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The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)
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Not to be confused with Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter.
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter
Hogwarts Castle, which houses Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
Universal's Islands of Adventure
Status
Operating
Cost
GBP £134 million[1]
USD $200 million[2]
Soft opening date
June 1, 2010[3]
Opening date
June 18, 2010 (2010-06-18)[4]
Replaced
Merlinwood (The Lost Continent)
Universal Studios Florida
Status
Operating
Cost
USD $256 million
Soft opening date
July 3, 2014[5]
Opening date
July 8, 2014[6][7][8]
Replaced
Jaws
General statistics
Attraction type
Themed zone
Designer
Universal Creative
Theme
Harry Potter
Size
Phase 1: 20 acres (8.1 ha)[9]
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a themed area spanning two theme parks—Islands of Adventure and Universal Studios Florida—at the Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida. The area is themed to the Harry Potter media franchise, adapting elements from the film series and novels by J. K. Rowling. The attraction was designed by Universal Creative from an exclusive license with Warner Bros. Entertainment.
The first phase was officially announced for Islands of Adventure on May 31, 2007,[10][11] and after a two-and-a-half-year construction period, the area officially opened to the public on June 18, 2010.[2][12] The area's flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, which exists within a re-creation of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It takes riders on a journey through Harry Potter's wizarding world.[13] Other attractions include Dragon Challenge, a now-closed pair of inverted roller coasters, and Flight of the Hippogriff, a family roller coaster. The area also features a re-creation of Hogsmeade containing many gift shops and restaurants from the novels including Dervish and Banges, Honeydukes, Ollivanders, Zonko's Joke Shop (though it houses Honeydukes), the Three Broomsticks, and the Hog's Head.
The second phase was initially announced on December 6, 2011, as a significant expansion of the existing Wizarding World of Harry Potter. On May 8, 2013, it was officially announced that a substantial portion of phase two would be constructed in the adjacent Universal Studios Florida theme park with a full scale working replica of the Hogwarts Express taking guests between the two lands. This phase's flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts, a 3D dark ride/simulator based on Gringotts Bank, the wizarding bank that appears in the book and film series. The attraction's design is similar to Transformers: The Ride and the Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man rides but built on a roller coaster track. The remaining attractions are themed around London and Diagon Alley. Diagon Alley officially opened on July 8, 2014.[6][7][8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Previous attraction attempts
1.2 Rumors and official announcement
1.3 Phase 1: Islands of Adventure
1.4 Phase 2: Universal Studios Florida
2 Rides
3 Dining, shopping, and other attractions
3.1 Hogsmeade
3.2 Diagon Alley
4 Reception
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
Previous attraction attempts[edit]
A Harry Potter themed attraction at a Universal Studios park or a Disney park was rumored in 2003.[14][15] However, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros., who denied all the rumors.[16] In 2001, Time Warner used this license to construct and operate the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia. The attraction was a small indoor walkthrough featuring many re-creations of locations in the first two movies. After two years of operation this attraction was removed.[17][18]
Rumors and official announcement[edit]
In January 2007, About.com reported a rumor from a "highly credible source" that the Islands of Adventure park's Lost Continent area was to be re-themed "to the stories and characters of one of the most popular children's franchises".[19] Other sources followed up in the next few days with unofficial confirmation the new area would involve Harry Potter, and was being developed under the name "Project Strong Arm" in reference to the KUKA robotic arm technology it would utilise.[20][21] Nikki Finke reported her own confirmation of the Potter park plans in April,[22] followed shortly by a story in The Scotsman;[23] both reports were widely relayed by other media sources.[24][25][26] On May 31, 2007, Universal (in partnership with Warner Bros.) officially announced the 20-acre (8.1 ha) addition recreating Hogwarts, the Forbidden Forest and Hogsmeade, with a planned opening in 2009.[9][10][11][27]
Phase 1: Islands of Adventure[edit]
Themed billboards were located around the Wizarding World during the two-year construction period.
