text:
Jacob and Esau
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the 1963 film, see Jacob and Esau (film).
Hendrick ter Brugghen, Esau Selling His Birthright, c. 1627.
The Book of Genesis speaks of the relationship between Jacob and Esau, focusing on Esau's loss of his birthright to Jacob and the conflict that had spawned between their descendant nations because of Jacob's deception of their aged and blind father, Isaac, in order to receive Esau's birthright/blessing from Isaac.
This conflict was paralleled by the affection the parents had for their favored child: "Isaac, who had a taste for wild game, loved Esau, but Rebekah loved Jacob." (Genesis 25:28). Even since conception, their conflict was foreshadowed: "And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If it be so, why am I thus? And she went to enquire of the Lord. And the Lord said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger." (Genesis 25:22–23)
This passage in Genesis 25:26 is as if Jacob was seemingly trying to pull Esau back into the womb so that he could be firstborn.[1] The grasping of the heel is also a reference to deceptive behavior.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Birthright
1.1 Hunted
1.2 Reconciliation
2 Views of the Birthright
3 References
Birthright[edit]
In Genesis, Esau returned to his brother, Jacob, being famished from the fields. He begged his twin brother to give him some "red pottage" (paralleling his nickname, Hebrew: אדום (adom, meaning "red"). Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn) and Esau agreed.[3]
The birthright has to do with inheritance of goods and position both. The historical account is of biblical nature. Esau acts impulsively. As he did not value his birthright over a bowl of lentil stew, by his actions, Esau demonstrates that he does not deserve to be the one who continues Abraham's responsibilities and rewards under God's covenant, since he does not have the steady, thoughtful qualities which are required.[4]
Horst, Gerrit Willemsz. - Isaac blessing Jacob
Jacob shows his wiliness as well as his greater intelligence and forethought. What he does is not quite honorable, though not illegal. The birthright benefit that he gains is at least partially valid, although he is insecure enough about it to conspire later with his mother to deceive his father so as to gain the blessing for the first-born as well.[4][how?]
Later, Esau marries two wives, both Hittite women, that is, locals, in violation of Abraham's (and God's) injunction not to take wives from among the Canaanite population. Again, one gets the sense of a headstrong person who acts impulsively, without sufficient thought (Genesis 26:34–35). His marriage is described as a vexation to both Rebekah and Isaac. Even his father, who has strong affection for him, is hurt by his act. This action alone forever rules out Esau as the bearer of patriarchal continuity. Esau could have overcome the sale of his birthright; Isaac was still prepared to give him the blessing due the firstborn. But acquiring foreign wives meant the detachment of his children from the Abrahamic line. Despite the deception on the part of Jacob and his mother to gain Isaac's patriarchal blessing, Jacob's vocation as Isaac's legitimate heir in the continued founding of the Jewish people is reaffirmed. Daniel J. Elazar suggests that the Bible indicates that a bright, calculating person who, at times, is less than honest, is preferable as a founder over a bluff, impulsive one who cannot make discriminating choices.[4]
Hunted[edit]
Esau is furious and vows to kill Jacob (Genesis 27:41). Rebekah intervenes to save her younger son Jacob from being murdered by her elder son, Esau.[5] At Rebekah's urging, Jacob flees to a distant land to work for his mother's brother, Laban (Genesis 28:5).
Jacob does not immediately receive his father's inheritance. Jacob, having fled for his life, leaves behind the wealth of Isaac's flocks and land and tents in Esau's hands. Jacob is forced to sleep out on the open ground and then work for wages as a servant in Laban's household. Jacob, who had deceived his father, is in turn deceived and cheated by his relative Laban concerning Jacob's seven years of service (lacking money for a dowry) for the hand of Laban's daughter Rachel, receiving his older daughter Leah instead.[6] However, despite Laban, Jacob eventually becomes so rich as to incite the envy of Laban and Laban's sons.
Peter Paul Rubens, The Reconciliation of Jacob and Esau, 1624.
Reconciliation[edit]
Genesis 32–33 tells of Jacob and Esau's eventual meeting according to God's commandment in Genesis 31:3, 32:10 after Jacob had spent more than 20 years staying with Laban in Padan-Aram. The two men prepare for their meeting like warriors about to enter into battle. Jacob divides his family into two camps such that if one is taken the other might escape (Genesis 32:8-9). Jacob sends messengers to Esau, as well as gifts meant to appease him.[6] Jacob gets the name Israel after he wrestles with the Angel of God as he is traveling to Esau. His hip is knocked out of joint but he keeps on wrestling and gains the name.[7] After the encounter with the angel, Jacob crosses over the ford Jabbok and encounters Esau who seems initially pleased to see him (Genesis 33:4), which attitude of favour Jacob fosters by means of his gift. Esau refuses the gift at first but Jacob humbles himself before his brother and presses him to take it, which he finally does (Genesis 33:3, 33:10-11). However, Jacob evidently does not trust his brother's favour to continue for long so he makes excuses to avoid traveling to Mount Seir in Esau's company (Genesis 33:12-14), and he further evades Esau's attempt to put his own men among Jacob's bands (Genesis 33:15-16), and finally completes the deception of his brother yet again by going to Succoth and then to Shalem, a city of Shechem, instead of following Esau at a distance to Seir (Genesis 33:16-20). The next time Jacob and Esau meet is at the burial of their father, Isaac, in Hebron (Genesis 35:27-29). The so-called reconciliation is thus only superficial and temporary.
Views of the Birthright[edit]
The narrative of Esau selling his birthright to Jacob, in Genesis 25, states that Esau despised his birthright. However, it also alludes to Jacob being one who deceives.
In Esau's mother and father's eyes, the deception may have been deserved. Rebekah later abets Jacob in receiving his father's blessing disguised as Esau. Isaac then refuses to take Jacob's blessing back after learning he was tricked, and does not give this blessing to Esau but, after Esau begs, gives him an inferior blessing (Genesis 27:34–40).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Attridge & Meeks. The Harper Collins Study Bible, (ISBN 0060786841, ISBN 978-0-06-078684-7 ), 2006, p. 40
Jump up ^ Genesis 25:26, NIV footnote
Jump up ^ Duffy, Daniel. "Esau." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 12 Jul. 2013
^ Jump up to: a b c Elazar, Daniel J., "Jacob and Esau and the Emergence of the Jewish People", Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
Jump up ^ "Esau", Jewish Encyclopedia
^ Jump up to: a b Manns OFM, Frederick. "Jacob and Esau: Rebecca's Children", American Catholic.org. Archived 2013-12-24 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ In Biblical Hebrew the name "Israel" means one who wrestles with God. See also Jacob's Ladder.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_and_Esau&oldid=835954843"
Categories:
Jacob
Edom
Rivalry
Biblical twins
Sibling duos
Biblical patriarchs
Prophets of the Hebrew Bible
Prophets of Islam
Articles about multiple people in the Bible
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles containing Hebrew-language text
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Español
Português
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 April 2018, at 19:47 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: href class

value: i

values: Please clarify the following statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (May 2017)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Articles about multiple people in the Bible

