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Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?
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Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?
First light novel volume cover featuring the characters Bell Cranel (right) and Hestia (left)
ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか
(Danjon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka)
Genre
Fantasy, Action, Comedy, Romance
Light novel
Written by
Fujino Ōmori
Illustrated by
Suzuhito Yasuda
Published by
SB Creative
English publisher
NA
Yen Press
Demographic
Male
Imprint
GA Bunko
Original run
January 2013 – present
Volumes
12 (List of volumes)
Manga
Written by
Fujino Ōmori
Illustrated by
Kunieda
Published by
Square Enix
English publisher
NA
Yen Press
Demographic
Seinen
Magazine
Young Gangan
Original run
August 2, 2013 – present
Volumes
8 (List of volumes)
Manga
Dungeon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka 4-koma: Kamisama no Nichijō
Written by
Masaya Takamura
Published by
Square Enix
English publisher
NA
Yen Press
Magazine
Gangan Online
Original run
August 14, 2014 – present
Anime television series
Directed by
Yoshiki Yamakawa
Produced by
Nobuhiro Nakayama
Ryūtarō Kawakami
Seiji Miyazaki
Written by
Hideki Shirane
Music by
Keiji Inai
Studio
J.C.Staff
Licensed by
AUS
Hanabee
NA
Sentai Filmworks
UK
Animatsu Entertainment
Original network
Tokyo MX, KBS, TVA, SUN, BS11, AT-X
English network
SEA
ANIPLUS HD
PH
TV5
Original run
April 4, 2015 – June 27, 2015
Episodes
13 + OVA (List of episodes)
Anime and Manga portal
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? (Japanese: ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか, Hepburn: Danjon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka), also known as DanMachi (ダンまち) for short, and with English subtitle Familia Myth,[1] is a Japanese light novel series written by Fujino Ōmori and illustrated by Suzuhito Yasuda. SB Creative has published eleven volumes since January 2013 under their GA Bunko imprint. It has received two manga adaptations as well as an anime television adaptation by J.C.Staff, which aired from April 4 to June 27, 2015. An OVA was released on December 7, 2016.
Additionally, a spin-off light novel series titled Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?: Sword Oratoria began in January 2014. Sword Oratoria has also received its own manga and anime television adaptations, the latter of which aired on April 14 to June 30, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Setting
1.2 Plot
2 Media
2.1 Light novel
2.2 Manga
2.2.1 Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?
2.2.2 Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? 4-koma: God's Daily Life
2.3 Anime
2.3.1 Episode list
2.4 Video Game
3 References
4 External links
Overview[edit]
Setting[edit]
The story takes place in the fictional city of Orario whose main feature place is the Dungeon (ダンジョン, Danjon) which contains an assortment of monsters from goblins to dragons. Adventurers visit the dungeon to defeat monsters and take their crystal shards, which are used to craft magic items, among other treasures; however, they can also be exchanged for the world's currency. The people of Orario join groups called Familia (ファミリア, Famiria), who serve a range of functions from dungeon crawling to crafting items. Each Familia is named after and serves a resident deity. In a fashion similar to role playing games, the adventurers are grouped into levels, increasing their levels and abilities according to their achievements.[2][3]
Plot[edit]
See also: List of Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? characters
The story follows the exploits of Bell Cranel, a 14-year-old solo adventurer under the goddess Hestia. As the only member of the Hestia Familia, he works hard every day in the dungeon to make ends meet while seeking to improve himself. He looks up to Ais Wallenstein, a famous and powerful swordswoman who once saved his life, and with whom he fell in love. He is unaware that several other girls, deities and mortals alike, also develop affections towards him; most notably Hestia herself, as he also gains allies and improves himself with each new challenge he faces.
Media[edit]
Light novel[edit]
Fujino Ōmori wrote the story under the title Familia Myth as his entry for the 4th GA Bunko Award, where he won the Great Prize and received an offer for publication.[4] The first light novel volume was published on January 15, 2013, by SB Creative under their GA Bunko imprint.[5] As of October 14, 2016, eleven volumes have been published.[6] The series has estimated sales of over 1,500,000 copies.[7] Yen Press has licensed the series in North America and released the first volume under the Yen On imprint in December 2014.[8][9] The light novel ranked at No. 4 in 2014 in Takarajimasha's annual light novel guide book Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!.[10]
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN
1
January 15, 2013[5] ISBN 978-4-7973-7280-9 December 16, 2014[11] ISBN 978-0-316-33915-5
2
February 15, 2013[12] ISBN 978-4-7973-7307-3 April 21, 2015[13] ISBN 978-0-316-34014-4
3
May 15, 2013[14] ISBN 978-4-7973-7362-2 August 18, 2015[15] ISBN 978-0-316-34015-1
4
December 14, 2013[16] ISBN 978-4-7973-7514-5 December 15, 2015[17] ISBN 978-0-316-34016-8
5
May 15, 2014[18] ISBN 978-4-7973-7714-9 April 19, 2016[19] ISBN 978-0-316-31479-4
6
November 14, 2014[20] ISBN 978-4-7973-8058-3 August 23, 2016[21] ISBN 978-0-316-39416-1
7
April 14, 2015[22] ISBN 978-4-7973-8311-9 December 13, 2016[23] ISBN 978-0-316-39417-8
8
June 13, 2015[6] ISBN 978-4-7973-8314-0 April 18, 2017[24] ISBN 978-0-316-39418-5
9
September 12, 2015[25] ISBN 978-4-7973-8500-7 September 19, 2017[26] ISBN 978-0-316-56264-5
10
May 14, 2016[27] ISBN 978-4-7973-8677-6 December 12, 2017[28] ISBN 978-0-316-44245-9
11
October 14, 2016[29] ISBN 978-4-7973-8812-1 — —
12
May 24, 2017[30] ISBN 978-4-7973-9280-7 — —
Manga[edit]
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?[edit]
A manga adaptation with art by Kunieda began serialization in Square Enix's seinen manga magazine Young Gangan from August 2, 2013.[1] It has been collected in seven tankōbon volumes.[31][32]Yen Press announced at New York Comic Con the rights to publish the manga in North America.[33]
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN
1
December 13, 2013[34] ISBN 978-4-7575-4166-5 May 19, 2015[35] ISBN 978-0-316-30217-3
"World, Reality, and Desire" (世界と現実と憧憬, "Sekai to Genjitsu to Dōkei")
"That's why I Run" (だから僕は走る, "Dakara Boku wa Hashiru")
"Night Before Awakening" (覚醒前夜, "Kakusei Zen'ya")
"That's why I Want to Help" (だから僕は力になりたい, "Dakara Boku wa Chikara ni Naritai")
"The Goddess's Prank" (女柚のいたずら, "On'na Yuzu no Itazura")
"Monsterphilia Begins" (怪物祭開幕, "Kaibutsu-sai Kaimaku")
"The fair, the Date, the Search" (祭りとデー卜と人捜し, "Matsuri to Dētā to Hito Sagashi")
2
May 14, 2014[36] ISBN 978-4-7575-4304-1 August 18, 2015[37] ISBN 978-0-316-34591-0
"The Goddess's Favor" (女神の寵愛, "Megami no Choai")
"The Courage it Takes" (ありつたけの男気, "Aritsu Take no Otokogi")
"Family" (家旅, "Tatabi")
"The Divine Knife" (神様のナイフ, "Kamisama no Naifu")
"Bump of Chicken" (パンプ.オブ.チキン, "Panpu. Obu. Chikin")
"Roar" (雄たけび, "Otakebi")
"A Chance Meeting" (出会い, "Deai")
3
November 13, 2014[38] ISBN 978-4-7575-4464-2 November 17, 2015[39] ISBN 978-0-316-35207-9
"A Shopping Mishap??" (お買い物は災いのもと??, "O Kaimono wa Wazawai no Moto??")
