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French presidential election, 2017
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French presidential election, 2017
← 2012 23 April 2017 (first round)
7 May 2017 (second round) 2022 →
Nominee
Emmanuel Macron Marine Le Pen
Party
EM FN
Popular vote
20,743,128 10,638,475
Percentage
66.1% 33.9%
Results of the second round by department
Emmanuel Macron Marine Le Pen
President before election
François Hollande
PS
Elected President
Emmanuel Macron
EM
The 2017 French presidential election was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017. As no candidate won a majority in the first round on 23 April, a run-off was held between the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN), which Macron won by a decisive margin on 7 May. The presidential election was followed by legislative elections to elect members of the National Assembly on 11 and 18 June. Incumbent president François Hollande of the Socialist Party (PS) was eligible to run for a second term, but declared on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek reelection in light of low approval ratings, making him the first incumbent president of the Fifth Republic not to seek re-election.
François Fillon of the Republicans (LR), after winning the party's first open primary, and Marine Le Pen of the National Front led first-round opinion polls in November 2016 and mid-January 2017. Polls tightened considerably by late January, and after the publication of revelations that Fillon employed family members in possibly fictitious jobs in a series of politico-financial affairs that came to be colloquially known as "Penelopegate", Macron overtook Fillon to place consistently second in first-round polling. At the same time, Benoît Hamon won the Socialist primary, entering fourth place in the polls. After strong debate performances, Jean-Luc Mélenchon of la France Insoumise rose significantly in polls in late March, overtaking Hamon to place just below Fillon.
The first round was held under a state of emergency that was declared following the November 2015 Paris attacks.[1] Following the result of the first round, Macron and Le Pen continued to the 7 May runoff.[2] It was the first time since 2002 that a National Front candidate continued to the second round and the first time in the history of the Fifth Republic that the runoff did not include a nominee of the traditional left or right parties;[3] their combined share of the vote from eligible voters, at approximately 26%, was also a historic low.[4]
Estimations of the result of the second round on 7 May indicated that Macron had been elected by a decisive margin, and Le Pen immediately conceded defeat.[5] After the Interior Ministry published preliminary results, the official result of the second round was proclaimed by the Constitutional Council on 10 May. Macron took office on 14 May, becoming the youngest president in French history and youngest head of state since Napoleon, and named Édouard Philippe as Prime Minister on 15 May; the initial government was assembled on 17 May, and legislative elections on 11 and 18 June gave Macron a substantial majority.
Contents
[hide]
1 Results
1.1 First round
1.1.1 By department
1.1.2 By region
1.1.3 Maps
1.2 Second round
1.2.1 By department
1.2.2 By region
1.2.3 Maps
2 Background
3 Candidates
4 Non-candidates
4.1 Socialist Party (PS)
4.2 Democratic Movement (MoDem)
4.3 Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV)
5 Primaries
5.1 The Republicans (LR)
5.2 Socialist Party (PS)
6 Fillon affair (Penelopegate)
7 Other incidents
8 First round
8.1 Debates
9 Second round
9.1 Debate
10 Opinion polls
11 International reactions
12 Post-election
13 References
14 External links
Results[edit]
First-place candidate by department in the first round
Emmanuel Macron
Marine Le Pen
François Fillon
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
e • d Summary of the 23 April and 7 May 2017 French presidential election results
Candidate
Party
1st round
2nd round
Votes
%
Votes
%
Emmanuel Macron En Marche! EM 8,656,346 24.01 20,743,128 66.10
Marine Le Pen National Front FN 7,678,491 21.30 10,638,475 33.90
François Fillon The Republicans LR 7,212,995 20.01
Jean-Luc Mélenchon La France Insoumise FI 7,059,951 19.58
Benoît Hamon Socialist Party PS 2,291,288 6.36
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan Debout la France DLF 1,695,000 4.70
Jean Lassalle Résistons! 435,301 1.21
Philippe Poutou New Anticapitalist Party NPA 394,505 1.09
François Asselineau Popular Republican Union UPR 332,547 0.92
Nathalie Arthaud Lutte Ouvrière LO 232,384 0.64
Jacques Cheminade Solidarity and Progress S&P 65,586 0.18
Total 36,054,394 100.00 31,381,603 100.00
Valid votes 36,054,394 97.43 31,381,603 88.48
Blank ballots 659,997 1.78 3,021,499 8.52
Null ballots 289,337 0.78 1,064,225 3.00
Turnout 37,003,728 77.77 35,467,327 74.56
Abstentions 10,578,455 22.23 12,101,366 25.44
Registered voters 47,582,183 47,568,693
Official results published by the Constitutional Council – 1st round result · 2nd round result
First round[edit]
By department[edit]
[show]Department
Emmanuel
Macron
Marine
Le Pen
François
Fillon
Jean-Luc
Mélenchon
Benoît
Hamon
Nicolas
Dupont-Aignan
Jean
Lassalle
Philippe
Poutou
François
Asselineau
Nathalie
Arthaud
Jacques
Cheminade
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Ain 73,692 22.62 81,455 25.00 69,805 21.43 51,736 15.88 16,711 5.13 19,788 6.07 3,465 1.06 3,098 0.95 3,612 1.11 1,842 0.57 595 0.18
Aisne 51,680 17.94 102,770 35.67 46,969 16.30 48,950 16.99 12,230 4.24 14,651 5.08 2,264 0.79 3,156 1.10 2,171 0.75 2,763 0.96 536 0.19
Allier 45,651 23.72 43,004 22.34 36,457 18.94 38,311 19.91 10,619 5.52 9,795 5.09 2,986 1.55 2,322 1.21 1,422 0.74 1,540 0.80 353 0.18
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence 19,960 20.02 24,463 24.53 18,442 18.49 22,448 22.51 4,983 5.00 4,861 4.87 1,721 1.73 1,178 1.18 932 0.93 521 0.52 205 0.21
Hautes-Alpes 18,948 21.80 18,474 21.25 16,645 19.15 18,796 21.62 5,109 5.88 4,938 5.68 1,609 1.85 1,049 1.21 783 0.90 411 0.47 165 0.19
Alpes-Maritimes 111,953 19.04 163,141 27.75 161,036 27.39 87,941 14.96 21,067 3.58 25,175 4.28 5,262 0.90 3,622 0.62 6,067 1.03 1,729 0.29 939 0.16
Ardèche 42,320 21.64 45,305 23.17 33,835 17.30 42,622 21.80 11,757 6.01 9,926 5.08 3,546 1.81 2,602 1.33 1,969 1.01 1,303 0.67 371 0.19
Ardennes 26,912 18.33 47,578 32.41 25,273 17.22 26,172 17.83 7,234 4.93 7,810 5.32 1,406 0.96 1,693 1.15 1,080 0.74 1,378 0.94 267 0.18
Ariège 19,523 20.92 20,247 21.70 11,892 12.75 24,970 26.76 7,326 7.85 3,369 3.61 3,304 3.54 1,180 1.26 799 0.86 556 0.60 140 0.15
Aube 30,565 18.98 48,846 30.33 37,122 23.05 22,496 13.97 6,545 4.06 10,235 6.35 1,159 0.72 1,387 0.86 1,317 0.82 1,107 0.69 289 0.18
Aude 43,015 20.07 60,585 28.26 32,281 15.06 46,126 21.52 13,614 6.35 8,265 3.86 4,642 2.17 2,507 1.17 1,783 0.83 1,195 0.56 348 0.16
Aveyron 45,584 25.83 28,588 16.20 36,664 20.78 34,689 19.66 10,878 6.16 8,554 4.85 6,461 3.66 2,322 1.32 1,304 0.74 1,106 0.63 313 0.18
Bouches-du-Rhône 203,312 19.37 286,397 27.28 207,466 19.76 231,194 22.02 47,564 4.53 40,447 3.85 10,040 0.96 8,006 0.76 9,418 0.90 4,114 0.39 1,740 0.17
Calvados 99,720 24.83 81,770 20.36 82,340 20.50 75,620 18.83 27,293 6.80 20,079 5.00 2,911 0.72 5,269 1.31 2,830 0.70 3,099 0.77 691 0.17
Cantal 24,477 26.73 16,641 18.17 21,589 23.58 14,566 15.91 4,810 5.25 4,047 4.42 2,840 3.10 1,179 1.29 527 0.58 692 0.76 198 0.22
Charente 49,889 25.07 42,598 21.40 33,744 16.96 40,755 20.48 12,569 6.32 10,008 5.03 3,085 1.55 2,724 1.37 1,540 0.77 1,651 0.83 450 0.23
Charente-Maritime 91,355 23.91 80,764 21.14 78,659 20.59 72,491 18.97 22,023 5.76 20,333 5.32 5,276 1.38 4,876 1.28 3,020 0.79 2,576 0.67 692 0.18
Cher 38,076 22.05 41,753 24.18 32,967 19.09 33,694 19.51 9,157 5.30 9,554 5.53 1,925 1.11 2,106 1.22 1,479 0.86 1,630 0.94 345 0.20
Corrèze 39,218 26.93 25,253 17.34 25,427 17.46 30,357 20.85 9,263 6.36 7,049 4.84 4,253 2.92 2,319 1.59 1,094 0.75 1,051 0.72 329 0.23
Corse-du-Sud 13,022 17.87 20,858 28.62 18,714 25.68 10,085 13.84 2,546 3.49 2,218 3.04 3,948 5.42 657 0.90 485 0.67 218 0.30 117 0.16
Haute-Corse 15,506 19.02 22,183 27.22 20,739 25.44 11,229 13.78 3,234 3.97 2,244 2.75 4,763 5.84 717 0.88 480 0.59 277 0.34 136 0.17
Côte-d'Or 67,436 23.65 64,200 22.52 60,625 21.26 50,859 17.84 16,810 5.90 14,980 5.25 2,635 0.92 2,818 0.99 2,457 0.86 1,795 0.63 509 0.18
Côtes-d'Armor 104,969 27.99 61,703 16.46 68,916 18.38 76,013 20.27 32,260 8.60 15,958 4.26 3,554 0.95 5,468 1.46 2,479 0.66 3,028 0.81 621 0.17
Creuse 15,807 22.50 13,966 19.88 12,637 17.99 14,827 21.11 5,494 7.82 3,521 5.01 1,352 1.92 1,209 1.72 580 0.83 684 0.97 174 0.25
Dordogne 55,945 22.49 52,044 20.93 42,510 17.09 57,132 22.97 15,783 6.35 11,424 4.59 6,050 2.43 3,578 1.44 2,128 0.86 1,626 0.65 490 0.20
Doubs 63,954 22.50 66,635 23.45 59,929 21.09 50,803 17.88 16,318 5.74 14,733 5.18 2,532 0.89 3,565 1.25 3,129 1.10 2,051 0.72 530 0.19
Drôme 63,164 21.88 68,996 23.90 53,403 18.50 58,037 20.10 17,385 6.02 14,997 5.19 3,868 1.34 3,174 1.10 2,988 1.03 2,196 0.76 533 0.18
Eure 66,986 19.89 98,719 29.31 63,436 18.84 58,844 17.47 16,999 5.05 19,096 5.67 2,602 0.77 3,933 1.17 2,927 0.87 2,633 0.78 602 0.18
Eure-et-Loir 51,038 21.74 58,886 25.08 51,275 21.84 38,035 16.20 12,317 5.25 14,103 6.01 1,942 0.83 2,659 1.13 2,253 0.96 1,817 0.77 454 0.19
Finistère 164,095 29.45 77,366 13.89 99,965 17.94 109,607 19.67 60,781 10.91 22,737 4.08 6,192 1.11 8,250 1.48 3,697 0.66 3,638 0.65 857 0.15
Gard 79,006 18.78 123,273 29.30 72,366 17.20 90,905 21.61 20,473 4.87 17,808 4.23 5,946 1.41 4,044 0.96 4,096 0.97 2,092 0.50 673 0.16
Haute-Garonne 190,128 26.43 120,225 16.71 118,608 16.49 170,446 23.69 60,180 8.37 27,833 3.87 14,445 2.01 7,116 0.99 5,955 0.83 3,166 0.44 1,291 0.18
Gers 27,775 23.40 23,387 19.71 21,312 17.96 23,089 19.45 9,527 8.03 5,378 4.53 5,059 4.26 1,254 1.06 1,037 0.87 677 0.57 188 0.16
Gironde 222,287 26.13 155,319 18.26 145,283 17.08 185,888 21.85 64,300 7.56 35,530 4.18 16,460 1.93 13,233 1.56 7,013 0.82 3,980 0.47 1,527 0.18
Hérault 128,621 20.52 161,119 25.70 110,339 17.60 143,996 22.97 36,180 5.77 23,159 3.69 8,461 1.35 5,660 0.90 5,919 0.94 2,496 0.40 894 0.14
Ille-et-Vilaine 181,373 30.26 84,648 14.12 114,034 19.03 118,096 19.70 53,418 8.91 26,822 4.48 4,531 0.76 7,065 1.18 3,994 0.67 4,339 0.72 1,021 0.17
Indre 27,301 20.85 31,985 24.43 25,476 19.46 24,938 19.05 7,786 5.95 7,177 5.48 1,728 1.32 1,757 1.34 1,098 0.84 1,390 1.06 298 0.23
Indre-et-Loire 83,165 24.47 64,522 18.98 72,196 21.24 65,931 19.40 22,898 6.74 18,452 5.43 2,929 0.86 3,907 1.15 2,620 0.77 2,606 0.77 679 0.20
Isère 164,091 24.77 147,910 22.33 112,927 17.05 135,949 20.52 43,652 6.59 33,773 5.10 6,537 0.99 6,382 0.96 6,558 0.99 3,595 0.54 1,140 0.17
Jura 31,896 21.33 36,110 24.14 28,373 18.97 30,331 20.28 7,589 5.07 8,533 5.71 1,994 1.33 1,980 1.32 1,330 0.89 1,148 0.77 285 0.19
Landes 61,043 24.63 44,956 18.14 42,464 17.13 49,949 20.15 21,550 8.69 11,021 4.45 10,485 4.23 2,875 1.16 1,916 0.77 1,235 0.50 372 0.15
Loir-et-Cher 40,639 20.98 48,662 25.12 42,756 22.07 31,576 16.30 10,956 5.66 11,646 6.01 1,843 0.95 2,198 1.13 1,516 0.78 1,542 0.80 404 0.21
Loire 90,677 23.17 94,222 24.08 71,848 18.36 73,388 18.75 22,698 5.80 22,689 5.80 5,041 1.29 4,107 1.05 3,483 0.89 2,547 0.65 667 0.17
Haute-Loire 32,821 23.51 32,185 23.06 25,956 18.60 25,419 18.21 7,435 5.33 8,346 5.98 3,112 2.23 1,928 1.38 1,050 0.75 1,043 0.75 282 0.20
Loire-Atlantique 232,602 28.66 111,194 13.70 159,703 19.68 178,357 21.98 65,140 8.03 36,546 4.50 6,029 0.74 9,618 1.19 6,129 0.76 4,785 0.59 1,354 0.17
Loiret 83,506 23.48 83,662 23.53 75,655 21.28 58,134 16.35 20,438 5.75 21,128 5.94 3,203 0.90 3,655 1.03 3,109 0.87 2,380 0.67 702 0.20
Lot 29,527 26.65 17,865 16.13 18,459 16.66 26,014 23.48 7,951 7.18 4,550 4.11 3,073 2.77 1,528 1.38 871 0.79 723 0.65 226 0.20
Lot-et-Garonne 39,253 20.79 47,271 25.03 34,828 18.44 36,018 19.08 10,639 5.63 9,407 4.98 6,083 3.22 2,292 1.21 1,660 0.88 1,044 0.55 327 0.17
Lozère 10,463 21.73 9,097 18.89 10,986 22.82 9,483 19.70 2,733 5.68 2,197 4.56 1,764 3.66 683 1.42 354 0.74 294 0.61 93 0.19
Maine-et-Loire 121,685 26.51 77,935 16.98 108,888 23.73 78,293 17.06 29,553 6.44 25,321 5.52 3,483 0.76 5,696 1.24 3,439 0.75 3,860 0.84 805 0.18
Manche 74,683 24.86 61,620 20.51 64,909 21.60 51,026 16.98 19,238 6.40 17,052 5.68 2,520 0.84 4,134 1.38 2,048 0.68 2,593 0.86 623 0.21
Marne 60,958 20.75 82,473 28.07 65,081 22.15 44,424 15.12 13,683 4.66 16,896 5.75 2,350 0.80 2,762 0.94 2,441 0.83 2,176 0.74 525 0.18
Haute-Marne 18,438 18.00 34,027 33.22 19,590 19.12 15,380 15.01 4,292 4.19 6,417 6.26 1,126 1.10 1,233 1.20 813 0.79 926 0.90 198 0.19
Mayenne 46,938 26.04 30,465 16.90 48,772 27.06 26,798 14.87 10,247 5.69 10,107 5.61 1,525 0.85 2,242 1.24 1,182 0.66 1,627 0.90 329 0.18
Meurthe-et-Moselle 83,703 22.04 98,194 25.86 62,654 16.50 77,400 20.38 23,632 6.22 19,331 5.09 3,236 0.85 4,483 1.18 3,458 0.91 2,942 0.77 733 0.19
Meuse 20,713 19.35 34,602 32.32 19,287 18.02 16,020 14.97 4,918 4.59 6,802 6.35 1,294 1.21 1,430 1.34 856 0.80 886 0.83 237 0.22
Morbihan 130,639 27.86 82,927 17.69 97,900 20.88 82,020 17.49 34,368 7.33 22,411 4.78 4,820 1.03 6,309 1.35 3,249 0.69 3,291 0.70 901 0.19
Moselle 117,738 21.05 158,542 28.35 96,003 17.17 100,118 17.90 29,480 5.27 32,525 5.82 5,763 1.03 6,975 1.25 5,977 1.07 4,929 0.88 1,167 0.21
Nièvre 27,356 22.71 29,817 24.76 20,773 17.25 23,079 19.16 7,854 6.52 6,446 5.35 1,365 1.13 1,547 1.28 959 0.80 1,004 0.83 234 0.19
Nord 268,723 19.85 382,030 28.22 226,710 16.75 288,115 21.28 76,531 5.65 65,245 4.82 8,535 0.63 13,151 0.97 11,450 0.85 10,975 0.81 2,338 0.17
Oise 86,680 19.80 135,188 30.88 76,783 17.54 77,415 17.68 20,525 4.69 23,936 5.47 3,414 0.78 4,682 1.07 4,666 1.07 3,677 0.84 827 0.19
Orne 35,815 21.57 39,532 23.81 41,084 24.74 24,542 14.78 8,659 5.21 9,644 5.81 1,480 0.89 2,147 1.29 1,291 0.78 1,513 0.91 350 0.21
Pas-de-Calais 153,682 18.45 286,147 34.35 119,077 14.29 159,342 19.13 43,084 5.17 41,427 4.97 5,832 0.70 9,002 1.08 5,484 0.66 8,667 1.04 1,408 0.17
Puy-de-Dôme 96,797 27.15 63,030 17.68 58,432 16.39 78,417 21.99 25,814 7.24 15,635 4.38 7,348 2.06 4,730 1.33 2,910 0.82 2,699 0.76 755 0.21
Pyrénées-Atlantiques 103,958 26.28 54,376 13.74 71,858 18.16 78,803 19.92 30,589 7.73 14,727 3.72 29,882 7.55 6,371 1.61 2,782 0.70 1,799 0.45 508 0.13
Hautes-Pyrénées 35,070 25.11 25,947 18.57 20,220 14.48 32,148 23.01 9,935 7.11 5,876 4.21 6,928 4.96 1,575 1.13 1,023 0.73 767 0.55 200 0.14
Pyrénées-Orientales 49,245 18.46 80,169 30.05 45,865 17.19 56,392 21.14 13,455 5.04 9,741 3.65 4,634 1.74 3,053 1.14 2,303 0.86 1,477 0.55 453 0.17
Bas-Rhin 133,347 22.29 147,714 24.70 131,564 22.00 88,420 14.78 31,931 5.34 39,299 6.57 6,420 1.07 6,549 1.09 6,841 1.14 4,823 0.81 1,197 0.20
Haut-Rhin 79,798 19.76 109,704 27.16 90,237 22.34 57,856 14.32 18,694 4.63 28,562 7.07 5,004 1.24 4,727 1.17 5,217 1.29 3,101 0.77 1,010 0.25
Rhône 236,137 26.58 144,476 16.26 205,781 23.16 175,051 19.70 60,094 6.76 38,429 4.33 6,703 0.75 7,146 0.80 9,188 1.03 4,061 0.46 1,446 0.16
Haute-Saône 27,332 19.59 43,753 31.36 25,184 18.05 22,150 15.88 6,596 4.73 8,176 5.86 1,512 1.08 2,021 1.45 1,206 0.86 1,325 0.95 267 0.19
Saône-et-Loire 69,212 22.33 75,258 24.28 60,100 19.39 55,249 17.83 19,184 6.19 18,961 6.12 3,153 1.02 3,588 1.16 2,535 0.82 2,201 0.71 510 0.16
Sarthe 64,618 20.04 67,083 20.80 92,261 28.61 56,851 17.63 17,195 5.33 13,657 4.24 2,141 0.66 3,565 1.11 2,074 0.64 2,452 0.76 547 0.17
Savoie 55,871 23.13 52,448 21.71 50,815 21.04 45,013 18.63 13,752 5.69 13,673 5.66 3,152 1.30 2,578 1.07 2,608 1.08 1,219 0.50 430 0.18
Haute-Savoie 100,174 24.23 77,919 18.84 105,057 25.41 67,079 16.22 21,805 5.27 24,785 5.99 4,649 1.12 4,263 1.03 5,021 1.21 1,919 0.46 827 0.20
Paris 375,006 34.83 53,719 4.99 284,744 26.45 210,548 19.56 109,550 10.18 17,997 1.67 5,490 0.51 6,799 0.63 8,337 0.77 2,897 0.27 1,472 0.14
Seine-Maritime 145,756 21.23 170,945 24.90 118,336 17.24 152,394 22.20 41,516 6.05 33,036 4.81 4,383 0.64 8,321 1.21 5,205 0.76 5,356 0.78 1,278 0.19
