text:
Petals Around the Rose
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This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (July 2015)
The answer to this roll is six
Petals Around the Rose is a mathematical challenging puzzle in which the object is to work out the formula by which a number is derived from the roll of a set of five or six dice. It is often used as an exercise in inductive reasoning.[1] The puzzle became popular in computer circles in the mid 1970s,[2] particularly through an anecdote recounted in Personal Computing which depicts Bill Gates working out the solution in an airport.[3]
Puzzle play[edit]
The puzzle is commonly presented as a game in which one person rolls the dice and announces a numerical result for each roll. Players are instructed to work out the pattern and announce the result of each roll themselves, but they are supposed to keep the formula for that result to themselves.[2][3]
The formula[edit]
The key to the formula is given by the name of the puzzle. The solution for a throw is found by counting the "petals around the rose", where a "rose" is any die face with a center dot. On a standard 6-sided die, this corresponds to the three odd faces—1, 3, and 5. The rose's "petals" are the dots which surround the center dot. There is no rose on the 2, 4, or 6 faces, so these count as zero. There are no petals on the 1 face, so it also counts as zero. There are two petals and four petals on the 3 and 5 faces, respectively. Thus, the solution to a given throw can be found by >Adding the total petals (or) >starting with 2 times the number of dice that land on the 3 face and adding to it 4 times the number of dice that lands on the 5 face.
In the example above, there is one 3 and one 5 face, so the result is two plus four, or six.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reichert, Michael; Hawley, Richard (2010). Reaching Boys, Teaching Boys: Strategies that Work—and Why. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 54, 55. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
^ Jump up to: a b Morris, Scot (May 1980). "Games" (PDF). Omni. 2 (8): 144, 128.
^ Jump up to: a b Borrett, Lloyd. "Bill Gates and Petals Around the Rose". Retrieved 2012-12-04.
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List of Real Madrid C.F. players
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about notable Real Madrid players. For a list of all Real Madrid players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:Real Madrid C.F. players. For the current Real Madrid first-team squad, see Real Madrid C.F. § Current squad.
Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer of the club, with 450 goals and has won the FIFA Ballon d'Or 5 times in 2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017
Real Madrid C.F. is a professional association football club based in Madrid, Spain, that plays in La Liga. The club was formed in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, and played its first competitive match on 13 May 1902, when it entered the semi-final of the Campeonato de Copa de S.M. Alfonso XIII.[1] Real Madrid was one of the founding members of La Liga in 1929, and is one of three clubs, including FC Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, to have never been relegated from the league.[2][3] Since then, the club's first team has competed in numerous nationally and internationally organised competitions. Real is the most successful club in Spanish football, having won a total of 64 domestic titles; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Spanish Cups, 10 Spanish Super Cups, 1 Copa Eva Duarte and 1 League Cup. Real is the most successful club in European football, having won twenty one official UEFA trophies in total.[4]
Raúl holds the record for most overall appearances, having played 741 from 1994 to 2010, ahead of Iker Casillas, who has made 725 appearances from 1999 to 2015.[5] Manuel Sanchís, Jr is third with 711 appearances from 1983 to 2001 for the club. Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer with 450. He holds the record for the most goals in a season; he scored 61 goals in all competitions during the 2011–12 season and also holds the record for league goals scored in a season, having scored 48 goals in La Liga in 2014–15. Raúl is second with 323 goals and Alfredo Di Stéfano is third with 305 goals.
Real Madrid has employed several famous players, with four FIFA World Player of the Year, seven Ballon d'Or, two FIFA Ballon d'Or, four European Golden Boot and two FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball winners among the previous and current club players.
The list includes notable footballers who have played for Real Madrid. Generally, this means players that have played at least 50 official matches.
Contents
1 Key
2 List of players
3 Club captains
4 Notes
5 References
Key[edit]
† Club captains who have won a major senior competition
* Club record holder
¤ Played their full career at Real Madrid
Players whose name is in italics currently play for the club.
The years are the first and last calendar years in which the player appeared in competitive first-team football for the club.
The total appearances and goals comprise those in La Liga, Copa del Rey, Supercopa de España, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, UEFA Super Cup, FIFA Club World Cup and several now-defunct competitions, including the Copa Eva Duarte, Copa de la Liga, Latin Cup, Copa Iberoamericana, Campeonato Centro, Intercontinental Cup and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
List of players[edit]
Raúl is Real Madrid's most capped player with 741 appearances for the club.
With 167 caps, Iker Casillas made the most international appearances as a Real Madrid player.
Luís Figo became the first Real Madrid footballer to win the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2001.
Cristiano Ronaldo is the record goalscorer in a league season for Real Madrid, with 48, and he is the first Real Madrid footballer to win the four FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013, 2014, 2016 & 2017.
Gareth Bale is the latest most expensive player that Real Madrid bought.
