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2016 College Football Playoff National Championship
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2016 College Football Playoff National Championship
College Football Playoff
Alabama Crimson Tide Clemson Tigers
(13–1) (14–0)
SEC ACC
45 40
Head coach:
Nick Saban Head coach:
Dabo Swinney
AP Coaches CFP
2 2 2
AP Coaches CFP
1 1 1
1
2
3
4
Total
Alabama 7 7 7 24 45
Clemson 14 0 10 16 40
Date
January 11, 2016
Season
2015
Stadium
University of Phoenix Stadium
Location
Glendale, Arizona
MVP
Offensive: #88 TE O.J. Howard, Jr., Alabama
Defensive: #4 SS Eddie Jackson, Jr. Alabama
Favorite
Alabama by 7[1][2]
National anthem
Ciara[3][4]
Eric Church (Championship Tailgate)
Canaan Smith (America the Beautiful)
Referee
Terry Leyden (Pac-12)
Attendance
75,765
United States TV coverage
Network
ESPN
Announcers
ESPN:
Chris Fowler (play-by-play)
Kirk Herbstreit (analyst)
Heather Cox (sideline reporter)
Tom Rinaldi (sideline reporter)
ESPN Deportes:
Eduardo Varela (play-by-play) Pablo Viruega (analyst)
ESPN Radio:
Mike Tirico (play-by-play)
Todd Blackledge (analyst)
Holly Rowe (sideline reporter)
Joe Schad (sideline reporter)
International TV coverage
Network
ESPN (Spanish and Portuguese)
Announcers
Eduardo Varela
Pablo Viruega
College Football Playoff National Championship
< 2015 2017 >
The 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship was a bowl game that determined the national champion of NCAA Division I FBS college football for the 2015 season. It was played at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona on January 11, 2016, and was the culminating game of the 2015–16 bowl season.
The game was played between the winners of two pre-designated semifinal bowls played on December 31, 2015: the No. 1 Clemson Tigers, who beat the No. 4 Oklahoma Sooners 37–17 at the Orange Bowl, coached by Dabo Swinney in his 8th season, and the No. 2 Alabama Crimson Tide, who shut out the No. 3 Michigan State Spartans 38–0 at the Cotton Bowl Classic, coached by Nick Saban.
The 13–1 Alabama Crimson Tide won the game, holding off the undefeated Clemson Tigers 45–40 in the fourth quarter. Accompanied by a talented receiving corps, Clemson's Heisman Finalist quarterback Deshaun Watson had a historic performance, setting the record for most total yards in national championship game history, with 478 yards (405 passing / 73 rushing) against the nation's third-ranked defense in Alabama, breaking the record previously set by Vince Young in the 2006 Rose Bowl.[5][6][7] Following the game, the AP Poll also named Alabama as its top team of the season, giving Alabama their fourth title in seven seasons.[8][9] Both Clemson and Alabama finished the season 14–1.
Contents
[hide]
1 2016 College Football Playoff
2 Host selection
3 Starting lineups
4 Game summary
4.1 Scoring summary
4.2 Statistics
5 Broadcasting
5.1 Local Radio
6 See also
7 References
2016 College Football Playoff[edit]
Semifinals 2016 Championship Game
December 31 – Orange Bowl
1 Clemson 37
4 Oklahoma 17
January 11 – National Championship
1 Clemson 40
2 Alabama 45
December 31 – Cotton Bowl Classic
2 Alabama 38
3 Michigan State 0
This bracket:
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Host selection[edit]
University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona was announced as the host site in December 2013, along with 2017 host Raymond James Stadium. The Arizona Organizing Committee, co-chaired by Brad Wright and Win Holden, hosted the game.
Starting lineups[edit]
Selected in an NFL Draft (number corresponds to draft round)
†= 2015 All-American
Alabama
Position
Position
Clemson
Offense
Calvin Ridley WR Artavis Scott
Cam Robinson 2 LT Mitch Hyatt
Ross Pierschbacher LG Eric Mac Lain
† Ryan Kelly 1 C Jay Guillermo
Alphonse Taylor RG Tyrone Crowder Jr.
