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Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?
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Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?
First light novel volume cover featuring the characters Bell Cranel (right) and Hestia (left)
ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか
(Danjon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka)
Genre
Fantasy[1][2][3]
Light novel
Written by
Fujino Ōmori
Illustrated by
Suzuhito Yasuda
Published by
SB Creative
English publisher
NA
Yen Press
Demographic
Male
Imprint
GA Bunko
Original run
January 2013 – present
Volumes
13 (List of volumes)
Manga
Written by
Fujino Ōmori
Illustrated by
Kunieda
Published by
Square Enix
English publisher
NA
Yen Press
Demographic
Seinen
Magazine
Young Gangan
Original run
August 2, 2013 – present
Volumes
9 (List of volumes)
Manga
Dungeon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka 4-koma: Kamisama no Nichijō
Written by
Masaya Takamura
Published by
Square Enix
English publisher
NA
Yen Press
Magazine
Gangan Online
Original run
August 14, 2014 – present
Volumes
2 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed by
Yoshiki Yamakawa
Produced by
Nobuhiro Nakayama
Ryūtarō Kawakami
Seiji Miyazaki
Written by
Hideki Shirane
Music by
Keiji Inai
Studio
J.C.Staff
Licensed by
AUS
Hanabee
NA
Sentai Filmworks
UK
Animatsu Entertainment
Original network
Tokyo MX, KBS, TVA, SUN, BS11, AT-X
Original run
April 4, 2015 – June 27, 2015
Episodes
13 + OVA (List of episodes)
Anime film
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?: Arrow of the Orion
Directed by
Katsushi Sakurabi
Written by
Fujino Ōmori
Music by
Keiji Inai
Studio
J.C.Staff
Released
2019 (2019)
Other
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?: Sword Oratoria
Anime and Manga portal
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? (Japanese: ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか, Hepburn: Danjon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka), also known as DanMachi (ダンまち) for short, and with English subtitle Familia Myth,[4] is a Japanese light novel series written by Fujino Ōmori and illustrated by Suzuhito Yasuda. SB Creative has published eleven volumes since January 2013 under their GA Bunko imprint. It has received two manga adaptations as well as an anime television adaptation by J.C.Staff, which aired from April 4 to June 27, 2015. An OVA was released on December 7, 2016. A second anime season and an original anime film adaptation were both announced in February 2018[5].
Additionally, a spin-off light novel series titled Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?: Sword Oratoria began in January 2014, and another spin-off light novel series titled Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?: Familia Chronicle (illustrated by Nilitsu) began in March 2017[6]. Both spinoffs have also received manga adaptations, and a television anime adaptation of Sword Oratoria aired from April 14 to June 30, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
1.1 Setting
1.2 Plot
2 Media
2.1 Light novels
2.1.1 Volume list
2.1.2 Familia Chronicle
2.2 Manga
2.2.1 Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?
2.2.2 Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? 4-koma: Days of Goddess
2.3 Anime
2.3.1 Episode list
2.4 Video games
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Setting[edit]
The story takes place in the fictional city of Orario whose main feature place is the Dungeon (ダンジョン, Danjon) which contains an assortment of monsters from goblins to dragons. Adventurers visit the dungeon to defeat monsters and take their crystal shards, which are used to craft magic items, among other treasures; however, they can also be exchanged for the world's currency. The people of Orario join groups called Familia (ファミリア, Famiria), who serve a range of functions from dungeon crawling to crafting items. Each Familia is named after and serves a resident deity. In a fashion similar to role playing games, the adventurers are grouped into levels, increasing their levels and abilities according to their achievements.[7][8]
Plot[edit]
See also: List of Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? characters
The story follows the exploits of Bell Cranel, a 15-year-old solo adventurer under the goddess Hestia. As the only member of the Hestia Familia, he works hard every day in the dungeon to make ends meet while seeking to improve himself. He looks up to Ais Wallenstein, a famous and powerful swordswoman who once saved his life, and with whom he fell in love. He is unaware that several other girls, deities and mortals alike, also develop affections towards him; most notably Hestia herself, as he also gains allies and improves himself with each new challenge he faces.
Media[edit]
Light novels[edit]
Fujino Ōmori wrote the story under the title Familia Myth as his entry for the 4th GA Bunko Award, where he won the Great Prize and received an offer for publication.[9] The first light novel volume was published on January 15, 2013, by SB Creative under their GA Bunko imprint.[10] As of October 14, 2016, eleven volumes have been published.[11] The series has estimated sales of over 1,500,000 copies.[12] Yen Press has licensed the series in North America and released the first volume under the Yen On imprint in December 2014.[13][14] The light novel ranked at No. 4 in 2014 in Takarajimasha's annual light novel guide book Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!.[15]
Volume list[edit]
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN
1
January 15, 2013[10] ISBN 978-4-7973-7280-9 December 16, 2014[16] ISBN 978-0-316-33915-5
2
February 15, 2013[17] ISBN 978-4-7973-7307-3 April 21, 2015[18] ISBN 978-0-316-34014-4
3
May 15, 2013[19] ISBN 978-4-7973-7362-2 August 18, 2015[20] ISBN 978-0-316-34015-1
4
December 14, 2013[21] ISBN 978-4-7973-7514-5 December 15, 2015[22] ISBN 978-0-316-34016-8
5
May 15, 2014[23] ISBN 978-4-7973-7714-9 April 19, 2016[24] ISBN 978-0-316-31479-4
6
November 14, 2014[25] ISBN 978-4-7973-8058-3 August 23, 2016[26] ISBN 978-0-316-39416-1
7
April 14, 2015[27] ISBN 978-4-7973-8311-9 December 13, 2016[28] ISBN 978-0-316-39417-8
8
June 13, 2015[11] ISBN 978-4-7973-8314-0 April 18, 2017[29] ISBN 978-0-316-39418-5
9
September 12, 2015[30] ISBN 978-4-7973-8500-7 September 19, 2017[31] ISBN 978-0-316-56264-5
10
May 14, 2016[32] ISBN 978-4-7973-8677-6 December 12, 2017[33] ISBN 978-0-316-44245-9
11
October 14, 2016[34] ISBN 978-4-7973-8812-1 June 12, 2018[35] ISBN 978-0-316-44247-3
12
May 24, 2017[36] ISBN 978-4-7973-9280-7 October 30, 2018 ISBN 978-1-975-35478-7
13
February 14, 2018[37] ISBN 978-4-7973-9356-9 — —
Familia Chronicle[edit]
The Familia Chronicle light novels are a series of side stories that go more in-depth on characters that do not get as much attention in the main storylines of Danmachi and Sword Oratoria.
No.
