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List of nearest galaxies
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This is a list of known galaxies within 3.59 megaparsecs (11.7 million light-years) of the Solar System, in ascending order of distance. This encompasses all of the about 50 Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.
The list aims to reflect current knowledge: not all galaxies within the 3.59 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are still being discovered, and galaxies located behind the central plane of the Milky Way are extremely difficult to discern. It is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it. Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 List
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
List[edit]
#
Picture
Galaxy
Type
Distance from Earth
Magnitude
Group
Membership
Notes
Diameter (ly)
Millions of light-years
Mpc
M
m
1 Milky Way SBbc 0.027[2] 0.008[2] −20.8[1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth 100,000–180,000 ly
2 Canis Major Dwarf Irr (status as galaxy disputed) 0.025[3] 0.008 −14.5 23.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) N/A
3 Segue 1 dSph or Glob Clus 0.075 0.023[4] −3.0[4] 13.8[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
4 Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.081 0.024[5] −12.67[5] 4.5[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way) 10,000 ly
5 Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph 0.098 0.030 −4.2 14.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) ~1,800 ly
6 Reticulum II Dwarf 0.098 0.030[7] −2.7[7] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
7 Segue 2 dSph 0.114 0.035[8] −2.5[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
8 Willman 1 dSph or Star Clus 0.120 0.038[9] −2.7[9] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
9 Boötes II dSph 0.136 0.042[9] −2.7[9] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
10 Coma Berenices Dwarf dSph 0.137 0.042[10] −3.6[10] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
11 Boötes III dSph 0.150 0.046[11] −5.8[12] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
12 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Irr/SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[5] −17.93[5] 0.9[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 14,000 ly
13 Boötes I dSph 0.197[6] 0.060 −5.8[13] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
14 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.206 0.063[5] −16.35[5] 2.7[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 7,000 ly
15 Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.206 0.063[5] −7.13[5] 11.9[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
16 Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[5] −8.74[5] 10.9[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter ~2,700 × 1,900 ly
17 Pisces I dIrr/dSph[14] 0.26 0.8[15] −10.35[14] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
18 NGC 2419 Glob Clus 0.275 0.084 −9.5/−11 ? 9.06 Local Group Brightest remote MW globular cluster 520 ly
19 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.281 0.086[5] −7.98[5] 12[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 8,400 ly
20 Virgo I 0.28 0.087[16] −0.8[16] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
21 Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[5] −9.77[5] 10.1[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
22 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.330 0.10[17] −6.75[17] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way A few thousand ly
23 Carina Dwarf (E206-G220) dE3 0.330 0.10[5] −8.97[17] 11.3[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,600 ly
24 Crater II 0.383 0.1175[18] −8.2[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
25 Hercules Dwarf dSph 0.430 0.133[19] −5.3[19] 14.7[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
26 Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04) dSph/E2 0.46 0.14[1] −11.5[5] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
27 Canes Venatici II Dwarf dSph 0.49 0.15[4] −4.8[4] 15.1[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
28 Leo IV Dwarf dSph 0.502 0.154[20] −5.5[20] 15.9[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
29 Leo V Dwarf dSph 0.570 0.175[21] −5.2[21] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
30 Pisces II dG[22] 0.596 0.183[22] −4.1[22] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
31 Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[23] 0.215 −9.23[5] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 4,100 ly (tidal)
32 Canes Venatici I Dwarf dSph 0.711 0.218[24] −7.9[25] 13.9[25] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
33 Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74, UGC 5470) dE3 0.820[23] 0.25 −10.97[5] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
34 Leo T Dwarf dIrr/dSph 1.370 0.42[26] 16[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way? 2,300 ly
35 Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.44 0.44 −10.22[5] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
