text:
First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor
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Scholars have identified various events as being the first engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor. They disagree on which events led to formal entry of the United States into the conflict.
Contents
[hide]
1 Attacks on Americans
2 Attacks by the U.S. military
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Attacks on Americans[edit]
On 31 August 1937 In a friendly fire incident Chinese warplanes accidentally attack SS President Hoover killing Mess Steward S. Haskell[1] and wounding 1 crewman and six passengers.[2]
On 30 November 1937 the American tugboat Felting at the French concession at Shanghai is seized by the Japanese; the U.S. Flag is thrown overboard and a wooden plaque on the ships origin is torn off and used to strike a Chinese crewman; the tug was "returned" 1 December 1937.[3]
On 12 December 1937 the attack on the United States gunboat USS Panay by Japanese forces in China (usually referred to as the Panay incident) could be considered as the first hostile American action during World War II. Two U.S. Navy crewmen and two civilians were killed; 43 Navy crewmen and five civilians were wounded. Although the war was not officially declared in Europe until Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, Japan had been involved in military actions against China since 1931.
On 26 January 1938, in what was known as the Allison incident, John M. Allison, at the time consul at the American embassy in Nanking, was struck in the face by a Japanese soldier. Even though the Japanese apologized formally on 30 January (after the Americans demanded they do so), this incident, together with the looting of American property in Nanking that took place at the same time, further strained relations between Japan and the United States, which had already been damaged by the Panay incident less than two months earlier.
On 3 September 1939 SS Athenia was the first British liner to be torpedoed and sunk after Britain declared war on Germany, by U-30. Total casualties were 112, including 28 US citizens.[4]
On 21 April 1940 the first American military death in the European Theatre occurred during the German invasion of Norway.[5] Military attaché Captain Robert M. Losey was killed during a German bombardment of Dombås while assisting with the evacuation of U.S. embassy personnel and others to Sweden.[5]
On 4 September 1941 during the "Greer Incident" the destroyer USS Greer was fired upon with torpedoes by U-652.
On 18 October 1941 HMS Broadwater is sunk by U-101. Among the fatalities is Lt John Stanley Parker RNVR an American [6]
Either the casualties inflicted on USS Kearny by U-568 on 17 October 1941 (11 KIA)[7] or the sinking of the USS Reuben James by U-552 on 31 October 1941, (115 KIA)[8] might be considered the first American naval losses of World War II. The United States was neither officially involved in the war at the time nor did the incidents cause them to declare war.
Attacks by the U.S. military[edit]
The first American hostile action against Axis forces was on 10 April 1941, when the destroyer USS Niblack attacked a German U-boat that had just sunk a Dutch freighter. USS Niblack was picking up survivors of the freighter when it detected a U-boat preparing to attack. The Niblack attacked with depth charges and drove off the U-boat. There were no casualties on board USS Niblack or the U-boat. By coincidence, USS Niblack was later in the same convoy as USS Reuben James when that ship was sunk, and picked up survivors from USS Reuben James.
The first American hostile action against Axis forces that resulted in physical destruction was on 14 September 1941, when USCGC Northland destroyed a German weather station in northeast Greenland. The action was based on an agreement with Danish Ambassador to the United States Henrik Kauffmann in April 1941 to patrol the Danish island.[9]
The first American-caused casualties occurred on 7 December 1941 when the USS Ward attacked and sank a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor prior to the commencement of the Japanese air attack upon Hawaii later that day. As a result of the attack on Hawaii, America declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later.
The first planned offensive action by the United States in World War II came in January 1942 when the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise attacked Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands.
See also[edit]
SS Robin Moor
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reading Eagle August 31, 1937
Jump up ^ The Wreck of the SS President Hoover
Jump up ^ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette December 1, 1937 page 4
Jump up ^ Uboat Athenia list
^ Jump up to: a b J. Michael Cleverley, "'The First American Official Killed In This War'" Archived 13 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine., Foreign Service Journal, December 2003 at 66.
Jump up ^ CWGC Record
Jump up ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Kearny". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.
Jump up ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Reuben James". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.
Jump up ^ "The First Blow". Life. 1942-08-24. p. 63. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
External links[edit]
USS Niblack site
USS Ward, Report of Pearl Harbor Attack Naval History & Heritage Command
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Navy bean
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the Tracy Bonham song, see Navy Bean (song).
