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Learning management system
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A learning management system (LMS) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses or training programs.[1] Learning management system is a concept emerging directly from e-Learning, even though there were other tools, informatics or not which have encouraged distance education Distance Education Learning Environments Survey. The first introduction of LMS is in the late 1990s.[2]
Learning management systems help the instructor deliver material to the students, administer tests and other assignments, track student progress, and manage record-keeping. LMSs are focused on online learning delivery but support a range of uses, acting as a platform for fully online courses, as well as several hybrid forms, such as blended learning and flipped classrooms. LMSs can be complemented by other learning technologies such as a training management system to manage instructor-led training or a Learning Record Store to store and track learning data.
Contents
1 Characteristics
1.1 Purpose
1.2 History
1.2.1 A. Correspondence teaching
1.2.2 B. Multimedia teaching: The emergence and development of the distance learning idea
1.2.3 C. Telematic teaching
1.2.4 D. Teaching through the internet: The appearance of the first LMS system
2 Technical aspects
3 Features
3.1 Managing courses, users, roles, instructors
3.2 Online assessment and tracking students' attendance
3.3 User feedback
4 Learning management industry
5 Advantages and disadvantages
5.1 Advantages
5.2 Disadvantages
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 Further information
Characteristics[edit]
Purpose[edit]
An LMS delivers and manages instructional content, and typically handles student registration, online course administration, and tracking, and assessment of student work.[3] Some LMSs help identify progress towards learning or training goals.[4] Most LMSs are web-based, to facilitate access. LMSs are often used by regulated industries (e.g. financial services and biopharma) for compliance training. Some LMS providers include "performance management systems", which encompass employee appraisals, competency management, skills-gap analysis, succession planning, and multi-rater assessments (i.e., 360 degree reviews). Some systems support competency-based learning.
Though there are a wide variety of terms for digital aids or platforms for education, such as "course management systems", "virtual or managed learning platforms or systems", or "computer-based learning environment", the term "learning management system" has become the ubiquitous term for products that help administer or deliver part or all of a course.
History[edit]
There are several historical phases of distance education that precede LMS:
A. Correspondence teaching[edit]
The first known document of correspondence teaching dates back to 1723, through the advertisement in the Boston Gazzete of Caleb Phillips, professor of shorthand, offering teaching materials and tutorials.[5] The first testimony of a bi-directional communication organized correspondence course comes from England, in 1840, when Isaac Pitman initiated a short hand course, where in he sent a passage of the Bible to students and these would sent it back in full transcription. The success of the course resulted in the foundation of the phonographic correspondence society in 1843. The pioneering milestone in distance language teaching starts in 1856 by Charles Toussaint and Gustav Langenscheidt, who started up the first European institution of distance learning. This is the first known instance of the use of materials for independent language study.[6] Correspondence institutions in the United States and across Europe were encouraged and fostered by the development in 1680 of the penny post service, which allowed the delivery of letters and parcels for a penny.[7]
B. Multimedia teaching: The emergence and development of the distance learning idea[edit]
The concept of eLearning began developing in the early 20th century, marked by the appearance of audio-video communication systems used for remote teaching.[citation needed] In 1909, E.M. Forster published his story 'The Machine Stops' and explained the benefits of using audio communication to deliver lectures to remote audiences.[8]
Here the term "multimedia" refers to the use of several means (media) to reach the students and provide instruction. Printed materials are joined by audiotapes, videotapes, radio and TV, broadcasts, telephone, etc.[9] The earliest networked learning system was the Plato Learning Management system (PLM) developed in the 1970s by Control Data Corporation. In 1920, Sidney L. Pressey developed the first teaching machine which offered multiple types of practical exercises and question formats. Nine years later, University of Alberta's Professor M.E. Zerte transformed this machine into a problem cylinder able to compare problems and solutions.[10]
C. Telematic teaching[edit]
In the 1980s the modern telecommunications start to be used in education, with computers more present in the daily use of higher education institutions. Computer aided teaching aim to integrate technical and educational means and instruments to student learning. The trend then shifted to video communication, as a result of which Houston University decided to hold telecast classes to their students for approximately 13-15 hours a week. The classes took place in 1953, while in 1956, Robin McKinnon Wood and Gordon Pask released the very first adaptive teaching system for corporate environments SAKI.[11] The idea of automating teaching operations also inspired the University of Illinois experts to develop their Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations (PLATO) which enabled users to exchange content regardless of their location.[11] In the period between 1970 and 1980, educational venues were rapidly considering the idea of computerizing courses, including the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute from California that introduced the first accredited online-taught degree.
D. Teaching through the internet: The appearance of the first LMS system[edit]
The history of the application of computers to education is filled with broadly descriptive terms such as computer-managed instruction (CMI), and integrated learning systems (ILS), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and computer-assisted learning (CAL). These terms describe drill-and-practice programs, more sophisticated tutorials, and more individualized instruction, respectively.[12] The term is currently used to describe a number of different educational computer applications.[13] FirstClass by SoftArc, used by the United Kingdom's Open University in the 1990s and 2000s to deliver online learning across Europe, was one of the earliest internet-based LMSs.[14][15][16]
The first fully featured Learning Management System (LMS) was called EKKO, developed and released by Norway's NKI Distance Education Network in 1991.[17] Three years later, New Brunswick's NB Learning Network presented a similar system designed for DOS-based teaching, and devoted exclusively to business learners.
In 2000, the University of Zurich revolutionized the concept of digitized learning by introducing the first open-source LMS called OLAT.[18] A year later, the LMS development industry welcomed Microsoft and its first SCORM-certified learning suite SharePoint.
