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New Zealand general election, 2017
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New Zealand general election, 2017
← 2014 23 September 2017 Next →
← outgoing members
elected members →
All 120 seats in the House of Representatives
61 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout
2,630,173 (79.8%) 1.9%
First party
Second party
Third party
Leader
Bill English Jacinda Ardern Winston Peters
Party
National Labour NZ First
Leader since
12 December 2016 1 August 2017 18 July 1993
(party foundation)
Leader's seat
List Mount Albert List
(lost Northland)
Last election
60 seats, 47.04% 32 seats, 25.13% 11 seats, 8.66%
Seats before
59 32 12
Seats won
56 46 9
Seat change
3 14 3
Popular vote
1,152,075 956,184 186,706
Percentage
44.45% 36.89% 7.20%
Swing
2.59 pp 11.76 pp 1.46 pp
Fourth party
Fifth party
Sixth party
Leader
James Shaw David Seymour Te Ururoa Flavell &
Marama Fox
Party
Green ACT Māori
Leader since
30 May 2015 4 October 2014 13 July 2013 / October 2014
Leader's seat
List Epsom Waiariki / List
(lost seat/lost seat)
Last election
14 seats, 10.70% 1 seat, 0.69% 2 seats, 1.32%
Seats before
14 1 2
Seats won
8 1 0
Seat change
6 0 2
Popular vote
162,443 13,075 30,580
Percentage
6.27% 0.50% 1.18%
Swing
4.43 pp 0.19 pp 0.14 pp
Seventh party
Leader
Damian Light
Party
United Future
Leader since
23 August 2017
Leader's seat
Ran in Botany (lost)
Last election
1 seat, 0.22%
Seats before
1
Seats won
0
Seat change
1
Popular vote
1,782
Percentage
0.07%
Swing
0.15 pp
Map of the general election. Electorate results are shown on the left, Maori electorate results in the centre, and the list members on the right.
Prime Minister before election
Bill English
National
Subsequent Prime Minister
Jacinda Ardern
Labour
The 2017 New Zealand general election took place on Saturday 23 September 2017 to determine the membership of the 52nd New Zealand Parliament. The previous parliament was elected on 20 September 2014 and was officially dissolved on 22 August 2017.[1] Voters elected 120 members to the House of Representatives under New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system, a proportional representation system in which 71 members were elected from single-member electorates and 49 members were elected from closed party lists. Around 3.57 million people were registered to vote in the election,[2] with 2.63 million (79.8%) turning out.[3] Advance voting proved popular, with 1.24 million votes cast before election day, more than the previous two elections combined.[4]
Prior to the election, the centre-right National Party, led by Prime Minister Bill English, had governed since 2008 in a minority government with confidence and supply from the Māori, ACT and United Future parties. It was the first election for English as incumbent Prime Minister, having replaced John Key on 12 December 2016. The main opposition parties to the National government were Labour (the official opposition), led by Jacinda Ardern, the Green Party, and New Zealand First.
The National Party won a plurality of the seats with 56, down from 60 in 2014.[5] Labour made large gains following Jacinda Ardern becoming the party leader seven weeks prior to the election, increasing its representation from 32 to 46 seats. Some of Labour's seats came at the expense of the Green Party, who lost almost half their seats (dropping from 14 to 8) following co-leader Metiria Turei's resignation over self-admitted benefit and electoral fraud. The anti-immigration populist New Zealand First Party won 9 seats, down from 12 in 2014. ACT retained its one seat.
The election saw five parties return to Parliament, down from seven in 2014 and the lowest number since the introduction of MMP in 1996. Māori Party co-leader Te Ururoa Flavell lost his seat of Waiariki and, with the party's vote count being below the threshold of 5%, they also lost their list MP, co-leader Marama Fox, and departed Parliament. United Future leader and sole MP Peter Dunne retired from politics during the campaign due to poor polling in his electorate of Ōhāriu and his successor failed to win the seat. The party would vote to dissolve less than two months later.[6]
Even with support partner ACT retaining its sole seat, the existing National minority government were short of the 61 seats needed to govern, having reached 56 seats, and Bill English declared that the arrangement would not be continued.[7] New Zealand First's nine seats gave it the balance of power between the National Party and the left Labour and Green parties.[8][9] On 19 October 2017, New Zealand First leader Winston Peters announced that the party was intending to form a NZ-First/Labour minority government (55 seats) reliant upon Green Party support via a confidence and supply agreement a coalition government with the Labour Party.[10] This is the first Government in New Zealand under MMP where the most popular party is not part of the Government. The election resulted in Ardern becoming New Zealand's third female Prime Minister, and Peters being reappointed Deputy Prime Minister, a role he had first held in 1996–98. This marked an end to nine years under the Fifth National Party Government, and the beginning of the Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand.
Contents
[hide]
1 Electoral system
1.1 Electoral law changes
1.2 Eligibility to vote
2 Election schedule
3 Parties and candidates
3.1 MPs who did not stand for re-election
3.2 Electorate-only or list-only MPs
4 Results
4.1 Electorate results
4.2 List results
4.3 Changes in MPs
5 Government formation
5.1 Cabinet and ministerial roles
6 Campaigning
6.1 Expense limits and broadcasting allocations
6.2 Issues
6.2.1 Education
6.2.2 Housing
6.2.3 Immigration
6.2.4 Rail transport
6.3 Party campaigns
6.3.1 National
6.3.2 Labour
6.3.3 Green
6.3.4 New Zealand First
6.3.5 Māori
6.3.6 ACT
6.3.7 The Opportunities Party (TOP)
6.3.8 United Future
6.4 Major debates
6.5 Endorsements
7 Opinion polling
7.1 Seat predictions
8 Post-election events
8.1 Leadership changes
8.2 Local by-elections
8.3 Electoral offences
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
Electoral system[edit]
Main article: Electoral system of New Zealand
New Zealand uses the mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system to elect the 120-member House of Representatives. Each voter gets two votes, one for a political party (the party vote) and one for a local candidate (the electorate vote). Political parties which meet the threshold (5% of the party vote or one electorate seat) receive seats in the House in proportion to the percentage of the party vote they receive. 71 of the 120 seats are filled by the MPs elected from the electorates, with the winner in each electorate determined by the first past the post method (i.e. most votes wins). The remaining 49 seats are filled by candidates from each party's closed party list. If a party wins more electorates than seats it is entitled to under the party vote, an overhang results; in this case, the House will add extra seats to cover the overhang. The 2014 election saw a one-seat overhang where Peter Dunne won the Ōhāriu electorate when his United Future Party was entitled to zero seats under the party vote.
The political party or party bloc with the majority of the seats in the House forms the Government. Since the introduction of MMP in 1996, no party has won enough votes to win an outright majority of seats. As a result, parties must negotiate with other parties either to form a coalition government or to obtain sufficient confidence and supply to operate as a minority government.
Electorate boundaries in the 2017 election were the same as at the 2014 election, with 64 general electorates (48 in the North Island and 16 in the South Island), and 7 Māori electorates. Boundaries are due to be redrawn in 2019, after the 2018 census.
Electoral law changes[edit]
The Electoral Amendment Act 2017 and the Broadcasting (Election Programmes and Election Advertising) Amendment Act 2017 made a number of changes to the conduct of general elections, including:[11][12]
Voters no longer have to complete and sign a new enrolment form if they are already enrolled and notify of a change of address, for example, through New Zealand Post's mail redirection service.
The Electoral Commission no longer is required to send out nominations and polling place information to every voter by post; instead the Commission may use its discretion on how to advertise nominations and polling places.
Polling booths may now use electronic electoral rolls to mark off voters.
Counting of advance votes may now start earlier at 9:00 am (previously 2:00 pm), to take into account the increase in people voting in advance.
The contact information of sitting MPs, such as business cards and signage on out-of-Parliament offices, has been clarified as not constituting election advertising.
Election advertising is now legally prohibited in or near advance polling booths.
Election hoardings may now be erected nine weeks before the election (previously two months), so the first day always falls on a Saturday.
Parties are no longer allocated free airtime on Radio New Zealand and Television New Zealand to broadcast opening and closing addresses.
Eligibility to vote[edit]
To vote in the general election, one must:
be on the electoral roll
be aged 18 or over on election day (i.e. born on or before 23 September 1999)
be a New Zealand citizen, permanent resident, residence visa holder, an Australian citizen or other person entitled to reside in New Zealand indefinitely.
have lived in New Zealand for one year or more continuously at some point
have been in New Zealand within the last 3 years (for New Zealand citizens) or 1 year (non-New Zealand citizens); public servants and Defence Force personnel on duty outside New Zealand, including their partners and children, are not subject to this rule.
not be expressly disqualified from enrolling or voting (e.g., serving a sentence of imprisonment; convicted of a corrupt election practice).[13]
Election schedule[edit]
Unless an early election is called or the election date is set to circumvent holding a by-election, a general election is held every three years. The last election was held on Saturday, 20 September 2014.[14]
The Governor-General must issue writs for an election within seven days of the expiration or dissolution of the current Parliament.[15] Under section 17 of the Constitution Act 1986, Parliament expires three years "from the day fixed for the return of the writs issued for the last preceding general election of members of the House of Representatives, and no longer." The writs for the 2014 election were returned on 10 October 2014, a day late due to a judicial recount of the Te Tai Tokerau electorate.[16] As a result, the 51st Parliament would have expired, if not dissolved earlier, on Tuesday, 10 October 2017. Consequently, the last day for issuance of writs of election would have been 17 October 2017. The writs must be returned within 50 days of their issuance (save for any judicial recount or death of a candidate), which would have been Wednesday, 6 December 2017.[17] Because polling day must be a Saturday[17] and two weeks is generally required for the counting of special votes, the last possible date for the 2017 general election would have been Saturday, 18 November 2017.
