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Achy Breaky Heart
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Not to be confused with Achin', Breakin' Heart.
For the Filipino film of the same name, see The Achy Breaky Hearts.
"Achy Breaky Heart"
Single by Billy Ray Cyrus
from the album Some Gave All
Released
March 23, 1992 (1992-03-23)
Format
7"
CD
cassette
Recorded
January 1992
Genre
Country
rockabilly
Length
3:23
Label
PolyGram
Mercury
Songwriter(s)
Don Von Tress
Producer(s)
Joe Scaife
Jim Cotton
Billy Ray Cyrus singles chronology
"Achy Breaky Heart"
(1992) "Could've Been Me"
(1992)
"Achy Breaky Heart"
(1992) "Could've Been Me"
(1992)
Music video
"Achy Breaky Heart" at CMT.com
"Achy Breaky Heart" is a country song written by Don Von Tress. Originally titled "Don't Tell My Heart" and performed by The Marcy Brothers in 1991, its name was later changed to "Achy Breaky Heart" and performed by Billy Ray Cyrus on his 1992 album Some Gave All. As Cyrus' debut single and signature song, it made him famous and has been his most successful song. It became one of the first singles ever to achieve triple Platinum status in Australia[1] and also 1992's best-selling single in the same country.[2][3] In the United States it became a crossover hit on pop and country radio, peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topping the Hot Country Songs chart, becoming the first country single to be certified Platinum since Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton's "Islands in the Stream" in 1983.[4] The single topped in several countries, and after being featured on Top of the Pops in the United Kingdom, peaked at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. It remains Cyrus's biggest hit single in the U.S. to date, and his only one to reach the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100. Thanks to the video of this hit, there was the explosion of the line dance into the mainstream, becoming a craze.[5][6][7][8] The song is considered by some as one of the worst songs of all time, featuring at number two in VH1 and Blender's list of the "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs Ever."[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 Parodies
4 Other cover versions
5 Track listings
5.1 Billy Ray Cyrus version
5.2 Alvin and The Chipmunks version
6 Charts
6.1 Billy Ray Cyrus version
6.2 Alvin and the Chipmunks version
7 Sales and certifications
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
Don Von Tress wrote the song in 1990.
The song was initially to be recorded by The Oak Ridge Boys in the early 1990s but the group decided against recording it after lead singer Duane Allen said that he did not like the words "achy breaky".[10] It was then recorded in 1991 under the title "Don't Tell My Heart" by The Marcy Brothers, although their version changed some lyrics.
Billy Ray Cyrus heard Von Tress's version of the song, and chose to include it on his debut album Some Gave All in 1992. It is written in the key of A major and possesses only two chords: A and E.
Critical reception[edit]
The song reached number 23 on CMT's 100 Greatest Videos in 2008, and number 2 on Blender magazine's 50 Worst Songs Ever.[9] In 2002, Shelly Fabian from About.com ranked the song number 249 on the list of the Top 500 Country Music Songs.[11] In 2007, the song was ranked at number 87 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s.[12] A review from Cash Box magazine was positive, stating that "The song is good, but it his performance that will keep you wired."[13]
Despite its initially critical reviews, the song has become a cult classic and Billy Ray Cyrus has announced that he will be making a sequel to the infamous song.[14]
Parodies[edit]
In the Hannah Montana episode "The Way We Almost Weren't", Billy Ray Cyrus's character Robby Stewart is seen in a dream sequence writing "Achy Breaky Heart" in a New Mexico cafe in 1987. He tries the words "itchy twitchy heart" and "herky jerky heart" but is unsatisfied. Jackson suggests he use the words "achy breaky," but Robby blows it off as "the dumbest thing I've ever heard."[15] The series makes several different references to the song, for example: When Robby got a back injury in the Season 2 episode "I Want You, To Want Me To Go To Florida", as he got the injury, he exclaimed "My achy breaky back!". The two-part Season 2 episode "Achy Jakey Heart" also was named in reference to the song. Robby also mentions the song in the Season 1 Episode "Ooo, Ooo, Itchy Woman", when he chased a mouse into the piano and it started playing melodies, later asking the mouse: "Do you know Achy Breaky Heart?".
Celtic fans used the tune of the song to pay tribute to winger Paddy McCourt,[citation needed] a trend continued by various teams, for instance Southampton for defender Virgil van Dijk,[16] Newcastle United fans for midfielder Yohan Cabaye,[citation needed]West Ham United fans towards attacking midfielder Dimitri Payet[17] and Leicester City fans for winger Anthony Knockaert.[citation needed]
"Weird Al" Yankovic parodied it as "Achy Breaky Song" about a man's disdain for the song. Al considered the song "mean-spirited" and donated its proceeds to charity.[18]
Other cover versions[edit]
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song in 1992 on Chipmunks in Low Places. This version, which features speaking parts by Billy Ray himself, reached number 71 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, becoming their first chart entry on any Billboard chart in 32 years.[citation needed] In Australia, this version peaked at number 61 in early 1993.[19]
Kikki Danielsson covered the song with lyrics in Swedish by Mikael Wendt and Christer Lundh, as "En allra sista chans" on her 1993 album Jag ska aldrig lämna dig.[20]
Caballo Dorado (Latin Grammy winners for Best Grupero Album in 2009) covered the song in 1999 with lyrics in Spanish, as "No Rompas Más (Mi pobre corazón)" [21]
The Kidsongs Kids covered the song in 1994 on their Country Sing-Along DVD.
Track listings[edit]
Billy Ray Cyrus version[edit]
CD maxi
"Achy Breaky Heart" — 3:24
"I'm So Miserable" — 4:00
"Wher'm I Gonna Live?" — 3:29
Alvin and The Chipmunks version[edit]
7" single
"Achy Breaky Heart"
"I Ain't No Dang Cartoon"
Charts[edit]
Billy Ray Cyrus version[edit]
Chart (1992–93)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[22] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[23] 6
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[24] 5
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[25] 1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[26] 4
France (SNEP)[27] 11
Germany (Official German Charts)[28] 27
Ireland (IRMA)[29] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[30] 22
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[31] 23
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[32] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[33] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[34] 4
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[35] 23
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[36] 1
Year-end chart (1992)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[37] 1
Canada Adult Contemporary Tracks (RPM)[38] 54
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[39] 1
New Zealand[40] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[41] 15
US Country Songs (Billboard)[42] 2
Alvin and the Chipmunks version[edit]
Chart (1992–93)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company) 53
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[43] 71
Sales and certifications[edit]
Country
Certifications
Certifications sales
Australia 3× Platinum[1] 210,000
United Kingdom Silver[44] 200,000
United States Platinum[45] 1,000,000
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 31 Jan 1993 and 7 Feb 1993 (1–60)". Imgur.com (original document published by ARIA). Retrieved August 30, 2017. N.B. The triangle symbol indicates platinum certification, with the number beside it indicating the level of platinum achieved. Both "Achy Breaky Heart" and Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You" were certified triple platinum during the same week.
