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O Brother, Where Art Thou?
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For the film soundtrack, see O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack). For the unrelated Simpsons episodes, see Oh Brother, Where Art Thou? and O Brother, Where Bart Thou?
O Brother, Where Art Thou?
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Joel Coen
Produced by
Ethan Coen
Written by
Ethan Coen
Joel Coen
Based on
The Odyssey
by Homer
Starring
George Clooney
John Turturro
Tim Blake Nelson
Charles Durning
Michael Badalucco
John Goodman
Holly Hunter
Music by
T Bone Burnett
Cinematography
Roger Deakins
Edited by
Roderick Jaynes
Tricia Cooke
Production
company
Working Title Films[1]
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution[1]
Release date
October 19, 2000 (2000-10-19)
Running time
107 minutes
Country
United Kingdom[1]
United States[1]
France[1]
Language
English
Budget
$26 million[2]
Box office
$72 million[3]
O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a 2000 crime comedy film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, and starring George Clooney, John Turturro, and Tim Blake Nelson, with John Goodman, Holly Hunter, and Charles Durning in supporting roles.
Set in 1937 rural Mississippi[4] during the Great Depression, the film's story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer's epic poem, Odyssey. The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 film Sullivan's Travels, in which the protagonist (a director) wants to film O Brother, Where Art Thou?, a fictional book about the Great Depression.[5]
Much of the music used in the film is period folk music,[6] including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley.[7] The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction, to give the film an autumnal, sepia-tinted look.[8] The film received positive reviews, and the soundtrack, O Brother, Where Art Thou?, using American folk music, won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2001.[9] The original band soon became popular after the film release and the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film, such as John Hartford, Alison Krauss, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Chris Sharp, and others, joined together to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
5 Release
5.1 Critical reception
5.2 Accolades
6 Soggy Bottom Boys
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Three convicts, Ulysses Everett McGill, Pete Hogwallop, and Delmar O'Donnell, escape from a chain gang and set out to retrieve a supposed treasure Everett buried before the area is flooded to make a lake. The three get a lift from a blind man driving a handcar on a railway. He tells them, among other prophecies, that they will find a fortune but not the one they seek. The trio make their way to the house of Wash, Pete's cousin. They sleep in the barn, but Wash reports them to Sheriff Cooley, who, along with his men, torches the barn. Wash's son helps them escape.
They pick up Tommy Johnson, a young black man, who claims he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for the ability to play guitar. In need of money, the four stop at a radio broadcast tower where they record a song as The Soggy Bottom Boys. That night, the trio part ways with Tommy after their car is discovered by the police. Unbeknownst to them, the recording becomes a major hit.
Near a river, the group hears singing. They see three women washing clothes and singing. The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness. Upon waking, Delmar finds Pete's clothes lying next to him, empty except for a toad. Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad. Later, one-eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch, then mugs them and kills the toad.
Everett and Delmar arrive in Everett's home town. Everett confronts his wife Penny, who changed her last name and told his daughters he was dead. He gets into a fight with Vernon T. Waldrip, her new "suitor." They later see Pete working on a chain gang. Later that night, they sneak into Pete's holding cell and free him. As it turns out, the women had dragged Pete away and turned him in to the authorities. Under torture, Pete gave away the treasure's location to the police. Everett then confesses that there is no treasure. He made it up to convince the guys he was chained with to escape with him in order to stop his wife from getting married. Pete is enraged at Everett, because he had two weeks left on his original sentence, and must serve fifty more years for the escape.
The trio stumble upon a Ku Klux Klan rally, who are planning to hang Tommy. The trio disguise themselves as Klansmen and attempt to rescue Tommy. However, Big Dan, a Klan member, reveals their identities. Chaos ensues, and the Grand Wizard reveals himself as Homer Stokes, a candidate in the upcoming gubernatorial election. The trio rush Tommy away and cut the supports of a large burning cross, leaving it to fall on Big Dan.
Everett convinces Pete, Delmar and Tommy to help him win his wife back. They sneak into a Stokes campaign gala dinner she is attending, disguised as musicians. The group begins a performance of their radio hit. The crowd recognizes the song and goes wild. Homer recognizes them as the group who humiliated his mob. When he demands the group be arrested and reveals his white supremacist views, the crowd runs him out of town on a rail. Pappy O'Daniel, the incumbent candidate, seizes the opportunity, endorses the Soggy Bottom Boys and grants them full pardons. Penny agrees to marry Everett with the condition that he find her original ring.
The next morning, the group sets out to retrieve the ring, which is at a cabin in the valley, which Everett earlier claimed was the location of his treasure. The police, having learned of the place from Pete, arrest the group. Dismissing their claims of receiving pardons, Sheriff Cooley orders them hanged. Just as Everett prays to God, the valley is flooded and they are saved. Tommy finds the ring in a desk that floats by, and they return to town. However, when Everett presents the ring to Penny, it turns out it wasn't her ring, and she doesn't even remember where she put it.
