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List of laser types
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An immense slab of "continuous melt" processed neodymium doped laser glass for use on the National Ignition Facility.
This is a list of laser types, their operational wavelengths, and their applications. Thousands of kinds of laser are known, but most of them are used only for specialised research
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Gas lasers
3 Chemical lasers
4 Dye lasers
5 Metal-vapor lasers
6 Solid-state lasers
7 Semiconductor laser
8 Other types of lasers
9 See also
10 Notes
11 Further references
Overview[edit]
Wavelengths of commercially available lasers. Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details). Most of the data comes from Weber's book Handbook of laser wavelengths,[1] with newer data in particular for the semiconductor lasers.
Gas lasers[edit]
Main article: Gas laser
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Helium–neon laser 632.8 nm (543.5 nm, 593.9 nm, 611.8 nm, 1.1523 μm, 1.52 μm, 3.3913 μm) Electrical discharge Interferometry, holography, spectroscopy, barcode scanning, alignment, optical demonstrations.
Argon laser 454.6 nm, 488.0 nm, 514.5 nm (351 nm, 363.8, 457.9 nm, 465.8 nm, 476.5 nm, 472.7 nm, 528.7 nm, also frequency doubled to provide 244 nm, 257 nm) Electrical discharge Retinal phototherapy (for diabetes), lithography, confocal microscopy, spectroscopy pumping other lasers.
Krypton laser 416 nm, 530.9 nm, 568.2 nm, 647.1 nm, 676.4 nm, 752.5 nm, 799.3 nm Electrical discharge Scientific research, mixed with argon to create "white-light" lasers, light shows.
Xenon ion laser Many lines throughout visible spectrum extending into the UV and IR. Electrical discharge Scientific research.
Nitrogen laser 337.1 nm Electrical discharge Pumping of dye lasers, measuring air pollution, scientific research. Nitrogen lasers can operate superradiantly (without a resonator cavity). Amateur laser construction. See TEA laser
Carbon dioxide laser 10.6 μm, (9.4 μm) Transverse (high power) or longitudinal (low power) electrical discharge Material processing (cutting, welding, etc.), surgery, dental laser, military lasers.
Carbon monoxide laser 2.6 to 4 μm, 4.8 to 8.3 μm Electrical discharge Material processing (engraving, welding, etc.), photoacoustic spectroscopy.
Excimer laser 193 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 353 nm (XeF) Excimer recombination via electrical discharge Ultraviolet lithography for semiconductor manufacturing, laser surgery, LASIK.
Chemical lasers[edit]
Main article: Chemical laser
Used as directed-energy weapons.
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Hydrogen fluoride laser 2.7 to 2.9 μm for Hydrogen fluoride (<80% Atmospheric transmittance) Chemical reaction in a burning jet of ethylene and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) Used in research for laser weaponry, operated in continuous wave mode, can have power in the megawatt range.
Deuterium fluoride laser ~3800 nm (3.6 to 4.2 μm) (~90% Atm. transmittance) chemical reaction US military laser prototypes.
COIL (Chemical oxygen–iodine laser) 1.315 μm (<70% Atmospheric transmittance) Chemical reaction in a jet of singlet delta oxygen and iodine Military lasers, scientific and materials research. Can operate in continuous wave mode, with power in the megawatt range.
Agil (All gas-phase iodine laser) 1.315 μm (<70% Atmospheric transmittance) Chemical reaction of chlorine atoms with gaseous hydrazoic acid, resulting in excited molecules of nitrogen chloride, which then pass their energy to the iodine atoms. Scientific, weaponry, aerospace.
Dye lasers[edit]
Main article: Dye laser
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Dye lasers 390-435 nm (stilbene), 460-515 nm (coumarin 102), 570-640 nm (rhodamine 6G), many others Other laser, flashlamp Research, laser medicine,[2] spectroscopy, birthmark removal, isotope separation. The tuning range of the laser depends on which dye is used.
