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Gimme Shelter
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This article is about the song by the Rolling Stones. For other uses, see Gimme Shelter (disambiguation).
"Gimme Shelter"
Song by The Rolling Stones
from the album Let It Bleed
Released
5 December 1969 (1969-12-05)
Recorded
23 February & 2 November 1969
Genre
Hard rock[1]
blues rock
Length
4:37
Label
Decca Records/ABKCO
Songwriter(s)
Jagger/Richards
Producer(s)
Jimmy Miller
Audio sample
file
help
"Gimme Shelter" is the opening track to the 1969 album Let It Bleed by the Rolling Stones. Although the first word was spelled "Gimmie" on that album, subsequent recordings by the band and other musicians have made "Gimme" the customary spelling. Greil Marcus, writing in Rolling Stone magazine at the time of its release, praised the song, stating that the band has "never done anything better."
The recording features Richards playing in his new open tuning on electric guitar. The recording also features vocals by Merry Clayton. Lisa Fischer was later recruited to perform the song during concerts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Inspiration and recording
2 Releases on compilation albums and live recordings
2.1 Music video
3 Personnel
4 Accolades
5 In popular culture
6 Cover versions
6.1 "Putting Our House in Order" project
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Inspiration and recording[edit]
"Gimme Shelter" was written by the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards, the band's primary songwriting team.[a] Richards began working on the song's signature opening riff in London whilst Jagger was away filming Performance. As released, the song begins with Richards performing a guitar intro, soon joined by Jagger's lead vocal. Of Let It Bleed's bleak world view, Jagger said in a 1995 interview with Rolling Stone magazine:
Well, it's a very rough, very violent era. The Vietnam War. Violence on the screens, pillage and burning. And Vietnam was not war as we knew it in the conventional sense. The thing about Vietnam was that it wasn't like World War II, and it wasn't like Korea, and it wasn't like the Gulf War. It was a real nasty war, and people didn't like it. People objected, and people didn't want to fight it ... That's a kind of end-of-the-world song, really. It's apocalypse; the whole record's like that.[2]
Similarly, on NPR in 2012:
It was a very moody piece about the world closing in on you a bit ... When it was recorded, early '69 or something, it was a time of war and tension, so that's reflected in this tune. It's still wheeled out when big storms happen, as they did the other week [during Hurricane Sandy]. It's been used a lot to evoke natural disaster.[3]
However, the song's inspiration was not Vietnam or social unrest, but Keith Richards seeing people scurrying for shelter from a sudden rain storm. According to him:
I had been sitting by the window of my friend Robert Fraser’s apartment on Mount Street in London with an acoustic guitar when suddenly the sky went completely black and an incredible monsoon came down. It was just people running about looking for shelter — that was the germ of the idea. We went further into it until it became, you know, rape and murder are ‘just a shot away.[4]
The recording features guest vocals by Merry Clayton, recorded at a last-minute late-night recording session during the mixing phase, arranged by her friend and record producer Jack Nitzsche.[5]
After the first verse, Merry Clayton enters and shares the next three verses. A harmonica solo by Jagger and guitar solo by Richards follow, then with great energy, Clayton repeatedly sings "Rape, murder! It's just a shot away! It's just a shot away!", almost screaming the final stanza. She and Jagger then repeat the line "It's just a shot away" and finish with repeats of "It's just a kiss away." When speaking of her inclusion in the recording, Jagger stated in the 2003 book According to the Rolling Stones: "The use of the female voice was the producer's idea. It would be one of those moment-s along the lines of 'I hear a girl on this track – get one on the phone.'"[5][6] Summoned—pregnant—from bed around midnight by producer Jack Nitzsche, Clayton made her recording with just a few takes then returned home to bed.[5] It remains the most prominent contribution to a Rolling Stones track by a female vocalist.[7]
At about 2:59 into the song, Clayton's voice cracks under the strain; once during the second refrain on the word "shot", then on the word "murder" during the third refrain, after which Jagger is faintly heard exclaiming "Woo!" in response to Clayton's powerful delivery.[8] Upon returning home she suffered a miscarriage, attributed by some sources to her exertions during the recording.[9] Merry Clayton's name was erroneously written on the original release, appearing as 'Mary'. Her name is also listed as 'Mary' on the 2002 Let It Bleed remastered CD.[10]
The song was first recorded in London at Olympic Studios in February and March 1969; the version with Clayton was recorded in Los Angeles at Sunset Sound Recorders and Elektra Studios in October and November that same year. Nicky Hopkins played piano, the Rolling Stones' producer Jimmy Miller played percussion, Charlie Watts played drums, Bill Wyman played bass, Jagger played harmonica and sang backup vocals with Richards and Clayton. Guitarist Brian Jones was present during the early sessions but did not contribute, Richards being credited with both rhythm and lead guitars on the album sleeve.[citation needed]
For the recording, Richards used an Australian-made Maton SE777, a large single-cutaway hollowbody guitar, which he had previously used on "Midnight Rambler." Unfortunately, the guitar barely survived the recording before literally falling apart. "[O]n the very last note of 'Gimmie Shelter,'" Richards told Guitar World in 2002, "the whole neck fell off. You can hear it on the original take."[11]
Releases on compilation albums and live recordings[edit]
"Gimme Shelter" quickly became a staple of the Rolling Stones' live shows. It was first performed sporadically during their 1969 American Tour and became a regular addition to their setlist during the 1972 American Tour. Concert versions appear on the Stones' albums No Security (recorded 1997, released 1998),[12] Live Licks (recorded 2003, released 2004),[13] Brussels Affair (recorded 1973, released 2011),[14][15] and Sweet Summer Sun: Hyde Park Live (2013).[16] A May 1995 performance recorded at Paradiso (Amsterdam) was released as audio on the 1996 Saint of Me single, included in The Singles Collection 1971-2006 (45CD Box Set, 2011), and as video, on Totally Stripped Blu-Ray and DVD (2016).
