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Centrifugal pump
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Warman centrifugal pump in a coal preparation plant application
Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.[1] Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.
Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping; a centrifugal fan is commonly used to implement a vacuum cleaner. The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 How it works
2.1 Description by Euler
2.1.1 Euler's pump equation
2.1.2 Velocity Triangle
2.2 Efficiency factor
3 Vertical centrifugal pumps
4 Froth pumps
5 Multistage centrifugal pumps
6 Energy usage
7 Problems of centrifugal pumps
8 Centrifugal pumps for solids control
9 Magnetically coupled pumps
10 Priming
10.1 Self priming centrifugal pump
11 See also
12 References
13 Sources
14 External links
History[edit]
According to Reti, the first machine that could be characterized as a centrifugal pump was a mud lifting machine which appeared as early as 1475 in a treatise by the Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini.[2] True centrifugal pumps were not developed until the late 17th century, when Denis Papin built one using straight vanes. The curved vane was introduced by British inventor John Appold in 1851.
How it works[edit]
Cutaway view of centrifugal pump
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy in a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped diffuser, or scroll, section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increases the pressure.
Description by Euler[edit]
A consequence of Newton’s second law of mechanics is the conservation of the angular momentum (or the “moment of momentum”) which is of fundamental significance to all turbomachines. Accordingly, the change of the angular momentum is equal to the sum of the external moments. Angular momentums ρ×Q×r×cu at inlet and outlet, an external torque M and friction moments due to shear stresses Mτ are acting on an impeller or a diffuser.
Since no pressure forces are created on cylindrical surfaces in the circumferential direction, it is possible to write Eq. (1.10) as:[3]
ρ Q ( c 2 u . r 2 − c 1 u . r 1 ) = M + M τ {\displaystyle \rho Q(c_{2}u.r_{2}-c_{1}u.r_{1})=M+M_{\tau }} (1.13)
Euler's pump equation[edit]
Based on Eq.(1.13) Euler developed the head pressure equation created by the impeller see Fig.2.2
Y t h . g = H t = c 2 u . u 2 − c 1 u . u 1 {\displaystyle Yth.g=H_{t}=c_{2}u.u_{2}-c_{1}u.u_{1}} (1)
Y t h = 1 / 2 ( u 2 2 − u 1 2 + w 1 2 − w 2 2 + c 2 2 − c 1 2 ) {\displaystyle Yth=1/2(u_{2}^{2}-u_{1}^{2}+w_{1}^{2}-w_{2}^{2}+c_{2}^{2}-c_{1}^{2})} (2)
In Eq. (2) the sum of 4 front element number call static pressure,the sum of last 2 element number call velocity pressure look carefully on the Fig 2.2 and the detail equation.
Ht theory head pressure ; g = between 9.78 and 9.82 m/s2 depending on latitude, conventional standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s2 barycentric gravitational acceleration
u2=r2.ω the peripheral circumferential velocity vector
u1=r1.ω the inlet circumferential velocity vector
ω=2π.n angular velocity
w1 inlet relative velocity vector
w2 outlet relative velocity vector
c1 inlet absolute velocity vector
c2 outlet absolute velocity vector
Velocity Triangle[edit]
The color triangle formed by velocity vector u,c,w called "velocity triangle". this is an important role in old academic, this rule was helpful to detail Eq.(1) become Eq.(2) and wide explained how the pump works.
Fig 2.3 (a) shows triangle velocity of forward curved vanes impeller ; Fig 2.3 (b) shows triangle velocity of radial straight vanes impeller. It illustrates rather clearly energy added to the flow (shown in vector c) inversely change upon flow rate Q (shown in vector cm).
Efficiency factor[edit]
η = ρ . g Q H P m {\displaystyle \eta ={\frac {\rho .gQH}{P_{m}}}} ,
where:
P m {\displaystyle P_{m}} is the mechanics input power required (W)
ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the fluid density (kg/m3)
g {\displaystyle g} is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s2)
H {\displaystyle H} is the energy Head added to the flow (m)
Q {\displaystyle Q} is the flow rate (m3/s)
η {\displaystyle \eta } is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal
The head added by the pump ( H {\displaystyle H} ) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction and any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is more commonly expressed as kilowatts (103 W, kW) or horsepower (hp*0.746 = kW). The value for the pump efficiency, η p u m p {\displaystyle \eta _{pump}} , may be stated for the pump itself or as a combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.