Construction of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter began seven months after the official announcement, in January 2008. By July, the Flying Unicorn and Enchanted Oak Tavern were closed. The Flying Unicorn then began an almost two-year refurbishment which transformed it into the Flight of the Hippogriff. The Enchanted Oak Tavern was later demolished. A bridge was built to connect The Lost Continent with Jurassic Park allowing guests to avoid the construction zone that was to become the Wizarding World. Construction progressed with the Hogwarts Castle slowly taking shape. By September 2008, the Dueling Dragons entrance was moved to Jurassic Park to make room for construction of Hogsmeade. One month later, the old entrance was demolished. By September 2009, the top shell of Hogwarts Castle was completed. On September 15, an announcement was made detailing what was going to be included in the Wizarding World. In early 2010, Universal increased its marketing of the area, which included newspaper advertisements, billboards and television commercials. The Dueling Dragons were closed for some maintenance before being transformed into the Dragon Challenge.[28] Construction was completed by June 1, 2010, when the area began soft openings.[3]
A soft opening weekend was held for the media and reserved guests, starting on May 28, 2010. The park had two opening ceremonies that took place on June 16 and on June 18, 2010. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter's grand opening ceremony took place on June 16 with book series author J. K. Rowling, and film series actors Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, Michael Gambon, Robbie Coltrane, Tom Felton, Matthew Lewis, James and Oliver Phelps and Bonnie Wright, as well as Universal Orlando Resort officials, and representatives from the media. The ceremony, which was produced by Universal Orlando Events Production in conjunction with Thinkwell Group,[29] concluded with a fireworks display and a performance by the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by original series' composer John Williams. On June 18, the second ceremony took place, which officially opened the Wizarding World of Harry Potter to the public. NBC's Today Show[30] and The Weather Channel broadcast segments live from the park.[31][32][33]
Phase 2: Universal Studios Florida[edit]
The opening of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter saw attendance at Islands of Adventure rise by as much as 36% in 2010. According to Jason Garcia of the Orlando Sentinel, this had resort executives pondering "when to expand Wizarding World and how to keep business balanced between Islands and Universal Studios Florida".[34] In April 2011, Brady MacDonald of the Los Angeles Times speculated that an expansion of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter would see attractions such as Diagon Alley and a Gringotts-themed dark ride replace Islands of Adventure's Lost Continent themed area.[35]
Demolition of the Jaws ride and the surrounding Amity in March 2012
On December 6, 2011, Universal Parks & Resorts announced that they would be expanding The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. The expansion was described as "significant" by officials; however, no further details were released at the time.[36][37] The announcement came just four days after Universal Studios Florida announced the closure of the park's Jaws attraction and surrounding Amity area on January 2, 2012.[38] On January 25, 2012, the Los Angeles Times stated that the site of the former Jaws attraction would be used for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter expansion. These attractions would be complemented by a replica of the Hogwarts Express to move guests between the two parks.[39] Demolition of the Jaws attraction and the Amity area began almost immediately after their closure.[40][41] After the site was leveled, work began on land reclamation in the area's former lagoon, as well as construction of a series of buildings including a large show building.[42][43][44]
Further details about the expansion of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter were announced on May 8, 2013. Officials confirmed that the expansion would be set predominantly in the adjacent Universal Studios Florida theme park, and would feature attractions themed after Diagon Alley and London. The rumored Hogwarts Express connection between the two parks was also confirmed. Officials stated the expansion should open in 2014.[45][46][47][48]
On January 23, 2014, officials announced the name of the flagship attraction would be Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts. They also indicated that a two-park pass would be necessary to ride the Hogwarts Express, which was set to connect Universal Studios Florida with the existing Harry Potter attraction at Universal's Islands of Adventure.[49][50][51]
The official opening date of the Diagon Alley phase was announced at an exclusive and private press conference on June 17, 2014, for July 8, 2014. On June 18, 2014, the Diagon Alley red carpet premiere took place with Domhnall Gleeson, Bonnie Wright, Evanna Lynch, Matthew Lewis, James and Oliver Phelps, Tom Felton, Robbie Coltrane, Warwick Davis and Helena Bonham Carter attending. New photos of Diagon Alley were later released the same night and the official opening date was announced publicly by Universal Orlando's president, Bill Davis.[52] King's Cross station opened on July 1, 2014, as well as the Hogwarts Express Hogsmeade Station at Islands of Adventure and soft openings of Diagon Alley began on July 3, 2014.[5] Diagon Alley officially opened on July 8, 2014.[6][7][8]
Rides[edit]
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter has four rides. Three rides opened in 2010 as part of phase one. An additional two rides opened with phase two in 2014.
Entrance of Dragon Challenge, which has since been closed.
