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Candice Bergen
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For the Canadian politician, see Candice Bergen (politician).
Candice Bergen
Bergen at the 2006 Peabody Awards
Born
Candice Patricia Bergen[1]
(1946-05-09) May 9, 1946 (age 72)
Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Alma mater
University of Pennsylvania
Occupation
Actress, fashion model
Years active
1965–present
Spouse(s)
Louis Malle
(m. 1980; death 1995)
Marshall Rose
(m. 2000)
Children
1
Parent(s)
Frances Bergen
Edgar Bergen
Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress and former fashion model. She won five Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for her ten seasons as the title character on the CBS sitcom Murphy Brown (1988–98). She is also known for her role as Shirley Schmidt on the ABC drama Boston Legal (2005–08). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Starting Over (1979), and for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Gandhi (1982).
Bergen began her career as a fashion model and appeared on the front cover of Vogue magazine before she made her screen debut in the 1966 film The Group. She went on to star in The Sand Pebbles (1966), Soldier Blue (1970), Carnal Knowledge (1971), and The Wind and the Lion (1975). She made her Broadway debut in the 1984 play Hurlyburly, and went on to star in the revivals of The Best Man (2012) and Love Letters (2014). From 2002 to 2004, she appeared in three episodes of the HBO series Sex and the City. Her other film roles include Miss Congeniality (2000), Sweet Home Alabama (2002), The Women (2008), Bride Wars (2009), and Book Club (2018).
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Early years
2.2 Murphy Brown
2.3 Later career
3 Bergen Bags
4 Personal life
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Bergen was born in Beverly Hills, California.[2] Her mother, Frances Bergen (née Westerman), was a Powers model who was known professionally as Frances Westcott.[3] Her father, Edgar Bergen, was a famous ventriloquist, comedian, and actor. Her paternal grandparents were Swedish-born immigrants who anglicized their surname, which was originally Berggren ("mountain branch"). As a child, Candice was irritated at being described as "Charlie McCarthy's little sister" (referring to her father's star dummy).[4]
She began appearing on her father's radio program at a young age,[5] and in 1958, at age 11, with her father on Groucho Marx's quiz show You Bet Your Life, as Candy Bergen. She said that when she grew up, she wanted to design clothes. She later attended the University of Pennsylvania, where she was elected both Homecoming Queen and Miss University, but, as Bergen later acknowledged, she failed to take her education seriously and after failing two courses in art and opera, she was asked to leave at the end of her sophomore year. She ultimately received an honorary doctorate from Penn in May 1992.[6]
She worked as a fashion model before she took up acting, featured on the covers of Vogue.
Career[edit]
Early years[edit]
In 1966, Bergen made her screen debut playing a university student in The Group, which delicately touched on the then-forbidden subject of lesbianism. The same year, she played the role of Shirley Eckert, an assistant school teacher in The Sand Pebbles (1966) with Steve McQueen. The movie was nominated for several Academy Awards. In 1968, she played the leading female role in The Magus, a British mystery film also starring Michael Caine and Anthony Quinn, that was almost universally ridiculed on its release. She was featured in a 1970 political satire, The Adventurers, playing a frustrated socialite.
Bergen starred in the controversial Western Soldier Blue (1970), a worldwide hit but a failure in its homeland, perhaps because of its unflattering portrayal of the U.S. Cavalry. The film's European success led to Bergen's being voted by British exhibitors as the seventh-most popular star at the British box office in 1971.[7] She had roles in two other Western films including The Hunting Party (1971) and Bite the Bullet (1975), both of which starred Gene Hackman.
Bergen appeared in Mike Nichols' provocative Carnal Knowledge (1971) and the Burt Reynolds romantic comedy Starting Over (1979), for which she received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for best supporting actress.
In 1975, she starred with Sean Connery in The Wind and the Lion, as a strong-willed American widow kidnapped in the Moroccan desert. She was the love interest of Ryan O'Neal in the Love Story sequel, Oliver's Story (1979), and portrayed a best-selling author in Rich and Famous (1981) with Jacqueline Bisset. In 1982, Bergen appeared in the Oscar-winning film Gandhi in which she portrayed documentary photographer Margaret Bourke-White. Bergen was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.[8]
On television, Bergen appeared in the 1985 miniseries Hollywood Wives. In addition to acting, Bergen has written articles, a play, and a memoir, Knock Wood (1984). She has also studied photography and worked as a photojournalist.
Murphy Brown[edit]
In 1988, she took the lead role in the sitcom Murphy Brown, in which she played a tough television reporter. The series provided her with the opportunity to show her little-seen comic talent, and although primarily a conventional sit-com, the show did tackle important issues. Murphy Brown, a recovering alcoholic, became a single mother and later battled breast cancer. In 1992, Vice President Dan Quayle criticized prime-time TV for showing the Murphy Brown character "mocking the importance of fathers by bearing a child alone and calling it just another lifestyle choice."[9]
Quayle's disparaging remarks were subsequently written into the show, with Murphy shown watching Quayle's speech in disbelief at his insensitivity and ignorance of the reality of the lives of single mothers. A subsequent episode explored the subject of family values within a diverse set of families. The Brown character arranges for a truckload of potatoes to be dumped in front of Quayle's residence, an allusion to an infamous incident in which Quayle erroneously directed a school child to spell the word "potato" as "potatoe". In reality, Bergen agreed with at least some of Quayle's observations, saying that while the particular remark was "an arrogant and uninformed posture", as a whole, it was "a perfectly intelligent speech about fathers not being dispensable and nobody agreed with that more than I did."[10] Bergen's run on Murphy Brown was extremely successful. The show ran for ten seasons and between 1989 and 1998, Bergen was nominated for an Emmy Award seven times and won five. After her fifth win, she declined future nominations for the role.
Throughout the same time frame as Murphy Brown, Bergen also appeared as the main spokesperson for a Sprint telephone ad campaign.
On January 24, 2018 it was announced that Candice Bergen would be reprising her role as Murphy Brown for a series revival to be aired on CBS in the 2018-2019 season.
Later career[edit]
Bergen at the 65th Annual Peabody Awards in New York City, 2006
After playing the role of Murphy Brown, Bergen was offered a chance to work as a real-life journalist. After the run of Murphy Brown ended in 1998, CBS approached her to cover stories for 60 Minutes, an offer she declined, with the conviction that she didn't personally want to blur the lines between actor and journalist at the time.
After Murphy Brown, Bergen hosted Exhale with Candice Bergen on the Oxygen network. She also appeared in character roles in films, including Miss Congeniality, where she played villainous pageant host Kathy Morningside; she also portrayed the mayor of New York in Sweet Home Alabama. In 2003, she appeared in the Gwyneth Paltrow flight-attendant comedy, View from the Top.
In January 2005, Bergen joined the cast of the television series Boston Legal as Shirley Schmidt, a founding partner in the law firm of Crane, Poole & Schmidt. She played the role for five seasons. In 2006 and 2008, she received Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
A frequent host on NBC's Saturday Night Live, she was the first woman to host the show and the first host to do a second show. She was also the first woman to join the Five-Timers Club, when she hosted for the fifth time in 1990. Bergen guest-starred on The Muppet Show in its first year, appearing in several skits, an episode now available in a DVD collection. She was also featured in a long-running "Dime Lady" ad campaign for the Sprint phone company.
