text:
Animal nutrition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Animal nutrition focuses on the dietary needs of animals, primarily those in agriculture and food production, but also in zoos, aquariums and wildlife management.
There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, proteins, vitamins, and water.
The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in joules or calories (sometimes called "kilocalories" and on other rare occasions written with a capital C to distinguish them from little 'c' calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram.,[1] though the net energy from either depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons. A third class dietary material, fiber (i.e., non-digestible material such as cellulose), seems also to be required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, though the exact reasons remain unclear.
Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are triglycerides, made of assorted fatty acid monomers bound to glycerol backbone. Some fatty acids, but not all, are essential in the diet: they cannot be synthesized in the body. Protein molecules contain nitrogen atoms in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The fundamental components of protein are nitrogen-containing amino acids, some of which are essential in the sense that humans cannot make them internally. Some of the amino acids are convertible (with the expenditure of energy) to glucose and can be used for energy production just as ordinary glucose. By breaking down existing protein, some glucose can be produced internally; the remaining amino acids are discarded, primarily as urea in urine. This occurs normally only during prolonged starvation.
Other dietary substances found in plant foods (phytochemicals, polyphenols) are not identified as essential nutrients but appear to impact health in both positive and negative ways. Most foods contain a mix of some or all of the nutrient classes, together with other substances. Some nutrients can be stored internally (e.g., the fat soluble vitamins), while others are required more or less continuously. Poor health can be caused by a lack of required nutrients or, in extreme cases, too much of a required nutrient. For example, both salt provides sodium and chloride, both essential nutrients, but will cause illness or even death in too large amounts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Heterotrophs and autotrophs
2 Fat
2.1 Essential fatty acids
3 Fibre
4 Protein
5 Minerals
5.1 Macrominerals
5.2 Trace minerals
6 Vitamins
7 Water
8 Other nutrients
8.1 Antioxidants
8.2 Phytochemicals
8.3 Ash
8.4 Intestinal bacterial flora
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Heterotrophs and autotrophs[edit]
Autotrophs~ Those organisms which can make food on their own, from simple substances, are known as autotrophs. This is because green plants chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis. In other words, green plants have autotrophic mode of nutrition.
Heterotrophs~ The organisms which cannot make food themselves by the process of photosynthesis and take food from green plants or animals, are called heterotrophs. All non-green plants do not have chlorophyll for carrying the process of photosynthesis. So, they depend other organisms for obtaining food.
Fat[edit]
This article duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically, Human nutrition#Fat. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. (March 2013)
Main article: Fat
A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms! in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation.
Many studies have shown that unsaturated fats, particularly monounsaturated fats, are best in the human diet. Saturated fats, typically from animal sources, are next, while trans fats are to be avoided. Saturated and some trans fats are typically solid at room temperature (such as butter or lard), while unsaturated fats are typically liquids (such as olive oil or flaxseed oil). Trans fats are very rare in nature, but have properties useful in the food processing industry, such as rancid resistance.[citation needed]
Essential fatty acids[edit]
Main article: Essential fatty acids
Most fatty acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them as needed, generally from other fatty acids and always by expending energy to do so. However, in humans at least two fatty acids are essential and must be included in the diet. An appropriate balance of essential fatty acids -— omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids -— seems also important for health, though definitive experimental demonstration has been elusive. Both of these "omega" long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for a class of eicosanoids known as prostaglandins, which have roles throughout the human body. They are hormones, in some respects. The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), or taken in through marine food sources, serves as a building block for series 3 prostaglandins (e.g. weakly inflammatory PGE3). The omega-6 dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) serves as a building block for series 1 prostaglandins (e.g. anti-inflammatory PGE1), whereas arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a building block for series 2 prostaglandins (e.g. pro-inflammatory PGE 2). Both DGLA and AA can be made from the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) in the human body, or can be taken in directly through food. An appropriately balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 partly determines the relative production of different prostaglandins: one reason a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 is believed important for cardiovascular health. In industrialized societies, people typically consume large amounts of processed vegetable oils, which have reduced amounts of the essential fatty acids along with too much of omega-6 fatty acids relative to omega-3 fatty acids.
The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e. cell division).
Good sources of essential fatty acids include most vegetables, nuts, seeds, and marine oils,[2] Some of the best sources are fish, flax seed oils, soy beans, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and walnuts.
Fibre[edit]
Main article: Dietary fiber
Dietary fibre is a carbohydrate (polysaccharide or oligosaccharide) that is incompletely absorbed in humans and in some animals. Like all carbohydrates, when it is metabolized it can produce four calories (kilocalories) of energy per gram. But in most circumstances, it accounts for less than that because of its limited absorption and digestibility. Dietary fiber consists mainly of cellulose, a large carbohydrate polymer that is indigestible because humans do not have the required enzymes to disassemble it. There are two subcategories: soluble and insoluble fibre. Whole grains, fruits (especially plums, prunes, and figs), and vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber. Fiber is important to digestive health and is thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer.[3] For mechanical reasons it can help in alleviating both constipation and diarrhea. Fiber provides bulk to the intestinal contents, and insoluble fiber especially stimulates peristalsis—the rhythmic muscular contractions of the intestines which move digesta along the digestive tract. Some soluble fibers produce a solution of high viscosity; this is essentially a gel, which slows the movement of food through the intestines. Additionally, fiber, perhaps especially that from whole grains, may help lessen insulin spikes and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Protein[edit]
This article duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically, Human nutrition#Protein. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. (March 2013)
Most meats such as chicken contain all the essential amino acids needed for humans
Main article: Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are the basis of many animal body structures (e.g. muscles, skin, and hair). They also form the enyzmes which control chemical reactions throughout the body. Each molecule is composed of amino acids which are characterized by inclusion of nitrogen and sometimes sulphur (these components are responsible for the distinctive smell of burning protein, such as the keratin in hair). The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins (protein retention) and to replace damaged proteins (maintenance). As there is no protein or amino acid storage provision, amino acids must be present in the diet. Excess amino acids are discarded, typically in the urine. For all animals, some amino acids are essential (an animal cannot produce them internally) and some are non-essential (the animal can produce them from other nitrogen-containing compounds). About twenty amino acids are found in the human body, and about ten of these are essential, and therefore must be included in the diet. A diet that contains adequate amounts of amino acids (especially those that are essential) is particularly important in some situations: during early development and maturation, pregnancy, lactation, or injury (a burn, for instance). A complete protein source contains all the essential amino acids; an incomplete protein source lacks one or more of the essential amino acids.
It is possible to combine two incomplete protein sources (e.g. rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions. Sources of dietary protein include meats, tofu and other soy-products, eggs, grains, legumes, and dairy products such as milk and cheese. A few amino acids from protein can be converted into glucose and used for fuel through a process called gluconeogenesis; this is done in quantity only during starvation. The amino acids remaining after such conversion are discarded.
Minerals[edit]
Main article: Mineral (nutrient)
Dietary minerals are the chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen that are present in nearly all organic molecules. The term "mineral" is archaic, since the intent is to describe simply the less common elements in the diet. Some are heavier than the four just mentioned—including several metals, which often occur as ions in the body. Some dietitians recommend that these be supplied from foods in which they occur naturally, or at least as complex compounds, or sometimes even from natural inorganic sources (such as calcium carbonate from ground oyster shells). Some are absorbed much more readily in the ionic forms found in such sources. On the other hand, minerals are often artificially added to the diet as supplements; the most famous is likely iodine in iodized salt which prevents goiter.
Macrominerals[edit]
Many elements are essential in relative quantity; they are usually called "bulk minerals". Some are structural, but many play a role as electrolytes.[4] Elements with recommended dietary allowance (RDA) greater than 200 mg/day are, in alphabetical order (with informal or folk-medicine perspectives in parentheses):
Calcium, a common electrolyte, but also needed structurally structural (for muscle and digestive system health, bones, some forms neutralizes acidity, may help clear toxins, and provide signaling ions for nerve and membrane functions)
Chlorine as chloride ions; very common electrolyte; see sodium, below
Magnesium, required for processing ATP and related reactions (builds bone, causes strong peristalsis, increases flexibility, increases alkalinity)
Phosphorus, required component of bones; essential for energy processing[5]
Potassium, a very common electrolyte (heart and nerve health)
Sodium, a very common electrolyte; not generally found in dietary supplements, despite being needed in large quantities, because the ion is very common in food: typically as sodium chloride, or common salt
Sulfur for three essential amino acids and therefore many proteins (skin, hair, nails, liver, and pancreas)
Trace minerals[edit]
Many elements are required in trace amounts, usually because they play a catalytic role in enzymes.[6] Some trace mineral elements (RDA < 200 mg/day) are, in alphabetical order:
Cobalt required for biosynthesis of vitamin B12 family of coenzymes
Copper required component of many redox enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase
Chromium required for sugar metabolism
Iodine required not only for the biosynthesis of thyroxin, but probably, for other important organs as breast, stomach, salivary glands, thymus etc. (see Extrathyroidal iodine); for this reason iodine is needed in larger quantities than others in this list, and sometimes classified with the macrominerals
Iron required for many enzymes, and for hemoglobin and some other proteins
Manganese (processing of oxygen)
Molybdenum required for xanthine oxidase and related oxidases
Nickel present in urease
Selenium required for peroxidase (antioxidant proteins)
Vanadium (Speculative: there is no established RDA for vanadium. No specific biochemical function has been identified for it in humans, although vanadium is required for some lower organisms.)
Zinc required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase
Vitamins[edit]
Main article: Vitamin
As with the minerals discussed above, some vitamins are recognized as essential nutrients, necessary in the diet for good health. (Vitamin D is the exception: it can alternatively be synthesized in the skin, in the presence of UVB radiation.) Certain vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine, are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not "essential" dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds. Moreover, thousands of different phytochemicals have recently been discovered in food (particularly in fresh vegetables), which may have desirable properties including antioxidant activity (see below); experimental demonstration has been suggestive but inconclusive. Other essential nutrients not classed as vitamins include essential amino acids (see above), choline, essential fatty acids (see above), and the minerals discussed in the preceding section.
Vitamin deficiencies may result in disease conditions: goitre, scurvy, osteoporosis, impaired immune system, disorders of cell metabolism, certain forms of cancer, symptoms of premature aging, and poor psychological health (including eating disorders), among many others.[7] Excess of some vitamins is also dangerous to health (notably vitamin A), and animal nutrition researchers have managed to establish safe levels for some common companion animals.[8] For at least one vitamin, B6, toxicity begins at levels not far above the required amount. Deficiency or excess of minerals can also have serious health consequences.
Water[edit]
This article duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically, Human nutrition#Water. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. (March 2013)
Main article: Drinking water
A manual water pump in China
