text:
Mount Redoubt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Alaskan volcano. For other uses, see Mount Redoubt (disambiguation).
Mount Redoubt
Steaming at the active summit lava dome on May 8, 2009
Highest point
Elevation
10,197 ft (3,108 m) [1]
Prominence
9,150 ft (2,790 m) [1]
Listing
North America prominent 22nd
Coordinates
60°29′07″N 152°44′35″W / 60.48528°N 152.74306°W / 60.48528; -152.74306Coordinates: 60°29′07″N 152°44′35″W / 60.48528°N 152.74306°W / 60.48528; -152.74306
Geography
Mount Redoubt
Location in Alaska
Location
Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States
Parent range
Chigmit Mountains, Aleutian Range
Geology
Age of rock
890,000 years[2]
Mountain type
Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc/belt
Aleutian Arc
Last eruption
March to July 2009[3]
Climbing
First ascent
1959 by C Deehr, J Gardey, F Kennell, G Wescott[1]
Easiest route
snow/ice climb
U.S. National Natural Landmark
Designated
1976
Locations of volcanoes near Cook Inlet
Redoubt Volcano, or Mount Redoubt, is an active stratovolcano in the largely volcanic Aleutian Range of the U.S. state of Alaska. Located at the head of the Chigmit Mountains subrange in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, the mountain is just west of Cook Inlet, in the Kenai Peninsula Borough about 180 km (110 mi) southwest of Anchorage. At 10,197 feet (3,108 m), in just over 5 miles (8 km) Mount Redoubt attains 9,150 feet (2,700 m) of prominence over its surrounding terrain. It is the highest summit in the Aleutian Range.[4]
Active for millennia, Mount Redoubt has erupted four times since it was first observed: in 1902, 1966, 1989 and 2009, with two questionable eruptions in 1881 and 1933.[5] The eruption in 1989 spewed volcanic ash to a height of 45,000 ft (14,000 m). It caught KLM Flight 867, a Boeing 747 aircraft, in its plume. After the plane descended 13,000 feet, the pilots restarted the engines and landed the plane safely at Anchorage. The ash blanketed an area of about 7,700 sq mi (20,000 km2). The 1989 eruption is also notable for being the first ever volcanic eruption to be successfully predicted by the method of long-period seismic events developed by Swiss/American volcanologist Bernard Chouet.[6] As of August 2015, the Alaska Volcano Observatory has rated Redoubt as Aviation Alert Level Green and Volcano Alert Level Normal.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Geology
3 Eruptions
3.1 Early reports
3.2 1881
3.3 1902
3.4 1989–1990
3.5 2009
3.5.1 Pre-eruption
3.5.2 March 15
3.5.3 Emissions
3.5.4 Large scale eruptions begin
4 See also
5 References
6 External links and resources
Name[edit]
The official name of the mountain is Redoubt Volcano,[8] a translation of the Russian name "Sopka Redutskaya", referring to, as does the word "redoubt", "a fortified place". A local name, "Ujakushatsch", also means "fortified place", but it is difficult to determine if one name is derived from the other. The Board on Geographic Names decided on the name "Redoubt Volcano" in 1891.[8]
The Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution refers to the mountain simply as "Redoubt", and lists the following as alternate names: Burnt Mountain, Goreloi, Mirando, Ujakushatsch, Viesokaia and Yjakushatsch.[2] The Alaska Volcano Observatory also uses simply "Redoubt"; it lists the same alternate names in addition to the following: Goryalaya; Redoute Mtn.; and Redutskaya, Sopka.[9]
Geology[edit]
A chunk of andesite thrown from the volcano in 2009 is seen on display at the Anchorage Museum in March 2011.
The volcano is about 3.7 miles (6.0 km) in diameter at its base with a rough volume of 7.2 to 8.4 cu mi (30–35 km3). The sides of the upper cone are relatively steep (in comparison to volcanoes in general). Made up of pyroclastic flow deposits and lava flows, and resting on Mesozoic era rocks of the Aleutian Mountain Range batholith, the mountain has been somewhat weathered by movement of several glaciers that reside on it. The current main vent is on the north side of the crater by the head of the Drift glacier. Also present on the mountain are Holocene lahar deposits that extend as far as the Cook Inlet.[10] This mountain has produced andesite, basalt and dacite, with relatively silicic andesite dominant in recent eruptions.[11]
Eruptions[edit]
North face in 1980
Early reports[edit]
Captain James Cook saw Mt. Redoubt during the summer of 1778, describing it as "emitting a white smoke but no fire which made some think it was no more than a white thick cloud such as we have frequently seen on the Coast, for the most part appearing on the sides of hills and often extends along a whole range and at different times falls or rises, expands or contracts itself and has a resemblance to Clouds of white smoke. But this besides being too small for one of those clouds, remained as it were fixed in the same spot for the whole time the Mountain was clear which was above 48 hours." However, several sources call this a "discredited eruption".[12] There are several other of these activities that are not called eruptions.
In 1819, smoke was observed at the mountain. However, this is often not recorded as an eruption as the information was insufficient to identify it as such.[13] Similarly, in 2003, a blowing cloud of snow was mistaken by an employee of the ConocoPhillips Building in Anchorage for an ash plume.[14] Possible steam-vapor let off was observed in 1933 at the mountain.[15]
