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My Three Sons
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Not to be confused with My Three Suns.
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My Three Sons
My Three Sons opening titles
Genre
Sitcom
Starring
Fred MacMurray
William Frawley
William Demarest
Don Grady
Stanley Livingston
Barry Livingston
Tim Considine
Meredith MacRae
Tina Cole
Beverly Garland
Dawn Lyn
Ronne Troup
Daniel, Joseph, and Michael Todd
Theme music composer
Frank De Vol
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
12
No. of episodes
380 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Don Fedderson
Producer(s)
Peter Tewksbury (1960-1961)
George Tibbles (1961-1962)
Edmund L. Hartmann (1962-1972)
Running time
25 minutes
Production company(s)
Don Fedderson Productions (1960-1972)
Gregg-Don, Inc. (1960-1965)
MCA Television (1960-1965)
CBS Productions (1965-1972)
Distributor
CBS Television Distribution
Release
Original network
ABC (1960-1965)
CBS (1965-1972)
Picture format
Black-and-white (1960-1965)
Color (1965-1972)
Audio format
Monaural
Original release
September 29, 1960 (1960-09-29) – April 13, 1972 (1972-04-13)
My Three Sons is an American sitcom. The series ran from 1960 to 1965 on ABC, and moved to CBS until its end on April 13, 1972. My Three Sons chronicles the life of widower and aeronautical engineer Steven Douglas (Fred MacMurray) as he raises his three sons.
The series originally featured William Frawley as the boys' live-in maternal grandfather, William Michael Francis "Bub" O'Casey. William Demarest, playing Bub's brother, "Charley", replaced Frawley in 1965 due to Frawley's illness. In September 1965, eldest son Mike married, and his character was written out of the show. To keep the emphasis on "three sons", a new son named Ernie was adopted. In the program's final years, Steven Douglas remarried and adopted his new wife's young daughter Dorothy ("Dodie").
The series was a cornerstone of the ABC and CBS lineups in the 1960s. With 380 episodes produced, it is second only to The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet (14 seasons, 1952-1966, 434 episodes) and tied with It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (12 seasons) as television's longest-running live-action sitcom. Disney producer Bill Walsh often mused on whether the concept of the show was inspired by the movie The Shaggy Dog, as in his view they shared "the same dog, the same kids, and Fred MacMurray".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 ABC years
1.2 Directors
1.3 CBS years
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.3 Musical connections
3 Episodes
4 Broadcast history
5 Production schedule
6 Distribution
7 Reunion special
8 DVD releases
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
The ABC cast of My Three Sons, with William Frawley, circa 1962
ABC years[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The show began on ABC in black-and-white. The first season, consisting of 36 episodes, was directed in its entirety by Peter Tewksbury, who produced and occasionally scripted the programs.[2]
These early episodes held to no specific generic type, so that any episode from one week to the next might be either comedic or dramatic. Tewksbury's episodes are also unusual for their use of cross-talk (a way of having the voices of off-screen characters heard in the background of the soundtrack, just under the voices of the main characters). Using this clever directorial twist, Tewksbury realistically portrayed the chaotic, fast-paced, and ever-changing sequence of events; coordinate and conflicting, that was the daily routine of living in the Douglas household.
An example of Tewksbury's use of cross-talk is the fourth episode, "Countdown", written by David Duncan, which chronicles the Douglas family's attempts to wake up, prepare for the day, have breakfast, and get out of the house by a common, agreed-upon time, all carefully synchronized to a televised rocket launch countdown – to comical and often ironic effect. Tewksbury returned to directing feature films after concluding the season because the producers could not handle his perfectionist attitude, which was costing thousands of dollars in lost time and reshoots.
During the 1964 fall season, William Frawley, who played Bub, was declared too ill to work by Desilu Studios, as the company was informed that insuring the actor would be too costly. Frawley continued in the role until a suitable replacement could be found at midseason. He was replaced by William Demarest, who played his hard-nosed brother (great) Uncle Charley part way through the 1964-1965 season (the last on ABC). According to the storyline, Bub returns to Ireland to help his Auntie Kate celebrate her 104th birthday. Soon after, brother Charley visits and stays on. Charley, a cello-playing merchant sailor, was a soft-hearted curmudgeon, who proved to be a responsible caregiver. Frawley left the series before the end of the 1964-1965 season.
Directors[edit]
Peter Tewksbury directed the first season. The succeeding director, Richard Whorf, took over the reins for one season and was in turn followed by former actor-turned-director Gene Reynolds from 1962 to 1964. James V. Kern, an experienced Hollywood television director who had previously helmed the "Hollywood" and "Europe" episodes of I Love Lucy, continued in this role for two years until his untimely death in late 1966, aged 57. Director James Sheldon was also contracted to finish episodes that had been partly completed by Kern to complete that season. Fred De Cordova was the show's longest and most consistent director of the series (108 episodes) until he left in 1971 to produce The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Earl Bellamy rounded out the series as director of the show's final year.[3]
CBS years[edit]
My Three Sons moved to the CBS television network for the 1965-1966 season after ABC declined to commit to underwriting the expense of producing the program in color. Along with the change in networks and the transition to color, Tim Considine (who had earlier worked with Fred MacMurray on The Shaggy Dog), playing eldest son Mike, had chosen not to renew his contract due to a clash with executive producer Don Fedderson over Considine's wish to direct but not co-star in the series. (Considine did, however, direct one of the last black-and-white episodes for ABC.) In an August 1989 interview on the Pat Sajak Show, he explained that he was also devoted to automobile racing, which his contract forbade. His character was written out, along with Meredith MacRae, who had played his fiancée Sally, in a wedding episode that was the premiere of the 1965–1966 season on CBS. After this episode, which was the program's first in color, Mike is mentioned briefly in only four succeeding episodes (including one in which Ernie becomes adopted), and is never seen again, even at Robbie and Steve's weddings. In the episode "Steve and the Huntress" (first aired January 27, 1966), Mike is specifically mentioned as teaching at a college. MacRae joined Petticoat Junction the following year, the last of three actresses to play Billie Jo Bradley.
