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Caerleon
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The city of Chester was also historically called Caerleon. For the champion racehorse, see Caerleon II
Caerleon
Welsh: Caerllion

A view of Caerleon from St Julians, Newport
Caerleon
Caerleon shown within Newport
Population
8,061 (2011 census)
OS grid reference
ST336909
Principal area
Newport
Ceremonial county
Gwent
Country
Wales
Sovereign state
United Kingdom
Post town
NEWPORT
Postcode district
NP18
Dialling code
01633
Police
Gwent
Fire
South Wales
Ambulance
Welsh
EU Parliament
Wales
UK Parliament
Newport West
List of places
UK
Wales
Newport
51°36′54″N 2°57′32″W / 51.615°N 2.959°W / 51.615; -2.959Coordinates: 51°36′54″N 2°57′32″W / 51.615°N 2.959°W / 51.615; -2.959
Caerleon (/kərˈliːən/; Welsh: Caerllion) is a suburban town and community, situated on the River Usk[1][2] in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, Wales. Caerleon is a site of archaeological importance, being the location of a notable Roman legionary fortress, Isca Augusta, and an Iron Age hillfort. The Wales National Roman Legion Museum and Roman Baths Museum are in Caerleon close to the remains of Isca Augusta. The town also has strong historical and literary associations, as Geoffrey of Monmouth elevated the significance of Caerleon as a major centre of British history in his Historia Regum Britanniæ, and Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote Idylls of the King while staying there.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Roman fortress
1.2 Middle Ages
1.3 Welsh Revolt
1.4 English Civil War
1.5 18th and 19th centuries
1.6 Mari Lwyd
2 Arthur and Caerleon
3 Modern Caerleon
3.1 Overview
3.2 Governance
3.3 Geography
3.4 Roads
3.5 Railways
3.6 Airports
3.7 Education
3.8 Primary schools
3.9 Secondary education
3.10 Higher education
3.11 Housing
3.12 Sport
3.13 Culture and community
4 Notable people
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography
8 External links
History[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2010)
Roman fortress[edit]
Main article: Isca Augusta
Remains of the Roman amphitheatre
A map of Roman legionary camps in Europe with Caerleon (3) noted
Caerleon is a site of considerable archaeological importance as the location of a Roman legionary fortress or castra. It was the headquarters for Legio II Augusta from about 75 to 300 AD, and on the hill above was the site of an Iron Age hillfort.[3] The Romans called the site Isca after the River Usk (Welsh Wysg). The name Caerleon may derive from the Welsh for "fortress of the legion"; around 800 AD it was referred to as Cair Legeion guar Uisc.[4]
Substantial excavated Roman remains can be seen, including the military amphitheatre, thermae (baths) and barracks occupied by the Roman Legion. In August 2011 the remains of a Roman harbour were discovered in Caerleon.[5] According to Gildas, followed by Bede, Roman Caerleon was the site of two early Christian martyrdoms, those of Julius and Aaron. Recent finds suggest Roman occupation of some kind as late as AD 380.[6] Roman remains have also been discovered at The Mynde, itself a distinctive historical site.[7]
Middle Ages[edit]
During the Middle Ages, Caerleon or nearby Venta Silurum (now Caerwent) was the administrative centre of the Kingdom of Gwent. The parish church, St Cadoc's was founded on the site of the legionary headquarters building probably sometime in the 6th century. A Norman-style motte and bailey castle was built outside the eastern corner of the old Roman fort, probably by the Welsh Lord of Caerleon, Caradog ap Gruffydd. It was held in 1086 by Turstin FitzRolf, standard bearer to William the Conqueror at Hastings. From the apparent banishment of Turstin by William II, it was held from 1088 by Wynebald de Ballon, brother of Hamelin de Ballon who held Abergavenny further up the River Usk. Battles raged between the Welsh and Normans and in 1171 Iorwerth ab Owain and his two sons destroyed the town of Caerleon and burned the Castle. Caerleon was an important market and port and presumably became a borough by 1171, although no independent charters exist. Both castle and borough were seized by William Marshal in 1217 and Caerleon castle was rebuilt in stone. The remains of many of the old Roman buildings stood to some height until this time and were probably demolished for their building materials.
Welsh Revolt[edit]
Round Tower at The Hanbury Arms, 2010
During the Welsh Revolt in 1402 Rhys Gethin, General for Owain Glyndŵr, took Caerleon Castle together with those of Newport, Cardiff, Llandaff, Abergavenny, Caerphilly and Usk by force.[8] This was probably the last time Caerleon castle was ruined, though the walls were still standing in 1537 and the castle ruins only finally collapsed in 1739 - their most obvious remnant is the Round Tower at the Hanbury Arms public house. The Tower is a Grade II* listed building.[9]
English Civil War[edit]
Across the Afon Lwyd from Caerleon, in the region of Penrhos Farm, are two English Civil War forts. In 1648 Oliver Cromwell's troops camped overnight on Christchurch Hill, overlooking Newport, before their attack on Newport Castle the next day.
18th and 19th centuries[edit]
Caerleon in 1800, from the south and showing the bridge
The old wooden Caerleon Bridge was destroyed in a storm in 1779 and the present stone version was erected in the early 19th century. Until the Victorian development of the downstream docks at Newport Docks, Caerleon acted as the major port on the River Usk. The wharf was located on the right bank, to the west of today's river bridge which marked the limit of navigability for masted ships. A tinplate works and mills were established on the outskirts of the town, in Ponthir, around this time, and Caerleon expanded to become almost joined to Newport.[10]
A plaque on the Mynde wall in High Street references the Newport Rising of 1839 in which John Frost of Newport was a prominent figure in the Chartist movement. John Jenkins, owner of Mynde House and owner of Ponthir Tinplate Works, built the wall to keep demonstrators out.
The name of the former Drovers' Arms on Goldcroft Common bore witness to the ancient drovers' road on the old road from Malpas. It is thought that the common itself was once the site of a cattle market.[11]
Mari Lwyd[edit]
Main article: Mari Lwyd
Writing in 1951, local historian and folklorist Fred Hando described the traditional journey through Caerleon of the Mari Lwyd or "Venerable Mary", a tradition similar to that of Hoodening found in Kent, Padstow and Cheshire, and involving a man dressed with a horse's skull. The jaw of the skull could be made to move, with the aid of rods. Hando's informant, Gus Sergeant of Bulmoor, reported that the Mari Lwyd had not been seen in the town for at least 20 years, but he was still able to describe it:
"We filled the eye-holes with wadding and 'pop alleys' and fixed great ears made of wadding stiffened with cardboard; then we stuck rosettes on the sides of the skull and strung long coloured ribbons as reins."
One man acted as leader of the Mari, holding the ribbons, and then came the Mari itself draped in a white sheet. It was followed by three singers, who sang in Welsh although "they didn't understand the words". On occasion, the procession of the Mari Lwyd would start as far north as Newbridge-on-Usk and proceed through the town, ending as far south as Goldcliff. The party would be invited into houses along the way and given "money and home-made cakes and gallons of beer". Another of Hando's informants provides a description, dated 1841, of the Yuletide tradition:
"The custom of chaunting at their neighbours' doors on the twelfth night ... on which occasion they are fantastically dressed with ribbons of various colours. One of the party carries a horse's head decorated in the same manner. Representations of trees, to which are appended apples and oranges, are also carried about, and on one of the branches an artificial bird, called "Aderyn Pica Llwyd" (the grey hobgoblin bird) is placed."[12]
Arthur and Caerleon[edit]
