text:
Body Like a Back Road
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"Body Like a Back Road"
Single by Sam Hunt
Released
February 2, 2017 (2017-02-02)
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2017
Genre
Pop, country pop
Length
2:45
Label
MCA Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Sam Hunt
Zach Crowell
Shane McAnally
Josh Osborne
Producer(s)
Zach Crowell
Sam Hunt singles chronology
"Make You Miss Me"
(2016) "Body Like a Back Road"
(2017)
"Make You Miss Me"
(2016) "Body Like a Back Road"
(2017)
Music video
"Body Like a Back Road" (audio) on YouTube
"Body Like a Back Road" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Sam Hunt. It was released to country radio, by MCA Nashville on February 6, 2017 as the first single from his upcoming second studio album. The song is written by Hunt, Zach Crowell, Shane McAnally and Josh Osborne.[1][2] It was released to American hot adult contemporary radio on April 3, 2017, becoming his second crossover single promoted to a pop music format.[3]
The song has become a hit in the United States and is Hunt's most successful song to date. It has broken two records within a month of one another; in early June 2017, the song broke a 55-year-old-record previously held by Leroy Van Dyke's "Walk On By", with 20 weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart – this made Hunt the only solo country music artist with the longest run at the top of the 59-year old Hot Country Songs chart.[4] The song broke records again in late July 2017, becoming the only song in the history of the Hot Country Songs chart to stay at number one for more than 24 weeks, a record previously held since 2012 by Florida Georgia Line's "Cruise".[5] The song has spent a total of 34 weeks on top of the Hot Country Songs chart as of the issue dated October 14, 2017.[6] Additionally, the song peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Hunt's highest-charting single, and his first top 10 single overall, on that chart. With this peak, the song became the highest-charting country music song on the US Billboard Hot 100 since "Cruise" by Florida Georgia Line, which peaked at number four in 2013.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Commercial performance
3 Charts
4 Certifications
5 References
Background[edit]
The song was written by Hunt with his producer Zach Crowell, Josh Osborne and Shane McAnally. Hunt described it as "a lighthearted song" as he wanted to release something lighter than the "heavy direction" that his new album was taking. According to Hunt, the song was written after his engagement to Hannah Lee Fowler. Hunt said: "I connect music to the emotions that come from relationships, so most of the songs that I write are inspired by those circumstances, emotions, feelings, all that kind of stuff."[7] He had previously broken up with Fowler, and wrote "Drinkin' Too Much" as an apology (the break-up also inspired a few other songs in Montevallo).[8] The couple got back together, and a few days after "Drinkin' Too Much" was released in January 2017, he announced their engagement.[9]
Commercial performance[edit]
In the US, the song reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and stayed at that spot for 34 consecutive weeks,[6][10] breaking the record set by "Cruise" by Florida Georgia Line for the most weeks atop the chart (24 weeks).[11] It is Hunt's longest chart-topping single, overtaking "Take Your Time", which stayed on top of the Hot Country Songs chart for 11 weeks.[12]
"Body Like a Back Road" also reached number one on the Country Airplay chart and stayed at that spot for three consecutive weeks. On the week after Hunt's performance at the ACM Awards, the song sold 70,000 copies and jumped up six places from number 12 to number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Hunt's highest-charting single, and his first top 10 single overall, on that chart. With this peak, the song became the highest-charting country music song on the US Billboard Hot 100 since "Cruise" by Florida Georgia Line, which peaked at number four in 2013.[13] The song also crossed over to pop radio.[14]
The song was certified 3× Platinum on July 27, 2017,[15] and has sold 1,643,000 copies domestically as of September 2017.[16]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[17]
9
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[18]
16
Canada AC (Billboard)[19]
33
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[20]
37
Canada Country (Billboard)[21]
1
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[22]
35
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[23]
77
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[24]
73
US Billboard Hot 100[25]
6
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[26]
15
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[27]
6
US Country Airplay (Billboard)[28]
1
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[29]
1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[30]
11
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[31]
Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[32]
3× Platinum 240,000^
United States (RIAA)[15]
3× Platinum 1,643,000[16]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Dukes, Billy (January 25, 2017). "Sam Hunt's New Song 'Body Like a Back Road' Written After Engagement [Listen]". Taste of Country. Townsquare Media. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Casey, Jim (January 25, 2017). "Sam Hunt Announces New "Body Like a Back Road" Single [Listen], New "15 in a 30 Tour" & Talks "Spiritual" Engagement Details". Nash Country Weekly. American Media, Inc. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hot/Modern/AC Future Releases". All Access Media Group. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Angela Stefano (June 29, 2017). "Sam Hunt's 'Body Like a Back Road' Breaks 55-Year Hot Country Songs Chart Record". The Boot.
Jump up ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/sam-hunt-makes-chart-history-with-body-like-a-back-road/2017/07/31/9bed7830-7623-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard Country Update – October 2, 2017" (PDF). Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Casey, Jim (January 25, 2017). "Sam Hunt Announces New "Body Like a Back Road" Single [Listen], New "15 in a 30 Tour" & Talks "Spiritual" Engagement Details". Nash Country Daily.
Jump up ^ Stefano, Angela (January 1, 2017). "Sam Hunt Drops Brand-New Song, 'Drinkin' Too Much' [LISTEN]". The Boot. Townsquare Media.
