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I Can't Make You Love Me
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For the unrelated song of the same name by Quiet Riot, see Guilty Pleasures (Quiet Riot album).
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Bonnie Raitt
from the album Luck of the Draw
Released
22 October 1991
Format
Cassette single
Recorded
1990
Genre
Pop
adult contemporary
Length
5:33
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
Bonnie Raitt
Don Was
Bonnie Raitt singles chronology
"Something to Talk About"
(1991) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1991)
"Something to Talk About"
(1991) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1991)
Music video
"I Can't Make You Love Me" on YouTube
"I Can't Make You Love Me" is a song written by Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin and recorded by American singer Bonnie Raitt for her eleventh studio album Luck of the Draw (1991). Released as the album's third single in 1991, "I Can't Make You Love Me" became one of Raitt's most successful singles, reaching the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top-ten on the Adult Contemporary.
In August 2000, Mojo magazine voted "I Can't Make You Love Me" the eighth best track on its The 100 Greatest Songs of All Time list.[1] The song is ranked at number 339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] On 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and recording
2 Composition and inspiration
3 Critical reception and accolades
4 Chart performance
5 Charts
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 Bruce Hornsby performance use
7 George Michael version
7.1 Background and release
7.2 Chart performance
8 Boyz II Men version
8.1 Background and release
8.2 Reception
8.3 Chart performance
9 Adele version
9.1 Background and live performances
9.2 Critical reception
9.3 Chart performance
10 Priyanka Chopra version
10.1 Promotion and music video
10.2 Critical reception
10.3 Chart performance
11 Notes
12 External links
Writing and recording[edit]
"I Can’t Make You Love Me" was written by Nashville writers Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin, who were well-noted for their successes in the country music arena. The song was rewritten many times before being finalized, months later. "We wrote, most every week, in Mike’s basement," Shamblin told Peter Cooper in an interview with the Nashville Tennessean. "And we’d worked on this song for more than six months. One day, he said, ‘Come up to the living room,’ where his piano was. He sat down and started playing this melody, and it was one of the most moving pieces of music I’d heard. I mean, it hit me in a hard way... Instantly, I knew it was the best thing I’d ever been a part of."[4] Reid and Shamblin were both country music songwriters, who according to some accounts originally wrote the song as a fast, bluegrass number. Upon slowing down the tempo considerably, they realized the song gained considerable power and thought about giving the song to one of three artists: Bonnie Raitt, Bette Midler or Linda Ronstadt. Eventually, the song made its way to Bonnie Raitt, who recorded the track for her eleventh studio album, "Luck of the Draw" (1991). Raitt co-produced the song with Don Was, while Bruce Hornsby provided a piano accompaniment.[5]
Composition and inspiration[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" was composed in the key of Bb major, with a moderate slow tempo of 72 beats per minute. Raitt's vocal range on the song spans from the low-note of F3 to the high-note of Bb4.[6] The idea for the song came to Reid while reading an article about a man arrested for getting drunk and shooting at his girlfriend's car. The judge asked him if he had learned anything, to which he replied, "I learned, Your Honor, that you can't make a woman love you if she don't."[7] Raitt recorded the vocal in just one take in the studio, later saying that it was so sad a song that she could not recapture the emotion: "We'd try to do it again and I just said, 'You know, this ain't going to happen.'"[8]
A pensive ballad, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was recorded against a quiet electric piano-based arrangement, with prominent piano fills and interpolations supplied by Bruce Hornsby. The singer depicts a now one-sided romantic relationship about to end in soft but brutally honest terms: "Turn down the lights, turn down the bed/Turn down these voices inside my head/Lay down with me, tell me no lies/Just hold me close, don't patronize... don't patronize me/'Cause I can't make you love me if you don't/You can't make your heart feel something that it won't," she sings.[9]
Critical reception and accolades[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" received acclaim from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised the track, calling it a "strong song" and picking it as one of the album's best tracks.[10] Steve Hochman of Los Angeles Times hailed the song as one of Raitt's most elegant tracks.[11] Elysa Gardner wrote for Rolling Stone that "Raitt's gorgeously understated rendering of 'I Can't Make You Love Me,' in which sentiments such as 'I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power/But you won't' are delivered with a quiet resignation that's worth a hundred glissandi in emotional weight."[12]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" entered many lists of the greatest songs of all time. In 2000, Mojo magazine placed it at number 8 on its "100 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.[5] The song is also ranked #339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] The website "Ultimate Classic Rock" placed the song at number 24 on their "25 Saddest Songs Ever", praising Bonnie Raitt vocals, writing that "she sings in one of her most impassioned vocals ever. There's real ache in every word that drips from her pained lips."[13]
The song's popularity helped solidify her remarkable late-in-career commercial success that had begun two years before. In the time since, "I Can't Make You Love Me" has gone on to become a pop standard and a mainstay of adult contemporary radio formats. For Raitt, the song was notoriously difficult to sing, due to its required vocal range, difficult phrasing and breathing, and the emotional content involved. At the televised Grammy Awards of 1992 Raitt performed it in an even more austere setting than on record, with just her and Hornsby highlighted. As she negotiated the final vocal line, she let out a big audible and visible sigh of relief that she had successfully gotten through it. Her live performance of the song was released on the 1994 album Grammy's Greatest Moments Volume III.[14] Raitt has continued to sing the song in all her concert tours:
“ I mean, 'I Can't Make You Love Me' is no picnic. I love that song, so does the audience. So it's almost a sacred moment when you share that, that depth of pain with your audience. Because they get really quiet, and I have to summon ... some other place in order to honor that space. ”
Chart performance[edit]
The song was a big hit for Raitt, reaching number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 6 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.[15] The song placed at number 100 on the Billboard Year-End chart of 1992.[16] In New Zealand, the song was Raitt's highest charting-single, reaching number 22,[17] while in Netherlands, the song charted moderately at number 43.[18]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17] 22
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[18] 43
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 18
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[20] 6
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
Position
US Billboard Year-End Chart[21] 100
Bruce Hornsby performance use[edit]
Although Bruce Hornsby had no hand in writing the song, his piano part on it became associated with him. Phil Collins described it as instantly recognizable as Hornsby's work.[22] Hornsby's own publicity material mentions his role on the "classic".[23]
On his own subsequent tours, Hornsby included the song in a number of his set lists. He sometimes let a female backing singer in his band take on the vocal.[24] Other times, he sang the song himself.[25]
George Michael version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by George Michael
from the album Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
A-side
"Older"
Released
20 January 1997
Format
Cassette
CD
Recorded
1996
Genre
Pop
Length
5:23
Label
Dreamworks
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
George Michael
George Michael singles chronology
"Spinning the Wheel"
(1996) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1997) "Star People"
(1997)
"Spinning the Wheel"
(1996) "Older/I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1997) "Star People"
(1997)
English singer George Michael covered "I Can't Make You Love Me" and released as a B-side of his single, "Older", which was released on 20 January 1997 as the fourth single from the album of the same name. Michael's version was also included on his compilation, Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998). "Older" and "I Can't Make You Love Me" both reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart.
