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Gideon
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Gideon
Gideon from Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
Predecessor
Deborah
Successor
Abimelech
Parent(s)
Joash (father)
For other uses, see Gideon (disambiguation).
שופטים
Judges in the Bible
Italics indicate individuals not explicitly described as judges
Book of Joshua
Joshua
Book of Judges
Othniel
Ehud
Shamgar
Deborah
Gideon
Abimelech
Tola
Jair
Jephthah
Ibzan
Elon
Abdon
Samson
First Book of Samuel
Eli
Samuel
v
t
e
Gideon (/ˈɡɪdiən/) or Gedeon,[a] also named Jerubbaal,[b] and Jerubbesheth, was a military leader, judge and prophet whose calling and victory over the Midianites are recounted in chapters 6 to 8 of the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible.[1]
Gideon was the son of Joash, from the Abiezrite clan in the tribe of Manasseh and lived in Ephra (Ophrah).[2] As a leader of the Israelites, he won a decisive victory over a Midianite army despite a vast numerical disadvantage, leading a troop of 300 'valiant' men.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Names
2 Biblical narrative
2.1 Night attack
3 Textual history
4 Christian reception
5 Military references
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
Names[edit]
The nineteenth-century Strong's Concordance derives the name "Jerubbaal" from "Baal will contend", in accordance with the folk etymology given in Judges 6:32.[4][5] According to biblical scholar Lester Grabbe (2007), "[Judges] 6.32 gives a nonsensical etymology of his name; it means something like 'Let Baal be great.'"[6]
Likewise, where Strong gave the meaning "hewer" to the name Gideon, biblical scholar Simon John DeVries (1975) suggests the etymology "driver."[7][8]
According to modern scholars, the use of both names "Gideon" and "Jerubbaal" reflects two originally independent sets of stories combined by an editor who wishes them to be seen as referring to a single character.[9][8][10]
Biblical narrative[edit]
"Gideon thanks God for the Miracle of the Dew", painting by Maarten van Heemskerck (Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg)
As is the pattern throughout the Book of Judges, the Israelites again turned away from Yahweh after 40 years of peace brought by Deborah's victory over Canaan, and Midianites, Amalekites and other Bedouin peoples who harried Israel for seven years. God chose Gideon, a young man from the tribe of Manasseh, to free the people of Israel and to condemn their idolatry. The Angel of the Lord, or "the Lord’s angelic messenger"[11] came "in the character ... of a traveller who sat down in the shade [of the terebinth tree] to enjoy a little refreshment and repose"[12] and entered into conversation with Gideon. The narrative has echoes of the meeting between Abraham and the visitors who came to him in the terebinth trees of Mamre and promised Abraham and Sarah, in their old age, that they would have a son.[13]
The Angel of the Lord greeted Gideon:
The Lord is with you, you mighty man of valor!
Gideon requested proof of God's will by three miracles: firstly a sign from the Angel of the Lord, in which the angel appeared to Gideon and caused fire to shoot up out of a rock (Judges 6:11-22), and then two signs involving a fleece, performed on consecutive nights and the exact opposite of each other (Judges 6:36–40)
On God's instruction, Gideon destroyed the town's altar to Baal and the symbol of the goddess Asherah beside it, receiving the byname of Jerubbaal from his father:
Therefore on that day he (Joash) called him Jerubbaal, saying, Let Baal plead against him, because he hath thrown down his altar.[14]
He went on to send out messengers to gather together men from the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, as well as his own tribe of Manasseh, in order to meet an armed force of the people of Midian and the Amalek that had crossed the Jordan River, and they encamped at the Well of Harod in the Valley of Jezreel. But God informed Gideon that the men he had gathered were too many – with so many men, there would be reason for the Israelites to claim the victory as their own instead of acknowledging that God had saved them. God first instructed Gideon to send home those men who were afraid. Gideon invited any man who wanted to leave, to do so; 22,000 men returned home and 10,000 remained. Yet with the number, God told Gideon they were still too many and instructed him to bring them to the water and to keep only those who raised the water to their mouth, and while doing so, drank the water lapping it with their tongues as a dog laps. This amounted to 300 men (Judges 7:4–7).
Night attack[edit]
During the night, God instructed Gideon to approach the Midianite camp. There, Gideon overheard a Midianite man tell a friend of a dream in which "a loaf of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian",[15] causing their tent or camp to collapse. This was interpreted as meaning that God had given the Midianites over to Gideon. Gideon returned to the Israelite camp and gave each of his men a trumpet (shofar) and a clay jar with a torch hidden inside. Divided into three companies, Gideon and his 300 men marched on the enemy camp. He instructed them to blow the trumpet, give a battle cry and light torches, simulating an attack by a large force. As they did so, the Midianite army fled (Judges 7:17–22).