Jump up ^ McKenna, Brittney (February 1, 2017). "Hear Sam Hunt's Breezy New Song 'Body Like a Back Road'". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Asker, Jim (September 26, 2017). "No 'Small' Feat: Dustin Lynch Remains No. 1; Big & Rich's 'Party' Gets Started". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Asker, Jim (August 1, 2017). "Sam Hunt's 'Body Like a Back Road' Breaks Record for Most Weeks Atop Hot Country Songs Chart". Billboard. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Asker, Jim (May 2, 2017). "Brad Paisley's 'War' Breaks Out at No. 1; John Mayer Makes Country Chart Debut". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (April 10, 2017). "Ed Sheeran Stays No. 1 on Hot 100, Kendrick Lamar Debuts at No. 2". Billboard. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (April 7, 2017). "Sam Hunt's Country Hit 'Body Like a Back Road' Speeds to Pop Radio".
^ Jump up to: a b "American single certifications – Sam Hunt – Body Like a Back Road". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 15, 2017. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
^ Jump up to: a b Bjorke, Matt (September 18, 2017). "Top 30 Digital Country Singles Sales Chart: September 18, 2017". Roughstock.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Sam Hunt – Body Like a Back Road". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Canadian Hot 100 for Sam Hunt. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Canada AC for Sam Hunt. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Canada CHR/Top 40 for Sam Hunt. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Canada Country for Sam Hunt. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Canada Hot AC for Sam Hunt. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201709 into search. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201709 into search. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Sam Hunt. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Sam Hunt. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Adult Pop Songs for Sam Hunt. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Country Airplay for Sam Hunt. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for Sam Hunt. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Hunt – Chart history" Billboard Pop Songs for Sam Hunt. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. September 11, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Sam Hunt – Body Like a Back Road". Music Canada. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Preceded by
"Better Man"
by Little Big Town Billboard Hot Country Songs
number-one single
February 25–October 14, 2017 Succeeded by
"What Ifs"
by Kane Brown featuring Lauren Alaina
Preceded by
"Side Effects"
by Dallas Smith Billboard Canada Country
number-one single
April 29–May 20, 2017 Succeeded by
"I Be U Be"
by High Valley
Preceded by
"Any Ol' Barstool"
by Jason Aldean Billboard Country Airplay
number-one single
May 6–20, 2017 Succeeded by
"Hurricane"
by Luke Combs
[hide]
v
t
e
Sam Hunt
Discography
Studio albums
Montevallo (2014)
EPs
X2C (2014)
Mixtapes
Between the Pines (2013)
Notable singles
"Raised on It"
"Leave the Night On"
"Take Your Time"
"House Party"
"Break Up in a Small Town"
"Make You Miss Me"
"Body Like a Back Road"
Other songs
"Cop Car"
"Heartbeat"
Related articles
MCA Nashville
"Come Over"
"We Are Tonight"
"I Met a Girl"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Body_Like_a_Back_Road&oldid=804861798"
Categories:
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text:
Matthew 5:13
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Salt from the Dead Sea
Matthew 5:13 is the thirteenth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It is part of the Sermon on the Mount, the first of a series of metaphors often seen as adding to the Beatitudes.
The original Greek text is:
Ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς· ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ,
ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται; εἰς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι εἰ
μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
The translation of the King James Bible reads:
Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his
savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good
for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
The World English Bible translates the passage as:
"You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt has lost its
flavor, with what will it be salted? It is then good for nothing,
but to be cast out and trodden under the feet of men.
God's Word Translation uses the phrase "salt for the earth".[1] For a collection of other versions see Bible Gateway.com: Matthew 5:13
Contents
[hide]
1 Parallels
2 Salt as a metaphor
3 Losing saltiness
4 Foolishness
5 Trodden under foot
6 In Culture
7 See also
8 References
Parallels[edit]
The verse is paralleled in Mark 9:50 and Luke 14:34-35 has a version of this text similar to the one in Mark. There are a wide number of references to salt in the Old Testament. Leviticus 2:13, Numbers 18:19, and 2 Chronicles 13:5 all present salt as a sign of God's covenant. Exodus 30:35, Ezekiel 16:4, Ezekiel 43:24, and 2 Kings 2:21 all present salt as a purifying agent.
Salt as a metaphor[edit]
The exact meaning of the expression is disputed,[2] in part because salt had a wide number of uses in the ancient world.
Salt was extremely important in the period, and ancient communities knew that salt was a requirement of life.[3] It was most used as a preservative; this use was important enough that salt was sometimes even used as currency, from which the word salary originates.[4] The most common interpretation of this verse as a reference to salt as a preservative, and to thus see the duty of the disciples as preserving the purity of the world.
