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Hyperglycemia
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Not to be confused with the opposite disorder, hypoglycemia.
Hyperglycemia
White hexagons in the image represent glucose molecules, which are increased in the lower image.
Specialty
Endocrinology
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar (also spelled hyperglycaemia or hyperglycæmia) is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. This is generally a blood sugar level higher than 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl), but symptoms may not start to become noticeable until even higher values such as 15–20 mmol/l (~250–300 mg/dl). A subject with a consistent range between ~5.6 and ~7 mmol/l (100–126 mg/dl) (American Diabetes Association guidelines) is considered slightly hyperglycemic, while above 7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) is generally held to have diabetes. For diabetics, glucose levels that are considered to be too hyperglycemic can vary from person to person, mainly due to the person's renal threshold of glucose and overall glucose tolerance. On average however, chronic levels above 10–12 mmol/L (180–216 mg/dl) can produce noticeable organ damage over time.
Contents
1 Signs and symptoms
1.1 Complications
2 Causes
2.1 Diabetes mellitus
2.2 Drugs
2.3 Critical illness
2.4 Stress
2.5 Mechanism
3 Diagnosis
3.1 Monitoring
4 Treatment
5 Etymology
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Signs and symptoms[edit]
The degree of hyperglycemia can change over time depending on the metabolic cause, for example, impaired glucose tolerance or fasting glucose, and it can depend on treatment.[1] Temporary hyperglycemia is often benign and asymptomatic. Blood glucose levels can rise well above normal and cause pathological and functional changes for significant periods without producing any permanent effects or symptoms. [1] During this asymptomatic period, an abnormality in carbohydrate metabolism can occur which can be tested by measuring plasma glucose. [1] However, chronic hyperglycemia at above normal levels can produce a very wide variety of serious complications over a period of years, including kidney damage, neurological damage, cardiovascular damage, damage to the retina or damage to feet and legs. Diabetic neuropathy may be a result of long-term hyperglycemia. Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infection can occur as a result of chronic hyperglycemia.[1]
Acute hyperglycemia involving glucose levels that are extremely high is a medical emergency and can rapidly produce serious complications (such as fluid loss through osmotic diuresis). It is most often seen in persons who have uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes.
The following symptoms may be associated with acute or chronic hyperglycemia, with the first three composing the classic hyperglycemic triad:
Polyphagia – frequent hunger, especially pronounced hunger
Polydipsia – frequent thirst, especially excessive thirst
Polyuria – increased volume of urination (not an increased frequency for urination)
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Restlessness
Weight loss
Poor wound healing (cuts, scrapes, etc.)
Dry mouth
Dry or itchy skin
Tingling in feet or heels
Erectile dysfunction
Recurrent infections, external ear infections (swimmer's ear)
Cardiac arrhythmia
Stupor
Coma
Seizures
Frequent hunger without other symptoms can also indicate that blood sugar levels are too low. This may occur when people who have diabetes take too much oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin for the amount of food they eat. The resulting drop in blood sugar level to below the normal range prompts a hunger response.
Polydipsia and polyuria occur when blood glucose levels rise high enough to result in excretion of excess glucose via the kidneys, which leads to the presence of glucose in the urine. This produces an osmotic diuresis.
Signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis may include:
Ketoacidosis
Kussmaul hyperventilation (deep, rapid breathing)
Confusion or a decreased level of consciousness
Dehydration due to glycosuria and osmotic diuresis
Increased thirst
'Fruity' smelling breath odor
Nausea and vomiting
Impairment of cognitive function, along with increased sadness and anxiety[2][3]
Weight loss
Hyperglycemia caused a decrease in cognitive performance, specifically in processing speed, executive function, and performance.[4] Decreased cognitive performance may cause forgetfulness and concentration loss.[4]
Complications[edit]
In untreated hyperglycemia, a condition called ketoacidosis may develop because decreased insulin levels increase the activity of hormone sensitive lipase.[5] The degradation of triacylglycerides by hormone-sensitive lipase produces free fatty acids that are eventually converted to acetyl-coA by beta-oxidation.
Ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition which requires immediate treatment. Symptoms include: shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity (such as pear drops), nausea and vomiting, and very dry mouth. Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease or history of heart failure.[6]
Also, life-threatening consequences of hyperglycemia is nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome.[1]
Causes[edit]
Diabetes mellitus[edit]
Chronic hyperglycemia that persists even in fasting states is most commonly caused by diabetes mellitus. In fact, chronic hyperglycemia is the defining characteristic of the disease. Intermittent hyperglycemia may be present in prediabetic states. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia without an obvious cause may indicate developing diabetes or a predisposition to the disorder.
In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia is usually caused by low insulin levels (Diabetes mellitus type 1) and/or by resistance to insulin at the cellular level (Diabetes mellitus type 2), depending on the type and state of the disease. Low insulin levels and/or insulin resistance prevent the body from converting glucose into glycogen (a starch-like source of energy stored mostly in the liver), which in turn makes it difficult or impossible to remove excess glucose from the blood. With normal glucose levels, the total amount of glucose in the blood at any given moment is only enough to provide energy to the body for 20–30 minutes, and so glucose levels must be precisely maintained by the body's internal control mechanisms. When the mechanisms fail in a way that allows glucose to rise to abnormal levels, hyperglycemia is the result.
Ketoacidosis may be the first symptom of immune-mediated diabetes, particularly in children and adolescents. [1] Also, patients with immune-mediated diabetes, can change from modest fasting hyperglycemia to severe hyperglycemia and even ketoacidosis as a result of stress or an infection. [1]
Drugs[edit]
Certain medications increase the risk of hyperglycemia, including corticosteroids, octreotide, beta blockers, epinephrine, thiazide diuretics, statins, niacin, pentamidine, protease inhibitors, L-asparaginase,[7] and antipsychotics.[8] The acute administration of stimulants such as amphetamines typically produces hyperglycemia; chronic use, however, produces hypoglycemia. Some of the newer psychiatric medications, such as Zyprexa (Olanzapine) and Cymbalta (Duloxetine), can also cause significant hyperglycemia.
Thiazides are used to treat type 2 diabetes but it also causes severe hyperglycemia. [1]
Critical illness[edit]
A high proportion of patients suffering an acute stress such as stroke or myocardial infarction may develop hyperglycemia, even in the absence of a diagnosis of diabetes. (Or perhaps stroke or myocardial infarction was caused by hyperglycemia and undiagnosed diabetes.) Human and animal studies suggest that this is not benign, and that stress-induced hyperglycemia is associated with a high risk of mortality after both stroke and myocardial infarction.[9]
Somatostatinomas and aldosteronoma-induced hypokalemia can cause hyperglycemia but usually disappears after the removal of the tumour. [1]
Stress[edit]
The following conditions can also cause hyperglycemia in the absence of diabetes. 1) Dysfunction of the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands 2) Numerous diseases of the pancreas 3) Severe increases in blood glucose may be seen in sepsis and certain infections 4) Intracranial diseases (frequently overlooked) can also cause hyperglycemia. Encephalitis, brain tumors (especially those located near the pituitary gland), brain bleeds, and meningitis are prime examples. 5) Mild to high blood sugar levels are often seen in convulsions and terminal stages of many diseases. Prolonged, major surgeries can temporarily increase glucose levels.[citation needed] Certain forms of severe stress and physical trauma can increase levels for a brief time as well yet rarely exceeds 6.6 mmol/l (120 mg/dl).
Mechanism[edit]
Hormones such as the growth hormone, glucagon, cortisol and catecholamines, can cause hyperglycemia when they are present in the body in excess amounts. [1] Also, increased proinflammatory cytokines that interrupt carbohydrate metabolism, leading to excessive glucose production and reduced uptake in tissues, can cause hyperglycemia. [10]
Diagnosis[edit]
Monitoring[edit]
It is critical for patients who monitor glucose levels at home to be aware of which units of measurement their testing kit uses. Glucose levels are measured in either:
Millimoles per liter (mmol/l) is the SI standard unit used in most countries around the world.
Milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) is used in some countries such as the United States, Japan, France, Egypt and Colombia.