Metal-vapor lasers[edit]
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Helium–cadmium (HeCd) metal-vapor laser 325 nm, 441.563 nm Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. Printing and typesetting applications, fluorescence excitation examination (i.e. in U.S. paper currency printing), scientific research.
Helium–mercury (HeHg) metal-vapor laser 567 nm, 615 nm Rare, scientific research, amateur laser construction.
Helium–selenium (HeSe) metal-vapor laser up to 24 wavelengths between red and UV Rare, scientific research, amateur laser construction.
Helium–silver (HeAg) metal-vapor laser[3] 224.3 nm Scientific research
Strontium Vapor Laser 430.5 nm Scientific research
Neon–copper (NeCu) metal-vapor laser[3] 248.6 nm Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with neon buffer gas. Scientific research
Copper vapor laser 510.6 nm, 578.2 nm Electrical discharge Dermatological uses, high speed photography, pump for dye lasers.
Gold vapor laser 627 nm Rare, dermatological and photodynamic therapy uses.[4]
Manganese (Mn/MnCl2) vapor laser 534.1 nm Pulsed electric discharge Optics Communications. 51 (6): 387. 1987. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Solid-state lasers[edit]
Main article: Solid-state laser
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Ruby laser 694.3 nm Flashlamp Holography, tattoo removal. The first type of visible light laser invented; May 1960.
Nd:YAG laser 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) Flashlamp, laser diode Material processing, rangefinding, laser target designation, surgery, tattoo removal, hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with frequency doubling to produce a green 532 nm beam). One of the most common high power lasers. Usually pulsed (down to fractions of a nanosecond), dental laser
NdCrYAG laser 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) solar radiation Experimental production of nanopowders.[5]
Er:YAG laser 2.94 μm Flashlamp, laser diode Periodontal scaling, Dental laser, Skin Resurfacing
Neodymium YLF (Nd:YLF) solid-state laser 1.047 and 1.053 μm Flashlamp, laser diode Mostly used for pulsed pumping of certain types of pulsed Ti:sapphire lasers, combined with frequency doubling.
Neodymium doped Yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) laser 1.064 μm laser diode Mostly used for continuous pumping of mode-locked Ti:sapphire or dye lasers, in combination with frequency doubling. Also used pulsed for marking and micromachining. A frequency doubled nd:YVO4 laser is also the normal way of making a green laser pointer.
Neodymium doped yttrium calcium oxoborate Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3 or simply Nd:YCOB ~1.060 μm (~530 nm at second harmonic) laser diode Nd:YCOB is a so-called "self-frequency doubling" or SFD laser material which is both capable of lasing and which has nonlinear characteristics suitable for second harmonic generation. Such materials have the potential to simplify the design of high brightness green lasers.
Neodymium glass (Nd:Glass) laser ~1.062 μm (Silicate glasses), ~1.054 μm (Phosphate glasses) Flashlamp, laser diode Used in extremely high power (terawatt scale), high energy (megajoules) multiple beam systems for inertial confinement fusion. Nd:Glass lasers are usually frequency tripled to the third harmonic at 351 nm in laser fusion devices.
Titanium sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser 650-1100 nm Other laser Spectroscopy, LIDAR, research. This material is often used in highly-tunable mode-locked infrared lasers to produce ultrashort pulses and in amplifier lasers to produce ultrashort and ultra-intense pulses.
Thulium YAG (Tm:YAG) laser 2.0 μm Laser diode LIDAR.
Ytterbium YAG (Yb:YAG) laser 1.03 μm Laser diode, flashlamp Optical refrigeration, materials processing, ultrashort pulse research, multiphoton microscopy, LIDAR.
Ytterbium:2O3 (glass or ceramics) laser 1.03 μm Laser diode ultrashort pulse research, [6]
Ytterbium doped glass laser (rod, plate/chip, and fiber) 1. μm Laser diode. Fiber version is capable of producing several-kilowatt continuous power, having ~70-80% optical-to-optical and ~25% electrical-to-optical efficiency. Material processing: cutting, welding, marking; nonlinear fiber optics: broadband fiber-nonlinearity based sources, pump for fiber Raman lasers; distributed Raman amplification pump for telecommunications.
Holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser 2.1 μm Laser diode Tissue ablation, kidney stone removal, dentistry.
Chromium ZnSe (Cr:ZnSe) laser 2.2 - 2.8 μm Other laser (Tm fiber) MWIR laser radar, countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles etc.
Cerium doped lithium strontium (or calcium) aluminum fluoride (Ce:LiSAF, Ce:LiCAF) ~280 to 316 nm Frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser pumped, excimer laser pumped, copper vapor laser pumped. Remote atmospheric sensing, LIDAR, optics research.
Promethium 147 doped phosphate glass (147Pm+3:Glass) solid-state laser 933 nm, 1098 nm ?? Laser material is radioactive. Once demonstrated in use at LLNL in 1987, room temperature 4 level lasing in 147Pm doped into a lead-indium-phosphate glass étalon.
Chromium doped chrysoberyl (alexandrite) laser Typically tuned in the range of 700 to 820 nm Flashlamp, laser diode, mercury arc (for CW mode operation) Dermatological uses, LIDAR, laser machining.
Erbium doped and erbium–ytterbium codoped glass lasers 1.53-1.56 μm Laser diode These are made in rod, plate/chip, and optical fiber form. Erbium doped fibers are commonly used as optical amplifiers for telecommunications.
Trivalent uranium doped calcium fluoride (U:CaF2) solid-state laser 2.5 μm Flashlamp First 4-level solid state laser (November 1960) developed by Peter Sorokin and Mirek Stevenson at IBM research labs, second laser invented overall (after Maiman's ruby laser), liquid helium cooled, unused today. [1]
Divalent samarium doped calcium fluoride (Sm:CaF2) laser 708.5 nm Flashlamp Also invented by Peter Sorokin and Mirek Stevenson at IBM research labs, early 1961. Liquid helium cooled, unused today. [2]
F-Center laser. 2.3-3.3 μm Ion laser Spectroscopy
Semiconductor laser[edit]
Main article: Laser diode
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Semiconductor laser diode (general information) 0.4-20 μm, depending on active region material. Electrical current Telecommunications, holography, printing, weapons, machining, welding, pump sources for other lasers, high beam headlights for automobiles.[7]
GaN 0.4 μm Optical discs. 405 nm is used in Blu-ray Discs reading/recording.
InGaN 0.4 - 0.5 μm Home projector, primary light source for some recent small projectors
AlGaInP, AlGaAs 0.63-0.9 μm Optical discs, laser pointers, data communications. 780 nm Compact Disc, 650 nm general DVD player and 635 nm DVD for Authoring recorder laser are the most common lasers type in the world. Solid-state laser pumping, machining, medical.
InGaAsP 1.0-2.1 μm Telecommunications, solid-state laser pumping, machining, medical..
lead salt 3-20 μm
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) 850–1500 nm, depending on material Telecommunications
Quantum cascade laser Mid-infrared to far-infrared. Research, Future applications may include collision-avoidance radar, industrial-process control and medical diagnostics such as breath analyzers.
Hybrid silicon laser Mid-infrared Low cost silicon integrated optical communications
Other types of lasers[edit]
Laser gain medium and type
Operation wavelength(s)
Pump source
Applications and notes
Free electron laser A broad wavelength range (0.1 nm - several mm); a single free electron laser may be tunable over a wavelength range relativistic electron beam Atmospheric research, material science, medical applications.
Gas dynamic laser Several lines around 10.5 μm; other frequencies may be possible with different gas mixtures Spin state population inversion in carbon dioxide molecules caused by supersonic adiabatic expansion of mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide Military applications; can operate in CW mode at several megawatts optical power. Manufacturing and Heavy Industry.
"Nickel-like" Samarium laser[8] X-rays at 7.3 nm wavelength Lasing in ultra-hot samarium plasma formed by double pulse terawatt scale irradiation fluences. Sub–10 nm X-ray laser, possible applications in high resolution microscopy and holography.