Jump up ^ Hurst, Jack (1993-07-04). "Achy Breaky Start Bruised by the Critics, Billy Ray Cyrus is Coming Back For More". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts — End Of Year Charts — Top 50 Singles 1992". ARIA. Archived from the original on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
Jump up ^ Cyrus Goes Triple-Platinum; Brooks Breaks 8 million. Billboard. 1992-08-15. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
Jump up ^ "Line dancing refuses to go out of style". Star-News. 1992-10-30. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Stepping to country fun". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids-Iowa City). 1993-04-17. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Cyrus sets off dance craze". The Daily Courier. 1994-07-25. Retrieved 2010-08-12. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "This time around, the country craze proves to have some staying power". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 1995-06-13. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "VH1 & Blender Magazine Present: 50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs ... Ever". Archived at PR Newswire. VH1, Blender. 12 May 2004.
Jump up ^ "The Ones That Got Away". Country Weekly. 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Fabian, Shelly (2002). "Top 500 Country Music Songs". About.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-14.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Songs of the '90s". Music News — VH1 Music. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Feature Picks" (PDF). Cash Box: 19. March 28, 1992.
Jump up ^ http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2014/02/nothing-will-prepare-you-for-billy-ray-cyrus-achy-breaky-heart-sequel/
Jump up ^ "The Way We Almost Weren't". Hannah Montana. Season 2. Episode 23. May 4, 2008.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRV6K9FN_Vk. Retrieved 14 January 2017. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Andy Mitten. "He does flicks and tricks, tackles and scores: West Ham’s Dimitri Payet ‘does everything’". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Yankovic, Alfred M. (May 1999). ""Ask Al" Q&As for May, 1999". The Official "Weird Al" Yankovic Web Site. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
Jump up ^ "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 14 Feb 1993 (61–100)". Imgur.com (original document published by ARIA). Retrieved August 30, 2017. N.B. The HP column displays the highest peak reached.
Jump up ^ "Jag ska aldrig lämna dig — Svensk mediedatabas (SMDB)". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.allmusic.com/song/no-rompas-mi-coraz%C3%B3n-mt0010259044
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Billy Ray Cyrus – Achy Breaky Heart". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Billy Ray Cyrus – Achy Breaky Heart" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2004." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. July 25, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 2170." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. June 27, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2022." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. July 25, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Billy Ray Cyrus – Achy Breaky Heart" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Cyrus,Billy Ray Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 31, 1992". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Billy Ray Cyrus – Achy Breaky Heart". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Billy Ray Cyrus search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Billy Ray Cyrus – Achy Breaky Heart". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Billy Ray Cyrus – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Billy Ray Cyrus. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Billy Ray Cyrus – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Billy Ray Cyrus. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Billy Ray Cyrus – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for Billy Ray Cyrus. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ 1992 Australian Singles Chart aria.com Archived July 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved July 25, 2008)
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1992". RPM. December 19, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1992". RPM. December 19, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ The Official New Zealand Music Chart - NZ End Of Year Charts 1992
Jump up ^ "Billboard Year End listing for "Achy Breaky Heart"". Billboard. 1992-12-31. Archived from the original on 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Best of 1992: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Chipmunks – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for The Chipmunks.
Jump up ^ "BPI certification results". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 2013-01-11. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
Jump up ^ "RIAA singles for "Achy Breaky Heart"". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Some Girls Do"
by Sawyer Brown Billboard Hot Country Songs
number-one single
May 30–June 27, 1992 Succeeded by
"I Saw the Light"
by Wynonna Judd
Preceded by
"Take It Like a Man"
by Michelle Wright RPM Country Tracks
number one single
June 27–July 11, 1992
Preceded by
"The Thunder Rolls"
by Garth Brooks RPM Country Tracks
number-one single of the year
1992 Succeeded by
"In the Heart of a Woman"
by Billy Ray Cyrus
[hide]
v
t
e
Billy Ray Cyrus singles
Some Gave All
"Achy Breaky Heart"
"Could've Been Me"
"Wher'm I Gonna Live?"
"She's Not Cryin' Anymore"
It Won't Be the Last
"In the Heart of a Woman"
"Somebody New""
"Words by Heart"
"Talk Some"
Storm in the Heartland
"Storm in the Heartland"
"Deja Blue"
"One Last Thrill"
Trail of Tears
"Trail of Tears"
"Three Little Words"
The Best of Billy Ray Cyrus
"It's All the Same to Me"
Shot Full of Love
"Under the Hood"
"Time for Letting Go"
"Busy Man"
"Give My Heart to You"
Southern Rain
"You Won't Be Lonely Now"
"We the People"
"Burn Down the Trailer Park"
"Crazy 'Bout You Baby"
"Southern Rain"
Time Flies
"Bread Alone"
"What Else Is There"
"Back to Memphis"
The Other Side
"Always Sixteen"
"Face of God"
"The Other Side"
Wanna Be Your Joe
"Wanna Be Your Joe"
"I Want My Mullet Back"
Home at Last
"Ready, Set, Don't Go"
Back to Tennessee
"Somebody Said a Prayer"
"Back to Tennessee"
"A Good Day"
I'm American
"Runway Lights"
"Nineteen"
Change My Mind
"Change My Mind"
"Hillbilly Heart (Keeping It Country)"
Thin Line
"Hey Elvis" (with Bryan Adams and Glenn Hughes)
"Thin Line" (with Shelby Lynne)
Guest singles
"Romeo" (with Dolly Parton, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Kathy Mattea, Pam Tillis, and Tanya Tucker)
"When I Leave This House" (with Adam Gregory)
Other songs
"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'"
"Real Gone"
"Butterfly Fly Away" (with Miley Cyrus)
Related articles
Discography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achy_Breaky_Heart&oldid=799339116"
Categories:
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Mercury Records singles
1991 songs
Football songs and chants
Debut singles
Hidden categories:
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text:
Love Is All You Need
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the short directed by Kim Rocco Shields, see Love Is All You Need? For the film directed by Kim Rocco Shields, see Love Is All You Need? (2016 film).
