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I Am Sam
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For other uses, see I Am Sam (disambiguation).
I Am Sam
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jessie Nelson
Produced by
Jessie Nelson
Richard Solomon
Edward Zwick
Marshall Herskovitz
Written by
Kristine Johnson
Jessie Nelson
Starring
Sean Penn
Michelle Pfeiffer
Dianne Wiest
Dakota Fanning
Richard Schiff
Loretta Devine
Laura Dern
Music by
John Powell
Cinematography
Elliot Davis
Edited by
Richard Chew
Production
company
The Bedford Falls Company
Distributed by
New Line Cinema
Release date
December 28, 2001 (2001-12-28)
Running time
134 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$22 million[1]
Box office
$97,818,139[2]
I Am Sam (stylized i am sam) is a 2001 American drama film written and directed by Jessie Nelson, and starring Sean Penn as a father with an intellectual disability, Dakota Fanning as his inquisitive daughter, and Michelle Pfeiffer as his lawyer. Dianne Wiest, Loretta Devine, Richard Schiff, and Laura Dern appear in supporting roles.
Jessie Nelson and Kristine Johnson, who co-wrote the screenplay, researched the issues facing adults with intellectual disabilities by visiting the non-profit organization L.A. GOAL (Greater Opportunities for the Advanced Living). They subsequently cast two actors with disabilities, Brad Silverman and Joe Rosenberg, in key roles.[3]
For his role as Sam, Penn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 74th Academy Awards in 2002.
The film launched the career of child actress Dakota Fanning, who was then seven years old and had only acted in two small roles. She became the youngest actress to be nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award.
The movie's title is derived from the opening lines "I am Sam / Sam I am" of the book Green Eggs and Ham, which is read in the movie.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Critical reception
4 Awards and honors
5 Soundtrack
6 Remakes
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Sam Dawson (Sean Penn), a man with an intellectual disability, is the single father of Lucy (Dakota Fanning), following their abandonment by her mother, who is revealed to be a homeless woman. Despite his disability, Sam is well-adjusted and has a supportive group of friends with disabilities, as well as a kind, agoraphobic neighbor Annie (Dianne Wiest) who takes care of Lucy when Sam cannot. Though Sam provides a loving place for precocious Lucy, she soon surpasses his mental ability.
Other children tease her for having a father that has mental problems, and she becomes too embarrassed to accept that she is more intellectually advanced than Sam. He gets advice of his friends, as well as hiring a lawyer, Rita Harrison (Michelle Pfeiffer), whose brusque manner, fast-paced schedule and difficult personal life have earned her a bad reputation. In an attempt to prove to others that she is not cold, Rita agrees to take on Sam's case pro bono. As they work together to secure Sam's rights, Sam helps Rita with her personal problems as well. This includes encouraging her to leave her philandering husband and repairing her fractious relationship with her son. She and Sam have a moment together when they reveal that they are never enough.
At the trial, Sam cries. After the trial, Lucy resides in a foster home with Randy Carpenter (Laura Dern), but tries to convince Sam to help her run away, and continually escapes in the middle of the night to go to Sam's apartment, (having learned from the failed attempt to run away) he immediately returns her. The foster family decides not to adopt her like they planned. They decide to give her back to Sam. When returning Lucy to Sam, Randy tells him that she will tell the judge that Sam is a better parent for Lucy. Sam asks Randy if she will help him raise her because he feels like he needs help, and Lucy need another parent.
The final scene depicts a soccer game, in which Sam referees and in which Lucy participates as a player. In attendance are Lucy's former foster family, Sam's friendship group, and a newly single Rita with her son.
