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eBay
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eBay Inc.
Type
Public
Traded as
NASDAQ: EBAY
NASDAQ-100 Component
S&P 500 Component
Industry
Internet
Founded
September 3, 1995; 22 years ago (1995-09-03) (as AuctionWeb)
Founder
Pierre Omidyar
Headquarters
San Jose, California, U.S.
Key people
Thomas J. Tierney (Chairman)
Devin Wenig (CEO)
Services
Online shopping
Revenue
US$9.567 billion (2017)[1]
Operating income
US$2.265 billion (2017)[1]
Net income
US$-1.016 billion (2017)[1]
Total assets
US$25.981 billion (2017)[1]
Total equity
US$8.063 billion (2017)[1]
Number of employees
~14,100 (December 2017)[1]
Subsidiaries
eBayClassifieds, Kijiji, iBazar, GittiGidiyor, Gumtree, Stubhub, Half.com, Marktplaats.nl
Website
ebay.com
Coordinates: 37°17′43″N 121°55′34″W / 37.2952°N 121.9260°W / 37.2952; -121.9260 eBay Inc. (/ˈiːˌbeɪ/ EE-bay) is a multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website. eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995, and became a notable success story of the dot-com bubble. eBay is a multibillion-dollar business with operations in about 30 countries, as of 2011.[2] The company manages eBay.com, an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a wide variety of goods and services worldwide. The website is free to use for buyers, but sellers are charged fees for listing items after a limited number of free listings, and again when those items are sold.[3]
In addition to its original auction-style sales, the website has since evolved and expanded to include "Buy It Now" shopping; shopping by UPC, ISBN, or other kind of SKU number (via Half.com); online classified advertisements (via Kijiji or eBay Classifieds); online event ticket trading (via StubHub); and other services. It previously offered online money transfers (via PayPal,[4] which was a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay from 2002 to 2015).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years
1.2 2000s
1.3 2010s
2 Corporate affairs
2.1 Board of directors
2.2 Logo
2.3 Profit and transactions
2.4 Environmental record
2.5 Acquisitions
2.5.1 PayPal
2.5.2 Craigslist
2.5.3 Skype
2.5.4 StubHub
2.5.5 Corrigon
3 Use for data analysis
3.1 Third party
3.2 Visual search
3.3 GCHQ
3.4 Items
3.4.1 Unusual items
3.4.2 Prohibited or restricted items
3.5 Bidding
3.5.1 Auction-style listings
3.5.2 Seller ratings
3.5.3 Charity auctions
3.6 Shipping
4 Controversy and criticism
4.1 2014 security breach
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
eBay headquarters in San Jose, California
Early years[edit]
The AuctionWeb was founded in California on September 3, 1995, by French-born Iranian-American computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as part of a larger personal site.[5] One of the first items sold on AuctionWeb was a broken laser pointer for $14.83. Astonished, Omidyar contacted the winning bidder to ask if he understood that the laser pointer was broken. In his responding email, the buyer explained: "I'm a collector of broken laser pointers."[6]
The frequently repeated story that eBay was founded to help Omidyar's fiancée trade Pez candy dispensers was fabricated by a public relations manager, Mary Lou Song, in 1997 to interest the media, which were not interested in the company's previous explanation about wanting to create a "perfect market".[7] This was revealed in Adam Cohen's book, The Perfect Store (2002),[5] and confirmed by eBay.[7]
Reportedly, eBay was simply a side hobby for Omidyar until his Internet service provider informed him he would need to upgrade to a business account due to the high volume of traffic to his website. The resulting price increase (from $30/month to $250) forced him to start charging those who used eBay, and was not met with any animosity.[8] It resulted in the hiring of Chris Agarpao as eBay's first additional employee to handle the number of checks coming in for fees.[citation needed]
Pierre Omidyar, founder and chairman of eBay
Jeffrey Skoll was hired as the first new president of the company in early 1996. In November 1996, eBay entered into its first third-party licensing deal, with a company called Electronic Travel Auction, to use SmartMarket Technology to sell plane tickets and other travel products. Growth was phenomenal; in January 1997 the site hosted 2,000,000 auctions, compared with 250,000 during the whole of 1996.[9]
The company officially changed the name of its service from AuctionWeb to eBay in September 1997. Originally, the site belonged to Echo Bay Technology Group, Omidyar's consulting firm. Omidyar had tried to register the domain name echobay.com, but found it already taken by the Echo Bay Mines, a gold mining company,[10] so he shortened it to his second choice, eBay.com.[11]
In 1997 the company received $6.7 million in funding from the venture capital firm Benchmark Capital.[12]
Meg Whitman was hired by the board as eBay president and CEO in March 1998. At the time, the company had 30 employees,[13] half a million users and revenues of $4.7 million in the United States.[14]
eBay went public on September 21, 1998,[15] and both Omidyar and Skoll became instant billionaires. eBay's target share price of $18 was all but ignored as the price went to $53.50 on the first day of trading.[16]
2000s[edit]
