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National World War II Memorial
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For other uses, see World War II Memorial.
World War II Memorial
Location
Washington, D.C.
Coordinates
38°53′21.84″N 77°2′25.86″W / 38.8894000°N 77.0405167°W / 38.8894000; -77.0405167Coordinates: 38°53′21.84″N 77°2′25.86″W / 38.8894000°N 77.0405167°W / 38.8894000; -77.0405167
Established
May 29, 2004
Visitors
4,410,000 (in 2005)
Governing body
National Park Service
Website
World War II Memorial
The World War II Memorial is a memorial of national significance[1][2] dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II. Consisting of 56 pillars and a pair of small triumphal arches surrounding a square and fountain, it sits on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., on the former site of the Rainbow Pool at the eastern end of the Reflecting Pool, between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.
Opened on April 29, 2004, it was dedicated by President George W. Bush on May 29, 2004.[3] The memorial is administered by the National Park Service under its National Mall and Memorial Parks group.[4] As of 2009, more than 4.4 million people visit the memorial each year.[not verified in body]
Contents
[hide]
1 Design
1.1 Freedom Wall
2 History
2.1 Fundraising
2.2 Picking the site
2.3 Designing the memorial
3 Construction
4 Controversy
4.1 Criticism of the location
4.2 Criticism of the design and style
4.3 FDR's D-Day prayer
5 Gallery
5.1 With the Washington Monument in background
5.2 Of the Central Fountain
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Design[edit]
Aerial view of the World War II Memorial
The memorial consists of 56 granite pillars, each 17 feet (5.2 m) tall, arranged in a semicircle around a plaza with two 43-foot (13 m) triumphal arches on opposite sides. Two-thirds of the 7.4-acre (30,000 m2) site is landscaping and water. Each pillar is inscribed with the name of one of the 48 U.S. states of 1945, as well as the District of Columbia, the Alaska Territory and Territory of Hawaii, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The northern arch is inscribed with "Atlantic"; the southern one, "Pacific." The plaza is 337 ft 10 in (102.97 m) long and 240 feet 2 inches (73.20 m) wide, is sunk 6 feet (1.8 m) below grade, and contains a pool that is 246 feet 9 inches by 147 feet 8 inches (75.2 × 45.0 m).[5]
The memorial includes two[6] inconspicuously located "Kilroy was here" engravings. Their inclusion in the memorial acknowledges the significance of the symbol to American soldiers during World War II and how it represented their presence and protection wherever it was inscribed.[7]
On approaching the semicircle from the east, a visitor walks along one of two walls (right side wall and left side wall) picturing scenes of the war experience in bas relief. As one approaches on the left (toward the Pacific arch), the scenes begin with soon-to-be servicemen getting physical exams, taking the oath, and being issued military gear. The reliefs progress through several iconic scenes, including combat and burying the dead, ending in a homecoming scene. On the right-side wall (toward the Atlantic arch) there is a similar progression, but with scenes generally more typical of the European theatre. Some scenes take place in England, depicting the preparations for air and sea assaults. The last scene is of a handshake between the American and Russian armies when the western and eastern fronts met in Germany.
Freedom Wall[edit]
The Freedom Wall is on the west side of the memorial, with a view of the Reflecting Pool and Lincoln Memorial behind it. The wall has 4,048 gold stars, each representing 100 Americans who died in the war. In front of the wall lies the message "Here we mark the price of freedom".[8]
History[edit]
View of The World War II Memorial (bottom) and the Lincoln Memorial (top) from the Washington Monument
In 1987, World War II veteran Roger Durbin approached Representative Marcy Kaptur, a Democrat from Ohio, to ask if a World War II memorial could be constructed. Kaptur introduced the World War II Memorial Act to the House of Representatives as HR 3742 on December 10. The resolution authorized the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) to establish a World War II memorial in "Washington, D.C., or its environs", but the bill was not voted on before the end of the session, so it was not passed. Two more times, in 1989 and 1991, Rep. Kaptur introduced similar legislation, but these bills suffered the same fate as the first, and did not become law.
Kaptur reintroduced legislation in the House a fourth time as HR 682 on January 27, 1993, one day after Senator Strom Thurmond (a Republican from South Carolina) introduced companion Senate legislation. On March 17, 1993, the Senate approved the act, and the House approved an amended version of the bill on May 4. On May 12, the Senate also approved the amended bill, and the World War II Memorial Act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 25 of that year, becoming Public Law 103-32.
Fundraising[edit]
On September 30, 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed a 12-member Memorial Advisory Board (MAB) to advise the ABMC in picking the site, designing the memorial, and raising money to build it. A direct mail fundraising effort brought in millions of dollars from individual Americans. Additional large donations were made by veterans' groups, including the American Legion, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Veterans of the Battle of the Bulge and others. The majority of the corporate fundraising effort was led by two co-chairs: Senator Bob Dole, a decorated World War II veteran and 1996 Republican nominee for president; and Frederick W. Smith, the president and chief executive officer of FedEx Corporation and a former U.S. Marine Corps officer. The U.S. federal government provided about $16 million. A total of $197 million was raised.
