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List of power plants in the Philippines
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The following are lists of some of the power plants in the Philippines.
Contents
[hide]
1 Renewable
1.1 Hydroelectric
1.2 Geothermal
1.3 Solar/photovoltaic
1.4 Wind power plants
1.5 Biomass Power
2 Non-renewable
2.1 Coal
2.2 Diesel
2.3 Natural gas
2.4 Oil
2.5 Nuclear
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Renewable[edit]
Total all Renewable Power Source = 6667.28 MW
Hydroelectric[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Operator
Commissioned
Location
Status
Ref
Community
Coordinates
Agus 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant 80.00 1994 Marawi City, Lanao del Sur Operational
Ambuklao Hydroelectric Power Plant 105.00 2011 Bokod, Benguet Operational
Agus 6 Hydroelectric Power Plant 200.00 1953, 1977 Iligan City, Lanao del Norte Operational
Agusan 2 Hydroelectric Power Plant 1.60 First Gen Corporation 1957 Manolo Fortich, Damilag, Bukidnon 8°21′9″N 124°46′8″E / 8.35250°N 124.76889°E / 8.35250; 124.76889 Operational [1]
[2]
Ampohaw Hydro 8.00 1991,1997 Sablan, Benguet Operational [3]
Angat Dam 256.00 1968, 1978, 1992 Norzagaray, Bulacan Operational
Bakun AC Hydro 70.00 2001 Alilem, Ilocos Sur Operational [3]
Bineng Hydro 1 3.20 1991,1994 La Trinidad, Benguet Operational [3]
Bineng Hydro 2 2.00 1991, 1996 La Trinidad, Benguet Operational [3]
Bineng Hydro 2b 0.75 1992 La Trinidad, Benguet Operational [3]
Bineng Hydro 3 4.50 1992, 1994, 1996 La Trinidad, Benguet Operational [3]
Binga Hydroelectric Power Plant 140.00 2013 Itogon, Benguet Operational
Bubunawan Run of River Hydroelectric Power plant 32.00 First Gen Corporation 2021 Agusan Del Norte Under construction [2][4]
Ferdinand L Singit Hydro 5.90 1993 Bakun, Benguet Operational [3]
Irisan Hydro 1 3.80 2011 Tuba, Benguet Operational [3]
Irisan Hydro 3 1.20 1991 Tuba, Benguet Operational [3]
Kalayaan Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Project 685.00 1983 Kalayaan, Laguna 14°19′2″N 121°28′27″E / 14.31722°N 121.47417°E / 14.31722; 121.47417 (Kalayaan Pumped Storage Power Plant) Operational
Lon-oy Hydro 3.60 1993 Lon-oy, San Gabriel, La Union Operational [3]
Lower Labay Hydro 2.40 1993 Bakun, Benguet Operational [3]
Magat Dam 360.00 1984 Ramon, Isabela 16°49′03″N 121°27′11″E / 16.81750°N 121.45306°E / 16.81750; 121.45306 (Magat Dam) Operational
Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Power Plant 255.00 1986 Maramag, Bukidnon Operational
Pantabangan - Masiway Hydroelectric Power Plant 132.00 First Gen Corporation 1977, 1980, 2010 Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija 15°48′40.7268″N 121°06′29.7396″E / 15.811313000°N 121.108261000°E / 15.811313000; 121.108261000 Operational [2]
Sal-Angan Hydro 2.40 1991 Itogon, Benguet Operational [3]
San Roque Dam 345.00 2003 San Manuel and San Nicolas Pangasinan 14°43′00″N 121°05′00″E / 14.71667°N 121.08333°E / 14.71667; 121.08333 (San Roque Dam) Operational
Sibulan Hydro A 16.50 2010 Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur Operational [3]
Sibulan Hydro B 26.00 2010 Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur Operational [3]
Talomo Hydro 1 1.00 1992 Brgy. Malagos, Davao City Operational [3]
Talomo Hydro 2 0.60 2005 Brgy. Mintal, Davao City Operational [3]
Talomo Hydro 2A 0.65 2005 Brgy. Mintal, Davao City Operational [3]
Talomo Hydro 2B 0.30 2005 Brgy. Mintal, Davao City Operational [3]
Talomo Hydro 3 1.92 2005 Brgy. Catalunan Pequeño, Davao City Operational [3]
Sabangan Hydro 14.00 2015 Sabangan, Mt. Province Under-Construction [3]
Linao Cawayan Mini-Hydro Power Plant 3.00 2014 Oriental Mindoro Operational [3]
Total
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Geothermal[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