Name
Nat
Pos[NB]
Real Madrid career
Captaincy
Apps
Goals
Notes
Arthur Johnson Forward 1901–1904 1901–1902† — —
Manuel Prast Forward 1904–1908, 1912-1914 — 11 8
José Berraondo Defender 1904–1909 1905–1909† — —
José Quirante Midfielder 1906–1908 — — —
Sotero Aranguren Midfielder 1911–1918 — 15 4
Eulogio Aranguren Midfielder 1911–1921 — 20 0
Santiago Bernabéu* Forward 1911–1927 1915–1921† 51 46
René Petit Forward 1914–1917 — 14 3
Juan Monjardín Forward 1919–1929 1921–1924† 26 21
Félix Quesada Defender 1922–1936 1928–1935† 146 12
José María Peña Midfielder 1926–1932 — 99 3
Gaspar Rubio Forward 1928–1930 — 55 48
Jaime Lazcano Midfielder 1928–1935 — 115 62
Luis Olaso Midfielder 1929–1933 — 59 11
Ricardo Zamora* Goalkeeper 1930–1936 — 112 0 [Zamora][A]
Eugenio Hilario Forward 1930–1936 1935–1936† 105 28
Manuel Olivares Forward 1931–1934 — 50 44
Ciriaco Defender 1931–1936 — 87 0
Juan Hilario Marrero Midfielder 1931–1936 — 73 21
Luis Regueiro Forward 1931–1936 — 121 42
Jacinto Quincoces Defender 1931–1942 — 169 1
Leoncito Midfielder 1931–1942 1939–1942† 149 9
Pedro Regueiro Midfielder 1932–1936 — 104 0
Emilio Alonso Larrazábal Forward 1933–1936 — 56 21
José Ramón Sauto Midfielder 1933–1944 1942–1944† 124 0
Ildefonso Sañudo Forward 1934–1936 — 60 30
Jesús Alonso Fernández Midfielder 1935–1936,
1936–1948 — 160 68
Simón Lecue Forward 1935–1942 — 102 32
Juan Antonio Ipiña Midfielder 1936–1949 1944–1949† 292 9
Manuel Alday Marticorena Forward 1939–1944 — 80 65
Sabino Barinaga Midfielder 1940–1950 1949–1950† 182 93
Antonio Alsúa Forward 1941–1948 — 176 45
Félix Huete Midfielder 1941–1948 — 180 1
Corona Defender 1942–1948 — 153 9
Moleiro Midfielder 1942–1948 — 107 9
Clemente Defender 1942–1952 1950–1952† 144 0
Pruden Forward 1943–1948 — 116 87
José Bañón Gonzálvez Goalkeeper 1943–1949 — 159 0 [Zamora]
Luis Molowny Forward 1946–1957 1952–1956† 205 103
Jesús Narro Sancho Midfielder 1948–1952 — 66 12
Pahiño Forward 1948–1953 — 143 124 [Pichichi]
Miguel Muñoz Midfielder 1948–1958 1956–1958† 271 24
Joaquín Navarro Defender 1949–1957 — 215 3
Juanito Alonso Goalkeeper 1949–1960 1958–1960† 292 0 [Zamora]
Joaquín Oliva Defender 1950–1957 — 124 0
Roque Olsen Forward 1950–1957 — 123 66
Joseíto Forward 1951–1959 — 176 76
José María Zárraga Midfielder 1951–1962 1960–1962† 301 6
Rafael Lesmes Defender 1952–1960 — 218 1
José María Vidal Midfielder 1953–1956
1959–1963 — 63 2
Enrique Mateos Forward 1953–1961 — 94 50
Alfredo Di Stéfano*

Forward 1953–1964 — 396 307 [d'Or][Pichichi][B]
Francisco Gento* Forward 1953–1971 1962–1971† 599 181
Ángel Atienza Defender 1954–1959 — 73 0
Héctor Rial
Midfielder 1954–1961 — 166 81
Marquitos Defender 1954–1962 — 225 3
Ramón Marsal Forward 1955–1961 — 59 27
Juan Santisteban Midfielder 1956–1961,
1963–1964 — 115 4
Antonio Ruiz Midfielder 1956–1963 — 103 5
Pedro Casado Defender 1956–1966 — 123 1
Raymond Kopa Forward 1956–1959 — 101 30 [d'Or]
Rogelio Domínguez Goalkeeper 1957–1962 — 51 0
José Santamaría
Defender 1957–1966 — 337 2
Pepillo II Forward 1958–1962 — 103 99
Ferenc Puskás*
Forward 1958–1966 — 262 242 [Pichichi][C]
Pachín* Defender 1959–1968 — 218 2
Manuel Bueno Midfielder 1959–1971 — 118 27
Luis del Sol Midfielder 1960–1962 — 96 32
José Vicente Goalkeeper 1960–1964 — 100 0 [Zamora][A]
Antonio Betancort Goalkeeper 1961–1962,
1963–1971 — 177 0 [Zamora]
Isidro Sánchez Defender 1961–1965 — 103 1
Félix Ruiz Midfielder 1961–1968 — 141 44
Fernando Serena Midfielder 1961–1968 — 54 11
José Araquistáin Goalkeeper 1961–1968 — 57 0
Vicente Miera Defender 1961–1969 — 147 1
Lucien Muller Midfielder 1962–1965 — 92 3
Ignacio Zoco Midfielder 1962–1974 1971–1974† 434 17
Amancio Forward 1962–1976 1974–1976† 471 155 [Pichichi]
Manuel Velázquez Midfielder 1962–1977 — 402 59
Antonio Calpe Defender 1963–1971 — 121 2
Pedro de Felipe Defender 1963–1972 — 170 0
Manuel Sanchís, Sr Defender 1964–1971 — 213 1
José Luis López Peinado Defender 1964–1976 — 182 16
Ramón Grosso Forward 1964–1976 — 366 75
Pirri Midfielder 1964–1980 1976–1980† 559 173
Fernando Zunzunegui Defender 1966–1972 — 112 5
Toni Grande Defender 1968–1973 — 121 14
Miguel Ángel Goalkeeper 1968–1986 1980–1986† 346 0 [Zamora]
Sebastián Fleitas Forward 1969–1972 — 58 18
Gregorio Benito* Defender 1969–1982 — 420 3
Juan Carlos Touriño
Defender 1970–1976 — 134 0
Javier Aguilar Forward 1971–1979 — 190 50
Mariano García Remón Goalkeeper 1971–1984 — 231 0
Santillana* Forward 1971–1988 1986–1988† 645 289 [D]
Vicente del Bosque Midfielder 1973–1984 — 339 25
José Antonio Camacho Defender 1973–1989¤ 1988–1989† 577 11
Günter Netzer Midfielder 1974–1976 — 100 13
Paul Breitner Defender 1974–1977 — 100 10
Roberto Juan Martínez

Forward 1974–1980 — 192 61
Juan Sol Defender 1975–1979 — 141 0