Navy Bean
Species
Phaseolus vulgaris
Navy beans being served at the Navy Memorial
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy
1,468 kJ (351 kcal)
Carbohydrates
60.75 g
Sugars
3.88 g
Dietary fiber
24.4 g
Fat
1.5 g
Protein
22.33 g
Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
The navy bean, haricot, pearl haricot bean,[1] boston bean,[2] white pea bean,[3] or pea bean,[4] is a variety of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) native to the Americas, where it was domesticated.[5] It is a small, dry white bean which is smaller than many other types of white beans, and has an oval, slightly flattened shape.[1] It features in such dishes as baked beans,[1] and even pies, as well as in various soups such as Senate bean soup.[6] Unlike most canned vegetables, which lose much of their nutritive value in the canning process,[better source needed] navy beans maintain their nutritive value when canned.[7]
The green bean plants[2] that produce navy beans may be either of the bush type or vining type, depending on which cultivar they are.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Cultivars
3 Other white beans
4 Nutritional value
5 Storage and safety
6 References
History[edit]
The name "Navy bean" is an American term coined because the US Navy has served the beans as a staple to its sailors since the mid-1800s.[9]
In Australia, navy bean production began during World War II when it became necessary to find an economical way of supplying a nutritious food to the many troops - especially American troops - based in Queensland. The United States military maintained a large base in Kingaroy and had many bases and camps throughout south-east Queensland. It actively encouraged the widespread planting of the beans.[10] Kingaroy is known as the Baked Bean Capital of Australia.[11] Another popular name for the bean during this time was "the Yankee bean".[12]
Cultivars[edit]
Navy bean cultivars include:
'Rainy River',[13]
'Robust', resistant to the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV),[14] which is transmitted through seeds[13]
Michelite, descended from 'Robust', but with higher yields and better seed quality[13]
Sanilac, the first bush navy bean cultivar[13]
Other white beans[edit]
Other white beans include:
Cannellini (or fazolia,[2]), a variety popular in central and southern Italy, but was first developed in Argentina.[2] They are larger than navy beans, related to the kidney bean and, like the kidney bean, has higher levels of the toxic lectin phytohaemagglutinin.[citation needed] They are used in minestrone soups.[2]
'Great northern', also called "large white" beans are also larger than navy beans but smaller than cannellini beans, with a flattened shape similar to lima beans. They have a delicate flavour.[citation needed]
The large white beans known in Greece as gígantes (Greek: γίγαντες, giants) and eléfantes (ελέφαντες, elephants) are from the runner bean, Phaseolus coccineus.
Nutritional value[edit]
White beans are the most abundant plant-based source of phosphatidylserine (PS) yet known.[15] It contains notably high levels of apigenin, 6993452000000000000♠452±192 μg/kg, which vary widely among legumes.[16]
Consumption of baked beans has been shown to lower total cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.[17][18] This might be at least partly explained by high saponin content of navy bean. Saponins also exhibit antibacterial and anti-fungal activity, and have been found to inhibit cancer cell growth.[19] Furthermore, navy bean is the richest source of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid among the common bean varieties.[20]
Storage and safety[edit]
Dried and canned beans stay fresh longer by storing them in a pantry or other cool, dark place under 75 °F (24 °C). With normal seed storage, seeds should last from one to four years for replanting, with a very large timetable for cooking for well-kept seeds, nearing on indefinite. Avoid beans which are discolored from the pure white color of these beans, as they may have been poorly handled while they dried.[21]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Beans, White Pearl Haricot, Dried, per kilo". kirkfood.com.au. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Anne Willan La Varenne Pratique: Part 3, Vegetables, Pasta & Grains (2013), p. 205, at Google Books
Jump up ^ "Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)". Pulse Canada. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pea bean". The American Heritage Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
Jump up ^ Paul Gepts (December 1998). "Origin and evolution of common bean: past events and recent trends". HortScience. 33 (7): 1124–1130.
Jump up ^ [senate.gov/reference/reference_item/bean_soup.htm Senate Bean Soup]
Jump up ^ http://www.tarladalal.com/glossary-haricot-beans-708i
Jump up ^ Mark Goodwin (2003). "Crop Profile for Dry Beans" (PDF). Pulse Canada. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "History". Bean Growers Australia. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
Jump up ^ "History". Bean Growers Australia. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
Jump up ^ "History". Bean Growers Australia. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
Jump up ^ "History". Bean Growers Australia. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c d James D. Kelly. "One Hundred Years of Bean Breeding at Michigan State University: A Chronology" (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, H.F.; Corrales, M.A.P. (1989). Bean Production Problems in the Tropics. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). ISBN 9789589183045.
Jump up ^ Souci SW, Fachmann E, Kraut H (2008). Food Composition and Nutrition Tables. Medpharm Scientific Publishers Stuttgart.
Jump up ^ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00217-013-1914-0#page-2
Jump up ^ Susan M. Shutler, Gemma M. Bircher, Jacki A. Tredger, Linda M. Morgan, Ann F. Whine Rand and A. G. LOW (1989). The effect of daily baked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption on the plasma lipid levels of young, normo-cholesterolaemic men. British Journal of Nutrition, 61, pp. 257–265 doi:10.1079/BJN19890114.
Jump up ^ Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins. Baked bean consumption reduces serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 1 July 2007 (volume 27 issue 7 pp. 380–386 doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.017).
Jump up ^ John Shi, Sophia Jun Xue, Ying Mab, Dong Li, Yukio Kakuda, Yubin Lan. Kinetic study of saponins B stability in navy beans under different processing conditions. Journal of Food Engineering 93 (2009) 59–65.
Jump up ^ Devanand L. Luthria, Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales. Phenolic acids content of fifteen dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19 (2006) 205–211.
Jump up ^ "How Long Do Beans Last?". Retrieved 23 November 2014.
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Peggy Sue Got Married
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the film. For the Buddy Holly song, see Peggy Sue Got Married (song). For the musical, see Peggy Sue Got Married (musical).