Vertical centrifugal pumps[edit]
Vertical centrifugal pumps are also referred to as cantilever pumps. They utilize a unique shaft and bearing support configuration that allows the volute to hang in the sump while the bearings are outside the sump. This style of pump uses no stuffing box to seal the shaft but instead utilizes a "throttle bushing". A common application for this style of pump is in a parts washer.
Froth pumps[edit]
In the mineral industry, or in the extraction of oilsand, froth is generated to separate the rich minerals or bitumen from the sand and clays. Froth contains air that tends to block conventional pumps and cause loss of prime. Over history, industry has developed different ways to deal with this problem. In the pulp and paper industry holes are drilled in the impeller. Air escapes to the back of the impeller and a special expeller discharges the air back to the suction tank. The impeller may also feature special small vanes between the primary vanes called split vanes or secondary vanes. Some pumps may feature a large eye, an inducer or recirculation of pressurized froth from the pump discharge back to the suction to break the bubbles.[4]
Multistage centrifugal pumps[edit]
Multistage centrifugal pump[5]
A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. At each stage, the fluid is directed to the center before making its way to the discharge on the outer diameter.
For higher pressures at the outlet, impellers can be connected in series. For higher flow output, impellers can be connected in parallel.
A common application of the multistage centrifugal pump is the boiler feedwater pump. For example, a 350 MW unit would require two feedpumps in parallel. Each feedpump is a multistage centrifugal pump producing 150 l/s at 21 MPa.
All energy transferred to the fluid is derived from the mechanical energy driving the impeller. This can be measured at isentropic compression, resulting in a slight temperature increase (in addition to the pressure increase).
Energy usage[edit]
The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height lifted and the length and friction characteristics of the pipeline. The power required to drive a pump ( P i {\displaystyle P_{i}} ), is defined simply using SI units by:
Single-stage radial-flow centrifugal pump
P i = ρ g H Q η {\displaystyle P_{i}={\cfrac {\rho \ g\ H\ Q}{\eta }}}
where:
P i {\displaystyle P_{i}} is the input power required (W)
ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the fluid density (kg/m3)
g {\displaystyle g} is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s2)
H {\displaystyle H} is the energy Head added to the flow (m)
Q {\displaystyle Q} is the flow rate (m3/s)
η {\displaystyle \eta } is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal
The head added by the pump ( H {\displaystyle H} ) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction and any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is more commonly expressed as kilowatts (103 W, kW) or horsepower (hp = kW/0.746). The value for the pump efficiency, η p u m p {\displaystyle \eta _{pump}} , may be stated for the pump itself or as a combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.
The energy usage is determined by multiplying the power requirement by the length of time the pump is operating.
Problems of centrifugal pumps[edit]
These are some difficulties faced in centrifugal pumps:[6]
Play media
Open Type Centrifugal Pump Impeller
Cavitation—the net positive suction head (NPSH) of the system is too low for the selected pump
Wear of the impeller—can be worsened by suspended solids
Corrosion inside the pump caused by the fluid properties
Overheating due to low flow
Leakage along rotating shaft.
Lack of prime—centrifugal pumps must be filled (with the fluid to be pumped) in order to operate
Surge
Pie chart showing what causes damage to pumps.
Centrifugal pumps for solids control[edit]
An oilfield solids control system needs many centrifugal pumps to sit on or in mud tanks. The types of centrifugal pumps used are sand pumps, submersible slurry pumps, shear pumps, and charging pumps. They are defined for their different functions, but their working principle is the same.
Magnetically coupled pumps[edit]
Main article: magnetic coupling
Magnetically coupled pumps, or magnetic drive pumps, vary from the traditional pumping style, as the motor is coupled to the pump by magnetic means rather than by a direct mechanical shaft. The pump works via a drive magnet, 'driving' the pump rotor, which is magnetically coupled to the primary shaft driven by the motor.[7] They are often used where leakage of the fluid pumped poses a great risk (e.g., aggressive fluid in the chemical or nuclear industry, or electric shock - garden fountains). They have no direct connection between the motor shaft and the impeller, so no gland is needed. There is no risk of leakage, unless the casing is broken. Since the pump shaft is not supported by bearings outside the pump's housing, support inside the pump is provided by bushings. The pump size of a magnetic drive pumps can go from few Watts power to a giant 1MW.