She has also made guest appearances on many other TV shows, including Seinfeld (as herself playing Murphy Brown), Law & Order, Family Guy, Will & Grace (playing herself), and Sex and the City, where she played Enid Frick, Carrie Bradshaw's editor at Vogue. More recently she appeared in the 2009 movie Bride Wars as Marion St. Claire, New York's most sought-after wedding planner, who also serves as the narrator of the story.
From its launch in 2008, Candice Bergen was a contributor for wowOwow.com, a website for women to talk culture, politics and gossip. The website closed in 2010.
Bergen had an occasional role on House as Lisa Cuddy's mother, starting in Season 7, including the 2011 episodes "Larger Than Life" and "Family Practice".
In 2010, she appeared in a one-night only concert semi staged reading of Evening Primrose by Stephen Sondheim.[11] She has also appeared on Broadway in the 2012 revival of Gore Vidal's The Best Man and the 2014 revival of Love Letters.
Bergen Bags[edit]
In 2016,[12] Bergen began hand-painting,[13] with paint pens,[14] on handbags, with the business[15] overseen by Chloe Malle,[16] and the proceeds benefiting charity.[17][18][19][20]
Personal life[edit]
Candice Bergen and her mother Frances Bergen at the 62nd Academy Awards March 26, 1990
A political activist, Bergen accepted a date with Henry Kissinger. During her activist days she participated in a Yippie prank when she, Abbie Hoffman, and others threw dollar bills onto the floor of the New York Stock Exchange in 1967, leading to its temporary shutdown. In 1972, she served as a fundraiser and organizer for George McGovern's presidential campaign.[21]
Bergen and former boyfriend Terry Melcher lived at 10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles, which was later occupied by Sharon Tate and her husband, Roman Polanski. Tate and four others were murdered in the home in August 9, 1969, by followers of Charles Manson.[22] There was some initial speculation that Melcher may have been the intended victim,[23] although Melcher, his former roommate Mark Lindsay, and Vincent Bugliosi have all indicated Manson was aware that Melcher was no longer living at that address at the time of the murders.[24][25]
On September 27, 1980, she married French film director Louis Malle. They had one child, a daughter named Chloé Françoise, in 1985. The couple were married until Malle's death from cancer on Thanksgiving Day in 1995.[26] Bergen has traveled extensively and speaks French fluently. She has been married to New York real estate magnate and philanthropist Marshall Rose[27] since 2000.
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1966 The Group Lakey Eastlake
1966 The Sand Pebbles Shirley Eckert
1967 The Day the Fish Came Out Electra Brown
1967 Live for Life Candice
1968 The Magus Lily
1970 The Adventurers Sue Ann Daley
1970 Getting Straight Jan
1970 Soldier Blue Cresta Maribel Lee
1971 Carnal Knowledge Susan
1971 The Hunting Party Melissa Ruger
1971 T.R. Baskin T. R. Baskin
1974 11 Harrowhouse Maren Shirell
1975 The Wind and the Lion Eden Pedecaris
1975 Bite the Bullet Miss Jones
1977 The Domino Principle Ellie Tucker
1978 A Night Full of Rain Lizzy
1978 Oliver's Story Marcie Bonwit
1979 Starting Over Jessica Potter Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
1981 Rich and Famous Merry Noel Blake
1982 Gandhi Margaret Bourke-White
1984 2010 SAL 9000 Voice only; credited as Olga Mallsnerd
1985 Stick Kyle McClaren
2000 Miss Congeniality Kathy Morningside
2002 Sweet Home Alabama Mayor Kate Hennings
2003 View from the Top Sally Weston
2003 The In-Laws Judy Tobias
2008 Sex and the City Enid Frick
2008 The Women Catherine Frazier
2009 Bride Wars Marion St. Claire
2010 The Romantics Augusta Hayes
2014 A Merry Friggin' Christmas Donna Mitchler
2016 Rules Don't Apply Nadine Henly
2017 The Meyerowitz Stories Julia
2017 Home Again Lillian Stewart
2018 Book Club Sharon
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1967 Coronet Blue Enid Toler Episode: "The Rebels"
1969 The Kraft Music Hall Various Episode: "The Woody Allen Special"
1975–2013 Saturday Night Live Herself 6 episodes
1976 The Muppet Show Herself Episode: "Candice Bergen"
1985 Hollywood Wives Elaine Conti 2 episodes
1985 Arthur the King Morgan le Fay Television film
1985 Murder: By Reason of Insanity Ewa Berwid Television film
1987 Trying Times Barbara Episode: "Moving Day"
1987 Mayflower Madam Sydney Biddle Barrows Television film
1988–1998, 2018 Murphy Brown Murphy Brown 247 episodes
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1989, 1992)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (1989–90, 1992, 1994–95)
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1990–91, 1993–96)
Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (1991, 1993)
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series (1995–96)
1992 Seinfeld Murphy Brown Episode: "The Keys"
1994–1995 Understanding Narrator 4 episodes
1996 Mary & Tim Mary Horton Television film
1997 Ink Murphy Brown Episode: "Murphy's Law"
2000 Family Guy Gloria Ironbox 2 episodes
2002–2004 Sex and the City Enid Frick 3 episodes
2003 Footsteps Daisy Lowendahl Television film
2004 Law & Order Judge Amanda Anderlee Episode: "The Brotherhood"
2004 Will & Grace Herself Episode: "Strangers with Candice"
2005 Law & Order: Trial by Jury Judge Amanda Anderlee 3 episodes
2005–2008 Boston Legal Shirley Schmidt 84 episodes
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series (2006, 2008)
Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (2007–09)
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series
2011 House Arlene Cuddy 3 episodes
2013 The Michael J. Fox Show Mike's Mom Episode: "Thanksgiving"
2014 Beautiful & Twisted Bernice Novack Television film
2015 Battle Creek Constance Episode: "Mama's Boy"
2016 Bojack Horseman The Closer (voice) Episode: "Stop the Presses"
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Candice Bergen
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V27J-4HX
Jump up ^ Associated Press, "Daughter Born to Edgar Bergen's Wife", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Saturday 11 May 1946, Volume 52, page 1.
Jump up ^ Candice Bergen Biography (1946–)
Jump up ^ "So when I was born, it was only natural that I was known in the press not as Candice Bergen, but as "Charlie's sister."" (Bergen, "My Dad, Charlie and Me' in Jack Canfield, et al., A Second Chicken Soup for the Woman's Soul 1998:36
Jump up ^ "Bergen & McCarthy 55-12-25 Christmas (Guest Candice Bergen)", listed on Golden Age OTR's playlist on Live365.com
Jump up ^ "Entertainment & the Arts - Bergen Is Wimpy Compared To Alter-Ego Murphy - Seattle Times Newspaper". nwsource.com.
Jump up ^ Peter Waymark. "Richard Burton top draw in British cinemas." Times [London, England] 30 Dec. 1971: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 July 2012.