Dragon Challenge was a roller coaster featuring two distinct tracks built to overlap and intertwine with each other. The ride was formerly in operation since the park's 1999 opening under the name Dueling Dragons. The physical coaster is exactly the same, with some new decor.[53] The attraction was renamed in homage to the first task of the Triwizard Tournament where Harry and the other contestants are each to duel with a dragon, depicted in chapter 20 of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.[54] The two sides of the coaster have been renamed "Hungarian Horntail" and "Chinese Fireball",[53] after two of the dragon breeds which appear in the book. It was the only chasing inverted roller coaster in the world. The queue for this ride features many Harry Potter relics, including the Goblet of Fire and the Triwizard Cup. In addition, the hike to the ride features the flying car featured in the second film, as well as Hagrid's hut. On July 24, 2017, Universal Orlando officials announced that Dragon Challenge would close after September 4, 2017 to make way for a new attraction based on the Harry Potter franchise that is scheduled to open in 2019.[55][56][57]
Hogwarts Castle exterior of Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey as seen from the Herbology greenhouse queue
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a new attraction inside the replica of Hogwarts Castle, simulating a tour of the castle and its surrounding grounds. Visitors initially walk through the castle, interacting with various characters and props from the Potter series,[58] including a speech from Dumbledore, and directions from Harry, Hermione and Ron, before boarding a "magical bench" (controlled with a KUKA robotic arm system[59]). Throughout the ride, guests are taken around the outside of the castle, using a combination of simulated flight as well as encountering realistic animatronic versions of the Whomping Willow, a horde of dementors, giant spiders, the Hungarian Horntail Dragon, and a Quidditch match.[60]
Flight of the Hippogriff is a steel roller coaster designed for families, located adjacent to Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey. The ride opened in 2000 as the Flying Unicorn.[61] Similar to the Dragon Challenge, this ride was re-themed prior to the opening of the Wizarding World. The roller coaster's back-story is that Hogwarts's Care of Magical Creatures professor, Hagrid, is teaching young wizards to fly on a hippogriff (as Harry does in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban) by using a wicker replica of the creature. A recreation of Hagrid's Hut is passed on the way for a lesson from Hagrid himself on how to properly approach a hippogriff.[62][63]
Gringotts Bank, which houses Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
Diagon Alley's flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts, 3-D motion-based steel roller coaster dark ride based around Gringotts Bank, the wizarding bank in Diagon Alley.[64] Riders enter the bank into the queue area where Bogrod greets visitors and instructs them to continue past him to travel deep into the vaults of the bank to open an account. Unlike Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, this ride is hosted by Bill Weasley, played by Domhnall Gleeson, reprising his role from Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2.
A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for the Diagon Alley expansion, connecting King's Cross Station at Universal Studios to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,[45][65] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.[66] The Hogwarts Express King's Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can "walk through" to get to Platform 9¾, like in the first film.
Dining, shopping, and other attractions[edit]
Inside Ollivanders wand shop
Other than the main rides, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is also home to gift shops, restaurants and other tourist attractions. Several of these are recreations of locations in the Harry Potter books while others have been created specifically for the park. A recreation of Hogsmeade is housed at Islands of Adventure while a recreation of Diagon Alley is housed at Universal Studios Florida.
In the book series, Ollivanders wand shop is located in Diagon Alley, not Hogsmeade; however, installations of the shop are present in both areas of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. The Hogsmeade attraction recreated the shop as "Ollivanders", portraying it as a branch of the original where Harry purchases his wand in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (known in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone). Unlike other shops in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, visitors are admitted in groups of 20 to experience the premise from the Potter series, that "the wand chooses the wizard". Similar to the first film, the wand keeper and a selected guest test a variety of wands until the right one is found. Effects include flowers drying out or a thunderstorm erupting inside the shop. After experiencing the attraction, souvenir wands can be purchased.[67]
Hogsmeade[edit]
A recreation of the Hogwarts Express locomotive greets guests when entering Hogsmeade
A recreation of the Hogwarts Express lies at the entry to Hogsmeade. The recreation features "billowing steam and an iconic whistle" and is accompanied by the conductor of the train. In the Harry Potter series the Hogwarts Express is the train used to transport students from London to Hogwarts. The "Owl Post" is a working post office (where postcards and letters will be delivered with an authentic Hogsmeade postmark) that also sells stationery, writing implements, stamps, and owl-related gifts.