Love Is All You Need
Theatrical poster
Directed by
Susanne Bier
Produced by
Sisse Graum Jørgensen
Vibeke Windeløv
Screenplay by
Anders Thomas Jensen
Story by
Susanne Bier
Anders Thomas Jensen
Starring
Pierce Brosnan
Trine Dyrholm
Kim Bodnia
Music by
Johan Söderqvist
Cinematography
Morten Søborg
Edited by
Pernille Bech Christensen
Morten Egholm
Production
company
Zentropa Productions
Arte
Distributed by
Sony Pictures Classics (US)
Release date
2 September 2012 (2012-09-02) (Venice)
6 September 2012 (2012-09-06) (Denmark)
3 May 2013 (2013-05-03) (US)
Running time
116 minutes[1]
Country
Denmark
Sweden
Italy
France
Germany
Language
Danish
English
Italian
Budget
€5.5 million
($7.1 million)
Box office
$10,016,934[2]
Love Is All You Need (Danish: Den skaldede frisør, Lit.: The Bald Hairdresser) is a 2012 Danish romantic comedy film directed by Susanne Bier and starring Pierce Brosnan and Trine Dyrholm.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Location
4 Soundtrack
5 Awards and accolades
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Danish hairdresser Ida, who has recently completed a successful breast cancer treatment after undergoing a mastectomy, returns home to find her husband Leif having an affair with his accountant, Tilde. In a different part of Copenhagen, American businessman Philip, (Pierce Brosnan) is a successful exporter of fruits and vegetables who has become misanthropic after the death of his wife.
Meanwhile, Ida's daughter Astrid and Philip's son Patrick have gone to Italy to prepare Patrick's family's villa in preparation for their wedding, which is to take place only three months after they met.
Ida is in denial about her husband leaving her. She intends to travel alone to Italy for the wedding, but at Copenhagen airport she bumps into Philip for the first time (her car collides with Philip's). After he shouts at her for being a reckless driver he realizes she is Astrid's mother and the two travel the rest of the way to the villa together. They do not have a favourable view of one another as Philip finds Ida irritating while Ida thinks that Philip is rude and mean.
At the villa drama ensues when Leif brings his new girlfriend, Tilde, to the wedding and everyone is surprised when she introduces herself as his fiancée. Upset, Ida goes for a swim in the cove near the house. Philip sees her swimming nude and runs to urge her out of the water as the current can be dangerous. On their walk home he shows her the groves of lemon and orange trees on the estate.
Philip begins to feel attracted to Ida's warm and sunny personality and eventually confides the way in which his wife died to her. He also rejects the advances of Benedikte, his sister-in-law. At a celebration before the wedding Philip dances with Ida. He allows Leif to cut in but after he pushes Ida around their son comes to Ida's rescue and punches Leif. Philip then tells Ida she's beautiful and wonderful but they are interrupted by Benedikte.
Back at the party Patrick sees Astrid grinding on Alessandro, a hired hand at the villa. He breaks them apart but Astrid tells him that he is gay. When he goes to apologize to Alessandro the two end up kissing.
The morning of the wedding Patrick disappears. Philip finds him and Patrick confesses that he doesn't want to marry and only did it in part because he thought it was something Philip would want him to do. Before the ceremony Patrick and Astrid inform the guests they will not be getting married. Ida goes to comfort Astrid and Philip comforts Patrick. Philip is able to say goodbye to Ida before she leaves but they do not say anything of consequence.
Sometime later after arriving back in Denmark Ida comes home to a house filled with roses. Leif tells Ida he still loves her and apologizes to her for leaving her for Thilde. Philip meanwhile finds his life cold and unsatisfactory. He goes to visit Ida at the salon where she works and tells her that he is cutting back on his workload and moving to Italy. He asks Ida to come and visit him. Ida tells him that Leif has moved back and that she loves him. Back at home Ida realizes she no longer loves Leif and dumps him.
Ida goes to Italy, ditching her wig and wearing her short hair which is growing back from chemo. She goes to Italy where she finds Philip who has gone back to working in the lemon orchard on his estate. She asks him to sit with her while she opens a letter from the hospital giving her her latest test results. Philip and Ida kiss before they open the letter. After reading the results they smile and then kiss again.
Cast[edit]
Pierce Brosnan as Philip
Trine Dyrholm as Ida
Kim Bodnia as Leif
Paprika Steen as Benedikte
Sebastian Jessen as Patrick
Molly Blixt Egelind as Astrid
Christiane Schaumburg-Müller as Tilde
Micky Skeel Hansen as Kenneth
Bodil Jørgensen as Lizzie
Line Kruse as Bitten
Ciro Petrone as Alessandro
Location[edit]
The southern Italian scenes were shot in Sorrento and on the Amalfi Coast.[3][4]
Soundtrack[edit]
The film's soundtrack features multiple versions of the song "That's Amore".[5]
Awards and accolades[edit]
In 2013, Love Is All You Need was selected as best comedy film at the 26th European Film Awards.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "DEN SKALDEDE FRISØR – LOVE IS ALL YOU NEED (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 18 February 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Love Is All You Need at Box Office Mojo Retrieved 21 May 2013
Jump up ^ "Love Is All You Need press kit" (PDF) (Press release). Sony Pictures Classics. p. 4. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
Jump up ^ WENN (23 May 2013). "Pierce Brosnan fell in love with Sorrento on film set". Starpulse.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Love Is All You Need". The Chicago Reader. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Winners 2013". European Film Awards. European Film Academy. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
External links[edit]
Official website
Love Is All You Need on IMDb
Love Is All You Need at Box Office Mojo
Love Is All You Need at Metacritic
Love Is All You Need at Rotten Tomatoes
Love Is All You Need at Dog And Wolf
Love Is All You Need in the Danish Film Database
[hide]
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Films
Freud's Leaving Home (1991)
Family Matters (1993)
Credo (1997)
The One and Only (1999)
Once in a Lifetime (2000)
Open Hearts (2002)
Brothers (2004)
After the Wedding (2006)
Things We Lost in the Fire (2007)
In a Better World (2010)
Love Is All You Need (2012)
Serena (2014)
A Second Chance (2014)
Bird Box (2018)
Television
The Night Manager (2016)
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Persistence (computer science)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about state outliving processes. For immutable data structures, see Persistent data structure. For concepts relating to the persistence of memory, see The Persistence of Memory (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In computer science, persistence refers to the characteristic of state that outlives the process that created it. This is achieved in practice by storing the state as data in computer data storage. Programs have to transfer data to and from storage devices and have to provide mappings from the native programming-language data structures to the storage device data structures.[1]
Picture editing programs or word processors, for example, achieve state persistence by saving their documents to files.
Contents
[hide]
1 Orthogonal or transparent persistence
1.1 Adoption
2 Persistence techniques
2.1 System images
2.2 Journals
2.3 Dirty writes
3 Persistence layers
4 System prevalence
5 Database management systems (DBMSs)
6 Persistent operating systems
7 See also
8 References
Orthogonal or transparent persistence[edit]
Persistence is said to be "orthogonal" or "transparent" when it is implemented as an intrinsic property of the execution environment of a program. An orthogonal persistence environment does not require any specific actions by programs running in it to retrieve or save their state.