36 Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.630[23] 0.50 −15.22[5] 9.32[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 7,000 ly
37 MGC1[27] Glob Clus 2 0.615 −9.2 Local Group Isolated cluster at ~200 kpc from M31 N/A
38 NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.010[28] 0.62 −14.76[5] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
39 Andromeda II dE0 2.130[28] 0.65 −9.33[5] 15.10[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
40 IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[6] 2.2 0.67 −15.57[5] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
41 NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.200[28] 0.68 −14.9[5] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
42 Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.250[23] 0.80[29] −11.68[29] 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way N/A
43 IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.350[23] 0.72 −14.51[5] 9.92[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
44 Andromeda XI dSph 2.410 0.74[30] −7.3[31] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
45 Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.430[28] 0.75 −10.87[5] 13.9[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
46 Andromeda III dE2 2.440[28] 0.75 −9.30[5] 15.20[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
47 Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[28] 0.75 −10.18[5] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[5] N/A
48 M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.480;[23] 0.76 −15.96[5] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda 6,500 ly
49 Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.490[28] 0.76 −11.67[5] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[5] N/A
50 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[28] 0.77 −7.5[5] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[5] N/A
51 LGS 3 dIrr/dSph 2.510[28] 0.77 −7.96[5] 16.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Triangulum[citation needed] N/A
52 Andromeda V dSph 2.52[28] 0.77 −8.41[5] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[5] N/A
53 Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI) dSph 2.55[28] 0.78 −10.80[5] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[5] N/A
54 Andromeda VIII dSph[32] 2.7 0.828 −15.6 9.1 Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[32] N/A
— Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.56[28] 0.79 −21.58[5] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies 220,000 ly
55 Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SAc 2.64[28] 0.81 −18.87[5] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object 60,000 ly
56 M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.69[28] 0.83 −16.15[5] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda N/A
57 Andromeda XXI[33] dSph 2.8 0.86 −9.9 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 13,000 ly
58 Andromeda XXII[33] dSph 3.22 0.987 18.0 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
59 Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[5] −9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[5] Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[34] N/A
60 Andromeda X dSph[6] 2.90 0.889 −8.1[35] 16.1[6] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006 N/A
61 Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/dSph[6] 3.00[28] 0.92 −11.47[5] 13.21[6] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda N/A
62 Andromeda XIX[36] dG 3.04 0.933 −9.3 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc 22,200 ly
63 Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) Ib(s)m[6] 3.16 0.97[29] −14.06[29] 11.03[6] Local Group Isolated member at the edge of the local group N/A
64 Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[6] 3.39 1.04[5] −11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated group member N/A
65 Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.49[28] 1.07 / 0.94[29] −11.09[29] 14.0[6] Local Group Isolated group member N/A
66 UGC 4879 (VV124)[37] 3.59 1.1 −11.5[29] Local Group N/A
67 Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[6] 4.08 1.25[29] −9.63[29] 16.19[1] Local Group May have interacted with NGC 3109[38] 3,000 ly
68 Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) IBm[6] 4.31[39] 1.32 −13.95[5] 11.86[6] Local Group[1] Isolated group member N/A
69 NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.24 1.30[38] −15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group N/A
70 Andromeda XVIII[36] dG 4.42 1.355 −9.7 Local Group N/A
71 Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[6] 4.44 1.44[29] −14.08[29] 11.85[6] Local Group[1] N/A
72 KKh 060 Irr 4.89 1.5[1] 18B[6] N/A
73 KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) S.. 4.89 1.5[1] 15.7[6] between LG and M94 Pair? N/A
74 HIZSS 003 5.5 1.69[29] −12.60[29] 18B[6] Far below the SG plane Hidden by the Milky Way N/A
75 KKR 25 Irr 6.07 1.86[1] −9.94[29] 17.0[6] N/A
76 ESO 410-G005 E3[6] 6.33 1.94[29] −11.60[29] 14.85[6] NGC 55 & 300 N/A
77 ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[6] 6.26[40] 1.96[29] −10.95[29] 15.6[6] NGC 55 & 300 N/A