Hogsmeade village as seen from Flight of the Hippogriff
"The Three Broomsticks", based on the inn and pub from the Harry Potter series, offers a variety of food and beverage items from the Harry Potter universe, including Butterbeer, pumpkin juice, strawberry-peanut butter ice cream (as seen in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), and chocolate Cauldron Cakes, in addition to a menu composed of traditional British fare (Shepherd's pie, fish and chips, etc.). The pub features many hidden references to the book, namely house elves and ghosts that roam the rafters.[68][69] Butterbeer, which can be purchased with a souvenir mug, is offered as a non-alcoholic beverage and comes in both regular and frozen forms, found at the beginning of Hogsmeade fresh off the tap from the butterbeer cart. Similarly, The Hog's Head is based on the pub from the Harry Potter series owned by Aberforth Dumbledore.[68][69] Honeydukes is a sweet shop, based on Honeydukes Sweetshop in the Harry Potter series. The shop sells many items from the Harry Potter universe including Chocolate Frogs, Acid Pops, exploding bonbons, Cauldron Cakes, treacle fudge, Fizzing Whizzbees, Pepper Imps, and Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Beans.[70]
Various Harry Potter merchandise items can be purchased from two different gift shops in Hogsmeade. Dervish and Banges is a store selling magical items, as well as Quidditch supplies, Hogwarts clothing, and other merchandise. The store is based on Dervish and Banges in the Harry Potter series.[71] The second shop is Filch's Emporium of Confiscated Goods. It is a general gift shop (named for Hogwarts caretaker Argus Filch) offering Hogwarts souvenirs (such as clothing and stationery), replicas of props from the Harry Potter films, and other toys and souvenirs. The shop is at the exit to Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, and is where guests can obtain photos of their ride experience.[72]
Diagon Alley[edit]
Stairway located between the Magical Menagerie and Gringotts Bank
Live attractions at Diagon Alley include the Knight Bus interactive show at the London waterfront; "The Fountain of Fair Fortune" and "The Tale of The Three Brothers," which are puppet shows enacting stories from The Tales of Beedle the Bard; and live performances from musical group Celestina Warbeck and the Banshees (mentioned briefly by Molly Weasley in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets).
Gringotts Money Exchange is able to exchange American currency for Wizarding bank notes. Diagon Alley features The Leaky Cauldron restaurant,[47] The Hopping Pot, and Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlour, which specializes in Butterbeer-flavored ice cream.[65] The Fountain of Fair Fortune is also a bar. Ollivander's Wand Shop sells interactive wands that activate features all around Diagon Alley, Quality Quidditch Supplies, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes joke shop, Magical Menagerie, Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions, Wiseacre's Wizarding Equipment. Borgin and Burkes is the only shop located in Knockturn Alley.
Reception[edit]
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter was well received by Harry Potter fans. Matt Blum of Wired stated "every detail is finely crafted to enhance the experience".[73] An Orlando Sentinel article stated "muggles will love their Harry Potter adventure" but identifies the need for the park to offer Universal Express Passes due to large crowds. It also stated Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a truly one-of-a-kind experience that cannot easily be described.[74] Lisa Minot, from The Sun, stated "after a sneak peek, I can say it is the most faithful recreation of JK Rowling's books and movies ever seen. Fans will be in heaven."[75] Leigh Caldwell from Traveling Mamas noted that although The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is ideal for the whole family, it's not designed for anyone under 3 years old." She went on to consolidate others' comments about the area: "there is no doubt that fans of the Harry Potter books and movies are going to enjoy the heck out of a visit to the Wizarding World".[76] Boris Johnson, Mayor of London, criticized the fact that the park was chosen to be in Orlando, rather than in London, stating that it was "utterly mad" to leave it to the Americans "to make money from a great British invention."[77]
See also[edit]
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Japan)
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Hollywood)
Warner Bros. Studio Tour London, studio tour exhibiting original costumes, props and sets used in all eight films, including the Great Hall, and Diagon Alley, as well as the creation process employed in the filming.