Peggy Sue Got Married
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Francis Ford Coppola
Produced by
Paul R. Gurian
Written by
Jerry Leichtling
Arlene Sarner
Starring
Kathleen Turner
Nicolas Cage
Barry Miller
Catherine Hicks
Music by
John Barry
Cinematography
Jordan Cronenweth
Edited by
Barry Malkin
Production
company
American Zoetrope
Rastar
Distributed by
TriStar Pictures
Release date
October 10, 1986 (1986-10-10)
Running time
103 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$18 million
Box office
$41,382,841
Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce, who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960. The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner.
The film was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Actress (Turner), Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design. In addition, Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Release and reception
4 Musical adaptation
5 Goodbye Mr. Loser
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Peggy Sue Bodell sets off for her 25-year high school reunion in 1985 with her daughter, Beth, as company. Peggy has just separated from her high school sweetheart, now husband, Charlie, and is wary of attending the reunion because of everyone questioning her about his absence as they have been married since Peggy became pregnant right after graduation.
She arrives at the reunion and is happy to reconnect with her old best friends, Maddy and Carol. Charlie unexpectedly arrives at the reunion, causing an awkward scene with Peggy ignoring him. The awkwardness is ended when the event MC announces the reunion’s "king and queen." The king is Richard Norvik, a former class geek turned billionaire inventor. Peggy is named the queen and walks on stage, but after they wheel out the reunion cake, she faints.
When Peggy awakes, she finds herself back in the spring of 1960, her senior year of high school, after she passed out after donating blood in the school gym (where the reunion was). She finds all of her friends that she just left to also be their teenage selves, not just her. Still in shock, she allows herself to be taken home while she sees her surroundings are the way they were 25 years before. After a rough first night, she decides to have fun with the experience and behave as if everything is normal. However, when given the chance to break up with Charlie, she thinks it might be best since she knows how it will end.
Peggy makes friends with Richard Norvik, the class geek (and future billionaire), to figure out what is going on with her. Charlie gets jealous when she ignores him at lunch and makes arrangements to meet Richard after school to discuss time travel with him. When she tells him her secret, at first he thinks it is a joke. But, what she said about him and the world would come from someone who had knowledge about the future. Peggy has decided to break up with Charlie'; she is the only one who wants that.
One night after a party, Peggy decides to sleep with Charlie. He then flips out and reminds her that she had rebuffed him the weekend before and therefore believes she is playing games, then drives her home. Instead of going inside, she takes a walk and ends up at an all-night cafe. As she walks by, she sees Michael Fitzsimmons — the artsy loner in school she always wished she’d slept with - and goes in to talk to him. After finding out they have more in common than originally thought, they ride off on his motorcycle. In a field, they smoke weed and find out more about one another. When he asks if she is going to marry Charlie, she responds that she already did that and will not do it again. After he recites some of his poetry for her, they have sex.
Michael reveals that he wants her to go with him and another woman to Utah (where polygamy is legal) so they can marry and support him while he writes. After his revelation, she tells him he should go and to write about their night together. In the middle of their conversation, she hears a voice she recognizes singing. When she looks at the stage, she sees that it is Charlie and realizes that she did not know everything about him. Michael is upset, thinking that she declined his offer for Charlie and is ready to go. After they leave, Charlie is auditioning for a music agent and is rejected. The next day when Peggy goes to talk to Charlie, he lashes out at her and she gives him a song she "wrote" for him (which ends up being "She Loves You", by The Beatles). She then goes to Richard to say goodbye, saying she wants to stop messing up her life and everyone else's since the reason Charlie stopped singing was her becoming pregnant right before they graduated. Richard proposes, but she refuses because she does not want to marry anyone and he has to be valedictorian. Confused, she visits her grandparents for her birthday. After her grandparents tell her that her grandmother can see the future, she tells them her story. Her grandfather and his lodge friends then try a strange séance ritual to send her back to 1985.
Peggy is then kidnapped by Charlie, leaving everyone at the Lodge thinking that the ritual worked. He tells her that he told his dad that he gave up singing and was given 10% of the business so he can support her. He then proposes and gives her the locket she wore at the beginning of the film. When she looks inside, she sees baby pictures of her and Charlie, which resemble their children. Peggy sees how much he loves her and how much she loves him, and they kiss. They begin to make love, which would again lead to Peggy getting pregnant and marrying him. In the next moment, Peggy is transported back to 1985.
Peggy awakes in a hospital, with Charlie at her side. He is deeply regretful of his adultery and tells Peggy he wants her back. When she questions him about Janet, he swears it is over. It seems there is hope for a reconciling when Peggy looks at Charlie with new eyes and (citing a reference from her grandfather who claimed that her grandmother's strudel kept the family together) says, "I'd like to invite you over to your house for dinner on Sunday with your kids. I'll make a strudel."