BacMan Geothermal Production Field Energy Development Corporation (Produces steam for BacMan 1 and 2 power plants. Total 140 MW) 0 1979 Sorsogon City, Sorsogon 13°03′16.9160″N 123°57′55.6333″E / 13.054698889°N 123.965453694°E / 13.054698889; 123.965453694 (BacMan Geothermal Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
BacMan 1 Geothermal Power Station Energy Development Corporation (Steam is from BacMan Geothermal Production Field) 120 1993 Sorsogon City, Sorsogon 13°03′16.9160″N 123°57′55.6333″E / 13.054698889°N 123.965453694°E / 13.054698889; 123.965453694 (BacMan Geothermal Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
BacMan 2 Geothermal Power Station Energy Development Corporation (Steam is from BacMan Geothermal Production Field) 20 1995 Sorsogon City, Sorsogon 13°03′16.9160″N 123°57′55.6333″E / 13.054698889°N 123.965453694°E / 13.054698889; 123.965453694 (BacMan Geothermal Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Leyte Geothermal Production Field Energy Development Corporation (produces steam for Malitbog, Mahanagdong, Upper Mahiao and Leyte Optimization Power Plants. 588.4 MW total) 0 1975 Kananga, Leyte and Ormoc City, Leyte 11°8′30.1693″N 124°37′11.9608″E / 11.141713694°N 124.619989111°E / 11.141713694; 124.619989111 (Leyte Geothermal Production Field) Operational
[2] [5] [6]
Malitbog Geothermal Power Station (Steam is from Leyte Geothermal Production Field) 232.5 1996 Malitbog, Tongonan, Kananga, Leyte 11°9′7″N 124°38′58″E / 11.15194°N 124.64944°E / 11.15194; 124.64944 (Malitbog Geothermal Power Station) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Upper Mahiao Geothermal Power Station (Steam is from Leyte Geothermal Production Field) 125 1996 Limao, Kananga, Leyte 11°10′25.0889″N 124°37′40.2938″E / 11.173635806°N 124.627859389°E / 11.173635806; 124.627859389 (Upper Mahiao Geothermal Power Station) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Mahanagdong Geothermal Power Station (Steam is from Leyte Geothermal Production Field) 180 1997 Ormoc City, Leyte 11°10′25.0889″N 124°37′40.2938″E / 11.173635806°N 124.627859389°E / 11.173635806; 124.627859389 (Mahanagdong Geothermal Power Station) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Leyte Optimization Geothermal Power Station (Steam is from Leyte Geothermal Production Field) 50.9 1997 Tongonan and Limao, Kananga, Leyte 11°10′25.0889″N 124°37′40.2938″E / 11.173635806°N 124.627859389°E / 11.173635806; 124.627859389 (Leyte Optimization Geothermal Power Station) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Tongonan Geothermal Power Plant (Steam is from Leyte Geothermal Production Field) 112.5 1982 Limao, Kananga, Leyte, Leyte 11°10′25.0889″N 124°37′40.2938″E / 11.173635806°N 124.627859389°E / 11.173635806; 124.627859389 (Leyte Optimization Geothermal Power Station) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Mindanao Geothermal Production Field Energy Development Corporation (Produces steam for Mindanao 1 and 2 power plants. Total 106 MW) 0 1987 Mount Apo, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato 7°00′47.9819″N 125°13′07.6865″E / 7.013328306°N 125.218801806°E / 7.013328306; 125.218801806 (Mindanao Geothermal Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6] [7]
Mindanao 1 Geothermal Power Plant (Steam is from Mindanao Geothermal Production Field) 52 1997 Mount Apo, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato 7°00′47.9819″N 125°13′07.6865″E / 7.013328306°N 125.218801806°E / 7.013328306; 125.218801806 (Mindanao Geothermal Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6] [7]
Mindanao 2 Geothermal Power Plant (Steam is from Mindanao Geothermal Production Field) 54 1999 Mount Apo, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato 7°00′47.9819″N 125°13′07.6865″E / 7.013328306°N 125.218801806°E / 7.013328306; 125.218801806 (Mindanao Geothermal Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6] [7]
Northern Negros Geothermal Production Field Energy Development Corporation 0 Murcia, Negros Occidental 10°28′55.3483″N 123°05′58.8563″E / 10.482041194°N 123.099682306°E / 10.482041194; 123.099682306 (Southern Negros Production Field) decommissioned [8]