Priming[edit]
Most centrifugal pumps are not self-priming. In other words, the pump casing must be filled with liquid before the pump is started, or the pump will not be able to function. If the pump casing becomes filled with vapors or gases, the pump impeller becomes gas-bound and incapable of pumping. To ensure that a centrifugal pump remains primed and does not become gas-bound, most centrifugal pumps are located below the level of the source from which the pump is to take its suction. The same effect can be gained by supplying liquid to the pump suction under pressure supplied by another pump placed in the suction line.
Self priming centrifugal pump[edit]
In normal conditions, common centrifugal pumps are unable to evacuate the air from an inlet line leading to a fluid level whose geodetic altitude is below that of the pump. Self-priming pumps have to be capable of evacuating air (see Venting) from the pump suction line without any external auxiliary devices.
Centrifugal pumps with an internal suction stage such as water jet pumps or side channel pumps are also classified as self-priming pumps.
Centrifugal pumps which are not designed with an internal or external self-priming stage can only start to pump the fluid after the pump has initially been primed with the fluid. In addition, a suction-side swing check valve or a vent valve must be fitted to prevent any siphon action and ensure that the fluid remains in the casing when the pump has been stopped. In self-priming centrifugal pumps with a separation chamber the fluid pumped and the entrained air bubbles are pumped into the separation chamber by the impeller action.
The air escapes through the pump discharge nozzle whilst the fluid drops back down and is once more entrained by the impeller. The suction line is thus continuously evacuated. The design required for such a self-priming feature has an adverse effect on pump efficiency. Also, the dimensions of the separating chamber are relatively large. For these reasons this solution is only adopted for small pumps, e.g. garden pumps. More frequently used types of self-priming pumps are side channel and water ring pumps. Another type of self-priming pump is a centrifugal pump with two casing chambers and an open impeller. This design is not only used for its self-priming capabilities but also for its degassing effects when pumping twophase mixtures (air/gas and liquid) for a short time in process engineering or when handling polluted fluids, for example when draining water from construction pits.
This pump type operates without a foot valve and without an evacuation device on the suction side. The pump has to be primed with the fluid to be handled prior to commissioning. Two-phase mixture is pumped until the suction line has been evacuated and the fluid level has been pushed into the front suction intake chamber by atmospheric pressure. During normal pumping operation this pump works like an ordinary centrifugal pump.
See also[edit]
Axial flow pump
Net positive suction head (NPSH)
Pump
Seal (mechanical)
Specific speed (Ns or Nss)
Thermodynamic pump testing
Turbine
Turbopump
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shepard, Dennis G. (1956). Principles of Turbomachinery. McMillan. ISBN 0-471-85546-4. LCCN 56002849.
Jump up ^ Reti, Ladislao; Di Giorgio Martini, Francesco (Summer 1963). "Francesco di Giorgio (Armani) Martini's Treatise on Engineering and Its Plagiarists". Technology and Culture. 4 (3): 287–298 (290). doi:10.2307/3100858.
Jump up ^ Gülich, Johann Friedrich (2010). Centrifugal Pumps (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-3-642-12823-3.
Jump up ^ Baha Abulnaga (2004). Pumping Oilsand Froth (PDF). 21st International Pump Users Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland. Published by Texas A&M University, Texas, USA.
Jump up ^ Moniz, Paresh Girdhar, Octo (2004). Practical centrifugal pumps design, operation and maintenance (1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Newnes. p. 13. ISBN 0750662735. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Larry Bachus, Angle Custodio (2003). Know and understand centrifugal pumps. Elsevier Ltd. ISBN 1856174093.