Gideon sent messengers ahead into Israel calling for the Ephraimites to pursue the retreating Midianites and two of their leaders, Oreb and Zeeb. Gideon and the three hundred pursued Zebah and Zalmunna, the two Midianite kings. When he had asked for provisions in his pursuit, the men of Succoth and Peniel refused and taunted Gideon. After capturing the two kings, Gideon punished the men of Succoth, and pulled down the tower of Peniel killing all the men there. Gideon invited his eldest son, Jether, to slay Zebah and Zalmunna, but being still young at the time, he did not have the confidence to carry out his father's request, so Zebah and Zalmunna called on Gideon to perform the deed himself. Gideon then killed Zebah and Zalmunna as justice for the death of his brothers (Judges 8:19-21).
The Israelites invited Gideon to become their king and to found a dynasty, but he refused, telling them that only God was their ruler (Judges 8:22-23). G. A. Cooke, writing in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges notes the discontinuity between Ephraimite anger towards Gideon shown in Judges 8:1-3 and the proposition of kingship over [all] Israel, and therefore concludes that "these verses appear to come from a [secondary] source".[16]
Gideon went on to make an ephod out of the gold won in battle, which eventually caused the whole of Israel to turn away from God yet again. Gideon had 70 sons from the many women he took as wives. He also had a Shechemite concubine who bore him a son whom he named Abimelech (which means "my father is king") (Judges 8:31).
There was peace in Israel for 40 years during the life of Gideon. As soon as Gideon died of old age, the Israelites again turned to worship the false god Baal-Berith and ignored the family of Gideon (Judges 8:33).
Textual history[edit]
In the early twentieth century, the text of Judges 6–8 was regarded by the "critical school" as a composite narrative, combining Jahwist, Elohist and Deuteronomic sources, with further interpolations and editorial comments of the Second Temple period.[17] Emil Hirsch alleged a historical nucleus in the narrative, reflecting the struggle of the tribe of Manasseh with hostile Bedouins across the Jordan, along with "reminiscences of tribal jealousies on the part of Ephraim" in the early period of Hebrew settlement, later conflated with the religious context of connecting Yahweh with the shrine at Ophrah.[17]
The core (Jahwist) narrative consists of Gideon wishing to avenge the death of his brothers, gathering 300 men of his own clan and pursuing the Midianite chiefs Zebah and Zalmunna, slaying them and consecrating an idol (ephod) made from the spoils of war, which makes his city of Ophrah the seat of an oracle and giving Gideon himself the status of a rich chief with a large harem (Judges 8 4:4-10a, 11-21, 24-27a, 29-32).[17]
The name Jerubbaal given to Gideon is originally a theophoric name meaning "Baal strives", but it was later given the interpretation of "let Baal strive against him" in order to avoid conflict with the more rigorous development of the religion of Yahweh in later centuries.[18]
Christian reception[edit]
Gideon's fleece, as symbol of Mary, in a "Hunt of the Unicorn Annunciation" (ca. 1500) from a Netherlandish book of hours. For the complicated iconography, see Hortus Conclusus.
In the New Testament, Gideon is mentioned in chapter 11 of the Epistle to the Hebrews as an example of a man of faith, one of several "heroes of faith" mentioned there:[19]
Time would fail me to tell of Gideon [and others] who through faith subdued kingdoms, worked righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, became valiant in battle, turned to flight the armies of the aliens.[20]
Gideon is regarded as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox/Eastern Catholic and Latin Rite Catholic Churches. He is also commemorated, together with the other righteous figures of the Old Testament, on the Sunday before Christmas (Fourth Sunday of Advent). He is commemorated as one of the Saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on July 30. He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology of the Latin Rite on September 26.
In the Protestant Reformation, the Gideon narrative was employed in polemics against the Catholic clergy. Hans von Rüte's Gideon (1540) parallels the removal of saints' relics from churches to Gideon's destruction of Baal's altar.
Gideons International is an American organization dedicated to Christian evangelism, founded in 1899, dedicated to the distribution of free Bibles. The organization's logo represents a two-handled pitcher and torch, symbolizing the implements used by Gideon to scare the Midianite army.
Military references[edit]
Much like the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae, Gideon has become symbolic of military success of a small elite force against overwhelming numerical odds. The 12th-century Prefatio de Almaria invokes "the strength of Samson and the sword of Gideon" in the context of the Reconquista of Almería led by Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera (1147). Benedikt Gletting (16th century) invokes the "Sword of Gideon" in a call for a pious and confident defense of the Old Swiss Confederacy against the threat of the Franco-Ottoman alliance.[21] The Gideon narrative was invoked by Covenanter commander Archibald Strachan prior to Battle of Carbisdale (1650). The Gideon Force was a small British-led special force in the East African Campaign during World War II.
See also[edit]
Gideon, 1961 play
Gideons International, an evangelical Christian association whose primary activity is distributing free Bibles
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Hebrew: גִּדְעוֹן, Modern Gid'on, Tiberian Giḏʻôn
Jump up ^ יְרֻבַּעַל Yĕrubba`al
References[edit]
Jump up ^ For the form Jerubbesheth, see Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Jerubbesheth". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black. Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. 2, E-K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Jump up ^ Gigot, Francis. "Gideon" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 26 Jan. 2013
Jump up ^ The Bible (NIV). Zondervan. pp. Judges 7.