Henning Jensen Forward 1976–1979 — 102 19
Isidoro San José Midfielder 1976–1986 — 271 7
Enrique Wolff Defender 1977–1979 — 68 4
Andrés Sabido Defender 1977–1982 — 117 3
Isidro Forward 1977–1985 — 223 22
Uli Stielike Midfielder 1977–1985 — 308 50
Juanito Forward 1977–1987 — 401 121 [Pichichi]
Francisco García Hernández Midfielder 1978–1983 — 129 36
Laurie Cunningham Midfielder 1979–1984 — 66 20
Ángel de Los Santos Cano Midfielder 1979–1985 — 237 13
Francisco Pineda Forward 1980–1985 — 145 43
Ricardo Gallego* Midfielder 1980–1989 — 372 28
Agustín Goalkeeper 1980–1990 1989–1990† 125 0 [Zamora]
José Antonio Salguero Defender 1981–1987 — 138 8
Míchel* Midfielder 1981–1996 — 559 130
John Metgod Defender 1982–1984 — 50 1
Chendo Defender 1982–1998¤ 1990–1998† 497 3
Rafael Martín Vázquez Midfielder 1983–1990,
1992–1995 — 179 35
Emilio Butragueño Forward 1983–1995 — 463 171 [Pichichi]
Manuel Sanchís, Jr Defender 1983–2001¤ 1998–2001† 711 41
Jorge Valdano Forward 1984–1987 — 120 56
Jesús Ángel Solana Defender 1985–1991 — 177 3
Hugo Sánchez Forward 1985–1992 — 282 208 [Pichichi][Golden Shoe]
Rafael Gordillo Midfielder 1985–1992 — 254 27
Francisco Buyo Goalkeeper 1986–1997 — 454 0 [Zamora]
Miguel Tendillo Defender 1987–1992 — 98 8
Francisco Llorente Gento Forward 1987–1994 — 160 11
Bernd Schuster Midfielder 1988–1990 — 61 13
Fernando Hierro* Defender 1989–2003 2001–2003† 601 127
Gheorghe Hagi Midfielder 1990–1992 — 64 16
Luis Milla Midfielder 1990–1997 — 215 3
Ricardo Rocha Defender 1991–1993 — 80 0
Robert Prosinečki Midfielder 1991–1994 — 73 12
Alfonso Pérez Forward 1991–1995 — 119 22
Luis Enrique Midfielder 1991–1996 — 213 18
Mikel Lasa Defender 1991–1997 — 178 5
Nando Defender 1992–1996 — 50 0
Iván Zamorano* Forward 1992–1996 — 173 101 [Pichichi]
Peter Dubovský Forward 1993–1995 — 52 3
Rafael Alkorta Defender 1993–1997 — 135 3
Michael Laudrup Midfielder 1994–1996 — 76 15
Quique Sánchez Flores Defender 1994–1996 — 63 2
José Emilio Amavisca Midfielder 1994–1996 — 144 14
Santiago Cañizares Goalkeeper 1994–1998 — 54 0
Fernando Redondo Midfielder 1994–2000 — 228 5 [UEFA]
Raúl* Forward 1994–2010 2003–2010† 741 323 [Pichichi][E]
Guti Midfielder 1995–2010 — 542 77
Víctor Sánchez Midfielder 1996–1998 — 65 7
Jaime Midfielder 1996–1999 — 66 0
Predrag Mijatović Forward 1996–1999 — 118 36
Clarence Seedorf Midfielder 1996–2000 — 158 20
Davor Šuker Forward 1996–1999 — 109 49
Christian Panucci Defender 1996–1999 — 73 3
Bodo Illgner Goalkeeper 1996–2001 — 120 0
Roberto Carlos* Defender 1996–2007 — 527 69 [F]
Christian Karembeu Midfielder 1997–2000 — 78 4
Aitor Karanka Defender 1997–2002 — 149 0
Fernando Morientes Forward 1997–2005 — 271 99
Iván Campo Defender 1998–2003 — 95 1
Sávio Forward 1998–2003 — 160 31
Steve McManaman Midfielder 1999–2003 — 158 14
Elvir Baljic Forward 1999–2002 — 11 3
Iván Helguera Defender 1999–2007 — 346 33
Míchel Salgado Defender 1999–2009 — 371 5
Iker Casillas* Goalkeeper 1999–2015 2010–2015† 723 0 [Zamora][G]
Pedro Munitis Forward 2000–2003 — 81 5
Claude Makélélé Midfielder 2000–2003 — 145 2
Flávio Conceição Midfielder 2000–2004 — 74 2
César Sánchez Goalkeeper 2000–2005 — 58 0
Albert Celades Midfielder 2000–2005 — 101 5
Santiago Solari Midfielder 2000–2005 — 194 10
Luís Figo* Forward 2000–2005 — 245 58 [FIFA][d'Or][H]
Zinedine Zidane* Midfielder 2001–2006 — 227 49 [FIFA][UEFA]
Raúl Bravo Defender 2001–2007 — 133 4
Francisco Pavón Defender 2001–2007 — 167 3
Esteban Cambiasso Midfielder 2002–2004 — 65 1
Javier Portillo Forward 2002–2006 — 57 12
Ronaldo* Forward 2002–2007 — 177 104 [FIFA][d'Or][Pichichi][I]
David Beckham Midfielder 2003–2007 — 159 20
Álvaro Arbeloa Defender 2004–2005,
2009–2016 — 233 6
Álvaro Mejía Defender 2004–2007 — 57 1
Diego López Goalkeeper 2005–2007,
2013–2014 — 73 0
Júlio Baptista Midfielder 2005–2008 — 59 11
Robinho Forward 2005–2008 — 137 35
Sergio Ramos* Defender 2005– 2015– 565 73
Miguel Torres Defender 2006–2009 — 66 0
Fabio Cannavaro Defender 2006–2009 — 118 2 [FIFA][d'Or]
Ruud van Nistelrooy Forward 2006–2010 — 96 64 [Pichichi]
Mahamadou Diarra Midfielder 2006–2011 — 126 4
Gabriel Heinze Defender 2007–2009 — 58 3
Arjen Robben Forward 2007–2009 — 65 13
Wesley Sneijder Midfielder 2007–2009 — 66 11
Fernando Gago Midfielder 2007–2011 — 121 1
Royston Drenthe Midfielder 2007–2012 — 65 4
Marcelo Defender 2007– — 452 33
Gonzalo Higuaín Forward 2007–2013 — 264 121
Pepe Defender 2007–2017 — 334 15
Rafael van der Vaart Midfielder 2008–2010 — 58 11
Esteban Granero Midfielder 2009–2012 — 96 5
Lassana Diarra Midfielder 2009–2012 — 117 1
Kaká* Midfielder 2009–2013 — 120 29
Raúl Albiol Defender 2009–2013 — 118 2
Xabi Alonso Midfielder 2009–2014 — 236 6
Cristiano Ronaldo* Forward 2009-2018 438 450 [Pichichi][Golden Shoe]