Sources[edit]
ASME B73 Standards Committee, Chemical Standard Pumps
External links[edit]
Minimum Thermal Flow in Centrifugal Pumps - Chemical Engineering Site
Look up Centrifugal pump in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Centrifugal pumps.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centrifugal_pump&oldid=824169342"
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Brother Bear 2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (February 2015)
Brother Bear 2
DVD cover
Directed by
Ben Gluck
Produced by
Carolyn Bates
Jim Ballantine
Written by
Rich Burns
Starring
Patrick Dempsey
Mandy Moore
Benjamin Bryan
Jim Cummings
Michael Clarke Duncan
Jessie Flower
Wendie Malick
Andrea Martin
Rick Moranis
Kathy Najimy
Catherine O'Hara
Jeremy Suarez
Krista Swan
Wanda Sykes
Dave Thomas
Jack Weber
Dana Gonzales
Music by
Matthew Gerrard
Dave Metzger
Robbie Nevil
Production
company
DisneyToon Studios
Disney Animation Australia
Project Firefly
Distributed by
Walt Disney Home Entertainment
Release date
August 29, 2006 (2006-08-29)
Running time
73 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Brother Bear 2 is a 2006 American animated comedy-drama film and the direct-to-video sequel to the animated feature Brother Bear, which was released on August 29, 2006. Melissa Etheridge contributed three songs to the film. In the film, the adventures of bear brothers Kenai and Koda continue. While the first film dealt with Kenai's relationship with Koda, this one focuses more on his bond with a young human, Nita.
Only five of the original characters return for the sequel (excluding Denahi), including Kenai, Koda, Rutt, Tuke, and Tug, because Jason Raize committed suicide in 2004.[1] Only four of those actors came back to do their original roles, which include Jeremy Suarez, Rick Moranis (in his most recent role as of 2017), Dave Thomas, and Michael Clarke Duncan.
Producer Jim Ballantine was removed from the project and replaced with producer Carolyn Bates. Jason Marsden, as heard in the first trailer, was originally announced to voice Kenai, originally voiced by Joaquin Phoenix in the first film, but Patrick Dempsey ultimately voiced the character. However, the end credits still note Marsden as one of the additional voices.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Soundtrack
6 References
7 External links
Plot
Picking up several months after the events of the first film, Kenai, now a cave bear, is living happily with his foster brother Koda. Having just awoken from hibernation, the bears begin traveling to Crowberry Ridge for the first berries of the season. However, Kenai is haunted by memories of his childhood friend Nita, to whom he gave a special amulet many years ago after saving her from drowning. Nita, now grown up, is set to wed Atka, a man from a neighboring Inuit village. However, on the day of the wedding, the Spirits appear in the form of a storm that causes a fissure to open up in the ground between Nita and Atka, much to Nita's horror. Believing it to be a sign, Nita consults the wisest shaman of the tribes. By communicating with the Spirits, the shaman reveals that the amulet that Kenai gave Nita all those years ago bonded her and Kenai together. The only way for Nita to sever the bond and be able to marry Atka is to find Kenai, go with him to Hokani Falls (where Kenai gave Nita the amulet), and burn the amulet on the eve of the Equinox, thus returning the bond to the Spirits. The shaman grants Nita the ability to communicate with Kenai and the other wildlife for this journey.
Eventually, Kenai and Koda meet up with Nita. At first, Kenai refuses to destroy the bond, but Nita tells him that the Spirits may turn him back into a human and send him to find her. Under pressure from Nita and Koda, who is worried that he and Kenai could no longer be brothers if this happens, Kenai relents and the three make their way to Hokani Falls. As they spend more time together, Kenai and Nita rekindle their old friendship, much to Koda's jealousy. One night, Nita asks Kenai if he ever thought of being human again. When Kenai says that he has considered it, Koda hears this and races up a mountain, grief-stricken that Kenai may leave him. Nita finds Koda hiding in a cave, but both are caught in an avalanche and barely rescued by Kenai. Kenai scolds Koda for almost getting himself killed, but the two reconcile with Kenai assuring Koda that he would never leave him.
