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Air gun laws
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Main article: Air gun
This is a list of laws concerning air guns by country.
While in some countries air guns are not subject to any specific regulation, in most there are laws, which differ widely. Each jurisdiction has its own definition of an air gun; and regulations may vary for weapons of different bore, muzzle energy or velocity, or material of ammunition, with guns designed to fire metal pellets often more tightly controlled than airsoft weapons. There may be minimum ages for possession, and sales of both air guns and ammunition may be restricted. Some areas in the world require permits and background checks similar to those required for firearms proper.
Contents
1 Australia
2 Brazil
3 Belgium
4 Bulgaria
5 Canada
6 Czech Republic
7 France
8 Germany
9 Isle of Man
10 Italy
11 Netherlands
12 New Zealand
13 Poland
14 Singapore
15 South Africa
16 Sweden
17 United Kingdom
18 United States
19 References
Australia[edit]
The Australian gun law is quite restrictive and differs on a state-by-state basis; however, as general rule all air guns — regardless of action type, caliber and muzzle energy — are considered firearms for legal purposes; e.g.[1] air rifles are considered Class A firearms and as such are subject to licensing and registration.
Air pistols are considered handguns and subjected to Class H firearms restrictions. An air pistol shooter will require membership and attendance at an authorized pistol club for six months before allowing ownership, and need to shoot in at least ten events per year — four for each handgun class (air pistol, rimfire or centerfire) — including at least six formal competitions to keep the licence.
Paintball markers are classified as "soft air weapons" and treated differently to other air guns; refer to the paintball section on legality for a state-by-state breakdown.
Though also regarded as "soft air weapons", airsoft guns are strictly prohibited in all states except in the Northern Territory (where they are considered regular airguns and subjected to the corresponding laws and licensing) and the ACT (where they are considered "imitation firearms").
Brazil[edit]
The Brazilian legislation that regulates the manufacture, import, export, trade, traffic and use of airguns divide them into two groups:
airguns by spring action or pre-compressed air (PCP - Pre Charged Pneumatic) of up to 6mm calibre;
airguns by spring action or pre-compressed air (PCP - Pre Charged Pneumatic) of calibre exceeding 6mm; or pre-compressed gases that is not breathable air, such as CO2 and others, in any calibre.
Airguns in the first group may be purchased by anyone over 18. Airguns in the second group can only be purchased by people registered in the army, transportation depends on authorization, and usage is allowed only in places approved by the army. Airguns of any kind may not be carried openly. There is no muzzle energy limit for any type or calibre.[2][3]
Scopes or any equipment with magnification needs to be registered by the army in the shooter's registry and accompany a traffic authorization, and are allowed to civilians only if under 6 times magnification and with the objective lens smaller than 36 millimeters. Scopes with magnification equal or above 6 times and/or over 35 milimeters, or equipment that mark the target (like laser sights), are restricted to civilians and allowed only for use by the army. The permitted equipment has to be registered in the civilian's document, this process is called "Apostilamento". The document for a shooter's registry is called "Certificado de Registro de Atirador".
Belgium[edit]
Air guns can be freely bought and owned by any person older than 18 years old. Only pistols with muzzle energy exceeding 7.5 joules (5.5 ft⋅lbf) are not allowed. There is no maximum muzzle energy limit for rifles. Open carry of airguns is not allowed. The use of air guns is restricted non-public places, being shooting ranges, inside a house or a backyard that is not easily accessible from the street.
Bulgaria[edit]
In Bulgaria anyone over the age of 18 can obtain an airgun if its muzzle energy is below that of 24 Joules. Weapons cannot be bought online.
Canada[edit]
Air guns with both a muzzle velocity greater than 152.4 meters per second (500 feet per second) and a muzzle energy greater than 5.7 joules (4.2 foot-pounds) are firearms for purposes of both the Firearms Act and the Criminal Code.[4] Usually the manufacturer’s specifications are used to determine the design muzzle velocity and energy. Air rifles that meet these velocity and energy criteria are generally classified as non-restricted firearms; however, some are classified as restricted or prohibited, depending on the exact design of the air rifle. Air pistols are classified as restricted if their barrel is longer than 105 mm or prohibited if their barrel length is 105 mm or less. The lawful possession of these airguns requires that the owner have a valid firearms licence and that the airgun be registered as a firearm.
Air guns that meet the Criminal Code definition of a firearm, but that are deemed not to be firearms for certain purposes of the Firearms Act and Criminal Code are those that have a muzzle velocity of less than 152.4 meters per second (500 feet per second) and/or a maximum muzzle energy of 5.7 joules (4.2 foot pounds). Such air guns are exempt from licensing, registration, and other requirements under the Firearms Act, and from penalties set out in the Criminal Code for possessing a firearm without a valid licence or registration certificate. However, they are considered to be firearms under the Criminal Code if they are used to commit a crime. The simple possession, acquisition and use of these air guns for lawful purposes is regulated by provincial and municipal laws and by-laws. For example, some provinces may have set a minimum age for acquiring such an air gun. These air guns are exempt from the specific safe storage, transportation and handling requirements set out in the regulations supporting the Firearms Act. However, the Criminal Code requires that reasonable precautions be taken to use, carry, handle, store, transport, and ship them in a safe and secure manner.[5]
Carrying one of these firearms is permitted for those aged 14 or older.
Suppressors for all firearms, including airguns, are prohibited in Canada.
Czech Republic[edit]
In the Czech Republic anyone over age of 18 can acquire air gun with a muzzle energy not exceeding 16 joules (12 ft⋅lbf). Children over age of 10 have to be supervised by adult when shooting. The only restriction on shooting place is requirement of public safety. Since firearms can be used only at the officially licensed shooting ranges air guns became popular to practice target shooting at or near the home.