Title
Japanese release
English release
1
Episode Lyu
Episode Ryu (Episodeリュー) March 15, 2017[38]
ISBN 978-4-7973-9080-3 June 26, 2018[39]
ISBN 978-0-316-44825-3
Manga[edit]
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? [edit]
A manga adaptation with art by Kunieda began serialization in Square Enix's seinen manga magazine Young Gangan from August 2, 2013.[4] It has been collected in seven tankōbon volumes.[40][41] Yen Press announced at their New York Comic Con 2014 panel the rights to publish the manga in North America.[42]
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN
1
December 13, 2013[43] ISBN 978-4-7575-4166-5 May 19, 2015[44] ISBN 978-0-316-30217-3
"World, Reality, and Desire" (世界と現実と憧憬, "Sekai to Genjitsu to Dōkei")
"That's why I Run" (だから僕は走る, "Dakara Boku wa Hashiru")
"Night Before Awakening" (覚醒前夜, "Kakusei Zen'ya")
"That's why I Want to Help" (だから僕は力になりたい, "Dakara Boku wa Chikara ni Naritai")
"The Goddess's Prank" (女柚のいたずら, "On'na Yuzu no Itazura")
"Monsterphilia Begins" (怪物祭開幕, "Kaibutsu-sai Kaimaku")
"The fair, the Date, the Search" (祭りとデー卜と人捜し, "Matsuri to Dētā to Hito Sagashi")
2
May 14, 2014[45] ISBN 978-4-7575-4304-1 August 18, 2015[46] ISBN 978-0-316-34591-0
"The Goddess's Favor" (女神の寵愛, "Megami no Choai")
"The Courage it Takes" (ありつたけの男気, "Aritsu Take no Otokogi")
"Family" (家旅, "Tatabi")
"The Divine Knife" (神様のナイフ, "Kamisama no Naifu")
"Bump of Chicken" (パンプ.オブ.チキン, "Panpu. Obu. Chikin")
"Roar" (雄たけび, "Otakebi")
"A Chance Meeting" (出会い, "Deai")
3
November 13, 2014[47] ISBN 978-4-7575-4464-2 November 17, 2015[48] ISBN 978-0-316-35207-9
"A Shopping Mishap??" (お買い物は災いのもと??, "O Kaimono wa Wazawai no Moto??")
"The Supporter's Situation" (サポーターのお仕事事情, "Sapōtā no Oshigoto Jijō")
"A Thief's Dungeon Trap" (迷宮に潜む罠?, "Meikyū ni Hisomu Wana?")
"Fiasco and Miscalculation" (大失態と大誤算, "Dai Shittai to Dai Gosan")
"A Big Misunderstanding!?" (大いなる勘違い!?, "Ōinaru Kanchigai!?")
"Jealousy, Joy, and a Bath??" (嫉妬と歓喜と入浴??, "Shitto to Kanki to Nyūyoku?")
"Calm Before the Storm!?" (嵐の前の静けさ!?, "Arashi no Mae no Shizukesa!?")
"Reckless!?" (油断大敵!?, "Yudantaiteki!?")
4
March 25, 2015[49] ISBN 978-4-7575-4592-2 February 23, 2016[50] ISBN 978-0-316-27000-7
"Manifestation" (発現, "Hatsugen")
"Magic Summons That?" (魔法はアレを喚ぶ?, "Mahō wa Are o Yobu?")
"Divine Wine" (神洒, "Kami 洒")
"Level 10" (10階層, "10 Kaisō")
"Betrayal?" (裏切り?, "Uragiri?")
"Death" (死, "Shi")
"Trust" (信頼, "Shinrai")
"Restart" (リスタート, "Risutotā")
5
June 25, 2015[51] ISBN 978-4-7575-4673-8 May 24, 2016[52] ISBN 978-0-316-27225-4
"The Boy and the Sword Princess" (少年と剣姫, "Shōnen to Kenki")
"Training with the Sword Princess" (剣姫の特訓, "Kenki no Tokkun")
"The Scheme Commences" (策謀の始まり, "Sakubō no Hajimari")
"Party Play" (パーティプレイ, "Pātīpurei")
"Surging Crusade" (聖戦勃発, "Seisen Boppatsu")
"Assault" (強襲, "Kyōshū")
"To New Heights" (高みへ, "Takami e")
6
March 25, 2016[53] ISBN 978-4-7575-4925-8 November 22, 2016[54] ISBN 978-0-316-55260-8
"Fear" (恐怖, "Kyōfu")
"A Premonition?" (虫の知らせ??, "Mushi no Shirase?")
"Affinity" (因縁, "In'nen")
"The Making of a Hero" (英雄たるもの, "Eiyūtaru Mono")
"The Brink of Despair" (絶望の果て, "Zetsubō no Hate")
"Awakening" (覚醒, "Kakusei")
"Argonaut" (英雄願望, "Eiyū Ganbō")
"Resolution" (決着, "Ketchaku")
"Adventurers" (冒険者, "Bōken-sha")
"The Secret Connection Between Leveling Up and a Conference of Deities" (ランクアップと神会の密接な関係, "Ranku Appu to Kami-kai no Missetsuna Kankei")
7
October 13, 2016[55] ISBN 978-4-7575-5120-6 July 18, 2017[56] ISBN 978-0-316-43978-7
"The Deities Convene" (神会開幕, "Kami-kai Kaimaku")
"Primed for a New Encounter" (出会いの呼び水, "Deai no Yobimizu")
"Deeper Connections" (加わる関係, "Kuwawaru Kankei")
"Benefits of Leveling Up" (レベルアップの恩恵, "Reberuappu no Onkei")
"The Smith's Skills" (鍛冶師の腕前, "Tan'ya-shi no Udemae")
"Ignition" (発動, "Hatsudō")
"Truth" (真実, "Shinjitsu")
"Fiery Passion" (熱き想い, "Atsuki Omoi")
"A New Conquest" (新たな進撃, "Aratana Shingeki")
"Signs of Things to Come" (予兆の前触れ, "Yochō no Maebure")
8
March 23, 2017[57] ISBN 978-4-7575-5287-6 November 14, 2017[58] ISBN 978-0-316-41190-5
縺れの予感 ("Motsure no Yokan")
怪物進呈 ("Kaibutsu Shintei")
決断と提案 ("Ketsudan to Teian")
神々の決断 ("Kamigami no Ketsudan")
疾風参戦 ("Hayate Sansen")
出立の刻 ("Shuttatsu no Koku")
再びの対峙 ("Futatabi no Taiji")
英雄乱舞 ("Eiyū Ranbu")
決死 ("Kesshi")
たどり着いた場 ("Tadoritsuita Ba")
9
September 25, 2017[59] ISBN 978-4-7575-5368-2 May 22, 2018[60] ISBN 978-1-975-32651-7
10
June 25, 2018[61] ISBN 978-4-7575-5763-5 — —
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? 4-koma: Days of Goddess [edit]
A four-panel manga series titled Dungeon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka 4-koma: Kamisama no Nichijō (ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか4コマ【神様の日常】) by Masaya Takamura began serialization in Square Enix's online manga magazine Gangan Online from August 14, 2014.