Jump up ^ BAFTA (1983). "BAFTA Awards Database (Supporting Actress 1982)". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Then & Now: Dan Quayle". CNN. 2005-08-08.
Jump up ^ "Candice Bergen agrees with Quayle". CNN. 2002-07-11. Archived from the original on November 3, 2007.
Jump up ^ Portantiere, Michael (2011). "Back into the light". The Sondheim Review. Sondheim Review, Inc. XVII (3): 44. ISSN 1076-450X.
Jump up ^ https://nypost.com/2016/06/03/candice-bergen-is-painting-on-purses-for-1000-each/
Jump up ^ https://www.instagram.com/p/BW-kYhgBq4S
Jump up ^ https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/candice-bergen-designer-handbags-art
Jump up ^ http://bergenbags.com/
Jump up ^ https://www.instagram.com/bergenbags/
Jump up ^ https://www.charitybuzz.com/catalog_items/personalized-painting-by-candice-bergen-on-your-bag-1488505
Jump up ^ https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/a14429250/candice-bergen-bergen-bags/
Jump up ^ https://www.vogue.com/article/chloe-malle-candice-bergen-capitol-north-carolina-celebrity-fashion-photo-diary
Jump up ^ http://www.charlotteobserver.com/living/article138461553.html
Jump up ^ McGovern, George S., Grassroots: The Autobiography of George McGovern, New York: Random House, 1977, pp. 173, 247
Jump up ^ "Obituary Terry Melcher". telegraph.co.uk. 2004-11-23. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Doris Day's son, musician, writer, record producer". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 2004-11-23. pp. A–15. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Nancy Adamson (June 8, 2013). "Mark Lindsay talks about new music, cats and Charlie Manson". Midland Reporter-Telegram.
Jump up ^ McKay (January 1983). "Two Faces of Cincinnati". Cincinnati Magazine. p. 94. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Candice Bergen and her fine romances". CBS News. April 5, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Heller, Karen (April 8, 2015). "Candice Bergen holds nothing back in memoir that discusses weight, beauty". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Candice Bergen.
Candice Bergen on IMDb
Candice Bergen at the Internet Broadway Database
Candice Bergen at AllMovie
Candice Bergen at wowOwow
show
Awards for Candice Bergen
show
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Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series
Gertrude Berg (1950)
Imogene Coca (1951)
Lucille Ball (1952)
Eve Arden (1953)
Lucille Ball (1955)
Nanette Fabray (1956)
Jane Wyatt (1957)
Jane Wyatt (1959)
Jane Wyatt (1960)
Barbara Stanwyck (1961)
Shirley Booth (1962)
Shirley Booth (1963)
Mary Tyler Moore (1964)
No Award (1965)
Mary Tyler Moore (1966)
Lucille Ball (1967)
Lucille Ball (1968)
Hope Lange (1969)
Hope Lange (1970)
Jean Stapleton (1971)
Jean Stapleton (1972)
Mary Tyler Moore (1973)
Mary Tyler Moore (1974)
Valerie Harper (1975)
Mary Tyler Moore (1976)
Bea Arthur (1977)
Jean Stapleton (1978)
Ruth Gordon (1979)
Cathryn Damon (1980)
Isabel Sanford (1981)
Carol Kane (1982)
Shelley Long (1983)
Jane Curtin (1984)
Jane Curtin (1985)
Betty White (1986)
Rue McClanahan (1987)
Bea Arthur (1988)
Candice Bergen (1989)
Candice Bergen (1990)
Kirstie Alley (1991)
Candice Bergen (1992)
Roseanne Barr (1993)
Candice Bergen (1994)
Candice Bergen (1995)
Helen Hunt (1996)
Helen Hunt (1997)
Helen Hunt (1998)
Helen Hunt (1999)
Patricia Heaton (2000)
Patricia Heaton (2001)
Jennifer Aniston (2002)
Debra Messing (2003)
Sarah Jessica Parker (2004)
Felicity Huffman (2005)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2006)
America Ferrera (2007)
Tina Fey (2008)
Toni Collette (2009)
Edie Falco (2010)
Melissa McCarthy (2011)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2012)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2013)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2014)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2015)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2016)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (2017)
show
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e
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Donna Reed (1962)
Inger Stevens (1963)
Mary Tyler Moore (1964)
Anne Francis (1965)
Marlo Thomas (1966)
Carol Burnett (1967)
Diahann Carroll (1968)
Carol Burnett / Julie Sommars (1969)
Mary Tyler Moore (1970)
Carol Burnett (1971)
Jean Stapleton (1972)
Cher / Jean Stapleton (1973)
Valerie Harper (1974)
Cloris Leachman (1975)
Carol Burnett (1976)
Carol Burnett (1977)
Linda Lavin (1978)
Linda Lavin (1979)
Katherine Helmond (1980)
Eileen Brennan (1981)
Debbie Allen (1982)
Joanna Cassidy (1983)
Shelley Long (1984)
Estelle Getty / Cybill Shepherd (1985)
Cybill Shepherd (1986)
Tracey Ullman (1987)
Candice Bergen (1988)
Jamie Lee Curtis (1989)
Kirstie Alley (1990)
Candice Bergen (1991)
Roseanne Barr (1992)
Helen Hunt (1993)
Helen Hunt (1994)
Cybill Shepherd (1995)
Helen Hunt (1996)
Calista Flockhart (1997)
Jenna Elfman (1998)
Sarah Jessica Parker (1999)
Sarah Jessica Parker (2000)
Sarah Jessica Parker (2001)
Jennifer Aniston (2002)
Sarah Jessica Parker (2003)
Teri Hatcher (2004)
Mary-Louise Parker (2005)
America Ferrera (2006)
Tina Fey (2007)
Tina Fey (2008)
Toni Collette (2009)
Laura Linney (2010)
Laura Dern (2011)
Lena Dunham (2012)
Amy Poehler (2013)
Gina Rodriguez (2014)
Rachel Bloom (2015)
Tracee Ellis Ross (2016)
Rachel Brosnahan (2017)
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Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year
1951–1975
Gertrude Lawrence (1951)
Barbara Bel Geddes (1952)
Mamie Eisenhower (1953)
Shirley Booth (1954)
Debbie Reynolds (1955)
Peggy Ann Garner (1956)
Carroll Baker (1957)
Katharine Hepburn (1958)
Joanne Woodward (1959)
Carol Lawrence (1960)
Jane Fonda (1961)
Piper Laurie (1962)
Shirley MacLaine (1963)
Rosalind Russell (1964)
Lee Remick (1965)
Ethel Merman (1966)
Lauren Bacall (1967)
Angela Lansbury (1968)
Carol Burnett (1969)
Dionne Warwick (1970)
Carol Channing (1971)
Ruby Keeler (1972)
Liza Minnelli (1973)
Faye Dunaway (1974)
Valerie Harper (1975)
1976–2000
Bette Midler (1976)
Elizabeth Taylor (1977)
Beverly Sills (1978)
Candice Bergen (1979)
Meryl Streep (1980)
Mary Tyler Moore (1981)
Ella Fitzgerald (1982)
Julie Andrews (1983)
Joan Rivers (1984)
Cher (1985)
Sally Field (1986)
Bernadette Peters (1987)