Raman laser, uses inelastic stimulated Raman scattering in a nonlinear media, mostly fiber, for amplification 1-2 μm for fiber version Other laser, mostly Yb-glass fiber lasers Complete 1-2 μm wavelength coverage; distributed optical signal amplification for telecommunications; optical solitons generation and amplification
Nuclear pumped laser See gas lasers, soft x-ray Nuclear fission: reactor, nuclear bomb Research, weapons program.
See also[edit]
Laser construction
List of laser articles
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Weber, Marvin J. (1999). Handbook of laser wavelengths. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-3508-6.
Jump up ^ Costela, A.; et al. (2009). "Medical applications of dye lasers". In Duarte, F. J. Tunable Laser Applications (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Storrie-Lombardia, M. C.; et al. (2001). "Hollow cathode ion lasers for deep ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging". Review of Scientific Instruments. 72 (12): 4452. Bibcode:2001RScI...72.4452S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.527.8836  . doi:10.1063/1.1369627.
Jump up ^ Goldman, L. (1990). "Dye lasers in medicine". In Duarte, F. J.; Hillman, L. W. Dye Laser Principles. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-222700-4.
Jump up ^ Sh. D. Payziyeva; S. A. Bakhramov; A. K. Kasimov (2011). "Transformation of concentrated sunlight into laser radiation on small parabolic concentrators". Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 3 (5): 053102. doi:10.1063/1.3643267.
Jump up ^ M. Tokurakawa; K. Takaichi; A. Shirakawa; K. Ueda; H. Yagi; T. Yanagitani; A. A. Kaminskii (2007). "Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser". Applied Physics Letters. 90 (7): 071101. Bibcode:2007ApPhL..90g1101T. doi:10.1063/1.2476385.
Jump up ^ BMW, Audi will introduce laser headlamps this year, Automotive News Europe, 7 January 2014, David Sedgwick
Jump up ^ J. Zhang*, A. G. MacPhee, J. Lin; et al. (16 May 1997). "A Saturated X-ray Laser Beam at 7 Nanometers". Science. 276: 1097–1100. doi:10.1126/science.276.5315.1097. Retrieved 31 October 2013. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Further references[edit]
Silfvast, William T. Laser fundamentals, Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-83345-0
Weber, Marvin J. Handbook of laser wavelengths, CRC Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8493-3508-6
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Blaze of Glory (Jon Bon Jovi song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Blaze of Glory"
Single by Jon Bon Jovi
from the album Blaze of Glory
B-side
"Blood Money"
Released
July 21, 1990
Format
CD single
Recorded
1990
Genre
Hard rock
Length
5:35
Label
Vertigo
Songwriter(s)
Jon Bon Jovi
Producer(s)
Danny Kortchmar
Jon Bon Jovi
Jon Bon Jovi singles chronology
"'Blaze of Glory'"
(1990) "Miracle"
(1990)
"Blaze of Glory"
(1990) "Miracle"
(1990)
"Blaze of Glory"
30 second sample of "Blaze of Glory (Theme from Young Guns II)" by Jon Bon Jovi
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Blaze of Glory" is a debut solo single by Jon Bon Jovi which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the Mainstream rock chart in 1990,[1] his only chart-topper away from his band Bon Jovi. The song also reached No. 1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart.[2] "Blaze of Glory" also topped the ARIA music chart in Australia for a total of six weeks, and reached No. 13 on the UK Singles Chart.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Appearances
3 Charts and certifications
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
3.3 Sales and certifications
4 Awards
5 Cover Versions
6 References
History[edit]
The song was allegedly recorded by Jon Bon Jovi because Emilio Estevez requested Bon Jovi's song "Wanted Dead or Alive" for the soundtrack to Young Guns II, but Bon Jovi did not think the lyrics about the band constantly touring, fit the theme of the Western movie. However, the request inspired him to write "Blaze of Glory" with lyrics more topical to the film.