Dominick Jackson RT Joe Gore
O. J. Howard 1 TE Jordan Leggett 5
ArDarius Stewart 3 WR Hunter Renfrow
Jake Coker QB † Deshaun Watson 1
† Derrick Henry 2 RB Wayne Gallman 4
Defense
† A'Shawn Robinson 2 DE | DE † Shaq Lawson 1
Jonathan Allen 1 NG | DT D. J. Reader 5
Jarran Reed 2 DE DT Carlos Watkins 4
Denzel Devall JLB DE Kevin Dodd 2
† Reggie Ragland 2 MLB SLB Travis Blanks
Reuben Foster 1 WLB MLB B. J. Goodson 4
Minkah Fitzpatrick CB WLB Ben Boulware
Cyrus Jones 2 CB Mackensie Alexander 2
Marlon Humphrey 1 CB Cordrea Tankersley 3
Eddie Jackson 4 bgcolor="#FFCC00" SS Jayron Kearse 7
Geno Matias-Smith FS T. J. Green 2
Game summary[edit]
Alabama came off a stellar defensive performance in the semifinal game, and was looking to contain Clemson's QB Deshaun Watson, but Alabama defense was quickly forced into conceding most of the field and stopping Clemson in the redzone. Alabama's offense was stressed at the line of scrimmage by Clemson's defensive line led by Shaq Lawson. Despite being statistically outplayed by Clemson (550 Clemson offensive yards to 473 Alabama) offensively and statistically tied in other areas, Alabama was able to capitalize on three key plays: an interception of Deshaun Watson's pass early in the second quarter, a surprise Alabama onside kick early in the fourth quarter, and an Alabama kickoff return for a touchdown in the middle of the fourth quarter. These plays accounted for 21 points, and Alabama won the game 45 to 40.
Having won the coin toss to start the game, Clemson elected to defer to the second half. Characteristic of Alabama, the offensive opening drive was slow and cautious but notable for utilizing Derrick Henry four times, a change from the semifinal game against Michigan State. Alabama and Clemson would trade punting drives before, on the next Alabama possession, Derrick Henry was utilized three times. On the third run, Derrick found an opening for a 50-yard touchdown run (7-0). However, on the next two Clemson possessions Deshaun Watson used his speed, agility, and elusiveness to sustain drives with a mixture of QB runs and fade routes against Alabama's top-ranked defense. Both drives ended in TD throws to Hunter Renfrow (7-14), the latter of which ended the first quarter.
On Alabama's next possession to start the second quarter, despite a promising start in a 29-yard pass to Richard Mullaney, Alabama's offensive line conceded a sack by Kevin Dodd and a tackle for loss on Derrick Henry. Characteristic of Alabama, facing third and long offensive coordinator Lane Kiffin opted for extra field position on a punt with a short throw to Ridley rather than attempting a first down pass. On the ensuing Clemson drive Deshaun Watson was intercepted by Eddie Jackson at the Clemson 42 yard line. The resulting Alabama possession culminated in a 1-yard TD run by Derrick Henry (14-14). After this flurry, both Clemson and Alabama played more cautiously as each of the three following possessions by both teams went no further than 40 yards. Clemson's last possession of the half resulted in a blocked field goal.
Going into the third quarter, Clemson opted to receive the ball but was forced into a quick three and out. On Alabama's next possession, TE OJ Howard found himself open in space for a 53-yard touchdown (21-14). Clemson responded with a mixture of QB runs, pass plays by Deshaun Watson, and key run plays by RB Wayne Gallman on its next two drives to get a 37-yard field goal by Greg Hugel (21-17) and a 1-yard touchdown run by Wayne Gallman (21-24). Both teams were then stalled for three and outs or near three and outs on their next two possessions to close the Third quarter.
