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Rockapella
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Rockapella
Rockapella performing in Clearwater, Florida on December 20, 2013.
Background information
Origin
New York City, U.S.A.
Genres
A cappella
Years active
1986–present
Labels
Shakariki Records / PAID, Inc., Amerigo Records, J-Bird Records, Rentrak Records, ForLife Records
Associated acts
The GrooveBarbers
Website
www.rockapella.com
Members
Scott Leonard
Jeff Thacher
Calvin Jones
Mitchell Rains
Bryant Vance
Past members
Sean Altman
Elliott Kerman
Steve Keyes
David Stix (deceased)[1]
Charlie Evett
Barry Carl
Kevin Wright
John K. Brown
George Baldi III
Steven Dorian
Ryan Chappelle
Rockapella is an American a cappella musical group formed in 1986 in New York City. Their name is a portmanteau of "rock" and "a cappella". Rockapella sings original vocal music and a cappella covers of pop and rock songs; over time, their sound has evolved from high-energy pop and world music toward a more R&B-style sound. Rockapella originally found their biggest success in Japan during the 1990s, while in the United States, they are best remembered for their role as a vocal house band and resident comedy troupe on the PBS children's geography game show Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?.
Rockapella has released 19 albums in Japan and the United States, and 3 compilation albums in Japan. The text "All sounds provided by the voices and appendages of Rockapella", the central idea of the band, has appeared on all of their CDs since the addition of their vocal percussionist.
Contents
[hide]
1 Band history
1.1 Early years (1986–1990)
1.2 Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1991–1996)
1.3 Post-Carmen Sandiego years (1997–present)
2 Life after Rockapella
3 Personnel
4 Discography
4.1 Domestic releases
4.2 International releases
4.3 Compilations
4.4 Various releases
4.5 Solo and other CDs
5 Songs used in commercials
6 Filmography
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Band history[edit]
Early years (1986–1990)[edit]
The founding members of Rockapella consisted of Brown University alumni Sean Altman, Elliott Kerman, Steve Keyes, and David Stix. They had each been in an a cappella group at Brown called High Jinks, but not all at the same time. Having been in High Jinks the longest, Altman was the only connection between the other three members; when they found with each other in New York City following their graduation, they decided to form Rockapella. The band began performing on New York City street corners in 1986 with a hat at their feet and a song repertoire that consisted of a mix of barbershop arrangements and a cappella renditions of classic doo wop pieces that evolved to focus less on oldies and barbershop and more on contemporary rock music. Passers-by began to drop business cards into the hat, and these street corner performances led to private party and club performances around NYC.
Stix left the group in 1987 to pursue his artistic career and was replaced by Charlie Evett. That same year, a dinner party performance for television personality Kathie Lee Gifford led to Rockapella's 1988 appearance on the WABC-TV show The Morning Show, Regis Philbin and Gifford's NYC morning talk show before it went national. Their performance of Altman's signature arrangement of the calypso novelty standard "Zombie Jamboree" caught the eye of producer Gerard Brown. He invited Rockapella to perform on the PBS "Great Performances" TV special Spike Lee & Company – Do It A Cappella,[2] which would put them into the national spotlight. However, Evett left the group to continue a career in software design in 1988 before the special's taping, and Barry Carl was hired to take his place.
Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1991–1996)[edit]
Further information: Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)
With a PBS special and numerous morning talk show appearances under their collective belt, Rockapella was noticed by the producers of an up-and-coming children's geography game show Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?. Shortly before the show's premiere, Keyes had decided to leave Rockapella to launch his legal career, but was still part of the band when they auditioned and were hired to write and perform the show's theme song as well as appearing as the comic relief house band. Keyes was replaced by Scott Leonard, who had just returned from a career as the lead singer in a Tokyo Disneyland electronic rock band. Between Leonard joining the band and the start of their television break, Rockapella began to pick up fame, starring in a Whoopi Goldberg HBO comedy special Chez Whoopi, a Taco Bell commercial, and opened for acts such as Chuck Berry, Styx, Billy Joel, and their a cappella idols The Persuasions, who the group had met on the Do It A Cappella special. They also performed on Jay Leno's first New Year's Eve episode of The Tonight Show in 1992.[3]
Rockapella first appeared on the half-hour game show in 1991 and later continued to appear daily for five seasons, catapulting the band's four members into mid-level television celebrity status and making the Rockapella-performed theme song (which was penned by Altman and his childhood friend, David Yazbek) as one of the best known television themes in history. Jeff Thacher joined Rockapella as the band's permanent vocal percussionist in 1993, although he only appeared on Carmen Sandiego during its fifth and final season two years later. While Rockapella was seen daily in homes across America, Leonard used his connections to the Japanese music market to acquire a recording contract with ForLife Records. The group released seven albums of original and cover material under this label in Japan during their run on Carmen Sandiego and for two years after that, being the first to bring contemporary a cappella music to Japan.[3]
Post-Carmen Sandiego years (1997–present)[edit]
Rockapella performing in 2003. (L-R) Kevin Wright, Elliott Kerman, George Baldi III, Scott Leonard, Jeff Thacher.
