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Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm
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This article is about the Crash Test Dummies song. For articles with similar titles, see Mmmh.
"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm"
Single by Crash Test Dummies
from the album God Shuffled His Feet
Released
October 1, 1993
Format
CD single
Recorded
1993 (Music Head Recording in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin)
Genre
Alternative rock,[1] folk rock
Length
3:55
Label
BMG/Arista
Songwriter(s)
Brad Roberts
Producer(s)
Jerry Harrison, Crash Test Dummies
Crash Test Dummies singles chronology
"The First Noel"
(1992) "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm"
(1993) "Swimming in Your Ocean"
(1994)
Audio sample
Crash Test Dummies – "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm"
file
help
“Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm” is a song by the Canadian folk rock group Crash Test Dummies, It was released on October 1, 1993 as the lead single from their second album, God Shuffled His Feet. It was very successful all around the world, peaking at number one in Australia, Germany, Iceland and on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart. It also became a top five hit in both the UK Singles Chart and the all-genre U.S. Billboard Hot 100.[2][3]
Contents
1 Content
2 Music video
3 Reception
4 Track listings
4.1 CD maxi
4.2 7" single
4.3 U.S. single
4.4 Cassette single
5 Charts and sales
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
5.3 Certifications
6 References
7 External links
Content[edit]
Each verse describes the isolation and suffering of a child, two of whom have a physical abnormality. In the first verse, a boy is injured in a car accident and misses school for an extended period; when he returns to class, his hair has changed color from black to white. In the second verse, a girl refuses to change clothes in the presence of other girls due to the birthmarks that cover her body. The third child is a boy whose parents make him come directly home after school; during services at their church, they "shake and lurch" across the floor. During a 2010 live performance for the Dutch radio station Kink FM, Brad Roberts whispered "Pentecostal" during the third verse, suggesting this is the denomination of the church.[4]
An alternative version sometimes performed at live concerts replaced the third verse with one concerning a boy whose mother disposed of his tonsils after a tonsillectomy, thus depriving him of the possibility of bringing them to show and tell.[5]
Music video[edit]
The music video was directed by Dale Heslip and premiered in October 1993.[6] It sets the song's lyrics as the script for a series of one-act plays performed by school children. Throughout, the scenes of the performance are intercut with scenes of the Crash Test Dummies performing the song at stage side.
All three one-act plays included nicknames for their lead characters, to provide Heslip with easy references.
The first featured a kid nicknamed "Whitey."
The second pitted "Blotchy" against "Bratty Kids", whom Heslip thought lived up to their nickname. Blotchy's marks are covered with a long cape she wears throughout, whereas the "Bratty Kids" wear deerstalker hats and carry magnifying glasses.
The third had, as its focus, a "Reluctant Boy".
These nicknames were all revealed in an installment of Pop-Up Video.[episode needed] The same installment also revealed that Brad Roberts had decided to hum, rather than actually sing, the refrain of "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" because humming the refrain sounded more resigned to him, and that he never wrote lyrics for it.
Reception[edit]
Although highly successful when it was released, "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" has since been frequently included on lists of bad songs. The song was number 15 on VH1's 50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs Ever, named by Rolling Stone as the "15th Most Annoying Song",[7] and ranked at number 31 both on Blender's list of the "50 Worst Songs Ever."[8] Contrasting, VH1 named "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" as the 31st greatest one-hit wonder of the 1990s in 2011.[9]
In a 1994 essay in which he makes the case that modern life is better than life in the past, humorist P.J. O'Rourke writes, "Even the bad things are better than they used to be. Bad music, for instance, has gotten much briefer. Wagner's Ring Cycle takes four days to perform while 'Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm' by the Crash Test Dummies lasts little more than three minutes."[10]
The track received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, which it lost to "I Swear" by All-4-One.[11]
Track listings[edit]
CD maxi[edit]
"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" – 3:53
"Here I Stand Before Me" – 3:07
"Superman's Song" (live from the U.S. public radio program Mountain Stage)
7" single[edit]
"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" – 3:53
"Here I Stand Before Me" – 3:07
U.S. single[edit]
"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" – 3:53
"Superman's Song" (album version) – 4:31
"How Does a Duck Know?" – 3:42
Cassette single[edit]
Features cardboard picture liner
"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm"
"Here I Stand Before Me"
Charts and sales[edit]
Outside their home country of Canada, the single became the band's most successful song, reaching number 4 in the U.S. and number 2 in the UK – the group's biggest hit in both countries. It also reached number 1 on the Modern Rock Chart in the U.S. and in Australia.