Air guns with a muzzle energy over 16 J (12 ft⋅lbf) require the same licence as firearms and police registration. Such air guns can be used only at the shooting ranges.[6]
France[edit]
Since September 2013, air rifles with a muzzle energy less than 20 joules (14 ft lbf) can be acquired by persons over age 18 and no licence is required. (Previously the limit was 10 joules.) For air rifles of 20 joules muzzle energy or more, a hunting licence or club shooting licence is required.[7][8] However, hunting or pest control with air guns is illegal in France.[9]
Germany[edit]
German F-in-pentagon mark
In Germany, air guns producing a muzzle energy up to 7.5 joule (J) (5.53 ft·lbf) can be owned by persons from the age of 18 years and freely acquired provided they bear the "F-in-pentagon" mark" that indicates a muzzle energy not exceeding 7.5 J (5.5 ft⋅lbf) kinetic energy. Carrying air guns in public necessitates a carry permit (§ 10 Abs. 4 WaffG), extremely rare as such and never granted for air guns. Only the transportation of unloaded and non-accessible air guns (or carrying unloaded during biathlon) is considered a "permissible carry" (§ 12 Abs. 3 Nr. 2, Nr. 3 WaffG).
Shooting is permitted on licensed ranges (§ 27 Abs. 1, § 12 Abs. 4 2 Nr. 1 WaffG), and on enclosed private property if it is assured that the projectiles can not possibly leave the shooting area (§ 12 Abs. 4 Nr. 1a WaffG). The minimum age for air gun shooting in Germany is 12 years under supervision (§ 27 Abs. 3 S. 1 Nr. 1 WaffG), but exceptions may be granted to younger children upon request, supported by suitable references from a doctor and by a licensed shooting federation (§ 27 Abs. 4 WaffG).
Air weapons exceeding 7.5 J muzzle energy, e.g. field target guns, are treated like firearms and therefore require a relevant permit for acquisition and possession. Proof of need, a clean criminal record and the passing of a knowledge and handling test are required (§ 4 Abs. 1 WaffG) to gain the permit.
A purchase authorization is not required for air guns that were manufactured and introduced onto the market before 1 January 1970 in Germany or before 2 April 1991 on the territory of the former East Germany (WaffG, Appendix 2, Section 1, Subsection 2, 1.2); they can, regardless of their muzzle energy or the absence of an "F-in-pentagon" mark, be freely acquired and possessed.
The storage requirements for firearms do not apply to air guns (cf. § 36 Abs. 1 S. 1 WaffG); they must only be stored unaccessible to minors.
Isle of Man[edit]
In the Isle of Man, Air guns are treated in the same manner as conventional firearms and require a relevant firearms certificate.[10]
Italy[edit]
In Italy, any mechanism that produces a muzzle energy higher than 1 joule (0.74 ft·lbf) and lower than 7.5 joules (5.53 ft·lbf) is considered a "low-power air gun"; the sale of such instruments is open to anyone over 18 years of age without licence or registration, but it can take place only in authorized gun shops where the owner must require the purchaser to provide his ID Card as a proof of age.
Any device developing a muzzle energy equal to, or higher than, 7.5 joules is considered a "high-power air gun", requiring Police licensing and registration for purchase and detention just like any firearm. Bows, crossbows and similar are exempt from this rule. The muzzle energy of such devices is certified by a governance office called "Banco di Prova".[11] Air guns developing less than 1 joule of muzzle energy are categorized as airsoft, which are considered by law as toys, with no restriction whatsoever to their trade, except that they can never be modified to achieve a higher muzzle energy and must be only able to shoot 6 mm plastic pellets.
It is illegal to hunt with air guns.[12]
Netherlands[edit]
In the Netherlands, air guns can be owned by persons from the age of 18 years and can freely be acquired. Until 1997 there were limitations on muzzle velocity and kinetic energy, similar to the German law, but these restrictions were lifted for practical reasons. Carrying air guns in public and the possession of air guns (and toy guns) that resemble firearms is prohibited. The expression "to resemble" is nowadays given a very broad interpretation so that just about any airgun can be considered to resemble a firearm. Whether an airgun is considered to resemble a firearm too closely is decided by the police or, when it comes to that, by the court. It is impossible to predict the outcome of such courtcases. Air guns may be kept in private homes but must be inaccessible for persons under 18. Commercial sales of airguns may only take place in licensed gunshops. It is illegal to own an airgun that was "produced or modified so that it can more easily be carried concealed". Generally this is considered the case when the barrel has been shortened or the weapon has a folding or telescoping stock.[13]
New Zealand[edit]
In New Zealand any member of the public over the age of 18 may own and fire most air rifles without a firearms licence,[14] provided they use the air rifle in a safe environment with a responsible attitude.[15]
Minors 16 and over, but under the age of 18, require a Firearms Licence to possess an air rifle – however, they may use an air rifle under adult supervision without this licence.
Airguns can not be fully automatic, and there is provision under the New Zealand Arms Acts to specify "specially dangerous airguns".[16] Only pre-charged pneumatic rifles have now been specified in this category,[16] but for these a firearms licence is now a requirement for possession and use.[17][18] The change was made as a consequence of two fatal shootings by .22 calibre semi-automatic air rifles.[19]
Poland[edit]
In Poland it is possible to freely acquire air guns with a muzzle energy not exceeding 17 joules (13 ft⋅lbf). Air guns with muzzle energy over 17 J are considered FAC and must be registered at a local police station no later than 5 days after purchase (a gun licence is not needed). FAC air guns can only be used at the officially licensed shooting ranges. Hunting/shooting animals with air guns is illegal and can lead to prosecution.[20]
Singapore[edit]
In Singapore, airguns are classified as 'arms', in the same category as firearms utilising gunpowder as propellant among other weapons. It is necessary to obtain a licence from the Singapore Police Force before one can import, export or own an airgun.[21][22]
South Africa[edit]
All air guns are very loosely regulated in South Africa. The only laws concerning them are that they still count as firearms if used in a crime, and can't be fired or exposed in public areas. Airguns may be carried on one's person concealed, not openly. It is an offense to shoot animals and human beings, except criminals and animals which are attacking you. It must also be carried in a bag, not on your body, otherwise it is an offence. It does not require a licence for 5.5 mm or smaller calibers. Any air rifle over 5.5 mm is considered to be a firearm as stipulated in the Firearms control act 60 of 2000, Chapter 1 (xii)(d)[23]
Sweden[edit]
In Sweden, airguns are regarded as firearms, and generally require a licence. Limited energy weapons, such as airguns and paintball guns and are however licence free, but may not be used by a minor under 18 years of age, unless licensed or under adult supervision. Limited energy weapons may not have a muzzle energy exceeding 10 J measured four metres from the muzzle. Fully automatic limited energy weapons may not exceed 3 J.[24]
United Kingdom[edit]
Air pistols generating more than 6 ft·lbf (8.1 J) and air rifles generating more than 12 ft·lbf (16.2 J) of muzzle energy are legally termed "specifically dangerous firearms".[25] As a result, ownership of these air rifles requires the possession of a Firearm Certificate (FAC); however, ownership of such air pistols is prohibited as they are defined as "Prohibited Weapons" under Section 5 of the Firearms Act 1968. (Section 5 Authority is usually only granted to members of the Gun Trade.)