On 1 February 2017, Prime Minister Bill English announced that the election would be held on Saturday 23 September 2017.[18] This will be the first election that both major parties, Labour and National are contesting under new leadership since 1975.
Key dates relating to the general election will be as follows:[19]
1 February 2017 (Wednesday) Prime Minister Bill English announces election to be held on 23 September
23 June 2017 (Friday) The regulated election advertising period begins.
22 July 2017 (Saturday) Election hoardings may be erected (subject to local council rules).
17 August 2017 (Wednesday) Last sitting day for the 51st Parliament.
22 August 2017 (Tuesday) The 51st Parliament is dissolved with a short ceremony on the steps of Parliament House.[20]
23 August 2017 (Wednesday) Writ day – Governor-General issues formal direction to the Electoral Commission to hold the election.
Last day to ordinarily enrol to vote (late enrolments must cast special votes)
Official campaigning begins; radio and television advertising begins
28 August 2017 (Monday) Deadline (12:00) for registered parties to lodge bulk nominations of candidates and party lists.[21]
29 August 2017 (Tuesday) Deadline (12:00) for individual candidates to lodge nominations.[21]
30 August 2017 (Wednesday) Details of candidates for election and polling places released
6 September 2017 (Wednesday) Overseas voting begins
11 September 2017 (Monday) Advance voting begins
22 September 2017 (Friday) Advance voting ends; overseas voting ends at 16:00 local time.
Last day to enrol to vote.
The regulated election advertising period ends; all election advertising must be taken down by midnight.
23 September 2017 (Saturday) Election day – polling places open 09:00 to 19:00
Preliminary results released progressively after 19:00
7 October 2017 (Saturday) Official results declared
12 October 2017 (Thursday) Writ for election returned; official declaration of elected members (subject to judicial recounts)
Parties and candidates[edit]
Further information: Candidates in the New Zealand general election 2017 by electorate and Party lists in the New Zealand general election, 2017
Political parties registered with the Electoral Commission can contest the general election as a party. To register, parties must have at least 500 financial members, an auditor, and an appropriate party name.[22] A registered party may submit a party list to contest the party vote, and can have a party campaign expenses limit in addition to limits on individual candidates' campaigns. Unregistered parties and independents can contest the electorate vote only.
The following registered parties contested the general election:[23]
Party
Leader(s)
Ideology
2014 election
% party vote
Seats
National Bill English Conservatism, Classical liberalism 47.04 60
Labour Jacinda Ardern Social democracy 25.13 32
Green James Shaw Green politics 10.70 14
NZ First Winston Peters Conservatism, Nationalism, Populism 8.66 11
Māori Te Ururoa Flavell / Marama Fox Indigenous rights 1.32 2
ACT David Seymour Classical liberalism, Libertarianism 0.69 1
United Future Damian Light Social liberalism, Centrism 0.22 1
Conservative Leighton Baker Conservatism, Fiscal conservatism, Social conservatism 3.99 –
Internet Suzie Dawson Collaborative e-democracy, Internet freedom, Privacy, Copyright reform 1.42 –
Mana Hone Harawira Tino rangatiratanga, Māori rights 1.42 –
Legalise Cannabis Jeff Lye Cannabis legalisation 0.46 –
Ban 1080 Mike Downard / Bill Wallace Opposition to 1080 poison 0.21 –
Democrats Stephnie de Ruyter Social Credit, Economic democracy, Left-wing nationalism 0.07 –
Opportunities Gareth Morgan Radical centrism, Environmentalism not founded –
Outdoors David Haynes / Alan Simmons Environmentalism not founded –
People's Party Roshan Nauhria Minority rights, Cultural rights not founded –
MPs who did not stand for re-election[edit]
Twenty-two members of parliament announced that they would not stand for re-election.
Name
Party
Electorate/List
Term in office
Date announced
Todd Barclay National Clutha-Southland 2014–2017 000000002017-06-21-000021 June 2017[24]
Chester Borrows National Whanganui 2005–2017 000000002016-11-29-000029 November 2016[25]
Steffan Browning Green List 2011–2017 000000002016-12-15-000015 December 2016[26]
David Clendon Green List 2009–2017 000000002017-08-07-00007 August 2017[27]
Clayton Cosgrove Labour List 1999–2017 000000002016-04-10-000010 April 2016[28]
David Cunliffe Labour New Lynn 1999–2017 000000002016-11-01-00001 November 2016[29]
Catherine Delahunty Green List 2008–2017 000000002016-12-15-000015 December 2016[26]
Peter Dunne United Future Ōhāriu 1984–2017 000000002017-08-21-000021 August 2017[30]
Craig Foss National Tukituki 2005–2017 000000002016-12-14-000014 December 2016[31]
Paul Foster-Bell National List 2013–2017 000000002017-02-26-000026 February 2017[32]
Jo Goodhew National Rangitata 2005–2017 000000002017-01-25-000025 January 2017[33]
Kennedy Graham Green List 2008–2017 000000002017-08-07-00007 August 2017[27]
John Key National Helensville 2002–2017 000000002016-12-05-00005 December 2016[34]
Annette King Labour Rongotai 1984–1990; 1993–2017 000000002017-03-01-00001 March 2017[35]
Sam Lotu-Iiga National Maungakiekie 2008–2017 000000002016-12-13-000013 December 2016[36]
Murray McCully National East Coast Bays 1987–2017 000000002016-12-15-000015 December 2016[37]
Sue Moroney Labour List 2005–2017 000000002017-04-30-000030 April 2017[38]
Jono Naylor National List 2014–2017 000000002016-11-03-00003 November 2016[39]
Hekia Parata National List 2008–2017 000000002016-10-19-000019 October 2016[40]
Barbara Stewart NZ First List 2002–2008; 2011–2017 000000002017-03-07-00007 March 2017[41]
Lindsay Tisch National Waikato 1999–2017 000000002016-06-20-000020 June 2016[42]
Maurice Williamson National Pakuranga 1987–2017 000000002016-07-26-000026 July 2016[43]
Electorate-only or list-only MPs[edit]
Bill English, Steven Joyce, David Carter, and Jian Yang of National stood as list-only candidates (as in 2014).[44]
Andrew Little announced in January 2017 that he would not contest New Plymouth, but would run as a list-only candidate.[45]
Trevor Mallard announced in July 2016 that he would not contest Hutt South, but run as a list-only candidate, with the intention of becoming Speaker of the House.[46]
Labour announced in March 2017 that the party's six incumbent Maori electorate MPs would not contest the party list but would run as electorate-only candidates, in a challenge to the Māori Party, and to increase the number of Maori MPs in the Labour caucus.[47] After the August 2017 leadership change, it was announced that new deputy leader and Te Tai Tokerau MP Kelvin Davis would now contend the party list, as required by the constitution of the party.[48]
Metiria Turei stepped down as co-leader of the Green Party and after announcing that she would retire from politics at the election, withdrew her name from the party list.[49] She appeared in the list of candidates for the Te Tai Tonga electorate.[50]
Results[edit]
Further information: Results of the New Zealand general election, 2017
Preliminary results were gradually released after polling booths closed at 19:00 (NZST) on 23 September. The preliminary count only includes advance ordinary and election day ordinary votes; it does not include any special votes. Special votes include votes from those who enrolled after the deadline of 23 August, those who voted outside their electorate (this includes all overseas votes), hospital votes, and those voters enrolled on the unpublished roll.[3]
All voting papers, counterfoils and electoral rolls are returned to the electorate's returning officer for a mandatory recount; this also includes approving and counting any special votes, and compiling a master roll to ensure no voter has voted more than once. Official results, including all recounted ordinary votes and special votes, were released by the Electoral Commission on Saturday 7 October 2017.[8]
Parties and candidates have three working days after the release of the official results to apply for a judicial recount. These recounts take place under the auspices of a District Court judge (the Chief District Court Judge in case of a nationwide recount),[51] and may delay the return of the election writ by a few days.
Party vote percentage
National (44.45%)
Labour (36.89%)
NZ First (7.20%)
Green (6.27%)
Opportunities (2.44%)
Māori (1.18%)
ACT (0.50%)
Legalise Cannabis (0.31%)
Conservative (0.24%)
Other (0.52%)
The House of Representatives after the election, showing the resulting kingmaker position held by NZ First.
Highest polling party in each electorate.