78 IC 5152 IA(s)m[6] 6.42 1.97[29] −15.56[29] 11.06[6] NGC 55 & 300 ? Remotely on the side of NGC 55 N/A
79 KKs 3 dSph[41] 6.91 2.12[41] −12.3[41] 14.47[41] 4,900 ly[41]
80 GR 8 (DDO 155) ImV[6] 6.95 2.13[29] −12.14[29] 14.65[6] Inner edge of M94 Group "footprint galaxy" N/A
81 KKR 03 (KK98 230) dIrr 6.98 2.14[29] −9.8 17.90[6] Inner edge of M94 Group 980 ly
82 NGC 300 SA(s)d[6] 7.01 2.15[40] −17.92[1] 8.95[6] Inner edge of Sculptor group forms pair with NGC 55 150,000? ly
83 NGC 55 SB(s)m: sp[6] 7.08 2.17[29] −18.47[29] 8.84[1] Inner edge of Sculptor group Forms pair with NGC 300 730,000? ly
84 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[6] 7.24 2.22[29] −12.92[29] 13.86[1] NGC 55 & 300
85 UGC 09128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 7.3 2.24[29] −12.47[29] 14.38[6] Inner edge of M94 Group
86 IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] −14.85[29] 13.63[6] On the way to Circinus galaxy
87 IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014) IBm 7.96 2.44[29] −15.56[29] 11.74[6] On the way to Circinus galaxy
88 KKh 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] −10.78[1] 16.7[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
89 UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35[42] 2.69[29] −13.09[29] 14.40[6] M94 Group
90 KKh 086 Irr 8.51 2.60[29] −10.30[29] 16.8[6] Isolated (M94/Cent A)
91 DDO 99 (UGC 06817) Im 8.61 2.64[1]–3.9[6] −13.52[29] 13.4[6] M94 Group
92 UGC 07577 (DDO 125) Im 8.94 2.74[29] −14.32[29] 12.84[6] M94 Group
93 UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.10 2.80[29] −14.19[29] 13.25[6] M94 Group
94 Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.13 2.8[1] −18.78 19.8[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
95 Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.13 2.8[1] −20.15[5] 14.77[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
96 UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.32 2.86[1] 15.40[6] M94 Group
97 NGC 4214 (UGC 07278) IAB(s)m 9.58 2.94[1] 10.24[6] M94 Group Starburst galaxy
98 UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[43] 9.65 2.96[44] 13.5[6] IC 342/Maffei Group[43]
99 NGC 4163 dIrr 9.65 2.96[44] 14.5[6] M94 Group
100 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.78 3.0[1] −14.55[1] 20.5[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
101 KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.78 3.0[1] −13.35[5] 16.2[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
102 KKH 12 Irr 9.78 3.0[1] −13.03 17.8[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
103 MB 3 dSph 9.78 3.0[1] −13.65[5] 19.8[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
104 MB 1 (KK98 21) SAB(s)d? 9.78 3.0[1] −14.81[5] 20.5[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
105 Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.78 3.0[1] −18.97[5] 11.4[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
106 UGCA 92 Im?[6] 9.82 3.01[44] 13[6] IC 342/Maffei Group[43]
107 UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[6] M94 Group
108 NGC 1569 (UGC 03056) IBm;Sbrst[6] 9.98 3.06[45] −18.17[1] 11.86[6] IC 342/Maffei Group[43]
109 ESO 274-01[46] SAd: 10.1 3.09 11.7 Centaurus A Group
110 UGCA 292 (DDO 125) ImIV-V 10.11 3.1[1] 16.0[6] M94 Group
111 NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21[42] 3.13 14.3[6] M94 Group
112 KK98 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] −14.30 17.2[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
113 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 10.31 3.16[47] 17.B[6] Aligned with IC 3104
114 NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40[42] 3.19 11.43[6] M81 group
115 UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 10.40[42] 3.19 15.54[6] M81 group
116 ESO 321-014[46] IBm[6] 10.40[46] 3.19 15.16[6] Centaurus A Group
117 UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[6] M94 Group
118 UGC 4483 dIrr 10.47[42] 3.21 15.2[6] M81 group
119 NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[6] 10.56 3.24[29] −16.61[29] 11.21[6] 'Mirach's Ghost'
120 UGCA 105 Im? 10.63[42] 3.26 −16.81 13.9[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
121 IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[6] 10.70 3.28[1] −20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy"
122 Cas 1 (KK98 19) dIrr 10.76 3.3[1] −16.70 16.38[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
123 NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 10.76 3.30[5] −19.29 8.93[6] M81 group
124 Camelopardalis B Irr 10.80[42] 3.31 −11.85 16.1[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
125 UGCA 015 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[5] −12.50[5] 15.19[6] Sculptor group
126 KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 11.06 3.39[47] 16.4[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
127 Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06[42] 3.39 11.1[6] M81 group
128 NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] −18.08.56 10.35[6] Centaurus A Group
129 NGC 5237 I0?[6] 11.09 3.40;[46] 13.23[6] Centaurus A Group
130 ESO 325-11 11.09 3.40;[46] 13.99[6] Centaurus A Group
131 ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.10 3.40[5] −11.39 16.45[6] Sculptor group