Pistols and rifles below these energy levels are still termed firearms and are dealt with under the Firearms Act, but do not require licensing in England and Wales, and may be purchased by anyone over the age of 18. Pistols and rifles under 0.737 ft·lbf (1 J) are not included under firearms regulations in the UK but do fall under the VCR act. In Northern Ireland any air rifle or air pistol generating more than 0.737 ft·lbf (1 J) is considered a firearm [26] and as such requires a FAC.
The Air Weapons and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2015 [1] introduced an air weapon certificate in Scotland, which anyone owning an air weapon is now required to hold.
The Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006 prohibits online or mail-order sale of new air guns in the UK. UK transactions for new items from retail UK shops must be finalised face-to-face, either at the shop where purchased, or through a Registered Firearms Dealer (to which an item may be posted and the transfer completed). Since February 2011, The Crime & Security Act 2010 (S.46) made it an offence "...for a person in possession of an air weapon to fail to take reasonable precautions to prevent any person under the age of eighteen from having the weapon with him...".[27] This legislation essentially relates to the storage of air guns and the requirement of owners to prevent unauthorised access by children. Failure to do so renders owners liable for a fine of up to £1,000.[28]
Possession of an air gun while trespassing, with or without ammunition, loaded or unloaded is armed trespass, and is considered a serious criminal offence and subject to heavy penalties.[29][30]
United States[edit]
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives states that:
The term "firearm" is defined in the Gun Control Act of 1968, 18 U.S.C. Section 921(a)(3), to include "(A) any weapon (including a starter gun), which will, or is designed to or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive; (B) the frame or receiver of any such weapon...." Based on Section 921(a)(3), air guns, because they use compressed air and not an explosive to expel a projectile, do not constitute firearms under Federal law — unless they are manufactured with the frames or receivers of an actual firearm. Accordingly, the domestic sale and possession of air guns is normally unregulated under the Federal firearms laws enforced by ATF.[31]
Although the federal government does not normally regulate air guns, some state and local governments do; the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence has compiled a list of states and selected municipalities that regulate air guns, finding that 23 states and the District of Columbia regulate air guns to some degree.[32] Two states (New Jersey and Rhode Island) define all non-powder guns as firearms; one state (Illinois) defines certain high-power and/or large calibre non-powder guns as firearms; three states (Connecticut, Delaware and North Dakota) define non-powder guns as dangerous weapons (but not firearms).[32] The remaining states which regulate air guns impose age restrictions on possession, use, or transfer of non-powder guns, and/or explicitly regulate possession of non-powder guns on school grounds.[32]
New York City has a restrictive municipal ordinance regulating air guns.[32] Air guns were previously banned in San Francisco, but a state preemption statute struck down the ban, and the San Francisco District Attorney declared them legal as long as in compliance with state law.[33]
New York state law prohibits anyone under the age of 16 from possessing an air gun.[citation needed]
Along with state laws, local county laws or ordinances may be relevant to users of air guns. Generally, state laws do not mention air gun laws, but local counties do.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/133198/FACT_SHEET_Firearm_Types_Oct_2012.pdf
Jump up ^ "Decreto no. 3.665, de 20 de novembro de 2000". Retrieved 2011-03-10.
Jump up ^ "Portaria COLOG no. 2, de 26 de fevereiro de 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
Jump up ^ Program, Government of Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canadian Firearms. "Air Guns". www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
Jump up ^ Air Guns – Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca (2004-11-23). Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ Gun law 119/2002 Sb. of the Czech Republic, (online Archived 2013-05-10 at the Wayback Machine.).
Jump up ^ "Carabine à plombs 20 joules sans permis - Jean Pierre FUSIL armurier". www.fusil-calais.com. Retrieved 2015-09-10.
Jump up ^ Décret n° 2013-700 du 30 juillet 2013 (in French), retrieved 2015-09-10
Jump up ^ "Armes- accessoires- munitions - Berry-Sologne Chasse à la journée et séjour, approche et affût aux grands gibiers". Retrieved 2015-09-10.
Jump up ^ "Guidance on firearms: BB and airsoft guns". Isle of Man Government. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Official website of the Banco Nazionale di Prova per le Armi da Fuoco portatili e le Munizioni commerciali (National Testing Board for Firearms and Commercial ammunition) – in Italian Retrieved on September 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ (in Italian) Art.13 of LEGGE 11 febbraio 1992, n. 157: Retrieved 4 October 2013.
Jump up ^ (in Dutch) Wet wapens en munitie (Arms and ammunition law – Dutch). Wetten.overheid.nl. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ "Standard New Zealand firearms licence". New Zealand Police. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Careless use of firearm, airgun, pistol, or restricted weapon", Arms Act 1983 No 44
^ Jump up to: a b "Arms (Restricted Weapons and Specially Dangerous Airguns) Order 1984". Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ "High-powered air rifles now require licence, The Beehive
Jump up ^ "Important information...", NZ Police
Jump up ^ "Crackdown on killer air rifles". NZPA. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Polish Weapons and Ammunition Act" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "FAQ on Police Licensing matters in Singapore".
