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Red River of the South
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Red River
Red River looking east, north of Bonham, Texas: Texas is to the right, Oklahoma is on the left, and the border between the two states runs along the south (right) bank of the river.
Map of the Red River watershed
Native name
Bah'hatteno[1]
Other name(s)
Rivière Rouge (former French name)
Country
United States
States
Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana
Physical characteristics
Main source
Harmon County, Oklahoma
1,535 ft (468 m)
34°34′35″N 99°57′54″W / 34.57639°N 99.96500°W / 34.57639; -99.96500
River mouth
Atchafalaya/Mississippi River
30 ft (9.1 m)
31°01′10″N 91°44′52″W / 31.01944°N 91.74778°W / 31.01944; -91.74778Coordinates: 31°01′10″N 91°44′52″W / 31.01944°N 91.74778°W / 31.01944; -91.74778
Length
1,360 mi (2,190 km)
Discharge
Location:
mouth; max and min at Alexandria, LA
Minimum rate:
1,472 cu ft/s (41.7 m3/s)
Average rate:
57,000 cu ft/s (1,600 m3/s)
Maximum rate:
233,000 cu ft/s (6,600 m3/s)
Basin features
Basin size
65,595 sq mi (169,890 km2)
The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major river in the southern United States of America.[2] The river was named for the red-bed country of its watershed. It is one of several rivers with that name. Although it was once a tributary of the Mississippi River, the Red River is now a tributary of the Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi that flows separately into the Gulf of Mexico. It is connected to the Mississippi River by the Old River Control Structure.
The south bank of the Red River formed part of the US-Mexico border from the Adams-Onís Treaty (in force 1821) until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
The Red River is the second-largest river basin in the southern Great Plains.[3] It rises in two branches (forks) in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas and flowing into Louisiana, where it flows into the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is 1,360 miles (2,190 km), with a mean flow of over 57,000 cubic feet per second (1,600 m3/s) at the mouth.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
1.1 Course
1.2 Tributaries
2 Watershed
3 History
3.1 Native Americans
3.2 European-American exploration and settlement
3.3 Great Raft
3.4 Greer County debate
3.5 2015 Louisiana flood
4 Recreation
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Geography[edit]
Course[edit]
The Red River rises near the edge of the northwestern dip slope of the Llano Estacado mesa[4] in two forks in northern Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. The North Fork Red River meets the southern and largest fork near the Texas-Oklahoma border. The southern fork, which is about 120 miles (190 km) long, is generally called the Prairie Dog Town Fork. It is formed in Randall County, Texas, near the county seat of Canyon, by the confluence of intermittent Palo Duro Creek and Tierra Blanca Creek. (The names mean "Hard Wood" and "White Land", respectively, in Spanish.)
State Highway No. 78 Bridge at the Red River between Oklahoma and Texas, photographed on the Oklahoma side
Crossing the Red River at the Texas-Oklahoma border from I-35
The Red River took a new channel near Natchitoches, Louisiana, and left behind Cane River Lake.
The Red River turns and flows southeast through Palo Duro Canyon in Palo Duro Canyon State Park at an elevation of 3,440 feet (1,050 m),[3] then past Newlin, Texas, to meet the Oklahoma state line. Past that point, it is generally considered the main stem of the Red River. Near Elmer, Oklahoma, the North Fork finally joins, and the river proceeds to follow a winding course east through one of the most arid parts of the Great Plains, receiving the Wichita River as it passes the city of Wichita Falls. Near Denison, the river exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma, a reservoir formed by the Denison Dam. The lake is also fed by the Washita River from the north.
Point bars, abandoned meander loops, oxbow lakes in Lafayette and Miller counties, Arkansas
After the river flows out of the southeastern end of the lake, it runs generally east towards Arkansas and receives Muddy Boggy Creek before turning southward near Texarkana.
Soon after, the river crosses south into Louisiana. The sister cities of Shreveport and Bossier City were developed on either bank of the river, as were the downriver cities of Alexandria and Pineville. Where it is joined by the Ouachita River, its largest tributary, the river later broadens into a complex network of marshlands surrounding the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Its waters eventually discharge into the Atchafalaya River[5] and flow eastward or southward into the Gulf of Mexico.
In 1946, the Red River flood spilled over into Pineville because of insufficient levee height and strength. However, the taller and stronger levee held in Alexandria. Willie E. Kees, Jr., the newly elected mayor of Pineville, worked to gain support for the Corps of Engineers to increase the height of the levee on the eastern side of the river to equal that in Alexandria.[6]
Tributaries[edit]
Tributaries include the Little Red River, Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, Salt Fork Red River, North Fork Red River, Pease River, Washita River, Kiamichi River, Little Wichita River, Little River, Sulphur River, Loggy Bayou (through Lake Bistineau and Dorcheat Bayou) as well as the Ouachita River (also known as the Black River at that point) not far (at Acme, Louisiana) from the mouth.