Cast[edit]
Sean Penn as Samuel John "Sam" Dawson
Michelle Pfeiffer as Rita Harrison Williams
Dakota Fanning as Lucy Diamond Dawson
Allison and Jillian Thormahlen as infant Lucy
Ryan Williams as 6 month old Lucy
Felicity Ann and Makindra Sherry Forbes as 18 month old Lucy
Elle Fanning as 2 year old Lucy
Amanda Lehaf as 4 year old Lucy
Dianne Wiest as Annie Cassell
Loretta Devine as Margaret Calgrove
Richard Schiff as Mr. Turner
Laura Dern as Miranda "Randy" Carpenter
Marin Hinkle as Patricia
Stanley DeSantis as Robert
Doug Hutchison as Ifty
Rosalind Chao as Lily
Ken Jenkins as Judge Philip McNeily
Wendy Phillips as Miss Wright
Scott Paulin as Duncan Rhodes
Kimberly Scott as Gertie
Michael B. Silver as Dr. Jaslow
Eileen Ryan as Estelle
Mary Steenburgen as Dr. Blake
Critical reception[edit]
The film received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, I Am Sam holds a rating of 35% based on 144 reviews, with the site's consensus saying: "Not only does the manipulative I Am Sam oversimplify a complex issue, it drowns it in treacle."[4] On Metacritic, the film got a score of 28% based on 33 reviews.[5]
The New York Times wrote that "I Am Sam is not a bad movie, and its intentions are unimpeachable. But its sentimentality is so relentless and its narrative so predictable that the life is very nearly squeezed out of it."[6] Variety wrote: "Undone by its best intentions, I Am Sam is an especially insipid example of the Hollywood message movie".[7] The Chicago Sun-Times wrote that "every device of the movie's art is designed to convince us Lucy must stay with Sam, but common sense makes it impossible to go the distance with the premise."[8] Roger Ebert also criticized the morality tale character of the movie, saying that "you can't have heroes and villains when the wrong side is making the best sense."[8]
On the other hand, the Los Angeles Times reviewed it positively as a "most inviting and accessible film that turns upon a mental condition that most people would prefer not to think about."[9] The San Francisco Chronicle commended Sean Penn for his performance: "Penn's accuracy, his lack of condescension or sentiment, and his willingness to inhabit his character without any implicit commentary take what might have been the equivalent of an inflated TV movie and elevate it to the level of art."[10] The New Yorker, however, found Michelle Pfeiffer to be the standout: "Pfeiffer, enormously likable in the role, almost saves the movie."[11]
Awards and honors[edit]
Sean Penn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor (the Oscar), the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor and the Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama.
Dakota Fanning won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Young Performer, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Youth in Film, the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Youth Actress, the Satellite Special Achievement Award for Outstanding New Talent, and the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress Age Ten or Under. She was also nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role.
The soundtrack was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.
The film won the inaugural Stanley Kramer Award from the Producers Guild of America, and was nominated for the Humanitas Prize and the Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film.
Awarding Body
Award
Nominee
Result
Academy Awards Best Actor Sean Penn Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Best Actor Sean Penn Nominated
Best Young Performer Dakota Fanning Won
Grammy Awards Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Nominated
Humanitas Prize Nominated
Japanese Academy Awards Outstanding Foreign Language Film Nominated
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Youth in Film Dakota Fanning Won
Producers Guild of America Stanley Kramer Award Jessie Nelson
Edward Zwick
Marshall Herskovitz
Richard Solomon Won
Phoenix Film Critics Society Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Youth Actress Dakota Fanning Won
Satellite Awards Best Actor Sean Penn Nominated
Special Achievement Award for Outstanding New Talent Dakota Fanning Won
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Sean Penn Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Dakota Fanning Nominated
Young Artist Awards Best Family Feature Film - Drama Won
Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress Age Ten or Under Dakota Fanning Won
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: I Am Sam (soundtrack)
The Grammy Award-nominated soundtrack, in addition to a John Powell score, also has cover versions of songs by the Beatles. Penn commissioned artists such as the Black Crowes, Nick Cave, Stereophonics, Eddie Vedder, Sheryl Crow, Sarah McLachlan, Rufus Wainwright, the Wallflowers, Ben Harper, the Vines and Ben Folds, to cover the songs for the soundtrack. Penn's brother, Michael Penn, is also featured on a duet with his wife Aimee Mann.
As the movie was shot and produced to the original Beatles music, the artists had to record their covers to the same musical timing (tempo) as that of the Beatles' original pieces.