As the company expanded product categories beyond collectibles into almost any saleable item, business grew quickly.[6] In February 2002 the company purchased iBazar, a similar European auction web site founded in 1998,[17] and then bought PayPal on October 3, 2002.[18]
By early 2008 the company had expanded worldwide, counting hundreds of millions of registered users as well as 15,000 employees and revenues of almost $7.7 billion. After nearly ten years at eBay, Whitman decided to enter politics. On January 23, 2008, the company announced that Whitman would step down on March 31, 2008, and John Donahoe was selected to become president and CEO.[19] Whitman remained on the board of directors and continued to advise Donahoe through 2008. In late 2009 eBay completed the sale of Skype for $2.75 billion, but still owned 30% equity in the company.[20]
2010s[edit]
In 2012 eBay was charged by the United States Department of Justice with entering into non-solicitation agreements with other technology companies involving their highly skilled employees.[21]
On September 30, 2014, eBay announced it would spinoff PayPal into a separate publicly traded company, a demand made nine months prior by activist hedge fund magnate Carl Icahn. The spinoff completed on July 18, 2015. eBay’s then chief executive, John Donahoe, stepped down from that role.[22][23][24]
On January 31, 2018, eBay announced that they would replace PayPal as its primary payments provider with Netherlands-based start-up Adyen. The transition is set to be completed by 2021, but PayPal will remain an acceptable payment option on the site until July 2023.[25]
Corporate affairs[edit]
Board of directors[edit]
As of November 2014 the board of directors was as follows:[26]
Devin Wenig, new eBay CEO and president since 2015
Fred D. Anderson, former managing director of Elevation Partners, director of eBay since July 2003
Edward W. Barnholt, former president and CEO of Agilent Technologies, director of eBay since April 2005
Scott Cook, founder of Intuit, director of eBay since June 1998
John Donahoe, eBay’s former president and CEO since March 2008, former director of eBay since January 2008
David Dorman, non-executive chairman of Motorola, director of eBay since June 2014
William Clay Ford, Jr., executive chairman of Ford Motor Company, director of eBay since July 2005
Kathleen C. Mitic, founder and CEO of Sitch Inc, director of eBay since September 2011
David M. Moffett, former CEO of Freddie Mac, director of eBay since July 2007
Pierre Omidyar, director and chairman of eBay, since its incorporation in May 1996
Richard T. Schlosberg, former president and CEO of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, director of eBay since March 2004
Thomas J. Tierney, co-founder of the Bridgespan Group, director of eBay since March 2003
Logo[edit]
In September 2012, eBay introduced a new logo set in Univers font, but using a thinner variation of it,[27] installed on the website on October 10, 2012. It replaces the logo with a thicker variation of Univers) which had been use since its establishment in 1995.
1995–2012
2012–present
Profit and transactions[edit]
eBay generates revenue by a complex system of fees for services, listing product features, and a final value fee for sales proceeds by sellers. As of November 2012, the US-based eBay.com charges $0.10 to $2, based on the opening or reserve price, as an insertion fee for a basic auction-style listing without any adornments. The Final Value Fee amounts to 10% of the total amount of the sale, which is the price of the item plus shipping charges.[28] Fixed-price listings have an insertion fee of $0.30, and the final value fee varies based on category and total amount of the sale (e.g., 13% for DVDs & Movies up to $50).[29] The UK-based ebay.co.uk[30] takes from £0.15 to a maximum rate of £3 per £100 for an ordinary listing and up to 10% of the final price. Reduced Final Value Fees are available to business registered customers.
Under US law, a state cannot require sellers located outside the state to collect a sales tax, making purchases more attractive to buyers. Although some state laws require resident purchasers to pay use tax on out-of-state purchases, it is not a common practice.[citation needed] However, sellers that operate as a business do follow state tax regulations on eBay transactions.[31][32] However Value Added Tax (VAT), the EU countries' sales tax, is different. eBay requires sellers to include the VAT element in their listing price and not as an add-on and thus profits by collecting fees based not only on the sale price "ex VAT" but also on the VAT.[33] In a similar manner eBay also charges its Final Value Fees on all shipping charges.
The company's business strategy includes increasing international trade.[34][35] eBay has already expanded to over two dozen countries, including China and India. Strategic international expansion has failed in Taiwan and Japan, where Yahoo! had a head start, and New Zealand, where Trade Me is the dominant online auction website. eBay also notably failed in China due to competition from local rival Taobao.[36] eBay entered the Chinese market in 2002 and shut down its Chinese site in 2007.[37] In India too, eBay's operations came to a halt[38] after it sold off its India operations[39] to country's largest ecommerce company Flipkart, in the latter's $1.4Bn fundraise,[40] where eBay was a participant too.