Background and release[edit]
After the release of his second studio album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 (1990), George Michael started a legal battle with his label, Sony Music, declaring his contract was financially inequitable and creatively stifling. Michael sued Sony to end his contract, leading to a long and costly legal battle that ended in 1995, with Michael signing to the newly launched Dreamworks Records label in the United States and Virgin in the rest of the world.[26] In 1995, the singer released the song "Jesus to a Child", which became a huge hit worldwide, followed by "Fastlove" and "Spinning the Wheel", which also became successful songs from his third studio album, Older (1996).[27][28]
While choosing the fourth single from the album, the title track "Older" was announced as the chosen one, with an EP also titled "Older" being released to promote the song. The EP features four tracks, including "Older", "The Strangest Thing" (also from the album "Older") and two covers: the famous Brazilian song "Desafinado" and Bonnie Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me",[29] which became the official B-side of the single. Since it was released as a B-side to "Older", "I Can't Make You Love Me" also entered the UK Singles Chart at number 3.[28]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1997)
Position
UK Singles Chart[28] 3*
The peak position is the same of its A-side single "Older".
Boyz II Men version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Boyz II Men
from the album Love
Released
October 27, 2009
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2008
Genre
R&B
Length
5:17
Label
Decca
UMTV
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Boyz II Men singles chronology
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
(2008) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2009) "Iris"
(2009)
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
(2008) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2009) "Iris"
(2009)
American R&B vocal group Boyz II Men recorded "I Can't Make You Love Me" for their third cover album, Love (2009). Their version was released as the album's first single on October 27, 2009. Having a more R&B approach, "I Can't Make You Love Me" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, while it has achieved minor success on the Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
Background and release[edit]
After releasing their second cover album in 2007, Motown: A Journey Through Hitsville USA, which was well received by critics, but failed to produce a successful single, the band announced plans for a new cover album, that features cover versions of songs by "artists I don't think people would expect us to cover," according to member Shawn Stockman.[30] On October 23, 2009, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was announced as Love's lead-single.[31] The song was later released on October 27, 2009 through iTunes store.[32] For the band members, "We wanted to stay true to our roots, and it's a very beautiful song. And with our sound, we gave it an R&B twist. It's always been a favorite of ours, and we hope people will fall in love with it again."[33]
Reception[edit]
A writer for Soul Bounce wrote that "The biggest surprise on this album is the bluesy interpretation of Bonnie Rait's country hit, 'I Can't Make You Love Me.' Starting with strong lyrics and a deep fried instrumental, the Boyz make this song their own with their unique flow providing good contrast to a familiar melodic line."[34] Los Angeles Theatre called it an "impassioned" performance.[35] On the charts, the song performed very modestly, reaching number 75 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[36]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2009)
Position
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[36] 75
Adele version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Song by Adele
from the album Live at the Royal Albert Hall
Recorded
22 September 2011
Genre
Soul
Length
3:39
Label
XL
Columbia
Sony
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
In 2011, English singer Adele covered "I Can't Make You Love Me" for her first live album, Live at the Royal Albert Hall (2011). The song was acclaimed by music critics, who praised Adele's delivery and vocals. The song has charted on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top-forty, although it was never released as a single.