Many fertilizers use salts in appropriate quantities.[5][6][7][8] Gundry and others[9] note that salt was a minor but essential ingredient in fertilizer, and Gundry suggests that "earth" (Greek: τῆς γῆς, tēs gēs), should be translated as soil, and the disciples are thus to help the world grow and prosper.[10] Many scholars disagree with Gundry's translation of earth as soil: most see it as referring to the world and in Schweizer's words "the totality of mankind,"[11] even though the more common word used for this purpose is anthrópos[12] and that gé is used extensively as "land" or as physical earth.[13] George Shillington feels that the Greek word for salt here refers to the chemical agent used in ancient times to fertilize fields rather than the edible salt used to preserve meat or flavor foods, indicating that the disciples are to bring new life to the world.[14] Alan Kreider expounds upon this idea and notes various sources which led him to share this interpretation.[15][16] Willard Swartley states that by obeying the Golden Rule one becomes the fertilizing salt of the earth.[17] Phil Schmidt also believes that the disciples are meant to stimulate growth and positively affect the world.[18]
Schweizer notes that a common Jewish expression at the time was to call the Laws the "salt and the light" of the world, which may mean this section is an introduction to the discussion of Mosaic law that will soon commence.[11] In the Rabbinic literature of the period salt was a metaphor for wisdom.[11]
Salt also played role in ritual purity and all sacrifices had to contain salt. Nolland argues that the many different uses of salt show its importance in the life of the period, and it is this importance of the disciples that is being referenced.[19]
Ancient peoples sometimes put salt on the wicks of lamps to increase their brightness.[20]
Losing saltiness[edit]
The issue of salt losing its flavour is somewhat problematic. Salt itself, sodium chloride, is extremely stable and cannot lose its flavour. France notes that Jesus was giving a lesson in moral philosophy and "not teaching chemistry"; to him, whether or not the proverbial image is factually accurate is of little relevance to the actual message of this verse.[21] Nolland considers the impossibility of what is described as deliberate, it is counter to nature that salt lose its flavour, just as it is counter to God's will that the disciples lose faith.[22]
The most common explanation for this is that what would have been called salt in that era was quite impure, containing a wide array of other compounds. Of the substances in this mix the NaCl was the most soluble in water and if exposed to moisture the NaCl would disappear leaving a white powder looking just like salt, but not having its flavour or its preservative abilities. The salt used in the area mostly came from mines around the Dead Sea and material extracted from that area demonstrates these same properties today. Gundry notes that some other explanations have been advanced. Salt was extremely valuable and unscrupulous merchants may have replaced the salt with other substances. For some purposes gypsum was added to salt, but this would erase its flavour and make in unfit for consumption.[10]
Albert Barnes, in his Notes on the Bible (1834) says:
“In eastern countries, however, the salt used was impure, or mingled with vegetable or earthy substances, so that it might lose the whole of its saltiness, and a considerable quantity of earthy matter remain. This was good for nothing, except that it was used to place in paths, or walks, as we use gravel. This kind of salt is common still in that country. It is found in the earth in veins or layers, and when exposed to the sun and rain, loses its saltiness entirely. Maundrell says, “I broke a piece of it, of which that part that was exposed to the rain, sun, and air, though it had the sparks and particles of salt, yet it had perfectly lost its savour. The inner part, which was connected to the rock, retained its savour, as I found by proof.”
Additionally, William McClure Thomson in the nineteenth century (The Land & the Book, vol. ii. pp. 43, 44) says:
“I have often seen just such salt, and the identical disposition of it that our Lord has mentioned. A merchant of Sidon having farmed of the government the revenue from the importation of salt, brought over an immense quantity from the marshes of Cyprus – enough, in fact, to supply the whole province for at least 20 years. This he had transferred to the mountains, to cheat the government out of some small percentage. Sixty-five houses in June – Lady Stanhope’s village were rented and filled with salt. These houses have merely earthen floors, and the salt next the ground, in a few years, entirely spoiled. I saw large quantities of it literally thrown into the street, to be trodden underfoot by people and beasts. It was ‘good for nothing.’ “
However, Anglican Bishop Charles Ellicott referred to Maudrell's observation from the latter's travels, around 1690, and noted that Maundrell said he "found lumps of rock-salt there which had become partially flavourless", adding that he was "not aware that this has been confirmed by recent travelers".[23]
Schweizer notes that some early versions have this verse read "earth lose its salt" rather than "salt lose its flavour" and is thus an illustration of how important the disciples are to the world.[11] Hill notes that there is an entirely different understanding, which is that Jesus was well aware that salt cannot lose its flavour and the message is that if the disciples remain true to their Christianity they will never lose their influence and importance.[24]
Foolishness[edit]
The literal translation of the Greek: μωρανθῇ, mōranthē, "loses its savour", is "becomes foolish".[25] In Aramaic the same term is used for losing savour and becoming foolish. Some have speculated that "became foolish" is thus a mistranslation by someone who did not realize the dual meaning of the Aramaic. Gundry feels that the idea of foolish salt is such "utter nonsense" that no translator would ever make such a mistake; he feels it is more likely that the Semitic expression had been assimilated into Greek and that became foolish was an expression for losing savour.[10] English language translators universally accept that the verse is talking about flavour rather than intelligence. Some scholars do feel that this may be wordplay related to the Rabbinic use of salt as a metaphor for intelligence.
Trodden under foot[edit]
Gundry notes that at the time garbage would have been disposed of by throwing it out into the street. This explains why once the salt is cast out it will be trodden under foot of men.[10]
In Culture[edit]
This is a very famous verse, and "salt of the earth" has become a common English expression. Clarke notes that the phrase first appeared in the Tyndale New Testament of 1525.[26] The modern usage of the phrase is somewhat separate from its scriptural origins. Today it refers to someone who is humble and lacking pretension. Due to its fame it has occurred a number of times in art and popular culture, but as Siebald notes usually these are based on the secular understanding of the term. It has been the title of an important 1954 film, a John Godber play, a song on The Rolling Stones' Beggars Banquet, and a non-fiction work by Uys Krige. Both Algernon Swinburne and D.H. Lawrence wrote poems by this name. In Middle English literature the expression had a different meaning somewhat closer to the scripture, mostly being used to refer to the clergy. This usage is found both in Chaucer's "The Summoner's Tale" and Piers Plowman.[27]
Along with Matthew 5:14, this verse became the theme of World Youth Day 2002: "You are the salt of the earth ... you are the light of the world".