Picking the site[edit]
On January 20, 1995, Colonel Kevin C. Kelley, project manager for the ABMC, organized the first meeting of the ABMC and the MAB, at which the project was discussed and initial plans made. The meeting was chaired by Commissioner F. Haydn Williams, chairman of ABMC's World War II Memorial Site and Design Committee, who would go on to guide the project through the site selection and approval process and the selection and approval of the Memorial's design. Representatives from the United States Commission of Fine Arts, the National Capital Planning Commission, the National Capital Memorial Commission, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the National Park Service attended the meeting. Selection of an appropriate site was taken on as the first action.
Over the next months, several sites were considered. Three quickly gained favor:[9][10]
U.S. Capitol Reflection Pool area – between 3rd Street and the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial
Constitution Gardens – east end, between Constitution Avenue and the Rainbow Pool
Freedom Plaza – on Pennsylvania Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets
Other sites considered but quickly rejected were:
Tidal Basin – northeast side, east of the Tidal Basin parking lot and west of the 14th Street Bridge access road
West Potomac Park – between Ohio Drive and the north shore of the Potomac River, northwest of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
Grounds of the Washington Monument – at Constitution Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets, west of the National Museum of American History
Henderson Hall, adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery – dropped from consideration because of its unavailability
The selection of the Rainbow Pool site was announced on October 5, 1995. The design would incorporate the Rainbow Pool fountain, located across 17th Street from the Washington Monument and near the Constitution Gardens site.[11]
The location is itself a significant symbol. The memorial will be given a more prominent spot than any monument on the National Mall since the Lincoln Memorial opened in 1922. The location, between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial, represents the first addition in more than 70 years to the grand corridor of open space that stretches from the Capitol 2.1 miles west to the Potomac River.[12]
Designing the memorial[edit]
A nationwide design competition drew 400 submissions from architects from around the country. Friedrich St. Florian's initial design was selected in 1997. Over the next four years, St. Florian's design was altered during the review and approval process required of proposed memorials in Washington, D.C. Ambassador Haydn Williams guided the design development for ABMC.
St. Florian's design consists of an architectural sculpture that evokes a classical monument. The two memorial arches, Pacific and Atlantic baldacchinos each have laurel wreaths suspended in the air with 4 eagles carrying it. The chandelier sculpture symbolizes the victory of the War with the Nation's bird carrying a Grecian symbol of victory but with an American adaptation of oak laurel wreaths to symbolize strength.
Each of the 56 pillars all consists of oak laurel wreaths and wheat laurel wreath. The oak symbolizes military and industrial strength and the wheat symbolizes agricultural and breadbasket during the U.S. part in the war.
Construction[edit]
Ground was broken in September 2001. The construction was managed by the General Services Administration.
The triumphal arches were crafted by Rock of Ages Corporation. Sculptor Raymond Kaskey created the bronze eagles and wreaths that were installed under the arches, as well as 24 bronze bas-relief panels that depict wartime scenes of combat and the home front.[13] The bronzes were cast over the course of two and a half years at Laran Bronze in Chester, Pennsylvania.[14] The stainless-steel armature that holds up the eagles and wreaths was designed at Laran, in part by sculptor James Peniston,[15] and fabricated by Apex Piping of Newport, Delaware.[16]
The John Stevens Shop designed the lettering for the memorial and most of the inscriptions were hand-carved in situ.
The memorial opened to the public on April 29, 2004, and was dedicated in a May 29 ceremony attended by thousands of people. The memorial became a national park on November 1, when authority over it was transferred to the National Park Service.