April 21, 1990 eruption cloud (to a height of about 9 km)[16] from Redoubt Volcano as viewed to the west from the Kenai Peninsula
Fumaroles observed on the side of Mount Redoubt on January 31, 2009
Fumarole on March 21, 2009, the day before the eruption
A plume of vapor from Mt Redoubt as seen from space on 5 May 2009.
1881[edit]
There was apparently an eruption described as "to the eastward, Redoubt Volcano, 11,060 feet (3,370 m) high, is constantly smoking, with periods of exaggerated activity. Fire has been seen issuing from its summit far out at sea. A great eruption took place in 1881, when a party of native hunters half-way up its slopes were overwhelmed by a lava-flow and only two escaped." However, this eruption is not well documented by other sources.[17]
1902[edit]
The volcano erupted rather abruptly in 1902, spewing out ash from January 18 to June 21 in the year. A local newspaper stated, "Word has just been received that Redoubt, one of the volcanoes at Cook's Inlet had an eruption on January 18, and the country for 150 miles (240 km) around was covered with ashes and lava. The news comes from Sunrise, but nothing definite has been ascertained as to whether any damage was done, for no boats have as yet been in the neighborhood of the volcano." There were many other news reports on the eruption, one describing the eruption as "a terrific earthquake which burst the mountain asunder leaving a large gap," which could possibly suggest the crack formation in the volcano's crater, however, it is unlikely. Supposedly, the volcano was ejecting "flames" from its caldera, and the eruption terrified natives in the area. Newspapers seemed to suggest that the ash had traveled for more than 150 miles (240 km), reaching the opposite side of the Cook Inlet.[18]
1989–1990[edit]
The volcano erupted on December 14, 1989, and continued to erupt for over six months.[19] Sudden melting of snow and ice at the summit caused by pyroclastic flows and dome collapses caused lahars, or mudflows, which flowed down the north flank of the mountain. A majority of the mudflows coursed to Cook Inlet, about 22 miles (35 km) from the volcano. The lahars entered a nearby river, worrying officials that they might destroy an oil storage facility located along it.[20]
Since lahars were produced repeatedly, scientists realized that they could use these to analyze a trial period for a newly developed device proposed to measure the movement of rocks against each other. This device, now known as an Acoustic Flow Monitor, alerts nearby stations to possible lahars.[20]
The eruption also caused an airliner to have all four engines fail after a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet operated by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines flew into a cloud of volcanic ash.[21] Damage from the eruption was estimated at $160 million,[22] the second costliest volcanic eruption in United States history.[19]
2009[edit]
Pre-eruption[edit]
On January 30, 2009, scientists from the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) warned that an eruption was imminent, sending experienced Alaskans shopping for protection against a dusty shower of volcanic ash that could descend on south-central Alaska.
By January 31, volcanic earthquakes increased to several per hour,[23] and a large hole in the glacier on the side of the mountain was spotted.[24] Scientists began to monitor seismic data from the mountain twenty-four hours a day in an effort to warn people in nearby communities.[25] A flyover conducted by the AVO detected "significant steaming from a new melt depression at the mouth of the summit crater near the vent area of the 1989-90 eruption."[26]
March 15[edit]
Seismic activity at Redoubt increased beginning about 13:01 ATZ. An AVO observation flight reported that a steam and ash plume rose as high as 15,000 feet (4,600 m) above sea level and produced minor ash fall on the upper south flank of Redoubt. Later reports were that the plume was then mainly steam.
On the basis of this change in activity, AVO increased the level of concern and alert level to ORANGE/WATCH.
Emissions[edit]
The material ejected from the volcano mainly consisted of water vapor, along with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Further study by airborne monitors suggests that the materials were not oxidized much, and little of the concentration contained sulfates, less than 20%.[27]
Large scale eruptions begin[edit]
Main article: 2009 Mount Redoubt eruptive activity
Mount Redoubt erupted explosively late in the evening of March 22, 2009.[28] AVO has recorded numerous volcanic eruptions and/or explosions at Redoubt volcano.
See also[edit]
North America portal
United States portal
Alaska portal
Mountains portal
Volcanoes portal
List of mountain peaks of North America
List of mountain peaks of the United States
List of mountain peaks of Alaska
List of Ultras of the United States
List of volcanoes in the United States
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Redoubt Volcano". Bivouac.com. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "Redoubt". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
Jump up ^ Alaska Volcano Observatory [1]. Retrieved on 2009-10-2.
Jump up ^ "Aleutian Ranges". peakbagger. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
Jump up ^ "Redoubt - Historic eruptions".
Jump up ^ Chouet, Bernard (1996-03-28). "Long-period volcano seismicity: its sources and use in eruption forecasting". Nature. 380 (6572): 309–316. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..309C. doi:10.1038/380309a0.