Jump up ^ "Singapore Arms & Explosives Act".
Jump up ^ http://www.gov.za/documents/firearms-control-act
Jump up ^ https://polisen.se/Lagar-och-regler/Vapen/Paintballskytte/
Jump up ^ UK air gun law. youngmans.com
Jump up ^ PSNI Airgun Law. Psni.police.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ UK legislation concerning the prevention of air guns falling into the hands of those under 18 years of age. Legislation.gov.uk (2011-05-27). Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ [http://www.basc.org.uk/en/media/pressreleases.cfm/prid/AB98850A-190D-4275-A85D9C42CCD1DAE7 UK Airgun legislation as reported in Press Release issued by BASC. Basc.org.uk (2011-01-27). Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ Marple Rifle & Pistol Club, Gun Law in the UK. Marplerifleandpistolclub.org.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
Jump up ^ Firearms Act 1968, section 20. Maximum penalties: in a building, 7 years and/or unlimited fine; on land (including on water), 3 months and/or level 4 fine - see schedule 6.
Jump up ^ Frequently asked questions, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Non-Powder Guns Policy Summary, Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, May 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Police declare air guns illegal; S.F. public defender, D.A., and state law disagree". SF Weekly News. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
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Lydia of Thyatira
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A modern Greek Orthodox outdoor chapel on what is said to be the site where Lydia was baptized.
Lydia of Thyatira (Greek: Λυδία) is a woman mentioned in the New Testament who is regarded as the first documented convert to Christianity in Europe. Several Christian denominations have designated her a saint.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 New Testament narrative
3 Background
3.1 Profession
3.2 Social status
3.3 Marital status
4 Feast day
5 Devotion
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Name[edit]
The name, "Lydia", meaning "the Lydian woman", by which she was known indicates that she was from Lydia in Asia Minor. Though she is commonly known as “St. Lydia” or even more simply “The Woman of Purple,” Lydia is given other titles: “of Thyatira,” “Purpuraria,” and “of Philippi (‘Philippisia’ in Greek).” “[Lydia’s] name is an ethnicon, deriving from her place of origin”.[1] The first refers to her place of birth, which is a city in the Greek region of Lydia. The second comes from the Latin word for purple and relates to her connection with purple dye. Philippi was the city in which Lydia was living when she met St. Paul and his companions. All of these titles expound upon this woman’s background.
New Testament narrative[edit]
Acts 16 describes Lydia as follows:
A certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, one who worshiped God, heard us; whose heart the Lord opened to listen to the things which were spoken by Paul. When she and her household were baptized, she begged us, saying, "If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and stay." So she persuaded us.
—  Acts 16:14-15 World English Bible
Wayne Grudem sees the story of Lydia as being an example of effectual calling.[2]
Background[edit]
Lydia was most likely a Greek Macedonian even though she lived in a Roman settlement.[3] She was evidently a well-to-do agent of a purple-dye firm in Thyatira, a city southeast of Pergamum and approximately 40 miles inland, across the Aegean Sea from Athens. Lydia insisted on giving hospitality to Apostle Paul and his companions in Philippi. They stayed with her until their departure, through Amphipolis and Apollonia, to Thessalonica (Acts 16:40-17:1).
Paul, Silas, and Timothy were traveling through the region of Philippi when they encounter “a reputable businesswoman and possibly a widow… [who] was a righteous Gentile or ‘God-fearer’ attracted to Judaism”.[4] “[S]he was one of a large group [considered]…sympathizers with Judaism, believers in the one God, but who had not yet become ‘proselytes’ or taken the final step to conversion to Judaism”.[5]
Because these encounters and events take place “in what is now Europe,” Lydia is considered “the first ‘European’ Christian convert”.[6]
Profession[edit]
“Thyatira in the province of Lydia (located in what is now western Turkey) was famous for the red [variety of purple] dye”.[1] Lydia of Thyatira is most known as a “seller” or merchant of purple cloth, which is the likely reason for the Catholic Church naming her “patroness of dyers.” It is unclear as to if Lydia simply dealt in the trade of purple dye or whether her business included textiles as well,[7] though all known icons of the saint depict her with some form of purple cloth. Most portray this holy woman wearing a purple shawl or veil, which allows many historians and theologians to believe that she was a merchant of specifically purple cloth.
Social status[edit]
There is some speculation regarding Lydia’s social status. Theologians disagree as to whether Lydia was a free woman or servant. “There is no direct evidence that Lydia had once been a slave, but the fact that her name is her place of origin rather than a personal name suggests this as at least a possibility”.[5] Ascough cites other examples of noble women named Lydia from the first or second centuries,[8] so it is unlikely that she was actually a slave or servant.
Marital status[edit]
Because women did not possess the same equality rights as modern women, it appears unusual that Lydia would be capable of inviting a group of foreign men to her house without a man’s consent. “The fact that there is no mention of a man has been used to deduce that she was a widow, but this has been challenged as a patriarchal interpretation”.[5] Lydia’s evident social power exemplified by her control of a household and ownership of a house (which she offered to St. Paul and his companions) indicates that she was most likely a free woman and possibly a widow.[9]
Feast day[edit]
Many Christian denominations recognize Lydia of Thyatira as a saint, though her feast day varies greatly. In the Catholic Church, her feast day is August 3.[10][11] The Episcopal Church honors St. Lydia along with Sts. Dorcas and Phoebe with a feast day in its liturgical calendar on January 27, the day after the remembrance of the early male missionaries Timothy, Titus and Silas, and two days after the feast of the Conversion of St. Paul.[12] Therefore, she is honored on that date.