132 FM2000 1 dSph? 11.15[42] 3.42 17.5[6] M81 group
133 ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[5] −11.32[5] 16.55[6] Sculptor group
134 NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 11.25 3.45[1] −16.87[5] 12.16[6] IC 342/Maffei Group
135 ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 11.3 3.45[46] −15.16[1] 11.03[6] Centaurus A Group
136 NGC 5206 11.3 3.47;[46] Centaurus A Group
137 KK 179 (ESO 269-37) 11.4 3.48[46] Centaurus A Group
138 KK98 77 dSph 11.35[42] 3.48 16.2[6] M81 group
139 DDO 71 Im 11.42[42] 3.50 18[6] M81 group
140 M82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.51 3.53[5] −19.63[5] 9.30 [6] M81 group 37,000 ly
141 ESO 269-66 (KK98 190) dE,N 11.55 3.54[1] −13.56 14.11[6] Centaurus A Group
142 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58[42] 3.55 −11.49[5] 16.5[6] M81 group
143 NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61[42] 3.56 −17.1[5] 10.82[6] M81 group
144 UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 11.61[42] 3.56 −13.37[5] 14.48 [6] M81 group
145 NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[6] 11.70[48] 3.59 −20.51[1] 9.3[6] Centaurus A Group
#
Galaxy
Type
Dist from Earth
Magnitude
Group
Membership
Notes
Mly
Mpc
M
m
See also[edit]
Book: The Nearest Galaxies
List of galaxies
List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
List of spiral galaxies
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
^ Jump up to: a b distance of the Solar System from the Galactic Center. The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero".
Jump up ^ From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg) Archived 2008-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. accessdate = June 2008
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Belokurov, V.; Zucker, D. B.; Evans, N. W.; Kleyna, J. T.; Koposov, S.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Irwin, M. J.; Gilmore, G.; Wilkinson, M. I.; Fellhauer, M.; Bramich, D. M.; Hewett, P. C.; Vidrih, S.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Smith, J. A.; Rix, H. ‐W.; Bell, E. F.; Wyse, R. F. G.; Newberg, H. J.; Mayeur, P. A.; Yanny, B.; Rockosi, C. M.; Gnedin, O. Y.; Schneider, D. P.; Beers, T. C.; Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, H.; Brinkmann, J.; Harvanek, M.; Kleinman, S. J. (2007). "Cats and Dogs, Hair and a Hero: A Quintet of New Milky Way Companions". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (2): 897. arXiv:astro-ph/0608448  . Bibcode:2007ApJ...654..897B. doi:10.1086/509718.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065  . Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Retrieved 2008. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Sergey E. Koposov; Vasily Belokurov; Gabriel Torrealba; N. Wyn Evans (10 March 2015). "Beasts of the Southern Wild. Discovery of a large number of Ultra Faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds". The Astrophysical Journal. 805: 130. arXiv:1503.02079  . Bibcode:2015ApJ...805..130K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130.
^ Jump up to: a b Belokurov, V.; Walker, M.G.; Evans, N.W.; et al. (2009). "Segue 2: A Prototype of the Population of Satellites of Satellites". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397 (4): 1748–1755. arXiv:0903.0818  . Bibcode:2009MNRAS.397.1748B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15106.x.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Martin, Nicolas F.; de Jong, Jelte T. A.; Rix, Hans-Walter (September 2008). "A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (2): 1075. arXiv:0805.2945  . Bibcode:2008ApJ...684.1075M. doi:10.1086/590336.
^ Jump up to: a b Musella, Ilaria; Ripepi, Vincenzo; Clementini, Gisella; et al. (2009). "Pulsating Variable Stars in the Coma Berenices Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 695 (1): L83–1L87. arXiv:0902.4230  . Bibcode:2009ApJ...695L..83M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/L83.
Jump up ^ Grillmair, C.J. (2009). "Four New Stellar Debris Streams in the Galactic Halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1118–1127. arXiv:0811.3965  . Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1118G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1118.
Jump up ^ Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Grillmair, Carl J.; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; et al. (September 2009). "Kinematics and Metallicities in the Boötes III Stellar Overdensity: a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 702 (1): L9–L13. arXiv:0907.3738  . Bibcode:2009ApJ...702L...9C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/L9.
Jump up ^ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
^ Jump up to: a b Boyer, Martha L; Skillman, Evan D; Van Loon, Jacco Th; Gehrz, Robert D; Woodward, Charles E (2009). "Aspitzerstudy of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. Iii. Dust Production and Gas Return in Local Group Dwarf Irregular Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (2): 1993. arXiv:0903.3871  . Bibcode:2009ApJ...697.1993B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1993.