[FIFA d'Or][d'Or][UEFA][FIFA][J]
Karim Benzema Forward 2009– — 412 192
Ricardo Carvalho Defender 2010–2013 — 50 3
Mesut Özil Midfielder 2010–2013 — 159 27
Ángel Di María Midfielder 2010–2014 — 189 36
Álvaro Morata Forward 2010–2014,
2016–2017 — 95 31
Sami Khedira Midfielder 2010–2015 — 161 9
José Callejón Forward 2011–2013 — 77 20
Jesé Forward 2011–2016 — 94 18
Fábio Coentrão Defender 2011–2017 — 106 1
Raphaël Varane Defender 2011– — 233 10
Nacho Defender 2012– — 160 9
Casemiro Midfielder 2012– — 151 14
Luka Modrić Midfielder 2012– — 257 13 [UEFA][FIFA]
Asier Illarramendi Midfielder 2013–2015 — 90 3
Dani Carvajal Defender 2013– — 200 4
Isco Midfielder 2013– — 240 41
Gareth Bale* Midfielder 2013– — 189 88 [K]
Toni Kroos Midfielder 2014– — 190 12
James Rodríguez Midfielder 2014–2017 — 110 36
Keylor Navas Goalkeeper 2014– — 141 0
Danilo Defender 2015–2017 — 55 3
Lucas Vázquez Forward 2015– — 136 16
Mateo Kovačić Midfielder 2015– — 109 3
Marcos Llorente Midfielder 2015– — 21 0
Borja Mayoral Forward 2015– — 30 7
Theo Hernández Defender 2017– — 23 0
Jesús Vallejo Defender 2017– — 12 0
Marco Asensio Midfielder 2016– — 91 21
Kiko Casilla Goalkeeper 2015– — 43 0
Dani Ceballos Midfielder 2017– — 22 2
Álvaro Odriozola Defender 2018– — 2 0
Achraf Hakimi Defender 2017– — 17 2
Club captains[edit]
[6]
Player
Years
Vice Captain
Arthur Johnson 1901–1902
José Giralt 1902–1903
Federico Revuelto 1903–1904
Luciano Lizárraga 1904–1905
José Berraondo 1905–1909
José María Castell 1914–1915
Santiago Bernabéu 1915–1921
Juan Monjardín 1921–1924
Perico Escobal 1924–1927
Félix Pérez 1927–1928
Félix Quesada 1928–1935
Eugenio Hilario 1935–1936
Leoncito 1939–1942
José Ramón Sauto 1942–1944
Juan Antonio Ipiña 1944–1949
Sabino Barinaga 1949–1950
Clemente Fernández 1950–1952
Luis Molowny 1952–1956
Miguel Muñoz 1956–1958
Juanito Alonso 1958–1960
José María Zárraga 1960–1962
Francisco Gento 1962–1971
Ignacio Zoco 1971–1974
Amancio 1974–1976
Pirri 1976–1980
Miguel Ángel 1980–1986
Santillana 1986-1988
José Antonio Camacho 1988–1989
Agustín Rodríguez 1989–1990
Chendo 1990–1998
Manuel Sanchís 1998–2001 Fernando Hierro, Fernando Redondo, Raúl
Fernando Hierro 2001–2003 Raúl
Raúl 2003–2010 Guti, Míchel Salgado, Iker Casillas, Roberto Carlos, Sergio Ramos
Iker Casillas 2010–2015 Sergio Ramos, Marcelo, Pepe, Gonzalo Higuaín, Cristiano Ronaldo
Sergio Ramos 2015– Marcelo, Karim Benzema, Raphaël Varane
Notes[edit]
^ For a full description of positions see football positions.
d'Or. a b c d e Won Ballon d'Or while at Real Madrid.[7]
FIFA. a b c d e f Won FIFA World Player of the Year/The Best FIFA Men's Player award while at Real Madrid.[8]
FIFA d'Or. a Won FIFA Ballon d'Or while at Real Madrid.
UEFA. a b c d Won UEFA Best Player in Europe Award/UEFA Club Footballer of the Year while at Real Madrid.
Pichichi.a b c d e f g h i j k l Won the Pichichi Trophy while at Real Madrid.[9]
Zamora.a b c d e f g h i Won the Zamora Trophy while at Real Madrid.
Golden Shoe.a b Won the European Golden Shoe while at Real Madrid.
A. ^ Ricardo Zamora has Real's record of Zamora trophies, with three trophies won (record shared with José Vicente Train).
B. ^ Alfredo Di Stéfano was the first Real Madrid player to win the Ballon d'Or in 1957.
C. ^ Puskás is record goalscorer in one match, with six goals (record shared with Benguría).
D. ^ Santillana is Real's record goalscorer in the Spanish Cup, with 48.
E. ^ Raúl record appearances maker in all competitions and record appearances maker in La Liga (with 550).
F. ^ Roberto Carlos holds the record of appearances for Real Madrid as a foreign player, with 527 overall appearances.
G. ^ Iker Casillas has made the most international appearances for Real Madrid, with 156 games (as of 31 August 2014).
H. ^ Luís Figo was the first Real Madrid player to win the FIFA World Player of the Year award, in 2001.
I. ^ Ronaldo scored the fastest goal in Real's history, scoring 14 seconds after the start of the game.
J. ^ Cristiano Ronaldo is Real's record goalscorer in all competitions, record goalscorer in La Liga (with 239), record goalscorer in Europe (with 75), club's record league scorer in one season, with 48 goals and record scorer in all competitions in one season, with 61 goals, player with the biggest number of European golden shoes (3), has the record of most hat-tricks in Spain (33), has the record of hat-tricks in La Liga (28), first player to score five goals twice in La Liga games, is the player with the biggest number of goals in one UEFA Champions League season with 17 goals, first player to score against all the teams of La Liga, first player to win FIFA Ballon d'or twice (in 2013 and again in 2014), record goalscorer in UEFA Champions league (73).