Cast[edit]
Kathleen Turner as Peggy Sue Bodell
Nicolas Cage as Charlie Bodell
Barry Miller as Richard Norvik
Catherine Hicks as Carol Heath
Joan Allen as Maddy Nagle
Kevin J. O'Connor as Michael Fitzsimmons
Jim Carrey as Walter Getz
Lisa Jane Persky as Delores Dodge
Lucinda Jenney as Rosalie Testa
Wil Shriner as Arthur Nagle
Barbara Harris as Evelyn Kelcher
Don Murray as Jack Kelcher
Sofia Coppola as Nancy Kelcher
John Carradine as Leo
Maureen O'Sullivan as Elizabeth Alvorg
Leon Ames as Barney Alvorg
Helen Hunt as Beth Bodell
Glenn Withrow as Terry
Marshall Crenshaw as Musician at the reunion[2]
Debra Winger was originally signed to play Peggy Sue but was forced to back out just before production began due to a back injury suffered in a bicycle accident.
Release and reception[edit]
Peggy Sue Got Married gained a positive reaction from critics, as it currently holds an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 26 reviews.
The film opened with $6,942,408 and ended up grossing $41,382,841 in the U.S. It was the first box-office success for Coppola since Apocalypse Now.[3]
Kathleen Turner won the 1986 award for Best Actress from the U.S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures.[4] The film ranked number 17 on Entertainment Weekly's list of "50 Best High School Movies".[5]
This film appeared on Siskel and Ebert's best of 1986 lists.[6]
American Film Institute lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated[7]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Fantasy Film[8]
Musical adaptation[edit]
Main article: Peggy Sue Got Married (musical)
The film was adapted by Leichtling and Sarner into a full-length musical theater production which opened in London's West End theatre district in 2001. Despite receiving solid reviews[9] and a several million pound advance, 9/11 forced the show to close early.
Goodbye Mr. Loser[edit]
The 2015 Chinese comedy film Goodbye Mr. Loser has been criticized for its similarities in plot with Peggy Sue Got Married. Two weeks after its premiere, Chinese netizens started posting articles online comparing similar plot elements of the film with those from the 1986 American film.[10] The directors of Goodbye Mr. Loser have denied the allegations of plagiarism with a statement claiming that their film is an adaptation of a theater play which was inspired by a post on a Chinese Internet forum in 2010.[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "PEGGY SUE GOT MARRIED (15)". British Board of Film Classification. September 29, 1986. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jim Catalano (1995). "Interview: Marshall Crenshaw". steamiron.com. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
Jump up ^ "''Peggy Sue Got Married'' at Box Office Mojo". Boxofficemojo.com. 1986-12-30. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Jump up ^ "1986 Award Winners". National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Entertainment Weekly's 50 Best High School Movies". Ew.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Siskel and Ebert Top Ten Lists (1969-1998)". Innermind.com. 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-05-14.
Jump up ^ American Film Institute. "AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot" (PDF). Afi.com. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Peggy Sue Got Married - the Musical, a CurtainUp review". Curtainup.com. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Jump up ^ "《夏洛特烦恼》遭遇真烦恼 被指抄袭《教父》导演旧作" (in Chinese). China National Radio. October 17, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Creators of 'Goodbye Mr. Loser' denies plagiarism claim". China.org.cn. October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Peggy Sue Got Married
Peggy Sue Got Married on IMDb
Peggy Sue Got Married at Box Office Mojo
Peggy Sue Got Married at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
v
t
e
Francis Ford Coppola
Films
directed
The Bellboy and the Playgirls (1962)
Tonight for Sure (1962)
Battle Beyond the Sun (1962)
Dementia 13 (1963)
You're a Big Boy Now (1966)
Finian's Rainbow (1968)
The Rain People (1969)
The Godfather (1972)
The Conversation (1974)
The Godfather Part II (1974)
Apocalypse Now (1979; Redux, 2001)
One from the Heart (1982)
The Outsiders (1983)
Rumble Fish (1983)
The Cotton Club (1984)
Captain EO (1986)
Peggy Sue Got Married (1986)
Gardens of Stone (1987)
Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988)
New York Stories (segment "Life Without Zoë", 1989)
The Godfather Part III (1990)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
Jack (1996)
The Rainmaker (1997)
Youth Without Youth (2007)
Tetro (2009)
Twixt (2011)
Written only
Is Paris Burning? (1966)
This Property Is Condemned (1966)
Patton (1970)
The Great Gatsby (1974)
Produced only
American Graffiti (1973)
The Junky's Christmas (1993)
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994)
Don Juan DeMarco (1995)
Lani Loa – The Passage (1998)
The Florentine (1999)
The Virgin Suicides (1999)
Enterprises
American Zoetrope
Zoetrope: All-Story
Rubicon Estate Winery
Francis Ford Coppola Presents
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peggy_Sue_Got_Married&oldid=801827847"
Categories:
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Films set in 1960
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Telephone numbers in the Philippines
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Philippines telephone numbers
Fixed-line area codes
Location
Country
Philippines
Continent
Asia
Type
open
Typical format
0X-XXXXXXX
0XX-XXXXXXX
09XX-XXXXXXX (mobile phones)
Access codes
Country calling code
+63
International call prefix
00
Trunk prefix
0
Telephone numbers in the Philippines follow an open telephone numbering plan and an open dial plan. Both plans are regulated by the National Telecommunications Commission, an attached agency under the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT).