Jump up ^ Strong's Concordance H3378 "יְרֻבַּעַל Yᵉrubbaʻal, yer-oob-bah'-al; from H7378 and H1168; Baal will contend; Jerubbaal, a symbolic name of Gideon:—Jerubbaal"
Jump up ^ As to "Baal will contend being an example of folk etymology, see John Muddiman, ed. (25 January 2007). The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-19-927718-6.
Jump up ^ Lester L. Grabbe (25 December 2007). Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-567-11012-1.
Jump up ^ Strong's Concordance H1438 "Gidʻôwn, ghid-ohn'; from H1438 [גָּדַע gâdaʻ 'to hew, chop down']; feller (i.e. warrior); Gidon, an Israelite:—Gideon."
^ Jump up to: a b Simon John DeVries (January 1975). Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: Time and History in the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8028-2664-0.
Jump up ^ Mark S. Smith (3 August 2002). The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8028-3972-5.
Jump up ^ Yaira Amit (January 1999). The Book of the Judges: The Art of Editing. BRILL. p. 102. ISBN 90-04-10827-0.
Jump up ^ Judges 6:11 - New English Translation
Jump up ^ Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary on Judges 6, accessed 21 October 2016
Jump up ^ Genesis 18:1-15
Jump up ^ Judges 6:32
Jump up ^ Judges 7:13
Jump up ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Judges 8, accessed 27 October 2016
^ Jump up to: a b c Emil Hirsch. (1906). "Gideon", in the Jewish Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ "purposely framed to give the old name a bearing which would not be offensive to the later and more rigorous development of the religion of Yhwh" "Gideon", Jewish Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Hebrews 11, accessed 16 January 2017
Jump up ^ Hebrews 11:32-34
Jump up ^ Schwarzenbach, Rudolf, '"... wol uff den hohen alpen fruch"? ein Lied Benedikt Glettings als Quelle des "Vermahnlieds an die Eidgenossenschaft" von Hanns In der Gand', Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde 74 (1978), p. 6 (doi 10.5169).
Gideon of Manasseh
Clan of Abieezer
Cadet branch of the Tribe of Manasseh
Preceded by
Deborah and Barak Judge of Israel Succeeded by
Abimelech
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text:
I Will Follow Him
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"I Will Follow Him"
German edition picture sleeve
Single by Little Peggy March
from the album I Will Follow Him
B-side
"Wind Up Doll"
Released
March 1963
Format
Vinyl, 7", 45 RPM
Recorded
1962
Genre
Pop
Length
2:25
Label
RCA Victor
Songwriter(s)
Music: Franck Pourcel, Paul Mauriat, arr. Arthur Altman
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel
Producer(s)
Hugo & Luigi, Arranged by Sammy Lowe
Little Peggy March singles chronology
"Little Me"
(1962) "I Will Follow Him"
(1963) "I Wish I Were a Princess"
(1963)
"Little Me"
(1962) "I Will Follow Him"
(1963) "I Wish I Were a Princess"
(1963)
"I Will Follow Him" is a popular song that was first recorded in 1961 by Franck Pourcel, as an instrumental titled "Chariot". The song achieved its widest success when it was recorded by American singer Little Peggy March with English lyrics in 1963. The music was written by Franck Pourcel (using the pseudonym J.W. Stole) and Paul Mauriat (using the pseudonym Del Roma).[1] It was adapted by Arthur Altman. The English lyrics were written by Norman Gimbel.[2]
Contents
1 Instrumental versions
2 Petula Clark versions
3 Little Peggy March version
3.1 Chart performance
3.1.1 Weekly singles charts
3.1.2 Year-end charts
4 Other versions
5 References
6 External links
Instrumental versions[edit]
The song was first recorded in 1961 by Franck Pourcel and began as an instrumental piece appearing on the 1961 European LP release Amour, Danse, Et Violons. No.17. At the same time, it appeared on the EP release La Voix de son Maître. Pourcel co-wrote the song with his friend and fellow French bandleader Paul Mauriat.[1] The other French bandleader Raymond Lefèvre has been credited for arrangements. Franck Pourcel's original recording was popular on MOR, or "easy listening," stations. Mauriat later recorded an instrumental version in 1976 with a disco beat, using a Moog synthesizer.