K. ^ Gareth Bale is club's transfer record signing of £85 million.
References[edit]
"Legends". Real Madrid C.F. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
"Database - Real Madrid football players 1902-2009" (in Spanish). leyendablanca. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
"Database - Players" (in Hungarian). madridista.hu. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
Specific
Jump up ^ Luís Miguel González. "Pre-history and first official title (1900-1910)". Real Madrid C.F. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Jump up ^ Luís Miguel González (28 February 2007). "A spectacular leap towards the future (1921-1930)". Real Madrid. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Classic club - Athletic Bilbao". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Football Europe: Real Madrid CF". Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA). Archived from the original on 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
Jump up ^ "Classic club: Real Madrid". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.libertaddigital.com/fotos/capitanes-realmadrid-liga-historia-deportes-1010283/
Jump up ^ Moore, Rob; Stokkermans, Karel (2009-12-11). "European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
Jump up ^ "FIFA World Player". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Archived from the original on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
Jump up ^ Bravo, Luis Javier (2009-06-12). "Spain – List of Topscorers ("Pichichi")". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
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Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Shot Heard 'Round the World: Dotted line represents the approximate track of Thomson's game-winning line drive home run
In baseball, the "Shot Heard 'Round the World" was a game-winning home run by New York Giants outfielder and third baseman Bobby Thomson off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca at the Polo Grounds in New York City on October 3, 1951, to win the National League (NL) pennant. Thomson's dramatic three-run homer came in the ninth inning of the decisive third game of a three-game playoff for the pennant in which the Giants trailed, 4–2.[1]
The game—the first ever televised nationally—was seen by millions of viewers across America and heard on radio by millions more, including thousands of American servicemen stationed in Korea, listening on Armed Forces Radio. The classic drama of snatching victory from defeat to secure a pennant was intensified by the epic cross-town rivalry between the Giants and Dodgers, and by a remarkable string of victories in the last weeks of the regular season by the Giants, who won 37 of their last 44 games to catch the first-place Dodgers and force a playoff series to decide the NL champion. The Giants' late-season rally and 2-to-1-game playoff victory, capped by Thomson's moment of triumph, are collectively known in baseball lore as "The Miracle of Coogan's Bluff", a descriptor coined by the legendary sports columnist Red Smith.[2]
The phrase "shot heard 'round the world" is from the poem "Concord Hymn" (1837) by Ralph Waldo Emerson about the first clash of the American Revolutionary War. It later became popularly associated with Thomson's homer and several other dramatic historical moments.[3]
Contents
1 Background
2 The game
3 The broadcasts
3.1 Russ Hodges
3.2 Ernie Harwell
3.3 Red Barber
3.4 Gordon McLendon
3.5 Other
4 Aftermath
4.1 Controversy
5 Artifacts
6 Legacy
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Background
The principal National League (NL) contenders in 1951 were the New York Giants, Brooklyn Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies. The Dodgers quickly pulled into first place, and widened their lead as the season progressed. On August 11, with a 13 1⁄2-game lead over the second-place Giants, they appeared certain to face the New York Yankees in the World Series.[4] "Unless [the Dodgers] completely fold in their last 50 games", wrote an Associated Press writer, "they're in."[5] The Phillies, 14 1⁄2 games back, faded from contention; but the Giants won 16 straight games from August 12 to August 27, cutting the Dodgers' lead to six games.[6] By September 20, they had pulled to within 4 1⁄2 games,[7] still a prohibitive margin with only ten days remaining in the season; but the Giants won all of their final seven games, while the Dodgers lost six of their last ten. The two teams concluded the regular season deadlocked with 96–58 records.[8]
The NL used a three-game playoff at that time to break ties for the pennant. The Dodgers won the coin toss to determine the playoff schedule; they elected to play the first game at home and the second (and third if needed) at the Polo Grounds, reasoning that after a likely win in Brooklyn, they would need to win only one of two at the Giants' park.[9] Nevertheless, in game one at Ebbets Field, the Giants, with Jim Hearn on the mound, defeated the Dodgers' Ralph Branca 3–1,[10] thanks to home runs by Bobby Thomson and Monte Irvin.[11] In game two at the Polo Grounds, with the Yankees team in attendance as spectators,[12] the Dodgers tied the series, winning 10–0 on home runs by Jackie Robinson, Gil Hodges, Andy Pafko, and Rube Walker, who was catching in place of an injured Roy Campanella. Clem Labine pitched a six-hit shutout against Sheldon Jones.[13][14] The 1–1 deadlock set up the deciding third game at the Polo Grounds on October 3.
The game
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Brooklyn 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 8 0
New York 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 5 8 0
WP: Larry Jansen (23–11) LP: Ralph Branca (13–12)
Home runs:
BKN: None
NYG: Bobby Thomson (32)
For game three, Sal Maglie was on the mound for New York, while Brooklyn called on Don Newcombe.[15] In the first inning, Robinson singled in Pee Wee Reese for the game's first run. A Giants rally in the second inning, initiated by Whitey Lockman's single, fizzled when Thomson, trying to stretch a single into a double, failed to notice that Lockman had not advanced to third base, and was tagged out by Robinson.[2] The score remained 1–0 through the sixth inning.[16] In the seventh inning, Irvin led off with a double for the Giants. He was bunted over to third, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Thomson, tying the score at one run each.[16]
In the top of the eighth, the Dodgers came back with three runs. With Reese and Duke Snider on third and first after back-to-back singles, a Maglie wild pitch allowed Reese to score and Snider to advance to second. Robinson was walked intentionally to set up a double play, but Pafko's ground ball to third bounced off the heel of Thomson's glove; Snider scored and Robinson took third. Billy Cox added another single to score Robinson, making the score 4–1 in favor of the Dodgers.[16] Newcombe set down the Giants in order in the bottom of the eighth, while Larry Jansen did the same in relief of Maglie in the top of the ninth.[17]
Newcombe had pitched a complete game on September 29, four days earlier, in Philadelphia, followed by 5⅔ innings in relief the following day during the last game of the regular season. According to some accounts, after eight innings on only two days' rest he attempted to take himself out of the game, but Robinson demanded that he continue: "You go out there and pitch until your arm falls off!" Newcombe himself insisted that he never asked to be relieved—a version corroborated by Snider and Pafko.[18]