In 2012, the memorial's fountain was renovated.[17]
The memorial under construction in August 2002
Controversy[edit]
Criticism of the location[edit]
Critics such as the National Coalition to Save Our Mall opposed the location of the memorial. A major criticism of the location was that it would interrupt what had been an unbroken view between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. The memorial was also criticized for taking up open space that had been historically used for major demonstrations and protests.[18][19][20]
Washington Monument View
Critics were particularly bothered by the expedited approval process, which is considerably lengthy most of the time.[21] The United States Congress, worried that World War II veterans were dying before an appropriate memorial could be built, passed legislation exempting the World War II Memorial from further site and design review. Congress also dismissed pending legal challenges to the memorial.[22]
Criticism of the design and style[edit]
There were also aesthetic objections to the design. A critic from the Boston Herald described the monument as "vainglorious, demanding of attention and full of trite imagery."[23] The Philadelphia Inquirer argued that "this pompous style was also favored by Hitler and Mussolini"[24] (see Nazi architecture). The Washington Post described it as "overbearing", "bombastic", and a "hodgepodge of cliche and Soviet-style pomposity" with "the emotional impact of a slab of granite".[25]
Some supporters said that the design evoked federal architecture during the New Deal period, influenced by an austere interpretation of Art Deco/Beaux Arts styles.[citation needed] This view, and the monument, were dismissed by one prominent architecture critic as "knee-jerk historicism"[26]
FDR's D-Day prayer[edit]
On May 23, 2013, Senator Rob Portman introduced the World War II Memorial Prayer Act of 2013 (S. 1044; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the United States Secretary of the Interior to install at the World War II memorial in the District of Columbia a suitable plaque or an inscription with the words that President Franklin D. Roosevelt prayed with the United States on June 6, 1944, the morning of D-Day.[27] The bill was opposed by the American Civil Liberties Union, the American Jewish Committee, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, the Hindu American Foundation, and the Interfaith Alliance.[28] Together the organizations argued that the bill "endorses the false notion that all veterans will be honored by a war memorial that includes a prayer proponents characterize as reflecting our country's 'Judeo-Christian heritage and values.'"[28] The organizations argued that "the memorial, as it currently stands, appropriately honors those who served and encompasses the entirety of the war" and was carefully created, so no additional elements, such as FDR's prayer, need to be added.[28] But, they said, "the effect of this bill, however, is to co-opt religion for political purposes, which harms the beliefs of everyone."[28] The bill passed in the United States Senate on June 5, 2014.[29]
Gallery[edit]
The southern end of the memorial, dedicated to the Pacific theater
The northern end of the memorial, dedicated to the Atlantic theater
"The Price of Freedom"
Engraving of Kilroy on the memorial
Close up of the engraving at the memorial
The Pacific Arch
A seal on the floor of the memorial using the World War II Victory Medal design
Each of the 4,048 gold stars represents 100 Americans who died during the war
The Pacific Arch (Atlantic Arch in the background)
The Atlantic Arch
View of the World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C. from the "Atlantic" arch of the memorial.
World War II Memorial (2013)
Panoramic view at night, Washington Monument in the background
With the Washington Monument in background[edit]
The memorial, looking east in winter
Five state pillars and flag
North Carolina pillar
Pennsylvania pillar
Of the Central Fountain[edit]
Central Fountain with the Atlantic Arch in background
World War II Memorial Fountain in Washington D.C.
World War II Memorial, Fountain in the evening.
World War II Memorial
Panoramic view
See also[edit]
List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2
The National WWII Museum, in New Orleans
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/103/32.pdf
Jump up ^ https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-1/subchapter-LXI
Jump up ^ National World War II Memorial
Jump up ^ World War II Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)
Jump up ^ "Memorial Design". National WWII Memorial. Archived from the original on 2008-05-31. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
Jump up ^ http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM4F0R_Kilroy_Was_Here_World_War_II_Memorial_Washington_DC
Jump up ^ "Kilroy Is Here—Can You Find Him?". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Knight, Christopher (2004-05-23). "A memorial to forget". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2005-12-26. — Many sources give the number of stars as 4,000. The wall contains 23 panels of 11 columns and 16 rows of stars. The number of stars can also be counted in Image:Wwii memorial stars march 2006.jpg. See also discussion at Talk:National World War II Memorial#Number the Stars.
Jump up ^ Forgey, Benjamin (1995-07-01). "Site-seeking at the Mall: Placing World War II memorial in the grand scheme of things". The Washington Post. p. C1.
Jump up ^ Forgey, Benjamin (1995-07-28). "No Accord on WWII Memorial; Two Agencies Send Mixed Signals About Location". The Washington Post. p. B3.
Jump up ^ Forgey, Benjamin (1995-10-06). "WWII Memorial Gets Choice Mall Site; 2nd Panel Approves Location, Clearing Way for Design Phase". The Washington Post. p. B1.
Jump up ^ http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-09/news/mn-1182_1_world-war-ii-monument
Jump up ^ WWII Memorial: The “High Point” of Raymond Kaskey’s Career - Carnegie Mellon Today Archived 2008-04-07 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "WWII MEMORIAL". Retrieved 2009-09-09. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "James Peniston Sculpture: Bio". Retrieved 2008-09-09.
Jump up ^ "Building the Memorial". Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "World War II Memorial Site Renovations". Long Fence. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Linda Wheeler and Spencer S. Hsu (17 May 2001). "Bush Backs War Memorial". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Marc (4 May 2004). "A Memorial That Doesn't Measure Up". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "The World War II Memorial Defaces a National Treasure". National Coalition to Save Our Mall. January 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-05-04. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
Jump up ^ Van Oss, Alex (2001-02-25). "World War II Memorial" (RealAudio). Weekend Edition Sunday. National Public Radio. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
Jump up ^ Killian, Michael (2001-05-22). "Senate OKs WWII Memorial". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
Jump up ^ Keane, Thomas M., Jr. (June 25, 2004). "WWII Memorial fails both past, present". Boston Herald. p. 27.
Jump up ^ Saffron, Inga (May 28, 2004). "Monument to Democracy, The National World War II Memorial deserves its prominent location in Washington, as a tribute to heroes and a great cause". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. E01.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Marc (May 4, 2004). "A Memorial That Doesn't Measure Up". The Washington Post. p. B01.
