text:
I'm Still Standing
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For the 2012 book, see I'm Still Standing (book).
"I'm Still Standing"
Single by Elton John
from the album Too Low for Zero
B-side
"Love So Cold" (US)
"Earn While You Learn" (UK)
Released
3 July 1983
Format
Vinyl record (7")
Recorded
September 1982
Genre
Rock
Length
3:03
Label
Geffen (US); Rocket (UK)
Songwriter(s)
Elton John (music), Bernie Taupin (lyrics)
Producer(s)
Chris Thomas
Elton John singles chronology
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(1983) "I'm Still Standing"
(1983) "Kiss the Bride"
(1983)
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(1983) "I'm Still Standing"
(1983) "Kiss the Bride"
(1983)
Too Low for Zero track listing
"Cold as Christmas (In the Middle of the Year)"
(1) "I'm Still Standing"
(2) "Too Low for Zero"
(3)
"I'm Still Standing" is a song by British rock musician Elton John, from his Platinum-certified 1983 album, Too Low for Zero.[1] John said this was "my reaction to still being relevant and successful in the early 1980s, post-Punk and with the New-Romantics creeping in."
Contents
[hide]
1 Song
2 Promotional video
3 Cover versions
4 Live cover performances
5 Track listing
6 Personnel
7 Chart performance
7.1 Weekly charts
7.2 Year-end charts
8 Certifications
9 References
10 External links
Song[edit]
Helped in part by a video promoting the song on then-new MTV, "I'm Still Standing" became a big hit for John on both sides of the Atlantic, peaking at #1 in Canada[2] and Switzerland,[3] #4 in the UK,[4] and #12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.[5]
Promotional video[edit]
The video, directed by Russell Mulcahy, was shot in Cannes (InterContinental Carlton Cannes) and Nice on the Côte d'Azur in France and features the colors of the French flag.
Bruno Tonioli, later a judge on the hit shows Strictly Come Dancing for BBC (UK) and its American adaptation, Dancing with the Stars for ABC in the US, appears as one of the dancers in the video.
It was due to be shot over the course of two days, but a camera full of the first day's film was ruined when Mulcahy accidentally fell into the sea with it. Therefore, it had to be filmed again on another day.
During the shoot for the video, John came across Duran Duran. He complained he was exhausted at having been up since 4 o'clock in the morning. Simon Le Bon decided John should have a martini. "So I did," John later recalled, "I had six."[6]
In his book Wild Boy: My Life in Duran Duran, Andy Taylor talks of the experience:
There were lots of celebrities around in Cannes and one day we discovered that Elton John was in town, filming the video for his song I'm Still Standing. This was before Elton became teetotal, so he was still a steaming party animal; we went up to see him at his hotel and spent the afternoon getting blasted on Martinis. We decided it would be a laugh to get him drunk and we were slinging the drinks down him 'Ooh, you are lovely boys,' he screeched, loving every minute of it. We got him so drunk that eventually he went upstairs and threw a wobbler in his suite. It caused all sorts of chaos – but it was a great party.[7]
The next morning, John awoke with a hangover and wandered into his personal assistant's room—which was "leveled"—and asked him "What happened?" His assistant laughed: "You happened!"[6]
Cover versions[edit]
Martha Wash covered the song on the soundtrack to The First Wives Club.
The song was featured in an episode of the short-lived TV musical series, Viva Laughlin, and performed by the character A.J, in the musical Love Shack.
The song was covered on Glee in the third-season episode "Big Brother" that aired 10 April 2012, as a duet by Dianna Agron and Kevin McHale. Blake Jenner covered this song as a last chance performance on season 2 of The Glee Project.
A ten-second-long novelty grindcore cover of the song appears on Anal Cunt's 1995 album, Top 40 Hits.
Fearless Vampire Killers perform a live cover
Taron Egerton performed the song, as his character Johnny, in the 2016 animated musical Sing and its soundtrack.
Live cover performances[edit]
The song has been covered four times on the UK version of The X Factor: by Lloyd Daniels in the sixth series, Wagner in the seventh series, Christopher Maloney in series 9 and Stevi Ritche in series 11. Diana DeGarmo and Naima Adedapo also performed the song in the third and tenth seasons of American Idol, respectively.