In Canada, the song was a comparative flop. While the Crash Test Dummies had 6 singles reach the Canadian top ten, "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" was not one of them. In Canada, the single stalled at number 14.
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1993–1994)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[12] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[13] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[14] 1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[15] 14
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[16] 10
Denmark (IFPI)[17] 1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[18] 20
France (SNEP)[19] 5
Germany (Official German Charts)[20] 1
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[21] 1
Ireland (IRMA)[22] 3
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[23] 4
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[24] 4
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[25] 4
Norway (VG-lista)[26] 1
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[27] 3
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[28] 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[29] 7
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[30] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[31] 4
US Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks[31] 25
US Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks[31] 1
US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[31] 6
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1993)
Position
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[32] 90
Chart (1994)
Position
Australian Singles Chart[33] 14
Austrian Singles Chart[34] 11
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[35] 85
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[36] 76
Dutch Top 40[37] 29
French Singles Chart[38] 32
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[39] 12
Swiss Singles Chart[40] 19
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[41] 35
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Germany (BVMI)[42]
Gold 250,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[43]
Platinum 10,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[44]
Silver 200,000^
United States (RIAA)[45]
Gold 700,000[46]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-05-23. "The band did not receive much international recognition until the 1993 release of their second album, God Shuffled His Feet. Particularly instrumental in increasing the band's exposure in the American market was the appearance of a new type of radio format, adult album-oriented alternative rock (AAA). These stations put the first single "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" in high rotation and the song peaked at No. 4 in the US Hot 100."
Jump up ^ "Crash Test Dummies - Discography (Awards)". Allmusic.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-25. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
Jump up ^ "Crash Test Dummies Singles". officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
Jump up ^ KINK Radio (4 June 2010). "Crash Test Dummies - "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm"". Archived from the original on 29 May 2016 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Does Brad Roberts sometimes change the words to Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm? at the Crash Test Dummies FAQ Archived 2010-08-08 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Crash Test Dummies Mmm mmm mmm mmm Archived 2010-02-10 at the Wayback Machine. mvdbase.com
Jump up ^ "The 20 Most Annoying Songs : Rolling Stone". Archived from the original on 2014-03-31.
Jump up ^ The 50 Worst Songs Ever! Watch, Listen and Cringe! from Blender.com (Retrieved May 3, 2008) Archived December 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "VH1's 40 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the '90s -". toponehitwonders.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-15.
Jump up ^ O'Rourke, P.J. (1994), All the trouble in the world. The lighter side of famine, pestilence, destruction and death. Sydney (Picador), 3–4
Jump up ^ 37th Grammy Awards – 1995 from RockOnTheNet.com (Retrieved February 18, 2010) Archived December 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2326." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2335." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World: Denmark (IFPI/Nielsen Marketing Research) 07/09/94". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. 106 (28): 43. 9 July 1994. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Nyman, Jake (2005). Suomi soi 4: Suuri suomalainen listakirja (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Tammi. ISBN 951-31-2503-3.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Crash Test Dummies Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (28.04.1994-04.05.1994)" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir - Tónlist. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
Jump up ^ Irish Single Chart Irishcharts.ie Archived 2009-06-03 at WebCite (Retrieved April 26, 2008)
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 22, 1994" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.nz – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ UK Singles Chart Chartstats.com Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved April 26, 2008)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Billboard Allmusic.com (Retrieved August 28, 2008)
Jump up ^ "The RPM Top 100 A/C Tracks of 1993". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ 1994 Australian Singles Chart aria.com Archived 2013-03-22 at WebCite (Retrieved April 20, 2008)
Jump up ^ 1994 Austrian Singles Chart Austriancharts.at Archived 2010-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved August 28, 2008)
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1994". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 AC Tracks of 1994". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Single top 100 over 1994" (pdf) (in Dutch). Top40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
Jump up ^ 1994 French Singles Chart Disqueenfrance.com Archived 2011-08-20 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved January 30, 2009)
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1994". Recorded Music NZ. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ 1994 Swiss Singles Chart Hitparade.ch Archived 2013-11-05 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved April 26, 2008)
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 – 1994". Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Crash Test Dummies; 'Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
Jump up ^ "Norwegian single certifications – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm Mmm Mmm". British Phonographic Industry. Select singles in the Format field. Select Silver in the Certification field. Enter Mmm Mmm Mmm in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Crash Test Dummies – Mmm, Mmm, Mmm, Mmm". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Best-Selling Records of 1994". Billboard. BPI Communications. 107 (3): 57. January 21, 1995. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
External links[edit]
Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm at MusicBrainz
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
show
v
t
e
Crash Test Dummies
Brad Roberts
Ellen Reid
Dan Roberts
Benjamin Darvill
Mitch Dorge
Demo Tapes
Original Recipe
Demo Tape 2
Studio albums
The Ghosts That Haunt Me
God Shuffled His Feet
A Worm's Life
Give Yourself a Hand
I Don't Care That You Don't Mind
Jingle All the Way
Puss 'n' Boots
Songs of the Unforgiven
Oooh La La!