Background and live performances[edit]
In addition to receiving positive reviews from music critics, Adele's second album 21 became one of the most successful albums of the 2010s, being the biggest selling musical release for both 2011 and 2012 and entering the Guinness World Records. While promoting the album and its third single, "Set Fire to the Rain", Adele performed on the iTunes Festival London 2011. On the setlist, Adele performed tracks from 21 and a cover of "I Can't Make You Love Me". Before performing the track, Adele stated that it was one of her favorite songs and described it as "perfect in every way". She added that Bonnie Raitt has a "stunning voice" and went on to compliment the lyrics, calling them "mind-blowing".[37]
After the positive response of the iTunes Festival performance, Adele covered once again the track, during her first live album, Live at the Royal Albert Hall, recorded on 22 September 2011. She made further comment over the song, saying, "It blows me away" and further adding that she thought the song was "incredibly moving". Adele also commented on the emotions the song gives her, saying, "It makes me really, really happy and really, really devastated and depressed at the same time. It makes me think of my fondest and best times in my life, and it makes me think of the worst as well, and combined, probably is a recipe for disaster, but I do love this song. It's just fucking stunning."[38]
Critical reception[edit]
While reviewing her iTunes Festival performance, David Smyth of London Evening Standard wrote that Adele sang the song "with raw expressiveness."[39] Andrew Leahey of Allmusic wrote that the cover "made all the more tender by the rarely heard frailties in Adele’s voice."[40] Donald Gibson of Seattle Pi wrote that "she breathes new life into Bonnie Raitt's 'I Can't Make You Love Me,' with similar intimacy and conviction."[41]
While reviewing her Live at the Royal Albert Hall DVD, critics lauded Adele's rendition. Andy Gill of The Independent called it an "impassioned version,"[42] while Alex Young of Consequence of Sound named it "heartfelt and stunning."[43] Kit O'Toole of Blogcritics praised her rendition, writing that it "retains its heart-wrenching, devastating mood thanks to Adele's multi-layered voice. Hearing her perform this song, one would imagine her as an older woman who has survived lifelong heartaches instead of a 23-year-old."[44] Maria Schurr of PopMatters lauded the covers (Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me" and Bob Dylan's "Make You Feel My Love") on the live album, naming "the most successful," writing that "both seem deeply heartfelt, like Adele understands, and is the only one who can make these words that are not hers ring true."[45] Chris Willman of The Wrap called it "a classic of unrequited love that you'd have to swear she wrote if Bonnie Raitt hadn't turned it into the ultimate female weepie back when Adele was 2."[46]
Chart performance[edit]
Despite not being released as a single, "I Can't Make You Love Me" debuted at number 53 on the UK Singles Chart week of 30 September 2012.[47] It later peaked at number 37, on the following week, 6 October 2012,[48] becoming her eighth top-forty song and first non-single top-forty hit.
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
Irish Singles Chart[49] 78
Scottish Singles Chart[50] 34
UK Singles Chart[48] 37
Priyanka Chopra version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Priyanka Chopra
Released
22 April 2014 (2014-04-22)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Electropop
EDM
Length
3:38
Label
2101
DesiHits
Interscope
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
Manual "DJ Manian" Reuter
Priyanka Chopra singles chronology
"Exotic"
(2013) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2014)
"Exotic"
(2013) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2014)
Music video
"I Can't Make You Love Me" by Priyanka Chopra on YouTube
In 2014, Indian actress and singer Priyanka Chopra recorded a version of "I Can't Make You Love Me" for her upcoming debut studio album. Speaking about the song, Chopra said "This is one of my favorite tracks on the album. It's my ode to a classic, a song that I love, and one that says so much – this is for the actor in me."[51] Chopra's version of the song incorporates electronic dance music (EDM) and electropop in its production,.[52][53] which comes courtesy of German producer Manuel "DJ Manian" Reuter. Andy Gensler from Billboard commented on how different Chopra's version was from the original by Raitt, saying that "Chopra's more uptempo take on the song is more likely to connect with a generation of ravers with no idea of the song's origin"[54] The up-tempo version was demoed by American singer Ester Dean at the request of Interscope Records chairman Jimmy Iovine.[54]
It was released on 22 April 2014, by DesiHits, in association with 2101 Records and Interscope Records.[55][56] It is the third internationally released single following "In My City" (featuring will.i.am), which failed to achieve airplay in the United States,[57] and "Exotic". In the United Kingdom, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was originally planned to be Chopra's debut single, but was never released.[53]
Promotion and music video[edit]
Chopra's version of "I Can't Make You Love Me" was used to promote Beats by Dre. In a press release, it was revealed that the song would be used in the launch of a new campaign for the popular Beats Pill XL portable Bluetooth speaker. Chopra and her new track would be featured in the national ad campaign, that ran nationwide from May 1 through May 25.[58]
An accompanying music video was filmed in Los Angeles in February 2014.[59] It was conceptualised and directed by duo Jeff Nicholas and Jonathan Craven of The Uprising Creative.[56] Actor Milo Ventimiglia plays Chopra's love interest and scenes include Chopra throwing coloured paint at Ventimiglia as part of celebrations for the Indian festival of Holi, as well as embraces between the couple and solo scenes with Chopra.[59] According to NDTV, the video charts a fictional relationship that "goes from loving to hellish".[60] Behind the scenes footage was released to Access Hollywood.[61] It premiered in New York City on 30 April 2014.[52] Gensler noted that the video also contained product placement for Nokia and Beats by Dre speakers.[54]
Critical reception[edit]
CNN-News18 said, "The singer certainly sounds great, so much that it's almost unbelievable it is Priyanka Chopra. The number is definitely foot-tapping and you're going to be hearing this one at every restaurant and club in the days to come" and added that Chopra had "definitely done a great job recreating the Bonnie Ratt song".[62]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart
Peak
position
US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard)[63]
28
Notes[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c "Priyanka Chopra Covers 'I Can't Make You Love Me' By Bonnie Raitt: Video". Billboard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
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External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Bonnie Raitt
Studio albums
Bonnie Raitt (1971)
Give It Up (1972)
Takin' My Time (1973)
Streetlights (1974)
Home Plate (1975)
Sweet Forgiveness (1977)
The Glow (1979)
Green Light (1982)
Nine Lives (1986)
Nick of Time (1989)
Luck of the Draw (1991)
Longing in Their Hearts (1994)
Fundamental (1998)
Silver Lining (2002)
Souls Alike (2005)
Slipstream (2012)
Dig in Deep (2016)
Live albums
Road Tested (1995)
Singles
"Rock Steady" (with Bryan Adams)
"Runaway"
"Something to Talk About"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Love Sneakin' Up On You"
"You Got It"
Related articles
Discography
[show]
v
t
e
George Michael
Discography
Awards
Live performances
Studio albums
Faith
Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
Older
Songs from the Last Century
Patience
Live albums
Symphonica
Compilations
Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
Twenty Five
Extended plays
Five Live
Singles
"Careless Whisper"
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White Christmas (2015)
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Ventricular system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ventricular system
The ventricular system accounts for the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
Rotating 3D rendering of the four ventricles and connections. From top to bottom:
Blue - Lateral ventricles
Cyan - Interventricular foramina (Monro)
Yellow - Third ventricle
Red - Cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius)
Purple - fourth ventricle
Green - continuous with the central canal
(Apertures to subarachnoid space are not visible)
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Ventriculi cerebri
MeSH
A08.186.211.276
NeuroNames
ancil-192
FMA
78447
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
The ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities (ventricles) in the brain, where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced. Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus, a network of ependymal cells involved in the production of CSF. The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord (from the fourth ventricle) allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate. All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma, a specialised form of epithelium.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Ventricles
1.2 Development
2 Function
2.1 Flow of cerebrospinal fluid
2.2 Protection of the brain
3 Clinical significance
4 Additional images
5 See also
6 References
Structure[edit]
Rotating 3D rendering of the four ventricles.