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^ Jump up to: a b MacDonald, Brady (May 9, 2013). "What may come to Wizarding World of Harry Potter 2.0 at Universal Orlando". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Doppelmayr/Garaventa built the Hogwarts Express" (Press release). Doppelmayr Garaventa Group. July 25, 2014. Archived from the original on September 6, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ollivanders shop at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure". Universal Orlando. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Three Broomsticks restaurant at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure". Universal Orlando. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Tasty-pasty World of Harry Potter". Muggle Net. Archived from the original on April 1, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Honeydukes shop at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure". Universal Orlando. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Dervish and Banges shop at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure". Universal Orlando. Archived from the original on June 21, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Filch's Emporium of Confiscated Goods shop at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure". Universal Orlando. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Blum, Matt (August 12, 2010). "Review: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter Will Stupefy Fans". Wired. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Muggles will love their Harry Potter adventure". Orlando Sentinel. August 9, 2010. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Minot, Lisa (May 21, 2010). "First review of U.S. Potter park". The Sun. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Caldwell, Leigh. "Wizarding World of Harry Potter is not for the little ones (and that's just fine)". Travelling Mamas. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Mulholland, Hélène (June 7, 2010). "Boris Johnson urges Harry Potter fans to lobby JK Rowling for London theme park". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
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Coordinates: 28°28′22″N 81°28′24″W / 28.4728°N 81.4734°W / 28.4728; -81.4734
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Fire appliances in the United Kingdom
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A pump ladder from the London Fire Brigade
A steam pump truck in use in 1913, St Helens enabling fire-fighters to reach the burning clock tower. The limber for attaching to a horse team is visible stretching to the right.
Fire appliances (also known as fire engines or fire tenders) used by the fire service in the United Kingdom fit into several distinct categories and perform a wide range of general and specialised roles.
Modern day fire appliances are technologically advanced machines compared to the steam-powered water-pumping ones of a hundred years ago. The modern appliance is capable of carrying a multitude of equipment and firefighting media (such as water and foam) to deal with different types of emergencies ranging from fires, rescues, vehicle extrication, floods, salvage, casualty and trauma care.
The design and size of a fire appliance depends very much upon the role it is expected to perform. In general, most fire and rescue services use a standardised range of vehicles and equipment. However, airport fire services tend to use much larger and heavier appliances than those typically deployed by public fire services.
Common UK fire appliance manufacturers and suppliers include Dennis, Scania, Volvo, HCB Angus, JDC, EmergencyOne, Angloco and Carmichael. Most front line fire appliances in the UK are marked in high conspicuity red and yellow battenburg markings, and are fitted with blue lights and sirens. Many appliances have roller shutter doors revealing compartments housing various items of equipment.
Contents
[hide]
1 Public fire and rescue services
1.1 Water Tender Ladder / Pump Rescue Ladder / Rescue Ladder / Rescue Pump / Pump Ladder / Water Rescue Tender
1.2 Water Ladder / Water Tender
1.3 Hydraulic Platform
1.4 Turntable Ladder
1.5 Aerial Ladder Platform
1.6 Light Four-Wheel Drive Pump
1.7 Rescue Tender
1.8 Operational Support Unit
1.8.1 Breathing Apparatus Tender
1.8.2 HazMat / Scientific Support Unit / Decontamination Unit
1.9 Command Unit
1.10 Water Carrier
1.11 Foam Tender
1.12 Welfare Unit / mobile canteen
1.13 Fire Investigation Unit
1.14 New Dimension vehicles
1.15 High Volume Pumps
1.16 Motorcycles
2 Airport rescue and firefighting services
3 Ministry of Defence Fire Services
4 Industrial and private fire and rescue services
5 References
Public fire and rescue services[edit]
Public fire and rescue services are those operated by fire and rescue authorities, and funded by council tax. Most fire appliances used by them are referred to as "domestic" type appliances to differentiate them from larger airport crash tenders. They are normally based on truck chassis and weigh over 12 tonnes, meaning they require an LGV licence to be driven. Some brigades use slightly smaller appliances based on GVW of 7.5 tonnes, which do not require an LGV licence. They are common in rural brigades where narrow lanes and rough terrain would be difficult for a larger fire engine to negotiate.
Water Tender Ladder / Pump Rescue Ladder / Rescue Ladder / Rescue Pump / Pump Ladder / Water Rescue Tender[edit]
This is the sort of machine in use 100 years ago in the UK. It is steam powered and had to be dragged by horses or hand to the fire. Compare it to the modern machinery of today. Now confined to a museum as a display piece
The most common front line appliance deployed to all emergency calls goes by a variety of names, including Rescue Ladder, Pump Ladder, Water Rescue Tender, or slight variations on those names.