EPs
The Cape Breton Lobster Bash Series
Compilations
The Best of Crash Test Dummies
Demo-litions
Live Albums
Crash Test Dude (Brad Roberts solo)
Singles
"Superman's Song"
"The Ghosts That Haunt Me"
"Androgynous"
"The First Noel"
"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm"
"Swimming in Your Ocean"
"Afternoons & Coffeespoons"
"God Shuffled His Feet"
"The Ballad of Peter Pumpkinhead"
"He Liked to Feel It"
"My Own Sunrise"
"My Enemies"
"Keep a Lid on Things"
"Get You in the Morning"
"Give Yourself a Hand"
"Every Morning"
"On and On"
"The Day We Never Met"
"White Christmas"
"I'm the Man"
"Flying Feeling"
"The Unforgiven Ones"
"And So Will Always Be"
"And It's Beautiful"
"Now You See Her"
"Promised Land"
"I'll Be Peaceful Then"
Videos
Symptomology of a Rock Band: The Case of Crash Test Dummies
Crash Test Dude
Discography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mmm_Mmm_Mmm_Mmm&oldid=853149342"
Categories:
1993 singles
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Songs written by Brad Roberts
1990s ballads
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1993 songs
Hidden categories:
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This article is about Body of water. For the U.S. Naval base, see Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. For the U.S.-operated military prison, see Guantanamo Bay detention camp. For other titular locales and uses, see Guantánamo (disambiguation).
Guantanamo Bay from satellite
Guantánamo Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Guantánamo) is a bay located in Guantánamo Province at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is the largest harbor on the south side of the island and it is surrounded by steep hills which create an enclave that is cut off from its immediate hinterland.
The United States assumed territorial control over the southern portion of Guantánamo Bay under the 1903 Lease agreement.[1] The United States exercises complete jurisdiction and control over this territory, while recognizing that Cuba retains ultimate sovereignty. The current government of Cuba regards the U.S. presence in Guantánamo Bay as illegal and insists the Cuban–American Treaty was obtained by threat of force and is in violation of international law. Some legal scholars judge that the lease may be voidable.[2] It is the home of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base and the Guantanamo Bay detention camp located within the base, which are both governed by the United States. Due to legal circumstances, Cuba has only once, in 1959 due to confusion, cashed a lease payment from the United States government.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Climate
2 U.S. control of Guantánamo Bay
3 History
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Climate[edit]
[hide]Climate data for Guantánamo Bay
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
35
(95) 35
(95) 33
(91) 35
(95) 37
(99) 37
(99) 39
(102) 37
(99) 37
(99) 38
(100) 39
(102) 35
(95) 39
(102)
Average high °C (°F)
29
(85) 29
(85) 30
(86) 31
(87) 31
(88) 32
(90) 33
(91) 33
(92) 33
(91) 32
(89) 31
(88) 30
(86) 31
(88)
Average low °C (°F)
20
(68) 20
(68) 21
(70) 22
(72) 23
(74) 24
(76) 24
(76) 24
(76) 24
(76) 24
(75) 23
(73) 21
(70) 22.5
(72.8)
Record low °C (°F)
13
(55) 13
(55) 16
(61) 17
(63) 18
(64) 20
(68) 21
(70) 20
(68) 19
(66) 18
(64) 16
(61) 13
(55) 13
(55)
Average precipitation cm (inches)
3
(1) 2.3
(0.9) 3
(1.2) 3.3
(1.3) 9.1
(3.6) 5.3
(2.1) 2.8
(1.1) 4.8
(1.9) 8
(3) 13
(5.1) 4.6
(1.8) 2.8
(1.1) 61.5
(24.2)
Source: Weatherbase[4]
U.S. control of Guantánamo Bay[edit]
Aerial view of Guantánamo Bay
The United States first seized Guantánamo Bay and established a naval base there in 1898 during the Spanish–American War in the Battle of Guantánamo Bay[5]:160–163 In 1903, the United States and Cuba signed a lease granting the United States permission to use the land as a coaling and naval station. The lease satisfied the Platt Amendment; this amendment stated a naval base at "certain specific points agreed upon by the President of the United States" was needed to "enable the United States to maintain independence of Cuba."