The system comprises four ventricles:
lateral ventricles right and left (one for each hemisphere)
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
There are several foramina, openings acting as channels, that connect the ventricles. The interventricular foramina (also called the foramina of Monro) connect the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through which the cerebrospinal fluid can flow.
Name From To
interventricular foramina (Monro) lateral ventricles third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) third ventricle fourth ventricle
median aperture (Magendie) fourth ventricle subarachnoid space via the cisterna magna
right and left lateral aperture (Luschka) fourth ventricle subarachnoid space via the cistern of great cerebral vein
Ventricles[edit]
3D rendering of ventricles (lateral and anterior views).
The four cavities of the human brain are called ventricles.[1] The two largest are the lateral ventricles in the cerebrum; the third ventricle is in the diencephalon of the forebrain between the right and left thalamus; and the fourth ventricle is located at the back of the pons and upper half of the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. The ventricles are concerned with the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid[2]
Development[edit]
The structures of the ventricular system are embryologically derived from the neural canal, the centre of the neural tube.
As the part of the primitive neural tube that will develop into the brainstem, the neural canal expands dorsally and laterally, creating the fourth ventricle, whereas the neural canal that does not expand and remains the same at the level of the midbrain superior to the fourth ventricle forms the cerebral aqueduct. The fourth ventricle narrows at the obex (in the caudal medulla), to become the central canal of the spinal cord.
In more detail, around the third week of development, the embryo is a three-layered disc. The embryo is covered on the dorsal surface by a layer of cells called ectoderm. In the middle of the dorsal surface of the embryo is a linear structure called the notochord. As the ectoderm proliferates, the notochord is dragged into the middle of the developing embryo. The notochord becomes a canal within the embryo known as the neural canal.[3]
As the brain develops, by the fourth week of embryological development several swellings have formed within the embryo around the canal, near where the head will develop. These swellings represent different components of the central nervous system, and are three in number: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. These in turn divide into five sections. As these sections develop around the neural canal, the inner neural canal becomes known as primitive ventricles. These form the ventricular system of the brain:[3] The neural stem cells of the developing brain, principally radial glial cells, line the developing ventricular system in a transient zone called the ventricular zone.[4]
The prosencephalon divides into the telencephalon, which forms the cortex of the developed brain, and the diencephalon. The ventricles contained within the telencephalon become the lateral ventricles, and the ventricles within the diencephalon become the third ventricle.
The rhombencephalon divides into a metencephalon and myelencephalon. The ventricles contained within the rhombencephalon become the fourth ventricle, and the ventricles contained within the mesencephalon become the aqueduct of Sylvius.
Separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles is the septum pellucidum: a thin, triangular, vertical membrane which runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. During the third month of fetal development, a space forms between two septal laminae, known as the cave of septum pellucidum (CSP), which is a marker for fetal neural maldevelopment. During the fifth month of development, the laminae start to close and this closure completes from about three to six months after birth. Fusion of the septal laminae is attributed to rapid development of the alvei of the hippocampus, amygdala, septal nuclei, fornix, corpus callosum and other midline structures. Lack of such limbic development interrupts this posterior-to-anterior fusion, resulting in the continuation of the CSP into adulthood.[5]
Function[edit]
Flow of cerebrospinal fluid[edit]
MRI showing flow of CSF
The cerebrospinal fluid passes out through arachnoid villi into the venous sinuses of the skull.
A schematic illustration of the venous sinuses surrounding the brain.
The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord within their bony confines. CSF is produced by modified ependymal cells of the choroid plexus found in all components of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct and the posterior and anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramina into the third ventricle, and then the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the brainstem. From the fourth ventricle it can pass into the central canal of the spinal cord or into the subarachnoid cisterns via three small foramina: the central median aperture and the two lateral apertures.
The fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) into the venous sinuses, after which it passes through the jugular vein and major venous system. CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed.
The cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small, as are the foramina, which means that they can be easily blocked.