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN
1
May 15, 2015[62] ISBN 978-4-7575-4639-4 March 20, 2018[63] ISBN 978-0-3164-8013-0
2
May 23, 2017[64] ISBN 978-4-7575-5356-9 September 18, 2018[65] ISBN 978-1-9753-8227-8
Anime[edit]
An anime television series adaptation by J.C.Staff began airing the broadcast night of April 3, 2015.[66] The opening theme is "Hey World" by Yuka Iguchi, and the ending theme is "Right Light Rise" by Kanon Wakeshima.[67] Crunchyroll has streamed the series internationally.[68] Sentai Filmworks has licensed the anime for digital and home video release in North America with an English dub slated to be released in March 2017.[69][70] An original video animation was released on December 7, 2016.[71][72]
A second season of the anime and an original film adaptation titled Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?: Arrow of the Orion (劇場版 ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか ー オリオンの矢 ー, Danjon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka ー Orion no Ya ー) were announced on February 18, 2018, during the GA Bunko 2018 Happyō Stage at Wonder Festival.[73] The film will be directed by Katsushi Sakurabi written by Fujino Ōmori, with animation by J.C.Staff and music by Keiji Inai. The film is slated to screen on Japanese cinemas in 2019.[74]
Episode list[edit]
No.
Title[75]
Original air date[76]
1
"Adventurer (Bell Cranel)"
"Bōkensha (Beru·Kuraneru)" (冒険者(ベル・クラネル)) April 4, 2015
Gods who created the Universe descended from Heaven to live among humans on the condition they swore to never again use their godly powers. The Gods only remaining power is the Blessing, which they grant to humans to level up their powers (Similar to how characters level up in video games). These humans, known as Familia, become that God's family. Bell Cranel, the only member of the Goddess Hestia's Familia, is almost killed by a Minotaur. He is saved by Aiz Wallenstein, a high-level adventurer and member of the Familia of the Goddess Loki, and falls in love with her. Hestia realises he has gained the magical skill Realis Phrase, which will raise his level rapidly based on the strength of his feelings as he fights, but decides to keep it secret as it makes him very valuable and other Gods may try to acquire him. The next day, after more adventuring, Bell's stats rise dramatically. Bell plans on talking to Aiz but he overhears another Familia talking about how he embarrassed himself fighting the Minotaur. Realising how pathetic he must seem compared to Aiz, he runs off and absentmindedly enters the dungeon. To let off some steam, he desperately slays as many monsters as he can and returns to Hestia in the morning, beaten and bleeding.
2
"Monster Festival (Monsterphilia)"
"Kaibutsu-sai (Monsutāfiria)" (怪物祭(モンスターフィリア)) April 11, 2015
Hestia continues to keep Learis Freese secret from Bell, passing off his improvement as the result of hard work, and announces she will be gone for several days. Hestia seeks out the God of Smiths, Hephaistos and begs her to forge a weapon for Bell. After hours of grovelling in the Dogeza position Hestia convinces Hephaistos to forge a weapon, on condition Hestia pays for it no matter how many centuries it takes. Hephaistos forge an enchanted Tantō for Bell. Bell is asked by the maids of the Hostess of Fertility Pub to return a purse to Syr, a waitress with a crush on Bell, who got so excited about the festival she forgot it. An unnamed Goddess contacts Loki trying to locate a Familia she intends on acquiring, the description of whom matches Bell perfectly. Hestia locates Bell and insists they go on a romantic date. The unnamed Goddess releases a captured albino gorilla monster, ordering it to capture Bell. It corners Hestia and Bell, who attacks it with his original knife only for it to shatter. Desperate to protect Hestia he locks her on the other side of a metal gate and prepares to fight the gorilla unarmed.
3
"The Blade of a God (Hestia Knife)"
"Kamisama no Yaiba (Hesutia·Naifu)" (神様の刃(ヘスティア・ナイフ)) April 18, 2015
Flashbacks show how Bell decided to become an adventurer after his grandfather was killed by a monster, eventually meeting Hestia and becoming her Familia. The God Ganesha, whose arena the gorilla was freed from orders it recaptured before it harms innocent people, even asking other Familia for help. Hestia eventually finds her way back to Bell and they flee the Gorilla together. Hestia gives Bell the Tanto she names the Hestia Knife, a living weapon enchanted to grow more powerful the stronger Bell becomes. As Bell holds the weapon for the first time his stat level rises dramatically and he kills the Gorilla in a matter of seconds. His deed is witnessed by dozens of people, including Ais, who smiles before walking away. Hestia suddenly faints with the unknown Goddess who released the Gorilla watching, implying it was her doing. As Hestia recovers Bell realises the Hestia Knife was forged by Hephaistos, meaning it was incredibly expensive and he swears to keep having faith in Hestia. Meanwhile, in the dungeon Adventurer Ged Raish is shown mistreating a young girl named Liliruca Arde, forcing her to carry his equipment and threatening to let monsters kill her if she disappoints him.
4
"The Weak (Supporter)"
"Jakusha (Sapōtā)" (弱者(サポーター)) April 25, 2015
Bell decides to enter more dangerous levels of the dungeon. Guild advisor Eina Tulle first insists they buy him better armour. Bell becomes flustered when Eina turns up dressed for a date. Bell comes across Hestia working to pay her debt to Hephaistos. Hestia becomes jealous of Eina. Bell purchases armour made by a blacksmith he has never heard of. Eina gives him extra wrist armour. Bell saves Liliruca from Ged, but she disappears. Liliruca reappears, revealing herself to be a shape shifter, and offers her services as a supporter only to then steal the Hestia Knife. She attempts to sell it but finds that when separated from Bell it becomes blunt and worthless. She is spotted carrying the knife by Ryuu Lion, a waitress from Hostess of Fertility. Liliruca runs away and bumps into Bell. With his knife returned and unaware Liliruca had tried to steal it Bell splits the money they earned evenly with her, shocking her as all her previous partners had paid her almost nothing. Ais is seen in the dungeon preparing to fight a powerful monster while the unknown Goddess, revealed to be Freya, watches Bell. Hestia is devastated when she sees Bell with Liliruca.
5
"Magic Book (Grimoire)"
"Madōsho (Gurimoa)" (魔導書(グリモア)) May 2, 2015
Bell offers to take Hestia to dinner. Ecstatic at the thought of going on a date with Bell Hestia goes to a public bath and brags to the Goddess Demeter. As she arrives for their date she finds that Demeter has spread the gossip far and wide and Bell is mobbed by multiple Goddesses eager to meet Hestia’s very first “boyfriend”. As a result they spend most of the day avoiding detection. Liliruca has the money Bell gave her taken by members of her Souma Familia and becomes determined to steal Bell’s knife, though she becomes even more confused as Bell continues to treat her kindly. After reading a book on magic he borrowed from Syr, Bell learns the Firebolt spell. He rushes to the dungeon to test his new ability but being unfamiliar with magic he overexerts himself into unconsciousness. Ais finds him and puts his head in her lap until he wakes up. Once he does he flees, having embarrassed himself in front of her again. While looking for Liliruca Bell refuses an offer from Ged to make a profit by stealing the money Liliruca had managed to save for herself by hiding it from the Souma Familia.