See also[edit]
Salt in the Bible
Salt of the earth
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Matthew 5:13
Jump up ^ http://www.sermononthemount.org.uk/Matthew/Matthew05v13Detail.html#Newton2009
Jump up ^ Herr, G. L. Salt. Pages 286-7 in vol. 4 of ISBE.
Jump up ^ Mark Kurlansky. Salt: A World History. Knopf Canada, Mar 18, 2011
Jump up ^ http://www.seaagri.com/murray.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.ipni.net/ppiweb/agbrief.nsf/5a4b8be72a35cd46852568d9001a18da/c10feca0a9a92c0485256d3500516f5c!OpenDocument
Jump up ^ http://www.pca.da.gov.ph/pdf/techno/salt.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.garden.org/articles/articles.php?q=show&id=68
Jump up ^ Newton, William. Fertilizer, Online:Bibliolife, 2009
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gundry, Robert H. Matthew: a Commentary on his Literary and Theological Art, Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schweizer, Eduard. The Good News According to Matthew, Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975
Jump up ^ Strong's Concordance 444. anthrópos
Jump up ^ Strong's Concordance 1093. gé
Jump up ^ "Origin and Meaning of Salt of the Earth" by George Shillington "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-25. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
Jump up ^ http://www.anabaptistnetwork.com/node/291 This article was published in Macquarie Christian Studies Institute: Think Piece No 11 (June 2005); originally published in a longer version in The Other Side (March/April 1989), pp34-37
Jump up ^ Journey Towards Holiness: A Way of Living for God's Nation by Alan Kreider
Jump up ^ Covenant of Peace: The Missing Peace in New Testament Theology by Willard M. Swartley pp 74
Jump up ^ http://www.goshen.edu/.cWtools/download.php/mnF=Schmidt.pdf,mnOD=PDF,mnOD=My%20Documents,dc=honors,dc=www,dc=goshen,dc=edu Goshen College Symposium Annual 2007, Schmidt 72
Jump up ^ Nolland, John, The Gospel of Matthew: a Commentary on the Greek Text, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 pg. 212
Jump up ^ Elwell, W. A. and P. W. Comfort. 2001. Lamp, Lampstand. Pages 797-8 in Tyndale Bible Dictionary. Tyndale reference library; Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House.
Jump up ^ France, R.T. The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary, Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.
Jump up ^ Nolland, John, The Gospel of Matthew: a Commentary on the Greek Text, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 pg. 213
Jump up ^ Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers" on Matthew 5, accessed 8 December 2016
Jump up ^ Hill, David. The Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981
Jump up ^ Strong's Concordance: 3471, mórainó, accessed 8 December 2016
Jump up ^ Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
Jump up ^ Siebald, Manfred. "Salt of the Earth." A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature. David Lyle Jeffrey, general editor. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans, 1992.

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Brooks's law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Brooks' law is an observation about software project management according to which "adding human resources to a late software project makes it later".[1][2] It was coined by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month. According to Brooks, there is an incremental person who, when added to a project, makes it take more, not less time. This is similar to the general law of diminishing returns in economics.
Contents
1 Explanations
2 Exceptions and possible solutions
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Explanations[edit]
According to Brooks himself, the law is an "outrageous oversimplification",[1] but it captures the general rule. Brooks points to the main factors that explain why it works this way:
It takes some time for the people added to a project to become productive. Brooks calls this the "ramp up" time. Software projects are complex engineering endeavors, and new workers on the project must first become educated about the work that has preceded them; this education requires diverting resources already working on the project, temporarily diminishing their productivity while the new workers are not yet contributing meaningfully. Each new worker also needs to integrate with a team composed of several engineers who must educate the new worker in their area of expertise in the code base, day by day. In addition to reducing the contribution of experienced workers (because of the need to train), new workers may even make negative contributions, for example, if they introduce bugs that move the project further from completion.
Communication overheads increase as the number of people increases. Due to combinatorial explosion, the number of different communication channels increases rapidly with the number of people.[3] Everyone working on the same task needs to keep in sync, so as more people are added they spend more time trying to find out what everyone else is doing.
Limited divisibility of tasks. Adding more people to a highly divisible task, such as cleaning rooms in a hotel, decreases the overall task duration (up to the point where additional workers get in each other's way). Some tasks are less divisible; Brooks points out that while it takes one woman nine months to make one baby, "nine women can't make a baby in one month".
Exceptions and possible solutions[edit]
There are some key points in Brooks' law that allow exceptions and open the door for possible solutions.[4][5]
The first point is to note that Brooks' law only applies to projects that are already late.[6] Projects can be brought back into (or kept in) control if people are added earlier in the process.[7] It is also important to determine if the project is really late, or if the schedule was originally overly optimistic. Scheduling mistakes account for a large number of late projects. Correcting the schedule is the best way to have a meaningful and reliable time frame for the project's completion.[8]
The quantity, quality and role of the people added to the project also must be taken into consideration. One simple way to circumvent the law on an overrun project is to add more people than needed, in such a way that the extra capacity compensates the training and communication overhead.[9] Good programmers or specialists can be added with less overhead for training.[10] People can be added to do other tasks related with the project, for example, quality assurance or documentation; given that the task is clear, ramp up time is minimized.[11]
The modern practices of continuous integration, test-driven development, and iterative development significantly reduce the inter-developer communication overhead, and thus allow for better scalability.[12] New tools for software development and documentation also help to minimize the ramp up time, making it simpler for new programmers to get involved in the work. Design patterns simplify the distribution of work, because the entire team can do its part within the framework provided by that pattern. The design pattern defines the rules that the programmers follow, simplifies communication through the use of a standard language, and provides consistency and scalability. Finally, good segmentation helps by minimizing the communication overhead between team members. Smaller sub-problems are solved by a smaller team, and a top-level team is responsible for systems integration. For this method to work, the segmentation of the problem must be done correctly in the first place; if done incorrectly, this can make the problem worse, not better, by impeding communication between programmers working on parts of the problem which are actually closely coupled, even when the project plan has decreed that they are not.
