text:
Wins Above Replacement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Wins Above Replacement or Wins Above Replacement Player, commonly abbreviated to WAR or WARP, is a non-standardized sabermetric baseball statistic developed to sum up "a player's total contributions to his team".[1] A player's WAR value is claimed to be the number of additional wins his team has achieved above the number of expected team wins if that player were substituted with a replacement-level player: a player who may be added to the team for minimal cost and effort.[2]
Individual WAR values are calculated from the number and success rate of on-field actions by a player (in batting, baserunning, fielding, and pitching), with higher values reflecting larger contributions to a team's success.[2] WAR value also depends on what position a player plays, with more value going to weaker hitting positions like catcher than positions with strong hitting such as first base.[2] A high WAR value built up by a player reflects successful performance, a large quantity of playing time, or both.
For example, Fangraphs rates Clayton Kershaw's 2014 regular season performance at 7.2 WAR, suggesting his team won roughly seven more games than would be expected if his innings had been pitched by a replacement level player. Kershaw achieved this high WAR total by pitching many innings while maintaining a high rate of strikeouts and low rates of home runs and walks.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Calculation
2.1 Position players
2.1.1 Baseball Reference
2.1.2 Fangraphs
2.2 Pitchers
2.2.1 Baseball Reference
2.2.2 Fangraphs
3 Analysis
4 Use
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Overview[edit]
The basis for a WAR value is the estimated number of runs contributed by a player through offensive actions such as batting and base running, and runs denied to opposition teams by the player through defensive actions like fielding and pitching. Statistics such as weighted on-base average (wOBA), ultimate zone rating (UZR), ultimate base running (UBR), and defense independent pitching statistics (DIPS) measure the effectiveness of a player at creating and saving runs for their team, on a per-plate appearance or per-inning basis. These statistics can be multiplied by the playing time of a player to give an estimate of the number of offensive and defensive runs contributed to their team.
Additional runs contributed to a team lead to additional wins, with 10 runs estimated to be equal to roughly one win.[3] Therefore, a 1.0 WAR value for a player signifies a contribution of roughly 10 more runs than a replacement-level player, over a specified period of time. A replacement level player is defined by Fangraphs as contributing 17.5 runs fewer than a player of league-average performance, over 600 plate appearances.[4] Therefore, a 1.0 WAR player has contributed an estimated -7.5 runs relative to average over the same number of plate appearances, a 2.0 WAR player has contributed +2.5 runs, and a 5.0 WAR player has contributed +32.5 runs.
For an individual player, WAR values may be calculated for single seasons or parts of seasons, for several seasons, or across the whole career of the player. Collective WAR values for multiple players may also be estimated, for example to determine the contribution a team receives from its outfielders, its relief pitchers or from specific positions such as catcher.[5][6] It is also possible to extrapolate a future WAR value from a player's past performance data.[7]
Calculation[edit]
No clearly established formula exists for WAR. Sources that provide the statistic calculate it differently. These include Baseball Prospectus, Baseball Reference, and Fangraphs. All of these sources publish the method they use to calculate WAR, and all use similar basic principles to do so. The version published by Baseball Prospectus is named WARP,[8] that by Baseball Reference is named bWAR or rWAR ("r" derives from Rally or RallyMonkey, a nickname for Sean Smith, who implemented that site's version of the statistic)[9] and that for Fangraphs is named fWAR.[10] Compared to rWAR, the calculation of fWAR places greater emphasis on peripheral statistics.[2]
WAR values are scaled equally for pitchers and batters; that is, pitchers and position players will have roughly the same WAR if their contribution to their team is deemed similar. However, the values are calculated differently for pitchers and position players: position players are evaluated using statistics for fielding and hitting, while pitchers are evaluated using statistics related to the opposing batters' hits, walks, and strikeouts in Fangraphs' version and runs allowed per 9 innings with a team defense adjustment for Baseball Reference's version. Because the independent WAR frameworks are calculated differently, they do not have the same scale[11] and cannot be used interchangeably in an analytical context.
Position players[edit]
Baseball Reference[edit]
Baseball Reference uses six components to calculate WAR for position players:[12] The components are batting runs, baserunning runs, runs added or lost due to grounding into double plays in double play situations, fielding runs, positional adjustment runs, and replacement level runs (based on playing time). The first five factors are compared to league average, so a value of 0 represents an average player.
b W A R = ( P r u n s − A r u n s ) + ( A r u n s − R r u n s ) {\displaystyle bWAR=(P_{runs}-A_{runs})+(A_{runs}-R_{runs})}
The term P r u n s − A r u n s {\displaystyle P_{runs}-A_{runs}} may be calculated from the first five factors, and the other term from the remaining factor.[12]
Batting runs depends on weighted Runs Above Average (wRAA), weighted to the offense of the league, and is calculated from wOBA.[13]
w R A A = w O B A − .320 1.25 ∗ ( A B + B B + H B P + S F + S H ) {\displaystyle wRAA={\tfrac {wOBA-.320}{1.25}}*(AB+BB+HBP+SF+SH)}
where
w O B A = ( α 1 ∗ u B B + α 2 ∗ H B P + α 3 ∗ 1 B + α 4 ∗ 2 B + α 5 ∗ 3 B + α 6 ∗ H R + α 7 ∗ S B − α 8 ∗ C S ) ( A B + B B − I B B + H B P + S F ) {\displaystyle wOBA={(\alpha _{1}*uBB+\alpha _{2}*HBP+\alpha _{3}*1B+\alpha _{4}*2B+\alpha _{5}*3B+\alpha _{6}*HR+\alpha _{7}*SB-\alpha _{8}*CS) \over (AB+BB-IBB+HBP+SF)}}
Here, "AB" is the number of at bats, "BB" the number of base on balls ("uBB" is unintentional base on balls and "IBB" is intentional base on balls), HBP the number of times hit by pitch, "SF" the number of sacrifice flies, "SH" the number of sacrifice hits, "1B" the number of singles, "2B" the number of doubles, "3B" the number of triples, "HR" the number of home runs, "SB" the number of stolen bases, and "CS" the number of caught stealing.[13] α 1 {\displaystyle \alpha _{1}} to α 8 {\displaystyle \alpha _{8}} represent weighting coefficients. Baseball Reference eliminates pitcher batting results from its data, computes linear weights and wOBA coefficients for each league, then scales the values for each league and season.[13]
The positional adjustment is a value dependent on the player's position: +10.0 for a catcher, −10 for a first baseman, +3.0 for a second baseman, +2.0 for a third baseman, +7.5 for a shortstop, −7.5 for a left fielder, +2.5 for a center fielder, −7.5 for a right fielder, and −15.0 for a designated hitter.[13] These values are set assuming 1,350 innings played (150 games of 9 innings).[13] A player's positional adjustment is the sum of the positional adjustment for each position played by the player scaled to the number of games played by the player at that position, normalized to 1,350 innings.[13]
Fangraphs[edit]
The Fangraphs formula for position players involves offense, defense, and base running.[14] These are measured using weighted Runs Above Average, Ultimate zone rating (UZR), and Ultimate base running (UBR), respectively.[14] These values are adjusted using park factors, and a positional adjustment is applied, resulting in a player's "value added above league average". To this is added a scaled value to reflect the player's value compared to a replacement-level player, which is assumed to be 20 runs below average per 600 plate appearances. All four values are measured in runs.
f W A R = w R A A + U Z R + P o s i t i o n + 20 600 ∗ P A {\displaystyle fWAR=wRAA+UZR+Position+{\tfrac {20}{600}}*PA}
The positional adjustment is a value dependent on the players position: +12.5 for a catcher, −12.5 for a first baseman, +2.5 for a second or third baseman, +7.5 for a shortstop, −7.5 for a left fielder, +2.5 for a center fielder, −7.5 for a right fielder, and −17.5 for a designated hitter.[15] These values are scaled to the number of games played by the player at each position.[15]
Pitchers[edit]
Baseball Reference[edit]
Baseball Reference uses two components to calculate WAR for pitchers: Runs Allowed (both earned and unearned) and Innings Pitched.[16]
Fangraphs[edit]
Rather than focus on actual runs allowed, Fangraphs uses FIP as their main component to calculate WAR as they feel it is more accurate.[17]
Analysis[edit]
In 2009, Dave Cameron stated that fWAR does an "impressive job of projecting wins and losses".[18] He found that a team's projected record based on fWAR and that team's actual record has a strong correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.83), and that every team was within two standard deviations (σ=6.4 wins).[18]
In 2012, Glenn DuPaul conducted a regression analysis comparing the cumulative rWAR of five randomly selected teams per season (from 1996 to 2011) against those teams' realized win totals for those seasons. He found that the two were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91, and that 83% of the variance in wins was explained by fWAR (R2=0.83).[19] The standard deviation was 2.91 wins. The regression equation was:
W i n s = 52.7 + 0.97 ∗ f W A R {\displaystyle Wins=52.7+0.97*fWAR}
which was close to the expected equation:
W i n s = 52 + f W A R {\displaystyle Wins=52+fWAR}
in which a team of replacement-level players is expected to have a .320 winning percentage, or 52 wins in a 162-game season.
To test fWAR as a predictive tool, DuPaul executed a regression between a team's cumulative player WAR from the previous year to the team's realized wins for that year. The resultant regression equation was:[19]
W i n s = 63.83 + 0.68 ∗ f W A R {\displaystyle Wins=63.83+0.68*fWAR}
which has a statistically significant correlation of 0.59, meaning that 35% of the variance in team wins could be accounted for by the cumulative fWAR of its players from the previous season.[19]
Use[edit]
WAR is not recognized as an official stat by Major League Baseball or by the Elias Sports Bureau.