To keep the show's title plausible, the show's head writer, George Tibbles, fashioned a three-part story arc in which an orphaned friend of youngest brother Richard (Chip, played by Stanley Livingston), Ernie Thompson (played by his real-life brother, Barry Livingston), awaits adoption when his current foster parents are transferred to the Orient. Steve offers to adopt Ernie, but faces antagonism from Uncle Charley, who finds Ernie a bit grating, and forecasts major headaches over both the boy and his dog. It also transpires that a law requires a woman to live in the home of an adoptive family. A likable female social worker supervises the case, and the Douglases speculate that Steve might marry the woman, to make the adoption possible, but they both agree this is not reason enough for them to be married. The family also does not need to hire a housekeeper, since Uncle Charley already has things running smoothly. The family soon appears before a judge who researches the law, and determines that its intent is to ensure a full-time caregiver is in the household. With Charley meeting that role, and having had a change of heart about Ernie, Charley assents to a legal fiction declaring him "housemother" to the Douglas family.[4]
While the three sons were always central to the storyline, several major changes took place by the late 1960s. In the spring of 1967, the ratings for the series began to sag and My Three Sons finished its seventh season in 31st place in the Nielsen ratings. It was decided that the 1967-1968 season would bring the program not only a new time slot, but also new storylines to spice up the ratings. In the fall of 1967, CBS moved My Three Sons to Saturday night at 8:30 pm. In the season-premiere episode, "Moving Day", the Douglas family and Uncle Charley relocate from the fictional town of Bryant Park in the Midwest to Los Angeles. Robbie (Don Grady) marries his classmate/girlfriend, Katie Miller (Tina Cole). Tina Cole, in fact, had appeared in different roles on three previous episodes of My Three Sons: "House For Sale" from the fourth season (February 13, 1964), "The Coffee House Set" from the fifth season (November 19, 1964), and "Robbie and the Little Stranger" from the sixth season (February 17, 1966). At the end of the 1967-1968 season, the ratings had improved from the previous year with the series placing at 24th in the Nielsens. The following season, the newlyweds discover that Katie is pregnant, and she gives birth to triplets named Robert, Steven, and Charles. Although originally played by sets of uncredited twins, these babies were played uncredited by Guy, Gunnar, and Garth Swanson. The most familiar triplets in the show's last two seasons are played by Michael, Daniel, and Joseph Todd.
The following year in the tenth season, 1969-1970, Steve remarries, taking widowed teacher Barbara Harper (Beverly Garland) as his wife; she brings with her a 5-year-old daughter, Dorothy "Dodie" (Dawn Lyn), so Steven now had a stepdaughter whom he also subsequently adopts. Also, the last year-and-a-half of the series feature fewer appearances of both Don Grady and Stanley Livingston. Grady's character was written out of the show at the end of the 11th season, which allowed for his wife Katie and their triplet sons to remain within the Douglas household the following season (as a structural engineer Robbie was working on a bridge construction in Peru). Chip and his teen wife Polly (Ronne Troup) (who eloped after Polly's disciplinarian father refused to sanction the marriage) move into their own apartment.
At the end of the 1970-1971 season (the show's 11th year), My Three Sons was still garnering healthy ratings. By the spring of 1971, it had finished in 19th place. A 1971 television pilot with Don Grady and Tina Cole called Three of a Kind, then retitled Robbie—about Robbie, Katie, and the triplets moving to San Francisco—was filmed but not picked up as a series.[5]
The final episode of the 1970-1971 season, "After the Honeymoon", actually set up the premise for this pilot. The guest stars were Richard X. Slattery and Pat Carroll, who were featured as the landlords of the apartment block into which Robbie and Katie move. However, Don Grady had informed the producers of his intention to leave the series and pursue a new full-time career as a composer, which he ultimately did.
For the series' 12th season, CBS moved My Three Sons to Monday nights at 10:00 pm. In addition to the time changes for the 12th season, a new four-part story arc is introduced with MacMurray in a second role, that of his cousin, the Laird (Lord) Fergus McBain Douglas of Sithian Bridge. The voice of English actor Alan Caillou is awkwardly dubbed over MacMurray's. The plot centers around Lord Douglas's arrival in Los Angeles from the family's native Scotland, in search of a first lady to marry and return with him to Scotland.
He finds Terri Dowling (Anne Francis), a waitress at the Blue Berry Bowling Alley. While initially reluctant to give up her life in America and return to Scotland as royalty, she finally accepts. This storyline is a continuation of a plot idea that originally began in the fourth season, when the Douglases visit Scotland on the pretense of having been told they had inherited a castle in the highlands.[6]
With a later time slot, the show finished the season outside the top 30. To save the series, CBS moved it in midseason back to Thursday nights at 8:30 pm, its old time slot. Nevertheless, My Three Sons ended its primetime run in the spring of 1972 after 12 years on the air. CBS also aired daytime reruns starting in September 1971 (only the CBS color shows), for about one season.