Protection of the brain[edit]
The brain and spinal cord are covered by the meninges, the three protective membranes of the tough dura mater, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the skull and spine provides further protection and also buoyancy, and is found in the subarachnoid space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater.
The CSF that is produced in the ventricular system is also necessary for chemical stability, and the provision of nutrients needed by the brain. The CSF helps to protect the brain from jolts and knocks to the head and also provides buoyancy and support to the brain against gravity. (Since the brain and CSF are similar in density, the brain floats in neutral buoyancy, suspended in the CSF.) This allows the brain to grow in size and weight without resting on the floor of the cranium, which would destroy nervous tissue.[6][7]
Clinical significance[edit]
The narrowness of the cerebral aqueduct and foramina means that they can become blocked, for example, by blood following a hemorrhagic stroke. As cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus within the ventricles, a blockage of outflow leads to increasingly high pressure in the lateral ventricles. As a consequence, this commonly leads in turn to hydrocephalus. Medically one would call this post-haemorrhagic acquired hydrocephalus, but is often referred to colloquially by the layperson as "water on the brain". This is an extremely serious condition regardless of the cause of blockage. An endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus in which an opening is created in the floor of the third ventricle using an endoscope placed within the ventricular system through a burr hole. This allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby shortcutting any obstruction. A surgical procedure to make an entry hole to access any of the ventricles is called a ventriculostomy. This is done to drain accumulated cerebrospinal fluid either through a temporary catheter or a permanent shunt.
Other diseases of the ventricular system include inflammation of the membranes (meningitis) or of the ventricles (ventriculitis) caused by infection or the introduction of blood following trauma or haemorrhage (cerebral haemorrhage or subarachnoid haemorrhage).
During embryogenesis in the choroid plexus of the ventricles, choroid plexus cysts can form.
The scientific study of CT scans of the ventricles in the late 1970s gave new insight into the study of mental disorders. Researchers found that individuals with schizophrenia had (in terms of group averages) larger than usual ventricles. This became the first "evidence" that schizophrenia was biological in origin and led to a renewed interest in its study via the use of imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superseded the use of CT in research in the role of detecting ventricular abnormalities in psychiatric illness.
Whether the enlarged ventricles is a cause or a result of schizophrenia has not yet been established. Enlarged ventricles are also found in organic dementia and have been explained largely in terms of environmental factors.[8] They have also been found to be extremely diverse between individuals, such that the percentage difference in group averages in schizophrenia studies (+16%) has been described as "not a very profound difference in the context of normal variation" (ranging from 25% to 350% of the mean average).[9]
The cave of septum pellucidum has been loosely associated with schizophrenia,[10] post-traumatic stress disorder,[11] traumatic brain injury,[12] as well as with antisocial personality disorder.[5] CSP is one of the distinguishing features of individuals displaying symptoms of dementia pugilistica.[13]
Additional images[edit]
Transverse dissection showing the ventricles of the brain.
View of ventricles.
Scheme showing relations of the ventricles to the surface of the brain.
Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from above.
View of ventricles and choroid plexus
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Blood–brain barrier
Circumventricular organs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ National Institutes of Health (December 13, 2011). "Ventricles of the brain". nih.gov.
Jump up ^ International school of medicine and applied sciences kisumu library
^ Jump up to: a b Schoenwolf, Gary C. (2009). ""Development of the Brain and Cranial Nerves"". Larsen's human embryology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 9780443068119.
Jump up ^ Rakic, P (October 2009). "Evolution of the neocortex: a perspective from developmental biology". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 10 (10): 724–35. doi:10.1038/nrn2719. PMC 2913577  . PMID 19763105.
^ Jump up to: a b Raine, Adrian; Lee, Lydia; Yang, Yaling; Colletti, Patrick (2010). "Neurodevelopmental marker for limbic maldevelopment in antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy". BJPsych". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 197 (3): 186–192. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078485. PMC 2930915  . PMID 20807962.
Jump up ^ Klein, S.B., & Thorne, B.M. Biological Psychology. Worth Publishers: New York. 2007.
Jump up ^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology. The Unit of Form and Function. 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill: New York. 2007
Jump up ^ Peper, Jiska S.; Brouwer, RM; Boomsma, DI; Kahn, RS; Hulshoff Pol, HE (2007). "Genetic influences on human brain structure: A review of brain imaging studies in twins". Human Brain Mapping. 28 (6): 464–73. doi:10.1002/hbm.20398. PMID 17415783.
Jump up ^ Allen JS, Damasio H, Grabowski TJ (August 2002). "Normal neuroanatomical variation in the human brain: an MRI-volumetric study". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 118 (4): 341–58. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10092. PMID 12124914.
Jump up ^ Galarza M, Merlo A, Ingratta A, Albanese E, Albanese A (2004). "Cavum septum pellucidum and its increased prevalence in schizophrenia: a neuroembryological classification". The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 16 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16.1.41. PMID 14990758.
Jump up ^ May F, Chen Q, Gilbertson M, Shenton M, Pitman R (2004). "Cavum septum pellucidum in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder". Biol. Psychiatry. 55 (6): 656–8. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.018. PMC 2794416  . PMID 15013837.
Jump up ^ Zhang L, Ravdin L, Relkin N, Zimmerman R, Jordan B, Lathan W, Uluğ A (2003). "Increased diffusion in the brain of professional boxers: a preclinical sign of traumatic brain injury?". AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 24 (1): 52–7. PMID 12533327.
Jump up ^ McKee, AC; Cantu, RC; Nowinski, CJ; Hedley-Whyte, ET; Gavett, BE; Budson, AE; Santini, VE; Lee, HS; Kubilus, CA; Stern, RA (Jul 2009). "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury". Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 68 (7): 709–35. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503. PMC 2945234  . PMID 19535999.