Jump up ^ Watkins, L. L.; et al. (2009), "Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 398 (4): 1757–70, arXiv:0906.0498  , Bibcode:2009MNRAS.398.1757W, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15242.x.
^ Jump up to: a b Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Okamoto, Sakurako; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Akiyama, Masayuki; Arimoto, Nobuo; Garmilla, José A.; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.; Furusawa, Hisanori; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Murayama, Hitoshi; Nishizawa, Atsushi J.; Takada, Masahiro; Usuda, Tomonori; Wang, Shiang-Yu (14 November 2016). "A New Milky Way Satellite Discovered In The Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 832 (1): 21. arXiv:1609.04346  . Bibcode:2016ApJ...832...21H. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/21.
^ Jump up to: a b c Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
^ Jump up to: a b Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M. (2016). "The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 459 (3): 2370–2378. arXiv:1601.07178  [astro-ph.GA]. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.459.2370T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw733.
^ Jump up to: a b Sand, David J.; Olszewski, Edward W.; Willman, Beth (2009). "The Star Formation History and Extended Structure of the Hercules Milky Way Satellite". The Astrophysical Journal. 704 (2): 898–914. arXiv:0906.4017  . Bibcode:2009ApJ...704..898S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/898.
^ Jump up to: a b Sand, David J.; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward W.; et al. (2010). "A Deeper Look at Leo IV: Star Formation History and Extended Structure". The Astrophysical Journal. 718: 530–42. arXiv:0911.5352  . Bibcode:2010ApJ...718..530S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/530.
^ Jump up to: a b de Jong, J. T. A.; Martin, N. F.; Rix, H. W.; Smith, K. W.; Jin, S.; Macciò, A. V. (2010). "The Enigmatic Pair of Dwarf Galaxies Leo Iv and Leo V: Coincidence or Common Origin?". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (2): 1664. arXiv:0912.3251  . Bibcode:2010ApJ...710.1664D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1664.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sand, David J; Strader, Jay; Willman, Beth; Zaritsky, Dennis; McLeod, Brian; Caldwell, Nelson; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward (2012). "Tidal Signatures in the Faintest Milky Way Satellites: The Detailed Properties of Leo V, Pisces II, and Canes Venatici II". The Astrophysical Journal. 756: 79. arXiv:1111.6608  . Bibcode:2012ApJ...756...79S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/79.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
Jump up ^ Martin, N. F.; Coleman, M. G.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Rix, H. W.; Bell, E. F.; Sand, D. J.; Hill, J. M.; Thompson, D.; Burwitz, V.; Giallongo, E.; Ragazzoni, R.; Diolaiti, E.; Gasparo, F.; Grazian, A.; Pedichini, F.; Bechtold, J. (2008). "A Deep Large Binocular Telescope View of the Canes Venatici I Dwarf Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 672: L13. arXiv:0709.3365  . Bibcode:2008ApJ...672L..13M. doi:10.1086/525559.
^ Jump up to: a b Zucker, D. B.; Belokurov, V.; Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I.; Irwin, M. J.; Sivarani, T.; Hodgkin, S.; Bramich, D. M.; Irwin, J. M.; Gilmore, G.; Willman, B.; Vidrih, S.; Fellhauer, M.; Hewett, P. C.; Beers, T. C.; Bell, E. F.; Grebel, E. K.; Schneider, D. P.; Newberg, H. J.; Wyse, R. F. G.; Rockosi, C. M.; Yanny, B.; Lupton, R.; Smith, J. A.; Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, H.; Brinkmann, J.; Harvanek, M.; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, J. (2006). "A New Milky Way Dwarf Satellite in Canes Venatici". The Astrophysical Journal. 643 (2): L103. arXiv:astro-ph/0604354  . Bibcode:2006ApJ...643L.103Z. doi:10.1086/505216.
Jump up ^ Irwin; Belokurov; Evans; Ryan-Weber; de Jong; Koposov; Zucker; Hodgkin; et al. (2007). "Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal. 656: L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0701154  . Bibcode:2007ApJ...656L..13I. doi:10.1086/512183.
Jump up ^ Mackey; Ferguson; Irwin; Martin; et al. (2009). "Deep Gemini/GMOS imaging of an extremely isolated globular cluster in the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 401: 533–546. arXiv:0909.1456  [astro-ph.GA]. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401..533M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15678.x.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 393 (4): 1265. arXiv:0811.4610  . Bibcode:2009MNRAS.393.1265K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x.