In his 1191 Itinerarium Cambriae, written about a tour of Wales in 1188 to recruit for the Third Crusade, the author Gerald of Wales says of Caerleon, "the Roman ambassadors here received their audience at the court of the great king Arthur." [13]
Geoffrey of Monmouth, the first author to write at length of King Arthur, makes Caerleon one of the most important cities in Britain in his Historia Regum Britanniæ. He gives it a long, glorious history from its foundation by King Belinus to when it becomes a metropolitan see, the location of an Archbishopric superior to Canterbury and York, under Saint Dubricius, followed by St David who moved the archbishopric to St David's Cathedral.
Geoffrey makes Arthur's capital Caerleon and even Sir Thomas Malory has Arthur re-crowned there. The still-visible Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon has been associated with Arthur's 'Round-Table' element of the tales;[14] and has been suggested as a possible source for the legend.[15]
"For it was located in a delightful spot in Glamorgan, on the River Usk, not far from the Severn Sea. Abounding in wealth more than other cities, it was suited for such a ceremony. For the noble river I have named flows along it on one side, upon which the kings and princes who would be coming from overseas could be carried by ship. But on the other side, protected by meadow and woods, it was remarkable for royal palaces, so that it imitated Rome in the golden roofs of its buildings... Famous for so many pleasant features, Caerleon was made ready for the announced feast." (Historia Regum Britanniae "History of the Kings of Britain")
Though the huge scale of the ruins along with Caerleon's importance as an urban centre in early medieval Kingdom of Gwent may have inspired Geoffrey, the main historical source for Arthur's link with "the camp of the legion" is the list of the twelve battles of Arthur in the 9th century Historia Brittonum. However the "urbs legionis" mentioned there may rather more probably be Chester – or even York.[16] "Camelot" first appears in Chrétien de Troyes' Lancelot, though Chretien also mentions Caerleon.
Plaque at birthplace of Arthur Machen, The Square, High Street
Caerleon also has associations with later Arthurian literature as the birthplace of the writer Arthur Machen who often used it as a location in his work. The Hanbury Arms was visited by Tennyson who lodged there while he wrote his Morte d'Arthur (later incorporated into his Idylls of the King).[17] Today Caerleon has a modern statue of a knight, "The Hanbury Knight", in reflecting stainless steel by Belgian sculptor Thierry Lauwers.[18] In Michael Morpurgo's novel Arthur, High King of Britain, Caerleon is the castle where Arthur unknowingly commits incest with his half-sister Morgaine, resulting in the conception of his son Mordred who will later bring about his downfall. Mary Stewart's account of the Arthurian legends also mentions Caerleon as a place where Arthur held court. In that telling, the incest took place at Luguvalium.[19]
Modern Caerleon[edit]
Overview[edit]
Caerleon is centred around a small common. Goldcroft Common is the only remaining of the seven commons of Caerleon. Most of the small businesses of Caerleon are near the common as is the Town Hall which has a World War I and World War II memorial garden. Caerleon library is located within the Town Hall and is associated with Newport Central Library. The intersection of High Street and Cross Street is known as The Square.
Goldcroft Common 2010
Buildings of note are Saint Cadoc's Church, the National Roman Legion Museum, the Roman Baths Museum, The Mynde, The Priory Hotel, Caerleon Catholic Church and Rectory, Caerleon Endowed School, the Round Tower, the Toll House at Caerleon Bridge, The Malt House hotel, former University of South Wales Caerleon Campus and St Cadoc's Hospital. The historic remains of the Roman Legionary Fortress Isca Augusta is popular with tourists and school parties and there is a marked heritage trail in the town. The Millennium Wildlife Garden is a small nature garden on the banks of the River Usk. The hilltop vantage point at Christchurch provides panoramic views of the Vale of Usk and Bristol Channel.
The municipal playing fields are at Caerleon Broadway and a children's playground is in Cold Bath Road. Private sport and leisure facilities are available at the Celtic Manor. Caerleon has a few restaurants, cafés and take-away food outlets and many public houses that have restaurant facilities. The Ffwrrwm is a small specialist shopping courtyard with an eclectic display of sculpture. Caerleon also has its own station of Gwent Police and an active community policing presence.
Governance[edit]
Caerleon is an electoral ward of Newport City Council. The ward includes Christchurch and Bulmore. Caerleon is within the UK Parliamentary constituency of Newport West, the National Assembly for Wales constituency of Newport West and the Wales European Parliament Constituency.
Geography[edit]
The centre of Caerleon sits in the Vale of Usk and the River Usk forms part of the community's southern boundary. In the north-west part of the town, across the railway bridges, the land rises sharply up to Lodge Wood and its hill fort. The community's western boundary is formed by the A4042 road (Heidenheim Drive) and the northern boundary partly by the Malthouse Road and partly by the Afon Llwyd river which flows southwards to the River Usk along the town's eastern side. Across the River Usk from Caerleon, to the south-east and east, St Julian's Park, the village of Christchurch and the upland region around Christchurch Hill as far as the M4 motorway and the A449 road are also within the community.
Roads[edit]
Caerleon Town Hall
Caerleon is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from Newport city centre and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) from Cwmbran. Caerleon is 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the M4 motorway.
Caerleon is accessed via Junction 25 (Caerleon Road) for westbound M4 traffic. There is no M4 Junction 25 exit for eastbound M4 traffic so for eastbound traffic Caerleon is accessed via M4 Junction 26, then A4051 (Malpas Road) and A4042 (Heidenheim Drive) to the Junction 25A offslip.
An alternative route to Caerleon is M4 Junction 24 (Coldra), B4237 (Chepstow Road), then B4236 (Royal Oak Hill/Belmont Hill) over Christchurch.
Conversely, traffic joining the M4 from Caerleon can join the M4 eastbound at Junction 25 but to join the M4 westbound traffic must follow the Junction 25A offslip, Heidenheim Drive, Malpas Road route to M4 Junction 26. Alternatively, traffic can join the M4 both eastbound and westbound at Junction 24.
The Ffwrrwm, Caerleon
The B4596 (Caerleon Road) links Newport city centre to Caerleon via M4 Junction 25, crossing Caerleon Bridge into Caerleon High Street. The B4236 (Ponthir Road) links Caerleon to Cwmbran. The Usk Road links Caerleon to Usk.
The centre of Caerleon (High Street, Mill Street and Castle Street) is a one-way traffic system and there are car parks at Broadway and Cold Bath Road. A regular bus service links Caerleon to Newport city centre and Cwmbran. There is a limited City Sightseeing open-top bus service in summer months. A cycle and pedestrian walkway alongside the River Usk links Caerleon to Malpas and Newport city centre at Crindau, route 88 of the National Cycle Network.[20]
Railways[edit]
Trains pass through Caerleon on the Welsh Marches Line, but trains do not stop at the closed Caerleon railway station. The nearest passenger stations are Newport railway station, and Cwmbran railway station.
Airports[edit]
The nearest airport is Cardiff Airport (30 miles/48 km). Located at Rhoose on the Vale of Glamorgan Line, requiring a change at Cardiff Central.
Education[edit]
Education is generally conducted in the English language in schools but at least a mandatory Welsh language content must be provided under the Welsh education curriculum. There are no Welsh-medium education schools in Caerleon but there are three primary schools elsewhere in Newport; Ysgol Gymraeg Bro Teyrnon in Brynglas, Ysgol Gymraeg Casnewydd in Ringland and Ysgol Gymraeg Ifor Hael in Bettws. The nearest Welsh-medium secondary school is Ysgol Gyfun Gwynllyw in Trevethin, Pontypool.