"The Supporter's Situation" (サポーターのお仕事事情, "Sapōtā no Oshigoto Jijō")
"A Thief's Dungeon Trap" (迷宮に潜む罠?, "Meikyū ni Hisomu Wana?")
"Fiasco and Miscalculation" (大失態と大誤算, "Dai Shittai to Dai Gosan")
"A Big Misunderstanding!?" (大いなる勘違い!?, "Ōinaru Kanchigai!?")
"Jealousy, Joy, and a Bath??" (嫉妬と歓喜と入浴??, "Shitto to Kanki to Nyūyoku?")
"Calm Before the Storm!?" (嵐の前の静けさ!?, "Arashi no Mae no Shizukesa!?")
"Reckless!?" (油断大敵!?, "Yudantaiteki!?")
4
March 25, 2015[40] ISBN 978-4-7575-4592-2 February 23, 2016[41] ISBN 978-0-316-27000-7
"Manifestation" (発現, "Hatsugen")
"Magic Summons That?" (魔法はアレを喚ぶ?, "Mahō wa Are o Yobu?")
"Divine Wine" (神洒, "Kami 洒")
"Level 10" (10階層, "10 Kaisō")
"Betrayal?" (裏切り?, "Uragiri?")
"Death" (死, "Shi")
"Trust" (信頼, "Shinrai")
"Restart" (リスタート, "Risutotā")
5
June 25, 2015[42] ISBN 978-4-7575-4673-8 May 24, 2016[43] ISBN 978-0-316-27225-4
"The Boy and the Sword Princess" (少年と剣姫, "Shōnen to Kenki")
"Training with the Sword Princess" (剣姫の特訓, "Kenki no Tokkun")
"The Scheme Commences" (策謀の始まり, "Sakubō no Hajimari")
"Party Play" (パーティプレイ, "Pātīpurei")
"Surging Crusade" (聖戦勃発, "Seisen Boppatsu")
"Assault" (強襲, "Kyōshū")
"To New Heights" (高みへ, "Takami e")
6
March 25, 2016[44] ISBN 978-4-7575-4925-8 November 22, 2016[45] ISBN 978-0-316-55260-8
"Fear" (恐怖, "Kyōfu")
"A Premonition?" (虫の知らせ??, "Mushi no Shirase?")
"Affinity" (因縁, "In'nen")
"The Making of a Hero" (英雄たるもの, "Eiyūtaru Mono")
"The Brink of Despair" (絶望の果て, "Zetsubō no Hate")
"Awakening" (覚醒, "Kakusei")
"Argonaut" (英雄願望, "Eiyū Ganbō")
"Resolution" (決着, "Ketchaku")
"Adventurers" (冒険者, "Bōken-sha")
"The Secret Connection Between Leveling Up and a Conference of Deities" (ランクアップと神会の密接な関係, "Ranku Appu to Kami-kai no Missetsuna Kankei")
7
October 13, 2016[46] ISBN 978-4-7575-5120-6 July 18, 2017[47] ISBN 978-0-316-43978-7
神会開幕 ("Kami-kai Kaimaku")
出会いの呼び水 ("Deai no Yobimizu")
加わる関係 ("Kuwawaru Kankei")
レベルアップの恩恵 ("Reberuappu no Onkei")
鍛冶師の腕前 ("Tan'ya-shi no Udemae")
発動 ("Hatsudō")
真実 ("Shinjitsu")
熱き想い ("Atsuki Omoi")
新たな進撃 ("Aratana Shingeki")
予兆の前触れ ("Yochō no Maebure")
8
March 23, 2017[48] ISBN 978-4-7575-5287-6 November 14, 2017[49] ISBN 978-0-316-41190-5
縺れの予感 ("Motsure no Yokan")
怪物進呈 ("Kaibutsu Shintei")
決断と提案 ("Ketsudan to Teian")
神々の決断 ("Kamigami no Ketsudan")
疾風参戦 ("Hayate Sansen")
出立の刻 ("Shuttatsu no Koku")
再びの対峙 ("Futatabi no Taiji")
英雄乱舞 ("Eiyū Ranbu")
決死 ("Kesshi")
たどり着いた場 ("Tadoritsuita Ba")
9
September 25, 2017[50] ISBN 978-4-7575-5368-2 — —
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? 4-koma: God's Daily Life[edit]
A four-panel manga series titled Dungeon ni Deai o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka 4-koma: Kamisama no Nichijō (ダンジョンに出会いを求めるのは間違っているだろうか4コマ【神様の日常】) by Masaya Takamura began serialization in Square Enix's online manga magazine Gangan Online from August 14, 2014.
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN
1
— — January 23, 2018[51] ISBN 978-0-3164-8013-0
Anime[edit]
An anime television series adaptation by J.C.Staff began airing the broadcast night of April 3, 2015.[52] The opening theme is "Hey World" by Yuka Iguchi, and the ending theme is "RIGHT LIGHT RISE" by Kanon Wakeshima.[53] Crunchyroll has streamed the series internationally.[54] Sentai Filmworks has licensed the anime for digital and home video release in North America with an English dub slated to be released in March 2017.[55][56] An original video animation was released on December 7, 2016.[57][58]
Episode list[edit]
No.