Following the end of Carmen Sandiego in 1996, Altman left Rockapella to pursue his solo career the following year, and was replaced by Kevin Wright; it was this line-up that would find itself gaining a boost in popularity in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. An American record label, two Folger's coffee commercials that ran between 1998 and 2001, and another PBS special of their December 9, 2000, concert brought Rockapella to be known as the front-runners of modern-day a cappella. In 2002, Carl hung up his pipes as bassist and was replaced by George Baldi III. In 2003, the group started their now annual "A Rockapella Holiday" tour, and in 2004, they released a live album, as well as re-released all of their previous North American albums on the independent label Shakariki Records. That same year, Kerman, the group's baritone and the last remaining founding member of the group, decided to leave Rockapella and was replaced by John K. Brown, a second tenor. This membership change initiated the era of, as the group refers to it, "The New Rockapella", in which the group has added more choreography and energy to their concert performances.[4] Between 2005 and 2009, Rockapella focused on touring both domestically and around the world, continuing their popularity in North America and Japan while also boosting their newfound popularity in Europe and Asia in countries such as Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, and South Korea. Rockapella began joining the Boston Pops on stage in the eastern US in 2006, creating a concert experience that shows both the orchestra's and Rockapella's talents separately and together in a manner never done before: a cappella with instrumentation.[5] In August 2009, Wright announced he would be leaving the group at the end of the year to spend more time with his family;[6] his last performance with the band was on December 22 of that same year,[7] and was replaced by Steven Dorian.
In August 2010, the group announced their first ever concert cruise through Galaxsea Travel aboard Carnival Cruise Lines' Glory. It took place on January 23–30, 2011 and included private concerts and a meet and greet cocktail party with Rockapella. On September 21, 2010, after much build up by the group since January, the band released Bang, their first full scale studio album since 2002, in digital format via iTunes, Amazon.com, and their website; physical CDs became available on October 21.[8] On December 17, PAID Inc., the group's brand management and marketing resource, announced a partnership with Fairwood Studios that resulted in Rockapella becoming the first a cappella band to be featured in the Rock Band Network.[9] The project to make "Bang", the title track off their newest album, the first track in Rock Band to feature full, four-instrument gameplay based on no live or synthesized instruments began in the summer of 2010,[10][11] and was released for purchase on January 30, 2011 through the RBN.[12] As shown by an accompanying video released through YouTube on Fairwood Studios' channel, the vocal player sings along with Leonard's lead, the guitarist strums to Brown and Dorian's backup vocals, the bass guitar player follows Baldi's bass vocals, and the player on the drums uses Thacher's vocal percussion as their notes.[13][note 1] At the beginning of 2011, the band's cover of "It's A Small World" from their album Comfort & Joy, was featured in a TV commercial for the animated film Gnomeo and Juliet.[14] Along with their usual holiday shows, Rockapella joined the Boston Pops in November and December 2011 for ten shows during their Christmas tour, a first for the band.[15][16] On November 16, 2011, Rockapella released a new holiday album, A Rockapella Holiday, announcing the release via Facebook.[17] In the spring of 2012, Rockapella revealed a new covers album was in the works, titled Motown & More, to accompany their live show of the same name.[18][19][20] Just prior to release, a YouTube sampler of the forthcoming album tracks was posted & announced via Facebook,[21] presenting song clips accompanied by album-related graphics. The album was released on March 15, 2013 on iTunes[22] and is currently also available on Amazon.com & CDBaby.[23][24] The band released two music videos of original music on YouTube in 2013: "Pretty Much You" from Motown & More on May 21, 2013, and "4U4Now4Life" from Bang on September 10, 2013. In a Facebook post on October 14, Brown announced he would be leaving the group at the end of the month to enter the ministry full-time.[25] He was replaced by Calvin Jones, who began performing with the group at their first Christmas show of 2013.[26] After a run as substitute bass during the 2014 holiday tour, Ryan Chappelle, a former member of Boston's Ball In The House("BITH") officially replaced George Baldi as bass singer on band photos and other materials in early 2015, with Baldi periodically appearing on tour as a sub.