Primary schools[edit]
The primary schools are Charles Williams Church in Wales Primary School (one of the largest Church Primary Schools in Wales) and Lodge Hill Primary School.[21][22]
Secondary education[edit]
Main article: Caerleon Comprehensive School
Higher education[edit]
A former campus of the University of South Wales is located in Caerleon. The campus closed on 31 July 2016. The campus was the main campus of the University of Wales, Newport and the second largest campus of the University of South Wales after the merger of universities in 2013. It hosted a variety of undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including education, sports and photography. The campus had extensive sports facilities, library, students' union shop, students' union bar and accommodation blocks.
During September 2014, It was announced by the University of South Wales that the Caerleon campus would close in 2016[23] with courses being integrated into the remaining campuses. The University intends to sell the campus for housing development but there is strong opposition to the proposed re-development from local residents.[24] The Caerleon Civic Society has asked Cadw, the body that looks after historic monuments and buildings in Wales, to give the Edwardian main building Grade II Listed building status to save it from demolition.[25] On 7 August 2016 the Welsh Government announced that they would recommend that the main building, gatehouses and gate-piers be listed as ‘buildings of special architectural and historic interest’. The University of South Wales expressed their continued opposition to the proposed listing but the announcement was welcomed by local politicians and the Caerleon Civic Society.[26] Grade II listing of the Main Building, the Principal’s Residence, Gate Piers and Caretaker’s / Gardener’s Lodge was confirmed on the 3 March 2017 .[27]
Housing[edit]
Historically housing was largely located on the west bank of the River Usk between Caerleon Bridge and Caerleon Common with a small number of houses on the east bank. A number of substantial housing developments have been created to the West of Caerleon: Lodge Hill, Home Farm, Roman Reach, Trinity View, Brooklea and The Brades as well as smaller cluster developments near the centre of the town. Substantial housing developments in nearby Ponthir and Cwmbran has also increased traffic congestion in Caerleon.
Sport[edit]
In July 1934 land at Bulmore Farm was acquired to build an open-air swimming pool, cafe and restaurant. Bulmore Lido, as it became well known, opened to members of the public in July that year.[28] It closed in the 1980s.
The Caerleon ward is home to the Celtic Manor Resort, location of the 2010 Ryder Cup.[29] Caerleon also has a good quality 9-hole municipal golf course, driving range and golf clubhouse. However, during winter months the golf course is prone to flooding due to its location alongside the River Usk.
The association football club Caerleon A.F.C. is based in Caerleon along with two rugby union clubs; Newport High School Old Boys RFC and Caerleon RFC whose grounds are less than a mile apart. Both rugby clubs have large junior sections and Caerleon Junior Youth Football Club is a substantial junior football club.
Caerleon Bowls Club has a good quality outdoor green.
Culture and community[edit]
Tree sculpture in Caerleon
Caerleon has hosted an arts festival in July each year since 2002, which includes tree sculptors from around the world.[30] Many of the sizeable sculptures are retained around Caerleon as a Sculpture park and local landmarks. The arts festival coincides with the Roman military re-enactment in the amphitheatre which demonstrates Roman military armour, infantry tactics, cavalry tactics, equipment and siege engines such as ballistae.
Live music events and Visual arts are staged at venues including the open-air Roman Amphitheatre, which hosts plays in the summer.
An informative and wide-ranging history of Caerleon was published in 1970 by local amateur historian Primrose Hockey MBE,[31] who was a founder member of Caerleon Local History Society. An archive of her local history collection is kept by the Gwent Record Office.[32]
St Cadoc's Hospital in Caerleon has been featured as a location of episodes in the BBC television programmes Doctor Who and Being Human.
Notable people[edit]
Inclusion criteria: notable people who were born, resided or were schooled in Caerleon.
See also Category:People from Caerleon
The Darling Buds (Indie band)[33]
John Byrne, Victoria Cross recipient
Roger Freestone, Wales international footballer
Len Hill, footballer and cricketer
Gary Hocking, motorcycle racer
Arthur Machen, author
James May, television presenter
Lyndon Mustoe, Wales international rugby union player
Carl Sargent, author
Caroline Sheen, actress
James Sommerin, chef
Wendy van der Plank, actress
Nigel Vaughan, Wales international footballer
Nick Walne, Wales international rugby union player
Violet Lawrence (born 20 June 1908, in 2010 became Britain's oldest surviving police widow).[34]
See also[edit]
Caerleon II, racehorse
Caerleon Urban District
HMS Caerleon, ship
Pontypool, Caerleon and Newport Railway
Usk Valley Walk
Brigandine (video game) in which Caerleon is a playable country
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Caerleon - Newport City Council". www.newport.gov.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Geograph:: The River Usk, looking downstream (C) Roger Cornfoot". geograph.org.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lodge Wood Camp". Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Hywel Wyn Jones, The Place-Names of Wales, University of Wales Press, 2005, p.19, ISBN 0-7083-1458-9
Jump up ^ "Caerleon Roman harbour find hailed". southwalesargus.co.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Priory Field Caerleon Dig 2008 Cardiff University and UCL Dr Peter Guest and Dr Andrew Gardner". caerleon.net. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Mynde, Caerleon, Wales". caerleon.net. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Owain Glyndwr, The Bell at Caerleon". The Bull Inn, Caerleon, June 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Stuff, Good. "Tower to the south west of, and attached to, The Hanbury Arms". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Caerleon Mills and Ponthir Tinplate Works by Eija Kennerley from Gwent Local History". Caerleon.net. Autumn 1980. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Caerleon Market Hall by Eija Kennerley from Gwent Local History". caerleon.net. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Hando, F.J., (1951) "Journeys in Gwent", R. H. Johns, Newport: Chapter 2 - The Mari Llwyd at Caerleon.
Jump up ^ "Gerald of Wales | Book I, Ch. 5: Usk and Caerleon". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
Jump up ^ Ottaway, Patrick; Michael Cyprien (1987). A traveller's guide to Roman Britain. Historical Times. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-918678-19-5.
Jump up ^ Castleden, Rodney (1999). King Arthur: The Truth Behind the Legend. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-415-19575-1.
Jump up ^ Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews, "The Arthurian Battle List" https://www.scribd.com/doc/35181158/The-Arthurian-Battle-List-of-the-Historia-Brittonum-July-2010
Jump up ^ "King Arthur - Caerleon And The Legend". caerleon.net. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "cv nederlands". thierry-lauwers.net. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Mary (1983). The Wicked Day. USA: Ballantine Books. 143, 147. ISBN 0-449-20519-3.