History[edit]
Map of Cuba with location of Guantánamo Bay indicated.
See also: Timeline of Guantánamo Bay
The bay was called Guantánamo by its original inhabitants, the Taínos. Christopher Columbus landed in 1494, naming it Puerto Grande.[6] On landing, Columbus' crew found Taíno fishermen preparing a feast for the local chieftain. When Spanish settlers took control of Cuba, the bay became a vital harbor on the south side of the island.
The bay was briefly known as Cumberland Bay when the British seized it in 1741, during the War of Jenkins' Ear. British Adm. Edward Vernon arrived with a force of eight warships and 4,000 soldiers with plans to march on Santiago de Cuba. However, he was defeated by local guerrilla forces of creole and Spaniards and forced to withdraw or face becoming a prisoner.[6] In late 1760, boats from HMS Trent and HMS Boreas cut out the French privateers Vainquer and Mackau, which were hiding in the bay. The French were also forced to burn the Guespe, another privateer, to prevent her capture.
During the Spanish–American War, the U.S. Navy fleet attacking Santiago needed shelter from the summer hurricane season. They chose Guantánamo because of its excellent harbor. U.S. Marines landed with naval support in the 1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay. As they moved inland, however, Spanish resistance increased and the marines required support from Cuban scouts.
Guantanamo Bay was used as a processing center for asylum seekers and a camp for HIV positive refugees in the 1990s.[7] Within six months the USA had interned over 30,000 Haitian refugees in Guantanamo, while another 30,000 fled to the Dominican Republic. Eventually the USA would admit 10,747 of the Haitians to refugee status in the United States. Most of the refugees were housed in a tent city on the re-purposed airstrip that would later be used to house the complex used for the Guantanamo military commissions. The refugees who represented discipline or security problems were held on the site that would later become Camp XRay, the initial site of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In August 1994 rioting broke out in the detention camps in which 20 U.S. military police and 45 Haitians were injured.[8]
The Guantanamo Bay Naval Base surrounds the southern portion of the bay. Since 2002, the base has included the detainment camp for individuals deemed of risk to United States national security. In 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama gave orders for the detention camp to be closed by January 22, 2010. As of 2015[update], the detention camp remains open due to a congressional refusal of funds for its closure.[9]
The U.S. Marines 1st, 2nd & 3rd Regiments at Deer Point Camp, Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, April 26, 1911
The naval base, nicknamed "GTMO" or "Gitmo," covers 116 square kilometres (45 sq mi) on the western and eastern banks of the bay. It was established in 1898, when the United States took control of Cuba from Spain following the Spanish–American War. The newly formed American protectorate incorporated the Platt Amendment in the 1901 Cuban Constitution. A perpetual lease for the area around Guantánamo Bay was offered February 23, 1903, from Tomás Estrada Palma, the first President of Cuba. The 1903 Cuban–American Treaty of Relations held, among other things, that the United States, for the purposes of operating coaling and naval stations, has "complete jurisdiction and control" of the Guantánamo Bay, while the Republic of Cuba is recognized to retain ultimate sovereignty.[10]
In 1934 a new Cuban-American Treaty of Relations reaffirming the lease granted Cuba and its trading partners free access through the bay, modified the lease payment from $2,000 in U.S. gold coins per year to the 1934 equivalent value of $4,085 in U.S. dollars, and made the lease permanent unless both governments agreed to break it or until the U.S. abandoned the base property.[11]
After the Cuban Revolution, Dwight D. Eisenhower insisted the status of the base remain unchanged, despite Fidel Castro's objections. Since then, the Cuban government has cashed only one of the rent checks from the U.S. government, and even then only because of "confusion" in the early days of the leftist revolution, according to Castro. The remaining un-cashed checks made out to "Treasurer General of the Republic" (a title that ceased to exist after the revolution) are kept in Castro's office stuffed into a desk drawer.[12]
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas has argued that the 1903 lease agreement was imposed on Cuba under duress and was a treaty between unequals, no longer compatible with modern international law, and voidable ex nunc. He makes six suggestions for a peaceful settlement, including following the procedure outlined in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.[13]