Non-orthogonal persistence requires data to be written and read to and from storage using specific instructions in a program, resulting in the use of persist as a transitive verb: On completion, the program persists the data.
The advantage of orthogonal persistence environments is simpler and less error-prone programs.[citation needed]
Adoption[edit]
Orthogonal persistence is widely adopted in operating systems for hibernation and in platform virtualization systems such as VMware and VirtualBox for state saving.
Research prototype languages such as PS-algol, Napier88, Fibonacci and pJama, successfully demonstrated the concepts along with the advantages to programmers.
Persistence techniques[edit]
System images[edit]
Main article: System image
Using system images is the simplest persistence strategy. Notebook hibernation is an example of orthogonal persistence using a system image because it does not require any actions by the programs running on the machine. An example of non-orthogonal persistence using a system image is a simple text editing program executing specific instructions to save an entire document to a file.
Shortcomings: Requires enough RAM to hold the entire system state. State changes made to a system after its last image was saved are lost in the case of a system failure or shutdown. Saving an image for every single change would be too time-consuming for most systems, so images are not used as the single persistence technique for critical systems.
Journals[edit]
Main article: Journal (computing)
Using journals is the second simplest persistence technique. Journaling is the process of storing events in a log before each one is applied to a system. Such logs are called journals.
On startup, the journal is read and each event is reapplied to the system, avoiding data loss in the case of system failure or shutdown.
The entire "Undo/Redo" history of user commands in a picture editing program, for example, when written to a file, constitutes a journal capable of recovering the state of an edited pictures at any point in time.
Journals are used by journaling file systems, prevalent systems and database management systems where they are also called "transaction logs" or "redo logs".
Shortcomings: Journals are often combined with other persistence techniques so that the entire (potentially large) history of all system events does not have to be reapplied on system startup.
Dirty writes[edit]
This technique is the writing to storage of only those portions of system state that have been modified (are dirty) since their last write. Sophisticated document editing applications, for example, will use dirty writes to save only those portions of a document that were actually changed since the last save.
Shortcomings: This technique requires state changes to be intercepted within a program. This is achieved in a non-transparent way by requiring specific storage-API calls or in a transparent way with automatic program transformation. This results in code that is slower than native code and more complicated to debug.
Persistence layers[edit]
Any software layer that makes it easier for a program to persist its state is generically called a persistence layer. Most persistence layers will not achieve persistence directly but will use an underlying database management system.
System prevalence[edit]
Main article: System Prevalence
System prevalence is a technique that combines system images and transaction journals, mentioned above, to overcome their limitations.
Shortcomings: A prevalent system must have enough RAM to hold the entire system state.
Database management systems (DBMSs)[edit]
Main article: DBMS
DBMSs use a combination of the dirty writes and transaction journaling techniques mentioned above. They provide not only persistence but also other services such as queries, auditing and access control.
Persistent operating systems[edit]
Persistent operating systems are operating systems that remain persistent even after a crash or unexpected shutdown. Operating systems that employ this ability include
KeyKOS
EROS, the successor to KeyKOS
CapROS, revisions of EROS
Coyotos, successor to EROS
Multics with its single-level store
Phantom
IBM System/38
Grasshopper OS [1]
Lua OS
tahrpuppy-6.0.5
See also[edit]
Persistent data
Persistent data structure
Persistent identifier
Persistent memory
Copy-on-write
CRUD
Java Data Objects
Java Persistence API
System Prevalence
Orthogonality
Service Data Object
Snapshot (computer storage)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Balzer, Stephanie (November 17, 2005). "Contracted Persistent Object Programming" (PDF). University of Glasgow - School of CS - Research. ETH Zürich. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
Authority control
GND: 4247899-6
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persistence_(computer_science)&oldid=802977966"
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Raise Your Weapon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Raise Your Weapon"
Single by deadmau5 featuring Greta Svabo Bech
from the album 4×4=12
Released
23 May 2011
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2009–10[1]
Genre
Progressive house
dubstep
Length
3:22 (radio edit)
8:22 (album version)
Label
mau5trap
Ultra
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Joel Zimmerman
Cydney Sheffield
Sonny Moore
Producer(s)
deadmau5
Skrillex
deadmau5 singles chronology
"Sofi Needs a Ladder"
(2010) "Raise Your Weapon"
(2011) "Aural Psynapse"
(2011)
"Sofi Needs a Ladder"
(2010) "Raise Your Weapon"
(2011) "Aural Psynapse"
(2011)
"Raise Your Weapon" is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5. It was released on May 23, 2011 as the fifth and final single from his fifth studio album 4×4=12. The song was written by Joel "deadmau5" Zimmerman, Cydney Sheffield and Sonny "Skrillex" Moore[2] and features contributing vocals from Greta Svabo Bech.[3] Musically, "Raise Your Weapon" is a progressive house song that begins with a piano melody and Bech's vocals and ends with a dubstep breakdown done by deadmau5(with little help of his friend Sonny Moore) with the vocals repeated.[2][4] The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with some highlighting it as a standout track from the album. It reached number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it his first song to make an entry on the chart.[5] It also reached number 117 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was nominated at the 54th Grammy Awards for Best Dance Recording, where he also performed the song in a sequence with David Guetta, Chris Brown, Lil Wayne and Foo Fighters, with the songs being "I Can Only Imagine" and "Rope."[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Critical reception
2 Chart performance
3 Track listing
4 Charts
5 Certifications
6 References
7 External links
Critical reception[edit]
"Raise Your Weapon" received generally positive reviews from music critics. David Jeffries from Allmusic gave the song a positive review, saying, "When the one-two punch of “Raise Your Weapon” and “One Trick Pony” introduce the Mau5’s newfound love of dubstep, you’ve got just enough variety."[7] Will Hermes of Rolling Stone also gave a positive review, "The masterstroke is "Raise Your Weapon," which breaks down into a sick dubstep beat. "How does it feel now, to watch it burn?" asks singer Greta Svabo Bech before the bass hits".[4] Dave Simpson of The Guardian said "Raise Your Weapon – featuring Greta Svabo Bech's soulful vocal – shows he can turn his hand to thoughtful sounds".[8] Alex Denney of BBC Music "Raise Your Weapons lurches suddenly from vocal-led, ambient house into the dentist-drill arsenal of sounds more commonly associated with Benga".[9] Michelangelo Matos of The A.V. Club gave the song a mixed review, calling Bech's verses "half-baked" and the use of dubstep "by-the-numbers".[10]
Chart performance[edit]
In the United Kingdom, the song charted at number 117 on the UK Singles Chart briefly after the single's release in mid-2011.[11] In the United States, the song debuted at number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100 on the issue date of March 3, 2012,[12] as well as number 11 on the Heatseekers Songs chart.[12] It also made an entry at number 93 on the Canadian Hot 100.[13] According to Keith Caulfield of Billboard, its latest chart entries is possibly due to a sales boost after performing at the 54th Grammy Awards along with David Guetta, Chris Brown, Lil Wayne and Foo Fighters.[14]
Track listing[edit]