Track listing[edit]
US 7" single
"I'm Still Standing" - 3:00
"Love So Cold" - 5:08
UK 7" single
"I'm Still Standing" - 3:00
"Earn While You Learn" - 6:42
This single was also available as a picture disc shaped as a piano.
UK 12" single
"I'm Still Standing" (extended version) – 3:45
"Earn While You Learn" - 6:42
Personnel[edit]
Elton John – piano, synthesizer, vocals
Davey Johnstone – electric guitars, backing vocals
Dee Murray – bass guitar, backing vocals
Nigel Olsson – drums, backing vocals
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1983)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[8] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[9] 11
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[10] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[11] 10
Ireland (IRMA)[12] 2
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[13] 16
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[14] 8
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[15] 30
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[16] 9
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[17] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[18] 4
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 12
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[20] 28
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[21] 34
US Cash Box Top 100[22] 18
Chart (2018)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [23] 52
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1983)
Rank
Australia (Kent Music Report)[24] 19
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[25] 45
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[26] 12
UK Singles (Official Single Charts)[27] 49
US Billboard Hot 100[28] 74
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[29]
Silver 250,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cassata, Mary Anne (2002). The Elton John Scrapbook. Citadel Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8065-2322-4.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles – Volume 38, No. 20, July 16 1983". Collections Canada. 16 July 1983. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – I'm Still Standing". Swiss Singles Chart (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100 – 21 August 1983 – 27 August 1983". UK Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Chart History". Billboard Hot 100. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Anecdotage – Still Standing? Archived 28 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Cocaine, trampolining topless models and Martinis with Elton – Duran Duran, the wild boys of pop | Mail Online
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – CHART POSITIONS PRE 1989". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Elton John – I'm Still Standing" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 6261." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Elton John – I'm Still Standing". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – I'm Still Standing". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Elton John – I'm Still Standing" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 30, 1983" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Elton John – I'm Still Standing". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1965–1989 Acts J". The South African Rock Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Elton John – I'm Still Standing". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Elton John Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Billboard July 16, 1983" (PDF). Billboard. New York, NY, USA. 16 July 1983. p. 27. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Elton John Chart History (Mainstream Rock)". Billboard. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending JULY 2, 1983". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2017. . Cash Box magazine.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 6699." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1983". Swiss Singles Chart (in German). Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Scapin, Peter, ed. (1984). "Top 100 singles: 1983". BPI Year Book 1984. British Phonographic Industry. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-906154-04-9.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1983". Billboard Hot 100. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Elton John – I'm Still Standing". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 23 June 2016. Enter I'm Still Standing in the search field and then press Enter.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Elton John songs
1960s and 1970s
"Skyline Pigeon" (1968)
"I've Been Loving You" (1968)
"Lady Samantha" (1969)
"It's Me That You Need" (1969)
"Border Song" (1970)
"Rock and Roll Madonna" (1970)
"From Denver to L.A." (1970)
"Take Me to the Pilot" (1970)
"Your Song" (1970)
"Friends" (1971)
"Levon" (1971)
"Tiny Dancer" (1972)
"Rocket Man" (1972)
"Honky Cat" (1972)
"I Think I'm Going to Kill Myself" (1972)
"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters" (1972)
"Crocodile Rock" (1972)
"Elderberry Wine" (1972)
"Daniel" (1972)
"Teacher I Need You" (1973)
"Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding" (1973)
"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" (1973)
"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" (1973)
"Step into Christmas" (1973)
"Candle in the Wind" (1974)
"Bennie and the Jets" (1974)
"Harmony" (1974)
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (1974)
"The Bitch Is Back" (1974)
"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (1974)