Jump up ^ "'Vital' Caerleon cycle link opens". southwalesargus.co.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "charleswilliams". charleswilliams. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Caerleon Lodge Hill Primary School". www.caerleonlodgehillprimary.org. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Campus Changes". University of South Wales Campus Changes. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Campus Changes". Retrieved 18 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Open Letter". Retrieved 2 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lifeline for part of Caerleon Campus after minister says building should be listed". Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Historic Caerleon college campus given listed status by Cadw". Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Bulmore Lido, Caerleon also Bullmore Bullmoor". caerleon.net. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dates for the 2010 Ryder Cup Announced « Ryder Cup Diary". www.ryderdiary.com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Caerleon Festival". caerleon-arts.org. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Hockey, Primrose (1981) Caerleon Past and Present. Risca: Starling Press ISBN 0-903434-43-1
Jump up ^ "Gwent Record Office, Primrose Hockey Collection, ca. 1915-1993, D4165 at nationalarchives.gov.uk" (PDF). Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Darling Buds - MTV UK". Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Caerleon lady marks 105th birthday with five generations". southwalesargus.co.uk. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Barber, Chris (1996) Arthurian Caerleon: in literature and legend. Blorenge Books ISBN 1-872730-10-8
Brewer, Richard J. (2000) Caerleon and the Roman Army: Roman Legionary Museum, a guide ; 2nd ed. Cardiff: National Museum Wales Books ISBN 0-7200-0488-8 (1st ed. Caerleon - Isca: the Roman Legionary Museum, 1987)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caerleon.
Photos of Caerleon and surrounding area
Caerleon Castle
Roman Caerleon & King Arthur
National Roman Legion Museum
Home to the Academy of Historical Fencing
Encyclopædia Britannica: Caerleon
Caerleon Arts Home Page
Caerleon Net
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VIAF: 123177738
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text:
Don't Bring Me Down
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Electric Light Orchestra song. For other uses, see Don't Bring Me Down (disambiguation).
"Don't Bring Me Down"
Artwork for UK, Australian, and some other European vinyl releases
Single by Electric Light Orchestra
from the album Discovery
B-side
"Dreaming of 4000"
Released
1979
Format
7" single
Genre
Pop rock[1]
Length
4:02
Label
Jet
Songwriter(s)
Jeff Lynne
Producer(s)
Jeff Lynne
Electric Light Orchestra singles chronology
"The Diary of Horace Wimp"
(1979) "Don't Bring Me Down"
(1979) "Confusion/Last Train to London"
(1979)
"The Diary of Horace Wimp"
(1979) "Don't Bring Me Down"
(1979) "Confusion/Last Train to London"
(1979)
Audio sample
file
help
Discovery track listing
show
9 tracks
Side one
"Shine a Little Love"
"Confusion"
"Need Her Love"
"The Diary of Horace Wimp"
Side two
"Last Train to London"
"Midnight Blue"
"On the Run"
"Wishing"
"Don't Bring Me Down"
Music video
"Don't Bring Me Down" on YouTube
"Don't Bring Me Down" is the ninth and final track on the English rock band the Electric Light Orchestra's 1979 album Discovery. It is their highest-charting hit in the United States to date.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Misheard lyric
3 Music video
4 Jeff Lynne version
5 Personnel
6 Cover versions, samplings and remixes
7 Chart and sales
7.1 Weekly charts
7.2 Year-end charts
7.3 Sales and certifications
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
“ It's a great big galloping ball of distortion. I wrote it at the last minute, 'cos I felt there weren't enough loud ones on the album. This was just what I was after. ”
— Discovery remaster (2001), Jeff Lynne
"Don't Bring Me Down" is the band's second-highest-charting hit in the UK where it peaked at number 3[2] and their biggest hit in the United States, peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100.[3] It also charted well in Canada (number 1) and Australia (number 6). This was the first song by ELO not to include a string section.[4]
The drum track is in fact a tape loop, coming from "On the Run" looped and slowed down.[4]
The song ends with the sound of a door slamming. According to producer Jeff Lynne, this was a metal fire door at Musicland Studios where the song was recorded.[4]
The song was dedicated to the NASA Skylab space station, which re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and burned up over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on 11 July 1979.[4]
On 4 November 2007, Lynne was awarded a BMI (Broadcast Music, Inc) Million-Air certificate for "Don't Bring Me Down" for the song having reached two million airplays.
Misheard lyric[edit]
A common mondegreen in the song is the perception that, following the title line, Lynne shouts "Bruce!". In the liner notes of the ELO compilation Flashback and elsewhere, Lynne has explained that he is singing a made-up word, "Grooss," which some have suggested sounds like the German expression "Gruß." After the song's release, so many people had misinterpreted the word as "Bruce" that Lynne actually began to sing the word as "Bruce" for fun at live shows.[5][6]
Music video[edit]
A music video for the song was produced, which showed video of the band performing the song interspersed with various animations relating to the song's subject matter, including big-bottomed majorettes and a pulsating neon frankfurter. The band's three resident string players are depicted playing keyboards in the music video.
Jeff Lynne version[edit]
"Don't Bring Me Down"
Song by Electric Light Orchestra
from the album Mr. Blue Sky: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra
Released
8 October 2012
Recorded
2001–2012 Bungalow Palace
Length
4:01
Label
Frontiers
Songwriter(s)
Jeff Lynne
Producer(s)
Jeff Lynne
Mr. Blue Sky: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra track listing
show
12 tracks
"Mr. Blue Sky"
"Evil Woman"
"Strange Magic"
"Don't Bring Me Down"
"Turn to Stone"
"Showdown"
"Telephone Line"
"Livin' Thing"
"Do Ya"
"Can't Get It Out of My Head"
"10538 Overture"
"Point of No Return"
Jeff Lynne re-recorded the song in his own home studio. It was released in a compilation album with other re-recorded ELO songs and under the ELO name called Mr. Blue Sky: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra.[7]
Personnel[edit]
Jeff Lynne – vocals, guitar, piano, synthesizer[4]
Bev Bevan – drums, percussion[4]
Richard Tandy – grand piano, synthesizer, electric piano, clavinet[4]
Kelly Groucutt – bass, vocals[4]
Cover versions, samplings and remixes[edit]
In 2012, The Hives released a song called "Go Right Ahead". Though not a direct cover, the main riff in the song is nearly identical to the one in "Don't Bring Me Down",[8] and as a result Jeff Lynne was officially credited as a co-writer.
Country stars Little Big Town, Kacey Musgraves and Midland performed the song on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon to promote their The Breakers Tour.[9]
Chart and sales[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1979)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[10] 6
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[11] 2
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12] 5
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[13] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[14] 5
Ireland (IRMA)[15] 6
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[16] 5
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[17] 5
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[18] 6
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[19] 9
Spain (AFYVE)[20] 10
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[21] 2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[2] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[3] 4
US Cash Box[22] 4
US Record World[23] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1979)
Rank
Australia (Kent Music Report)[24] 34
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[25] 57
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[26] 25
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[27] 39
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[28] 61
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[29] 50