It is a general purpose unit capable of carrying and pumping water, carrying rescue and cutting equipment to deal with road traffic accidents and other rescue operations, a large ladder (for example 13.5m) and several smaller ladders and roof ladders.
The appliance also carries breathing apparatus, lighting, tools, trauma care packs, water rescue gear, lines (ropes), hoses, and possibly chemical protection suits and foam. The vehicle will be crewed by four to six firefighters.
Water Ladder / Water Tender[edit]
A Water Ladder or Water Tender is very similar to the aforementioned appliance, however with less emphasis on rescue gear and will usually carry a smaller ladder (for example 9m or 10.5m).
It is normally mobilised to augment and support the initial appliance or to respond to secondary, less urgent incidents. It is crewed by four to six firefighters.
Hydraulic Platform[edit]
An aerial appliance of the Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service
A Hydraulic Platform (HP) is a large appliance used for effecting rescue from high-rise structures.
It is essentially a large crane fitted with a caged platform which can be hoisted to heights well over 30m in some cases. The platform may be raised to windows or balconies to rescue stranded persons.
The appliance is also capable of pumping water and as such occasionally these units are also used to direct hose reel water jets into a fire from an elevated position.
Turntable Ladder[edit]
Turntable Ladder in Bristol
A Turntable Ladder (TL) is similar in appearance to a HP, however with a primary difference of instead of having a caged platform the TL is simply a large telescopic ladder, which can still be used to effect rescues from tall structures and pump water.
Aerial Ladder Platform[edit]
An Aerial Ladder Platform (ALP) is designed to deploy an elevated master stream of water, or to provide a method of rescuing trapped persons, the 'knuckle' design of the arm of an ALP means that it is very manoeuvrable for rescue situations. The ALP also has a set of ladders alongside the main boom that can be used for access or escape in the case of boom failure while at height. The ALP has become the most common type of aerial appliance found in the UK since its widespread introduction in the late 1980s.
Light Four-Wheel Drive Pump[edit]
Four-wheel drive unit used for 'line' rescue duties in Bristol
Light Four-Wheel Drive Pumps (L4P) are a smaller version of the front line fire engine. They are usually used in rural locations where they can more easily negotiate tough terrain, narrow streets or remote access to certain areas.
They ordinarily carry a condensed quota of the equipment usually found on a normal-sized fire engine.
Light Two-Wheel Drive Pumps (L2P) may also be used.
Rescue Tender[edit]
Rescue tender in Essex
A Rescue Tender (RT) is a generic term for any fire appliance which carries out a "heavy" or "specialist" rescue role.
The equipment it carries varies depending on where it is deployed. It may carry heavy-duty cutting equipment for use at road traffic collisions or other transport incidents.
Water rescue and confined space rescue gear may also feature, as well as extensive lighting equipment and pneumatic airbags to lift heavy loads.
Operational Support Unit[edit]
LFB operational support unit
An Operational Support Unit (OSU) is a multi-role vehicle.
The term is interchangeable with other support appliances such as HazMat and chemical support, breathing apparatus tenders, hose layers, damage control tenders or decontamination units.
An OSU carries equipment to support normal fire appliances and crews, typically at prolonged or major incidents.
Breathing Apparatus Tender[edit]
Breathing Apparatus Tenders (BAT) carry extensive stocks of spare breathing apparatus (BA) cylinders at large incidents. They replenish cylinders which may have been used by firefighters tackling a protracted blaze or dealing with Hazardous Materials.
Some BATs are also fitted with compressors which allow empty BA cylinders to be recharged on scene. Most also contain a mobile workshop so that BA sets can be repaired at the scene of incident so that they can be made available for use again at the incident within a very short period of time.
HazMat / Scientific Support Unit / Decontamination Unit[edit]
LFB scientific support unit
These are specialised units equipped to deal with Hazardous Materials incidents.
Decontamination Units carry specialised equipment capable of decontaminating emergency workers and/or members of the public who have come into contact with HazMats. The equipment carried is wide-ranging and highly technical in nature.
Command Unit[edit]
Avon's command unit
The advancement of technology and potential for very large-scale incidents has led to more fire services using or increasing their use of mobile Command Units.