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Fred MacMurray, Steven "Steve" Douglas (1960–1972)
William Frawley, William Michael Francis Aloysius "Bub" O'Casey (1960–1965)
William Demarest, Charles Leslie "Uncle Charley" O'Casey, Bub's brother (1965–1972)
Tim Considine, Michael "Mike" Douglas (1960–1965)
Don Grady, Robert "Robbie" Douglas (1960–1971)
Stanley Livingston, Richard "Chip" Douglas (1960–1972)
Barry Livingston, Ernest "Ernie" Thompson/Douglas (1963–1972)
Meredith MacRae, Sally Ann Morrison Douglas (1963–1965)
Tina Cole, Kathleen "Katie" Miller Douglas (1967–1972)
Beverly Garland, Barbara Harper Douglas (1969–1972)
Dawn Lyn, Dorothy "Dodie" Harper Douglas (1969–1972)
Ronne Troup, Polly Williams Douglas (1970–1972)
Michael, Daniel, and Joseph Todd, playing Robbie, Stevie, and Charley Douglas respectively (1970–1972)
Recurring cast[edit]
Cynthia Pepper, Jean Pearson (1960–1961)
Peter Brooks, Hank Ferguson (1960–1963)
Cheryl Holdridge, Judy Doucette (1960–1961)
Ricky Allen, Hubert 'Sudsy' Pfeiffer (1961–1963)
Hank Jones, Pete (1964–1966)
Bill Erwin, Joe Walters (1962–1964)
Doris Singleton, Helen Morrison (1964–65) and Margaret Williams (1970)
John Howard, Dave Welch (1965–1967)
Joan Tompkins, Lorraine Miller (1967–1970)
Musical connections[edit]
The series' cast had several music connections. MacMurray began his career as a saxophone player during the 1930s, and sometimes played it on the series, as well as clarinet. Frawley had been a vaudeville actor and sang in the 1929 short film Fancy That as well as the 1936 film The General Died at Dawn. Actress Tina Cole (Katie) was born into the King Family, a popular 1950s–1960s group. Ronne Troup (Polly) was the step-daughter of singer Julie London and daughter of musician/composer Bobby Troup (who wrote the song Route 66 and also starred in the TV program Emergency! along with wife London), and Dawn Lyn is the younger sister of 1970s pop idol Leif Garrett. Don Grady (Robbie) composed and produced music, having created successful Las Vegas venues for Phantom of the Opera star Michael Crawford and pop star David Cassidy.
Grady also played drums in the '60s pop group Yellow Balloon. Musical arranger Frank De Vol, who did the toe-tapping theme, scored over thirty motion pictures and arranged for such vocalists as Sarah Vaughan, Jack Jones, Nat King Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Vic Damone, Dinah Shore, Doris Day, and Jaye P. Morgan.
Episodes[edit]
My Three Sons had 36 episodes each in the first two seasons. The series had more than thirty episodes in each of the first eight seasons; the episode output then decreased by two episodes until the eleventh season, which had twenty-four episodes, along with the twelfth season. The first five seasons were filmed in black & white, then after the move to CBS, it was filmed in color for the remainder of its run.
Broadcast history[edit]
Season
Time slot (ET)
Nielsen ratings[7]
Rank
Rating
1960–61 Thursday at 9:00-9:30 PM on ABC 13 25.8 (Tied with 77 Sunset Strip)
1961–62 11 24.7
1962–63 28 21.0
1963–64 Thursday at 8:30-9:00 PM on ABC 27 21.9
1964–65 13 25.5
1965–66 Thursday at 8:30-9:00 PM on CBS 15 23.8
1966–67 29 20.2 (Tied with I Spy, CBS Thursday Night Movie and The F.B.I.)
1967–68 Saturday at 8:30-9:00 PM on CBS 24 20.8
1968–69 14 22.8
1969–70 15 21.8 (Tied with Ironside and The Johnny Cash Show)
1970–71 19 20.8
1971–72 Monday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS (Episodes 1-12)
Thursday at 8:30-9:00 PM on CBS (Episodes 13-24)
Daytime Reruns: 10:30-11:00am (EST) M-F 12/20/71-6/23/72
4:00-4:30pm (EST) M-F 6/26/72-9/1/72 N/A
Production schedule[edit]
The series was initially filmed at Desilu Studios in Hollywood, but at the start of the 1967–68 season, the cast and crew began filming the series at the CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California. The reasons behind this move concerned the sale of actress-comedian Lucille Ball 's studios to the Gulf + Western conglomerate, which owned Paramount Pictures, so Don Fedderson Productions, who produced My Three Sons (along with Family Affair starring Brian Keith), had to quickly make other arrangements for filming. The move also necessitated moves in the show's storyline as well, hence the family's move from the fictitious town of Bryant Park (in the Midwestern United States) to North Hollywood, California, although the town is never officially mentioned, simply just the city of Los Angeles.