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values:
/wiki/Jacob_and_Esau
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Jacob_and_Esau rootpage-Jacob_and_Esau skin-vector action-view


text:
General Grievous
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with General Grivas.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
General Grievous
Star Wars character
General Grievous in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith.
First appearance
Legends: Clone Wars
– "Chapter 20" (2004)
Canon: Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Last appearance
The Clone Wars: Legacy
– "Dark Disciple" (2016)
Created by
George Lucas
Voiced by
Matthew Wood
George Lucas (coughs only)
John DiMaggio (Star Wars: Clone Wars Season Two)
Richard McGonagle (Star Wars: Clone Wars Season Three)
David W. Collins (Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron and Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron)
Kirby Morrow (Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles and Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales)
Information
Full name
Qymaen jai Sheelal
Species
Kaleesh cyborg
Gender
Male
Occupation
Supreme Commander of the Confederacy of Independent Systems' Droid Armies
Education
Trained in the Jedi arts by Count Dooku
Homeworld
Kalee
Affiliation
Confederacy of Independent Systems
Star Wars portal
General Grievous is a fictional character and antagonist in the Star Wars franchise. He served as the Supreme Commander of the Confederacy of Independent Systems' Droid Armies during the Clone Wars. He was trained in all lightsaber combat forms by the Sith Lord Count Dooku to rival the Jedi of the Galactic Republic. In Legends, Grievous was a Kaleesh warlord named Qymaen jai Sheelal, who suffered great injuries in a ship crash and was then rebuilt as a cyborg.
The character was introduced in 2004 in the animated series Star Wars: Clone Wars, before making his live-action debut in the 2005 film Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith.
Contents
[hide]
1 Concept and creation
1.1 Character overview
1.2 Portrayal
2 Appearances
2.1 Film
2.1.1 Revenge of the Sith
2.2 Television
2.2.1 Clone Wars
2.2.2 The Clone Wars
2.3 Literature
2.4 Video games
3 References
4 External links
Concept and creation[edit]
General Grievous was developed for Revenge of the Sith as a powerful new villain on the side of the Separatists. The initial instructions that director George Lucas gave the Art Department were very open-ended: "a droid general". From that vague direction, the artists developed a lot of explorations, some purely mechanical, some not, for Grievous' look. He was also created as a villain foreshadowing Anakin Skywalker's transformation into Darth Vader: the heavy breathing, the cyborg body and his seduction into an evil faction.
The initial design sketch for Grievous was refined and made into a 1-foot (30 cm)-tall maquette sculpture. That was further refined when it was made into a realistic computer-generated model by Industrial Light & Magic. At the time, this was one of the most complicated models ever created by ILM, with many parts of differing physical qualities. Grievous is completely computer-generated imagery in the movie. On set, Duncan Young read the lines off-screen while Kyle Rowling wore a bluescreen or a greenscreen suit to act out the fights with Obi-Wan Kenobi.
Also notable are the numerous contradictions between the expanded universe and both TV series. Grievous is depicted as having four fingers per arm in the Star Wars: The Clone Wars series whereas Star Wars: Clone Wars has the general depicted as having five. Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith and most other comics depicted him as having six fingers per arm. The original Clone Wars incarnation was fast, acrobatic and powerful but not as often in command when compared to the more recent The Clone Wars incarnation of the character. Furthermore, his asthmatic cough and hunchbacked stance are already present, despite having not gained them prior to his confrontation with Mace Windu. The general's back story has also been changed: supervising director Dave Filoni stated that Grievous opted for surgery in order to gain abilities that would allow him to rival a Jedi. This is reinforced by season one's tenth episode "Lair of Grievous" which suggested the general's transformation into a cyborg was a gradual process.
Comparisons have been drawn between the character's appearance and Jacob Epstein's sculpture Rock Drill.[1][2]
Character overview[edit]
General Grievous' asthmatic cough in Revenge of the Sith was intended to emphasize his organic nature as well as the flaws of having cyborg prosthetics. The Separatist Leader does, in fact, have a severe case of asthma. Grievous had previously appeared in Clone Wars before many of his personality traits had been finalized. To reconcile the differences between the two presentations, Mace Windu uses the Force to crush Grievous' chest panel towards the end of the show's third season (Volume Two) as the general makes a desperate escape with Palpatine. Some of the audio effects for the coughing were taken from Lucas himself, who had had bronchitis during principal photography.[3]
Portrayal[edit]
General Grievous has been voiced by four actors. In the Star Wars: Clone Wars animated series, the character was voiced by John DiMaggio for Season Two's finale episode and by Richard McGonagle for Season Three. The character was voiced by Matthew Wood in the feature film Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars and most of the video game appearances. David W. Collins voiced the character, albeit uncredited, in Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron and Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron.
Gary Oldman (a friend of producer Rick McCallum) agreed to submit a voice audition but his involvement never went beyond that. Several months later, actor John Rhys-Davies was widely reported to be the character's voice but this was revealed to be a prank.
Appearances[edit]
Film[edit]
Revenge of the Sith[edit]
In Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, General Grievous holds Supreme Chancellor Palpatine hostage aboard his flagship, the Invisible Hand. When the Jedi Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker launch a rescue operation, the latter kills Separatist Head of State Count Dooku. Grievous traps the fleeing Jedi and the Chancellor in a ray shield, and has them brought along with R2-D2 to the ship's bridge. He confiscates Kenobi and Skywalker's lightsabers, cackling that he will add them to his vast collection. When R2-D2 creates a distraction, Obi-Wan and Anakin use the Force to retrieve their lightsabers and free themselves. A short battle ensues with Obi-Wan and Anakin overcoming Grievous's MagnaGuards and Battle Droids before turning their attention to the General himself. Grievous escapes by using the electrostaff of a fallen MagnaGuard to shatter the bridge's glass and create a vacuum that pulls everything out towards space. He subsequently fires a grapple-hook to secure himself to the ship and scales its exterior en route to an escape pod. Grievous launches all of the other pods as well to prevent the Jedi from escaping the doomed vessel.
Now both the political and military leader of the Separatists, Grievous heads to the planet of Utapau, where the council members of the Confederacy of Independent Systems are hiding; the Separatists have taken the residents of Utapau hostage. At his master Darth Sidious' (secretly Chancellor Palpatine) request, Grievous moves the council members to the volcanic planet Mustafar as the conclusion of the Clone Wars approaches.
Obi-Wan later tracks Grievous to Utapau. When Kenobi destroys his MagnaGuards, Grievous duels the Jedi in single combat, splitting each of his mechanical arms in half to simultaneously use four lightsabers. The Republic's Clone Troopers then arrive to engage Grievous' Droid Army. Obi-Wan disarms Grievous with the Force and pursues him when the General retreats on his wheelbike, fleeing to the hanger where his starfighter is located. The two engage in hand-to-hand combat, and Grievous easily overpowers Kenobi. Before the General can deliver the final blow, however, Obi-Wan uses Grievous' own blaster to incinerate his organs underneath his cyborg exoskeleton, killing him.
Television[edit]
Clone Wars[edit]
In Star Wars: Clone Wars, General Grievous's first public appearance is when he attacked several Jedi on Hypori. After killing Daakman Barrek, Grievous and his droids surrounded Tarr Seirr, Sha'a Gi, Aayla Secura, K'Kruhk, Ki-Adi-Mundi and Shaak Ti. After stating he would grant the Jedi a "warrior's death", Grievous battled the six Jedi all by himself, killing Seirr, and injuring Secura, Ti, and K'kruhk. He managed to possess three lightsabers (one in each hand and the third using his left foot) to fight Mundi. As they fought, lightsabers blazing, clone troopers arrived to save the surviving Jedi from Grievous, though they left K'kruhk thinking he was dead.