ESPN publishes the Baseball Reference version of WAR on its statistics pages for position players and pitchers.[2]
Bill James states that there is a bias favoring players from earlier eras because there was greater variance in skill levels at the time, so "the best players were further from the average than they are now".[2] That is, in modern baseball, it is more difficult for a player to exceed the abilities of his peers than it was in the 1800s and the dead-ball and live-ball eras of the 1900s.[2]
Nearing the end of the 2012 Major League Baseball season and afterward, there was much debate about which player should win the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award for the American League.[20] The two candidates considered by most writers were Miguel Cabrera, who won the Triple Crown, and Mike Trout, a rookie who led Major League Baseball in WAR.[21] The debate focused on the use of traditional baseball statistics, such as RBIs and home runs, and sabermetric statistics such as WAR.[20]
Cabrera led the American League in batting average, home runs, and RBIs, but Trout was considered a more complete player by some.[22] Relative to the average player, Cabrera contributed an extra 53.1 runs through batting, but -8.2 through defense and -2.9 through baserunning,[23] while Trout contributed 50.1 batting runs, 13.0 defensive runs, and 12.0 baserunning runs.[24] Cabrera, the only one of the two players whose team entered the postseason, would win the award in a landslide, with 22 of 28 first-place votes from the Baseball Writers' Association of America. He and Trout posted similar seasons in 2013; Cabrera again won the MVP.[25][26] Dave Cameron disagreed, in a fangraphs.com article:
Over the last two years, we have seen two of the very best seasons in baseball history, and they’ve gone essentially unrecognized by the organization that has been tasked with recording history. We have been lucky enough to see an in-his-prime Mickey Mantle in modern times, and instead of celebrating that, we’ve spent Novembers explaining why his teammates' inferiority should keep him from winning an individual award.[27]
Some sabermetricians "have been distancing themselves from the importance of single-season WAR values"[19] because some of the defensive metrics incorporated into WAR calculations have significant variability. For example, during the 2012 season, the Toronto Blue Jays employed an infield shift against some left-handed batters, such as David Ortiz or Carlos Peña, in which third baseman Brett Lawrie would be assigned to shallow right field. This resulted in a very high Defensive Runs Saved (DRS) total for Lawrie,[28] and hence a high rWAR, which uses DRS as a component.[29] Ben Jedlovec, an analyst for DRS creator Baseball Info Solutions, said that Lawrie was "making plays in places where very few third basemen are making those plays" because of the "very optimal positioning by the Blue Jays".[30] Another fielding metric, Ultimate zone rating (UZR), uses the DRS data but excludes runs saved as a result of a shift.[30]
Jay Jaffe, a writer for Baseball Prospectus and a member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America, adapted WAR for a statistic he developed in 2004 called "Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score," or JAWS. The metric averages a player's career WAR with their seven-year peak WAR (not necessarily consecutive years). The final number is then used to measure the player's worthiness of being inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame by comparing it to the average JAWS of Hall of Fame players at that position. Baseball Reference's explanation of JAWS says, "The stated goal is to improve the Hall of Fame's standards, or at least to maintain them rather than erode them, by admitting players who are at least as good as the average Hall of Famer at the position, using a means via which longevity isn't the sole determinant of worthiness."[31]
For example, as of August 5, 2013, third baseman Adrián Beltré has accumulated 68.8 career WAR, and 44.9 WAR from his best seven seasons combined. Averaged together, these numbers give Beltré a JAWS of 56.8, which ranks slightly higher than the average JAWS of 55.0 for the 13 third basemen currently in the Hall of Fame. By JAWS' measure, Beltré is a worthy candidate for the Hall of Fame.[32]
See also[edit]
Value over replacement player – another metric for measuring player contribution
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Fangraphs: WAR
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Schoenfield: 2012
Jump up ^ http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/win-values-explained-part-five/
Jump up ^ http://www.fangraphs.com/library/war/war-position-players/
Jump up ^ http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/mike-trout-top-ten-outfield/
Jump up ^ http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/2013-positional-power-rankings-catcher/
Jump up ^ http://www.fangraphs.com/library/principles/projections/
Jump up ^ Kaufman and Tan: 2012. Page XIV.
Jump up ^ Baseball-Reference.com: WAR Comparison Chart
Jump up ^ Fangraphs: What is WAR?
Jump up ^ Darowski: 2010
^ Jump up to: a b Baseball-Reference.com: Position Player WAR Calculation and Details
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Baseball-Reference.com: wRAA For Position Player WAR Explained
^ Jump up to: a b Fangraphs: Calculating WAR for Position Players
^ Jump up to: a b Cameron: 2008
Jump up ^ Baseball-Reference.com: Pitcher WAR Calculations and Details
Jump up ^ "WAR for Pitchers".
^ Jump up to: a b Cameron: 2009
^ Jump up to: a b c d DuPaul: 2012
^ Jump up to: a b Rosenberg: 2012
Jump up ^ Brookover: 2012
Jump up ^ Sporting News: 2012
Jump up ^ "Miguel Cabrera; Value". Fangraphs. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mike Trout; Value". Fangraphs. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Baseball Writers' Association of America: 2012
Jump up ^ Baseball Writers' Association of America: 2013
Jump up ^ Cameron, Dave. "The Diminishing Value of Valuable".
Jump up ^ Myers: 2012
Jump up ^ Jedlovec: 2012
^ Jump up to: a b Lott:2012
Jump up ^ Jaffe, Jay (2012-11-19). "Jaffe WAR Score system (JAWS)". Baseball Reference. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Third Base JAWS Leaders". Baseball Reference. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
References[edit]
Brookover, Bob (16 November 2012). "Mike Trout or Miguel Cabrera for MVP: It's a close call". philly.com. Interstate General Media. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Cameron, Dave (30 December 2008). "Win Values Explained: Part Three". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
Cameron, Dave (7 October 2009). "WAR: It Works". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Darowski, A. (29 November 2010). "Are fWAR and rWAR on Different Scales?". Beyond the Box Score. Vox Media. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
DuPaul, Glenn (8 August 2012). "What is WAR good for?". Hardball Times. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Hartnett, Sean (4 October 2012). "Cabrera Vs. Trout — Sorting Through The Great 2012 AL MVP Debate". CBS Local Media. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Jedlovec, Ben (29 July 2012). "How Brett Lawrie beat the numbers". ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Kaufman, King; Tan, Cecilia M., eds. (2012). Baseball Prospectus 2012 (3 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118197691.
Lott, John (5 May 2012). "Blue Jays, Brett Lawrie lead the majors in 'saving' runs". National Post. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
MacAree, Graham. "What is Replacement Level?". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Wyers, Colin. "Manufactured Runs". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Rosenberg, Michael (15 November 2012). "The case for Miguel Cabrera over Mike Trout for AL MVP". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Schoenfield, David (19 July 2012). "What we talk about when we talk about WAR". SweetSpot. ESPN.com. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
"WAR Comparison Chart". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
"Baseball-Reference.com WAR Explained". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
"Pitcher WAR Calculations and Details". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
"Position Player WAR Calculation and Details". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
"wRAA For Position Player WAR Explained". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
"Triple Crown Winner Miguel Cabrera Takes Award". Baseball Writers' Association of America. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
"Miguel Cabrera Goes Back-to-Back". Baseball Writers' Association of America. 15 November 2013. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
"Calculating WAR for Position Players". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
"WAR". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
"What is WAR?". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
"MLB MVP Awards 2012: Miguel Cabrera vs. Mike Trout debate to be settled". Sporting News. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
hide
v
t
e
Baseball statistics
Batting
Batting average
On-base percentage
Slugging percentage
Hit
Single
Double
Triple
Home run
Extra-base hit
Grand slam
RBI
Game-winning RBI
Walk
Bunt
Sacrifice bunt
Sacrifice fly
On-base plus slugging
Times on base
Walk-to-strikeout ratio
Walk percentage
Base running
Run
Stolen base
Stolen base percentage
Caught stealing
Pitching
Win–loss record
Innings pitched
Pitchers of record
Save
Hold
Run
Earned
ERA
Strikeout
Walk
Perfect game
No-hitter
WHIP
BB/9
K/9
Quality start
Complete game
Shutout
Wild pitch
Strikeout-to-walk ratio
Fielding
Fielding percentage
Assist
Putout
Error
Fielder's choice
Defensive indifference
Passed ball
Sabermetrics
Adjusted ERA+
Base runs
Batting park factor
Catcher's ERA
Defensive Runs Saved
Extrapolated Runs
Game score
Isolated Power
Range factor
Runs created
Secondary average
Speed Score
NERD
Out of zone plays made
Ultimate zone rating
Weighted on-base average
Wins Above Replacement
Win probability added
Win Shares
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wins_Above_Replacement&oldid=849817023"
Categories:
Baseball statistics
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
한국어
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 July 2018, at 15:09 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
/wiki/Replacement-level_player
mw-redirect
Replacement-level player