Lucille Ball (1988)
Kathleen Turner (1989)
Glenn Close (1990)
Diane Keaton (1991)
Jodie Foster (1992)
Whoopi Goldberg (1993)
Meg Ryan (1994)
Michelle Pfeiffer (1995)
Susan Sarandon (1996)
Julia Roberts (1997)
Sigourney Weaver (1998)
Goldie Hawn (1999)
Jamie Lee Curtis (2000)
2001–present
Drew Barrymore (2001)
Sarah Jessica Parker (2002)
Anjelica Huston (2003)
Sandra Bullock (2004)
Catherine Zeta-Jones (2005)
Halle Berry (2006)
Scarlett Johansson (2007)
Charlize Theron (2008)
Renée Zellweger (2009)
Anne Hathaway (2010)
Julianne Moore (2011)
Claire Danes (2012)
Marion Cotillard (2013)
Helen Mirren (2014)
Amy Poehler (2015)
Kerry Washington (2016)
Octavia Spencer (2017)
Mila Kunis (2018)
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Television Hall of Fame Class of 2010
Candice Bergen
Charles Lisanby
Don Pardo
Gene Roddenberry
The Smothers Brothers
Bob Stewart
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX1298582
BNF: cb13891386f (data)
GND: 137433433
ISNI: 0000 0000 8161 1890
LCCN: n83233507
ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\074386
SNAC: w6cr6hdp
SUDOC: 058252428
VIAF: 85818314
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Candice_Bergen&oldid=851599340"
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Subaru
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Subaru (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 36°17′51″N 139°22′05″E / 36.2975685°N 139.368058°E / 36.2975685; 139.368058
Subaru
Confidence in Motion
Subaru corporate headquarters building
Native name
スバル
Industry
Automobile manufacturing
Founded
July 15, 1953; 64 years ago (1953-07-15)[1][2]
Founder
Kenji Kita
Chikuhei Nakajima (predecessor)
Headquarters
Ebisu, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Yasuyuki Yoshinaga, (Representative Director, President and CEO)
Jun Kondo, (Representative Director & Vice-President)
Products
Automobiles
Production output
1,065,000 units (2017)[3]
Revenue
¥3,325.992 billion (2017)[3]
Operating income
¥410.810 billion (2017)[3]
Net income
¥282.354 billion (2017)[3]
Total assets
¥2,762.321 billion (2017)[3]
Parent
Subaru Corporation
Divisions
Subaru Tecnica International
Website
Subaru Global
Subaru (スバル) (/ˈsuːbəruː/ or /sʊˈbɑːruː/;[4][5] Japanese pronunciation: [sɯbaɾɯ])[6] is the automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate Subaru Corporation (formerly known as Fuji Heavy Industries), the twenty-second largest automaker by production worldwide in 2012.[7]
Subaru cars are known for the use of a boxer engine layout in most vehicles above 1500 cc. Most Subaru models have used the Symmetrical All Wheel Drive drive-train layout since 1972. The flat/boxer engine and all-wheel-drive became standard equipment for mid-size and smaller cars in most international markets by 1996, and is now standard in most North American market Subaru vehicles. The lone exception is the BRZ, introduced in 2012, which uses the boxer engine but instead uses a rear-wheel-drive structure. Subaru also offers turbocharged versions of their passenger cars, such as the Impreza WRX and the Legacy 2.5GT. The 2.0XT trim of the Forester also includes a turbocharged engine.
In Western markets, the Subaru brand has traditionally been popular among a dedicated core of buyers. Marketing is targeted towards specific niches centered on those who desire the company's signature drive train engine, all-wheel/rough-road capabilities or affordable sports car markets.[8]
Subaru is the Japanese name for the Pleiades star cluster M45, or "The Seven Sisters" (one of whom tradition says is invisible – hence only six stars in the Subaru logo), which in turn inspires the logo and alludes to the companies that merged to create FHI.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI) and Subaru's first cars
1.2 Later partnerships
1.3 Marketing efforts
1.3.1 Hōkago no Pleiades (Original net animation)
2 Current operations
2.1 Manufacturing facilities
2.2 Subaru in Canada
2.3 Subaru in Asia
2.4 Subaru in the United Kingdom
2.5 Subaru in the United States
3 Motorsports
4 Technology
4.1 Diesel
4.2 Electric vehicles
4.3 Electronics
5 Environmental record
6 Current and former Subaru vehicles
6.1 1950s
6.2 1970s
6.3 1980s
6.4 1990s
6.5 2000s
6.6 2010s
6.7 Other manufacturers
6.8 Concept vehicles
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
Former logo on a Subaru 360 showing six stars in an arrangement similar to the Pleiades open star cluster
Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI) and Subaru's first cars[edit]
Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war.[10] In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company.[11]
Subaru 1500, a.k.a. the P-1
Kenji Kita, CEO of Fuji Heavy Industries at the time, wanted the new company to be involved in car manufacturing and soon began plans for building a car with the development code-name P-1. Mr. Kita canvassed the company for suggestions about naming the P1, but none of the proposals was appealing enough. In the end he gave the company a Japanese name that he had "been cherishing in his heart": Subaru, which is the name of the Pleiades star cluster in Japanese. The first Subaru car was named the Subaru 1500.[12] Only twenty were manufactured owing to multiple supply issues. Subsequently, the company designed and manufactured dozens of vehicles including the 1500 (1954), the tiny air-cooled 360 (1958), the Sambar (1961), and the 1000 (which saw the introduction of the Subaru boxer engine in 1965).
1958 Subaru 360
Later partnerships[edit]
Nissan acquired a 20.4% stake in Fuji Heavy Industries, Subaru's parent company, in 1968 during a period of government-ordered merging of the Japanese auto industry in order to improve competitiveness under the administration of Prime Minister Eisaku Sato. Nissan would utilize FHI's bus manufacturing capability and expertise for their Nissan Diesel line of buses. In turn many Subaru vehicles, even today, use parts from the Nissan manufacturing keiretsu. The Subaru automatic transmission, known as the 4EAT, is also used in the first generation Nissan Pathfinder. While under this arrangement with Nissan, Subaru introduced the R-2 (1969), the Rex and the Leone (1971), the BRAT (1978), Alcyone (1985), the Legacy (1989), the Impreza (1993) (and its WRX subtype), and the Forester (1997).