Digital download[15]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Raise Your Weapon" (Radio Edit) 3:23
2. "Raise Your Weapon" (Album Version) 8:23
3. "Raise Your Weapon" (Madeon Extended Remix) 4:15
4. "Raise Your Weapon" (Noisia Remix) 5:36
5. "Raise Your Weapon" (Stimming Remix) 7:18
Charts[edit]
Chart (2011–12)
Peak
position
Canadian Hot 100[13] 93
UK Singles Chart[11] 117
US Billboard Hot 100[12] 100
US Heatseekers Songs (Billboard)[12] 11
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[16]
Platinum 80,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Dub5tepthingie4 by fuckmylife on SoundCloud - Hear the world's sounds". Soundcloud.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
^ Jump up to: a b David Jeffries. "4 x 4 = 12 - Deadmau5 | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ [1]
^ Jump up to: a b Will Hermes (2010-12-07). "4x4=12 | Album Reviews". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ "The Hot 100 : Mar 03, 2012 | Billboard Chart Archive". Billboard.com. 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ Swickey, Zachary (2012-02-13). "deadmau5, David Guetta Celebrate EDM's Big Night At The Grammys - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ David Jeffries. "4 x 4 = 12 - Deadmau5 | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ Dave Simpson (2010-12-02). "Deadmau5: 4x4=12 – review | Music". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Music - Review of deadmau5 - 4x4=12". BBC. 2010-12-07. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ Matos, Michaelangelo (2010-12-07). "Deadmau5: 4 x 4 = 12 | Music | MusicalWork Review". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "2010-10-02 Top 40 Official Singles Chart UK Archive". Official Charts. 2010-10-02. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "deadmau5 : Chart History". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
^ Jump up to: a b [2] Archived February 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Mitchell, John (2012-02-13). "Skrillex, deadmau5 Likely To Experience Boost From 2012 Grammys - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived December 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Deadmau5 – Raise Your Weapon". Music Canada. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
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"Move for Me"
"I Remember"
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"Strobe"
"Some Chords"
"Animal Rights"
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text:
Super Bowl ring
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Steelers Super Bowl XL ring
Joe Theismann's Super Bowl ring (right)
The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl. Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectable memento for the actual players and team members to keep for themselves to symbolise their victory.
Contents
[hide]
1 Details
2 Value and resale
3 Most Super Bowl rings
4 Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Details[edit]
These rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds. They usually include the team name, team logo, and Super Bowl number (usually indicated in Roman numerals). The NFL pays for the cost of 150 rings to the winning team, at roughly $5,000,000 in total, depending upon the fluctuating cost of gold and diamonds. Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens. In 2015 (for the New England Patriots), it was reported that each ring cost $36,500, costing over $5 million, being the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced.[1] The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose, including usually, but not limited to: players (active roster or injured), coaches, trainers, executives, personnel, and general staff. Some teams have also been known to give rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season, despite not having been on the winning roster for the Super Bowl itself.[2][3] Sometimes a team will give rings to fans as part of a charity raffle.[4] Teams can distribute any number of rings, but must pay for any over the 150-ring limit. A recent trend over the last 15–20 years has been lesser rings awarded to front office staff. These are commonly called "B" and "C" level rings and are smaller and contain fewer diamonds or contain faux diamonds. The first instance of this was the Redskins Super Bowl XVII ring when many in the front office received rings that were not solid gold and contained cubic zirconia stones (which resemble diamonds). When Tampa Bay won Super Bowl XXXVII, the players and coaches received rings with a diamond-centered Lombardi trophy. Some staff received rings with a metal Lombardi trophy and real diamonds surrounding the trophy and the "C" level ring did not contain any diamonds.
Many rings feature diamonds in the shape of the Vince Lombardi Trophy or a football. Some feature diamonds or gold in the shape of a team logo. Others illustrate the number of Super Bowls that franchise has won. Also, the rings are customized with the player's name and uniform number.
The Green Bay Packers Super Bowl XLV ring[5] contained more than 100 diamonds. The Packer logo, in the center of the ring, made up 13 diamonds, one for each title the team has won, dating back to 1929. In a break from tradition, this is the first super bowl ring to be made of platinum, not gold.[citation needed]
The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter.[6]
Value and resale[edit]
Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles, along with genuine rings. Dave Meggett is known to have placed his ring for sale on eBay. Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008.[7] Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia.[8] Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury.[9]
In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction. Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' great Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction. In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000.
Most Super Bowl rings[edit]
Seven: Two people:
Bill Belichick: two as defensive coordinator of the Giants and five as head coach of New England
Neal Dahlen:[10][11] five with San Francisco (Staff and Player Personnel) and two with Denver (General Manager)
Six: Six people:
Dan Rooney and Art Rooney II: each as an executive with Pittsburgh
Chuck Noll: four as head coach and two as a team consultant with Pittsburgh
Bill Nunn: each as a scout with Pittsburgh[12][13]
"Mean Joe" Greene: four as a defensive tackle, two as a special assistant for player personnel, all with the Pittsburgh Steelers[14]
Conditioning coach Mike Woicik: three with Dallas and three with New England
Five: Twenty people. Only two people have won all five of their Super Bowl rings as a player:
Tom Brady (all with New England). Won five Super Bowl rings as the starting quarterback. He has the most rings of any active player (as of the end of the 2016-17 season), and the first and only player to win five playing for one team.
Robert Kraft, five as owner of New England
Charles Haley (who played on two winning teams, the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers)
Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., five as owner of San Francisco
Keith Simon: five as CFO and Executive VP with San Francisco
Bobb McKittrick: five as offensive line coach with San Francisco
Ray Rhodes: five as an assistant coach with San Francisco
Bill McPherson: five as defensive line coach with San Francisco
Dick Hoak: each as a running backs coach with Pittsburgh
Romeo Crennel: two as a defensive coach with Giants and three as a defensive coordinator with New England
George Seifert: three as an assistant coach and two as a head coach all with San Francisco 49ers
Dwight Clark: two as a player and three as a member of the front office, all with San Francisco
Pepper Johnson: two as a linebacker for the Giants and three as an assistant coach with New England
Monsignor Peter Armstrong: five as chaplain for San Francisco
Markus Paul: three as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the Patriots, and two as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the Giants[15]
Tim Rooney: Three with Pittsburgh Steelers and two with New York Giants (as Pro Personnel Director/Scout)
Josh McDaniels has won five with the New England Patriots his first as personnel assistant, second as defensive coaching assistant, third as quarterbacks coach and his fourth and fifth as offensive coordinator.