About 70% of the non-fat mass of the human body is made of water.[9] Analysis of Adipose Tissue in Relation to Body Weight Loss in Man. Retrieved from Journal of Applied To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors.[citation needed] With physical exertion and heat exposure, water loss increases and daily fluid needs will eventually increase as well.
It is not fully clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, although some experts assert that 8–10 glasses of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration.[10] The notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source.[11] The effect of, greater or lesser, water intake on weight loss and on constipation is also still unclear.[12] The original water intake recommendation in 1945 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council read: "An ordinary standard for diverse persons is 1 milliliter for each calorie of food. Most of this quantity is contained in prepared foods."[13] The latest dietary reference intake report by the United States National Research Council recommended, generally, (including food sources): 2.7 liters of water total for women and 3.7 liters for men.[14] Specifically, pregnant and breastfeeding women need additional fluids to stay hydrated. According to the Institute of Medicine—who recommend that, on average, women consume 2.2 litres and men 3.0 litres—this is recommended to be 2.4 litres (approx. 9 cups) for pregnant women and 3 litres (approx. 12.5 cups) for breastfeeding women since an especially large amount of fluid is lost during nursing.[15]
People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication, which can be fatal. In particular large amounts of de-ionized water are dangerous.
Normally, about 20 percent of water intake comes in food, while the rest comes from drinking water and assorted beverages (caffeinated included). Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms; including urine and feces, sweating, and by water vapor in the exhaled breath.
Other nutrients[edit]
This article duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically, Human nutrition#Other compounds. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. (March 2013)
Other micronutrients include antioxidants and phytochemicals. These substances are generally more recent discoveries which have not yet been recognized as vitamins or as required. Phytochemicals may act as antioxidants, but not all phytochemicals are antioxidants.[citation needed]
Antioxidants[edit]
Main article: Antioxidant
Antioxidants are a recent discovery. As cellular metabolism/energy production requires oxygen, potentially damaging (e.g. mutation causing) compounds known as free radicals can form. Most of these are oxidizers (i.e. acceptors of electrons) and some react very strongly. For normal cellular maintenance, growth, and division, these free radicals must be sufficiently neutralized by antioxidant compounds. Some are produced by the human body with adequate precursors (glutathione, Vitamin C) and those the body cannot produce may only be obtained in the diet via direct sources (Vitamin C in humans, Vitamin A, Vitamin K) or produced by the body from other compounds (Beta-carotene converted to Vitamin A by the body, Vitamin D synthesized from cholesterol by sunlight). Phytochemicals (Section Below) and their subgroup polyphenols are the majority of antioxidants; about 4,000 are known. Different antioxidants are now known to function in a cooperative network, e.g. vitamin C can reactivate free radical-containing glutathione or vitamin E by accepting the free radical itself, and so on. Some antioxidants are more effective than others at neutralizing different free radicals. Some cannot neutralize certain free radicals. Some cannot be present in certain areas of free radical development (Vitamin A is fat-soluble and protects fat areas, Vitamin C is water soluble and protects those areas). When interacting with a free radical, some antioxidants produce a different free radical compound that is less dangerous or more dangerous than the previous compound. Having a variety of antioxidants allows any byproducts to be safely dealt with by more efficient antioxidants in neutralizing a free radical's butterfly effect.
Phytochemicals[edit]
Blackberries are a source of polyphenol antioxidants
Main article: Phytochemical
A growing area of interest is the effect upon human health of trace chemicals, collectively called phytochemicals. These nutrients are typically found in edible plants, especially colorful fruits and vegetables, but also other organisms including seafood, algae, and fungi. The effects of phytochemicals increasingly survive rigorous testing by prominent health organizations. One of the principal classes of phytochemicals are polyphenol antioxidants, chemicals which are known to provide certain health benefits to the cardiovascular system and immune system. These chemicals are known to down-regulate the formation of reactive oxygen species, key chemicals in cardiovascular disease.
Perhaps the most rigorously tested phytochemical is zeaxanthin, a yellow-pigmented carotenoid present in many yellow and orange fruits and vegetables. Repeated studies have shown a strong correlation between ingestion of zeaxanthin and the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).[16] Less rigorous studies have proposed a correlation between zeaxanthin intake and cataracts.[17] A second carotenoid, lutein, has also been shown to lower the risk of contracting AMD. Both compounds have been observed to collect in the retina when ingested orally, and they serve to protect the rods and cones against the destructive effects of light.
Another carotenoid, beta-cryptoxanthin, appears to protect against chronic joint inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. While the association between serum blood levels of beta-cryptoxanthin and substantially decreased joint disease has been established, neither a convincing mechanism for such protection nor a cause-and-effect have been rigorously studied.[18] Similarly, a red phytochemical, lycopene, has substantial credible evidence of negative association with development of prostate cancer.
The correlations between the ingestion of some phytochemicals and the prevention of disease are, in some cases, enormous in magnitude.
Even when the evidence is obtained, translating it to practical dietary advice can be difficult and counter-intuitive. Lutein, for example, occurs in many yellow and orange fruits and vegetables and protects the eyes against various diseases. However, it does not protect the eye nearly as well as zeaxanthin, and the presence of lutein in the retina will prevent zeaxanthin uptake. Additionally, evidence has shown that the lutein present in egg yolk is more readily absorbed than the lutein from vegetable sources, possibly because of fat solubility.[19] At the most basic level, the question "should you eat eggs?" is complex to the point of dismay, including misperceptions about the health effects of cholesterol in egg yolk, and its saturated fat content.
As another example, lycopene is prevalent in tomatoes (and actually is the chemical that gives tomatoes their red color). It is more highly concentrated, however, in processed tomato products such as commercial pasta sauce, or tomato soup, than in fresh "healthy" tomatoes. Yet, such sauces tend to have high amounts of salt, sugar, other substances a person may wish or even need to avoid.
The following table presents phytochemical groups and common sources, arranged by family:
Family
Sources
Possible Benefits
flavonoids berries, herbs, vegetables, wine, grapes, tea general antioxidant, oxidation of LDLs, prevention of arteriosclerosis and heart disease
isoflavones (phytoestrogens) soy, red clover, kudzu root general antioxidant, prevention of arteriosclerosis and heart disease, easing symptoms of menopause, cancer prevention[20]
isothiocyanates cruciferous vegetables cancer prevention
monoterpenes citrus peels, essential oils, herbs, spices, green plants, atmosphere[21] cancer prevention, treating gallstones
organosulfur compounds chives, garlic, onions cancer prevention, lowered LDLs, assistance to the immune system
saponins beans, cereals, herbs Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia, Antioxidant, cancer prevention,
Anti-inflammatory
capsaicinoids all capiscum (chile) peppers topical pain relief, cancer prevention, cancer cell apoptosis
Ash[edit]
Though not really a nutrient as such, an entry for ash is sometimes found on nutrition labels, especially for pet food. This entry measures the weight of inorganic material left over after the food is burned for two hours at 600 °C. Thus, it does not include water, fibre, and nutrients that provide calories, but it does include some nutrients, such as minerals [22]
There have been some concerns that too much ash may contribute to feline urological syndrome in domestic cats.[23]
Intestinal bacterial flora[edit]
Main article: Gut flora
It is now also known that animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, these include species such as Bacteroides, L. acidophilus and E. coli, among many others. They are essential to digestion, and are also affected by the food we eat. Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12, and defending against some infectious diseases.
See also[edit]
Human nutrition
Animal nutritionist
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Berg J, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (2002). Biochemistry (5th ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. p. 603. ISBN 0-7167-4684-0.
Jump up ^ Barker, Helen M. (2002). Nutrition and dietetics for health care. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 17. ISBN 0-443-07021-0. OCLC 48917971
Jump up ^ Reddy, B.S., 1999. Role of dietary fiber in colon cancer: an overview. The American journal of medicine, 106(1), pp.16-19.
Jump up ^ Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2000). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishing. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.
Jump up ^ D. E. C. Corbridge (1995). Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology (5th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.
Jump up ^ Lippard, S. J.; Berg, J. M. (1994). Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. ISBN 0-935702-73-3.
Jump up ^ Shils; et al. (2005). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-4133-5.
Jump up ^ Morris PJ, Salt C, Raila J, Brenten T, Kohn B, Schweigert FJ, Zentek J. Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012; 108(10):1800-1809.
Jump up ^ Goldwater, William. "Analysis of Adipose Tissue in relation to Body Weight Loss in Man". Journal of Applied Physiology. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Healthy Water Living". BBC. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Drink at least eight glasses of water a day." Really? Is there scientific evidence for "8 × 8"? by Heinz Valdin, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire
Jump up ^ Drinking Water - How Much?, Factsmart.org web site and references within
Jump up ^ Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences. Recommended Dietary Allowances, revised 1945. National Research Council, Reprint and Circular Series, No. 122, 1945 (Aug), p. 3-18.
Jump up ^ Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate Archived December 18, 2005, at the Wayback Machine., Food and Nutrition Board
Jump up ^ "Water: How much should you drink every day? - MayoClinic.com". MayoClinic.com<!. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
Jump up ^ Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al. (November 1994). "Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group". JAMA. 272 (18): 1413–20. doi:10.1001/jama.272.18.1413. PMID 7933422. See http://www.mdsupport.org/library/zeaxanthin.html.
Jump up ^ Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Greger JL (May 1999). "Antioxidant intake and risk of incident age-related nuclear cataracts in the Beaver Dam Eye Study". Am. J. Epidemiol. 149 (9): 801–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009895. PMID 10221316.
Yeum KJ, Taylor A, Tang G, Russell RM (December 1995). "Measurement of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in human lenses". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36 (13): 2756–61. PMID 7499098.
Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. (October 1999). "A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70 (4): 509–16. PMID 10500020.
Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. (October 1999). "A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70 (4): 517–24. PMID 10500021.
Jump up ^ Pattison DJ, Symmons DP, Lunt M, et al. (August 2005). "Dietary beta-cryptoxanthin and inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a population-based prospective study". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82 (2): 451–5. PMID 16087992.
Am J Epidemiology 2006 163(1).
Jump up ^ Handelman GJ, Nightingale ZD, Lichtenstein AH, Schaefer EJ, Blumberg JB (August 1999). "Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg yolk". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70 (2): 247–51. PMID 10426702.
Jump up ^ Note that some isoflavone studies have linked isoflavones to increased cancer risk.
Jump up ^ Monoterpenes are enormously widespread among green plant life (including algae). Many plants, notably coniferous trees, emit beneficial monoterpenes into the atmosphere.
Jump up ^ Purina; The Facts About Dietary Ash Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.; last checked 2009-07-22
Jump up ^ R. Glenn Brown; Low ash cat foods: The role of magnesium in feline nutrition; Canadian Veterinary Journal 1989 January 30(1): 73–79; last checked 2009-07-22
External links[edit]
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB)
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
National Dairy Research Institute (India)
Poultry Science Society
[hide]
v
t
e
Veterinary specialties
Alternative medicine
Anatomy
Anesthesia
Behavior
Biotechnology
Cardiology
Dentistry
Dermatology
Epidemiology
Ethics
Fish
Genetics
Infectious disease
Informatics
Neurology
Nutrition
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Orthopedics
Parasitology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Practice management
Preventive medicine
Radiology
Surgery
Theriogenology
Toxicology
Virology
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_nutrition&oldid=820985063"
Categories:
Zoology
Nutrition
Hidden categories:
Articles with inconsistent citation formats
Webarchive template wayback links
Duplicate articles
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2009
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Català
Español
Bahasa Indonesia
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 January 2018, at 19:27.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Dietary_minerals
mw-redirect
Dietary minerals