Title[59]
Original air date[60]
1
"Adventurer (Bell Cranel)"
"Bōkensha (Beru·Kuraneru)" (冒険者(ベル・クラネル)) April 4, 2015
Bell Cranel has just started working as an adventurer blessed by the Goddess Hestia, when a mysterious power never seen before emerges from him after he falls in love with Ais Wallenstein, a beautiful and powerful swordswoman who saves his life.
2
"Monster Festival (Monsterphilia)"
"Kaibutsu-sai (Monsutāfiria)" (怪物祭(モンスターフィリア)) April 11, 2015
Despite her jealousy over Bell's infatuation with Ais, Hestia turns to fellow Goddess Hephaistos, asking her to craft a special weapon for him. However, the Goddess Freya also develops an interest in Bell and sets a trap for him.
3
"The Blade of a God (Hestia Knife)"
"Kamisama no Yaiba (Hesutia·Naifu)" (神様の刃(ヘスティア・ナイフ)) April 18, 2015
Separating himself from Hestia in order to protect her, Bell confronts a monster in the streets with no chance to win, until Hestia returns with the weapon she ordered for him, the "Hestia Knife" and he makes a comeback.
4
"The Weak (Supporter)"
"Jakusha (Sapōtā)" (弱者(サポーター)) April 25, 2015
After Eina took Bell to the city so Bell can get some new armor, Bell meets a supporter, Liliruca Arde, who offers herself to be his partner, unaware of her true intentions.
5
"Magic Book (Grimoire)"
"Madōsho (Gurimoa)" (魔導書(グリモア)) May 2, 2015
Bell comes across a magic book that grants him a powerful, new spell and collapses while testing it out in the dungeon, just to be rescued by Ais again. Meanwhile, Liliruca decides that the time to end her partnership with Bell is at hand.
6
"Reason (Liliruca Arde)"
"Riyū (ririruka· āde)" (理由(リリルカ・アーデ)) May 9, 2015
Liliruca sets a trap for Bell, stealing his knife in the occasion. However, she is captured and left for dead by a group of thugs, and despite her betrayal, Bell arrives in the nick of time to protect her.
7
"Sword Princess (Ais Wallenstein)"
"Kenki (Aizu·Varenshutain)" (剣姫（アイズ・ヴァレンシュタイン）) May 16, 2015
Now with Liliruca as his partner for good, Bell finally has a proper meeting with Ais and starts training under her, much to Hestia's jealousy when she finds out.
8
"Wanting To Be A Hero (Argonaut)"
"Eiyū ganbō (arugonōto)" (英雄願望(アルゴノゥト)) May 23, 2015
After finishing his training with Ais, Bell is attacked by a powerful minotaur but instead of running away, he decides to confront the beast by himself in order to buy time for Lily to get away. Ais arrived later to help him but was refused by Bell who wishes to become stronger.
9
"Blacksmith (Welf Crozzo)"
"Tan'ya-shi (verufu· kurozzo)" (鍛冶師(ヴェルフ・クロッゾ)) May 30, 2015
Bell's victory against the Minotaur earns him quite the reputation among the other adventures for being the quickest adventurer who gets to level 2 overtaking Ais Wallenstein's record. He later befriends Welf Crozzo, a young blacksmith who is also a level 2 adventurer who wishes to join his party.
10
"Procession of Monsters (Pass Parade)"
"Kaibutsu shintei (pasu· parēdo)" (怪物進呈(パス・パレード)) June 6, 2015
Just when Bell's new party start exploring the intermediate floors of the dungeon, they was forced into a dire situation when a party used them as decoy to escape from monster train. Ended up missing, Hestia assembles a rescue party to search for them.
11
"Labyrinth Utopia (Under Resort)"
"Meikyū no rakuen (andārizōto)" (迷宮の楽園(アンダーリゾート)) June 13, 2015
With their last ounces of strength, Bell and friends reach the safe area in the eighteenth floor, where they are rescued and treated by Ais and her guild, who are returning to the surface after finishing their expedition. Hestia arrives later and reunite with him.
12
"Evil Intentions (Show)"
"Akui (shō)" (悪意(ショー)) June 20, 2015
Bell and the others prepare themselves to return to the surface when a group of rogue adventurers, envious of Bell's fame, kidnap Hestia in order to set a trap for him.
13
"The Story of a Familia (Familia Myth)"
"Kenzoku no monogatari (Famiria· mīsu)" (眷族の物語(ファミリア・ミィス)) June 27, 2015
A powerful monster appears in the 18th floor without warning, leading Bell and the other adventurers to fight for their lives against it.
OVA
"Is It Wrong To Seek A Hot Spring In A Dungeon?"
"Danjon ni Onsen o Motomeru no wa Machigatteiru Darō ka?" (ダンジョンに温泉を求めるのは間違っているだろうか) December 7, 2016
On ther way back from the 18th floor, Hestia, Bell and the others accidentally uncover a hidden, mystical hot spring, and they decide to stop by to refresh themselves until creatures lurking in the dark appear to attack them.
Video Game[edit]
5pb. announced that they are developing a "dungeon action RPG" based on the light novels. The platforms have yet to be announced.[61]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 8 (manga)". amazon.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 8 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Vol. 9 (manga)". amazon.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong To Try To Pick Up Girls In A Dungeon? Days Of Goddess, Vol. 1 (manga)". Hachette Book Group. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Anime's April Date, More Cast Unveiled". Anime News Network. December 27, 2014. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Anime's 2nd Promo Previews Opening Theme". Anime News Network. March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Crunchyroll to Stream Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sentai Filmworks Adds Pleiades, Re-Kan, SNAFU Too, Hello! KinMoza, UtaPri Season 3, Is it Wrong to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon and Food Wars". Anime News Network. April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Complete Collection". Sentai Filmworks. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?' Light Novels Get New Original Video Anime". Anime News Network. February 21, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?' OVA Slated for December 7". Anime News Network. August 10, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crunchyroll - Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Full episodes streaming online for free". Crunchyroll. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "オンエアー｜TVアニメ「ダンまち」公式サイト". TVアニメ「ダンまち」公式サイト. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "5pb. announces Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? dungeon action RPG". Gematsu. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
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FOB (shipping)
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Dockers loading bagged cargo
FOB, "Free On Board", is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms 2010 standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway transport. As with all Incoterms, FOB does not define the point at which ownership of the goods is transferred.