e • d Summary of the 23 September 2017 election result for the New Zealand House of Representatives[52]
Party
Votes
% of votes
Seats
%
Change
Electorate
List
Total
Change[a]
National 1,152,075 44.45 −2.59 41 15 56 −4
Labour 956,184 36.89 +11.76 29 17 46 +14
NZ First 186,706 7.20 −1.46 0 9 9 −2
Green 162,443 6.27 −4.43 0 8 8 −6
ACT 13,075 0.50 −0.19 1 0 1 0
Opportunities 63,260 2.44 +2.44[b] 0 0 0 0
Māori 30,580 1.18 −0.14 0 0 0 −2
Legalise Cannabis 8,075 0.31 −0.14 0 0 0 0
Conservative 6,253 0.24 −3.75 0 0 0 0
Mana 3,642 0.14 −1.28[c] 0 0 0 0
Ban 1080 3,005 0.12 −0.10 0 0 0 0
People's Party 1,890 0.07 +0.07[b] 0 0 0 0
United Future 1,782 0.07 −0.15 0 0 0 −1
Outdoors 1,620 0.06 +0.06[b] 0 0 0 0
Democrats 806 0.03 −0.04 0 0 0 0
Internet 499 0.02 −1.40[c] 0 0 0 0
total 2,591,896 100.00 71 49 120 −1[d]
Labour minority government[e] 1,305,333 50.36 +5.88 29 34 63 +6
Opposition parties 1,165,150 44.95 –2.27 42 15 57 −4
Party informal votes 10,793
Disallowed votes 27,484
Total votes cast 2,630,173
Turnout 79.8%
Total electorate 3,298,009

Popular vote
National
44.45%
Labour
36.89%
NZ First
7.20%
Green
6.27%
Opportunities
2.24%
Māori
1.18%
ACT
0.50%
Others
1.07%
Parliament seats
National
46.67%
Labour
38.33%
NZ First
7.50%
Green
6.67%
ACT
0.83%
Electorate results[edit]
Party affiliation of winning electorate candidates.
Prior to the election, the National Party held the majority of the electorate seats with 40. Labour held 27 seats, and NZ First, ACT, and United Future held one seat each. Between the 2014 and 2017 elections, one seat changed allegiance: in the 2015 Northland by-election, NZ First leader Winston Peters won the seat off National, after MP Mike Sabin resigned.
Fifty-five electorates saw the incumbent MP re-elected, while another 11 saw a new MP elected from the same party as the retiring incumbent.
In three electorates, the incumbent MP was defeated. Labour candidate and lawyer Duncan Webb claimed Christchurch Central off National MP Nicky Wagner; Labour previously held the electorate continuously from its formation in 1946 until Wagner won it in 2011. After National lost Northland to NZ First leader Winston Peters in 2015, candidate Matt King claimed the electorate back for National from Peters. Labour candidate and former television presenter Tamati Coffey claimed Waiariki off Māori Party MP Te Ururoa Flavell; Flavell's defeat saw the Māori Party without an electorate seat and with the party polling below 5% in the party vote, saw the party voted out of Parliament. Coffey's win also saw Labour claim a clean sweep of the Māori electorates for the first time since the 2002 election.
In Hutt South, National list MP Chris Bishop claimed the electorate from Labour – the first time the electorate has swung since its creation in 1996. Contributing to the swing was the 2014 boundary changes which saw the Labour-leaning suburb of Naenae swapped for the National-leaning western hill suburbs of Lower Hutt, and long standing Labour MP Trevor Mallard standing down at the election to contest the party list only. In Ōhāriu, incumbent United Future MP Peter Dunne stepped down after holding the electorate in various incarnations since 1984. Labour candidate and former police officer Greg O'Connor subsequently claimed the electorate.
Overall, National gained one electorate to hold 41, Labour gained two electorates to hold 29, while ACT retained its one electorate seat.
Hamilton West was considered to be New Zealand's bellwether seat.[53][54] Since the formation of the electorate in 1969, the winning candidate was from the party that went on to form the government, with the exception of 1993 when it elected a Labour MP while National went on to form the government (albeit with a one-seat majority). Hamilton West, Maungakiekie and Rotorua were also regarded as bellwethers in the MMP era, swinging with the government at every election since 1996. All three electorates in the 2017 election were won by National candidates.
The table below shows the results of the 2017 general election:
Key:
National Labour Green NZ First Opportunities
ACT United Future Māori Mana Independent
Electorate results of the New Zealand general election, 2017
Electorate
Incumbent
Winner
Majority
Runner up
Third place
Auckland Central Nikki Kaye 1,581 Helen White Denise Roche
Bay of Plenty Todd Muller 13,996 Angie Warren-Clark Lester Gray
Botany Jami-Lee Ross 12,839 Tofik Mamedov Julie Zhu
Christchurch Central Nicky Wagner Duncan Webb 2,871 Nicky Wagner Peter Richardson
Christchurch East Poto Williams 7,480 Jo Hayes Cathy Sweet
Clutha-Southland Todd Barclay Hamish Walker 14,354 Cherie Chapman Mark Patterson
Coromandel Scott Simpson 14,326 Nathaniel Blomfield Scott Summerfield
Dunedin North David Clark 11,754 Michael Woodhouse Niki Bould
Dunedin South Clare Curran 8,717 Matt Gregory Shane Gallagher
East Coast Anne Tolley 4,807 Kiri Allan Julian Tilley
East Coast Bays Murray McCully Erica Stanford 16,290 Naisi Chen Nicholas Mayne
Epsom David Seymour 5,519 Paul Goldsmith David Parker
Hamilton East David Bennett 5,810 Jamie Strange Sam Taylor
Hamilton West Tim Macindoe 7,731 Gaurav Sharma Jo Wrigley
Helensville John Key Chris Penk 14,608 Kurt Taogaga Hayley Holt
Hunua Andrew Bayly 19,443 Baljit Kaur Jon Reeves
Hutt South Trevor Mallard[er 1] Chris Bishop 1,530 Ginny Andersen Virginia Horrocks
Ilam Gerry Brownlee 8,256 Raf Manji Anthony Rimell
Invercargill Sarah Dowie 5,579 Liz Craig Ria Bond
Kaikoura Stuart Smith 10,553 Janette Walker Jamie Arbuckle
Kelston Carmel Sepuloni 7,269 Bala Beeram Nicola Smith
Mana Kris Faafoi 10,980 Euon Murrell Jan Logie
Māngere William Sio 14,597 Agnes Loheni Elaine Dyett
Manukau East Jenny Salesa 12,589 Kanwaljit Singh Bakshi William Flesher
Manurewa Louisa Wall 8,374 Katrina Bungard John Hall
Maungakiekie Sam Lotu-Iiga Denise Lee 2,157 Priyanca Radhakrishnan Chlöe Swarbrick
Mount Albert Jacinda Ardern 15,264 Melissa Lee Julie Anne Genter
Mount Roskill Michael Wood 6,898 Parmjeet Parmar Ricardo Menendez March
Napier Stuart Nash 5,220 David Elliott Damon Rusden
Nelson Nick Smith 4,283 Rachel Boyack Matt Lawrey
New Lynn David Cunliffe Deborah Russell 2,825 Paulo Garcia Leilani Tamu
New Plymouth Jonathan Young 7,733 Corie Haddock Murray Chong
North Shore Maggie Barry 12,716 Romy Udanga Josh Hubbard
Northcote Jonathan Coleman 6,210 Shanan Halbert Rebekah Jaung
Northland Winston Peters Matt King 1,389 Winston Peters Willow-Jean Prime
Ōhāriu Peter Dunne Greg O'Connor 1,051 Brett Hudson Jessica Hammond Doube
Ōtaki Nathan Guy 6,156 Rob McCann Sam Ferguson
Pakuranga Maurice Williamson Simeon Brown 14,886 Barry Kirker Suzanne Kelly
Palmerston North Iain Lees-Galloway 6,392 Adrienne Pierce Darroch Ball
Papakura Judith Collins 7,486 Jesse Pabla Toa Greening
Port Hills Ruth Dyson 7,916 Nuk Korako Eugenie Sage
Rangitata Jo Goodhew Andrew Falloon 6,331 Jo Luxton Olly Wilson
Rangitīkei Ian McKelvie 10,290 Heather Warren Rob Stevenson
Rimutaka Chris Hipkins 8,609 Carolyn O'Fallon Stefan Grand-Meyer
Rodney Mark Mitchell 19,561 Marja Lubeck Tracey Martin
Rongotai Annette King Paul Eagle 10,900 Chris Finlayson Teall Crossen
Rotorua Todd McClay 7,901 Ben Sandford Fletcher Tabuteau
Selwyn Amy Adams 19,639 Tony Condon Chrys Horn
Tāmaki Simon O'Connor 15,402 Sam McDonald Richard Leckinger
Taranaki-King Country Barbara Kuriger 15,259 Hilary Humphrey Robert Moore
Taupō Louise Upston 14,335 Al'a Al-Bustanji Julie Sandilands
Tauranga Simon Bridges 11,252 Jan Tinetti Clayton Mitchell
Te Atatū Phil Twyford 3,184 Alfred Ngaro David Wilson
Tukituki Craig Foss Lawrence Yule 2,813 Anna Lorck Joe Kairau
Upper Harbour Paula Bennett 9,556 Jin An James Goodhue
Waikato Lindsay Tisch Tim van de Molen 15,452 Brooke Loader Stu Husband
Waimakariri Matthew Doocey 10,766 Dan Rosewarne Nikki Berry
Wairarapa Alastair Scott 2,872 Kieran McAnulty Ron Mark
Waitaki Jacqui Dean 12,816 Zélie Allan Pat Wall
Wellington Central Grant Robertson 9,963 Nicola Willis James Shaw
West Coast-Tasman Damien O'Connor 5,593 Maureen Pugh Kate Fulton
Whanganui Chester Borrows Harete Hipango 1,706 Steph Lewis Reginald Skipworth
Whangarei Shane Reti 10,967 Tony Savage Shane Jones
Wigram Megan Woods 4,594 David Hiatt Richard Wesley
Māori electorates
Hauraki-Waikato Nanaia Mahuta 9,223 Rahui Papa n/a
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Meka Whaitiri 4,210 Marama Fox Elizabeth Kerekere
Tāmaki Makaurau Peeni Henare 3,809 Shane Taurima Marama Davidson
Te Tai Hauāuru Adrian Rurawhe 1,039 Howie Tamati Jack McDonald
Te Tai Tokerau Kelvin Davis 4,807 Hone Harawira Godfrey Rudolph
Te Tai Tonga Rino Tirikatene 4,676 Metiria Turei Mei Reedy-Taare
Waiariki Te Ururoa Flavell Tamati Coffey 1,719 Te Ururoa Flavell n/a
Notes:
Jump up ^ Mallard did not re-contest the electorate this election, instead contesting the party list only.