Cast[edit]
George Clooney as Ulysses Everett McGill, a man who is imprisoned for practicing law without a license. He claims to have escaped from prison so he can find a stash of money he had hidden, though in reality it is so he can get back to his family before his wife remarries. He corresponds to Odysseus (Ulysses) in the Odyssey.[10]
John Turturro, as Pete Hogwallop, a fellow criminal who reveals little about his past. He believes in being true to one's kin, even when his cousin Washington B. Hogwallop betrays him. He dreams of moving out west and opening a fine restaurant, where he will be the maître d'. He agreed to go along with the breakout, though he only had two weeks left on his sentence.
Tim Blake Nelson as Delmar O'Donnell, a small-time crook imprisoned for robbing a Piggly Wiggly in Yazoo City; he initially claims innocence but later admits he is guilty. Delmar says he will spend his share of Everett's nonexistent money buying back his family farm, believing, "You ain't no kind of man if you ain't got land."
Chris Thomas King as Tommy Johnson, a skilled blues musician. He is the accompanying guitarist in the Soggy Bottom Boys. He claims he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for his skill on the guitar. He shares his name and story with Tommy Johnson, a blues musician with a mysterious past, who is said to have sold his soul to the devil at the Crossroads (a story more often attributed to Robert Johnson).[11][12]
Frank Collison as Washington B. "Wash" Hogwallop, Pete's paternal cousin. He removes the escapees' chains but later betrays the men to the police.
John Goodman as Daniel "Big Dan" Teague, a one-eyed man who masquerades as a Bible salesman and mugs Everett and Delmar. He later reveals the identity of the trio when they are disguised at a Ku Klux Klan rally, but they kill him by cutting loose a burning cross, which falls on him and the Klansmen. He corresponds to the cyclops Polyphemus in the Odyssey.[10]
Holly Hunter as Penny, Everett's ex-wife, who is fed up with Everett's wheeling and dealing. She divorces him while he is in prison, telling their children he was hit by a Louisville & Nashville train. She is engaged to Vernon T. Waldrip until Everett wins her back. She corresponds to Penelope in the Odyssey.[10] (Penelope is an icon of the faithful wife, as she rejected her many suitors, stalling for time while awaiting Odysseus' return.)
Charles Durning as Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, the incumbent Governor of Mississippi. He is frequently seen berating his son and his campaign managers, who are depicted as simpletons. The character is based on Texas governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel.[13] (Flensted-Jensen elaborates on the connection between the fictional and the real Pappy O'Daniel.)[10] He corresponds to Menelaus in the Odyssey.
Daniel von Bargen as Sheriff Cooley, a ruthless rural sheriff who, with his bloodhound, pursues the trio for the duration of the film. It is implied several times that he is the devil incarnate, and Cooley fits Tommy Johnson's description of Satan: Cooley's sunglasses evoke Satan's "big empty eyes." He eventually ambushes the escapees after they have been pardoned by the governor. He intends to hang them nonetheless, but when the valley is flooded, he, his men, and his dog all drown. He corresponds to Poseidon in the Odyssey.[10] He has been compared to Boss Godfrey in Cool Hand Luke.[14]
Wayne Duvall as Homer Stokes, the reform candidate in the upcoming election for Governor. He travels the countryside with a dwarf, who depicts the "little man", and a broom, with which he promises to "sweep this state clean". He is secretly an Imperial Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan. He falsely identifies Everett, Pete, and Delmar as people of color because they are dirty.
Ray McKinnon as Vernon T. Waldrip, Penny's bona fide suitor and the manager of Homer Stokes's election campaign. It has been suggested that his name is a nod to novelist Howard Waldrop, whose novella A Dozen Tough Jobs is one of the inspirations for the film.[15] He corresponds to the Suitors of Penelope in the Odyssey.[10]
Michael Badalucco as George Nelson, a bipolar bank robber who dislikes being called "Baby Face". The real George Nelson died in 1934, three years before the story is set. Nelson died in a shootout known as the Battle of Barrington rather than by electric chair, as suggested in the film.
Stephen Root as Mr. Lund, the blind radio station manager who records Everett's story in the song "Man of Constant Sorrow" and makes him known throughout the state. He corresponds to Homer.[10]
Lee Weaver as the Blind Seer, a mysterious railroad man who accurately predicts the outcome of the trio's adventure as well as several other incidents. He corresponds to Tiresias in the Odyssey.[10]
Production[edit]
The idea of O Brother, Where Art Thou? arose spontaneously. Work on the script began long before the start of production in December 1997 and was at least half-written by May 1998. Despite the fact that Ethan described the Odyssey as "one of my favorite storyline schemes", neither of the brothers had read the epic and were only familiar with its content through adaptations and numerous references to the Odyssey in popular culture.[16] According to the brothers, Nelson (who has a degree in classics from Brown University)[17][18] was the only person on the set who had read the Odyssey.[19]
The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 Preston Sturges film Sullivan's Travels, in which the protagonist (a director) wants to direct a film about the Great Depression called O Brother, Where Art Thou?[5] that will be a "commentary on modern conditions, stark realism, and the problems that confront the average man". Lacking any experience in this area, the director sets out on a journey to experience the human suffering of the average man but is sabotaged by his anxious studio. The film has some similarity in tone to Sturges's film, including scenes with prison gangs and a black church choir. The prisoners at the picture show scene is also a direct homage to a nearly identical scene in Sturges's film.[20]
Joel Coen revealed in a 2000 interview that he came to Phoenix, Arizona, to offer the lead role to Clooney. Clooney agreed to do the role immediately, without reading the script. He stated that he liked even the Coens' least successful films.[21] Clooney did not immediately understand his character and sent the script to his uncle Jack who lived in Kentucky and asked him to read the entire script into a tape recorder.[22] Unknown to Clooney, in his recording, Jack, a devout Baptist, omitted all instances of the words "damn" and "hell" from the Coens' script, which only became known to Clooney after the directors pointed this out to him in the middle of shooting.[22]
This was the fourth film of the brothers in which John Turturro has starred. Other actors in O Brother, Where Art Thou? who had worked previously with the Coens include John Goodman (three films), Holly Hunter (two), Michael Badalucco and Charles Durning (one film each).