values:
/wiki/Essential_fatty_acids
mw-redirect
Essential fatty acids

values:
/wiki/Amino_acids
mw-redirect
Amino acids

values:
/wiki/Essential_amino_acids
mw-redirect
Essential amino acids

values: Edit section: Heterotrophs and autotrophs

values:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style
presentation

values:
/wiki/Flaxseed_oil
mw-redirect
Flaxseed oil

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Substrate_(biochemistry)
mw-redirect
Substrate (biochemistry)

values:
/wiki/Alpha-linolenic_acid
mw-redirect
Alpha-linolenic acid

values:
/wiki/Chicken_(food)
mw-redirect
Chicken (food)

values:
/wiki/Non-essential_amino_acid
mw-redirect
Non-essential amino acid

values:
/wiki/Iodized_salt
mw-redirect
Iodized salt

values:
/wiki/Recommended_Dietary_Allowance
mw-redirect
Recommended Dietary Allowance

values:
/wiki/UVB_radiation
mw-redirect
UVB radiation

values:
/wiki/Eating_disorders
mw-redirect
Eating disorders

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)

values:
/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Board
mw-redirect
Food and Nutrition Board

values:
/wiki/Institute_of_Medicine
mw-redirect
Institute of Medicine

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)

values:
/wiki/Free_radicals
mw-redirect
Free radicals

values:
/wiki/Polyphenol_antioxidant
mw-redirect
Polyphenol antioxidant

values:
/wiki/Cardiovascular_system
mw-redirect
Cardiovascular system

values:
/wiki/Age-related_macular_degeneration
mw-redirect
Age-related macular degeneration

values:
/wiki/Heart_disease
mw-redirect
Heart disease

values:
/wiki/Green_plants
mw-redirect
Green plants

values:
/wiki/Chile_pepper
mw-redirect
Chile pepper

values:
/wiki/Pain_relief
mw-redirect
Pain relief

values:
/wiki/Feline_urological_syndrome
mw-redirect
Feline urological syndrome

values:
/wiki/Domestic_cat
mw-redirect
Domestic cat

values: Edit section: Intestinal bacterial flora

values:
/wiki/L._acidophilus
mw-redirect
L. acidophilus

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/48917971

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.factsmart.org/h2o/h2o.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.iom.edu/report.asp?id=18495