Jump up ^ "Alaska Volcano Observatory - Redoubt - Activity Page". Retrieved 2009-12-29.
^ Jump up to: a b "Feature Detail Report for: Redoubt Volcano". USGS. January 1, 2000. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
Jump up ^ Alaska Volcano Observatory contributors. "Redoubt—Introduction". USGS. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
Jump up ^ Miller; et al. (1998). Catalog of the Historically Active Volcanoes of Alaska. USGS.
Jump up ^ Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Map, Facts and Eruption Pictures
Jump up ^ Alaska Volcano Observatory contributors. "Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1778". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
Jump up ^ Alaska Volcano Observatory contributors. "Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1819". USGS. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
Jump up ^ Alaska Volcano Observatory contributors. "Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 2003". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
Jump up ^ AVO contributors. "Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1933". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
Jump up ^ "Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network; volume 15 number 4 (April 1990)". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 1990. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ AVO contributors. "Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1881". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
Jump up ^ AVO contributors. "Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1902". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
^ Jump up to: a b (Subscription) Jennifer Nagorka (December 24, 1990). "Redoubt rumblings: Seismic data gathered at Alaska volcano help scientists hone prediction techniques". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
^ Jump up to: a b USGS contributors (2008-10-11). "1989–90 Eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, and the First Test Case of a USGS Lahar-Detection System". USGS. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
Jump up ^ "Redoubt Ash Cloud Forces Dutch 747 to Land". Deseret News. 1989-12-16. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
Jump up ^ "Alaska Natural Productions:Mount Redoubt Information Page". Alaska Natural Productions. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
Jump up ^ "Volcano Could Blow Any Minute". SKY News. January 30, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Joling, Dan. "Scientist see holes in glacier at Alaska volcano". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Alaska volcano has geologists on alert". ctv.ca. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Alaska Volcano Observatory Current Status Report Saturday, January 31, 2009 11:54 AM AKST". Alaska Volcano Observatory. January 31, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
Jump up ^ Peter V. Hobbs; Lawrence F. Radke; Jamie H. Lyons; Roland J. Ferek; Derek J. Coffman; Thomas J. Casadevall (October 1991). "Airborne measurements of particle and gas emissions from the 1990 volcanic eruptions of Mount Redoubt". Journal of Geophysical Research. 96: 18735–18752. Bibcode:1991JGR....9618735H. doi:10.1029/91JD01635.
Jump up ^ "Redoubt Activity". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
External links and resources[edit]
Wikinews has related news: Alaskan Mount Redoubt volcano erupts
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mount Redoubt (Alaska).
Alaska Volcano Observatory (to follow 2009 volcanic activity by geologists reports)
Live updates from the AVO Twitter page
Webcams:
Redoubt Volcano Webcam, USGS (intermittently available). View of north flank of Redoubt from AVO's Redoubt Hut, approximately 7.5 mi (12 km) from Redoubt's summit crater.
Redoubt-CI webcam, Chevron via Alaska Volcano Observatory. View of northeast face from Oil Platform Anna in Gompertz Channel of Cook Inlet at 60°58′36″N 151°18′54″W / 60.97667°N 151.31500°W / 60.97667; -151.31500 (Oil Platform Anna), approximately 100 km (60 mi) NE of mountain.
Daily Time-lapse animation of the Mount Redoubt Hut Web Cam
Mount Redoubt Seismic Webicorders (near-real time seismic record from station near peak)
Satellite imagery of the 23, 24, and 26 March 2009 eruptions (CIMSS Satellite Blog)
Time lapse video and photos of the March 27, 2009, eruption, taken from Ninilchik
BBC page with footage and links to other pages on the volcano
Large-format photo essay of the Mount Redoubt eruption from "The Big Picture" blog on Boston.com.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Redoubt&oldid=820403014"
Categories:
Volcanoes of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Mountains of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Stratovolcanoes of the United States
Active volcanoes
Volcanoes of Alaska
Mountains of Alaska
Highest points of United States national parks
Lake Clark National Park and Preserve
Aleutian Range
20th-century volcanic events
Hidden categories:
Articles using GVP links in vnum format
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows
Good articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiversity
Languages
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Kurdî
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
اردو
中文
18 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 January 2018, at 15:14.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: href title