The song appears in the 2010 official DVD release of the 1972 Rolling Stones tour film, Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones.[17] It is also featured on Bridges to Babylon Tour '97–98 (1998), Four Flicks (2003), The Biggest Bang (2007), Sweet Summer Sun: Hyde Park Live (2013), and The Rolling Stones: Havana Moon (2016).[18]
The female contributor to the song live is Lisa Fischer, the only woman to appear in all their tours since 1989.[19]
In their 2012 50th anniversary tour, the Rolling Stones sang this song with Mary J. Blige,[20] Florence Welch,[20] and Lady Gaga.[21][20]
"Gimme Shelter" was never released as a single. Nevertheless, it has been included on many compilation releases, including Gimme Shelter,[22] Hot Rocks 1964–1971,[23] Forty Licks[24] and GRRR!.[25]
Music video[edit]
Michel Gondry, an Academy Award-winning French filmmaker, directed a music video for the song, which was released in 1998. The video features a sixteen-year old Brad Renfro, playing a young man escaping with his brother from a dysfunctional home and the abuse they suffered at the hands of their abusive alcoholic father, and then from society as a whole.[26]
Personnel[edit]
The Rolling Stones
Mick Jagger – lead vocals, harmonica
Keith Richards – guitars, backing vocals
Bill Wyman – bass
Charlie Watts – drums
Additional personnel
Nicky Hopkins – piano
Jimmy Miller – percussion
Merry Clayton – co-lead vocals (credited as "Mary Clayton")
Accolades[edit]
Greil Marcus, writing for Rolling Stone magazine at the time of the "Gimme Shelter"'s release stated that "[t]he Stones have never done anything better."[27] "Gimme Shelter" was placed at number 38 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" in 2004. Pitchfork Media placed it at number 12 on its list of "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s".[28] Ultimate Classic Rock put the song at number one on their Top 100 Rolling Stones songs [29] and number three on their Top 100 Classic Rock Songs [30]
In popular culture[edit]
"Gimme Shelter" has been played in a variety of movies and television shows/commercials. The 1970 documentary film Gimme Shelter, directed by Albert and David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin,[31] chronicling the last weeks of the Stones' 1969 US tour and culminating in the disastrous Altamont Free Concert, took its name from the song.[32][33][34] A live version of the song played over the documentary's credits.[35]
Appearance
Additional info
Reference
American Red Cross
"Play Your Part" public service advertising campaign in 1989 [36]
Gimme Shelter (2013)
[37]
Goodfellas (1990)
[38]
Casino (1995)
[38]
The Departed (2006)
[38]
Air America (1990)
[39]
Wild Palms (1993)
[40]
Layer Cake (2004)
[38]
Flight (2012)
[38]
Call of Duty: Black Ops
Trailer for the video game [41][42]
The Simpsons
Episode "Marge vs. Singles, Seniors, Childless Couples and Teens, and Gays", in a scene parodying Woodstock [43]
Nip/Tuck
Season 4/episode 5 ("Dawn Budge") of the FX television series [44]
Life (NBC TV series)
Episode 10, season 1 (season finale) in 2007
Heineken beer commercial
Featuring Brad Pitt (2008)
'Person of Interest
Season 2, episode 10 (2012)
The Daily Show (2013)
[45]
Hockey Night in Canada (2013)
[46]
20 Feet from Stardom
[47]
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2014)
Covert Affairs
Episode 10, season 2
ABC's coverage of the 2014 Indianapolis 500
The Gambler (2014)
[48]
Supernatural
Episode "Don't Call Me Shurley"
Cover versions[edit]
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: May not meet WP:SONGCOVER. Please help improve this section if you can. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ruth Copeland on her first album Self Portrait, performed with George Clinton's Parliament, in 1969 (reissued on The Invictus Sessions in 2002)[49]
The original backing singer, Merry Clayton, recorded her own version in 1970 which entered the Billboard Hot 100[50]
Grand Funk Railroad on the album Survival in 1971; a number 61 US single[51]
Josefus for their album Dead Man[52]
Puddle of Mudd on the 2011 album Re:(disc)overed[53]
The Sisters of Mercy in 1983, on the B-side of their single "Temple of Love" (released on the album Some Girls Wander by Mistake in 1992). In this version the words "shot" and "kiss" were interchanged.[54]
The London Symphony Orchestra on the album Symphonic Music of The Rolling Stones.[55] This version of the song is heard in the Children of Men (2006) trailer.
Patti Smith released the song as a single from her April 2007 covers album Twelve.[56]
Paul Brady & the Forest Rangers covered the song for the final episode of season 2 of Sons of Anarchy.[57] This version is available on the 5-song EP Sons of Anarchy: Shelter.
Tom Jones recorded the song with New Model Army. It was released on his album The Definitive Tom Jones 1964-2002.[58]
U2 covered the song at the Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame benefit concert on 30 October 2009, with Mick Jagger sharing lead vocals with Bono and featuring the Black Eyed Peas members Fergie, singing Merry Clayton's vocal part, and will.i.am, playing piano and synthesizer.[59][60][61]
The Underachievers used the introduction of "Gimme Shelter" for the production of their 2013 single "The Proclamation"[62]
Stone Sour covered the song on their EP Straight Outta Burbank... with female vocals performed by Lzzy Hale of Halestorm[63]
Jazz vibist Cal Tjader covered the song on his 1971 album Agua Dulce.[64][65]
"Putting Our House in Order" project[edit]
In 1993, a Food Records project collected various versions of the track by the following bands and collaborations, the proceeds of which went to the Shelter charity's "Putting Our House in Order" homeless initiative. The versions were issued across various formats, and had a live version of the song by the Rolling Stones as a common lead track to ensure chart eligibility.[citation needed]
"Gimme Shelter" (pop version – cassette single)
Voice of the Beehive and Jimmy Somerville[66]
"Gimme Shelter" (alternative version – CD single)
New Model Army and Tom Jones[67]
Cud and Sandie Shaw
Kingmaker
"Gimme Shelter" (rock version – CD single)
Thunder[68]
Little Angels
Hawkwind and Samantha Fox
"Gimme Shelter" (dance version – 12" single)
808 State and Robert Owens
Pop Will Eat Itself vs Gary Clail vs Ranking Roger vs the Mighty Diamonds vs the On U Sound System
Blue Pearl (produced and mixed by Utah Saints)
See also[edit]
List of anti-war songs
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Mick Jagger and Keith Richards writing team is commonly referred to as the "Glimmer Twins" and have occasionally been credited as such on releases, see Jagger/Richards.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ v.d. Luft, Eric (21 September 2009). Die at the Right Time!: A Subjective Cultural History of the American Sixties. Gegensatz Press. p. 410. ISBN 978-1-933237-39-8.
Jump up ^ Wenner, Jann. ""Jagger Remembers"". Archived from the original on 18 May 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) , Rolling Stone (14 December 1995). Accessed 20 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "Mick Jagger On The Apocalyptic 'Gimme Shelter'". November 16, 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Giles, Jeff (27 October 2017). "Keith Richards Recalls Making the Rolling Stones' 'Gimme Shelter'". Ultimate Classic Rock.
^ Jump up to: a b c Springer, Mike. "Mick Jagger Tells the Story Behind 'Gimme Shelter' and Merry Clayton's Haunting Background Vocals Open Culture". Openculture.com. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ Jagger, Mick; Richards, Keith; Wood, Ronnie; Watts, Charlie (2003). According to the Rolling Stones. California: Chronicle Books. p. 117. ISBN 0811869679.
Jump up ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Gimme Shelter". allmusic.com (2007). Accessed 20 May 2007.
Jump up ^ 20 Feet From Stardom - Gimme Shelter, 2016-02-12, retrieved 2017-09-03
Jump up ^ Snowden, Don (13 March 1986). "For Clayton, The Gloom Is Gone". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Jagger, M., Richards, K., “Let It Bleed." Album credits. 2002. CD.