On Alabama's first possession of the fourth quarter, Jake Coker found ArDarius Stewart in single man coverage for 38 yards. This gain, however, did not translate into a touchdown as the offense was stalled by good secondary play from Clemson. Alabama settled for a field goal from 33 yards to tie the game (24-24). On the ensuing kickoff Alabama gambled on a surprise onside kick, executed to perfection by Adam Griffith and caught by Marlon Humphrey. Alabama capitalized almost immediately with another 50+ touchdown pass to a wide open OJ Howard (31-24). Clemson pulled within 4 once again. However, Alabama's defense held in the red zone and forced a field goal from Clemson (31-27). On the ensuing kickoff, Alabama RB Kenyan Drake stunned Clemson by taking the ball 95 yards for an Alabama touchdown (38-27). Deshaun Watson quickly answered with an 8 play 75 yard touchdown drive which culminated in a 15-yard touchdown pass to WR Artavius Scott. In attempt to pull within three points of Alabama (and thus within a field goal of tying the game), Clemson attempted a two-point conversion with what morphed into a naked bootleg QB run by Deshaun Watson which was stopped short (38-33). On Alabama's next possession QB Jake Coker passed the ball in a checkdown screen to OJ Howard who, getting good blocking, ran for 63 yards. With less than 3 minutes left in the game, ran the ball up the middle to convert downs. After a key third down scramble for a first down by Jake Coker, Derrick Henry, on third down, broke the touchdown plane with the nose of the ball over the top of the goal line pile of players for a 1-yard TD run (45-33). A stellar performance by Deshaun Watson on a 55-second drive culminated in a 24-yard touchdown pass to Jordan Leggett with 12 seconds left on the clock (45-40). Clemson attempted an onside kick but the ball was recovered by Alabama sealing their victory. This was the fourth Alabama national championship win in seven years, first of the College Football Playoff era, and Head Coach Nick Saban's fifth overall.
Scoring summary[edit]
[hide]Scoring summary
Quarter
Time
Drive
Team
Scoring information
Score
Plays
Yards
TOP
ALA
CLEM
1 7:55 3 59 0:55 ALA Derrick Henry 50-yard touchdown run, Adam Griffith kick good 7 0
1 5:18 6 59 2:37 CLEM Hunter Renfrow 31-yard touchdown reception from Deshaun Watson, Greg Huegel kick good 7 7
1 0:00 7 73 2:17 CLEM Hunter Renfrow 11-yard touchdown reception from Deshaun Watson, Greg Huegel kick good 7 14
2 9:35 7 42 2:23 ALA Derrick Henry 1-yard touchdown run, Adam Griffith kick good 14 14
3 12:53 3 64 0:53 ALA O. J. Howard 53-yard touchdown reception from Jake Coker, Adam Griffith kick good 21 14
3 10:10 9 55 2:43 CLEM 37-yard field goal by Greg Huegel 21 17
3 4:48 9 60 3:38 CLEM Wayne Gallman 1-yard touchdown run, Greg Huegel kick good 21 24
4 10:34 8 64 2:33 ALA 33-yard field goal by Adam Griffith 24 24
4 9:45 2 50 0:49 ALA O. J. Howard 51-yard touchdown reception from Jake Coker, Adam Griffith kick good 31 24
4 7:47 6 61 1:58 CLEM 31-yard field goal by Greg Huegel 31 27
4 7:31 - - - ALA Kick returned 95 yards for touchdown by Kenyan Drake, Adam Griffith kick good 38 27
4 4:40 8 75 2:51 CLEM Artavis Scott 15-yard touchdown reception from Deshaun Watson, 2-point run failed 38 33
4 1:07 8 75 3:33 ALA Derrick Henry 1-yard touchdown run, Adam Griffith kick good 45 33
4 0:12 6 68 0:55 CLEM Jordan Leggett 24-yard touchdown reception from Deshaun Watson, Greg Huegel kick good 45 40
"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football.