A way to finish a project is to invert Brooks' Law. This is the Bermuda plan, when 90% of the developers are removed ("send them to Bermuda") and the remaining 10% complete the software.[13]
See also[edit]
Death march
Anti-pattern
List of eponymous laws
List of software development philosophies
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. The Mythical Man-Month. 1995 [1975]. Addison-Wesley.
Jump up ^ Maggie Fox NBC News, October 21, 2013, Better use the phone: Why Obamacare website is such a fail. Accessed Oct 21, 2013. "And sending in too many of the "best and the brightest’ might not be the right fix, either, software experts note. They often cite Brooks’s Law, which holds that adding people to a project slows it down."
Jump up ^ James Taylor, "A Survival Guide for Project Managers", 2nd edition, AMACOM[clarification needed], 2006, ISBN 978-0814408773, p. 21.
Jump up ^ "In spite of Brooks' law, adding people to a late project remains commonplace" ... "I have evangelized this well-worn software engineering chestnut many times myself, but I no longer think it's true". (McConnell, 1999)
Jump up ^ "The trouble is that there are important exceptions that many people do not take the time to consider when using Brooks' law to justify something". (Berkun, 2006)
Jump up ^ "Implicit in those projects is that it applies only to the final phases of a project. The question is, How do you know whether you're in a project's final phases?" (McConnell, 1999)
Jump up ^ "We have found that adding people to a late project will always increase its cost, but the project may not always be late since there may be sufficient schedule to absorb them and the project may not be at maximum staffing. Only under certain degree of sequential constraints among project tasks will the project be delayed." (Hsia, Hsu, Kung, 1999)
Jump up ^ Late chaotic projects are likely to be much later than the project manager thinks – project completion isn't three weeks away, it's six months away. Go ahead and add staff. You'll have time for them to become productive. Your project will still be later than your plan, but that's not a result of Brooks' law. It's a result of underestimating the project in the first place." (McConnell, 1999)
Jump up ^ "Gordon and Lamb studied Brooks' law and suggested that the best way to recover from a slipping schedule is to add more people than might be expected to be necessary, and to add them early." (Hsia, Hsu, Kung, 1999)
Jump up ^ "The law assumes that all added labour is equal, which is not true. Given the choice of adding a good programmer, who knows the code base and is friends with half the team, I'd consider it." (Berkun, 2006)
Jump up ^ "The sad but popular approach is to throw people in without much explanation and let everyone figure it out for themselves. But if the manager clarifies why Sally and Rupert are joining, and defines good roles for them, with input from the team, they'll be set up to make a smooth transition." (Berkun, 2006)
Jump up ^ Bakal, Martin R.; Althouse, Jennifer; Verma, Paridhi (14 August 2012). "Continuous integration in agile development: How agile methods, continuous integration, and test-driven enhance design and development of complex systems". IBM developerWorks. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Shea, Tom (7 May 1984). "Developers Unveil 'Vaporware'". InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group. 6 (19): 48. ISSN 0199-6649. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
References[edit]
Steve McConnell. "Brooks' Law Repealed," IEEE Software, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 6–8, Nov/Dec, 1999. Also available at the authors website (Brooks's law repealed?).
Pei Hsia, Chih-tung Hsu, David C. Kung. "Brooks's law Revisited: A System Dynamics Approach," compsac, p. 370, Twenty-Third Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, 1999.
R. L. Gordon and J. C. Lamb. "A Close Look at Brooks' Law," Datamation, June 977, pp. 81–86.
Berkun, Scott (January 11, 2006). "Exceptions to Brooks' Law". Retrieved 2008-07-28.
Brooks law Is Applicable To Many Collaborative People Activities
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Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion
North American cover for the Nintendo 3DS version
Developer(s)
Papaya Studio
Publisher(s)
Crave Entertainment (US)
Deep Silver (UK)
Composer(s)
Billy Martin
Platform(s)
Nintendo 3DS, Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
Release
Nintendo 3DS
NA: June 2, 2011
EU: April 20, 2012
AU: 2012
Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
NA: November 15, 2011
EU: May 18, 2012[1]
Genre(s)
Fighting
Mode(s)
Single-player, multiplayer
Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion is a 2011 crossover fighting video game developed by Papaya Studio and published by Crave Entertainment, for the Nintendo 3DS. It features characters from various Cartoon Network animated series battling against one another. The game was released in June 2011 in North America, and in April 2012 in Europe. An upgraded port, Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion XL, was released for home consoles less than a year later.
Contents
[hide]
1 Gameplay
1.1 Characters
2 Plot
3 Home console version
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Gameplay[edit]
Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion is a two-dimensional platform fighting game featuring similar gameplay to the Super Smash Bros. series, with up to four players moving and battling on a 2D plane and trying to knock their opponents out of the arena. Each playable character has a unique set of moves they can use to attack their opponents, performed by pressing a direction in combination with one of the attack buttons. When players strike one another, glowing cubes will fall out of them; collecting these cubes will gradually fill the player's special meter. When full, the player can use their character's "Punch Time Explosion", a powerful attack that can deal heavy damage to multiple opponents. For example, Ben Tennyson turns into Ultimate Humungosaur and launches missiles all over the stage. Players can also use various items that appear randomly on the stage to attack their opponents, including an item that summons one of 19 assist characters (22 in the XL version) to aid the player. In the XL version, playable characters can team up with certain assist characters and do Synergy attacks. For example, Chowder eats a plate of cookies and becomes fat, and Madame Foster rolls him around the stage. Players can choose between 21 different stages for battles (26 in the XL version). Many stages shift between multiple phases as the battle continues, and players may use stage elements in order to take out other players. For example, in the Dexter's Lab stage, players can pull two different levers, with one setting off a conveyor belt and the other firing a deadly laser.