The Coens used digital color correction to give the film a sepia-tinted look.[8] Joel stated this was because the actual set was "greener than Ireland." [22] Cinematographer Roger Deakins stated, "Ethan and Joel favored a dry, dusty Delta look with golden sunsets. They wanted it to look like an old hand-tinted picture, with the intensity of colors dictated by the scene and natural skin tones that were all shades of the rainbow."[23] Initially the crew tried to perform the color correction using a physical process, however after several tries with various chemical processes proved unsatisfactory, it became necessary to perform the process digitally.[22]
This was the fifth film collaboration between the Coen Brothers and Deakins, and it was slated to be shot in Mississippi at a time of year when the foliage, grass, trees, and bushes would be a lush green.[23] It was filmed near locations in Canton, Mississippi and Florence, South Carolina in the summer of 1999.[24] After shooting tests, including film bipack and bleach bypass techniques, Deakins suggested digital mastering be used.[23] Deakins subsequently spent 11 weeks fine-tuning the look, mainly targeting the greens, making them a burnt yellow and desaturating the overall image in the digital files.[8] This made it the first feature film to be entirely color corrected by digital means, narrowly beating Nick Park's Chicken Run.[8]
O Brother, Where Art Thou? was the first time a digital intermediate was used on the entirety of a first-run Hollywood film that otherwise had very few visual effects. The work was done in Los Angeles by Cinesite using a Spirit DataCine for scanning at 2K resolution, a Pandora MegaDef to adjust the color, and a Kodak Lightning II recorder to put out to film.[25]
A major theme of the film is the connection between old-time music and political campaigning in the Southern U.S. It makes reference to the traditions, institutions, and campaign practices of bossism and political reform that defined Southern politics in the first half of the 20th century.
The Ku Klux Klan, at the time a political force of white populism, is depicted burning crosses and engaging in ceremonial dance. The character Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, the governor of Mississippi and host of the radio show The Flour Hour, is similar in name and demeanor to W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel,[26] one-time Governor of Texas and later U.S. Senator from that state.[27] W. Lee O'Daniel was in the flour business, and used a backing band called the Light Crust Doughboys on his radio show.[28] In one campaign, W. Lee O'Daniel carried a broom,[29] an oft-used campaign device in the reform era, promising to sweep away patronage and corruption.[29] His theme song had the hook, "Please pass the biscuits, Pappy", emphasizing his connection with flour.[28]
While the film borrows from real-life politics, differences are obvious between the characters in the film and historical political figures. The O'Daniel of the movie used "You Are My Sunshine" as his theme song (which was originally recorded by real-life Governor of Louisiana James Houston "Jimmie" Davis[30]) and Homer Stokes, as the challenger to the incumbent O'Daniel, portrays himself as the "reform candidate", using a broom as a prop.
Music[edit]
See also: O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) and Down from the Mountain
Music in the film was originally conceived as a major component of the film, not merely as a background or a support. Producer and musician T-Bone Burnett worked with the Coens while the script was still in its working phases, and the soundtrack was recorded before filming commenced.[31]
Much of the music used in the film is period-specific folk music,[6] including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley.[7] The musical selection also includes religious music, including Primitive Baptist and traditional African American gospel, most notably the Fairfield Four, an a cappella quartet with a career extending back to 1921 who appear in the soundtrack and as gravediggers towards the film's end. Selected songs in the film reflect the possible spectrum of musical styles typical of the old culture of the American South: gospel, delta blues, country, swing and bluegrass.[32][33]
The use of dirges and other macabre songs is a theme that often recurs in Appalachian music[34] ("O Death", "Lonesome Valley", "Angel Band", "I Am Weary") in contrast to bright, cheerful songs ("Keep On the Sunny Side", "In the Highways") in other parts of the film.