Jump up ^ Tully, R. Brent; et al. (2013). "Cosmicflows-2: The Data". The Astronomical Journal. 146 (4). arXiv:1307.7213  . Bibcode:2013AJ....146...86T. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86.
Jump up ^ Yang, S.-C; Sarajedini, A (2012). "HST/WFPC2 Imaging of the Dwarf Satellites And XI and And XIII : HB Morphology and RR Lyraes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 419 (2): 1362. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.419.1362Y. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19792.x.
^ Jump up to: a b Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see [1]
^ Jump up to: a b Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow; et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 705: 758–765. arXiv:0909.0399  [astro-ph.CO]. Bibcode:2009ApJ...705..758M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/758.
Jump up ^ See
Jump up ^ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Spheroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see [2]
^ Jump up to: a b A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
Jump up ^ Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky; et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 387: L45–L49. arXiv:0803.1107  . Bibcode:2008MNRAS.387L..45K. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x.
^ Jump up to: a b Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [3]
Jump up ^ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
^ Jump up to: a b Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Sharina, M. E; Shimansky, V. V; Kniazev, A. Y (2017). "Nuclei of dwarf spheroidal galaxies KKs 3 and ESO 269−66 and their counterparts in our Galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1955. arXiv:1706.07344  . Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1955S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1605.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
^ Jump up to: a b c d see article at
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/131/3/1361/205003.tb1.html
Jump up ^ Grocholski, A.J. et al. "HST/ACS Photometry of Old Stars in NGC 1569: The Star Formation History of a Nearby Starburst", 2012, Astronomical Journal, 143, 117-135 doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/5/117 , https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.0989
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
Jump up ^ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group
References[edit]
Belokurov, V.; et al. (2006). "A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (2): L111–L114. arXiv:astro-ph/0604355  . Bibcode:2006ApJ...647L.111B. doi:10.1086/507324.
Dolphin, A. E., et al. (March 2003). "Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1261–1290. arXiv:astro-ph/0211486  . Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1261D. doi:10.1086/346279.
Karachentsev, I. D., et al. (2002). "The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 383 (1): 125–136. Bibcode:2002A&A...383..125K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011741.
Karachentsev, I. D., et al. (2002). "New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 385 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042.
Karachentsev, I. D., et al. (June 2003). "Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 404 (1): 93. arXiv:astro-ph/0302045  . Bibcode:2003A&A...404...93K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030170.
Karachentsev, I. D., et al. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
Karachentsev, I. D. (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighbouring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065  . Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
McConnachie, A. W., et al. (2005). "Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies". MNRAS. 356 (3): 979. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489  . Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
Tonry, J. L., et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv:astro-ph/0011223  . Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301.
Van den Bergh, S. (April 2000). "Updated Information on the Local Group" (PDF). The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (770): 529–536. arXiv:astro-ph/0001040  . Bibcode:2000PASP..112..529V. doi:10.1086/316548. [permanent dead link]
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Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act
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Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act
Long title
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974
Acronyms (colloquial)
RESPA
Enacted by
the 93rd United States Congress
Effective
Dec. 22, 1974
Citations
Public law
P.L. 93-533
Statutes at Large
88 Stat. 1724
Codification
Titles amended
12
U.S.C. sections created
2601-2617
Legislative history
Passed the Senate on July 24, 1974 (unanimous consent)
Passed the House of Representatives on August 14, 1974 (unanimous consent)
Reported by the joint conference committee on Dec. 9, 1974; agreed to by the Senate on Dec. 9, 1974 (unanimous consent) and by the House of Representatives on Dec. 11, 1974 (unanimous consent)
Signed into law by President Gerald Ford on Dec. 22, 1974
Major amendments
P.L. 94-205, 89 Stat. 1157 (1976)
The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) was a law passed by the United States Congress in 1974 and codified as Title 12, Chapter 27 of the United States Code, 12 U.S.C. §§ 2601–2617. The main objective was to protect homeowners by assisting them in becoming better educated while shopping for real estate services, and eliminating kickbacks and referral fees which add unnecessary costs to settlement services. RESPA requires lenders and others involved in mortgage lending to provide borrowers with pertinent and timely disclosures regarding the nature and costs of a real estate settlement process. RESPA was also designed to prohibit potentially abusive practices such as kickbacks and referral fees, the practice of dual tracking, and imposes limitations on the use of escrow accounts.