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.272.18.1413

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7933422

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221316

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7499098

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10500020

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10500021

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16087992

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426702

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.google.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.ilri.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.ndri.res.in/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.poultryscience.org/
external text

values:
/wiki/Veterinary_informatics
mw-redirect
Veterinary informatics

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Articles with inconsistent citation formats

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2009

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Animal_nutrition
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Animal_nutrition rootpage-Animal_nutrition skin-vector action-view


text:
Mel Blanc
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Mel Blanc
Publicity photo (1959)
Born
Melvin Jerome Blank
(1908-05-30)May 30, 1908
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Died
July 10, 1989(1989-07-10) (aged 81)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place
Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Other names
"The Man of 1000 Voices"
Alma mater
Lincoln High School
Occupation
Voice actor, comedian, singer, radio personality, recording artist
Years active
1927–1989
Known for
Looney Tunes (1937–89)
The Jack Benny Program (1939–65)
Spouse(s)
Estelle Rosenbaum
(m. 1933)
Children
Noel Blanc
Melvin Jerome Blanc (May 30, 1908 – July 10, 1989)[1] was an American voice actor, comedian, singer, radio personality, and recording artist. After beginning his over 60-year career performing in radio, he became known for his work in animation as the voices of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Wile E. Coyote, Road Runner, the Tasmanian Devil and many of the other characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons during the golden age of American animation. He voiced all of the major male Warner Bros. cartoon characters except for Elmer Fudd, whose voice was provided by fellow radio personality Arthur Q. Bryan, although Blanc later voiced Fudd as well after Bryan's death.[2]
He later voiced characters for Hanna-Barbera's television cartoons, including Barney Rubble on The Flintstones and Mr. Spacely on The Jetsons. Blanc was also the original voice of Woody Woodpecker for Universal Pictures and provided vocal effects for the Tom and Jerry cartoons directed by Chuck Jones for MGM, replacing William Hanna. During the golden age of radio, Blanc also frequently performed on the programs of famous comedians from the era, including Jack Benny, Abbott and Costello, Burns and Allen and Judy Canova.[2]
Having earned the nickname The Man of a Thousand Voices,[3] Blanc is regarded as one of the most influential people in the voice acting industry.[4]
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Radio work
2.2 Animation voice work during the golden age of Hollywood
2.3 Voice work for Hanna-Barbera and others
2.4 Car accident and aftermath
3 Later career
4 Death
5 Legacy
5.1 Radio
5.2 Film
5.3 Television
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Blanc was born in San Francisco, California to Russian-Jewish parents Frederick and Eva Blank, the younger of two children. He grew up in the Western Addition neighborhood in San Francisco,[5] and later in Portland, Oregon, where he attended Lincoln High School.[6] Growing up, he had a fondness for voices and dialect which he began voicing at the age of 10. He claimed that he changed the spelling of his name when he was 16, from "Blank" to "Blanc", because a teacher told him that he would amount to nothing and be like his name, a "blank". Blanc joined the Order of DeMolay as a young man, and was eventually inducted into its Hall of Fame.[7] After graduating from high school in 1927, he split his time between leading an orchestra, becoming the youngest conductor in the country at the age of 19, and performing shtick in vaudeville shows around Washington, Oregon, and northern California.[8]
Career[edit]
Radio work[edit]
Blanc began his radio career at the age of 19 in 1927, when he made his acting debut on the KGW program The Hoot Owls, where his ability to provide voices for multiple characters first attracted attention. He moved to Los Angeles in 1932, where he met Estelle Rosenbaum (1909–2003), whom he married a year later, before returning to Portland. He moved to KEX in 1933 to produce and co-host his Cobweb and Nuts show with his wife Estelle, which debuted on June 15. The program played Monday through Saturday from 11:00 pm to midnight, and by the time the show ended two years later, it appeared from 10:30 pm to 11:00 pm.
With his wife's encouragement, Blanc returned to Los Angeles and joined Warner Bros.–owned KFWB in Hollywood in 1935. He joined The Johnny Murray Show, but the following year switched to CBS Radio and The Joe Penner Show.
The cast of The Jack Benny Program, from left to right: Eddie Anderson, Dennis Day, Phil Harris, Mary Livingstone, Jack Benny, Don Wilson, and Mel Blanc
Blanc was a regular on the NBC Red Network show The Jack Benny Program in various roles, including voicing Benny's Maxwell automobile (in desperate need of a tune-up), violin teacher Professor LeBlanc, Polly the Parrot, Benny's pet polar bear Carmichael, the tormented department store clerk, and the train announcer. The first role came from a mishap when the recording of the automobile's sounds failed to play on cue, prompting Blanc to take the microphone and improvise the sounds himself. The audience reacted so positively that Benny decided to dispense with the recording altogether and have Blanc continue in that role. One of Blanc's most memorable characters from Benny's radio (and later TV) programs was "Sy, the Little Mexican", who spoke one word at a time. The famous "Sí ... Sy ... Sue ... sew" routine was so effective that no matter how many times it was performed, the laughter was always there, thanks to the comedic timing of Blanc and Benny.[9] Blanc continued to work with him on radio until the series ended in 1955 and followed the program into television from Benny's 1950 debut episode through guest spots on NBC specials in the 1970s. They last appeared together on a Johnny Carson Tonight Show in January 1974. A few months later, Blanc spoke highly of Benny on a Tom Snyder Tomorrow show special aired the night of the comedian's death.
By 1946, Blanc appeared on over 15 radio programs in supporting roles. His success on The Jack Benny Program led to his own radio show on the CBS Radio Network, The Mel Blanc Show, which ran from September 3, 1946, to June 24, 1947. Blanc played himself as the hapless owner of a fix-it shop, as well as his young cousin Zookie.
Blanc also appeared on such other national radio programs as The Abbott and Costello Show, the Happy Postman on Burns and Allen, and as August Moon on Point Sublime. During World War II, he appeared as Private Sad Sack on various radio shows, including G.I. Journal. Blanc recorded a song titled "Big Bear Lake".
Animation voice work during the golden age of Hollywood[edit]
Play media
Private Snafu: Spies, voiced by Blanc in 1943
In December 1936, Mel Blanc joined Leon Schlesinger Productions, which was producing theatrical cartoon shorts for Warner Bros. After sound man Treg Brown was put in charge of cartoon voices, and Carl Stalling became music director, Brown introduced Blanc to animation directors Tex Avery, Bob Clampett, Friz Freleng, and Frank Tashlin, who loved his voices. The first cartoon Blanc worked on was Picador Porky (1937) as the voice of a drunken bull.[8] He soon after received his first starring role when he replaced Joe Dougherty as Porky Pig's voice in Porky's Duck Hunt, which marked the debut of Daffy Duck, also voiced by Blanc.
Following this, Blanc became a very prominent vocal artist for Warner Bros., voicing a wide variety of the "Looney Tunes" characters. Bugs Bunny, whom Blanc made his debut as in A Wild Hare (1940),[10][11] was known for eating carrots frequently (especially while saying his catchphrase "Eh, what's up, doc?"). To follow this sound with the animated voice, Blanc would bite into a carrot and then quickly spit into a spittoon. One oft-repeated story is that Blanc was allergic to carrots, which Blanc denied.[12][13]
In Disney's Pinocchio, Blanc was hired to perform the voice of Gideon the Cat. However, Gideon eventually was decided to be a mute character (similar to Dopey from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), so all of Blanc's recorded dialogue was deleted except for a solitary hiccup, which was heard three times in the finished film.[14]
Blanc also originated the voice and laugh of Woody Woodpecker for the theatrical cartoons produced by Walter Lantz for Universal Pictures, but stopped voicing the character after he was signed to an exclusive contract with Warner Bros. (His laugh was used in the cartoons until 1951, while his "Guess who!?" signature line was used until the end of the series in 1972).[8]
During World War II, Blanc served as the voice of the hapless Private Snafu in various war-themed animated shorts.[15]