The voices of the Soggy Bottom Boys were provided by Dan Tyminski (lead vocal on "Man of Constant Sorrow"), Nashville songwriter Harley Allen, and the Nashville Bluegrass Band's Pat Enright.[35] The three won a CMA Award for Single of the Year[35] and a Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, both for the song "Man of Constant Sorrow".[9] Tim Blake Nelson sang the lead vocal on "In the Jailhouse Now".[5]
"Man of Constant Sorrow" has five variations: two are used in the film, one in the music video, and two in the soundtrack album. Two of the variations feature the verses being sung back-to-back, and the other three variations feature additional music between each verse.[36] Though the song received little significant radio airplay,[37] it reached #35 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 2002.[38] The version of "I'll Fly Away" heard in the film is performed not by Krauss and Welch (as it is on the CD and concert tour), but by the Kossoy Sisters with Erik Darling accompanying on long-neck five-string banjo, recorded in 1956 for the album Bowling Green on Tradition Records.[39]
Release[edit]
The film premiered at the AFI Film Festival on October 19, 2000.[1] It grossed $71,868,327 worldwide[3] off its $26 million budget.[2]
Critical reception[edit]
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives it a score of 77% based on 147 reviews and an average score of 7.1/10. The consensus reads: "Though not as good as Coen brothers' classics such as Blood Simple, the delightfully loopy O Brother, Where Art Thou? is still a lot of fun."[40] The film holds an average score of 69/100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews.[41]
Roger Ebert gave two and a half out of four stars to the film, saying all the scenes in the film were "wonderful in their different ways, and yet I left the movie uncertain and unsatisfied".[42]
Accolades[edit]
The film was selected into the main competition of the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.[43]
The film also received two Academy Award nominations at the 73rd Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Cinematography. Cinematographer Roger Deakins was recognized with both Academy Award and ASC Outstanding Achievement Award nominations for his work on the film.[23]
For his portrayal of Ulysses Everett McGill, George Clooney received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The film was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Soggy Bottom Boys[edit]
The Soggy Bottom Boys, the musical group that the main characters form, serve as accompaniment for the film. The name is an homage to the Foggy Mountain Boys, a bluegrass band led by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs.[44] In the film, the songs credited to the band are lip-synched by the actors, except that Tim Blake Nelson does sing his own vocals on "In the Jailhouse Now." The actual musicians are Dan Tyminski (guitar and lead vocals), Harley Allen, and Pat Enright.[45][46] The band's hit single is Dick Burnett's "Man of Constant Sorrow," a song that had already enjoyed much success in real life.[47] After the film's release, the fictitious band became so popular that the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film, such as Ralph Stanley, John Hartford, Alison Krauss, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Chris Sharp, and others, all got together and performed the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD.[6]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "O Brother, Where Art Thou?". American Film Institute. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Box Office Data:O Brother Where Art Thou". The Numbers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ Richard J. Gray, Owen Robinson. A companion to the literature and culture of the American south. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-631-22404-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lafrance, J.D. (April 5, 2004). "The Coen Brothers FAQ" (PDF). pp. 33–35. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Menaker, Daniel (November 30, 2000). "A Film Score Odyssey Down a Quirky Country Road". The New York Times. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "NPR: Pioneering Bluegrass Musician Ralph Stanley". National Public Radio. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Robertson, Barbara (May 1, 2006). "CGSociety — The Colorists". The Colorists. The CGSociety. p. 3. Retrieved October 24, 2007. Filmed near locations in Canton, MS; Florence, SC; and Wardville, LA.
^ Jump up to: a b "2001 Grammy Awards — Infoplease.com". 2001 Grammy Award Winners. Infoplease.com. February 27, 2000. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Flensted-Jensen, Pernille (2002), "Something old, something new, something borrowed: the Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou", Classica Et Mediaevalia: Revue Danoise De Philologie, 53: 13–30
Jump up ^ "The real king of delta blues - Tommy Johnson". Erinharpe.com. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Blues Singers". University of Virginia. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Sorin, Hillary (August 4, 2010), "Today in Texas History: Gov. Pappy O'Daniel resigns", The Houston Chronicle, retrieved August 2, 2011, Many cultural and political historians think the character Gov. Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel of Mississippi is based on the notorious Texas politician, Wilbert Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel.
Jump up ^ Conard, Mark T. The Philosophy of the Coen Brothers (2009)
Jump up ^ Datlow, Ellen; Howard Waldrop (2003). "Howard Waldrop Interviewed". Readercon 15. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
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Jump up ^ Romney, Jonathan (May 18, 2000). "Double Vision". The Guardin. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sullivan's Travels (1941)". Retrieved November 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hochman, Steve. "George Clooney: O Brother, Where Art Thou?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Sharf, Zach. "The Coen Brothers and George Clooney Uncover the Magic of 'O Brother, Where Art Thou?' at 15th Anniversary Reunion". Indiewire. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Allen, Robert. "Digital Domain". The Digital Domain: A brief history of digital film mastering — a glance at the future. Retrieved May 14, 2007.
Jump up ^ "O Brother, Where Art Thou: Box office / business". IMDb. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Bob (October 2000). "Escaping from chains". American Cinematographer.
Jump up ^ Crawford, Bill (2004). Please Pass the Biscuits, Pappy: Pictures of Governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel. University of Texas Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-292-70575-3.
Jump up ^ "Pappy O'Daniel". Texas Treasures. Texas State Library. March 11, 2003. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Walker, Jesse (August 19, 2003). "Pass the Biscuits – We're living in Pappy O'Daniel's world". Reason. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Boulard, Garry (February 5, 2002). "Following the Leaders". Gambit Weekly. Gambit Weekly. p. 1. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ "River of Song: The Artists". Louisiana: Where Music is King. The Filmmakers Collaborative & The Smithsonian Institution. 1998. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ "O Brother, why art thou so popular?". BBC News. February 28, 2002. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ Romney, Jonathan (May 18, 2000). "Double Vision". The Guardian. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ridley, Jim (May 22, 2000). "Talking with Joel and Ethan Coen about 'O Brother, Where Art Thou?'". Nashville Scene. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ McClatchy, Debbie (June 27, 2000). "A Short History of Appalachian Traditional Music". Appalachian Traditional Music — A Short History. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "Soggy Bottom Boys Hit the Top at 35th CMA Awards". Retrieved November 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Long, Roger J. (April 9, 2006). ""O Brother, Where Art Thou?" entry page". Retrieved November 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ "O Brother, why art thou so popular". BBC News. February 28, 2002. p. 1. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
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Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (December 29, 2000). "O Brother, Where Art Thou? Review". The Chicago Sun Times. Rogerebert.com. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: O Brother, Where Art Thou?". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Temple Kirby, Jack (2006). Mockingbird Song: Ecological Landscapes of the South. UNC Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-8078-3057-4.