See also[edit]
Cuba–United States relations
Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Platt Amendment: Document to guarantee U.S. Navy lease in Cuba
Territories of the United States
Unincorporated territories of the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Avalon Project - Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations; February 23, 1903". Avalon.law.yale.edu. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Jump up ^ De Zayas, Alfred. (2003.) The Status of Guantánamo Bay and the Status of the Detainees. Archived 2009-03-24 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Boadle, Anthony (August 17, 2007). "Castro: Cuba not cashing US Guantanamo rent checks". Reuters.com. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba". Weatherbase.
Jump up ^ Nofi, A.A., 1996, The Spanish-American War, 1898, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, ISBN 0938289578
^ Jump up to: a b Gott, Richard Cuba: A new history, Yale University Press: 2004
Jump up ^ "Guantanamo Bay [GTMO] "GITMO"". Global Security. 2011-05-07. Archived from the original on 2001-11-13.
Jump up ^ "Gis, Haitians Hurt In Guantanamo Riot". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Guantanamo Docket". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
Jump up ^ Olga Miranda Bravo, Vecinos Indeseables: La Base Yanqui en Guantánamo (La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Sociales, 1998)
Jump up ^ Destination Guantanamo Bay Avalon Law Yale, Retrieved on July 16, 2015
Jump up ^ Boadle, Anthony (August 17, 2007). "Castro: Cuba not cashing U.S. Guantanamo rent cheques". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
Jump up ^ Cf: a Word document titled The Status of Guantánamo Bay and the Status of the Detainees A presentation to the University of British Columbia - Law. Retrieved July 2014
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guantanamo Bay.
Wikinews has news related to:
Guantanamo Bay
Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Guantánamo Detainees
U.S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay — The United States' oldest overseas Naval Base
Guantánamo: U.S. Black Hole
All-Party Parliamentary Group on Guantanamo Bay (APPG-GB)
Camp Delta (detainee) Map
U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay Map
Guantanamo Docket
Human Rights First; In Pursuit of Justice: Prosecuting Terrorism Cases in the Federal Courts (2009)
Coordinates: 19°59′51″N 75°08′31″W / 19.997520°N 75.142021°W / 19.997520; -75.142021
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 246956580
GND: 4545747-5
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guantánamo_Bay&oldid=809534670"
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Gadsden flag
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Gadsden flag
The Gadsden flag is a historical American flag with a yellow field depicting a rattlesnake coiled and ready to strike. Positioned below the rattlesnake are the words "DONT TREAD ON ME."[note 1] The flag is named after American general and politician Christopher Gadsden (1724–1805), who designed it in 1775 during the American Revolution. It was used by the Continental Marines as an early motto flag, along with the Moultrie flag.
Modern uses of the Gadsden flag include political ideologies and movements such as libertarianism and the Tea Party movement as well as American soccer supporter groups, including Sam's Army and the American Outlaws since the late 1980s.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Snake symbolism
1.2 Gadsden's flag
1.3 Variations in appearance
2 Other rattlesnake flags
3 Modern use
3.1 License plates
3.2 Tea Party movement symbol
4 In popular culture
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Snake symbolism[edit]
Benjamin Franklin's "Join, or Die" cartoon
The timber rattlesnake can be found in the area of the original Thirteen Colonies. Its use as a symbol of the American colonies can be traced back to the publications of Benjamin Franklin. In 1751, he made the first reference to the rattlesnake in a satirical commentary published in his Pennsylvania Gazette. It had been the policy of Great Britain to send convicted criminals to the Americas, so Franklin suggested that they thank the British by sending rattlesnakes to England.[2]
In 1754, during the French and Indian War, Franklin published his famous woodcut of a snake cut into eight sections. It represented the colonies, with New England joined together as the head and South Carolina as the tail, following their order along the coast. Under the snake was the message "Join, or Die". This was the first political cartoon published in an American newspaper.