In its Q1 2008 results, total payment volume via PayPal increased 17%, but off the eBay auction site it was up 61%.[41]
For most listing categories, eBay sellers are permitted to offer a variety of payment systems such as Escrow.com,[42] PayPal, Paymate, Propay, and Skrill.[43] Propay and Skrill were banned effective September 27, 2015, citing low usage.[44]
Escrow.com is eBay's approved escrow site. The transactions processed through Escrow.com largely are in relation to eBay Motors; however, they are not restricted to this type of listing.[42]
eBay runs an affiliate program under the name eBay Partner Network.[45] eBay affiliate marketers were originally paid a percentage of the eBay seller's transaction fees, with commissions ranging from 50% to 75% of the fees paid for an item purchased. In October 2009, eBay changed to an affiliate payout system that it calls Quality Click Pricing, in which affiliates are paid an amount determined by an undisclosed algorithm. The total earnings amount is then divided by the number of clicks the affiliate sent to eBay and is reported as Earnings Per Click, or EPC. In October 2013, ePN launched a new pricing model. The new model is more transparent and is based on category-level base commission rates with bonuses available for referring new and reactivated buyers.[46]
On April 18, 2012 eBay reported a 29% Q1 revenue increase to $3.3 billion compared to their Q1 in 2011. Net income was reported to be at $570 million for the quarter.[47]
Environmental record[edit]
On May 8, 2008, eBay announced the opening of its newest building on the company's North Campus in San Jose, which is the first structure in the city to be built from the ground up to LEED Gold standards.[48] The building, the first the company had built in its 13-year existence, uses an array of 3,248 solar panels, spanning 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2), and providing 650 kilowatts of power to eBay's campus.[49] The array can supply 15–18% of the company's total energy requirements, reducing the amount of greenhouse gases that would be produced to create that energy by other means.[49] SolarCity, the company responsible for designing the array, estimates that the solar panels installed on eBay's campus will prevent 37 million pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the environment as a result of replaced power production over the next three decades. Creating an equivalent impact to remove the same amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would require planting 322 acres (1.30 km2) of trees.
The design of the building also incorporates other elements to reduce its impact on the environment. The building is equipped with a lighting system that detects natural ambient light sources and automatically dims artificial lighting to save 39% of the power usually required to light an office building. eBay's newest building also reduces demand on local water supplies by incorporating an eco-friendly irrigation system, and low-flow shower heads and faucets. Even during construction, more than 75% of the waste from construction was recycled. eBay also runs buses between San Francisco and the San Jose campus to reduce the number of commuting vehicles.[48] In 2014, eBay and several other Oregon businesses signed the Oregon Business Climate Declaration to promote local job growth and slow carbon pollution.[50]
Acquisitions[edit]
Main article: List of acquisitions by eBay
PayPal[edit]
On October 3, 2002, PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay.[51] Its corporate headquarters were sited in San Jose, California,[52] United States at eBay's North First Street satellite office campus. On September 30, 2014, eBay Inc. announced the divestiture of PayPal as an independent company, which was completed on July 20, 2015.[53]
Craigslist[edit]
In the summer of 2004, eBay acknowledged that it had acquired 25% of classified listings website Craigslist. Former Craigslist executive Phillip Knowlton was the seller, and he insisted that his former employer was aware of his plans to divest his holdings. Initially, eBay assured Craigslist that they would not ask the company to change the way it does business.
In March 2005, eBay launched the classifieds service Kijiji. In April 2008, eBay sued Craigslist to "safeguard its four-year financial investment", claiming that in January 2008, Craigslist took actions that "unfairly diluted eBay's economic interest by more than 10%."[54] Craigslist countersued in May 2008 "to remedy the substantial and ongoing harm to fair competition" that Craigslist claimed was constituted by eBay's actions as a Craigslist shareholder.[55] In September 2010, Delaware Judge William Chandler ruled that the actions of Craigslist were unlawful and that the actions taken by Craigslist founders Jim Buckmaster and Craig Newmark had "breached their fiduciary duty of loyalty", and restored eBay's stake in the company to 28.4% from a diluted level of 24.85%.[56] However, the judge dismissed eBay's objection to a staggered board provision, citing that Craigslist has the right to protect its own trade secrets.[57][58] eBay spokesman Michael Jacobson stated "We are very pleased that the court gave eBay what it sought from the lawsuit."[56]
Skype[edit]
In October 2005, eBay Inc. acquired Skype Technologies,[59] developer of the Skype VoIP and Instant messaging service, significantly expanding its customer base to more than 480 million registered users worldwide. eBay later sold a majority stake in Skype in November 2009, while retaining a minority investment in the company.[60] This eventually led to the sale of the entire Skype business to Microsoft for $8.5 billion in May 2011.[61]
StubHub[edit]
StubHub's acquisition by eBay was announced in January 2007 for a reported $310 million.[62][63][64] According to CNN Money, 2007 was a very successful year for the company, handling five million individual transactions, more than in the previous six years combined of its history.[65] Staffing at StubHub had increased to 350 workers by the time of the sale.[64] Eight months after the acquisition, StubHub reached an exclusive agreement with Major League Baseball (MLB).[65] They get a piece of the 25% in commissions StubHub earns on either end of a sale. Ticketmaster filed a lawsuit against StubHub and eBay in 2007, alleging "intentional interference" with Ticketmaster's contractual rights.[66]
Corrigon[edit]
In October 2016, eBay acquired Corrigon, a visual search engine, for less than $30 million.[67]
Use for data analysis[edit]
eBay is a publicly visible market which has attracted an interest from economists, who have used it to analyze aspects of buying and selling behavior, auction formats, etc., comparing them with previous theoretical and empirical findings.