The Philippines is assigned an international dialling code of 63 by ITU-T. Telephone numbers are fixed at seven digits, with area codes fixed at one, two, or three digits (a six-digit system was used until the mid-1990s; four to five digits were used in the countryside). Mobile phone numbers are always 10 digits (three digits for the service provider, plus a seven-digit number).
When making long-distance calls in the Philippines, the prefix 0 for domestic calls and 00 for international calls are used.
Contents
[hide]
1 Fixed-line area codes
1.1 Area 2 – National Capital Region, Rizal and Surroundings
1.2 Area 3 – Western Visayas, Negros Island Region and Central Visayas
1.3 Area 4 – Central Luzon, Calabarzon (except Rizal) and Mimaropa
1.4 Area 5 – Bicol Region and Eastern Visayas
1.5 Area 6 – Zamboanga Peninsula, ARMM and Northern Part of Soccsksargen
1.6 Area 7 – Northernmost part of Luzon (Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley and Cordillera Administrative Region)
1.7 Area 8 – Northern Mindanao, Davao Region, Caraga and Southern Part of Soccsksargen
1.8 List of fixed-line area codes
2 Mobile phone area codes
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Fixed-line area codes[edit]
Philippine area codes for fixed-line or landline telephones are fixed at two digits, excluding Metro Manila, the province of Rizal and the towns of Obando in Bulacan, Bacoor in Cavite and San Pedro, Laguna, which use the area code 2. Some smaller carriers concentrated within a specific geographic area may issue four- or five-digit area codes, but these are being phased out in favour of the standard two-digit area codes.
Occasionally, a particular area may change area codes. For example, the City of Bacoor in Cavite has been included in the geographical coverage area of area code 2 per the National Telecommunications Commission's Memorandum Order No. 08-09-2011, although almost all fixed-lines in the city still use the old 46 area code due to the poor compliance of PLDT and Globe to the said memorandum order. PLDT's response to the memorandum order is the release of its "Call All Manila SIM", an exclusive wireless landline service for Bacoor residents, however the Barangay Molino VII (Sitio Gawaran) and Sitio Malipay in Molino IV now used area code 2.
Sometimes area codes are shared by a number of local government entities to maximise their use. Some area codes are shared by multiple provinces, as is the case for former sub-provinces like Guimaras and Iloilo; newly carved provinces like Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur; or provinces with small populations like Marinduque and Quezon. In extreme cases, area codes are shared across an island like in Leyte and Samar, or even entire regions, such as with the Cordillera Administrative Region. In order to identify the call's point of origin, the three-digit telephone exchange prefix is checked.
Since the Philippines employs an open dial plan, telephone numbers dialled within a given area code do not require the area code, excluding calls made from mobile phones or pay phones. When dialling other area codes, the domestic long distance access prefix 0 is added, but when dialling from overseas, the domestic prefix is not included. As such, a typical telephone number in Metro Manila and Rizal would look like this:
Within Metro Manila, Rizal and municipalities of Obando, Bacoor and San Pedro: 1234567
Outside Metro Manila, Rizal and municipalities of Obando, Bacoor and San Pedro: 02-1234567
Overseas calls: +63-2-1234567
Areas are grouped into seven broad areas determining the first digit of a given area code. These areas and their accompanying area codes are listed below:
Area 2 – National Capital Region, Rizal and Surroundings[edit]
2: Metro Manila, Rizal, Bulacan (Obando), Cavite (Bacoor), Laguna (San Pedro)
Area 3 – Western Visayas, Negros Island Region and Central Visayas[edit]
32: Cebu
33: Iloilo, Guimaras
34: Negros Occidental
35: Negros Oriental, Siquijor
36: Aklan, Antique, Capiz
38: Bohol
Area 4 – Central Luzon, Calabarzon (except Rizal) and Mimaropa[edit]
42: Aurora, Marinduque, Quezon, Romblon
43: Batangas, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro
44: Bulacan (except Obando), Nueva Ecija