Jump up ^ Ouroussoff, Nicolai, “Get Me Rewrite: A New Monument to Press Freedom”, The New York Times, April 11, 2008.
Jump up ^ "S. 1044 - Summary". United States Congress. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Letter to Chairman Udall and Ranking Member Portman" (PDF). American Civil Liberties Union. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "S. 1044 - All Actions". United States Congress. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to World War II Memorial.
NPS - National World War II Memorial
Trust for the National Mall: World War II Memorial
White House dedication
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The Fugitive (1993 film)
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The Fugitive
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Andrew Davis
Produced by
Anne Kopelson
Arnold Kopelson
Screenplay by
David Twohy
Jeb Stuart
Story by
David Twohy
Based on
The Fugitive
by Roy Huggins
Starring
Harrison Ford
Tommy Lee Jones
Sela Ward
Joe Pantoliano
Andreas Katsulas
Jeroen Krabbé
Music by
James Newton Howard
Cinematography
Michael Chapman
Edited by
Dennis Virkler
David Finfer
Dean Goodhill
Don Brochu
Richard Nord
Dov Hoenig
Production
company
Kopelson Entertainment
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
August 6, 1993 (1993-08-06)
Running time
130 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$44 million[1]
Box office
$368.9 million[2]
The Fugitive is a 1993 American action-thriller film based on the 1960s television series of the same name created by Roy Huggins. It was directed by Andrew Davis and stars Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones. After being wrongfully convicted for the murder of his wife, Dr. Richard Kimble (Ford) escapes from custody and sets out to prove his innocence while pursued by a team of U.S. Marshals led by Deputy Samuel Gerard (Jones).
The Fugitive premiered in the United States on August 6, 1993, and was a major critical and commercial success. It was the third-highest-grossing film of 1993 domestically, with an estimated 44 million tickets sold in the US. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture; Jones won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. It was followed by a 1998 spin-off, U.S. Marshals, in which Jones reprised his role as Gerard.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
3.3 Music
4 Release
4.1 Home media
4.2 Novelization
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Box office
5.3 Accolades
6 Spin-off
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Dr. Richard Kimble, a prominent Chicago vascular surgeon, arrives home to find his wife Helen fatally wounded by a one-armed man. Kimble struggles with the killer but he escapes. The lack of evidence of a break-in, Helen's lucrative life insurance policy, and a misunderstood 9-1-1 call result in Kimble's conviction of first-degree murder. Being transported to death row by bus, his fellow prisoners attempt an escape. The pandemonium sends the bus down a ravine and into the path of an oncoming train. Kimble escapes the collision and flees. Deputy U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard and his colleagues Renfro, Biggs, Newman and Poole arrive at the crash site and begin the search for Kimble. Kimble sneaks into a hospital to treat his wounds and alter his appearance. He eludes the authorities, but Gerard corners him at the edge of a storm drain over a dam. Kimble leaps into the raging water and escapes.
Chicago, Illinois, where the story takes place.
Kimble returns to Chicago to hunt for the murderer and acquires money from his friend and colleague Dr. Charles Nichols. Posing as a janitor, Kimble enters the local county hospital's prosthetic department to obtain a list of people who had their prosthetic arm repaired shortly after his wife's murder. Following a police lead confirming Kimble's recent whereabouts, Gerard speculates that Kimble is searching for the one-armed man. Kimble breaks into the residence of one of the people on the list, a former police officer named Fredrick Sykes. Kimble discovers that Sykes is the murderer and is employed by a pharmaceutical company, Devlin MacGregor, which is scheduled to release a new drug called Provasic. Kimble investigated the drug in the past and revealed that it caused liver damage, which would have prevented it from being approved by the FDA. He also deduces that Nichols, who is leading the drug's development, arranged a cover-up and ordered Sykes to kill him – his wife's death was incidental. Gerard follows Kimble's lead to Sykes' home and draws the same conclusion.
As Kimble takes an elevated train to confront Nichols at the drug's presentation in a hotel, Sykes appears and attacks him. In the struggle, Sykes shoots a transit cop before being subdued and handcuffed to a pole by Kimble. Kimble arrives at the pharmacon conference and interrupts Nichols's speech, accusing him of falsifying his medical research and orchestrating his wife's murder. They fight while being chased through the hotel by the marshals and police. Gerard calls out to Kimble that he knows about Nichols' conspiracy. Nichols knocks out Renfro and takes his gun and attempts to shoot Gerard, but Kimble attacks him from behind, knocking him unconscious. Kimble surrenders to Gerard, who escorts him out of the hotel. Nichols and Sykes are arrested. Kimble is exonerated and driven from the crime scene by Gerard.
Cast[edit]
Actor Andreas Katsulas, who portrayed the character of Fredrick Sykes, also referred to as the one-armed man.