As the American colonies came to identify more with their own communities and the concept of liberty, rather than as vassals of the British empire, icons that were unique to the Americas became increasingly popular. The rattlesnake, like the bald eagle and American Indian, came to symbolize American ideals and society.[3][4]
As the American Revolution grew, the snake began to see more use as a symbol of the colonies. In 1774, Paul Revere added Franklin's iconic cartoon to the nameplate of his paper, the Massachusetts Spy, depicted there as fighting a British dragon.[5] In December 1775, Benjamin Franklin published an essay in the Pennsylvania Journal under the pseudonym American Guesser in which he suggested that the rattlesnake was a good symbol for the American spirit:
I recollected that her eye excelled in brightness, that of any other animal, and that she has no eye-lids—She may therefore be esteemed an emblem of vigilance.—She never begins an attack, nor, when once engaged, ever surrenders: She is therefore an emblem of magnanimity and true courage.—As if anxious to prevent all pretensions of quarreling with her, the weapons with which nature has furnished her, she conceals in the roof of her mouth, so that, to those who are unacquainted with her, she appears to be a most defenseless animal; and even when those weapons are shown and extended for her defense, they appear weak and contemptible; but their wounds however small, are decisive and fatal:—Conscious of this, she never wounds till she has generously given notice, even to her enemy, and cautioned him against the danger of stepping on her.—Was I wrong, Sir, in thinking this a strong picture of the temper and conduct of America?[6]
The rattlesnake symbol was first officially adopted by the Continental Congress in 1778 when it approved the design for the official Seal of the War Office (at that time and for many years thereafter, the War Office was a term associated with the Headquarters of the Army). At the top center of the Seal is a rattlesnake holding a banner which says: "This We'll Defend". According to the US Army's Institute of Heraldry, "'This We'll Defend,' on a scroll held by the rattlesnake is a symbol depicted on some American colonial flags and signifies the Army's constant readiness to defend and preserve the United States.' This design of the War Office Seal was carried forward—with some minor modifications—into the subsequent designs for the War Department's Seal, and the Department of the Army's Seal, Emblem and Flag. As such, the rattlesnake symbol has been in continuous official use by the US Army for over 236 years.
Gadsden's flag[edit]
Gadsden's flag in an 1885 schoolbook
In fall 1775, the Continental Navy was established by General George Washington in his role as Commander in Chief of all Continental Forces, before Esek Hopkins was named Commodore of the Navy. The Navy began with seven ships, often called "Washington Cruisers", that flew the "Liberty Tree Flag", depicting a green pine tree with the motto "Appeal to Heaven". This is according to the October 20, 1775 letter of Washington's aide Colonel Joseph Reed, which is stored in the Library of Congress.
Those first ships were used to intercept incoming British ships carrying war supplies to the British troops in the colonies to both deprive the supplies to the British and to supply to the Continental Army. One ship captured by Captain John Manley had 30,000 pairs of shoes on it. However, the admiralty agent demanded his 2 1/2 per cent commission before he would release the cargo for Washington's army, so many soldiers marched barefoot in the snow. To aid in this, the Second Continental Congress authorized the mustering of five companies of Marines to accompany the Navy on their first mission. The first Marines enlisted in the city of Philadelphia, and they carried drums painted yellow, depicting a coiled rattlesnake with thirteen rattles, and the motto "Don't Tread on Me." This is the first recorded mention of the future Gadsden flag's symbolism.[citation needed]
At the Congress, Continental Colonel Christopher Gadsden represented his home state of South Carolina. He was one of seven members of the Marine Committee who were outfitting the first naval mission.[7]:289
Before the departure of that first mission in December 1775, the newly appointed commander-in-chief of the Navy, Commodore Esek Hopkins, received the yellow rattlesnake flag from Gadsden to serve as the distinctive personal standard of his flagship. It was displayed at the mainmast.[7]:289 Hopkins had previously led The United Companies of the Train of Artillery of the Town of Providence, before being appointed to lead the Navy. The 1775 flag of the Providence Train of Artillery's featured a coiled timber rattlesnake and the motto "Do Not Tread on Me" along with an anchor, cannons and the motto "In God We Hope" on a gold background.[8] The flag presented to Hopkins as Commander of the Continental Navy is a simplified version of that design.
