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FIFA Women's World Cup
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This article is about the women's association football tournament. For the men's tournament, see FIFA World Cup.
FIFA Women's World Cup
Founded
16 November 1991; 26 years ago (1991-11-16) (as the FIFA Women's World Championship)
Region
FIFA (International)
Number of teams
24 (finals)
Current champions
United States
(3rd title)
Most successful team(s)
United States
(3 titles)
Website
FIFA Women's World Cup
2019 France
The BC Place hosting a 2015 Women's FIFA World Cup match
Tournaments
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
The FIFA Women's World Cup is an international football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The competition has been held every four years since 1991, when the inaugural tournament, then called the FIFA Women's World Championship, was held in China.
Under the tournament's current format, national teams vie for 23 slots in a three-year qualification phase. (The host nation's team is automatically entered as the 24th slot.) The tournament proper, alternatively called the World Cup Finals, is contested at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about one month.
The seven FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments have been won by four national teams. The current champion is the United States, after winning their third title in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Contents
1 History
2 Format
2.1 Qualification
2.2 Final tournament
3 Hosts and results
4 All-time performance
5 Overall team records
6 Attendance
7 Broadcasting
8 Awards
9 Player records
9.1 Most goals
9.2 Most tournaments
9.3 Most matches
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
In 1988 – 58 years after the first Men's FIFA World Cup tournament in 1930 and approximately 17 years after the FA ban on women's football was eliminated in 1971[1] — FIFA hosted an invitational in China as a test to see if a global women's World Cup was feasible. Twelve national teams took part in the competition – four from UEFA, three from AFC, two from CONCACAF and one each from CONMEBOL, CAF and OFC. The tournament saw European champion Norway defeat Sweden 1–0 in the final to win the tournament, while Brazil clinched third place by beating the hosts in a penalty shootout. The competition was deemed a success and on 30 June FIFA approved the establishment of an official World Cup, which was to take place in 1991 again in China.[2] Again, twelve teams competed, this time culminating in the United States beating Norway in the final 2-1.
In the 1999 edition, one of the most famous moments of the tournament was American defender Brandi Chastain's victory celebration after scoring the Cup-winning penalty kick against China. She took off her jersey and waved it over her head (as men frequently do), showing her muscular torso and sports bra as she celebrated. The 1999 final in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California had an attendance of 90,185, a world record for a women's sporting event.[3]
The 1999 and 2003 Women's World Cups were both held in the United States; in 2003 China was supposed to host it, but the tournament was moved because of SARS.[4] As compensation, China retained its automatic qualification to the 2003 tournament as host nation, and was automatically chosen to host the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. Germany hosted the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, as decided by vote in October 2007. In March 2011, FIFA awarded Canada the right to host the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. The 2015 edition saw the field expand from 16 to 24 teams.[5]
During the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, both Formiga of Brazil and Homare Sawa of Japan made a record of appearing in six World Cups,[6] a feat that had never been achieved before by either female or male players. Christie Rampone is the oldest player to ever play in a Women's World Cup match, at the age of 40 years.[7]
In March 2015, FIFA awarded France the right to host the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup over South Korea.[8] The tournament will begin on 1 June 2019 and the final will be played on 30 June 2019[9]; both the opening and final matches will be played at Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a venue with a capacity of 58,000 in the Lyon suburb of Décines.
Format[edit]
Qualification[edit]
Main article: FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe), and are organised by their respective confederations: Confederation of African Football (CAF), Asian Football Confederation (AFC), Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), South American Football Confederation CONMEBOL, Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and Union of European Football Associations UEFA). For each tournament, FIFA decides beforehand the number of berths awarded to each of the continental zones, based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams. The hosts of the World Cup receive an automatic berth in the finals. Since the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, the number of finalists increased from 16 to 24.[10]
Final tournament[edit]
The final tournament has featured between twelve and twenty-four national teams competing over about one month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: the group stage followed by the knockout stage.[11]
In the group stage, teams are drawn into groups of four teams each. Each group plays a round-robin tournament, in which each team is scheduled for three matches against other teams in the same group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among all four teams. In the 2015 24-team format, the two teams finishing first and second in each group and the four best teams among those ranked third qualify for the round of 16, also called the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points).
The ranking of each team in each group is determined as follows:[11]
Greatest number of points in group matches
Greatest goal difference in group matches
Greatest number of goals scored in group matches
If more than one team remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined as follows:
Greatest number of points in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest goal difference in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest number of goals scored in head-to-head matches among those teams
If any of the teams above remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined by the drawing of lots
The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shootouts used to decide the winner if necessary. It begins with the round of 16. This is followed by the quarter-finals, semi-finals, the third-place match (contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final.[11]
Hosts and results[edit]
See also: FIFA Women's World Cup hosts and List of FIFA Women's World Cup finals
#
Year
Host
Champions
Score
Runners-up
Third place
Score
Fourth place
Teams
1 1991 China