Jump up ^ "From the Archive: The Rolling Stones' Keith Richards Looks Back on 40 Years of Making Music". Guitar World. 6 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "No Security | The Rolling Stones". www.rollingstones.com. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Live Licks - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ Harris, John (2011-11-22). "Why a Rolling Stones bootleg is one of my albums of the year". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Brussels Affair (Live 1973) - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Sweet Summer Sun: Hyde Park Live - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ Spitz, Marc. "Ladies and Gentlemen, the Rolling Stones Finally Gets the DVD Treatment". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Reviewed! The Rolling Stones - Havana Moon - Uncut". Uncut. 2016-09-20. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (2016-06-07). "Lisa Fischer on life in the shadows of the Stones and Tina Turner: 'I got used to keeping quiet'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Rolling Stones' 'Gimme Shelter': Did Gaga, Mary J. or Florence Sing It Best?". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga sings 'Gimme Shelter' with The Rolling Stones at New Jersey gig". NME. 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter [Live] - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Hot Rocks: 1964-1971 - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Forty Licks - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Buy GRRR! | The Rolling Stones". www.rollingstones.com. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "The Rolling Stones – Gimme Shelter (1998)" (Requires IE7 or newer to display with scrollbar; Gecko-based browsers (Firefox et al) do not show the scrollbar, although the page is scrollable with navigation keys). Michel Gondry: Pleasure of the Unknown. realeyz.tv. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Marcus, Greil (27 December 1969). "Let It Bleed The Rolling Stones: Let It Bleed". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s". Pitchfork. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "No. 1: 'Gimme Shelter' – Top 100 Rolling Stones Songs". Ultimateclassicrock.com. 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "No. 3: Rolling Stones, 'Gimme Shelter' – Top 100 Classic Rock Songs". Ultimateclassicrock.com. 2012-04-30. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "GIMME SHELTER - Festival de Cannes". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ Awesome, Network (2013-02-21). "Just a Shot Away: The Rolling Stones' Gimme Shelter". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "The Rolling Stones: Gimme Shelter". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ Canby, Vincent. "Movie Review - Gimme Shelter". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter [Video] - The Rolling Stones | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ "The Paley Center for Media". Paleycenter.org. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Vanessa Hudgens: 'I had to work on loving myself again'". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ross, Charlotte (2014-10-13). "Clip joint: the Rolling Stones' Gimme Shelter". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ Ardell, Jena (2013-02-28). "Quit Using "Gimme Shelter" In Every Damn Movie". L.A. Weekly. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Wild Palms". EW.com. 1993-05-14. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Michael Phelps and Danny McBride Go to Outer Space for Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare". Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ Times, Music (2014-11-06). "'Call of Duty' Trailer Soundtracks: From Frank Sinatra to Eminem, AC/DC and More [WATCH]". Music Times. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ TV.com. "The Simpsons: Marge vs. Singles, Seniors, Childless Couples and Teens, and Gays". TV.com. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Music on Nip/Tuck: The best money can buy". MTV News. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "The Canadian Maple Syrup Syndicate-The Daily Show with Jon Stewart - Video Clip | Comedy Central". Thedailyshow.cc.com. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Video: Hockey Night In Canada's Closing Montage". Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ 20 Feet From Stardom - Gimme Shelter, 2016-02-12, retrieved 2017-08-06
Jump up ^ "The Gambler Official Trailer #1 (2014) - Mark Wahlberg, Jessica Lange Movie HD". YouTube. 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter: The Invictus Sessions - Ruth Copeland | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ "'Gimme Shelter' Singer Merry Clayton: Just a Shot Away". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Survival - Grand Funk Railroad | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ Koda, Cub. "Dead Man". allmusic.com. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Puddle of Mudd Reworks Rolling Stones, Neil Young Hits for Covers Album". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter - The Sisters of Mercy Song - BBC Music". BBC. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ Noble, Barnes &. "Symphonic Music of the Rolling Stones". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ "Patti Smith: Gimme Shelter". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
Jump up ^ Times, Music (2014-12-09). "'Sons of Anarchy' Finale: 6 Best Musical Moments by The Forest Rangers, Curtis Stigers and Paul Brady [LISTEN]". Music Times. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "The Definitive Tom Jones 1964-2002 [Box Set] - Tom Jones | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
Jump up ^ "Rock & Roll Hall of Fame captivates the senses with debut of Connor Theater (video)". cleveland.com. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Fergie's Night Out With Mick Jagger!". Us Weekly. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (2010-12-14), U2, Mick Jagger, Fergie - "Gimme Shelter" at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 25th Anniversary Shows, retrieved 2017-08-06
Jump up ^ "The Rolling Stones' 'Gimme Shelter' Sampled in New Song". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Hear Stone Sour and Lzzy Hale's Reverent Stones Cover". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter - Cal Tjader | Song Info | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ Gimme Shelter, 2010-01-01, retrieved 2017-08-07
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter – Voice of the Beehive and Jimmy, a playlist by Wade W Wellard on Spotify". Spotify. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ "Gimme Shelter - Tom Jones & New Model Army Song - BBC Music". BBC. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ Gimme Shelter, 1995-09-25, retrieved 2017-08-07
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Let It Bleed
Side one
"Gimme Shelter"
"Love in Vain"
"Country Honk"
"Live with Me"
"Let It Bleed"
Side two
"Midnight Rambler"
"You Got the Silver"
"Monkey Man"
"You Can't Always Get What You Want"
[show]
v
t
e
The Rolling Stones
Mick Jagger
Keith Richards
Charlie Watts
Ronnie Wood
Brian Jones
Ian Stewart
Mick Taylor
Bill Wyman
Mick Avory
Tony Chapman
Ricky Fenson
Colin Golding
Carlo Little
Dick Taylor
Video releases
Let's Spend the Night Together (1983)
Stones at the Max (1992)
The Rolling Stones: Voodoo Lounge Live (1995)
The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (1996)
Bridges to Babylon Tour '97–98 (1998)
Four Flicks (2003)
The Biggest Bang (2007)
Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones (2010)
Some Girls: Live in Texas '78 (2011)
Sweet Summer Sun: Live in Hyde Park (2013)
The Rolling Stones: Havana Moon (2016)
Documentaries
The Stones in the Park (1969)
Gimme Shelter (1970)
Cocksucker Blues (1972)
Video Rewind (1984)
25×5: the Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones (1989)
Shine a Light (2008)
Stones in Exile (2010)
Crossfire Hurricane (2012)
Olé Olé Olé!: A Trip Across Latin America (2017)
Tours
British Tour 1963
1964 tours
1965 tours
1966 tours
European Tour 1967
American Tour 1969
European Tour 1970
UK Tour 1971
American Tour 1972
Pacific Tour 1973
European Tour 1973
Tour of the Americas '75
Tour of Europe '76
US Tour 1978
American Tour 1981
European Tour 1982
Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour
Voodoo Lounge Tour
Bridges to Babylon Tour
No Security Tour
Licks Tour
A Bigger Bang
50 & Counting
14 On Fire
Zip Code Tour
América Latina Olé Tour 2016
Fall 2016 US Tour
No Filter Tour
Collaborators
Gene Barge
Ollie E. Brown
Blondie Chaplin
Lisa Fischer
Bernard Fowler
Nicky Hopkins
Darryl Jones
Bobby Keys
Chuck Leavell
Ian McLagan
Billy Preston
Jim Price
Ernie Watts
Associated places
Olympic Studios
Redlands
Stargroves
Nellcôte
The Wick
Downe House
The Mick Jagger Centre
Related
Discography
Songs
The Rolling Stones concerts
Jagger/Richards
Nanker Phelge
Rolling Stones Records
Promotone
The Stones in the Park
Altamont Free Concert
Rolling Stones Mobile Studio
The Rolling Stones: An Illustrated Record
The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus
Andrew Loog Oldham
Allen Klein
Peter Meaden
John Pasche
Instruments played
Book
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
The Rolling Stones discography
Decca (UK) and
London (US)
singles
"Come On"
"I Wanna Be Your Man" / "Stoned"
"Not Fade Away" / "Little by Little"
"It's All Over Now"
"Tell Me" / "I Just Want to Make Love to You"
"Time Is on My Side"
"Little Red Rooster"
"Heart of Stone"
"The Last Time" / "Play with Fire"
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" / "The Spider and the Fly"
"Get Off of My Cloud" / "I'm Free"
"As Tears Go By"
"19th Nervous Breakdown" / "As Tears Go By"
"Paint It Black" / "Stupid Girl"
"Mother's Little Helper" / "Lady Jane"
"Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?"