Southern Negros Geothermal Production Field Energy Development Corporation (Produces steam for Palimpinon 1 & 2, Nasulo geothermal powerplants. Total 221.9 MW) 0 1983, 1993 - 1994, 1995 Valencia, Negros Oriental 9°17′14.6317″N 123°14′20.9170″E / 9.287397694°N 123.239143611°E / 9.287397694; 123.239143611 (Southern Negros Production Field) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Palinpinon 1 Geothermal Power Plant (Steam is from Southern Negros Geothermal Production Field) 112.5 1983, 1993 - 1994, 1995 Valencia, Negros Oriental 9°17′14.6317″N 123°14′20.9170″E / 9.287397694°N 123.239143611°E / 9.287397694; 123.239143611 (Southern Negros Geothermal Steamfield) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Palinpinon 2 Geothermal Power Plant (Steam is from Southern Negros Geothermal Production Field) 60 1983, 1993 - 1994, 1995 Valencia, Negros Oriental 9°17′14.6317″N 123°14′20.9170″E / 9.287397694°N 123.239143611°E / 9.287397694; 123.239143611 (Southern Negros Geothermal Steamfield) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Nasulo Geothermal Power Plant (Steam is from Southern Negros Geothermal Production Field) 49.4 2015 Valencia, Negros Oriental 9°17′14.6317″N 123°14′20.9170″E / 9.287397694°N 123.239143611°E / 9.287397694; 123.239143611 (Southern Negros Geothermal Steamfield) Operational [2]
[5] [6]
Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant 275 1979 Tiwi, Albay 13°27′56″N 123°38′55″E / 13.46556°N 123.64861°E / 13.46556; 123.64861 (Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant) Operational [9]
Maibarara Geothermal Power Plant 20 2014 Santo Tomas, Batangas Operational
Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban) Geothermal Power Plant 480 1979, 1980, 1984, 1996 Brgy. Bitin, Bay, Laguna 14°5′17″N 121°13′35″E / 14.08806°N 121.22639°E / 14.08806; 121.22639 (Makiling-Banahaw Geothermal Power Plant) Operational
Ampiro Geothermal Power Project 30 Misamis Occidental Proposed
Mt. Sibulan-Kapatagan Geothermal Power Project 300 Davao del Sur Proposed
Balatukan-Balingasag Geothermal Prospect 40 Balingasag, Misamis Oriental Proposed
Lakewood Geothermal Prospect 40 Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur Proposed
Montelago Power Plant 44 2016 Oriental Mindoro Operational
Biliran Geothermal Plant 49 2016 Biliran Under Construction
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Solar/photovoltaic[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Bataan Solar Power Plant (Ka Tei Solar Inc.) 5.02 2016 Morong, Bataan Operational [10]
Toledo Cebu Solar Power Plant (Ka Tei Solar Inc.) 5 2016 Toledo, Cebu Operational [11]
Burgos Solar Power Plant (Energy Development Corporation) 4.1 2015 Burgos, Ilocos Norte 18°30′58″N 120°38′46″E / 18.51611°N 120.64611°E / 18.51611; 120.64611 (EDC Burgos Wind Farm) Operational [2]
[5]
CEPALCO Cagayan de Oro Photovoltaic Power Plant 1.1 2004 Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental Operational [12][13]
Surallah Photovoltaic Power Plant 5 Surallah, South Cotabato Under-construction [14]
Philippine Solar Farm Leyte Inc. (PSFLI) 30 March 2015 Ormoc City, Leyte Operational [15]
Badoc-Vintar Photovoltaic Power Plant 20 Badoc and Vintar, Ilocos Norte Approved [16]
SaCaSol I 45 May 15, 2014 San Carlos City, Negros Occidental Operational [17]
islaSol I 32 December 2015 La Carlota, Negros Occidental Operational [17]
islaSol II 48 March 2016 Manapla, Negros Occidental Operational
ECOGLOBAL INC. 100 - 300 2015 ZamboEcozone , Zamboanga City 7°00′13.37″N 121°55′25.63″E / 7.0037139°N 121.9237861°E / 7.0037139; 121.9237861 (San Ramon Power) Under-construction
ADI 2 March 25, 2015 Batangas Operational
Solar Philippines 63.3 March 15, 2016 Calatagan Batangas Operational
Solar Philippines 1.5 Sept. 20, 2014 SM Mall North Edsa Operational