Contents
1 History
2 Purpose
3 General Requirements
4 Good-Faith Estimate of Settlement Costs
5 Kickbacks and Unearned Fees
6 Borrower Requests for Information and Notifications of Errors
7 Criticisms
8 Sources
9 External links
History[edit]
RESPA was enacted in 1974 and was originally administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). In 2011, the consumer financial protection bureau (CFPB), created under the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, assumed the enforcement and rulemaking authority over RESPA. On December 31, 2013, the CFPB published final rules implementing provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, which direct the CFPB to publish a single, integrated disclosure for mortgage transactions, which included mortgage disclosure requirements under the truth in lending Act (TILA) and sections 4 and 5 of RESPA. As a result, Regulation Z now houses the integrated forms, timing, and related disclosure requirements for most closed-end consumer mortgage loans.
Purpose[edit]
It was created because various companies associated with the buying and selling of real estate, such as lenders, real estate agents, construction companies and title insurance companies were often engaging in providing undisclosed kickbacks to each other, inflating the costs of real estate transactions and obscuring price competition by facilitating bait-and-switch tactics.
For example, a lender advertising a home loan might have advertised the loan with a 5% interest rate, but then when one applies for the loan one is told that one must use the lender's affiliated title insurance company and pay $5,000 for the service, whereas the normal rate is $1,000. The title company would then have paid $4,000 to the lender. This was made illegal, in order to make prices for the services clear so as to allow price competition by consumer demand and to thereby drive down prices.
On July 21, 2011, administration and enforcement of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) was transferred from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
General Requirements[edit]
RESPA outlines requirements that lenders must follow when providing mortgages that are secured by federally related mortgage loans. This includes home purchase loans, refinancing, lender approved assumptions, property improvement loans, equity lines of credit, and reverse mortgages.
Under RESPA, lending institutions must:
Provide certain disclosures when applicable, including a Good-Faith Estimate of Settlement Costs (GFE), Special Information Booklet, HUD-1/1A settlement statement and Mortgage Servicing Disclosures.
Provide the ability to compare the GFE to the HUD-1/1a settlement statements at closing
Follow established escrow accounting practices
Not proceed with the foreclosure process when the borrower has submitted a complete application for loss mitigation options, and
Not pay kickbacks or pay referral fees to settlement service providers (e.g., appraisers, real estate brokers/agents and title companies)
Good-Faith Estimate of Settlement Costs[edit]
For closed-end reverse mortgages, a lender or broker is required to provide the consumer with the standard Good Faith Estimate (GFE) form. A Good Faith Estimate of settlement costs is a three-page document that shows estimates for the costs that the borrower will likely incur at settlement and related loan information. It is designed to allow borrowers to shop for a mortgage loan by comparing settlement costs and loan terms. These costs include, but are not limited to:
Origination charges
Estimates for required services (e.g., appraisals, credit report fees, flood certification)
Title insurance
Per diem interest
Escrow deposits, and
Insurance premiums
The bank or mortgage broker must provide the GFE no later than three business days after the lender or mortgage broker received an application, or information sufficient to complete and application, the application.[1]
Kickbacks and Unearned Fees[edit]
A person may not give or receive a fee or anything of value for a referral of mortgage loan settlement business. This includes an agreement or understanding related to a federally related mortgage. Fees paid for mortgage-related services must be disclosed. Additionally, no person may give or receive any portion, split, or percentage of a fee for services connected with a federally related mortgage except for services actually performed.
Permissible Compensation
A payment to an attorney for services actually rendered;
A payment by a title company to its agent for services actually performed in the issuance of title insurance;
A payment by a lender to its duly appointed agent or contractor for services actually performed in the origination, processing, or funding of a loan;
A payment to a cooperative brokerage and referral arrangements between real estate agents and real estate brokers;
Normal promotional and education activities that are not conditioned on the referral of business, and do not involve the defraying of expenses that otherwise would be incurred by a person in a position to refer settlement services; and
An employer’s payment to its own employees for any referral activities.
It is the responsibility of the lender to monitor third party fees in relationship to the services rendered to ensure no illegal kickbacks or referral fees are made .