The song features a music video and remains a crowd favorite with Bon Jovi fans, despite the fact that the song was not released as one of the band's singles, and only by Jon. The track is notable for the performance of Jeff Beck on guitar.
Appearances[edit]
It first appeared in the motion picture Young Guns II, for which it was originally recorded. It later appeared as the title track on his solo album Blaze of Glory. Next, it appeared on Cross Road, Bon Jovi's greatest hits album. It appeared on Bon Jovi's live DVD Live From London and their 2010 Greatest Hits album.
The song was sung by Phil Stacey on American Idol in 2007 and by Caitlyn Shadbolt on The X Factor Australia in 2014.
In October 2005, "Blaze of Glory" was voted as "Best Song to Ride a Horse to in Slow Motion" by Blender Magazine.
The song is referenced in the 2008 romantic comedy My Best Friend's Girl, where Jason Biggs' character is told by a babysitter he has been "Shot down.... in a blaze of glory" after insulting the woman he was about to go out on a date with.
In 2009, the song became the theme song for Storm Chasers season 3.
The song, as performed by Jeffster!, was featured in the third season finale of the NBC television series Chuck.
Blaze of Glory was covered by 2010 X Factor Australia winner Altiyan Childs for his self-titled debut album.
It was also featured in the It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia episode "Mac & Charlie Die (Part One)", where Mac and Charlie play the song on the car radio right before staging their deaths.
The lyrics to the song were also featured in the horror game Silent Hill 2, on the back of a letter written by James Sunderland's dead wife Mary.
In a mission where the Protoss make the final stand in the widely popular video-game Starcraft 2, the player can unlock the 'Blaze of Glory' achievement if he manages to kill 2250 Zerg before the last Protoss unit falls.
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1990)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[4]
1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[5]
2
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6]
21
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)[7]
13
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[8]
1
Finland (Suomen musiikkilistoilla)[9]
2
Germany (Official German Charts)[10]
16
Ireland (IRMA)[11]
3
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[12]
18
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[13]
16
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[14]
1
Norway (VG-lista)[15]
3
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[16]
3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[17]
5
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[18]
13
US Billboard Hot 100[19]
1
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[20]
1
US Cash Box[21]
1
Chart (2007)
Peak
position
US Digital Songs (Billboard)[22]
45
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1990)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[23]
20
Germany (Official German Charts)[24]
87
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[25]
4
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[26]
22
US Billboard Hot 100[27]
10
US Cash Box[28]
5
Sales and certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[29]
Platinum 70,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[30]
Gold 5,000*
United States (RIAA)[31]
Platinum 1,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1991 Academy Awards Best Original Song Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Original Song Won
Grammy Award Best Male Rock Vocal Performance Nominated
Best Song Written for Visual Media Nominated
MTV Video Music Award Best Male Video Nominated
Best Video from a Film Nominated
Cover Versions[edit]
In 2017 Lydia Lunch & Cypress Grove covered the song on their album Under The Covers. [32]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Allmusic (Jon Bon Jovi charts & awards) Billboard singles".
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 8th Edition (Billboard Publications), page 73.