45: Pampanga, Tarlac
46: Cavite (except Bacoor)
47: Bataan, Zambales
48: Palawan
49: Laguna (except San Pedro)
Area 5 – Bicol Region and Eastern Visayas[edit]
52: Albay, Catanduanes
53: Biliran, Leyte, Southern Leyte
54: Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur
55: Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, Western Samar
56: Masbate, Sorsogon
Area 6 – Zamboanga Peninsula, ARMM and Northern Part of Soccsksargen[edit]
62: Basilan, Zamboanga del Sur (including Zamboanga City), Zamboanga Sibugay
63: Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur
64: Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat
65: Zamboanga del Norte
68: Sulu, Tawi-Tawi
Area 7 – Northernmost part of Luzon (Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley and Cordillera Administrative Region)[edit]
72: La Union
74: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province
75: Pangasinan
77: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur
78: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino
Area 8 – Northern Mindanao, Davao Region, Caraga and Southern Part of Soccsksargen[edit]
82: Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental
83: Sarangani, South Cotabato
84: Davao del Norte
85: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur
86: Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur
87: Compostela Valley, Davao Oriental
88: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental
List of fixed-line area codes[edit]
[show]Destination
Province
Area Code
Abangan Bulacan 4422
Abucay Bataan 47
Agoo La Union 72
Alaminos Pangasinan 75
Alcala Pangasinan 75
Alicia Isabela 78
Alimodian Iloilo 33
Alitagtag Batangas 43
Angat Bulacan 44
Angeles City Pampanga 45
Antique Antique 36
Apalit Pampanga 45
Aparri Cagayan Valley 78
Argao Cebu 32
Asingan Pangasinan 75
Atimonan Quezon 42
Aurora Isabela 78
Metro Bacolod (Silay; Talisay) Negros Occidental 34
Bacolor Pampanga 45
Bacoor Cavite 2, 46
Bagabag Nueva Vizcaya 78
Bago Negros Occidental 3461
Bagon-Taas Bukidnon 88
Baguio Benguet 74
Bais Negros Oriental 35
Balagtas Bulacan 44
Balamban Cebu 32
Balanga Bataan 47
Balayan Batangas 43
Baliuag Bulacan 44
Ballesteros Cagayan Valley 78
Balungao Pangasinan 75
Bamban Tarlac 45
Bambang Nueva Vizcaya 78
Banate Iloilo 33
Banaue Ifugao 74
Bangued Abra 74
Bani Pangasinan 75
Bantay Ilocos Sur 77
Basco Batanes 78
Basista Pangasinan 75
Batac Ilocos Norte 77
Batangas City Batangas 43
Bauan Batangas 43
Bauang La Union 72
Bautista Pangasinan 75
Bayambang Pangasinan 75
Bayawan Negros Oriental 35
Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya 78
Bayugan Agusan del Sur 85
Binakayan Cavite 46
Binalbagan Negros Occidental 34
Binalonan Pangasinan 75
Biñan Laguna 49
Binmaley Pangasinan 75
Bislig Surigao del Sur 8622
Boac Marinduque 42
Bocaue Bulacan 44
Bogo Cebu 32
Bolinao Pangasinan 75
Bontoc Mountain Province 74
Boracay Aklan 36
Bugallon Pangasinan 75
Buguey Cagayan Valley 78
Buhi Camarines Sur 54
Bula Camarines Sur 54
Bulacan Bulacan 44
Bulan Sorsogon 56
Bustos Bulacan 44
Butuan Agusan del Norte 85
Metro Cebu (Carcar; Danao; Lapu-Lapu; Mandaue; Naga; Talisay) Cebu 32
Cabadbaran Agusan del Norte 85
Cabagan Isabela 78
Cabanatuan Nueva Ecija 44
Cabarroguis Quirino 78
Cabatuan Isabela 78
Cabatuan Iloilo 33
Cabugao Ilocos Sur 77
Cabuyao Laguna 49
Cadiz Negros Occidental 34
Cagayan de Oro Misamis Oriental 88,8822
Calabanga Camarines Sur 54
Calamba City Laguna 49
Calamba Misamis Occidental 88
Calapan Mindoro Oriental 43
Calasiao Pangasinan 75
Calauag Quezon 42
Calbayog Western Samar 55
Calumpit Bulacan 44
Camalaniugan Cagayan Valley 78
Camalig Albay 52
Camiguin Camiguin 88
Camiling Tarlac 45
Candelaria Quezon 42
Candon Ilocos Sur 77
Canlubang Laguna 49
Canlubang Sugar Estate Laguna 49
Caoayan Ilocos Sur 77
Capas Tarlac 45
Carmona Cavite 46
Cauayan Isabela 78
Cavite Cavite 46
Cavite (Export Processing Zone Authority) Cavite 46
Clark Special Economic Zone Pampanga 45
Claveria Cagayan Valley 78
Concepcion Tarlac 45
Cotabato City Maguindanao 64
Cuenca Batangas 43
Currimao Ilocos Norte 77
Cuyapo Nueva Ecija 44
Daet Camarines Norte 54
Dagupan Pangasinan 75
Damilag Bukidnon 8853
Dipolog Zamboanga del Norte 65
Daraga Albay 52
Dasmariñas Cavite 46
Dasol Pangasinan 75