Eastern Orthodox Churches remember Lydia on various days, with some jurisdictions remembering her twice during a liturgical year. Many Eastern Orthodox churches, including the Self-Ruled Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America, remember St. Lydia on May 20.[13][14][15] However, some divisions of the Russian Orthodox Church (other than the Orthodox Church in America) observe both June 25 and March 27 as her feast days.[16]
The Lutheran community is also divided. The ELCA commemorates Sts. Lydia, Dorcas and Phoebe on January 27,[17] while the LCMS celebrates the three women on October 25.[18]
Devotion[edit]
Devotion to St. Lydia is greater in the Orthodox Church than in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, and this is evident by the myriad of icons depicting this woman. The Orthodox Churches have given her the title of “Equal to the Apostles,” which signifies her importance and level of holiness. There is a church located in Philippi, which many consider to be built in St. Lydia’s honor. A modern baptistry is located on the traditional site where Lydia was baptized by St. Paul near Philippi as well.[19]
See also[edit]
Saints portal
Deborah
Feminist theology
Junia (New Testament person)
Phoebe
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Cumming, John (1998). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 24.
Jump up ^ Grudem, Wayne (1994). Systematic Theology. IVP. p. 693.
Jump up ^ Ascough, Richard S. (2009). Lydia: Paul's Cosmopolitan Hostess. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 27.
Jump up ^ Hahn, Scott (2002). The Acts of the Apostles Revised Standard Version (Second Catholic Edition). San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. p. 45.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cumming, John (1998). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 25.
Jump up ^ Cumming, John (1998). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Collgeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 24.
Jump up ^ Ascough, Richard S. (2009). Lydia: Paul's Cosmopolitan Hostess. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 50.
Jump up ^ Ascough, Richard S. (2009). Lydia: Paul's Cosmopolitan Hostess. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 7.
Jump up ^ Ascough, Richard S. (2009). Lydia: Paul's Cosmopolitan Hostess. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. pp. 7, 32.
Jump up ^ "St. Lydia Purpuria".
Jump up ^ Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 978-88-209-7210-3), p. 278
Jump up ^ "The Saints of God: Holy Women, Holy Men" (PDF). Episcopal Life Weekly. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-02.
Jump up ^ Ἡ Ἁγία Λυδία ἡ Φιλιππησία. 20 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. (in Greek)
Jump up ^ St Lydia of Philippisia. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
Jump up ^ "St. Lydia of Philippisia". The Self-Ruled Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America.
Jump up ^ "St. Lydia of Thyatira: First Christian Convert in Europe, Deaconess of Philippi". One Thing Needful (Monastery News).
Jump up ^ Kitahata, Stacy. "Bold Foremothers of Our Faith". Lutheran Woman Today. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ Kinnaman, Scot A. (2010). Lutheranism 101. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. p. 278.
Jump up ^ "Philippi". Sacred Destinations. [dead link]
External links[edit]
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Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
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Men's 100 metres
at the Games of the XXX Olympiad
The finalists awaiting starters orders
Venue
Olympic Stadium
Date
4–5 August 2012
Competitors
75 from 61 nations
Winning time
9.63 s
Medalists
Usain Bolt Jamaica
Yohan Blake Jamaica
Justin Gatlin United States
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The men's 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the Olympic Stadium on 4–5 August 2012.[1] The competition comprised four rounds: a preliminary round for entrants without the minimum qualifying standard, a heats round, followed by three semi-finals of eight athletes each, which then reduced to eight athletes for the final.[2]
Leading up to this Olympics, defending champion Usain Bolt was the star of the sport having set world records in winning the 100 metres and 200 metres in the previous Olympics,[3][4] and 2 more world records in winning the 100m and 200m at the 2009 world championships.[5] In the 2011 world championships, the 100 metres was won by Yohan Blake after a false start by Bolt. Later in the season, Blake ran a new 200 metres personal best only .07 behind Bolt's world record.[6] At the 2012 Jamaican Olympic Trials, Blake beat Bolt in both events.[7]
In the final, Bolt, started slow out of the blocks and was behind Blake and Gatlin, but accelerated with 50 meters to go, to win the gold medal and was around 5 meters ahead of the competition at the finish line. Bolt set a new Olympic record (beating his own record set at the 2008 Olympic Games) of 9.64 seconds, later rounded down to 9.63 seconds. Blake edged past Gatlin, who in turn held off a closing Gay at the finish line.[8][9]
Usain Bolt was the second athlete after Carl Lewis (1984, 1988) to retain the men's 100m championship. His winning time was the second fastest time ever behind his own world record. Yohan Blake finished second in 9.75 seconds. Blake's time was the fastest ever not to win a gold medal. Former world record holder and 2004 Olympic champion Justin Gatlin won the bronze medal in 9.79 seconds. The race set a number of records, including: the first time that the top 3 finished under 9.80 seconds; the first time that the top 5 finished in under 9.90 seconds; the first time that the five fastest men in 100m history (Bolt, Gay, Blake, Powell and Gatlin) all competed; and 7 of the 8 men ran in under 10 seconds, with only Asafa Powell finished in (11.99) after an injury 60 meters into the race. Apart from Powell, each runner's time was the fastest-ever for his respective placing. Blake, Gatlin, Gay, and Bailey all ran times that would have won at least silver in any previous Olympic final. It is considered one of the most outstanding finishes of the men's 100 metres in Olympic history.[10][11]
Contents
1 Competition
2 Records
3 Schedule
4 Results
4.1 Preliminaries
4.1.1 Heat 1
4.1.2 Heat 2
4.1.3 Heat 3
4.1.4 Heat 4
4.2 Round 1
4.2.1 Heat 1
4.2.2 Heat 2
4.2.3 Heat 3
4.2.4 Heat 4
4.2.5 Heat 5
4.2.6 Heat 6
4.2.7 Heat 7
4.3 Semifinals
4.3.1 Semifinal 1
4.3.2 Semifinal 2
4.3.3 Semifinal 3
4.4 Final
5 Incident
6 References
Competition[edit]
The seven round one heats were won by three Jamaican and three American favorites and Dwain Chambers of Britiain. Ryan Bailey was the fastest qualifier with a personal best 9.88.