Seine-et-Marne 157,314 23.11 155,521 22.85 120,968 17.77 141,827 20.84 38,772 5.70 41,505 6.10 5,182 0.76 6,354 0.93 8,195 1.20 3,706 0.54 1,247 0.18
Yvelines 219,063 28.86 98,024 12.92 206,835 27.25 126,345 16.65 52,564 6.93 32,906 4.34 5,371 0.71 5,448 0.72 8,148 1.07 2,872 0.38 1,358 0.18
Deux-Sèvres 57,826 26.97 38,640 18.02 40,195 18.75 41,609 19.41 14,950 6.97 11,356 5.30 2,599 1.21 3,483 1.62 1,478 0.69 1,869 0.87 393 0.18
Somme 69,520 21.75 97,081 30.37 51,834 16.22 59,491 18.61 14,260 4.46 15,462 4.84 2,365 0.74 3,661 1.15 2,272 0.71 3,111 0.97 579 0.18
Tarn 51,755 22.14 52,402 22.42 41,052 17.56 48,094 20.57 15,530 6.64 11,440 4.89 7,105 3.04 2,721 1.16 1,822 0.78 1,397 0.60 439 0.19
Tarn-et-Garonne 30,319 20.65 39,183 26.69 25,992 17.71 27,841 18.97 8,567 5.84 7,233 4.93 3,660 2.49 1,573 1.07 1,337 0.91 830 0.57 266 0.18
Var 108,597 17.73 186,376 30.43 152,316 24.87 94,184 15.38 21,089 3.44 29,177 4.76 6,933 1.13 4,655 0.76 5,860 0.96 2,274 0.37 977 0.16
Vaucluse 58,208 18.52 95,930 30.53 59,619 18.97 60,852 19.37 13,553 4.31 14,452 4.60 3,989 1.27 2,804 0.89 2,890 0.92 1,388 0.44 543 0.17
Vendée 109,989 26.26 77,590 18.53 106,804 25.50 63,156 15.08 21,356 5.10 24,211 5.78 3,810 0.91 5,219 1.25 2,705 0.65 3,294 0.79 696 0.17
Vienne 59,146 24.88 47,024 19.78 42,703 17.96 49,061 20.64 16,861 7.09 11,920 5.01 2,861 1.20 3,642 1.53 1,896 0.80 2,074 0.87 560 0.24
Haute-Vienne 55,577 26.67 37,937 18.20 32,522 15.60 46,549 22.33 16,136 7.74 9,285 4.46 3,518 1.69 3,044 1.46 1,557 0.75 1,850 0.89 440 0.21
Vosges 43,604 19.86 63,924 29.12 39,579 18.03 36,524 16.64 10,887 4.96 14,323 6.53 2,750 1.25 3,229 1.47 2,223 1.01 2,004 0.91 455 0.21
Yonne 36,234 19.63 52,640 28.52 36,739 19.91 30,815 16.70 8,846 4.79 11,668 6.32 1,987 1.08 2,128 1.15 1,775 0.96 1,380 0.75 341 0.18
Territoire de Belfort 14,771 20.64 19,249 26.89 12,668 17.70 13,672 19.10 4,189 5.85 3,770 5.27 669 0.93 886 1.24 941 1.31 592 0.83 167 0.23
Essonne 163,389 26.21 102,461 16.43 112,478 18.04 136,392 21.88 42,072 6.75 44,793 7.18 4,468 0.72 5,755 0.92 7,514 1.21 2,924 0.47 1,241 0.20
Hauts-de-Seine 256,687 32.30 60,731 7.64 231,553 29.14 145,289 18.28 57,114 7.19 21,359 2.69 4,747 0.60 5,033 0.63 8,453 1.06 2,447 0.31 1,345 0.17
Seine-Saint-Denis 130,103 24.04 73,534 13.59 69,063 12.76 184,123 34.02 45,506 8.41 16,601 3.07 3,160 0.58 6,050 1.12 8,739 1.61 3,235 0.60 1,088 0.20
Val-de-Marne 172,202 28.33 69,878 11.50 122,814 20.21 149,112 24.53 47,228 7.77 26,252 4.32 3,957 0.65 5,226 0.86 7,303 1.20 2,749 0.45 1,066 0.18
Val-d'Oise 138,752 25.31 94,158 17.18 101,131 18.45 131,342 23.96 37,518 6.84 24,790 4.52 3,975 0.73 5,040 0.92 7,702 1.41 2,752 0.50 978 0.18
Guadeloupe 33,930 30.23 15,159 13.51 16,305 14.53 27,081 24.13 11,165 9.95 2,042 1.82 650 0.58 2,300 2.05 1,312 1.17 1,972 1.76 326 0.29
Martinique 27,893 25.53 11,949 10.94 18,400 16.84 29,903 27.37 10,661 9.76 2,338 2.14 870 0.80 3,217 2.94 1,407 1.29 2,253 2.06 373 0.34
French Guiana 5,031 18.75 6,521 24.30 3,935 14.66 6,633 24.71 1,529 5.70 472 1.76 273 1.02 1,405 5.23 480 1.79 462 1.72 98 0.37
Réunion 66,292 18.91 82,219 23.46 60,508 17.26 85,987 24.53 26,872 7.67 10,123 2.89 1,939 0.55 4,377 1.25 6,029 1.72 5,190 1.48 944 0.27
Mayotte 6,364 19.21 9,008 27.19 10,808 32.62 2,789 8.42 1,434 4.33 1,019 3.08 182 0.55 621 1.87 408 1.23 334 1.01 163 0.49
New Caledonia 11,089 12.75 25,290 29.09 27,065 31.13 7,703 8.86 8,125 9.34 2,521 2.90 695 0.80 1,284 1.48 2,098 2.41 836 0.96 240 0.28
French Polynesia 11,119 14.70 24,604 32.54 26,679 35.28 5,952 7.87 2,203 2.91 1,767 2.34 447 0.59 755 1.00 1,206 1.59 689 0.91 201 0.27
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 473 17.97 478 18.16 261 9.92 933 35.45 217 8.24 79 3.00 54 2.05 64 2.43 36 1.37 28 1.06 9 0.34
Wallis and Futuna 1,630 30.48 380 7.11 1,526 28.53 192 3.59 1,349 25.22 79 1.48 29 0.54 41 0.77 50 0.93 54 1.01 18 0.34
Saint Martin/Saint Barthélemy 1,572 19.99 1,834 23.32 2,518 32.02 1,153 14.66 247 3.14 216 2.75 68 0.86 92 1.17 112 1.42 35 0.45 18 0.23
French residents overseas 223,879 40.40 35,926 6.48 145,829 26.32 87,692 15.83 38,092 6.87 8,837 1.59 2,530 0.46 3,414 0.62 5,578 1.01 1,312 0.24 1,030 0.19
Total 8,656,346 24.01 7,678,491 21.30 7,212,995 20.01 7,059,951 19.58 2,291,288 6.36 1,695,000 4.70 435,301 1.21 394,505 1.09 332,547 0.92 232,384 0.64 65,586 0.18
Source: Ministry of the Interior
By region[edit]
[show]Region
Emmanuel
Macron
Marine
Le Pen
François
Fillon
Jean-Luc
Mélenchon
Benoît
Hamon
Nicolas
Dupont-Aignan
Jean
Lassalle
Philippe
Poutou
François
Asselineau
Nathalie
Arthaud
Jacques
Cheminade
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 1,025,872 24.50 867,591 20.72 845,905 20.20 805,588 19.24 256,532 6.13 215,883 5.16 53,247 1.27 43,509 1.04 41,336 0.99 24,656 0.59 7,597 0.18
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté 338,191 21.89 387,662 25.09 304,391 19.70 276,958 17.93 87,386 5.66 87,267 5.65 15,847 1.03 18,533 1.20 14,332 0.93 11,496 0.74 2,843 0.18
Brittany 581,076 29.05 306,644 15.33 380,815 19.04 385,736 19.28 180,827 9.04 87,928 4.40 19,097 0.95 27,092 1.35 13,419 0.67 14,296 0.71 3,400 0.17
Centre-Val de Loire 323,725 22.68 329,470 23.08 300,325 21.04 252,308 17.67 83,552 5.85 82,060 5.75 13,570 0.95 16,282 1.14 12,075 0.85 11,365 0.80 2,882 0.20
Corsica 28,528 18.48 43,041 27.88 39,453 25.56 21,314 13.81 5,780 3.74 4,462 2.89 8,711 5.64 1,374 0.89 965 0.63 495 0.32 253 0.16
Grand Est 615,776 20.72 825,604 27.78 586,390 19.73 484,810 16.31 151,296 5.09 182,200 6.13 30,508 1.03 34,468 1.16 30,223 1.02 24,272 0.82 6,078 0.20
Hauts-de-France 630,285 19.50 1,003,216 31.04 521,373 16.13 633,313 19.59 166,630 5.15 160,721 4.97 22,410 0.69 33,652 1.04 26,043 0.81 29,193 0.90 5,688 0.18
Île-de-France 1,612,516 28.63 708,026 12.57 1,249,586 22.19 1,224,978 21.75 430,324 7.64 226,203 4.02 36,350 0.65 45,705 0.81 64,391 1.14 23,582 0.42 9,795 0.17
Normandy 422,960 22.36 452,586 23.93 370,105 19.57 362,426 19.16 113,705 6.01 98,907 5.23 13,896 0.73 23,804 1.26 14,301 0.76 15,194 0.80 3,544 0.19
Nouvelle-Aquitaine 851,304 25.12 640,148 18.89 602,830 17.79 703,439 20.75 240,157 7.09 155,581 4.59 91,904 2.71 49,646 1.46 26,664 0.79 21,439 0.63 6,262 0.18
Occitanie 740,031 22.32 762,087 22.98 566,036 17.07 734,193 22.14 216,349 6.52 135,403 4.08 75,482 2.28 35,216 1.06 28,603 0.86 16,776 0.51 5,524 0.17
Pays de la Loire 575,832 26.27 364,267 16.62 516,428 23.56 403,455 18.41 143,491 6.55 109,842 5.01 16,988 0.78 26,340 1.20 15,529 0.71 16,018 0.73 3,731 0.17
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 520,978 18.94 774,781 28.16 615,524 22.38 515,415 18.74 113,365 4.12 119,050 4.33 29,554 1.07 21,314 0.77 25,950 0.94 10,437 0.38 4,569 0.17
Guadeloupe 33,930 30.23 15,159 13.51 16,305 14.53 27,081 24.13 11,165 9.95 2,042 1.82 650 0.58 2,300 2.05 1,312 1.17 1,972 1.76 326 0.29
Martinique 27,893 25.53 11,949 10.94 18,400 16.84 29,903 27.37 10,661 9.76 2,338 2.14 870 0.80 3,217 2.94 1,407 1.29 2,253 2.06 373 0.34
French Guiana 5,031 18.75 6,521 24.30 3,935 14.66 6,633 24.71 1,529 5.70 472 1.76 273 1.02 1,405 5.23 480 1.79 462 1.72 98 0.37
Réunion 66,292 18.91 82,219 23.46 60,508 17.26 85,987 24.53 26,872 7.67 10,123 2.89 1,939 0.55 4,377 1.25 6,029 1.72 5,190 1.48 944 0.27
Mayotte 6,364 19.21 9,008 27.19 10,808 32.62 2,789 8.42 1,434 4.33 1,019 3.08 182 0.55 621 1.87 408 1.23 334 1.01 163 0.49
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Maps[edit]
Second-place candidate by department
First-place candidate by constituency
First-place candidate by commune (2012 borders)
First-place candidate by country (overseas French)
First-place candidate in the arrondissements of Paris
Support for Macron by department and major city
Support for Le Pen by department and major city
Support for Fillon by department and major city
Support for Mélenchon by department and major city
Second round[edit]
By department[edit]
[show]Department
Emmanuel
Macron
Marine
Le Pen
Votes
%
Votes
%
Ain 173,809 60.94 111,421 39.06
Aisne 119,202 47.09 133,939 52.91
Allier 106,579 63.90 60,207 36.10
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence 48,994 58.46 34,817 41.54
Hautes-Alpes 47,211 64.12 26,417 35.88
Alpes-Maritimes 278,407 55.35 224,544 44.65
Ardèche 104,599 62.37 63,109 37.63
Ardennes 64,424 50.73 62,571 49.27
Ariège 47,983 63.09 28,074 36.91
Aube 75,810 54.15 64,180 45.85
Aude 100,901 55.33 81,452 44.67
Aveyron 109,340 72.81 40,838 27.19
Bouches-du-Rhône 519,335 57.85 378,456 42.15
Calvados 232,615 67.11 114,002 32.89
Cantal 55,411 69.83 23,938 30.17
Charente 113,700 65.49 59,916 34.51
Charente-Maritime 215,465 64.84 116,854 35.16
Cher 90,376 61.17 57,358 38.83
Corrèze 88,029 71.00 35,955 29.00
Corse-du-Sud 31,139 50.59 30,415 49.41
Haute-Corse 35,680 52.28 32,567 47.72
Côte-d'Or 159,645 64.17 89,121 35.83
Côtes-d'Armor 236,953 73.47 85,554 26.53
Creuse 39,239 65.76 20,428 34.24
Dordogne 135,533 64.27 75,335 35.73
Doubs 158,304 63.77 89,935 36.23
Drôme 157,992 62.62 94,312 37.38
Eure 158,858 54.35 133,417 45.65
Eure-et-Loir 122,420 60.27 80,696 39.73
Finistère 371,332 77.33 108,890 22.67
Gard 194,989 54.75 161,125 45.25
Haute-Garonne 436,665 72.38 166,595 27.62
Gers 67,571 66.91 33,424 33.09
Gironde 515,491 70.06 220,261 29.94
Hérault 312,419 59.22 215,147 40.78
Ille-et-Vilaine 403,347 77.67 115,942 22.33
Indre 68,173 60.98 43,627 39.02
Indre-et-Loire 201,211 69.23 89,438 30.77
Isère 383,197 65.81 199,097 34.19
Jura 79,268 61.37 49,888 38.63
Landes 146,619 68.74 66,661 31.26
Loir-et-Cher 100,789 60.47 65,896 39.53
Loire 218,603 63.86 123,714 36.14
Haute-Loire 76,233 63.35 44,112 36.65
Loire-Atlantique 525,200 77.17 155,353 22.83
Loiret 195,004 63.16 113,735 36.84
Lot 66,937 72.18 25,802 27.82
Lot-et-Garonne 97,418 59.47 66,393 40.53
Lozère 26,994 67.03 13,275 32.97
Maine-et-Loire 288,817 72.82 107,781 27.18
Manche 176,664 67.23 86,126 32.77
Marne 144,840 57.01 109,227 42.99
Haute-Marne 45,192 50.48 44,331 49.52
Mayenne 112,192 72.02 43,581 27.98
Meurthe-et-Moselle 198,750 60.66 128,902 39.34
Meuse 48,303 51.62 45,267 48.38
Morbihan 289,594 71.56 115,076 28.44
Moselle 282,717 57.66 207,597 42.34
Nièvre 62,722 59.92 41,946 40.08
Nord 669,806 56.90 507,434 43.10
Oise 202,509 53.28 177,549 46.72
Orne 88,484 61.64 55,070 38.36
Pas-de-Calais 352,558 47.94 382,782 52.06
Puy-de-Dôme 219,437 71.34 88,155 28.66
Pyrénées-Atlantiques 253,617 74.81 85,377 25.19
Hautes-Pyrénées 79,794 68.19 37,225 31.81
Pyrénées-Orientales 118,644 52.84 105,874 47.16
Bas-Rhin 330,941 63.07 193,788 36.93
Haut-Rhin 203,599 57.97 147,599 42.03
Rhône 572,015 73.59 205,317 26.41
Haute-Saône 63,541 51.71 59,341 48.29
Saône-et-Loire 166,945 61.63 103,925 38.37
Sarthe 170,153 63.33 98,523 36.67
Savoie 135,118 64.74 73,598 35.26
Haute-Savoie 249,198 68.66 113,746 31.34
Paris 849,257 89.68 97,770 10.32
Seine-Maritime 355,441 60.42 232,857 39.58
Seine-et-Marne 369,762 63.86 209,221 36.14
Yvelines 503,661 77.15 149,138 22.85
Deux-Sèvres 135,827 71.54 54,039 28.46
Somme 153,326 54.22 129,465 45.78
Tarn 125,591 63.61 71,856 36.39
Tarn-et-Garonne 71,988 57.52 53,166 42.48
Var 266,724 50.85 257,769 49.15
Vaucluse 145,965 53.45 127,113 46.55
Vendée 253,914 69.96 109,035 30.04
Vienne 143,712 68.77 65,255 31.23
Haute-Vienne 126,418 70.95 51,763 29.05
Vosges 106,076 55.26 85,894 44.74
Yonne 88,939 55.04 72,651 44.96
Territoire de Belfort 36,345 58.18 26,128 41.82
Essonne 382,650 72.18 147,509 27.82
Hauts-de-Seine 590,963 85.65 99,032 14.35
Seine-Saint-Denis 367,823 78.82 98,825 21.18
Val-de-Marne 419,145 80.32 102,673 19.68
Val-d'Oise 342,018 72.53 129,518 27.47
Guadeloupe 100,635 75.13 33,310 24.87
Martinique 104,307 77.55 30,195 22.45
French Guiana 21,769 64.89 11,777 35.11
Réunion 212,081 60.25 139,917 39.75
Mayotte 19,140 57.11 14,374 42.89
New Caledonia 47,902 52.57 43,217 47.43
French Polynesia 52,378 58.39 37,319 41.61
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1,467 63.29 851 36.71
Wallis and Futuna 4,715 79.14 1,243 20.86
Saint Martin/Saint Barthélemy 5,282 65.03 2,840 34.97
French residents overseas 496,344 89.31 59,415 10.69
Total 20,743,128 66.10 10,638,475 33.90
Source: Ministry of the Interior
By region[edit]
[show]Region
Emmanuel
Macron
Marine
Le Pen
Votes
%
Votes
%
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 2,452,191 67.13 1,200,726 32.87
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté 815,709 60.48 532,935 39.52
Brittany 1,301,226 75.36 425,462 24.64
Centre-Val de Loire 777,973 63.32 450,750 36.68
Corsica 66,819 51.48 62,982 48.52
Grand Est 1,500,652 57.94 1,089,356 42.06
Hauts-de-France 1,497,401 52.94 1,331,169 47.06
Île-de-France 3,825,279 78.73 1,033,686 21.27
Normandy 1,012,062 61.96 621,472 38.04
Nouvelle-Aquitaine 2,011,068 68.65 918,237 31.35
Occitanie 1,759,816 62.99 1,033,853 37.01
Pays de la Loire 1,350,276 72.42 514,273 27.58
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 1,306,636 55.47 1,049,116 44.53
Guadeloupe 100,635 75.13 33,310 24.87
Martinique 104,307 77.55 30,195 22.45
French Guiana 21,769 64.89 11,777 35.11
Réunion 212,081 60.25 139,917 39.75
Mayotte 19,140 57.11 14,374 42.89
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Maps[edit]
First-place candidate by department
First-place candidate by commune (2012 borders)
Vote share by department and major city
Background[edit]
Speaking time of candidates and supporters from 1 February to 10 April recorded by the CSA[6]
Fillon
300h58
Hamon
255h51
Macron
234h03
Le Pen
229h02
Mélenchon
160h36
Dupont-Aignan
44h00
Others
82h33
The President of the French Republic is elected to a five-year term in a two-round election under Article 7 of the Constitution: if no candidate secures an absolute majority (including blank and void ballots) of votes in the first round, a second round is held two weeks later between the two candidates who received the most votes.[7] In 2017, the first and second rounds were held 23 April and 7 May.[8]
To be listed on the first-round ballot, candidates must secure 500 signatures (often referred to as parrainages) from national or local elected officials from at least 30 different departments or overseas collectivities, with no more than a tenth of these signatories from any single department.[9] The official signature collection period followed the publication of the Journal officiel on 25 February to 17 March.[10] The collection period had initially been scheduled to begin on 23 February, but a visit by Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve to China on that date forced a delay.[11] French prefectures mailed sponsorship forms to the 42,000 elected officials eligible to give their signature to a candidate, which must then be delivered to the Constitutional Council for validation. Unlike in previous years, a list of validated signatures was posted on Tuesday and Thursday of every week on the Council's website; in the past, signatories were published only after the official candidate list had been verified after the end of the collection period. The end of the signature collection period also marked the deadline for the declaration of personal assets required of prospective candidates. The final list of candidates was proclaimed on 21 March.[10]
The Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) ensured that all candidates receive equal time in broadcast media "under comparable programming conditions" from 19 March onward.[8] The CSA warned on 8 March that the amount of speaking time broadcasters had given Fillon and his supporters was "unusually high", even given the unusual circumstances surrounding his candidacy.[12] After the official start of the campaign on 10 April, the CSA strictly enforced equal time in broadcast media. Campaigning for the first round of the election ended at midnight on 21 April, two days before the vote. The Constitutional Council verified the results of the first round on 24–26 April and officially certified the vote tallies on 26 April, and the same procedure will be used for the second round. The new President of the French Republic will be proclaimed on 11 May and undergo their investiture ceremony on 14 May at the latest.[8]
Candidates[edit]