Throughout his career, Blanc, aware of his talents, protected the rights to his voice characterizations contractually and legally. He, and later his estate, never hesitated taking civil action when those rights were violated. Voice actors at the time rarely received screen credits, but Blanc was an exception; by 1944, his contract with Warner Bros. stipulated a credit reading "Voice characterization(s) by Mel Blanc." According to his autobiography, Blanc asked for and received this screen credit from studio boss Leon Schlesinger after he was denied a salary raise.[16] Initially, Blanc's screen credit was limited only to cartoons where he voiced Bugs Bunny, with any other shorts he worked on being uncredited. In the middle of 1945, the contract was amended to include a screen credit for cartoons featuring Porky Pig and/or Daffy Duck as well, save for any shorts made before that amendment occurred (Book Revue and Baby Bottleneck are examples, despite being released after the fact). But by the end of 1946, Blanc began receiving a screen credit in any subsequent Warner Bros. cartoon for which he provided voices.[17]
Voice work for Hanna-Barbera and others[edit]
In 1960, after the expiration of his exclusive contract with Warner Bros., Blanc continued working for WB, but also began providing voices for the TV cartoons produced by Hanna-Barbera; his most famous roles during this time were Barney Rubble of The Flintstones and Cosmo Spacely of The Jetsons. His other voice roles for Hanna-Barbara included Dino the Dinosaur, Secret Squirrel, Speed Buggy, and Captain Caveman, as well as voices for Wally Gator and The Perils of Penelope Pitstop.
Blanc also worked with former "Looney Tunes" director Chuck Jones, who by this time was directing shorts with his own company Sib Tower 12 (later MGM Animation/Visual Arts); doing vocal effects for the Tom and Jerry series from 1963 to 1967. Blanc was the first voice of Toucan Sam in Froot Loops commercials.
Blanc reprised some of his Warner Bros. characters when the studio contracted him to make new theatrical cartoons in the mid-to-late 1960s. For these, Blanc voiced Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales, the characters who received the most frequent use in these shorts (later, newly introduced characters such as Cool Cat and Merlin the Magic Mouse were voiced by Larry Storch). Blanc also continued to voice the "Looney Tunes" for the bridging sequences of The Bugs Bunny Show, as well as in numerous animated advertisements and several compilation features, such as The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie (1979). He also voiced Granny in Bugs Bunny’s High-Fructose Christmas Record (in place of June Foray).[18]
Car accident and aftermath[edit]
On January 24, 1961, Blanc was involved in a near-fatal car accident. He was driving alone when his sports car collided head-on with a car driven by 18-year-old college student Arthur Rolston on Sunset Boulevard.[19] Rolston suffered minor injuries, but Blanc was rushed to the UCLA Medical Center with a triple skull fracture that left him in a coma for two weeks, along with sustaining fractures to both legs and the pelvis.[20] About two weeks after the accident, one of Blanc's neurologists tried a different approach.[clarification needed] Blanc was asked, "How are you feeling today, Bugs Bunny?" After a slight pause, Blanc answered, in a weak voice, "Eh... just fine, Doc. How are you?"[8] The doctor then asked Tweety if he was there, too. "I tawt I taw a puddy tat," was the reply.[21][22] Blanc returned home on March 17. Four days later, Blanc filed a US$500,000 lawsuit against the city of Los Angeles. His accident, one of 26 in the preceding two years at the intersection known as Dead Man's Curve, resulted in the city funding the restructuring of curves at the location.
Years later, Blanc revealed that during his recovery, his son Noel "ghosted" several Warner Bros. cartoons' voice tracks for him. Warner Bros. had also asked Stan Freberg to provide the voice for Bugs Bunny, but Freberg declined, out of respect for Blanc. At the time of the accident, Blanc was also serving as the voice of Barney Rubble in The Flintstones. His absence from the show was relatively brief; Daws Butler provided the voice of Barney for a few episodes, after which the show's producers set up recording equipment in Blanc's hospital room and later at his home to allow him to work from there. Some of the recordings were made while he was in full-body cast as he lay flat on his back with the other Flintstones co-stars gathered around him.[23] He also returned to The Jack Benny Program to film the program's 1961 Christmas show, moving around by crutches and a wheelchair.[24]
Blanc in 1976
Later career[edit]
In the 1970s, Blanc gave a series of college lectures across the US and appeared in commercials for American Express. He also collaborated on a special with the Boston-based Shriners Burns Institute called Ounce of Prevention, which became a 30-minute TV special.
Throughout the 1980s, Blanc performed his Looney Tunes characters for bridging sequences in various compilation films of Golden-Age-era Warner Bros. cartoons, such as The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie, Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales, Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island, and Daffy Duck's Quackbusters. His final performance of his "Looney Tunes" roles was in Bugs Bunny's Wild World of Sports (1989). After spending most of two seasons voicing the diminutive robot Twiki in Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Blanc's last original character was Heathcliff, in the early 1980s.
In the 1983 live-action film Strange Brew, Blanc voiced the father of Bob and Doug MacKenzie, at the request of comedian Rick Moranis.
In the 1988 live-action/animated movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Blanc reprised several of his classic "Looney Tunes" roles (Bugs, Daffy, Porky, Tweety, and Sylvester), but left Yosemite Sam to Joe Alaskey (who later became one of Blanc's regular replacements until his death in 2016). As Disney produced the film, the company had to obtain permission from Warner Bros. and other studios in order to feature the non-Disney characters in the movie. The film was also one of very few Disney projects Blanc was involved in. Blanc died just a year after the film's release. His final recording session was for Jetsons: The Movie (1990).[25]
Death[edit]
Blanc's gravesite marker
Blanc began smoking cigarettes when he was nine years old. He continued his pack-a-day habit until he was diagnosed with emphysema, which pushed him to quit at age 77.[26] On May 19, 1989, Blanc was checked into Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles by his family [27] when they noticed he had a bad cough while shooting a commercial; he was originally expected to recover. Blanc's health then took a turn for the worse and doctors found that he had advanced coronary artery disease. He died on July 10 at Cedars-Sinai, at the age of 81.[1] He is interred in Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood. Blanc's will stated his desire to have the inscription on his gravestone read, "THAT'S ALL FOLKS", the phrase that was the hallmark of Blanc's character Porky Pig.
Legacy[edit]
Blanc is regarded as the most prolific voice actor in the history of the industry.[28] He was the first voice actor to receive on-screen credit.[8]
Blanc's death was considered a significant loss to the cartoon industry because of his skill, expressive range, and sheer volume of continuing characters he portrayed, which are currently taken up by several other voice talents. Indeed, as movie critic Leonard Maltin once pointed out, "It is astounding to realize that Tweety Bird and Yosemite Sam are the same man!"
According to Blanc, Sylvester the Cat was the easiest character to voice because "It's just my normal speaking voice with a spray at the end." Yosemite Sam was the hardest because of his loudness and raspiness.[8]
A doctor who once examined Blanc's throat found that he possessed unusually thick, powerful vocal cords that gave him an exceptional range. The doctor reported that they rivaled those of opera singer Enrico Caruso.[8]
After his death, Blanc's voice continued to be heard in newly released productions, such as recordings of Dino the Dinosaur in the live-action films The Flintstones (1994) and The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000). Similarly, recordings of Blanc as Jack Benny's Maxwell were featured in Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003). More recently, archive recordings of Blanc have been featured in new CGI-animated "Looney Tunes" theatrical shorts; I Tawt I Taw a Puddy Tat (shown with Happy Feet Two) and Daffy's Rhapsody (shown with Journey 2: The Mysterious Island).[29][30]
Blanc trained his son Noel in the field of voice characterization. Although the younger Blanc has performed his father's characters (particularly Porky Pig) on some programs, he has chosen not to become a full-time voice artist.
For his contributions to the radio industry, Mel Blanc has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6385 Hollywood Boulevard. His character Bugs Bunny also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (the only others to have received this honor are Walt Disney as both himself and Mickey Mouse, Jim Henson as both himself and Kermit the Frog, and Mike Myers as both himself and Shrek).[31]