6
"Reason (Liliruca Arde)"
"Riyū (ririruka· āde)" (理由(リリルカ・アーデ)) May 9, 2015
After her parents died Liliruca was forced to become a supporter until she came to hate all adventurers. The Loki Familia discover that the Souma Familia have ceased worshipping their god and begun brewing a powerful wine so addictive other adventurers hand over their entire fortunes for a taste. Ais, who is attracted to Bell, has been depressed since he ran away from her again. Eina, suspicious of Liliruca, asks Ais for a favour. In the dungeon Liliruca tricks Bell into fighting powerful monsters and steals his knife again. She is caught by Ged who is suddenly betrayed by the Souma Familia. Ged is killed and Liliruca is forced to surrender her bank key before being left to be killed by monster ants. Bell suddenly appears and saves her. Ais had hidden in thick fog to kill the monsters attacking Bell without him seeing her. Liliruca cries and admits to every time she cheated or stole from him. Despite this, Bell forgives her and they form a true partnership. Ais, who believes she scared Bell into running away, is mad at herself for forgetting to apologise to him. She finds a piece of his armour he lost during the fight.
7
"Sword Princess (Ais Wallenstein)"
"Kenki (Aizu·Varenshutain)" (剣姫（アイズ・ヴァレンシュタイン）) May 16, 2015
Now with Liliruca as his partner for good, Bell finally has a proper meeting with Ais and starts training under her, much to Hestia's jealousy when she finds out.
8
"Wanting To Be A Hero (Argonaut)"
"Eiyū ganbō (arugonōto)" (英雄願望(アルゴノゥト)) May 23, 2015
After finishing his training with Ais, Bell is attacked by a powerful minotaur but instead of running away, he decides to confront the beast by himself in order to buy time for Lily to get away. Ais arrived later to help him but was refused by Bell who wishes to become stronger.
9
"Blacksmith (Welf Crozzo)"
"Tan'ya-shi (verufu· kurozzo)" (鍛冶師(ヴェルフ・クロッゾ)) May 30, 2015
Bell's victory against the Minotaur earns him quite the reputation among the other adventures for being the quickest adventurer who gets to level 2 overtaking Ais Wallenstein's record. He later befriends Welf Crozzo, a young blacksmith who is also a level 2 adventurer who wishes to join his party.
10
"Procession of Monsters (Pass Parade)"
"Kaibutsu shintei (pasu· parēdo)" (怪物進呈(パス・パレード)) June 6, 2015
Just when Bell's new party start exploring the intermediate floors of the dungeon, they was forced into a dire situation when a party used them as decoy to escape from monster train. Ended up missing, Hestia assembles a rescue party to search for them.
11
"Labyrinth Utopia (Under Resort)"
"Meikyū no rakuen (andārizōto)" (迷宮の楽園(アンダーリゾート)) June 13, 2015
With their last ounces of strength, Bell and friends reach the safe area in the eighteenth floor, where they are rescued and treated by Ais and her guild, who are returning to the surface after finishing their expedition. Hestia arrives later and reunite with him.
12
"Malice (Show)"
"Akui (shō)" (悪意(ショー)) June 20, 2015
Bell and the others prepare themselves to return to the surface when a group of rogue adventurers, envious of Bell's fame, kidnap Hestia in order to set a trap for him.
13
"The Story of a Familia (Familia Myth)"
"Kenzoku no monogatari (Famiria· mīsu)" (眷族の物語(ファミリア・ミィス)) June 27, 2015
A powerful monster appears in the 18th floor without warning, leading Bell and the other adventurers to fight for their lives against it.
OVA
"Is It Wrong to Expect a Hot Spring in a Dungeon?"
"Danjon ni Onsen o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka?" (ダンジョンに温泉を求めるのは間違っているだろうか) December 7, 2016
On ther way back from the 18th floor, Hestia, Bell and the others accidentally uncover a hidden, mystical hot spring, and they decide to stop by to refresh themselves until creatures lurking in the dark appear to attack them.
Video games[edit]
5pb. announced that they are developing a "dungeon action RPG" based on the light novels. The platforms have yet to be announced.[77]
DanMachi: MEMORIA FREESE is a role-playing mobile game for the iOS and Android platforms, released in Japan in 2017 and worldwide in 2018.[78] The game sold over 3 million copies in its first month, and has about 35 million registered users and more than 1 million subscribers as of March 2018.[79] The game's earnings are 40% higher in the United States than in Japan.[80]
Reception[edit]
The novels had over 9 million copies in print as of January 2018.[81]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://manga.tokyo/otaku-articles/10-anime-like-is-it-wrong-to-try-to-pick-up-girls-in-a-dungeon/
Jump up ^ http://www.anime-expo.org/2017/05/26/fujino-omori-creator-wrong-try-pick-girls-dungeon-joins-ax-2017/
Jump up ^ http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2018/02/18/is-it-wrong-to-try-to-pick-up-girls-in-a-dungeon-tv-anime-returns-for-2nd-season
^ Jump up to: a b "ラノベ「ダンまち」マンガ連載＆ヒロユキ「マンアシ2」始動". Natalie.mu. August 2, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "DanMachi Season 2 Announced And Anime Movie Reveals More Details". Gojinshi. Gojinshi. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか ファミリアクロニクル episodeリュー". SB Creative. SB Creative Corp. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Is it Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? volume 1
Jump up ^ Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon anime, episode 1
Jump up ^ 第4回ＧＡ文庫大賞 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 8 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "TVアニメ「ダンまち」公式サイト". TVアニメ「ダンまち」公式サイト. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Yen Press Adds A Certain Magical Index Light Novels". Anime News Network. April 19, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "IS IT WRONG TO TRY AND PICK UP GIRLS IN A DUNGEON story by Fujino Omori, illustration by Suzuhito Yasuda". Yen Press. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi! 2014 (in Japanese). Takarajimasha. November 20, 2013. ISBN 978-4-8002-1954-1.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 1". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 2 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 2". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 3 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 3". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 4 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 4". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 5 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 5". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 6 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 6". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 7 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 7". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 8". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 9 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 9". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 10 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 10 (light novel) - Yen Press". www.hachettebookgroup.com. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls In a Dungeon Volume 11 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 11 (light novel)". www.amazon.ca. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls In a Dungeon Volume 12 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls In a Dungeon Volume 13 (in Japanese). SB Creative. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか ファミリアクロニクル Episodeリュー [Is It Wrong to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Familia Chronicle, Episode Ryu]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Familia Chronicle, Vol. 1 (Light Novel) Episode Lyu". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか (1) (ヤングガンガンコミックス) (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか (7) (ヤングガンガンコミックス) . Retrieved November 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New York Comic-Con Recap!". Yen Press. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 1巻 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 1 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 2巻 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 2 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 3巻 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 3 (manga)". Hachette Book Group (in Japanese). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 4巻 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 4 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 5巻 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 5 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 6巻 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved April 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 6 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 7 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 7 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 8 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 8 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 9 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 9 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか 10 . Square Enix (in Japanese). Retrieved June 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか4コマ【神様の日常】 (ヤングガンガンコミックス)" (in Japanese). Amazon Japan. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong To Try To Pick Up Girls In A Dungeon? Four-Panel Comic: Days Of Goddess". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか4コマ【神様の非日常】 (ヤングガンガンコミックス)" (in Japanese). Amazon Japan. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong To Try To Pick Up Girls In A Dungeon? Four-Panel Comic: Odd Days Of Goddess". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Anime's April Date, More Cast Unveiled". Anime News Network. December 27, 2014. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Anime's 2nd Promo Previews Opening Theme". Anime News Network. March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Crunchyroll to Stream Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sentai Filmworks Adds Pleiades, Re-Kan, SNAFU Too, Hello! KinMoza, UtaPri Season 3, Is it Wrong to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon and Food Wars". Anime News Network. April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Complete Collection". Sentai Filmworks. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?' Light Novels Get New Original Video Anime". Anime News Network. February 21, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?' OVA Slated for December 7". Anime News Network. August 10, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?' Anime Gets 2nd Season, Film Project (Updated)". Anime News Network. February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Loo, Egan (June 9, 2018). "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Film's Teaser Reveals Additional Cast, Staff, 2019 Opening". Anime News Network. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Crunchyroll - Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Full episodes streaming online for free". Crunchyroll. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "オンエアー｜TVアニメ「ダンまち」公式サイト". TVアニメ「ダンまち」公式サイト. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "5pb. announces Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? dungeon action RPG". Gematsu. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "DanMachi: Memoria Freese Smartphone Game's English Version Removes 'Touching' Feature". Anime News Network. April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Crunchyroll launches Memoria Freese, its first anime-based mobile game". VentureBeat. March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Mochizuki, Takashi (May 28, 2018). "New Japanese Videogames Are Winning Over American Players". Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2018/01/14/is-it-wrong-to-try-to-pick-up-girls-in-a-dungeon-franchise-teases-new-project
External links[edit]
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Bloodstain pattern analysis
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Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA), one of several specialties in the field of forensic science, involves the study and analysis of bloodstains at a known or suspected violent crime scene with the goal of helping investigators draw conclusions about the nature, timing and other details of the crime.
The use of bloodstains as evidence is not new; however, the application of modern science has brought it to a higher level since the 1970s and '80s. New technologies, especially advances in DNA analysis, are available for detectives and criminologists to use in solving crimes and apprehending offenders.
The science of bloodstain pattern analysis applies scientific knowledge from other fields to solve practical problems. Bloodstain pattern analysis draws on the scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. If an analyst follows a scientific process, this applied science can produce strong, solid evidence, making it an effective tool for investigators, although care does need to be taken when relying on bloodstain pattern analysis in criminal cases. A report released by The National Academy of Sciences calls for more standardization within the field. The report highlights the ability of blood spatter analysts to overstate their qualifications and the reliability of their methods in the court room.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Blood
2.1 Biological considerations
2.2 Chemical considerations
2.3 Physical considerations
3 Blood spatter flight characteristics
4 Determining angles of impact
4.1 Angles of impact
5 Point and area of convergence
6 Area of origin
7 Photography
8 Reliability
9 In popular culture
10 References
11 Additional sources
12 External links
History[edit]
Bloodstain pattern analysis has been used informally for centuries, but the first modern study of blood stains was in 1895. Dr. Eduard Piotrowski of the University of Kraków published a paper titled "On the formation, form, direction, and spreading of blood stains after blunt trauma to the head."[2][3] A number of publications describing various aspects of blood stains were published, but his publication did not lead to a systematic analysis. LeMoyne Snyder's widely used book Homicide Investigation (first published in 1941 and updated occasionally through at least the 1970s) also briefly mentioned details that later bloodstain experts would expand upon (e.g., that blood dries at a relatively predictable rate; that arterial blood is a brighter red color than other blood; that bloodstains tend to fall in certain patterns based on the motion of an attacker and victim).[4]
The second modern origin of the study of bloodstain pattern analysis is the Sam Sheppard case in 1954, when the wife of an osteopathic physician was beaten to death in her home. Further growth of interest and use of the significance of bloodstain evidence is a direct result of the scientific research and practical applications of bloodstain theory by Herbert Leon MacDonell of Corning, New York. His research resulted in his publication of the first modern treatise on bloodstain analysis, entitled "Flight Characteristics and Stain Patterns of Human Blood" (1971).
The first formal bloodstain training course was given by MacDonnel in 1973 in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1983, the International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts was founded by a group of blood stain analysts to help develop the emerging field of bloodstain pattern analysis.[3]
Blood[edit]
Blood is a tissue that is circulated within the body to assist other parts of the body. This connective tissue has specialized cells that allow it to carry out its complex functions. For a healthy person, approximately 8% of their total weight is blood. For a 70 kg (154 lb.) individual, this equates to 5.6 L (12 US pints).
Biological considerations[edit]
Blood contains three components or blood cells that are suspended within plasma. The three components are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and trombocytes.
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are transporters. The role of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen. To do this, they contain great quantities of hemoglobin, which carry oxygen molecules and give blood its distinct red colour. Blood that has passed through the heart and been oxygenated (oxygenated blood travels through the arteries) tends to have a brighter shade of red as opposed to blood that is returning to the heart (in the veins). There are about 30 trillion erythrocytes circulating in the human blood at any given time.
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are the body's defenders. The role of leukocytes is to defend against harmful bacteria, viruses and microorganisms. There are five different types of leukocytes. They all have different sizes, shapes, structures, and functions. Leukocytes fight infection and disease. There are about 430 billion leukocytes circulating in the human blood at any given time (~1 per 700 erythrocytes). Pus is made up of leukocytes left in an affected area during and after fighting harmful substances or organisms that infect the body.
Platelets are formed in the bone marrow. These particular blood cells contain cytoplasm and are enclosed by a membrane, but do not have a nucleus. They play a major role in hemostasis (control of bleeding) by plugging up a breach in a vessel. They are important for forming blood clots. If a person has an abnormally low platelet count, a condition known as thrombocytopenia, blood clots more slowly.