Fred MacMurray was the only actor to appear in every episode of the series. Reportedly, MacMurray's contract stipulated that he work only 65 days per year. His scenes for each season were produced in two blocks of filming. He would report to the Desilu-Gower lot in late May and work 35 days (five days per week, weekends off), then take off for 10 weeks. He would then return to complete his remaining 30 days of shooting and was finished altogether around Thanksgiving. MacMurray's ten-week hiatus in the middle of each season's production schedule freed up the actor to follow other pursuits, while the filming of scenes with the other cast members continued. In short, all episodes were filmed out of sequence. Evidence of this is very apparent in several episodes, where plotlines had MacMurray's character on a business trip (e.g. "Small Adventure") or spending much of his time at the office (e.g. "Soap Box Derby"). This allowed him to seemingly take part in the entire episode with limited or no interaction with the other regulars during filming. This sometimes produced noticeable continuity problems onscreen, especially as the boys grew and changed styles.
Distribution[edit]
Although Don Fedderson gets the credit, My Three Sons was created by George Tibbles and produced by Don Fedderson Productions throughout the show's run, with MCA Television co-distributing the series during its 1960–65 ABC airing. When the series moved to CBS in 1965, the latter network assumed full production responsibilities (in association with Fedderson Productions) until the end of the series in 1972. CBS now holds the series' copyright. CBS Television Distribution presently owns distribution rights to the entire series (including the more widely seen and aforementioned 1965–72 CBS episodes). The show did not get syndicated until September 1976 (although CBS did air reruns of the show in its daytime lineup from December 1971 until the fall of 1972), and even then, only the CBS color episodes aired, while the black and white ABC episodes did not air on broadcast TV at all.
Nick at Nite aired My Three Sons from November 3, 1985 to October 28, 1991 with episodes from Seasons 1-5, the second half of season 11, and season 12. The Family Channel also aired only the black and white episodes from September 7, 1992 to July 30, 1993. The Seasons 1-3 episodes had the original Chevrolet closing credits. The Seasons 6–10 (and the first half of season 11) episodes were later aired on TV Land in the late 1990s. Odyssey ran all of the color episodes in the early 2000s. They also briefly aired the black and white episodes. In 2000, TV Land briefly aired the black & white episodes again, using the same syndication episode rights that were on Nick at Nite during the 1980s. In 2006 the Retro Television Network broadcast the show, airing only the color episodes.
Since fall 2004, only Seasons 6-10 are being distributed for syndication in the US-Domestic market, though very few stations air the show anymore.
In 2009, FamilyNet began airing the program as a lead-in for its Happy Days and Family Ties program block, which ended in February 2010. From 2012-14, and also from October 2015-February 2016, MeTV aired the Season 6-10 episodes in heavy rotation, and most closing credits included the original sponsor tags, such as those for Kellogg's. In 2016, Decades began airing the CBS (color) episodes in its "binge" blocks on some week-ends.
MeTV began airing the black and white episodes on May 29, 2017.[8]
Reunion special[edit]
This does not cite any sources. Please help improve this by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
MacMurray and most of the cast took part in Thanksgiving Reunion with The Partridge Family & My Three Sons, which aired on ABC on November 25, 1977. The retrospective special looked back at the history of My Three Sons and The Partridge Family (other than featuring single parents with a large family, the two series had no narrative, or even a studio, link). The special was notable for featuring footage from early black and white episodes of My Three Sons that, at this point in time, were not in syndication. While most of the collected casts gathered in a studio to reminisce, Demarest appeared in a brief pre-taped segment.
DVD releases[edit]
CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released the first two seasons of My Three Sons on DVD in Region 1.[9][10] It is unknown if the remaining seasons will be released.
In most episodes, the soundtrack was edited to remove the background musical score, which were originally stock music from the Capitol Records library; the licensing agreement with Capitol only covered broadcast rights, not home video rights, and clearing the music for home video release with the individual composers who worked on the Capitol recordings was deemed cost-prohibitive. The Capitol scores were replaced instead with more modern, synthesized music.[11] The original theme tune by Frank DeVol has been left unaltered; his musical scores in later seasons of the show, written specifically for the series, would less-likely be affected by licensing problems if the later seasons were released on DVD.[citation needed]
DVD name
No. of
episodes
Release date
The First Season: Volume 1 18 September 30, 2008
The First Season: Volume 2 18 January 20, 2009
The Second Season: Volume 1 18 February 23, 2010
The Second Season: Volume 2 18 June 15, 2010
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Korkis, Jim. "Fred MacMurray: The First Disney Legend by Wade Sampson". Mouseplanet.com. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
Jump up ^ Peter Tewksbury on IMDb
Jump up ^ "My Three Sons - Full cast and crew". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
Jump up ^ Season six, episode three - "Brother, Ernie"
Jump up ^ Terrace, Vincent Encyclopedia of Television Pilots, 1937–2012 McFarland
Jump up ^ Season four, episode two - "Scotch Broth"
Jump up ^ Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946-Present (Ninth Edition). Ballantine Books. pp. 1682–1686. ISBN 978-0-345-49773-4.
Jump up ^ "'ALF,' 'My Three Sons', 'Battlestar Galactica', and more join the MeTV Summer of Me 2017 Schedule". Metv.com. 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
Jump up ^ "My Three Sons - Season 2, Vol. 1 Announced: Release Date and Package Art". Tvshowsondvd.com. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
Jump up ^ "My Three Sons - Release DAte and Package art for 'Season 2, Vol. 2' DVDs". Tvshowsondvd.com. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
Jump up ^ Shostak, Stu (June 18, 2014). Interview with Michael Schlesinger, Stu's Show; retrieved June 22, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to My Three Sons.