United States 2–1
Norway

Sweden 4–0
Germany
12
2 1995 Sweden
Norway 2–0
Germany
United States 2–0
China PR 12
3 1999 United States
United States 0–0 (a.e.t.)
(5–4 p)
China PR
Brazil 0–0[A]
(5–4 p)
Norway 16
4 2003 United States
Germany 2–1 (a.g.g.e.t.)
Sweden
United States 3–1
Canada 16
5 2007 China
Germany 2–0
Brazil
United States 4–1
Norway 16
6 2011 Germany
Japan 2–2 (a.e.t.)
(3–1 p)
United States
Sweden 2–1
France 16
7 2015 Canada
United States 5–2
Japan
England 1–0 (a.e.t.)
Germany 24
8 2019 France 24
A No extra time was played.[12]
All-time performance[edit]
Main article: National team appearances in the FIFA Women's World Cup
#
Team
Titles
Runners-up
Third Place
Fourth Place
Total
1 United States 3 (1991, 1999, 2015) 1 (2011) 3 (1995, 2003, 2007) – 7
2 Germany 2 (2003, 2007) 1 (1995) – 2 (1991, 2015) 5
3 Norway 1 (1995) 1 (1991) – 2 (1999, 2007) 4
4 Japan 1 (2011) 1 (2015) – – 2
5 Sweden – 1 (2003) 2 (1991, 2011) – 3
6 Brazil – 1 (2007) 1 (1999) – 2
7 China PR – 1 (1999) – 1 (1995) 2
8 England – – 1 (2015) – 1
9 Canada – – – 1 (2003) 1
France – – – 1 (2011) 1
Overall team records[edit]
As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. 3 points per win, 1 point per draw and 0 points per loss.
Rank
Team
Part
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Points
1 United States 7 43 33 6 4 112 35 +77 105
2 Germany 7 39 26 5 8 111 37 +74 83
3 Norway 7 35 22 3 10 86 45 +41 69
4 Sweden 7 33 18 5 10 59 42 +17 59
5 Brazil 7 30 18 4 8 59 35 +24 58
6 China PR 6 29 15 6 8 52 29 +23 51
7 Japan 7 29 13 3 13 36 54 -18 42
8 England 4 19 10 4 5 30 25 +5 34
9 Canada 6 23 6 5 12 30 49 -19 23
10 France 3 14 6 3 5 22 16 +6 21
11 Australia 6 22 5 5 12 29 44 -15 20
12 Russia 2 8 4 0 4 16 14 +2 12
13 Nigeria 7 22 3 3 16 18 56 -38 12
14 North Korea 4 13 3 2 8 12 20 -8 11
15 Italy 2 7 3 1 3 11 8 +3 10
16 Denmark 4 14 3 1 10 19 26 -7 10
17 Cameroon 1 4 2 0 2 9 4 +5 6
18 Colombia 2 7 1 2 4 4 9 -5 5
19 Netherlands 1 4 1 1 2 3 4 -1 4
20 South Korea 2 7 1 1 5 5 19 -14 4
21 Ghana 3 9 1 1 7 6 30 -24 4
22 Switzerland 1 4 1 0 3 11 5 +6 3
23 Thailand 1 3 1 0 2 3 10 -7 3
24 Chinese Taipei 1 4 1 0 3 2 15 -13 3
25 New Zealand 4 12 0 3 9 7 29 -22 3
26 Mexico 3 9 0 3 6 6 30 -24 3
27 Costa Rica 1 3 0 2 1 3 4 -1 2
28 Spain 1 3 0 1 2 2 4 -2 1
29 Equatorial Guinea 1 3 0 0 3 2 7 -5 0
30 Ivory Coast 1 3 0 0 3 3 16 -13 0
31 Ecuador 1 3 0 0 3 1 17 -16 0
32 Argentina 2 6 0 0 6 2 33 -31 0
33 Chile - - - - - - - - -
Attendance[edit]
Tournament
Matches
Attendance
Ref
Total
Average
Highest
1 1991 China 26 510,000 18,344 65,000 [13]
2 1995 Sweden 26 112,213 4,316 17,158 [13]
3 1999 USA 32 1,214,209 37,944 90,185 [13]
4 2003 USA 32 679,664 21,240 34,144 [13]
5 2007 China 32 1,190,971 37,218 55,832 [13]
6 2011 Germany 32 845,751 26,430 73,680 [13][14]
7 2015 Canada 52 1,353,506 26,029 54,027 [15]
Notes:
The 2003 Women's World Cup was originally scheduled for China but re-located in May 2003 to the United States after a SARS outbreak in China.