Borrower Requests for Information and Notifications of Errors[edit]
Upon receipt of a qualified written request, a mortgage servicer is required to take certain steps, each of which is subject to certain deadlines.[2] The servicer must acknowledge receipt of the request within 5 business days. The servicer then has 30 business days (from the request) to take action on the request. The servicer has to either provide a written notification that the error has been corrected, or provide a written explanation as to why the servicer believes the account is correct. Either way, the servicer has to provide the name and telephone number of a person with whom the borrower can discuss the matter. The servicer cannot provide information to any credit agency regarding any overdue payment during the 60-day period.
If the servicer fails to comply with the "qualified written request", the borrower is entitled to actual damages, up to $2,000 of additional damages if there is a pattern of noncompliance, costs and attorneys fees.[3]
Criticisms[edit]
However, critics say that kickbacks still occur. For example, lenders often provide captive insurance to the title insurance companies they work with, which critics say is essentially a kickback mechanism. Others counter that economically the transaction is a zero sum game, where if the kickback were forbidden, a lender would simply charge higher prices. To which others counter that the intended goal of the legislation is transparency, which it would provide if the lender must absorb the cost of the hidden kickback into the fee they charge. One of the core elements of the debate is the fact that customers overwhelmingly go with the default service providers associated with a lender or a real estate agent, even though they sign documents explicitly stating that they can choose to use any service provider.
There have been various proposals to modify the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. One proposal is to change the "open architecture" system currently in place, where a customer can choose to use any service provider for each service, to one where the services are bundled, but where the real estate agent or lender must pay directly for all other costs. Under this system, lenders, who have more buying power, would more aggressively seek the lowest price for real estate settlement services.
While both the HUD-1 and HUD-1A serve to disclose all fees, costs and charges to both the buyer and seller involved in a real estate transaction, it is not uncommon to find mistakes on the HUD. Both buyer and seller should know how to properly read a HUD before closing a transaction and at settlement is not the ideal time to discover unnecessary charges and/or exorbitant fees as the transaction is about to be closed. Buyers or sellers can hire an experienced professional such as a real estate agent or an attorney to protect their interests at closing.
Sources[edit]
Jump up ^ "Regulation X Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act" (PDF). CFPB Consumer Laws and Regulations. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. March 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Jump up ^ "Recent Changes to the Law Governing Qualified Written Requests". Retrieved 2016-04-13.
Jump up ^ 12 USC 2605(f)
External links[edit]
Full text of the act from the Legal Information Institute
Integrated Mortgage Disclosures Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) and the Truth In Lending Act(Regulation Z)
Know Before You Owe | Mortgages
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Real_Estate_Settlement_Procedures_Act&oldid=792803128"
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My Life (Mary J. Blige song)
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.
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"My Life"
Single by Mary J. Blige
from the album My Life
Released
June 29, 1995
Length
4:18
Label
MCA/Uptown Records
Songwriter(s)
Roy Ayers, Mary J. Blige, Sean "Puffy" Combs, Chucky Thompson, Arlene DelValle, Rashad Smith
Producer(s)
Sean "Puffy" Combs, Chucky Thompson
Mary J. Blige singles chronology
"String Module Error: Match not found"
(1995) "My Life"
(1995) "String Module Error: Match not found"
(1995)
"I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By" (featuring Method Man)
(1995) "My Life"
(1995) "Everyday It Rains" (featuring Faith Evans)
(1995)
"My Life" is a song co-written and performed by American R&B artist Mary J. Blige and the title track off her critically acclaimed second studio album of the same name. It samples heavily from the song "Everybody Loves the Sunshine" by Roy Ayers. "My Life" became a signature song for Blige, achieving great success at Urban radio, despite the fact that it was never officially released outside of the United Kingdom, and had no accompanying music video.
Thematically, the song explores the protagonist's attempts to both strive for better in life while also remaining true to emotional feelings ("when you're feeling down, you should never fake it"). At its climax, Blige asserts that "things will turn out fine" through faith and spirituality. It was composed by Blige, as was the rest of the album, at a dark time in her personal life when she battled drug and alcohol addiction and was engaged in a tumultuous relationship with K-Ci Hailey.
Blige's older sister, LaTonya Blige-DaCosta, provided additional backing vocals on the song.
Blige recorded "My Life '06" for her compilation album Reflections (A Retrospective). The new version of the song features live instruments, a more mature and jazz-inflected vocal arrangement, and new closing ad-libs that shed a positive light on the song's previously melancholy and somber mode.
The song was also heard in the series premiere of the BET television drama Being Mary Jane.

This 1990s song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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