My Three Sons on IMDb
My Three Sons at TV.com
My Three Sons at epguides.com
My Three Sons at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
My Three Sons-related interview videos at the Archive of American Television
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Three_Sons&oldid=818959866"
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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
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This article is about the northern kingdom during divided monarchy. For the unified monarchy, see Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy). For other uses, see Kingdom of Israel.
Kingdom of Israel
מַמְלֶכֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל
930 BCE–720 BCE
Map of Israel and Judah in the 9th century BCE
Status
Kingdom
Capital
Shechem (930 BCE)
Penuel (930–909)
Tirzah (909–880)
Samaria (880–720)
Common languages
Hebrew
Religion
Monolatristic or monotheistic Yahwism
Canaanite polytheism
Mesopotamian polytheism
Folk religion
Government
Monarchy
Historical era
Classical Antiquity
• Jeroboam's Revolt
930 BCE
• Assyrian exile
720 BCE
ISO 3166 code
IL
Preceded by Succeeded by
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Today part of
Israel
Golan Heights
West Bank
Jordan
Lebanon
Syria
Part of a series on the
History of Israel
Ancient Israel and Judah
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United monarchy
Northern Kingdom
Kingdom of Judah
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Second Temple period (530 BCE–70 CE)
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According to the Hebrew Bible, the Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: מַמְלֶכֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Modern: Mamlekhet Yisra'el, Tiberian: Mamléḵeṯ Yiśrāʼēl) was one of two successor states to the former United Kingdom of Israel and Judah. Historians often refer to the Kingdom of Israel as the "Northern Kingdom" or as the "Kingdom of Samaria" to differentiate it from the Southern Kingdom of Judah.
Modern scholarship, incorporating textual criticism and archaeology, has challenged the biblical account that the northern kingdom of Israel broke off from a united monarchy with the southern kingdom of Judah, suggesting instead that the northern civilization of Israel developed independently of Judah (a comparatively small and rural area), and that it first reached the political, economic, military and architectural sophistication of a kingdom under the Omride dynasty around 884 BCE.[1]:169–195[2][3]
The Kingdom of Israel existed roughly from 930 BCE until 720 BCE, when it was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The major cities of the kingdom were Shechem, Tirzah, and Shomron (Samaria).
Contents
1 Biblical narrative
1.1 United Monarchy
1.2 Division
1.3 Relations between the kingdoms
1.4 Destruction of the kingdom
2 Royal houses
2.1 The House of Jeroboam
2.2 The House of Baasha
2.3 The House of Zimri
2.4 The House of Omri
2.5 The House of Jehu
2.6 The House of Shallum
2.7 The House of Menahem (also known as the House of Gadi)
2.8 The House of Pekah
2.9 The House of Hoshea
2.10 Kingdom of Judah
3 Religion
4 Prophets
5 List of proposed Assyrian references to Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Biblical narrative[edit]
In the Hebrew Bible, the Kingdom of Israel has been referred to as the "House of Joseph".[4][5] It is also frequently referenced (particularly in poetry) as Ephraim, the tribe whose territory housed the capital cities and the royal families. It has also been referred to as "Israel in Samaria".[6]
According to the Hebrew Bible, the territory of the Kingdom of Israel comprised the territories of the tribes of Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad. Its capital was Samaria according to the Book of Isaiah.
United Monarchy[edit]
Main article: Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
The United Kingdom of Israel and Judah is said to have existed from about 1030 to about 930 BCE. It was a union of all the twelve Israelite tribes living in the area that presently approximates modern Israel and the other Levantine territories including much of western Jordan, and western Syria.
Division[edit]
Main article: Jeroboam's Revolt
After the death of Solomon in about 931 BCE, all the Israelite tribes except for Judah and Benjamin (called the ten northern tribes) refused to accept Rehoboam, the son and successor of Solomon, as their king.[7] The rebellion against Rehoboam arose after he refused to lighten the burden of taxation and services that his father had imposed on his subjects.[8]
Jeroboam, who was not of the Davidic line, was sent forth from Egypt by the malcontents.[9] The Tribe of Ephraim and all Israel raised the old cry, "Every man to his tents, O Israel".[10] Rehoboam fled to Jerusalem,[11][12] and in 930 BCE (some date it in 920 BCE), Jeroboam was proclaimed king over all Israel at Shechem. After the revolt at Shechem at first only the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the house of David. But very soon after the tribe of Benjamin joined Judah. The northern kingdom continued to be called the Kingdom of Israel or Israel, while the southern kingdom was called the Kingdom of Judah. 2 Chronicles 15:9[13] also says that members of the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh and Simeon fled to Judah during the reign of Asa of Judah.
Both Eusebius and Josephus place the division in 997 BCE – lunar dates of Venus can be mistaken as 64 years later (c. 930 BCE). (Crossing of sun over Mars as Tamuz would be 10 July 997 BCE.)
Shechem was the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel.[14] Afterwards it was Tirzah.[15] King Omri built his capital in Samaria (1 Kings 16:24), which continued as such until the destruction of the Kingdom by the Assyrians (2 Kings 17:5). During the three-year siege of Samaria by the Assyrians, Shalmaneser V died and was succeeded by Sargon II of Assyria, who himself records the capture of that city thus: "Samaria I looked at, I captured; 27,280 men who dwelt in it I carried away" into Assyria. Thus, around 720 BCE, after two centuries, the kingdom of the ten tribes came to an end.