Harrison Ford as Dr. Richard Kimble
Tommy Lee Jones as Deputy U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard
Sela Ward as Helen Kimble
Joe Pantoliano as Deputy U.S. Marshal Cosmo Renfro
Andreas Katsulas as Fredrick Sykes
Jeroen Krabbé as Dr. Charles Nichols
Daniel Roebuck as Deputy U.S. Marshal Robert Biggs
Tom Wood as Deputy U.S. Marshal Noah Newman
L. Scott Caldwell as Deputy U.S. Marshal Erin Poole
Julianne Moore as Dr. Anne Eastman
Ron Dean as Detective Kelly
Joseph Kosala as Detective Rosetti
Jane Lynch as Dr. Kathy Wahlund
Production[edit]
Casting[edit]
Harrison Ford was not originally cast for the role of Dr. Kimble. Instead, a number of actors were auditioned for the part, including Alec Baldwin, Nick Nolte, Kevin Costner, and Michael Douglas. Nolte in particular felt he was too old for the role despite only being a year older than Ford. Although the role of Gerard went to Tommy Lee Jones, Gene Hackman and Jon Voight were both considered for the role. The character of Dr. Nichols was recast for Jeroen Krabbé after the original actor who landed the role, Richard Jordan, fell ill with a brain tumour. Jordan subsequently died three weeks after the film's release.[3]
Filming[edit]
Filming locations for the motion picture included Cherokee, North Carolina; Tennessee; Chicago; and Dillsboro, North Carolina.[4] Although almost half of the film is set in rural Illinois, a large portion of the principal filming was actually shot in Jackson County, North Carolina in the Great Smoky Mountains. The scene involving Kimble's prison transport bus and a freight train wreck was filmed along the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad just outside Dillsboro, North Carolina. Riders on the excursion railroad can still see the wreckage on the way out of the Dillsboro depot.[5] The train crash cost $1 million to film. The train used during the filming was real, and was done in a single take.[3] Scenes in the hospital after Kimble initially escapes were filmed at Harris Regional Hospital in Sylva, North Carolina. Cheoah Dam in Deals Gap was the location of the scene in which Kimble jumps from the dam.
The rest of the film was shot in Chicago, Illinois, including some of the dam scenes, which were filmed in the remains of the Chicago freight tunnels. The character Sykes lived in the historic Pullman neighborhood of Chicago. Harrison Ford used the pay phone in the Pullman Pub, at which point he climbs a ladder and runs down the roofline of the historic rowhouses.[6] During the St. Patrick's Day Parade chase scene, Mayor Richard M. Daley and Illinois Attorney General Roland Burris are briefly shown as participants.[7]
Music[edit]
The film's musical score was composed by James Newton Howard; Janet Maslin of The New York Times called the music "hugely effective".[8] Elektra Records released an album featuring selections from the score on August 31, 1993. La-La Land Records later released a 2-disc, expanded and remastered edition of the score, featuring over an hour of previously unreleased music, tracks from the original soundtrack, and alternate cues.[9]
The Fugitive: Limited Edition Expanded Archival Collection Disc 1
Film score by James Newton Howard
Length
64:52
Label
La-La Land Records
The Fugitive: Limited Edition Expanded Archival Collection Disc 1
No.
Title
Length
1. "Main Title" 3:50
2. "The Trial" 4:31
3. "The Bus" 4:56
4. "The Hand/The Hunt/The Tow truck" 4:04
5. "The Hospital" 4:06
6. "Helicopter Chase" 4:49
7. "The Sewer" 4:24
8. "Kimble in the River" 1:52
9. "The Dream/Kimble Dyes his Hair" 2:45
10. "Copeland Bust" 1:59
11. "Kimble Calls his Lawyer/No Press" 1:57
12. "Kimble Returns to Hospital" 3:06
13. "The Montage/Cops Bust the Boys/Computer Search" 6:50
14. "Kimble Saves the Boy" 2:54
15. "Gerard Computes" 1:49
16. "The Courthouse/Stairway Chase" 6:13
17. "Cheap Hotel/Sykes' Apartment" 4:37
Total length: 64:52
The Fugitive: Limited Edition Expanded Archival Collection Disc 2
Film score by James Newton Howard
Length
61:29
Label
La-La Land Records
[show]The Fugitive: Limited Edition Expanded Archival Collection Disc 2
No.
Title
Length
1. "Kimble Calls Gerard" 2:37
2. "Memorial Hospital/It's Not Over Yet" 3:03
3. "See a Friend/Sykes Marks Kimble" 2:12
4. "This is My Stop/El Train Fight" 4:02
5. "The Hotel" 2:42
6. "Roof Fight Pt. 1/Roof Fight Pt. 2/Nichols Reappears" 3:52
7. "The Elevator/The Laundry Room" 4:58
8. "It's Over/End Credits" 5:40
9. "The Fugitive Theme" 3:04
10. "Kimble Dyes His Hair" 4:23
11. "No Press" 4:57
12. "No Press (Alternate)" 0:45
13. "No Press (No Sax)" 1:31
14. "Cops Bust The Boys (Alternate)" 1:09
15. "Computer Search (No Sax)" 2:49
16. "Roof Fight Pt. 1 (Less Percussion)" 1:57
17. "Roof Fight Pt. 2 (Less Orch Verb)" 1:17
18. "Helicopter Chase/The Sewer (Synth Demos)" 7:44
19. "Piano End credits" 2:47
Total length: 61:29
Release[edit]
Home media[edit]
Following its release in theaters, the Region 1 widescreen Pan and scan edition of the film was released on DVD in the United States on March 26, 1997.[10] A Special Edition widescreen format of the film was released on June 5, 2001 along with an HD version on May 23, 2006.[11] Concurrently, on September 8, 2009, a widescreen repackaged variant was also released.[12] Special features for the DVD included behind-the-scenes documentaries, audio commentary by Tommy Lee Jones and director Andrew Davis, an introduction with the film's stars and creators, and the theatrical trailer.