"Let's Spend the Night Together" / "Ruby Tuesday"
"We Love You" / "Dandelion"
"In Another Land"
"She's a Rainbow" / "2000 Light Years from Home"
"Jumpin' Jack Flash"
"Street Fighting Man" / "No Expectations"
"Honky Tonk Women" / "You Can't Always Get What You Want"
Rolling Stones/
Atlantic singles
"Brown Sugar" / "Bitch" / "Let It Rock"
"Wild Horses" / "Sway"
"Tumbling Dice" / "Sweet Black Angel"
"Happy" / "All Down the Line"
"Angie" / "Silver Train"
"Doo Doo Doo Doo Doo (Heartbreaker)" / "Dancing with Mr. D"
"It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)"
"Ain't Too Proud to Beg" / "Dance Little Sister"
"Fool to Cry"
"Hot Stuff"
Rolling Stones
"Miss You" / "Far Away Eyes"
"Beast of Burden" / "When the Whip Comes Down"
"Respectable" / "When the Whip Comes Down"
"Shattered"
"Emotional Rescue"
"She's So Cold" / "Send It to Me"
"Start Me Up"
"Waiting on a Friend" / "Little T&A"
"Hang Fire" / "Neighbours"
"Going to a Go-Go" (live) / "Beast of Burden" (live)
"Time Is on My Side" (live) / "Twenty Flight Rock" (live)
"Undercover of the Night"
"She Was Hot"
"Too Much Blood"
"Harlem Shuffle"
"One Hit (To the Body)"
"Mixed Emotions"
"Rock and a Hard Place"
"Almost Hear You Sigh"
"Highwire" / "2000 Light Years from Home" (live)
"Ruby Tuesday" (live) / "Play with Fire" (live)
"Jumpin' Jack Flash" (live) / "Tumbling Dice" (live)
Virgin singles
"Love Is Strong"
"You Got Me Rocking"
"Out of Tears"
"I Go Wild"
"Like a Rolling Stone" (live) / "Black Limousine" / "All Down the Line"
"Wild Horses" (live) / "Live with Me" (live) / "Tumbling Dice" (live)
"Anybody Seen My Baby?"
"Saint of Me" / "Gimme Shelter" (live)
"Out of Control"
"Don't Stop" / "Miss You" (remix)
"Streets of Love" / "Rough Justice"
"Rain Fall Down"
"Biggest Mistake" / "Before They Make Me Run" (live)
Universal singles
"Plundered My Soul" / "All Down the Line"
"No Spare Parts" / "Before They Make Me Run"
"Doom and Gloom"
"One More Shot"
Other countries
"Let It Bleed" / "You Got the Silver" (London Japan)
"Rocks Off" / "Sweet Virginia" (Japan)
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Patti Smith
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Jimmy Somerville
Bronski Beat
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Studio albums
Bronski Beat
The Age of Consent (1984)
Rainbow Nation (1995)
The Communards
Communards (1986)
Red (1987)
Read My Lips (1989)
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Manage the Damage (1999)
Home Again (2004)
Suddenly Last Summer (2009)
Homage (2015)
Remix albums
Bronski Beat
Hundreds & Thousands (1985)
Root Beer (2000)
Live albums
The Communards
Storm Paris (1988)
Compilations
The Communards
Heaven (1993)
Het Beste Van The Communards (2005)
The Platinum Collection (2006)
Best (1989)
The Singles Collection 1984/1990 (1990)
Master Series (1991)
The Very Best of Jimmy Somerville, Bronski Beat and The Communards (2001)
The Essentials (2002)
For a Friend: The Best of Bronski Beat, The Communards & Jimmy Somerville (2009)
Dance & Desire: Rarities & Videos (2014)
Other albums
Fine Young Cannibals (1985)
(VA) Red Hot + Blue (1990)
(OST) Orlando (1993)
Plagiarism (1997)
Another Gay Soundtrack (2006)
Clubland 10 (2006)
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Bright Thing (2010)
Momentum (2011)
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Bronski Beat
"Smalltown Boy" (1984)
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"Why? (1995 Remix)" (1995)
The Communards
"You Are My World" (1985)
"Disenchanted" (1986)
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"You Are My World ('87 Remix)" (1987)
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"Never Can Say Goodbye" (1987)
"For a Friend" (1988)
"There's More to Love" (1988)
"Suspicious Minds" with Fine Young Cannibals (1986)
"The Last Infanta" with Uno (1988)
"Comment te dire adieu" with June Miles-Kingston (1989)
"You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)" (1990)
"Read My Lips (Enough Is Enough)" (1990)
"To Love Somebody" (1990)
"Smalltown Boy ('91 Remix)" (1991)
"Run from Love ('91 Remix)" with Claudia Brücken
"Coming" (1993)
"Gimme Shelter" with Voice of the Beehive (1993)
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"Hurt So Good" (1995)
"By Your Side" (1995)
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"It's So Good" (2004)
"Come On" (2004)
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough" (2004)
"You & Me" with Blue Ray (2007)
"I Believe in Love (Remix)" with Arthur Baker (2011)
Other songs
"Love to Love You Baby" (1985)
"Johnny Remember Me" (1985}
"Lover Man" (1986)
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" with Band Aid II (1989)
"From This Moment On" (1990)
"Someday We'll Be Together" (1995)
"But Not Tonight" (2004)
"I Was Born This Way" (2006)
"Tell Me Why" (2006)
Video albums
Bronski Beat
The First Chapter (1985)
The Communards
The Video Singles (1986)
Live at Full House Rock Show (2006)
The Video Collection 1984/1990 (1990)
Filmography
Ahí Te Quiero Ver (TV series) (1987)
Looking for Langston (1989)
Orlando (1992)
Lexx: "Girltown" (TV series) (2000)
Related articles
Gay icon
London Records
Bronski Beat discography
Richard Coles
Red Wedge
Stephen Hague
DJ Tonka
Here and Now Tour
"Land of Confusion"
Category
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Tom Jones
Studio albums
Along Came Jones (It's Not Unusual) (1965)
What's New Pussycat? (1965)
A-tom-ic Jones (1966)
From the Heart (1966)
Green, Green Grass of Home (1967)
Delilah (1968)
Help Yourself (1968)
Reload (1999)
Mr. Jones (2002)
Praise & Blame (2010)
Spirit in the Room (2012)
Long Lost Suitcase (2015)
Live albums
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert (2005)
Tom Jones Live in Las Vegas
Songs
"All You Need Is Love"
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
"Black Betty"
"Burning Down the House"
"Carrying a Torch"
"Darlin'"
"Daughter of Darkness"
"Delilah"
"Detroit City"
"Gimme Shelter"