List results[edit]
Main article: Party lists in the New Zealand general election, 2017
The following MPs were elected from their respective party lists:
National Labour NZ First Green
Bill English (01)
David Carter (03)
Steven Joyce (04)
Chris Finlayson (09)
Michael Woodhouse (10)
Paul Goldsmith (18)
Alfred Ngaro (20)
Nicky Wagner (22)
Brett Hudson (30)
Melissa Lee (31)
Kanwaljit Singh Bakshi (32)
Jian Yang (33)
Parmjeet Parmar (34)
Jo Hayes (36)
Nuk Korako (42) Andrew Little (03)
David Parker (10)
Priyanca Radhakrishnan (12)
Raymond Huo (13)
Jan Tinetti (15)
Willow-Jean Prime (17)
Kiri Allan (21)
Willie Jackson (22)
Ginny Andersen (28)
Jo Luxton (29)
Liz Craig (31)
Marja Lubeck (32)
Trevor Mallard (33)
Jamie Strange (36)
Anahila Kanongata'a-Suisuiki (37)
Kieran McAnulty (38)
Angie Warren-Clark (39) Winston Peters (01)
Ron Mark (02)
Tracey Martin (03)
Fletcher Tabuteau (04)
Darroch Ball (05)
Clayton Mitchell (06)
Mark Patterson (07)
Shane Jones (08)
Jenny Marcroft (09) James Shaw (01)
Marama Davidson (02)
Julie Anne Genter (03)
Eugenie Sage (04)
Gareth Hughes (05)
Jan Logie (06)
Chlöe Swarbrick (07)
Golriz Ghahraman (08)
Changes in MPs[edit]
Two former MPs (Shane Jones and Willie Jackson) and 31 first-time MPs were elected to the 52nd Parliament, joining 87 incumbents from the 51st Parliament.
Following the retirement of Peter Dunne, Bill English (National, list) became the new Father of the House, having served as an MP continuously since 1990. (While both Winston Peters and Trevor Mallard have served longer than English, their tenures have been non-continuous.)
23-year-old Chlöe Swarbrick (Green, list) became the new Baby of the House. She was the youngest MP to be elected to Parliament since the election of the 23-year-old Marilyn Waring in 1975.[55]
Golriz Ghahraman (Green, list) became the first former refugee to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament.[56]
Government formation[edit]
Preliminary election results gave National 58 seats, Labour 45, New Zealand First 9, Green 7, and ACT 1,[3] leaving no party or obvious coalition able to command a parliamentary majority of 61 seats. Final results saw the National party lose two further seats, one each to Labour and the Greens,[8] confirming New Zealand First as the election's kingmaker.[9] Both the National and Labour parties outlined planned negotiations with New Zealand First in the hope of forming a government.[7] A National–NZ First coalition would hold 65 seats, while a Labour–NZ First coalition would also need the support of the Green party to form a majority government with 63 seats. National Party leader Bill English ruled out a formal governing arrangement with the ACT Party's sole MP David Seymour,[7][9] though such an agreement existed following the 2014 election.[57]
New Zealand First has held the balance of power in previous parliaments and its leader has served in several ministries.[9] Following the 1996 election, the party joined a coalition government with National with Peters as Deputy Prime Minister[58] and Treasurer, an agreement that ended when Peters was sacked from Cabinet in August 1998.[59] Following the 2005 election, NZ First entered into a confidence and supply agreement with the minority Labour government that also saw Peters appointed as Foreign Minister but not as a member of the Cabinet.[59][60][61]
Shaw announced the Greens' negotiation team of himself, MP Eugenie Sage, acting chief of staff Tory Whanau, Green co-convenor Debs Martin and campaign staffer Andrew Campbell on 26 September.[62] Labour's negotiators will be led by leader Ardern and deputy leader Davis.[63]
Negotiations concluded on 12 October, with "extensive dossiers" provided to NZ First from both Labour and National. The NZ First Board met alongside the parliamentary caucus on 16 October to begin the process of formally choosing a coalition partner.[64]
On 19 October, NZ First announced the formation of a minority coalition government with Labour. As part of the agreement, NZ First will have four portfolios inside Cabinet and one outside. Winston Peters accepted an offer of the role of Deputy Prime Minister.
The Greens will have three portfolios outside Cabinet and one parliamentary under-secretary as a result of a confidence and supply agreement reached between them and Labour.[65]
Cabinet and ministerial roles[edit]
On 20 October 2017, the names of Labour's 16 Cabinet ministers were announced as Jacinda Ardern, David Clark, Clare Curran, Kelvin Davis, Chris Hipkins, Iain Lees-Galloway, Andrew Little, Nanaia Mahuta, Stuart Nash, Damien O'Connor, David Parker, Grant Robertson, Jenny Salesa, Carmel Sepuloni, Phil Twyford, and Megan Woods. The Labour ministers outside cabinet were Kris Faafoi, Peeni Henare, Willie Jackson, William Sio, and Meka Whaitiri.[66]
The Green Party announced on 21 October its three ministers outside cabinet and one parliamentary under-secretary slots as James Shaw, Julie Anne Genter, Jan Logie and Eugenie Sage.[67]
Campaigning[edit]
Expense limits and broadcasting allocations[edit]
During the three-month regulated period prior to election day (i.e. 23 June to 22 September 2017), parties and candidates have limits on how much they may spend on election campaigning. It is illegal in New Zealand to campaign on election day itself.[68]
For the 2017 election, every registered party contending the party vote is permitted to spend $1,115,000 plus $26,200 per electorate candidate on election campaigning during the regulated period, excluding radio and television campaigning (broadcasting funding is allocated separately). A party contesting all 71 electorates is therefore permitted to spend $2,975,200 on election campaigning.[69] All electorate candidates are permitted to spend $26,200 each on campaigning over and above their party's allocation.[70]
Registered parties are allocated a separate broadcasting budget for radio and television campaigning. Only money from the broadcasting allocation can be used to purchase airtime; the actual production costs of advertisements can come from the general election expenses budget. The Electoral Commission sets the amount of broadcasting funds each party gets; generally the allocation is based on the number of seats in the current Parliament, previous election results, and support in opinion polls. The initial broadcasting allocation was released on 26 May 2017.[71] The broadcasting allocation was revised on 23 August 2017, redistributing funds from parties that failed to register in time for the election.[72]
Party
Broadcasting allocation
National $1,370,860
Labour $1,105,533
Green $530,656
NZ First $420,102
Māori $132,664
ACT $99,498
United Future $99,498
Conservative $55,277
Internet $55,277
Mana $55,277
Ban 1080 $44,221
Democrats $44,221
Legalise Cannabis $44,221
Opportunities $44,221
Outdoors $44,221
Third party promoters, such as trade unions and lobby groups, can campaign during the regulated period. The maximum expense limit is $315,000 for those promoters registered with the Electoral Commission,[73] and $12,600 for unregistered promoters.[74] As of 19 August 2017[update], the following third party promoters were registered:[75]
ActionStation
New Zealand Aged Care Association
New Zealand Council of Trade Unions
E tū
Family First New Zealand
Hobson's Pledge
New Zealand Nurses Organisation
Post Primary Teachers' Association
New Zealand Public Service Association
New Zealand Taxpayers' Union
Tertiary Education Union
Thomas Enright
New Zealand Union of Students' Associations
Issues[edit]
In a January 2017 poll conducted by Roy Morgan Research, 26 percent of respondents named housing supply and affordability as the most important issue facing New Zealand, while another 17 percent named poverty and income inequality.[76]
Education[edit]
On 27 August 2017, National pledged a $379 million education package. New "digital academies" focused on IT training and similar to existing trades academies, would be introduced for 1,000 year-12 and 13 students at a cost of $48 million. There would also be investments of $126 million to improve maths achievements for primary school students and $160 million to give all primary school students the opportunity to learn a second language if they wished. There would be an expansion of the National Standards scheme that would allow parents to check the progress of their child via their mobile phone.[77]
Labour leader Jacinda Ardern announced on 14 August 2017 that the party is reinstating a 2015 pledge to assist school students to learn to drive and budget. Five driving lessons and the fees for the licence test would be free, and students would be taught life skills and budgeting.[78] On 29 August, Ardern announced that Labour would implement its 2016 policy of three years free tertiary education, starting with one year in 2018 and expanding to two years in 2021 and three years in 2024. She also announced a $50 per week increase in the student allowance and student loan living costs.[79]
The ACT party continues to support partnership (charter) schools, with intentions to allow state schools to convert into partnership schools.[80] ACT leader David Seymour said on 2 September 2017 that the party would give schools $975 million more, so long as they abandon nationally negotiated union contracts. Schools would be funded $93,000 per teacher in a bulk funding arrangement and would be free to allocate the grant how they wanted, with principals able to decide how much to pay individual teachers. Teachers' pay would be boosted by $20,000 on average, and the payments would reward good teachers and attract "our brightest graduates" to careers in teaching.[81][82]
Housing[edit]
According to Quotable Value, residential house prices across New Zealand have increased 34.2% between June 2014 and June 2017, from an average of $476,000 to an average of $639,000. In the Auckland metro area, the increase has been 45.5% in the same period, from $718,000 to $1,045,000.[83]
ACT announced its housing policy on 6 August 2017, proposing to scrap the urban rural boundary to free up land for those who want to subdivide and build, claiming that this creates room for 600,000 possible houses.[84]
Green Party leader James Shaw reaffirmed on 22 August the party's intention to introduce a capital gains tax, saying that it was "a priority" for the party and a measure "we want to see addressed in a first term of a new government." Shaw said the fact that New Zealand was one of the only countries in the developed world without a consistent capital gains tax had helped fuel inequality between "those who don't own a home and those who now own ten".[85]