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Mount_Redoubt_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Mount Redoubt (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;

attrs: scope style

values: padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;

values: padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;

values: List of the most prominent summits of North America

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_USA_Alaska.png
image
Mount Redoubt is located in Alaska

values: padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em; width:248px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto

values: text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;

values: border:4px solid #ACE1AF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Active_volcano
mw-redirect
Active volcano

values: Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport

values:
/wiki/Volcano_warning_schemes
mw-redirect
Volcano warning schemes

values:
/wiki/Board_on_Geographic_Names
mw-redirect
Board on Geographic Names

values: An oblong piece of gray rock is displayed atop a black pillar, secured to it by an encircling length of plastic cord.

values:
/wiki/Mesozoic_era
mw-redirect
Mesozoic era

values:
/wiki/Volcanic_vent
mw-redirect
Volcanic vent

values:
/wiki/KLM_Royal_Dutch_Airlines
mw-redirect
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines

values: Edit section: Large scale eruptions begin

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: List of mountain peaks of the United States

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2F380309a0

values:
nofollow
http://geology.com/volcanoes/redoubt/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1029%2F91JD01635

values: -moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Edit section: External links and resources

values: wikinews:Alaskan Mount Redoubt volcano erupts

values:
nofollow
external text
https://twitter.com/alaska_avo

values:
nofollow
external text
http://zeitcam.com/webcam/mount_redoubt

values: Category:Volcanoes of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska

values: Category:Mountains of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska

values: Category:Stratovolcanoes of the United States

values: Category:Highest points of United States national parks

values: Category:Lake Clark National Park and Preserve

values: Category:Articles using GVP links in vnum format

values: Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Mount_Redoubt
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoubt
Redoubt – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: کوه ردابت – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: 리다우트 산 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: リダウト山 (アラスカ州) – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Редаут – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: ماؤنٹ ریڈوبٹ – Urdu

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Mount_Redoubt rootpage-Mount_Redoubt skin-vector action-view