Solar Philippines 0.7 Nov. 24, 2015 Central Mall Binan Laguna Operational
Raslag Solar Power Plant 10 January 2015 Mexico, Pampanga Operational
Valenzuela Solar Energy, Inc 8.6 Nov.28, 2015 Valenzuela, Metro Manila Operational
MIRAE Asia Energy Corp. 20 Feb.10, 2016 Curimao, Ilocos Norte Operational
Cadiz Solar Power Plant 132.5 March 3, 2016 Cadiz, Negros Occidental Operational
Sindicatum Renewable Energy 22 2016 Mabalacat City,Pampanga Operational
Enfinity S.A. 28.6 2016 Digos, Davao Del Sur Operational
Citicore Power, Inc. 25 2016 Silay City, Negros Occidental Operational
Citicore Power, Inc. 16 2016 Mariveles, Bataan Operational
Citicore Power, Inc. 60 2016 Toledo City, Cebu Operational
First Cabanatuan Renewable Venture 10.26 2016 Cabanatuan City Operational
Wind power plants[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Burgos Wind Farm (Energy Development Corporation) 150 2014 Burgos, Ilocos Norte 18°30′58″N 120°38′46″E / 18.51611°N 120.64611°E / 18.51611; 120.64611 (EDC Burgos Wind Farm) Operational [2][5]
Philippine Wind Farm 48 Puerto Galera, Mindoro 18°31′40″N 120°42′50″E / 18.52778°N 120.71389°E / 18.52778; 120.71389 (Bangui Wind Farm) Under construction [18]
Bangui Wind Farm 33 2005 Bangui, Ilocos Norte 18°31′40″N 120°42′50″E / 18.52778°N 120.71389°E / 18.52778; 120.71389 (Bangui Wind Farm) Operational
Caparispisan Wind Farm 81 2014 Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte 18°36′17″N 120°47′54″E / 18.60472°N 120.79833°E / 18.60472; 120.79833 (Caparispisan Wind Farm) Operational
San Lorenzo Wind Farm 54 2014 San Lorenzo, Guimaras Operational [19]
Pililla Wind Farm 54 2015 Pililla, Rizal Under-Construction
Sembrano Wind Farm 72 Pililla, Rizal Under-Construction
Biomass Power[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
North Negros BioPower 24.9 2018 Manapla, Negros Occidental Proposed
CLEAN GREEN Energy Corp. 12 2017 Bagag, Bataan Under-Construction
Green Power Panay Phil Inc 35 2016 Mina, Iloilo Under-Construction
Green Power Bukidnon Phil Inc 35 2016 Maramag, Bukidnon Under-Construction
Green Power Alcala Phil Inc 35 2016 Alcala, Cagayan Under-Construction
Kalilangan Biomass Energy Corporation 10 2017 TBA, Mindanao Under-Construction
Don Carlos Biomass Energy Corporation, 10 2017 TBA, Mindanao Under-Construction
Misamis Oriental Biomass Energy Corporatio 12 2017 Misamis, Oriental Under-Construction
Aseagas Corporation 8.8 2015 Lian, Batangas Operational
San Carlos BioPower 19.9 2015 San Carlos City, Negros Occidental Operational
Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation (IBEC) 18 2015 Alicia, Isabela Operational
Asea One Power 42 2014 Aklan, Panay Operational
Non-renewable[edit]
Coal[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Tokyo Electric Power Marubeni 1294 1999 Sual, Pangasinan 16°6′24″N 120°5′17″E / 16.10667°N 120.08806°E / 16.10667; 120.08806 (Sual Power Station) Operational [20]
AES Corp. 600 1998 Masinloc, Zambales 15°34′02″N 119°55′22″E / 15.56722°N 119.92278°E / 15.56722; 119.92278 (Masinloc Power Station) Operational [20]
EGCO Group 511 2000 Mauban, Quezon 14°13′45″N 121°45′18″E / 14.22917°N 121.75500°E / 14.22917; 121.75500 (Quezon Power Plant) Operational [20]
Tokyo Electric Power Marubeni 728 1996 Pagbilao, Quezon 13°53′35″N 121°44′42″E / 13.89306°N 121.74500°E / 13.89306; 121.74500 (Pagbilao Coal Power Plant) Operational [20]
Mariveles Coal-Fired Power Plant 651.6 2013 Mariveles Bataan 14°25′21″N 120°32′15″E / 14.42250°N 120.53750°E / 14.42250; 120.53750 (GN Mariveles Power Plant) Operational [20]
DMCI Holdings 600 1984, 1995 Calaca, Batangas 13°55′49″N 120°47′19″E / 13.93028°N 120.78861°E / 13.93028; 120.78861 (Calaca Power Station) Operational [20]
APEC 50 2006 Mabalacat, Pampanga 15°14′08″N 120°36′37″E / 15.23556°N 120.61028°E / 15.23556; 120.61028 (APEC Power Station) Operational [20]
SMC Consolidated Power Corp 600 2016 Limay, Bataan 14°56′6″N 120°36′37″E / 14.93500°N 120.61028°E / 14.93500; 120.61028 (APEC Power Station) Operational [20]