"Philadelphia Freedom" (1975)
"I Saw Her Standing There" (1975)
"Someone Saved My Life Tonight" (1975)
"Island Girl" (1975)
"Grow Some Funk of Your Own" (1976)
"I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)" (1976)
"Pinball Wizard" (1976)
"Don't Go Breaking My Heart" (1976)
"Cage the Songbird" (1976)
"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" (1976)
"Bite Your Lip (Get Up and Dance!)" (1977)
"Crazy Water" (1977)
"The Goaldiggers Song" (1977)
"Ego" (1978)
"Part-Time Love" (1978)
"Song for Guy" (1978)
"Are You Ready for Love" (1979)
"Mama Can't Buy You Love" (1979)
"Johnny B. Goode" (1979)
1980s
"Little Jeannie" (1980)
"Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)" (1980)
"Dear God" (1980)
"Whatever Gets You thru the Night" (1981)
"Nobody Wins" (1981)
"Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever" (with Kiki Dee, 1981)
"Blue Eyes" (1982)
"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)" (1982)
"Ball and Chain" (1982)
"All Quiet on the Western Front" (1982)
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (1983)
"I'm Still Standing" (1983)
"Sad Songs (Say So Much)" (1984)
"Passengers" (1984)
"Nikita" (1985)
"That's What Friends Are For" (1985)
"Wrap Her Up" (1985)
"Take Me to the Pilot" (1988)
"I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That" (1988)
"Town of Plenty" (1988)
"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters (Part Two)" (1988)
"Healing Hands" (1989)
"Sacrifice" (1989)
1990s
"Club at the End of the Street" (1990)
"You Gotta Love Someone" (1990)
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (1991)
"The One" (1992)
"Runaway Train" (1992)
"The Last Song" (1992)
"Simple Life" (1993)
"True Love" (1993)
"Shakey Ground" (1994)
"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" (1994)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (1994)
"Circle of Life" (1994)
"Believe" (1995)
"Made in England" (1995)
"When the Money's Gone" (1995)
"You Can Make History (Young Again)" (1996)
"The Madness of King Scar" (1997)
"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (1997)
"Candle in the Wind 1997" (1997)
"Written in the Stars" (1999)
2000s
"I Want Love" (2001)
"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore" (2002)
"Original Sin" (2002)
"Are You Ready for Love" (2003)
"Ghetto Gospel" (2005)
"Electricity" (2005)
"The Bridge" (2006)
"Joseph, Better You than Me" (2008)
"Tiny Dancer (Hold Me Closer)" (2009)
Related articles
Albums discography
Videography
Book:Elton John
Category:Elton John
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_Still_Standing&oldid=832239885"
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text:
The Feminine Mystique
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Feminine Mystique
Author
Betty Friedan
Country
United States
Language
English
Subject
Feminism
Publisher
W. W. Norton and Co.
Publication date
February 19, 1963[1]
Media type
Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
Pages
239
ISBN
0-393-32257-2
The Feminine Mystique is a book written by Betty Friedan which is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States.[2] It was published on February 19, 1963 by W. W. Norton.
In 1957, Friedan was asked to conduct a survey of her former Smith College classmates for their 15th anniversary reunion; the results, in which she found that many of them were unhappy with their lives as housewives, prompted her to begin research for The Feminine Mystique, conducting interviews with other suburban housewives, as well as researching psychology, media, and advertising. She originally intended to publish an article on the topic, not a book, but no magazine would publish her article.[3][4]
During the year of 1964, The Feminine Mystique became the bestselling nonfiction book with over one million copies sold.[5][6] In this book, Friedan challenged the widely shared belief in 1950s that "fulfillment as a woman had only one definition for American women after 1949—the housewife-mother."[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Intended sequel
3 Influences
4 Legacy
5 Criticism
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Betty Friedan
The Feminine Mystique begins with an introduction describing what Friedan called "the problem that has no name"—the widespread unhappiness of women in the 1950s and early 1960s. It discusses the lives of several housewives from around the United States who were unhappy despite living in material comfort and being married with children.[7] Furthermore, Friedan questioned the women's magazine, women's education system and advertisers for creating this widespread image of women. The detrimental effects induced by this image was that it narrowed women into the domestic sphere and led many women to lose their own identities.[6]
Chapter 1: Friedan points out that the average age of marriage was dropping, the portion of women attending college was decreasing and the birthrate was increasing for women throughout the 1950s, yet the widespread trend of unhappy women persisted, although American culture insisted that fulfillment for women could be found in marriage and housewifery. Although aware of and sharing this dissatisfaction, women in the 1950s misinterpreted it as an individual problem and rarely talked about it with other women. As Friedan pointed out, "part of the strange newness of the problem is that it cannot be understood in terms of the age-old material problems of man: poverty, sickness, hunger, cold." This chapter concludes by declaring "We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: 'I want something more than my husband and my children and my home.'"[8]