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
"Help Yourself"
"I (Who Have Nothing)"
"Islands in the Stream"
"It's Four in the Morning"
"It's Not Unusual"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"Kiss"
"Lady Lay Down"
"Mama Told Me Not to Come"
"Move Closer"
"Say You'll Stay Until Tomorrow"
"Sex Bomb"
"Sixteen Tons"
"She's a Lady"
"Stoned in Love"
"Till"
"What's New Pussycat?"
"Without Love (There Is Nothing)"
"The Young New Mexican Puppeteer"
"Thunderball"
Related articles
Discography
This Is Tom Jones (1969–71 TV show)
Tom Jones (1980–81 TV show)
Tom Jones: The Right Time (1992 TV show)
The Wexford Carols
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Six (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Six
Genre
Drama
Action
Created by
William Broyles
David Broyles
Starring
Barry Sloane
Kyle Schmid
Juan Pablo Raba
Edwin Hodge
Brianne Davis
Nadine Velazquez
Dominic Adams
Walton Goggins
Composer(s)
Marco Beltrami
Dennis Smith
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
8 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Leslie Linka Glatter
Alfredo Barrios Jr.
Bruce C. McKenna
Harvey Weinstein
Bob Weinstein
David C. Glasser
Nicolas Chartier
Barry Jossen
William Broyles
David Broyles
George W. Perkins
Location(s)
Wilmington, North Carolina
Santa Clarita, California
British Columbia
Cinematography
David Klein
Armando Salas
Editor(s)
Philip Neel
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
44 minutes
Production company(s)
A+E Studios
Weinstein Company
Release
Original network
History
Original release
January 18, 2017 (2017-01-18) – present (present)
External links
Website
www.history.com/shows/six
Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by History with an eight-episode initial order.[1] The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter.[2] Six premiered on January 18, 2017.[3]
Six was renewed for a second season of 10 episodes on February 23, 2017, which will likely premiere in 2018.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Episodes
5.1 Season 1 (2017)
6 References
7 External links
Premise[edit]
The series chronicles the operations and daily lives of operators who are part of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU), more commonly known as SEAL Team Six, which is one of the U.S. Armed Forces' primary counter-terrorism units.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Barry Sloane as Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-8) Joe "Bear" Graves a.k.a Fox Delta 1/FD1 [5]
Kyle Schmid as Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-7) Alex Caulder a.k.a Fox Delta 2/FD2 [6]
Juan Pablo Raba as Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-7) Ricky "Buddha" Ortiz a.k.a Fox Delta 3/FD3 [7]
Edwin Hodge as Special Warfare Operator First Class (E-6) Robert Chase a.k.a Fox Delta 6/FD6 [8]
Brianne Davis as Lena Graves[9]
Nadine Velazquez as Jackie Ortiz[9]
Dominic Adams as Michael Nasry[10]
Walton Goggins as Former Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-8) Richard "Rip" Taggart[11]
Jaylen Moore as Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-7) Armin "Fishbait" Khan a.k.a Fox Delta 4/FD4
Eric Ladin as Special Warfare Operator First Class (E-6) Trevor (season 2)[12]
Olivia Munn as Gina, a high-level CIA Operations Officer (season 2)[13]
Recurring[edit]
Nondumiso Tembe as Na'omi Ajimuda
Lindsley Register as Dharma Caulder
Tyla Harris as Esther
Jarreth J. Merz as Emir Hatim Al-Muttaqi
Donny Boaz as Special Warfare Operator First Class (E-6) Beauregard "Buck" Buckley a.k.a Fox Delta 5/FD5 (season 1)
Rus Blackwell as Commander (O-5) Atkins
Zeeko Zaki as Akmal Barayev
Joshua Gage as Ricky Ortiz, Jr.
Jessica Garza as Anabel Ortiz
Britt Rentschler as Tammi Buckley
Angela Relucio as Lieutenant Junior Grade (O-2) Camille Fung
Production[edit]
Joe Manganiello was originally cast as Rip Taggart[14] but left the series in April 2016 "due to a 'manageable' preexisting health issue".[15] About a week after Manganiello's departure, Walton Goggins was cast as his replacement. All of the already done shoots with Manganiello's character, nearly two full episodes, had to be re-shot.[11] Also Christopher Backus had been cast, but left the project to be on the series Roadies before the series started shooting.[16]
Season two, which consists of 10 episodes,[17] is being produced by a new production company, Six 2 North Productions Inc. Kimberly Peirce and Colin Bucksey are directors, with George Perkins the executive producer. Season two began filming on July 17, 2017, in Metro Vancouver, around Pemberton,[18] and throughout British Columbia, and will complete filming on November 23, 2017.[19][20]
Reception[edit]
On review aggregator Metacritic, Six has a rating of 54 out of 100 based on 14 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[21] The show also has a 55% rating based on 11 reviews from review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, stating "Six's well-crafted action and engaging characters are intriguing in spite of the show's trite pretense and familiar narrative".[22]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2017)[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Pilot" Lesli Linka Glatter David Broyles & William Broyles January 18, 2017 (2017-01-18) 1.73[23]
While on a mission in Afghanistan in 2014, U.S. Navy SEAL troop leader Rip Taggart makes a questionable decision when he takes out a possible threat, working for the terrorist Muttaqi, who claims he's American. Two years later, Rip is disbanded from his team and is working as a private security contractor in Nigeria helping to protect an all girls school. While on assignment, Rip is captured by terrorist organization Boko Haram, prompting Rip's former squadmates within SEAL Team Six, including one new member, to locate and rescue him. It is revealed that the brother of the boy Rip killed is alive and active.