values:
/wiki/Fielding_(baseball)
mw-redirect
Fielding (baseball)

values:
/wiki/Regular_season
mw-redirect
Regular season

values: clear: right; margin-bottom: .5em; float: right; padding: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; background: none; width: auto;

values:
/wiki/Baseball_Reference
mw-redirect
Baseball Reference

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:43.606ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.418ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:54.738ex; height:4.009ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:100.03ex; height:6.509ex;

values:
/wiki/Sacrifice_hit
mw-redirect
Sacrifice hit

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;

values: Ultimate base running (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Park_factor
mw-redirect
Park factor

values: vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:48.898ex; height:3.676ex;

values:
/wiki/Fielding_independent_pitching
mw-redirect
Fielding independent pitching

values: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:29.346ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.208ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:30.508ex; height:2.509ex;

values:
/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)
mw-redirect
Batting average (baseball)

values:
/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame
mw-redirect
Baseball Hall of Fame

values: -moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://bbwaa.com/12-al-mvp/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://bbwaa.com/13-al-mvp/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
/wiki/Pitching_(baseball)
mw-redirect
Pitching (baseball)

values:
/wiki/Pitchers_of_record
mw-redirect
Pitchers of record

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Wins_Above_Replacement
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: 대체 선수 대비 승리 기여도 – Korean

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Wins_Above_Replacement rootpage-Wins_Above_Replacement skin-vector action-view


text:
Fetal pole
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The fetal pole is a thickening on the margin of the yolk sac of a fetus during pregnancy. It is usually identified at 8 weeks with abdominal ultrasound imaging, and 6 weeks with vaginal ultrasound imaging. However it is quite normal for the fetal pole to not be visible until about 9 weeks. The fetal pole may be seen at 2–4 mm crown-rump length (CRL).
This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fetal_pole&oldid=763658614"
Categories:
Embryology
Developmental biology stubs
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking sources from December 2009
All articles lacking sources
All stub articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 4 February 2017, at 13:38 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;

values:
metadata plainlinks stub
presentation
background:transparent

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from December 2009

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/Fetal_pole
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Fetal_pole rootpage-Fetal_pole skin-vector action-view