45
40
Statistics[edit]
Statistics
Alabama
Clemson
First Downs 18 31
Plays–yards 71–473 85–550
Rushes–yards 46–138 38–145
Passing yards 335 405
Passing: Comp–Att–Int 11–25–0 37–47–1
Time of possession 30:31 29:29
Broadcasting[edit]
The game was broadcast in the United States by ESPN, ESPN Deportes, and ESPN Radio, with Chris Fowler and Kirk Herbstreit as English commentators on TV, and Eduardo Varela and Pablo Viruega as Spanish commentators. In Brazil, the game was broadcast on ESPN Brazil by Everaldo Marques (play by play) and Antony Curti (color commentator). As in 2015, ESPN provided Megacast coverage of the game, which supplemented coverage with analysis and additional perspectives of the game on different ESPN channels and platforms.[10][11]
An average of 23.6 million viewers watched the game, representing a 29% decrease over the 2015 title game, which was seen by 33.4 million viewers. The game was the sixth-highest-rated broadcast in U.S. cable television history (by contrast, the 2015 game was the highest-rated), and ESPN reported that the game brought the network its third-highest overnight ratings (behind the 2010 and 2015 title games).[12][13]
Local Radio[edit]
Network
Play-by-play
Color commentator(s)
Sideline reporter(s)
Studio Host(s)
WFFN–FM 95.3, WDGM-FM 99.1 and Crimson Tide Sports Network (Alabama)
WCCP-FM 105.5 and Clemson Tigers Sports Network (Clemson) Eli Gold
Don Munson Phil Savage
Rodney Williams Chris Stewart
Patrick Sapp
See also[edit]
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Alabama 6½- to 7-point favorite in title game vs. Clemson". FoxSports. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Vegas experts' guide to betting Alabama-Clemson". ABC News. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "College Football Playoff Announces National Championship Pregame Entertainment" (Press release). College Football Playoff. December 17, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ciara To Sing National Anthem At College Football Playoff". dfw.cbslocal.com. CBS Local DFW. December 18, 2015. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.ncaa.com/stats/football/fbs/current/team/22
Jump up ^ "Deshaun Watson has record night in national championship loss". Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hutchins, Andy. "How Deshaun Watson became a superstar". SBNation.com. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Final AP Poll: Alabama finishes No. 1 for 10th time; Stanford, OSU move up". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Alabama claims it has 16 national titles, but several are disputed". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ESPN brings the Megacast back for the College Football Playoff National Championship". Awful Announcing. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Details for ESPN's Megacast of the College Football Playoff title game". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ESPN College Football Title Game Ratings Drop 19% From 2015 Record". Broadcasting & Cable. NewBay Media. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Chicago Tribune (January 13, 2015). "New college football playoff draws larger TV audience for title game". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
[show]
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2015–16 NCAA football bowl game season
New Mexico (Dec. 19)
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Miami Beach (Dec. 21)
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Liberty (Jan. 2)
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Cactus (Jan. 2)
College Football Playoff games: Orange (semifinal) (Dec. 31)
Cotton (semifinal) (Dec. 31)
National Championship Game (Jan. 11)
All-Star Games: 2016 East–West Shrine Game (Jan. 23)
NFLPA Collegiate Bowl (Jan. 23)
Senior Bowl (Jan. 30)
[show]
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Championships
Overview
College Football Playoff National Championship
Games
2014 (Jan 2015)
2015 (Jan 2016)
2016 (Jan 2017)
2017 (Jan 2018)
2018
2019
Semifinal Bowls
Rose
2014 (Jan 2015), 2017 (Jan 2018)
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2014 (Jan 2015), 2017 (Jan 2018)
Orange
2015 (Dec 2015), 2018