Computer information systems researchers have also shown interest in eBay. Michael Goul, Chairman of the Computer Information Systems department of the W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University, published an academic case based on eBay’s big data management and use in which he discusses how eBay is a data-driven company that processes 50 petabytes of data a day.[68]
eBay uses a system that allows different departments in the company to check out data from their data mart into sandboxes for analysis. According to Goul, eBay has already experienced significant business successes through its data analytics. eBay employs 5,000 data analysts to enable data-driven decision making.[68]
Third party[edit]
In 2006 the accounting software company Intuit launched a web-based donation tracking service called ItsDeductible. The service uses data from eBay to help users assign a market value to the items they donate.[69]
Visual search[edit]
In July 2017 eBay released an image search capability allowing users to find listings on the site that match an item depicted in a photo, using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies.[70]
GCHQ[edit]
UK's GCHQ has a suite of tools for monitoring target use of eBay, named ELATE.[71]
Items[edit]
Millions of collectibles, decor, appliances, computers, furnishings, equipment, domain names,[72] vehicles, and other miscellaneous items are listed, bought, or sold daily on eBay. In 2006, eBay launched its Business & Industrial category, breaking into the industrial surplus business. Generally, anything can be auctioned on the site as long as it is not illegal and does not violate the eBay Prohibited and Restricted Items policy.[73] Services and intangibles can be sold, too. Large international companies, such as IBM, sell their newest products and offer services on eBay using competitive auctions and fixed-priced storefronts. Separate eBay sites such as eBay US and eBay UK allow the users to trade using the local currency. Software developers can create applications that integrate with eBay through the eBay API by joining the eBay Developers Program.[74] In June 2005, there were more than 15,000 members in the eBay Developers Program, comprising a broad range of companies creating software applications to support eBay buyers and sellers as well as eBay Affiliates.
Numerous government and police agencies[75] around the world now use eBay as well as traditional auctions to dispose of seized and confiscated goods.
Controversy has arisen over certain items put up for bid. For instance, in late 1999 a man offered one of his kidneys for auction on eBay, attempting to profit from the potentially lucrative (and, in the United States, illegal) market for transplantable human organs.[76]
eBay North First Street satellite office campus (home to PayPal)
Beginning in August 2007, eBay required listings in "Video Games" and "Health & Beauty" to accept its payment system PayPal and sellers could only accept PayPal for payments in the category "Video Games: Consoles".[77] Starting January 10, 2008, eBay said sellers can only accept PayPal as payment for the categories "Computing > Software", "Consumer Electronics > MP3 Players", "Wholesale & Job Lots > Mobile & Home Phones", and "Business, Office & Industrial > Industrial Supply / MRO".[78] eBay announced that starting in March 2008, eBay had added to this requirement that all sellers with fewer than 100 feedbacks must offer PayPal and no merchant account may be used as an alternative.[79][80] This is in addition to the requirement that all sellers from the United Kingdom have to offer PayPal.[81]
Further, and as noted below, it was a requirement to offer PayPal on all listings in Australia and the UK. In response to concerns expressed by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, however, eBay has since removed the policy on the ebay.com.au website requiring sellers to offer PayPal as a payment option.
eBay Express logo
eBay Office in Toronto
On April 24, 2006, eBay opened its new eBay Express site, which was designed to work like a standard Internet shopping site for consumers with United States addresses.[82] It closed in 2008.[citation needed] Selected eBay items were mirrored on eBay Express, where buyers shopped using a shopping cart to purchase from multiple sellers. The UK version was launched to eBay members in mid-October 2006, but on January 29, 2008, eBay announced its intention to close the site.[83] The German version, eBay Express Germany,[84] was also opened in 2006 and closed in 2008.
At the 2008 eBay Developer's Conference, eBay announced the Selling Manager Applications program (SM Apps).[85] The program allows approved developers to integrate their applications directly into the eBay.com interface.[86] The applications created by developers are available for subscription by eBay members who also subscribe to Selling Manager.
eBay maintains a number of specialty sites including the discussion boards, groups, answer center, chat rooms, and reviews and guides. eBay's mobile offerings include SMS alerts, a WAP site, Java ME clients, and mobile applications for Windows Phone, Android OS, and Apple iPhone.
The initiative Choice in eCommerce was founded on May 8, 2013 by several online retailers in Berlin, Germany.[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] The cause was, in the view of the initiative, sales bans and online restrictions by individual manufacturers. The dealers felt cut off from their main sales channel and thus deprived them the opportunity to use online platforms like Amazon, eBay, or Rakuten in a competitive market for the benefit of their customers.
Unusual items[edit]
Main article: Unusual eBay listings
Many unusual items have been placed for sale on eBay, including at least two previously undiscovered species, including the Coelopleurus exquisitus sea urchin.[96][97]
Prohibited or restricted items[edit]
In its earliest days, eBay was nearly unregulated. However, as the site grew, it became necessary to restrict or prohibit auctions for various items. Note that some of the restrictions relate to eBay.com (the US site), while other restrictions apply to specific European sites (such as Nazi paraphernalia). Regional laws and regulations may apply to the seller or the buyer. Generally, if the sale or ownership of an item is regulated or prohibited by one or more states, eBay will not permit its listing. Among the hundred or so banned or restricted categories:
Tobacco (tobacco-related items and collectibles are accepted.)[98]
Alcohol (alcohol-related collectibles, including sealed containers, as well as some wine sales by licensed sellers are allowed, some sites such as ebay.com.au allow licensed liquor sales)[99] (eBay announced September 21, 2012, it will begin removing listings for beer and liquor from its site after a story was aired on ABC series 20/20.)[100]
Drugs and drug paraphernalia[101]
Items that "promote or glorify hatred, violence, racial, sexual, or religious intolerance, or promote organizations with such views." This includes Nazi paraphernalia, although there are exceptions to this rule for Nazi items such as stamps, letters, and envelopes displaying Nazi postmarks (must comply with the currency and stamp policy)
Historically accurate WWII military model kits that have Nazi symbols[102] and items depicting the Confederate battle flag.[103]
Bootleg recordings[104]
Firearms and ammunition (as of January 1, 1999),[105] including any parts that could be used to assemble a firearm as well as (as of July 30, 2007) any firearm part that is required for the firing of a gun, including bullet slugs, brass casings and shells, slides, cylinders, magazines, firing pins, trigger assemblies, etc. Various types of knives are also forbidden.