Sometime later, Grievous searched for Supreme Chancellor Palpatine on Coruscant and fought several Jedi that took Palpatine to a secret bunker aboard a maglev train. However, while the general's Magnaguards distracted the lead Jedi, Grievous reached the hardened bunker, killed two other Jedi and captured Palpatine. As Grievous was about to escape, Mace Windu Force-crushed his chest plates, severely injuring him. Although many fans believed this to be the reason for his persisting cough heard in Revenge of the Sith, Grievous was actually intended to have had the cough all along (evidenced by him having the cough from the beginning in the subsequent CGI series Star Wars: The Clone Wars). The confusion arose due to the writers of Star Wars: Clone Wars having to produce the series before all of Grievous's final characterizations had been nailed down.
The Clone Wars[edit]
In the first season of the computer-animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, Grievous is the commander of the huge Separatist warship Malevolence armed with a pair of heavy ion cannons. He also clashes with Obi-Wan Kenobi aboard the Malevolence for the first time when he chases him aboard the warship's railway system. During the ensuing lightsaber duel, Grievous nearly gets the better of Kenobi, but the Jedi Master makes his escape at the last moment. Meanwhile, Anakin secretly sabotages the Malevolence's navigation computer, sending it crashing into a nearby moon. However, Grievous escapes on his starfighter and continues his campaign against the Republic. A few episodes later, Grievous discovers Anakin Skywalker and Padawan Ahsoka Tano infiltrating his secret listening post and seeks out to search for them. He then engages Tano and her squad of clone troopers, defeating all the troopers and then engaging in a cat and mouse game with Tano. However, Tano and Skywalker still manage to destroy his listening post. Aware of Grievous's recent string of failures, Count Dooku arranges a test for his cyborg henchman - in the form of Jedi Master Kit Fisto and Jedi Knight Nahdar Vebb. In Grievous's personal castle on the third moon of Vassek, the two Jedi and a squad of clone troopers ambush Grievous and cut off his legs. Once repaired, Grievous duels and kills Vebb. On the outskirts of Grievous's castle, the general climbs up from the ledge and unleashes four lightsabers on Fisto. Using the fog to his advantage, Fisto successfully cuts off one of Grievous's hands and reclaims Vebb's lightsaber. Armed with two lightsabers, Fisto gains the upper hand over Grievous to which the general calls in his Magnaguards and Fisto flees. When Grievous reports to Dooku, his master informs Grievous that there is room for improvement.
During the second season, Grievous boards a Republic Cruiser with Jedi Master Eeth Koth on board. Grievous duels Koth and takes him prisoner. Kenobi, Skywalker and Jedi Master Adi Gallia attempt to rescue Koth and capture the cyborg general, resulting in a confrontation between the Grievous and Kenobi over the planet Saleucami which Grievous loses. Though the Jedi succeed in rescuing Koth, Grievous, helped by his droids, escapes once again.
In the third season, Grievous, Ventress and their armies attack the clone factories on the planet Kamino. During the battle, Grievous clashes with Obi-Wan again. However, their duel ends in stalemate and Grievous flees the planet with Ventress. Later on, Grievous commands a sabotage mission using infiltrator droids on the Galactic Senate, resulting in a deregulation of the banks.
During the fourth season, Grievous suffers a humiliating defeat when he attempts to invade Naboo. Jar Jar Binks (posing as Gungan Boss Lyonie) distracts Grievous in a series of negotiations long enough for the Gungan Army to shut down Grievous's invasion force. As Grievous pursues Jar Jar, he slaughters many Gungan Grand Army soldiers. At that moment, General Tarpals intervenes and engages Grievous in a duel. Although he is mortally wounded by the cyborg, Tarpals impales Grievous through his chest which allows the Gungan Army to bombard the wounded general with energized projectiles and capture him. However, he is freed in a prisoner exchange with Skywalker between Dooku and Padmé Amidala. Later, Grievous attacks Gallia's ship, engaging her in a lightsaber duel down a narrow hallway. The duel ends when Grievous kicks Gallia in the chest, sending her flying across the hallway. Grievous then captures Gallia. Shortly after, Gallia escapes Grievous's custody when a strike force led by Jedi Master Plo Koon boards his ship and frees the Jedi Master, prompting Grievous to flee once again. Grievous is later sent to the planet Dathomir under Dooku's orders to exterminate the Nightsisters. Immediately upon landing on the planet's surface, the general begins his rampage and his droid army turns Dathomir into a battlefield. However, Asajj Ventress turns the tide of the battle and fights her way to the general's shuttle where the cyborg emerges to confront her personally. As they duel, Grievous grows overconfident and begins to toy with Ventress until she surprises him by chopping off one of his arms and knocking him to the ground. Grievous then orders his troops to fire on Ventress, wounding her. As the general prepares to deliver the deathblow to his longtime rival, he is attacked by Nightsister zombies and is forced to fight them off while Ventress flees. Under new orders from Dooku, Grievous turns his attention to Nightsister leader Mother Talzin and slaughters his way to her fortress where she narrowly escapes from the general's grasp by teleporting away. Grievous is later seen on Serenno listening to Dooku's fears about Savage Opress.
In the fifth season's premiere episode, Grievous is mentioned by Hondo Ohnaka as having defeated Obi-Wan and won the battle for the system that Florrum is in. This battle is shown in the episode "Bound for Rescue" where Grievous attacks Obi-Wan's ship; the General slaughters a squadron of clones and duels Obi-Wan. Obi-Wan is no match for Grievous and is subsequently defeated, forcing him to abandon his ship. Later, Grievous goes to Florrum personally and announces that the system is under his control now, and that Dooku is having him punish Hondo for holding him for ransom. The droids destroy Hondo's stronghold and his belongings, and hold him prisoner, but Hondo is rescued when Ahsoka and a group of younglings free him and retreat off the planet. Grievous pursues them and fights Ahsoka. Although she has grown stronger since their last battle, Grievous still proves to be more than a match for her. The duel ends when Hondo picks up Ahsoka in the Slave I and takes off, leaving Grievous to stew in his anger. In the first episode of the droid arc "Secret Weapons", Grievous is mentioned in the opening credits, and the primary goal of the mission is to retrieve a module that will decode a transmittion that Grievous made about an important Separatist attack.
Grievous was to undergo a design change in the seventh season to look more like his design in Revenge of the Sith. Though the series was cancelled before this could happen, the unfinished animations of the Crystal Crisis arc showed this design. In this arc, Grievous is sent by Dooku to purchase a giant kyber crystal on Utapau, and while Grievous at first obtains the crystal, it is lost when Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi destroy it by overloading its power.[4]
Literature[edit]
Grievous made his first appearance in the comics in a short story in Star Wars: Visionaries called "The Eyes of Revolution". This story reveals that he was once Kaleesh general Qymaen jai Sheelal, a fierce warrior engaged in a brutal war with the rival planet Huk. Grievous has had many wives. One that he is currently married to is human Gravlyn. He boards a shuttle to take him to another battle, unaware that Dooku had planted an explosive device in it. He is mortally wounded in the resulting crash and what remains of his body is reconstructed with cybernetic limbs. Dooku then recruits him into the Separatist Army as his second-in-command.
In the third volume of Clone Wars Adventures, it is revealed that Grievous attains his rank of Supreme Commander by dueling Ventress and Durge simultaneously. On board the Trenchant space station, Ventress and Durge are ordered by Dooku to search for an unknown intruder with the pair unaware of the Count's intentions. Armed with an electrostaff, Grievous appears from behind and electrocutes Durge and subsequently throws him across the hallway through a few trophies. Ventress jumps onto a chandelier and attempts to search for Grievous, but is instead knocked off by the Cyborg but is saved by Durge. The pair then confront the general face to face, with Ventress unleashing her lightsabers and Durge unleashing his full arsenal. Grievous is able to knock Ventress away, though Durge then sends the general flying across the room into a wall with a powerful punch to the face. Enraged, Grievous unleashes his lightsabers, swiftly defeating the pair. In the wake of the battle, Grievous is made the Supreme Commander of the Confederacy's military.