Giants shortstop Alvin Dark singled off Newcombe to start the bottom-ninth rally. At that point, the Dodgers made a crucial defensive mistake: With no outs, a runner on first, and a 3-run lead, the normal strategy would be to position the infield for a possible double play; but first baseman Gil Hodges played behind Dark—apparently guarding against a highly unlikely steal attempt—leaving a large gap on the right side of the infield.[9] Don Mueller, batting left-handed, hit a single through that gap, advancing Dark from first to third. Instead of a rally-killing double play, the Dodgers found themselves facing the potential tying run at the plate with two runners on base, nobody out, and Irvin—with 121 regular-season RBIs—at bat; but Newcombe got Irvin to chase an outside pitch and foul out to Hodges.[9] (Sportswriter Bud Greenspan and others have argued that, had the Dodger infield played Mueller at double-play depth, Irvin's pop-up would in all likelihood have been the season-ending third out.[19])
Lockman followed with a double down the left field line, driving in Dark and advancing Mueller to third. Mueller slid awkwardly into the base, injuring his ankle, and was replaced by pinch runner Clint Hartung.[9] With Thomson coming up, Dodgers manager Chuck Dressen finally pulled the exhausted Newcombe. In the bullpen, where Branca and Carl Erskine were warming up, coach Clyde Sukeforth noticed that Erskine—who had been troubled by arm problems all season—was bouncing his curve balls short of the plate, and advised Dressen to use Branca in relief. That decision has been continually second-guessed by fans, sportswriters, and baseball historians: Branca had lost six of his last seven decisions, and gave up a game-winning home run to Thomson in the first playoff game. Dressen's options, however, were severely limited: the only other available pitchers with crucial-situation experience were Clyde King, who was sidelined with biceps tendonitis; Preacher Roe, who was left-handed; and Labine, who had pitched a complete game the day before. This was the second questionable decision that inning by Dressen.[20]
Thomson was now at bat, with first base open and Willie Mays (soon to be named the NL Rookie of the Year) on deck. Mays had gone 0-for-3 with two strikeouts against Branca in the first playoff game, but Dressen was unwilling to put the winning run on base, and worried that a veteran pinch hitter might be brought in to bat for Mays if he did so.[9] In the third controversial decision, he elected to pitch to Thomson rather than walk him intentionally.[21] Thomson later recalled that as he left the on-deck circle, Giants manager Leo Durocher turned to him and said, "If you ever hit one, hit it now."[22]
Branca's first pitch was a called strike on the inside corner. His second was a fastball high and inside, intended as a setup for his next, a breaking ball down and away; but Thomson pulled the fastball down the left field line. The ball disappeared into the lower-deck stands near the left field foul line for a game-ending, three-run home run. Thomson ran the bases, then disappeared into a mob of jubilant teammates gathered at home plate. The stunned Dodger players began the long walk toward the visitors' clubhouse under the center field bleachers; Robinson turned to watch Thomson, making certain that he touched every base, before following his teammates off the field.[9]
Later, after the celebrations had calmed down, a delegation of Dodgers—Reese, Snider, Roe, and Robinson—visited the Giants' locker room to offer their congratulations. "I just want you to know that we didn't lose the pennant," Robinson told them. "You guys won it."[9]
The broadcasts
Several television and radio broadcasters captured the moment for baseball fans in the New York City area and nationwide.[23]
Russ Hodges
The best known live description—"arguably the most famous call in sports"[24]—was delivered by Russ Hodges, who was broadcasting the game on WMCA-AM radio for Giants fans. His call captured the suddenness and exultation of the home run:
“ There's a long drive ... it's gonna be, I believe ... The Giants win the pennant! The Giants win the pennant! The Giants win the pennant! The Giants win the pennant! Bobby Thomson hits into the lower deck of the left-field stands! The Giants win the pennant and they're going crazy! They're going crazy!
I don't believe it! I don't believe it! I do not believe it! Bobby Thomson hit a line drive into the lower deck of the left-field stands and this blame place is going crazy! The Giants! Horace Stoneham has got a winner! The Giants won it by a score of 5 to 4, and they're picking Bobby Thomson up, and carrying him off the field![25]
”
Broadcasts were not routinely taped in 1951, and no one at any of the local radio or television stations was recording the game. The WMCA call survives only because a Brooklyn-based fan named Lawrence Goldberg asked his mother to tape-record the last half-inning of the radio broadcast while he was at work.[26] In later years, Hodges told interviewers that Goldberg was a Dodgers fan who made the tape "so he could hear the voice of the Giants weep when Brooklyn won". In fact, Goldberg had been a Giants fan since childhood.[26][27]
Ernie Harwell
Hodges' broadcast partner, Ernie Harwell, called the game for the Giants' television flagship WPIX; the independent station's broadcast was carried nationally on the NBC network, the first coast-to-coast live telecast of a Major League Baseball game. His description was not recorded; he later recalled saying simply, "It's gone!" almost at the moment Thomson's bat struck the ball—and then watching in dismay as the ball began to sink. "I said to myself, 'If that ball drops into Pafko's glove, I'm in deep trouble.' "[9] As the ball disappeared into the lower deck, he recalled, no further commentary was necessary. "The pictures took over."[28]
Red Barber
Dodgers announcer Red Barber, calling the game for WMGM-AM radio, straightforwardly said, "Branca pumps, delivers – a curve, swung on and belted, deep shot to left field—it is—a home run! And the New York Giants win the National League pennant and the Polo Grounds goes wild!" Barber was openly critical of Hodges' famous call, labeling it "unprofessional".[24]
Gordon McLendon
Only local Giants fans heard the famous Hodges call live. Most listeners heard Gordon McLendon's call on the Liberty Broadcasting System, which carried the game nationally. McLendon's account (complete with a similarly enthusiastic yell of "The Giants win the pennant!")—preserved on Harwell's "Audio Scrapbook"—remains the only professionally recorded broadcast account of the entire third game.[29]
Other
The game was also called on radio by Al Helfer for the Mutual network, by Buck Canel and Felo Ramírez for a Spanish language network, and by Nat Allbright in a studio re-creation for the Dodgers' secondary network in the South. Harry Caray, who had called St. Louis Cardinals games during the season, was in the WMCA booth with Hodges and may have also participated in broadcasting the game.[30][31]
Aftermath
On October 4, the New York Daily News ran a front-page game recap under the headline, "The Shot Heard 'Round the Baseball World".[32] The phrase quickly spread to other media, and "Shot Heard 'Round the World" soon became the most popular epithet for Thomson's homer.