Characters[edit]
Players can choose from eighteen playable characters drawn from eleven Cartoon Network animated series. An additional eight characters were added to the XL version for a total of 26.
Ben 10
Ben Tennyson
Kevin Levina
Vilgax
Young Ben Tennysona
Captain Planet and the Planeteers
Captain Planet
Chowder
Chowder and Kimchee
Codename: Kids Next Door
Father
Numbah One
Toiletnatora
Dexter's Laboratory
Dexter
Monkey
Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends
Mac and Bloo
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
Billy and Mandy
Grim
Hoss Delgadoa
Johnny Bravo
Johnny Bravoa
The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack
Flapjack
Captain K'nuckles
The Powerpuff Girls
Blossom
Bubbles
Buttercup
Hima
Mojo Jojo
Samurai Jack
Akua
Samurai Jack
Scotsmana
^a : XL-exclusive.
Plot[edit]
The Announcer decides to take the day off and watches various Cartoon Network shows. However, he finds an unknown force causing the worlds of each show to be destroyed, with villains jumping between worlds and many heroes becoming corrupted. The Announcer watches the events unfold, beginning with Ben Tennyson traveling to Chowder's world in pursuit of Vilgax. Ben defeats a corrupted Chowder, freeing him from possession, but Vilgax escapes, and Chowder's world is engulfed in static. Chowder and Ben are pulled back to Bellwood, where they are attacked by a corrupted Buttercup. She too is freed, and after a battle with Ultimate Kevin Levin, Ben's world too begins to fade. However, Dexter arrives and rescues them with a dimension capsule before the world is destroyed. The allied heroes then use the capsule to travel between the worlds of many different shows, defeating the displaced villains while freeing the corrupted heroes and recruiting them to their cause before each world can be destroyed.
Having gathered a large team of heroes, the dimension capsule prepares to make one more warp to save the universes, but it spontaneously explodes, leaving the heroes floating in an empty void. The world around them coalesces as the mastermind behind the events is revealed to be the announcer's remote control, which transforms into a sentient giant robot. The remote control traps the heroes and prepares to destroy them, but the group inadvertently summons Captain Planet, who frees them all. The combined heroes defeat the remote control, turning it back to normal. Ben and Dexter reinsert the batteries, restoring all the worlds and returning everyone to their respective homes. The announcer laments that he no longer has a remote and now must stand up and change the channel himself, pondering the idea of getting a lava-man to change the channel for him with a giant lever instead.
Home console version[edit]
On October 3, 2011, Papaya Games announced a home console version of the game, titled Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion XL, which was released for the Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. XL adds eight new playable characters to the roster, four of whom were assist characters in the 3DS version. The port also adds seven new assist characters, five new stages, and additional gameplay modes. An in-game shop allows players to purchase new playable characters, stages, alternate costumes, and clips from the various Cartoon Network shows represented in the game. Alterations were made to the game's story mode to accommodate the new character additions. XL also revised parts of the game's voice acting, with some characters who were not voiced by their original actors on the 3DS version getting new voice clips by their actors from their respective series.
The European release of the game was delayed until nearly a year after the North American release. The game was released on May 18, 2012 in the UK; on June 14, 2012 in France; and on August 22, 2012 in Italy and Spain via the PlayStation Store.[2]
Reception[edit]
Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion received mixed to negative reviews. Jack DeVries of IGN gave the game a rating of 4.5 (bad) and said "the fun comes in very small doses", and felt that "the levels, though aesthetically varied, are basic and boring", criticizing its gameplay and similarity to the Super Smash Bros. games. The game was also criticized for not using many recent Cartoon Network characters and using characters from series that have ended prior to the game's release, with Ben 10: Ultimate Alien being the only ongoing series at the time of release, as well as not using other popular former Cartoon Network characters like Courage the Cowardly Dog and Ed, Edd n Eddy.[3]
The XL version of the game was slightly better received. IGN's Jack DeVries gave the XL version a rating of 5.0 (Mediocre), saying that "Having so many characters in one game is cool, but the story is the laziest way to do it".[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.strategyinformer.com/news/16413/punch-time-explosion-xl-slamming-in-europe-in-april
Jump up ^ http://blog.eu.playstation.com/2012/08/22/heads-up-game-store-update-22nd-august-2012/#more-78735
Jump up ^ http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/07/29/cartoon-network-punch-time-explosion-review
Jump up ^ http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/12/13/cartoon-network-punch-time-explosion-xl-review
External links[edit]
Little Orbit's official page
Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion at IGN
Interview about Punch Time Explosion
[show]
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Samurai Jack
Overview
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Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion
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[show]
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Cartoon Network video games
Released in
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Ben 10: Alien Force
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Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures
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Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends
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The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi: The Genie and the Amp
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The Powerpuff Girls series
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Released in
the 2010s
Adventure Time: Explore the Dungeon Because I Don't Know!
Adventure Time: Finn & Jake Investigations
Adventure Time: Hey Ice King! Why'd You Steal Our Garbage?!!