2
"Her Name Is Esther" Lesli Linka Glatter David Broyles January 25, 2017 (2017-01-25) 1.50[24]
While Rip sits in captivity resigned to his death at the hands of his captors, the rest of his old team engages a terrorist cell on a boat who has knowledge of his whereabouts. Bear and his wife visit a fertility clinic despite his reservations about the cost. Buddha is having troubles with his family.
3
"Tour of Duty" Kimberly Peirce Bruce C. McKenna February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01) 1.74[25]
The reasons behind Rip's departure from SEAL Team Six are revealed. In conjunction with executing the prisoner in Afghanistan, he was also known to be an alcoholic, straining his relationship with his then-wife. While his whereabouts were known to his old teammates through a videoclip that the Boko Haram have transmitted, Rip unsuccessfully tries to escape. Michael, the brother of the American killed by Rip who now works for Muttaqi, plots revenge against him by planning to pay the ransom that Boko Haram put on Rip's head and keeping him after.
4
"Man Down" Mikael Salomon Alfredo Barrios Jr. February 8, 2017 (2017-02-08) 1.55[26]
SEAL Team Six attempt to rescue Rip, as well as the kidnapped school girls and their teacher from the Boko Haram. However upon arrival in the camp, they discover the hostages gone, and the Boko Haram captors dead. They get themselves into a firefight with a group of soldiers left behind by Michael, who wounded SEAL operative Buckley.
5
"Collateral" Peter Werner Karen Campbell February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15) 1.60[27]
SEAL Team Six deal with the loss of their teammate Buckley, who had died from his wounds at the Boko Haram compound. Meanwhile, Michael relocates the prisoners to Chad, where Muttaqi has a recruitment center for anyone who wants to enlist in his terrorist organization. Rip is forced to admit his "war crimes" on live television, particularly the time when he killed Michael's brother.
6
"Confession" Clark Johnson William Broyles & Bruce C. McKenna February 22, 2017 (2017-02-22) 1.48[28]
SEAL Team Six deal with the fallout over Rip's confession video. They infiltrate the home of the sister of Michael's colleague, Akmal, who owns the jihad training center in Chad. Caulder's adultery is revealed while Bear's frustrations with his previous mission strains his marriage to Lena. Meanwhile, Michael's decision to capture Rip and kill his captors in the process comes to the attention of Muttaqi, who punishes him by honoring Rip's offer of exchanging him and the school girls for 20 of his imprisoned colleagues and giving Michael to Boko Haram to execute him.
7
"Blood Brothers" Mikael Salomon David Broyles & Bruce C. McKenna March 1, 2017 (2017-03-01) 1.35[29]
SEAL Team Six learns of the training facility's location in Chad and performs a reconnaissance mission to identify present targets and locate Rip and the hostages. Meanwhile, Rip and Michael form an uneasy alliance to create a power struggle within Muttaqi's organization, barely persuading Akmal in turning on his leader.
8
"End Game" Alex Graves David Broyles & Alfredo Barrios Jr. March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08) 1.59[30]
During the assault on the training facility, Rip kills Muttaqi before attempting an escape with the hostages. Michael assumes leadership of the group and attempts to recapture the prisoners. SEAL Team Six intervenes and successfully rescues the hostages while Michael recaptures Rip. A team composed of Caulder, Chase, and Ortiz corners Michael and Rip, taking Michael into custody. During the aftermath of the rescue, a withdrawn Rip attempts to disappear, only to be shot repeatedly by one of Michael's recent recruits.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (January 6, 2016). "History Orders Navy SEAL Drama Series 'Six' – TCA". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 21, 2016). "Lesli Linka Glatter To Direct History's Military Drama 'Six'". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (October 25, 2016). "'Six': History's Military Drama Gets 2017 Premiere Date". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (February 23, 2017). "History's Military Drama 'Six' Renewed for Season Two". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 3, 2016). "Barry Sloane To Star In History's Military Drama Series 'Six'". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 11, 2016). "'Six': Kyle Schmid To Co-Star In History's Military Drama Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 8, 2016). "'Six': Juan Pablo Raba Cast In History's Navy SEAL Drama". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 3, 2016). "Edwin Hodge Joins History's Military Drama Series 'Six'". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Petski, Denise (February 22, 2016). "Nadine Velazquez & Brianne Davis Join History's Military Drama Series 'Six'". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 25, 2016). "'Six': Dominic Adams Lands Lead In History's Military Drama Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (April 18, 2016). "Walton Goggins Replaces Joe Manganiello In 'Six'; Production Set To Restart". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (June 27, 2017). "'Six': Eric Ladin Joins Season 2 Of History's Navy SEAL Drama As New Regular". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 11, 2017). "'Six': Olivia Munn Joins Season 2 Of History's Navy SEAL Drama". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 17, 2016). "Joe Manganiello To Co-Star In History's Military Drama Series 'Six'". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (April 14, 2016). "Joe Manganiello Leaves 'SIX' for Health Reasons — History's Navy Seal Series". TVLine. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (March 17, 2016). "'Roadies': Rainn Wilson & Christopher Backus Join Crowe Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt Webb (February 23, 2017). "SIX Renewed for a Beefier Season 2". TVLine. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Notice of filming: Duffey Lake Road/Hwy 99 and Lillooet Forest Service Road (Upper Pemberton Meadows): July 17 - 19, 2017". Squamish-Lillooet Regional District. July 13, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "In Prodution". Creative BC. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Takeuchi, Craig (June 5, 2017). "Filming in Vancouver: Miranda Sings, Riverdale, Janelle Monáe, Steve Carrell, and more". Inside Vancouver. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Critic Reviews for Six Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SIX: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (January 19, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals and Network Finals: 1.18.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (January 26, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.25.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 2, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.1.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 9, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.8.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 16, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.15.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 23, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.22.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 2, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.1.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 9, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Wednesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.8.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
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Personal water craft
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A Honda Aquatrax in a museum in Japan
A personal watercraft (PWC), also called water scooter, jetski, and comically a boatercycle, is a recreational watercraft that the rider sits or stands on, rather than inside of, as in a boat. PWCs have two style categories, first and most popular being a "sit down" or "couch" where the rider uses the watercraft mainly sitting down, and the watercraft typically holds two or more people. The second style is a "stand-up", where the rider uses the watercraft standing up. The stand-up styles are built for one rider and are used more for doing tricks, racing, and use in competitions. Both styles have an inboard engine driving a pump-jet that has a screw-shaped impeller to create thrust for propulsion and steering. Most are designed for two or three people, though four-passenger models exist.