[27] On April 11, 2015, following two months of tour dates in Reno, NV and other western US cities, the group released a music video and studio single of one of the new songs from their stage show: a "mashup" of "Rock Around The Clock" and "Tell Me Something Good" featuring their new bass, and shot in and around Reno. On July 27, 2015, Funny or Die reunited four of the five Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? members on-camera (and the 5th via music only) to record & perform a comedy parody version of the TV theme song, regarding the recent escape & pursuit of Mexican drug lord El Chapo, entitled "Where In The World Is El Chapo?". On October 23, 2015, Mashable.com reunited Carmen Sandiego era member and theme song co-writer Sean Altman with members of the present group for a reunion interview & performance on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Carmen Sandiego franchise, as well as 24th anniversary of the television program. On February 9, 2016, the group released a music video and studio single on the occasion of Valentine's Day: an uptempo cover of "(The) Candy Man".
Life after Rockapella[edit]
Most of the former members of Rockapella have remained in the singing business since their departures. Altman, Keyes, Evett, and non-Rockapella-member baritone Kevin Weist now comprise an a cappella group called The GrooveBarbers. They were cast in a nationwide television ad for Astelin nasal spray as 'The Astelins'. They focus more on Altman's originals, barbershop arrangements, and a cappella doo wop than covers of pop songs. Altman has also released three solo albums and two Jewish comedy albums, one of which to go along with his solo comedy act Jewmongous. Kerman is working independently on jazz music compilations. Carl recorded a solo album, The SoLow Project, in 2004 and has pursued various musical and voice-over opportunies, as well as enjoying his semi-retirement. Kerman and Carl have joined The GrooveBarbers on stage on more than one occasion, and since 2008 have reunited with Altman and Keyes on five occasions, billing themselves as XRP. This regrouping of the 1988–1991 line up of Rockapella was originally scheduled to occur only twice: once as a practice gig on July 26, 2008,[28] and a second time at the 2008 A Cappellastock in Ogden, Utah on August 23.[29] However, XRP got together for a third show on April 17, 2009[30] and sang a song written by Carl and Altman on the Schoolhouse Rock!: Earth Rock soundtrack called "You Oughta Be Savin' Water". Following this, a fourth concert on December 13, 2012 was announced by Carl,[31] and a fifth concert in support of the Harlem, New York City public school Central Park East 2 on February 1, 2014 was announced by Altman.[32] Sean Altman has continued to release multiple singles & videos[33] under both his name and that of Jewmongous, often in collaboration with Rockapella member Jeff Thacher as video director[34]
Personnel[edit]
Current members
Scott Leonard - High Tenor (1991–present)
Jeff Thacher - Vocal Percussion (1993–present)
Calvin Jones - Tenor (2013–present)
Bryant Vance - Bass (2016-present)
Mitchell Rains - Tenor (2016-present)
Supporting musicians
Christopher Rossi – Tenor (2013–present; substitute for Steven Dorian, now Mitchell Rains)
George Baldi III – Bass (2015–present; substitute for Ryan Chappelle, now Bryant Vance)
John K. Brown – Tenor (2014–present; substitute for Calvin Jones)
Ryan Chappelle - Bass (2016–present)
Steven Dorian - Tenor (2016-present)
Former members
Sean Altman - Tenor (1986-1997; founding member)
Elliott Kerman - Baritone (1986-2004; founding member)
Steve Keyes - High Tenor (1986-1991; founding member)
David Stix - Bass (1986-1987; founding member)
Charlie Evett - Bass (1987-1988)
Barry Carl - Bass (1988-2002)
Kevin Wright - Tenor (1997-2009)
John K. Brown - Tenor (2004-2013)
George Baldi III - Bass (2002-2014)
Ryan Chappelle - Bass (2014–2016)
Steven Dorian - Tenor (2009–2016)
Former supporting musicians
Kenny X – Vocal percussion (1992; touring)
David Yazbek – Vocal percussion (1992; session)
Nathan Herron – Tenor (2014–???; substitute for Steven Dorian)
Rolin E. Alexis – Bass (2014–???; substitute for George Baldi III and Ryan Chappelle)
Discography[edit]
Domestic releases[edit]
Release Date
Album/Single
Line-up
Label
February 2016 "Candy Man" single Leonard, Thacher, Dorian, Jones, Chappelle Shakariki Records
April 2015 "Rock Around The Clock / Tell Me Something Good" single Leonard, Thacher, Dorian, Jones, Chappelle Shakariki Records
March 2013 Motown & More Leonard, Thacher, Dorian, Baldi, Brown Shakariki Records
November 2011 A Rockapella Holiday Leonard, Thacher, Dorian, Baldi, Brown Shakariki Records / PAID, Inc.