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Ben 10: Galactic Racing
Ben 10: Omniverse
Ben 10: Omniverse 2
Ben 10 Alien Force: The Rise of Hex
Ben 10 Ultimate Alien: Cosmic Destruction
Cartoon Network: Battle Crashers
Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion
Generator Rex: Agent of Providence
Lego Dimensions
Regular Show: Mordecai and Rigby in 8-Bit Land
Steven Universe: Attack the Light!
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Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom).
Chief of General Staff
(CGS)
Flag of the Chief of the General Staff
Incumbent
General Sir Nick Carter
since 2014
Ministry of Defence
Member of
Defence Council
Army Board
Reports to
Chief of the Defence Staff
Nominator
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointer
Prime Minister
Subject to formal approval by the Queen-in-Council
Term length
Not fixed
Formation
1904, 1964
Chief of the General Staff (CGS) has been the title of the professional head of the British Army since 1964. The CGS is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Army Board. Prior to 1964 the title was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS). Since 1959, the post has been immediately subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff, the post held by the professional head of the British Armed Forces.
The current Chief of the General Staff is General Sir Nick Carter – having succeeded his predecessor, General Sir Peter Wall in September 2014.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Chiefs of the General Staff (1904–1909)
3 Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff, 1909–1964
4 Chiefs of the General Staff (1964–present)
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
Background[edit]
The title was also used for five years between the demise of the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in 1904 and the introduction of Chief of the Imperial General Staff in 1909. The post was then held by General Sir Neville Lyttelton and, briefly, by Field Marshal Sir William Nicholson.
Throughout the existence of the post the Chief of the General Staff has been the First Military Member of the Army Board.[1]
Chiefs of the General Staff (1904–1909)[edit]
Rank
Name
Image
In office
Notes
Reference
General Sir Neville Lyttelton 12 February 1904 – 2 April 1908 First CGS [2]
Field Marshal Sir William Nicholson 2 April 1908 – 22 November 1909 [3]
Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff, 1909–1964[edit]
Rank
Name
Image
In office
Notes
Reference
Field Marshal
Sir William Nicholson
22 November 1909 – 15 March 1912 [4]
Field Marshal
Sir John French
15 March 1912 – 6 April 1914 [5]
General
Sir Charles Douglas
6 April – 25 October 1914 [6]
Lieutenant-General
Sir James Wolfe Murray
October 1914 – 26 September 1915 [7]
General
Sir Archibald Murray
26 September – December 1915 [8]
General
Sir William Robertson
23 December 1915 – February 1918 [9]
Field Marshal
Sir Henry Wilson
19 February 1918 – 19 February 1922 [10]
Field Marshal
Frederick Rudolph Lambart,
10th Earl of Cavan
19 February 1922 – 19 February 1926 [11]
Field Marshal
Sir George Milne
19 February 1926 – 19 February 1933 [12]
Field Marshal
Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd
February 1933 – February 1936 [13]
Field Marshal
Sir Cyril Deverell
February 1936 – 6 December 1937 [14]
General
John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort
6 December 1937 – 3 September 1939 [15]
General
Sir Edmund Ironside
4 September 1939 – 26 May 1940 [16]
Field Marshal
Sir John Dill
26 May 1940 – 25 December 1941 [17]
Field Marshal
Sir Alan Brooke
25 December 1941 – 25 June 1946 [18]
Field Marshal
Sir Bernard Montgomery
26 June 1946 – 1 November 1948 [18][19]
Field Marshal
Sir William Slim
1 November 1948 – 1 November 1952 [20]
Field Marshal
Sir John Harding
1 November 1952 – 29 September 1955 [21]
Field Marshal
Sir Gerald Templer
29 September 1955 – 29 September 1958 [22]
Field Marshal
Sir Francis Festing
29 September 1958 – 1 November 1961 [23]
Field Marshal
Sir Richard Hull
1 November 1961 – April 1964 Last CIGS and first CGS; first Army officer to be
Chief of the Defence Staff, 1965–1967 [24][25][26]
Chiefs of the General Staff (1964–present)[edit]
Rank
Name
Image
Assumed office
Notes
Reference
Field Marshal Sir Richard Hull April 1964 The post of Chief of the Imperial General Staff was renamed Chief of the General Staff in the 1960s
Field Marshal Sir James Cassels 8 February 1965 [25]
Field Marshal Sir Geoffrey Baker 1 March 1968 Master Gunner, St James's Park, 1970–1976; Constable of the Tower of London, 1975–1980 [27][28][29]
Field Marshal Sir Michael Carver 1 April 1971 CDS, 1973–1976 [30][28]
General Sir Peter Hunt 19 July 1973 Constable of the Tower of London, 1980–1985 [31][32]
Field Marshal Sir Roland Gibbs 15 July 1976 Constable of the Tower of London, 1985–1990 [33][34]
Field Marshal Sir Edwin Bramall 14 July 1979 Lord Lieutenant of Greater London, 1986–1998; CDS, 1982–1985 [35][36][37]
Field Marshal Sir John Stanier 1 August 1982 First CGS after World War II not to have served in that war; Constable of the Tower of London, 1990–1996 [32][38][39]
Field Marshal Sir Nigel Bagnall 28 July 1985 [40]
Field Marshal Sir John Chapple 10 September 1988 [41]
Field Marshal Sir Peter Inge 14 February 1992 CDS, 1994–1997; Last CGS to hold the rank of field marshal; Constable of the Tower of London, 1996–2001 [32][42][43]
General Sir Charles Guthrie 15 March 1994 CDS, 1997–2001. Promoted to the honorary rank of field marshal in June 2012.[44] [43][45]
General Sir Roger Wheeler 3 February 1997 Constable of the Tower of London, 2001–2009 [46][47]
General Sir Michael Walker 17 April 2000 Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), 2003–2006
Promoted to the honorary rank of field marshal in the Queen's 2014 Birthday Honours. [48][49][50]
General Sir Mike Jackson 1 February 2003 [51]
General Sir Richard Dannatt 29 August 2006 [52][53]
General Sir David Richards 28 August 2009 Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), 2010–2013 [54][55]
General Sir Peter Wall 15 September 2010 [56]
General Sir Nick Carter 5 September 2014 Incumbent [57]
On 9 May 2018 it was announced that Lieutenant General Mark Carleton-Smith will succeed General Sir Nick Carter as head of the Army in June 2018.[58]
See also[edit]
Chief of the Defence Staff
First Sea Lord / Chief of the Naval Staff
Chief of the Air Staff
Deputy Chief of the General Staff
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Arnold-Foster (1906), p. 481
Jump up ^ "No. 27645". The London Gazette. 12 February 1904. p. 939.