Scientific journals are moving towards using mmol/l; some journals now use mmol/l as the primary unit but quote mg/dl in parentheses.[11]
Glucose levels vary before and after meals, and at various times of day; the definition of "normal" varies among medical professionals. In general, the normal range for most people (fasting adults) is about 4 to 6 mmol/l or 80 to 110 mg/dl. (where 4 mmol/l or 80 mg/dl is "optimal".) A subject with a consistent range above 7 mmol/l or 126 mg/dl is generally held to have hyperglycemia, whereas a consistent range below 4 mmol/l or 70 mg/dl is considered hypoglycemic. In fasting adults, blood plasma glucose should not exceed 7 mmol/l or 126 mg/dL. Sustained higher levels of blood sugar cause damage to the blood vessels and to the organs they supply, leading to the complications of diabetes.[12]
Chronic hyperglycemia can be measured via the HbA1c test. The definition of acute hyperglycemia varies by study, with mmol/l levels from 8 to 15 (mg/dl levels from 144 to 270).[13]
Defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, results in hyperglycemia. [14]
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of hyperglycemia requires elimination of the underlying cause, such as diabetes. Acute hyperglycemia can be treated by direct administration of insulin in most cases. Severe hyperglycemia can be treated with oral hypoglycemic therapy and lifestyle modification.[15]
In diabetes mellitus (by far the most common cause of chronic hyperglycemia), treatment aims at maintaining blood glucose at a level as close to normal as possible, in order to avoid these serious long-term complications. This is done by a combination of proper diet, regular exercise, and insulin or other medication such as metformin, etc.
Those with hyperglycaemia can be treated using sulphonylureas or metformin or both. These drugs help by improving glycaemic control [16] Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alone or in combination with basal insulin can be used as a treatment for hyperglycemia with patients still in the hospital. [10]
Etymology[edit]
The origin of the term is Greek: prefix ὑπέρ- hyper- "over-", γλυκός glycos "sweet wine, must", αἷμα haima "blood", -ία, -εια -ia suffix for abstract nouns of feminine gender.
See also[edit]
Prediabetes
Reference ranges for blood tests
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Diagnosis and Mellitus. (2013). Diabetes Care, 37(Supplement_1), S81–90. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14-s081
Jump up ^ Pais I, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, et al. (2007). "Mood and cognitive functions during acute euglycaemia and mild hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 115 (1): 42–46. doi:10.1055/s-2007-957348. PMID 17286234.
Jump up ^ Sommerfield AJ, Deary IJ, Frier BM (2004). "Acute hyperglycemia alters mood state and impairs cognitive performance in people with type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 27 (10): 2335–40. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.10.2335. PMID 15451897.
^ Jump up to: a b Geijselaers, S., Sep, S., Claessens, D., Schram, M., van Boxtel, M., & Henry, R. et al. (2017). The Role of Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Pressure in Diabetes-Associated Differences in Cognitive Performance – The Maastricht Study. Diabetes Care, 40(11), 1537–47. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0330
Jump up ^ Kraemer, Fredric B.; Shen, Wen-Jun (2002). "Hormone-sensitive lipase". Journal of Lipid Research. 43 (10): 1585–1594. doi:10.1194/jlr.R200009-JLR200. ISSN 0022-2275.
Jump up ^ "Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to cardiac damage". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Cetin M, Yetgin S, Kara A, et al. (1994). "Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis and other complications of L-asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". J Med. 25 (3–4): 219–29. PMID 7996065.
Jump up ^ Luna B, Feinglos MN (2001). "Drug-induced hyperglycemia". JAMA. 286 (16): 1945–48. doi:10.1001/jama.286.16.1945. PMID 11667913.
Jump up ^ Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Pathak P, Gerstein HC (2001). "Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: a systematic overview". Stroke. 32 (10): 2426–32. doi:10.1161/hs1001.096194. PMID 11588337.
^ Jump up to: a b Umpierrez, G., & Pasquel, F. (2017). Management of Inpatient Hyperglycemia and Diabetes in Older Adults. Diabetes Care, 40(4), 509–17. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0989
Jump up ^ What are mg/dl and mmol/l? How to convert?
Jump up ^ Total Health Life (2005). "High Blood Sugar". Total Health Institute. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Giugliano D, Marfella R, Coppola L, et al. (1997). "Vascular effects of acute hyperglycemia in humans are reversed by L-arginine. Evidence for reduced availability of nitric oxide during hyperglycemia". Circulation. 95 (7): 1783–90. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.95.7.1783. PMID 9107164.