text:
2017 MLS All-Star Game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2017 MLS All-Star Game Presented by Target
Target All-Star Chicago '17
Event
2017 Major League Soccer season
MLS All-Stars
Real Madrid
1
1
Real Madrid won 4–2 on penalties
Date
August 2, 2017 (2017-08-02)
Venue
Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
Most Valuable Player
Borja Mayoral (Real Madrid)
Referee
Allen Chapman (United States)
Attendance
61,428
← 2016
2018 →
The 2017 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 22nd annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game. The game took place on August 2, 2017 (7:30 p.m. local time) at Soldier Field in Chicago. The game was televised live on Fox Sports 1 and Univision in the United States, and on TSN and TVA Sports in Canada.[1] La Liga side Real Madrid were the opponents.[2] Real Madrid won 4–2 on penalties following a 1–1 draw in normal time.
Borja Mayoral was named MVP.
Contents
[hide]
1 Squads
1.1 MLS All-Stars
1.2 Real Madrid
2 Match
3 References
Squads[edit]
MLS All-Stars[edit]
Tim Howard, DaMarcus Beasley, Graham Zusi, Greg Garza, Miguel Almirón, Michael Bradley, Kaká, Bastian Schweinsteiger, David Villa, and Nemanja Nikolić were voted to the MLS All-Star Fan XI, announced on July 7, 2017. Sebastian Giovinco was chosen as the FIFA 17 More Than A Vote Winner. Stefan Frei, Jelle van Damme, Hernán Grana, Matt Hedges, Johan Kappelhof, Michael Parkhurst, Dax McCarty, Diego Valeri, Giovani dos Santos, Ignacio Piatti, and Jozy Altidore were selected as coach Veljko Paunović's picks on July 18. Dom Dwyer and Kellyn Acosta were announced as Commissioner Don Garber's picks for the squad.[3] Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No.
Position
Player
1 GK Tim Howard (Colorado Rapids)
2 DF Hernán Grana (FC Dallas)
3 DF Michael Parkhurst (Atlanta United)
4 MF Michael Bradley (Toronto FC)
5 FW Sebastian Giovinco (Toronto FC)
6 MF Dax McCarty (Chicago Fire)
7 FW David Villa (New York City FC)
8 DF Graham Zusi (Sporting Kansas City)
9 MF Diego Valeri (Portland Timbers)
10 MF Kaká (Orlando City)
11 MF Giovani dos Santos (LA Galaxy)
12 DF DaMarcus Beasley (Houston Dynamo)
No.
Position
Player
14 FW Dom Dwyer (Orlando City)
15 DF Greg Garza (Atlanta United)
16 DF Johan Kappelhof (Chicago Fire)
17 FW Jozy Altidore (Toronto FC)
21 DF Matt Hedges (FC Dallas)
22 FW Nemanja Nikolić (Chicago Fire)
23 MF Kellyn Acosta (FC Dallas)
24 GK Stefan Frei (Seattle Sounders FC)
26 MF Miguel Almirón (Atlanta United)
28 MF Ignacio Piatti (Montreal Impact)
31 MF Bastian Schweinsteiger (Chicago Fire)
37 DF Jelle Van Damme (LA Galaxy)
Notes:
a Injured or otherwise unable to play.
Real Madrid[edit]
Real Madrid's 26-man United States squad was announced on July 11, 2017.[4] However, Álvaro Morata and Danilo later withdrew from the squad following their transfers to Chelsea and Manchester City, respectively.[5][6]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No.
Position
Player
1 GK Keylor Navas
2 DF Dani Carvajal
3 DF Jesús Vallejo
4 DF Sergio Ramos
5 DF Raphaël Varane
6 DF Nacho
8 MF Toni Kroos
9 FW Karim Benzema
10 MF Luka Modrić
11 FW Gareth Bale
12 DF Marcelo
13 GK Kiko Casilla
14 MF Casemiro
No.
Position
Player
15 DF Theo Hernández
16 MF Mateo Kovačić
17 FW Lucas Vázquez
18 MF Marcos Llorente
20 MF Marco Asensio
21 FW Borja Mayoral
22 MF Isco
24 MF Dani Ceballos
25 GK Rubén Yáñez
27 DF Álvaro Tejero
30 GK Luca Zidane
32 MF Óscar
34 DF Achraf Hakimi
Match[edit]
MLS All-Stars v Real Madrid
August 2, 2017 (2017-08-02)
20:30 EDT
MLS All-Stars
1–1
Real Madrid
Dwyer 87'
Report
Mayoral 59'
Penalties
Dwyer
Dos Santos
Valeri
Almirón
2–4
Benzema
Bale
Kovačić
Marcelo
Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
Attendance: 61,428
Referee: Allen Chapman (United States)
GK 1 Tim Howard 45'
DF 8 Graham Zusi 45'
DF 16 Johan Kappelhof 45'
DF 37 Jelle Van Damme 45'
DF 15 Greg Garza 7'
MF 4 Michael Bradley 45'
MF 31 Bastian Schweinsteiger (c) 45'
MF 10 Kaká 45'
FW 7 David Villa 45'
FW 17 Jozy Altidore 31'
FW 5 Sebastian Giovinco 45'
Substitutes:
GK 24 Stefan Frei 45'
DF 12 DaMarcus Beasley 7' 45'
DF 3 Michael Parkhurst 45'
DF 2 Hernán Grana 45'
DF 21 Matt Hedges 45'
DF 23 Kellyn Acosta 45'
MF 11 Giovani dos Santos 62'
MF 6 Dax McCarty 73'
MF 9 Diego Valeri 45'
MF 26 Miguel Almirón 45'
FW 28 Ignacio Piatti 31' 62'
FW 14 Dom Dwyer 45'
FW 22 Nemanja Nikolić 45'
Manager:
Veljko Paunović
GK 1 Keylor Navas 45'
DF 15 Theo Hernández 61'
DF 4 Sergio Ramos (c) 45'
DF 6 Nacho 72'
DF 34 Achraf Hakimi 61'
MF 8 Toni Kroos 45'
MF 18 Marcos Llorente 61'
MF 22 Isco 61'
FW 20 Marco Asensio 61'
FW 21 Borja Mayoral 61'
FW 17 Lucas Vázquez 72'
Substitutes:
GK 13 Kiko Casilla
GK 25 Rubén Yáñez 45' 72'
GK 30 Luca Zidane 72'
DF 2 Dani Carvajal 61'
DF 5 Raphaël Varane
DF 16 Mateo Kovačić 61'
DF 3 Jesús Vallejo 45'
DF 27 Álvaro Tejero 72'
MF 10 Luka Modrić
MF 12 Marcelo 61'
MF 14 Casemiro 61'
MF 24 Dani Ceballos 45'
FW 9 Karim Benzema 61'
FW 11 Gareth Bale 61'
FW 32 Óscar 72'
Manager:
Zinedine Zidane
Most valuable player:
Borja Mayoral (Real Madrid)
Assistant referees:
Adam Wienckowski
Jeremy Hanson
Fourth official:
José Carlos Rivero
Match rules
90 minutes.
Unlimited substitutions.
No extra time.
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Zeitlin, Dave (February 1, 2017). "Chicago's Soldier Field unveiled as location for 2017 MLS All-Star Game". Major League Soccer. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Real Madrid announced as 2017 MLS All-Star Game opponent". Major League Soccer. April 15, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 MLS All-Star Roster". Major League Soccer. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/07/the-26-players-who-will-travel-from-madrid-to-los-angeles