On 18 March 2017, the Constitutional Council published the names of the 11 candidates who received 500 valid sponsorships, with the order of the list determined by drawing lots.[13]
Candidate name and age,[14]
political party
Political office(s)
Campaign logo
Details
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (56)
Debout la France (DLF) President of Debout la France
(since 2008)
Deputy for Essonne
(since 1997)
Mayor of Yerres
(since 1995) A former member of the RPR, RPF, and UMP, Dupont-Aignan left the latter party on the eve of the 2007 presidential election due to disagreements with Nicolas Sarkozy. He subsequently founded the sovereignist political party Debout la République (DLR), which was later renamed Debout la France (DLF) in 2014. He previously stood as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election, in which he garnered 1.79% of the vote in the first round. Claiming the mantle of Gaullism, he sought to position himself between Le Pen and Fillon.[15] Five days after his elimination in the first round, he announced his support for Le Pen in the second round.[16]
Marine Le Pen (48)
National Front (FN) President of the National Front
(2011–17)
MEP for North-West France
(since 2004) When Le Pen, a former lawyer, stood in the 2012 presidential election, she came in third with 17.90% of first-round votes. She rose within the ranks of the National Front (FN), founded and previously led by her father Jean-Marie Le Pen, culminating in a bitter leadership struggle which she won in 2011. Her campaign program prioritized the national interests of France and an exit from the eurozone,[15] and emphasized her party's traditional concern about security and immigration, as well as socioeconomic issues and the sovereignty of the French state, on matters of currency, borders, the economy, and the rule of law.[17] Her campaign was punctuated by judicial inquiries into her party and personal associates.[15]
Emmanuel Macron (39)
En Marche! (EM) President of En Marche!
(2016–17)
Minister of the Economy, Industry, and Digital Affairs
(2014–16) The youngest candidate in the race and a former economy minister who had never run for elected office, Macron described himself as "neither of the right nor the left". He was appointed deputy secretary-general of the Élysée in 2012 and became economy minister in 2014, lending his name to the "Macron law" to promote economic growth and opportunities. He founded the En Marche! movement in April 2016 before resigning from the cabinet on 30 August.[15] The most explicitly pro-European of the candidates, Macron intends to implement reforms to modernize the French economy.[17] Macron secured support across the political spectrum, but primarily among left-wing figures;[18] notable supporters include perennial centrist candidate François Bayrou, president of the Democratic Movement (MoDem),[19] and Minister of Defence Jean-Yves Le Drian.[20]
Benoît Hamon (49)
Socialist Party (PS) Deputy for Yvelines
(2012 and since 2014)
Other offices [show]
Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research in 2014
Deputy Minister of the Economy and Finance responsible for Consumer Affairs and the Social and Solidarity Economy from 2012 to 2014
Deputy Minister of the Economy, Finance, and Foreign Trade responsible for the Social and Solidarity Economy in 2012
MEP for East France from 2004 to 2009
Hamon, a left-wing critic of Hollande's government, was the surprise winner of the Socialist primary in January 2017, defeating former Prime Minister Manuel Valls. Hamon's primary victory was driven in part by his support for a universal basic income, which remained integral to his program. He negotiated the withdrawal and support of Yannick Jadot of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) in February, becoming the joint candidate of both parties.[15] He also advocated for the legalization of cannabis and reforming the structure of government to a "Sixth Republic".[17] He endorsed Emmanuel Macron in the second round.[2]
Nathalie Arthaud (47)
Lutte Ouvrière (LO) Spokesperson of Lutte Ouvrière
(since 2008) Arthaud first ran for the presidency in the 2012 election under the LO banner, receiving 0.56% of votes in the first round. A professor of economics, she described the objective of her candidacy as being to, "make the workers' voice heard", hoping to "allow workers, the unemployed, and exploited to defend their interests, as opposed to [those who pocketed] millions and millions".[15] She claims that she is the only communist candidate, and wants to see borders disappear and overthrow capitalism.[17] She intended to cast a blank vote in the second round.[2]
Philippe Poutou (50)
New Anticapitalist Party (NPA) Spokesperson of the New Anticapitalist Party
(since 2009) A long-time radical left-wing activist, as well as a trade unionist and Ford mechanic in Blanquefort, Poutou led opposition to the shutdown of the local factory. He also ran in the 2012 presidential election, obtaining 1.15% of votes. He launched his political activities at Lutte Ouvrière before joining the Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) which became the NPA in 2009.[15] With Marxist and anarchist roots, he crusades against capitalism and espouses radical-left ideas.[17] He offered no voting instructions to his supporters for the second round.[2]
Jacques Cheminade (75)
Solidarity and Progress (S&P) President of Solidarity and Progress
(since 1996) Cheminade founded Solidarity and Progress in 1996 and is the figurehead of the LaRouche movement in France. He proposes leaving NATO, the EU, the eurozone, and returning to the franc. He supports colonization of the Moon to facilitate exploration of Mars. He was a candidate twice before, in 1995 and 2012, collecting 0.28% and 0.25% of the vote, respectively, but failed to appear on the ballot in 1981, 1988, 2002, and 2007.[15] His position on the second round is unclear,[2] only specifying that he, personally, would not cast a vote for Le Pen while also denouncing the forces of "financial occupation".[21]
Jean Lassalle (61)
Résistons! Deputy for the Pyrénées-Atlantiques
(since 2002)
Mayor of Lourdios-Ichère
(since 1977) Lassalle, a former member of the Democratic Movement (MoDem) and associate of François Bayrou running under the banner of Resistons !, considered himself the "defender of rural territories and a humanist ecology". He became famous for a successful 39-day hunger strike protesting the movement of the Total factory from Accous to the Lacq basin 65 km (40 mi) away. In 2013, he walked 6,000 km (3,700 mi) on foot to "meet the French".[15] He opted to cast a blank vote in the second round.[22]
Jean-Luc Mélenchon (65)
La France Insoumise (FI) MEP for South-West France
(since 2009)
Other offices [show]
President, then co-president of the Left Party from 2009 to 2014
Senator for Essonne from 1986 to 2000 and from 2004 to 2010
Deputy Minister of Vocational Education from 2000 to 2002
Denouncing the "liberal drift" of the party, Mélenchon left the PS in 2008 to found the Left Party. He made a previous presidential run in 2012, coming in fourth with 11.10% of votes,[15] with the backing of the French Communist Party (PCF). A perennial critic of the Hollande government, he launched his 2017 bid without consulting the PCF, instead choosing to start his own movement, la France Insoumise (FI).[17] He later won the PCF's support by a narrow margin.[23] His program underlined left-wing and environmental principles,[15] including the establishment of a Sixth Republic, redistribution of wealth, renegotiating EU treaties, environmental planning, and protecting the independence of France, namely from the United States.[17] He ran an innovative campaign, gathering a large following on social media,[24] and holding simultaneous meetings in multiple cities via hologram.[25] He intended to consult with his movement before making any pronouncement on the second round.[2] After a few days, he stated that he would not vote for the FN, but never explicitly provided any further voting instructions.[26]
François Asselineau (59)
Popular Republican Union (UPR) President of the UPR
(since 2007) A sovereignist, Asselineau surprised political observers with his ability to secure the 500 sponsorships required to stand as a candidate. Formerly of the RPF and UMP, he founded the Popular Republican Union (UPR) in 2007 and has agitated for the French to exit from the EU.[15] Sometimes classified as a far-right Eurosceptic, he has denounced "American imperialism" and proposed leaving NATO.[17] He offered no endorsement in the second round.[2]
François Fillon (63)
The Republicans (LR) Deputy for Paris
(since 2012)
Prime Minister
(2007–12)
Other offices [show]
Co-president of the Union for a Popular Movement (interim) in 2014
President of the Rassemblement-UMP group in the National Assembly from 2012 to 2013
Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing in 2012
Deputy for the Sarthe from 1981 to 1993, from 1997 to 2002 and in 2007
Senator for the Sarthe in 2004 and from 2005 to 2007
Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research from 2004 to 2005
Minister of Social Affairs, Labour and Solidarity from 2002 to 2004
President of the regional council of Pays de la Loire from 1998 to 2002
Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from 1983 to 2001
President of the general council of the Sarthe from 1992 to 1998
Deputy Minister responsible for Post, Telecommunications and Space from 1995 to 1997
Minister of Information Technology and Post in 1995
Minister of Higher Education and Research from 1993 to 1995
Fillon led a prolific political career starting from the early 1970s. The surprise winner of the primary of the right offered a liberal economic program ending the 35-hour workweek, dismissing 500,000 civil servants, abolishing the wealth tax (ISF), streamlining the labour code, and reforming the health insurance system. However, his campaign was hobbled in January 2017 following the publication of allegations of fictitious employment of family members, including his wife, collectively known as "Penelopegate". He initially said he would drop his bid if placed under formal investigation, but continued his candidacy after such investigations began on 15 March.[15] He endorsed Emmanuel Macron in the second round.[2]
Non-candidates[edit]
Socialist Party (PS)[edit]
The 2017 presidential election was the first in the history of the Fifth Republic in which a sitting president did not seek a second term. On 1 December 2016, incumbent president François Hollande, acknowledging his low approval ratings, announced he would not seek a second term. His then-Prime Minister Manuel Valls declared on 5 December 2016 that he would run in the Socialist primary on 22 January 2017,[27] but he was defeated by Benoît Hamon in its second round on 29 January.[28]
Democratic Movement (MoDem)[edit]
François Bayrou in 2006
François Bayrou, the three-time centrist presidential candidate and leader of the Democratic Movement (MoDem) – who came fourth in 2002, third in 2007, and fifth in 2012 – initially supported the candidacy of Alain Juppé in the primary of the right against his long-time adversary Nicolas Sarkozy, whom he vowed to run against if he won the primary.[29] However, Fillon's victory in the primary – which saw the elimination of Sarkozy in the first round and the defeat of Juppé in the runoff – led Bayrou to reconsider lodging a bid for the presidency, despite his 2014 election promise during his successful mayoral campaign in Pau that he would not seek the presidency if he won. After an extended period of suspense, he finally announced on 22 February that he would not run for a fourth time, instead proposing a conditional alliance with Emmanuel Macron, who accepted his offer.[19]
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV)[edit]
On 9 July 2016, Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) announced that it would hold a primary election before the 2017 presidential election. Those wishing to be nominated required the support of 36 of its "federal councilors" out of 240; nominations were open to individuals in civic society as well. The vote was open to both party members as well as sympathizers who could register to vote in the primary. The announcement came just days after prominent environmentalist Nicolas Hulot's surprise declaration that he would not offer himself as a presidential candidate on 5 July.[30] EELV were the first party to hold a presidential primary for the 2017 election, with two rounds held on 19 October and 7 November 2016. It was contested by deputy, former Minister of Territorial Equality and Housing, and ex-party leader Cécile Duflot, as well as three MEPs – Karima Delli, Yannick Jadot, and Michèle Rivasi.[31]
Voting materials for the first round of the ecologist primary
Duflot was considered the early favorite, though she initially opposed holding a primary, aware of the risk that she might lose it; and highlighted her experience in government. Her main proposal was to incorporate the fight against climate change into the Constitution. Jadot was perceived as her main challenger; elected as an MEP in 2009, he worked with Greenpeace France from 2002 to 2008, specializing in transatlantic trade and climate issues. With Thomas Piketty and Daniel Cohn-Bendit, he sought a "primary of all the left", which failed to materialize. He rejected the "candidacy awaited by the political-media world" – that of Duflot, among others – and represented an anti-Duflot force from the party's right wing. Rivasi only barely managed to qualify for the primary, earlier lacking the necessary sponsorships. Like Jadot, she represented the radical wing of the party – albeit on its left flank – and served as deputy for Drôme from 1997 to 2002 and led Greenpeace France from 2003 to 2004. Delli, the daughter of Algerian immigrants, first became involved in politics as part of collective movements, and sought to become an MEP in 2009 after a stint as parliamentary assistant to Marie-Christine Blandin. Also of the party's left-wing, she declared that she would defend a "popular ecology".[31]
Jadot and Rivasi advanced to the runoff after scoring 35.61% and 30.16%, respectively, in the first round; the other two candidates were eliminated, with Duflot garnering 24.41% and Delli 9.82%. Jadot won the second round of the primary on 7 November, obtaining 54.25% of the vote against Rivasi's 40.75%, becoming the nominee of the EELV in the presidential election.[32] Jadot, who claimed 496 sponsorships just before the opening of the collection period,[33] withdrew his candidacy on 23 February and endorsed Hamon, the pair having agreed on a common platform.[34] An online vote among EELV primary voters from 24 and 26 February was required to confirm the agreement; an earlier vote to open talks with Hamon and Mélenchon was approved by 89.7% of those electors.[35] The Hamon–Jadot alliance was consummated on 26 February; among those who cast a vote, 79.53% voted to support it, with 15.39% opposed and 5.08% submitting blank ballots, and an overall voter turnout of 55.25% (9,433 votes).[36] This marks the first election since 1969 without a green candidate.[37]
Primaries[edit]
The Republicans (LR)[edit]
Main article: The Republicans (France) presidential primary, 2016
First-round results by department
François Fillon
Alain Juppé
Nicolas Sarkozy
After his loss as the nominee of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) in the 2012 presidential election, ex-president Nicolas Sarkozy pledged to return to being a "Frenchman among the French". However, he announced on 19 September 2014 that he would seek the presidency of the party,[38] a position he secured in an online vote on 29 November online vote with the backing of 64.50% of party members, against his main opponent Bruno Le Maire's 29.18%. He succeeded the triumvirate of Alain Juppé, François Fillon, and Jean-Pierre Raffarin, which assumed the party's leadership after the resignation of Jean-François Copé.[39] Sarkozy was initially reluctant to accept the idea of holding a right-wing primary for the 2017 presidential election, but on 25 September 2014 he declared his support for a primary of the right after a warning from Juppé,[40] who on 20 August made public his intention to run for the nomination.[41]