September 2010 Bang Leonard, Thacher, Dorian, Baldi, Brown Shakariki Records / PAID, Inc.
June 2004 Live In Japan Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi Shakariki Records
November 2002 Comfort & Joy Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi Amerigo Records
Re-released on Shakariki Records in 2004
August 2002 Smilin' Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi Amerigo Records
Re-released on Shakariki Records in 2004
March 2001 In Concert Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright J-Bird Records
Re-released on Shakariki Records in 2004
October 2000 Christmas Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright J-Bird Records
Re-released on Shakariki Records in 2004
March 2000 2 Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright J-Bird Records
Re-released on Shakariki Records in 2004
February 1999 Don't Tell Me You Do Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright J-Bird Records
Re-released on Shakariki Records in 2004
Mid-1997 Rockapella Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright Independent
Mid-1996 Lucky Seven Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher Independent
Mid-1995 Primer Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher Independent
International releases[edit]
Release Date
Album
Line-up
Label
June 2005 Live At Duo Music Exchange Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi Duo Records
2002 In Concert Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi Rentrak Records
November 2001 Christmas Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi Rentrak Records
November 1996 Lucky Seven:
Memories And Dreams Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher ForLife Records
November 1995 Best Fest Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher ForLife Records
November 1994 Out Cold Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher ForLife Records
April 1994 Vocobeat Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher ForLife Records
December 1992 Bash! Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard ForLife Records
May 1992 From N.Y. Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard ForLife Records
May 1992 To N.Y. Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard ForLife Records
Compilations[edit]
Release Date
Album
Line-up
Label
September 2002 Best A Cappella Altman, Leonard, Kerman, Carl, Thacher ForLife Records
2002 More Than Ever Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright Rentrak Records
Various releases[edit]
Year
Album
Line-up
Song
2007 Hokie Nation: An A Cappella Tribute Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright "I'll Hear Your Voice"
2002 20 Christmas Stars, Vol. IV Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi "Merry Christmas Darling"
2000 Mark and Brian: Little Drummer Boys Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright Silver Bells" (Live performance)
2000 A Cappella Christmas Party Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard "Hold Out For Christmas"
1999 Revival – Sam Harris Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright "A Change In My Life" (Background vocals)
1996 Voices Only: A Cappella Originals Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher "Bed Of Nails"
1995 Ben & Jerry's One World-One Heart For Kids Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard "The Light Of The Sun" w/Richie Havens
1994 95.5 WPLJ presents Scott & Todd's Scam-America Comedy Album Vol. II Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher "Where In The World Is Joseph P. Nolan"
1994 Biggest Little Ticket Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher "Everything To Me"
"I Like You Very Much"
1993 Carmen Sandiego: Out of This World Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher "Big Wet Rag"
1993 Put On Your Green Shoes Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard "Light Of The Sun" w/Richie Havens
1993 Muppet Beach Party Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard "Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow"
1992 Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Yazbek "Capital"
"Everything To Me"
"My Home"
"Let's Get Away From It All"
"Indiana"
"Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?"