Technical aspects[edit]
Most LMSs are web-based. There are a variety of integration strategies for embedding content into LMSs, including AICC, SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model)[19] and LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability). LMSs were originally designed to be locally hosted on-premise, where the organization purchases a license to a version of the software, and installs it on their own servers and network. Many LMSs are also offered as SaaS (software as a service), with hosting provided by the vendors.[20]
Through LMS, teachers may create and integrate course materials, articulate learning goals, align content and assessments, track studying progress, and create customized test for students. LMS allows the communication of learning objectives, and organize learning timelines. LMS leverage is that it delivers learning content and tools straight to learners, and it can also reach marginalized groups through special settings. Such systems have built in customizable features including assessment and tracking. Thus, learners can see in real time their progress and instructors can monitor and communicate the effectiveness of learning.[21] Such systems have built in customizable features including assessment and tracking. Thus, learners can see in real time their progress and instructors can monitor and communicate the effectiveness of learning.[22] One of the most important features of LMS is trying to create a streamline communication between learners and instructors. Such systems, besides facilitating online learning, tracking learning progress, providing digital learning tools, manage communication, and maybe selling content, may be used to provide different communication features.[23]
Features[edit]
Managing courses, users, roles, instructors[edit]
LMS may be used to create professional structured course content. The teacher can add, text, images, tables, links and text formatting, interactive tests, slideshows etc. Moreover, it can offer the opportunity of different levels of users, like teachers, students, visitors and editors (hierarchies). It helps to control which content student can access, track studying progress and engage student with contact tools. Teachers can manage, student interface, course and module, self-enrolment, user reporting and import students to their online classes.[24]
Online assessment and tracking students' attendance[edit]
LMS can enable teachers to create customized tests for students, accessible and submitted online. Platforms allows different multiple question types like, one/multi-line answer, multiple choice answer, drag-and- drop order, essay, true or false/yes or no, fill in the gaps, agreement scale, offline tasks. Through Attendance Manager, teachers view attendance and record whether each student attended, arrived late, or missed classes and events.[21]
User feedback[edit]
Students' exchange of feedback both with teachers and their peers is possible through LMS. Teachers may create discussion groups to allow students feedback and increase the interaction in course. Students' feedback is an instrument which help teachers to improve their work, identify what to add or remove from their courses, where students feel more comfortable, what makes them be more included.[2]
Learning management industry[edit]
In the U.S. higher education market as of fall 2016, the top three LMSs by number of installations were Blackboard (33%), Moodle (19%) and Canvas (17%).[25] The same three systems lead in terms of number of students enrolled, but in a different order: Blackboard (45%), Canvas (24%), Moodle (17%).
In the corporate market in 2015, the six largest LMS providers constitute approximately 50% of the market, with SuccessFactors Learning, Saba Software, Voniz Inc and SumTotal Systems being the four largest providers. Vendors focused on mid-sized companies (200+ employees) include Absorb Software, Litmos, Halogen Software, LatitudeLearning, ADP, Docebo, and Workday.[26] Another service related to LMS comes from the standardized test preparation vendors, where companies such as Princeton Review or BenchPrep offer online test prep courses.
In 2017, MarketResearch released a report, “Global Learning Management Market Trends, Applications, Analysis, Growth, and Forecast: 2017 to 2026,” which identified "key players" in the global learning management market, including Blackboard Inc., Cornerstone OnDemand, D2L Corporation, IBM, McGraw-Hill Education, Netdimensions Ltd., Pearson plc, SABA Software, Inc., SAP SE, and Xerox.[27] The following year, Research and Markets released the report "Learning Management System (LMS) Market to 2025 Global Analysis and Forecasts" which listed the major corporations in the industry to be Cornerstone OnDemand, DoceboLMS, IBM, Netdimensions Ltd., SAP SE, Blackboard Inc., SABA Software, Inc., McGraw-Hill Education, Pearson plc, and D2L Corporation.[28]
Many users of LMSs use an authoring tool to create content, which is then hosted on an LMS. In many cases LMSs include a primitive authoring tool for basic content manipulation. There are several standards for creating and integrating complex content into an LMS, including AICC, SCORM, xAPI and Learning Tools Interoperability.
Evaluation of LMSs is a complex task and significant research supports different forms of evaluation, including iterative processes where students' experiences and approaches to learning are evaluated.[29]
Advantages and disadvantages[edit]
Advantages[edit]
There are six major advantages of LMS: interoperability, accessibility, reusability, durability, maintenance ability and adaptability, which in themselves constitute the concept of LMS.[21]
Some other advantages include:
An LMS supports content in various formats, text, video, audio etc.
You can access materials anytime, from everywhere, teachers can modify the content, and students can see the updated material
The evaluation of students is easier and fair, based on student attendance and online quizzes
Students and teachers can re-use the material every time they need[30]
Disadvantages[edit]
Although there are many advantages of LMS, authors have identified some disadvantages of using this system.
Implementing LMS requires a well-built technology infrastructure. Teachers have to be willing to adapt their curricula from face to face lecture to online lectures[24]
Sometimes schools don't have the appropriate infrastructure to develop LMS, so it might be difficult to them to operate in this environment and adopt their curricula[31]
Some current research suggests that online teaching leads to an increase in teacher workload[32]
See also[edit]
Authoring system
Competency management system
Competency-based management
Digital content creation
Educational technology (e-learning)
Intelligent tutoring system
LAMS – Learning Activity Management System
Learning objects
Learning Record Store (LRS)
List of learning management systems
Student information system
Virtual learning environment
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ellis, Ryann K. (2009), Field Guide to Learning Management, ASTD Learning Circuits
^ Jump up to: a b Davis, B., Carmean, C., & Wagner, E. (2009). "The Evolution of the LMS : From Management to Learning". The ELearning Guild Research. 24. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Gilhooly, Kym (16 July 2001). "Making e-learning effective". Computerworld. 35 (29): 52–53.
Jump up ^ Szabo, Micheal; Flesher, K. (2002). "CMI Theory and Practice: Historical Roots of Learning Management Systems". Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2002 (White Paper)|format= requires |url= (help). Montreal, Canada: In M. Driscoll & T. Reeves (Eds.): 929–936. ISBN 1-880094-46-0.
Jump up ^ "A Brief History of Online Education". bear.warrington.ufl.edu.
Jump up ^ "History of Distance Learning". www.godistancelearning.com.
Jump up ^ "Penny Post - postal service".
Jump up ^ E.M. Forster, "THE MACHINE STOPS", archive.ncsa.illinois.edu.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Solomon Arulraj DAVID, " A Critical Understanding of Learning Management System", academia.edu.
^ Jump up to: a b Solomon Arulraj DAVID, " Teaching Machines", teachingmachin.es.