A restored widescreen hi-definition Blu-ray version was released on September 26, 2006. Special features include commentary by Tommy Lee Jones and director Andrew Davis, two documentaries, and the theatrical trailer.[13] On September 3, 2013, a 20th Anniversary Blu-ray edition for the film was released with a new digital transfer along with DTS-HD Master Audio tracking among other features.[14]
Novelization[edit]
Jeanne Kalogridis wrote a mass-market paperback novelization of the film.[15] She worked from the original screenplay, which characterizes a doctor unjustly accused of a crime, while being pursued relentlessly by federal authorities.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The Fugitive received universal acclaim.[16] Rotten Tomatoes rated a "Certified Fresh" 96% based on 70 critics averaging 7.9/10, stating: "Exhilarating and intense, this high-impact chase thriller is a model of taut and efficient formula filmmaking, and it features Harrison Ford at his frantic best."[17] Metacritic averaging a score of 88 based on 11 reviews.[16]
Like the cult television series that inspired it, the film has a Kafkaesque view of the world. But it is larger and more encompassing than the series: Davis paints with bold visual strokes so that the movie rises above its action-film origins and becomes operatic.
“
”
—Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times[18]
Desson Howe, writing in The Washington Post, called the film "A juggernaut of exaggeration, momentum and thrills — without a single lapse of subtlety — "Fugitive" is pure energy, a perfect orchestration of heroism, villainy, suspense and comic relief. Ford makes the perfect rider for a project like this, with his hangdog-handsome everyman presence. He's one of us — but one of us at his personal best. It's great fun to ride along with him."[19] Left impressed, Rita Kempley also writing in The Washington Post, surmised how the filmed contained "Beautifully matched adversaries" figuring, "One represents the law, the other justice — and it's the increasingly intimate relationship between them that provides the tension. Otherwise, 'The Fugitive' would be little more than one long chase scene, albeit a scorchingly paced and innovative one."[20] In a mixed to positive review, Marc Savlov of The Austin Chronicle wrote that "Director Davis valiantly tries to keep the breakneck, harried pace of an actual flight going throughout, and only occasionally drops the ball (the film's convoluted conspiracy ending is the first example to beat me about the face and neck just now — others will crop up after deadline, I'm sure)." Of the lead actor's performance he said, "Ford may be the closest thing we have these days to a Gary Cooper, but really, where's David Janssen when we really need him?"[21] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said that the film was about "two chases, two suspense plots running on parallel — and finally convergent — tracks. Kimble and Gerard spend the entire film on opposite sides of the law. Before long, though, we realize we're rooting for both of them; they're both protagonists, united in brains, dedication, superior gamesmanship. The film's breathless momentum springs from their jaunty competitive urgency."[22]
The film however was not without its detractors. A columnist writing under the pseudonym GA for Time Out viewed the film as "A glossy, formula chase movie with the requisite number of extravagant action sequences". The critic added, "Ford is up to par for the strenuous stuff, but falls short on the grief, anxiety and compassion, allowing Tommy Lee Jones to walk away with the show as the wisecracking marshal on Kimble's trail."[23] In a formulaic fashion, columnist Ethan Ham writing for the Bright Lights Film Journal speculated that supporting actor Tommy Lee Jones' character was "much more disturbing than the inept police." Later explaining, "In Kimble's first encounter with Gerard, Kimble says, 'I didn't kill her!' Gerard responds, 'I don't care.'"[24] In the Chicago Sun-Times, noted film critic Roger Ebert voiced his enthusiasm with the picture observing, "The device of the film is to keep Kimble only a few steps ahead of his pursuers. It is a dangerous strategy, and could lead to laughable close calls and near-misses, but Davis tells the story of the pursuit so clearly on the tactical level that we can always understand why Kimble is only so far ahead, and no further. As always, Davis uses locations not simply as the place where action occurs, but as part of the reason for the action."[18] Rating the film with three stars, James Berardinelli of ReelViews professed, "Following the opening scenes, we're treated to over a half-hour of nonstop action as Gerard and his men track down Kimble. Directed and photographed with a flair, this part of the movie keeps viewers on the edges of their seats. Most importantly, when on the run, Kimble acts like an intelligent human being. Equally as refreshing, the lawmen are his match, not a bunch of uniformed dunces being run around in circles."[25]
Harrison Ford, bearded and numb with grief, breathes new life into the role last played by the stoic David Janssen some 26 years ago. Janssen played Kimble as the Lone Ranger with a stethoscope, moving from town to town, but Ford takes a darker, more gothic approach.