Toledo Power Corp(Metrobank) 246 1993 Toledo, Cebu Operational [21]
KEPCO-SPC Power Plant 200 2011 Naga, Cebu Operational [21]
STEAG GMBH 232 2006 Villanueva, Misamis Oriental Operational [21]
Lanao Kauswagan power station 552 2017 Kauswagan ,Lanao Del Norte under Construction [21]
PEDC Coal Fired Power Plant 167.4 Lapaz,Iloilo City, Iloilo Operational [22]
Therma South Inc. 300 2015 Brgy. Binugao, Toril District, Davao City Operational
[23] [24]
Sultan Energy Philippines 200 2012 Sultan Kudarat Operational
SMI Power Corp. 500 2016 Malag, Davao Del Sur Operational
Total 7432 MW
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Diesel[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Bohol Diesel Power Plant 11 1978, 1986, 1996 Tagbilaran, Bohol Operational [25]
SPC Cebu Diesel Power Plant 43.8 1994 Naga City, Cebu Operational [25][26]
Cebu Private Power Corporation 43.8 1994 Cebu Operational [25][26]
Panay Diesel Power Plant 74.9 1999 Iloilo City, Iloilo Operational [25][26]
CELCOR Power Plant 26.5 1996 Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija Operational [26]
Western Mindanao Power Corporation 100 1997 Brgy. Sangali, Zamboanga City 7°04′58.4″N 122°12′56.9″E / 7.082889°N 122.215806°E / 7.082889; 122.215806 (WMPC) Operational
Bauang Diesel Power Plant 255 1994 Bauang, La Union Operational [27][20]
Subic Diesel Power Plant 116 1994 Subic Bay Freeport Zone Operational [20]
Natural gas[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Ilijan Combined Cycle Power Plant 1200 2000 Batangas City, Batangas Operational [28]
San Gabriel Combined Cycle Power Plant 414 2016 Batangas City, Batangas 13°46′16.7344″N 121°01′33.8733″E / 13.771315111°N 121.026075917°E / 13.771315111; 121.026075917 (San Gabriel Combined Cycle Power Plant) Operational [2][29]
San Lorenzo Combined Cycle Power Plant 500 2002 Batangas City, Batangas 13°46′16.7344″N 121°01′33.8733″E / 13.771315111°N 121.026075917°E / 13.771315111; 121.026075917 (San Lorenzo Combined Cycle Power Plant) Operational [2]
Santa Rita Combined Cycle Power Plant 1000 1997 Batangas City, Batangas 13°46′16.7344″N 121°01′33.8733″E / 13.771315111°N 121.026075917°E / 13.771315111; 121.026075917 (Santa Rita Combined Cycle Power Plant) Operational [2]
Avion Open Cycle Power Plant 97 2016 Batangas City, Batangas 13°46′16.7344″N 121°01′33.8733″E / 13.771315111°N 121.026075917°E / 13.771315111; 121.026075917 (Avion Open Cycle Power Plant) Operational [2][30]
Oil[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Sucat Thermal Power Plant 850 1986 Muntinlupa Decommissioned, For auction for recommissioning
Bataan Combined Cycle Power Plant 540 1991 Bataan Operational
Malaya Thermal Power Plant 650 1972 and 1996 Pililla, Rizal 14.3959 Operational
Nuclear[edit]
Station
Capacity (MW)
Commissioned
Community
Coordinates
Status
Ref
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant 621 N/A Morong, Bataan 14°37′45″N 120°18′49″E / 14.62917°N 120.31361°E / 14.62917; 120.31361 (Bataan Nuclear Power Plant) Completed but Never Operated
See also[edit]
[show]Map all coordinates using OSM
Map all coordinates using Google
Export all coordinates as KML
Export all coordinates as GPX
Map all microformatted coordinates
Place data as RDF
Geothermal power in the Philippines
List of power stations in Asia
List of largest power stations in the world
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Agusan 2 Hydro Power PLant".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Power Plants of First Gen Corporation".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Hedcor Inc - Our Plants". Retrieved 4 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "First Gen Eyes operations of Bubunawan Hydro by 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Power Plants of Energy Development Corporation".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Geothermal Development in the Philippines: The Country Update".