Ivan Fears has won five with the New England Patriots his first as wide receivers coach and the remaining as running backs coach.
Ernie Adams has won five with the New England Patriots as a football research director
Brian Daboll has won five with the New England Patriots, one as a defensive coaching assistant, two as wide receivers coach, and two as tight ends coach
Four: at least 39 players, many coaches and staff
The first player to win four Super Bowl rings was tight-end Marv Fleming, who got a pair with the Green Bay Packers in 1966 and 1967, and another pair with the Miami Dolphins in 1972 and 1973.
Twenty-two players earned four rings with the Steelers in the 1970s: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, Mel Blount, Jack Lambert, Jack Ham, Mike Webster, Donnie Shell, L. C. Greenwood, Rocky Bleier, Gerry Mullins, Larry Brown, Mike Wagner, J.T. Thomas, Loren Toews, Jon Kolb, Sam Davis, Steve Furness, Dwight White, Randy Grossman and the previously mentioned Joe Greene (who later added two more rings). At least five coaches were with the team all four years: George Perles, Louis Riecke, Woody Widenhofer and (as noted above) Chuck Noll and Dick Hoak. The list of Steelers front office staff receiving four rings during that era includes Director of Player Personnel Dick Haley.
Tom Flores: First person to have rings as a player (Kansas City Chiefs), assistant coach and head coach (Oakland Raiders)
Joe Montana, Keena Turner, Jesse Sapolu, Eric Wright, Mike Wilson and Ronnie Lott each won four Super Bowl rings with the 49ers.
Kicker Adam Vinatieri won three with the Patriots and one with the Colts.
Russ Grimm won three with the Washington Redskins and one with the Pittsburgh Steelers
Ted Hendricks won one with the Baltimore Colts and three with the Raiders
Bill Romanowski won two with the 49ers and two with the Denver Broncos
Coach Charlie Weis won one with the Giants and three with the Patriots
Matt Millen has four rings while playing for four different cities and three different teams, one with Oakland, one with Los Angeles, one with San Francisco, and one with Washington (only player to earn a ring with four different cities)
Sherman Lewis won three as running backs coach with San Francisco and one as offensive coordinator with Green Bay.
Willie Davis[16] Won all four rings with the Green Bay Packers. Two as a player, one as a member of the team's board of directors, and one as an emeritus director. He is the only person to possess all four of Green Bay's Super Bowl rings. It should be noted that Davis also won rings as a member of the 1961, 1962 and 1965 NFL Championship Green Bay Packer teams, bringing his unofficial championship ring count to seven, as the first three were awarded prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.
Mike Pope won all four of his Super Bowl rings as the long time Tight End coach for the New York Giants
Ken Norton, Jr. was the first member of 3 Super Bowl-winning teams in a row as a player, and gained a 4th ring as the Linebacker coach for the 2013 Seattle Seahawks.
Larry Izzo won three super bowls with the New England Patriots, and one as the special teams assistant coach with the New York Giants
Coach Gary Kubiak won one with the 49ers as Quarterbacks Coach, two with the Broncos as Offensive Coordinator, and one as the Head Coach of the Broncos
Dante Scarnecchia has won four with the New England Patriots as an offensive line coach, along with being assistant head coach for three of them
Brian Pariani has won four rings. One as an offensive assistant coach with the San Francisco 49ers and three as the Tight Ends coach with the Denver Broncos
Three: many players, coaches and staff
Among the many figures with three are Bill Walsh, John Elway, Mike Ditka, Mike Shanahan, Art Shell, Jerry Rice, Steve Young, Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, Jay Novacek, Michael Irvin, Larry Brown, Eric Mangini, Joe Gibbs, Dave Dalby, Cliff Branch, Roger Craig, Shannon Sharpe, Ed McCaffrey, Mark Schlereth and Tom Coughlin.
Twenty-two players earned three rings with the New England Patriots during the early 2000s: Troy Brown, Willie McGinest, Richard Seymour, Ty Law, Mike Vrabel, Tedy Bruschi, Kevin Faulk, Matt Light, Patrick Pass, Ted Johnson, Lonie Paxton, Stephen Neal, Joe Andruzzi, David Patten, Larry Izzo, Roman Phifer, Tom Ashworth, Adrian Klemm, Je'Rod Cherry, Matt Chatham, the aforementioned Adam Vinatieri who later added a fourth ring with the Colts, and the aforementioned Tom Brady who would go on to win two additional Super Bowls with the Patriots.
Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings[edit]
A select few have won championships in both the NFL and Canada’s equivalent Canadian Football League (CFL).
Terry Greer was the first person to win both championships; he won the Grey Cup as a member of the Toronto Argonauts in 1983, and two Super Bowl rings as a member of the San Francisco 49ers in 1988 and 1989.
Brandon Browner (cornerback) won a ring in 2008 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders. He then won a Super Bowl ring in 2013 with the Seattle Seahawks, although he did not play in that game due to a suspension. He went on to play against the Seahawks in the next year's Super Bowl, where he won a second ring with the 2014 New England Patriots.
O. J. Brigance won a Grey Cup ring in 1995 with the CFL’s Baltimore Stallions and won a Super Bowl ring in 2001 with the Baltimore Ravens. He is the only player to win both a Grey Cup and a Super Bowl with teams from the same city.
Harald Hasselbach won a ring in 1992 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders and won a Super Bowl ring in 1997 with the Denver Broncos.
Tyrone Williams won two Super Bowl rings with Dallas in 1992 and 1993, though he did not participate in either game. He then won a Grey Cup ring with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996.
Alvin Walton (safety) won two Super Bowl rings with the NFL's Washington Redskins (1987 and 1991 seasons, but did not participate in the 1991 season Super Bowl victory over the Buffalo Bills) and won a Grey Cup ring with the Baltimore Stallions in 1995.
Bobby Singh (guard) is the only player to win a Grey Cup (2006 with the BC Lions), a Super Bowl (1999 with the St. Louis Rams) and the XFL Championship (2001 with the Los Angeles Xtreme).
Barry Wilburn (cornerback) won the Grey Cup in 1994 with the BC Lions and a Super Bowl with the Washington Redskins in 1988.
See also[edit]
National Football League portal
Championship ring
World Series ring
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://espn.go.com/blog/new-england-patriots/post/_/id/4782282/how-much-does-each-patriots-super-bowl-ring-cost
Jump up ^ Sando, Mike (December 16, 2007). "Week 15: Winter Leaves its Mark: Playoff Picture Remains Muddled". Last Call. ESPN.
Jump up ^ Duncan, Jeff (September 28, 2011). "Former New Orleans Saints Player Steve Gleason Gets a Super Bowl Ring at an Emotional Party". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans.