US Billboard Hot 100[30] 81
US Cash Box[31] 39
Sales and certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[32]
Silver 250,000^
United States (RIAA)[33]
Gold 1,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
See also[edit]
List of number-one singles of 1979 (Canada)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Guarisco, Donald A. "Don't Bring Me Down – Song Review". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Electric Light Orchestra – Awards". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Porter, Robert. "Electric Light Orchestra and Jeff Lynne -- Don't Bring Me Down: An in-depth song analysis". Jefflynnesongs.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Wild, David. "The Story of a Rock and Roll Band and the Pop Genius Who Dared to Go Baroque". Flashback (Media notes).
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Caroline (15 October 2014). "ELO's Jeff Lynne: 'All those hipsters with beards are copying me!'". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mr. Blue Sky – The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra". Archived from the original on 27 October 2015. . Jefflynneselo.com.
Jump up ^ Johnston, Maura (27 March 2012). "The Hives: Go Right Ahead". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Moss, Marissa R. (21 September 2017). "See Little Big Town, Kacey Musgraves and Midland Cover ELO on 'Fallon'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Electric Light Orchestra – Don't Bring Me Down" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Electric Light Orchestra – Don't Bring Me Down" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 6839a." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Electric Light Orchestra – Don't Bring Me Down". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Don't Bring Me Down". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Electric Light Orchestra - Don't Bring Me Down" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Electric Light Orchestra – Don't Bring Me Down" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Electric Light Orchestra – Don't Bring Me Down". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1969 – 1989 Acts (E)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Electric Light Orchestra – Don't Bring Me Down". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending SEPTEMBER 22, 1979". Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. . Cash Box.
Jump up ^ "Record World Singles" (PDF). Record World. 15 September 1979. p. 29. ISSN 0034-1622. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1970s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1979" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "1979 Top 200 Singles". RPM. Vol. 32 no. 13. 22 December 1979. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1979" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1979" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1979". Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1979". The Longbored Surfer. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1979". Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. . Cash Box.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – ELO – Don't Bring Me Down". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Don't Bring Me Down in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Electric Light Orchestra – Don_t Bring Me Down". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
In-depth Song Analysis at the Jeff Lynne Song Database (jefflynnesongs.com)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Electric Light Orchestra singles discography
1970s
1972
"10538 Overture" / "First Movement (Jumping Biz)"
"Mr. Radio" (withdrawn)
1973
"Roll Over Beethoven" / "Queen of the Hours"
"Showdown" / "In Old England Town (Instrumental)"
1974
"Ma-Ma-Ma Belle" / "Daybreaker" (US)
"Ma-Ma-Ma Belle" / "Oh No Not Susan" (UK)
"Can't Get It Out of My Head" / "Illusions in G Major"
1975
"Boy Blue" / "Eldorado"
"Evil Woman" / "10538 Overture (live)"
1976
"Strange Magic" / "New World Rising" (US)
"Nightrider" / "Daybreaker (live)"
"Strange Magic" / "Showdown (live)" (UK)
"Livin' Thing" / "Ma-Ma-Ma Belle" (US)
"Livin' Thing" / "Fire On High" (UK)
1977
"Rockaria!" / "Poker"
"Do Ya" / "Nightrider"
"Telephone Line" / "Poor Boy (The Greenwood)" (US)
"Telephone Line" / "Poor Boy (The Greenwood)" and "King of the Universe" (UK)
"Turn to Stone" / "Mister Kingdom"
1978
"Mr. Blue Sky" / "One Summer Dream"
"Sweet Talkin' Woman" / "Fire On High" (US)
"Wild West Hero" / "Eldorado"
"Sweet Talkin' Woman" / "Bluebird is Dead" (UK)
"It's Over" / "The Whale"
The ELO EP
1979
"Shine a Little Love" / "Jungle"
"The Diary of Horace Wimp" / "Down Home Town"
"Don't Bring Me Down" / "Dreaming of 4000"
"Confusion"/"Last Train to London" (UK)
"Confusion" / "Poker" (US)
"Last Train to London" / "Down Home Town" (US)
1980s
1980
"I'm Alive" / "Drum Dreams"
"Xanadu" (duet with Olivia Newton-John) / "Fool Country" (Olivia Newton-John) (UK)
"Xanadu" (with Olivia Newton-John) / "Whenever You're Away from Me" (Olivia Newton-John) (US)
"All Over the World" / "Midnight Blue" (UK)
"All Over the World" / "Drum Dreams" (US)
"Don't Walk Away" / "Across the Border"
1981
"Hold On Tight" / "When Time Stood Still"
"Twilight" / "Julie Don't Live Here"
1982
"Here Is the News"/"Ticket to the Moon"
"Rain Is Falling" / "Another Heart Breaks"
"The Way Life's Meant to Be" / "Wishing"
1983
"Rock 'n' Roll Is King" / "After All"
"Secret Messages" / "Buildings Have Eyes"
"Four Little Diamonds" / "Letter from Spain"
"Stranger" / "Train of Gold"
1986
"Calling America" / "Caught in a Trap"
"So Serious" / "Endless Lies" (US)
"So Serious" / "A Matter of Fact" (UK)
"Getting to the Point" / "Secret Lives"
1990s
1990
"Destination Unknown" (promo)
2000s
2001
"Alright" / "Love Changes All" / "Do Ya" (Unedited Alternative Mix)
"Moment in Paradise" / "Alright" (PBS 2001 Version) / "Mr. Blue Sky" (PBS 2001 Version) / "Livin' Thing" (PBS 2001 Version)
2006
"Surrender"
2007
"Latitude 88 North"
2010s
2015
"When I Was a Boy"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Bring_Me_Down&oldid=841697444"
Categories:
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1979 singles
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British pop rock songs
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RPM Top Singles number-one singles
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text:
List of counties in California
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: List of United States counties and county-equivalents
California
IM
SD
RV
OR
SB
LA
KE
VE
BR
LO
MT
BN
FR
KG
TL
IN
MN
AL
TU
MR
MD
ME
SC
SZ
SM
SF
AM
CC
SJ
ST
CA
AD
ED
SA
SL
YO
NA
MA
SN
MC
LK
CO
SR
YU
PL
NV
SE
BU
GL
TE
PM
LS
MO
SH
SK
TR
HU
DN
Location
State of California
Number
58 Counties
Populations
1,110 (Alpine) – 10,170,292 (Los Angeles)
Areas
47 square miles (120 km2) (San Francisco City and County) – 20,062 square miles (51,960 km2) (San Bernardino)
Government
County government
Subdivisions
Communities, Charter city
The state of California is divided into 58 counties.[1] The region was first divided into twenty-seven counties on February 18, 1850. These were further sub-divided to form sixteen additional counties by 1860. Another fourteen were counties formed through further sub-division from 1861 to 1893. The last, Imperial County, was formed in 1907. California is home to San Bernardino County, the largest county in the contiguous United States, as well as Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States.
More counties in California are named for saints than in any other state.[2]
CA Counties
Contents
[hide]
1 List
2 Defunct counties
3 See also
4 Notes
5 External links
List[edit]
County
FIPS County Code
[3]
County seat
[4]
Established
[4]
Formed from
Etymology
[5]
Population
[6]
Area
[4]
Map
Alameda County 001 Oakland 1853 Contra Costa and Santa Clara The oak and other trees, once abundant in the region; alameda is Spanish for "avenue shaded by trees" or "cottonwood grove." 7006163821500000000♠1,638,215 7002738000000000000♠738 sq mi
(7003191100000000000♠1,911 km2)