In 1963, Percy Faith released an instrumental version, re-titled "I Will Follow You", as the lead song on side 1 of his album titled Themes for Young Lovers.[3][4] Many other hits at the time were also on the album, including "Up on the Roof", "On Broadway", and "Rhythm of the Rain".[3]
Petula Clark versions[edit]
In 1962, Petula Clark released a French language version of the song, titled "Chariot" (lyrics by Jacques Plante),[1] which reached No. 1 in Wallonia,[5][6] No. 2 in France,[7] and No. 8 in Flanders,[8][9] and earned Clark a gold record. Her English version reached No. 4 in Denmark, where it was released by Vogue,[10] but failed to chart in the UK and the USA, where it was released by Pye and Laurie respectively. Clark also recorded Italian and German versions of the song, with her Italian version, "Sul mio carro", reaching No. 4 in Italy,[11] and her German version, "Cheerio", reaching No. 6 in West Germany.[12]
Little Peggy March version[edit]
In 1963, Little Peggy March's version of "I Will Follow Him", backed with "Wind Up Doll", was released by RCA Victor.[13] March's version spent 14 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 1 on April 27, 1963 and spending three weeks in this position,[14] making 15-year-old March the youngest female artist to have a U.S. chart-topping single.[15] Her version also reached No. 1 in Australia,[16] Hong Kong,[17] Israel,[18] South Africa,[10] Uruguay,[19] Canada's CHUM Hit Parade,[20] New Zealand's "Lever Hit Parade",[21] and Billboard's Hot R&B Singles chart.[22][23]
The song also reached No. 1 on the Cash Box Top 100, in a tandem ranking of Little Peggy March, Franck Pourcel, Petula Clark, Rosemary Clooney, Betty Curtis, Jackie Kannon, Joe Sentieri, and Georgia Gibbs' versions, with March's version marked as a bestseller.[24]
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly singles charts[edit]
Chart (1963)
Peak
position
Australia (Music Maker)[16] 1
Canada (CHUM Hit Parade)[20] 1
Chile[17] 5
Finland (Ilta-Sanomat)[25] ≥2
Hong Kong[17] 1
Israel (Kol Yisrael)[18] 1
Japan (Utamatic)[26] ≥8
New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade)[21] 1
Peru (La Prensa)[19] 2
Philippines[27] 5
South Africa[10] 1
Sweden (Tio i Topp)[28] 2
Uruguay (Discometro Mundial)[19] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 1
US Billboard Hot R&B Singles[22] 1
West Germany (Musikmarkt)[29] 6
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1963)
Rank
US Billboard Top Records of 1963: Hot 100[30] 20
US Billboard Top R&B Singles for 1963[31] 22
US Cash Box Top 100 Chart Hits of 1963[32] 6
Other versions[edit]
In Italy three versions of the song were in the charts in 1963 (translated/adapted by Vito Pallavicini and Bruno Pallesi): One recorded by Betty Curtis (highest position: No. 3), another version by Petula Clark ("Sul mio carro"; No. 4) and the Franck Pourcel version (No. 5).[11] The song reached No. 1 in Italy's Musica e dischi, in a tandem ranking of these three versions.[33] Curtis's version was also a top 10 hit in Uruguay.[34]
In 1963, Italian singer Ennio Sangiusto released a version of the song titled "Chariot (La Tierra)", which reached No. 1 in Spain.[18] Also in 1963, Italian singer Joe Sentieri released a version of the song titled "La Tierra", which reached No. 3 in Argentina.[35]
In 1963, Argentine singer Alberto Cortez released a version of the song titled "La Tierra (Chariot)", which reached No. 2 in Spain.[36] Also in 1963, Argentine singer Violeta Rivas released a version titled "La Tierra", which reached No. 1 in Uruguay.[37]
Dee Dee Sharp released a version of the song on her 1963 album Do the Bird.[38] Sharp's version reached No. 1 in Hong Kong.[27]
In 1982, Dutch singer José Hoebee (former member of the girl band Luv') released a hit cover of the song, which reached No. 1 in Flanders,[39] No. 1 on the Dutch Top 40,[40] and No. 2 on the Dutch Nationale Hitparade.[41] A new version, recorded in 2005, reached No. 90 on the Dutch Single Top 100.[42]
In 1994, Spanish singer Raphael released a Spanish version of the song titled "La Tierra" (English: "The Earth"), which appeared on his album Fantasía.[43] Raphael performed the song in his tours with remarkable success until 1999.
The Norwegian comedian Lars Mjøen wrote comedic Norwegian lyrics, «Torsken kommer!» (translates to «The cod is coming»). The song was published by the comedy troupe KLM as Brødrene Dal as the B-side of "Gaus, Roms Og Brumund" (PolyGram 2052 206)[44][45] and on the LP record Spektralplate (Polydor 2382 135) in 1982. A music video remake was released by Norges Bank in 2017 to mark the introduction of the new 200 krone banknote that features a cod on the obverse side.[46]
In 2009, Swedish singer Jessica Andersson covered it on her album, Wake Up.[47]
The song is featured at the end of the 1992 film Sister Act, where it was performed by the nuns' chorus for the Pope.[15]
The song is also used by Malaysian mobile service provider Digi for its extensive promotional campaign in late 2006, albeit with slightly different lyrics (as "I Will Follow You").[48] The first five notes of the song has since been made into the main jingle for future Digi advertisements.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Music Registrations, Catalog of Copyright Entries : Third Series, Volume 19, Part 5, Number 2. U.S. Government Printing Office, July-December 1965. p. 1509. Archive.org. Accessed February 29, 2016
Jump up ^ "I Will Follow Him by Little Peggy March Songfacts". Songfacts.com. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
^ Jump up to: a b "Winner of the Billboard DJ Poll Instrumental Album Award for 1963", Billboard, July 18, 1964. p. 5. Accessed February 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Popoff, Martin (2010). Goldmine Standard Catalog of American Records 1948-1991, Krause Publications. p. 414.