Police and emergency service vehicular warning equipment such as red or blue lights and sirens (antique or collectible items are exempt)
Intentionally soiled underwear (see Panty fetishism) and dirty used clothing[106]
Forged, illegal, stolen, or confidential documents, which include passports, Social Security cards, drivers licenses, voter registration cards, birth certificates, school documents, medical records, financial information, government license plates, or government classified information documents. Any item that is used to modify documents is also restricted.[107]
Human body parts, organs, and remains (with an exception for skeletons and skulls for scientific study, provided they are not Native American in origin)[108]
Live animals (with certain exceptions)[109]
Certain copyrighted works or trademarked items[110]
Lottery tickets, sweepstakes tickets, or any other gambling items.[111]
Military hardware such as working weapons or explosives with the exception of demilitarized vehicles.
Any object of Iranian, Cuban, or North Korean origin.
Enriched uranium, plutonium, and other fissile material.
Certain categories of sexually oriented material, which must be listed in the "Adult Only" category,[112] notwithstanding certain items prohibited:[112]
Child pornography
Materials deemed obscene, including bestiality, necrophilia, rape, coprophilia, and incest
Used sex toys
Services including any sexual activity
Links to sites that contain prohibited items
Adult products that are delivered digitally
Virtual items from massively multiplayer online games, restrictions that vary by country[113][114]
Ivory products[109]
Knives, other than some cutlery, are prohibited in the UK following the criminal importation into the UK (by BBC Watchdog researchers) of several knives that were already illegal to own or import under existing UK legislation. The ban also includes empty leather knife scabbards if they are listed under the category of "knives" on one of the eBay sites[115]
Fortune-telling and witchcraft-related services[116]
Souls, ghosts, and other "items whose existence cannot be verified" are prohibited.[117][118][119]
Many other items are either wholly prohibited or restricted in some manner.[120]
Bidding[edit]
Auction-style listings[edit]
Bidding on eBay (old or new)'s auction-style listing is called proxy bidding and is essentially equivalent to a Vickrey auction (sealed-bid), with the following exceptions.
The winning bidder pays the second-highest bid plus one bid increment amount (that is, some small predefined amount relative to the bid size), instead of simply the highest bid. However, since the bid increment amounts are relatively insignificant compared to the bid size, they are not considered from a strategic standpoint.[121]
The highest bidder's bid is sealed, as in a Vickrey auction, but the current winning bid (second highest plus one increment) is displayed throughout the auction to allow price discovery.[122]
Because eBay's auction-style listings are sealed-bid, it is usually to all bidders' advantage that bids are made only at the very end of the auction. Early bids will not always increase the bidder's chance of winning the auction, and will often raise the item's final price (winning bid) for the winner.
eBay also allows sellers to offer a "Buy it Now" price that will end the auction immediately. The Buy It Now price is available until someone bids on the item, or until the reserve price is met. When the Buy It Now option disappears, the auction-style listing proceeds normally.[123]
Seller ratings[edit]
In 2008, eBay implemented a system of seller ratings with four categories. Buyers are asked to rate the seller in each of these categories with a score of one to five, with five being the highest rating. Unlike the overall feedback rating, these ratings are anonymous; neither sellers nor other users learn how individual buyers rated the seller. The listings of sellers with a rating of 4.3 or below in any of the four rating categories appear lower in search results. Power Sellers are required to have scores in each category above 4.5.[124][125][126][127][128]
In a reversal of roles, on January 24, 2010, Auctionbytes.com held an open survey in which sellers could rate eBay, as well as competing auction and marketplace sites.[129] In the survey, users were asked to rank 15 sites based on five criteria: profitability, customer service, communication, ease of use, and recommendation.
eBay was ranked 13th,[130] after other large sites such as Amazon and Craigslist, as well as lesser-known selling sites such as Atomic Mall, eCRATER, and Ruby Lane. In individual category rankings, eBay was rated the worst of all the 15 sites on customer service and communication, and average on ease of use. Some respondents stated they would have given eBay a rating of 10, three to five years ago. eBay was rated twelfth out of fifteen in the Recommended Selling Venue category.