The rules of the primary were confirmed in April 2015, scheduling the first round of an open primary for 20 November 2016, with a runoff on 27 November if no candidate received more than 50% of the vote. Those wishing to vote were required to pay €2 per ballot and sign a charter indicating their adherence to "Republican values of the right and centre".[42] In order to appear on the ballot, prospective candidates needed to present sponsorships from 250 elected officials, including at least 20 parliamentarians from at least 30 departments, with no more than a tenth from the same department, in addition to the signatures of at least 2,500 party members across at least 15 departments, with no more than a tenth from the same department.[43] The charter permitted other parties wishing to participate to set their own sponsorship requirements.[42] The High Authority ultimately determined that seven candidates qualified to compete in the open primary of the right and centre: Fillon, Juppé, Le Maire, Copé, Sarkozy, and Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet of the Republicans,[44] the party's name after May 2015,[45] as well as Jean-Frédéric Poisson of the Christian Democratic Party (PCD), who was not required to present signatures as the leader of another party.[44][46] The National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP) were also allowed to participate, but not to present a candidate.[47]
Second-round results by department
François Fillon
Alain Juppé
The primary was initially fought primarily between Juppé and Sarkozy, the top two candidates in primary polls.[48] Sarkozy's program emphasized the themes of Islam, immigration, security, and defense. He proposed to end family reunifications and reform the right to birthright citizenship, halt the flow of economic migrants, and increase residence requirements to secure French nationality. He reaffirmed his interest in the "assimilation" of immigrants, and intended to ban other menus for school canteens (i.e., options for Muslim students) as well as Muslim headscarves at universities. Sarkozy also suggested that radical imams be expelled and suspected terrorists be detained by authorities and tried by a special anti-terrorist court, in addition a reduction in the age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 16. He proposed to postpone the increase the retirement age to 64 until 2024, permit exemptions to the 35-hour workweek, cut 300,000 civil service jobs by increasing working hours to 37 per week, and abolish the wealth tax (ISF). Like Le Maire, he did not rule out the possibility of a referendum on the European Union (EU).[49] He also sought a European treaty "refounding", the creation of a European monetary fund, to commit 2% to defense spending by 2025,[50] and to reduce public spending by €100 billion and taxes by €40 billion while reducing the budget deficit to under 3% of GDP.[51]
In contrast to Sarkozy, Juppé spoke of a "happy identity" and emphasized the importance of integration as opposed to assimilation.[52] He supported drawing up a common list of "safe countries" to differentiate refugees from economic migrants, setting a "quota" on immigrants as necessary, and to stop providing foreign aid to countries refusing to comply with their obligation to accept deported citizens. He questioned Sarkozy's proposals on Schengen and instead merely acknowledged that it was not functioning correctly, but concurred with him in exempting the acquisition of French nationality by foreigners at the age of 18 if previously convicted.[53] Juppé also demanded transparency on the funding of places of worship, civic training for imams, and, unlike Sarkozy, favored allowing women to wear the Muslim headscarf at universities. On economic issues, he proposed to end the 35-hour workweek, abolish the wealth tax, reduce corporate taxation, and set the retirement age at 65. He also pledged to slash in half the number of parliamentarians, renegotiate Schengen, and increase defense spending in absolute terms by at least €7 billion by 2022.[54]
After several strong debate performances by Fillon, however, a second-round Juppé–Sarkozy duel no longer appeared inevitable.[55] Fillon's rise was propelled by his proposals for a rigorous economic program. Seeking €100 billion in cuts, he proposed eliminating 500,000 civil service jobs by 2022 and a return to the 39-hour workweek for civil servants. Like the other primary candidates, he planned to eliminate the wealth tax; in addition, Fillon suggested abolishing the 35-hour workweek – capping it at the 48-hour maximum allowed within the EU – and the implementation of other liberal economic measures. He also adopted a staunchly conservative social program, opposing adoption by same-sex couples and arguing France had no religious problem apart from Islam itself. Like Sarkozy, he sought to expand the capacity of French prisons, but unlike his former superior, he opposed banning religious symbols in public places. He also professed a more pro-Russian stance than other candidates, urging cooperation in Syria against the Islamic State and supporting the "pragmatism" of Vladimir Putin's intervention in the Syrian civil war.[56]
The first round of the primary on 20 November saw the unexpected elimination of Sarkozy, with Fillon coming in first with 44.1%, Juppé at 28.6%, and Sarkozy at 20.7% of the vote, and all other candidates far behind. A second round between Fillon and Juppé was confirmed, and Sarkozy announced that he would vote for his former Prime Minister soon after the results became clear.[57][58] Fillon scored a landslide victory in the 27 November runoff with 66.5% of the vote to Juppé's 33.5% and became the Republicans' nominee; voter turnout – at 4.4 million – was even higher than in the first round.[59][60]
Socialist Party (PS)[edit]
Main article: French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2017
First-round results by department
Benoît Hamon
Manuel Valls
Arnaud Montebourg
Sylvia Pinel
At the 2012 Toulouse Congress, the Socialist Party (PS) modified its statutes to guarantee the selection of a candidate of the left through open primaries, with the National Council of the Socialist Party announcing the timetable and organization of the primaries at least one year beforehand.[61] On 11 January, Libération published an editorial in favor of a "primary of the left and ecologists",[62] and on 9 April the National Council of the Socialist Party unanimously approved the idea of holding a such a primary in early December.[63] On 18 June, the National Council finally confirmed that it would organize a primary to select a candidate for the 2017 presidential election. Applications could be submitted from 1 to 15 December, with two rounds of voting planned for 22 and 29 January 2017.[64] Prospective PS candidates were required to sign the primary's charter of ethics requiring candidates to rally behind its winner and to secure the support of 5% of one of the following groups: members of the National Council; Socialist parliamentarians, regional and departmental Socialist councilors in at least 4 regions and 10 departments; or Socialist mayors representing more than 10,000 people in at least 4 regions and 10 departments.[65] The conditions for becoming a candidate of other member parties of the BAP – the PRG, UDE, PE, and Democratic Front (FD) – were determined by the respective parties' leadership.[66]
The EELV declared on 20 June that it would not participate in the primary,[67] and the French Communist Party (PCF) did likewise the following day.[68] After declaring his candidacy for the presidential election, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! also declined to participate,[69] as did Jean-Luc Mélenchon under the banner of la France Insoumise, saying that he did not want to run in a primary with François Hollande since he would not be able to support Hollande if he won.[70] He later reaffirmed this by saying that with the exclusion of the EELV and PRG the primary was not truly "of the left" but a "primary of the Socialist Party".[71] On 1 December, Hollande declared that he would not seek a second term, becoming the first President of the Fifth Republic to renounce a reelection bid. His announcement reflected his high personal unpopularity and resentment among Socialist colleagues regarding remarks he made about cabinet members and other associates in the book Un président ne devrait pas dire ça... (A president should not say that...) by Gérard Davet and Fabrice Lhomme, journalists at Le Monde.[72]
Second-round results by department
Benoît Hamon
Manuel Valls
On 17 December, the High Authority declared that seven candidates qualified to appear on the ballot: four from the Socialist Party – former Prime Minister Manuel Valls, Arnaud Montebourg, Benoît Hamon, and Vincent Peillon – and François de Rugy of the PE, Sylvia Pinel of the PRG, and Jean-Luc Bennahmias of the PD.[73] Early opinion polling placed Valls and Montebourg first and second, respectively, with Hamon a close third.[74] Shortly after declaring his candidacy on 5 December, Valls proposed to abolish article 49.3 of the French constitution, a procedure that allows bypassing legislative approval, in a "democratic renaissance"; as Prime Minister, he invoked it on six occasions, using it to pass the Macron and El Khomri laws.[75] He also proposed a 2.5% increase in public spending while keeping the budget deficit under 3%, guaranteeing a "decent income" of €800, reducing the gender pay gap by half, pausing the enlargement of the European Union, appending a charter of secularism to the Constitution, consolidating the nuclear industry, and mandating six months of civic service.[76][77] He was twice physically attacked during the primary campaign: on 22 December, he was flour-bombed by a protester in Strasbourg saying "we do not forget [the 49.3]!",[78] and on 17 January, he was slapped by a young Breton regionalist in Lamballe, who was subsequently charged.[79]
Former Minister of the Economy Arnaud Montebourg, a Socialist rebel known for promoting "made in France", presented a firmly left-wing project shortly after declaring his candidacy in August 2016. He promised to offer French enterprises preference in bidding, reverse the 2011 tax increases on the French middle class,[80] and repeal most of the El Khomri labor law while preserving certain "interesting" social protections such as the "right to disconnect" and "personal activity account".[81] Critical of European austerity, he declared that he would defy the requirement to maintain a budget deficit under 3% of GDP and intended to strengthen intelligence services, require six months of civic service, and achieve gender equality.[80] He also proposed €30 billion in spending to stimulate economic growth, lower the general social contribution (CSG) to increase individuals' purchasing power by €800 a year, create 5,000 new posts in hospitals, call a referendum on a new republic, promulgate a law on the separation of banking activities (as Hollande did), impose a European carbon tax, and establish a national anti-terrorism prosecutor.[82]
The signature proposal of Benoît Hamon was the implementation a universal basic income for all French citizens, rolled out in stages beginning in 2018, partially funded by a tax levied on property combining the existing property tax (taxe foncière) and the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF), in addition to a tax on robots to fund social protections in general. Like fellow Socialist dissidents, Hamon criticized the El Khomri labor law and promised to repeal it if elected, and suggested that it be replaced with legislation acknowledging the need for greater social protections, including the right to disconnect and recognizing burnout as an occupational disease.[83] He also proposed to reduce the 35-hour workweek to 32 hours, saying that it was time to put an end to the "myth" of economic growth. Another of his flagship proposals was to legalize cannabis, using funds for "prevention" rather than "repression".[84]
Benoît Hamon congratulated by Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo after his primary victory on 29 January
In the first round of the primary on 22 January, Hamon and Valls received 36.03% and 31.48%, respectively, and advanced to the runoff on 29 January. Montebourg, who secured only 17.52% of votes,[85] declared that he would cast his second-round vote for Hamon soon after the result became apparent.[86] Among the remaining candidates, Peillon secured 6.81% of the vote, de Rugy 3.83%, Pinel 2.00%, and Bennahmias 1.02%. Overall turnout stood at 1.66 million.[85] The legitimacy of the first-round results published by the organizers of the primary was questioned by observers in the French press, who noted that an overnight update added 352,013 votes without significantly changing each candidate's percentage, with vote totals for each candidate increasing by 28%. Christophe Borgel (fr), president of the organizing committee of the primary, claimed that the anomaly was nothing more than a "bug" induced by pressure to update the level of participation in the first round, effectively acknowledging that the results of the primary were manipulated. Only on 23 January did the High Authority of the primary publish "validated" results.[87] In the second round of the primary on 29 January, Hamon defeated Valls by a comfortable margin, 58.69% to 41.31%; turnout, at 2.05 million, was considerably higher than in the first round. As the winner of the primary, Hamon became the Socialist nominee for president.[88]
On 22 February, François de Rugy announced his support for Emmanuel Macron, breaking the commitment requested of former candidates to back the winner of the primary. While acknowledging that Hamon was the legitimate PS nominee, de Rugy said he preferred "coherence to obedience".[89] On 13 March, Le Parisien reported that Valls, rather than backing Hamon, would urge voters to support Macron in the first round of the presidential election;[90] Valls denied the report at the time,[91] but on 29 March declared that he would vote for Macron but would not rally behind his candidacy.[92] On 8 April the High Authority of the PS reminded party members to abide by the "principle of loyalty".[93] On 15 March, the PRG announced its support for Hamon, securing concessions on issues pertaining to European governance, and confirmed an agreement with the Socialist Party for the legislative elections; this followed a period of hesitation after the primary in which the party contemplated Macron's candidacy, which secured several of its parliamentarians' support.[94]
Fillon affair (Penelopegate)[edit]
Main article: Fillon affair
Penelope Fillon in 2007
On 25 January 2017, the satirical weekly Le Canard enchaîné alleged that François Fillon employed his wife Penelope as his parliamentary assistant from 1998 and 2002 and for six months in 2012, with no evidence that she completed any substantial work. She collected a monthly salary of €3,900 to €4,600. After her husband's appointment as Minister of Social Affairs in 2002 and during his later tenure as Minister of National Education, she went on to serve until 2007 as a parliamentary aide to Marc Joulaud, Fillon's substitute, earning an increased salary upwards of €7,900 and with still no evidence of substantial work. The article claimed that she received a total of over €500,000 as a parliamentary aide, as well as €100,000 as a literary adviser to the Revue des deux Mondes. Its owner, billionaire Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, is a close friend of François Fillon. While deputies in the National Assembly can employ family members, those are still required to complete legitimate work, evidence of which the paper was unable to find.[95] Based on that information and on the same day, the PNF (parquet national financier, or national financial prosecutor's office) initiated a preliminary investigation into possible embezzlement and misuse of public funds.[96]