Grievous starred in his own comic called Star Wars: General Grievous, in which he fights Jedi Master T'chooka D'oon and his Padawan Flyn. After Grievous kills D'oon, Kybo returns to the Jedi council with a plan to destroy Grievous once and for all. When the council rebukes his vengeful plan, Kybo decides to take this matter into own hands with disastrous results. Grievous also appears in the comics in Star Wars: Obsession issue number 4, in which he is on the world of Boz Pity where he kills two Jedi, Master Soon Bayts and Jedi Council member Adi Gallia. Though Grievous is crippled by Windu, Dooku is able to save him so he may fight another day.
Grievous appears as a major character in the four-part comic series, Son of Dathomir, an unproduced story arc intended for Clone Wars season six. The cyborg general is sent by Dooku to hunt down the rogue Sith Lord Darth Maul, who has become a significant threat to Sidious's plans. Grievous is ordered to only wound Maul's forces, but not kill him; this is in order to draw out Mother Talzin, who is later revealed to be Maul's blood mother. Though he thinks it foolish to keep Maul alive, Grievous does as he is told. He takes a huge army of droids to Zanbar and attacks Maul's army of Death Watch warriors. Despite heavy casualties, Grievous' droids ultimately win the battle. During the battle, Grievous briefly fights Maul and wins, forcing him to flee. Later, Grievous and Dooku are lured into a trap by Maul and his minions, and are taken prisoner in order to draw out Sidious. However, Grievous soon escapes and rejoins Sidious, who orders Grievous to attack Dathomir again, where Maul and Talzin are planning using Dooku as a sacrifice to restore Talzin to full strength. Sidious fights Talzin while Grievous duels Maul again. Maul eventually overpowers Grievous and Force-pushes him through a wall. Grievous quickly reappears, however, and after Sidious and Dooku have subdued Talzin (who has thrown Maul out of the battle to save his life), Grievous stabs her through the chest with his lightsabers, killing her.
In the novel Labyrinth of Evil, Grievous plans an invasion of Coruscant alongside Dooku and Sidious. He first appears in the novel watching his hated subordinate Nute Gunray flee from a pursuant Republic Strike Force. Grievous reluctantly saves Gunray by destroying the fighters. Grievous' invasion of the planet Belderone would also be thwarted by Skywalker and Kenobi due to a careless mistake on Gunray's part. Though Gunray resorts to lies, Grievous deduces that the Neimoidian is lying and threatens to kill him. Later on the bridge of the Invisible Hand, Dooku watches as Grievous spars his elite Magnaguards. Though Grievous wins the fight, Dooku points out several flaws in the general's technique while realizing he is partly to blame for the general's inadequacies. Grievous soon launches his invasion on the Republic capital of Coruscant in an attempt to kidnap Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, placing himself on the battlefield once again. During the invasion, Grievous battles Mace Windu while personally trying to capture Palpatine. Though Windu overwhelms Grievous in combat, the cyborg outwits the Jedi Guard and takes Palpatine hostage.
Video games[edit]
General Grievous has appeared in the video games Star Wars: Battlefront II, Star Wars: Republic Commando and the Revenge of the Sith video game.
Grievous next appears in the video game Star Wars Galaxies. Following the establishment of the Galactic Empire, stormtroopers take Grievous' living head, and place it in his body, transforming him to a droid. This war droid has a brief life in the Myyydril Caverns on Kashyyyk before being destroyed by an anonymous group of spacers. The combatants loot the droid's remains, taking its weaponry and anything else of value. The facemask ends up on the Invisible Market, where it is purchased for its artistic properties by a high-ranking Imperial admiral — purported to be none other than Grand Admiral Thrawn.[5]
Grievous also makes a very brief appearance in Star Wars: Republic Commando, when Delta Squad almost catches him boarding his starship to an "unknown" planet. Earlier, on Geonosis, after killing Sun Fac, a ship looking similar to Grievous' flies away. The squad notes the ship as not being Geonosian. Grievous makes his next appearance in Lego Star Wars and Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga, featured as a boss and an unlockable, playable character in free play mode. He is also playable in free play mode in Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy by accessing a save file of Lego Star Wars.
Grievous appears as a playable character in Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Lightsaber Duels. Grievous also appears as a playable character in Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron. Unlike Star Wars: Battlefront II, in the DS version, he can use his four arms at the cost of force points instead of just two at the end of an attack.
Grievous is also a boss villain in several mini games of the online game Clone Wars Adventures.
Grievous, as an evil pig, is a playable character in Angry Birds Star Wars II.
In Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars, General Grievous is featured as a boss in story mode and an unlockable, playable character in free play mode.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Brandon, Laura (2007-01-15). Art and War. I.B.Tauris. p. 123. ISBN 1845112377.
Jump up ^ Jones, Tim (2011-10-29). "Lookalike – Bunker Notes". Christchurch Art Gallery. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary featuring George Lucas, Rick McCallum, Rob Coleman, John Knoll and Roger Guyett, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: The Clone Wars - Story Reel: A Death on Utapau - Star Wars: The Clone Wars". Retrieved 22 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Star Wars: Galaxies
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Grievous.
General Grievous in the StarWars.com Databank
Grievous on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
General Greivous on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Fictional universe of Star Wars
Concepts
The Force
Architecture
Languages
Physics
Organizations
First Order
Galactic Empire
Galactic Republic
Jedi
New Republic
Rebel Alliance
Resistance
Sith
Characters
Admiral Ackbar
Padmé Amidala
Cassian Andor
Wedge Antilles
Cad Bane
Darth Bane
BB-8
Jar Jar Binks
C-3PO
Lando Calrissian
Chewbacca
Lieutenant Connix
Poe Dameron
Count Dooku
Jyn Erso
Boba Fett
Jango Fett
Finn (FN-2187)
Saw Gerrera
Greedo
Tag Greenley
General Grievous
HK-47
Jabba the Hutt
General Hux
Mara Jade
Kanan Jarrus
Qi'ra
Qui-Gon Jinn
K-2SO
Maz Kanata
Kyle Katarn
Obi-Wan Kenobi
Kreia
Orson Krennic
Darth Maul
Nien Nunb
Leia Organa
Bink Otauna
Emperor Palpatine
Captain Phasma
Admiral Piett
R2-D2
Kylo Ren (Ben Solo)
Revan
Rey
Captain Rex
Bodhi Rook
Bail Organa
Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader
Luke Skywalker
Supreme Leader Snoke
Han Solo
Jacen Solo
Starkiller
Ahsoka Tano
Grand Moff Tarkin
Grand Admiral Thrawn
Rose Tico
Asajj Ventress
Watto
Wicket W. Warrick
Mace Windu
Yoda
Lists
The Clone Wars characters
Rebels characters
Legends characters
KotOR
Groups
Militaries
Clone trooper
Stormtrooper
Droid Army
Rogue Squadron
Families
Skywalker
Solo
Music Bands
Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes
Max Rebo Band
Planets and moons
Alderaan
Bespin
Coruscant
Dagobah
Endor
Hoth
Jakku
Kashyyyk
Naboo
Tatooine
Yavin
Species
A–E
Bantha
Droid
Ewok
F–J
Hutt
K–O
P–T
Sarlacc
Tusken Raiders
U–Z
Wookiee
List of creatures
Technology
Weapons
Blaster
Death Star
Lightsaber
Terrestrial vehicles
Landspeeder
Speeder bike
Sandcrawler
Walkers
Starfighters
A-wing
B-wing
TIE fighter
X-wing
Y-wing
Spacecraft
Death Star
Millennium Falcon
Mon Calamari cruiser
Star Destroyer
Tantive IV
Other
Clone Wars
Galactic Civil War
Mos Eisley
Mos Eisley Cantina
Book
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
The Clone Wars
Media
Film
Episodes
"Hostage Crisis"
"R2 Come Home/Lethal Trackdown"
"The Gathering"
Darth Maul: Son of Dathomir (2014, comic)
Dark Disciple (2016, novel)
Original characters
Cad Bane
Saw Gerrera
Captain Rex
Ahsoka Tano
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Grievous&oldid=843604722"
Categories:
Extraterrestrial supervillains
Fictional amputees
Fictional characters introduced in 2004
Fictional cyborgs
Fictional generals
Fictional henchmen
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional assassins
Fictional revolutionaries
Fictional swordsmen
Fictional super soldiers
Fictional warlords
Male characters in film
Star Wars CGI characters
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from February 2010
All articles needing additional references
Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Hrvatski
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Slovenščina
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
中文
20 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 May 2018, at 06:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/General_Grivas
mw-redirect
General Grivas