Chapter 2: Friedan states that the editorial decisions concerning women's magazines at the time were being made mostly by men, who insisted on stories and articles that showed women as either happy housewives or unhappy careerists, thus creating the "feminine mystique"—the idea that women were naturally fulfilled by devoting their lives to being housewives and mothers. Friedan also states that this is in contrast to the 1930s, at which time women's magazines often featured confident and independent heroines, many of whom were involved in careers.[9]
Chapter 3: Friedan recalls her own decision to conform to society's expectations by giving up her promising career in psychology to raise children, and shows that other young women still struggled with the same kind of decision. Many women dropped out of school early to marry, afraid that if they waited too long or became too educated, they would not be able to attract a husband. Friedan argues at the end of the chapter that although theorists discuss how men need to find their identity, women are expected to be autonomous. She states, "Anatomy is woman's destiny, say the theorists of femininity; the identity of woman is determined by her biology."[10] Friedan goes on to argue that the problem is women needing to mature and find their human identity. She argues, "In a sense that goes beyond any woman's life, I think this is a crisis of women growing up—a turning point from an immaturity that has been called femininity to full human identity."[10]
Chapter 4: Friedan discusses early American feminists and how they fought against the assumption that the proper role of a woman was to be solely a wife and mother. She notes that they secured important rights for women, including education, the right to pursue a career, and the right to vote.[11]
Chapter 5: In this chapter, called "The Sexual Solipsism of Sigmund Freud", Friedan, who had a degree in psychology, criticizes Sigmund Freud (whose ideas were very influential in America at the time of her book's publication). She notes that Freud saw women as childlike and as destined to be housewives, once pointing out that Freud wrote, "I believe that all reforming action in law and education would break down in front of the fact that, long before the age at which a man can earn a position in society, Nature has determined woman's destiny through beauty, charm, and sweetness. Law and custom have much to give women that has been withheld from them, but the position of women will surely be what it is: in youth an adored darling and in mature years a loved wife." Friedan also points out that Freud's unproven concept of "penis envy" had been used to label women who wanted careers as neurotic, and that the popularity of Freud's work and ideas elevated the "feminine mystique" of female fulfillment in housewifery into a "scientific religion" that most women were not educated enough to criticize.[12]
Chapter 6: Friedan criticizes functionalism, which attempted to make the social sciences more credible by studying the institutions of society as if they were parts of a social body, as in biology. Institutions were studied in terms of their function in society, and women were confined to their sexual biological roles as housewives and mothers as well as being told that doing otherwise would upset the social balance. Friedan points out that this is unproven and that Margaret Mead, a prominent functionalist, had a flourishing career as an anthropologist.[11]
Chapter 7: Friedan discusses the change in women's education from the 1940s to the early 1960s, in which many women's schools concentrated on non-challenging classes that focused mostly on marriage, family, and other subjects deemed suitable for women, as educators influenced by functionalism felt that too much education would spoil women's femininity and capacity for sexual fulfillment. Friedan says that this change in education arrested girls in their emotional development at a young age, because they never had to face the painful identity crisis and subsequent maturation that comes from dealing with many adult challenges.[11]
Chapter 8: Friedan notes that the uncertainties and fears during World War II and the Cold War made Americans long for the comfort of home, so they tried to create an idealized home life with the father as breadwinner and the mother as housewife.[13] Friedan notes that this was helped along by the fact that many of the women who worked during the war filling jobs previously filled by men faced dismissal, discrimination, or hostility when the men returned, and that educators blamed over-educated, career-focused mothers for the maladjustment of soldiers in World War II. Yet as Friedan shows, later studies found that overbearing mothers, not careerists, were the ones who raised maladjusted children.[11]
Chapter 9: Friedan shows that advertisers tried to encourage housewives to think of themselves as professionals who needed many specialized products in order to do their jobs, while discouraging housewives from having actual careers, since that would mean they would not spend as much time and effort on housework and therefore would not buy as many household products, cutting into advertisers' profits.[11]
Chapter 10: Friedan interviews several full-time housewives, finding that although they are not fulfilled by their housework, they are all extremely busy with it. She postulates that these women unconsciously stretch their home duties to fill the time available, because the feminine mystique has taught women that this is their role, and if they ever complete their tasks they will become unneeded.[11]