Jump up ^ http://www.espnfc.com/story/3160625/chelsea-agree-deal-for-alvaro-morata-of-real-madrid
Jump up ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/07/23/man-city-complete-danilo-signing-real-madrid-five-year-deal/
[show]
v
t
e
Major League Soccer All-Star Game
1990s
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000s
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010s
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
[show]
v
t
e
2017 MLS season by team
SuperDraft
All-Star Game
Playoffs
MLS Cup
Transfers
Eastern
Atlanta United FC
Chicago Fire
Columbus Crew SC
D.C. United
Montreal Impact
New England Revolution
New York City FC
New York Red Bulls
Orlando City
Philadelphia Union
Toronto FC
Western
Colorado Rapids
FC Dallas
Houston Dynamo
LA Galaxy
Minnesota United FC
Portland Timbers
Real Salt Lake
San Jose Earthquakes
Seattle Sounders FC
Sporting Kansas City
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
[show]
v
t
e
2017 in American soccer
« 2016
2018 »
Leagues
Men
MLS
MLS Cup
Playoffs
NASL
USL
Playoffs
PDL
NPSL
PLA
ASL
MASL
2016–17
2017–18
SPSL
2016–17
2017–18
Super-20 League
NCAA
Division I
Division II
Division III
Women
NWSL
NWSL Shield
NWSL Playoffs
WPSL
UWS
NCAA
Division I
Division II
Division III
Cups
U.S. Open Cup
Qualification
Final
National Women's Open
Men's College Cup
Women's College Cup
Pre-season cups
Carolina Challenge Cup
Desert Diamond Cup
Dallas Cup
Other
MLS All-Star Game
MLS transfers
NASL transfers
USL transfers
International
Club competitions
CONCACAF Champions League
2016–17
National teams
Team seasons
Men
MLS
Atlanta United
Chicago Fire
Colorado Rapids
Columbus Crew SC
D.C. United
FC Dallas
Houston Dynamo
LA Galaxy
Minnesota United
Montreal Impact
New England Revolution
New York City FC
New York Red Bulls
Orlando City
Philadelphia Union
Portland Timbers
Real Salt Lake
San Jose Earthquakes
Seattle Sounders FC
Sporting Kansas City
Toronto FC
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
NASL
FC Edmonton
Indy Eleven
Jacksonville Armada
Miami FC
New York Cosmos
North Carolina FC
Puerto Rico FC
San Francisco Deltas
USL
Bethlehem Steel
Charleston Battery
Charlotte Independence
Colorado Springs Switchbacks
FC Cincinnati
Harrisburg City Islanders
LA Galaxy II
Louisville City
New York Red Bulls II
Oklahoma City Energy
Orange County SC
Orlando City B
Ottawa Fury FC
Phoenix Rising
Pittsburgh Riverhounds
Portland Timbers 2
Real Monarchs
Reno 1868
Richmond Kickers
RGVFC Toros
Rochester Rhinos
Sacramento Republic
Saint Louis FC
San Antonio FC
Seattle Sounders FC 2
Swope Park Rangers
Tampa Bay Rowdies
Toronto FC II
Tulsa Roughnecks
Whitecaps FC 2
NPSL
Kingston Stockade FC
Women
NWSL
Boston Breakers
Chicago Red Stars
FC Kansas City
Houston Dash
North Carolina Courage
Orlando Pride
Portland Thorns
Seattle Reign
Sky Blue FC
Washington Spirit
[show]
v
t
e
Friendly association football tournaments in 2017
« 2016
2018 »
Marbella Cup
Marbella (3 January)
Florida Cup
Florida (8–21 January)
China Cup
Nanning (10–15 January)
Telekom Cup (winter)
Düsseldorf (14 January)
J.League Challenge
Bangkok (24–26 January)
Lunar New Year Cup
Hong Kong (28–31 January)
The Atlantic Cup
Algarve (31 January – 7 February)
Desert Diamond Cup
Arizona (15–25 February)
Carolina Challenge Cup
South Carolina (18–25 February)
Puskás Cup
Felcsút (2–5 June)
King's Cup
Bangkok (15–23 July)
Telekom Cup (summer)
Mönchengladbach (15 July)
International Champions Cup
China / United States / Singapore (18–30 July)
Premier League Asia Trophy
Hong Kong (19–22 July)
Emirates Cup
London (29–30 July)
Audi Cup
Munich (1–2 August)
MLS All-Star Game
Chicago (2 August)
Joan Gamper Trophy
Barcelona (7 August)
Jingjinji Champions Cup
Beijing (1–3 September)
[show]
v
t
e
Real Madrid C.F. matches
Copa del Rey Finals
1903
1905
1906
1907
1908
1916
1917
1918
1924
1929
1930
1933
1934
1936
1940
1943
1946
1947
1958
1960
1961
1962
1968
1970
1974
1975
1979
1980
1982
1983
1989
1990
1992
1993
2002
2004
2011
2013
2014
Copa de la Liga Finals
1983
1985
Supercopa de España
1982
1988
1990
1993
1995
1997
2001
2003
2007
2008
2011
2012
2014
2017
UEFA Champions League Finals
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1962
1964
1966
1981
1998
2000
2002
2014
2016
2017
European Cup Winners' Cup Finals
1971
1983
UEFA Cup Finals
1985
1986
UEFA Super Cup
1998
2000
2002
2014
2016
2017
Intercontinental Cup
1960
1966
1998
2000
2002
FIFA Club World Cup Finals
2014
2016
Other matches
El Clásico
Madrid Derby
Copa Iberoamericana (1994)
Alcorconazo (2009)
MLS All-Star Game (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017_MLS_All-Star_Game&oldid=806383408"
Categories:
Major League Soccer All-Star Game
2017 Major League Soccer season
2017 in Chicago
Sports competitions in Chicago
Soccer in Chicago
August 2017 sports events in the United States
Real Madrid C.F. matches
2017 in sports in Illinois
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from June 2017
Use American English from June 2017
All Wikipedia articles written in American English
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
فارسی
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 October 2017, at 17:42.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: scope style