[hide]
v
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The ventricular system of the human brain
Lateral ventricles
Body
Lamina affixa
Stria terminalis
Collateral eminence
Occipital horn
Calcar avis
Septum pellucidum
Third ventricle
Recesses
Optic recess
Infundibular recess
Suprapineal recess
Pineal recess
Hypothalamic sulcus
Tela choroidea
Subfornical organ
Posterior commissure
Fourth ventricle
Roof
Superior medullary velum
Frenulum
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Taenia
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Upper
Facial colliculus
Locus coeruleus
Lower
Vagal trigone
Hypoglossal trigone
Area postrema
Obex
Medial eminence
Sulcus limitans
Fastigium
Apertures
Median/Magendie
Lateral recess to Lateral/Luschka
Other
Rhomboid fossa
Tela choroidea
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood–brain barrier
Cerebral aqueduct
Interventricular foramina
Perilymphatic duct
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Millvina Dean
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Millvina Dean
Millvina Dean signing autographs at the Titanic Convention in Southampton in April 1999
Born
Eliza Gladys Millvina Dean
(1912-02-02)2 February 1912
Branscombe, Devon, England
Died
31 May 2009(2009-05-31) (aged 97)
Ashurst, Hampshire, England
Cause of death
Pneumonia
Resting place
Cremated, ashes scattered in Southampton, Hampshire, UK
Occupation
civil servant, cartographer
Known for
Youngest passenger aboard and last remaining survivor of the RMS Titanic
Parent(s)
Bertram Frank Dean
Georgette Eva Light
Relatives
Bertram Vere Dean (brother)
Eliza Gladys "Millvina" Dean (2 February 1912 – 31 May 2009) was a British civil servant, cartographer, and the last remaining survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912.[1] At 2 months old, she was also the youngest passenger aboard.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Family
2 Aboard Titanic
3 Return to the United Kingdom
4 Education and careers
5 Later years
6 Doctor Who
7 Health issues
8 Death
9 The Millvina Fund
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
Family[edit]
Dean was born in Branscombe, England, to Bertram Frank Dean (1886–1912) and Georgette Eva Light (1879–1975). She had an older brother, Bertram Vere Dean, born 21 May 1910. She never married and had no children.[3] Her father died on the Titanic; her mother died on 16 September 1975, aged 96; and her brother died on 14 April 1992, age 81, the 80th anniversary of the iceberg collision.
Aboard Titanic[edit]
Dean's parents decided to leave the United Kingdom and emigrate to Wichita, Kansas, where her father had relatives, and his cousin owned a tobacco shop that he was going to co-own.[4] They were not supposed to be aboard the Titanic, but due to a coal strike, they were transferred onto it and boarded it as third-class passengers at Southampton, England. Dean was barely two months old when she boarded the ship. Her father felt its collision with the iceberg on the night of 14 April 1912, and after investigating, returned to his cabin, telling his wife to dress the children and go up on deck. Dean, her mother, and her brother were placed in Lifeboat 10 and were among the first third-class passengers to escape.[i] Her father, however, did not survive, and his body, if recovered, was never identified.
Return to the United Kingdom[edit]
Millvina (right) and Bertram
At first, Dean's mother wanted to continue on to Kansas to fulfil her husband's wish of a new life in the United States. However, after losing him and being left with two small children for whom to care, they returned to Britain aboard the RMS Adriatic. While aboard the ship, Dean attracted considerable attention. An article in the Daily Mirror dated 12 May 1912 described the ordeal:
“ [She] was the pet of the liner during the voyage, and so keen was the rivalry between women to nurse this lovable mite of humanity that one of the officers decreed that first and second class passengers might hold her in turn for no more than ten minutes.[5] ”
Education and careers[edit]
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Millvina and Bertram were raised mostly on pension funds and educated in Southampton schools, including The Gregg School. It was not until she was eight years old, and her mother was planning to remarry, that Dean was told she had been a passenger on the Titanic.
Dean worked for the British government during the Second World War and later as a purchaser for a local engineering firm. Other careers she held were as a cartographer, a secretary, and an assistant to a tobacconist.