The term FOB is also used in modern domestic shipping within the United States to describe the point at which a seller is no longer responsible for shipping cost.
Ownership of a cargo is independent from Incoterms. In international trade, ownership of the cargo is defined by the bill of lading or waybill.
Contents
[hide]
1 Incoterms
2 North America
3 Accounting and auditing (FOB)
4 "Freight On Board"
5 References
Incoterms[edit]
Further information: Incoterms
Under the Incoterms 2010 standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce, FOB is only used in sea freight and stands for "Free On Board". The term is always used in conjunction with a port of loading.[1]
Indicating "FOB port" means that the seller pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment, plus loading costs. The buyer pays the cost of marine freight transport, insurance, unloading, and transportation from the arrival port to the final destination. The passing of risks occurs when the goods are loaded on board at the port of shipment. For example, "FOB Vancouver" indicates that the seller will pay for transportation of the goods to the port of Vancouver, and the cost of loading the goods on to the cargo ship (this includes inland haulage, customs clearance, origin documentation charges, demurrage if any, origin port handling charges, in this case Vancouver). The buyer pays for all costs beyond that point, including unloading. Responsibility for the goods is with the seller until the goods are loaded on board the ship. Once the cargo is on board, the buyer assumes the risk.
Ship loading at a wharf
The use of "FOB" originated in the days of sailing ships. When the ICC first wrote their guidelines for the use of the term in 1936,[2] the ship's rail was still relevant, as goods were often passed over the rail by hand. In 1954, in the case of Pyrene Co. Ltd. v. Scindia Steam Navigation Co. Ltd.,[3] Justice Devlin, ruling on a matter relating to liability under an FOB contract, described the situation thus:
Only the most enthusiastic lawyer could watch with satisfaction the spectacle of liabilities shifting uneasily as the cargo sways at the end of a derrick across a notional perpendicular projecting from the ship's rail.
In the modern era of containerization, the term "ship's rail" is somewhat archaic for trade purposes, as with a sealed shipping container there is no way of establishing when damage occurred after the container has been sealed. The standards have noted this. Incoterms 1990 stated,
When the ship's rail serves no practical purpose, such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, the FCA term is more appropriate to use.
Incoterms 2000 adopted the wording,
If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the FCA term should be used.[1]
The phrase passing the ship's rail is no longer in use, having been dropped from the FOB Incoterm in the 2010 revision.
Due to potential confusion with domestic North American usage of "FOB", it is recommended that the use of Incoterms be explicitly specified, along with the edition of the standard.[4][5] For example, "FOB New York (Incoterms 2000)". Incoterms apply to both international trade and domestic trade, as of the 2010 revision.
North America[edit]
In North America, FOB is written into a sales agreement to determine where the liability responsibility for the goods transfers from the seller to the buyer. FOB stands for "Free On Board" or so there is no line item payment by the buyer for the cost of getting the goods onto the transport. There are two possibilities: "FOB origin", or "FOB destination". "FOB origin" means the transfer occurs as soon as the goods are safely on board the transport. "FOB destination" means the transfer occurs the moment the goods are removed from the transport at the destination. "FOB origin" (also sometimes phrased as "FOB shipping" or "FOB shipping point") indicates that the sale is considered complete at the seller's shipping dock, and thus the buyer of the goods is responsible for freight costs and liability during transport. With "FOB destination", the sale is complete at the buyer's doorstep and the seller is responsible for freight costs and liability during transport.[6][7]
The two terms have a specific meaning in commercial law and cannot be altered. But the FOB terms do not need to be used, and often are not. In this case the specific terms of the agreement can vary widely, in particular which party, buyer or seller, pays for the loading costs and shipment costs, and/or where responsibility for the goods is transferred. The last distinction is important for determining liability or risk of loss for goods lost or damaged in transit from the seller to the buyer.[7][8]
For example, a person in Miami purchasing equipment from a manufacturer in Chicago could receive a price quote of "$5000 FOB Chicago", which would indicate that the buyer would be responsible for the shipping from Chicago to Miami. If the same seller issued a price quote of "$5000 FOB Miami", then the seller would cover shipping to the buyer's location.
International shipments typically use "FOB" as defined by the Incoterms standards, where it always stands for "Free On Board". Domestic shipments within the United States or Canada often use a different meaning, specific to North America, which is inconsistent with the Incoterms standards.
North American FOB usage corresponds to Incoterms approximately as follows:
North America
Incoterms
FOB shipping point or FOB shipping point, freight collect FCA shipping point
FOB shipping point, freight prepaid CPT destination
FOB destination or FOB destination, freight prepaid DAP destination
A related but separate term "CAP" ("customer-arranged pickup") is used to denote that the buyer will arrange a carrier of their choice to pick the goods up at the seller's premises, and the liability for any damage or loss belongs to the buyer.
Although FOB has long been stated as "'Freight On Board'" in sales contract terminology, this should be avoided as it does not precisely conform to the meaning of the acronym as specified in the UCC.[7]
Sometimes FOB is used in sales to retain commission by the outside sales representative. It is unclear where this originated.
Accounting and auditing (FOB)[edit]
Container ship loading
In the past, the FOB point determined when title transferred for goods. For example, at year- and period-end goods in transit under "FOB destination" (North American usage) appear on the seller's balance sheet but not in the buyer's balance sheet, as the risk and rewards of ownership change to the buyer at the "destination" port.
It is much easier to determine when title transfers by referring to the agreed upon terms and conditions of the transaction; typically, title passes with risk of loss. The transfer of title may occur at a different time (or event) than the FOB shipping term. The transfer of title is the element of revenue that determines who owns the goods and the applicable value.
Import fees when they reach the border of one country to enter the other country under the conditions of FOB destination are due at the customs port of the destination country.[9]
With the advent of e-commerce, most commercial electronic transactions occur under the terms of "FOB shipping point" or "FCA shipping point".