Watershed[edit]
The Red River's watershed covers 65,590 square miles (169,900 km2)[3] and is the southernmost major river system in the Great Plains. Its drainage basin is mostly in the states of Texas and Oklahoma, but also covers parts of Arkansas and Louisiana. Its basin is characterized by flat, fertile agricultural land, with only a few major cities. The drainage basin of the Red River is very arid and receives little precipitation. As a result, much of the river above the Texas-Oklahoma border is intermittent, and until the river is past its great bend south in Arkansas, the flow varies widely. Most of the agriculture in the basin is sustained by groundwater, which is recharged with rainfall and riverflow. The lower course of the river flows through a series of marshes and swamps, where its flow is dramatically moderated.
History[edit]
Native Americans[edit]
Native American cultures along the river were diverse, developing specialized adaptations to the many different environments.[3] By the time of European contact, the eastern Piney Woods were dominated by the numerous historic tribes of the Caddoan Confederacy. They found plentiful game and fish, and also had good land for cultivating staple crops.[3] The middle part of the Red River was dominated by Wichita and Tonkawa. This area was prairie, where Native Americans constructed portable and temporary tepees for housing. They practiced limited farming and followed game in seasonal, nomadic hunting cycles.[3] The Plains division of the Lipan Apache dominated the western Red River area until the 18th century, when they were displaced by invading Comanche from the north.[3]
European-American exploration and settlement[edit]
Crossing the Red River near Granite, Oklahoma, 1921.
In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Red River Expedition to explore parts of the new lands of the Louisiana Purchase by traveling up the Red River. He said it was "in truth, next to the Missouri, the most interesting water of the Mississippi", in a letter to William Dunbar.[7] Having threaded the maze of bayous at the river's confluence, and the "Great Raft" of lodged driftwood, the expedition, was stopped by the Spanish near what is now New Boston, Texas.
In 1806, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, under orders to ascertain the source of the Red River, ascended the Arkansas River, made his way downstream on what turned out to be the Rio Grande, and was sent home by the Spanish authorities. A more successful exploration of the river's upper reaches to both its sources was the 1852 expedition under Capt. Randolph Barnes Marcy, assisted by Brevet Capt. George B. McClellan.[8] The latter was important as a general in the American Civil War.
In April 1815, Captain Henry Miller Shreve was the first person to bring a steamboat, the Enterprise, up the Red River. Fulton and Livingston, who claimed the exclusive right to navigate Louisiana waters by steamboat, sued Shreve in the District Court of New Orleans. The judge ruled that the monopoly claimed by the plaintiffs was illegal. That decision, along with a similar outcome in Gibbons v. Ogden freed navigation on every river, lake or harbor in the United States from interference by monopolies.[9]
When John Quincy Adams became Secretary of State in 1817, one of his highest priorities was to negotiate the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase with Spain. He negotiated with the Spanish Minister to the United States, Luis de Onis, and finally concluded Adams-Onis Treaty, also known as the Treaty of 1819. The treaty defined the south bank of the river as the boundary between the United States and Spain. That boundary continued to be recognized when Mexico gained its independence from Spain, then again when Texas became independent from Mexico. It remained so [9] until the United States Congress consented to the Red River Boundary Compact adopted by the states of Oklahoma and Texas, which set the jurisdictional boundary between Texas and Oklahoma at the vegetation line on the south bank, but left title of adjacent property owners at the south bank.
In Louisiana, the area of present-day Natchitoches Parish was settled by French Creole and mixed-race Louisiana Creole people, starting before 1800. The Cane River National Heritage Area marks this area of influence, with plantations and churches founded by Louisiana Creoles. Some of the sites are designated as destinations on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail, designed in the 21st century. For nearly 100 years after the American Civil War, some of the plantations were the center of a large African American and Creole community life, whose people lived and worked in this area for generations.
The area along the lower Red River of Grant Parish, Louisiana, and neighboring parishes were a mixture of hill country and cotton plantations, with white planters and subsistence farmers, and numerous African American slaves working the plantations in the ante bellum years. It was an area of heated social tensions and insurgency during and after the Reconstruction era. Grant was a new parish created by the Reconstruction legislature, which was trying to increase Republican Party representation. In 1873, Grant Parish was the site of the Colfax massacre, caused by the political tension and violence arising from the disputed 1872 gubernatorial election and efforts by local whites to keep white supremacy. White militias, organized from nearby parishes, killed more than 100 freedmen, some of whom had surrendered as prisoners.