Jump up ^ Petula Clark – Chariot, Ultratop. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, December 8, 1962. p. 37. Accessed February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, December 1, 1962. p. 34. Accessed February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petula Clark - Chariot, Ultratop. Accessed February 25, 2016
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, October 27, 1962. p. 26. Accessed February 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hits of the World", Billboard, July 13, 1963. p. 30. Accessed February 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hit Parade Italia - Top Annuali Single: 1963". Hitparadeitalia.it. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
Jump up ^ Petula Clark - Cheerio, norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Singles Reviews", Billboard, February 2, 1963. p. 30. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hot 100 - Little Peggy March I Will Follow Him Chart History, Billboard.com. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Peggy March's 'Follow' Still The Leader", Billboard.com. November 9, 2010. Accessed February 19, 2016
^ Jump up to: a b "Hits of the World", Billboard, May 18, 1963. p. 32. Accessed February 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hits of the World", Billboard, July 20, 1963. p. 27. Accessed February 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hits of the World", Billboard, June 29, 1963. p. 46. Accessed February 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hits of the World", Billboard, October 5, 1963. p. 22. Accessed February 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "CHUM Hit Parade – Week of April 15, 1963". Archived from the original on November 7, 2006. Retrieved 2016-02-19. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Chart No. 318. CHUM.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lever Hit Parade" 09-May-1963, Flavour of New Zealand. Accessed February 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hot R&B Singles", Billboard, May 25, 1963. p. 22. Accessed February 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 803.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100", Cash Box, May 4, 1963. p. 4. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, October 12, 1963. p. 40. Accessed February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, October 19, 1963. p. 34. Accessed February 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hits of the World", Billboard, July 27, 1963. p. 42. Accessed February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fernbom, Hugo. Sommartoppen 1963, Datorföreningen vid LU & LTH, Lund University. July 16, 2008. Accessed June 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Little Peggy March - I Will Follow Him, norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top Records of 1963", Billboard, Section II, December 28, 1963. p. 30. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top R&B Singles for 1963", Billboard, Section II, December 28, 1963. p. 31. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Chart Hits of 1963", Cash Box, December 28, 1963. p. 18. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, March 3, 1963. p. 20. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, August 17, 1963. p. 35. Accessed February 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, August 24, 1963. p. 42. Accessed June 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, June 15, 1963. p. 36. Accessed June 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World", Billboard, October 26, 1963. p. 47. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Album Reviews", Billboard, April 13, 1963. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ José - I Will Follow Him, Ultratop. Accessed February 28, 2016
Jump up ^ Top 40-artiest: José, Media Markt Top 40. Accessed February 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ José - I Will Follow Him, Dutch Charts. Accessed February 28, 2016
Jump up ^ José - I Will Follow Him 2005 Version, Dutch Charts. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Letra La Tierra de Raphael, CMTV. Accessed June 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brødrene Dal - Torsken kommer, norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
Jump up ^ Williams-Grut, Oscar (24 May 2017). "Norway's central bank has made a bizarre music video to celebrate its new 'cod' banknotes". Business Insider Nordic. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wake Up - Jessica Andersson". AllMusic. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ I Will Follow You Digi Advertisement, 27 March 2008, retrieved 25 May 2017
External links[edit]
Official Peggy March, includes discography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Will_Follow_Him&oldid=846839531"
Categories:
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Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Song recordings produced by Hugo & Luigi
Songs with lyrics by Norman Gimbel
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RCA Victor singles
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Blue Exorcist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Blue Exorcist