Radio[edit]
Original Air Date
Program
Role
1933 The Happy-Go-Lucky Hour Additional voices
1937 The Joe Penner Show Additional voices
1938 The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air Mayor of Hamelin, Neptune's Son, Priscilly, Royal Herald, additional voices
1939–43 Fibber McGee and Molly Hiccuping Man
1939–55 The Jack Benny Program Sy, Polly the Parrot, Mr. Finque, Nottingham, Train Announcer, Jack Benny's Maxwell, additional voices
1941–43 The Great Gildersleeve Floyd Munson
1942–47 The Abbott and Costello Show Mel Blanc, Botsford Twink, Scotty Brown
1943–47 The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show The Happy Postman
1943–55 The Judy Canova Show Paw, Pedro, Roscoe E. Wortle
1946–47 The Mel Blanc Show Mel Blanc, Dr. Christopher Crab, Children, Zookie
1955-56 The Cisco Kid Pan Pancho (replacing Harry Lang)[32], additional voices
Film[edit]
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1937–69 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical shorts Numerous voices Includes the Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Daffy Duck and Sylvester series
1940 Pinocchio Gideon (hiccup), Marionette Soldiers Voice (uncredited)
1940–41 Woody Woodpecker theatrical shorts Woody Woodpecker Voice (uncredited)
1943–45 Private Snafu WWII shorts Private Snafu, Bugs Bunny, additional characters Voice (uncredited)
1944 Jasper Goes Hunting Bugs Bunny Puppetoon; cameo
Voice (uncredited)
1948 Two Guys from Texas Bugs Bunny Live-action; animated cameo (voice)
1949 My Dream Is Yours Bugs Bunny, Tweety Live-action; animated cameos (voice)
1949 Neptune's Daughter Pancho Live-action
1950 Champagne for Caesar[33] Caesar (parrot) Voice
1959–65 Loopy De Loop theatrical shorts Crow, Braxton Bear, Skunk, Duck Hunter Voice; He did the following shorts: Common Scents, Bear Hug, Trouble Bruin, Bear Knuckles, Crow's Fete.
1961 Breakfast at Tiffany's Over-eager date Live-action; cameo
1962 Gay Purr-ee Bulldog Voice
1963–67 Tom and Jerry theatrical shorts Tom and Jerry's vocal effects Directed by Chuck Jones
Voice
1964 Hey There, It's Yogi Bear! Grifter Chizzling, Southern Accented Bear in train, Mugger (grumbling sounds) Voice
1964 Kiss Me, Stupid Dr. Sheldrake Live-action
1966 The Man Called Flintstone Barney Rubble, Dino Voice
1970 The Phantom Tollbooth Officer Short Shrift, The Dodecahedron, The Demon of Insincerity Voice
1974 Journey Back to Oz Crow Voice
1979 The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Wile E. Coyote, Pepé Le Pew, Marvin the Martian, additional voices Compilation film
Voice
1979–88 Looney Tunes theatrical shorts and video shorts Numerous voices Voice
1981 The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester, Speedy Gonzales, Yosemite Sam, additional voices Compilation film
Voice
1982 Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester, Speedy Gonzales, Yosemite Sam, additional voices Compilation film
Voice
1983 Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester, Speedy Gonzales, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Tasmanian Devil, Bugs Bunny Compilation film
voice
1983 Strange Brew Father MacKenzie Live-action; Voice
1986 Heathcliff: The Movie Heathcliff Voice
1988 Who Framed Roger Rabbit Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester Live-action/animated film; cameos
Voice
1988 Daffy Duck's Quackbusters Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester, additional voices Compilation film
Voice
1990 Jetsons: The Movie Cosmo Spacely Released posthumously; dedicated in memory
Voice
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1950–65 The Jack Benny Program Professor LeBlanc, Sy, Department Store Clerk, Gas Station Man, Mr. Finque, additional characters Live-action
1959 The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis Mr. Ziegler Live-action; episode: "The Best Dressed Man"
1960–89 The Bugs Bunny Show Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester, Speedy Gonzales, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Wile E. Coyote, additional voices Compilation series
1960–66 The Flintstones Barney Rubble, Dino, additional voices Voice
1960 Mister Magoo Additional voices 36 episodes
1961 Dennis the Menace Leo Trinkle Episode: "Miss Cathcart's Friend"
1962–63;
1985–87 The Jetsons Cosmo Spacely, additional voices Voice
1962–63 Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har Hardy Har Har, additional voices Voice
1963 Wally Gator Colonel Zachary Gator Voice; 1 episode
1964 The Beverly Hillbillies Dick Burton Live-action; 1 episode
1964–66 Breezly and Sneezly Sneezly Seal Voice
1964–66 Ricochet Rabbit & Droop-a-Long Droop-a-Long, additional voices Voice
1964–66 The Munsters Cuckoo clock Live-action; voice; 6 episodes
1965–67 The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show Secret Squirrel Voice
1966 The Monkees Monkeemobile engine Voice; 1 episode
1969–71 The Perils of Penelope Pitstop Yak Yak, The Bully Brothers, Chug-A-Boom Voice
1971–73 The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show Barney Rubble, additional voices Voice
1972 Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Yosemite Sam, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester, Tweety, Wile E. Coyote, Pepé Le Pew, Foghorn Leghorn, Charlie Dog TV movie
1972–73 The Flintstone Comedy Hour Barney Rubble, Dino, Zonk, Stub Voice
1973 Speed Buggy Speed Buggy Voice
1973 The New Scooby-Doo Movies Speed Buggy Voice; episode: "The Weird Winds of Winona"
1976 Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig TV special
1977 Bugs Bunny's Easter Special Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Yosemite Sam, Tweety, Sylvester, Pepé Le Pew, Foghorn Leghorn, Porky Pig TV special
1977 Bugs Bunny in Space Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Marvin the Martian TV special
1977–78 Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics Speed Buggy, Captain Caveman, Barney Rubble Voice
1977–78 Fred Flintstone and Friends Barney Rubble, additional voices Voice
1977–80 Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels Captain Caveman Voice
1977 A Flintstone Christmas Barney Rubble, Dino TV special
1978 The Flintstones: Little Big League Barney Rubble TV special
1978 How Bugs Bunny Won the West Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Yosemite Sam TV special
1978 A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthur's Court Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck (as King Arthur), Yosemite Sam (as Merlin), Porky Pig (as Varlet), Elmer Fudd (as Sir Elmer of Fudd) TV special
1978 Bugs Bunny's Howl-Oween Special Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Sylvester, Tweety, Speedy Gonzales TV special
1978 Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue Barney Rubble, Dino TV special
1978–79 Galaxy Goof-Ups Quack-Up Voice
1979 Bugs Bunny's Valentine Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, Cupid TV special
1979 The Bugs Bunny Mother's Day Special Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Foghorn Leghorn, Sylvester, Stork TV special
1979 Fred and Barney Meet The Thing Barney Rubble, Dino, additional voices Voice
1979 The New Fred and Barney Show Barney Rubble, Dino, additional voices Voice
1979–80 Fred and Barney Meet the Shmoo Barney Rubble, Dino, additional voices Voice
1979–81 Buck Rogers in the 25th Century Twiki Live-action; voice
1979 Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Wile E. Coyote, Yosemite Sam, Sylvester, Tasmanian Devil, Millicent TV special
1979 Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales Bugs Bunny, Yosemite Sam (as Scrooge), Porky Pig (as Bob Cratchit), Tweety (as Tiny Tim), Foghorn Leghorn, Road Runner, Wile E. Coyote, Tasmanian Devil, Santa Claus TV special
1980 Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over Bugs Bunny, Young Bugs Bunny, Young Elmer Fudd, Marvin the Martian, Hugo, Wile E. Coyote, Road Runner TV special
1980 Daffy Duck's Easter Egg-citement Daffy Duck, Foghorn Leghorn, Sylvester, Speedy Gonzales TV special
1980 The Bugs Bunny Mystery Special Bugs Bunny, Elmer Fudd, Yosemite Sam, Tweety, Sylvester, Wile E. Coyote, Porky Pig TV special
1980 3-2-1 Contact Twiki 1 episode
1980 Daffy Duck's Thanks-For-Giving Special Daffy Duck, Duck Dodgers, Porky Pig/Eager Young Space Cadet, Marvin the Martian, Gossamer TV special
1980 The Flintstones: Fred's Final Fling Barney Rubble, Dino TV special
1980–82 Heathcliff Heathcliff Voice
1980–82 The Flintstone Comedy Show Barney Rubble, Dino, Captain Caveman Voice
1981 Bugs Bunny: All American Hero Bugs Bunny, Clyde Rabbit, Yosemite Sam, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester TV special
1981 The Flintstones: Jogging Fever Barney Rubble TV special
1981 The Flintstones: Wind-Up Wilma Barney Rubble, Dino TV special
1981–82 Trollkins Additional voices Voice
1982 Bugs Bunny's Mad World of Television Bugs Bunny, Yosemite Sam, Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, Pepe Le Pew TV special
1982 Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper Barney Rubble, additional voices TV special
1982–84 The Flintstone Funnies Barney Rubble, Captain Caveman Voice
1984–88 Heathcliff and the Catillac Cats Heathcliff Voice
1986–88 The Flintstone Kids Dino, Robert Rubble, Captain Caveman, Piggy McGrabit Voice
1986 The Flintstones' 25th Anniversary Celebration Barney Rubble TV special
1987 The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones Barney Rubble, Dino, Cosmo Spacely TV movie
1988 Rockin' with Judy Jetson Cosmo Spacely TV movie
1988 Bugs vs. Daffy: Battle of the Music Video Stars Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety, Yosemite Sam, Pepe Le Pew, Sylvester TV special
1988 Roger Rabbit and the Secrets of Toontown Himself TV special
1989 Bugs Bunny's Wild World of Sports Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Yosemite Sam, Elmer Fudd, Foghorn Leghorn, Angus McCrory TV special
1989 Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration Barney Rubble TV special; aired just seven days after his death
See also[edit]
Voice acting
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b Flint, Peter B. (July 11, 1989). "Mel Blanc, Who Provided Voices For 3,000 Cartoons, Is Dead at 81". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2008. Mel Blanc, the versatile, multi-voiced actor who breathed life into such cartoon characters as Bugs Bunny, Woody Woodpecker, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety Pie, Sylvester and the Road Runner, died of heart disease and emphysema yesterday at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. He was 81 years old.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mel Blanc". Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Aljean (November 24, 1988). "Man of a Thousand Voices, Speaking Literally". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mel Blanc's bio at Ochcom.org". Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Mintun, Peter (April 13, 1993) "Look Back to the Upper Fillmore" The Fillmore Museum
Jump up ^ "Mel Blanc". pdxhistory.com. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ DeMolay International. "DeMolay Hall of Fame". Retrieved July 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Blanc, Mel; Bashe, Philip (1989). That's Not All, Folks!. Clayton South, VIC, Australia: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-51244-3.
Jump up ^ Video of Mel and Jack with one version of the Sy The Little Mexican routine on YouTube
Jump up ^ Barrier, Michael (2003), Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516729-0
Jump up ^ Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny: 50 Years and Only One Grey Hare. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-1190-6
Jump up ^ Tim Lawson, The Magic Behind The Voices: A Who's Who of Cartoon Voice Actors University Press of Mississippi, 2004
Jump up ^ "Did Mel Blanc hate carrots?" A Straight Dope column by Science Advisory Board Member Rico November 4, 2008 (accessed November 20, 2008)
Jump up ^ No Strings Attached: The Making of Pinocchio, Pinocchio DVD, 2009
Jump up ^ "Misce-Looney-Ous: Situation Normal All Fouled Up". Looney. Golden age cartoons. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "New York Times filmography". Retrieved November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mel Blanc: From Anonymity To Offscreen Superstar (The advent of on-screen voice credits)". Retrieved 18 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bugs Bunny's High-Fructose Christmas Record". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Mel Blanc, Man of Many Voices, Badly Injured". The Terre Haute Tribune. Terre Haute, IN. UPI. January 25, 1961. Retrieved December 10, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ That's Not All, Folks!, 1988, by Mel Blanc and Philip Bashe. Warner Books, ISBN 0-446-39089-5 (softcover), ISBN 0-446-51244-3 (hardcover)
Jump up ^ Horowitz, Daniel (November 6, 2012). "What's Up, Doc?". RADIOLAB. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rix, Kate (May 6, 2013). "The Strange Day When Bugs Bunny Saved the Life of Mel Blanc". OpenCulture.com.
Jump up ^ ""Blanc laments lack of cartoon quality"". Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mel Blanc Is Back at Work". The Vernon Daily Record. Vernon, TX. AP. November 24, 1961. Retrieved December 11, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Beck, Jerry. The Animated Movie Guide (2005).
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Aljean (November 27, 1988). "Mel Blanc: His Voice Is His Fortune". Sun-Sentinel. Tribune Company. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mel Blanc - Obituary". Retrieved November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Nick (2011). Raised by the Stars: Interviews with 29 Children of Hollywood Actors. McFarland. p. 217. ISBN 0786464038.
Jump up ^ "More 3D Looney Tunes Shorts On The Way". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Vary, Adam B. "Looney Tunes short with Tweety Bird, Sylvester - EXCLUSIVE CLIP". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bugs Bunny". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ohmart, Ben (2012). Mel Blanc: The Man of a Thousand Voices. Bearmanor Media. ISBN 978-1593937881.
Jump up ^ "Champagne for Caesar (1950) : Full Credits". Turner Classic Movies. TCM Interactive Group, Inc. Retrieved March 25, 2016.