In 1874, such militias organized as the White League in Grant Parish, and other chapters were soon founded across the state. The Coushatta Massacre was attributed to the White League, which attacked Republican officeholders to run them out of office. The paramilitary groups intimidated and terrorized freedmen to keep them from the polls, and by the late 1870s, conservative Democrats had retaken political control of the state.
Great Raft[edit]
Main article: Great Raft
Red River, Texas
In the early 19th century, settlers found that much of the river's length in Louisiana was unnavigable because of a collection of fallen trees that formed a "Great Raft" over 160 miles (260 km) long. Captain Henry Miller Shreve began clearing the log jam in 1839. The log jam was not completely cleared until the 1870s, when dynamite became available. The river was thereafter navigable, but north of Natchitoches it was restricted to small craft. Removal of the raft further connected the Red and Atchafalaya rivers, accelerating the development of the Atchafalaya River channel.[5]
In the 20th century, the interest group known as the Red River Valley Association was formed to lobby the United States Congress to make the river fully navigable between Alexandria and Shreveport, Louisiana. Leading supporters of the longstanding project were Louisiana Democratic senators Allen J. Ellender, J. Bennett Johnston, Jr. and Russell B. Long, the Fourth District Congressman Joseph David "Joe D." Waggonner, Jr., and the late Shreveport Mayor Littleberry Calhoun Allen, Jr. With the completion of the project, a lock system constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers allowed navigation of barge traffic as far north as Shreveport.
Greer County debate[edit]
Specialists debate whether the North Fork or the Prairie Dog Town Fork is the true stem.[3] Because of a cartographic error, the land between the north and south forks was claimed by both the state of Texas and the United States federal government. Randolph B. Marcy's expedition followed the Prairie Dog Town Fork in 1852.[3] Originally called Greer County, Texas, the US Supreme Court ruled that it belonged to the United States, which at the time oversaw the Oklahoma Territory. That territory was later incorporated into the state of Oklahoma, whose southern border now follows the south fork. Today, the southern Prairie Dog Town Fork is considered the main fork, though the North Fork is as long and normally has a greater water flow.[3]
2015 Louisiana flood[edit]
In June 2015, the Red River flooded parts of northeast Texas, southwest Arkansas, and Louisiana, from New Boston, Texas to just south of Alexandria, Louisiana.[10]
Recreation[edit]
Red River LA 2 Bridge,[11] not the Jimmie Davis Bridge, atop the Red River between Bossier and Caddo parishes near Shreveport
Popular pedestrian walkway along the Red River in Alexandria, Louisiana
In 1943, Denison Dam was built on the Red River to form Lake Texoma, a large reservoir of 89,000 acres (360 km2), some 70 miles (110 km) north of Dallas. Other reservoirs on the river's tributaries serve as flood control.
See also[edit]
List of Arkansas rivers
List of longest main-stem rivers in the United States
List of Louisiana rivers
List of Oklahoma rivers
List of Texas rivers
Great Raft
North Fork Red River
Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River
Red River Bridge War
Red River Campaign, 1864, during the American Civil War, 1861 - 1865
Adams–Onís Treaty
Red River Shootout, the annual college football game between the University of Texas Longhorns and the University of Oklahoma Sooners.
Little Red River (Texas)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Caddo name. Meredith, Howard. "Caddo (Kadohadacho)." Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved 9 Sept 2012)
Jump up ^ Tyson, Carl N. The Red River in Southwestern History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1981. ISBN 0-8061-1659-5
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Benke, Arthur; Colbert Cushing (2005). River of North America. Academic Press. p. 1144. ISBN 9780120882533.
Jump up ^ John Miller Morris, El Llano Estacado: Exploration and Imagination on the High Plains, 2003.
^ Jump up to: a b Piazza, Bryan P (2014). The Atchafalaya River Basin: History and Ecology of an American Wetland. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-62349-039-3.
Jump up ^ Frederick Marcel Spletstoser (2005). Talk of the Town: The Rise of Alexandria, Louisiana, and the Daily Town Talk. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 125–126. ISBN 0-8071-2934-8. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jefferson to Dunbar, 25 May 1805, quoted in T. Lindsay Baker, ed., The Texas Red River country: the official surveys of the headwaters, 1876, 1998: "Foreword", v, and in D.L. Flores, "The Ecology of the Red River in 1806: Peter Custis and Early " The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 88,.1, (July 1984).
Jump up ^ R.B. Marcy, Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana: in the year 1852... with Reports on the Natural History of the Country, Washington, 1853.