Jump up ^ "No. 28125". The London Gazette. 3 April 1908. p. 2567.
Jump up ^ "No. 28311". The London Gazette. 23 November 1909. p. 8662.
Jump up ^ "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "No. 28819". The London Gazette. 7 April 1914. p. 3002.
Jump up ^ "Sir James Wolfe-Murray". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 2004. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "No. 29353". The London Gazette. 5 November 1915. p. 10912.
Jump up ^ "No. 29426". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1915. p. 120.
Jump up ^ "No. 30559". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 March 1918. p. 2867.
Jump up ^ "No. 32615". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 February 1922. p. 1489.
Jump up ^ "No. 33134". The London Gazette. 19 February 1926. p. 1242.
Jump up ^ Harris, J.P. (2004). "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Heathcote (1999), p. 102
Jump up ^ "No. 34464". The London Gazette. 17 December 1937. p. 7917.
Jump up ^ "Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "No. 34858". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 May 1940. p. 3175.
^ Jump up to: a b Fraser (1997), pp. 174, 485
Jump up ^ Hamilton (1986), pp. 621, 725
Jump up ^ "William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "No. 39689". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 November 1952. p. 5863.
Jump up ^ "No. 40598". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 September 1955. p. 5555.
Jump up ^ "No. 41508". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 September 1958. p. 5954.
Jump up ^ "No. 42503". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 October 1961. p. 7925.
^ Jump up to: a b "No. 43569". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 February 1965. p. 1361.
Jump up ^ "No. 43712". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 July 1965. p. 6717.
Jump up ^ "No. 44539". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 March 1968. p. 2655.
^ Jump up to: a b "No. 45337". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 April 1971. p. 3336.
Jump up ^ "Constable of the Tower of London". Parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "No. 46109". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 October 1973. p. 12551.
Jump up ^ "No. 46046". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 August 1973. p. 9395.
^ Jump up to: a b c "General Sir Richard Dannatt announced as new Constable of the Tower". Historic Royal Palaces. 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Field Marshal Sir Roland Gibbs". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. 2 November 2004. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "No. 46965". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 July 1976. p. 9899.
Jump up ^ "Lord Bramall". parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "No. 49142". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 October 1982. p. 13571.
Jump up ^ "No. 47916". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 July 1979. p. 9695.
Jump up ^ "Field Marshal Sir John Stanie". The Times. Times Newspapers Ltd. 13 November 2007. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "No. 49069". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 August 1982. p. 10134.
Jump up ^ "No. 50226". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 August 1985. p. 11147.
Jump up ^ "No. 51467". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 September 1988. p. 10255.
Jump up ^ "No. 52838". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 February 1992. p. 2789.
^ Jump up to: a b "No. 53645". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 April 1994. p. 5799.
Jump up ^ "Prince Charles awarded highest military ranks by Queen". BBC. 16 June 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "No. 54726". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 April 1997. p. 4170.
Jump up ^ "No. 54668". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 February 1997. p. 1419.
Jump up ^ "No. 56294". The London Gazette. 6 August 2001. p. 1001.
Jump up ^ "No. 55823". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 April 2000. p. 4372.
Jump up ^ "No. 56992". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 July 2003. p. 8463.
Jump up ^ "2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians". Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "No. 56837". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 February 2003. p. 1389.
Jump up ^ "No. 58081". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 August 2006. p. 11754.
Jump up ^ "No. 59144". The London Gazette. 31 July 2009. p. 13209.
Jump up ^ "No. 59177". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 2009. p. 15384.
Jump up ^ "No. 59593". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 November 2010. p. 21039.
Jump up ^ "No. 59550". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 September 2010. p. 18235.
Jump up ^ "No. 60984". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 September 2014. p. 2.
Jump up ^ "Lieutenant General Mark Carleton-Smith appointed new Chief of the General Staff". gov.uk. 2018-05-05. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
Bibliography[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chiefs of the General Staff (United Kingdom).
Arnold-Foster, Hugh Oakeley (1906). The Army in 1906: a Policy and a Vindication. London: John Murray.
Fraser, David (1997). Alanbrooke. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780006388630.
Hamilton, Nigel (1986). Monty: Final Years of the Field Marshal 1944–1976. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070258075.
Heathcote, T. A. (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
[show]
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Chief of the General Staff
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Chiefs of the General Staff
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[show]
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