Charity auctions[edit]
Using MissionFish as an arbiter, eBay allows sellers to donate a portion of their auction proceeds to a charity of the seller's choice.[131] The program is called eBay Giving Works in the US, and eBay for Charity[132] in the UK. eBay provides a partial refund of seller fees for items sold through charity auctions.[133] As of March 4, 2010, $154 million has been raised for US nonprofits by the eBay Community since eBay Giving Works began in 2003.[134]
Some high-profile charity auctions have been advertised on the eBay home page.[135] As of June 2010, the highest successful bid on a single item for charity was for the annual "Power Lunch"[136] with investor Warren Buffett at the famous Smith & Wollensky Steakhouse in New York. The winning bid was $2.63 million with all of the proceeds going to the Glide Foundation. The winning bidder was not made public, but was able to bring up to seven friends to the lunch. In 2012, a higher bid, of $3.46 million, also going to the Glide Foundation, won a lunch with Buffet.[137] In 2016 an anonymous bidder won a $3.45 million lunch with Warren Buffett and the money raised from the auction was given to Glide Foundation.[138]
The previous highest successful bid on a single item for charity was for a letter[139] sent to Mark P. Mays, CEO of Clear Channel (parent company of Premiere Radio Networks the production company that produces The Rush Limbaugh Show and Glenn Beck Program) by Senator Harry Reid and forty other Democratic senators, complaining about comments made by conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh. The winning bid was $2,100,100, with all of the proceeds going to the Marine Corps-Law Enforcement Foundation, benefiting the education of children of men and women who have died serving in the armed forces. The winning bid was matched by Limbaugh in his largest charity donation to date.[140]
In 2007; eBay Canada partnered with Montreal-based digital branding agency CloudRaker to develop a campaign to raise money for Sainte-Justine children's hospital in Montreal. They aligned themselves with Internet phenomenon Têtes à claques to create an eBay auction based on popular T-A-C character Uncle Tom, an infomercial host who pitches absurd products. eBay and CloudRaker reproduced Uncle Tom's imaginary products, The Body Toner Fly Swatter, The Willi Waller Potato Peeler, and the LCD Shovel and sold them online. In six weeks, they raised $15,000 for Hôpital St-Justine with one fly swatter, one potato peeler, and one shovel, a world record. The Body Toner Fly Swatter sold for $8,600, the Willi Waller Potato Peeler sold for $3,550, and the LCD Shovel sold for $2,146.21.
Shipping[edit]
During auction setup, eBay provides shipping-method choices to sellers: ordinary mail, express mail, and/or courier service. The seller may choose to offer only one shipping method to buyers; or the seller may offer buyers a choice of options.
Very-low-value items shipped directly from China are sometimes shipped by surface mail (sea mail), which is inexpensive but takes one to two months.[141] If the buyer is in a hurry, he or she might be able to pay an extra fee to upgrade to second-class Surface Air Lifted shipping or to first-class airmail shipping.
Since 2012, eBay has been enlisting sellers into its "Global Shipping Program". If a seller uses the program, non-domestic buyers pay a fee to Pitney Bowes. The seller sends the item to a Pitney Bowes facility in the US (or UK), which then forwards it to the buyer, taking care of all international shipping requirements. The program is claimed to enhance the product selection available to international buyers.[142]
Controversy and criticism[edit]
Main article: Criticism of eBay
Common eBay criticisms involve the policy of requiring the use of PayPal for payments and concerns over fraud, forgeries and intellectual property violations in auction items.[citation needed] There are also issues of how negative feedback after an auction can offset the benefits of using eBay as a trading platform.[citation needed] eBay has been criticized for not paying UK taxes: the Sunday Times reported in October 2012 that eBay paid only £1.2m in tax on sales of over £800m.[143]
2014 security breach[edit]
On May 21, 2014 the company revealed that the consumer database of usernames, passwords, phone numbers, and physical addresses had been breached between late February and early March. Users were advised to change their passwords; to expedite this, a "change password" feature was added to profiles of users who had not yet done so. The Syrian Electronic Army took responsibility for the attack. The SEA said that even though the hack revealed millions of users' banking details to them, they would not misuse the data. They had replaced the front pages of the websites with their own logo, called "Defacing" in technical terms. The hack caused eBay's share price to crash in intra-day trade as a result of the breach of security.[144][145][146][147]
See also[edit]
Alibaba Group, Chinese e-commerce company
eBay v. Bidder's Edge
Tiffany (NJ) Inc. v. eBay Inc.
San Francisco Bay Area portal
Companies portal
Internet portal
Business and Economics portal
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text:
CASA ratio
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
CASA ratio of select Indian banks
Bank
CASA Ratio
Date
HDFC Bank 52% 2017 [1]
Yes Bank 22.5% September 2014 [1]
Axis Bank 40% September 2014[1]
Kotak Mahindra Bank 31% September 2014[1]
ICICI Bank 43.7% September 2014[1]
IndusInd Bank 34.12% March 2015[2]
CASA ratio stands for current and savings account ratio. CASA ratio of a bank is the ratio of deposits in current and saving accounts to total deposits. A higher CASA ratio indicates a lower cost of funds, because banks do not usually give any interests on current account deposits and the interest on saving accounts is usually very low 3-4%.[3] If a large part of a bank's deposits comes from these funds, it means that the bank is getting those funds at a relative lower cost. It is generally understood that a higher CASA ratio leads to higher net interest margin. In India, it is used as one of the metrics to assess the profitability of a bank.[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Formula
2 See also
3 References
4 Further reading
Formula[edit]
C A S A R a t i o = ( C A S A D e p o s i t T o t a l D e p o s i t s ) {\displaystyle {CASARatio}=\left({\frac {CASADeposit}{TotalDeposits}}\right)}
See also[edit]
Banking in India
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "HDFC Bank loses its Casa-leader slot". Business Standard. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "IndusInd Bank Q4 net rises 25%". The Hindu Business Line. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ R. Narayanaswamy (2 April 2014). Financial Accounting: A Managerial Perspective. PHI Learning. p. 589. ISBN 978-81-203-4949-0. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "What is CASA ratio?". The Economic Times. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Banks’ CASA deposits grow 33%: What it means". Yahoo. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Further reading[edit]
"What is CASA ratio?". The Economic Times. 10 May 2009.