Jump up ^ Parr, Judy M.; Fung, Irene (3 October 2006). "A Review of the Literature on Computer-Assisted Learning, particularly Integrated Learning Systems, and Outcomes with Respect to Literacy and Numeracy". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Watson, William R. (2007). "An Argument for Clarity: What are Learning Management Systems, What are They Not, and What Should They Become?" (PDF). TechTrends. 51 (2): 28–34. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "History and Trends of Learning Management System (Infographic)". Oxagile. 12 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Ashok Sharma. "The History of Distance Learning and the LMS". ELH Online Learning Made Simple.
Jump up ^ "History of learning management systems". ProProfs.
Jump up ^ "The NKI Internet College: A review of 15 years delivery of 10,000 online courses", irrodl.org,.
Jump up ^ "OLAT – Online Learning And Training", id.uzh.ch,.
Jump up ^ Learning management system, stratbeans consulting
Jump up ^ Lin, Sandi (16 November 2015). "SaaS Learning Management System: Is your LMS Truly SaaS? - eLearning Industry". eLearning Industry. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Long, Phillip D. (2004). Encyclopedia of Distributed Learning. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 291–293. doi:10.4135/9781412950596.n99.
Jump up ^ Wang, Qiyun; Woo, Huay Lit; Quek, Choon Lang; Yang, Yuqin; Liu, Mei (2011-06-09). "Using the Facebook group as a learning management system: An exploratory study". British Journal of Educational Technology. 43 (3): 428–438. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01195.x. ISSN 0007-1013.
Jump up ^ Chaiprasurt, Chantorn; Esichaikul, Vatcharaporn (2013-07-05). "Enhancing motivation in online courses with mobile communication tool support: A comparative study". The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. 14 (3): 377–401. ISSN 1492-3831.
^ Jump up to: a b Schoonenboom, Judith (February 2014). "Using an adapted, task-level technology acceptance model to explain why instructors in higher education intend to use some learning management system tools more than others". Computers & Education. 71: 247–256. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.016. ISSN 0360-1315.
Jump up ^ 4th Annual LMS Data Update, 2016 .
Jump up ^ Bersin, Josh. "Talent Management Software Market Surges Ahead". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Global Learning Management System (LMS) Market Trends, Applications, Analysis, Growth, And Forecast: 2017 To 2026". MarketResearch.biz.
Jump up ^ "Global Learning Management System (LMS) Market to 2025: Major Players are Cornerstone Ondemand, Docebo, IBM, Netdimensions, SAP SE, Blackboard, SABA Software, Mcgraw-Hill Education, Pearson and D2L - Research and Markets". Business Wire. January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ellis, R.; Calvo, R.A. (2007), "Minimum indicators to quality assure blended learning supported by learning management systems" (PDF), Journal of Educational Technology and Society
Jump up ^ Montrieux, Hannelore; Vanderlinde, Ruben; Schellens, Tammy; Marez, Lieven De (2015-12-07). "Teaching and Learning with Mobile Technology: A Qualitative Explorative Study about the Introduction of Tablet Devices in Secondary Education". PLOS ONE. 10 (12): e0144008. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144008. PMC 4671718  . PMID 26641454.
Jump up ^ "PsycNET". psycnet.apa.org. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Teacher workload: using ICT to release time to teach - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
Bibliography[edit]
Levensaler, Leighann; Laurano, Madeline (2009), Talent Management Systems 2010, Bersin & Associates
Further information[edit]
Connolly, P. J. (2001). A standard for success. InfoWorld, 23(42), 57-58. EDUCAUSE Evolving Technologies Committee (2003). Course Management Systems (CMS). Retrieved 25 April 2005, from http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/DEC0302.pdf
A field guide to learning management systems. (2005). Retrieved 12 November 2006, from http://www.learningcircuits.org/NR/rdonlyres/BFEC9F41-66C2-42EFBE9D-E4FA0D3CE1CE/7304/LMS_fieldguide1.pdf
Gibbons, A. S., Nelson, J. M., & Richards, R. (2002). The nature and origin of instructional objects. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The instructional use of learning objects: Online version. Retrieved 5 April 2005, from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/gibbons.doc
Gilhooly, K. (2001). Making e-learning effective. Computerworld, 35(29), 52-53.
Carolin, L. (2010). Reasons For Using E-Learning In Corporate, from https://www.ipixtechnologies.com/6-reasons-for%20using-e-learning-in-corporate-training.html
Hodgins, H. W. (2002). The future of learning objects. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The instructional use of learning objects: Online version. Retrieved 13 March 2005, from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/hodgins.doc
Introduction: why we need AMG, first version, and redesign. (2006). Retrieved 20 November 2006, from http://ariadne.cs.kuleuven.be/amg/Intro.jsp
Wiley, D. (2002). Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The instructional use of learning objects: Online version. Retrieved 13 March 2005, from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc
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text:
Justify (horse)
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Justify
Justify and his connections after the 2018 Preakness Stakes
Sire
Scat Daddy
Grandsire
Johannesburg
Dam
Stage Magic
Damsire
Ghostzapper
Sex
Colt
Foaled
March 28, 2015
Country
United States
Color
Chestnut
Breeder
John D. Gunther
Owner
WinStar Farm (Majority Owner), China Horse Club, Head of Plains Partners, Starlight Racing
Trainer
Bob Baffert
Record
6: 6-0-0
Earnings
$3,798,000[1]
Major wins
Santa Anita Derby (2018)
Triple Crown wins:
Kentucky Derby (2018)
Preakness Stakes (2018)
Belmont Stakes (2018)
Awards
13th American Triple Crown winner (2018)
Justify (foaled March 28, 2015) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse who became the thirteenth American Triple Crown winner in 2018. He first attracted attention with a win in his first start on February 18, 2018, followed by two more victories, including the Grade I Santa Anita Derby, to qualify for the 2018 Kentucky Derby. Justify then won that race, the 2018 Preakness Stakes, and the 2018 Belmont Stakes to win the Triple Crown. He was retired undefeated several weeks after the Belmont.
Justify is only the second horse to win the American Triple Crown with an undefeated record, following Seattle Slew. Justify is descended from Seattle Slew, Secretariat, Count Fleet, War Admiral, Omaha, and Gallant Fox, all of whom also won the American Triple Crown. He is also a descendant of English Triple Crown winner Nijinsky. Of the 13 American Triple Crown winners, Justify is the first who did not race as a two-year-old.