Labour announced on 3 September it would extend the landlords' termination notice period to 90 days (from 42 days), abolish termination without cause, and limit rent increases to once every 12 months (from 6 months). This is in addition to previously announced policies of extending the "bright-line test" for taxing capital gains on residential properties from two years to five years, and abolishing negative gearing on investment properties.[86]
Immigration[edit]
According to Statistics New Zealand estimates, New Zealand's net migration (long-term arrivals minus long-term departures) in the June 2016/17 year was 72,300.[87] This was up from 38,300 in the June 2013/14 year.[88] Of those migrants specifying a region of settlement, 61 percent settled in the Auckland region.[89]
Labour has promised to reduce net immigration by about 20–30,000 annually, partly by reducing the number of students enrolled in "low value" courses that are susceptible to being used as a subterfuge for immigration. The party says it would introduce a stricter test regime to ensure employers seek to hire New Zealanders before recruiting overseas applicants, and would require skilled migrants to stay and work in the region their visa was issued for.[90]
National planned to count migrants as "skilled" only if the job they were coming to paid more than about $49,000 a year, but the plan was opposed by employers who said their businesses would be put at risk by the blocking of foreign workers. Immigrants now only need to be paid over $41,859 a year – resulting in about 6000 more workers being able to stay in the country longer. Those earning less will be considered low-skilled and can stay in the country for a maximum of three years, after which a stand-down period applies before they can apply to come back. National plans to introduce legislation in 2018 that would raise the residency requirements for superannuation from 10 to 20 years.[90]
NZ First leader Winston Peters vowed to reduce net immigration to around 10,000 per year. Peters said that unemployed New Zealanders will be trained to take jobs as the number is reduced, and the number of older immigrants will be limited, with more bonded to the regions.[90]
The Green Party proposed that migration should be capped to 1 per cent of population growth, but later abandoned that policy due to the perception that the Greens were pandering to anti-immigrant rhetoric.
ACT has "long opposed populist attacks on immigrants", according to David Seymour.[91] ACT wants immigrants to "demonstrate they've earned above the average wage in their field" to get residency, and it will put an end to foreigners leaving their kids in New Zealand while paying taxes overseas by implementing an "infrastructure charge" of $10 per day for a maximum of a year for all migrants.[92]
The Opportunities Party (TOP) wants a change so that immigration would not be driven by student visas or reciprocal visitor working visas. The party would also abandon the requirement for highly-skilled migrants to have a job to come to.[90]
Rail transport[edit]
National Party leader and Prime Minister Bill English announced on 6 August 2017 that there would be a $267 million investment in Auckland and Wellington commuter rail, which would include (in Auckland) electrification of the line between Papakura and Pukekohe, a third line between Westfield and Wiri, and (in Wellington) double-tracking the line between Trentham and Upper Hutt, and several other improvements.[93]
Labour announced on 6 August 2017 that it would accelerate the building of a proposed light rail system between Auckland CBD and Auckland Airport so that it would be completed within a decade. The plan is part of Labour's wider transport improvements that would include a light rail link to west Auckland, an eventual extension of light rail to the North Shore, a bus network between Howick and the airport, electrification from Papakura to Pukekohe, a third main line between Westfield and Papakura, and other rail and road improvements.[94][95] On 21 August 2017, the party's leader Jacinda Ardern announced a $20 million plan for a passenger rail service linking Auckland, Hamilton and Tauranga. She said that the region would grow by 800,000 people in the next 25 years, and that rail was historically a fundamental travel mode and it was time that it was again.[96]
The Green Party announced on 17 August 2017 that it would introduce a passenger rail service between Auckland, Hamilton and Tauranga on a trial basis from 2019. The party had previously said that its policy was to complete the electrification of the rail network between Auckland and Hamilton and extend electrification to Tauranga.[97] On 25 August 2017, Green party plans for a light rail line between Wellington Railway Station and Wellington Airport via Newtown were announced. The party would establish the line by 2027, and it could form the spine of an extended network north to Epuni via central Lower Hutt and south to Island Bay.[98]
Party campaigns[edit]
National[edit]
National was campaigning for a fourth term in government. If successful, it would have been the first four-term government since the Second National Government (1960–72). National revealed the design of its first tranche of party hoardings in early July, featuring leader Bill English and the slogan "Delivering for New Zealanders".[99]
On 20 August 2017, English announced that the government, if re-elected, planned to build ten new "Roads of National Significance" at a cost of $10.5 billion. Four-laning the Hawke's Bay Expressway, a solution for the Manawatu Gorge road (closed after rock falls in April 2017 and a long history of such falls),[100] and a highway from Wellsford to Whangarei were included.[101][102]
The party announced on 13 August 2017 that it would create a new bootcamp for youth offenders at the Waiouru Military Camp. English said that there were about 150 "very serious young offenders". The justice minister said that a new Young Serious Offender (YSO) classification would be established for the group.[103]
Prime Minister Bill English and Health Minister Jonathan Coleman announced on 19 August 2017 that a new hospital costing more than $1.2 billion would be built to replace Dunedin Hospital, rather than refurbishing the existing building. It would be expected to open in 7–10 years.[104] On 21 August, English and Coleman announced a pledge that 600,000 low income people would have access to $18 doctors' visits. The Community Services Card would also be expanded to an additional 350,000 people with low incomes and high housing costs.[105]
The party's infrastructure spokesman Steven Joyce announced on 2 September 2017 that a National Infrastructure Commission would be set up to help expand and oversee public–private partnerships (PPPs). The commission would supervise large infrastructure projects, such as the building of new schools, roads, and hospitals, which would be built as PPPs. It was likely that the first project would be the $50 million rebuild of Whangarei Boys' High School, but several other large projects totalling several billion dollars were also being considered.[106]
Labour[edit]
Ardern campaigning at the University of Auckland, 1 September 2017
Labour announced it would reverse the tax cuts included in the 2017 Budget and instead increase Working for Families rates and introduce a new benefit for families with children under 3 years old. It also would introduce a winter heating supplement for people on superannuation and benefits.[107]
On 1 August 2017, party leader Andrew Little resigned on the back of poor opinion polling performance. Deputy leader Jacinda Ardern was unanimously elected leader by the party caucus, while Kelvin Davis was unanimously elected deputy leader to replace Ardern.[108] The leadership change saw a large boost in the Labour Party's support – the party had received $250,000 in donations and signed up 1000 volunteers within 24 hours of the leadership change, according to party secretary Andrew Kirton.[109]
The design for Labour's first tranche of party hoardings was released in early July, featuring both Little and Ardern with the slogan "A fresh approach".[99] After the change of leadership, the new hoardings solely featured Ardern with the new slogan "Let's do this".[110]
On 26 August, Ardern announced a plan to cut fees for visits to doctors. Community Services Card holders would be charged $8 for a visit to a doctor, teenagers would be charged $2, and under–13s would still pay nothing. The cost for an average adult would fall from $42 to $32.[111]
Labour's finance spokesman Grant Robertson announced on 14 September 2017, nine days before the election, that there would be "no new taxes or levies" until after the 2020 election. Any changes arising from its tax working group would not take effect until 2021. Robertson's announcement reversed the position taken by leader Jacinda Ardern who had reserved the right to implement changes before obtaining a mandate at the 2020 election, and came as a Newshub-Reid Research poll showed National rising at the expense of Labour. Labour had gone into the previous two general elections with a capital gains tax policy.[112]
Green[edit]
The Green Party launched its election campaign on 9 July in Nelson. Bryce Edwards writing for The New Zealand Herald claimed the party's policies announced in the run up to the election show that: "After years of watering down policies and desperately trying to make themselves more respectable to the mainstream, they have made an abrupt shift to the left". One of the major announcements has been the party's new radical welfare reform proposals. Social policy academic and welfare campaigner Susan St John gave the social welfare reforms a "definite thumbs up", pointing to two "breathtakingly bold policies" within the reforms. These two aspects included in the reforms are, one: "sole parents to keep their sole parent support when they attempt to repartner. She is the one to say, not WINZ [Work and Income New Zealand], when she is in a partnership in the nature of marriage". A second aspect would be to make "the In–Work Tax Credit available to all low income families".[113]
The party also announced as part of its 'Families Package' it would lower the bottom rate of tax to 9%, introduce a new top rate of tax of 40% on those with an income over $150,000 and increase all core benefits by 20%.[114]
Another policy announced by the party is introducing an interim $0.10 per litre excise levy on bottled water. This would be in place until "a proposed working party helped develop a system to charge all commercial water users 'a fair amount'".[115]