Gadsden also presented a copy of this flag to the Congress of South Carolina in Charleston, South Carolina. This was recorded in the South Carolina congressional journals on February 9, 1776:

Col. Gadsden presented to the Congress an elegant standard, such as is to be used by the commander in chief of the American Navy; being a yellow field, with a lively representation of a rattlesnake in the middle in the attitude of going to strike and these words underneath, "Don't tread on me."[9]
Variations in appearance[edit]
Many variations of the Gadsden flag exist:
The motto sometimes includes an apostrophe in the word "Don't" and sometimes does not. Early written discussions uniformly include an apostrophe; however, as early as 1917, a flag reference book includes a picture of a version without the apostrophe.[7]:339
The typeface used for the motto is sometimes a serif typeface and other times sans-serif.
The rattlesnake sometimes is shown as resting on a green ground, presumably grassy, and sometimes not. The green grass seems to be a recent addition; representations dating from 1885 and 1917 do not display anything below the rattlesnake.
The rattlesnake usually faces to the left, and the early representations mentioned above face left. However, some versions of the flag show the snake facing to the right.
Other rattlesnake flags[edit]
Culpeper Minutemen flag
Reverse of the 1861 flag of Alabama
The Culpeper Minutemen flag has a coiled rattlesnake and the same motto as the Gadsden flag. It has a white field, rather than yellow, and the additional motto "Liberty or Death" and the name "The Culpeper Minute Men". It is the flag of Virginia volunteers from the Culpeper area.
The John Proctor's Regiment flag of 1st Battalion Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, had a coiled rattlesnake shown on its flag.[10]
The United Companies of the Train of Artillery of the Town of Providence already used a coiled rattlesnake on a field of gold with the motto "Do Not Tread On Me" on its flag. Before Esek Hopkins was named the first Commodore of the American Navy by the Continental Congress he served as a Brigadier General of the Rhode Island Militia Artillery[11], and would have been familiar with the design of the flag.
All four of the American-designed "Rattlesnake Flags" show a coiled rattlesnake. The only other rattlesnake flag, the First Navy Jack, was "designed by" the English artist Thomas Hart as background art.[citation needed]
The traditional version of the First Navy Jack has an uncoiled rattlesnake and the same motto as the Gadsden flag, on a field of 13 horizontal red and white stripes. Flag experts (vexillologists) speculate that the English artist Thomas Hart either did not know about the practice of rattlesnakes to coil in defense, or did, and intended to insult the fledgling American Navy as a weak and vulnerable creature as a rattlesnake is when not coiled and ready to strike, slithering on the ground, trying to escape, with its motto "[Please] Don't Tread on Me!" However, others[who?] suggest the snake pictured on the flag was being provoked, and is striking. Hence the warning, "Don't tread on me [or I will strike]".[citation needed]
Modern use[edit]
First Navy Jack
Celebrating with the Gadsden flag, early morning, May 2, 2011, hours after the announcement of Osama bin Laden's death
Considered one of the first flags of the United States, the flag was later replaced by the current Stars and Stripes (or Old Glory) flag. Since the Revolution, the flag has seen resurgences as a symbol of American patriotism, disagreement with government, or support for civil liberties.