^ Jump up to: a b c "RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT IN MINDANAO GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION FIELD, PHILIPPINES".
Jump up ^ "Our Projects - Operating Geothermal Sites" Archived 2015-11-04 at the Wayback Machine.. Energy Development Corporation. Retrieved on 2011-03-06.
Jump up ^ "Tiwi Geothermal Field". National Geothermal Association of the Philippines. Retrieved on 2011-03-06.
Jump up ^ http://kateisolarinc.com.ph/projects/bataan-power-plant/"
Jump up ^ http://kateisolarinc.com.ph/projects/toledo-cebu-power-plant/"
Jump up ^ http://www.vistapinas.com/article/cepalco-1-mw-photovoltaic-power-plant
Jump up ^ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/252532/green-energy-offers-hope-to-mindanao
Jump up ^ http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2013/06/29/construction-philippines-largest-solar-plant-set-sept-289787
Jump up ^ http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/06/18/govt-okays-30-mw-leyte-solar-station/
Jump up ^ http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/08/12/1082361/ilocos-norte-towns-korean-firm-ink-deal-countrys-biggest-solar-plant
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.experiencenegros.com/negros-occidental-renewable-energy/
Jump up ^ Calderon, Justin (22 May 2013). "Philippines schedules largest wind farms". Inside Investor. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.philstar.com/business/2015/05/20/1456543/trans-asia-unit-connect-guimaras-wind-farm-grid
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "2012 List of Existing Power Plants-Luzon" (PDF). Department of Energy, The Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Miras, J.C. "Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Philippines". Retrieved March 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Philippines
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Power Plant Profiles" Archived 2011-10-28 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.editgrid.com/user/nicknich3/DOE_List_of_Philippine_Power_Plants.html
Jump up ^ "1590 Energy Corporation". Vivant. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://online.platts.com/PPS/P=m&s=1029337384756.1478827&e=1096495472414.2240023308785804128/?artnum=T20F04Q072wW6O160440OC_1
Jump up ^ "Siemens Power to build 414 MW San Gabriel Combined Cycle Power Plant for First Gen".
Jump up ^ "Delay Prompts First Gen to terminate contract with IEG".
External links[edit]
Power Plant Profiles (Philippines)
Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippines
Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines
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Grey parrot
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Grey parrot
Conservation status

Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Tribe: Psittacini
Genus: Psittacus
Species: P. erithacus
Binomial name
Psittacus erithacus
Linnaeus, 1758
Range of the Congo grey parrot
The grey parrot or African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is an Old World parrot in the family Psittacidae. This article describes the Congo grey parrot. The Timneh parrot (Psittacus timneh) was earlier treated as conspecific but has since been split as a full species.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Distribution and habitat
3 Behavior and ecology
3.1 Breeding
3.2 Diet
4 Conservation
5 Relationship to humans
6 Mutations
7 References
8 External links
Description[edit]
The head of Congo grey parrot
The grey parrot is a medium-sized, predominantly grey, black-billed parrot. Their average weight is 400 grams (0.88 lb), with an average length of 33 centimetres (13 in)[2] and an average wingspan of 46–52 cm.[3] The Congo species is a lighter grey, with darker grey over the head and both wings, while the head and body feathers have a slight white edge to them. The tail feathers are red. The Timneh is a darker grey and has a dark maroon coloured tail as well as having a portion of their beak being light pink in colour. Due to artificial selection by parrot breeders, some Congo grey parrots are partially or completely red.[4] Both sexes appear similar.[2] The colouration of juveniles is similar to that of adults, but the eye is typically dark grey to black, in comparison to the yellow irises around dark eyes of the adult birds.[5] The undertail coverts are also tinged with grey.[2] The adults weigh between 418 and 526 grams.[6]
Grey parrots may live for 40–60 years in captivity, although their mean lifespan in the wild appears to be shorter at about 23 years.[3]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The grey parrot is native to equatorial Africa, including Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. The species is found inside a range from Kenya to the eastern part of the Ivory Coast.[7] Between 120,100 and 259,000 Timneh African gray parrots remain worldwide.[8] Current estimates for the global population of Congo grey parrots are uncertain and range from 0.63 to 13 million birds. Populations are decreasing worldwide.[8] The species seems to favor dense forests, but can also be found at forest edges and in more open vegetation types (gallery and savanna forests).[1]
A population study published in 2015 found that the species had been ″virtually eliminated″ from Ghana with numbers declining 90 to 99% since 1992.[9] They were found in only 10 of 42 forested areas, and in three roosts that once held between 700 and 1200 birds each, now had only 18 in total. Local people mainly blamed the pet trade, and the felling of timber for the decline.[10] Populations are thought to be stable in Cameroon, and in the Congo an estimated 15,000 are taken every year for the pet trade, from the eastern part of the country. The annual quota is 5,000.[10]
Behavior and ecology[edit]
Breeding[edit]
Two eggs and one newborn chick of the Congo grey parrot
A one-day old chick of the Congo grey parrot
Grey parrots are monogamous breeders which nest in tree cavities. Each couple of parrots needs its own tree to nest. The hen lays three to five eggs, which she incubates for 30 days while being fed by her mate. The adults defend their nesting sites.[7] Both parents help take care of the chicks until they can go off on their own.[11] Grey parrot chicks require feeding and care from their parents in the nest.[7] The parents take care of them until four or five weeks after they are fledged.[11] Young leave the nest at the age of 12 weeks. Little is known about the courtship behavior of this species in the wild.[3] They weigh between 12 and 14 g at hatching and between 372 and 526 g when they leave their parents.[6]
Diet[edit]
A pet grey parrot eating a cucumber.