Upon Nissan's acquisition by Renault, its stake in FHI was sold to General Motors in 1999. Troy Clarke, of General Motors served as representative to Fuji Heavy Industries on their corporate board. During that time, Subaru introduced the Baja (2003), and the Tribeca (2005). The Subaru Forester was sold as a Chevrolet Forester in India in exchange for the Opel Zafira being sold as a Subaru Traviq in Japan. Also, the Chevrolet Borrego concept was presented in 2002, a crossover coupe/pickup truck being derived from the Japanese-market Legacy Turbo platform. During the brief General Motors period, a "badge engineered" Impreza was sold in the United States as the Saab 9-2X. An SUV (Subaru Tribeca / Saab 9-6X) was also planned[13][14] but the Saab version did not proceed, and styling was recycled in the 2008 Tribeca refresh.[15]
GM liquidated their holdings in FHI in 2005. Nearly all Saab-Subaru joint projects were dropped at that time, other than Subaru supplying parts for the Saab 9-2x.[16] Toyota Motors bought a little over 40% of GM's former FHI stock, amounting to 8.7% of FHI. (The rest of GM's shares went to a Fuji stock buy-back program.)[16] Toyota and Subaru have since collaborated on a number of projects, among them building the Toyota Camry in Subaru's Indiana U.S. plant beginning in April 2007.[17] Subaru introduced the Exiga in 2008.
Toyota increased their share of FHI to 16.5% in July 2008.[18] Subsequently, Toyota and Subaru jointly developed the Toyota 86, first sold in January 2012 as the Subaru BRZ and by Toyota under various names.
Marketing efforts[edit]
Some of the advertising slogans Subaru has used in the past include "Inexpensive, and built to stay that way" (USA 1970s - early 1980s), "The World's Favourite Four Wheel Drive" (in the UK), "Plus on y pense, plus on a le gout de la conduire" (Literally: "The more one thinks, the more one has the taste (or desire, impulse, drive) of driving it") in French Quebec,[19] "We built our reputation by building a better car", "What to Drive", "The Beauty of All-Wheel Drive", "Driven by What's Inside", "Think, Feel, Drive", "Love. It's what makes Subaru, a Subaru" (USA early 2010s) and currently "Confidence in Motion" in North America, "All 4 The Driver" in Australia, and "Uncommon Engineering, Uncommon Stability, Uncommon Roadholding, Uncommon Sense" in the UK and "Technology that gives you Confidence in Motion" in Southeast Asia.[20]
As a result of this[clarification needed] refocused advertising campaign, Subaru products began to attract a following among the young and educated, who saw the car as a practical alternative to the SUV craze. Subaru has historically been popular in the Northeastern United States as well as the Pacific Northwest. According to Automotive Lease Guide, Subaru ranked second place in vehicles that have the highest overall predicted resale values among all industry and all luxury vehicles for MY 2009.[21] The awards are derived after carefully studying segment competition, historical vehicle performance and industry trends. According to a study done by J.D. Power and Associates for the 2008 Customer Retention Study, Subaru ranked at 50.5%, which was above the national average of 48%.[22]
Hōkago no Pleiades (Original net animation)[edit]
Main article: Wish Upon the Pleiades
Subaru launched an animation series Hōkago no Pleiades (放課後のプレアデス, Hōkago no Pureadesu, lit. 'After School Pleiades') developed jointly with Gainax. The 4-part mini episode series was released on YouTube on February 1, 2011. It featured a magical girl plot with Subaru as a leading protagonist.
Current operations[edit]
Subaru's corporate headquarters are located in Ebisu, Tokyo.
Manufacturing facilities[edit]
Subaru is distinct from many of its Japanese competitors in that as of early 2016 it still made almost 75% of its cars sold internationally in Japan.[23] Subaru's facilities designated to automotive manufacturing are located in Ōta, Gunma Prefecture, consisting of four locations. Subaru-chō is where the Subaru BRZ/Toyota 86 is built, having been re-purposed from kei car production, Yajima Plant is where all current Subaru cars are built, Otakita Plant is where commercial kei trucks are built (originally a factory location of Nakajima Aircraft Company), and Oizumi Plant in Oizumi, Gunma Prefecture, is where engines and transmissions are built.[24]
Subaru's only overseas manufacturing facility is located in Lafayette, Indiana; the factory is called Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.. Due to continued sales growth in North American markets, vehicle production capacity at the Lafayette assembly plant is set to expand to 390,000 vehicles annually. Under the current strategic plan, Subaru will have a total production capacity of 1,026,000 vehicles per year at the end of 2016.[25]
Subaru in Canada[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1976, Canadians got their first exposure to Subaru vehicles when Subaru Auto Canada Limited (SACL) began offering the Subaru Leone. In 1989, the privately owned SACL was purchased by the Toronto-based Subaru Canada, Inc. who, under the guidance of parent company Fuji Heavy Industries, began an expansion process that would eventually see over 100 Subaru Dealers in operation across the country.
Subaru Canada, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fuji Heavy Industries of Japan. Headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario, the company markets and distributes Subaru vehicles, parts and accessories through a network of 88 authorized dealers throughout Canada.
Subaru in Asia[edit]
In Asian countries outside of Japan, Subaru vehicles, parts and accessories are supplied by Motor Image Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hong Kong-based Tan Chong International Limited under businessman Glenn Tan.
Subaru has entered the Philippine operations started in 1996 under the Columbian Motors Philippines ownership but withdrew in 2000. It returned in 2006 under a new ownership by Motor Image Pilipinas, Inc.[26] Subaru has eleven dealerships in the country: Greenhills, Fort Bonifacio, Manila Bay, Alabang, Davao, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Iloilo, Santa Rosa, Batangas, and Pampanga.[27]
Subaru in the United Kingdom[edit]
In 1974 Robert Edmiston was finance director at sports car manufacturer Jensen Motors. When the company went bankrupt, he used a £6,000 redundancy payout to set up International Motors[citation needed], which acquired the UK franchise for Subaru and Isuzu. The Coleshill based company is still the parent for Subaru in the UK.[28]
Subaru in the United States[edit]
Main article: Subaru of America
Subaru of America was established in 1968 in Philadelphia by Malcolm Bricklin and Harvey Lamm. It relocated to Pennsauken, New Jersey shortly thereafter and moved to its current headquarters in Cherry Hill, New Jersey when Fuji Heavy Industries acquired full ownership. Subaru of America operates regional offices, zone offices and parts distribution centers throughout the United States. Subaru of America also operates port facilities on both the West and East coasts.[29]
In 1989 Subaru and then-partner Isuzu opened a joint factory in Lafayette, Indiana called Subaru-Isuzu Automotive, or SIA, which initially manufactured the Subaru Legacy and Isuzu Rodeo. In 2001 Isuzu sold their stake in the plant to FHI for $1 due to flagging sales and it was renamed Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. SIA has been designated a backyard wildlife habitat by the National Wildlife Federation and has achieved a zero-landfill production designation (the first automotive assembly plant in the United States to earn that designation).[29]
According to the Kelley Blue Book in 2015, two Subaru models Forester and the Outback in the United States had very short inventory time (the time between being received by a dealer to being sold).[30]
Motorsports[edit]
Subaru Impreza WRC
Subaru Rally Team Japan led by Noriyuki Koseki (founder of Subaru Tecnica International, STI) ran Subaru Leone coupé, sedan DL, RX (SRX) and RX Turbo in the World Rally Championship between 1980 and 1989. Drivers for individual rallies included Ari Vatanen, Per Eklund, Shekhar Mehta, Mike Kirkland, Possum Bourne and Harald Demut. Mike Kirkland finished 6th overall and won the A Group at the 1986 Safari Rally. That year Subaru was one of the only manufacturers combining 4WD and turbo after Audi's successful quattro system had been introduced in 1980, but Audi withdrew from the WRC after safety concerns and Ford's serious accident early in the 1986 season. Subaru changed the rally model to Legacy RS for the 1990–1992 period and took part in the first complete season in the World Rally Championship with the same model in 1993.