Later years[edit]
It was not until Dean was in her seventies that she became involved in Titanic-related events. Over the years, she participated in numerous conventions, exhibitions, documentaries, radio and television interviews, and personal correspondence. In 1998, she travelled to the United States to participate in a Titanic convention in Springfield, Massachusetts, and another in 1999 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She had also been scheduled to appear at a commemoration of the 94th anniversary of the sinking in 2006, but a broken hip prevented her appearance.[6] She also appeared in the History special Titanic's Final Moments: Missing Pieces.[citation needed]
In October 2007, Dean became the last Titanic survivor following the death of Barbara West Dainton, who died at age 96 in England.[7]
Doctor Who[edit]
In December 2007, Dean criticised the BBC and its television programme Doctor Who for including an episode with a starship "cruise liner" called the Titanic, that was similar in appearance to the historical liner. Speaking from her nursing home, she said: "The Titanic was a tragedy which tore so many families apart. I lost my father and he lies on that wreck. I think it is disrespectful to make entertainment of such a tragedy."[8] A spokeswoman for the show said: "No offence was intended. 'Voyage of the Damned' is set on a spaceship called The Titanic and not a boat."[8]
Health issues[edit]
In April 2008, Dean had accepted an invitation to speak in Southampton at an event commemorating the 96th anniversary of the sinking, but ill health resulting from a respiratory infection forced her to cancel.[9]
In December 2008, at age 96, Dean was forced to sell several of her family's possessions to pay for her private medical care following a broken hip. These included a letter sent to her mother from the Titanic Relief Fund, and a suitcase given to her and her mother in New York following the sinking. Their sale raised approximately £32,000. In February 2009, she announced that she would be selling several more items to pay for her increasing medical costs which she said exceeded £3,000 a month.[10]
Death[edit]
Dean died of pneumonia on the morning of 31 May 2009, 97 years and seven weeks after the Titanic sailed, at a care home in Ashurst, Hampshire.[2][11] She was cremated, and on 24 October 2009, her ashes were scattered from a launch at the docks in Southampton where the Titanic set sail.[12]
The Millvina Fund[edit]
In response to the escalating cost of Dean's healthcare, The Millvina Fund was set up in April 2009 by the Belfast, British, and International Titanic Societies with the exclusive aim of taking care of her nursing home bills. It was given a boost by the Irish author and campaigning journalist, Don Mullan, at the opening of his worldwide Nokia photographic exhibition, A Thousand Reasons for Living, (featuring a portrait of Dean) in Dublin on 22 April 2009.[13] Mullan introduced an additional portrait of Dean's hands, as she signed a card for a Titanic autograph collector, which he produced as a limited edition of 100 copies. He made the edition available at €500 each and then challenged the director and stars of the film Titanic (1997) - James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Kate Winslet - singer Celine Dion, and the corporations Sony Music, 20th Century Fox, and Paramount Pictures to match him euro-for-euro to support her with her bills.[14][15] DiCaprio and Winslet led the way with a joint contribution of US$20,000. Cameron and Dion donated US$10,000 each.
See also[edit]
Grace Hanagan, last survivor of the Empress of Ireland disaster
Audrey Pearl, last survivor of the Lusitania sinking
Adella Wotherspoon, last survivor of the General Slocum disaster
Notes[edit]
i The first third-class passenger to escape the ship was Fahim Leeni in Boat 6. Neshan Krekorian and Florence "Kate" Thorneycroft were two fellow third-class passengers who escaped in Boat 10 with the Deans.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Last Titanic survivor, a baby put in a lifeboat, dies at 97". The Guardian. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Last Titanic survivor dies aged 97". BBC News. 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Sale fails to bail out last Titanic survivor". CNN. 20 April 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Mr Bertram Frank Dean – Titanic Biography". Encyclopedia Titanica. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Miss Elizabeth Gladys Dean – Millvina Dean – Biography of the last Titanic survivor". Encyclopedia Titanica. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Titanic survivor gets mayoral tribute". Basingstoke Gazette. 7 May 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "One of last Titanic survivors dies in England at age 96". Associated Press. 8 November 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Doctor Who Slammed By Titanic Survivor". Daily Record. 22 December 2007. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Keith Hamilton (9 April 2008). "Millvina Dean to miss Titanic commemorations". Southern Daily Echo. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Linda McKee (6 February 2009). "Titanic sale survivor sells memorabilia". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Burgess, Kaya (1 June 2009). "Millvina Dean, last remaining survivor of the Titanic, dies aged 97". The Times. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ashes of last Titanic survivor scattered". The Belfast Telegraph. 24 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Don Mullan's Nokia exhibit". Nokia.ie. Archived from the original on 2009-04-24.
Jump up ^ "Movie stars help Titanic survivor". BBC News. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Alison O'Riordan (10 May 2009). "Stars to the rescue as last Titanic survivor struggles to stay afloat". Sunday Independent. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
External links[edit]
Miss Elizabeth Gladys 'Millvina' Dean – Encyclopedia Titanica biography
Millvina Dean – Daily Telegraph obituary
AP Obituary from The Times
The Millvina Fund
Radio Interview with Millvina Dean Courtesy of KYKY-FM, St. Louis, Missouri, 1997.
Titanic Survivor gets Mayoral Tribute Southern Daily Echo, 7 May 2007
Millvina Dean Remembrance Thread at Encyclopedia Titanica.com
Video Interview with Millvina Dean, aged 97 on StoryVault
Honorary titles
Preceded by
Barbara Dainton Oldest living survivor of the RMS Titanic
16 October 2007 – 31 May 2009 Last remaining survivor
[show]
v
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RMS Titanic
First class facilities
Second and Third class facilities
Grand Staircase
Animals aboard
Musicians
Sinking
Alternative theories
Changes in safety practices
Legends and myths
Lifeboats
Lifeboat No. 1
British inquiry
US inquiry
Wreck of Titanic
Maritime Memorial Act
Deck officers
Edward J. Smith (Captain)
Henry Tingle Wilde (Chief Officer)
William McMaster Murdoch (First Officer)
Charles H. Lightoller (Second Officer)
Herbert Pitman (Third Officer)
Joseph G. Boxhall (Fourth Officer)
Harold G. Lowe (Fifth Officer)
James Paul Moody (Sixth Officer)
Joseph Bell (Machine Room Manager)
Crew members
Frederick Barrett
Harold Bride
William Denton Cox
Sid Daniels
Alfred Frank Evans
Frederick Fleet
Luigi Gatti
Robert Hichens
Violet Jessop
Charles Joughin
Reginald Lee
Evelyn Marsden
William Mintram
Jack Phillips
George Symons
Passengers
Fatalities
Allison family
Thomas Andrews
John Jacob Astor IV
David John Bowen
Archibald Butt
Thomas Byles
Walter Donald Douglas
Edith Corse Evans
Annie Funk
Jacques Futrelle
Sidney Leslie Goodwin
Benjamin Guggenheim
John Harper
Wallace Hartley
Charles Melville Hays
Edward Austin Kent
Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche
Francis Davis Millet
Harry Markland Molson
Michel Navratil
Eino Viljami Panula
W. T. Stead
Ida Straus
Isidor Straus
John Borland Thayer Jr.