New York Herald Tribune sportswriter Red Smith titled his October 4 column "The Miracle of Coogan's Bluff", and began it with what has been called "the greatest lede ever written":
Now it is done. Now the story ends. And there is no way to tell it. The art of fiction is dead. Reality has strangled invention. Only the utterly impossible, the inexpressibly fantastic, can ever be plausible again.[33]
The Giants lost the ensuing World Series to the Yankees in six games.[34]
Sukeforth resigned his position as bullpen coach in January 1952, after 19 years with the Dodgers. He denied that his role in the final inning of the Shot game had any bearing on his decision to leave.[35] Some historians have since speculated otherwise, based on Dressen's post-game reply to why he brought in Branca: "Sukeforth said he was ready."[36] Sukeforth told a journalist in 2000—the last year of his life—that "everybody knows the manager is responsible for decisions." He added, "It didn't matter what anybody said ... Branca was the only one who could come in when that big guy [Newcombe] couldn't go any further."[37]
Individual recollections of Thomson's home run continued to emerge decades after the event. In the 1990s, Thomson received a letter from a Marine who had been stationed in Korea in 1951:
"I was in a bunker in the front line with my buddy listening to the radio. It was contrary to orders, but he was a Giants fanatic. He never made it home and I promised him if I ever got back I'd write and tell you about the happiest moment of his life. It's taken me this long to put my feelings into words. On behalf of my buddy, thanks, Bobby."[38]
In the fall of 2001, surviving members of the 1951 Giants and Dodgers, including Thomson and Branca, met at Coogan's Bluff, overlooking the site of the long since demolished ballpark, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the game.[39]
Thomson's baseball legacy rests almost completely on the Shot, despite his other notable accomplishments, such as eight 20-home run seasons and three All Star selections. "It was the best thing that ever happened to me", he told a reporter toward the end of his life. "It may have been the best thing that ever happened to anybody."[40]
Controversy
In ensuing years, rumors began to circulate that during the second half of the 1951 season, the Giants engaged in the systematic stealing of signs—the finger signals transmitted from catcher to pitcher that determine the pitch to be thrown. The Associated Press reported the rumor in 1962, but with no specifics, and based on an anonymous source.[41] In 2001, many of the 21 Giants players still alive at the time, and one surviving coach, told the Wall Street Journal that beginning on July 20, the team used a telescope in the Giants clubhouse behind center field, manned by infielder Hank Schenz and later by coach Herman Franks, to steal the finger signals of opposing catchers. Stolen signs were relayed via a buzzer wire connected from the clubhouse to telephones in the Giants dugout and bullpen—one buzz for a fastball, two for an off-speed pitch. "Every hitter knew what was coming," said pitcher Al Gettel. "Made a big difference."[41] Joshua Prager, the author of the Journal article, outlined the evidence in greater detail in a 2006 book.[42]
Although backup catcher Sal Yvars told Prager that he relayed Rube Walker's fastball sign to Thomson from the bullpen, Thomson repeatedly insisted that he was concentrating on the situation, and did not take the sign.[43] Branca made no public comment at the time. "I made a decision not to speak about it," he said. "I didn't want to look like I was crying over spilled milk."[41] Later he told The New York Times, "I didn't want to diminish a legendary moment in baseball. And even if Bobby knew what was coming, he had to hit it ... Knowing the pitch doesn't always help."[44] In another interview, Branca pointed out that luck and circumstance were involved as well; had the coin toss gone the other way, Thomson's Shot would not have been a home run at Ebbets Field—nor would the game-winner he hit in the first playoff game have been a homer at the Polo Grounds.[9]
Whether the telescope-and-buzzer system contributed significantly to the Giants' late-season 37–7 win streak remains a subject of debate.[45] Prager notes in his book that sign stealing was not specifically forbidden by MLB rules at the time and, moral issues aside, "...has been a part of baseball since its inception".[46] Sign stealing using optical or other mechanical aids was outlawed by MLB in 1961.[43]
Artifacts
Some of the artifacts from the historic moment have been preserved. Thomson's game bat and shoes are the centerpieces of an exhibit dedicated to the Shot at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.[47] The exhibit is one of the Hall's most popular attractions, according to curators.[48]
Thomson's game jersey is most likely in the collection of Dan Scheinman, a collector who owns a small minority stake in the Giants. In 2005, he bought two 1951 jerseys—one home and one road—from Thomson, who told him that he had worn them in the World Series, but could not remember whether he had worn the home jersey for the Shot game. Scheinman has said that he is "about 90 percent" confident that the home jersey is indeed the one Thomson was wearing when he hit the Shot: The Giants almost certainly wore the same uniforms for the Series—which began the day after the Shot game—that they used during the second half of the season (as did the Yankees), and Scheinman's jersey displays distinct puckering around the numbers, probably as a result of steam pressing, that is visible in photos of Thomson taken during and immediately after the Shot game. According to a professional textile conservator, such puckering cannot be mimicked or reproduced, and would not repeat itself in exactly the same pattern on a different jersey.[48]
The location of the ball is unknown. Documentary filmmaker and author Brian Biegel attempted unsuccessfully to authenticate a vintage baseball, autographed by several 1951 Giants, that his father had purchased at a thrift store for four dollars, and believed to be Thomson's home run ball. He chronicled the project in his 2011 book Miracle Ball, followed by a documentary film of the same name.[47]
Legacy
The Shot game placed second on ESPN's SportsCentury ranking of the Ten Greatest Games of the 20th Century, behind the 1958 NFL Championship Game.[49] Sports Illustrated ranked Thomson's home run fifteenth on its list of the 100 Greatest Moments in Sports History.[50]
References
Jump up ^ Regan, Becky (August 9, 2007). "No. 756 takes Giants back to 1951". MLB.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Smith, R. "Miracle of Coogan's Bluff". New York Herald Tribune, October 4, 1951, p.1.
Jump up ^ Concord Hymn by Ralph Waldo Emerson. poetryfoundation.org archive. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "1951 The Shot Heard 'Round the World". thisgreatgame.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brooklyn Seeking Info On Opponent". Lawrence Journal-World. August 10, 1951. p. 10. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Robinson Hits Homer, Keeps Team In Race". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. October 1, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Reds Defeat Polo Grounders, 3–1, Routing Hearn in 3-Run Eighth". The New York Times. September 21, 1951. p. 38.
Jump up ^ Reichler, Joe (October 1, 1951). "Larry Jansen Fires 3–2 Win For Amazing Giants". Lewiston Daily Sun. p. 12. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Fimrite, R. Side By Side. Sports Illustrated, September 16, 1991.