The trio eventually make it to Hokani Falls, where they burn the amulet. Without it, Nita can no longer communicate with Kenai or Koda, so she says goodbye. Seeing how depressed Kenai is and realizing that he loves Nita, Koda secretly asks his mother in the Spirit land to turn Kenai back into a human so he can be happy. The next morning, Rutt and Tuke (whom Kenai, Koda, and Nita ran into multiple times throughout their journey, and whom Nita helped woo a pair of female Canadian moose) inform Kenai that Koda went to the village to retrieve Nita. Knowing that Koda could be killed, Kenai follows after him.
At the village, the tribes prepare for the wedding once again, but Nita, realizing her feelings for Kenai, tells her father that she cannot marry Atka. At that moment, Koda creates a major commotion in the village in order to get Nita's attention, while Kenai arrives to retrieve Koda. Rutt and Tuke rescue Koda from two of the villagers, while Atka battles Kenai, shoving him off of a cliff and into shallow water. Nita rushes to Kenai's aide, where the two profess their love for each other. The Spirits appear to change Kenai back into a human, allowing Nita to communicate with Kenai and Koda. Kenai tells Nita that he cannot become a human again and leave Koda, but Nita tells him that she can be with him. With her father's blessing, the Spirits transform Nita into a bear. The film ends with Kenai and Nita's wedding that the tribes, bears, Rutt, Tuke and their mates happily watch.
Cast
Patrick Dempsey as Kenai
Jeremy Suarez as Koda
Mandy Moore as Nita
Rick Moranis as Rutt
Dave Thomas as Tuke
Michael Clarke Duncan as Tug
Andrea Martin as Anda
Jeff Bennett as Atka
Catherine O'Hara as Kata
Wanda Sykes as Innoko
Wendie Malick as Siqiniq
Kathy Najimy as Taqqiq
Tress MacNeille as Hoonah
Jim Cummings as Bering and Chilkoot
Jack Weber as Young Kenai
Jessie Flower as Young Nita
Production
The film was produced by DisneyToon Studios,[3], Disney Animation Australia[4] and Project Firefly, a start up animation company founded by former Disney Feature Animation Florida employees.[5]
Reception
Brother Bear 2 received generally mixed reviews from critics, and the film currently holds a 50% in Rotten Tomatoes, and an average rating of 5.6/10 (based on 8 votes).[6] The film is the second direct-to-video sequel to have a higher rating on Rotten Tomatoes than its predecessor, with the first film being An Extremely Goofy Movie.
Enthusiastic reviews included Kevin Carr of 7M Pictures, which wrote "The kids will love “Brother Bear 2,” especially if they loved the first film. It has a good message and some decent scenes."[7] RealTalk Movie Reviews said "Although sequels -- even a few from Disney -- are often disappointing, this one is a keeper, mostly because of its charming story and extraordinary background music",[8] and DVDTalk's Brian Orndorf said "As money-grabbing animated product goes, "Brother Bear 2" rests nicely on a lowered expectation level, and is hardly an offensive affront to the first film. The texture and polish is deeply missed, but the characters are so strong and engaging, it still entertains."[9] David Cornelius of DVDTalk wrote "The story fails to impress, but everything else adds up in all the right ways to make up for it. The makers of "Brother Bear 2" break the curse of the Disney sequel and turn in a welcome effort."[10] Movie Metropolis said "When you consider that Disney meant this production strictly for the home and it probably didn't cost nearly as much as the first film to make or market, it's actually a superior product..."Brother Bear 2" may not be first-tier Disney filmmaking, but it is first-tier Disney animation, and that and the sweetness of the story line may be enough to keep even grown-ups entertained."[11]
Negative reviews came from Pablo Villaca of Cinema em Cena, who said "sad to say ... the magic of the first film and sensitivity were replaced by cliches, ridiculous story and cheap sentimentality."[6] Reel Film Reviews said "There's little doubt that Brother Bear 2, for the most part, comes off as an affable yet entirely needless piece of work, as filmmaker Ben Gluck, working from Rich Burns' script, is generally unable to wholeheartedly capture and sustain the viewer's interest - with the ongoing emphasis on stand-alone segments (eg the central trio run afoul of several violent raccoons) ensuring that the movie is only sporadically engaging."[12]
In 2016, Doug Walker of Channel Awesome reviewed Brother Bear 2 as part of Disneycember, praising the animation but criticizing the writing and the film itself for being "mostly dumb".[13]
Soundtrack
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Brother Bear 2
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
August 15, 2006
Recorded
2006
Genre
Pop, rock, soundtrack
Label
Walt Disney