"De-jargoned: CASA". Live Mint. 6 February 2013.
This finance-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
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text:
Joey Lauren Adams
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Joey Lauren Adams
Adams at the June 2015 Florida SuperCon
Born
(1968-01-09) January 9, 1968 (age 50)
North Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.
Residence
Beverly Hills California, U.S.
Occupation
Actress, director
Years active
1991–present
Joey Lauren Adams (born January 9, 1968)[1][2] is an American actress and director who has appeared in more than 40 films. She appeared in several Kevin Smith View Askewniverse films, including Chasing Amy, where she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Personal life
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
4 References
5 External links
Career[edit]
Adams began her film career in 1977 with a small role in Exorcist II: The Heretic. From there she began to find larger roles. In 1991, Adams appeared in "Top of the Heap", the 100th episode of Married... with Children, and subsequently starred in its short-lived spinoff. In 1993, Adams landed her first major film role as Simone in Richard Linklater's Dazed and Confused. The same year, she appeared in the Saturday Night Live spinoff film Coneheads as one of Connie Conehead's friends.
Two years later, Adams appeared in Mallrats, written and directed by Kevin Smith. The two started dating during the film's post-production, and their relationship provided the inspiration for Smith's next film, Chasing Amy. The relationship did not last long but ended on friendly terms. Meanwhile, in 1996, while Smith was finalizing the script for Chasing Amy, Adams was cast in the slapstick comedy Bio-Dome, which was directed by Jason Bloom. Adams played the role of Monique, Bud Macintosh's (Pauly Shore) girlfriend.[3]
In 1997's Chasing Amy, Adams played the lead role of Alyssa Jones, a lesbian who falls in love with a man, played by Ben Affleck. Later, Smith would describe Chasing Amy as a "sort of penance/valentine" and a "thank-you homage" to Adams.[4] In addition to her acting work on the film, Adams wrote and performed the song "Alive" for the film's soundtrack.[3]
Adams' performance in Chasing Amy earned her both the 1997 Chicago Film Critics Award and Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Most Promising Actress, and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress-Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. From there, Adams was originally slated to play the female lead in Smith's next film, 1999's Dogma, but Linda Fiorentino ultimately was assigned the role.[5] However, she would later make brief appearances in two other Smith projects: the 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, and the 2004 animated short Clerks: The Lost Scene, featured on the Clerks X DVD. In both of these appearances, Adams reprises the Alyssa Jones role.[3]
Her post-Smith projects included playing a spunky veterinarian's assistant who falls in love with a single father (Vince Vaughn) in 1998's A Cool, Dry Place. The following year, Adams appeared in her first big-budget Hollywood release, playing Adam Sandler's love interest in the successful comedy Big Daddy. She then went on to appear in many smaller films, including Beautiful and In the Shadows.[3] In 2005, she had a guest role in an episode of the TV series Veronica Mars.
Also in 2006, Adams released her directorial debut film, Come Early Morning, starring Ashley Judd, Jeffrey Donovan, Diane Ladd, Tim Blake Nelson and Laura Prepon. The film, shot on location in Little Rock, Arkansas, was selected for the 2006 Sundance Film Festival.[3]
In 2006, she, along with Lian Lunson and Nicole Holofcener, was awarded the Women in Film Dorothy Arzner Directors Award.[6] On November 24, 2009, Interscope Records released Adams' directorial debut for a music video entitled "Belle of the Boulevard" by Dashboard Confessional.
Adams returned to TV in March 2010, on the Showtime series The United States of Tara. She appeared in six episodes as Pammy, a barmaid who falls for Buck, one of the title character's alternate personalities.
Regarding her unique voice she has commented: "It's not a normal voice. It doesn't fit into people's preconceptions about what a woman's voice should sound like. My mom doesn't think I have an unusual voice, though. I'm sure it's helped me get some roles. But Chasing Amy I almost didn't get. There was concern the voice would grate on some people, which some critics said it did."[7] One film critic referred to her voice as a "sex-kitten-on-helium".[8] Another said that whether viewers loved it or hated it, her voice had "the potential to hypnotize."[9]
Personal life[edit]
Adams was born in North Little Rock, Arkansas, the youngest of three children. Her father was a lumber yard owner.[1] Adams grew up in the Overbrook neighborhood of North Little Rock and graduated from North Little Rock Northeast High School in 1986. She announced her intention to pursue acting after an exchange-student year in Australia.[9] She currently resides in Beverly Hills, California.