Jump up ^ UK Singles Chart info Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Radio2 top 30: 8 september 1990" (in Dutch). Top 30. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles – September 29, 1990". RPM. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sisältää hitin - Finnish Chart Archive > Jon Bon Jovi". Suomenlistalevyt / Timo Pennanen. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Blaze of Glory". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Jon Bon Jovi search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". VG-lista. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". Singles Top 100. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jon Bon Jovi: Artist Chart History" Official Charts Company. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jon Bon Jovi – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Jon Bon Jovi. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jon Bon Jovi – Chart history" Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs for Jon Bon Jovi. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Pop Singles – Week ending SEPTEMBER 8, 1990". Cash Box magazine. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jon Bon Jovi – Chart history" Billboard Digital Songs for Jon Bon Jovi. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts - End Of Year Charts - Top 50 Singles 1990". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top Selling Singles of 1990". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Swiss Year-End Charts 1990". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1990". longboredsurfer.com. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1990 – TOP 50 POP SINGLES (As published in the December 29, 1990, issue)". Cash Box magazine. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Accreditation Awards". Australian Fun Countdowns. April 7, 2011. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". Recorded Music NZ.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Under The Covers CD | Rustblade – Label and Distribution". Rustblade. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
Preceded by
"If Wishes Came True" by Sweet Sensation Billboard Hot 100 number one single
September 8, 1990 Succeeded by
"Release Me" by Wilson Phillips
Preceded by
"Epic" by Faith No More Australian ARIA Singles Chart number-one single
September 15, 1990 - October 27, 1990 Succeeded by
"Bust a Move" by Young MC
[show]
v
t
e
Jon Bon Jovi
Discography
Awards and nominations
Studio albums
Blaze of Glory
Destination Anywhere
Compilations
The Power Station Years: The Unreleased Recordings
Singles
"Blaze of Glory"
"Miracle"
"Never Say Die"
"Levon"
"Please Come Home for Christmas"
"Midnight in Chelsea"
"Queen of New Orleans"
"Janie, Don't Take Your Love to Town"
"Ugly"
Featured singles
"Bang a Drum"
"Everybody Hurts"
Tours
Destination Anywhere Tour
Related articles
Bon Jovi
Bon Jovi discography
[show]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song (1990s)
"Blaze of Glory" Music & Lyrics by Jon Bon Jovi (1990)
"Beauty and the Beast" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by Alan Menken (1991)
"A Whole New World" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Alan Menken (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" Music & Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Elton John (1994)
"Colors of the Wind" Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, Music by Alan Menken (1995)
"You Must Love Me" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On" Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings, Music by James Horner (1997)
"The Prayer" Music & Lyrics by David Foster, Tony Renis, Carole Bayer Sager, Alberto Testa (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart" Music & Lyrics by Phil Collins (1999)
Complete List
(1960s)
(1970s)
(1980s)
(1990s)
(2000s)
(2010s)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blaze_of_Glory_(Jon_Bon_Jovi_song)&oldid=795047890"
Categories:
1990 singles
Jon Bon Jovi songs
Songs written for films
Best Original Song Golden Globe winning songs
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Billboard Mainstream Rock number-one singles
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in New Zealand
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Hard rock songs
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Big Little Lies (novel)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the 2014 novel. For the TV series based on it, see Big Little Lies (miniseries).
Big Little Lies
Author
Liane Moriarty
Published
2014
Publisher
Penguin Publishing
ISBN
978-0-399-16706-5
Big Little Lies is a 2014 novel written by Liane Moriarty. It was published in July 2014 by Penguin Publishing.[1] The novel made the New York Times Best Seller list.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Writing
3 Reception
4 Television adaptation
5 References
Synopsis[edit]
Jane, a single mother, is on her way to Pirriwee Public School, where her son Ziggy is starting kindergarten. On the way, she meets Madeline, another mother with a daughter of the same age. Madeline’s friend Celeste is also sending her twin sons, Max and Josh, to school. The two strike up a friendship with Jane. All three of them have their own problems: Madeline is resentful that her daughter from her previous marriage is growing close to her ex-husband's new wife, Bonnie; Celeste is physically abused by her rich banker husband, Perry; and Jane was raped and left to raise her son Ziggy on her own. To make matters worse for her, Ziggy is accused of bullying a classmate on his first day of school.
As months pass, the three become close and Jane shares her experience with the other women. With the information Jane gives, Celeste and Madeline realize that the father is Perry's cousin, Saxon Banks, but decide to keep it from Jane for the time being. Meanwhile, Celeste's marriage becomes even more violent and she starts meeting a counselor and buys a new house for herself, without Perry's knowledge. Ziggy is once again accused of bullying his classmate, though he denies it.