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Jump up ^ "Man of Constant Sorrow (trad./The Stanley Brothers/Bob Dylan)". Man of Constant Sorrow. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
External links[edit]
Mississippi portal
Film portal
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"Coenesque: The Films of the Coen Brothers".
"American Myth Today: O Brother, Where Art Thou?". American Studies at the University of Virginia
[show]
v
t
e
Works by the Coen brothers
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Frequent collaborators
Films directed
Blood Simple (1984)
Raising Arizona (1987)
Miller's Crossing (1990)
Barton Fink (1991)
The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
Fargo (1996)
The Big Lebowski (1998)
O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)
The Man Who Wasn't There (2001)
Intolerable Cruelty (2003)
The Ladykillers (2004)
No Country for Old Men (2007)
Burn After Reading (2008)
A Serious Man (2009)
True Grit (2010)
Inside Llewyn Davis (2013)
Hail, Caesar! (2016)
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Crimewave (1985)
The Naked Man (1998)
Gambit (2012)
Unbroken (2014)
Bridge of Spies (2015)
Suburbicon (2017)
Television
The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Homer's Odyssey (8th century BC)
Characters
Characters
House of Odysseus
Penelope (wife)
Telemachus (son)
Anticlea (mother)
Laërtes (father)
Autolycus (grandfather)
Eurycleia (chief servant)
Mentor (advisor)
Phemius (musician)
Argos (pet-dog)
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Menelaus of Sparta
Princess Nausicaa of Phaeacia
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Films
L'Odissea (1911 Italian)
Ulysses (1954 Italian)
Ulysses' Gaze (1995 Greek)
O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)
Keyhole (2012)
TV
L'Odissea (1968)
Ulysses 31 (1981 Japanese anime)
The Odyssey (1997)
Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists (2007)
Star Trek: Odyssey (2007)
Literature
True History (2nd century AD)
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in popular culture
Works based on Faust
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Faust and Marguerite (1900)
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Plays
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List of Grace and Frankie episodes
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Grace and Frankie is an American comedy series, which premiered on May 8, 2015, on Netflix.[1] The series was created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris, and stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin as Grace and Frankie, two women whose lives are turned upside down when their husbands announce they are in love with each other and want to get married. The series also stars Sam Waterston, Martin Sheen, Brooklyn Decker, Ethan Embry, June Diane Raphael, and Baron Vaughn in supporting roles.
On April 12, 2017, Netflix renewed the series for a fourth season.[2] As of January 19, 2018,[update] 52 episodes of Grace and Frankie have been released, concluding the fourth season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2015)
2.2 Season 2 (2016)
2.3 Season 3 (2017)
2.4 Season 4 (2018)
3 References
4 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally released
1 13 May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
2 13 May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
3 13 March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
4 13 January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2015)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
1
1 "The End" Tate Taylor Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace Hanson and Frankie Bergstein are brought to dinner by their lawyer husbands, Robert and Sol, under the assumption that the men are going to announce they are retiring, but the women are shocked when their husbands reveal they are actually leaving them, for each other, and want to get married now that same-sex marriage is legal. The men also reveal that they have been having an affair with each other for more than 20 years. The news quickly spreads to their horrified children. Despite their stark personality differences, Grace and Frankie strike up a bond when they both seek escape at the beach house the couples share.
2
2 "The Credit Cards" Scott Winant Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace and Frankie are adjusting to living with each other, but the discovery that Robert and Sol have cut off their credit cards leaves them fuming. Frankie contemplates moving back to her home, since Sol is living with Robert, but eventually decides to stay with Grace at the beach house so they can continue supporting one another. Grace and Robert's daughter Mallory is caught between her parents when she picks up some things from Robert's for Grace, and later she bumps into Frankie and Sol's son, Coyote, with whom she has a troubled history.
3
3 "The Dinner" Bryan Gordon Nancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-House May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Robert and Sol host a dinner party for their children, but they object to having to keep it a secret from Grace and Frankie. Meanwhile, the women have decided to take their minds off the impending divorce by returning to work; unfortunately, Grace and Robert's daughter Brianna, who now operates Grace's cosmetics company, refuses to let her return for fear of being overshadowed, and Frankie's attempt to apply for an art teacher position is derailed due to a misunderstanding. Mallory has to come to terms with being in the same room as Coyote but they eventually decide to put their troubles behind them.