On 26 January, François Fillon appeared on TF1 to respond to these allegations, stating that his wife had "edited my speeches" and "stood in for me at events when I couldn’t be there", also claiming that the reason that she was never seen working in the Palais Bourbon was because "she was never on the front line". In the interview, he disclosed that he also paid two of his children while a Senator for the Sarthe between 2005 and 2007, claiming that he employed them in their capacity as lawyers. He also pledged to resign if he would be personally placed under investigation.[97] However, on 27 January, it was revealed that both Marie and Charles Fillon were only law students when their father employed them during his stint in the Senate, contrary to his statements the previous day.[98] Interrogated by investigators the same day, former editor-in-chief of the Revue des deux Mondes Michel Crépu claimed that only "two or maybe three" bylines in the review were attributed to her, also saying that he had seen "no trace" of any work by her that would "resemble [that of] a literary adviser".[99]
Marc Joulaud in 2014
On 1 February, a week after its initial report, Le Canard enchaîné published revelations that the total sum received by Penelope Fillon in fictitious jobs apparently totaled more than €930,000; with the addition of the period from 1988 to 1990, her income as a parliamentary assistant now totaled €831,440. In addition, the satirical weekly also revealed that the payments to two of Fillon's children reached nearly €84,000, with €57,084 net for Marie Fillon and €26,651 for Charles Fillon.[100] Video excerpts of a May 2007 Sunday Telegraph interview with Penelope Fillon surfaced on 2 February, in which she claimed that she had "never been his assistant", referring to her husband; The footage aired on Envoyé spécial on France 2 that evening.[101] The PNF expanded investigation into the fictitious employment affair to include Fillon's two eldest children the same day to verify the veracity of their work, after Le Canard enchaîné reported that neither Marie nor Charles Fillon were lawyers at the time their father served in the Senate.[102] In a video on 3 February, François Fillon insisted that he would maintain his candidacy and called on his supporters to "hold the line", seeking to assuage worries from within his own camp about the maintenance of his candidacy.[103]
On 6 February, Fillon held a press conference at which he "apologized to the French people" and acknowledged that he had committed an "error" in employing family members as parliamentary assistants, but appended that he "never broke the law". He also argued that his wife's "salary was perfectly justified", adding that everything reported by the press on the issue was "legal and transparent". He said he would not reimburse the payments received by his wife or children, and, saying that he had "nothing to hide", divulged his property holdings. In addition to promising that his lawyers would question the competency of the PNF to carry out the investigation, he lambasted a "media lynching" of his campaign. His remarks followed Juppé's declaration that "NO means NO" earlier in the day in response to rumors that he might replace Fillon as the party's candidate should he decide to drop his bid.[104]
Sarkozy in 2015
Le Canard enchaîné continued its run of stories on Fillon in its issue of 8 February, revealing that Penelope Fillon collected severance payments totaling €45,000, with €16,000 in August 2002 for the period 1998–2002 and €29,000 in 2013 for seventeen months of employment for which she earned €65,839. The satirical weekly also asserted that she received a double salary during the summer of 2002, as she was hired by Joulaud's office on 13 July, more than a month before her contract as a parliamentary assistant with her husband expired, on 21 August. Although aides are eligible to collect severance payments, the law does not permit such a high level for parliamentary assistants. An article in the same issue reported that Marie Fillon was simultaneously employed as a parliamentary assistant while training to become a lawyer, taking the first post in October 2005 and entering the EFB in January 2006. Fillon responded to the claims in a press release by saying that Le Canard enchaîné conflated the amount his wife collected in November 2013 with reported earnings in August 2007 after the conclusion of her work with Joulaud,[105] and denounced the paper's allegations as "lies".[106]
On 16 February, Fillon seemingly withdrew his earlier promise that he would terminate his candidacy if placed under formal investigation, saying "even if I am put under investigation, nothing will stop me" in private.[107] In an interview with Le Figaro published on 17 February, he insisted on continuing his campaign, declaring "I am the candidate and I will continue until victory" and that the closer to the election it was, the "more scandalous it would be to deprive the right and centre of a candidate".[108] On 24 February the PNF finally opened a judicial investigation into the "embezzlement of public funds, [...] influence-peddling and failure to comply with transparency obligations of the HATVP" against François Fillon, his wife, two of his children, and Marc Joulaud (who were left unnamed, presumably, to allow for expanding the investigation to other suspects, if necessary). The OCLCIFF, which failed to unearth any tangible proof of work by Fillon's wife as a parliamentary assistant to her husband from 1988 to 1990, 1998 to 2000, and 2012 to 2013 or to Marc Joulaud from 2002 to 2007, and was unconvinced by the two reviews in the Revue des deux Mondes attributed to Penelope Fillon, tasked three investigative judges to continue pursuing the affair.[109] These three judges were identified on 27 February as Serge Tournaire, Stéphanie Tacheau, and Aude Buresi.[110]
Jean-Christophe Lagarde in 2015
On 1 March, Fillon was informed that he was summoned to appear before the judges and likely to be placed under formal investigation – generally a precursor to an eventual indictment – on 15 March.[111] In the subsequent hours and days, hundreds of campaign members, allies, and supporters rescinded their support for Fillon, including the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), a centre-right party whose president Jean-Christophe Lagarde backed Juppé in the primary, suspended its participation in the campaign.[112] fifteen campaign staffers,[113] and hundreds of others; a total of 306 elected officials and members of the Fillon campaign withdrew their support for the candidate by 5 March.[114] Many of those rescinding their support speculated about the potential return of Juppé to replace Fillon as the party's candidate, with Fenech urging elected officials file sponsorships for the ex-primary candidate.[115] Meanwhile, associates of Juppé indicated that he was apparently warming to the idea of stepping in to run if needed, "ready but loyal".[116]
Alain Juppé in 2015
Despite this chain of defections, François Fillon remained defiant, holding a rally at the Trocadéro on that afternoon intended as show of force.[117] He then appeared on 20 heures on France 2 that evening, during which he refused to give up his candidacy, saying that "there is no alternative" and adding that "no one today can stop me from being a candidate", insisting that "it is not the party that will decide" the fate of his candidacy. He said that the rally at the Trocadéro cemented his legitimacy, and that though he would have stepped down two months ago if indicted then, it was now too close to the presidential election and it would be unfair to voters of the right if he quit now. With a "political committee" planned for the following day, he proposed to assemble a modified campaign team, naming François Baroin, Éric Ciotti, and Luc Chatel, in an attempt to rally support around his candidacy.[118] Immediately after Fillon's appearance, Juppé announced on Twitter that he give a statement to the press in Bordeaux at 10:30 CET the day after.[119]
Juppé officially announced his abstention from the race on 6 March, saying that "for me, it is too late", and added that Fillon was at a "dead end" with his allegations of political assassination.[120] The same day, the party's "political committee" rallied behind Fillon, unanimously reaffirming its support for his candidacy.[121] The same day, Le Canard enchaîné revealed that Fillon had failed to declare to the HATVP a €50,000 loan from Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, president of the Revue des deux Mondes.[122] The UDI renewed its support for Fillon that evening, albeit only conditionally.[123] On 13 March, Le Parisien revealed that investigators discovered suspicious wire transfers made by Marie and Charles Fillon to their father while employed by him, with Marie returning €33,000 of the €46,000 she was paid. Charles Fillon, in his hearing, referred to similar transfers to his parents' joint account, worth about 30% of his salary.[124]
On the morning of 14 March, Fillon was placed under formal investigation for misuse of public funds, embezzlement, and failure to comply with HATVP disclosure requirements.[125] On 16 March the investigation into Fillon was extended to "aggravated fraud, forgery, and falsification of records". In particular, the probe sought to determine whether documents seized during a search of the National Assembly in March were forged in order to corroborate the veracity of Penelope Fillon's work as a parliamentary assistant.[126] The investigation was also expanded into possible influence-peddling related to Fillon's consulting firm 2F Conseil, which was previously hired by billionaire Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, owner of the Revue des deux Mondes, which employed Penelope Fillon. In 2013 de Lacharrière also provided a €50,000 loan to François Fillon, who failed to declare it as legally required.[127] On L'Émission politique on 23 March, Fillon said that Bienvenue Place Beauvau, a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of Le Canard enchaîné, suggested President Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents, a claim Hassoux subsequently denied.[128] On 24 March, Marc Joulaud, Fillon's former substitute, was formally placed under investigation for embezzlement of public funds.[129] Penelope Fillon was placed under formal investigation for complicity in and concealment of embezzlement and misuse of public funds, as well as aggravated fraud, on 28 March.[130]
On 10 April, Mediapart revealed that Penelope Fillon had in fact been paid by the National Assembly starting in 1982, not 1986, as earlier claimed by François Fillon.[131] The edition of Le Canard enchaîné set for publication on 12 April revealed that François Fillon secured his then-fiancée a job three times the minimum wage in a Parisian ministry as early as 1980 while he was serving as deputy chief of staff to Minister of Defence Joël Le Theule; her contract ended in 1981, after 15 months, after the Socialists swept into power.[132]
Other incidents[edit]
Yannick Jadot (EELV) withdrew to support Hamon
After securing his party's nomination in its presidential primary on 29 January 2017, Socialist Party (PS) dissident Benoît Hamon proposed forming a "governmental majority" with Jean-Luc Mélenchon of la France Insoumise (FI) and Yannick Jadot of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), seeking to "reconcile the left and the environmentalists". Though Mélenchon had earlier demonstrated hostility to the possibility of an alliance, he expressed "satisfaction" with Hamon's sentiments shortly after the primary.[133] On 23 February, Jadot cemented an agreement to withdraw his candidacy in favor of Hamon,[34] but on 26 February Hamon acknowledged that talks to secure an alliance with Mélenchon had failed, the pair only agreeing to a code of mutual respect.[134] The talks failed in part because of the candidates' differing positions on matters related to the European Union (EU), European Central Bank (ECB), EU treaties, European defense, and the obligation to maintain a budget deficit below 3% of GDP, among other divergences.[135]
During a trip to Algeria on 15 February, Emmanuel Macron, candidate of En Marche!, remarked in an interview with local press that the French presence in the country had been a "crime against humanity" and "truly barbaric", drawing the ire of numerous right-wing French politicians. François Fillon of the Republicans denounced Macron's remarks as a "hatred of our history, this constant repentance is unworthy of a candidate for the presidency of the Republic".[136] Seeking to put aside the controversy in a meeting in Toulon on 18 February, he attempted to qualify his remarks, saying that he was "sorry" for having "hurt" and "offended" many as a result, but nevertheless continued to insist on acknowledging that France had a responsibility for its colonial past, not just in Algeria.[137] His remarks were followed by a temporary resurgence for Fillon in polls of voting intentions.[138]
Marine Le Pen at Strasbourg in 2014
The various investigations of the fictitious employment of 29 parliamentary assistants to 23 National Front (FN) MEPs, implicating the entourage of Marine Le Pen,[139] continued through 2017. These fictitious jobs would constitute €7.5 million in losses for European taxpayers from the period 2010 to 2016. The European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) pursued the case, establishing that one of Le Pen's parliamentary assistants, Catherine Griset, never secured a lease in Brussels during the five years she was employed and only rarely appeared in the European Parliament, while another, Thierry Légier, worked as a bodyguard at the same time.[140] Though the European Parliament demanded that Le Pen return €298,392 by 31 January 2018,[141][142] representing the salary "unduly paid" to Griset,[143] she refused to do so,[141] and the European Parliament began to reduce her salary to reclaim the money.[142] On 20 February, investigators raided the FN's headquarters in Nanterre for a second time in connection to the case;[144] though Le Pen was summoned to appear before judges on 22 February in the Griset case, she refused to do so until after the June legislative elections, invoking the parliamentary immunity granted to her as a MEP.[145] On 3 March, summoned to appear before judges to potentially be charged for breach of confidence, Le Pen was absent, again affirming that she would not respond to the case before the end of the campaign.[146] On 6 March, Charles Hourcade, who served as parliamentary assistant to FN MEP Marie-Christine Boutonnet, faced charges of "concealment of breach of confidence" in a separate case; like Le Pen, who described the investigations into the FN's fictitious employment of parliamentary assistants as a "political operation", Boutonnet declined to appear before judges.[147]
During the early morning of 13 April, the ground floor of the building that houses Le Pen's campaign headquarters was targeted by an arson attempt,[148] and on 17 April the seats of the Socialist Party and the Republicans in Lille were burglarized and vandalized at night.[149]
On 20 April, three days before the first round, three police officers were shot and one killed in an attack on the Champs-Élysées, interrupting the 15 minutes pour convaincre (15 minutes to convince) on France 2, a program featuring successive interviews with the 11 candidates; in the following interviews, the remaining candidates paid tribute to the victims of the attack.[150] In the wake of the attack, Le Pen and Fillon, suspended campaign activities the following day – the final day of campaigning – while Macron canceled two trips and Mélenchon insisted on maintaining his schedule to demonstrate that he would not allow violence to interrupt the democratic process; Hamon made similar remarks, proceeding with one campaign event the following day.[151]