Contents
1 Background
2 Racing career
2.1 Kentucky Derby
2.2 Preakness Stakes
2.3 Belmont Stakes
2.3.1 Controversy
2.4 Injury
3 Statistics
4 Pedigree
5 References
6 See also
Background[edit]
Justify is a chestnut colt with a large white blaze on his forehead.[2] He was bred in Kentucky by Canadian[3] John D. Gunther, who runs Glennwood Farm with his daughter Tanya. Although the Gunthers have a small breeding operation, their 2015 foals also included Without Parole, a Group I winner at Royal Ascot, and Vino Rosso, a graded stakes winner who raced against Justify in both the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes. Gunther also bred Justify's dam, Stage Magic, a stakes-placed daughter of Ghostzapper.[4][5]
Justify was part of the second-last crop of Scat Daddy, who won the Champagne Stakes and Florida Derby. Although Scat Daddy ran in America on the dirt, as a stallion he first made his reputation in Europe as a turf sire, with Group 1 winners including Lady Aurelia and Caravaggio[6] His stud fee when he was bred to Stage Magic in 2014 was only $35,000, though it was scheduled to increase to $100,000 in 2016. Scat Daddy died prematurely at the age of eleven in December 2015.[7]
Justify was sold at the 2016 Keeneland September Yearling Sales for $500,000 to a recently formed partnership between WinStar Farm (60% ownership), China Horse Club (25%) and SF Racing (15%), the latter run by employees of George Soros's investment firm.[8] David Hanley, general manager of WinStar, said that Justify stood out at the sales. "He was a beautiful yearling – had great balance and leg, great shoulder, and lovely length and neck, and power," he said. "For a big horse, he was very light on his feet, with good action and good energy."[9] In early March 2018, SF Racing sold a share to Starlight Racing,[10] then Sol Kumin's Head of Plains partners also bought a share in late March.[11]
Justify grew into a large horse, standing 16.3 hands (67 inches, 170 cm) at the withers and weighing 1,380 pounds (630 kg).[12] He was initially sent to trainer Rodolphe Brisset at Keeneland but pulled a muscle and was given time to recover and grow into his frame. In January 2018, he was sent to Santa Anita to be trained by Bob Baffert.[13]
Racing career[edit]
Justify did not make his first start until February 18, 2018, in a maiden special weight race for three-year-olds at Santa Anita Park over seven furlongs. Going off as the 1-2 favorite, he broke poorly then rushed up to challenge for the early lead. After completing the first quarter mile in a quick 21.80 seconds, he began to open up an advantage on the rest of the field, ultimately winning by 9 1⁄2 lengths. The impressive win earned a Beyer Speed Figure of 104 and caused the Thoroughbred Daily News to designate the colt as a "Rising Star". "It's not too late," said Baffert regarding the colt's chances of qualifying for the Kentucky Derby. "I've got a plan... We're looking (for a graded stakes race). He’s shown his brilliance in the morning."[14]
Justify made his next start on March 11 in an allowance race at Santa Anita, run at a distance of one mile. As the overwhelming 1-20 favorite, he broke slowly and settled behind the early leaders, On the far turn, he quickened and swept to an easy 6 1⁄2 length win. "I didn't ask him to move," said jockey Mike Smith, riding the colt for the first time. "He came off that turn like it was a stroll. Just very, very impressed. I hate to compare him to other horses right now, but doesn’t he remind you of an Easy Goer way back in the day. Just a big ol’ red horse with a big, powerful stride."[15]
Despite never having raced in stakes company, Justify was subsequently ranked as one of the leading contenders for the Kentucky Derby, moving into seventh place in the March 12 NTRA poll.[16] However, the colt first needed to qualify by earning points in the 2018 Road to the Kentucky Derby. Baffert originally planned to run stablemate McKinzie in the Santa Anita Derby and ship Justify to Oaklawn Park for the Arkansas Derby. But when McKinzie suffered a setback due to injury, Baffert decided to keep Justify at his home base for the Santa Anita Derby.[17]
On April 7, Justify entered the Santa Anita Derby as part of a field of seven horses. His main rival was Bolt d'Oro, a multiple stakes winner and another top contender on the Derby trail. The two horses were almost evenly matched in the betting, with Justify going off as the slight favorite. He went to the early lead then set a comfortable pace down the backstretch, moving with a "freak stride" that helped him conserve energy. Around the final turn, the field started to close the gap, with Bolt d'Oro getting to within 1 1⁄2 lengths in mid-stretch. Justify responded to the challenge and drew away for a three-length lead despite drifting somewhat down the stretch.[18][19]
Kentucky Derby[edit]
The win moved Justify to the top position in the NTRA 3-year-old poll and made him the favorite for the Derby. To win the race though, he would have to overcome the so-called "Curse of Apollo" – no horse had won the Kentucky Derby without racing as a two-year-old since Apollo in 1882. Baffert pointed to the horse's natural ability but acknowledged the colt was still green.[20] Furthermore, the field for the 2018 Kentucky Derby was considered one of the best in recent memory, with most of the major prep race winners given serious consideration by handicappers. In addition to Justify, the field included graded stakes winners Good Magic (Breeders' Cup Juvenile and Blue Grass Stakes), Mendelssohn (Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf and UAE Derby), Audible (Florida Derby), Magnum Moon (Arkansas Derby), Noble Indy (Louisiana Derby), Vino Rosso (Wood Memorial), My Boy Jack (Lexington Stakes), Free Drop Billy (Breeders' Futurity), Firenze Fire (Champagne Stakes) and Bolt d'Oro.[21]
Play media
Justify in starting gate for Kentucky Derby
The 2018 Kentucky Derby was held on May 5 on a rainy day at Churchill Downs. Although the surface had been sealed earlier in the day to minimize the effect of the rain on the footing, the track was still labeled as sloppy. Justify broke well and used his early speed to establish good position near the rail going into the first turn, running a length behind Promises Fulfilled in a fast opening quarter of 22.24 seconds. These two maintained their position for the first three-quarters of a mile, completed in 1:11, followed closely by Bolt d'Oro, Flameaway, and Good Magic. Going into the final turn, Promises Fulfilled dropped back while first Bolt d'Oro and then Good Magic were put to a drive. Justify responded to the challenge and opened up a lead of 1 1⁄2 lengths at the top of the stretch, widening to 2 1⁄2 lengths at the finish line. Good Magic held on for second while Audible closed late to finish third.[22][23][24]
Justify came out of the race almost untouched by the mud due to his front-running style.[25] The day after however, he appeared to be somewhat lame in his left hind leg – a condition that Baffert attributed to "scratches or whatever" from the wet track.[26] The sensitivity was later determined to have been caused by a heel bruise. To protect the heel, Justify was shod with a three-quarter horseshoe before he resumed galloping on May 10.[27]
Preakness Stakes[edit]
Justify narrowly wins in a blanket finish at the 2018 Preakness