In the first semi-final, Justin Gatlin ran the fastest semi-final in history 9.82, ahead of Churandy Martina 9.91and former world record holder Asafa Powell in 9.94. Suwaibou Sanneh improved his national record for Gambia at 10.18, set the day before. In the second semi-final, defending champion Usain Bolt ran a relaxed race, finishing in 9.87. Ryan Bailey was second in 9.96. In the third semi-final, Yohan Blake ran 9.85, with Tyson Gay in second at 9.90. The final qualifier was defending silver medalist Richard Thompson with 10.02.[12][13]
Records[edit]
Prior to the competition[update], the existing World and Olympic records were as follows.
World record Usain Bolt (JAM) 9.58 s Berlin, Germany 16 August 2009
Olympic record 9.69 s Beijing, China 16 August 2008
2012 World leading Yohan Blake (JAM) 9.75 s Kingston, Jamaica 30 June 2012
The following new Olympic record was set during this competition:
Date
Event
Athlete
Time
Notes
5 August Final Usain Bolt (JAM) 9.63 s OR
The Following new National records were set during this competition
Maldives national record Azneem Ahmed (MDV) 10.79 s
Ivory Coast national record Ben Youssef Meïté (CIV) 10.06 s
Gambia national record Suwaibou Sanneh (GAM) 10.18 s
Netherlands national record Churandy Martina (NED) 9.91 s
Schedule[edit]
All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1).
Date
Time
Saturday, 4 August 2012 10:00
12:30 Preliminaries
Round 1
Sunday, 5 August 2012 19:45
21:50 Semifinals
Finals
Results[edit]
Official Video of Preliminary Round
Preliminaries[edit]
[14] Qualification rule: The first two finishers in each heat (Q) plus the two fastest times of those who finished third or lower in their heat (q) qualified.
Heat 1[edit]
Heat 1
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 3 Artur Bruno Rojas Bolivia 0.162 10.62 Q
2 7 Devilert Arsene Kimbembe Congo 0.143 10.68 Q, SB
3 4 Holder da Silva Guinea-Bissau 0.168 10.69 q, SB
4 8 Joseph Andy Lui Tonga 0.184 11.17
5 6 Mohan Khan Bangladesh 0.149 11.25 PB
6 5 Kilakone Siphonexay Laos 0.174 11.30
7 2 Christopher Lima da Costa São Tomé and Príncipe 0.195 11.56 PB
Wind: +0.9 m/s
Heat 2[edit]
Heat 2
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 5 Jurgen Themen Suriname 0.158 10.55 Q
2 4 Fernando Lumain Indonesia 0.155 10.80 Q, SB
3 2 Wilfried Bingangoye Gabon 0.239 10.89
4 8 Liaquat Ali Pakistan 0.169 10.90
5 6 Rodman Teltull Palau 0.171 11.06 PB
6 7 Tavevele Noa Tuvalu 0.180 11.55
7 3 Timi Garstang Marshall Islands 0.162 12.81
Wind: +0.9 m/s
Heat 3[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 6 Béranger Aymard Bosse Central African Republic 0.162 10.55 Q
2 8 Yeo Foo Ee Gary Singapore 0.159 10.57 Q, PB
3 4 Azneem Ahmed Maldives 0.153 10.79 q, NR
4 3 J'maal Alexander British Virgin Islands 0.163 10.92
5 5 John Howard Federated States of Micronesia 0.203 11.05
6 2 Chris Walasi Solomon Islands 0.164 11.42
7 7 Elama Fa’atonu American Samoa 0.170 11.48 PB
Wind: +1.7 m/s
Heat 4[edit]
Heat 4
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 3 Gérard Kobéané Burkina Faso 0.194 10.42 Q, SB
2 8 Fabrice Coiffic Mauritius 0.149 10.62 Q
3 6 Courtney Carl Williams Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.164 10.80 PB
4 2 Rachid Chouhal Malta 0.160 10.83 SB
5 5 Tilak Ram Tharu Nepal 0.156 10.85 PB
6 9 Masoud Azizi Afghanistan 0.167 11.19
7 7 Nooa Takooa Kiribati 0.155 11.53 PB
8 4 Patrick Tuara Cook Islands 0.165 11.72
Wind: +0.5 m/s
Official Video of the Quarterfinal Round
Round 1[edit]
[15] Qualification rule: The first three finishers in each heat (Q) plus the three fastest times of those who finished fourth or lower in their heat (q) qualified.
Heat 1[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 6 Tyson Gay United States 0.147 10.08 Q
2 5 Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago 0.151 10.14 Q
3 7 Gerald Phiri Zambia 0.147 10.16 Q, SB
4 3 Jaysuma Saidy Ndure Norway 0.166 10.28
5 4 Ángel David Rodríguez Spain 0.168 10.34
6 2 Jurgen Themen Suriname 0.169 10.53
7 5 Isidro Montoya Colombia 0.165 10.54
8 1 Yeo Foo Ee Gary Singapore 0.144 10.69
Wind: −1.4 m/s
Heat 2[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 4 Justin Gatlin United States 0.200 9.97 Q
2 6 Derrick Atkins Bahamas 0.179 10.22 Q
3 5 Rondel Sorrillo Trinidad and Tobago 0.148 10.23 Q
4 8 Dariusz Kuć Poland 0.163 10.24
5 9 Nilson André Brazil 0.172 10.26 SB
6 7 Masashi Eriguchi Japan 0.144 10.30
7 3 Barakat Al-Harthi Oman 0.152 10.41
8 2 Fernando Lumain Indonesia 0.162 10.90
Wind: +0.7 m/s
Heat 3[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 7 Ryan Bailey United States 0.177 9.88 Q, =PB
2 8 Ben Youssef Meïté Ivory Coast 0.174 10.06 Q, NR
3 6 Justyn Warner Canada 0.149 10.09 Q, PB
4 4 Kemar Hyman Cayman Islands 0.150 10.16 q
5 9 Suwaibou Sanneh The Gambia 0.176 10.21 q, NR