4
4 "The Funeral" Tim Kirkby Alexa Junge May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
When Robert and Sol's law partner dies, both they and Grace and Frankie attend the funeral, which is the first function in which Robert and Sol have are to be an out and about couple together. Frankie is upset when Grace ditches her to spend time with Lydia, Robert's sister, and later Grace fears that Frankie has overheard her say that she is 'stuck with her.' Robert is surprised to find that he misses Grace almost as much as Sol misses Frankie.
5
5 "The Fall" Betty Thomas Billy Finnegan May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Sometime after the funeral, Brianna visits with the intention of having Grace set up an online dating profile, but winds up getting high with Frankie. They convince Grace to take them to get frozen yogurt, where Grace takes a nasty fall and breaks her hip. A series of comical and concerning events follow at the hospital, culminating in Grace's realization of how much Frankie means to her.
6
6 "The Earthquake" Tristram Shapeero Jacquelyn Reingold May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
A minor earthquake sets off Frankie's seismophobia, prompting Sol to drop everything to comfort her. Frankie questions how things with Sol started, and it is obvious there are still unresolved feelings between them. Grace goes on an online date but takes a face to one of Frankie's troublesome students when the date goes disastrously wrong. Meanwhile, Coyote attempts to give Mallory a gift, but bumps into Mallory's aggressive husband Mitch, who is far from thrilled to see him.
7
7 "The Spelling Bee" Tim Kirkby Julieanne Smolinski May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Frankie and Sol are both excited to watch the national spelling bee, but are disappointed to find that Grace and Robert aren't interested. Grace is saved from a disastrous date by Guy, an old friend of Robert's who is looking to give up his life of adventure. Brianna gets a dog as an escape from her disastrous dating life, but finds herself with the hots for the dog's foster owner.
8
8 "The Sex" Dennie Gordon David Budin & Brendan McCarthy May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace is ready to take things to the next level with Guy, but finds herself uncomfortable with the idea of being intimate after years of (not) sleeping with Robert. However, Frankie is on hand with her homemade organic lube. Frankie realizes her friend Jacob is flirting with her. Sol and Robert clear out Brianna's old room but Sol is terrified of Brianna. Bud and Coyote have a brotherly talk.
9
9 "The Invitation" Matt Shakman Billy Finnegan May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Frankie is upset when Grace gets an invitation to Sol and Robert's wedding and she doesn't, but soon realizes that she needs to set boundaries with her ex-husband. Robert discovers Grace and Guy are dating and gatecrashes an afternoon golfing. Looking for a new angle for her business, Brianna discovers Frankie's homemade lube and, after making all her colleagues experiment with it, realizes its potential.
10
10 "The Elevator" Miguel Arteta Laura Jacqmin May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Frankie, Grace, Sol, Robert and Bud become trapped in an elevator after signing their divorce papers, and remember a pivotal weekend spent at the beach house five years previously. Sol and Robert attempt to tell Grace and Frankie about their affair but are interrupted by the arrival of the kids, including a heavily pregnant Mallory and a Coyote in the height of his drug addiction. As events escalate, Mallory gives birth, Grace decides Brianna should take over her business, and Bud discovers his father's relationship with Robert but decides to keep quiet.
11
11 "The Secrets" Andrew McCarthy Nancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-House May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace is thrown when coming face to face with the student of Frankie's who she kissed during the earthquake, and confides in Frankie, but is upset when Frankie tells Sol, who tells Robert, and then Guy finds out. Sol is furious to discover that Robert slept with another man 10 years ago when they had stopped seeing each other. Brianna gets closer with her co-worker but their date is gatecrashed by Coyote and Bud.
12
12 "The Bachelor Party" Julie Anne Robinson Jacquelyn Reingold May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Coyote and Bud enlist Brianna and Mallory's help with arranging a bachelor party for Robert and Sol but there are differing opinions on what they would like. Things get worse when Robert's conservative old boss arrives. Grace and Frankie hit the town for a "yes night" in an attempt to cheer Frankie up during her Sol purge.
13
13 "The Vows" Dean Parisot Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris & Alexa Junge May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
It's the week before Robert and Sol's wedding, and Robert is struggling to write vows that match Sol's natural emotive words. Frankie is forced to break her purge from Sol to help him clear out their old house, but old memories reemerge and they end up sleeping with each other. Grace is furious with Sol when she finds out and orders him to tell Robert. She comforts Frankie, who finally recognizes her marriage is over. Meanwhile, Grace realizes she needs to break up with Guy, but runs into unexpected difficulties in doing so. The episode ends with Grace and Frankie walking down the beach together wrapped in a blanket comforting each other and Sol going home, but it's not clear whether he tells Robert.
Season 2 (2016)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
14
1 "The Wish" Dean Parisot Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Robert is rushed to hospital after having a heart attack, stopping Sol's plans to tell him about his affair with Frankie. With life-threatening surgery looming, Robert convinces Sol to marry him, and Grace and Frankie are forced to help, despite their own guilt about the infidelity. It's not long before the children find out as well. Mallory reveals some big news.
15
2 "The Vitamix" Rebecca Asher Alexa Junge May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace and Frankie agree to go to Robert and Sol's house ahead of them coming home, but it brings up bitter memories for both of them. Brianna, Mallory and Bud help Sol deal with Robert's health insurance, while Mallory breaks the news to her father that she is pregnant with twins.