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup set a new attendance record for all previous FIFA competitions other than the men's FIFA World Cup.[15]
Broadcasting[edit]
See also: List of FIFA Women's World Cup broadcasters
As of 2017[update], the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was the most watched soccer match in American history with nearly 23 million viewers until this summer where even more people watched a friendly between Manchester United and Real Madrid,[16] more than the 2015 NBA Finals and Stanley Cup.[17] It was also the most watched Spanish-language broadcast in tournament history.[16] More than 750 million viewers were reported to have watched the tournament worldwide.[18]
Awards[edit]
Main article: FIFA Women's World Cup awards
At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to select players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently seven awards:
The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members (first awarded in 1991); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively.
The Golden Boot (also known as the Golden Shoe) for the top goalscorer (first awarded in 1991). The Silver Boot and the Bronze Boot have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively.
If two or more players finish the tournament with the same number of goals, tiebreakers are used in the following order:
Most assists.
Fewest minutes played.
The Golden Glove Award for the best goalkeeper, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group. First awarded in 2007 as "Best Goalkeeper"; current award name adopted in 2011.
The Best Young Player Award for the best player no older than age 21 as of 1 January of the year of the final tournament, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 2011).
The FIFA Fair Play Award for the team with the best record of fair play, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee (first awarded in 1991).
The All-Star Team, consisting of the best players of the tournament as determined by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first selected in 1999).
The Dream Team, consisting of the best players of the tournament as chosen by users of fifa.com (first selected in 2015).
Another award is presented a week after the final match:
The Goal of the Tournament, consisting of the tournament's best goal, as chosen by users of fifa.com from a shortlist of 12 goals selected by FIFA's web administrators (first awarded in 2015).
One past award is no longer presented:
The Most Entertaining Team Award for the team that has entertained the public the most during the World Cup, determined by a poll of the general public (awarded in 2003 and 2007).
Player records[edit]
Main article: FIFA Women's World Cup records
Most goals[edit]
Main article: List of FIFA Women's World Cup goalscorers
Marta of Brazil is the all-time leading scorer of the World Cup.
Birgit Prinz is tied for the second most goals in all tournaments, and won the title twice representing Germany.
Rank
Name
World Cup
Total