values:
row
white-space: nowrap

attrs: width style

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
background-color: inherit
100%
nowraplinks

values:
/wiki/Most_Valuable_Player
mw-redirect
Most Valuable Player

values:
/wiki/Real_Madrid
mw-redirect
Real Madrid

values: Óscar Rodríguez Arnaiz (page does not exist)

values:
width:39%; text-align:right
vcard attendee

values:
width:39%; text-align:left
vcard attendee

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Penalty shoot-out (association football)

values: float:left; width:61%; table-layout:fixed; text-align:center

values:
/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois
mw-redirect
Chicago, Illinois

values: width: 100%; background-color: transparent; clear:both

values: Assistant referee (association football)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/MLS_Cup_2017
mw-redirect
MLS Cup 2017

values: List of Major League Soccer transfers 2017

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: 2017 North American Soccer League season

values: 2016–17 Major Arena Soccer League season

values: 2017–18 Major Arena Soccer League season (page does not exist)

values: 2016–17 SPSL season (page does not exist)

values: 2017–18 SPSL season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 Super-20 League season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer season

values: 2017 NCAA Division II men's soccer season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division III men's soccer season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 National Women's Soccer League season

values: 2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer season

values: 2017 NCAA Division II women's soccer season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division III women's soccer season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup qualification

values: 2017 National Women's Cup (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (page does not exist)

values: List of North American Soccer League transfers 2017 (page does not exist)

values: List of USL transfers 2017 (page does not exist)

values: 2017 Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC season

values: 2017 Portland Timbers 2 season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 Rio Grande Valley FC season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 Swope Park Rangers season (page does not exist)

values: 2017 Whitecaps FC 2 season (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/2017_Kingston_Stockade_FC_season
mw-redirect
2017 Kingston Stockade FC season

values: Template:Friendly tournaments 2018 (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; border:1px solid #543C94;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; border:1px solid #543C94;;width:1%

values: 1933 Copa del Presidente de la República Final

values: 1934 Copa del Presidente de la República Final

values: 1936 Copa del Presidente de la República Final

values: 1983 Copa de la Liga Final (page does not exist)

values: 1985 Copa de la Liga Final (page does not exist)

values: Category:Major League Soccer All-Star Game

values: Category:2017 Major League Soccer season

values: Category:August 2017 sports events in the United States

values: Category:Use American English from June 2017

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/2017_MLS_All-Star_Game
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: مسابقه ستارگان لیگ برتر فوتبال ایالات متحده آمریکا ۲۰۱۷ – Persian