Personal watercraft are often referred by the trademarked brand names Jet Ski (referring to personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki), WaveRunner, or Sea-Doo.
The United States Coast Guard defines a personal watercraft, amongst other criteria, as a jet-drive boat, less than 13 feet (4 m) in length, in order to exclude from that definition more conventional-sized jet-boats.[1] There is a wide variety of "jetboats" many of which exceed 30–40 feet (9–12 m) in length.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Sports
3 Non-recreational uses
4 Emissions
5 Hazards
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Vincent Amanda at the London Motorcycle Museum
The first stand-up prototype
Water scooters - as they were originally termed - were first developed in the United Kingdom and Europe in the mid-1950s, with models such as the British 200cc propellor-driven Vincent Amanda, and the German Wave Roller.[2][3] Two thousand Vincent Amandas were exported to Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States.[4] In the 1960s, the idea was developed further by Clayton Jacobson II of Byron Bay, Australia. Originally a motocross enthusiast,[5][6][7] Jacobson's idea was designed in the mid-1960s, powered by an internal pump-jet rather than an outboard motor,[7] made of all aluminum, and had a fixed, upright handle. Jacobson eventually quit his job in banking to devote himself to developing the idea, and had a working prototype by 1965. It differed slightly from modern personal watercraft but had definite similarities. He completed a second prototype a year later made of fiberglass.[8] The first Clayton-type PWC to reach the market was designed by Bombardier in the late 1960s.[9] Bombardier's original designs were not very popular and Bombardier left the business before 1970.
Stand-up PWCs were first produced by the Japanese company Kawasaki (under the Jet Ski brand) in 1972,[10] and appeared on the US market in 1973. These were mass-produced boats to be used by only one rider. While they are still produced today, the more popular design, is the sit down variety of PWC. These sit down runabouts have been produced by Kawasaki (Jetski), Bombardier (Sea-Doo), Yamaha (WaveRunner), Honda (AquaTrax), Polaris (Sealion) and Arctic Cat (Tigershark). As of 2010, the major manufacturers of PWCs were Kawasaki, Bombardier and Yamaha. Both Yamaha and Kawasaki continue to sell stand-up models but it is a small percentage of the overall market.
Sports[edit]
Stand-up PWC racing scene. (Tyson Collins pictured)
P1 AquaX is considered the best personal watercraft racing series in the world, due to its high level of competition. The Series is based on strength and skill, so only the best make it through the ranks and to the top.
The first series was launched in the UK, in May 2011 by London-based sports promoter Powerboat P1. The series grew quickly by attracting a mix of new and current racers to a new type of racing and in 2013, P1 rolled out a second series in the USA. Such was the uptake that the original format needed revising to cope with the influx of new riders and by the end of 2015 over 400 riders from 11 countries had registered to compete in an AquaX event.
The Series continues to expand quickly around the world.
Non-recreational uses[edit]
PWC with rescue platform.
Training preparedness Rescue Water Craft
PWC used by the Italian police in Venice
PWCs are small, fast, easily handled, fairly easy to use, affordable, and their propulsion systems do not have external propellers, making them safer for swimmers and wildlife. For these reasons, they are preferred for non-recreational use over small motorboats.
PWC's are used for Jet Ski fishing or PWC fishing and is the fastest growing segments in the industry. They are fast, safe and economical and are being chosen over traditional boats.
Lifeguards use PWCs equipped with rescue platforms to rescue water users who get into difficulties and carry them back to shore. Rescuers use PWCs to pick up flood survivors.
PWCs are used for law enforcement. Due to their speed and excellent maneuverability, police and rangers use them to enforce laws in coastal waters, lakes and rivers.[citation needed]
A PWC combined with a wash-reduction system, carrying waterproof loudspeaker equipment and GPS for instructions and distance measurement, has purportedly[citation needed] been used by assistant coaches for rowing sports on the River Tyne.
PWCs are used by the U.S. Navy as surface targets.[citation needed] Equipped with GPS, electronic compass, radar reflector, and a radio modem, the PWC is fully remotable with a two-way link. Its small shipboard footprint allows it to be stored and deployed from the smallest of vessels, and it has been used for target practice for everything from 5" to small arms.[citation needed]
Emissions[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Further information: Non-road engine § Emission standards
Some personal watercraft carry as many as four passengers, contain up to 300 horsepower (220 kW) engines, reach speeds of up to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h), carry 25 US gallons (95 l) of fuel, and feature amenities such as sun pads and extra padded cruising seats.
The American PWC industry reached an agreement with the United States Coast Guard in 1999 (see fall, 1999 BSAC Minutes), agreeing to limit the speed of a PWC to 65 mph in a specified test protocol.
Before 1991, PWC emissions were unregulated in the United States. Many were powered by two-stroke cycle engines, which are smaller and lighter than four-stroke cycle engines but more polluting. Simple two-stroke engines are lubricated on a "total loss" method, mixing lubricating oil with their fuel; they are estimated to create exhaust in excess of 25% of their fuel and oil unburned in addition to the products of incomplete and complete combustion.
The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act allowed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to begin regulating all recreational marine engines including PWC, as well as other off-road internal combustion engines. The agency began a dialogue with manufacturers in 1991, resulting in regulations that were enacted in 1996. These regulations, set to phase in between 1998 and 2006, are considered averaging standards, because they allow manufacturers to offset more-polluting engines in their product range by offering other engines that exceed the standard. California and subsequently New York have, in turn, adopted more stringent regulations than the federal standard. Subsequent to 2004 when the maximum emission reductions required by California became effective, the substantial majority of new PWC units sold throughout the United States have met the lower emissions standards established by California.
Even the largest PWC, the Sea-Doo LRV, can be easily loaded onto a trailer and transported from one body of water to another.
To meet these regulations, manufacturers have adopted a variety of improvements, including increased use of four-stroke engines, the use of direct injection for two-strokes, and the use of catalytic converters and other pollution-curbing measures that overall have reduced emissions by approximately 75% compared to pre-regulation models.
In some areas, such as Lake Tahoe, outboard motors and PWCs are permitted if they meet the 2006 EPA or California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2001 regulations. Some pre-2006 model year PWCs meet this EPA standard, including all four-stroke makes and models and all two-stroke cycle direct-injection (non-carbureted) models. [11]

Environmental groups such as the Surfrider Foundation and the Bluewater Network claim that more rapid progress could be made, and that the diminishing numbers of pre-1998 watercraft in use continue to emit substantial pollution.
Against this, industry groups such as the Personal Watercraft Industry Association point out that environmental groups continue to cite pollution levels of pre-regulation watercraft and ignore the improvements made to newer models; and furthermore, that personal watercraft are unfairly singled out when they are no more polluting than other powered boats.