Frank M. Warren, Sr.
George Dennick Wick
George Dunton Widener
Harry Elkins Widener
Duane Williams
George Henry Wright
Roderick Chisholm
Survivors
(last living)
Rhoda Abbott
Trevor Allison
Lillian Asplund
Madeleine Astor
Ruth Becker
Lawrence Beesley
Karl Behr
Dickinson Bishop
Mauritz Håkan Björnström-Steffansson
Elsie Bowerman
Francis Browne
Margaret "Molly" Brown
Daniel Buckley
Alden Caldwell
Helen Churchill Candee
Charlotte Drake Cardeza
Lucile Carter
Gladys Cherry
Millvina Dean
Margaret Devaney
Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon
Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon
Ethel Flora Fortune
Dorothy Gibson
Archibald Gracie IV
Frank John William Goldsmith
Edith Haisman
Henry S. Harper
Eva Hart
Margaret Bechstein Hays
Masabumi Hosono
J. Bruce Ismay
Eleanor Ileen Johnson
Louise Laroche
Louise Kink
Margaret Mannion
Michel Marcel Navratil
Alfred Nourney
Arthur Godfrey Peuchen
Winnifred Quick
Marjorie Newell Robb
Edith Rosenbaum
Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes
Emily Ryerson
Beatrice Sandström
Frederic Kimber Seward
Eloise Hughes Smith
Jack Thayer
Marian Thayer
Barbara West
Ella Holmes White
R. Norris Williams
Marie Grice Young
Monuments
and memorials
General
Memorials and monuments to the RMS Titanic
Australia
Bandstand (Ballarat)
United Kingdom
Engine Room Heroes (Liverpool)
Engineers (Southampton)
Musicians (Southampton)
Titanic (Belfast)
Orchestra (Liverpool)
United States
Straus Park (New York City)
Titanic (New York City)
Titanic (Washington, D.C.)
Butt-Millet Memorial Fountain (Washington, D.C.)
Popular culture
Books
Futility, or the Wreck of the Titan (1898)
A Night to Remember (book)
Polar the Titanic Bear
Films
Saved from the Titanic (1912)
In Nacht und Eis (1912)
Atlantic (1929)
Titanic (1943)
Titanic (1953)
A Night to Remember (1958)
The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964)
Raise the Titanic (1980)
Secrets of the Titanic (1986)
Titanica (1992)
Titanic (1997)
The Legend of the Titanic (1999)
Titanic: The Legend Goes On (2000)
Ghosts of the Abyss (2003)
Tentacolino (2004)
Titanic II (2010)
Television
S.O.S. Titanic (1979)
Titanic: The Complete Story (1994)
Titanic (1996)
No Greater Love (1996)
"A Flight to Remember" (Futurama) (1999)
Titanic (2012)
Titanic: Blood and Steel (2012)
Saving the Titanic (2012)
Music
"The Titanic (It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down)" (folk song)
The Sinking of the Titanic (music composition)
Titanic (musical)
The Unsinkable Molly Brown (musical)
"My Heart Will Go On" (Celine Dion song)
"Nearer, My God, to Thee" (song)
Video games
Titanic: Adventure Out of Time (1996)
Titanic: Honor and Glory (TBA)
Museums
and exhibitions
SeaCity Museum (Southampton)
Titanic Museum (Branson, Missouri)
Titanic Museum (Pigeon Forge, Tennessee)
Maritime Museum of the Atlantic (Halifax)
Titanic Belfast
Places
Titanic (Canada)
Titanic Canyon
Titanic Quarter, Belfast
Cape Race, Newfoundland
Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Mount Olivet Cemetery (Halifax)
Related
Ships
RMS Olympic
RMS Carpathia
HMHS Britannic
CS Mackay-Bennett
Replica Titanic
Titanic II
Others
White Star Line
Titanic Historical Society
Encyclopedia Titanica
Halomonas titanicae
Women and children first
SOS
Robert Ballard
[show]
v
t
e
Last remaining survivors of the RMS Titanic disaster
2000–2009
Millvina Dean (1912–2009)
Barbara West (1911–2007)
Lillian Asplund (1906–2006)
Winnifred Quick (1904–2002)
Michel Navratil (1908–2001)
1995–1999
Eleanor Johnson (1910–1998)
Louise Laroche (1910–1998)
Edith Brown (1896–1997)
Eva Hart (1905–1996)
Beatrice Sandström (1910–1995)
1990–1994
Robertha "Bertha" Watt (1899–1993)
Ellen Shine (1891–1993)
Marjorie Newell (1889–1992)
Louise Kink (1908–1992)
Bertram Dean (1910–1992)
Alden Caldwell (1911–1992)
Michael Joseph (1907–1991)
Frank "Philip" Aks (1911–1991)
George Touma (1904–1991)
Anna "Annie" McGowan (1897–1990)
Ruth Becker (1899–1990)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 26843915
LCCN: no2007064352
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millvina_Dean&oldid=835249752"
Categories:
1912 births
2009 deaths
British people of World War II
British cartographers
Women cartographers
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in England
People from East Devon (district)
People from New Forest (district)
People from Southampton
RMS Titanic's crew and passengers
People educated at The Gregg School
RMS Titanic survivors
Last living survivors
Hidden categories:
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