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-2017_MLS_All-Star_Game rootpage-2017_MLS_All-Star_Game vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
List of Fantastic Four enemies
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Marvel modern universe debuted in the pages of Fantastic Four in 1960s created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. At that time Strange Tales also published stories featuring Fantastic Four cast, mostly Human Torch and Thing, where also some of the F4 villains debuted. Following are the major F4 villains who debuted in Fantastic Four, Strange Tales and other marvel comics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Fantastic Four debuts
2 Strange Tales debuts
3 Other titles debuts
4 Other major villains
5 External links
Fantastic Four debuts[edit]
Supervillain name Notable alter ego First appearance issue # Creator Notes
Mole Man and his Moloids Harvey Rupert Elder Fantastic Four #1 (November 1961) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby An underground leader of Subterranea, who plans to take over the outer world that rejected him. Rules over different creatures and has access to highly advanced technology.
Skrulls Fantastic Four #2 (January 1962) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby An alien race that can shapeshift and are bent on taking over the Earth.
Namor the Sub-Mariner Namor McKenzie Fantastic Four #4 (May 1962) Bill Everett An underwater antihero who tried to win Invisible Woman's heart.
Doctor Doom Victor von Doom Fantastic Four #5 (July 1962) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby The Fantastic Four's deadliest archenemy. Ruler of Latveria, bent on dominating the Earth. One of Marvel's biggest and most popular villains.
Puppet Master Phillip Masters Fantastic Four #8 (Nov. 1962) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby An artist that can control people with puppets he creates in their image.
Impossible Man Fantastic Four #11 (Feb, 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby An alien that can shapeshift.
Red Ghost and his Super-Apes Ivan Kragoff Fantastic Four #13 (April 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A ghost-like figure with three superpowered primates.
Mad Thinker and his Awesome Android Julius Fantastic Four #15 (Jun 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A genius specializing in evil robotics who usually comes up with very elaborate, infallible, devious plans that unfold like clockwork.
Super-Skrull Kl'rt Fantastic Four #18 (Sep. 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A Skrull with the combined powers of the Fantastic Four and also hypnosis.
Rama-Tut Nathaniel Richards Fantastic Four #19 (Oct. 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby One of the many names of Kang the Conqueror, an Avengers villain and Reed Richard's stepbrother.
Molecule Man Owen Reece Fantastic Four #20 (November 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A villain or a reluctant hero with the power of molecular manipulation. Originally could only control inorganic matter, but can now control organic matter as well.
Hate-Monger Clone of Adolf Hitler Fantastic Four #21 (December, 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
Infant Terrible Fantastic Four #24 (March, 1964) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
Diablo Esteban Corazón de Ablo Fantastic Four #30 (September 1964) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby An evil alchemist.
Attuma Fantastic Four #33 (December 1964) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby Also Namor's archenemy.
Dragon Man Fantastic Four #35 (February 1965). Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A robot in the form of a humanoid dragon created by Diablo.
Frightful Four Fantastic Four #36 (March 1965) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby The evil version of the Fantastic Four. Led by the Human Torch's enemy, the Wizard.
Maximus the Mad Fantastic Four #47 (Feb. 1966) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A member of the Inhumans, who wants to take over his brother Black Bolt's reign as ruler of the Inhumans.
Galactus Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A gigantic cosmic entity that feeds on planets.
Klaw Ulysses Klaue Fantastic Four #56 (Nov 1966) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A human physicist who has been transformed into solid sound and who wears a sonic emitter on his right wrist as a prosthetic device. Also known as the Black Panther's archenemy.
Blastaar Fantastic Four #62 (May 1967) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A villain from the Negative Zone with the power to project blasts of highly concussive kinetic force from his hands.
Ronan the Accuser Fantastic Four #65 (Aug. 1967) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby The Supreme Accuser of the Kree Empire.
Kree Fantastic Four #65 (Aug. 1967) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A scientifically and technologically advanced militaristic alien race.
Psycho-Man Fantastic Four Annual #5 (Nov. 1967) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A member of a microscopic race who can manipulate emotions.
Annihilus Fantastic Four Annual #6 (November 1968) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A villain that wields a cosmic control rod to take over the Earth.
Overmind Fantastic Four #113 (August 1971) Stan Lee
John Buscema An alien belonging to the Eternals.
Air-Walker Gabriel Lan Fantastic Four #120 (March 1972) Stan Lee
John Buscema The Xandarian Herald of Galactus.
Nicholas Scratch Fantastic Four #185 (August 1977) Len Wein
George Pérez A wizard and the son of Fantastic Four supporting character Agatha Harkness.
Salem's Seven Fantastic Four #186 (September, 1977) Len Wein
George Pérez A team of seven magical supervillains that are children of Nicholas Scratch and grandchildren of Agatha Harkness.
Terrax the Tamer Fantastic Four #211 (Oct. 1979) Marv Wolfman
John Byrne
Joe Sinnott
Ben Sean A Herald of Galactus who betrayed him.
Kristoff Vernard Kristoff von Doom Fantastic Four #247 (October 1982) John Byrne Someone who takes the identity of Doctor Doom for a while before becoming an ally for the Fantastic Four.
Terminus Fantastic Four #269 (August 1984) John Byrne An alien destroyer.
Paibok the Power Skrull Fantastic Four #358 (November 1991) Tom DeFalco
Paul Ryan
Danny Bulanadi A powerful Skrull.
Devos the Devastator Fantastic Four #359 (December, 1991) Tom DeFalco
Paul Ryan
Danny Bulanadi An extraterrestrial vigilante dedicated to bringing peace to the universe, but holds the rather warped view that this can only be done by destroying anyone whom he deems a threat to galactic peace.
Occulus Fantastic Four #363 (Apr 1992) Tom DeFalco
Paul Ryan One of the first villains imprisoned in the Negative Zone prison.
Hyperstorm Fantastic Four #406 (November 1995) Tom DeFalco
Paul Ryan
Dan Bulanadi Both a future descendant and an enemy of the Fantastic Four.