Davao Davao del Sur 82
Digos Davao del Sur 82
Dinaig Maguindanao 64
Dinalupihan Bataan 47
Dingras Ilocos Norte 77
Dipolog Zamboanga del Sur 65
Don Carlos Bukidnon 8851
Dumaguete Negros Oriental 35
Dumangas Iloilo 33
Echague Isabela 78
Enrile Cagayan Valley 78
Esclante Negros Occidental 34
Espiritu Ilocos Norte 77
Estancia Iloilo 3397
First Cavite Industrial Estate Cavite 46
Floridablanca Pampanga 4597
Galmuyod Ilocos Sur 77
Gapan Nueva Ecija 44
General Santos South Cotabato 83
Gingoog Misamis Oriental 8842
Gonzaga Cagayan Valley 78
Guagua Pampanga 45
Gubat Sorsogon 56
Guiginto Bulacan 44
Guimba Nueva Ecija 44
Gumaca Quezon 42/4244
Hagony Bulacan 44
Hermosa Bataan 47
Hinigaran Negros Occidental 34691
Iba Zambales 47
Ibaan Batangas 43
Ilagan Isabela 78
Iligan Lanao del Norte 63
Iloilo Iloilo 33
Imus Cavite 46
Indang Cavite 46
Infanta Quezon 4235
Ipil Zamboanga del Sur 62
Iriga Camarines Sur 54
Irosin Sorsogon 56
Isabela Negros Occidental 34
Isulan Sultan Kudarat 64
Jagna Bohol 38
Javalera Cavite 46
Jimenez Misamis Occidental 88
Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte 54
Kabankalan Negros Occidental 34
Kalibo Aklan 36
Kapatagan Lanao del Norte 63
Kawit Cavite 46
Kidapawan North Cotabato 6423
Koronadal South Cotabato 83
La Carlota Negros Occidental 34
La Castellana Negros Occidental 34
La Paz Iloilo 33
La Trinidad Benguet 74
Labo Camarines Norte 54
Labrador Pangasinan 75
Laguna International Industrial Park Laguna 49
Laguna Technopark Industry Laguna 49
Lal-lo Cagayan Valley 78
Laoag Ilocos Norte 77
Legaspi Albay 52/5221
Lemery Batangas 43
Libmanan Camarines Sur 5446
Libon Albay 52
Ligao Albay 52
Light Industry & Science Park of the Philippines Laguna 49
Liliw Laguna 49
Limay Bataan 47
Lingayen Pangasinan 75
Lipa Batangas 43
Lopez Quezon 42
Los Baños Laguna 49
Lubao Pampanga 45/4593
Lucban Quezon 42
Lucena Quezon 42
Luisiana Laguna 49
Luisita Industrial Park Tarlac 45
Lumban Laguna 49
Lutopan Cebu 32
Mabalacat Pampanga 45
Mabini Pangasinan 75
Macabebe Pampanga 45/4594
Mactan Cebu 32
Magarao Camarines Sur 54
Magsingal Ilocos Sur 77
Majayjay Laguna 49
Malasiqui Pangasinan 75
Malaybalay Bukidnon 88
Mallig Isabela 78
Malolos Bulacan 44
Mambajao Camiguin 88
Mamburao Mindoro Occidental 43
Mambusao Capiz 36
Manaoag Pangasinan 75
Manapla Negros Occidental 34
Mangagoy Surigao del Sur 8622
Mangaldan Pangasinan 75
Mangatarem Pangasinan 75
Mankayan Benguet 74
Marawi Lanao del Sur 63
Marcos Ilocos Norte 77
Marilao Bulacan 44
Mariveles (Bataan Export Processing Zone Authority) Bataan 47
Masatol Pampanga 45
Masbate Masbate 56
Masinloc Zambales 47
Mati Davao Oriental 87
Matina Davao del Sur 82
Mauban Quezon 4251
Mexico Pampanga 45
Meycauayan Bulacan 44
Miagao Iloilo 33
Midsayap North Cotabato 6422
Molave Zamboanga del Sur 62
Molino Cavite 46
Muñoz Nueva Ecija 44
Nabua Camarines Sur 54
Naga Camarines Sur 54
Nagcarlan Laguna 49
Naic Cavite 46
Narvacan Ilocos Sur 77
Nasipit Agusan del Norte 85
Nasugbu Batangas 43/4396
Naujan Mindoro Oriental 43
Norzagaray Bulacan 44
Noveleta Cavite 46
Oas Albay 52
Olongapo Zambales 47
Orani Bataan 47
Orion Bataan 47
Ormoc Leyte 53
Oroquieta Misamis Occidental 88
Ozamis Misamis Occidental 88
Padre Garcia Batangas 43
Pagadian Zamboanga del Sur 62
Pagbilao Quezon 42
Pagsanjan Laguna 49
Palo Leyte 53
Panabo Davao del Norte 84
Pandayan Bulacan 44
Pandi Bulacan 44
Paniqui Tarlac 45
Paoay Ilocos Norte 77
Passi Iloilo 33
Piddig Ilocos Norte 77
Pila Laguna 49
Pili Camarines Sur 54
Plaridel Bulacan 44
Plaridel Misamis Occidental 88344
Polangui Albay 52
Polomolok South Cotabato 83
Pontevedra Capiz 36
Pozorrubio Pangasinan 75
Prosperidad Agusan del Sur 85
Puerto Princesa Palawan 48
Pulilan Bulacan 44
Quezon Nueva Vizcaya 78
Rosales Pangasinan 75
Rosario Batangas 43
Rosario Cavite 46
Roxas Capiz 36
Roxas Isabela 78
Sagbat Batangas 43
Saint Francis Bulacan 4463
Samal Bataan 47
Samar Eastern Samar & Northern Samar 55
San Carlos Negros Occidental 34
San Carlos Pangasinan 75
San Fabian Pangasinan 75
San Fernando City La Union 72
San Fernando City Pampanga 45
San Ildefonso Ilocos Sur 77
San Jose Batangas 43
San Jose Mindoro Occidental 43
San Jose Nueva Ecija 44
San Juan Batangas 43
San Manuel Isabela 78
San Manuel Pangasinan 75
San Marcelino Zambales 4761
San Mateo Rizal 2