On 16 July 2017, co-leader Metiria Turei publicly admitted that she had not disclosed to Work and Income New Zealand that she was accepting rent from flatmates while on the Domestic Purposes Benefit in the early 1990s,[116] and admitted on 3 August 2017 that she had registered a false residential address to vote for a friend who was running in the Mount Albert electorate in 1993.[117] On 7 August 2017,[118] MPs David Clendon and Kennedy Graham announced that they planned to resign as Green Party candidates for the 2017 election, due to Turei's revelations and her handling of the resulting situation.[119] Both Clendon and Graham resigned from the party caucus the following day,[120] after the party made moves to remove them involuntarily.[119]
On 9 August 2017, Turei resigned as co-leader and as a list candidate for the 2017 election, saying that the "scrutiny on [her] family has become unbearable".[121] She will campaign on the party's behalf in the Te Tai Tonga Māori electorate,[122] and will retire from Parliament at the election.[121] Per their constitution, the Green Party will choose a replacement co-leader at the next annual general meeting in 2018, leaving James Shaw as the sole party leader through the election campaign.[121][123]
On 21 August 2017, the party promised free public transport for students and those aged under 19, to be achieved by means of a "green card". Green Party transport spokeswoman Julie Anne Genter said the cost of the card would be $70–80 million.[124]
The party announced plans on 2 September 2017 to counter pollution by introducing a tax on farmers of $2 per kilogram of nitrate (fertiliser), which it said would raise about $136 million per year. The party would also distribute funds and allow concessions to the agricultural sector in response to declining water quality.[125]
Leader James Shaw said on 17 September 2017 that the party wanted a capital gains tax, exclusive of the family home, to be implemented in the first year after the election, if Labour and the Greens formed a coalition government. Labour had already said that if it became the government, any capital gains tax recommendations made by its tax working group would not be implemented until after the 2020 election.[126]
New Zealand First[edit]
New Zealand First launched its campaign in Palmerston North on 25 June 2017. Announced policies include ring-fencing GST to the regions it is collected from, writing off student loans of people willing to work outside major centres,[127] cutting net immigration to 10,000 per year, retaining the superannuation age at 65, and holding two binding referenda on whether Māori electorates should be abolished and whether the number of MPs should be reduced to 100.[128]
New Zealand First is also campaigning on increasing the minimum wage to $17.[129] They would later increase it to $20.[130]
On 31 August 2017, party leader Winston Peters announced a policy of relocating the Port of Auckland to Marsden Point by 2027.[131] Peters had vowed in July that a Northport rail connection to Marsden Point at a cost of up to $1 billion was non-negotiable in any post–election coalition between NZ First and either National or Labour.[132]
Māori[edit]
The Māori Party election campaign focuses on protecting indigenous rights. In previous elections their policies have included improving public transport with fewer emissions, giving tax breaks to lower income earners, taking GST off food products, and banning the use of controversial 1080 poison.[133] Their policies have not yet been updated on their website; however they did recently release a policy for a new rail scheme called IwiRail[134] which they say will open up the regions to freight and tourism. Since the 2008 general election, the party has provided parliamentary support to the Fifth National Government.
ACT[edit]
Since the 2008 general election, the party has provided parliamentary support to the Fifth National Government.
ACT has announced policies including tax cuts, with the top personal tax bracket reducing from 33% to 25%,[135][136][non-primary source needed] and raising the age of superannuation[137] from 65 to 67 gradually every 2 months starting in 2020.[138][non-primary source needed]
The Opportunities Party (TOP)[edit]
In taxation, the party would deem a minimum rate of return for all assets (including housing, land and business assets) and charge a tax on it. At the same time, reduce income tax rates so that the total tax take remains unchanged. The changes will be done gradually to ensure house prices remain stable while incomes grow.[139] The party considers the existing tax regime to favour owners of capital and to over-tax wage earners, to favour home-owners and to disadvantage those who rent their home, and to encourage investment in real estate rather than productive businesses.[140]
They would tighten immigration laws and shift the focus to attracting highly skilled migrants. Criteria for immigrants would involve demonstrating they can help improve the living standards of all New Zealanders, limiting net immigration to 1% population growth per annum (i.e. 47,900 based on June 2017 population),[141] and making access to permanent residency harder and longer.[142]
The party's founder, Gareth Morgan, announced plans to almost halve the number of prison inmates by 2027. Morgan said "New Zealand has some of the world's worst and most outdated criminal justice policies", and to reduce the prison population by 40%, the party wants to scrap the 'three strikes' law, extend eligibility for the Youth Court to offenders under 20, and increase funding for restorative justice.[143]
United Future[edit]
On 21 August 2017, United Future leader and sole MP Peter Dunne announced that he was quitting politics at the election, citing recent polling and his perception that there was a mood for change in his seat of Ōhāriu.[144] United Future's candidate for the Botany electorate took over as leader shortly after, promising to move his party towards Labour because of its stance on social issues.[145]
Major debates[edit]
Television New Zealand (TVNZ) hosted three television leaders' debates; two between the National and Labour leaders, and one where the leaders of the secondary and minor parties were also invited. The two National-Labour debates were to be moderated by Newstalk ZB and Seven Sharp host Mike Hosking. Hosking withdrew from moderating the multi-party debate due to illness; the debate was instead moderated by 1 News political editor Corin Dann.[146] It also hosted an online debate focusing on young voters and youth issues, moderated by Breakfast host Jack Tame.[147]
Three hosted one television leaders' debate between the National and Labour leaders on 4 September. The debate was moderated by Newshub political editor Patrick Gower.[148]
Fairfax again hosted a debate, the Stuff Leaders Debate (formerly called The Press Leaders Debate), between the National and Labour leaders on 7 September. It was moderated by Fairfax's South Island editor-in-chief Joanna Norris and Stuff political editor Tracy Watkins, and was streamed online.[149]
Date
Organiser(s)
Subject
Participants
National
Labour
Green
NZ First
Māori
ACT
United Future
Mana
TOP
22 August Māori TV[150] Māori voters Absent Present
Davis Present
Shaw Absent Present
Flavell Absent Absent Present
Harawira Present
Morgan
26 August Three[151] Not invited Not invited Present
Shaw Absent Present
Fox Present
Seymour Absent Present
Harawira Present
Morgan
30 August ASB / Newshub[152] Finance Present
Joyce Present
Robertson Present
Shaw Present
Peters Not invited Present
Seymour Not invited Not invited Not invited
31 August TVNZ[147] Present
English Present
Ardern Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
4 September Three[148] Present
English Present
Ardern Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
6 September The Spinoff[153] Present
Bennett Present
Davis Present
Davidson Present
Jones Present
Fox Present
Seymour Not invited Not invited Present
Morgan
7 September Stuff[149] Present
English Present
Ardern Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
8 September TVNZ[147][154] Absent Absent Present
Shaw Absent Present
Fox Present
Seymour Present
Light Not invited Not invited[155]
14 September Stuff[156] Finance Present
Joyce Present
Robertson Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
14 September TVNZ[147] Young voters Present
Bishop Present
Faafoi Present
Swarbrick Present
Ball Present
Stoddart-Smith Present
Seymour Present
Light Not invited Not invited
19 September WWF NZ[157] Environment Present
Bayly Present
Woods Present
Shaw Present
O'Rourke Present
Stoddart-Smith Absent Present
Light Absent Present
Moore
20 September TVNZ[147] Present
English Present
Ardern Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
Endorsements[edit]
Unlike in other countries, political endorsements in New Zealand by media and people outside the political sphere are rare.[158] The following people and organisations have either endorsed the following parties and candidates:
National Party
Mark Richardson, radio and television host and former Black Cap[159]
Labour Party
Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the British Labour Party[160]
Dick Hubbard, former Mayor of Auckland[161]
Hollie Smith, singer[162]
David Tua, boxer[163]
Guy Williams, comedian[164]
Anika Moa, singer[165]
Taika Waititi, filmmaker[166]
Green Party
Gordon McLauchlan, author[167]
Guy Williams, comedian[164]
Epsom – David Seymour for ACT
Bill English, Prime Minister and leader of National Party.[168]
Opinion polling[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the New Zealand general election, 2017
Opinion polls have been undertaken periodically since the 2014 election, primarily by MediaWorks New Zealand, Roy Morgan Research, and Television New Zealand. The graph on the left below shows the collated results of all polls for parties that polled above the 5% electoral threshold at the 2014 election; the graph on the right shows results for parties that polled between 1% and 4.9%, or won an electorate seat, at the 2014 election.
Seat predictions[edit]
The use of mixed-member proportional representation allows ready conversion of a party's support into a party vote percentage and therefore a number of seats in Parliament. Projections generally assume no changes to electorate seats each party holds (ACT retains Epsom, Māori retains Waiariki, Labour retains Te Tai Tokerau, etc.) unless there is a specific reason to assume change. For example, after Peter Dunne announced his retirement, projections stopped assuming United Future would retain Ōhāriu. Other parties that do not pass the 5% threshold are assumed to not to win an electorate and therefore gain no seats.
Radio New Zealand takes a "poll of polls" average to produce their forecast. The New Zealand Herald bases theirs on a predictive model incorporating poll data as well as past election results and past poll accuracy.[169] Newshub and 1 News and produce projections based on their own polls only.