On the night of Pirriwee Public's Trivia Night, Josh tells Celeste that it is Max, not Ziggy, who is bullying the other children. She realizes that Max is mimicking Perry and finally decides to leave him. Perry finds out about the new house, and despite being shaken, the couple still goes to the Trivia Night.
Once they reach the school, Jane sees Perry and realizes that he is, in fact, "Saxon Banks" and confronts him in front of Madeline and Celeste. Celeste recalls Perry's childhood stories where he used his cousin's name to avoid trouble for himself. Perry admits to raping Jane but shows no remorse. In the ensuing argument between them, Perry hits Celeste. Enraged by what she has witnessed, Bonnie pushes him to his death from the balcony.
In the aftermath of the fall, Madeline finds out that Bonnie had an abusive father and seeing Perry's violence brought back bad memories. Everybody on the balcony decides to lie to protect Bonnie, but she turns herself in. She is only sentenced to 200 hours of community service. A year after Perry's death, Celeste works in a family law firm and sets up a trust fund for Ziggy. She speaks publicly about her abusive relationship, starting her speech with: "This can happen to anyone."
Writing[edit]
Moriarty's main inspiration for the story came from a radio interview she heard in which a woman recounted her parents' abusive relationship.[3] The woman narrated how, even as an adult, she hid under her bed to escape her parents' fighting, an experience Moriarty ended up using as a scene in the book.[3] Initially, the book was a first-person narrative from each of the three main characters, but Moriarty soon decided against it, instead interjecting minor characters' statements between portions of the story.[4]
Reception[edit]
Big Little Lies has generally been well received by critics, who praised the book's balance of humour with more serious issues like domestic abuse. Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote: "A seemingly fluffy book suddenly touches base with vicious reality, in ways that may give Big Little Lies even more staying power than The Husband's Secret [Moriarty's previous book]."[5] Roberta Bernstein of USA Today gave it three stars out of four, deeming it "a fun, engaging and sometimes disturbing read, even if the characters are more conceits than flesh and blood."[6] Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave it an A and noted that, while the book fell in the "chick-lit" category, Moriarty still offered "insights [that] aren’t any less wise or funny or true just because she sometimes likes a champagne metaphor or hangs her story on a shoe."[7] Carol Memmott of The Washington Post agreed, writing: "It takes a powerful stand against domestic violence even as it makes us laugh at the adults whose silly costume party seems more reminiscent of a middle-school dance."[8]
Television adaptation[edit]
Main article: Big Little Lies (miniseries)
A television mini-series adaptation of the novel was produced by HBO titled Big Little Lies, filmed on location in Monterey, California. It was originally released February 19, 2017 on HBO. The mini-series stars Nicole Kidman, Reese Witherspoon, Shailene Woodley, Alexander Skarsgård, Adam Scott, Laura Dern, and Zoë Kravitz, and won 8 Emmy Awards at the 2017 Emmy Awards including Outstanding Miniseries. [9][10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Big Little Lies". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Combined Print & E-Book Fiction Books - Best Sellers - August 17, 2014 - The New York Times". Retrieved 2017-05-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Patrick, Bethanne (July 22, 2014). "Liane Moriarty: 'We're all capable of things that are breathtakingly cruel'". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Stevens, Reagan (December 2014). "Interview with Liane Moriarty". Goodreads. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (July 25, 2014). "How Was School? Deadly In Big Little Lies, Liane Moriarty Finds New Complications". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Bernstein, Roberta (July 28, 2014). "The truth hurts in page-turning 'Big Little Lies'". USA Today. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Greenblatt, Leah (August 7, 2014). "Big Little Lies". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Memmott, Carol (August 4, 2014). "‘Big Little Lies,’ by Liane Moriarty, reveals parents’ ugly secrets in quiet Aussie town". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (2015-05-08). "‘Big Little Lies’ With Nicole Kidman & Reese Witherspoon Lands At HBO". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (December 5, 2015). "Shailene Woodley Joins HBO's Reese Witherspoon, Nicole Kidman Drama". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Little_Lies_(novel)&oldid=802255253"
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