'91

'95

'99

'03

'07

'11

'15
1 Marta 3 7 4 1 15
2 Birgit Prinz 1 1 7 5 0 14
Abby Wambach 3 6 4 1 14
4 Michelle Akers 10 0 2 12
5 Sun Wen 1 2 7 1 11
Bettina Wiegmann 3 3 3 2 11
7 Ann Kristin Aarønes 6 4 10
Heidi Mohr 7 3 10
9 Linda Medalen 6 2 1 9
Hege Riise 1 5 3 0 9
Christine Sinclair 3 3 1 2 9
Formiga and Homare Sawa are the only players to appear in six Women's World Cup editions.
Most tournaments[edit]
Main article: List of players who have appeared in multiple FIFA Women's World Cups
#
Player
Appearances
1 Formiga 6 (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015)
Homare Sawa 6 (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015)
3 Kristine Lilly 5 (1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007)
Bente Nordby 5 (1991*, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007)
Birgit Prinz 5 (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011)
Karina LeBlanc 5 (1999*, 2003, 2007*, 2011, 2015*)
Nadine Angerer 5 (1999*, 2003*, 2007, 2011, 2015)
Christie Rampone 5 (1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015)
*Did not play but was part of the squad.
Most matches[edit]
#
Player
Matches
1 Kristine Lilly 30
2 Abby Wambach 25
3 Formiga 24
Julie Foudy 24
Birgit Prinz 24
Homare Sawa 24
7 Joy Fawcett 23
Mia Hamm 23
9 Bente Nordby 22
Hege Riise 22
Bettina Wiegmann 22
See also[edit]
FIFA Women's Club World Cup
FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
Women's association football portal
Association football portal
Women's Sport portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The History of Women's Football". England Football Association. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
Jump up ^ FIFA KOs Greece. El Mundo Deportivo, 01/07/88
Jump up ^ "Women's World Cup History". The Sports Network. Retrieved 25 March 2007. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Koppel, Naomi (3 May 2003). "FIFA moves Women's World Cup from China because of SARS". USA Today. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
Jump up ^ Molinaro, John F. (3 March 2011). "Canada gets 2015 Women's World Cup of soccer". CBC Sports. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Japan legend Sawa makes cut for sixth World Cup". Reuters. 1 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "USWNT'S Christie Rampone Is Now The Oldest Player To Appear In The Women's World Cup". Huffington Post. 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "France to host the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2019". FIFA.com. 19 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "LA FINALE DU MONDIAL FEMININ 2019 AU PARC OL !" (Press release) (in French). Groupama Stadium. 15 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "World Champions: USA Wins 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup". U.S. Soccer. 5 July 2004. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Regulations FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brazil takes third". SI/CNN. 10 July 1999. Archived from the original on 28 February 2002. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "FIFA Women's World Cup Germany 2011" (PDF). FIFA. pp. 109–110. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "FIFA Women's World Cup Germany 2011 Statistics". FIFA. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Key figures from the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™". FIFA. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Women's World Cup Final Is Most-watched Soccer Match in U.S. History". U.S. Soccer. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Hinog, Mark (6 July 2015). "More Americans watched the Women's World Cup final than the NBA Finals or the Stanley Cup 24". SB Nation. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Record-breaking FIFA Women's World Cup tops 750 million TV viewers". FIFA. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to FIFA Women's World Cup.
FIFA official site
UEFA's page on the FIFA Women's World Cup
Photos: FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007 on Time.com
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Cold shoulder
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the Adele song, see Cold Shoulder (Adele song).
"Cold shoulder" is a phrase used to express dismissal or the act of disregarding someone. Its origin is attributed to Sir Walter Scott in a work published in 1816, which is in fact a mistranslation of an expression from the Vulgate Bible. There is also a commonly repeated incorrect folk etymology.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 Modern day usage
3 See also
4 References
5 Sources
Etymology[edit]
The first recorded use of the expression was in 1816 by Sir Walter Scott in the Scots language, in The Antiquary. This expression is a mistranslation of the Latin phrase dederunt umerum recedentem from the Book of Nehemiah 9.29 from the Vulgate Bible, which actually means "stubbornly they turned their backs on you", which comes from the Septuagint Bible's Greek equivalent ἔδωκαν νῶτον ἀπειθοῦντα. Latin umerus (often misspelled humerus) means both "shoulder" and "back":[1][2][3][4][5]
Sir Walter Scott.
"Ye may mind that the Countess’s dislike did na gang farther at first than just shewing o’ the cauld shouther..."[6]
where "cauld" is the equivalent of cold and "shouther" means shoulder,[7] which is further supported by contextual usage in The Antiquary. Neither eating nor food is expressed in the passage, but the phrase is presented in a rather allusive way.[4] The phrase also appears in one of Scott's later works, St. Ronan's Well and after the 1820s it had traveled to America. Dated June 1839 in a letter to the editor in the New England newspaper The Bangor Daily Whig and Courier:
"... eminent individuals and his cabinet advisers turned "the cold shoulder" to their ambassador, for his independent act upon this occasion."[4]
Despite being repeated in several non-academic (non-scientific) books of etymology, the common explanation that the phrase stems from serving a cold shoulder of mutton or other meat to an unwanted guest is an incorrect folk etymology according to linguists.[3][2][4]
One source claims that the explanation of the expression is due to a very literal action: keeping one's back towards, or in the least a shoulder between, a person one was trying to avoid.[8]