Plasma is the yellowish fluid that carries the erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. It is composed of water (92%), proteins (7%), and other materials such as salts, waste, and hormones, among others. Many of these proteins are clotting factors, which are important along with platelets for forming blood clots; clotting factor deficiencies can cause prolonged and excessive bleeding, a condition called hemophilia. Plasma makes up about 55% of blood. The remaining 45% is the blood cells. Because plasma is less dense than the blood cells, it can be easily separated. Plasma does not separate from blood cells whilst circulating in the bloodstream because it is in a constant state of agitation.
Chemical considerations[edit]
Upon exiting the body, bloodstains transit from bright red to dark brown, which is attributed to oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) to methemoglobin (met-Hb) and hemichrome (HC). The fractions of HbO2, met-Hb and HC in a bloodstain can be used for age determination of bloodstains and can be measured by Reflectance Spectroscopy 1.
In vivo hemoglobin molecules are mainly present in two forms: one without oxygen, de-oxyhemoglobin (Hb) and one saturated with oxygen, oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), both have iron in the Fe2+ state. HbO2 can auto-oxidize into met-Hb, which contains iron in the Fe3+ state. Met-Hb is incapable of binding oxygen. When met-Hb is formed in vivo it will be reduced back to Hb by reductase protein cytochrome b5, resulting in a small part (<1%) of met-Hb in a healthy in vivo situation.
Outside the body hemoglobin saturates completely with oxygen in the ambient environment to HbO2. Due to a decreasing availability of cytochrome b5, necessary for reduction of met-Hb, the transition of HbO2 into met-Hb will, in contrast to inside the body, no longer be reversed. Once hemoglobin is autooxidized to met-Hb it will denature to hemichrome (HC), which is formed by an internal conformation change to the heme group.
Physical considerations[edit]
In physics there are two continuous physical states of matter, solid and fluid. Once blood has left the body it behaves as a fluid and all physical laws apply.
Gravity acts on blood (without the body's influence) as soon as it exits the body. Given the right circumstances blood can act according to ballistic theory.
Viscosity is the amount of internal friction in the fluid. It describes the resistance of a liquid to flow.
Surface tension is the force that maintains the shape of a drop of liquid, such as blood. When two fluids are in contact with each other (blood and air) there are forces attracting all molecules to each other.
Blood spatter flight characteristics[edit]
Experiments with blood have shown that a drop of blood tends to form into a sphere in flight rather than the artistic teardrop shape. This is what one would expect of a fluid in freefall. The formation of the sphere is a result of surface tension that binds the molecules together.
This spherical shape of blood in flight is important for the calculation of the angle of impact (incidence) of blood spatter when it hits a surface. That angle will be used to determine the point from which the blood originated which is called the Point of Origin or more appropriately the Area of Origin.
A single spatter of blood is not enough to determine the Area of Origin at a crime scene. The determination of the angles of impact and placement of the Area of Origin should be based on the consideration of a number of stains and preferably stains from opposite sides of the pattern to create the means to triangulate.
Determining angles of impact[edit]
As mentioned earlier, a blood droplet in freefall has the shape of an oscillating sphere. Should the droplet strike a surface and a well-formed stain is produced, an analyst can determine the angle at which this droplet struck the surface. This is based on the relationship between the length of the major axis, minor axis, and the angle of impact.
A well-formed stain is in the shape of an ellipse (see figure 1). Dr. Victor Balthazard, and later Dr. Herbert Leon MacDonell, realized that the width-length ratio of the ellipse is the sine of the impact angle. Accurate measurement of the stain thus allows easy calculation of the impact angle.
Fig. 1 Upward moving bloodstain showing proper ellipse placement.
Fig. 2 Angles of Impact
Angles of impact[edit]
Because of the three-dimensional aspect of trajectories there are three angles of impact:
alpha (α), the impact angle of the bloodstain path moving out from the surface (see figure 2 with alpha at the top by the stain).
beta (β), the angle of the bloodstain path pivoting about the vertical (z) axis (see figure 2 with beta extended to the floor).
gamma (γ), the angle of the bloodstain path measured from the true vertical (plumb) of the surface (see figure 2 showing plumb line and extended angle from stain).
All three angles are related through the following trigonometric equations:
sin  α = ( w l ) {\displaystyle \sin \alpha =\left({\frac {w}{l}}\right)}
tan  β = tan  α sin  γ {\displaystyle \tan \beta ={\frac {\tan \alpha }{\sin \gamma }}}
where
l {\displaystyle \mathbf {l} } = length of ellipse (major axis)
w {\displaystyle \mathbf {w} } = width of ellipse (minor axis)
Accurately measuring the stain and calculating the angle of impact requires due diligence of the analyst. In the past analysts have used a variety of instruments. Methods currently used include:
Viewing loupe with an embedded scale in 0.2 mm increments or better that is placed over the stain. The analyst then uses a scientific calculator or spreadsheet to complete the angle calculations.
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) software that superimposes an ellipse over a scaled close-up image of an individual bloodstain, then automatically calculates the angles of impact.
Using BPA software such as HemoSpat produces a very accurate result that is measurable and reproducible.
Point and area of convergence[edit]
To determine the point/area of convergence an analyst has to determine the path the blood droplets travelled. The tangential flight path of individual droplets can be determined by using the angle of impact and the offset angle of the resulting bloodstain. “Stringing” stains is a method of visualizing this. For the purpose of the point of convergence, only the top view of the flight paths is required. Note that this is a two-dimensional (2D) and not a three-dimensional (3D) intersection.
The point of convergence is the intersection of two bloodstain paths, where the stains come from opposite sides of the impact pattern. (see figure 3)
The area of convergence is the box formed by the intersection of several stains from opposite sides of the impact pattern. (see figure 4)
In the past, some analysts have drawn lines along the major axes of the stains and brought them to an area of convergence on the wall. Instead of using a top-down view, they used a front view. This provides a false point/area of convergence.
Fig. 3 Point of convergence
Fig. 4 Area of convergence
Area of origin[edit]
The area of origin is the area in three-dimensional space where the blood source was located at the time of the bloodletting incident. The area of origin includes the area of convergence with a third dimension in the z direction. Since the z-axis is perpendicular to the floor, the area of origin has three dimensions and is a volume The term point of origin has also been accepted to mean the same thing. However, it has been argued, there are problems associated to this term. First, a blood source is not a point source. To produce a point source the mechanism would have to be fixed in three-dimensional space and have an aperture where only a single blood droplet is released at a time, with enough energy to create a pattern. This does not seem likely. Second, bodies are dynamic. Aside from the victim physically moving, skin is elastic and bones break. Once a force is applied to the body there will be an equal and opposite reaction to the force applied by the aggressor (Newton's third law of motion). Part of the force will move the blood source, even a millimetre, and change the origin while it is still producing blood. So the source becomes contained in a three-dimensional volume, or region.