The track conditions for the 2018 Preakness Stakes, run on May 19 at Pimlico Racetrack in Baltimore, were even worse than for the Derby.[28] After heavy rain over several days, the track was sloppy.[29] The rain finally stopped shortly before the race but then a heavy fog descended, limiting visibility to about a sixteenth of a mile.[30]
The start was once again critical, and Justify broke well to go take the early lead. To his inside, Good Magic rushed up to challenge him and the two matched strides around the first turn and down the backstretch while setting moderate fractions. They picked up the pace rounding the final turn and opened a gap on the rest of the field. However in mid-stretch, Tenfold started closing ground rapidly to Justify's outside while Bravazo, who had trailed by five lengths in mid-stretch, was moving fastest of all in the center of the track. Justify dug in to win by half a length over Bravazo, with Tenfold just a neck farther back in third, another neck in front of Good Magic.[30][31]
The win earned Justify a Beyer Speed Figure of 97, the lowest of his career. Baffert felt that the colt had suffered a bit of a "bounce", or regression, from a peak performance in the Derby. He was still impressed by Justify's performance, pointing out that the colt had been pushed hard by Good Magic and had also reacted greenly by jumping several puddles during the race. "You can't bring it all the time," he said. "This will set him up for the next one."[32]
On May 24, ESPN.com and the New York Times reported that Justify's breeding rights had been sold prior to the running of the Preakness to Coolmore Stud (which had owned his sire Scat Daddy) for $60 million. Reportedly, a bonus of $25 million would kick in if Justify subsequently won the Triple Crown.[33] WinStar Farm replied that they had received many inquiries but nothing would be finalized in the "foreseeable future".[34]
Belmont Stakes[edit]
Baffert was the trainer of the last Triple Crown winner, American Pharoah in 2015, and followed a similar training regimen with Justify at Churchill Downs until shipping to New York a few days before the Belmont.[32] Baffert noted that one of the main differences between the two horses was their attitude: American Pharoah is known as a kind, easy going horse whereas Justify is more dominant. "You have to watch him," said Baffert. "He likes to push you around. He's not a mean horse, but his patience level with people is, like, five seconds."[35]
Justify wins the Belmont Stakes.
The 2018 Belmont Stakes was run on June 9 over a fast track before a sold-out crowd of 90,000. Justify drew post position one, which meant that a poor start would have resulted in him getting trapped on the rail. However, Justify broke well and Smith sent him to the lead with a quick opening quarter of 23.37. He then slowed down the pace as they moved around the first turn and down the backstretch, leading by two lengths over Restoring Hope as he completed the mile in 1:38.09. Around the far turn, Vino Rosso mounted a drive to move into second place, while Gronkowski and Hofburg started closing on Vino Rosso from far back. Despite drifting out slightly in the stretch, Justify increased a one length lead over the challengers after the final turn to win by 1 3⁄4 lengths over Gronkowski. He completed the mile and a half race in 2:28.18.[12][36][37]
Baffert was elated following the race. "It's just amazing, I'm so proud to be an American, very emotional and a lot of help upstairs," he told Forbes. "It never gets old. American Pharoah was my first love, but wow, Mike Smith deserves something like this. This horse is just amazing, he could have won every race on the undercard today."[38]
The win made Justify the thirteenth winner of the American Triple Crown, and just the second horse to accomplish the feat while still undefeated.[37] Justify's owners received a total of $2.94 million for winning all three Triple Crown races.[38]
Controversy[edit]
Following the Belmont Stakes, observers questioned the tactics of jockey Florent Geroux aboard Restoring Hope, who was also trained by Baffert. Restoring Hope broke slowly from the starting gate but quickly headed for the lead in between horses, cutting in front of Noble Indy and drifting wide entering the first turn. He then veered left, pushing Bravazo towards the rail.[39] Some of those connected to other horses in the race believed that Geroux's actions helped give Justify an advantage by giving him an uncontested lead. Mike Repole, the co-owner of Vino Rosso and Noble Indy, told the Daily Racing Form that he was confused by seeing Restoring Hope "rush up like he was a Quarter Horse". Vino Rosso's rider John Velasquez said he felt like Geroux was trying to protect Justify.[40] On the other hand, D. Wayne Lukas, the trainer of Bravazo, found the situation "strange", but did not think Restoring Hope's actions affected the outcome of the race.[39][41]
In response, Baffert said that his original plan was to have Restoring Hope sit behind Justify in second. Geroux stated that he wanted to be towards the front early but Restoring Hope became rank. "When he broke a step slow - he's kind of an aggressive horse to ride, he pulls very hard - I wanted to make sure I put him in the clear. I didn't want to break, get the horse covered up and then the horse starts getting aggressive behind horses. It would have been even worse if he was behind horses.”[40] Gary West, the owner of Restoring Hope, told the New York Post that he was unaware of any plan to have the colt near the pace. "Maybe the horse was completely out of control and Florent had no choice. I will never know.”[41] The Belmont Park stewards spoke to Geroux about his ride the Thursday following the race. Geroux said he felt like the stewards were only talking to him because of the media attention. "I didn't bother anybody, I didn't shut anybody off. If there was something, I think they would have contacted me right away to review the race," he said.[42]
Injury[edit]
After the Belmont, Justify was returned to Churchill Downs where he was paraded before a large crowd on June 16.[43] He was then shipped back to Santa Anita, where he was paraded on June 23.[44] Baffert kept Justify in light training to give the colt time to recover from the grueling Triple Crown campaign. In early July, Baffert noticed a slight filling in the ankle of Justify's left front leg. The filling subsided but then reappeared a few days later, so Baffert decided to send the colt for a detailed evaluation. Justify was officially retired from racing on July 25, 2018. [45][46]
Statistics[edit]
Date
Age
Distance
Race
Grade
Track
Odds
Field
Finish
Winning time
Winning
(losing)
margin
Jockey
Ref
Feb 18, 2018 3 7 furlongs Maiden Special Weight Maiden Santa Anita 0.50* 5 1 1:21.86 9 1⁄2 lengths Drayden Van Dyke [47]
Mar 11, 2018 3 1 mile Allowance Optional Claiming Allowance Santa Anita 0.05* 5 1 1:35.73 6 1⁄2 lengths Mike E. Smith [48]
Apr 7, 2018 3 1 1⁄8 miles Santa Anita Derby Grade I Santa Anita 0.90* 7 1 1:49.72 3 lengths Mike E. Smith [19]
May 5, 2018 3 1 1⁄4 miles Kentucky Derby Grade I Churchill Downs 2.90* 20 1 2:04.20 2 1⁄2 lengths Mike E. Smith [22]
May 19, 2018 3 1 3⁄16 miles Preakness Stakes Grade I Pimlico 0.40* 8 1 1:55.93 1⁄2 length Mike E. Smith [31]
June 9, 2018 3 1 1⁄2 miles Belmont Stakes Grade I Belmont Park 0.80* 10 1 2:28.18 1 3⁄4 length Mike E. Smith [36]
An asterisk after the odds indicates that Justify was the post-time favorite.