San Mateo Isabela 78
San Miguel Bulacan 44
San Miguel Isabela 78
San Narciso Zambales 4765
San Nicolas Ilocos Norte 77
San Nicolas Pangasinan 75
San Pablo City Laguna 49
San Pedro Laguna 2
San Quintin Pangasinan 75
San Rafael Bulacan 44
San Vicente Ilocos Sur 77
Sanchez-Mira Cagayan Valley 78
Santa Ilocos Sur 77
Santa Catalina Ilocos Sur 77
Santa Cruz Laguna 49
Santa Cruz Marinduque 42
Santa Cruz Zambales 47
Santa Lucia Ilocos Sur 77
Santa Maria Bulacan 44
Santa Maria Ilocos Sur 77
Santa Maria Pangasinan 75
Santa Rosa City Laguna 49
Santa Rosa Nueva Ecija 44
Santiago Isabela 78
Santo Domingo Ilocos Sur 77
Santo Tomas Pangasinan 75
Sara Iloilo 33
Sarangani South Cotabato 83
Sariaya Quezon 42
Sarrat Ilocos Norte 77
Sasa Davao del Sur 82
Silang Cavite 46
Sinait Ilocos Sur 77
Sipocot Camarines Sur 54
Sison Pangasinan 75
Solana Cagayan Valley 78
Solano Nueva Vizcaya 78
Solsona Ilocos Norte 77
Sorsogon Sorsogon 56
Sual Pangasinan 75
Subic Bay Freeport Zone Zambales 47
Sultan Kudarat Maguindanao 64
Surallah South Cotabato 83
Surigao Surigao del Norte 86
Taal Batangas 43
Tabaco Albay 52
Tabuk Kalinga 74
Tacloban Leyte 53
Tacurong Sultan Kudarat 64
Tagaytay Cavite 46
Tagbilaran Bohol 38
Tagoloan Misamis Oriental 88
Tagudin Ilocos Sur 77
Tagum Davao del Norte 84
Talavera Nueva Ecija 44
Talibon Bohol 38
Talisay Batangas 43
Tanauan Batangas 43
Tanauan Leyte 53
Tanay Rizal 2
Tangub Negros Occidental 34
Tanjay Negros Oriental 35
Tanza Cavite 46
Tarlac Tarlac 45
Tawi-Tawi Tawi-Tawi 68
Tayabas Quezon 42793
Taytay Rizal 2
Tayug Pangasinan 75
Tiaong Quezon 4264
Tiwi Albay 52
Toledo Cebu 32
Trece Martires Cavite 46
Tubod Lanao del Norte 63
Tuguegarao Cagayan Valley 78
Tumauini Isabela 78
Ubay Bohol 38
Umingan Pangasinan 75
Urbiztondo Pangasinan 75
Urdaneta Pangasinan 75
Valencia Bukidnon 88
Victoria Tarlac 45
Victorias Negros Occidental 34
Vigan Ilocos Sur 77
Villasis Pangasinan 75
Virac Catanduanes 52
Zamboanga City Zamboanga del Sur 62
Zapote Cavite 46
Mobile phone area codes[edit]
Mobile phone area codes are three digits long and always start with the number 9, although recently new area codes have been issued with 8 as the starting digit, particularly for VOIP phone numbers. However, the area code indicates the service provider and not necessarily a geographic region. Unlike fixed-line telephones, the long-distance telephone dialling format is always observed when using a mobile phone. Therefore, mobile phone numbers always have the format "+63 (xxx) xxx-xxxx" for international callers and "0(xxx) xxx-xxxx" for domestic callers.
Some of the first area codes to be assigned for mobile phones were 912 for Mobiline/Piltel, 915 for Islacom, 917 for Globe Telecom, 918 for Smart Communications, and 973 for Express Telecom.[1][2][3] As service began growing rapidly since the 1990s, new codes have been added to meet demand as existing codes have since been exhausted. Newer codes often come immediately after the last code exhausted, but this might not be the case if the next code is already in use. 965/966 are the latest codes (Feb 2018) and are used for Globe & TM.
Areas codes are grouped by provider with no single contiguous block of codes for a single provider. The companies and their respective area codes are listed below:
The list of prefixes is updated as of July 2017 [4]
Key:
"G": Globe Telecom
"SM": Smart Communications
"SU": Sun Cellular
"E": Express Telecom
"N": Next Mobile
"ABS": ABS-CBNmobile
"CP": Cherry Prepaid
First 2
digits
Third digit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
90
G G SM SM SM
91
SM G G G SM SM SM
92
SM SU SU SU G G SM SM SM
93
SU SU G G ABS/G SM SM SM
94
SU SU G SM SM SM SM
95
G G SM
96
G G
97
E E G G N N
98
SM
99
G CP/G G SM SM
See also[edit]
List of ZIP codes in the Philippines
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://networkprefix.blogspot.com
Jump up ^ http://techphil.altervista.org/2015/06/mobile
Jump up ^ http://philippinenumbers.techphil.net Archived 2017-05-10 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://typist.ph/5620/mobile-number-prefixes-2017/
ITU allocations list
External links[edit]
National Telecommunications Commission
Sorting Out the Philippine Phone System (RemitHome)
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