The soundtrack to Brother Bear 2 was released August 15, 2006. It is available only on digital outlets such as the iTunes Store and walmart.com. It includes the following tracks:
Dave Metzger – "Opening: Brother Bear 2" – 0:34
Melissa Etheridge – "Welcome to This Day" – 2:40
Dave Metzger – "The Dream" – 2:08
Dave Metzger – "Father and Daughter" – 0:54
Dave Metzger – "Nita Confesses Her Fear" – 0:55
Melissa Etheridge and Josh Kelley – "Feels Like Home" – 3:30
Melissa Etheridge – "It Will Be Me" – 3:35
Dave Metzger – "Koda's Wish to the Spirits" – 1:38
Dave Metzger – "I Love You Too" – 2:42
Dave Metzger – "Nita's Transformation" – 1:23
Melissa Etheridge and Josh Kelley – "Welcome to This Day [Reprise]" – 1:33
References
Jump up ^ Sutton, Candace (February 15, 2004). "Mystery over stage star's death in bush". www.smh.com.au. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Brother Bear' DVD Press Release". Walt Disney Home Entertainment. May 26, 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2006
Jump up ^ Baisley, Sarah (June 21, 2007). "Disneytoon Studios Prexy Morrill Steps Down". Animation World Network. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Disney to axe Sydney studio". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. July 26, 2005. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Moore, Roger (January 31, 2006). "Drawn to the light". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Brother Bear 2, Rotten Tomatoes, retrieved November 30, 2016
Jump up ^ Carr, Kevin. ""BROTHER BEAR 2" DVD Review". www.7mpictures.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.reeltalkreviews.com/browse/viewitem.asp?type=review&id=1831
Jump up ^ Orndorf, Brian (August 25, 2006). "Brother Bear 2". DVD Talk. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cornelius, David (August 28, 2006). "Brother Bear 2". DVD Talk. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
Jump up ^ Nusair, David. "Brother Bear 1 & 2". reelfilm.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Channel Awesome (December 22, 2016). "Brother Bear 2 - Disneycember". YouTube. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Brother Bear 2
Official website
Brother Bear 2 at The Big Cartoon DataBase
Brother Bear 2 on IMDb
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Brother Bear (2003)
Brother Bear 2 (2006)
Music
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Disney home entertainment animated features
Sequels/follow-ups
The Return of Jafar (1994)
Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996)
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
Belle's Magical World (1998)
Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (1998)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998)
An Extremely Goofy Movie (2000)
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)
Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure (2001)
Cinderella II: Dreams Come True (2002)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame II (2002)
Atlantis: Milo's Return (2003)
101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003)
The Lion King 1½ (2004)
Mulan II (2004)
Tarzan II (2005)
Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch (2005)
Kronk's New Groove (2005)
Bambi II (2006)
Brother Bear 2 (2006)
The Fox and the Hound 2 (2006)
Cinderella III: A Twist in Time (2007)
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)
Films based
on TV series
Recess Christmas: Miracle on Third Street (2001)
Recess: Taking the Fifth Grade (2003)
Recess: All Growed Down (2003)
Leroy & Stitch (2006)
TV series pilots
and compilations
Gargoyles the Movie: The Heroes Awaken (1995)
Mighty Ducks the Movie: The First Face-Off (1997)
Hercules: Zero to Hero (1998)
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (2000)
Tarzan & Jane (2002)
A Very Merry Pooh Year (2002)
Stitch! The Movie (2003)
Once Upon a Halloween (2005)
Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie (2005)
Original stories
Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin (1997)
Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas (1999)
Springtime with Roo (2004)
Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers (2004)
Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas (2004)
Spin-offs
Disney Princess Enchanted Tales: Follow Your Dreams (2007)
Tinker Bell (2008)
Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009)
Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010)
Secret of the Wings (2012)
The Pirate Fairy (2014)
Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2015)
Adaptations
Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving (1999)
Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse (2001)
Tarzan & Jane (2002)
Mickey's House of Villains (2002)
Disney Sing-Along Songs series (1986–2006)
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