"Freight On Board"[edit]
Some sources claim that FOB stands for "Freight On Board". This is not the case. The term "Freight On Board" is not mentioned in any version of Incoterms, and is not defined by the Uniform Commercial Code in the USA.[10] Further to that, it has been found in the US court system that "Freight On Board" is not a recognized industry term.[11] Use of the term "Freight On Board" in contracts is therefore very likely to cause confusion.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "FOB Preamble" (PDF). International Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-04-17. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Understanding Incoterms". International Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 2005-10-27. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Pyrene Co. Ltd. v. Scindia Navigation Co. Ltd." QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION [1954] 2 Q.B. 198. Archived from the original on March 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Incoterms FAQ". International Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 2005-11-02. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Preambles to Incoterms 2000". International Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 2008-10-05. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
Jump up ^ "FOB shipping point definition". AccountingCoach.com. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c Staff, LII (20 November 2012). "§ 2-319. F.O.B. and F.A.S. Terms." LII / Legal Information Institute.
Jump up ^ "What is the significance of FOB Shipping Point and FOB Destination?". AccountingCoach, LLC. 2006-07-12. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
Jump up ^ "What are FOB Shipping Terms?". Simplestudies LLC. 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
Jump up ^ Staff, LII (20 November 2012). "§ 2-319. F.O.B. and F.A.S. Terms." LII / Legal Information Institute.
Jump up ^ United States Court of International Trade, Quinn v. United States and United States Secretary of the Treasury, May 10, 2000
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Young Lords
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Young Lords
Founded
1968 (1968) by Patrick Rubsamen
Ideology
Anti-capitalism
Anti-fascism
Anti-imperialism
Puerto Rican independence
Revolutionary socialism
Anti-racism
Political position
Left-wing to Far-left
International affiliation
Puerto Rico
Colors
Black and Purple with Gold
Politics of the United States
Political parties
Elections
The Young Lords, later Young Lords Organization and, in New York (notably Spanish Harlem), Young Lords Party, was a Puerto Rican leftist group in several United States cities, notably New York City, and in Lincoln Park, Chicago, the Neighborhood where they were born.
Contents
[hide]
1 Founding
2 Expansion
3 Social action
4 Cultural influence
5 Repression
6 Decline and aftermath
7 Legacy
8 See also
9 Footnotes
10 Further reading
11 External links
Founding[edit]
The Young Lords began in 1960 as a Puerto Rican turf gang in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago. Their president Jose Cha Cha Jimenez reorganized them on Grito de Lares, September 23, 1968 and became founder of the Young Lords as a national civil and human rights movement. This new community wide movement, then networked to nearly 30 cities including three branches in New York city. These groups were united into one by Chicago's national offices.It was an important base because then NYC was the port of entry for most immigrants, and for more than 90% of Puerto Ricans.
During Mayor Daley's tenure, Puerto Ricans in Lincoln Park (the first hub of Puerto Ricans in Chicago) and several Mexican communities were evicted from prime real estate areas near the Loop, lakefront, Old Town, Lakeview and Lincoln Park. Chicago wanted to avoid paying for extra services and to increase property tax revenues. The Young Lords realized urban renewal was evicting Latino and poor families from their neighborhoods and witnessed police abuses. Some became involved in the Puerto Rican June 1966 Division Street Riots in Wicker Park and Humboldt Park.[1] After the 1968 Democratic Convention protests which took place next to the Lincoln Park Neighborhood, is when the Young Lords joined with others and were reorganized by the founder Jose Cha Cha Jimenez into the more inclusively broader civil and human rights movement. [2] Puerto Rican self-determination and the displacement of Puerto Ricans and poor residents became the primary organizing focus of the original movement. There were few Latino students or outspoken leadership at the time. Still the Young Lords were able to transform themselves,adding and training leadership, and organizing the broader Latino community.[3]
Multiple chapters sprouted nationwide following the example by the original chapter in Chicago with several loose branches forming in NYC, and along the East Coast. National headquarters in Chicago then asked a loose coalition of chapters in New York to form one regional branch. These all accepted neighborhood empowerment and Puerto Rican self-determination as the unifying mission.[4] The national office headed by Jose Cha Cha Jimenez, gave approval because before the 1950's New York was the port of entry for immigrants and Puerto Ricans entering the continental U.S.
The Great Migrations of the late 40's spread Puerto Ricans into the mid west while sizable numbers continued to increase on the Eastern coast of the U.S. Today Florida also has a significant number living on the mainland today.Therefore in the 1960's it was natural that the most populated center of the Puerto Rican diaspora take on a major role. Nevertheless, the Young Lords originated from the transformed Lumpen Proletariat in Chicago who were able to mobilize various Puerto Rican social classes, and various ethnic People's within the United States including Puerto Rico.
The office in Chicago was attempting to construct a nationwide grassroots movement within the U.S. barrios, to unite Puerto Ricans and other Latinos, and to carry out its mission to free Puerto Rico. The New York regional chapter formed just ten months after the Chicago Young Lords Movement began in Lincoln Park, Chicago, and after this Young Lords movement had already gained national prominence leading protests against conditions faced by Puerto Ricans on the mainland. Because most were students in New York,and more established as a middle income community; media-savvy and adjacent to New York media centers; the New York chapter flourished and provided the needed support for national headquarters which then was being suppressed viciously by the F.B.I. and Mayor Richard J. Daley's Chicago city government. They helped Chicago catapult the movement to more prominence.[5]
National Headquarters' first action was the ransacking and closure of the Department of Urban Renewal office in Chicago. One year later, the New York chapter mounted a "Garbage Offensive" which sparked the opening of their chapter office. The offensives targeted local city governments and called for neighborhood control or empowerment of their areas. It linked other international movements with their primary mission to free Puerto Rico. In Chicago, the Young Lords also mounted occupations of local institutions within the Lincoln Park neighborhood. It was to pressure institutions to support low income housing for working families. These actions spread the group nation wide. New York had first read about the Chicago Young Lords in an issue of the Black Panther newspaper which spoke also about actions for Puerto Rican and Latino self-determination, and the increasing repression of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez and the national office. The east coast then followed the pattern set by People's Church in Chicago and conducted their own takeover of the First Spanish United Methodist Church in East Harlem [4] After a couple of weeks over 100 members were arrested. Chicago visited during the take-over and asked them not to resist arrests to avoid bloodshed.