Cotton
2015 (Dec 2015), 2018
Peach
2016 (Dec 2016), 2019
Fiesta
2016 (Dec 2016), 2019
Other
List of College Football Playoff games
New Year's Six
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NCAA Division I FBS champions
Mythical national championship
Plus-One system
Power Five conferences
[show]
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Alabama Crimson Tide bowl games
1926 Rose Bowl
1927 Rose Bowl
1931 Rose Bowl
1935 Rose Bowl
1938 Rose Bowl
1942 Cotton Bowl Classic
1943 Orange Bowl
1945 Sugar Bowl
1946 Rose Bowl
1948 Sugar Bowl
1953 Orange Bowl
1954 Cotton Bowl Classic
1959 Liberty Bowl
1960 Bluebonnet Bowl
1962 Sugar Bowl
1963 Orange Bowl
1964 Sugar Bowl
1965 Orange Bowl
1966 Orange Bowl
1967 Sugar Bowl
1968 Cotton Bowl Classic
1968 Gator Bowl
1969 Liberty Bowl
1970 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
1972 Orange Bowl
1973 Cotton Bowl Classic
1973 Sugar Bowl
1975 Orange Bowl
1975 Sugar Bowl
1976 Liberty Bowl
1978 Sugar Bowl
1979 Sugar Bowl
1980 Sugar Bowl
1981 Cotton Bowl Classic
1982 Cotton Bowl Classic
1982 Liberty Bowl
1983 Sun Bowl
1985 Aloha Bowl
1986 Sun Bowl
1988 Hall of Fame Bowl
1988 Sun Bowl
1990 Sugar Bowl
1991 Fiesta Bowl
1991 Blockbuster Bowl
1993 Sugar Bowl #
1993 Gator Bowl
1995 Florida Citrus Bowl
1997 Outback Bowl
1998 Music City Bowl
2000 Orange Bowl
2001 Independence Bowl
2004 Music City Bowl
2006 Cotton Bowl Classic
2006 Independence Bowl
2007 Independence Bowl
2009 Sugar Bowl
2010 BCS National Championship Game #
2011 Capital One Bowl
2012 BCS National Championship Game #
2013 BCS National Championship Game #
2014 Sugar Bowl
2015 Sugar Bowl /
2015 Cotton Bowl Classic /
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship #
2016 Peach Bowl /
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship #
Pound sign (#) denotes national championship game. Forward slash (/) denotes College Football Playoff semifinal game
[show]
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Clemson Tigers bowl games
1940 Cotton Bowl Classic
1949 Gator Bowl
1951 Orange Bowl
1952 Gator Bowl
1957 Orange Bowl
1959 Sugar Bowl
1959 Bluebonnet Bowl
1977 Gator Bowl
1978 Gator Bowl
1979 Peach Bowl
1982 Orange Bowl #
1985 Independence Bowl
1986 Gator Bowl
1988 Florida Citrus Bowl
1989 Florida Citrus Bowl
1989 Gator Bowl
1991 Hall of Fame Bowl
1992 Florida Citrus Bowl
1993 Peach Bowl
1996 Gator Bowl
1996 Peach Bowl
1998 Peach Bowl
1999 Peach Bowl
2001 Gator Bowl
2001 Humanitarian Bowl
2002 Tangerine Bowl
2004 Peach Bowl
2005 Champs Sports Bowl
2006 Music City Bowl
2007 Chick-fil-A Bowl
2009 Gator Bowl
2009 Music City Bowl
2010 Meineke Car Care Bowl
2012 Orange Bowl
2012 Chick-fil-A Bowl
2014 Orange Bowl
2014 Russell Athletic Bowl
2015 Orange Bowl
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship #
2016 Fiesta Bowl
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship #
Pound sign (#) denotes national championship game.
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text:
China at the FIFA World Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II.
This article is about the People's Republic of China national football team's recent record at the FIFA World Cup.
Contents
1 History
2 Records
2.1 Record by opponent
3 China at South Korea/Japan 2002
3.1 Group C
4 Record players
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The China national team was founded in 1924 and joined FIFA in 1931–1958, and then from 1979. China first entered World Cup qualification in 1957 in an attempt to qualify for the 1958 FIFA World Cup. China failed to score a goal in their maiden World Cup appearance in 2002. However, qualifying for the tournament has been considered the greatest accomplishment in China's football history. As football is widely followed in China, triumph by the national team is considered to be a source of national pride. Around 300 million people tuned into broadcasts of China's World Cup 2002 matches, with 170 million new television sets being purchased by citizens in order to watch their nation's first World Cup appearance.[1] The team is colloquially referred to as Team China (中国队), the National Team (国家队) or Guozu (国足, lit. "national foot" also meaning national football).