When determining the scenarios for the overall result, the minimum parties necessary to form majority governments are listed (provided parties have indicated openness to working together). Actual governments formed may include other parties beyond the minimum required for a majority. This happened after the 2014 election, when National only needed one seat from another party to reach a 61-seat majority, but they formed a 64-seat government with Māori, ACT and United Future.
Party
Newshub[170]
13–20 Sep 2017 poll [final]
1 News[171]
15–19 Sep 2017 poll [final]
Roy Morgan[172]
28 Aug–10 Sep 2017 poll [final]
Radio NZ[173]
as of 21 Sep 2017 [final]
NZ Herald[174]
as of 22 Sep 2017 [final]
Stuff[175]
as of 22 Sep 2017 [final]
Official result
National 56 58 50 55 56 (±2) 54 56
Labour 45 46 49 46 47 (±3) 46 46
NZ First 9 6 7 8 9 (±2) 7 9
Green 9 9 11 9 7 (±2) 10 8
ACT 1 1* 1 1 1 1 1
Māori 2** 1 2 1 1 1 0
Seats in Parliament
122 121 120 120 120[nb 1] 120[nb 2] 120
Overall result (majority)
National−NZ First (65) National−NZ First (64) Labour−Green−Māori (62) National–NZ First (63) National–NZ First (65) National–NZ First (61) National–NZ First (65)
Labour−Green−NZ First (63) Labour−Green−NZ First (61) Labour−Green−NZ First (63) Labour−Green–NZ First (62) Labour−Green–NZ First (63) Labour−Green–NZ First (63)
* indicates an overhang seat
Jump up ^ The Herald's forecasted numbers are the medians of all likely outcomes for that party. The sum of the parties' forecasted seats does not necessarily equal the total likely seats in Parliament. In this table, "Seats in Parliament" is calculated by adding the number of forecast overhang seats to 120, even if the individual parties' seat projections do not add up to this number.
Jump up ^ Stuff's projected numbers add up to 119, but this outcome is impossible. Calculation (based on exact percentage) shows that 120th and last seat would be allocated to Labour. Taking into account that the polling average have three significant figures it is not possible to decide which party get the last seat.
Post-election events[edit]
Leadership changes[edit]
Main article: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand female co-leadership election, 2018
As Metiria Turei stepped down as co-leader of the Green Party during the midst of the election and the party did not have adequate time to elect a replacement, an election for the female co-leadership is to be conducted at the 2018 party annual general meeting.[176]
Local by-elections[edit]
Deputy-Mayor of Wellington Paul Eagle resigned his seat on the council after he was elected MP for Rongotai, necessitating a council by-election in the Southern Ward.[177] By-elections will also occur in Hastings after the resignations of Mayor Lawrence Yule who was elected MP for Tukituki and councillor Adrienne Pierce, who stood down from the council in August to contest Palmerston North for National.[178]
Electoral offences[edit]
On 2 October 2017, the Electoral Commission referred four alleged electoral offences to Police. These all involved social media posts of electoral statements during the election silence period of midnight to 7:00pm on election day – a breach of section 197(1)(g)(i) of the Electoral Act. Two of these incidents concerned Sean Plunket, the communications director of TOP party.[179] On 18 October 2017, the Electoral Commission referred a subsequent offence to Police about TVNZ re-broadcasting a bulletin of Te Karere during the silence period.[180]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2017 New Zealand election.
Elections in New Zealand
Politics in New Zealand
List of political parties in New Zealand
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Changes are relative to the 2014 election results; in 2015 National lost one seat and New Zealand First gained one due to the effects of the Northland by-election.
^ Jump up to: a b c New party
^ Jump up to: a b Contested the 2014 election as part of Internet Mana, which won 1.42% of the vote.
Jump up ^ Total reduced to 120 as an overhang occurred in the 2014 election but did not occur this time.
Jump up ^ Labour and NZ First coalition government, supported by the Green Party.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Watch the dissolution of Parliament on Tuesday 22 August". New Zealand Parliament. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Enrolment statistics by electorate". Electoral Commission of New Zealand. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Preliminary Results for the 2017 General Election" (Press release). Electoral Commission of New Zealand. 24 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Advance voting statistics". Electoral Commission of New Zealand. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Phipps, Claire; Roy, Eleanor Ainge (23 September 2017). "NZ First's Winston Peters kingmaker in New Zealand hung parliament – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "UnitedFuture proud of it's [sic] history, but all good things must end". Damian Light. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kirk, Stacey (24 September 2017). "ACT's David Seymour cut adrift by Bill English ahead of negotiations with Winston Peters". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "New Zealand 2017 General Election – Official Results" (Press release). Electoral Commission of New Zealand. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "New Zealand First wins balance of power in final election tally, leaving Winston Peters in kingmaker position". ABC News. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Moir, Jo (19 October 2017). "Labour finally retake power after Winston Peters gives Jacinda Ardern his support". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Electoral Amendment Bill – New Zealand Parliament". Parliament.nz. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Broadcasting (Election Programmes and Election Advertising) Amendment Bill – New Zealand Parliament". Parliament.nz. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who can and can't enrol?". Electoral Commission.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand Election Results". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Electoral Act 1993, Sec. 125". Legislation.co.nz. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "General election key dates". Electoral Commission (New Zealand). Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Electoral Act 1993, Sec. 139". Legislation.co.nz. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Live: Prime Minister Bill English unveils date for 2017 general election". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 1 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 General Election timetable". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Watch the dissolution of Parliament on Tuesday 22 August". New Zealand Parliament. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Party Secretary Handbook: General Election" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Section 63, Electoral Act 1993
Jump up ^ "Register of Political Parties". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Henry Cooke, Jo Moir, Tracy Watkins (21 June 2017). "Damage control as MP Todd Barclay stands down at September election". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 21 June 2017. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Moir, Jo (29 November 2016). "In hindsight National's Chester Borrows says he "could have had more fights" as an MP". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Green Party MPS Catherine Delahunty and Steffan Browning not seeking re-election". Green Party. 15 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Green MPs quit in protest over Metiria Turei". The New Zealand Herald. 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour MP Cosgrove won't stand again". The New Zealand Herald. 10 April 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "David Cunliffe to retire from politics". The New Zealand Herald. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dunne's done: United Future leader to quit Parliament". radionz.co.nz. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Stacey Kirk (14 December 2016). "Craig Foss to step down from Cabinet as calls for rejuvenation claim another victim". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "National MP Paul Foster-Bell to stand down at election". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 26 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "National MP Jo Goodhew quits after being dumped from Cabinet". The New Zealand Herald. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Young, Audrey (14 March 2017). "John Key set to leave Parliament next week". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vernon Small (1 March 2017). "Labour deputy Annette King to stand down and leave politics at election". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Jo Moir (13 December 2016). "Former Corrections Minister Sam Lotu-Iiga won't run in the election next year". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Murray McCully quitting politics". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Labour MP Sue Moroney to step down at 2017 election". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Galuszka, Jono (3 November 2016). "Palmerston North MP Jono Naylor quitting politics after one term". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Jones, Nicholas (19 October 2016). "Education minister Hekia Parata will not contest next general election". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "NZ First MP Barbara Stewart's husband's death has prompted her decision to leave Parliament". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "MP Lindsay Tisch not to seek re-election". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 20 June 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Jones, Nicholas (26 July 2016). "National and Pakuranga MP Maurice Williamson to leave Parliament". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "National releases 2017 Party List". National Party. 30 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Andrew Little will not stand for New Plymouth MP seat after two defeats". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 17 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Boyack, Nicholas (25 July 2016). "Labour MP Trevor Mallard vacates Hutt South electorate to apply for Speaker position". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Labour's Māori-MPs opt to go electorate only and not seek list places". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 21 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fortnight to replace old election billboards". Otago Daily Times. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Metiria Turei resigns as Green co-leader". Newshub. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Information for voters in Te Tai Tonga". Electoral Commission – elections.org.nz. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Sections 190 and 191, Electoral Act 1993
Jump up ^ "Official Count Results -- Overall Status". Electoral Commission. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "New face ready to swing Hamilton West". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour MP Sue Moroney pulls out of election". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Flahive, brad (23 September 2017). "Chloe Swarbrick set to become New Zealand's youngest MP in 42 years". Stuff.co.nz.
Jump up ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (7 October 2017). "New Zealand election: full results give Labour boost and nation its first refugee MP". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Davison, Isaac (29 September 2014). "Act deal: No portfolio for David Seymour". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Barnes, Steven (2009). "'What About Me? Deputy Prime Ministership in New Zealand'". Political Science. 61 (1): 33–49. doi:10.1177/00323187090610010401.
^ Jump up to: a b Bracewell-Worrall, Anna (25 September 2017). "Winston Peters: How the kingmaker has ruled – and fallen – before". Newshub. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Hill, Ruth (17 October 2005). "Making Peters Foreign Affairs Minister 'bad for country's image'". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 July 2007.
Jump up ^ "NZ gets anti-migrant foreign minister". The Age. AAP. 18 October 2005. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Walters, Laura (26 September 2017). "Green Party announces coalition negotiating team". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ardern and Davis to lead Labour negotiating team". Radio New Zealand. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Winston Peters says NZ First board meeting will be on Monday". Stuff. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (19 October 2017). "Jacinda Ardern to be New Zealand's next prime minister after Labour coalition deal". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who's in, who's out? Labour announces Cabinet, ministerial line up". 20 October 2017 – via www.nzherald.co.nz.