The New York occupation took place after the sit-in at Chicago's Grant Hospital, the take-over of People's Park, the occupation of McCormick Seminary and the June, 1969 occupation of Chicago's People's Church.The Young Lords set up free community programs.[6] United Methodist Pastor Rev. Bruce Johnson, who retained his church was part of the North Side Cooperative Ministry that worked on social justice concerns. They were able to direct funds to support the Young Lords programs. The assistant pastor of the Young Lords People's Church in Chicago, Rev.Sergio Herrera, was of Cuban ancestry and initially did not agree with the Young Lords' church occupation nor the murals of Che Guevara and Don Pedro Albizú Campos. He did later participate in all the neighborhood events. The day after the May 1969 Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church occupation, the Young Lords immediately set up programs inside People's Church. It remained a church but also the Young Lords National Headquarters for nearly two years. On September 29, 1969,the church's pastor and his wife, Reverend Bruce Johnson and Eugenia Ransier Johnson, were both found murdered in their parsonage home several blocks away. They were discovered stabbed multiple times in a cold case that has yet to be solved with the Young Lords continuing to call for an investigation. The assistant Pastor,U.M.C. Rev. Sergio Herrera was transferred soon afterwards to Los Angeles. He too soon after was also discovered murdered. The timing of the murders of U.M.C. Pastor Rev. Bruce Johnson and his wife, and the assistant Pastor, Rev. Sergio Herrera were connected to their work with the Young Lords, and only two months before the death of Black Panther Fred Hampton in a police raid on December 4, 1969 with whom the Young Lords were connected via the Rainbow Coalition. Threats and letters to Bishop Pryor to oust the two U.M.C. ministers and the Young Lords were being made by the Alderman George Barr McCutheon and members of the Lincoln Park Conservation Association that were in a group called United People to Inform Good Doers(UPTIGD).Several letters exist in their collection at the De Paul University archives. The court also fined People's Church $200 a day for everyday the free day care center remained open. Since then the Young Lords have held several events including neighborhood tours to the old Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church (now a Walgreens) calling for a full investigation.
Expansion[edit]
New York City, where one-fourth of Puerto Ricans then lived, and Chicago were the two largest Puerto Rican hubs. Puerto Rican mainland communities also developed elsewhere during the Great Puerto Rican Migration of the 1950s, so in 1969, subsequent branches organized themselves in Philadelphia, Connecticut, New Jersey, Boston, Milwaukee, Hayward (California), San Diego, Los Angeles, and Puerto Rico.
Their newspapers, The Young Lord, Pitirre, and Pa'lante (a contraction of "Para adelante", "Forward"), reported on their increasingly militant activities. Today, back issues of some of them are housed at DePaul University's Special Collections and Archives.[7] Over 120 oral histories entitled "Young Lords in Lincoln Park" are housed at Grand Valley State University in Michigan and accessible via the web.
Besides the National Black Panther Party Office of Oakland,CA and the Illinois Chapter of the Panthers in Chicago, which was where they integrated into the Rainbow Coalition by Fred Hampton, the Young Lords were also in local coalitions with the Northside Cooperative Ministry and the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition. The Young Lords organized conferences and marches calling for Puerto Rican independence.
The Young Lords grew into a national movement under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez alongside activists like Angela Lind Adorno,Alberto Chavarria, Marta Chavarria, Andres Nunez,Edwin Diaz,Jose (Cosmoe )Torres, Eddie Ramirez, Raul Lugo,Juan Gonzalez,Felipe Luciano, Iris Morales, Judy Cordero, Denise Oliver,Pablo Yoruba Guzman, Hilda Ignatin, Maria Romero,Omar López,David Rivera,Dr. Tony Baez,Richie Pérez, and Juan Fi Ortiz among others.
By May 1970, the New York section followed its then Central Committee and decided to break away from the national Young Lords' office in Chicago and renamed their new group the Young Lords Party. The separation was never a hostile one and had more to do with the rapid development of the group or "growing pains," a natural friendly competition between cities, and primarily by infiltration and repression by government groups that were trying to create conflict between the chapters to divide and destroy the newly formed movement. Branches in New Jersey (Newark and Jersey City), Boston, Philadelphia and Bridgeport, Connecticut remained affiliated with New York as they were the regional chapter. All the other chapters remained with national headquarters in Chicago. It was a major blow for the Puerto Rican liberation movement and a major separation of the organization. It was the same situation that was then occurring within other movements such as the Black Panthers, Students for a Democratic Society, The Young Patriots and the American Indian Movement, as revealed in COINTELPRO documents.[8] All the other Young Lords chapters across the United States remained tied to national headquarters in Chicago.
Women in the Young Lords Party participated in community organizing and constructing newspapers and articles against sexism and patriarchal structures. One of the major documents regarding women in the Young Lords Party was the "Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women", published in 1970, and later included in The Young Lords: A Reader (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer (see external links below for the full text of that book).
The Young Lords in New York and Chicago continued to grow in numbers and influence from 1968 to 1983 where Jose Cha Cha Jimenez introduced the newly elected African American mayor to Chicago, Harold Washington before a June crowd the Young Lords helped organized in Humboldt Park, Chicago of 100,000 Puerto Ricans.
Social action[edit]
The Young Lords' supported independence for Puerto Rico, all Latino nations and oppressed nations of the world and also neighborhood empowerment. This is clear by the original symbol with a map of Puerto Rico and a brown fist holding up a rifle and the purple lettering reading, "Tengo Puerto Rico en mi Corazon" ("I have Puerto Rico in my heart"). They saw themselves as a people's struggle, a vanguard connected with the masses. It is why they began in Chicago fighting against the displacement of Puerto Ricans from Lincoln Park. While the national symbol and YLO (Young Lords Organization) appeared on buttons nationwide, the New York chapter was beginning their local "Garbage Offensive." This was a direct focus on city government to pick up garbage and clean up the streets. Organizers had spent weeks cleaning up garbage that the city was not picking up and needed additional brooms, shovels, trash bags, and other clean-up supplies.They asked the New York City Department of Sanitation for assistance and were refused. Disgruntled, they blocked 3rd Avenue traffic at 110th, 111th, and 112th Street.[9] The Young Lords also addressed other local and nationwide issues of police injustice, health care, tenants' rights, free breakfast for children, free day care, and a more accurate Latino education. The original urban renewal campaign was framed by the Chicago office as the modern day land question. It was inspired by Emiliano Zapata who said, "all revolutions are based on land."