16
3 "The Negotiation" Trent O'Donnell Billy Finnegan May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Negotiations between Frankie and Brianna over her Yam lube get tough, while Frankie also reconnects with her former flame Jacob. Grace competes with her rival granny for Mallory's children's affection.
17
4 "The Road Trip" Arlene Sanford Nancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-House May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Frankie convinces Grace to track down her former flame, Phil, who Grace had an affair with many years earlier. However, the reunion doesn't go well. Sol is racked with guilt as he continues to lie to Robert.
18
5 "The Test" Andy Ackerman John Hoffman May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Frankie struggles with trying and failing to pass her driving test. Grace attempts to reconnect with old friends, but realizes that she has moved on from that part of her life now.
19
6 "The Chicken" Jann Turner Julie Durk May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Unable to keep his lie any longer, Sol admits to Robert that he slept with Frankie, and the latter furiously throws his new husband out. Grace coaches a young bartender in trying to get her a job at Brianna's business. Frankie is conflicted over Jacob's desire for romance.
20
7 "The Boar" Michael Showalter Julieanne Smolinski May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
When Sol turns up at the beach house having been kicked out by Robert, Frankie instead turns to Jacob and opens up about how she feels. Grace is panicked when she gets a message from Phil, despite their bad reunion.
21
8 "The Anchor" Melanie Mayron David Budin & Brendan McCarthy May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Frankie takes a furious stand against Brianna and her non-eco-friendly plans for her Yam lube. Phil and Grace go for lunch, but he drops the bombshell that he is still married, though his wife is very ill. Robert continues to reject a despairing Sol.
22
9 "The Goodbyes" Jason Ensler Nancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-House May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Coyote's birth mother arrives in town, and a family lunch with Frankie and Sol goes disastrously wrong. Grace is adamant she can't be with a married Phil, but her desire gets the better of her. Robert meets a new friend at the dog park.
23
10 "The Loophole" Lee Rose Billy Finnegan May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace and Phil enjoy a passionate night together, but complications arise as his wife goes missing. When Grace is forced to face the woman she has betrayed more than once, it becomes too much for her and she ends things. Sol and Robert square off against each other when they get involved in Frankie and Brianna's lube battle.
24
11 "The Bender" Alex Hardcastle Brooke Wied & Alex Burnett May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace goes on a massive bender after her painful breakup with Phil, and crosses a line when Frankie tries to help her. Coyote and Bud meet Jacob. Frankie is reunited with Babe, an old friend, but she drops a bombshell; she has terminal cancer. Robert and Sol discuss how to move forward now that they are back together.
25
12 "The Party" Wendey Stanzler Alexa Junge May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace is shocked when Frankie reveals Babe has asked her to help her die after a party to end all parties. Can a dying Babe reunite the warring women? Sol and Robert decide to sell their house to start afresh.
26
13 "The Coup" Rebecca Asher Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Gifts from a departed Babe prompt Grace and Frankie to reevaluate their lives. After a disastrous birthday party for Bud when they are once again faced with their ex-husbands' incompetence, they announce they are going into business making vibrators - much to the horror of their children.
Season 3 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
27
1 "The Art Show" Marta Kauffman Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie have trouble applying for a business loan. Robert and Sol provide a tour of their new house to their children. Frankie is nervous that her paintings will not sell from her art show. Sol shows up at Frankie's art show, with Frankie less than pleased. Bud brings his new date to the art show, and his siblings make fun of her eccentricity. Brianna and Barry discuss their own intentions and interpretations of their relationship. A special guest also shows up to Frankie's art show.
28
2 "The Incubator" Arlene Sanford Billy Finnegan March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie head to a business incubator in an attempt to get funding for their new venture. However, Frankie obtains the funding from an unknown source. Robert and Sol ponder the thought of retirement.
29
3 "The Focus Group" Ken Whittingham Wil Calhoun March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Robert and Sol have conflicting ideas about retirement. Both are persuaded to audition for a local play, with mixed results. Grace and Frankie host an open house to introduce their product, but they come across a particular clientele.
30
4 "The Burglary" Alex Hardcastle Brendan McCarthy & David Budin March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie come home from a night out, only to find they have been robbed. The ladies take a class to better protect themselves. Sol is upset that he is not invited to happy hour with Robert and his theater friends. Robert compromises and hosts an awkward happy hour at their home.
31
5 "The Gun" Rebecca Asher Julie Durk March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Frankie learns the truth about Grace owning a gun. Sharing her displeasure, Frankie wants the gun removed from the house. Robert discusses his plans of coming out to his mother. Mallory and Brianna go out clubbing, and Brianna picks up a guy. Grace finds out the truth about the source of their business venture.
32
6 "The Pot" Andy Ackerman Julieanne Smolinski March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace is upset at Brianna over providing the business loan to Frankie. Frankie and Coyote barge in on Bud and Allison. Robert and Sol attempt to have an intimate night together, but Robert is haunted by his mother. Grace and Frankie's children reunite the women to try and patch things up between the two.
33
7 "The Floor" Rebecca Asher Alexa Junge March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Coyote informs Bud that he is looking for a place of his own. Grace and Frankie injure themselves and put their business meeting in jeopardy. Robert discusses the vision of his mother with Sol and his friend John.