1992 Modern A Cappella Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard "Zombie Jamboree"
1991 Zappa's Universe Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard "Elvis Has Left The Building"
"Heavenly Bank Account"
1990 Spike Lee & Company: Do It A Cappella Altman, Keyes, Kerman, Carl "Zombie Jamboree"
"Under The Boardwalk" (with True Image)
Solo and other CDs[edit]
Release Date
Album
Artist
1997 SeanDEMOnium Sean Altman
March 2002 Alt.mania Sean Altman
June 2005 Losing Streak Sean Altman
2006 Unorthodox Sean Altman (What I Like About Jew)
2008 Taller Than Jesus Sean Altman (JEWMONGOUS)
2005 Glory The GrooveBarbers
March 2010 Guts The GrooveBarbers
July 2004 The SoLow Project Barry Carl
1996 My Favorites: The Bee Gees Scott Leonard
February 1999 Bluespeel Scott Leonard (Flying Faders)
2002 Nice Kitty Scott Leonard (fi-Ling Fader)
May 2007 1man1mike Scott Leonard
March 2010 Tokyo Robots Scott Leonard
January 2009 Essence of Worship John K. Brown
January 2009 God Has A Hold On Me John K. Brown
June 2010 bOOmbOOm John K. Brown
June 2011 Unplugged John K. Brown
November 2012 A "Just Play It" Christmas John K. Brown
2014 Warning: Barbershop! The GrooveBarbers
Songs used in commercials[edit]
Gnomeo and Juliet - feature film trailer
Folgers coffee
NBC The Today Show promos for the earliest version of the program's "Where in the World is Matt Lauer?" segment. The song was re-recorded later in different styles by other musicians.
Mounds/Almond Joy
Doritos
Mazola
Kent Super Lights - Japan-only
Showtime - (Became "We Got A Happy Holiday" song from Japan-only album "Bash")
HBO
Taco Bell
Bacardi
Budweiser
AFLAC insurance
ProScan televisions
Arby's
Ozone Ford - Long Island, NY dealership (now defunct)
Tools To Help You Choose (an infomercial about the TV Ratings System)
This list of songs or music-related items is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Filmography[edit]
Spike Lee & Co. Do It A Capella (1990, guest appearance)
Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1991-1995, house band and comedy troupe)
Chez Whoopi (1991, guest appearance)
Zappa's Universe (1991, guest appearance)
The Biggest Little Ticket (1993, guest appearance)
Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (1997, were the voices of The Five Little Piggies in the special, "Mother Goose: A Rapping and Rhyming Special"
Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular (1998, guest appearance)
The 1999 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
So You Think You Can Dance Canada (2011, guest appearance)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Full length video of "Bang" gameplay on expert autoplay. Youtube.com (January 31, 2011). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=51938858
Jump up ^ Spike & Co.: Do It A Cappella Review | TV Reviews and News. EW.com (October 05, 1990). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b The Showbiz Wizard: ROCKAPELLA'S SCOTT LEONARD!. Theshowbizwizard.blogspot.com (January 03, 2011). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Interview With Rockapella's Jeff Thacher | A Cappella Music – The Contemporary A Cappella Society. Casa.org (August 14, 2010). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ News – Spring '06 | News Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine.. Rockapella. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kevin Wright Says a Loving Goodbye to Rockapella | News Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine.. Rockapella. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kevin Wright's Final Shows with Rockapella | News Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine.. Rockapella. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ New Album "Bang" – Download TODAY! | News Archived 2010-09-25 at the Wayback Machine.. Rockapella. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rockapella Makes Unprecedented, All-Vocal Contribution to Rock Band Network Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.. Fairwoodstudios.com (December 17, 2010). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rockapella to Do It on the RBN. Rockbandaide.com. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Did you hear that.... Facebook. (December 22, 2010). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Full Song – "Bang" – Xbox.com. Marketplace.xbox.com. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rockapella (Performers) (December 17, 2010). Rockapella Comes to Rock Band! (Video game). New York: Fairwood Studios. Retrieved December 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Featured in Gnomeo and Juliet Commercial | News Archived 2011-03-23 at the Wayback Machine.. Rockapella. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rockapella's Scott Leonard | Spot on Long Island. Spotonli.com. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jeff Thacher (June 8, 2011). Jeff Thacher Checks In. Boston. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rockapella proudly announces the new album!. Facebook. (November 16, 2011). Retrieved on November 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Yes, it's true.... Facebook. (May 31, 2012). Retrieved on May 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rockapella's latest show.... Facebook. (March 19, 2012). Retrieved on May 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ September 14, 2012 Boston, MA Upcoming Show | Tour schedule and concert tickets. Rockapella. Retrieved on May 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ FAN PREVIEW: EXCLUSIVE SAMPLER of the new album.... Facebook. (March 11, 2013). Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Here's the iTunes.... Facebook. (March 15, 2013). Retrieved on March 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ [1] Amazon.com Retrieved on April 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ [2] CDBaby.com Rockapella page. Retrieved on April 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Good Evening FB, I wanted to let you all know... Facebook. (October 14, 2013). Retrieved January 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ A Farewell...and A New Addition Rockapella.com. Retrieved on January 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ See page's reply to Stefan
Jump up ^ XRP – Sean Altman, Steve Keyes, Elliott Kerman & And Barry Carl Tickets. Smarttix.com (July 26, 2008). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ A Cappellastock Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.. A-cappella.com. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ XRP – Original Members of Rockapella | TCAN – The Center for Arts in Natick | The Center for Arts in Natick | MUSIC. ArtsBoston.org (April 17, 2009). Retrieved on October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ XRP rides again!!.... Facebook. (October 1, 2012). Retrieved on October 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Harlem Public School Benefit!. (January 23, 2014). Retrieved on January 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/user/seanaltman/videos - Sean Altman & Jewmongous YouTube channel. Retrieved Feb 29, 2016
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/user/seanaltman/videos Sean Altman & Jewmongous YouTube channel - See video credits Feb 2012 to present
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rockapella.
Official website
Official Facebook account
Official Twitter account
Scott Leonard's official website
Sean Altman's official website
Elliott Kerman's official website
Barry Carl's official website
John K. Brown's official website
The Groovebarbers' official website
JEWMONGOUS' official website
PAID Inc.'s website
Fairwood Studios' website
[show]
v
t
e
Rockapella
Scott Leonard
Jeff Thacher
Steven Dorian
Calvin Jones
Ryan Chappelle
Sean Altman
Elliott Kerman
Steve Keyes
David Stix
Charlie Evett
Barry Carl
Kevin Wright
John K. Brown
George Baldi III
Studio albums
To N.Y. (1992)
From N.Y. (1992)
Vocobeat (1994)
Primer (1995)
Lucky Seven (1996)
Rockapella (1997)
Don't Tell Me You Do (1999)
2 (2000)
Smilin' (2002)
Bang (2010)
Motown & More (2013)
Live albums
In Concert (2001)
Live in Japan (2004)
Holiday albums
Bash! (1992)
Out Cold (1994)
Christmas (2000)
Comfort & Joy (2002)
A Rockapella Holiday (2011)
Compilation albums
Best Fest (1995)
More Than Ever (2002)
Best A Cappella (2002)
Solo albums
Dance Classics Altered House Vol. 1 Male Vocal Compilation (1991 The OGs featuring Scott Leonard)
My Favorites: The Bee Gees (1996 Leonard)
SeanDEMOnium (1997 Altman)
Bluespeel (1999 Leonard - Flying Faders)
Alt.mania (2002 Altman)
Nice Kitty (2002 Leonard - fi-Ling Fader)
The SoLow Project (2004 Carl)
Losing Streak (2005 Altman)
Glory (2005 GrooveBarbers)
Unorthodox (2006 What I Like About Jew)
1man1mike (2007 Leonard)
Taller Than Jesus (2008 JEWMONGOUS)
Tokyo Robots (2010 Leonard)
Guts (2010 GrooveBarbers)
bOOmbOOm (2010 Brown)
Unplugged (2011 Brown)
A "Just Play It" Christmas (2013 Brown)
Warning: Barbershop! (2014 GrooveBarbers)
Follow Me to Heaven (2015 Single Album Altman)
Tough Motherf****r with an Eyepatch (2016 JEWMONGOUS)
Zombie Jamboree (2016 GrooveBarbers)
Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (soundtrack)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
LCCN: no2001078555
MusicBrainz: 6a9b6b8e-7084-45a7-b175-3bcc0143966b
VIAF: 138705089
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rockapella&oldid=837690378"
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Great Fire of Rome
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Torches of Nero, by Henryk Siemiradzki. According to Tacitus, Nero targeted Christians as those responsible for the fire.