The cover of 'Blue Exorcist' volume 1 as published by Shueisha, with a picture of the main character Rin Okumura with his sword and his blue flames
青の祓魔師
(Ao no Ekusoshisuto)
Genre
Adventure,[1] dark fantasy[2]
Manga
Written by
Kazue Kato
Published by
Shueisha
English publisher
NA
Viz Media
Demographic
Shōnen
Magazine
Jump Square
English magazine
NA
Weekly Shonen Jump
Original run
April 4, 2009 – present
Volumes
21 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed by
Tensai Okamura
Produced by
Hiro Maruyama
Kozue Kananiwa
Satoshi Adachi
Shin Furukawa
Takamitsu Inoue
Written by
Ryōta Yamaguchi
Music by
Hiroyuki Sawano
Studio
A-1 Pictures
Licensed by
AUS
Madman Entertainment
NA
Aniplex of America
UK
Manga Entertainment
Original network
JNN (MBS)
English network
NA
Neon Alley
US
Adult Swim (Toonami)
Original run
April 17, 2011 – October 2, 2011
Episodes
25 + OVA (List of episodes)
Anime film
Blue Exorcist: The Movie
Directed by
Atsushi Takahashi
Written by
Reiko Yoshida
Music by
Hiroyuki Sawano
Studio
A-1 Pictures
Licensed by
NA
Aniplex of America
UK
Manga Entertainment
Released
December 28, 2012
Runtime
90 minutes
Manga
Salaryman Exorcist: The Sorrows of Yukio Okumura
Written by
Kazue Kato
Illustrated by
Minoru Sasaki
Published by
Shueisha
Demographic
Shōnen
Magazine
Jump SQ.19 (until February 2015)
Jump Square (since April 2015)
Original run
October 2013 – present
Volumes
2
Anime television series
Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga
Directed by
Koichi Hatsumi
Written by
Toshiya Ōno
Music by
Hiroyuki Sawano
Kohta Yamamoto
Studio
A-1 Pictures
Licensed by
NA
Aniplex of America[3]
Original network
MBS, TBS, CBC, BS-TBS
Original run
January 7, 2017 – March 25, 2017
Episodes
12 + OVA (List of episodes)
Anime and Manga portal
Blue Exorcist (Japanese: 青の祓魔師（エクソシスト）, Hepburn: Ao no Ekusoshisuto) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kazue Katō. The manga has been serialized in Jump Square magazine by Shueisha since April 2009, with individual chapters collected into twenty tankōbon volumes as of January 28, 2018. The story revolves around Rin Okumura, a teenager who discovers he and his twin brother Yukio are the sons of Satan born from a human woman, and he is the inheritor of Satan's powers. When Satan kills their guardian, Rin enrolls at True Cross Academy to become an exorcist under Yukio's tutelage in order to defeat his father.
The series was adapted into an anime television series by A-1 Pictures in 2011 and into an anime film (Ao no Exorcist Gekijouban) in December 2012.[4] Viz Media has licensed the manga for North American production, with the first volume released in April 5, 2011. Aniplex of America also released the anime's DVDs in English regions. A second season, titled Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga, premiered on January 7, 2017.
The series has been well received by readers with sales having received a boost thanks to the anime's release. Publications for manga and anime compared the series with other shonen manga but still praised the series' story and artwork.
Contents
1 Synopsis
1.1 Setting
1.2 Plot
2 Production
3 Media
3.1 Manga
3.2 Anime
3.3 Other
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Setting[edit]
The world of Blue Exorcist consists of two dimensions, attached to each other as a mirror and its reflection. The first is the material world where humans live, Assiah (物質界), and the other is Gehenna (虚無界（ゲヘナ）), the world of demons, which is ruled by Satan. Originally, a journey between the worlds, or even a contact between them, is impossible. However, any demon is able to pass to the dimension of Assiah through the possession of a living being in it. Even so, in history there are demons wandering among humans and only those who can see are those who have had direct contact with a demon of any level.
In contrast, there are those called Exorcists, people who train to destroy demons who act in a damaging manner in Assiah. With more than two thousand years of existence, this group has several branches all over the world, being secretly under the command of the Vatican itself and acting in a subterfuge way to the masses.
Plot[edit]
See also: List of Blue Exorcist characters
The story revolves around Rin Okumura, who, along with his younger twin Yukio Okumura, was raised by Father Shiro Fujimoto, an Exorcist. One day, Rin learns that he and Yukio are the sons of Satan. Witnessing Shiro dying to protect him, Rin draws the demon-slaying sword Kurikara (倶利伽羅), which restrains his demonic powers. From that moment on, Rin not only gains demonic features like fangs and a tail, but also the power to ignite into blue flames that destroy almost anything they touch.
Rin wishes to become an Exorcist like his guardian to become stronger and to defeat Satan. He enrolls at the prestigious True Cross Academy (正十字学園, Sei Jūji Gakuen), an exorcist cram school, which is actually the Japanese branch of the True Cross Order (正十字騎士團), an international organization dedicated to protect Assiah (human realm) from the Gehenna (demonic realm). Much to his surprise, Rin finds that Yukio is already a veteran Exorcist and is one of his teachers. Thus begins Rin's journey to become an Exorcist, accompanied by his brother and his fellow students who quickly become his close friends.
