa – Serbian
sr
sr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva_masa
Siva masa – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: เนื้อเทา – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boz_madde
Boz madde – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Сіра речовина – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Grey_matter rootpage-Grey_matter skin-vector action-view