6 5 Rytis Sakalauskas Lithuania 0.178 10.29
7 3 Béranger Aymard Bosse Central African Republic 0.170 10.53
8 2 Artur Bruno Rojas Bolivia 0.154 10.65
Wind: +1.5 m/s
Heat 4[edit]
Qualification heat 4
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 7 Usain Bolt Jamaica 0.178 10.09 Q
2 5 Daniel Bailey Antigua and Barbuda 0.162 10.12 Q
3 6 James Dasaolu Great Britain 0.174 10.13 Q
4 3 Amr Ibrahim Mostafa Seoud Egypt 0.164 10.22
5 4 Jason Rogers Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.177 10.30
6 8 Ogho-Oghene Egwero Nigeria 0.174 10.38
7 2 Holder da Silva Guinea-Bissau 0.182 10.71
– 9 Idrissa Adam Cameroon 0.206 DNF
Wind: +0.4 m/s
Heat 5[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 7 Asafa Powell Jamaica 0.166 10.04 Q
2 4 Adam Gemili Great Britain 0.156 10.11 Q
3 6 Churandy Martina Netherlands 0.168 10.20 Q
4 9 Reza Ghasemi Iran 0.148 10.31
5 5 Obinna Metu Nigeria 0.153 10.35
6 8 Ramon Gittens Barbados 0.162 10.35
7 2 Paul Williams Grenada 0.168 10.65
8 3 Devilert Arsene Kimbembe Congo 0.157 10.94
Wind: 0.0 m/s
Heat 6[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 5 Yohan Blake Jamaica 0.175 10.00 Q
2 7 Ryota Yamagata Japan 0.149 10.07 Q, PB
3 3 Su Bingtian China 0.162 10.19 Q, SB
4 6 Antoine Adams Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.154 10.22 q
5 9 Peter Emelieze Nigeria 0.153 10.22 SB
6 8 Jeremy Bascom Guyana 0.135 10.31
7 4 Marek Niit Estonia 0.158 10.40
8 2 Azneem Ahmed Maldives 0.157 10.84
Wind: +1.3 m/s
Heat 7[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 9 Dwain Chambers Great Britain 0.157 10.02 Q, SB
2 6 Jimmy Vicaut France 0.196 10.11 Q, SB
3 5 Keston Bledman Trinidad and Tobago 0.195 10.13 Q
4 7 Warren Fraser Bahamas 0.171 10.27
5 8 Miguel López Puerto Rico 0.145 10.31
6 2 Gérard Kobéané Burkina Faso 0.186 10.48
7 3 Fabrice Coiffic Mauritius 0.165 10.59
– 4 Kim Collins Saint Kitts and Nevis N/A DNS
Wind: +2.0 m/s
Official Video of the Semifinal Round
Semifinals[edit]
[16]
Qualification rule: The first two finishers in each heat (Q) plus the two fastest times of those who finished third or lower in their heat (q) qualified.
Semifinal 1[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 7 Justin Gatlin United States 0.187 9.82 Q
2 2 Churandy Martina Netherlands 0.148 9.91 Q, NR
3 4 Asafa Powell Jamaica 0.155 9.94 q
4 8 Keston Bledman Trinidad and Tobago 0.175 10.04
5 6 Ben Youssef Meïté Ivory Coast 0.163 10.13
6 5 Jimmy Vicaut France 0.203 10.16
7 9 James Dasaolu Great Britain 0.174 10.18
8 3 Suwaibou Sanneh The Gambia 0.175 10.18 NR
Wind: +0.7 m/s
Semifinal 2[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 4 Usain Bolt Jamaica 0.180 9.87 Q
2 7 Ryan Bailey United States 0.155 9.96 Q
3 8 Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago 0.158 10.02 q
4 5 Dwain Chambers Great Britain 0.154 10.05
5 9 Gerald Phiri Zambia 0.165 10.11 SB
6 6 Daniel Bailey Antigua and Barbuda 0.142 10.16
7 2 Antoine Adams Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.159 10.27
8 3 Su Bingtian China 0.157 10.28
Wind: +1.0 m/s
Semifinal 3[edit]
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
1 6 Yohan Blake Jamaica 0.176 9.85 Q
2 4 Tyson Gay United States 0.151 9.90 Q
3 7 Adam Gemili Great Britain 0.158 10.06
4 8 Derrick Atkins Bahamas 0.164 10.08 SB
5 9 Justyn Warner Canada 0.135 10.09 =PB
6 5 Ryota Yamagata Japan 0.158 10.10
7 3 Rondel Sorrillo Trinidad and Tobago 0.140 10.31
– 2 Kemar Hyman Cayman Islands N/A DNS
Wind: +1.7 m/s
Final[edit]
Start of the final; lane 9 is closest.
Rank
Lane
Name
Nationality
Reaction
Result
Notes
7 Usain Bolt Jamaica 0.165 9.63 OR
5 Yohan Blake Jamaica 0.179 9.75 =PB
6 Justin Gatlin United States 0.178 9.79 PB
4 8 Ryan Bailey United States 0.176 9.88 =PB
5 9 Churandy Martina Netherlands 0.139 9.94
6 2 Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago 0.160 9.98
7 3 Asafa Powell Jamaica 0.155 12.00
– 4 Tyson Gay United States 0.145 9.80 DQ
Wind: +1.5 m/s
Incident[edit]
Just before the start of the final, a spectator threw a plastic beer bottle at the competitors in the starting blocks. Though the race was unaffected, he was arrested.[17] The man, later identified as Ashley Gill-Webb, happened to be sitting next to Dutch judoka and bronze medalist Edith Bosch, who promptly struck him with her hand on the back of his head after the toss.[18] LOCOG Chairman Sebastian Coe later stated: "I'm not suggesting vigilantism but it was actually poetic justice that they happened to be sitting next to a judo player".[18] Gill-Webb later pleaded not guilty to a charge of using threatening words or behaviour with intent to cause harassment, alarm or distress at Stratford Magistrates' Court.[19] He was later found guilty.[20]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres.