A report published on 25 April by the Japan-based security firm Trend Micro alleged that a group of hackers was targeting the Macron campaign. The group, known as "Pawn Storm" (better known as APT28 or "Fancy Bear"), is believed to be linked to the Russian state, and was responsible for previous attacks, including on TV5Monde in April and the Bundestag in May 2015. In particular, the group attempted a phishing operation, registering four domains strongly resembling those actually used by En Marche!, of which three were domiciled in Ukraine and one in France.[152]
First round[edit]
A voting line of French expatriates in Morges, Switzerland
The official campaign began on 10 April and ended at midnight on 21 April. During this period, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel was to ensure equal speaking time for candidates in audiovisual media.[8] On French public broadcasters, ten slots were allotted to the eleven candidates from 10 to 18 and 20 April, with nine slots on 19 April and eleven slots – one for each candidate – on 21 April, the final day of active campaigning.[153]
Voting in the first round took place on Saturday 22 April from 08:00 to 19:00 (local time) in the French overseas departments and territories situated east of the International Date Line and west of metropolitan France (i.e. French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), as well as at French diplomatic missions in the Americas.[154] As of 17:00 (local time), the official turnout figures announced were lower in the overseas departments and territories (except for Saint Barthélemy) than in the 2012 election.[155] Although overseas voting took place one day before that in metropolitan France, the election results and final turnout figures were announced at the same time, starting at 20:00 (Paris time) on 23 April, once voting ended in metropolitan France.[156][157] Voting in metropolitan France (as well as the French overseas departments and territories of Mayotte, New Caledonia, Réunion and Wallis and Futuna, and French diplomatic missions outside the Americas) took place on 23 April from 08:00 to 19:00 or 20:00 (local time).[154]
The official election results were declared by the Constitutional Council on 26 April, with Macron and Le Pen advancing to the second round.[8] As in 2002, many protested against the FN's advancement to the second round, with several hundred attending a protest organized by SOS Racisme on the Place de la République the following evening which was joined by the CFDT and UNEF, among others.[158] SOS Racisme, the LICRA,[159] CRIF,[160] CFCM, and UOIF also backed Macron following the first-round result.[161]
Debates[edit]
See also: French presidential debates
A debate between François Fillon, Benoît Hamon, Marine Le Pen, Emmanuel Macron, and Jean-Luc Mélenchon took place on 20 March, hosted by TF1 and moderated by journalists Anne-Claire Coudray and Gilles Bouleau. It is the first time that a debate prior to the first round was held. The choice of date means that TF1 will not be required to provide candidates with equal speaking time, as Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) regulations do not go into force until 9 April, the start of the official campaign. Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, who was not invited, denounced the debate as a "rape of democracy",[162] and the CSA urged TF1 to guarantee fair speaking time for other candidates.[163] Dupont-Aignan filed an appeal that was rejected in part because he had already received airtime proportionate to his support.[164] On 18 March, appearing on TF1, he quit mid-interview, furious at his exclusion from the network's debate.[165] The first debate began with an introductory question – "What kind of president do you want to be?" – followed by segments on three themes lasting about 50 minutes each: what type of society France should have, what type of economic model France should adopt, and the place of France in the world. The five candidates were given two minutes to answer each question, but opponents had the opportunity to interject 90 seconds in.[166] The debate was three and a half hours long,[167] and was watched by 9.8 million (47% of the audience share) on TF1, peaking at 11.5 million.[168]
BFM TV and CNews hosted the second debate on 4 April at 20:40 CEST, moderated by Ruth Elkrief and Laurence Ferrari,[169] inviting all candidates who qualified to appear on the first-round ballot.[170] The start time, earlier than that of the TF1 debate, was chosen to avoid continuing well past midnight. Three themes were addressed: employment, the French social model, and the protection of the French. The final part of the debate concerned the exercise of power and moralization of public officials. Each of the 11 candidates invited had a minute and a half to answer each question, and other candidates were permitted to challenge their answers. This was the first ever debate including all first-round candidates;[171] A total of 6.3 million people representing an audience share of 32% viewed the debate; BFM TV alone claimed 5.5 million viewers, equivalent to 28% audience share – an all-time record for the channel.[172]
France 2 intended to host a debate with all candidates on 20 April,[162] but on 28 March Mélenchon stated he was unhappy with its timing, planning not to attend, and would prefer that it be held before 17 April.[173] Macron also expressed reservations about the proposed third debate, stating that he wanted only one debate with all 11 candidates before the first round, and preferably not just three days before the first round of voting.[174] On 29 March, the CSA indicated that it was "concerned" that the date of the debate was too close to the first round, and recommended that candidates and broadcasters work to find an agreement as quickly as possible.[175] France Télévisions decided to maintain the date of 20 April due to the lack of a consensus on an alternative the following day,[176] but abandoned plans for a third debate on 5 April, instead proposing that individual candidates be interviewed by Léa Salamé and David Pujadas during that timeslot.[177] The plan was finally confirmed on 18 April, with France 2 offering successive 15-minute interviews to the 11 candidates with the two hosts.[178]
[hide]2017 French presidential election first-round debates
Date
Organizers
Moderators
P Present NI Non-invitee
Notes
Arthaud
Poutou
Mélenchon
Hamon
Macron
Lassalle
Fillon
Dupont-Aignan
Asselineau
Le Pen
Cheminade
20 March
21:00 CET TF1
LCI Anne-Claire Coudray
Gilles Bouleau NI NI P P P NI P NI NI P NI [162][179]
4 April
20:40 CEST BFM TV
CNews Ruth Elkrief
Laurence Ferrari P P P P P P P P P P P [169][171]
Candidate viewed as "most convincing" in each debate
Debate
Poll source
Arthaud
Poutou
Mélenchon
Hamon
Macron
Lassalle
Fillon
Dupont-Aignan
Asselineau
Le Pen
Cheminade
Notes
20 March
TF1/LCI
Elabe 20% 11% 29% 19% 19% [180]
OpinionWay 17% 8% 25% 20% 18% [181]
Harris* 13% 6% 20% 17% 18% [182]
Ifop-Fiducial* 17% 5% 19% 12% 16% [183]
4 April
BFM TV/CNews
Elabe 3% 5% 25% 9% 21% 1% 15% 6% 3% 11% 0% [184]
OpinionWay 1% 3% 20% 8% 19% 2% 17% 5% 3% 10% 0% [185]
Harris* 1% 2% 14% 6% 16% 2% 12% 4% 1% 15% 0% [186]
Ifop-Fiducial* 2% 6% 24% 7% 19% 2% 16% 5% 2% 16% 1% [187]
* Harris and Ifop-Fiducial polls were conducted among those aware of the debate; Elabe and OpinionWay polls among debate viewers.
Second round[edit]
La Rotonde, where Macron celebrated the results of the first round
Voting cards for the second round.
Supporters of Macron celebrating his victory at the Louvre on 7 May
After being eliminated in the first round, both François Fillon and Benoît Hamon called to vote for Emmanuel Macron, while Jean-Luc Mélenchon refused to pronounce in favor of either candidate, preferring to first consult activists from his movement.[2] Jean Lassalle and Nathalie Arthaud opted to cast a blank vote,[2][22] Philippe Poutou and François Asselineau gave no voting instructions,[2] and Jacques Cheminade only stated that he would personally refuse to vote for Le Pen and denounced the forces of "financial occupation".[21] Nicolas Dupont-Aignan endorsed Le Pen during the evening of 28 April,[16] and was subsequently revealed as her choice for Prime Minister the following day.[188] On 2 May, the result of Mélenchon's consultation was published, with 36.12% voting for a blank vote, 34.83% supporting a vote for Macron, and 29.05% opting to abstain;[189] Mélenchon, for his part, issued no voting instructions, only urging his supporters not to make the "terrible error" of voting for Le Pen.[190] Jean-Marie Le Pen supported his daughter.[191]
On the evening of the first round, Macron and members of his entourage celebrated the result at La Rotonde, a brasserie in the 6th arrondissement of Paris; the move was criticized as premature and complacent, viewed as reminiscent of Nicolas Sarkozy's widely-criticized post-election celebration at Fouquet's in 2007.[192] On 24 April, Le Pen vacated her position as leader of the National Front on 24 April to focus on her presidential candidacy but remained a member of the party.[193] On 26 April, while Macron met with union representatives in his hometown of Amiens employed at the local Whirlpool factory, slated to close in 2018, Le Pen arrived at the site of the factory outdoors around noon in a visit to speak with workers, catching Macron by surprise. When Macron subsequently arrived at the factory site in mid-afternoon, he was whistled and heckled by a hostile crowd, with some shouting "Marine présidente", before he subsequently spoke with the workers for half an hour.[194]
The official campaign ended at midnight on 5 May.[195] Just minutes before the election silence went into effect, emails and documents from the Macron campaign were leaked on a file-sharing website. The campaign team subsequently issued a statement claiming that they had been compromised, and alleged that the leak contained both real as well and some fabricated documents. Numerama, an online publication focusing on digital life, described the leaked material as "utterly mundane", consisting of "the contents of a hard drive and several emails of co-workers and En Marche political officials." Leaked documents included "memos, bills, loans for amounts that are hardly over-the-top, recommendations and other reservations, amidst, of course, exchanges that are strictly personal and private — personal notes on the rain and sunshine, a confirmation email for the publishing of a book, reservation of a table for friends, etc.", in addition to some documents unrelated to Macron.[196]
Voting in the second round took place on Saturday 6 May from 08:00 to 19:00 (local time) in the French overseas departments and territories situated east of the International Date Line and west of metropolitan France (i.e. French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), as well as at French diplomatic missions in the Americas. Voting in metropolitan France (as well as the French overseas departments and territories of Mayotte, New Caledonia, Réunion and Wallis and Futuna, and French diplomatic missions outside the Americas) took place on Sunday 7 May from 08:00 to 19:00 or 20:00 (local time).[154] The results of the second round were officially proclaimed on 10 May.[197]
Debate[edit]
Though TF1 initially had plans to hold its own debate between the first and second round, it will instead jointly host one with France 2.[198] BFM TV also originally intended to host a debate between the two rounds, and it sought to join France 2 and TF1 in co-hosting a single debate but was rebuffed; while all channels were welcome to broadcast the debate, CEO of France Télévisions Delphine Ernotte said, it would not accept such an arrangement with BFM TV, which would mean three journalists moderating the debate.[199] Unlike Jacques Chirac, who refused to debate Jean-Marie Le Pen after the latter's surprise advancement to the second round in the 2002 presidential election, Macron agreed to debate Marine Le Pen on 3 May.[200] The debate, planned to start at 21:00 CEST and last 2 hours and 20 minutes, was originally to be moderated by Gilles Bouleau and David Pujadas; however, after the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) raised concerns that the moderators would both be men for the first time since 1995, the final pair of Christophe Jakubyszyn of TF1 and Nathalie Saint-Cricq of France 2 was chosen.[201] A total of 16.5 million people (60% of the audience share) watched the debate.[202]
[hide]2017 French presidential election second-round debate
Date
Organizers
Moderators
P Present
Notes
Macron
Le Pen
3 May
21:00 CEST TF1
France 2 Christophe Jakubyszyn
Nathalie Saint-Cricq P P [201]
Candidate viewed as "most convincing"
Debate
Poll source
Macron
Le Pen
Notes
3 May
TF1/France 2
Elabe 63% 34% [203]
Harris* 42% 26% [204]
Ifop-Fiducial* 45% 29% [205]
Odoxa* 48% 19% [206]
* Elabe poll among viewers; Harris and Ifop-Fiducial polls among those aware of debate;
Odoxa poll among a representative sample of the French population
Opinion polls[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the French presidential election, 2017
First-round polling
International reactions[edit]
Australia – Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull offered his congratulations and received a text in reply from Macron saying that he was "looking forward to working together".[207] He also tweeted his best wishes, hoping to "build even stronger ties between our two great nations."[208]
Brazil – President Michel Temer congratulated Macron and reaffirmed Brazil's willingness to work alongside France for democracy and said that the two countries are "united by the determination to promote modernization reforms" to increase the partnership between the two nations.[209]
Canada – Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called Macron to congratulate him, and said in a statement "I look forward to working closely with President-elect Macron in the years ahead as we work together on a progressive agenda to promote international security, increase collaboration in science and technology, and create good, middle class jobs on both sides of the Atlantic",[207] noting that this "also includes implementing the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement. Canada and France share a warm and historic relationship, rooted in our common history, deep cultural ties, people-to-people connections, and strong economic partnership", committing to work together within NATO, the G7, G20, and the OIF.[208]
China – President Xi Jinping offered his congratulations, saying that both countries had a "responsibility toward peace and development in the world", and also stated that "China stands ready to work with France to move the strategic Sino-French partnership to a higher level",[207] describing the relationship as "developing steadily, healthily and consistently in recent years."[208]
Croatia - President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović congratulated Macron on his victory, invited him to an official visit to Croatia and expressed her desire to further develop friendly Croatia–France relations.[210] Prime Minister Andrej Plenković also congratulated Macron on his victory and pointed that "it confirms that the vast majority of France has opted for the European values that we all share". In addition, he expressed his satisfaction that they will be able to work together on response to the "legitimate expectations of Europeans in terms of solidarity, security and equal opportunities".[211]
Egypt – President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi congratulated Macron, expressing his keenness on working with him to boost cooperation between the two countries.[212]