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

values:
/wiki/Star_Wars_expanded_universe
mw-redirect
Star Wars expanded universe

values:
/wiki/Star_Wars_canon
mw-redirect
Star Wars canon

values: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)

values: Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Fictional_character
mw-redirect
Fictional character

values:
/wiki/Force_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Force (Star Wars)

values:
/wiki/Trade_Federation_Cruiser
mw-redirect
Trade Federation Cruiser

values:
/wiki/Anakin_Skywalker
mw-redirect
Anakin Skywalker

values:
/wiki/Utapau_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Utapau (Star Wars)

values:
/wiki/Aayla_Secura
mw-redirect
Aayla Secura

values:
/wiki/Clone_troopers
mw-redirect
Clone troopers

values:
/wiki/Coruscant_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Coruscant (Star Wars)

values:
/wiki/Kamino_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Kamino (Star Wars)

values:
/wiki/Savage_Opress
mw-redirect
Savage Opress

values:
/wiki/Hondo_Ohnaka
mw-redirect
Hondo Ohnaka

values:
/wiki/Kyber_crystal
mw-redirect
Kyber crystal

values:
/wiki/Nute_Gunray
mw-redirect
Nute Gunray

values: Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005 video game)

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (video game)

values:
/wiki/Imperial_stormtrooper
mw-redirect
Imperial stormtrooper

values: Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Lightsaber Duels

values:
/wiki/Star_Wars:_Galaxies
mw-redirect
Star Wars: Galaxies

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars cast members

values: List of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic characters

values: List of Star Wars air, aquatic, and ground vehicles

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars episodes

values: Hostage Crisis (Star Wars: The Clone Wars)

values: The Gathering (Star Wars: The Clone Wars)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2004