They are mostly frugivorous; most of their diet consists of fruit, nuts, and seeds. The species prefers oil palm fruit and also eat flowers and tree bark, as well as insects and snails.[4] In the wild, the grey is partly a ground feeder.[12] In captivity, it can eat sunflower seeds, bird pellets, a variety of fruits such as pears, orange, pomegranate, apple, and banana, and vegetables such as carrots, cooked sweet potato, celery, fresh kale, peas, and green beans.[6][12] They also need a source of calcium.[7]
Conservation[edit]
The natural predators for this species include palm-nut vultures, as well as a number of raptors; monkeys target eggs and the young for food. Grey parrots in captivity have been observed to be susceptible to fungal infections, bacterial infections, nutritional insufficiency, malignant tumors, psittacine beak and feather disease, tapeworms, and blood-worms.[7][12]
Humans are by far the largest threat to wild grey populations. Between 1994 and 2003, over 359,000 grey parrots were traded on the international market. Around 21% of the population of the wild birds are being harvested every year. Mortality rates are extremely high after they are captured until they reach market, ranging from 60 to 66%.[8] Mortality among imported birds is high.[13] This bird is also hunted for its meat and for its parts are used in traditional medicines.[14] As a result of the extensive harvest of wild birds, in addition to habitat loss, this species is believed to be undergoing a rapid decline in the wild and has therefore been rated as endangered by the IUCN.[1]
In October 2016, the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Fauna and Flora (CITES) extended the highest level of protection to grey parrots by listing the species under appendix 1, which bans global and domestic trade in the species.[15]
Relationship to humans[edit]
The species is common in captivity and is regularly kept by humans as a companion parrot, prized for its ability to mimic human speech, which makes it one of the most popular avian pets.[1] An escaped pet in Japan was returned to his owner after repeating the owner's name and address.[16]
Skeleton
They are notorious for mimicking noises around their environment and using them tirelessly. While they are highly intelligent birds, they need enrichment and attention in captivity or they can become distressed; feather plucking is a common symptom.[12] However, they may be prone to behavioural problems due to their sensitive nature.[13]
Grey parrots are also highly intelligent, having been shown to perform at the cognitive level of a 4– to 6-year-old child in some tasks. New experiments have shown that grey parrots can learn number sequences and can associate human voices with those humans' faces.[17] Most notably, Dr Irene Pepperberg's work with Alex the parrot showed his ability to learn over 100 words, differentiating between objects, colours, materials, and shapes.[18]
Mutations[edit]
Grey mutations occur naturally in the wild, like the Blue Ino (albino), Incomplete Ino, and Blue varietals. The Blue Ino is all white. The Incomplete Ino has light pigmentation. The Blue has a white tail.