Abraxas Fantastic Four Annual 2001 (September 2001) Carlos Pacheco A cosmic entity who seeks to destroy all realities.
Salamandra Fantastic Four #514 (August 2004) Paco Medina A half-human/half-dragon woman who is the Wizard's ex-wife.
Strange Tales debuts[edit]
Supervillain name Notable alter ego First appearance issue # Creator Notes
Wizard Bentley Wittman Strange Tales #102 (Nov 1962) Stan Lee
Larry Lieber
Jack Kirby An enemy of the Human Torch and the founder of the Frightful Four.
Paste-Pot Pete/Trapster Peter Petruski Strange Tales #104 (January 1963) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby An original member of the Frightful Four, Trapster can trap people with adhesives or lubricants.
Other titles debuts[edit]
Supervillain name Notable alter ego First appearance issue # Creator Notes
Kang the Conqueror Nathaniel Richards Avengers #8 (Sep. 1964) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby This prime Avengers villain has many ties to the team and has had more than a few battles with the Fantastic Four as well.
Immortus Nathaniel Richards Avengers #10 (Nov 1964) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby The future self of Kang the Conqueror, an Avengers villain.
Ego the Living Planet Thor #132 (September 1966) Stan Lee
Jack Kirby A powerful living planet that is primarily a villain of Thor.
Mephisto Silver Surfer #3 (Dec. 1968) Stan Lee
John Buscema This Prince of Darkness has tried to tamper with the souls of the Fantastic Four and will most likely try to do it again. One of the Ghost Rider's archenemies, besides Blackheart.
Living Monolith Ahmet Abdol X-Men #54 (Mar 1969) Arnold Drake
Roy Thomas
Don Heck
Neal Adams An X-Men villain who was the Living Pharaoh while in his normal appearance, but once he obtained enough cosmic energy, he would increase in mass, size and power, thus becoming the Living Monolith.
Llyra Sub-Mariner #32 (December, 1970) Roy Thomas
Sal Buscema A female Atlantean who is also an enemy of Namor.
Brute Marvel Premiere #2 (May 1972) Roy Thomas
Gil Kane An evil counterpart of Reed Richards from Counter-Earth.
Aron the Rogue Watcher Captain Marvel #39 (Jul 1975) Steve Englehart
Al Milgrom A rogue Watcher that likes to manipulate the Fantastic Four.
Beyonder Secret Wars #1 (May 1984) Jim Shooter
Mike Zeck A sentient universe come to Earth in human form to study humanity.
Lucia von Bardas Secret War #1 (February 2004) Brian Michael Bendis
Gabriele Dell'Otto A woman cyborg from Latveria.
Maker Reed Richards Ultimate Fantastic Four #1 (February 2004) Brian Michael Bendis
Mark Millar
Adam Kubert The Ultimate Marvel version of Reed Richards who became corrupt.
Other major villains[edit]
Stan Lee and Jack Kirby collaborated on the first 102 consecutive issues of Fantastic Four. Most of the major Marvel concepts, i.e., Latveria, Atlantis, Wakanda, Attilan, the Negative Zone, the Microverse, Subterranea and Avalon which later became a huge part of other major Marvel characters, debuted in Fantastic Four. Following are some of the villains who have gone on to become major villains of various Marvel franchises.
Supervillain name Franchise First appearance issue #
Skrulls Marvel Universe Fantastic Four #2 (January 1962)
Immortus (Kang the Conquerer) Avengers Fantastic Four #19 (Oct. 1963)
Molecule Man Marvel Universe Fantastic Four #20 (November 1963)
Attuma Namor Fantastic Four #33 (December 1964)
Maximus the Mad Inhumans Fantastic Four #47 (Feb. 1966)
Galactus Silver Surfer Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966)
Klaw Black Panther Fantastic Four #56 (Nov 1966)
Kree Marvel Universe Fantastic Four #65 (Aug. 1967)
Enclave Adam Warlock Fantastic Four #66 (Sep. 1967)
Annihilus Marvel Universe Fantastic Four Annual #6 (November 1968)
External links[edit]
[hide]
v
t
e
Fantastic Four
Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
Original members
Mister Fantastic
Invisible Woman
Human Torch
Thing
Supporting cast
Agatha Harkness
H.E.R.B.I.E.
Hulk
Inhumans
Crystal
Medusa
Willie Lumpkin
Lyja
Alicia Masters
Namor
She-Hulk
Ms. Marvel/She-Thing
Silver Surfer
Spider-Man
Thundra
Frankie Raye
Nathaniel Richards
Franklin Richards
Valeria Richards
Franklin Storm
Uatu the Watcher
Wyatt Wingfoot
Yancy Street Gang
Villains
Air-Walker
Annihilus
Aron the Rogue Watcher
Awesome Android
Blastaar
Brute
Devos the Devastator
Diablo
Doctor Doom
Doombots
Dragon Man
Firelord
Frightful Four
Galactus
Impossible Man
Klaw
Kree
Ronan the Accuser
Mad Thinker
Maker
Maximus
Mole Man
Molecule Man
Nicholas Scratch
Occulus
Overmind
Psycho-Man
Puppet Master
Red Ghost
Salem's Seven
Skrulls
Dorrek VII
Paibok
Super-Skrull
Stardust
Terrax
Thanos
Trapster
Kristoff Vernard
Wizard
Locations
Baxter Building
Four Freedoms Plaza
Latveria
Negative Zone
Publications
Previous
Fantastic Four
Fantastic Force
Fantastic Four
FF
Marvel Knights 4
Marvel Two-in-One
Super-Villain Team-Up
The Thing
Limited
Fantastic Four: 1234
Fantastic Four: The End
Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four
Other
continuities
Doom 2099
Fantastic Five
Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules
Fantastic Four 2099
Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four
Superman/Fantastic Four
Ultimate Fantastic Four
Storylines
"The Galactus Trilogy"
"This Man... This Monster!"
"Days of Future Present"
Alternate versions
Mister Fantastic
Invisible Woman
Human Torch
The Thing
Doctor Doom
Related articles
Doctor Doom's Fearfall
Fantastic Four Incorporated
Fantastic Four in popular media
Fantasticar
Future Foundation
Spider-Man
List of Fantastic Four members
List of Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs
Unstable molecules
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Fantastic_Four_enemies&oldid=843602132"
Categories:
Fantastic Four lists
Lists of supervillains
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 May 2018, at 06:28.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

attrs: class dir

values: toctitle ltr

values:
/wiki/Diablo_(comics)
mw-redirect
Diablo (comics)

values:
/wiki/Herald_of_Galactus
mw-redirect
Herald of Galactus

values:
/wiki/Terminus_(comics)
mw-redirect
Terminus (comics)

values:
/wiki/Abraxas_(comics)
mw-redirect
Abraxas (comics)

values:
/wiki/Salamandra_(comics)
mw-redirect
Salamandra (comics)

values:
/wiki/Atlantis_(Marvel_Comics)
mw-redirect
Atlantis (Marvel Comics)

values:
/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_The_End
mw-redirect
Fantastic Four: The End

values:
/wiki/Superman/Fantastic_Four
mw-redirect
Superman/Fantastic Four

values: Alternative versions of Mister Fantastic

values: Template:Fantastic Four in popular media

values:
/wiki/Unstable_molecules
mw-redirect
Unstable molecules

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/List_of_Fantastic_Four_enemies
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Враги Фантастической четвёрки – Russian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_Fantastic_Four_enemies rootpage-List_of_Fantastic_Four_enemies skin-vector action-view