Production[edit]
Kazue Kato took inspiration from the 2005 film The Brothers Grimm, as she tried to work the angle of brothers fighting against monsters into a story. She eventually decided on making the story about demons and exorcists, thus conceiving Blue Exorcist.[5] Due to exorcists being the main idea of the story, the manga features a lot of Biblical references. In an interview with Anime News Network, Kato said: "I should not run away from these references if I'm working in the Exorcist genre."[5] An ending was planned by Kato but the exact length of the series has yet to be decided based on the manga's popularity in Japan.[6]
Media[edit]
Manga[edit]
See also: List of Blue Exorcist chapters
The chapters of the Blue Exorcist manga series are written and illustrated by Kazue Kato and have been serialized by Shueisha in the monthly manga magazine Jump Square since April 2009.[7] The first tankōbon volume was released on August 4, 2009;[8] eighteen volumes have been released as of December 31, 2016.[9] The one-shot of the manga was first featured in the September 2008 issue of Jump Square and was titled Miyamauguisu House Case (深山鶯邸事件, Miyamauguisu-tei Jiken).[10]
The series was licensed by Viz Media for release in North America, with the first volume released on April 5, 2011;[7] sixteen volumes have been released as of December 6, 2016 and a 17th volume is scheduled for July 4, 2017.[11] Blue Exorcist has also been released as part of the Shōnen Jump Advance imprint starting April 5, 2011.[12]
The series is also licensed in France by Kazé Manga, with the first volume released on May 27, 2010,[13] and in Poland by Waneko.[14]
A spin-off focused on Rin's brother Yukio is running on Jump SQ.19, titled Salaryman Exorcist: The Sorrows of Yukio Okumura (サラリーマン祓魔師 奥村雪男の哀愁, Salaryman Futsumashi Okumura Yukio no Aishū). It is also written by Kazue Kato, but with illustrations by Minoru Sasaki.
Anime[edit]
See also: List of Blue Exorcist episodes
An anime adaption for the manga was announced on November 27, 2010 on Shueisha's Jump Square official website.[15] The anime was produced by A-1 Pictures with Hitoshi Okamura as the producer. Originally, the series was scheduled to air on April 10, 2011 on MBS, replacing Star Driver: Kagayaki no Takuto; however, due to the March 11, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami the series' broadcast was delayed until April 17, 2011.[16] The anime ended on October 2, 2011.
Four pieces of theme music are used for the episodes: two opening themes and two ending themes. The opening theme for the first 12 episodes is "Core Pride" by Japanese rock band Uverworld,[17] while the opening theme from episode 13 onwards is "In My World" by Japanese rock band ROOKiEZ is PUNK'D. The ending theme for the first 12 episodes is "Take Off" by South Korean boy band 2PM,[18] while the ending theme from episode 13 through episode 25 is "Wired Life" by Japanese singer Meisa Kuroki.
Aniplex announced they would simulcast the series in North America through video sites Hulu, Crunchyroll, Anime News Network and Netflix starting on April 20, 2011.[19] Aniplex of America released Blue Exorcist on DVD in four sets, starting by releasing the first DVD on October 18, 2011.[20] An Original Animated Video (also known as an OVA) has also been released in 2011, called Ao No Exorcist: Kuro no Iede. The series began broadcasting in the United States and Canada on Viz Media's online network, Neon Alley, on October 2, 2012.[21] The series began airing on Adult Swim's Toonami block on February 23, 2014 and finished airing on August 10, 2014.[22]
After six years, a second season,[23] titled Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga, was announced in June 2016 and premiered on January 7, 2017.[24][25] Koichi Hatsumi directed the sequel, while Toshiya Ōno wrote the scripts, Keigo Sasaki designed the characters, and Hiroyuki Sawano and Kohta Yamamoto composed the series' soundtrack. A-1 Pictures returned to produce the animation.[26][27] It was also announced that there would be five new characters in the sequel. The opening theme song was "Itteki no Eikyō" (一滴の影響, lit. "Drop's Influence") by Uverworld, while the ending theme song was "Kono Te de" (コノ手デ, lit. "With This Hand") by Rin Akatsuki.[28]
The plot of the anime contains anime-exclusive story arcs since the anime and the manga diverge significantly starting with episode 16 of the first anime season. The original ending contained within the first season's final nine episodes is ignored in the second season, with the anime story timeline once again following the narrative of the manga. The story events which take place in the second season correspond to volumes 5 through 9 of the manga.[29]
Other[edit]
A stage play based on the series titled Live Act Ao no Exorcist ~Mashin no Rakuin~ ran for nine performances at the Nippon Seinenkan hall in Tokyo's Shinjuku ward from May 11 to 17 during 2012. Satoshi Owada directed and wrote scripts for the play. Main characters Rin and Yukio Okumura were portrayed by Ryou Kimura and Kimito Totani respectively.[30] A light novel titled Ao no Exorcist: Weekend Hero was written by Aya Yajima and illustrated by Kato. It was released by Shueisha on September 2, 2011.[31] A visual novel for PlayStation Portable, Ao no Exorcist: Genkoku no Labyrinth was released on April 26, 2012 by Bandai Namco Games.[32] Ao no Exorcist Movie is based on the manga and anime series and was released on December 28, 2012 in Japan.