text:
The D.O.C.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The D.O.C.
Birth name
Tracy Lynn Curry
Also known as
Doc-T, The Diggy Diggy Doc
Born
(1968-06-10) June 10, 1968 (age 49)
Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Origin
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres
Hip-hop, gangsta rap, G-funk, West Coast hip hop
Occupation(s)
Rapper, songwriter, vocalist, record producer
Years active
1986–present
Labels
Ruthless, Atco, Atlantic, Death Row
Associated acts
Fila Fresh Crew, Eazy-E, N.W.A, Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg
Tracy Lynn Curry (born June 10, 1968), better known by his stage name The D.O.C., is an American rapper from Dallas. In addition to a solo career, he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A, where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It. He has also worked with Dr. Dre, who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums.
After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987, The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career. In 1989, he released his debut album, No One Can Do It Better, which reached number-one on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart: "It's Funky Enough" and "The D.O.C. & The Doctor". The album went platinum five years after its release. In late 1989, months after the release of No One Can Do It Better, The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx, permanently changing his voice. Since his recovery, he has released two more albums, Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003. Since 2006, The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
1.1 Early career and No One Can Do It Better (1986–1989)
1.2 Accident and aftermath (1989–2006)
1.3 Surgery and Voices (2006–present)
2 Personal life
3 Media appearances
4 Discography
4.1 Studio albums
4.2 Collaborative albums
5 References
Career[edit]
Early career and No One Can Do It Better (1986–1989)[edit]
The D.O.C. was a natural, by far the most gifted rapper I have ever heard. You can talk all you want about Slick Rick or Rakim. The D.O.C.'s machine-gun mouth takes the title. No one could do it better.
Jerry Heller on The D.O.C.[1]
Curry began his career as a member of Fila Fresh Crew, a hip hop group that was originally based in Dallas, Texas. While in the group, The D.O.C was known as Doc-T. The group had four tracks featured on the compilation album N.W.A and the Posse, which was released in 1987 and featured various other artists. The same four tracks would later appear on the group's album Tuffest Man Alive, released in 1988. However, shortly afterward the group disbanded.
After leaving the Fila Fresh Crew, Doc-T moved to Los Angeles and changed his stage name to The D.O.C.. He was signed to Ruthless Records and contributed lyrics to N.W.A's debut album, Straight Outta Compton, Eazy-E's debut, Eazy-Duz-It and co-wrote "Keep Watchin'" from Michel'le's self-titled debut album (all three produced by Dr. Dre). In 1989, The D.O.C. released his Dr. Dre-produced debut album, No One Can Do It Better. The album was very well received by critics, and sold very well, peaking at number 20 on the Billboard 200, eventually going platinum.[2] Allmusic gives the album a five-star rating and describes it as "an early landmark of West Coast Rap" as well as "an undeniable masterpiece".
Accident and aftermath (1989–2006)[edit]
In November 1989, five months after the release of No One Can Do It Better, Curry was involved in a near-fatal car accident. Driving home from a party, he fell asleep at the wheel and his car veered off the freeway. Curry, who was not wearing a seat belt, was thrown out the rear window, slamming face first into a tree. His injuries required 21 hours of plastic surgery, and he spent 2½ weeks in the hospital. He couldn't speak for about a month, and he was left with a different, raspier voice.[3]
The D.O.C. continued to write for N.W.A and contributed lyrics and minor vocals to their final album Niggaz4Life and their 1990 EP 100 Miles and Runnin', where he co-wrote all the songs except for "Just Don't Bite It" and "Kamurshol".
In 1991, The D.O.C left Ruthless Records along with Dr. Dre and Michel'le to sign with newly founded Death Row Records. Dr. Dre also used his talents as one of the writers for his debut solo album The Chronic, contributing to the tracks "Lil' Ghetto Boy", "A Nigga Witta Gun", and "Bitches Ain't Shit". He also appeared on the skit track "The $20 Sack Pyramid". He is referenced by name in "Nuthin' but a G Thang", and appears in the song's video as well. The liner notes to The Chronic say, "I want to give a special shout out to The D.O.C. for talking me into doin' this album." His name is mentioned by Snoop Dogg in the intro of the album. ("Peace to da D.O.C., still makin' it funky enough").
The D.O.C. was the guy that came up with those great stories. He was probably the single most influential person in gangsta rap.
Dick Griffey CEO of SOLAR Records on The D.O.C. [4]
In addition to The Chronic, The D.O.C. worked on Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle, and added some vocals on the song "Serial Killa". The D.O.C. continued to be a ghostwriter for various songs on Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg albums.
In 1996, The D.O.C attempted a comeback following the car crash which severely damaged his vocal cords. The album, titled "Helter Skelter", was widely ignored and has even been discredited by D.O.C himself.[5] The name of the album is a reference to Charles Manson's idea of The Beatles' "Helter Skelter" prophesying the end of the world.
The title and concept behind this album were originally developed by Dr. Dre as a collaborative effort between him and Ice Cube, titled Heltah Skeltah. At that time however, The D.O.C. had become disillusioned with Death Row Records and Dre, having received no payment for his work ghostwriting at Death Row[citation needed]. So in late 1994, D.O.C. decided to leave Death Row and headed to Atlanta. Taking lyrics he had already written for Heltah Skeltah, he recorded Helter Skelter, keeping the name to spite Dre.[5] His lyrics were inspired by the writings of Milton William Cooper. Especially noticeable in songs Secret Plan and Welcome to the New World.
On July 20, 2000, The D.O.C. appeared on stage with Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg at The Centrum in Worcester, Massachusetts during the Up in Smoke Tour.[6]
In 2003, The D.O.C released his third album entitled "Deuce". The only single released from Deuce was "The Shit", which features fellow former-N.W.A members MC Ren and Ice Cube, along with Snoop Dogg and Six-Two.