Bibliography
That's Not All, Folks!, 1988 by Mel Blanc, Philip Bashe. Warner Books, ISBN 0-446-39089-5 (Softcover), ISBN 0-446-51244-3 (Hardcover)
Terrace, Vincent. Radio Programs, 1924–1984. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999. ISBN 0-7864-0351-9
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mel Blanc.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Mel Blanc
Mel Blanc on IMDb
Mel Blanc at the TCM Movie Database
Mel Blanc at Find a Grave
The Mel Blanc Show on the Internet Archive
Toonopedia article about Mel Blanc
40 MP3 downloads of The Mel Blanc Show
The Mel Blanc Show on Outlaws Old Time Radio
Preceded by
Joe Dougherty Voice of Porky Pig
1937–1989 Succeeded by
Bob Bergen
Preceded by
none Voice of Daffy Duck
1937–1989 Succeeded by
Jeff Bergman
Preceded by
none Voice of Bugs Bunny
1940–1989 Succeeded by
Jeff Bergman
Preceded by
none Voice of Barney Rubble
1960–1989 Succeeded by
Frank Welker
show
v
t
e
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies
Studios
Harman-Ising Productions (1930–1933)
Leon Schlesinger Productions (1933–1944)
Warner Bros. Cartoons (1944–1964)
DePatie–Freleng Enterprises (1964–1967, 1979–1980)
Format Films (1965–1967)
Warner Bros.-Seven Arts (1967–1969)
Chuck Jones Enterprises (1976–1980, 1994–1997)
Warner Bros. Animation (1980–present)
People
Tex Avery
Bea Benaderet
Mel Blanc
Bernard B. Brown
Arthur Q. Bryan
John Burton
Daws Butler
Bob Clampett
Cal Dalton
Arthur Davis
David H. DePatie
Earl Duvall
Milt Franklyn
Stan Freberg
Friz Freleng
June Foray
Ben Hardaway
Hugh Harman
Ken Harris
William L. Hendricks
Cal Howard
Rudolf Ising
Chuck Jones
Jack King
William Lava
Abe Levitow
Michael Maltese
Frank Marsales
Norman McCabe
Robert McKimson
Tom Palmer
Hawley Pratt
Virgil Ross
Leon Schlesinger
Rod Scribner
Edward Selzer
Norman Spencer
Carl Stalling
Frank Tashlin
Ben Washam
Characters
Babbit and Catstello
Barnyard Dawg
Beaky Buzzard
Beans
Blacque Jacque Shellacque
Bosko
Buddy
Bugs Bunny
Bunny and Claude
Cecil Turtle
Charlie Dog
Claude Cat
Clyde Bunny
Colonel Shuffle
Conrad the Cat
Cool Cat
Count Blood Count
Daffy Duck
Egghead Jr.
Elmer Fudd
Foghorn Leghorn
Foxy
Gabby Goat
Goofy Gophers
Goopy Geer
Gossamer
Granny
Hector the Bulldog
Henery Hawk
Hippety Hopper
Honey Bunny
Hubie and Bertie
Hugo the Abominable Snowman
Inki
Lola Bunny
Marc Antony and Pussyfoot
Marvin the Martian
Melissa Duck
Merlin the Magic Mouse
Michigan J. Frog
Miss Prissy
Nasty Canasta
Penelope Pussycat
Pepé Le Pew
Pete Puma
Petunia Pig
Piggy
Playboy Penguin
Porky Pig
Ralph Wolf
The Road Runner
Rocky and Mugsy
Sam Sheepdog
Slowpoke Rodriguez
Sniffles
Speedy Gonzales
Spike the Bulldog and Chester the Terrier
Sylvester
Sylvester Jr.
Taz
The Three Bears
Tweety
Wile E. Coyote
Willoughby
Witch Hazel
Yosemite Sam
Shorts
1929–1939
1940–1949
1950–1959
1960–1969
1970–present and miscellaneous
Featuring Bugs Bunny
Featuring Daffy Duck
Featuring Porky Pig
Blue Ribbon reissues
Censored Eleven
Unreleased
Television
Compilations
The Bugs Bunny Show
The Road Runner Show
The Porky Pig Show
Looney Tunes on Nickelodeon
Merrie Melodies Starring Bugs Bunny & Friends
Bugs 'n' Daffy
Originals
Tiny Toon Adventures
Taz-Mania
The Plucky Duck Show
The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries
Baby Looney Tunes
Duck Dodgers
Loonatics Unleashed
The Looney Tunes Show
Wabbit/New Looney Tunes
Specials
Feature
films
Compilations
The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie
The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie
Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales
Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island
Daffy Duck's Quackbusters
The Looney Tunes Hall of Fame
Made for video
Tweety's High-Flying Adventure
Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas
Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run
Documentaries
Bugs Bunny: Superstar
Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons
Chuck Amuck: The Movie
Live-action/
animation
Space Jam
Looney Tunes: Back in Action
Music/Songs
"Merrily We Roll Along"
"The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down"
"Powerhouse"
"The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)"
"Camptown Races"
Other
Video games
Book
Category
show
v
t
e
Woody Woodpecker by Walter Lantz
Cartoons & TV series
Woody Woodpecker filmography
The Woody Woodpecker Show (1957–1958)
The New Woody Woodpecker Show (1999–2002)
Characters
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
Pooch the Pup
Andy Panda
Woody Woodpecker
Buzz Buzzard
Chilly Willy
Dapper Denver Dooley
Sugarfoot
Wally Walrus
Gabby Gator
Inspector Willoughby
Maggie & Sam
The Beary Family
Video games
Férias Frustradas do Pica-Pau (1996)
Woody Woodpecker Racing (2000)
Woody Woodpecker: Escape from Buzz Buzzard Park (2001)
Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure (2001)
Woody Woodpecker in Crazy Castle 5 (2003)
Other film/TV appearances
Destination Moon (1950)
Psycho III (1986)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
From the Earth to the Moon (1998)
Son of the Mask (2005)
"Homer Simpson, This Is Your Wife" (2006)
Related personnel
Walter Lantz Productions
Universal Cartoon Studios
Kent Rogers
Ben Hardaway
Mel Blanc
Grace Stafford
Alex Lovy
Shamus Culhane
Dick Lundy
Don Patterson
Paul Smith
List of Woody Woodpecker merchandise
Woody Woodpecker (2017)
Biography portal
California portal
Oregon portal
Film portal
Television portal
Comedy portal
Judaism portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX4421606
BNF: cb14008976c (data)
GND: 118859781
ISNI: 0000 0000 6310 3008
LCCN: n79059536
MusicBrainz: 9d235478-e372-46c4-ba80-ea51efff658c
SNAC: w64x5psv
SUDOC: 079415105
VIAF: 51886599
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mel_Blanc&oldid=854253177"
Categories:
1908 births
1989 deaths
20th-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from Portland, Oregon
American male radio actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Deaths from emphysema
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Infectious disease deaths in California
Jewish American male actors
Lincoln High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni
Hanna-Barbera people
Warner Bros. Cartoons people
Jewish comedians
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from San Francisco
Male actors of Russian descent
DeMolay International Hall of Fame members
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from April 2016
Infobox person using alma mater
Articles with hCards
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2018
Turner Classic Movies person ID same as Wikidata
Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata
Articles with Internet Archive links
Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
Frysk
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Kiswahili
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
Türkçe
Українська
Winaray
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
28 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 August 2018, at 00:41 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