European Union – President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker congratulated Macron in the wake of his victory in a tweet reading: "Happy that the French have chosen a European future. Together for a stronger and fairer Europe." President of the European Council Donald Tusk tweeted that the French had voted for "liberty, equality and fraternity" and "said no to the tyranny of fake news".[207] Chief Brexit negotiator for the European Parliament Guy Verhofstadt said that "We supported him from the very start. I am relieved by his defeat of demagoguery and populism. I am also proud of his commitment to a social, liberal European project."[208]
Germany – In a press conference, Chancellor Angela Merkel described Macron's victory as spectacular, saying that he "carries the hopes of millions of French people, and of many people in Germany and the whole of Europe" and "ran a courageous pro-European campaign, stands for openness to the world and is committed decisively to a social market economy". Her chief of staff Peter Altmaier tweeted "Vive la France, Vive L’Europe!" and added that Macron's triumph represented "a strong signal for our common values". Minister for Foreign Affairs Sigmar Gabriel hailed Macron's success for keeping France "at the heart of Europe",[207] and Merkel's chief spokesman Steffen Seibert tweeted "felicitations", describing the election as "a victory for a strong and united Europe". Macron had a 10-minute phone conversation with Merkel, his first call with a foreign leader after winning, and told her that he would travel to Berlin "very quickly" in a "very warm" exchange.[208]
Greece – Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras tweeted "victory is a fresh breath for France and the whole of Europe. I am certain we will work closely together for Europe to change course, inspire its people again so as to never again experience the nightmare of the extreme right."[208]
Indonesia – Foreign Ministry spokesman Arrmanatha Nasir congratulated France and its people on a safe and peaceful election.[213]
Italy – Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni tweeted, in the aftermath of Macron's victory, "Hurrah Macron President! There is hope for Europe!" Former Prime Minister and current leader of the Democratic Party Matteo Renzi also celebrated Macron's victory, writing that "Macron’s victory writes an extraordinary page of hope for France and Europe".[208]
Iran – President Hassan Rouhani said that he hoped obstacles in the way of enhanced relations would be removed under the new French leader.[214]
Iraq – Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi sent a congratulatory letter to Macron that emphasized the need to strengthen cooperation in fighting against ISIL.[215]
Japan – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that "the victory of President-elect Macron is a symbolic victory against inward-looking and protectionist moves and shows a vote of confidence in the EU".[207] Abe, due to meet Macron at the G7 meeting in Italy later in May, also said that "I want to work together with [you] for world peace and prosperity at a time of continued challenges to the international order".[208]
Netherlands – Prime Minister Mark Rutte said that the French had "made a clear progressive and pro-European choice" and "a choice for cooperation within Europe in areas where that is necessary, instead of an inward-looking vision." Minister of Foreign Affairs Bert Koenders said in a tweet that "France chooses for reform, for Europe and against xenophobia. We look forward to working together with the new French government."[208]
North Korea – North Korea expressed hopes that the Macron would achieve "development and prosperity", according to a message sent by the ceremonial head of state Kim Yong-Nam.[216]
Poland – President Andrzej Duda tendered his congratulations, writing in a letter "I hope for fruitful co-operation in rebuilding confidence in the process of European integration, which is based on values," offering an invitation to visit his country. In a tweet, Prime Minister Beata Szydło also congratulated Macron and entreated him to visit as well.[208]
Russia – In a congratulatory statement, the Kremlin exhorted Macron to cooperate with Russia in order to "overcome mutual mistrust and unite to ensure international stability and security."[207] In a telegram, President Vladimir Putin said "The citizens of France entrusted you to lead the country in a difficult period for Europe and for the entire world community. The growing threat of terrorism and violent extremism is accompanied by an escalation of local conflicts and the destabilisation of entire regions. In these condition it is especially important to overcome mutual distrust and join forces to ensure international stability and security."[208]
Singapore – President Tony Tan and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Long wrote a letter to congratulate Macron on winning the election on May 7.[217]
Spain – Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said that the election of Macron would help to strengthen the European Union at a crucial time, and praised Macron in a congratulatory telegram, commending his "firm defense of the European integration process". He also said, with Macron, "France – a friend, neighbor and strategic partner of Spain – will actively contribute to the advancement and reinforcement of the European Union in a key moment of its history."[208]
Thailand – Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha send a note to Macron, which states that "for 161 years, the Kingdom of Thailand and the French Republic have enjoyed close and friendly relations. Our long-standing ties have evolved into a 'Strategic Partnership' based on common interests in a number of important areas". He added "I look forward to working closely with you to reinforce our mutual beneficial ties for the prosperity of our two countries and people’s."[218]
Turkey – President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan congratulated Macron on his election victory in a telephone conversation.[219]
United Kingdom – Following the announcement of the result, Downing Street indicated that Prime Minister Theresa May "warmly congratulates president-elect Macron on his election success," adding that "France is one of our closest allies and we look forward to working with the new president on a wide range of shared priorities."[207] According to a spokesperson, May spoke with Macron to congratulate him on his victory and "briefly discussed Brexit and the Prime Minister reiterated that the UK wants a strong partnership with a secure and prosperous EU once we leave", with Downing Street praising "the UK and France's unique partnership providing a strong foundation for future co-operation", and saying that the "Prime Minister and President-elect Macron looked forward to meeting and holding discussions at the upcoming NATO and G7 summits".[208]
United States – President Donald Trump wrote in a tweet, "Congratulations to Emmanuel Macron on his big win today as the next President of France. I look very much forward [sic] to working with him!"[207] White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said in a statement that "We congratulate President-elect Macron and the people of France on their successful presidential election. We look forward to working with the new President and continuing our close cooperation with the French government."[208]
Post-election[edit]
See also: French legislative election, 2017
On 8 May, Macron joined President Hollande on the Champs-Elysées to commemorate the surrender of Germany on the same day in 1945. The official transfer of power took place on 14 May,[5] after which Macron nominated his prime minister and government.[220] The legislative elections to elect the 15th National Assembly will be held a month after the presidential election, with two rounds on 11 and 18 June 2017,[221] in which En Marche! will present its candidates under the label of La République En Marche!; a list of the movement's candidates for the legislative elections was published on 11 May.[222]
Following the second round of the presidential election on 7 May, Macron announced he would be stepping down as president of En Marche!, Le Pen announced that she would undertake a "profound transformation" of the National Front, and Mélenchon urged his supporters to mobilize in the legislative elections.[5]
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Jump up ^ Caroline Sallé (28 March 2017). "Présidentielle : Mélenchon refuse de participer au débat de France 2". Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Caroline Sallé; Marc de Boni (28 March 2017). "Présidentielle : Mélenchon et Macron remettent en cause le dernier débat sur France 2". Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Présidentielle : le CSA "préoccupé" par la date du débat de France 2 le 20 avril". franceinfo. Agence France-Presse. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Débat du 20 avril: France Télévisions maintient la date". Le Figaro. Agence France-Presse. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Enguérand Renault (5 April 2017). "Présidentielle: France 2 abandonne le second débat entre les onze candidats". Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Présidentielle : France 2 confirme la tenue de son émission politique avec onze candidats". Le Parisien. 18 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Premier débat de la présidentielle : TF1 et LCI recevront les cinq principaux candidats le 20 mars". Europe 1. 16 March 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Débat : Le plus convaincant – Sondage ELABE pour BFMTV". Elabe. 21 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Les réactions au premier débat entre les candidats à l'élection présidentielle" (PDF). OpinionWay. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Enquête post 1er débat de l'élection présidentielle de 2017" (PDF). Harris Interactive. 21 March 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rolling 2017 – L'élection présidentielle en temps réel" (PDF). Ifop. 24 March 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Qui a été le plus convaincant ?". Elabe. 5 April 2017. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Les réactions au débat du 4 avril entre les candidats à l'élection présidentielle" (PDF). OpinionWay. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Enquête post 2ème débat de l'élection présidentielle de 2017" (PDF). Harris Interactive. 5 April 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rolling 2017 – L'élection présidentielle en temps réel" (PDF). Ifop. 7 April 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Marine Le Pen annonce qu'elle nommera Nicolas Dupont-Aignan Premier ministre si elle est élue". BFM TV. 29 April 2017. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Charlie Vandekerkhove (2 May 2017). "Les militants de la France insoumise plébiscitent le vote blanc ou l'abstention au second tour". BFM TV. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Présidentielle : deux tiers des Insoumis de Mélenchon choisissent le vote blanc ou l'abstention". Le Parisien. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Arthur Berdah (17 April 2017). "«Moi, je vote Marine», annonce Jean-Marie Le Pen". Le Figaro. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Le « moment de cœur » de Macron à La Rotonde se mêle aux souvenirs du Fouquet's de Sarkozy". Le Monde. 24 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Marine Le Pen se " met en congé de la présidence du Front national "". Le Monde. 24 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Whirlpool : la folle journée d'Emmanuel Macron et Marine Le Pen en quatre actes". franceinfo. 26 April 2017. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Revivez le dernier jour de la campagne présidentielle". Le Monde. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Julien Cadot (5 May 2017). "#MacronLeaks : à 24h du vote, des opposants au candidat En Marche jouent leurs dernières cartes". Numerama. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Communiqué sur l'annonce des résultats officiels du second tour de l'élection présidentielle". Conseil constitutionnel. 5 May 2017. Archived from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Marc Baudriller (5 April 2017). "TF1 renonce à organiser son propre débat d'entre les deux tours". Challenges. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Louis Hausalter (12 April 2017). "Débat du second tour : TF1 et France 2 refusent un plan à trois avec BFMTV". Marianne. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Présidentielle : Macron accepte de participer au débat TV de l'entre-deux-tours face à Le Pen". Europe 1. Agence France-Presse. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Léa Stassinet (26 April 2017). "Présidentielle 2017 : comment va se dérouler le débat de l'entre-deux tours ?". RTL. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "16,5 millions de Français devant le dernier débat". Le Figaro. 4 May 2017. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Qui a été le plus convaincant ?". Elabe. 3 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Enquête post débat entre-deux tours de l'élection présidentielle de 2017" (PDF). Harris Interactive. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Yannick Vely (4 May 2017). "Sondage post-débat : "un KO" en faveur d'Emmanuel Macron". Paris Match. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Le 2nd tour sera marqué par une abstention et un vote de rejet massifs" (PDF). Odoxa. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Daniel Boffey (8 May 2017). "World leaders congratulate Macron on victory as EU breathes sigh of relief". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barney Henderson (8 May 2017). "Donald Trump congratulates Emmanuel Macron on his 'big win': how the world reacted to French presidential election". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Brazil's Temer congratulates Macron on winning French elections". Xinhua. 9 May 2017. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Predsjednica čestitala Macronu na pobjedi i pozvala ga u službeni posjet Hrvatskoj". Index.hr. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Plenković čestitao Macronu: 'Vaša pobjeda je novo ohrabrenje za EU'". Vijesti.hr. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Mohammed El-Said (8 May 2017). "Al-Sisi congratulates Macron after winning French presidency". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indonesia Congratulates Macron on French Election Victory". Tempo. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rouhani congratulates French president-elect". Tehran Timesdate=8 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Iraqi PM congratulates France's new president, hopes for further anti-IS cooperation". Global Times. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "North Korea congratulates France's Macron for election victory". The Independent. Agence France-Presse. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "President Tan, PM Lee congratulate French President-elect Emmanuel Macron: MFA". Straits Times. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Thai PM congratulates Macron's election victory". Straits Times. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Erdoğan congratulates France's Macron on election win". Yeni Şafak. Anadolu. 9 May 2017. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Investiture, nomination du premier ministre, législatives… Le calendrier des prochaines semaines de Macron". Le Monde. 7 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Eléa Pommiers (26 April 2017). "Comment se déroulent les élections législatives". Le Monde. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Législatives : En marche ! fera connaître d'ici jeudi à midi ses 577 candidats". Le Figaro. 8 May 2017. Archived from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
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values: Eleccions presidencials franceses de 2017 – Catalan