Remakes[edit]
I Am Sam (2001)
(English) Main Aisa Hi Hoon (2005)
(Hindi) Deiva Thirumagal (2011)
(Tamil)
Sean Penn Ajay Devgn Chiyan Vikram
Michelle Pfeiffer Sushmita Sen Anushka Shetty
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Box Office Information for I Am Sam. The Numbers. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "I Am Sam (2001) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Vedder, Crowes Cover Beatles for 'I Am Sam'". billboard.com. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Jump up ^ "I Am Sam Movie Reviews, Pictures". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Jump up ^ "I Am Sam reviews at Metacritic.com". metacritic.com. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Jump up ^ Scott, A. O. (December 28, 2001). "Movie Review - 'I Am Sam' - A Retarded Man Tries to Keep His Child". nytimes.com.
Jump up ^ Koehler, Robert (December 20, 2001). "I Am Sam Review". variety.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebert, Roger (January 25, 2002). "I Am Sam :: rogerebert.com :: Reviews". rogerebert.suntimes.com.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Kevin (December 28, 2001). "In 'I Am Sam,' Skillful Players Embrace a Heartfelt Family Tale". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ LaSalle, Mick (January 25, 2002). "Penn plays sad 'Sam' / He's full of integrity as retarded father". sfgate.com.
Jump up ^ Denby, David (February 4, 2002). "I Am Sam". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: I Am Sam
I Am Sam on IMDb
I Am Sam at Rotten Tomatoes
I Am Sam at Box Office Mojo
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text:
Tetrameric protein
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Tetramer.
The formation of the sorbitol dehydrogenase tetramer from its monomers via dimers.
A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione S-transferase), and heterotetramers are complexes of different subunits. A tetramer can be assembled as dimer of dimers with two homodimer subunits (such as sorbitol dehydrogenase), or two heterodimer subunits (such as hemoglobin).
Contents
[hide]
1 Subunit interactions in tetramers
2 Hydrogen bonds between subunits
3 Tetramers in immunology
4 References
5 External links
Subunit interactions in tetramers[edit]
The interactions between subunits forming a tetramer is primarily determined by non covalent interaction.[1] Hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are the primary sources for this binding process between subunits. For homotetrameric proteins such as Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), the structure is believed to have evolved going from a monomeric to a dimeric and finally a tetrameric structure in evolution. The binding process in SDH and many other tetrameric enzymes can be described by the gain in free energy which can be determined from the rate of association and dissociation.[1] The following image shows the assembly of the four subunits (A,B,C and D) in SDH.
Hydrogen bonds between subunits[edit]
Hydrogen bonding networks between subunits has been shown to be important for the stability of the tetrameric quaternary protein structure. For example, a study of SDH which used diverse methods such as protein sequence alignments, structural comparisons, energy calculations, gel filtration experiments and enzyme kinetics experiments, could reveal an important hydrogen bonding network which stabilizes the tetrameric quaternary structure in mammalian SDH.[1]
Tetramers in immunology[edit]
In immunology, MHC tetramers can be used in tetramer assays, to quantify numbers of antigen-specific T cells (especially CD8+ T cells). MHC tetramers are based on recombinant class I molecules that, through the action of bacterial BirA, have been biotinylated. These molecules are folded with the peptide of interest and β2M and tetramerized by a fluorescently labeled streptavidin. (Streptavidin binds to four biotins per molecule.) This tetramer reagent will specifically label T cells that express T cell receptors that are specific for a given peptide-MHC complex. For example, a Kb/FAPGNYPAL tetramer will specifically bind to Sendai virus specific cytotoxic T cell in a C57BL/6 mouse. Antigen specific responses can be measured as CD8+, tetramer+ T cells as a fraction of all CD8+ lymphocytes.
The reason for using a tetramer, as opposed to a single labeled MHC class I molecule is that the tetrahedral tetramers can bind to three TCRs at once, allowing specific binding in spite of the low (10-6 molar) affinity of the typical class I-peptide-TCR interaction. MHC class II tetramers can also be made although these are more difficult to work with practically.[citation needed]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Hellgren M, Kaiser C, de Haij S, Norberg A, Höög JO (2007). "A hydrogen-bonding network in mammalian sorbitol dehydrogenase stabilizes the tetrameric state and is essential for the catalytic power". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (CMLS). 64 (23): 3129–3138. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7318-1. PMID 17952367.
External links[edit]
T-cell Group - Cardiff University
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetrameric_protein&oldid=846248487"
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