As with the area of convergence, the area of origin is easily calculated by using BPA software. There are other longer, mathematical methods of determining the area or origin, one of which is the tangential method.
IABPA definition:
Point (Area) of Origin - The common point (area) in three-dimensional space to which the trajectories of several blood drops can be retraced. (see figure 5)
Fig. 5 Area of origin (blue area representing a volume in 3D space)
Once the angle of impact and the point and or area of convergence are identified, there are techniques that can be used to find where the bloodshed most likely occurred. The most basic and longest applied technique is the string method. A blood spatter analyst positions their protractor at the location of the blood stain and projects a string at the angle of impact in the direction of the point or area of convergence. This will predict a general origin of the blood loss. Another technique applicable is the trigonometric method, which is fairly similar to the string method. Since we know the point of convergence, we can measure the distance from the blood stain to that point. With this measurement along with the angle of impact, we can use basic trigonometric rules to solve for where in space the origin of blood shed is. By taking the tangent of the angle of impact and multiplying by the distance from the point of convergence, we can find the approximate height of the origin.[5]
Photography[edit]
Main article: Forensic photography
Crime scene photography has some unique requirements. When there is a bloodletting scene, the basics are still required but special attention must be given to the bloodstains. The current means of documenting the scene include 35 mm (B&W, colour, and specialty film), digital cameras, and video (Hi-8, DV, and other formats). Each method has its pros and cons. Often the scene is documented using multiple methods. (Videography has been included here because it follows the same principles and provides crime scene images.)
There are three types of crime scene photos:
Overall – wide-angle images (28–35 mm range) that capture the scene as it is. This type of image provides anyone who has not been in the scene a good overall layout.
Mid-range – images taken with a normal lens (45–55 mm range) give greater detail than the overall shots. In the case of a bloodletting scene, the mid-range image could capture a single bloodstain pattern.
Close-up – images taken with a macro lens giving the greatest amount of detail. For example, a medium velocity impact pattern can contain thousands of individual stains where there is a preponderance of small stains (1–3 mm in diameter) some of which require individual images.
Many times an analyst cannot attend a bloodletting scene, and must work from the crime scene images and notes of the person who attended. An appropriate sized scale should be in overall, mid-range, and close-up images. For overall images the scales should be parallel and perpendicular to the floor. This provides the analyst, and anyone else who looks at the images, a proper perspective on what they are observing. (Note: in some cases overall and mid-range images are taken with and without a scale.)
Reliability[edit]
While bloodstain pattern analysis has a solid foundation in science and can be a useful tool for investigators, the reliability of courtroom testimony by bloodstain pattern analysts has come under fire in recent years. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the bloodstain pattern analyst has appropriate credentials and training as well as uses appropriate methods. Even with proper training and methods, there are still many times where reputable analysts disagree on their findings, which calls into question the reliability of their conclusions and its value as evidence in court.[1]
In the criminal case against David Camm, who was tried three times for the murder of his family largely on the basis of blood spatter evidence, both prosecution and the defense used expert bloodstain pattern analysts to interpret the source of the approximately 8 drops of blood on his shirt. The prosecution's experts included Tom Bevel and Rod Englert, who testified that the stains were high velocity impact spatter. Paul Kish, Barton Epstein, Paulette Sutton, Barrie Goetz and Stuart H. James testified for the defense that the stains were transferred from his shirt brushing against his daughter's hair.[6] Dr. Robert Shaler, Founding Director of the Penn State Forensic Science Program, decried blood spatter analysis as unreliable in the Camm case. "The problem in this case is the number of stains are minimal," he said. "I think you're really on the edge of reliability." All of the blood spatter analysts involved in the case are "experts" in the traditional sense. The problem is "We have two opinions in this case. That, in essence, is a 50 percent error rate." An unacceptable level of reliability in a court case when the perception of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt is what is required.[7]
Further complicating matters was the testimony of Rob Stites. Stites testified for the prosecution that he was an expert blood spatter analyst. It was later uncovered that he had no training and his credentials were fabrications by the prosecutor. His testimony that the blood on Camm's shirt was high velocity impact spatter aided in the conviction of David Camm. Dr. Shaler pointed out that one limitation of blood spatter analysis testimony is that "you do not have the supporting underlying science" to back up your conclusions. When Stites testified, the jury had no way of knowing that he was not the expert that he purported to be. Even among the expert witnesses, it is unknown which set of experts interpreted the stains accurately as there is no objective way of determining which bloodstain pattern analyst has applied the science correctly.[8]
Other times, bloodstain patterns from different causes can mimic each other. In the 2008 trial of Travis Stay for the murder of Joel Lovelien, prosecution witness Terry Laber testified that the blood spatter on Stay's clothing came from blows to Lovelien during a fist fight. After a review of the evidence by Paul Kish, another bloodstain pattern analyst, Laber reviewed the report submitted by Kish and revised his findings to include the possibility that the blood came from expiration by Lovelien.[9]
There is very little empirical evidence to support the use of blood spatter analysis in court or any other aspect of the legal system. Like many other forms of forensic science bloodstain analysis rests on the analyst interpreting ambiguity. This ambiguity can contribute to various forms of bias. For example, confirmation bias is the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions or favoured theory and to steer clear of the information that may disagree with those preconceptions. When an analyst has theories or preconceptions entering a crime scene, it may unintentionally influence how they interpret they blood stain. In addition, there are often no guidelines when they interpret a crime scene, and there often involves a use of discretion of the analyst. Because of these reasons, the validity of bloodstain analysis is likely not as high as many believe.
In popular culture[edit]
Sam Tyler, the time-travelling detective in episode 3 of the Emmy Award-winning BBC TV series Life on Mars, asks his colleague Chris Skelton to make a blood pattern analysis, quickly realizing by his puzzled expression that in 1973 such techniques are not known.
Serial killer Dexter Morgan of the Dexter novels and Showtime series is a blood spatter analyst for the fictitious Miami Metro Police Department.
Julie Finlay is a blood spatter analyst on the CBS series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Moore, Solomon (February 4, 2009). "Science found wanting in nation's crime labs". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Eduard Piotrowski, Ueber Entstehung, Form, Richtung und Ausbreitung der Blutspuren nach Hiebwunden des Kopfes [On the formation, form, direction, and spreading of blood stains after blunt trauma to the head] (Vienna, Austria: 1895).
^ Jump up to: a b Brodbeck, Silke (2012). "Introduction to bloodstain pattern analysis" (PDF). Journal for Police Science and Practice. 2: 51–57. doi:10.7396/IE_2012_E.