Pedigree[edit]
Pedigree of Justify, chestnut colt, March 28, 2015[49]
Sire
Scat Daddy
2004
Johannesburg
1999 Hennessy Storm Cat
Island Kitty
Myth Ogygian
Yarn
Love Style
1999 Mr. Prospector Raise a Native
Gold Digger
Likeable Style Nijinsky
Personable Lady
Dam
Stage Magic
2007
Ghostzapper
2000 Awesome Again Deputy Minister
Primal Force
Baby Zip Relaunch
Thirty Zip
Magical Illusion
2001 Pulpit A.P. Indy
Preach
Voodoo Lily Baldski
Cap the Moment (family: 1-h)
Justify is inbred 3 x 5 x 5 to Mr. Prospector, meaning this sire appears once in the third generation of the pedigree and twice in the fifth-generation as the sire of full sisters Yarn and Preach. Justify also has six crosses to Northern Dancer through Storm Cat, Yarn, Nijinsky, Deputy Minister, Preach, and Baldski. Further back, Justify's pedigree contains multiple crosses to some of the greatest sires of the twentieth century, including Native Dancer, Nearco, and Man o' War.[50][51]
Justify's pedigree includes several Triple Crown winners. He is a fifth generation descendant of Seattle Slew through A.P. Indy; a sixth generation descendant of Secretariat through both Storm Cat and A.P. Indy; descends from Count Fleet through Mr. Prospector and Primal Force, and has multiple crosses to War Admiral through Ogygian's daughter Myth, Personable Lady, and A.P. Indy.[49][52][53][54][55] Even farther back in his pedigree are Omaha and Gallant Fox.[56][57] Nijinsky, who appears several times in Justify's pedigree, won the English Triple Crown in 1970.[50]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Frary, Tom. "Frankel's Without Parole Remains Unbeaten In the St James's Palace". thoroughbreddailynews.com.
Jump up ^ "Mendelssohn scores more Grade 1 success for late Scat Daddy". Racing Post. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Culpepper, Chuck (4 May 2018). "The Kentucky Derby field is dominated by a horse that died in 2015". Washington Post. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Hoppert, Melissa; Goldstein, Matthew (7 June 2018). "A Secretive Investor in Triple Crown Contender Justify: George Soros". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Justify's Victory Rewards Partnership Group" (PDF). The BloodHorse. pp. 11–12. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Starlight Acquires Interests in Audible, Justify". BloodHorse.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kumin Buys Into Audible, Justify". www.thoroughbreddailynews.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Clarke, Liz (9 June 2018). "Justify triumphs in Belmont Stakes to win the Triple Crown". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Frakes, Jason. "Bob Baffert on Triple Crown talk for Justify: 'Not yet, not yet'". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "TDN Rising Stars - Writeup Page". www.thoroughbreddailynews.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Justify Romps Again, Sets Sights on Derby". www.thoroughbreddailynews.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Plenty of Movement in NTRA 3-Year-Old Poll". BloodHorse.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Chart of the 2018 Kentucky Derby". www.equibase.com. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
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Jump up ^ Privman, Jay. "Curse of Apollo lifted as Justify cruises in Kentucky Derby". Daily Racing Form. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Justify makes history in wettest ever Kentucky Derby". New York Post. 5 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Sun staff. "Preakness notes: 'Diaper rash'-like condition not expected to derail Derby winner Justify". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Reilly, Kellie (10 May 2018). "Justify 'galloped perfect' in first track exercise since Kentucky Derby". Brisnet. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Sheinin, Dave (18 May 2018). "Justify enters Preakness Stakes chasing history in weather that could be biblical". Washington Post. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Justify wins Preakness; Triple Crown in sight". ESPN.com. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Balan, Jeremy. "Justify Emerges From the Fog to Win Preakness". BloodHorse.com. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chart of the 2018 Preakness Stakes". Equibase. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Privman, Jay. "For Baffert, a familiar routine ahead of Triple Crown bid". www.drf.com. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Hoppert, Melissa; Drape, Joe. "Justify's Breeding Rights Are Said to Be Sold to Coolmore for $60 Million". New York Times. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "WinStar Issues Statement". bloodhorse.com. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Liz (7 June 2018). "Justify's path to cusp of Triple Crown is unusual. But so is training a 1,380-pound athlete". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chart of the Belmont Stakes". Equibase. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Wincze Hughes, Alicia. "Justify 13th Triple Crown Winner After Belmont Victory". BloodHorse.com. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Wood, Tim. "Belmont Stakes 2018 Results: Justify Triple Crown Winner, Final Order, Final Payouts And Total Purse". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Bieler, Des (2018-06-10). "Did Justify get undue help from another Bob Baffert horse in winning at Belmont?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "Horsemen question Geroux's ride on Restoring Hope". www.drf.com. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "Belmont controversy erupts: Did alliance ensure a Justify victory?". New York Post. 2018-06-10. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
Jump up ^ "Stewards talk to Geroux over Belmont Stakes ride". www.drf.com. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
Jump up ^ "Justify Parades Before Thousands at Churchill Downs". BloodHorse.com. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
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Jump up ^ "Chart for Race 2, Santa Anita, February 18, 2018". Equibase. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Chart for Race 5, Santa Anita, March 11, 2018". Equibase. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Experience Justify's pedigree with this video tour of his greatest ancestors". www.kentuckyderby.com. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Man o' War's Century Of Influence - Horse Racing News | Paulick Report". www.paulickreport.com. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pedigree of A.P. Indy". www.pedigreequery.com. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pedigree of Storm Cat". www.pedigreequery.com. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pedigree of Primal Force". pedigreequery.com. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Personable Lady Horse Pedigree". www.pedigreequery.com. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pedigree of Nijinsky". Pedigreequery. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pedigree of Storm Bird". Pedigreequery. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
See also[edit]