Records[edit]
Year
Round
Position
GP
W
D*
L
GS
GA
1930 to 1954 Did not enter
1958 Did not qualify
1962 to 1978 Did not enter
1982 to 1998 Did not qualify
2002 Group Stage 31st 3 0 0 3 0 9
2006 to 2018 Did not qualify
Total 1/21 - 3 0 0 3 0 9
*Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.
Record by opponent[edit]
FIFA World Cup matches (by team)
Opponent
Wins
Draws
Losses
Total
Goals Scored
Goals Conceded
Brazil 0 0 1 1 0 4
Costa Rica 0 0 1 1 0 2
Turkey 0 0 1 1 0 3
China at South Korea/Japan 2002[edit]
show
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t
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China Squad – 2002 FIFA World Cup
1 An Qi
2 Zhang Enhua
3 Yang Pu
4 Wu Chengying
5 Fan Zhiyi
6 Shao Jiayi
7 Sun Jihai
8 Li Tie
9 Ma Mingyu (c)
10 Hao Haidong
11 Yu Genwei
12 Su Maozhen
13 Gao Yao
14 Li Weifeng
15 Zhao Junzhe
16 Qu Bo
17 Du Wei
18 Li Xiaopeng
19 Qi Hong
20 Yang Chen
21 Xu Yunlong
22 Jiang Jin
23 Ou Chuliang
Coach: Milutinović
Group C[edit]
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Brazil 3 3 0 0 11 3 +8 9
Turkey 3 1 1 1 5 3 +2 4
Costa Rica 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
China PR 3 0 0 3 0 9 −9 0
4 June 200215:30
China PR
0 – 2
Costa Rica
(Report) Gómez 61'
Wright 65'
Gwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju
Attendance: 27,217
Referee: Kyros Vassaras (Greece)
8 June 200220:30
Brazil
4 – 0
China PR
Roberto Carlos 15'
Rivaldo 32'
Ronaldinho 45' (pen.)
Ronaldo 55' (Report)
Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo
Attendance: 36,750
Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)
13 June 200215:30
Turkey
3 – 0
China PR
Şaş 6'
Korkmaz 9'
Davala 85' (Report)
Seoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul
Attendance: 43,605
Referee: Óscar Ruiz (Colombia)
Record players[edit]
Defender Li Weifeng (here in 2009) played through all of China's World Cup matches.
Eight players were fielded in all three of China's World Cup matches in 2002.
No.
Name
Matches
1 Hao Haidong 3
Jiang Jin 3
Li Tie 3
Li Weifeng 3
Li Xiaopeng 3
Qu Bo 3
Wu Chengying 3
Xu Yunlong 3
References[edit]
Jump up ^ FootballAsia.com, Asian Cup final smashes viewing records, 12 August 2004.
External links[edit]
FIFA Official Ranking of all Participants at Finals 1930–2002. FIFA Match Results for all Stages 1930–2002
FIFA official site
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Countries at the FIFA World Cup
Team appearances
Teams with no appearances
All-time table
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Iceland
Israel2
Italy
Netherlands
Northern Ireland
Norway
Poland
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Republic of Ireland
Romania
Russia1
Scotland
Serbia1
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1 Considered a successor team by FIFA, or have competed under another name(s). 2 Have been member of multiple confederations. 3 Team and national federation no longer exist.
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text:
Timeline of space travel by nationality
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Map of countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of September 2015.
Note: citizens from the now-defunct East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet Union have also flown in space.
Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 40 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 3 of the 40 "first flyers" have been women (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, and Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own manned spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-six "first flights" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried thirteen.
Contents
[hide]
1 Timeline
2 Notes
3 Other claims
4 Gallery
5 References
6 External links
Timeline[edit]
Note: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.
No.