The album was originally meant to be a Six-Two album, completely produced by Dr. Dre and released through Aftermath Entertainment. However, D.O.C. and Dre argued over whether D.O.C. should be rapping on the album.[7] The D.O.C.'s presence on this album is minimal however, making an appearance to introduce tracks or perform in skits such as "My Prayer" and "Souliloquy". Deuce focuses primarily on showcasing other artists on D.O.C.'s Silverback Records label, including U.P.-T.I.G.H.T., El Dorado, and in particular, Six-Two.
Surgery and Voices (2006–present)[edit]
In December 2006, The D.O.C. revealed that he was working on his fourth album, entitled Voices, and stated that it would be released after Dr. Dre's upcoming fourth album Detox, which has since been scrapped in favor of Compton.[8] In a May 2008 interview, The D.O.C. stated that he and Dre were working on the album, explaining "There is an album, and you got the title, but that's also because that's the title Dre likes. Dre and I decided to do another D.O.C. album after this Detox record. We decided to do one more together and end our story the right way."[9][10]
According to a 2009 interview, Snoop Dogg assisted The D.O.C. in seeking a voice therapist. It was found that The D.O.C.'s vocal cords are not irreparably severed or crushed, and that his voice could still be surgically restored by up to 70%.
After the release of the biopic Straight Outta Compton, the D.O.C. revealed that his natural voice had returned if he had concentrated, and that he recorded new music, although he was not ready to release anything yet. Although he is not mentioned in the songwriting credits, the D.O.C. claimed that he helped write Dr. Dre's third album Compton.[11]
Personal life[edit]
The D.O.C. dated Erykah Badu for several years but never married. Together they have a daughter named Puma Curry, born on July 5, 2004. Prior to Badu The D.O.C. dated Shannon Hendricks while living in Pasadena California. They never had children. [12]
Media appearances[edit]
The song "It's Funky Enough" has appeared on popular video games Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, True Crime: Streets of LA and Madden 2005. Also, "Whirlwind Pyramid" appeared on Tony Hawk's Underground 2 and "The Formula" appeared on True Crime: Streets of LA. And his song "Mind Blowin'" was part of the NBA Live 2005 soundtrack.
He made a guest appearance in Shyne's music-video for the song "That's Gangsta", which samples the same beat D.O.C. uses for his first hit "It's Funky Enough", Foster Sylvers's "Misdemeanor". The song "Lend Me An Ear" was featured on Lakai skate shoe's video "Fully Flared".
He made an appearance in the documentary "We From Dallas" (2014) – a film dedicated to telling the history of hip hop from the Dallas perspective.
The D.O.C. is portrayed by actor Marlon Yates, Jr. in the 2015 N.W.A biopic Straight Outta Compton.
Discography[edit]
Main article: The D.O.C. discography
Studio albums[edit]
No One Can Do It Better (1989)
Helter Skelter (1996)
Deuce (2003)
Collaborative albums[edit]
N.W.A. and the Posse (with N.W.A) (1987)
Tuffest Man Alive (with Fila Fresh Crew) (1988)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Heller, Jerry (2007). Ruthless: A Memoir. Gallery. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4169-1794-6.
Jump up ^ Steve Huey. "The D.O.C.: No One Can Do It Better". Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "The D.O.C. Finds His Own Voice : Pop Beat: A 1989 auto accident could have ended his career but today the rapper's back with a new sound." latimes. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Welcome To Death Row Documentary "Welcome To Death Row" (Interview).
^ Jump up to: a b Curry, Tracy (2002-03-19). "From Ruthless To Death Row" (Interview). Interview with ThaFormula.Com.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived January 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "// The D.O.C. Interview (Part 1) (April 2008) // West Coast News Network //". Dubcnn.com. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
Jump up ^ "dubcnn.com // The D.O.C. Interview (December 2006) // West Coast News Network //". dubcnn.com. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "dubcnn.com // The D.O.C. Interview (Part 1) (April 2008) // West Coast News Network //". dubcnn.com. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "dubcnn.com // The D.O.C. Interview (Part 2) (May 2008) // West Coast News Network //". dubcnn.com. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "The DOC speaks of getting his voice back". Vice. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "The D.O.C." IMDb. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
[show]
v
t
e
The D.O.C.
Studio albums
No One Can Do It Better
Helter Skelter
Deuce
Singles
"It's Funky Enough"
"The Formula"
Other songs
"Bitches Ain't Shit"
Related articles
Discography
N.W.A
Dr. Dre
Eazy-E
Ruthless Records
Death Row Records
[show]
v
t
e
N.W.A
Arabian Prince
DJ Yella
Dr. Dre
Eazy-E
Ice Cube
MC Ren
Studio albums
Straight Outta Compton
Niggaz4Life
Extended plays
100 Miles and Runnin'
Compilations
N.W.A. and the Posse
Greatest Hits
10th Anniversary Tribute
The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1
The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2
The Strength of Street Knowledge
Family Tree
Singles
"Panic Zone"
"Straight Outta Compton"
"Gangsta Gangsta"
"Express Yourself"
"100 Miles and Runnin'"
"Alwayz into Somethin'"
"Appetite for Destruction"
"The Dayz Of Wayback"
"Chin Check"
Other songs
"Fuck tha Police"
Films
Niggaz4Life: The Only Home Video
Straight Outta Compton
Straight Outta L.A.
Related articles
Discography
Songs
Ruthless Records
Jerry Heller
The D.O.C.
Compton, California
Book:N.W.A
[show]
v
t
e
Ruthless Records
Key people
Eazy-E (founder)
Jerry Heller (co-founder)
Albums
Ruthless Records Tenth Anniversary: Decade of Game
Related
Ruthless Records discography
N.W.A
Priority Records
Authority control
MusicBrainz: 535f74d5-8328-40ff-9cea-568ef916b3c8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_D.O.C.&oldid=824793136"
Categories:
1968 births
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
African-American rappers
Atco Records artists
Giant Records (Warner) artists
Rappers from Dallas
West Coast hip hop musicians
Gangsta rappers
Ruthless Records artists
Southern hip hop musicians
Living people
G-funk artists
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with hCards
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2008
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Български
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Hrvatski
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 9 February 2018, at 14:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