Modern day usage[edit]
The expression "cold shoulder" has been used in many literary works, and has entered into the vernacular. It has been used as a description of aloofness and disdain,[4] a contemptuous look over one's shoulder,[9] and even in the context of a woman attempting to decline the advances of an aggressive man.[10] Overall, it remains widely popular as a phrase for describing the act of ignoring someone or something, or giving an unfriendly response.[11]
See also[edit]
Look up cold shoulder in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A phrase also coined by Sir Walter Scott, "lock, stock, and barrel"
Scottish English
Silent treatment
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
^ Jump up to: a b The Word Detective
^ Jump up to: a b [1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Martin, Gary. "Cold shoulder". The Phrase Finder. Gary Martin. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
Jump up ^ umerus in Lewis and Short
Jump up ^ Scott, p. 69.
Jump up ^ Jamieson, p. 475.
Jump up ^ Eliot, p. 33.
Jump up ^ Hodgson, p. 153.
Jump up ^ Palmatier, p. 73.
Jump up ^ Helterbran,p. 22.
Sources[edit]
Eliot, Sonny; Hill, Draper; Williams, Stanley D. (2007). Sonny Sez!: Legends, Yarns, and Downright Truths. Wayne State University Press. p. 180. ISBN 0-8143-3335-4.
Helterbran, Valeri R. (2008). Exploring Idioms: A Critical-Thinking Resource for Grades 4-8. Maupin House Publishing, Inc. p. 133. ISBN 1-934338-14-1.
Hodgson, Charles (2007). Carnal Knowledge: A Navel Gazer's Dictionary of Anatomy, Etymology, and Trivia. Macmillan. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-312-37121-0.
Jamieson, John; Johnstone, John; Longmuir, John (1867). Jamieson's Dictionary of the Scottish language. Edinburgh, W. P. Nimmo. p. 635. OCLC 70431433.
The Nation. 69. Joseph H. Richards. 1899. ISSN 0027-8378. OCLC 1643268.
Palmatier, Robert Allen (2000). Food: a dictionary of literal and nonliteral terms. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 461. ISBN 0-313-31436-5.
Scott, Sir Walter (1816). "The works of Sir Walter Scott. 3, The antiquary". James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. Edinburgh; and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London: 370. OCLC 310724884.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cold_shoulder&oldid=832776329"
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St. Ronan's Well

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//www.worldcat.org/oclc/70431433

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//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378

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