Modified versions of the Impreza WRX and WRX STi have been competing successfully in rallying. Drivers Colin McRae (1995), Richard Burns (2001) and Petter Solberg (2003) have won World Rally Championship drivers' titles with the Subaru World Rally Team and Subaru took the manufacturers' title three years in a row from 1995 to 1997. Subaru's World Rally Championship cars are prepared and run by Prodrive, the highly successful British motorsport team. Several endurance records were set in the early and mid-nineties by the Subaru Legacy. The Subaru Justy also holds the world record for the fastest sub 1.0L car without a turbo: 123.224 mph average, it was set in 1989.[31]
Subaru was briefly involved in Formula One circuit racing when it bought a controlling interest in the tiny Italian Coloni team for the 1990 season. The Coloni 3B's 12-cylinder engine was badged as a Subaru and shared the boxer layout with the company's own engines, but was an existing design built by Italian firm Motori Moderni. The cars were overweight and underpowered and the partnership broke down before the season finished.[32] With the rise of rally racing and the Import scene in the US, the introduction of the highly anticipated Subaru Impreza WRX in 2001 was successful in bringing high-performance AWD compact cars into the sports car mainstream. Subaru supplies a factory-backed team, Subaru Rally Team USA for Rally America and has won the driver's title six times, most recently in 2011 with David Higgins.[33] Grassroots Motorsports awarded Subaru with the Editors' Choice Award in 2002.[full citation needed]
On 16 December 2008, it was announced that Subaru would no longer be competing in the World Rally Championships.[34] The decision was made by Subaru’s parent company, Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI), partly as a result of the economic downturn but also because it was felt Subaru had achieved its sporting and marketing objectives. Mr Ikuo Mori denied that alterations to the WRC technical regulations in 2010 or a rumoured deterioration in the working relationship with Prodrive had any impact on the decision. He also said that the possibility of a Subaru car back in the top category of WRC in the future is not zero, but for this moment there can be no assumption of a comeback.[35]
Since 2005, Cusco Racing have entered an Impreza sedan and a BRZ in the Super GT championship. In 2008, the Impreza was the first 4-door and first 4WD vehicle to win a race.
Starting in 2006, Subaru of America (SOA), as the official distributor of Subaru vehicles in the United States participates in the Subaru Road Racing Team (SRRT) with a Subaru Legacy 2.5 GT Spec-B in the Grand-Am Street Tuner class. In 2010, SRRT campaigns a Subaru Impreza WRX STI in the Grand Sport class.[36] In 2011, SRRT switched from the hatchback to a 2011 Subaru Impreza WRX STI sedan.
On 4 May 2012, Subaru Rally Team USA announced that a new rallycross team, Subaru Puma Rallycross Team USA will participate in the 2012 Global RallyCross Championship season with Dave Mirra, Bucky Lasek, and Sverre Isachsen.[37] They also competed in the 2014 FIA World Rallycross Championship.
In 2011, Mark Higgins used a stock Impreza to set a lap record at the Isle of Man TT course.[38] In 2016, Higgins again broke the record in a modified WRX STI.[39]
The impreza has won hillclimbs such as the Silverstone Race to the Sky and Mount Washington Hillclimb Auto Race.[citation needed]
Technology[edit]
Diesel[edit]
The 2007 Frankfurt International Motor Show saw Subaru introduce a horizontally opposed, water-cooled, common rail turbodiesel using a variable geometry turbocharger called the Subaru EE engine, the first of its type to be fitted to a passenger car. Volkswagen had experimented with this idea during the 1950s and made two air-cooled boxer prototype diesel engines that were not turbocharged. VW installed one engine in a Type 1 and another in a Type 2.[40]
The Subaru engine was rated at 110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) and 350 N⋅m (260 ft⋅lbf) with a displacement of 2.0 litres. In March 2008 Subaru offered the Legacy sedan and wagon and the Outback wagon with 2.0 litre turbodiesel in the EU with a 5-speed manual transmission.[41][42]
In September 2008 Subaru announced that the diesel Forester and diesel Impreza will be introduced at the 2008 Paris Motor Show, with Forester sales to begin October 2008 and diesel Impreza sales to start January 2009.[43] The Forester and Impreza will have a 6-speed manual transmission, whereas the Legacy and Outback have 5-speed manual transmissions.
United States Environmental Protection Agency fuel economy estimated is:
City Ranges
32.7 mpg‑US (7.2 L/100 km; 39.3 mpg‑imp)
33.6 mpg‑US (7.0 L/100 km; 40.4 mpg‑imp)
Highway Ranges
45.2 mpg‑US (5.20 L/100 km; 54.3 mpg‑imp)
49.0 mpg‑US (4.80 L/100 km; 58.8 mpg‑imp)[44]
Electric vehicles[edit]
In June 2006, Fuji Heavy Industries, Inc. (FHI) launched its Subaru Stella Plug-in electric vehicle which is a kei car equipped with a lithium-ion battery pack. The vehicle has a short range of 56 miles (90 km) but it actually costs more than the Mitsubishi iMiEV, at ¥4,380,000 (US$44,860), including Japanese Government consumption taxes with an exemption of $2,240. It will also qualify for a rebate from the Japanese Government of up to $14,200, bringing the price down to $30,660. The vehicle is much like the i-MiEV, with a 47-kilowatt motor and a quick-charge capability, but the two-door mini-car has a boxy shape. FHI plans to start delivery in late July and plans to sell 170 vehicles by March 2010.[45]
In Japan, Subaru is currently testing two electric vehicles called the Subaru G4e and the Subaru R1e.
The Subaru Hybrid Tourer Concept is a four-seat vehicle with gull-wing doors that combines a 2-liter turbocharged direct-injection gasoline engine with a continuously variable transmission and two axle-mounted motors. A lithium-ion battery pack provides energy storage for the vehicle.[46]
Electronics[edit]
Since the 2005 model year, Subaru has adopted the CAN bus technology for the USA and Canada markets. Starting in the 2007 model year, all Subaru vehicles use the CAN technology.[citation needed] Typically, two CAN-buses are used on vehicles: a high-speed CAN running at 500 kbit/s for powertrain communication, and a low-speed CAN running at 125 kbit/s for body control functions and instrument panels. A body-integrated unit (BIU) is used between these two networks.