The Great Fire of Rome was an urban fire in the year AD 64. It caused widespread devastation, before being brought under control after six days. Differing accounts either blame Emperor Nero for initiating the fire or credit him with organizing measures to contain it and provide relief for refugees. According to Tacitus and later Christians, Nero blamed the devastation on the Christian community in the city, initiating the empire's first persecution against the Christians.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Varying historical accounts
2 Outbreak and progress of fire
3 Later stages
4 Modern scholarship
5 See also
6 Notes and references
7 Bibliography
8 External links
Varying historical accounts[edit]
The varying historical accounts of the event come from three secondary sources—Cassius Dio, Suetonius and Tacitus. The primary accounts, which possibly included histories written by Fabius Rusticus, Marcus Cluvius Rufus and Pliny the Elder, did not survive. At least five separate stories circulated regarding Nero and the fire:
Motivated by a desire to destroy the city, Nero secretly sent out men pretending to be drunk to set fire to the city. Nero watched from his palace on the Palatine Hill singing and playing the lyre.[2]
Nero quite openly sent out men to set fire to the city. Nero watched from the Tower of Maecenas on the Esquiline Hill singing and playing the lyre.[3]
Nero sent out men to set fire to the city. Nero sang and played his lyre from a private stage.[4]
The fire was an accident. Nero was in Antium.[5]
The fire was said to have been caused by the already unpopular Christians. This story was spread in order to blame someone else, because rumor had it that Nero started it.[6]
Outbreak and progress of fire[edit]
Tacitus describes the fire as beginning in shops where flammable goods were stored, in the region of the Circus neighboring the Caelian and Palatine Hills of Rome. The night was a windy one and the flames rapidly spread along the full length of the Circus. The fire expanded through an area of narrow, twisting streets and closely located apartment blocks. In this lower area of ancient Rome there were no large buildings such as temples, or open areas of ground, to impede the conflagration. It then spread along the Palatine and Caelian slopes.
The population fled first to areas unaffected by the fire and then to the open fields and rural roads outside the city. Looters and arsonists were reported to have spread the flames by throwing torches or, acting in groups, to have hindered measures being made to halt or slow the progress of the flames. Tacitus surmises that some may have acted under orders or that they may simply have wanted to plunder unhindered.
Later stages[edit]
According to Tacitus, Nero was away from Rome, in Antium, when the fire broke out.[5] He returned to the city and took measures to bring in food supplies and open gardens and public buildings to accommodate refugees. After six days the organized clearing of built-up areas brought the conflagration to a halt before it reached the Esquiline Hill. There was a further outbreak in the Aemilian district, involving the destruction of temples and arcades but less loss of life. However the fire was now under control. According to Tacitus, of Rome's 14 districts, 3 were completely devastated, 7 more were reduced to a few scorched and mangled ruins and only 4 completely escaped damage.
Modern scholarship[edit]
It is postulated that the fire had been intentionally started to create room for Nero's Domus Aurea, but the fire started 1 km (0.6 miles) away from the site where this palace would later be built, on the other side of the Palatine Hill. Moreover, the fire destroyed parts of Nero's own palace, the Domus Transitoria. It seems unlikely that Nero wanted to destroy this palace since he actually salvaged some of the marble decoration and integrated it into the new Domus Aurea. Even the paintings and wall decorations of the new palace were similar to the ones that had been burned. Last, the fire started just two days after a full moon, a time that, it is presumed, would not have been chosen by arsonists who prefer the cover of darkness.[7]
See also[edit]
List of fires
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Dando-Collins, Stephen (September 2010). The Great Fire of Rome. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81890-5.
Jump up ^ Cassius Dio,
Jump up ^ Suetonius. "Life of Nero". Lives of Twelve Caesars.
Jump up ^ Tacitus, Anal XV.38–44
^ Jump up to: a b Tacitus, Annals XV.38–9
Jump up ^ Tacitus, Annals XV.44
Jump up ^ Griffin, Miriam T. (2000). Nero: The End of a Dynasty. Routledge. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-415-21464-3.
Bibliography[edit]
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Books 62 (c. 229)
Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, the Life of Nero, 38 (c. 121)
Tacitus, Annals, XV (c. 117)
External links[edit]
"Secrets of the dead": PBS series investigates clues that Nero circumvented the Senate by burning Rome
Tacitus describes the great Fire (in English)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Fire_of_Rome&oldid=826422473"
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64
60s in the Roman Empire
Ancient city of Rome
Julio-Claudian dynasty
Fires in Italy
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1st-century Christianity
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Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 February 2018, at 00:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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