The Young Lords created community projects similar to those of the Black Panthers, but with a Latino flavor, such as the free breakfast program for children, the Emeterio Betances free health clinic, community testing for tuberculosis, lead-poisoning testing, free clothing drives, cultural events and Puerto Rican history classes. In Chicago, they also set up a free dental clinic and a free community day care center. There was also work on prison solidarity for incarcerated Puerto Ricans and for the rights of Vietnam War veterans. The female leadership in New York pushed the Young Lords to fight for women's rights. In Chicago, it was a sub-group within the Young Lords led by Hilda Ignatin, Judy Cordero and Angela Adorno called (M.A.O.) Mothers And Others, that organized around women's rights and helped to educate the male members and the community at large.
The Young Lords carried out many direct-action occupations of vacant land, hospitals, churches and other institutions to demand that they operate programs for the poor. This included a campaign to force the City of New York to increase garbage pick-up in Spanish Harlem. In Chicago, the seven-day McCormick Theological Seminary take-over, won Lincoln Park residents $650,000 to be used for low-income housing. The four-month People's Park camp-out/take-over, at Halsted and Armitage Avenue by 350 community residents, prevented the construction of a for-profit tennis court where low-income persons once lived in affordable housing. In New York, much of their local health-care activism was carried out by a mass organization they formed with the Health Revolutionary Unity Movement (HRUM). In Chicago, the Young Lords' health program was coordinated by Dr. Jack Johns, Quentin Young, Ana Lucas, and Alberto and Marta Chavarria who also worked with a Black Panther-led coalition under "Doc" Satchell to recruit medical-student organizations like the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) which advocated for health care for the poor.
Cultural influence[edit]
The Young Lords inspired young political and community leaders, professionals and artists, forming part of a Puerto Rican cultural renaissance in the 1970s within the continental United States. In New York City, it was locally known as the Nuyorican Movement although it was part of a nationwide development within the Puerto Rican Diaspora. It included poetry and music. In New York, Felipe Luciano, already a well-known poet within black nationalist circles in Harlem, became the Deputy Chairman of the New York regional chapter. He was soon expelled for male chauvinism and opportunism by the later Young Lords Party, though the National Young Lords Headquarters in Chicago never recognized the expulsion. He recited many poems that he wrote while a member of The Last Poets, including Jíbaro, Un Rifle Oración and Hey Now. The poet Pedro Pietri wrote and publicly recited his poems "Puerto Rican Obituary" and "Suicide Note of a Cockroach in a Low Income Project" at New York Young Lord events. Alfredo Matias wrote poems about Afro-Boricua pride and David Hernández also of Chicago recited La Armitage about the Chicago street that became the downtown for Puerto Ricans and the Young Lords. This street extended from Lincoln Park to Humboldt Park and beyond. The song "Qué Bonita Bandera" ("What a Beautiful Flag") was written by Pepe y Flora in Puerto Rico and was adopted by the Young Lords as their anthem. It was sung live many times during the take-over of McCormick Theological Seminary and the People's Church in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood along with the later occupation of the New York People's Church in Spanish Harlem.
Repression[edit]
The Young Lords were a target of the FBI's COINTELPRO, which had long harassed Puerto Rican independence groups.[10] The New York-Chicago schism mirrored the "Divide and Conquer" divisions within other New Left groups like the Black Panther Party, Students for a Democratic Society, Brown Berets and many other new left movements. All of these organizations were repressed. At first, the splits were believed to be the result of growing pains, as this movement was very young and spread quickly. But it is now documented that it was primarily due to police infiltration by informants and provocateurs, and planned and shaped by the ongoing undercover work of the FBI's COINTELPRO. The leaders were framed and discredited by the Mayor Richard J. Daley forces and the FBI.They were beaten, given high bonds, imprisoned, harassed, scapegoated and made to look demonic to the public. The entire Chicago leadership was forced underground in order to reorganize itself before being destroyed completely. Tactics against the movements included negative rumor campaigns, pitting groups against each other and the creation of factionalism, distrust and personality conflicts. In Chicago, COINTELPRO created an official anti-Rainbow Coalition component. Members were interviewed in public view in front of the church. The Red Squad was also parked 24 hours a day in front of the national headquarters. Other harassment included inciting quarrels between spouses and between members and allies. The founder and chairman, Jose Cha Cha Jimenez became the main target and not only was indicted 18 times in a six-week period for felony charges such as assault and battery on police to mob action; he was kept in the county jail, or in court rooms fighting the charges, and received constant death threats.The intent was to cripple the organization. While the Young Lords advocated armed strategies similar to those advocated by the Black Panthers, it was as a right of self-defense, and rarely arose. It did after the shooting of Manuel Ramos and the implications of police foul play in the circumstances surrounding the beating death of José (Pancho) Lind, the supposed suicide of Julio Roldán in the custody of the NYPD and the fatal stabbings in Chicago of the United Methodist Church Rev. Bruce Johnson and his wife Eugenia.The Johnson's continued to pastor in Sunday services in Lincoln Park at the Young Lord's first People's Church in Chicago. The Young Lords also accused the FBI CointelPro of killing Young Lord members.[11]
The Young Lords were working within their communities to provide resources that they felt were withheld from them, similar to the Brown Berets and the Black Panther Party. Their overall goals were to demonstrate efforts that would help others become aware of the oppression they were facing, as well as helping others understand the struggle of many Puerto Rican men and women, while teaching the history behind the movement. The book The Young Lords: A Reader (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer (see external links below for the full text of that book) explains the purpose, goals, and tactics of the Young Lords New York chapter: "Puerto Ricans have suffered as a group, racially and culturally, not as individuals. Therefore the fight against amerikkkanism must be a group struggle" (Darrel Enck-Wanzer, p. 134).[12] Through this passage, the author is trying to convey his deeper message that Puerto Ricans have been oppressed overall as a group, and that each person that identifies as Puerto Ricans has suffered, while feeling the pain for their fellow Puerto Rican brothers, sisters, friends, and close relatives. Puerto Ricans must fight for their nation against American colonialism and to empower its people who live in the diaspora by organizing and educating those in the barrios. They also need to be made aware about the repression that took place in Chicago while the Young Lords were being formed in the neighborhood of Lincoln Park.