Jump up ^ Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (2013). Diabetes Care, 37(Supplement_1), S81–S90. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14-s081
Jump up ^ Ron Walls; John J. Ratey; Robert I. Simon (2009). Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Expert Consult Premium Edition – Enhanced Online Features and Print (Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts & Clinical Practice (2v.)). St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 0-323-05472-2.
Jump up ^ Pearson, E., Starkey, B., Powell, R., Gribble, F., Clark, P., & Hattersley, A. (2003). Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes. The Lancet, 362(9392), 1275–81. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14571-0
External links[edit]
Classification
D
ICD-10: R73.9
ICD-9-CM: 790.29
MeSH: D006943
DiseasesDB: 6234
External resources
MedlinePlus: 007228
Hyperglycemia in infants – from MedlinePlus

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Welcome to the Jungle
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This article is about the Guns N' Roses song. For other uses, see Welcome to the Jungle (disambiguation).
"Welcome to the Jungle"
U.S. single picure sleeve
Single by Guns N' Roses
from the album Appetite for Destruction
B-side
"Whole Lotta Rosie (live)/Mr. Brownstone" (US)
"Nightrain" (UK)
Released
September 28, 1987
October 24, 1988 (2nd release)
Format
7-inch single
12-inch single
12-inch picture disc
CD single
Recorded
June 19, 1987
Genre
Heavy metal[1]
Length
4:31
Label
Geffen
Songwriter(s)
Axl Rose
Slash
Producer(s)
Mike Clink
Guns N' Roses singles chronology
"It's So Easy" / "Mr. Brownstone"
(1987) "Welcome to the Jungle"
(1987) "Sweet Child o' Mine"
(1988)
Appetite for Destruction track listing
"Welcome to the Jungle"
(1) "It's So Easy"
(2)
Audio sample
file
help
"Welcome to the Jungle" is a song by American rock band Guns N' Roses, featured on their debut album, Appetite for Destruction (1987). It was released as the album's second single initially in the UK in September 1987 then again in October 1988 this time including the US, where it reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100[2] and number 24 on the UK Singles Chart.[3]
On the 1987 release, the Maxi Single format was backed with a live version of AC/DC's "Whole Lotta Rosie", the band's debut single "It's So Easy" and Bob Dylan's "Knockin' On Heaven's Door". In 2009 "Welcome to the Jungle" was named the greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and composition
2 Reception
3 Music video
4 Live performances
5 Use in media
6 Track listings
7 Personnel
8 Charts
9 Notes
10 External links
Background and composition[edit]
Axl Rose wrote the lyrics while visiting a friend in Seattle.[5] "It's a big city, but at the same time, it's still a small city compared to L.A. and the things that you're gonna learn. It seemed a lot more rural up there. I just wrote how it looked to me. If someone comes to town and they want to find something, they can find whatever they want."[6] Rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin summarises the song as "about Hollywood streets; true to life."[7]
Slash describes the development of the music of "Welcome to the Jungle" in his self-titled autobiography. As the band was trying to write new material, Axl remembered a riff Slash had played while he was living in the basement of Slash's mother's house. He played it and the band quickly laid down the foundations for the song, as Slash continued coming up with new guitar parts for it. He credits Duff McKagan as coming up with the breakdown. Duff contradicts this in his autobiography, It's So Easy (and other Lies), saying it was from a song called "The Fake" that he wrote in 1978 for the Vains, a punk band he was in.[8] He also said it was the first song he ever wrote, and that it was later released as a single by the band.[8] According to Slash, the song was written in approximately three hours.[9]
Rose claimed inspiration for the lyrics came from an encounter he and a friend had with a homeless man while they were coming out of a bus into New York.[10] Trying to put a scare into the young runaways, the man yelled at them, "You know where you are? You're in the jungle baby; you're gonna die!"[10][11]
Reception[edit]
Martin Popoff included the song at number nineteen in his book The Top 500 Heavy Metal Songs of All Time;[12] it was ranked the second "greatest metal song" by VH1;[13] it appeared at #467 on Rolling Stone' "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list,[14] it appeared as number seven hundred and sixty-four on Q's "1001 Best Songs Ever" chart;[7] and the song was named the "greatest song about Los Angeles" in a poll in Blender.[15] In 2009 it was named the greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1.[4] In 2009 the readers of Rolling Stone Magazine rated it the greatest sports anthem.[16]
Music video[edit]
Geffen Records was having a hard time selling the video to MTV. David Geffen made a deal with the network, and the video was aired only one time around 5:00AM on a Sunday morning.[17] As soon as the video was aired, the networks received numerous calls from people wanting to see the video again.