“
”
—Rita Kempley, writing in The Washington Post[20]
For the most part, satisfied with the quality of the motion picture, Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader said that "The mystery itself is fairly routine, but Jones's offbeat and streamlined performance as a proudly diffident investigator helps one overlook the mechanical crosscutting and various implausibilities, and director Andrew Davis does a better-than-average job with the action sequences."[26] Leonard Klady writing in Variety exclaimed, "This is one film that doesn't stint on thrills and knows how to use them. It has a sympathetic lead, a stunning antagonist, state-of-the-art special effects, top-of-the-line craftsmanship and a taut screenplay that breathes life into familiar territory."[27] Film critic Chris Hicks of the Deseret News accounted for the fact that the film "has holes in its plotting that are easy to pick apart and characters that are pretty thin, bolstered by the performances of seasoned vets who know how to lend heft to their roles." But in summary he stated, "the film is so stylish, so funny and so heart-stopping in its suspense that the audience simply doesn't care about flaws."[28]
Box office[edit]
The Fugitive opened strongly at the U.S. box office, grossing $23,758,855 in its first weekend and holding the top spot for six weeks.[29][30] It eventually went on to gross an estimated $183,875,760 in the U.S., and $185,000,000 in foreign revenue for a worldwide total of $368,875,760.[31][32]
Accolades[edit]
The film was nominated and won several awards in 1993–94.[33] Various film critics included the film on their lists of the top 10 best films for that year; including Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times who named it the fourth best film of 1993.[34] The film is also listed by the American Film Institute as one of the 100 most thrilling American Films.[35]
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1994 66th Academy Awards[36] Best Picture Arnold Kopelson Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones Won
Best Cinematography Michael Chapman Nominated
Best Film Editing Dennis Virkler, David Finfer, Dean Goodhill, Don Brochu, Richard Nord, Dov Hoenig Nominated
Best Original Score James Newton Howard Nominated
Best Sound Donald O. Mitchell, Michael Herbick, Frank A. Montaño, Scott D. Smith Nominated
Best Sound Editing John Leveque, Bruce Stambler Nominated
1994 Annual ACE Eddie Awards[37] Best Edited Feature Film (Dramatic) Dennis Virkler, Don Brochu, Dean Goodhill, Richard Nord, David Finfer Nominated
1993 8th Annual ASC Awards[38] Theatrical Release Michael Chapman Nominated
1994 ASCAP Film & Television Music Awards[39] Top Box Office Films James Newton Howard Won
1994 Japan Academy Prize[40] Best Foreign Film ———— Nominated
1993 47th British Academy Film Awards[41] Sound John Leveque, Bruce Stambler, Becky Sullivan, Scott D. Smith, Donald O. Mitchell, Michael Herbick, Frank A. Montaño Won
Actor in a Supporting Role Tommy Lee Jones Nominated
Editing Dennis Virkler, David Finfer, Dean Goodhill, Don Brochu, Richard Nord, Dov Hoenig Nominated
Achievement in Special Effects William Mesa, Roy Arbogast Nominated
1993 6th Annual Chicago Film Critics Awards[42] Best Picture ———— Nominated
Best Director Andrew Davis Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones Nominated
1993 Cinema Audio Society Awards[43] Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Feature Film Donald O. Mitchell, Michael Herbick, Frank A. Montaño, Scott D. Smith Won
Directors Guild of America Awards 1993[44] Outstanding Directorial Achievement Andrew Davis Nominated
1994 Edgar Awards[45] Best Motion Picture Jeb Stuart, David Twohy Nominated
1994 51st Golden Globe Awards[46] Best Director - Motion Picture Andrew Davis Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama Harrison Ford Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor In A Supporting Role in a Motion Picture Tommy Lee Jones Won
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards 1993[47] Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones Won
19th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards 1993[48] Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones Won
1994 MTV Movie Awards[49] Best Movie ———— Nominated
Best Male Performance Harrison Ford Nominated
Best On-Screen Duo Harrison Ford, Tommy Lee Jones Won
Best Action Sequence Train Wreck Won
National Society of Film Critics Awards 1993[50] Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones Nominated
Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards 1993[51] Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones Won
1994 Writers Guild of America Award[52] Best Adapted Screenplay Jeb Stuart, David Twohy Nominated
American Film Institute Lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies - Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills - #33
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
Richard Kimball - Nominated Hero
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores - Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) - Nominated
Spin-off[edit]
Jones returned as Gerard in a 1998 spin-off, U.S. Marshals. It also incorporates Gerard's team hunting an escaped fugitive, but does not involve Harrison Ford as Kimble or the events of the initial 1993 feature.[53]
Also in 1998, a parody film Wrongfully Accused, based on The Fugitive, was developed with Leslie Nielsen portraying the principal character. Although the film spoofs many other motion pictures such as Mission Impossible and Titanic, the storyline revolves around Nielsen's character being framed for a murder, as he escapes from federal custody to seek out the real suspect behind the crime.[54]
See also[edit]
United States portal
Film portal
1990s portal
1993 in film
References[edit]
Footnotes
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive". The Numbers. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive (1993)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "'The Fugitive': 25 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About the Harrison Ford Movie". MovieFone. 2013-08-07. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive Production Details". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "Great Smoky Mountain Railroad Frequently Asked Questions (2008 archive copy)". Web.archive.org. 2008-01-17. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
Jump up ^ The Fugitive (dvd). Chicago, Illinois: Warner Bros. 1993. Event occurs at 1:26:15.