Reception[edit]
As of November 2016, Blue Exorcist has sold over 15 million copies.[33] The manga has been popular in Japan with the seventh volume receiving first print run of one million copies becoming the first Jump Square manga to reach such milestone. The release of the anime also drastically increased the manga's sales to the point that Shueisha decided to increase the print run for the seventh volume.[31] Critics have praised the Blue Exorcist manga with Comic Book Bin reviewer Leroy Douresseaux feeling the first volume had potential, enjoying the comedy in the work and the characters and their interactions, recommending it to teen readers.[34] Danica Davidson from Otaku USA felt that while the series employs disturbing storytelling, Rin's heroic traits despite being Satan's son make the plot more appealing to the readers.[35] Kato's artwork has been praised by Anime News Network's Carlo Santos for the way each character has distinct traits while background images are well designed.[36] Despite noting that the story uses several clichés, Carl Kimlinger from the same site emphasized how the execution was well-performed, resulting in entertaining episodes, especially its fight scenes, which were noted to be one of the anime's strongest points.[37]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Official Website for Blue Exorcist". Viz Media. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Komatsu, Mikikazu (August 4, 2017). ""Blue Exorcist" 4th Stage Play "Shimane Illuminati Arc" Set for This Fall". Crunchyroll. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Aniplex USA Licenses Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga Anime Series". Anime News Network. October 15, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist/Ao no Exorcist Anime Film Green-Lit". Anime News Network. September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Aoki, Deb (July 22, 2016). "Interview: Blue Exorcist Mangaka Kazue Kato". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Interview: Kazue Kato". Manga News (in French). November 18, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "News: Blue Exorcist Manga Listed by Viz's Distributor". Anime News Network. October 19, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ 青の祓魔師1 (in Japanese). Shueisha. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
Jump up ^ "青の祓魔師18". Shueisha. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "One Shot of Blue Exorcist" (in Chinese). Retrieved 2009-09-16.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist, Vol. 17". Amazon.com. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Viz Media Announces New Manga Acquisitions for Spring & Summer 2011". Anime News Network. November 15, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist – Tome 1" (in French). Kazé Manga. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Melmothia (October 1, 2013). "Ao no Exorcist tom 1". Tanuki.pl (in Polish). Małgorzata Kaczarowska. 240 (2905). ISSN 1898-8296. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "News: Blue Exorcist Manga Gets TV Anime Green-Lit". Anime News Network. November 27, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "News: Anime/Manga Releases Delayed After Quake: Part III". Anime News Network. March 19, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "UVERworldの新曲が、注目アニメのテーマ曲に決定" [Uverworld's new song to be featured as an anime's theme song]. Oricon (in Japanese). April 5, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "アニメ｢青の祓魔師｣テーマソングはUVERworld&2PM" [Anime Blue Exorcist Theme song by Uverworld & 2PM] (in Japanese). Natalie. March 9, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Aniplex to Stream Blue Exorcist In U.S., Canada". Anime News Network. April 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Aniplex of America Adds Madoka Magica, Blue Exorcist on Home Video". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Viz Media to Stream Dubbed Blue Exorcist on Neon Alley". Anime News Network. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://toonami.tumblr.com/post/67805823907/this-weeks-toonami-announcement-hey-guys-over
Jump up ^ Green, Scott (June 29, 2016). "2017 "Blue Exorcist" TV Anime Announcement Spotted". Crunchyroll. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Impure King Arc Anime Reveals January Premiere, More Cast". Anime News Network. October 2, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ao no Exorcist Kyoto Fujouou-hen Confirms January 2017 Air Date, Releases PV and Key Visual". Nagame Digital. October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Green, Scott (June 30, 2016). "Different Writer/Director Team To Lead New "Blue Exorcist" TV Anime". Crunchyroll. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New Blue Exorcist TV Anime's Returning Cast, New Staff, Plot, 2017 Premiere Revealed". Anime News Network. July 3, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga Anime's TV Ads Preview Theme Songs". Anime News Network. December 20, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Blue Exorcist' Season 3 Release Date: 'Ao no Exorcist' Manga Spoilers For Illuminati, True Cross Academy Festival Saga". Inquisitr. March 24, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist Stage Play Cast Photographed in Costume". Anime News Network. April 25, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Blue Exorcist's Latest Manga Book, 1st Novel Top Charts". Anime News Network. September 7, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Blue Exorcist: Genkoku no Labyrinth PSP's 3rd Promo Streamed". Anime News Network. March 13, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/11/26-1/leading-ladies-featured-in-latest-blue-exorcist-kyoto-saga-promos
Jump up ^ Douresseaux, Leroy (March 24, 2011). "Blue Exorcist: Volume 1". Comic Book Bin. Toon Doctor. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Davidson, Danica (May 13, 2011). "Blue Exorcist vol. 1". Otaku USA. Sovereign Media. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Santos, Carlo (December 11, 2011). "Blue Exorcist GN 5". Westmount, Quebec: Anime News Network. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kimlinger, Carl (June 3, 2011). "Blue Exorcist Episodes 1–6 Streaming". Westmount, Quebec: Anime News Network. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official Website (in Japanese)
Official English Website
PSP Game official website (in Japanese)
Blue Exorcist (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
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