Clarion and Harman Kardon are among the audio, video, and navigation technology suppliers for Subaru products in North America.[47] Clarion announced in 2015 that it was introducing its "Smart Access" platform, formerly only offered on Clarion's aftermarket products, to the units to be installed in certain Subaru 2015 models in North America. Smart Access is able to work with the driver's smartphone (either iPhone or Android) and allows access to various car-safe apps running on the phone via the car's built-in infotainment screen. [48][49] Subaru and Clarion have also, with Liberty Mutual Insurance, introduced the "RightTrack" in-vehicle app which will be able to monitor the driver's habits, make suggestions for safer driving, and possibly offer insurance discounts. [50][51]
Environmental record[edit]
USA-spec Subaru Legacy PZEV
Subaru claims to have implemented advanced policies which include recycling, reducing harmful emissions, and educating their employees. Their efforts have helped them in their environmental initiatives. The Subaru plant in Lafayette, Indiana (SIA) was the first auto assembly plant to achieve zero landfill status;[52] nothing from the manufacturing process goes into a landfill. The company has developed a recycling plan for the "end-of-life" of their cars. Most of their modern products use highly recyclable materials throughout the vehicle, in the engine, transmission, suspension and elsewhere in each vehicle leaving Subaru with a 97.3% recycling ratio rate for their end-of-life vehicles.[53]
An excerpt from the Subaru website stated "In 2006, SIA was awarded the United States Environmental Protection Agency´s Gold Achievement Award as a top achiever in the agency's WasteWise program to reduce waste and improve recycling." The website also stated that "It also became the first U.S. automotive assembly plant to be designated a wildlife habitat."
Subaru currently offers a Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (PZEV) certified Legacy, Outback, Impreza,[54] XV/Crosstrek[55] and Forester models[56] which are available for sale anywhere in the U.S. Subaru PZEV vehicles meet California's Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle exhaust emission standard.[52] All other models have been certified LEV2.
Current and former Subaru vehicles[edit]
1950s[edit]
360 (1958-1971)
1000 (1966-1969)
1500 (1954)
FF-1 G (1971-1972)
FF-1 Star (1969-1973)
R-2 (1969–1972)
1970s[edit]
Subaru Loyale (1971-1994)
BRAT (1978-1994)
Rex (1972-1992)
1980s[edit]
Sumo / Libero / Domingo / Columbuss / E series / Estratto (1983-1998)
Justy / Tutto (1984-2010, 2016-present)
XT / Alcyone / Vortex (1985-1991)
Legacy / Liberty (1989-present)
1990s[edit]
Vivio (1992-1998)
Impreza (1992-present)
Impreza WRX (2001-2014) and Impreza WRX STI (2001-2014)
Outback Sport / Gravel Express / RV (1994-present)
Alcyone / SVX (1991-1996)
Forester (1997-present)
Traviq (rebadged Opel Zafira) (1999-2005)
2000s[edit]
Baja (2003-2006)
R2 (2003-2010)
R1 (2005-2010)
Tribeca (2005-2014)
Trezia (2005-2017)
Exiga (2008-present)
2010s[edit]
BRZ (Toyota 86) (2012-present)
Subaru XV (2012-present)
Levorg (2014-present)
Subaru WRX (2015-present)
Other manufacturers[edit]
Subaru has partnered with various manufacturers over time - here are some of the models are sold in Asia and Europe. In Japan they are in the Kei car class with either front or all wheel drive and a straight engine. An article posted by Autoblog on April 16, 2008 stated that due to a corporate investment by Toyota, all Kei cars built by Subaru will be replaced by Daihatsu models beginning in 2010.[57]
Lucra
Pleo
Sambar
Stella
Dex
Concept vehicles[edit]
The following concepts vehicles did not go forward as production vehicles:
Subaru SRD-1 (Experimental design study introduced in 1990)
Subaru Suiren (Concept replacement for the BRAT/Brumby)
Subaru Exiga (1996, wagon)[58]
Subaru B9 Scrambler
Subaru B11S[59]
Subaru B5 TPH (Turbo Parallel Hybrid) (Japanese: Subaru B5-TPH)
Subaru Fleet-X
Subaru HS500[60]
Subaru VIZIV
See also[edit]
Japanese Car portal
Prodrive Motorsport team selected by Subaru to run their World Rally Team
Subaru Tecnica International (also known as STI)
List of Subaru engines
List of Subaru transmissions
Subaru EA engine series
Subaru EF engine series
Subaru EJ engine series
Symmetrical All Wheel Drive
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Corporate Information | Subaru Outline". SUBARU. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Corporate Information | Overview". Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Financial Results".
Jump up ^ "Subaru UK Boxer Diesel TV Ad". 2009-06-15.
Jump up ^ "Subaru Impreza 22B STI: The Original Rally Icon! - Ignition Episode Ep. 98". 2014-01-06.
Jump up ^ "Japanese pronunciation of Car Brand".
Jump up ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production, Year 2012" (PDF). OICA. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
Jump up ^ Jie, Ma; Hagiwara, Yuki (2013-08-09). "Subaru's 412% Surge Leads Carmaker to Debate Niche Status". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
Jump up ^ "Origins of Subaru name". Subaru-global.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Fuji Rabbit.com". Fuji Rabbit.com. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Subaru Heritage". Subaru Global. Subaru Corporation. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Inspiration of naming first Subaru vehicle". Subaru Global. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Saab 9-6X Gets the Go-ahead". edmunds.com/insideline. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Subaru plans new model revolution". autocar.co.uk/News. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Saab Developing Smaller Crossover After Collapse of Subaru Alliance". edmunds.com. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "GM sells Subaru stake to Toyota". AutoBlog. 2005-10-05. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Subaru to stop building Camrys for Toyota in Indiana, reports say". Automotive News. 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Update: Toyota nearly doubles stake in Subaru parent FHI". MotorAuthority. 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
Jump up ^ Subaru Legacy Canada sales brochure printed January 1990
Jump up ^ Korzeniewski, Jeremy (2008-04-25). "''What really makes a Subaru a Subaru? Love?''". AutoBlog.com. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ Automotive Lease Guide announcement for MY 2009
Jump up ^ "2008 Customer Retention Study | J.D. Power and Associates". Jdpower.com. 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Thomas (2015-07-28). "Subaru's secret: Marginalized foreign workers power a Japanese export boom". Reuters. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Facilities | Domestic facilities". Japan: Fuji Heavy Industries. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
Jump up ^ "2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Fuji Heavy Industries. 2015-06-24. p. 23. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Subaru - About Us > News and Events" (Press release). Motor Image, Philippines. 2009-01-26. Retrieved 2014-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Motor Image PH to open 4 new Subaru dealerships in 2013". Top Gear Philippines. 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2014-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Terms and Conditions | Latest Outback offers". UK: Subaru. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "Subaru's company history, policies, attitudes, viewpoints, and basic info". Subaru of America, Inc. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
Jump up ^ McIntyre, Douglas (2016-04-30). "Subaru outsells itself". 247wallstreet. US. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
Jump up ^ http://dp.subaru.com/
Jump up ^ Subaru Performance magazine version 4.3
Jump up ^ "David Higgins Wins 2011 Rally America National Championship". US: Vermont Sports Car. 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Subaru pull out of World Rallying". Japan Times. 2008-12-16.