Jump up ^ The Fugitive (dvd). Chicago, Illinois: Warner Bros. 1993. Event occurs at 1:22:35.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (August 6, 1993). "The Fugitive (1993): Review/Film; Back on the Trail Of a One-Armed Man". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive (2-CD Set): Limited Edition". La-La Land Records. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive (1993) - DVD Widescreen". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive All Available Formats & Editions". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive (Wide Screen/Repackaged)". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive Blu-Ray". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive: 20th Anniversary Edition (Blu-ray)". DVD Talk. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
Jump up ^ Dillard, J.M. (1993). The Fugitive. Island Books. ISBN 978-0-440-21743-5.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Fugitive". Retrieved 23 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive (1993)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebert, Roger (6 August 1993). The Fugitive. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Howe, Desson (6 August 1993). 'The Fugitive' (PG-13). The Washington Post. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Kempley, Rita (6 August 1993). 'The Fugitive' (PG-13). The Washington Post. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Savlov, Marc (6 August 1993). The Fugitive. The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (1993). The Fugitive (1994). Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ GA (1993). The Fugitive (1993). Time Out. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Ham, Ethan (1993). Marginalism in The Fugitive. Bright Lights Film Journal. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Berardinelli, James (1993). Fugitive, The. ReelViews. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (August 1993). The Fugitive. Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Klady, Leonard (8 August 1993). The Fugitive. Variety. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Hicks, Chris (5 July 2002). Film review: Fugitive, The. Deseret News. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office : 'Fugitive' Makes Off With $23.8 Million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office September 17–19, 1993". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive". The-Numbers.com. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
Jump up ^ "Labor Day Weekend Box Office: 'The Fugitive' Just Keeps on Running". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
Jump up ^ "The Fugitive (1993): Awards & Nominations". MSN Movies. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "The Best 10 Movies of 1993". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 THRILLS". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Nominees & Recipients". American Cinema Editors. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "The ASC Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography". American Society of Cinematographers. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "ASCAP Film & Television Music Awards". The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Academy Prizes". Japan Academy Prize Association. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Awards Database". Bafta.org. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Chicago Film Critics Awards - 1988-97". Chicago Film Critics Association. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Awards". Cinema Audio Society. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "1993 Winners and Nominees". Directors Guild of America. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Edgar Database". TheEdgars.com. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "The 51st Annual Golden Globe Awards (1994)". Golden Globes. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "KCFCC Award Winners 1990-1999". Kansas City Film Critics Circle. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Previous Years Winners 1993". Los Angeles Film Critics Association. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "1994 MTV Movie Awards". MTV. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Past Awards". National Society of Film Critics. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Awards 1993". Southeastern Film Critics Association. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Awards Winners". Writer Guild Awards. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Marshals (1998)". Hollywood.com. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Wrongfully Accused (1998)". AllMovie. Retrieved 2014-04-18.
Further reading
Deane, Bill (2006). Following the Fugitive: An Episode Guide And Handbook to the 1960's Television Series. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-786-42631-7.
Abaygo, Kenn (1997). Advanced Fugitive: Running, Hiding, Surviving And Thriving Forever. Paladin Press. ISBN 978-0-873-64933-9.
Janssen, Ellie (1997). My Fugitive. Lifetime Books Inc. ISBN 978-0-811-90857-3.
Bernstein, Arnie (1998). Hollywood on Lake Michigan: 100 Years of Chicago & the Movies. Lake Claremont Press. ISBN 978-0-964-24262-3.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Fugitive (film)
Official website
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The Fugitive at Metacritic
The Fugitive at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Andrew Davis
Stony Island (1978)
The Final Terror (1983)
Code of Silence (1985)
Above the Law (1988)
The Package (1989)
Under Siege (1992)
The Fugitive (1993)
Steal Big Steal Little (1995)
Chain Reaction (1996)
A Perfect Murder (1998)
Collateral Damage (2002)
Holes (2003)
The Guardian (2006)
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values: الهارب (فيلم) – Arabic

values: Беглецът – Bulgarian

values: El fugitiu (pel·lícula de 1993) – Catalan

values: Ο Φυγάς (ταινία) – Greek

values: El fugitivo (película de 1993) – Spanish

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values: הנמלט – Hebrew

values: द फ्युजिटीव्ह – Marathi

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