Today, among archaeologists, Samaria is one of the most universally accepted archaeological sites from the biblical period[16] At around 850 BCE, the Mesha Stele, written in Old Hebrew alphabet, records a victory of King Mesha of Moab against king Omri of Israel and his son Ahab.[17]
Relations between the kingdoms[edit]
For the first sixty years, the kings of Judah tried to re-establish their authority over the northern kingdom, and there was perpetual war between them. For the following eighty years, there was no open war between them, and, for the most part, they were in friendly alliance, co-operating against their common enemies, especially against Damascus.
The conflict between Israel and Judah was resolved when Jehoshaphat, King of Judah, allied himself with the house of Ahab through marriage. Later, Jehosophat's son and successor, Jehoram of Judah, married Ahab's daughter Athaliah, cementing the alliance. However, the sons of Ahab were slaughtered by Jehu following his coup d'état around 840 BCE.
Destruction of the kingdom[edit]
Deportation of the Northern Kingdom by the Assyrian Empire
Main article: Assyrian captivity
In c. 732 BCE, Pekah of Israel, while allied with Rezin, king of Aram, threatened Jerusalem. Ahaz, king of Judah, appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III, the king of Assyria, for help. After Ahaz paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser[18] Tiglath-Pileser sacked Damascus and Israel, annexing Aram[19] and territory of the tribes of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh in Gilead including the desert outposts of Jetur, Naphish and Nodab. People from these tribes including the Reubenite leader, were taken captive and resettled in the region of the Khabur River system. Tiglath-Pilesar also captured the territory of Naphtali and the city of Janoah in Ephraim and an Assyrian governor was placed over the region of Naphtali. According to 2 Kings 16:9 and 15:29, the population of Aram and the annexed part of Israel was deported to Assyria.
Israel continued to exist within the reduced territory as an independent kingdom until around 720 BCE, when it was again invaded by Assyria and the rest of the population deported. The Bible relates that the population of Israel was exiled, becoming known as the Ten Lost Tribes, leaving only the Tribe of Judah, the Tribe of Simeon (that was "absorbed" into Judah), the Tribe of Benjamin and the people of the Tribe of Levi who lived among them of the original Israelites nation in the southern Kingdom of Judah. However, in their book The Bible Unearthed, authors Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman estimate that only a fifth of the population (about 40,000) were actually resettled out of the area during the two deportation periods under Tiglath-Pileser III and Sargon II.[1]:221 Many also fled south to Jerusalem, which appears to have expanded in size fivefold during this period, requiring a new wall to be built, and a new source of water (Siloam) to be provided by King Hezekiah.
The remainder of the northern kingdom was conquered by Sargon II, who captured the capital city Samaria in the territory of Ephraim. He took 27,290 people captive from the city of Samaria resettling some with the Israelites in the Khabur region and the rest in the land of the Medes thus establishing Hebrew communities in Ecbatana and Rages.
The Book of Tobit additionally records that Sargon had taken other captives from the northern kingdom to the Assyrian capital of Nineveh, in particular Tobit from the town of Thisbe in Naphtali.
In medieval Rabbinic fable, the concept of the ten tribes who were taken away from the House of David (who continued the rule of the southern kingdom of Judah), becomes confounded with accounts of the Assyrian deportations leading to the myth of the "Ten Lost Tribes". The recorded history differs from this fable: No record exists of the Assyrians having exiled people from Dan, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun or western Manasseh. Descriptions of the deportation of people from Reuben, Gad, Manasseh in Gilead, Ephraim and Naphtali indicate that only a portion of these tribes were deported and the places to which they were deported are known locations given in the accounts. The deported communities are mentioned as still existing at the time of the composition of the books of Kings and Chronicles and did not disappear by assimilation. 2 Chronicles 30:1-11[20] explicitly mentions northern Israelites who had been spared by the Assyrians in particular people of Ephraim, Manasseh, Asher, Issachar and Zebulun and how members of the latter three returned to worship at the Temple in Jerusalem during the reign of Hezekiah.
Royal houses[edit]
Further information: Kings of Israel and Judah
The genealogy of the kings of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judea, the Kingdom of Israel and the kings of the Kingdom of Judah. Most historians follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronologies of Gershon Galil and Kenneth Kitchen, all of which are shown below. All dates are BC/BCE.
Albright
Thiele
Galil
Kitchen
Common/Biblical name
Regnal Name and style
Notes
The House of Jeroboam[edit]
922–901 BCE 931–910 BCE 931–909 BCE 931–911 BCE Jeroboam I ירבעם בֵּן-נבט מלך ישראל
Yerav’am ben Nevat, Melekh Yisra’el Led the rebellion and divided the kingdoms. Reigned in Israel (Northern Kingdom) for 22 years. Death: Natural Causes
901–900 BCE 910–909 BCE 909–908 BCE 911–910 BCE Nadab נדב בֵּן-ירבעם מלך ישראל
Nadav ben Yerav’am, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned in Israel for 2 years. Death: Killed by Baasha, son of Ahijah of the house of Issachar, along with his whole family.
The House of Baasha[edit]
900–877 BCE 909–886 BCE 908–885 BCE 910–887 BCE Baasha בעשא בֵּן-אחיה מלך ישראל
Ba’asha ben Achiyah, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Tirzah for 24 years. Death: Natural Causes
877–876 BCE 886–885 BCE 885–884 BCE 887–886 BCE Elah אלה בֵּן-בעשא מלך ישראל
’Elah ben Ba’asha, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Tirzah for 2 years. Death: Zimri, one of his officials, got him drunk and killed him at his house in Azra.