^ Jump up to: a b Harbour, Emma Estill. "A Brief History of the Red River County since 1803. Chronicles of Oklahoma. Vol. 16. No. 1. March 1938. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/with-homes-underwater-in-louisiana-recovery-teams-head-out/ar-BBkYtRO?ocid=mailsignout
Jump up ^ "Bridgehunter.com | Red River of the South". bridgehunter.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Red River of the South.
Randolph Marcy, Exploration of the Red River, 1852, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
Red River from the Handbook of Texas Online
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Red River
Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
Red River Compact Commission.
"U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Leaves Texas High And Dry."
Geology
Red River Valley - Engineering Geology Mapping Program PDF files of publications about and maps of the geology of the Red River Valley
Autin, W. J., and C. E. Pearson, 1993, Quaternary Geology and Geoarchaeology of the Lower Red River Valley: Friends of the Pleistocene South Central Cell 11 th Annual Field Conference Alexandria, Louisiana March 26-28, 1993. Friends of the Pleistocene South Central Cell and Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 183 p.
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 247749245
GND: 4267240-5
BNF: cb12011209j (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_River_of_the_South&oldid=801901706"
Categories:
Red River of the South
Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Rivers of Arkansas
Rivers of Louisiana
Rivers of Oklahoma
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Borders of Texas
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text:
The Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2)
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The Four: Battle for Stardom
Season 2
Broadcast from
June 7 – August 2, 2018
Coaches
Sean Combs
Meghan Trainor
DJ Khaled
Host(s)
Fergie
Broadcaster
Fox
Winner
James Graham
Origin
Chelmsford, United Kingdom
Runner-up
Sharaya J
Chronology
◀
Summer 2018
The second season of The Four: Battle for Stardom premiered on Fox on June 7, 2018. Fergie hosted the show, while Sean Combs, DJ Khaled and Meghan Trainor were judges.
On August 2, 2018, the winner was announced as James Graham from Chelmsford, United Kingdom.
Contents
1 The Four
2 Challenge Episodes
2.1 Week 1 (June 7)
2.2 Week 2 (June 14)
2.3 Week 3 (June 21)
2.4 Week 4 (June 28)
2.5 Week 5 (July 12)
2.6 Week 6 (July 19)
3 Comeback Performances
3.1 Week 7 (July 26)
3.1.1 Part 1: Head-To-Head Battles
3.1.2 Part 2: Comeback Artist Challenge Performances
4 Finale
4.1 Week 8 (August 2)
4.1.1 Part 1: Head-to-Head Battles
4.1.2 Part 2: The Final Battle
5 Artists who appeared on previous shows
6 Ratings
7 References
The Four[edit]
Key:
– Challenger against "The Four" won and secured a seat as a new member.
– Member of "The Four" did not perform.
– Member of "The Four" won the challenge and secured their seat.
– Member of "The Four" lost the challenge and was eliminated.
– Challenger to "The Four" lost their challenge and was eliminated.
– An eliminated artist who was chosen to return to the competition via #TheFourComeback earned a chance to challenge "The Four"
– Artist was chosen to return to the show, but lost their opportunity to challenge one of "The Four" when another comeback artist defeated them.
– Not in the competition.
– Final member of “The Four”
* – Original member of "The Four"
Artists
Episodes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Finale
Part 1
Part 2
Part 1
Part 2
James Graham*
SAFE IN SAFE SAFE SAFE OUT SAVE WIN WIN Winner
Sharaya J*
IN SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE N/A SAFE WIN Runner-Up
Leah Jenea
WIN N/A SAFE OUT
Whitney Reign
WIN SAFE OUT SAVE WIN OUT
Ali Caldwell
WIN SAFE SAFE N/A OUT
JeRonelle McGhee
WIN N/A OUT
Dylan Jacob
OUT SAVE OUT
Carvena Jones*
OUT SAVE OUT
Jesse Kramer
WIN SAFE SAFE OUT LOSE
Ebon Lurks
OUT LOSE
Lil Bri
OUT LOSE
Stephanie Zelaya*
SAFE OUT LOSE
Noah Barlass
WIN OUT
Majeste Pearson
WIN OUT
Challenge Episodes[edit]
Key:
– Artist secured a spot and has remained in "The Four".
– Artist won their challenge, but was eventually eliminated from the competition.
– Artist was eliminated from the competition.
– Artist lost their challenge, and was originally eliminated, but received a second chance via #TheFourComeback.
Week 1 (June 7)[edit]
Before the competition began, each original member of The Four performed a solo song.