Chapter 11: Friedan notes that many housewives have sought fulfillment in sex, unable to find it in housework and children; Friedan notes that sex cannot fulfill all of a person's needs, and that attempts to make it do so often drive married women to have affairs or drive their husbands away as they become obsessed with sex.[11]
Chapter 12: Friedan discusses the fact that many children have lost interest in life or emotional growth, attributing the change to the mother's own lack of fulfillment, a side effect of the feminine mystique. When the mother lacks a self, Friedan notes, she often tries to live through her children, causing the children to lose their own sense of themselves as separate human beings with their own lives.[11]
Chapter 13: Friedan discusses Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and notes that women have been trapped at the basic, physiological level, expected to find their identity through their sexual role alone. Friedan says that women need meaningful work just as men do to achieve self-actualization, the highest level on the hierarchy of needs.[11]
Chapter 14: In the final chapter of The Feminine Mystique, Friedan discusses several case studies of women who have begun to go against the feminine mystique. She also advocates a new life plan for her women readers, including not viewing housework as a career, not trying to find total fulfillment through marriage and motherhood alone, and finding meaningful work that uses their full mental capacity. She discusses the conflicts that some women may face in this journey to self-actualization, including their own fears and resistance from others. For each conflict, Friedan offers examples of women who have overcome it. Friedan ends her book by promoting education and meaningful work as the ultimate method by which American women can avoid becoming trapped in the feminine mystique, calling for a drastic rethinking of what it means to be feminine, and offering several educational and occupational suggestions.[11]
Intended sequel[edit]
Friedan originally intended to write a sequel to The Feminine Mystique, which was to be called Woman: The Fourth Dimension, but instead only wrote an article by that name, which appeared in the Ladies' Home Journal in June 1964.[14][15]
Influences[edit]
Friedan's chapter on "The Sexual Solipsism of Sigmund Freud" was inspired by Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex.[16]
Legacy[edit]
The Feminine Mystique drew large numbers of white, middle-class women to the feminist cause.[17] Her book "took the complicated and jargon-laden ideas of psychologists, economists, and political theorists, and translated them into powerful, readable, relatable prose that touched millions."
Politicians began to recognize the frustrations of women due in part to Betty Friedan and in 1963 the commission appointed to review the status of women recommended an end to inequities. Legislation followed and in 1963 The Equal Pay Act of 1963 stipulated that women receive the same pay as men for the same work.
NOW (The National Organization for Women) was organized in 1966 with 30 women from different backgrounds; Friedan was one of them, and helped draft the founding statement of NOW. The statement called for "the true equality for all women". NOW demanded the removal of all barriers to "equal and economic advance".[18] Friedan's influence can be seen in the founding statement; a main emphasis of the book is "women's need for identity and autonomy", and NOW's statement says "NOW is dedicated to the proposition that women first and foremost are human beings, who… must have the chance to develop their fullest human potential."[17]
The Feminine Mystique is widely regarded as one of the most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century, and is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States. Futurist Alvin Toffler declared that it "pulled the trigger on history."[2] Friedan received hundreds of letters from unhappy housewives after its publication, and she herself went on to help found, and become the first president of[19] the National Organization for Women, an influential feminist organization.[20] In addition to sparking the second wave of feminism, Friedan's book was widely recognized as a founding document of the third wave of feminism.[21] Third-wavers recognized the contribution The Feminine Mystique made to second wave feminism, and used it as a starting point as they expanded their platform to include women of color, low income women, and LGBTQ women.[22]
In addition to its obvious contribution to feminism, The Feminine Mystique related to many other coinciding movements. "Her work indicates for us the ways that feminism was interconnected with the struggles of working-class men and women, with black and Jewish battles against racism and anti-Semitism… As a result, The Feminine Mystique had substantial impact on a wide range of political activists, thinkers, and ordinary individuals."[23]
By the year 2000, The Feminine Mystique had sold more than 3 million copies and had been translated into many foreign languages.[2]
On February 22 and 23, 2013, a symposium titled React: The Feminine Mystique at 50, co-sponsored by The New School for Public Engagement and Parsons the New School for Design, was held.[24][25] An accompanying exhibit titled REACT was also on display, consisting of twenty-five pieces of artwork responding to The Feminine Mystique.[24]
Also in February 2013, a fiftieth-anniversary edition of The Feminine Mystique was published, with a new introduction by Gail Collins.[26]