The House of Zimri[edit]
876 BCE 885 BCE 884 BCE 886 BCE Zimri זמרי מלך ישראל
Zimri, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Tirzah for 7 days. Death: He set his palace on fire when Omri and all the Israelites with him withdrew from Gibbethon and laid siege to Tirzah.
The House of Omri[edit]
876–869 BCE 885–874 BCE 884–873 BCE 886–875 BCE Omri עמרי מלך ישראל
’Omri, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 12 years. Death: Natural Causes
869–850 BCE 874–853 BCE 873–852 BCE 875–853 BCE Ahab אחאב בֵּן-עמרי מלך ישראל
Ah’av ben ’Omri, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 22 years. Death: Shot by an archer during the battle at Ramoth Gilead. He died upon his arrival at Samaria.
850–849 BCE 853–852 BCE 852–851 BCE 853–852 BCE Ahaziah אחזיהו בֵּן-אחאב מלך ישראל
’Ahazyahu ben 'Ah’av, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 2 years. Death: He fell through the lattice of his upper room and injured himself. Elijah the prophet told him he would never leave his bed and would die on it.
849–842 BCE 852–841 BCE 851–842 BCE 852–841 BCE Joram יורם בֵּן-אחאב מלך ישראל
Yehoram ben ’Ah’av, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 12 years. Death: Killed by Jehu, the next king of Israel,
The House of Jehu[edit]
842–815 BCE 841–814 BCE 842–815 BCE] 841–814 BCE Jehu יהוא בֵּן-נמשי מלך ישראל
Yehu ben Nimshi, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 28 years.[21] Death: Natural Causes
815–801 BCE 814–798 BCE 819–804 BCE 814–806 BCE Jehoahaz יהואחז בֵּן-יהוא מלך ישראל
Yeho’ahaz ben Yehu, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 17 years. Death: Natural Causes
801–786 BCE 798–782 BCE 805–790 BCE 806–791 BCE Jehoash
(Joash) יואש בֵּן-יואחז מלך ישראל
Yeho’ash ben Yeho’ahaz, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 16 years. Death: Natural Causes
786–746 BCE 782–753 BCE 790–750 BCE 791–750 BCE Jeroboam II ירבעם בֵּן-יואש מלך ישראל
Yerav’am ben Yeho’ash, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 41 years. Death: Natural Causes. The Book of Jonah or Jonah's journey to Nineveh (when he was swallowed by a whale or fish) happened at that time.
746 BCE 753 BCE 750–749 BCE 750 BCE Zachariah זכריה בֵּן-ירבעם מלך ישראל
Zekharyah ben Yerav’am, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 6 months. Death: Shallum son of Jabesh killed him in front of the people and succeeded as king.
The House of Shallum[edit]
745 BCE 752 BCE 749 BCE 749 BCE Shallum שלם בֵּן-יבש מלך ישראל
Shallum ben Yavesh, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 1 month. Death: Menahem son of Gadi attacked Shallum and assassinated him.
The House of Menahem (also known as the House of Gadi)[edit]
745–738 BCE 752–742 BCE 749–738 BCE 749–739 BCE Menahem מְנַחֵם בֵּן-גדי מלך ישראל
Menachem ben Gadi, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 10 years. Death: Natural Causes
738–737 BCE 742–740 BCE 738–736 BCE 739–737 BCE Pekahiah פקחיה בֵּן-מְנַחֵם מלך ישראל
Pekahyah ben Menahem, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 2 years. Death: Pekah son of Remaliah, one of the chief officers, took 50 men with him and assassinated the king in his palace at Samaria.
The House of Pekah[edit]
737–732 BCE 740–732 BCE 736–732 BCE 737–732 BCE Pekah פקח בֵּן-רמליהו מלך ישראל
Pekah ben Remalyahu, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 20 years. Death: Hoshea son of Elah conspired against him and assassinated him.
The House of Hoshea[edit]
732–722 BCE 732–722 BCE 732–722 BCE 732–722 BCE] Hoshea הושע בֵּן-אלה מלך ישראל
Hoshe’a ben ’Elah, Melekh Yisra’el Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 9 years.[22] Death: King Shalmanser attacked and captured Samaria. He charged Hoshea of treason and he put him in prison, then, he deported the Israelites to Assyria.
Kingdom of Judah[edit]
Main article: Kingdom of Judah
The Kingdom of Judah continued to exist as an independent state until 586 BCE, when it was conquered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
Religion[edit]
This section uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them. Please help improve this article by adding references to reliable secondary sources, with multiple points of view. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The religious climate of the Kingdom of Israel appears to have followed two major trends. The first, that of worship of Yahweh, and the second that of worship of Baal as detailed in the Hebrew Bible (1 Kings 16:31) and in the Baal cycle discovered at Ugarit.