value: span

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Sylvester_(Looney_Tunes)
mw-redirect
Sylvester (Looney Tunes)

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values:
/wiki/Old-time_radio
mw-redirect
Old-time radio

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Western_Addition
mw-redirect
Western Addition

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Eddie_Anderson_(comedian)
mw-redirect
Eddie Anderson (comedian)

values:
/wiki/Tomorrow_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
Tomorrow (TV series)

values:
/wiki/CBS_Radio_Network
mw-redirect
CBS Radio Network

values: Edit section: Animation voice work during the golden age of Hollywood

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv/640px--Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:640px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="223.35866666667" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1069280" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 640 × 480 (2.06 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="640" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="2063806" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="214" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="205528" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="313752" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv/Private_Snafu_-_Spies.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="567032" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Carl_Stalling
mw-redirect
Carl Stalling

values: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)

values: Edit section: Voice work for Hanna-Barbera and others

values:
/wiki/DePatie-Freleng_Enterprises
mw-redirect
DePatie-Freleng Enterprises

values: Edit section: Car accident and aftermath

values:
/wiki/UCLA_Medical_Center
mw-redirect
UCLA Medical Center

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie

values: Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales

values: Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series)

values:
/wiki/Heathcliff_(comic_strip)
mw-redirect
Heathcliff (comic strip)

values:
/wiki/Bob_and_Doug_MacKenzie
mw-redirect
Bob and Doug MacKenzie

values: The Abbott and Costello Show (radio program)

values:
/wiki/List_of_Porky_Pig_cartoons
mw-redirect
List of Porky Pig cartoons

values:
/wiki/Wile_E._Coyote
mw-redirect
Wile E. Coyote

values:
/wiki/Cosmo_Spacely
mw-redirect
Cosmo Spacely

values:
/wiki/Hardy_Har_Har
mw-redirect
Hardy Har Har

values: Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies

values:
/wiki/Charlie_Dog
mw-redirect
Charlie Dog

values: Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals

values:
/wiki/Bugs_Bunny%27s_Howl-Oween_Special
mw-redirect
Bugs Bunny's Howl-Oween Special

values: Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue

values: Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper

values: The Flintstones' 25th Anniversary Celebration

values: Bugs vs. Daffy: Battle of the Music Video Stars

values: Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ochcom.org/blanc

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195167295

values:
/wiki/Tribune_Company
mw-redirect
Tribune Company

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.walkoffame.com/bugs-bunny

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000305/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/100

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.toonopedia.com/blanc.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://melblancshow.googlepages.com

values: Template talk:Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies

values: List of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies characters

values: Spike the Bulldog and Chester the Terrier

values: Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography

values: Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929–39)

values: Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1940–49)

values: Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1950–59)

values: Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1960–69)

values: Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1970–present and miscellaneous)

values: List of Warner Bros. cartoons with Blue Ribbon reissues

values: List of unreleased Warner Bros. animated shorts

values:
/wiki/Looney_Tunes_on_Nickelodeon
mw-redirect
Looney Tunes on Nickelodeon

values: Merrie Melodies Starring Bugs Bunny & Friends

values: List of Looney Tunes television specials

values: The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Woody Woodpecker: Escape from Buzz Buzzard Park

values:
/wiki/Crazy_Castle_series
mw-redirect
Crazy Castle series

values:
/wiki/Universal_Cartoon_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Cartoon Studios

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/118859781

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000063103008

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/079415105

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/51886599

values: Category:20th-century American male actors

values: Category:Male actors from Portland, Oregon

values: Category:American male television actors

values: Category:Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery

values: Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent

values: Category:Infectious disease deaths in California

values: Category:Lincoln High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni

values: Category:DeMolay International Hall of Fame members

values: Category:Infobox person using alma mater

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2018

values: Category:Turner Classic Movies person ID same as Wikidata

values: Category:Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata

values: Category:Articles with Internet Archive links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Mel_Blanc
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: ميل بلانك – Arabic

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blank
Mel Blank – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: মেল ব্ল্যাংক – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Мел Бланк – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values: Μελ Μπλανκ – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: مل بلانک – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: מל בלאנק – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: メル・ブランク – Japanese

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Бланк, Мел – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Мел Бланк – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Мел Бланк – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: מעל בלענק – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Blanc
Mel Blanc – Yoruba
yo
yo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Mel_Blanc rootpage-Mel_Blanc skin-vector action-view