A fundamental advantage of such an appliance is to accommodate the many different types of communication equipment needed at major incidents. In addition to the wide range of radio frequencies used, fire chiefs often need to communicate via landlines and send and receive information via satellite links and CCTV of the ongoing situation.
The command vehicle can essentially be used as an on-site conference centre for command personnel, mapping and planning firefighting operations and booking-in and directing crews as they arrive.
Water Carrier[edit]
Two water carriers
Water Carriers (WrC) are tankers that are used to provide vast volumes of water to locations that may not have a nearby hydrant or open water supply. In some Fire and Rescue Services they also double as Foam Tenders.
Foam Tender[edit]
Foam Tenders (FoT) carry large amounts of foam to be used at incidents where water is ineffective or cannot be used to tackle a blaze. They may take the form of a tanker, or a lorry carrying foam packets or barrels. In some Fire and Rescue Services, Water Carriers serve as Foam Tenders, by dumping their regular load of water and replacing it with foam.
Welfare Unit / mobile canteen[edit]
At large protracted incidents firefighters may be subjected to physically arduous work in inhospitable situations such as extreme heat. As such the welfare of firefighters is taken very seriously and ability to provide refreshments to sustain hydration and energy levels is paramount. This is where a Welfare Unit is mobilised. Welfare Units are sometimes nicknamed soup dragon as a principle fayre is soup. This nickname comes from a children's TV series called The Clangers.
Fire Investigation Unit[edit]
A London FIU
A Fire Investigation Unit (FIU) attends fires and incidents where the cause is thought to be suspicious, and is crewed by specially trained experts, acting in assistance to police investigations. It may take the form of a car or van.
Some brigades may also use specially trained search dogs. At the scene of incidents, the dog wears specialist protective 'fire wellies' on his or her paws to guard against injuries from broken glass or hot material. The dogs can detect minute quantities of hydrocarbon accelerants within minutes. This procedure would normally take a human investigator - using specialist equipment - much longer, before samples can be taken away for scientific analysis.
New Dimension vehicles[edit]
New Dimension vehicles of Avon Fire and Rescue Service
New Dimension vehicles are large curtain-side trucks designed to be deployed at incidents involving CBRN materials or for urban search and rescue (USAR) use at the scenes of natural or large-scale disasters.
They do not pump water, but instead carry vast quantities and stocks of mass decontamination equipment, scene lighting, chemical protection kits, environmental protection equipment and general purpose rescue equipment. They are always on standby to be deployed if local resources may be overwhelmed.
The New Dimension vehicles are owned by the government, rather than the fire and rescue service and are stationed at strategic locations throughout the UK.
High Volume Pumps[edit]
High Volume Pumps (HVP) are also part of the New Dimension scheme. They carry a submersible pump, supplying water from any open source to the fireground; a pump that pumps up to 8,000 litres per minute (twice as much as a standard fire engine); a hose box module; and ancillary equipment. This equipment is carried in a pod on the back of the vehicle, similar to goods on a flatbed truck. Because the vehicles are standard across the country, any HVP vehicle can carry any pod, irrespective of the Fire and Rescue Service the vehicle or pod is operated by. The pods are the same dimensions as the other New Dimension pods, so a vehicle that is used for HVP operations can carry an USAR pod.
They were used to great effect and in vast scale to assist operations at the Buncefield fire in Hertfordshire in 2005 and nationwide flooding in 2007.
Motorcycles[edit]
Fire bike with Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service
Main article: Motorcycles in the United Kingdom fire services
In July 2010, the Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service began a six-month trial of two fire bikes to be used to fight small fires, freeing up main appliances. Merseyside has also deployed other bikes for various uses since 2005. Several UK fire services use fire bikes not for firefighting, but as motorcycle road safety awareness tools.
Airport rescue and firefighting services[edit]
See also: Airport Rescue and Firefighting Services in the United Kingdom
Ministry of Defence Fire Services[edit]
The Defence Fire and Rescue Service and RAF Rescue & Firefighting Service operate numerous types of appliances, ranging from domestic-type tenders to airfield crash tenders, depending on the location they are serving.
Industrial and private fire and rescue services[edit]
Industrial and private fire and rescue services use several types of appliances depending on the type of cover provided. Large oil refineries may have their own on site Fire Service whom deploy large bulk foam tenders to deal with major oil fires. Domestic type fire appliances are most commonly used.
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fire engines of the United Kingdom.
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Fire services in the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies
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