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2010

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/General_Grievous
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: الجنرال غريفوس – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: ژنرال گریوس – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: 그리버스 장군 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: גנרל גרייווס – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: グリーヴァス将軍 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grievous
Grievous – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Генерал Гривус – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grievous
Grievous – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: กรีวัส – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Генерал Грівус – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: 格里弗斯将军 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-General_Grievous rootpage-General_Grievous skin-vector action-view


text:
Help
Category:20th-century Indian writers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
See also the preceding Category:19th-century Indian writers and the succeeding Category:21st-century Indian writers
Contents
Top
0–9
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Subcategories
This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.
► 20th-century Indian women writers (514 P)
A
► B. R. Ambedkar (4 C, 23 P)
► Sri Aurobindo (3 C, 42 P)
D
► 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights (538 P)
G
► Mahatma Gandhi (6 C, 37 P, 13 F)
J
► 20th-century Indian Jain writers (11 P)
N
► Narayana Guru (1 C, 50 P)
► Jawaharlal Nehru (2 C, 6 P)
► 20th-century Indian non-fiction writers (5 C, 205 P)
► 20th-century Indian novelists (1 C, 654 P)
P
► 20th-century Indian poets (1,015 P)
S
► 20th-century Indian short story writers (366 P)
T
► Rabindranath Tagore (5 C, 35 P, 1 F)
Pages in category "20th-century Indian writers"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 220 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
(previous page) (next page)
A
Nileena Abraham
Varsha Adalja
Maraimalai Adigal
Smita Agarwal
Pallavi Aiyar
Mirra Alfassa
B. R. Ambedkar
Balamani Amma
T. A. Sarasvati Amma
Syed Waheed Ashraf
Shirish Atre-Pai
B
Sarojini Babar
Tara Ali Baig
Sushmita Banerjee
Dayamani Barla
Richard Bartholomew
Srilatha Batliwala
K. A. Beena
Rachel Beer
Begum Rokeya
Annie Besant
Anita Bharti
Shivani Bhatnagar
Sujata Bhatt
Rajlukshmee Debee Bhattacharya
Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi
Dionne Bunsha
C
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Devyani Chaubal
Amrita Chaudhry
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
Amrita Cheema
Anupama Chopra
D
Vishalakshi Dakshinamurthy
Anila Dalal
Mallika Badrinath
Tarla Dalal
Ruby Daniel
Kusumkumari Das
Binodini Dasi
Datta Tamhane
Bishakha Datta
Sadia Dehlvi
Kamal Desai
Kiran Desai
Tarini Desai
Gauri Deshpande
Shashi Deshpande
Antara Dev Sen
Leela Devi
Vimala Devi
Cho Dharman
Rashmi Doraiswamy
Barkha Dutt
Nirupama Dutt
F
Altaf Fatima
G
Maneka Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
Sunanda Gandhi
Veena George
Agnes Giberne
Pushpa Girimaji
Padma Gole
Gopal Baba Walangkar
Li Gotami Govinda
Gracy (writer)
Ruchira Gupta
H
Dhanashree Halbe
I
Syeda Bilgrami Imam
Gruhalakshmi Swarnakankanam
J
Madhur Jaffrey
Meenakshi Jain
Neelam Jain
Prabhakiran Jain
Kanchinath Jha
Krishnalal Jhaveri
Isha Basant Joshi
Manjari Joshi
Anees Jung
K
Shantabai Kamble
Kundanika Kapadia
Brinda Karat
Rose Kerketta
Sheila Khambadkone
Rini Simon Khanna
Mridula Koshy
Jiddu Krishnamurti
Lakshmi Krishnamurti
G. A. Kulkarni
Kamala Laxman
Meena Kumari
L
Jhumpa Lahiri
Anil Laul
Chindodi Leela
M
Mate Mahadevi
Amita Malik
Shripad Mahadev Mate
Annamma Mathew
Babubhai Mehta
Atmananda Krishna Menon
Mirabehn
Piloo Mody
Akhtar Mohiuddin (writer)
Mrs Balbir Singh
Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri
Mohammad Mujeeb
Anukul Chandra Mukherjee
Nihar Mukherjee
Ganapati Muni
M. Chidananda Murthy
N
Geetha Nagabhushan
Bangalore Nagarathnamma
Sarojini Naidu
Kusum Nair
N. Sreekantan Nair
Leela Nambudiripad
Suniti Namjoshi
Meera Nanda
Ramakrushna Nanda
Sunita Narain
Gopi Chand Narang
Narayana Guru
Narayanacharya
Innaiah Narisetti
Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen
Udaya Tara Nayar
C.R. Neelakandan
Gopaldas Neeraj
Jawaharlal Nehru
Vidyagauri Nilkanth
Jameela Nishat
P
Padmanabhan Palpu
Tarun Chandra Pamegam
K. N. Pandita
P. T. Bhaskara Panicker
K. M. Panikkar
Govind Pansare
Gangadhar Pantawne
Maniben Patel
Heera Pathak
Vimla Patil
Pavanan
Urmila Pawar
A. R. Pillai
K. N. Prabhu
Amrita Pritam
Ram Nath Puri
Q
Sayyid Ahmedullah Qadri
Sayyid Shamsullah Qadri
R
Kumari Radha
C. Rajagopalachari
Poola Tirupati Raju
Moovalur Ramamirtham
Avadhanam Sita Raman
N. S. Ramaswami
Mani Rao
Nirupama Rao
Pamulaparthi Sadasiva Rao
Tapi Dharma Rao
Anantrai Raval
C. Narayana Reddy
G. K. Reddy
Anjum Rehbar
Arundhati Roy
Kamini Roy
S
S. L. Sadhu
Natabar Samantaray
Geeta Sane
Satyam Sankaramanchi
Indira Sant
Acharya Ramlochan Saran
Vilas Sarang
Jagannath Sarkar
Malladi Chandrasekhara Sastry
Vasant Sathe
Satyavati Devi
Savitri Devi
Sukomal Sen
Priti Sengupta
Teesta Setalvad
A. B. Shah
Syed Muhammad Zauqi Shah
Sarjana Sharma
Keshavram Kashiram Shastri
Sana Amin Sheikh
Shanta Shelke
Basti Vaman Shenoy
Tarabai Shinde
Siddalingaiah (poet)
M. N. Singaramma
Dayanita Singh
Nalini Singh
Rajkumar Jhalajit Singh
Kishori Sinha
P. Sivakami
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
K. Srilata
Atima Srivastava
B. V. Subbamma
Chitra Subramaniam
(previous page) (next page)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:20th-century_Indian_writers&oldid=766014028"
Categories:
20th-century Indian people by occupation
20th-century writers
Indian writers by century
20th-century Indian literature
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Category
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Español
فارسی
Türkçe
اردو
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 February 2017, at 18:39.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: href target class