Also in 2013, to celebrate its centennial the U.S. Department of Labor created a list of over 100 Books that Shaped Work in America, which included The Feminine Mystique.[27][28] The Department of Labor later chose The Feminine Mystique as one of its top ten books from that list.[28]
Also in 2013, The Feminine Mystique was discussed in Makers: Women Who Make America.[29]
In 2014 the Betty Friedan Hometown Tribute committee won the Superior Achievement award in the special projects category for its 50th anniversary celebration of the publication of The Feminine Mystique. They received the award from the Illinois State Historical Society.[30]
Criticism[edit]
From immediately after its publishing and continuing until even now, The Feminine Mystique has been the recipient of much backlash against feminism. Significant numbers of women responded angrily to the book, which they felt implied that wives and mothers could never be fulfilled.[31] "Women who valued their roles as mothers and housewives interpreted Friedan's message as one that threatened their stability, devalued their labor, and disrespected their intelligence."[32] In a Letter to Editor in McCall's, one woman wrote, "All this time I thought I was happy, and a nice person. Now I discover I've been miserable and some sort of monster in disguise—now out of disguise. How awful!"[33] Another said, "Mrs. Friedan should save her pity for those who really need it—the half starved, oppressed people in the world."[34] When women critical of the work were not expressing personal offense at Friedan's description of the housewife's plight, they were accusing her of planning to destroy American families.[31] Jessica Weiss quoted in her paper, "If the mothers, (or housewives as we are called) took this advice, what would become of our children? Or better yet, the future of the world."[34]
Historian Joanne Meyerowitz argues that many of the contemporary magazines and articles of the period did not place women solely in the home, as Friedan stated, but in fact supported the notions of full- or part-time jobs for women seeking to follow a career path rather than being a housewife.[35] These articles did however still emphasize the importance of maintaining the traditional image of femininity.[36]
Daniel Horowitz, a Professor of American Studies at Smith College points out that although Friedan presented herself as a typical suburban housewife, she was involved with radical politics and labor journalism in her youth, and during the time she wrote The Feminine Mystique she worked as a freelance journalist for women's magazines and as a community organizer.[37][38]
The W. W. Norton publishing house, where Betty Friedan's work was initially circulated to be published as a book also generated some criticism. In fact an employee under the alias "L M" wrote in a two-page memo that[36] Friedan's theoretical views were "too obvious and feminine", as well as critiquing her approach by suggesting it to be unscientific.
In addition, Friedan has been criticized for focusing solely on the plight of middle-class white women, and not giving enough attention to the differing situations encountered by women in less stable economic situations, or women of other races. According to Kirsten Fermaglich and Lisa Fine, "women of color—African American, Latina, Asian American and Native American women—were completely absent from Friedan's vision, as were white working-class and poor women."[17] Despite being written during the Civil Rights Movement, Friedan's text "barely mentions African-American women."[39] She has also been criticized for prejudice against homosexuality.[40][41] In part, this criticism stems from her adherence to the paradigmatic belief at the time that "bad mothers" caused gender and sexuality confusion.[42] She continued this trend by resisting efforts by the National Organization of Women, of which she was the first president, to integrate lesbians' rights into their platform. Despite these criticisms, her "language aimed at white American middle-class women won large numbers of supporters to the feminist cause," implying perhaps that Friedan's decision to exclude other groups was deliberate in mobilizing a group of women that had in some cases not thought of the improvement of their rights.[17]
In 2005, conservative magazine Human Events included The Feminine Mystique on its list of "Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries" as number seven.[43]
See also[edit]
Biblical patriarchy
Cult of Domesticity
Father Knows Best
History of feminism
Home economics
The Stepford Wives
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Addison, Heather; Goodwin-Kelly, Mary Kate; Roth, Elaine (2009). Motherhood misconceived: representing the maternal in U.S. film. SUNY Press. p. 29. ISBN 1-4384-2812-X.
^ Jump up to: a b c Margalit Fox (5 February 2006). "Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in 'Feminine Mystique,' Dies at 85". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Betty Friedan - Obituaries, News". The Independent. 7 February 2006. Retrieved 2011-02-18. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Patricia Sullivan (February 5, 2006). "Voice of Feminism's 'Second Wave'". Washington Post. p. 2. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Coontz, Stephanie (2011). A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s. New York: Basic Books. pp. 145–149.
^ Jump up to: a b c Friedan, Betty (2013). The Feminine Mystique. W.W.Norton & Company, Inc. pp. xi–xx. ISBN 978-0-393-93465-6.