Jump up ^ d'Estries, Michael (September 21, 2010). "New Orleans Saints Raffle Super Bowl Ring for Gulf Spill Charities". Mother Nature Network.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Michael (June 16, 2011). "Packers Marvel at Super Bowl Ring's Might". In My Opinion. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/19601640/new-england-patriots-super-bowl-li-rings-designed-283-diamonds-apparent-nod-comeback-atlanta-falcons
Jump up ^ "Steelers Super Bowl Rings Sold In Online Auction". Pittsburgh: WTAE-TV. July 21, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2009. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Je'Rod Cherry Super Bowl XXXVI Ring Raffle". Celebrities for Charities. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2009. This ring is currently in the possession of a sports collector in Ottawa, Canada
Jump up ^ Garber, Greg. "Super Bowl Ring 'a Symbol of Excellence'". ESPN. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Edholm, Eric (January 26, 2011). "Lord of the Rings". Pro Football Weekly. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Delozier, Dave (February 6, 2011). "7 Super Bowl Rings for a Coloradan". Denvery: KUSA-TV. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (February 27, 2007). "Long-Time Scout Bill Nunn Is a Man who Made a Difference" (Press release). Pittsburgh Steelers. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouchette, Ed (February 20, 2010). "Steelers Scout Nunn Receives Honor". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (February 12, 2009). "Greene one of few with six rings" (Press release). Pittsburgh Steelers. Archived from the original on February 5, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mayer, Larry (March 6, 2012). "Former Bears Safety Boasts Five Super Bowl Rings" (Press release). Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Spofford, Mike (July 2, 2011). "One man has all four rings" (Press release). Green Bay Packers. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
External links[edit]
Images of the first 45 Super Bowl Rings at ESPN.com
Images of all of the Super Bowl Rings, photos of presentation boxes & conference rings at sports-rings.com
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text:
Gerard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Gerard (disambiguation).
Gerard
Pronunciation
/ˈdʒɛrərd/, US: /dʒɪˈrɑːrd/
French: [ʒeʁaʁ]
Old French: [dʒerɑrd]
Gender
male
Origin
Word/name
Germanic
Meaning
spear-hard
Region of origin
common in regions where Germanic and/or Romance languages are spoken
Other names
Related names
Gérard, Gerardo, Gerd, Gerhard, Gerhardt, Gerhardus, Gerrit, Gerry, Geert, Gert, Gertje, Gherardo, Girard, Guérard, Jerry
Gerard is a male forename of Proto-Germanic origin,[1] variations of which exist in many Germanic and Romance languages. Like many other early Germanic names, it is dithematic, consisting of two meaningful constituents put together. In this case, those constituents are gari > ger- (meaning 'spear') and -hard (meaning 'hard/strong/brave').
Common forms of the name are Gerard (English, Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Polish and Catalan); Gerrard (English, Scottish, Irish); Gerardo (Italian, Portuguese and Spanish); Gherardo (Italian); Gherardi (Northern Italian, now only a surname); Gérard (variant forms Girard and Guérard, now only surnames, French); Gearóid (Irish); Gerhardt and Gerhart/Gerhard/Gerhardus (Afrikaans, Dutch, and German); Gellért (Hungarian); Gerardas (Lithuanian) and Gerards/Ģirts (Latvian); Γεράρδης (Greece). A few abbreviated forms are Gerry and Jerry (English); Gerd (German) and Gert (Afrikaans and Dutch); Gerrit (Afrikaans and Dutch); Gertjie (Afrikaans); Geert (Dutch) and Жоро[citation needed] (Bulgarian).
The introduction of the name 'Gerard' into the English language took place following the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Its original forms in Old French were “Gerard, Gerart” [dʒeʁɑʁ] and “Girart”.[1]
Patronymic surnames derived from a form of Gerard include Garrard, Garritsen, Gerard, Geertsen, Gerardet, Gerardi, Gerdes, Gerrard, Gerretsen, Gerrits(e), Gerritsen, Ghiraldi, and Giraud.
The name Gerald, while phonetically similar to Gerard, derives from a slightly different set of constituents: ger and wald (meaning 'rule/lead').
Contents
1 First name
2 Last name
3 Fictional characters
4 See also
5 References
First name[edit]
Gerard is a common name; for a complete list see All pages beginning with "Gerard". Some better known people named Gerard include:
Academics
Gerard Bolland (1854–1922), Dutch philosopher and radical
Gerard Clauson (1891–1974), English Orientalist
Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187), Italian translator of scientific Arabic works
Gerard De Geer (1858–1943), Swedish geologist
Gerard Heymans (1857–1930), Dutch philosopher and psychologist
Gerard Hendrik Hofstede (born 1928), Dutch social psychologist
Gerard 't Hooft (born 1946), Dutch theoretical physicist
Gerard de Jode (1509–1591), Dutch cartographer, engraver and publisher
Gerard Krefft (1830–1881), Australian zoologist
Gerard de Kremer (1512–1594), Flemish cartographer, geographer and cosmographer
Gerard Kuiper (1905–1973), Dutch–American astronomer
Gerard Labuda (1916–2010), Polish historian
Gerard van der Leeuw (1890–1950), Dutch historian and philosopher of religion
Gerard K. O'Neill (1927–1992), American physicist and space activist
Gerard Salton (1927–1995), German–born American computer scientist
Gerard van Swieten (1700–1772), Dutch–Austrian physician
Arts
Music
Gerard Joling (born 1960), Dutch pop singer
Gerard Mortier (1943–2014), Belgian opera director and administrator
Gerard Nolan (1946–1992), American rock drummer
Gerard Schwarz (born 1947), American conductor
Gerard Way (born 1977), American singer-songwriter and comic book writer
Theater and film
Gerard Depardieu (born 1948), French actor, filmmaker, and vineyard owner
Gerard Montgomery Bluefeather (1887–1963), American movie actor known as "Monte Blue"
Gerard Butler (born 1969), Scottish actor
Gerard Damiano (1928–2008), American director of adult films
Gerard Marenghi (born 1920), American actor
Gerard McSorley (born 1950), Irish actor
Gerard Murphy (Irish actor) (1948–2013), Northern Irish actor
Gerard Kenneth Tierney (1924–1985), American TV and western actor known as Scott Brady
Visual arts
Gerard Bilders (1838–1865), Dutch painter and art collector
Gerard ter Borch (1617–1681), Dutch painter
Gerard David (1460–1523), Dutch painter
Gerard Dou (1613–1675), Dutch genre painter
Gerard Douffet (1594–1660), Flemish painter
Gerard Edelinck (1640–1707), Flemish–born French engraver
Gerard Hoet (1648–1733), Dutch painter and engraver
Gerard van Honthorst (1592–1656), Dutch painter
Gerard Horenbout (c.1465–c.1541), Flemish miniaturist a.k.a. the Master of James IV of Scotland
Gerard Houckgeest (c.1600–1661), Dutch architectural and church interior painter
Gerard de Lairesse (1641–1711), Dutch painter and art theorist
Gerard Moerdijk (1890–1958), South African architect
Gerard Thomas Rietveld (1888–1964), Dutch furniture designer and architect
Gerard Seghers (1591–1651), Flemish painter, art collector, and art dealer
Gerard van Spaendonck (1746–1822), Dutch floral painter
Writing
Gerard F. Conway (born 1952), American writer of comic books and television shows
Gerard Malanga (born 1943), American poet, photographer, filmmaker, curator and archivist.