Starting lineup of The Four
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Starting seat
Carvena Jones 22 Jackson, Mississippi "Fine China" Put in seat 1
James Graham 21 Chelmsford, Essex, England "I Can't Make You Love Me" Put in seat 2
Stephanie Zelaya 26 Guatemala City, Guatemala "Chantaje" Put in seat 3
Sharaya J 34 Atlanta, Georgia "Banji Certified" Put in seat 4
Artist performances on the first episode
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Judges' verdict
Trainor
Combs
Khaled
1
Chris Vanny 24 Orlando, Florida "Maria Maria"/
"Wild Thoughts" Eliminated
2
Majeste Pearson 21 Tulsa, Oklahoma "Someone like You" Advanced
3
Christina Castle 21 Sydney, Australia "Side to Side" Eliminated
4
Quinton Ellis 17 Conway, Arkansas "U Got It Bad" Advanced
5
Rebecca Black 20 Anaheim, California "Bye Bye Bye" Advanced
Challenge performances on the first episode
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
2.1
Carvena Jones "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" Eliminated
2.2
Majeste Pearson "Chandelier" Put in Seat 1
4.1
Stephanie Zelaya "Mi Gente" Safe
4.2
Quinton Ellis "So Sick" Eliminated
5.1
James Graham "A Song for You" Safe
5.2
Rebecca Black "Torn" Eliminated
Week 2 (June 14)[edit]
Group performance: "All the Stars"
Artist performances on the second episode
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Judges' verdict
Trainor
Combs
Khaled
1
Whitney Reign 25 Chicago, Illinois "Issues" Advanced
2
De'Stani Bryant 16 Odessa, Texas "So Gone" Eliminated
3
Stelle Amor 25 Nashville, Tennessee "Mad World" Eliminated
4
James Farrow 25 Minneapolis, Minnesota "Lean Back" Advanced
5
Skylar Dayne 21 Hialeah, Florida "Wolves" Eliminated
6
Jesse Kramer 21 Nashville, Tennessee "Hallelujah" Advanced

Challenge performances on the second episode
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
1.1
Stephanie Zelaya "On The Floor" Eliminated
1.2
Whitney Reign "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" Put in seat 3
4.1
Sharaya J "Plain Jane" Safe
4.2
James Farrow "Panda" Eliminated
6.1
Majeste Pearson "Stone Cold" Eliminated
6.2
Jesse Kramer "All Along The Watchtower" Put in seat 1
Week 3 (June 21)[edit]
Group performance: "Believer"
Note: This is the first time that all four members have been challenged this season and this is the first time on The Four that all four members have defended their seats.
Artist performances on the third episode
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Judges' verdict
Trainor
Combs
Khaled
1
Ebon Lurks 22 Tulsa, Oklahoma "Photograph" Advanced
2
Elijah Connor 28 Detroit, Michigan "Love" Eliminated
3
Matt Bloyd 25 Modesto, California "How Will I Know" Advanced
4
Lil Bri 17 Houston, Texas "Hate It Or Love It" Advanced
5
Christian Gonzalez 16 Miami, Florida "Bailando" Advanced
Challenge performances on the third episode
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
1.1
Jesse Kramer "You Are So Beautiful" Safe
1.2
Ebon Lurks "Mine" Eliminated
3.1
Whitney Reign "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" Safe
3.2
Matt Bloyd "Tennessee Whiskey" Eliminated
4.1
Sharaya J "Stir Fry" Safe
4.2
Lil Bri "Crush On You" Eliminated
5.1
James Graham "Lately" Safe
5.2
Christian Gonzalez "Hold On We're Going Home" Eliminated
Week 4 (June 28)[edit]
Group performance: "The Way I Are" (with Timbaland)
Artist performances on the fourth episode
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Judges' verdict
Trainor
Combs
Khaled
1
Felix Thompson 24 Monroe, Georgia "Can We Talk" Advanced
2
Alma Lake 21 Medellín, Colombia "Ex's and Oh's" Eliminated
3
Ali Caldwell 29 Woodbridge, New Jersey "Tell Me Something Good" Advanced
4
Dion Rene 28 Banes, Cuba "Hero" Advanced
5
Brennan Villines 30 Memphis, Tennessee "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" Advanced
Challenge performances on the fourth episode
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
1.1