In spite of the early morning airtime, the song's music video caught viewers' attention and quickly became MTV's most requested video. The video in question begins with a shot of Axl Rose disembarking a bus in Los Angeles and a drug dealer (portrayed by Izzy) is seen trying to sell his merchandise while Rose rejects it. As Rose stops to watch a television through a store window, clips of the band playing live can be seen and Slash can also be seen briefly, sitting against the store's wall and drinking from a clear glass bottle in a brown paper bag. By the end of the video Rose has transformed into a city punk, wearing the appropriate clothing, after going through a process similar to the Ludovico technique.
During an interview with Rolling Stone magazine about the music video, Guns N' Roses' manager at the time, Alan Niven, said that he "came up with the idea of stealing from three movies: Midnight Cowboy, The Man Who Fell to Earth and A Clockwork Orange."[18]
Live performances[edit]
"Welcome to the Jungle" is often used as the opener at Guns N' Roses concerts, being played at almost every show on the Appetite for Destruction Tour and Use Your Illusion Tour. From 2001-2007, on the Chinese Democracy Tour, "Welcome to the Jungle" was used exclusively as the show opener, until 2009, when it was replaced by "Chinese Democracy". It now occupies the second spot on the setlist. When performed live, the song often begins with the line: "Do you know where the fuck you are? You're in the jungle baby! Wake up! Time to Die!", in reference to the song's bridge.[citation needed]
The song was used as the concert introduction during Shakira's world tour, the Tour of the Mongoose.[citation needed] Australian rock band Mammal frequently cover "Welcome to the Jungle" live, incorporating the first verse and chorus of the song as part of their own song, "Inciting". Pink performed the song at her 2003 Try This Tour.[citation needed]
Use in media[edit]
The song was featured in the music video game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock,[19] along with an in-game representation of Slash, who becomes unlocked as a playable character after defeating him in a guitar battle.
The song was also featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas on the fictional radio station "Radio X" (singer Axl Rose voices a radio DJ in the game on a separate station).[20]
Track listings[edit]
All songs credited to Guns N' Roses except where noted
UK 1987 7" vinyl (GEF 30)
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Welcome to the Jungle" 4:30
2. "Whole Lotta Rosie" (Live AC/DC cover) Angus Young, Malcolm Young, Bon Scott 5:29
Total length: 9:59
UK 1987 12" vinyl (GEF 30T); 12" picture disc (GEF 30TP)
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Welcome to the Jungle" 4:30
2. "Whole Lotta Rosie" (Live AC/DC cover) Young, Young, Scott
3. "It's So Easy" (live) Guns N' Roses, West Arkeen
4. "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" (Live Bob Dylan cover) Bob Dylan
US 1988 7" vinyl (927 759-7)
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Welcome to the Jungle" 4:30
2. "Mr. Brownstone" Izzy Stradlin 3:46
Total length: 8:17
UK 1988 7" vinyl (GEF 47)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Welcome to the Jungle" 4:30
2. "Nightrain" 4:29
Total length: 9:00
UK 1988 12" vinyl (GEF 47T); 12" poster bag (GEF 47TW); 12" picture disc (GEF 47TP);12" patch (GEF47TV); 3" CD (GEF 47CD)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Welcome to the Jungle" 4:30
2. "Nightrain" 4:29
3. "You're Crazy" (Acoustic Version) 4:10
Total length: 13:10
Personnel[edit]
W. Axl Rose – lead vocals
Slash – lead guitar
Izzy Stradlin – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Duff McKagan – bass guitar, backing vocals
Steven Adler – drums, percussion
Charts[edit]
Chart (1987–1988)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[21]
41
Finland (The Official Finnish Charts)[22]
13
Ireland (IRMA)[23]
14
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[24]
84
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[25]
6
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[26]
24
US Billboard Hot 100[27]
7
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[28]
37
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "6 Glam-Metal Albums You Need to Own". October 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Artist Chart History - Guns N' Roses". Billboard. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Guns N' Roses". Chart Stats. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "spreadit.org music". Retrieved February 7, 2009.