values:
/wiki/Dallas,_Texas
mw-redirect
Dallas, Texas

values:
/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California
mw-redirect
Los Angeles, California

values:
/wiki/Gangster_rap
mw-redirect
Gangster rap

values:
/wiki/The_D.O.C._%26_The_Doctor
mw-redirect
The D.O.C. & The Doctor

values: Edit section: Early career and No One Can Do It Better (1986–1989)

values: float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; width:30%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFFFF0;

values:
/wiki/N.W.A_and_the_Posse
mw-redirect
N.W.A and the Posse

values: Edit section: Accident and aftermath (1989–2006)

values:
/wiki/The_Chronic_Intro
mw-redirect
The Chronic Intro

values: float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; width:30%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFFFF0;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2008)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/The_Centrum
mw-redirect
The Centrum

values: Edit section: Surgery and Voices (2006–present)

values:
/wiki/Detox_(Dr._Dre_album)
mw-redirect
Detox (Dr. Dre album)

values:
/wiki/Madden_2005
mw-redirect
Madden 2005

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1279136/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
The_D.O.C.
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
N.W.A
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: Straight Outta Compton: N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute

values: The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2008

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_D.O.C.
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Трейси Лин Къри – Bulgarian

values: הדי או סי – Hebrew

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_D_O_C rootpage-The_D_O_C skin-vector action-view