Jump up ^ "Subaru doesn't rule out WRC return". WRC. 2008-12-16. Archived from the original on 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
Jump up ^ "Subaru Impreza WRX STI SRRT racecars". Carsession.com. US. 2010-02-01. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Drivers & Teams". Global Rally Cross. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
Jump up ^ Elfalan, Jonathan (2011-07-13). "Isle of Madness – 2011 Isle of Man Subaru Record Breaking Run". Road and Track. US. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
Jump up ^ Burt, Matt (2016-06-28). "New onboard video: Subaru's record-breaking Isle of Man TT lap". Autocar. US. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
Jump up ^ "The Diesel Beetle". ltv-vwc.org.uk. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Geneva Motor Show: Subaru diesel boxer engine". autobloggreen.com. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Subaru's 2.0L Turbodiesel Boxer – 110kW/147hp".
Jump up ^ Neff, John (2008-09-05). "Euro-spec Impreza diesel introduction". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Subaru Boxer Turbodiesel – Specifications – First Drive – Truck Trend". trucktrend.com. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
Jump up ^ "EERE News: Mitsubishi and Subaru Launch Electric Cars in Japan". US Department of Energy. 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
Jump up ^ "EERE News: Honda CR-Z Concept Hybrid Debuts at the Tokyo Motor Show". US Department of Energy. 2009-10-29. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
Jump up ^ "Clarion Japan | Business Outline". www.clarion.com. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Clarion Brings Aftermarket Technology To Subaru". www.twice.com. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Clarion U.S.A | Subaru Launches the Next Generation of its STARLINK Infotainment System Utilizing Clarion's Smart Access Connectivity Platform". www.clarion.com. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
Jump up ^ Insurance, Liberty Mutual. "Liberty Mutual Insurance and Subaru Introduce New Technology to Promote Safe Driving and Savings on Auto Insurance". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Harman Kardon Automotive Subaru". www.harmankardon.com. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Subaru's environmental record". Subaru.com. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. > CSR / Environment > Environmental Report ｜Automobile Recycling". Fhi.co.jp. 2005-01-01. Retrieved 2012-01-14.
Jump up ^ "2012 Subaru Impreza Sedan 2.0i PZEV Price With Options". Edmunds.com. Retrieved 2012-01-14.
Jump up ^ "2016 Subaru Crosstrek Models & Specs - Crossover". Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "It's What Makes a Subaru, a Subaru: Controlling Emissions - Part Two". Drive2.subaru.com. Retrieved 2012-01-14.
Jump up ^ Gardiner, Justin (2008-04-16). "Subaru to stop making Kei Cars". Autoblog. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Jump up ^ Manning, Steve (1999). "1996 Subaru Exiga station wagon (concept car)". The Online Home of the Station Wagon. US. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
Jump up ^ "Subaru B11S". Diseno-Art. 2014. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
Jump up ^ "Subaru to make bikes?". Faster and Faster. 2007-12-04. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Subaru vehicles.
Official website
Fuji Heavy Industries
Subaru Tecnica International
Subaru at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Subaru at the Internet Movie Cars Database
[hide]
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e
Subaru
Current
Cars
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SUVs/Crossovers
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XV/Crosstrek XV
Ascent
Vans
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Discontinued
360/460
1000
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« previous — Subaru, a division of Fuji Heavy Industries, vehicle timeline in North America, 1990s–present
Type 1990s 2000s 2010s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Subcompact Justy KA
Impreza I GC/GF/GM Impreza II GD/GG
Compact Leone/Loyale AC/AG/AN Impreza III GE/GH/GR Impreza IV GJ/GP Impreza V
Outback Sport I Outback Sport II Outback Sport III XV Crosstrek Crosstrek
Mid-size Legacy I BC/BF/BJ Legacy II BD/BG/BK Legacy III BE/BH Legacy IV BL/BP Legacy V BM Legacy VI BN
Sports coupé XT AX SVX CX BRZ
Crossover/SUV Forester I SF Forester II SG Forester III SH Forester IV SJ
Outback I BG Outback II BH Outback III BP Outback IV BR Outback V BS
Tribeca WX
Coupe Utility BRAT Baja BT
Current
BRZ
Forester
Impreza / Crosstrek
Legacy
Outback
Engines
EA
EE
EF
EG
EJ
EK
EL
EN
EZ
AVCS
i-AVLS
FB
Past
1500
360
1000
Alcyone XT
Alcyone SVX
Baja
BRAT
FF-1 G
FF-1 Star
Justy
Leone
R1
R2
Tribeca
Concept
SRD-1 (1990)
Fleet-X (1999)
B11S (2003)
B9 Scrambler (2003)
R1e (2003)
B5 TPH (2005)
G4e (2007)
Hybrid & Advanced Tourer (2009, 2011)
Viziv (2013–15)
Miscellaneous
Parent: Fuji Heavy Industries
Subaru World Rally Team
[show]
v
t
e
« previous — Subaru, a division of Fuji Heavy Industries, vehicle timeline, 1990s–present
Type 1990s 2000s 2010s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kei car Rex Vivio Pleo I Pleo II (rebadged Daihatsu Mira)
R1
R2 Lucra (rebadged Daihatsu Tanto Exe) Chiffon
Stella I Stella II (rebadged Daihatsu Move)
Kei truck/Microvan Sambar / Domingo Sambar Dias Wagon
Subcompact Justy I Justy II Justy III Justy IV Trezia Justy V
Dex
Compact Leone III Leone IV Leone V
Impreza I Impreza II Impreza III Impreza IV
Legacy I Levorg
Mid-size Legacy II Legacy III Legacy IV Legacy V Legacy VI
Sports coupé Alcyone XT Alcyone SVX BRZ
Minivan Traviq Exiga
Crossover SUV XV
Outback I Outback II Outback III Outback IV Outback V
Bighorn Bighorn Forester I Forester II Forester III Forester IV
Tribeca
Coupé utility BRAT Baja
Current
Exiga
Forester
Impreza (XV, WRX, STI)
Legacy
Levorg
Lucra
Outback
Pleo
Sambar
Stella
TransCare
Trezia
Ascent
Engines
EA
EE
EF
EG
EJ
EK
EL
EN
EZ
AVCS
i-AVLS
FA
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Historic and discontinued
1500
360
1000
Alcyone XT
Alcyone SVX
Baja
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BRAT
Dex
Domingo
FF-1 G
FF-1 Star
Justy
Leone
Sumo
R-2
R1
R2 (Modern)
Rex
Traviq
Tribeca
Vivio
Concept
SRD-1 (1990)
Fleet-X (1999)
B11S (2003)
B9 Scrambler (2003)
R1e (2003)
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Viziv (2013–15)
Related
Fuji Heavy Industries
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Wish Upon the Pleiades
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Subaru – Asturian
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Subaru – Czech
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Subaru – Danish
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Subaru – German
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Subaru – Estonian
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Subaru – Greek
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Subaru – Spanish
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Subaru – Basque
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Subaru – French
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Subaru – Croatian
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Subaru – Indonesian
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Subaru – Icelandic
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Subaru – Latvian
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Subaru – Lithuanian
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Subaru – Scots
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Subaru – Serbo-Croatian
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Subaru – Finnish
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Subaru – Swedish
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Subaru – Turkish
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Subaru – Ukrainian
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