Jesse Kramer "Hold On, I'm Comin'" Safe
1.2
Felix Thompson "That's What I Like" Eliminated
3.1
Whitney Reign "If You Don't Know Me By Now" Eliminated
3.2
Ali Caldwell "Set Fire To The Rain" Put in seat 3
4.1
James Graham "Human Nature" Safe
4.2
Dion Rene "Flor Pálida" Eliminated
5.1
Sharaya J "Go Raya (Original Song)" Safe
5.2
Brennan Villines "Let It Go" Eliminated
Week 5 (July 12)[edit]
Group performance: "Can't Feel My Face"
Artist performances on the fourth episode
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Judges' verdict
Trainor
Combs
Khaled
1
Dylan Jacob 16 Las Vegas, Nevada "Flava In Ya Ear" Advanced
2
Jade Milan 20 Baltimore, Maryland "Grenade" Eliminated
3
Ronnie Smith Jr. 25 Miami, Florida "U Don't Have To Call" Advanced
4
Noah Barlass 26 Welch, Oklahoma "The Middle" Advanced
5
Kateri Bluford 23 Milwaukee, Wisconsin "I'm Getting Ready" Advanced
Challenge performances on the fourth episode
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
1.1
Sharaya J "She's a Bitch" Safe
1.2
Dylan Jacob "Dat Cheese" (Original Song) Eliminated
3.1
James Graham "On Bended Knee" Safe
3.2
Ronnie Smith Jr. "Let Me Love You" Eliminated
4.1
Jesse Kramer Nothing Compares 2 U Eliminated
4.2
Noah Barlass "Who You Are" Put in Seat 1
5.1
Ali Caldwell "Somebody Loves You Baby (You Know Who It Is)" Safe
5.2
Kateri Bluford "Because You Loved Me" Eliminated
Week 6 (July 19)[edit]
Group performance: "24k Magic"
Artist performances on the fourth episode
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Judges' verdict
Trainor
Combs
Khaled
1
JeRonelle McGhee 24 Omaha, Nebraska "Too Close" Advanced
2
Mackenzie Johnson 25 Bucks County, Pennsylvania "Love Yourself" Eliminated
3
Leah Jenea 17 Newark, New Jersey "Best Part" Advanced
4
AJ Reynolds 25 Lee, New Hampshire "Cheeks" (Original Song) Advanced
5
Anthony Gargiula 19 Orlando, Florida "In My Blood" Advanced
Challenge performances on the fourth episode
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
1.1
Noah Barlass "Chains" Eliminated
1.2
JeRonelle McGhee "This Woman's Work" Put in seat 1
3.1
James Graham "Want to Want Me" Eliminated
3.2
Leah Jenea "Call Out My Name" Put in seat 2
4.1
Sharaya J "I Don't Fuck with You" Safe
4.2
AJ Reynolds "King" (Original Song) Eliminated
5.1
Ali Caldwell "No More Drama" Safe
5.2
Anthony Gargiula "I'm Not the Only One" Eliminated
Comeback Performances[edit]
Week 7 (July 26)[edit]
Similar to last season, America voted on which of the eliminated contestants they wanted to return to the competition by tweeting the hashtag #TheFourComeback and the hashtag of the contestant’s name. However, this season, people who challenged The Four and lost were also eligible in addition to previous members. On July 23, @TheFourOnFox (via Instagram) posted pictures which announced that Carvena Jones, Dylan Jacob, Ebon Lurks, James Graham, Jesse Kramer, Lil Bri, Stephanie Zelaya, and Whitney Reign were the top eight vote-getters, and will be returning to the competition.
Part 1: Head-To-Head Battles[edit]
Group Performance: "I Want You Back" (featuring Evvie McKinney and Zhavia)
During the first part of competition, the comeback artists split into pairs and performed for the favor of the audience. The audience selected one from each pair to immediately challenge one of the members of "The Four"
Head-to-Head Battle Results
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
1.1
Whitney Reign "Mamma Knows Best" Advanced
1.2
Stephanie Zelaya "Bailamos" Eliminated
3.1
Lil Bri "All I Do is Win" Eliminated
3.2
Dylan Jacob "A Milli" Advanced
5.1
Carvena Jones "I Will Always Love You" Advanced
5.2
Ebon Lurks "Congratulations" Eliminated
7.1
Jesse Kramer "Come Together" Eliminated
7.2
James Graham "Writing's on the Wall" Advanced
Part 2: Comeback Artist Challenge Performances[edit]
After winning their Head-to-Head battles, the four comeback artists each immediately challenged a member of "The Four" for an opportunity to claim a seat.