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: mw-headline Contents

value: li

values:
navigation
toc-title-text
toc plainlinks hlist
toc
clear: left;

values: CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory

values: Contains 0 subcategories, 514 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 4 subcategories, 23 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 3 subcategories, 42 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 0 subcategories, 538 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 6 subcategories, 37 pages, and 13 files

values: Contains 0 subcategories, 11 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 1 subcategory, 50 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 2 subcategories, 6 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 5 subcategories, 205 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 1 subcategory, 654 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 0 subcategories, 1,015 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 0 subcategories, 366 pages, and 0 files

values: Contains 5 subcategories, 35 pages, and 1 file

values: Category:20th-century Indian people by occupation

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: تصنيف:كتاب هنود في القرن 20 – Arabic

values: বিষয়শ্রেণী:২০শ শতাব্দীর ভারতীয় লেখক – Bangla

values: Categoría:Escritores de India del siglo XX – Spanish

values: رده:نویسندگان سده ۲۰ (میلادی) اهل هند – Persian

values: Kategori:20. yüzyıl Hint yazarları – Turkish

values: زمرہ:بیسویں صدی کے بھارتی مصنفین – Urdu

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-14 ns-subject page-Category_20th-century_Indian_writers rootpage-Category_20th-century_Indian_writers skin-vector action-view


text:
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (soundtrack)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
Film score by Klaus Badelt
Released
July 22, 2003[1]
Genre
Orchestral
Length
43:50
Label
Walt Disney[1]
Producer
Klaus Badelt, Hans Zimmer
Klaus Badelt chronology
The Time Machine
(2002)The Time Machine2002 The Curse of the Black Pearl
(2003) Constantine
(2005)Constantine2005
Pirates of the Caribbean chronology
The Curse of the Black Pearl
(2003) The Curse of the Black Pearl2003 Pirates Remixed
(2006) Pirates Remixed2006
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic
Empire
Filmtracks
Movie Music UK
Movie Wave
SoundtrackNet
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl soundtrack is the official soundtrack album from the eponymous film. The album was released on July 22 2003, by Walt Disney Records, and contains selections of music from the film score. The music of the film and this album are credited to composer Klaus Badelt and producer Hans Zimmer.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
2 Production
3 Orchestration
4 Kingdom Hearts II
5 Reception
6 References
Track listing[edit]
#
Title
Length
Key Scenes/Notes
1 Fog Bound 2:16 The track begins with a light cello jig before descending into a plodding, suspenseful theme (00:28) that incorporates woodwinds later used to denote the Black Pearl and its cursed crew. The theme reaches a suspenseful climax (approx 01:30) before leading into the film's love theme that continues until the end of the track, segueing directly into "The Medallion Calls".
2 The Medallion Calls 1:53 The track begins as a segue from "Fog Bound", continuing the film's love theme. This gives way to Jack Sparrow's introductory theme (00:16), which is repeated throughout the film series as the character's leitmotif. It dips into a mournful tune (00:57) before rising heroically (01:06) and ending the track with a waltzing melody.
3 The Black Pearl 2:16 The cue starts with a sinister tune and then transfers into an exciting score with notable horns playing.
Despite its title, the cue underscores Jack Sparrow's escape from James Norrington's marines in Port Royal. The main theme appears elsewhere in the score, notably during "Will and Elizabeth".
4 Will & Elizabeth 2:08 The track segues in from "The Black Pearl" with a dramatic note, before rising into the film's main "swashbuckling" theme (00:05). This continues at a fast pace, building until the climax (02:04), where it drops off into "Swords Crossed".
Despite the name, this track underscores the duel between Jack Sparrow and William Turner in the Blacksmith shop.
5 Swords Crossed 3:16 This track plays during Elizabeth's dinner with Barbossa, when she discovers the cursed pirates for the first time.
6 Walk the Plank 1:59 This track opens with a segue from Swords Crossed, then it transitions to Jack and Will preparing to commandeer the Interceptor.
7 Barbossa is Hungry 4:06 This track is used as the action cue for the chase between the HMS Interceptor and the Black Pearl.
8 Blood Ritual 3:33 the first part is played when Pintel & Ragetti reveal Bootstrap's story, while the track's latter part is played as Jack Sparrow and William Turner commandeer the Interceptor from Port Royal.
9 Moonlight Serenade 2:09 The beginning is played when Jack and Elizabeth are marooned. The track ends with an action piece, highlighting the very beginning of the climactic battle.
10 To the Pirates' Cave! 3:31 This track is played when Elizabeth rescues the crew of the Black Pearl in the climatic battles of the film, and earlier in the film during Will and Elizabeth's conversation on the Interceptor
11 Skull and Crossbones 3:24 the cue is played during the duel between Jack Sparrow and Hector Barbossa, and the aftermath of the destruction of the Interceptor. The action part of this track sounds rather different in the film.
12 Bootstrap's Bootstraps 2:39 The track opens with a menacing version of the cursed crew theme, which leads to the main theme heard in He's a Pirate.
Despite its name, taken from Pintel's line concerning William "Bootstrap Bill" Turner being tied to a cannon by his bootstraps, this cue is played during the battle of the Isla de Muerta between the Commodore Norrington and his soldiers of the Royal Navy against the Cursed crew, and the duel between Jack Sparrow and Hector Barbossa.
13 Underwater March 4:12 The beginning of the track plays when the curse is lifted and the pirates are beaten, and the end plays during their underwater march.
14 One Last Shot 4:46 This track is played in the final scenes of the film.
15 He's a Pirate 1:30 This track is played at the beginning of the credits.
Production[edit]
Composer Alan Silvestri was originally hired to write the score for The Curse of the Black Pearl. However, due to creative differences between the producer Jerry Bruckheimer and him, Silvestri left the project and Gore Verbinski asked Hans Zimmer, with whom he had worked on The Ring, to step in. Zimmer declined to do the bulk of the composing, as he was busy scoring The Last Samurai, a project during which he claimed he had promised not to take any other assignments. As a result, he referred Verbinski to Klaus Badelt,[3] a relatively new composer who had been a part of Remote Control Productions (known as Media Ventures at the time) for three years.
Zimmer however ended up collaborating with Badelt to write most of the score's primary themes. Zimmer said he wrote most of the tunes in the space of one night,[4] and then recorded them in an all-synthesized demo credited to him. This demo presents three of the score's themes and motifs, concluding with an early version of "He's A Pirate" which differs from the final cue and includes a development of a melody Zimmer wrote for the score to Drop Zone. Since the schedule was very tight and the music was needed for the film in three weeks, seven other composers — Ramin Djawadi, James Dooley, Nick Glennie-Smith, Steve Jablonsky, Blake Neely, James McKee Smith, and Geoff Zanelli — were called upon to help orchestrate the music and write additional cues. The resulting score was recorded with a group of musicians, credited as the Hollywood Studio Symphony, over the course of four days. The short time frame demanded the use of a different recording studio for each session. The Metro Voices, a male choir, was recorded in London and added to the finished recordings.
The soundtrack album, consisting of 43 minutes of the film's score, was released with Klaus Badelt credited as the composer. The cues were edited for length, and minor changes to the mix were also made. For unknown reasons, the mixing of several cues are executed with gain levels so high that it causes distortion. This is noticeable particularly during the action cues and the reprise of the love theme in track 14, "One Last Shot". It is also noted that besides the first two cues, the tracks' generic names were unrelated to their contents. According to the official website of composer Geoff Zanelli, this was because the production "schedule was so short that [they] had to decide on the track names for the album packaging before the score was even written!"[5]
Badelt was credited as the conductor on early batches of the disc, but it was actually conducted by Blake Neely.
Orchestration[edit]
For the most part, The Curse of the Black Pearl features simple orchestration. Counterpoint is rare; most of the louder music consists of melody, simple harmony, and rhythmic figures in the low brass and low strings. Sampled drum beats including tom-toms and various cymbals are used ubiquitously in such sections. A very low, rumbling bass line was also introduced into the mix to reinforce the cello and double basses. Quieter sections tend to rely either on the string section or on sound effects. Pan flute, possibly synthesized or sampled, and claves can be heard repeatedly in the eerier cues.
One of the defining characteristics of this score's sound is the use of horn for melody. Nearly all of the score's louder sections feature the horns on the melody, frequently doubled by various string instruments.
Kingdom Hearts II[edit]
For the video game Kingdom Hearts II, which features a number of scenes based on the movie, composer Yoko Shimomura arranged a synthesized "He's a Pirate" to serve as the musical theme for all combat in the Port Royal world. This arrangement is identical in structure to the original cue, though a number of changes were made to the melody and chords.
Reception[edit]
The score received mixed reviews from critics.[6] Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com gave it one out of a possible five stars, criticizing its similarities to past Remote Control scores such as The Rock and Gladiator. He also criticized its lack of connections to the "swashbuckling" genre, stating, "The most disgraceful part of the pounding and shouting score for The Curse of the Black Pearl is that there is really nothing swashbuckling about it. If you remove the tepid little thirty-second jig from the start of the opening cue, then this score could easily accompany a movie about alien attacks, police force raids, chases for nuclear weapons, or any other militaristic setting."[7]
Conversely, Andrew Granade of Soundtrack.net gave the score a mostly positive review, giving it a 3.5 out of 5 rating and stating, "Pirates of the Caribbean is over the top in both movie and score, yet in a good-natured way. Badelt's work here is pleasing without being too heavy and is fully melded with the onscreen action."[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Pirates of the Caribbean (Original Soundtrack) by Klaus Badelt". iTunes. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
Jump up ^ "Full cast and crew for 'Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl' (2003)". IMDb. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
Jump up ^ SoundtrackNet : Interview - Hans Zimmer - Part 1
Jump up ^ Schweiger, Daniel (May 16, 2011). "Audio: On The Score With Hans Zimmer". Film Music Magazine. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
Jump up ^ Official website of Geoff Zanelli - See the composer's notes for this project under the Music section. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
Jump up ^ Monger, James Christopher. "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl". Allmusic. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Clemmensen, Christian. "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (Klaus Badelt)". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Granade, Andrew. "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
[show]
v
t
e
Pirates of the Caribbean
Film series
The Curse of the Black Pearl
video game
soundtrack
Dead Man's Chest
video game
soundtrack
At World's End
video game
soundtrack
On Stranger Tides
soundtrack
Dead Men Tell No Tales
soundtrack
Characters
Jack Sparrow
Hector Barbossa
Will Turner
Elizabeth Swann
Joshamee Gibbs
James Norrington
Davy Jones
Pintel and Ragetti
Bootstrap Bill
Cutler Beckett
Tia Dalma
Universe
Black Pearl
Flying Dutchman
Queen Anne's Revenge
Kraken
Locations
Music
List of songs in the film series
"Yo Ho (A Pirate's Life for Me)"
Soundtrack Treasures Collection
Swashbuckling Sea Songs
1966 soundtrack
"He's a Pirate"
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End Remixes
Theme park
attractions
Pirates of the Caribbean
Battle for the Sunken Treasure
The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow
Pirate's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island
Mickey's Pirate and Princess Party
Video games
Pirates of the Caribbean
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow
Pirates of the Caribbean Online
Pirates of the Caribbean Multiplayer Mobile
Kingdom Hearts II
Pirates of the Caribbean: Armada of the Damned
Lego Pirates of the Caribbean: The Video Game
Disney Infinity
Books
Jack Sparrow
Legends of the Brethren Court
The Price of Freedom
Other
Trading Card Game
Pinball machine
Lego Pirates of the Caribbean
Accolades for the film series
Rob Kidd
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Hans Zimmer
Soundtracks
The Lion King
The Thin Red Line
Gladiator
Mission: Impossible 2
Beyond Rangoon
Black Hawk Down
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
Batman Begins
The Da Vinci Code
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
The Simpsons Movie
Pirates of the Caribbean: Soundtrack Treasures Collection
The Dark Knight
Sherlock Holmes
Inception
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
The Dark Knight Rises
Man of Steel
The Lone Ranger
12 Years a Slave
Rush
The Amazing Spider-Man 2
Interstellar
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
Dunkirk
Blade Runner 2049
Related
Discography
Remote Control Productions
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_The_Curse_of_the_Black_Pearl_(soundtrack)&oldid=782139190"
Categories:
2003 soundtracks
Classical music soundtracks
Walt Disney Records soundtracks
Film soundtracks
Hans Zimmer albums
Pirates of the Caribbean music
Film scores
Disney film soundtracks
Hidden categories:
Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Italiano
Nederlands
Polski
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 May 2017, at 04:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