Jump up ^ "Green Party announces ministers". 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Section 197, Electoral Act 1993.
Jump up ^ Section 206C, Electoral Act 1993.
Jump up ^ Section 205C, Electoral Act 1993.
Jump up ^ "2017 Broadcasting Allocation" (PDF). Electoral Commission. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 Variation Broadcasting Allocation Decision Released" (PDF). Electoral Commission. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Section 206V, Electoral Act 1993.
Jump up ^ Section 204B, Electoral Act 1993.
Jump up ^ "Register of Promoters 2017 General Election". Electoral Commission.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand's 'Housing Crisis' dominates domestic issues as New Zealand heads towards September Election". Roy Morgan Research. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "National launches official campaign with $379 million education bid". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 27 August 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour relaunches toolkit for teenagers leaving school". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Small, Vernon; Kirk, Stacey; Cooke, Henry (29 August 2017). "Big boost for education, tertiary study as Labour unveils spending plan". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Allow state schools to become charter schools – ACT Party". Newshub. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "ACT says it will give schools $20k more per teacher, if they abandon union contracts". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ACT promises bulk funding if schools drop union contracts". Radio New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "Residential House Values". Quotable Value. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ACT promises 600,000 new homes on Auckland outskirts". Newshub. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Greens reaffirm capital gains tax policy, if in Government". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Small, Vernon (3 September 2017). "Labour strengthens renters' rights with limits on rent rises, 90-day notices". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "National Population Estimates: At 30 June 2017". Statistics New Zealand. 14 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "National Population Estimates: At 30 June 2014". Statistics New Zealand. 14 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "International Travel and Migration: June 2017 – tables". Statistics New Zealand.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Policy series: where do the parties stand on immigration?". The New Zealand Herald. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Seymour, David (2017). Own Your Future. Auckland: ACT New Zealand. p. 94.
Jump up ^ Seymour, David (2017). Own Your Future. Auckland: ACT New Zealand. p. 103.
Jump up ^ "National's mega transport plan announced". The New Zealand Herald. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour promises light rail to Auckland Airport within a decade". Newshub. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour's roll runs into National's rock". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour to spend $20m on commuter rail between Auckland, Hamilton and Tauranga". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Green Party promises Auckland-Hamilton-Tauranga passenger rail". The New Zealand Herald. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Greens plan light rail to Wellington Airport by 2027". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Andrew Little – Jacinda Ardern double act for Labour campaign advertising". The New Zealand Herald. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Next Manawatū Gorge rock fall could be 170 times larger than two previous slips". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill English goes big on roading knowing Labour had no new policy to counter with". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "National announce $10.5 billion roading plan". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Special bootcamp for youth offenders at Waiouru army camp, under National". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "$1.2b new hospital in Dunedin will be NZ's most expensive". The New Zealand Herald. 19 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "National pledges $18 doctors visits for an extra 600,000 New Zealanders". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "National to set up new commission to handle public-private partnerships". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Struggling families would get more under Labour – Little". Radio New Zealand. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Andrew Little quits: Jacinda Ardern is new Labour leader, Kelvin Davis is deputy".
Jump up ^ Cook, Henry; Watkins, Tracy (2 August 2017). "'Fresh approach is gone': Jacinda Ardern culls Labour's campaign slogan as donations fly in". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Watch: 'Let's Do This' – Jacinda Ardern reveals Labour's new slogan as party starts fresh election campaign". Retrieved 12 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour announces plan to slash doctors' fees for all Kiwis". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 26 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour tidies up tax policy, will delay new changes until 2020". Nzherald.co.nz. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Political Roundup: The Greens get radical. The New Zealand Herald. Author – Bryce Edwards (lecturer in Politics at the University of Otago). Published 19 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
Jump up ^ 'Poverty should never be used as a weapon' – Metiria Turei. Radio New Zealand. Published 17 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Sivignon, Cherie (9 July 2017). "Greens announce 10c excise levy plan for bottled water at election campaign launch". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Benefit raise, tax cuts for poorest and hikes for wealthy in new Greens policy". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Kirk, Stacey (4 August 2017). "Metiria Turei admits she registered a false address to vote". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Statement from James Shaw on Kennedy Graham and David Clendon". Scoop.co.nz. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Patterson, Jane; McCulloch, Craig (8 August 2017). "Green Party in chaos after two MPs rebel". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rogue Green MPs withdraw from caucus – party 'united' behind co-leader Metiria Turei". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 8 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Metiria Turei resigns as Green Party co-leader". Radio New Zealand. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "How it happened: Turei resigns as Green co-leader". Radio NZ – radionz.co.nz. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/parties/rules/green_party_rules_june_2012.pdf
Jump up ^ "Greens promise free public transport for students and young people". The New Zealand Herald. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Greens to tax pollution to help fund sustainable farming". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Greens target capital gains tax but Labour won't budge". Radio NZ – radionz.co.nz. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "NZ First launches on loans and regional returns". Radio New Zealand. 25 June 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Winston Peters delivers bottom-line binding referendum on abolishing Maori seats". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "State of the Parties: New Zealand First report card". newshub.co.nz. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand First sets $20 minimum wage goal if part of new government". tvnz.co.nz. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Flahive, Brad; Jacobson, Adam (31 August 2017). "Winston Peters promises shift of Auckland port to Northland". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Northland rail 'going to happen', Winston Peters promises". Newshub. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Maori Party policies at a glance". Newshub. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Maori Party proposes $350 million IwiRail". Newshub. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Budget 2017: ACT's substantial tax cut plan | Scoop News". www.scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tax. It's your money". ACT New Zealand. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "ACT party scathing of Govt's super policy". Newshub. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Superannuation". ACT New Zealand. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Cantin, John; Elwela, Darshana (15 December 2016). "The Opportunities Party asset tax policy released" (PDF). TaxMail. KPMG. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tax reform". The Opportunities Party. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "National Population Estimates: At 30 June 2017". Statistics New Zealand. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Smarter immigration". The Opportunities Party. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gareth Morgan wants to reduce prison population by 40 per cent". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "United Future leader and Ohariu MP Peter Dunne quits politics". The New Zealand Herald. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Meet Damian Light, United Future's New Leader". Newshub. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mike Hosking too unwell to host TVNZ's second debate". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 7 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "TVNZ's election leaders debate dates and coverage team for September's vote revealed". Television New Zealand. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Duncan Garner, Patrick Gower, Lisa Owen to front Three's election coverage". Newshub. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Stuff Leaders Debate promises to 'test the mettle' of main party leaders". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Election Aotearoa: The first leadership debate kicks off". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Minor Parties Debate". 26 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Decision 17 livestream: The ASB Great Finance Debate". newshub.co.nz.
Jump up ^ "The Spinoff Great Debate – 7pm Tonight on Facebook Live". The Spinoff. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Bryce (8 September 2017). "Political Roundup: Tonight's shrinking leaders debate". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Livingston, Tommy; Cooke, Henry (7 September 2017). "High Court rules TVNZ in the right to not allow Gareth Morgan's TOP in debate". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "Watch the Stuff Finance Debate". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "World Wildlife Fund for Nature invites parties to join in climate change debate". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Political endorsements rare in New Zealand". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mark Richardson declares himself as a National supporter, does that matter?". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "'Jacinda, do it for all of us' – Jeremy Corbyn". Newshub. 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Businessman and former mayor Dick Hubbard endorses Labour over climate change". The New Zealand Herald. 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Labour Party leader Jacinda Ardern, Helen Clark at campaign launch". The New Zealand Herald.
Jump up ^ "Jacinda Ardern storms the markets of South Auckland". 27 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Why Guy Williams supports Labour and the Greens". newshub.co.nz. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Twitter". Mobile.twitter.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Twitter". Mobile.twitter.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Author Gordon McLauchlan supports Green Party. Scoop. Published 7 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill English calls for tactical voting in Epsom, Ohariu to elect support party leaders". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Herald election forecasts explained". NZ Herald.
Jump up ^ "Newshub election poll: Either National, Labour could take power". Newshub.co.nz. 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "New poll: National takes huge lead in bombshell 1 NEWS Colmar Brunton poll". Television New Zealand. 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand Election on a knife edge but Labour favoured with the support of the Greens & Maori Party as 'Jacindamania' pulls support from National & New Zealand First". Roy Morgan.
Jump up ^ "Poll of the final polls - too complicated to call". Radio New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "Election forecast". New Zealand Herald.
Jump up ^ "Stuff poll of polls: Election result too close to call". Stuff.
Jump up ^ "Green Party Co-Leader Metiria Turei resigns as Co-leader". 9 August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ McAndrew, Ruby (24 September 2017). "Just when you thought it was safe to relax ... it's back to the polls in Wellington and Hastings". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Jump up ^ McAndrew, Ruby (28 September 2017). "Six candidates put their hats in the ring to be mayor of Hastings". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Referral to the Police – 2 October 2017". Electoral Commission. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Referral to the Police – 19 October 2017". Electoral Commission. 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
[show]
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Fifth National Government of New Zealand
New Zealand National Party
Leadership
John Key (2008–16)
Bill English (2016–17) (Prime Minister)
English (2008–16)
Paula Bennett (2016–17) (Deputy Prime Minister)'
Political parties
National Party (Main)
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John Key
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Non-
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National Party
Maurice Williamson
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Rodney Hide
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Nathan Guy (2008–09)
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Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand
New Zealand Labour Party
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Jacinda Ardern (Prime Minister)
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