Jump up ^ Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Jump up ^ "100m competition format". London 2012 Organising Committee. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Usain Bolt, Yohan Blake Aim To Win 100 Meters, Add To Jamaica's Olympic Gold Tally". Huffingtonpost.com. 5 August 1962. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Hayward, Paul (31 May 2011). "Usain Bolt wins men's 100m Olympic final in 9.63 seconds to seal legacy". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Clarey, Christopher (21 August 2009). "Usain Bolt - The New York Times". Topics.nytimes.com. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Agencies (16 September 2011). "Yohan Blake upstages Usain Bolt with second-fastest 200m ever | Sport". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "2012 Olympics Games - Yohan Blake beats Usain Bolt in 100 meters at Jamaican trials - ESPN". Espn.go.com. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "International Association of Athletics Federations". iaaf.org. 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
Jump up ^ "Highlights: Usain Bolt Wins 2nd Consecutive 100m Gold - Track & Field Video". NBC Olympics. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
Jump up ^ "0 Toplists 100 m - o". iaaf.org. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Usain Bolt wins Olympics 100m final at London 2012". BBC Sport. 5 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Highlights: Bolt Advances To 100m Final - Track & Field Video". NBC Olympics. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
Jump up ^ "International Association of Athletics Federations". iaaf.org. 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
Jump up ^ "Men's 100m - Preliminaries". London 2012 Organising Committee. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Men's 100m - Round 1". London 2012 Organising Committee. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Men's 100m - Semifinals". London 2012 Organising Committee. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Man who threw bottle during men's 100 meters arrested for 'creating a public nuisance'". Yahoo! Sports. 5 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dutch judo star 'hit bottle-thrower' in Olympic 100m final". BBC News. 6 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Olympic 100m bottle throw: Man denies public order charge". BBC News. 6 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Olympic 100m final bottle thrower Ashley Gill-Webb guilty". BBC News. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
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100 metres at the Athletics at the Summer Olympics
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See also: Men's 100 metres
1906 Intercalated Games
Men's 60 metres
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Bigg Boss Tamil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bigg Boss
Season 1 logo
Presented by
Kamal Hassan
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Tamil
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
100
Production
Location(s)
Chennai
Running time
90 minutes
Production company(s)
Endemol India
Release
Original release
25 June 2017 (2017-06-25)
Bigg Boss Tamil is the Tamil-language version of the reality TV programme Bigg Boss broadcast in India. It follows the Big Brother format, which was first developed by Endemol in the Netherlands.
Kamal Haasan hosted the first season of Bigg Boss Tamil launched on 25 June 2017 on Star Vijay.[1][2][3] In October 2017, Bigg Boss Tamil 2 was confirmed by Star Vijay and will be aired in 2018
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 The House
1.2 Rules
1.3 Broadcast
2 Eviction
3 Contestants Season 1
4 Contestants Season 2
5 Series Details
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Bigg Boss Tamil is a reality show based on the Hindi show Bigg Boss which too was based on the original Dutch Big Brother format developed by John de Mol Jr. A number of contestants (known as "housemates") live in a purpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction, and the housemates who receives the most nominations would face a public vote.[4] Eventually, one housemate would leave after being "evicted" from the House. In the final week, there will be five housemates remaining, and the public will vote for who they wanted to win. Unlike other versions of Big Brother, the Tamil version uses celebrities as housemates, not members of the general public.
The House[edit]
The house is well-furnished and decorated. It has all kinds of modern amenities, but just two bedrooms, living area, kitchen, store room, smoking room, and four toilet bath rooms. There is a garden, pool, activity area and gym in the House. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by Bigg Boss for any kind of conversation, and for the nomination process. The House has no TV connection, no telephones, and no Internet connection.
Rules[edit]
They are not supposed to tamper with any of the electronic equipment or any other thing in the House. They cannot leave the House premises at any time except when permitted to. They cannot discuss the nomination process with anyone. They cannot sleep in the day time.
Sometimes, the housemates may be nominated for other reasons, such as nomination by a person who has achieved special privileges (via tasks or other things), for breaking rules or something else. If something is very serious, a contestant may be evicted directly
All the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language than the language Tamil.
Broadcast[edit]
Bigg Boss Tamil is aired on Star Vijay and also Vijay Super from 9 to 10:30 {IST} on weekdays and 8:30 to 10{IST} on weekends. Everyday's episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day. Every weekend episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host.
Eviction[edit]
Contestants are nominated every week by their housemates. Viewers cast their vote in favour of the contestants they would like to save from eviction. Each viewer is entitled to 50 votes per day. The contestant with the least number of votes is evicted from the house.
Contestants Season 1[edit]
Oviya (Helen Nelson), Gayathri , Vaiyapuri(Ramakrishnan), Ganja Karuppu(Karuppu Raja), Shakthi Vasudevan, Sri (Sriram Natarajan), Anuya Bhagwat, Raiza Wilson, Aarathi Ganesh, Ganesh Venkatraman, Snehan(Sivaselvam), Julie marina, Namitha, Bharani, Bindu Madhavi, Kajal, Harish Kalyan and Suja Varunee,Arav(Nafeez Kizar)
Contestants Season 2[edit]
Rakshan (VJ Anchor), manjma mohan(Actress), Ashna Zaveri(Actress), Rio Raj (Actor and Vijay TV Anchor), Dheena (Comedian), Gayatri Jayaraman(actress),Confirmed so far for Season 2 of Big Boss Tamil..
Series Details[edit]
Season
Main host
Launch date
Finale date
Days
Winner
Runner-Up
Second Runner-Up
Season 1 Kamal Haasan 25 June 2017 30 September 2017 100 Arav Snehan Harish
Season 2 Suriya 15 Jan 2018 20 April 2018 100 TBD TBD TBD
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kamal Haasan all set to host Tamil Big Boss". www.thehindu.com.
Jump up ^ "கமல் தொகுத்து வழங்கும், விஜய் டிவியின் 'பிக் பாஸ்'". www.vikatan.com.
Jump up ^ "Bigg Boss Tamil: Kamal Haasan's new reality show and its 15 contestants". Techie Wheels. 2017-06-25. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
Jump up ^ "Vijay TV Bigg Boss Online Voting and Missed Call details; Nomination and Eviction List". Techie Wheels. 2017-07-09. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
External links[edit]
Bigg Boss Tamil winner at TamilGlitz
Official Website at Hotstar
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