Jump up ^ "The Feminine Mystique Summary". Enotes.com. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty (1963). "The Problem that Has No Name". The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty (1963). "The Happy Housewife Heroine". The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedan, Betty (1963). "The Crisis in Woman's Identity". The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "The Feminist Mystique-Simple chapter summaries". eNotes. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty (1963). "The Sexual Solipsism of Sigmund Freud". The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty (1963). "The Mistaken Choice". The Feminine Mystique. W. W. Norton. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ American National Biography Online: Friedan, Betty
Jump up ^ Patricia Bradley (2004). Mass Media and the Shaping of American Feminism, 1963-1975. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 312. ISBN 978-1-60473-051-7.
Jump up ^ Webster, Richard (2005). Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis. Oxford: The Orwell Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-9515922-5-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. pp. xvii.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Michael H. The World Transformed. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–226. ISBN 9780199371020.
Jump up ^ McGuire, William; Leslie Wheeler (2013). "Betty Friedan". Retrieved January 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ It changed my life: writings on the women's movement (reprint ed.). Harvard University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-674-46885-6. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. pp. xix.
Jump up ^ Brunell, Laura; Burkett, Elinor (July 14, 2016). "Feminism". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. pp. xx.
^ Jump up to: a b Media Coverage of the Feminine Mystique Symposium
Jump up ^ New Location - React: The Feminine Mystique at 50 (Day 1) | The New School | University Events
Jump up ^ The Feminine Mystique | W. W. Norton & Company
Jump up ^ Jamie Smith Hopkins (10 December 2013). "What 'The Jungle' and 'What Do People Do All Day?' Have In Common". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b The Department of Labor Chose 100+ Books that Shaped Work in America
Jump up ^ Kelly, Kate (February 25, 2013). "New PBS Program Makers Puts Women's Movement in Context". The Huffington Post.
Jump up ^ "Home schooled student, Friedan panel recognized". Journal Star. April 28, 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 419.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. pp. xxviii.
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 381.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 380.
Jump up ^ Joanne Meyerowitz, "Beyond The Feminine Mystique: A Reassessment of Postwar Mass Culture, 1946–1958", Journal of American History 79 (March 1993): 1455–1482. p. 1459 JSTOR 2080212
^ Jump up to: a b Schuessler, Jennifer (2013-02-18). "'The Feminine Mystique,' Reassessed after 50 Years". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-09-22.
Jump up ^ "AWM Book Review: Betty Friedan". Association for Women in Mathematics. September–October 1999. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Horowitz, Daniel. "Rethinking Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique: Labor Union Radicalism and Feminism in Cold War America." American Quarterly, Volume 48, Number 1, March 1996, pp. 1-42 JSTOR 30041520
Jump up ^ Gail Collins (23 January 2013). "'The Feminine Mystique' at 50". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Puncturing Betty Friedan, but Not the Mystique: An Interview with Stephanie Coontz". Stephaniecoontz.com. 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Jump up ^ Daniel Horowitz, "Rethinking Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique: Labor Union Radicalism and Feminism in Cold War America", American Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Mar. 1996) p. 22 JSTOR 30041520
Jump up ^ Friedan, Betty; Fermaglich, Kirsten; Fine, Lisa (2013). The Feminine Mystique: The Contexts, The Scholarship on the Feminine Mystique (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. pp. xiv.
Jump up ^ "Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries". Human Events. May 31, 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Coontz, Stephanie. A Strange Stirring: "The Feminine Mystique" and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s (Basic Books; 2011) 222 pages ISBN 0-465-00200-5
Meyerowitz, Joanne. "The Myth of the Feminine Mystique" in Myth America: A Historical Anthology, Volume II. 1997. Gerster, Patrick, and Cords, Nicholas. (eds.) Brandywine Press, St. James, NY. ISBN 1-881089-97-5
External links[edit]
"The Feminine Mystique at 50", Gail Collins' essay in The New York Times, an excerpt from her introduction to the 50th-anniversary edition of The Feminine Mystique
"Writings of Betty Friedan", focusing on The Feminine Mystique from C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History
Cheerless Fantasies, A Corrective Catalogue of Errors in Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique
David Usborne (6 February 2006). "Feminist author Betty Friedan dies on 85th birthday". The Independent. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
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