According to the Hebrew Bible Jeroboam built two places of worship, one at Bethel and one at far northern Dan, as alternatives to the Temple in Jerusalem.[23](1 Kings 12:29) He did not want the people of his kingdom to have religious ties to Jerusalem, the capital city of the rival Kingdom of Judah. He erected golden bulls at the entrance to the Temples to represent the national god.[24] The Hebrew Bible, written from the perspective of scribes in Jerusalem, referred to these acts as the way of Jeroboam or the errors of Jeroboam.[24] (1 Kings 12:26-29)
The Bible states that Ahab allowed the cult worship of Baal to become an acceptable religion of the kingdom. His wife Jezebel was a devotee to Baal worship. (1 Kings 16:31)
Prophets[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Elijah, opponent of religious inventions under Ahab and Jezebel
Elisha, chosen successor of Elijah
Amos
Hosea
Jonah
Nahum
List of proposed Assyrian references to Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)[edit]
This section is missing information about Archaeological findings and/or evidence. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (August 2015)
The table below lists all the historical references to the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) in Assyrian records.[25] King Omri's name takes the Assyrian shape of "Humri", his kingdom or dynasty that of Bit Humri or alike - the "House of Humri/Omri".
Assyrian King
Inscription
Year
Transliteration
Translation
Shalmaneser III Kurkh Monoliths 853 BCE KUR sir-'i-la-a-a "Israel"
Shalmaneser III Black Obelisk, Calah Fragment, Kurba'il Stone, Ashur Stone 841 BCE mar Hu-um-ri-i "[Bit ]-Humrite"
Adad-nirari III Tell al-Rimah Stela 803 BCE KUR Sa-me-ri-na-a-a "land of Samaria"
Adad-nirari III Nimrud Slab 803 BCE KUR <Bit>-Hu-um-ri-i "the 'land of Bit-Humri"
Tiglath-Pileser III Layard 45b+ III R 9,1 740 BCE [KUR sa-me-ri-i-na-a-a] ["land of Samaria"]
Tiglath-Pileser III Iran Stela 739–738 BCE KUR sa-m[e]-ri-i-na-a-[a] "land of Samaria"
Tiglath-Pileser III Layard 50a + 50b + 67a 738–737 BCE URU sa-me-ri-na-a-a "city of Sarnaria"
Tiglath-Pileser III Layard 66 732–731 BCE URU Sa-me-ri-na "city of Sarnaria")
Tiglath-Pileser III III R 10,2 731 BCE KUR E Hu-um-ri-a "land of Bit-Humri"
Tiglath-Pileser III ND 4301 + 4305 730 BCE KUR E Hu-um-ri-a "land of Bit-Humri"
Shalmaneser V Babylonian Chronicle ABC1 725 BCE URU Sa-ma/ba-ra-'-in "city of Sarnaria"
Sargon II Nimrud Prism, Great Summary Inscription 720 BCE URU Sa-me-ri-na "city of Samerina"
Sargon II Palace Door, Small Summary Inscription, Cylinder Inscription, Bull Inscription 720 BCE KUR Bit-Hu-um-ri-a "land of Bit-Humri"
See also[edit]
Book: Kings of Israel
History of ancient Israel and Judah
Israel
Samaritans
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002) The Bible Unearthed : Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-684-86912-8
Jump up ^ Kuhrt, Amiele (1995). The Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 438. ISBN 978-0-41516-762-8.
Jump up ^ "The Bible and Interpretation - David, King of Judah (Not Israel)". www.bibleinterp.com.
Jump up ^ *Zechariah 10:6
Jump up ^ *II Samuel 2:10
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 22:51 and many subsequent passages
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 12:17-22
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 12:4, 1 Kings 12:14
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 12:2-3
Jump up ^ 2Samuel 20:1
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 12:1-18
Jump up ^ 2 Chronicles 10
Jump up ^ 2 Chronicles 15:9
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 12:25
Jump up ^ 1 Kings 14:17
Jump up ^ See Yohanan Aharoni, et al. (1993) The Macmillan Bible Atlas, p. 94, Macmillan Publishing: New York; and Amihai Mazar (1992) The Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: 10,000 – 586 B.C.E, p. 404, New York: Doubleday, see pp. 406-410 for discussion of archaeological significance of Shomron (Samaria) under Omride Dynasty.
Jump up ^ 2 Kings 3
Jump up ^ 2 Kings 16:7-9
Jump up ^ Lester L. Grabbe (2007). Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?. New York: T&T Clark. p. 134. ISBN 978-05-67-11012-1.
Jump up ^ 2 Chronicles 30:1-18
Jump up ^ Considered to be a contemporary of the Assyrian King Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) to whom he paid tribute. This is based on an inscription on The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III showing "Yaua" son of Omri paying tribute, dated to 841 BCE.
Jump up ^ Paid tribute to the Assyrian King Shalmaneser V (727–722 BCE) but rebelled in 725 BCE. Shalmaneser besieged the capital, Samaria, but died shortly before the fall of the city. His brother Sargon II (722–705 BCE) completed the siege with success in 722. Some of the population of the Northern Kingdom was exiled to other parts of the Assyrian Empire and new population groups were resettled in the new Assyrian province of Samaria. A small group of people fled south to take refuge in Judah.
Jump up ^ Jonathan S. Greer (2015) "The Sanctuaries at Dan and Bethel"
^ Jump up to: a b "Israelite Temple", Tel Dan Excavations
Jump up ^ Kelle, Brad (2002), "What's in a Name? Neo-Assyrian Designations for the Northern Kingdom and Their Implications for Israelite History and Biblical Interpretation", Journal of Biblical Literature, 121 (4): 639–646, JSTOR 3268575
External links[edit]
About Israel - The Information Center About Israel
[permanent dead link] Biblical History The Jewish History Resource Center - Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Complete Bible Genealogy A synchronized chart of the kings of Israel and Judah
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Antigonus II Mattathias
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Agrippa II
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See also
List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)&oldid=865606135"
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