Hazards[edit]
Main article: PWC-related accidents
PWC warning label indicating risk of body cavity injuries
Apart from the obvious hazards of collisions and mechanical breakdowns common to all vehicles, operating or riding a PWC can involve a risk of orifice injuries.[12][13][14] These injuries are typical of the kinds of injuries that waterskiers experience as a result of falling into the water at speed.[15] Such injuries can occur from simply falling in the water at speed or they can occur from the output end of the pump jet. A rider who falls (or is ejected) off the back can land directly in the path of the PWC's high-pressure jet of water. Unless a rider is appropriately dressed in garments made out of a strong, thick substance like neoprene (as is commonly found in wetsuits), the jet may penetrate any orifice it reaches. All major PWC manufacturers warn about this risk and recommend that passengers wear wet suit bottoms or equivalent protection. The American Waterski Racing Association recommends that all of their racers wear wet suit bottoms for this same reason.
Such orifice injuries can result in permanent disability or death.[16][17] For example, in 2006, the California Court of Appeal for the First Appellate District upheld a $3.7 million Napa County jury verdict against Polaris Industries arising out of one such incident (which had devastating effects on the victim's lower abdomen).[18] It is also possible for multiple riders on the same PWC to sustain orifice injuries in a single accident, as actually occurred in a 2007 accident at Mission Bay which resulted in a San Diego County jury verdict affirmed in full on appeal in 2014.[19]
While also rare, spinal injuries can occur while surf jumping and, potentially, wake jumping.[20] The PWC manufacturers owner's manuals all include warnings regarding jumping at excessive heights, or operating a PWC if there is a prior history of back injury. The current on-product labels say "Jumping wakes or waves can increase the risk of spinal/backbone injuries (paralysis)".[21] The current Kawasaki owner's manual provides: "Slow down before crossing waves. Do not ride if you have a back condition. High speed operation in choppy or rough water may cause back injuries."[22]
Another rare, but unique injury risk with jetboats, is being sucked into the intake side of the pump jet. Current PWC products contain on-product warnings that state: "Keep away from Intake Grate while the engine is on. Items such as long hair, loose clothing, or PFD straps can become entangled in moving parts and result in severe injury or drowning".[23]
There have been fatal accidents involving PWCs. In a notable case, U.S. astronaut Alan G. Poindexter died in 2012 from injuries sustained in a Jet Ski accident in Florida.[24]
See also[edit]
Aqua scooter (of historical interest)
Flyboard
Wetbike
Yamaha Superjet
Yamaha Wave Blaster
References[edit]
Jump up ^ US Coast Guard "Annual Boating Statistics, 2006". uscgboating.org Archived 2009-09-02 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ archive.wmlnj.org/var/www/TheWestfieldLeader/1956/1956-10-04/pg_0018.pdf.
Jump up ^ books.google.com/books?id=iSUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98.
Jump up ^ www.voc.uk.com/net/docs/17/17-553-14.pdf Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ Sampsell, Michael M.; et al. (2002). Boat Accident Reconstruction and Litigation. Lawyers & Judges Publishing. pp. 63–4. ISBN 0-913875-79-1.
Jump up ^ "Personal Watercraft". Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
^ Jump up to: a b Action, Johnny; Adams, Tania; Packer, Matt (2006). Origin of Everyday Things. Sterling Publishing. p. 124. ISBN 1-4027-4302-5.
Jump up ^ "Jet Ski Evolution". boats.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
Jump up ^ "How Sea-Doo Launched the Personal Watercraft Industry". Retrieved 2014-12-11.
Jump up ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/world/gallery/japanese-inventions-changed-how-we-live/index.html
Jump up ^ Lake Tahoe Watercraft
Jump up ^ http://www.legalshowtime.com/video/345/Dangerous-Sports-The-Personal-Watercraft-Industry
Jump up ^ Jim Stingl, "Have fun on your watercraft, butt beware," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 28 June 2000, 1.
Jump up ^ Roy Scott Hickman and Michael M. Sampsel, Boat Accident Reconstruction and Litigation (Tucson: Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, 2003), 78.
Jump up ^ See Romano RL. Burgess EM. Medical Implications of Water-skiing, Clin Orthop, 22: 140-145 (1962).; David Pfanner, Salpingitis and Water Skiing FRCS The Medical Journal of Australia, 2/1964.; Moore A. T.: Water-skiing in Symposium on Injury in sport. Edited by Armstrong JR, Tucker WE; London Staples, 1964; McCarthy GF. Hazards of water-skiing. Med J Aust. 1969; 1:481;David C. Morton, Gynecological Complications of Water Skiing M.R.C.O.G. Gosford District Hospital, New South Wales Medical Journal of Australia, June 20, 1970. The first waterski reports of this kind of injury appeared in the early 1960s and continue today. Prior to that time there were no reported injuries of this type. Similar reports of this kind of injury have occurred at water slide parks and other similar facilities. Once again, the occurrence rate for this kind of injury appears to be very low.
Jump up ^ Bernard Descottes, Fouzi Lachachi, Issifou Moumouni, Sylvaine Durand-Fontanier, and Ramy Geballa, "Case Report: Rectal Injury Caused by Personal Watercraft Accident," Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 46, no. 7 (June 2003): 971-972. The 16-year-old patient described in this case report was deceased. The autopsy revealed that the primary cause of death was toxic shock syndrome caused by the rectal tear.
Jump up ^ David P. Parsons, Harry A. Kahn, John T. Isler and Richard P. Billingham, "Case Report: Rectal Injury Caused by Personal Watercraft Accident," Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 42, no. 7 (July 1999): 959-960. The patient described in this case report survived.
Jump up ^ Ford v. Polaris Industries, Inc., 139 Cal. App. 4th 755, 43 Cal. Rptr. 3d 215 (2006). The plaintiff survived due to the heroic efforts of UC Davis Medical Center personnel (the court noted that she required "massive resuscitation") but was permanently disabled by her injuries; for example, she has no bowel control.
Jump up ^ Colombo v. BRP US Inc., 230 Cal. App. 4th 1442; 179 Cal. Rptr. 3d 580 (2014). As the appellate court explained in its opinion, this case was delayed after the PWC owner initiated a proceeding in federal court under the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851.
Jump up ^ Am Surg. 2002 Jul;68(7):624-7.Pattern of injury from personal watercraft. Haan JM, Kramer ME, Scalea TM; J Trauma. 2004 Dec;57(6):1308-10.Thoracolumbar fractures associated with the use of personal watercraft.Carmel A, Drescher MJ, Leitner Y, Gepstein R.
Jump up ^ 2001 Joint USCG/Industry Label Project, Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2001, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp71-81; Labeling for Personal Watercraft.
Jump up ^ JT1100-G1 Owner's Manual, page 53-54
Jump up ^ 2001 Joint USCG/Industry Label Project, Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2001, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp71-81; Labeling for Personal Watercraft
Jump up ^ [1]
External links[edit]
Personal water craft at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Personal watercraft.
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