Decline and aftermath[edit]
By 1973, the Young Lords had been crippled. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez was on the run, underground along with most of the national leadership. While underground Jiménez set up an underground training school at a farm near Tomah, Wisconsin. Many central committee members moved there. Many other members independently continued to pursue self-determination for Puerto Rico and other nations, as well as neighborhood empowerment. In Chicago, the Young Lords resurfaced after two and a half years in the underground training camp.After Jimenez served a year while fighting the remaining seventeen cases, the Young Lords ran him for alderman of the 46th Ward against Mayor Daley's machine candidate, claiming the campaign was just an organizing tool for change. Meanwhile, the New York Young Lords and other chapters had helped to fill the void of a national headquarters crippled under direct attack and forced underground.
Not long after leaving Cook County Jail, is when the Young Lords ran the Jiménez 1975 aldermanic campaign.[13] Jose Cha Cha Jimenez garnered 39% of the vote against the Democratic candidate, Chris Cohen, opening the door for later Latino candidates. It also brought back the symbolic Rainbow Coalition formed by Black Panthers, Young Patriots, Young Lords and later other groups and communities.
In 1982 in Chicago, the Young Lords were the first Latino group to join with and organize the first major Latino event for the successful campaign of the first African-American mayor, Harold Washington. Soon after Washington's victory, Cha Cha Jiménez introduced this new mayor to a crowd of 100,000 Puerto Ricans in Humboldt Park in June 1983. That day the Young Lords gave out 30,000 buttons with "Tengo Puerto Rico En Mi Corazon" inscribed on them. In the fall of 1995, Chicago Young Lords' Tony Baez, Carlos Flores, Angel Del Rivero, Omar López and Angie Lind Adorno were brought together again by Jose Cha Cha Jimenez to form the Lincoln Park Project to begin to collect the history of the movement. They archived the history of the Young Lords and documented the displaced Latinos and poor of their birthplace: the Lincoln Park Neighborhood. To show support for the Puerto Rican Vieques campers and to continue the struggle for Puerto Rican independence as well as against the displacement of Puerto Ricans and other poor within the Diaspora, the Young Lords organized Lincoln Park Camp on September 23, 2002, near Grand Rapids, Michigan. Over 120 people camped out in cabins together, for the weekend.
Many Young Lords showed support for the freed Puerto Rican nationalist leaders and urban guerrilla groups like the Macheteros. Others later joined more explicitly Maoist formations, like the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Party, and others went on to provide the leadership of the National Congress for Puerto Rican Rights (NCPRR). Some worked within the media, such as Juan González of the New York Daily News and Democracy Now!, Pablo "Yoruba" Guzmán at WCBS-TV New York, Felipe Luciano and Miguel "Mickey" Meléndez of WBAI-FM New York.
Legacy[edit]
The documentary Palante, Siempre Palante! The Young Lords, produced by Young Lord Iris Morales, aired on PBS in 1996. In 2015, a retrospective “¡Presente! The Young Lords in New York,” was held in New York City.[14]
In 2001, Omar López, Minister of Information of the Young Lords was asked by the Lincoln Park Project to donate a small amount of archival material which had been used in the Young Lords newspapers. They were being stored in his basement DePaul University’s Special Collections and Archives Department and a portion of the archival materials were digitized as part of DePaul's Digital Collection. In 2012 it was the 120 oral, audio and visual histories or the Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection, collected by Jose Cha Cha Jimenez and housed at Seidman College of Grand Valley State University [2] that became another of several times that the national office of the Young Lords have re-surfaced as a group; including being underground in Tomah, Wisconsin, the aldermanic campaign in Lakeview, Chicago, the Harold Washington Campaign in Humboldt Park, Chicago,Lincoln Park Camps, and the archival projects in Grand Rapids,MI.
In 2010, New York University Press published The Young Lords: A Reader which was edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer and includes a foreword by former Young Lords Iris Morales and Denise Oliver-Vélez. The book offers a look into the Young Lords New York chapter through primary documents such as speeches and articles from Pa'lante, the Young Lords Newspaper, interviews, posters, and photographs.[9] See external links below for the full text of that book.
See also[edit]
Puerto Rican Independence Party
Women of the Young Lords
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Perez,Gina M. "The Near Northwest Side Story:Migration,Displacement and Puerto Rican Families" 2005
Jump up ^ [1] "Young Lords in Lincoln Park: oral history collection," Grand Valley State University| special collections
Jump up ^ Jeffries,Judson "From Gang-bangers to Urban Revolutionaries: The Young Lords of Chicago," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (Autumn 2003)
^ Jump up to: a b Jennifer 8. Lee, "The Young Lords' Legacy of Puerto Rican Activism", New York Times, City Room blog, Aug. 24 2009.
Jump up ^ " Grand Valley State University,"
Jump up ^ Chicago Sun Times| Boyer, Brian D." Gangs Day Care Center to open"| August 22, 1969
Jump up ^ Collection on the Young Lords. DePaul University Special Collections and Archives. Accessed 15 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Churchill, Ward & Wall, Jim V. "The Cointelpro Papers" 1990
^ Jump up to: a b Enck-Wanzer, Darrel (2010). The Young Lords: A Reader. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814722428.
Jump up ^ Origins of the Young Lords, nationalyounglords.com
Jump up ^ Haas, Jeffery " The assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police murdered a Black Panther" | 2009
Jump up ^ https://www.marxists.org/history//erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf
Jump up ^ Lerner Newspapers Klement, Alice "Young Lords Leader Eying 1975 Aldermanic seat" March 16, 1974
Jump up ^ Kargbo, Connie (September 19, 2015). "Puerto Rican radical group Young Lords retake NYC in museum exhibit".
Further reading[edit]
Abramson, Michael et al. Palante: Young Lords Party. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1971.
González, Juan. Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America. New York: Penguin, 2001.
Jeffries, Judson. "From Gang-bangers to Urban Revolutionaries: The Young Lords of Chicago," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 96, no. 3 (Autumn 2003), pp. 288–304.
Melendez, Miguel "Mickey," We Took the Streets: Fighting for Latino Rights with the Young Lords. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.
Wanzer-Serrano, Darrel. The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2015.
Wanzer, Darrel Enck-. The Young Lords: A Reader. Foreword by Iris Morales and Denise Oliver-Velez. New York University Press, 2010.
External links[edit]
External video
From Garbage Offensives to Occupying Churches, Actions of the Young Lords Continue to Inspire, Democracy Now, September 23, 2015
Rev. Bruce and Eugenia Ransier Johnson
Lords and Eagles
Young Lords Origins
Young Lords
Young Lords in Lincoln Park
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&oldid=815213016"
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