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1993 Coneheads Christina
1993 Dazed and Confused Simone Kerr
1993 Program, TheThe Program Louanne Winters
1993 Pros & Cons of Breathing, TheThe Pros & Cons of Breathing Shirley
1994 Sleep with Me Lauren
1994 S.F.W. Monica Dice
1995 Mallrats Gwen Turner
1996 Bio-Dome Monique
1996 Drawing Flies Hippy Chick
1996 Michael Anita
1997 Chasing Amy Alyssa Jones Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising Actress
Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (with Carmen Llywelyn)
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance
1999 Cool, Dry Place, AA Cool, Dry Place Beth Ward
1999 Big Daddy Layla Maloney Nominated—Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actress – Comedy
2000 Bruno Donna Marie
2000 Beautiful Ruby
2001 Harvard Man Chesney Cort
2001 Dr. Dolittle 2 Squirrel (voice)
2001 Reaching Normal Sarah
2001 In the Shadows Clarissa Huston
2001 Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back Alyssa Jones
2002 Grand Champion Hallie
2002 Beeper Inspector Julia Hyde
2003 Big Empty, TheThe Big Empty Grace
2004 Gunman, TheThe Gunman Daphne
2005 Conflict Ricci Storm Short film
2006 Break-Up, TheThe Break-Up Addie
2007 Bunny Whipped Ann
2008 Trucker Jenny Bell
2009 ExTerminators Kim
2010 Endure Sirena Lane
2011 Big Swim The Egg
2011 Apart Dr. Jane Sheppard
2012 Birthday Present, TheThe Birthday Present Mom Short film
2012 Mulberry Stains Savannah
2012 Art Machine Prudence
2013 Blue Caprice Jamie
2013 Country Christmas, AA Country Christmas Renae Logan
2013 She Loves Me Not Beth
2014 Making the Rules Becca
2014 Sequoia Bev
2014 Valley Inn Althea
2014 Animal Vicky
2014 All the Birds Have Flown South Tonya
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1991 Top of the Heap Mona Mullins 7 episodes
1991 Married... with Children Mona Mullins Episode: "Top of the Heap"
1991 Married... with Children Cousin Effie Episode: "Buck Has a Belly Ache"
1992 Vinnie & Bobby Mona Mullins 5 episodes
1992 CBS Schoolbreak Special Dianne Episode: "Words Up!"
1993 Married... with Children Janie Episode: "Wedding Show"
1995 Love & War Vicky Episode: "Atlantic City"
1995 Out of Order Whitney Episode: "Strange Habit"
1995 Double Rush Dee Dee Episode: "Slamming Into a Car Isn't Good"
1996 Second Noah Darby 5 episodes
1999 Hercules Electra (voice) Episode: "Hercules and the Complex Electra"
2003 As Told by Ginger Thea Mipson Episode: "Far from Home"
2003–04 Stripperella Catt (voice) 2 episodes
2005 What's New, Scooby-Doo? Rachel (voice) Episode: "A Scooby-Doo Valentine"
2005 Veronica Mars Geena Stafford Episode: "Weapons of Class Destruction"
2009–10 Party Down Diandra Stiltskin 2 episodes
2010 Tough Trade Shawnelle Television film
2010 United States of Tara Pammy 6 episodes
2010 Frenemies Joy Hardwick Unsold TV pilot
2012 Supermoms Kelly Unsold TV pilot
2013–14 Switched at Birth Jeniece Papagus 4 episodes
2015 Grey's Anatomy Dr. Tracy McConnell Episode: "Sledgehammer"
2016–17 Still the King Debbie Lynn Cooke 26 episodes
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Slotek, Jim (August 17, 1999). "She Can Speak Hollywoodese Baby-Voiced Joey Lauren Adams Has Learned That Money Talks". The Toronto Sun. "I thought after Chasing Amy, I would be able to do anything I want, which definitely wasn't the case," the 31-year-old actress says.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Bob (July 28, 2000). "The Naughty Professor Adams Leaves Her 'Nice Girl' Image Behind With Harvard Man". The Toronto Sun. That's what the 32-year-old Adams was doing this week while shooting James Toback's film, Harvard Man, at the Jarvis St. high school auditorium.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Joey Lauren Adams on IMDb
Jump up ^ Smith, Kevin. "The Hows and Whys of Chasing Amy". Liner note essay for the Chasing Amy DVD. The Criterion Collection
Jump up ^ Smith, Kevin. "In The Beginning... The Story of Dogma". Liner note essay for the Dogma DVD. Columbia TriStar
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
Jump up ^ Slotek, Jim (August 17, 1999). "She can speak Hollywoodese". Jam! Showbiz. Canoe.ca. Retrieved June 13, 2006.
Jump up ^ Flint Marx, Rebecca. "Joey Lauren Adams". The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnett Reed, Jennifer (June 2, 2005). "A friend in low places". Arkansas Times. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
External links[edit]
Joey Lauren Adams on IMDb
Joey Lauren Adams at AllMovie
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb14024023r (data)
GND: 13550290X
ISNI: 0000 0001 1072 8781
LCCN: nr98006865
MusicBrainz: 9bed2a7d-d07e-4bcc-bf05-81a57d64d873
NKC: xx0066170
VIAF: 80227469
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joey_Lauren_Adams&oldid=832650196"
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