List of leading Thoroughbred racehorses
Media related to Justify (horse) at Wikimedia Commons
show
v
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e
Kentucky Derby winners
1875 Aristides
1876 Vagrant
1877 Baden-Baden
1878 Day Star
1879 Lord Murphy
1880 Fonso
1881 Hindoo
1882 Apollo
1883 Leonatus
1884 Buchanan
1885 Joe Cotton
1886 Ben Ali
1887 Montrose
1888 Macbeth II
1889 Spokane
1890 Riley
1891 Kingman
1892 Azra
1893 Lookout
1894 Chant
1895 Halma
1896 Ben Brush
1897 Typhoon II
1898 Plaudit
1899 Manuel
1900 Lieut. Gibson
1901 His Eminence
1902 Alan-a-Dale
1903 Judge Himes
1904 Elwood
1905 Agile
1906 Sir Huon
1907 Pink Star
1908 Stone Street
1909 Wintergreen
1910 Donau
1911 Meridian
1912 Worth
1913 Donerail
1914 Old Rosebud
1915 Regret ♥
1916 George Smith
1917 Omar Khayyam
1918 Exterminator
1919 Sir Barton ₩
1920 Paul Jones
1921 Behave Yourself
1922 Morvich
1923 Zev
1924 Black Gold
1925 Flying Ebony
1926 Bubbling Over
1927 Whiskery
1928 Reigh Count
1929 Clyde Van Dusen
1930 Gallant Fox ₩
1931 Twenty Grand
1932 Burgoo King
1933 Brokers Tip
1934 Cavalcade
1935 Omaha ₩
1936 Bold Venture
1937 War Admiral ₩
1938 Lawrin
1939 Johnstown
1940 Gallahadion
1941 Whirlaway ₩
1942 Shut Out
1943 Count Fleet ₩
1944 Pensive
1945 Hoop Jr.
1946 Assault ₩
1947 Jet Pilot
1948 Citation ₩
1949 Ponder
1950 Middleground
1951 Count Turf
1952 Hill Gail
1953 Dark Star
1954 Determine
1955 Swaps
1956 Needles
1957 Iron Liege
1958 Tim Tam
1959 Tomy Lee
1960 Venetian Way
1961 Carry Back
1962 Decidedly
1963 Chateaugay
1964 Northern Dancer
1965 Lucky Debonair
1966 Kauai King
1967 Proud Clarion
1968 Forward Pass (Dancer's Image disqualified)
1969 Majestic Prince
1970 Dust Commander
1971 Canonero II
1972 Riva Ridge
1973 Secretariat ₩
1974 Cannonade
1975 Foolish Pleasure
1976 Bold Forbes
1977 Seattle Slew ₩
1978 Affirmed ₩
1979 Spectacular Bid
1980 Genuine Risk ♥
1981 Pleasant Colony
1982 Gato Del Sol
1983 Sunny's Halo
1984 Swale
1985 Spend A Buck
1986 Ferdinand
1987 Alysheba
1988 Winning Colors ♥
1989 Sunday Silence
1990 Unbridled
1991 Strike the Gold
1992 Lil E. Tee
1993 Sea Hero
1994 Go for Gin
1995 Thunder Gulch
1996 Grindstone
1997 Silver Charm
1998 Real Quiet
1999 Charismatic
2000 Fusaichi Pegasus
2001 Monarchos
2002 War Emblem
2003 Funny Cide
2004 Smarty Jones
2005 Giacomo
2006 Barbaro
2007 Street Sense
2008 Big Brown
2009 Mine That Bird
2010 Super Saver
2011 Animal Kingdom
2012 I'll Have Another
2013 Orb
2014 California Chrome
2015 American Pharoah ₩
2016 Nyquist
2017 Always Dreaming
2018 Justify ₩
Legend – ₩ = Triple Crown winners, ♥ = Filly
show
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Preakness Stakes winners
1873 Survivor
1874 Culpepper
1875 Tom Ochiltree
1876 Shirley
1877 Cloverbrook
1878 Duke of Magenta
1879 Harold
1880 Grenada
1881 Saunterer
1882 Vanguard
1883 Jacobus
1884 Knight of Ellerslie
1885 Tecumseh
1886 The Bard
1887 Dunboyne
1888 Refund
1889 Buddhist
1890 Montague
1894 Assignee
1895 Belmar
1896 Margrave
1897 Paul Kauvar
1898 Sly Fox
1899 Half Time
1900 Hindus
1901 The Parader
1902 Old England
1903 Flocarline ♥
1904 Bryn Mawr
1905 Cairngorm
1906 Whimsical ♥
1907 Don Enrique
1908 Royal Tourist
1909 Effendi
1910 Layminster
1911 Watervale
1912 Colonel Holloway
1913 Buskin
1914 Holiday
1915 Rhine Maiden ♥
1916 Damrosch
1917 Kalitan
1918 War Cloud
1918 Jack Hare, Jr.
1919 Sir Barton ₩
1920 Man o' War
1921 Broomspun
1922 Pillory
1923 Vigil
1924 Nellie Morse ♥
1925 Coventry
1926 Display
1927 Bostonian
1928 Victorian
1929 Dr. Freeland
1930 Gallant Fox ₩
1931 Mate
1932 Burgoo King
1933 Head Play
1934 High Quest
1935 Omaha ₩
1936 Bold Venture
1937 War Admiral ₩
1938 Dauber
1939 Challedon
1940 Bimelech
1941 Whirlaway ₩
1942 Alsab
1943 Count Fleet ₩
1944 Pensive
1945 Polynesian
1946 Assault ₩
1947 Faultless
1948 Citation ₩
1949 Capot
1950 Hill Prince
1951 Bold
1952 Blue Man
1953 Native Dancer
1954 Hasty Road
1955 Nashua