Challenge Performance Results
Order
Artist
Song
Challenge result
2.1
Ali Caldwell "My All" Eliminated
2.2
Whitney Reign "Don't Let Go (Love)" Put in seat 3
4.1
Sharaya J "Mama Said Knock You Out" Safe
4.2
Dylan Jacob "Quiet Storm" Eliminated
6.1
Leah Jenea "Focus" Safe
6.2
Carvena Jones "Feeling Good" Eliminated
8.1
JeRonelle McGhee "All of Me" Eliminated
8.2
James Graham "Without You" Put in seat 1
Finale[edit]
Week 8 (August 2)[edit]
Group performance: "Hard"
Part 1: Head-to-Head Battles[edit]
In Part 1, the finalists each performed two songs. For the first song, each finalist performed in hopes of winning over the audience. After performing, the audience voted on their favorite performance, and the finalist with the most votes earned the power to choose who they wanted to battle against in the head-to-head challenge. For their second song, each selected pair went head-to-head. The judges picked a winner from each pair to move on to the final battle.
Selection Power Performances
Order
Artist
Song
Result
Opponent
1
Whitney Reign "Lady Marmalade" Did not receive Sharaya
2
Leah Jenea "True Colors" Did not receive James
3
Sharaya J "Juicy" Selected Whitney Whitney
4
James Graham "Rock With You" Did not receive Leah
Head-to-Head Performances
Order
Artist
Song
Result
5
Whitney Reign "Million Reasons" Eliminated
6
Sharaya J "Cops Shot the Kid" Advanced
7
Leah Jenea "Golden" Eliminated
8
James Graham "Hello" Advanced
Non-Competition Performances
Order
Artist
Song
8.1 Evvie McKinney "How Do You Feel"
Part 2: The Final Battle[edit]
For the final battle, the two finalists performed once more for the votes of the judges. The winner of this battle would be crowned the winner of The Four.
Final Head-to-head Performance Results
Order
Artist
Song
Result
9
Sharaya J "Say Less" (Original Song) Runner-Up
10
James Graham "Fix You" Winner
Artists who appeared on previous shows[edit]
James Graham was a member of the band Stereo Kicks which finished fifth on The X Factor during the eleventh season in 2014.
Carvena Jones auditioned for the ninth season of American Idol but was cut in Hollywood week.
Chris Vanny appeared on the second season of La Banda under the name Christian Castro. He was one of the five winners who were put together to form the winning band, MIX5.
Christina Castle competed on the third season of The X Factor Australia under her real name, Christina Parie. She finished in sixth place.
Skylar Dayne turned no chairs on the sixth season of The Voice and auditioned contestant on Idol Kids Puerto Rico, but was cut in the semi-finals.
Ali Caldwell was a contestant on the eleventh season of The Voice on Team Miley. She finished in presumed 5th place.
Lil Bri appeared on the fourth season of Lifetime’s The Rap Game, finishing in second place.
Ratings[edit]
Episode
Original airdate
Time slot (ET)
Viewers
(in millions)
Adults 18–49
Source
Rating
Share
1 "Week One" June 7, 2018 Thursday 8:00 p.m. 2.43 0.7 3 [1]
2 "Week Two" June 14, 2018 2.19 0.7 3 [2]
3 "Week Three" June 21, 2018 2.38 0.7 3 [3]
4 "Week Four" June 28, 2018 2.58 0.8 4 [4]
5 "Week Five" July 12, 2018 2.81 0.8 4 [5]
6 "Week Six" July 19, 2018 2.86 0.9 5 [6]
7 "Comeback Week" July 26, 2018 3.12 0.9 5 [7]
8 "The Finale" August 2, 2018 3.40 1.0 5 [8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 8, 2018). "Stanley Cup clincher adjusts up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 15, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory' rerun adjusts up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 22, 2018). "'The Four,' 'Match Game,' all others hold: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 29, 2018). "'Big Brother' adjusts up, 'Take Two' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (July 13, 2018). "'The Four' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (July 20, 2018). "'Big Brother' holds onto season high: Thursday final ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (July 27, 2018). "'Trial and Error,' 'Young Sheldon' rerun adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (August 3, 2018). "'Big Brother' adjusts up, 'Big Bang Theory' encore adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Four:_Battle_for_Stardom_(season_2)&oldid=864420369"
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text:
iPad (2018)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other iPad models, see iPad (disambiguation).
iPad
The iPad in silver
Also known as
6th generation iPad, iPad 2018, The new 9.7 inch iPad
Developer
Apple Inc.