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–1889), British poet
Gerard Reve (1923–2006), Dutch writer
Gerard Walschap (1898–1989), Belgian writer
Business
Gerard Adriaan Heineken (1841–1893), Dutch founder of Heineken beer
Gerard Kleisterlee (born 1946), Dutch business executive, CEO of Philips
Gerard Philips (1858–1942), Dutch co–founder of "Philips"
Gerard Reynst (1560s–1615), Dutch merchant and Governor–General of the Dutch East Indies
Crime
Gerard Conlon (1954–2014), wrongfully imprisoned Northern Irishman, subject of "In the Name of the Father,"
Gerard John Schaefer (1946–1995), American serial killer
Medieval rulers
Gerard, Count of Auvergne (died 841), Count of Auvergne
Gerard, Duke of Lorraine a.k.a. Gerard the Great (c.1030–1070), Lotharingian nobleman
Gerard Grenier (died ca. 1170), Lord of Sidon, Kingdom of Jerusalem
Gerard I, Count of Guelders (c.1060–1120)
Gerard II, Count of Guelders (died 1131)
Gerard III, Count of Guelders (1185–1229)
Military
Gerard Bucknall (1894–1980), British army general
Gerard Pietersz Hulft (1621–1656), Dutch general
Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake (1744–1808), British general
Gerard de Ridefort (died 1189), Flemish Grand Master of the Knights Templar
Politics
Gerard Adams (born 1948), Irish politician, leader of the Sinn Feín party
Gerard Batliner (1928–2008), Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
Gerard Batten (born 1954), English UKIP politician
Gerard Anthony Brownlee (born 1956), New Zealand government minister
Gerard Cooreman (1852–1926), Belgian Prime Minister
Religion
Gerard, Abbot of Brogne (c. 895–959), Belgian abbot and saint
Gerard of Toul (935–994), German bishop and saint
Gerard of Csanád (died 1046), Hungarian bishop and saint, a.k.a. Gerard Sagredo
Gerard of Florennes (c.975–1051), Bishop of Cambrai
Gerard of Burgundy (died 1061), known as Pope Nicholas II
Gerard (archbishop of York) (died 1108), English archbishop
Blessed Gerard (c.1040–1120), Benedictine founder of the Knights Hospitaller
Gerard Segarelli (c.1240–1309), Italian founder of the Apostolic Brethern
Gerard Groote (1340–1384), Dutch founder of the Brethren of the Common Life
Gerard van Groesbeeck (1517–1580), Flemish bishop and cardinal
Gerard Majella (1726–1755), Italian lay brother and saint
Gerard de Korte (born 1955), Dutch Roman Catholic bishop
Sports
Gerard Cieślik (1927–2013), Polish football striker
Gerard Deulofeu (born 1994), Spanish football forward
Gerard Kemkers (born 1967), Dutch speed skater and skating coach
Gerard Friedrich Knetemann (1951–2004), Dutch racing cyclist
Gerard López (born 1979), Spanish football midfielder
Gerard Moreno (footballer) (born 1992), Spanish football striker
Gerard Nijboer (born 1955), Dutch long–distance runner
Gerard Piqué (born 1987), Spanish football defender
Gerard Plessers (born 1959), Belgian football defender
Gerard de Rooy (born 1980), Dutch truck racer
Gerard van Velde (born 1971), Dutch speed skater and skating coach
Last name[edit]
Alexander Gerard (1728–1795), Scottish church minister and academic
Alexander Gerard (explorer) (1792–1839), Scottish army officer and Himalayan explorer
A. E. Gerard (1877–1950), Alfred Edward Gerard, founder of several South Australian electrical businesses
Alphonso Gerard (1916–2002), Negro league baseball player
Baron Gerard
Darren Gerard (born 1984), English cricketer
Gerard baronets
Gilbert Gerard (1587–1670), English politician
Richard Gerard (1635–1680), English landowner
John Gerard (Jesuit) (died 1637)
Eddie Gerard (1890–1937), Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach
Emily Gerard (1849–1905), Scottish author
Étienne Maurice Gérard (1773–1852), French general and politician
Geoff Gerard (born 1955), Australian rugby league player
Gil Gerard (born 1943), American actor
Gilbert Gerard (judge) (died 1593), English lawyer and judge
Gilbert Gerard (theological writer) (1760–1815), Scottish writer
James W. Gerard (1867–1951), American lawyer and diplomat
Jim Gerard (born 1936), New Zealand politician
John Gerard (1545–1612), English botanist
Leo Gerard (born 1947), Canadian labour union leader
Ralph W. Gerard (1900–1974), American neurophysiologist
Richard Geoffrey Gerard (1904–1997), New Zealand politician
Robert Gerard (born 1944) South Australian electrical merchant and manufacturer
Sumner Gerard (1916–2005), American businessman, Montana politician, and US Ambassador to Jamaica
Fictional characters[edit]
Prince Gerard Himerce, the main hero of Gaiapolis
Brigadier Gerard in the novel Uncle Bernac and the short story anthologies The Adventures of Gerard and "The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard, by Arthur Conan Doyle
Joe Gerard, husband of the title character in the 1970s television series Rhoda
Philip Gerard, pursuer of the title character in the television series The Fugitive
Samuel Gerard, in the films The Fugitive and U.S. Marshals
Gerard DuGalle, in the video game StarCraft: Brood War
Gerard Duval, in the 1929 novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque
Gérard, in the Chronicles of Amber novel series by Roger Zelazny
Gerard Argent, a werewolf hunter and antagonist in MTV's cult television show Teen Wolf.
Marcel Gerard, a vampire and ruler of the New Orleans supernatural community in The CW network's television series The Originals.
See also[edit]
Gérard
Gerhard
Gerhardt
Garrett
Gerad (disambiguation)
Gerhart
Gerald (disambiguation)
Gerrard (disambiguation)
Girard (disambiguation)
Guerard (disambiguation)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Origins of our names". Liverpool Echo. 28 November 2009. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
Name list
This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.
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