Alpine County 003 Markleeville 1864 Amador, El Dorado, Calaveras, Mono and Tuolumne Location high in the Sierra Nevada; alpine refers to the Alps or other mountains. 7003111000000000000♠1,110 7002739000000000000♠739 sq mi
(7003191400000000000♠1,914 km2)

Amador County 005 Jackson 1854 Calaveras Jose Maria Amador (1794–1883), a soldier, rancher, and miner who, along with several Native Americans, established a successful gold mining camp near present-day Amador City in 1848. 7004370010000000000♠37,001 7002606000000000000♠606 sq mi
(7003157000000000000♠1,570 km2)

Butte County 007 Oroville 1850 original Sutter Buttes, which were mistakenly thought to be in the county at the time of its establishment. 7005225411000000000♠225,411 7003164000000000000♠1,640 sq mi
(7003424800000000000♠4,248 km2)

Calaveras County 009 San Andreas 1850 original Calaveras River; calaveras is Spanish for "skulls." 7004448280000000000♠44,828 7003102000000000000♠1,020 sq mi
(7003264200000000000♠2,642 km2)

Colusa County 011 Colusa 1850 original Rancho Colus land grant from Mexico. 7004214820000000000♠21,482 7003115100000000000♠1,151 sq mi
(7003298100000000000♠2,981 km2)

Contra Costa County 013 Martinez 1850 original Location across San Francisco Bay from San Francisco; contra costa is Spanish for "opposite coast." 7006112674500000000♠1,126,745 7002720000000000000♠720 sq mi
(7003186500000000000♠1,865 km2)

Del Norte County 015 Crescent City 1857 Klamath Location along California's northern border; del norte is Spanish for "northern." 7004272540000000000♠27,254 7003100800000000000♠1,008 sq mi
(7003261100000000000♠2,611 km2)

El Dorado County 017 Placerville 1850 original El Dorado, a mythical city of gold, owing to the area's significance in the California Gold Rush. 7005184452000000000♠184,452 7003171200000000000♠1,712 sq mi
(7003443400000000000♠4,434 km2)

Fresno County 019 Fresno 1856 Mariposa, Merced and Tulare The city of Fresno; fresno is Spanish for "ash tree." 7005974861000000000♠974,861 7003596300000000000♠5,963 sq mi
(7004154440000000000♠15,444 km2)

Glenn County 021 Willows 1891 Colusa Dr. Hugh J. Glenn, a California businessman and politician. 7004280170000000000♠28,017 7003131500000000000♠1,315 sq mi
(7003340600000000000♠3,406 km2)

Humboldt County 023 Eureka 1853 Trinity Alexander von Humboldt, a German naturalist and explorer. 7005135727000000000♠135,727 7003357300000000000♠3,573 sq mi
(7003925400000000000♠9,254 km2)

Imperial County 025 El Centro 1907 San Diego Imperial Valley, named after the Imperial Land Company. 7005180191000000000♠180,191 7003417500000000000♠4,175 sq mi
(7004108130000000000♠10,813 km2)

Inyo County 027 Independence 1866 Mono and Tulare Exact etymology disputed; early settlers believed Inyo to be the native name for area mountains, but it may be the name of a Mono Indian leader. 7004182600000000000♠18,260 7004101920000000000♠10,192 sq mi
(7004263970000000000♠26,397 km2)

Kern County 029 Bakersfield 1866 Los Angeles and Tulare Edward Kern, cartographer for John C. Fremont's 1845 expedition. 7005882176000000000♠882,176 7003814200000000000♠8,142 sq mi
(7004210880000000000♠21,088 km2)

Kings County 031 Hanford 1893 Tulare Kings River; original Spanish name Rio de los Santos Reyes ("River of the Holy Kings"). 7005150965000000000♠150,965 7003139000000000000♠1,390 sq mi
(7003360000000000000♠3,600 km2)