values: Præsidentvalget i Frankrig 2017 – Danish

values: Präsidentschaftswahl in Frankreich 2017 – German

values: 2017. aasta Prantsusmaa presidendivalimised – Estonian

values: Γαλλικές προεδρικές εκλογές 2017 – Greek

values: Elesiòṅ presidensiàli francéśi dal 2017 – Emiliano-Romagnolo

values: Elecciones presidenciales de Francia de 2017 – Spanish

values: Prezidanta baloto de 2017 en Francio – Esperanto

values: انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری فرانسه (۲۰۱۷) – Persian

values: Élection présidentielle française de 2017 – French

values: Toghchán Uachtaránachta na Fraince 2017 – Irish

values: 2017년 프랑스 대통령 선거 – Korean

values: Նախագահական ընտրություններ Ֆրանսիայում (2017) – Armenian

values: Pemilihan umum Presiden Perancis 2017 – Indonesian

values: Elezioni presidenziali in Francia del 2017 – Italian

values: הבחירות לנשיאות צרפת 2017 – Hebrew

values: 2017. gada Francijas prezidenta vēlēšanas – Latvian

values: Elezion presidenziai in Franza del 2017 – Lombard

values: 2017-es franciaországi elnökválasztás – Hungarian

values: Претседателски избори во Франција (2017) – Macedonian

values: საფრანგეთიშ საპრეზიდენტო გიშაგორუეფი 2017 – Mingrelian

values: Franse presidentsverkiezingen 2017 – Dutch

values: Presidentvalget i Frankrike 2017 – Norwegian

values: Fransiya prezidentlik saylovlari (2017) – Uzbek

values: Wybory prezydenckie we Francji w 2017 roku – Polish

values: Eleição presidencial da França em 2017 – Portuguese

values: Alegeri prezidențiale în Franța, 2017 – Romanian

values: Президентские выборы во Франции (2017) – Russian

values: French presidential election, 2017 – Simple English

values: Volitve predsednika Francije 2017 – Slovenian

values: Избори за председника Француске 2017. – Serbian

values: Predsjednički izbori u Francuskoj 2017. – Serbo-Croatian

values: Presidentvalet i Frankrike 2017 – Swedish

values: การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีฝรั่งเศส ค.ศ. 2017 – Thai

values: 2017 Fransa cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimi – Turkish

values: Президентські вибори у Франції 2017 – Ukrainian

values: Bầu cử tổng thống Pháp, 2017 – Vietnamese

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