Manufacturer
Foxconn
Product family
iPad
Type
Tablet computer
Release date
March 27, 2018
Introductory price
$329
Operating system
Original: iOS 11.3
Current: iOS 12.1, released October 8, 2018 (2018-10-08)
System-on-chip used
Apple A10 with 64-bit architecture and Apple M10 motion co-processor
CPU
2.34 GHz quad-core (two used) 64-bit[1]
Memory
2 GB LPDDR4 RAM
Storage
32 or 128 GB flash memory
Display
9.7 inches (250 mm) 2,048 × 1,536 px (264 ppi) with a 4:3 aspect ratio
Sound
Stereo
Input
Multi-touch screen, headset controls, M10 motion co-processor, proximity and ambient light sensors, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, Touch ID fingerprint reader, barometer
Camera
Front: 1.2 MP, 720p HD, ƒ/2.2 aperture
Rear: 8.0 MP AF, iSight with Five Element Lens, Hybrid IR filter, video stabilization, face detection, HDR, ƒ/2.4 aperture
Connectivity
Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi + Cellular:
Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz and MIMO
Bluetooth 4.2, Broadcom BCM4359 Chip (Same as iPhone 7)
Wi-Fi + Cellular:
GPS & GLONASS
GSM
UMTS / HSDPA
850, 1700, 1900, 2100 MHz
GSM / EDGE
850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
CDMA
CDMA/EV-DO Rev. A and B.
800, 1900 MHz
LTE
Multiple bands
A1567: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29 and TD-LTE 38, 39, 40, 41
Power
Built-in rechargeable Li-Po battery
Online services
App Store, iTunes Store, iBooks Store, iCloud, Game Center
Dimensions
240 mm (9.4 in) (h)
169.5 mm (6.67 in) (w)
7.5 mm (0.30 in) (d)
Weight
Wi-Fi: 469 g (1.034 lb)
Wi-Fi + Cellular: 478 g (1.054 lb)
Predecessor
iPad (2017)
Related articles
iPad Pro
Website
www.apple.com/ipad-9.7/
This article is part of a series on the
iPad
1st
2
3rd
4th
Air
Air 2
2017
2018
Mini
1st
2
3
4
Pro
1st
2nd
3rd
List of iPad models
v
t
e
The iPad (officially sixth-generation iPad) is a 9.7-inch (25cm) tablet computer designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was announced on March 27, 2018 during an education-focused event in Chicago and it is a revision of the 2017 model, upgraded with the Apple A10 Fusion SoC and support for styluses such as Apple Pencil.[2] The iPad is marketed towards educators and schools.
Gareth Beavis of TechRadar and Scott Stein of CNET gave the product generally positive reviews, singling out the addition of the Apple Pencil support for praise, while criticizing the fact that the model was rather similar to the previous iPad, yet cheaper compared to other iPads.
Contents
1 History
2 Specifications
3 Reception
4 Timeline of models
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The iPad was announced by Apple on March 27, 2018 in an education-oriented event at Lane Tech High School.[3]
The iPad is priced starting at US$329 for consumers, $309 for educators/students and $299 for schools.[4]
Specifications[edit]
The iPad shipped with the latest release of iOS 11.[5] The iWork suite is preinstalled and included Pencil stylus support.[2]
The iPad's hardware is nearly identical to the previous generation, except for a few upgrades, such as Apple Pencil and stylus support and an upgraded processor, the Apple A10 Fusion.[2][5] It is available in three colors, Silver, a new Gold, as well as Space Gray. The iPad has 2 gigabytes of RAM.[6] It is 7.5mm thick.[5] The iPad is available in 32 and 128 gigabyte storage options.[5] Unlike the iPad Pro, the iPad does not feature a laminated display.
Reception[edit]
Gareth Beavis of TechRadar praised the addition of the Apple Pencil and the powerful A10 chip, but noted that it was as costly as the previous generation iPad.[7] Scott Stein of CNET also praised the addition of support for Apple Pencil and the upgrade to the A10 chip, but criticized it for lacking the Smart Connector as well as not having the same display technology as the iPad Pro, writing "the 2018 entry-level iPad doesn't add much, but it makes an already excellent tablet a better buy than ever."[8]
Timeline of models[edit]
Source: Apple Newsroom Archive[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "iOS Benchmarks". Geekbench. Primate Labs Inc. Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Apple's new iPad with Pencil support is just $299 for students". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
Jump up ^ Marotti, Ally. "Apple draws tech world's eyes to Chicago's Lane Tech with launch event for new school-focused iPad". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Apple Launches New 9.7-Inch iPad With Apple Pencil Support, $299 for Schools and $329 for Consumers". MacRumors.com. Archived from the original on 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "iPad 9.7 - Technical Specifications". Apple. Archived from the original on 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
Jump up ^ "Apple iPad 9.7 (2018) - Full tablet specifications". www.gsmarena.com. Archived from the original on 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
Jump up ^ Beavis, Gareth. "Hands on: New iPad 2018 review". techradar. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Apple iPad 2018 review: The iPad for everyone". CNET. 2018-03-29. Archived from the original on 2018-04-02. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
Jump up ^ Apple Inc. (2010–2011). iPad News - Newsroom Archive. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
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