Jump up ^ Snyder, LeMoyne (1971). Homicide Investigation: Practical Information for Coroners, Police Officers, and Other Investigators. Charles C. Thompson Publishers, 3rd Edition
Jump up ^ James, Stuart (2005). Principles of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Theory and Practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Jump up ^ Kozarovich, Lisa Hurt. "Blood Spatter Evidence Not an exact Science". News and Tribune. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Kircher, Travis. "David Camm blogsite: Our own little experiment". WDRB. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kircher, Travis. "David Camm blogsite: Uncle Sam". WDRB. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ ingersoll, archie (December 23, 2008). "Jury finds Princeton man not guilty of murder". The Grand Forks Herald.
Additional sources[edit]
Bevel, Tom; Gardner, Ross M. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis With an Introduction to Crimescene Reconstruction, 3rd Ed. CRC Press 2008
James, Stuart H.; Kish, Paul Erwin; Sutton, T. Paulette (2005). Principles of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (3rd, illustrated, revised ed.). Taylor and Francis/CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2014-3. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
Hueske, Edward E., Shooting Incident Investigation/Reconstruction Training Manual, 2002
IABPA (International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts). Suggested IABPA Terminology List. Retrieved October 2005 from: http://www.iabpa.org/Terminology.pdf
IABPA (International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts). Suggested IABPA Terminology List. Retrieved October 2005 from: http://www.iabpa.org/RevEduc.pdf
Bremmer et al., Biphasic Oxidation of Oxyhemoglobin in Bloodstains. PLoS ONE 2011. http://plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021845
James, Stuart H, Eckert, William G. Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime Scenes, 2nd Edition, CRC Press 1999.
Neitzel, G. Paul, Smith, Marc. The Fluid Dynamics of Droplet Impact on Inclined Surfaces with Application to Forensic Blood Spatter Analysis. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, 2017.
Solomon, Berg, Martin, & Villee. Biology, 3rd edition. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 1993.
Sutton, Paulette T., Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation, Short Course Manual, University of Tennessee, Memphis TN 1998
Vennard, John King. Elementary fluid mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982.
External links[edit]
FBI Laboratory Scientific Working Group on Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (SWGSTAIN)
International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA)
Association for Crime Scene Reconstruction
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Terminology - SWGSTAIN terminology with examples
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Research - database of BPA-related research articles
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Kamboj
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kamboj
Regions with significant populations
India • Pakistan
Languages
Punjabi • Dogri • Hindi • Urdu
Religion
Hinduism • Islam • Sikhism
Related ethnic groups
Muslim Kamboh
The Kamboj (Urdu: کمبوہ ALA-LC: Kamboh, Punjabi: ਕੰਬੋ Kamboj), also Kamboh, is a community mainly in the Northern India and eastern Pakistan.
Contents
[hide]
1 During Mughal rule
2 Claims
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
During Mughal rule[edit]
During the early years of Islam in India, one of the groups of this clan embraced Islam at the instance of Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya Suhrawardi (of Multan) and his son Shaikh Sadruddin.[1]
Some Kamboj, such as Shahbaz Khan Kamboh,[1] occupied key military and civil positions during the Turkic and the Moghul reign in northern India.[2] The historian M. Athar Ali said that "The Sayyids and the Kambohs among the Indian Muslims were specially favoured for high military and civil positions during Moghul rule".[3]
Muhammad Umar writes:
The (Muslim) Kamboh distinguished themselves by their courage, generosity and high spirits. They were famous for their excellent manners and were particularly gifted with wisdom and nobility....In terms of social stratification, the Kambohs were counted among the Shaikhs ... Among the Indian Muslims, the Kambohs were regarded as the noblest of all. However, perhaps with a view to maintaining the purity of their descent, or because of pride of nobility, they confined their matrimonial relationships within their own groups and did not establish marriage connections with other Muslim groups including even the Saiyids and the Mughals. Some members of this clan like Shahbaz Khan Kamboh, Nawab Abu Muhammad Khan, Bahadur Khan and Nawab Khair Andesh Khan rose to high positions during the reign of Mughals.[1]
Claims[edit]
Kambojs claim to be related to the Rajputs. They came in the period of the Mahabharata to the regions where they live now.[4]
Numerous foreign and Indian writers have described the modern Sikh Kambojs as some of the best agriculturists of India.[5]
See also[edit]
Kambojas
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Muslim Society in Northern India During the Eighteenth Century, 1998, pp 24, 25 Muhammad Umar
Jump up ^ See: The composition of the Mughal nobility, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 1993, p 70, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., Robert McHenry; See also: Concise Encyclopædia Britannica, Online.
Jump up ^ Ali, M. Athar (2001) [1966]. The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19565-599-5.
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Sikh Religion & Culture, 1997, p 24, Gobind Singh Mansukhani, Romesh Chander Dogra.
Jump up ^ India and World War 1, 1978, p 218, DeWitt C. Ellinwood, S. D. Pradhan; The Transformation of Sikh Society, 1974, p 132, Ethne K. Marenco
External links[edit]
Look up Kamboj in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Kamboj Society - Who are these Kamboj people?
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamboj&oldid=824826494"
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Four unities
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The four unities is a concept in the common law of real property describing conditions that must exist in order for certain kinds of property interests to be created. Specifically, these four unities must be met in order for two or more people to own property as joint tenants with right of survivorship, or for a married couple to own property as tenants by the entirety. Some jurisdictions may require additional unities.
Contents
[hide]
1 The four unities
2 A fifth unity
3 A sixth unity
4 References
The four unities[edit]
Unity of time
Interest must be acquired by both tenants at the same time.
In common law, the "time" requirement could be satisfied only by using a "straw man" to create a joint tenancy. The party creating the joint tenancy would have to convey title to a straw man, who would then transfer title to the two parties as joint tenants.
Unity of title
The interests held by the co-owners must arise out of the same instrument.[1]
Unity of interest
Both tenants must have the same interest in the property.
This means that the joint tenants must have the same type of interest, and the interest must run for the same duration. For example, if X and Y create a joint tenancy, both X and Y's interests must be in fee simple absolute. If, for example, X has a fee simple absolute and Y has a life estate, there is no unity of interest.
Unity of possession
Both tenants must have the right to possess the whole property.
If any of the four unities is broken and it is not a joint tenancy, the ownership reverts to a tenancy in common.
The unique aspect of a joint tenancy is that as the joint tenancy owners die, their shares accrue to the surviving owner(s) so that, eventually, the entire share is held by one person.
A fifth unity[edit]
Unity of marriage
In order for there to be a tenancy by the entirety this fifth unity must be present. Marriage combined with the preceding four unities creates a tenancy by the entirety. A tenancy by the entirety gives rise to certain legal rights, such as rights of survivors, when one spouse is deceased that interest automatically passes to the surviving spouse.
A sixth unity[edit]
Unity of unison
In order for the parties to be united, they must be in unison. This has been criticised by the Law Commission in their 283rd report, entitled 'Unity in Leaseholds'.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Re Murdoch and Barry (1976), 10 O.R. (2d) 626 (H.C.J.).

This legal term article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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