Breeders from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Scandinavia have intensively bred greys since the 1800s. These bred varieties include the Red Pied, F2 Pied, Grizzles, Ino, Incomplete, Parino, Lutino, Cinnamon, and Red Factor. South African bird breeder Von van Antwerpen and New Zealand partner Jaco Bosman selected F2 Pieds and created the first Red Factor Greys. The Red Factor Greys are rare, can be predominantly red-pigmented, and range in price depending on the extent of the red plumage displayed.[19]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bellamy, D; Boyes, S; Dowsett-Lemaire, F; Gilardi, J; Hall, P; Hart, J; Hart, T; Lindsell, J; Michels, A; Phalan, B; et al. (2016). "Psittacus erithacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Holman, Rachel. "Psittacus erithacus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "African gray parrot | bird". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
Jump up ^ de Grahl, Wolfgang (1987). The Grey Parrot. TFH Publications.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kooistra, Michelle. "Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) | Parrot Encyclopedia". www.parrots.org. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Psittacus erithacus (grey parrot)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mcgowan, Phillip (2008). "AFRICAN GREY PARROT PSITTACUS ERITHACUS CASE STUDY" (PDF). Cites.org. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "‘Catastrophic’ decline: nearly 99% of African grey parrots wiped out in Ghana". Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Future is black for grey parrots". New Scientist. 228 (3049): 9. 28 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Griffin, Jenny (13 February 2012). "Species Spotlight on the African Grey Parrot". Brighthub. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "African Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus". Lafeber Company. 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) – Care In Captivity". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) - BirdLife species factsheet". www.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Wildlife Conservation Society (1 October 2016). "CITES Parties Extend Protections to the African Grey Parrot". National Geographic. National Geographic. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Stray Japan parrot talks way home May 22, 2008 BBC Retrieved March 2, 2017
Jump up ^ Stromberg, Joseph. "African Grey Parrots Have the Reasoning Skills of 3-year-olds". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Pepperberg, Irene M. (2009). The Alex studies: cognitive and communicative abilities of grey parrots. Harvard University Press.
Jump up ^ "African Grey Parrots". Retrieved 19 May 2016.
External links[edit]
Media related to Psittacus erithacus at Wikimedia Commons
[hide]
v
t
e
Subfamily: Psittacinae
Genus
Species
Psittacus
Congo African grey parrot (or grey parrot) (supporting pages: Alex (parrot)
N'kisi)
Timneh African grey parrot (or Timneh parrot)
Poicephalus
Cape parrot
P. fuscicollis
Red-fronted parrot
Meyer's parrot
Rüppell's parrot (or Rueppell's parrot)
Brown-headed parrot
Red-bellied parrot
Senegal parrot
Yellow-fronted parrot
Niam-Niam parrot
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q220328
ADW: Psittacus_erithacus
EoL: 1177912
GBIF: 2480181
iNaturalist: 19269
ITIS: 177608
IUCN: 22724813
NCBI: 57247
Species+: 9644
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Second New Deal
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The Second New Deal (1935–36) is the term used by commentators at the time[1] and historians ever since to characterize the second stage, 1935-36, of the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In his address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for five major goals: improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance, as well as a national work relief program (the Works Progress Administration) to replace direct relief efforts. It is usually dated 1935-36, and includes programs to redistribute wealth, income and power in favor of the poor, the old, farmers and labor unions. The most important programs included Social Security, the National Labor Relations Act ("Wagner Act"), the Banking Act of 1935, rural electrification, and breaking up utility holding companies. The Undistributed profits tax was only short-lived. Liberals in Congress passed the Bonus Bill of $1.5 million to 3 million World War veterans over FDR's veto. Liberals strongly supported the new direction, and formed the New Deal Coalition of union members, big city machines, the white South, and ethnic minorities to support it; and conservatives—typified by the American Liberty League—were strongly opposed. Few liberal programs were enacted after 1936; Liberals generally lost control of Congress in 1938. Programs continued for a while. Many were ended during World War II because unemployment was no longer a problem. These included the WPA, NYA and the Resettlement Administration. Social Security, however, survived and was expanded.
See also[edit]
New Deal Coalition
Further reading[edit]
Amenta, Edwin, Kathleen Dunleavy, and Mary Bernstein. "Stolen Thunder? Huey Long's" Share Our Wealth," Political Mediation, and the Second New Deal." American Sociological Review (1994): 678-702. in JSTOR
Folsom, Burton W. New Deal or Raw Deal?: How FDR's Economic Legacy Has Damaged America (2009), excerpt and text search
Katznelson, Ira (2013). Fear Itself: The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time. Liveright. p. 247ff.
Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (2001), online edition
Leuchtenburg, William. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal: 1932-1940 (1963). online
Patterson, James T. (1967). Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal. p. 37ff. .
Phillips-Fein, Kim. Invisible Hands: The Businessmen's Crusade Against the New Deal (2010) excerpt and text search
Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur Meier. The Politics of Upheaval: 1935-1936 (The Age of Roosevelt, Volume III) (1959), excerpt and text search
References[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Jump up ^ Frank Kent, Without Grease (1936), p. 63
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