Jump up ^ "Giants Meet Brooklyn in 1st Playoff". Youngstown Vindicator. October 1, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "October 1, 1951: New York Giants at Brooklyn Dodgers Box Score and Play by Play". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Idle Yankees Watch Rivals Clash Today". The Altus Times-Democrat. Associated Press. October 2, 1951. p. 4. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sheldon Jones To Go Against Clem Labine". The Portsmouth Times. October 2, 1951. p. 1.
Jump up ^ "October 2, 1951: Brooklyn Dodgers at New York Giants Box Score and Play by Play". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Reichler, Joe (October 4, 1951). "Maglie And Newcombe In Last Of Playoffs Today". Times Daily. p. 14.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Retrosheet Boxscore: New York Giants 5, Brooklyn Dodgers 4". Retrosheet. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "October 3, 1951: Brooklyn Dodgers at New York Giants Box Score and Play by Play". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Goldblatt, A. The Giants and the Dodgers: Four Cities, Two Teams, One Rivalry. McFarland (2003), pp. 110–12. ISBN 0786416408
Jump up ^ Greenspan, B. Play It Again, Bud! New York, Ballantine Books (1974), pp. 78–83. ISBN 0345241967
Jump up ^ Goldblatt (2003), p. 114.
Jump up ^ Goldblatt (2003), p. 115.
Jump up ^ Regan, B. (August 9, 2007). No. 756 takes Giants back to 1951. MLB.com archive. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bobby Thomson launches "The Shot Heard 'Round The World" & "The Giants Win The Pennant!"
^ Jump up to: a b Halberstam, D. (October 3, 2001). Called Shot May Have Set Tone for the Future. Los Angeles Times archive. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The shot heard round the world". The History Channel. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Sandomir, Richard (October 1, 2001). "THE SHOT HEARD 'ROUND THE WORLD; A Call Is Born, And Saved By a Mom". The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Steve (August 19, 2010). "The man who taped baseball's "shot heard 'round the world"". CNN.com. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Longtime Tigers broadcaster Harwell dies at 92. (May 4, 2010)
Jump up ^ Ernie Harwell's Audio Scrapbook
Jump up ^ Prager, Joshua (2006). The Echoing Green. Pantheon Books. pp. 195–196. ISBN 0-375-42154-8.
Jump up ^ Heller, Dick (March 10, 2003). "Nat Allbright was the Dodgers to many fans in the '50s". Washington Times.
Jump up ^ Prager (2006), p. 251
Jump up ^ Petchesky, Barry (August 17, 2010). "Stories That Don't Suck: The Shot Heard 'Round The World And The Greatest Lede Ever Written". Deadspin.com.
Jump up ^ 1951 World Series. Baseball Almanac, retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sukeforth Quits as Dodger Coach in Surprise Move." Nashua Telegraph, January 10, 1952. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Greenspan, B. Play It Again, Bud! New York, Ballantine Books (1974), p. 83. ISBN 0345241967
Jump up ^ "Late Shot: Brooklyn Bullpen Coach Sukeforth May Not Have Deserved the Heat" October 3, 2001. Los Angeles Times archive Retrieved March 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bobby Thomson obituary (August 19, 2010). telegraph.co.uk archive. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Prager, Joshua Harris (January 31, 2001). "Inside Baseball: Giants' 1951 Comeback, The Sport's Greatest, Wasn't All It Seemed". Wall Street Journal. p. A1.
Jump up ^ Sports Illustrated, Volume 133, No. 24 (December 27, 2010). Page 70.
^ Jump up to: a b c Was the '51 Giants Comeback a Miracle, Or Did They Simply Steal the Pennant? Wall Street Journal, January 31, 2001 (behind subscription wall), retrieved October 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Prager, Joshua: The Echoing Green: The Untold Story of Bobby Thomson, Ralph Branca and The Shot Heard Round the World. New York: Pantheon Books, 2006. ISBN 0375421548.
^ Jump up to: a b Sal Yvars Dies at 84; Revealed Baseball Scheme. New York Times (December 11, 2008), retrieved October 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://poststar.com/sports/f9840904-aa7a-11df-93d9-001cc4c03286.html
Jump up ^ "Bobby Thomson". The Daily Telegraph. London. August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Prager (2006), p. 162
^ Jump up to: a b Wilkie, Jim (July 17, 2009). "Passionate quest for 'Miracle Ball'". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Lukas, Paul (September 21, 2011). "Did collector unearth Thomson history?". Page 2. ESPN.com. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ MacCambridge, Michael (ed.). ESPN SportsCentury [1951 National League Playoff]. New York: Hyperion ESPN Books. p. 171.
Jump up ^ The Shot Heard 'Round the World. si.com archive, retrieved April 7, 2016.
Further reading
Biegel, Brian, with Peter Thomas Fornatale. (2009). Miracle Ball: My Hunt for the Shot Heard 'Round the World. New York: Crown Publishing. ISBN 0-307-45268-9.
Branca, Ralph, with David Ritz. (2011). A Moment in Time: An American Story of Baseball, Heartbreak, and Grace. New York: Scribner. ISBN 1-451-63687-3.
Kahn, Roger. (1972). The Boys of Summer. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12239-0.
Prager, Joshua. (2006). The Echoing Green: The Untold Story of Bobby Thomson, Ralph Branca and the Shot Heard Round the World. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-375-42154-8.
Robinson, Ray. (2011). The Home Run Heard 'Round the World: The Dramatic Story of the 1951 Giants-Dodgers Pennant Race. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-48058-5.
Thomson, Bobby, with Lee Heiman and Bill Gutman. (1991). "The Giants Win the Pennant! The Giants Win the Pennant!": The Amazing 1951 National League Season and the Home Run that Won It All. New York: Zebra Books. ISBN 0-821-73437-7.
External links
Bobby Thomson's pennant-winning home run 1951. According to the description at Cleveland Public Library's site: "45? min., recorded on tape with Luke Sewell interview/ Between 1973 and 1987 historian Eugene Converse Murdock interviewed 76 former baseball players in 22 states. Most had been active in the 1930's. Murdock was chairman of the history department at Marietta College from 1972 until his retirement in 1986. The interviews were not professionally recorded, and the audio quality is variable."
Box score at Baseball Almanac
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values: 1969 National League Championship Series

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values: 1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

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values: 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)

values: 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)

values: 1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)

values: 1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)

values: 1961 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)

values: 1961 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)

values: 1962 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)

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values: 1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

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