values: The Curse of the Black Pearl Soundtrack.jpg

attrs: colspan style

value: sup

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse

values:
/wiki/Pirates_Remixed
mw-redirect
Pirates Remixed

values: float:right;width:24.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0

values:
/wiki/Media_Ventures
mw-redirect
Media Ventures

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmmusicmag.com/?p=7890

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.geoffzanelli.com

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (video game)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (video game)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (soundtrack)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (video game)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (soundtrack)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (soundtrack)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack)

values: List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters

values: Flying Dutchman (Pirates of the Caribbean)

values: List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean

values: List of songs featured in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series

values: Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean: Swashbuckling Sea Songs

values: Pirates of the Caribbean (1966 soundtrack)

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: Battle for the Sunken Treasure

values: The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow (attraction)

values: List of Pirates of the Caribbean video games

values: Pirates of the Caribbean Multiplayer Mobile

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: Legends of the Brethren Court

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Price of Freedom

values: Pirates of the Caribbean Trading Card Game

values: List of accolades received by the Pirates of the Caribbean film series

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Hans_Zimmer
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (soundtrack)

values: Inception: Music from the Motion Picture

values: Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (soundtrack)

values: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (soundtrack)

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Walt Disney Records soundtracks

values: Category:Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: La maledizione della prima luna (colonna sonora) – Italian

values: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (album) – Dutch

values: Piraci z Karaibów: Klątwa Czarnej Perły (ścieżka dźwiękowa) – Polish

values: Пираты Карибского моря: Проклятие Чёрной жемчужины (саундтрек) – Russian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_The_Curse_of_the_Black_Pearl_soundtrack rootpage-Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_The_Curse_of_the_Black_Pearl_soundtrack vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view