Country
Name
Flight
Date (UTC)
1960s
1 Soviet Union[1] Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1[2] 12 April 1961
2 United States[3] Alan Shepard MR-3 5 May 1961
1970s
3 Czechoslovakia[4] Vladimír Remek Soyuz 28 2 March 1978
4 Poland Mirosław Hermaszewski Soyuz 30 27 June 1978
5 East Germany[5] Sigmund Jähn Soyuz 31 26 August 1978
6 Bulgaria Georgi Ivanov Soyuz 33 10 April 1979
1980s
7 Hungary Bertalan Farkas Soyuz 36 26 May 1980
8 Vietnam Phạm Tuân Soyuz 37 23 July 1980
9 Cuba Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez Soyuz 38 18 September 1980
10 Mongolia Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Soyuz 39 22 March 1981
11 Romania Dumitru Prunariu Soyuz 40 14 May 1981
12 France Jean-Loup Chrétien Soyuz T-6 24 June 1982
13 West Germany[5] Ulf Merbold STS-9 28 November 1983
14 India Rakesh Sharma Soyuz T-11 3 April 1984
15 Canada Marc Garneau STS-41-G 5 October 1984
16 Saudi Arabia Sultan al-Saud STS-51-G 17 June 1985
17 Netherlands Wubbo Ockels STS-61-A 30 October 1985
18 Mexico Rodolfo Neri Vela STS-61-B 26 November 1985
19 Syria Muhammed Faris Soyuz TM-3 22 July 1987
20 Afghanistan Abdul Ahad Mohmand Soyuz TM-6 29 August 1988
1990s
21 Japan Toyohiro Akiyama[6][1] Soyuz TM-11 2 December 1990
22 United Kingdom Helen Sharman[6][1] Soyuz TM-12 18 May 1991
23 Austria Franz Viehböck Soyuz TM-13 2 October 1991
24 Russia[1] Aleksandr Kaleri
Aleksandr Viktorenko Soyuz TM-14 17 March 1992
25 Belgium Dirk Frimout STS-45 24 March 1992
26 Italy Franco Malerba STS-46 31 July 1992
27 Switzerland Claude Nicollier STS-46 31 July 1992
28 Ukraine[1] Leonid Kadenyuk STS-87 19 November 1997
29 Spain Pedro Duque STS-95 29 October 1998
30 Slovakia[4] Ivan Bella Soyuz TM-29 20 February 1999
2000s
31 South Africa Mark Shuttleworth[6][2] Soyuz TM-34 25 April 2002
32 Israel[7] Ilan Ramon STS-107 16 January 2003
33 China Yang Liwei Shenzhou 5 15 October 2003
34 Brazil Marcos Pontes Soyuz TMA-8 30 March 2006
35 Iran[8] Anousheh Ansari[6][3] Soyuz TMA-9 18 September 2006
36 Sweden Christer Fuglesang STS-116 10 December 2006
37 Malaysia Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Soyuz TMA-11 10 October 2007
38 South Korea Yi So-yeon Soyuz TMA-12 8 April 2008
2010s
39 Denmark Andreas Mogensen Soyuz TMA-18M 2 September 2015
40 Kazakhstan[1] Aidyn Aimbetov Soyuz TMA-18M 2 September 2015
Notes[edit]
The first cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, held citizenship in both the Soviet Union and the Russian SFSR, according to the applicable provisions of the Constitution of the Soviet Union. In 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved, and was replaced by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. At the time of the dissolution, Sergei Krikalev and Alexander Volkov were orbiting Earth on Mir, having been launched into orbit as Soviet citizens, and having returned to the Earth as Russian citizens. Kaleri and Viktorenko were the first Russians to be launched into orbit as Russian citizens only, their launch having occurred subsequent to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, the Vostok missions are not deemed true spaceflights, as cosmonauts did not land with the spacecraft (they ejected from the spacecraft and landed separately). The first Soviet mission that did fulfill this requirement was Voskhod 1. (Reference: "FAI Astronautic Records Commission – Sporting Code Section 8" (PDF). Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-26. Retrieved 2006-04-09. ) However, despite this issue, the FAI does recognize Yuri Gagarin as the first person to complete a spaceflight. (Reference: "FAI Award: The Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-10-10. )
Shepard's spaceflight was suborbital. The first American to be launched into Earth orbit was John Glenn, on 20 February 1962.