Lake County 033 Lakeport 1861 Napa Clear Lake. 7004645910000000000♠64,591 7003125800000000000♠1,258 sq mi
(7003325800000000000♠3,258 km2)

Lassen County 035 Susanville 1864 Plumas and Shasta, and now defunct Lake County, Nevada Peter Lassen, a Danish naturalist and explorer. 7004313450000000000♠31,345 7003455800000000000♠4,558 sq mi
(7004118050000000000♠11,805 km2)

Los Angeles County 037 Los Angeles 1850 original The city of Los Angeles, derived from the original Spanish name El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Angeles del Río de Porciúncula ("The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of the River of Porziuncola"). 7007101702920000000♠10,170,292 7003406000000000000♠4,060 sq mi
(7004105150000000000♠10,515 km2)

Madera County 039 Madera 1893 Mariposa The city of Madera, which was named for the forested landscape; madera is Spanish for "wood." 7005154998000000000♠154,998 7003213800000000000♠2,138 sq mi
(7003553700000000000♠5,537 km2)

Marin County 041 San Rafael 1850 original Exact etymology disputed; probably a corrupted abbreviation of Bahía de Nuestra Señora del Rosario la Marina, the Spanish name for area headlands along San Francisco Bay. 7005261221000000000♠261,221 7002520000000000000♠520 sq mi
(7003134700000000000♠1,347 km2)

Mariposa County 043 Mariposa 1850 original The city of Mariposa; mariposa is Spanish for "butterfly." 7004175310000000000♠17,531 7003145100000000000♠1,451 sq mi
(7003375800000000000♠3,758 km2)

Mendocino County 045 Ukiah 1850 original Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy of New Spain. 7004876490000000000♠87,649 7003350900000000000♠3,509 sq mi
(7003908800000000000♠9,088 km2)

Merced County 047 Merced 1855 Mariposa The city of Merced, derived from the original Spanish name El Río de Nuestra Señora de la Merced ("River of Our Lady of Mercy"). 7005268455000000000♠268,455 7003192900000000000♠1,929 sq mi
(7003499600000000000♠4,996 km2)

Modoc County 049 Alturas 1874 Siskiyou The Modoc people. 7003896500000000000♠8,965 7003394400000000000♠3,944 sq mi
(7004102150000000000♠10,215 km2)

Mono County 051 Bridgeport 1861 Calaveras, Fresno and Mariposa Mono Lake; derived from Monachi, a Yokut name for native peoples of the Sierra Nevada. 7004139090000000000♠13,909 7003304400000000000♠3,044 sq mi
(7003788400000000000♠7,884 km2)

Monterey County 053 Salinas 1850 original Monterey Bay; monterey is a Spanish portmanteau of monte ("hill") and rey ("king"). 7005433898000000000♠433,898 7003332200000000000♠3,322 sq mi
(7003860400000000000♠8,604 km2)

Napa County 055 Napa 1850 original Disputed origin; possibly derived from the Patwin word napo, meaning "home." 7005142456000000000♠142,456 7002754000000000000♠754 sq mi
(7003195300000000000♠1,953 km2)

Nevada County 057 Nevada City 1851 Yuba The bordering state of Nevada; nevada is Spanish for "snow-covered," referencing the area's high elevation. 7004988770000000000♠98,877 7002958000000000000♠958 sq mi
(7003248100000000000♠2,481 km2)

Orange County 059 Santa Ana 1889 Los Angeles Oranges, which were widely cultivated in the area at the time the county was established. 7006316977600000000♠3,169,776 7002790000000000000♠790 sq mi
(7003204600000000000♠2,046 km2)

Placer County 061 Auburn 1851 Sutter and Yuba Placer is a Spanish term for gravel deposits containing gold, a reference to the California Gold Rush, which was centered in the area. 7005375391000000000♠375,391 7003150300000000000♠1,503 sq mi
(7003389300000000000♠3,893 km2)

Plumas County 063 Quincy 1854 Butte The Feather River; plumas is Spanish for "feathers." 7004184090000000000♠18,409 7003255400000000000♠2,554 sq mi
(7003661500000000000♠6,615 km2)

Riverside County 065 Riverside 1893 San Bernardino and San Diego The city of Riverside, named for its location on the Santa Ana River. 7006236102600000000♠2,361,026 7003720800000000000♠7,208 sq mi
(7004186690000000000♠18,669 km2)

Sacramento County 067 Sacramento 1850 original The city of Sacramento, named after the Santisimo Sacramento (Spanish for "Most Holy Sacrament"). 7006150133500000000♠1,501,335 7002966000000000000♠966 sq mi
(7003250200000000000♠2,502 km2)

San Benito County 069 Hollister 1874 Monterey Saint Benedict (Benito is a Spanish diminutive of Benedict). 7004587920000000000♠58,792 7003138900000000000♠1,389 sq mi
(7003359700000000000♠3,597 km2)

San Bernardino County 071 San Bernardino 1853 Los Angeles The city of San Bernardino, named after Saint Bernardino of Siena (Spanish for Saint Bernardine). 7006212813300000000♠2,128,133 7004200620000000000♠20,062 sq mi
(7004519600000000000♠51,960 km2)

San Diego County 073 San Diego 1850 original The city of San Diego (Spanish for Saint Didacus). 7006329952100000000♠3,299,521 7003420400000000000♠4,204 sq mi
(7004108880000000000♠10,888 km2)

City and County of San Francisco 075 San Francisco 1850 original The city of San Francisco, named after Saint Francis of Assisi (Spanish for Saint Francis). 7005864816000000000♠864,816 7001470000000000000♠47 sq mi
(7002122000000000000♠122 km2)

San Joaquin County 077 Stockton 1850 original Spanish for Saint Joachim, father of the Virgin Mary. 7005726106000000000♠726,106 7003139900000000000♠1,399 sq mi
(7003362300000000000♠3,623 km2)

San Luis Obispo County 079 San Luis Obispo 1850 original The city of San Luis Obispo, named after Saint Louis of Toulouse (Spanish for Saint Louis, the Bishop). 7005281401000000000♠281,401 7003330400000000000♠3,304 sq mi
(7003855700000000000♠8,557 km2)

San Mateo County 081 Redwood City 1856 San Francisco and Santa Cruz Spanish for Saint Matthew. 7005765135000000000♠765,135 7002449000000000000♠449 sq mi
(7003116300000000000♠1,163 km2)

Santa Barbara County 083 Santa Barbara 1850 original The city of Santa Barbara (Spanish for Saint Barbara). 7005444769000000000♠444,769 7003273800000000000♠2,738 sq mi
(7003709100000000000♠7,091 km2)

Santa Clara County 085 San Jose 1850 original Mission Santa Clara de Asís, named for Saint Clare of Assisi (Spanish for Saint Clare). 7006191804400000000♠1,918,044 7003129100000000000♠1,291 sq mi
(7003334400000000000♠3,344 km2)