Jump up ^ "AXL ROSE & GNR Articles : Hit Parader March 1988".
Jump up ^ "The Spaghetti Incident". hem.passagen.se. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "Welcome To The Jungle". Here Today... Gone To Hell!. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
^ Jump up to: a b McKagan, Duff; Mohr, Tim (2010). It's So Easy (and other Lies). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 42–43, 97.
Jump up ^ Bozza, Anthony; Slash (2007). Slash. New York: Harper Entertainment. pp. 108–109.
^ Jump up to: a b "Just a Little Patience". Spin. July 1999. Retrieved December 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ Brown, Lane (August 26, 2008). "Exclusive Excerpt: Stephen Davis's 'Watch You Bleed: The Saga of Guns N' Roses'". Vulture.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top500_Heavy_Metal_Songs.html".
Jump up ^ "40 greatest metal songs (40 - 31)". VH1. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived June 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Welcome To The Jungle Tops Los Angeles Songs Poll". December 11, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Music - New Music News, Reviews, Pictures, and Videos".
Jump up ^ Tom King, The Operator: David Geffen Builds, Buys, and Sells the New Hollywood, p. 430, Broadway Books (New York 2001).
Jump up ^ "News".
Jump up ^ "Guitar Hero 3 Setlist Revealed". PC World. 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
Jump up ^ Tor Thorsen (2004-10-26). "Full San Andreas soundtrack details". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Guns N' Roses – Welcome to the Jungle". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pennanen, Timo. Sisältää hitin: levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972. Otava Publishing Company Ltd, 2003. ISBN 951-1-21053-X
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Guns N' Roses". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Guns N' Roses – Welcome to the Jungle" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Guns N' Roses – Welcome to the Jungle". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns N' Roses: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns N' Roses Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns N' Roses Chart History (Mainstream Rock)" Billboard. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Davis, Stephen (2008). Watch You Bleed: The Saga of Guns N' Roses. Gotham Books. ISBN 978-1-59240-377-6.
External links[edit]
"Welcome to the Jungle" music video at VH1 Classic
Complete Guide to GN'R 'Welcome to the Jungle' at Ultimate-Guitar.com
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Tallulah
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Tallulah (or minor variations thereof) as a given name is of Native American origin, meaning "leaping water". Related to the Choctaw word for water, oka. The Choctaws lived near the Tallulah waterfall, which derives its name from the Hitchiti (Creek) word for "town". The name also possibly derives from a Gaelic name meaning "fruitful woman".
Tallulah may refer to:
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1 Places
2 Persons with the first name Tallulah or Talulah
2.1 Fictional characters
3 Film
4 Music
5 Other uses
Places[edit]
Tallulah, Louisiana, Louisiana
Tallulah River, Georgia
Tallulah Gorge, Georgia
Tallulah Ranger District, Georgia
Tallula, Illinois, Illinois
Persons with the first name Tallulah or Talulah[edit]
Tallulah Bankhead (1902–1968), American actress
Tallulah Morton (born 1991), Australian fashion model
Talulah Riley (born 1985), British actress
Fictional characters[edit]
Tallulah, a singer in the musical film Bugsy Malone
Tallulah Robinson, from Disney's Meet the Robinsons
Tallulah, a chick from the children's books and show Maisy Mouse
Tallulah, a minor character that appears in the Doctor Who episodes Daleks in Manhattan and Evolution of the Daleks
Film[edit]
Tallulah (film), a 2016 film
Music[edit]
Tallulah, a British singer-songwriter born Daisy Syron Russell
Talulah Gosh, British band
Tallulah (album), a 1987 album by The Go-Betweens
"Talula", a 1996 song from Tori Amos's album Boys for Pele
"Talulah", 2001 song from Sonata Arctica's album Silence
"Talulah", 2005 song from Jamiroquai's album Dynamite
"Talulah", 2011 song from Company of Thieves' album Running From a Gamble
"Talulah", 2012 song from the Allo Darlin' album Europe
Other uses[edit]
USS Tallulah (AO-50), a US Navy oiler
Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tallulah.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tallulah&oldid=847237704"
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This page was last edited on 23 June 2018, at 21:33 (UTC).
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