In 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolved and was replaced by the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
In 1978, both Jähn himself and the German Democratic Republic pronounced him the "first German in space", rather than the first "citizen of the German Democratic Republic in space". In 1990, the states of the former East Germany acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany. On 22 January 1992, Ulf Merbold again traveled into space, now representing the reunited Germany within the Federal Republic of Germany. Jähn is, nevertheless, still considered the first German in space, even in the states of the Federal Republic of Germany that comprised the former West Germany.
This person flew as a commercial, non-governmental space traveller. Apart from Akiyama and Sharman, these space travellers are known as space tourists.
Ilan Ramon was the first Israeli to go into space, but Ramon died during reentry during the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Again, this was not deemed a complete spaceflight under FAI rules.
Although recognized as an Iranian citizen by Iranian law, Ansari is also an American citizen and was prohibited from wearing Iranian state symbols by both the United States and Russian governments.
Other claims[edit]
The above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:
Pavel Popovich, first launched 12 August 1962, was the first Ukrainian-born man in space. At the time, Ukraine was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space.
William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space.
Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space. At the time, Kazakhstan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Bill Pogue, first launched 16 November 1973, as an inductee to the 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame can lay claim to being the first Native American in space. See John Herrington below regarding technicality of tribal registration.
Pyotr Klimuk, first launched 18 December 1973, was the first Belorussian-born man in space. At the time, Belarus was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, first launched 16 March 1978, was the first Uzbek-born man in space. At the time, Uzbekistan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Lodewijk van den Berg, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in the Netherlands, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Patrick Baudry, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), but was a French citizen when he went into space.
Shannon Lucid, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.
Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched 12 January 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space[4]
Musa Manarov, first launched 21 December 1987, was the first Azerbaijan-born man in space. At the time, Azerbaijan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Anatoly Solovyev, first launched 7 June 1988, was the first Latvian-born man in space. At the time, Latvia was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov became Russian rather than Soviet citizens while still in orbit aboard Mir, making them the first purely Russian citizens in space.
James H. Newman, American citizen, first launched 12 September 1993, was born in the portion of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that is now the Federated States of Micronesia.
Talgat Musabayev, first launched 1 July 1994, was born in the Kazakh SSR and is known in Kazakhstan as the "first cosmonaut of independent Kazakhstan",[5] but was a Russian citizen when he went into space.[6]
Frederick W. Leslie, American citizen, first launched 20 October 1995, was born in Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).
Carlos I. Noriega, first launched 15 May 1997, was born in Peru, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Bjarni Tryggvason, first launched 7 August 1997, was born in Iceland, but was a Canadian citizen when he went into space.
Salizhan Sharipov, first launched 22 January 1998, was born in Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz SSR), but was a Russian citizen when he went into space. Sharipov is of Uzbek ancestry.
Philippe Perrin, first launched 5 June 2002, was born in Morocco, but was a French citizen when he went into space.
John Herrington, an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first tribal registered Native American in space (Chickasaw). See also Bill Pogue above.
Fyodor Yurchikhin, first launched 7 October 2002, was born in Georgia (then the Georgian SSR). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of Pontian Greek descent.
Joseph M. Acaba, first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the U.S. state of California to American parents of Puerto Rican descent.
Gallery[edit]
The Soviet Union's Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space.
Alan Shepard from the United States of America, the second nation to send a person into space.
Yang Liwei of China, the third nation to launch a person into space.
Vladimír Remek of Czechoslovakia, the first Czechoslovak national in space.
Mirosław Hermaszewski of Poland, the first Polish national in space.
Sigmund Jähn of East Germany, the first German in space.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "BBC News - Sci/Tech - Expensive ticket to ride". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - SCI/TECH - Space tourist lifts off". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - Science/Nature - Lift-off for woman space tourist". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ MAN IN THE NEWS: FRANKLIN R. CHANG-DIAZ; A DREAMER IN SPACE, Malcolm W. Browne, The New York Times, January 13, 1986
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2015-08-19.
Jump up ^ Bukharbayeva, Bagila (20 June 2004). "Kazakhstan Gets a Bigger Say in Space Launch Site". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
External links[edit]
Current Space Demographics, compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA.
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values: Anexo:Astronautas por nacionalidad ordenada cronológicamente – Spanish

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