Santa Cruz County 087 Santa Cruz 1850 original The city of Santa Cruz; santa cruz is Spanish for "holy cross." 7005274146000000000♠274,146 7002446000000000000♠446 sq mi
(7003115500000000000♠1,155 km2)

Shasta County 089 Redding 1850 original Mount Shasta; the indigenous Shasta people. 7005179533000000000♠179,533 7003378600000000000♠3,786 sq mi
(7003980600000000000♠9,806 km2)

Sierra County 091 Downieville 1852 Yuba Sierra is Spanish for "mountain range", a reference to the area's topography. 7003296700000000000♠2,967 7002953000000000000♠953 sq mi
(7003246800000000000♠2,468 km2)

Siskiyou County 093 Yreka 1852 Shasta and Klamath Siskiyou Mountains; exact etymology of Siskiyou is disputed. 7004435540000000000♠43,554 7003628700000000000♠6,287 sq mi
(7004162830000000000♠16,283 km2)

Solano County 095 Fairfield 1850 original Chief Solano of the Suisunes. 7005436092000000000♠436,092 7002828000000000000♠828 sq mi
(7003214500000000000♠2,145 km2)

Sonoma County 097 Santa Rosa 1850 original Exact etymology disputed; probably a Pomo term meaning "valley of the moon," which references a native legend about spiritual activity in the area. 7005502146000000000♠502,146 7003157600000000000♠1,576 sq mi
(7003408200000000000♠4,082 km2)

Stanislaus County 099 Modesto 1854 Tuolumne Stanislaus River, named after Estanislao, a native of the area when California was under Spanish and Mexican rule. 7005538388000000000♠538,388 7003149500000000000♠1,495 sq mi
(7003387200000000000♠3,872 km2)

Sutter County 101 Yuba City 1850 original John Sutter, a Swiss pioneer of California associated with the California Gold Rush. 7004964630000000000♠96,463 7002603000000000000♠603 sq mi
(7003156200000000000♠1,562 km2)

Tehama County 103 Red Bluff 1856 Butte, Colusa and Shasta The city of Tehama, probably a native term describing its location. 7004633080000000000♠63,308 7003295100000000000♠2,951 sq mi
(7003764300000000000♠7,643 km2)

Trinity County 105 Weaverville 1850 original The city of Trinidad, Spanish for "trinity." 7004130690000000000♠13,069 7003317900000000000♠3,179 sq mi
(7003823400000000000♠8,234 km2)

Tulare County 107 Visalia 1852 Mariposa Tulare Lake, which is named after the tule rush (Schoenoplectus acutus) that grew in the marshes and sloughs along its shores. 7005459863000000000♠459,863 7003482400000000000♠4,824 sq mi
(7004124940000000000♠12,494 km2)

Tuolumne County 109 Sonora 1850 original Exact etymology disputed; probably a corruption of the native term talmalamne, which means "cluster of stone wigwams," a reference to local cave dwelling tribes. 7004537090000000000♠53,709 7003223600000000000♠2,236 sq mi
(7003579100000000000♠5,791 km2)

Ventura County 111 Ventura 1872 Santa Barbara The city of Ventura, derived from San Buenaventura, Spanish for St. Bonaventure. 7005850536000000000♠850,536 7003184600000000000♠1,846 sq mi
(7003478100000000000♠4,781 km2)

Yolo County 113 Woodland 1850 original The Yolan people, a local Native American tribe. 7005213016000000000♠213,016 7003101200000000000♠1,012 sq mi
(7003262100000000000♠2,621 km2)

Yuba County 115 Marysville 1850 original Named either by the Maidu people, a local Native American tribe who live on the banks of the Feather and Yuba Rivers, for one of their villages, or by Gabriel Moraga for the wild grapes (Vitis californica) that grow abundantly at the edge of the rivers (uva is Spanish for "grape"). 7004744920000000000♠74,492 7002630000000000000♠630 sq mi
(7003163200000000000♠1,632 km2)
Defunct counties[edit]
Klamath County was created in 1851 from the northern half of Trinity County. Part of the county's territory went to Del Norte County in 1857, and in 1874 the remainder was divided between Humboldt and Siskiyou counties.
Pautah County was created in 1852 out of territory which, the state of California assumed, was to be ceded to it by the United States Congress from territory in what is now the state of Nevada. When the cession never occurred, the California State Legislature officially abolished the never-organized county in 1859.
Buena Vista County - created in 1855 by the California legislature out of the southeastern territory of Tulare County on the west of the Sierra Nevada but was never officially organized. The south of Tulare County was later organized as Kern County in 1866, with additions from Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties.
Coso County - created in 1864 by the California legislature out of territory of Mono County and Tulare County on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada but was never officially organized. The region was later organized in 1866 as Inyo County with additions from Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties.
See also[edit]
Local government in California
List of school districts in California by county
California State Association of Counties
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Find A County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
Jump up ^ Kane, Joseph Nathan; Aiken, Charles Curry (2005). The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950-2000. Scarecrow Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8108-5036-1.
Jump up ^ "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c National Association of Counties. "NACo - Find a county". Retrieved April 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Sanchez, Nellie Van de Grift (1914). Spanish and Indian Place Names of California: Their Meaning and Their Romance. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson. OCLC 4268886.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
External links[edit]
California State Association of Counties
State map showing the county names and linking to county data
California State Association of Counties- The Creation of Our 58 Counties, with Maps of the 58 Counties Each Decade ca.1850–1900
California State Association of Counties, Map of California Counties: c. 1907-Present
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_counties_in_California&oldid=789974853"
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values: قائمة مقاطعات كاليفورنيا – Arabic

values: Списък на окръзи в Калифорния – Bulgarian

values: Llista de comtats de Califòrnia – Catalan

values: Liste der Countys in Kalifornien – German

values: Listo de kantonoj de Kalifornio – Esperanto

values: فهرست شهرستان‌های کالیفرنیا – Persian

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values: מחוזות קליפורניה – Hebrew

values: Paktura da reng Counties king California – Pampanga

values: Lies vaan graofsjappe in Californië – Limburgish

values: Kalifornia megyéinek listája – Hungarian

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values: Lijst van county's in Californië – Dutch

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values: Lista de condados da Califórnia – Portuguese

values: Listă de comitate din statul California – Romanian

values: Список округов Калифорнии – Russian

values: List of counties in California – Simple English

values: Списак округа Калифорније – Serbian

values: Spisak okruga Kalifornije – Serbo-Croatian

values: Lista över countyn i Kalifornien – Swedish

values: Kaliforniya'daki ilçeler listesi – Turkish

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