1956 Fabius
1957 Bold Ruler
1958 Tim Tam
1959 Royal Orbit
1960 Bally Ache
1961 Carry Back
1962 Greek Money
1963 Candy Spots
1964 Northern Dancer
1965 Tom Rolfe
1966 Kauai King
1967 Damascus
1968 Forward Pass
1969 Majestic Prince
1970 Personality
1971 Canonero II
1972 Bee Bee Bee
1973 Secretariat ₩
1974 Little Current
1975 Master Derby
1976 Elocutionist
1977 Seattle Slew ₩
1978 Affirmed ₩
1979 Spectacular Bid
1980 Codex
1981 Pleasant Colony
1982 Aloma's Ruler
1983 Deputed Testamony
1984 Gate Dancer
1985 Tank's Prospect
1986 Snow Chief
1987 Alysheba
1988 Risen Star
1989 Sunday Silence
1990 Summer Squall
1991 Hansel
1992 Pine Bluff
1993 Prairie Bayou
1994 Tabasco Cat
1995 Timber Country
1996 Louis Quatorze
1997 Silver Charm
1998 Real Quiet
1999 Charismatic
2000 Red Bullet
2001 Point Given
2002 War Emblem
2003 Funny Cide
2004 Smarty Jones
2005 Afleet Alex
2006 Bernardini
2007 Curlin
2008 Big Brown
2009 Rachel Alexandra ♥
2010 Lookin At Lucky
2011 Shackleford
2012 I'll Have Another
2013 Oxbow
2014 California Chrome
2015 American Pharoah ₩
2016 Exaggerator
2017 Cloud Computing
2018 Justify ₩
Legend – ₩ = Triple Crown Winners, ♥ = Filly
show
v
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Belmont Stakes winners
1867 Ruthless ♥
1868 General Duke
1869 Fenian
1870 Kingfisher
1871 Harry Bassett
1872 Joe Daniels
1873 Springbok
1874 Saxon
1875 Calvin
1876 Algerine
1877 Cloverbrook
1878 Duke Of Magenta
1879 Spendthrift
1880 Grenada
1881 Saunterer
1882 Forester
1883 George Kinney
1884 Panique
1885 Tyrant
1886 Inspector B
1887 Hanover
1888 Sir Dixon
1889 Eric
1890 Burlington
1891 Foxford
1892 Patron
1893 Commanche
1894 Henry of Navarre
1895 Belmar
1896 Hastings
1897 Scottish Chieftain
1898 Bowling Brook
1899 Jean Bereaud
1900 Ildrim
1901 Commando
1902 Masterman
1903 Africander
1904 Delhi
1905 Tanya ♥
1906 Burgomaster
1907 Peter Pan
1908 Colin
1909 Joe Madden
1910 Sweep
1913 Prince Eugene
1914 Luke McLuke
1915 The Finn
1916 Friar Rock
1917 Hourless
1918 Johren
1919 Sir Barton ₩
1920 Man o' War
1921 Grey Lag
1922 Pillory
1923 Zev
1924 Mad Play
1925 American Flag
1926 Crusader
1927 Chance Shot
1928 Vito
1929 Blue Larkspur
1930 Gallant Fox ₩
1931 Twenty Grand
1932 Faireno
1933 Hurryoff
1934 Peace Chance
1935 Omaha ₩
1936 Granville
1937 War Admiral ₩
1938 Pasteurized
1939 Johnstown
1940 Bimelech
1941 Whirlaway ₩
1942 Shut Out
1943 Count Fleet ₩
1944 Bounding Home
1945 Pavot
1946 Assault ₩
1947 Phalanx
1948 Citation ₩
1949 Capot
1950 Middleground
1951 Counterpoint
1952 One Count
1953 Native Dancer
1954 High Gun
1955 Nashua
1956 Needles
1957 Gallant Man
1958 Cavan
1959 Sword Dancer
1960 Celtic Ash
1961 Sherluck
1962 Jaipur
1963 Chateaugay
1964 Quadrangle
1965 Hail To All
1966 Amberoid
1967 Damascus
1968 Stage Door Johnny
1969 Arts and Letters
1970 High Echelon
1971 Pass Catcher
1972 Riva Ridge
1973 Secretariat ₩
1974 Little Current
1975 Avatar
1976 Bold Forbes
1977 Seattle Slew ₩
1978 Affirmed ₩
1979 Coastal
1980 Temperence Hill
1981 Summing
1982 Conquistador Cielo
1983 Caveat
1984 Swale
1985 Creme Fraiche
1986 Danzig Connection
1987 Bet Twice
1988 Risen Star
1989 Easy Goer
1990 Go and Go
1991 Hansel
1992 A.P. Indy
1993 Colonial Affair
1994 Tabasco Cat
1995 Thunder Gulch
1996 Editor's Note
1997 Touch Gold
1998 Victory Gallop
1999 Lemon Drop Kid
2000 Commendable
2001 Point Given
2002 Sarava
2003 Empire Maker
2004 Birdstone
2005 Afleet Alex
2006 Jazil
2007 Rags to Riches ♥
2008 Da' Tara
2009 Summer Bird
2010 Drosselmeyer
2011 Ruler on Ice
2012 Union Rags
2013 Palace Malice
2014 Tonalist
2015 American Pharoah ₩
2016 Creator
2017 Tapwrit
2018 Justify ₩
Legend - ₩ = Triple Crown Winners, ♥ = Filly
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justify_(horse)&oldid=853932963"
Categories:
2015 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Northern Dancer bloodline
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