34
8 "The Alert" Melanie Mayron John Hoffman March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie are excited about the website launch for their new product. Bud brings a questionable gift to Grace and Frankie, after their recent injury. Grace and Frankie conduct a business meeting with one of Grace's longtime friends. Brianna and Mallory have dinner out, and they encounter Brianna's escort. Brianna finds out more about her escort's personal life. Sol and his secretary have a more in depth talk about retirement, only to find out it's more of a two-way conversation about the subject at hand.
35
9 "The Apology" Ken Whittingham Alex Kavallierou & Sara Lohman March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Robert and Sol begin to enjoy their retirement together with various activities. Robert gets news about his mother. Frankie entertains Jacob by cooking dinner. Jacob shares news about his future plans, which upsets Frankie. Brianna and Mallory discuss the reason why Mallory cancelled her getaway vacation with Mitch.
36
10 "The Labels" Arlene Sanford Alex Burnett & Brooke Wied March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Coyote celebrates his sobriety birthday with his family present. Allison brings over a surprise to Bud to enhance their relationship. Grace and Frankie's business is taking off, and they recruit their ex-husbands for assistance. The ladies encounter a possible competitor on the market. Frankie is nervous when it comes to telling Grace about going to Santa Fe with Jacob in the future.
37
11 "The Other Vibrator" Rebecca Asher Billy Finnegan March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace is not handling Frankie's revelation well. Robert and Sol each encounter an anti-LGBT protest outside the theater where Robert is performing. However, each has a different experience. Grace is going to meet with a business competitor who she feels is trying to rip off her product. Robert is nervous over opening night. Frankie accuses Grace of moving on without her, and before she can share all her thoughts, she is unable to speak.
38
12 "The Musical" Arlene Sanford Wil Calhoun March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Opening night has arrived for Robert's theater performance, but the protestors make their way inside to disrupt the show. However, Frankie's medical episode has caused her family to leave during the show. Frankie eventually goes to the hospital where she learns her diagnosis. Allison reveals some surprising news to Bud.
39
13 "The Sign" Rebecca Asher Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace shares her concerns to Frankie about her health. Grace receives news that she's being served from her competitor, but she finds an ulterior motive behind the papers. Robert and Sol have conflicting ideas about handling anti-LGBT protestors. Brianna travels to Baltimore to win back her ex Barry. Frankie makes a decision about moving to Santa Fe with Jacob. Mallory announces her separation from Mitch.
Season 4 (2018)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
40
1 "The Lodger" Alex Hardcastle Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Frankie returns from Santa Fe to find Grace lodging with manicurist Sheree (Lisa Kudrow). Sol is upset when Robert wants to stop attending rallies for gay rights with him. Bud and Allison throw a party to find out the sex of their unborn child.
41
2 "The Scavengender Hunt" Ken Whittingham Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Frankie admits how unhappy she is in Santa Fe as her jealousy towards Sheree concerns Grace. A 'scavengender' hunt to find out the sex of Bud's baby goes awry.
42
3 "The Tappys" Rebecca Asher Billy Finnegan January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Grace and Frankie break into Sheree's former home to help prove her claim of ownership. Sol encourages Robert to use an award acceptance speech as a platform for activism.
43
4 "The Expiration Date" Alex Hardcastle John Hoffman January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Grace has to deal with her newfound relationship with Nick. Frankie goes to the bank and has an unpleasant surprise.
44
5 "The Pop-Ups" Rebecca Asher Julia Durk January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Declared legally dead, Frankie begins to think about where her life has taken her. Grace worries about how her age might affect her relationship with Nick, with surprising results. When Sol and Robert meet their eccentric next door neighbors, they disagree about the best course of action.
45
6 "The Hinge" Ken Whittingham Julieanne Smolinski January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
46
7 "The Landline" Randall Keenan Winston Michael Platt & Barry Safchik January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Sol and Frankie team up to try and get Frankie declared "undead" as Grace faces some realities about herself and her life after attending a friend's funeral with Robert.
47
8 "The Lockdown" Gail Lerner David Budin & Brendan McCarthy January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
After multiple false alarms, Allison decides to have an at home water birth and wants Frankie(to Bud's horror) to deliver the baby. Robert and Sol agree to let Grace stay with them while she recovers from knee surgery. The past is confronted when the former couples (along with Robert and Sol's new neighbors) are forced into lockdown when a local zoo orangutan escapes.
48
9 "The Knee" Rebecca Asher Gretchen Enders January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Grace undergoes knee surgery and Nick wants to show her his ability to care for people in need. Frankie is enjoying her new role as a grandmother, but Jacob is feeling tired of coming in second in her life and makes a startling revelation.
49
10 "The Death Stick" Ken Whittingham Brooke Wied January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
50
11 "The Tub" Rebecca Asher Alex Burnett January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
51
12 "The Rats" Alan Poul Sara Lohman & Alex Kavallierou January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
52
13 "The Home" Marta Kauffman Melissa DiNicola & Billy Finnegan January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - grace & frankie on netflix". The Futon Critic. Futon Media. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nilles, Billy (April 12, 2017). "A Friends Reunion Is Coming to Grace and Frankie Season 4 With Lisa Kudrow". EOnline.
External links[edit]
List of Grace and Frankie episodes on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grace_and_Frankie_episodes&oldid=846430897"
Categories:
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