The First Navy Jack, which was not directly related to the Gadsden flag, has been in use by the United States Navy since its beginnings. Unlike the Liberty Tree Flag with the letter by Colonel Joseph Reed that describes it, there is no document that describes the Snake on Stripes flag, only an image by English artist Thomas Hart in the background of a portrait of Commodore Esek Hopkins. In that same painting is a round "tree flag". The triangular Liberty Tree flag is derived from the only surviving tree flag from the Revolution, found in an old trunk in 1993 on Long Island, the 5th Regt. Connecticut Militia. The Snake on Stripes flag was included in a book of flags by Admiral Preble, but later Preble determined the flag not valid, so he removed it from his text. However, the book publisher used the old color plates, so the image was continued in the new edition and subsequently picked up by other publications and Webster's Dictionary.[citation needed]
In preparation for the 1976 bicentennial year, staff officers in the Secretary of the Navy's office sought a powerful image for the Navy's Bicentennial. One Navy officer saw the Snake on Stripes Flag in Webster's Dictionary, so the staff officers ordered a large number to give away as Navy promotional items and then turned to the Naval Historical Center to "get the history". They were told that the flag had probably never flown during the Revolution, based on Admiral Preble's later discoveries, but a decision was made to use the Snake on Stripes Flag, or the "Fake Snake Flag", anyway. Beginning in 1975, commissioned Navy ships flew this Jack in place of the Naval Jack (officially known as the Union Jack, not to be confused with the United Kingdom's flag) at the bow. In 1977, the Secretary of the Navy directed that the ship in active status with the longest total period of active service shall display the First Navy Jack until decommissioned or transferred to inactive service, at which time the flag shall be passed to the next ship in line with appropriate honors. The display of this jack by the oldest ship in the fleet is intended as a form of recognition to promote pride of service, enhance morale, and contribute to the tradition of naval service. USS Enterprise (CVN 65) became the oldest active ship in the United States Navy upon the decommissioning of USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) on May 12, 2009. Enterprise is only the third aircraft carrier ever to hold the honor of flying the First Navy Jack.[12]
Since the first Patriot Day on September 11, 2002, which commemorates the lives lost in the September 11 attacks, the rattlesnake from the flag is also shown on the US Army's Drill Sergeant Identification Badge. After the Snake on Stripes Flag became the Navy's symbol for the Global War on Terrorism, flag history professionals[vague] (vexillologists) have done extensive research papers that further question the claim that the flag ever flew during the American Revolution, yet it continues to fly at the bow of American warships today.[citation needed]
For historical reasons, the Gadsden flag is still popularly flown in Charleston, South Carolina, the city where Christopher Gadsden first presented the flag and where it was commonly used during the revolution, along with the blue and white crescent flag of pre-Civil War South Carolina.
License plates[edit]
Map of states (colored yellow) that offer Gadsden flag specialty license plates
The Gadsden flag has become a popular specialty license plate in several states.
As of 2017[update], the following states offer the option of obtaining a Gadsden flag specialty license plate: Alabama, Arizona, Missouri, Montana,[13] Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee,[14] Texas, and Virginia.[15][16]
Tea Party movement symbol[edit]
The flag at a Tea Party rally in September 2009
Beginning in 2009 at Tea Party rallies, the Gadsden Flag has been adopted as a symbol of the American Tea Party movement.[17][18][19][20] It was also displayed by members of Congress at Tea Party movement rallies.[21] Some lawmakers have called it a "political symbol" because of this association.[19][22]
In March 2013, a resident of New Rochelle, New York, put up a Gadsden flag at the city's vacant armory building. The city ordered its removal, fearing that the flag would be seen as political. The next month, a veterans group, the United Veterans Memorial & Patriotic Association, filed suit against the city.[23]
In popular culture[edit]
This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017)
Athletic apparel company Nike uses the image of a rattlesnake coiled around a soccer ball for an ongoing, patriotic "Don't Tread on Me" campaign in support of the United States men's national soccer team. The phrase has become a rallying cry for American soccer fans and the Gadsden flag can occasionally be seen at national team games. A representation of the rattlesnake is contained on the inside of their uniforms, over the heart, with the initials "D.T.O.M.", which were used in the 2010 World Cup.[24]
In Hideo Kojima's video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty a variation of the flag can be seen on one of the connecting bridges of the "Big Shell" facility, in a reference to both the original meaning and usage of the flag.[25]
In the apocalyptic 2006 CBS TV drama Jericho, the flag makes several appearances, most notably in the series finale as Jericho's acting mayor takes down the flag of the "Allied States of America", which had been flying at the town hall following a federal coup. He replaces the red, white, and blue flag of the central government with a Gadsden Flag which the previous mayor had kept framed in his office. The scene depicts a once-collaborationist character as finally having summoned the courage to be in open defiance against a supreme government.[26]
The heavy metal band Metallica recorded a song called "Don't Tread on Me" on their self-titled fifth studio album, released in 1991. The album cover features a dark grey picture of a coiled rattlesnake like the one found on the Gadsden Flag. The song's lyrics refer to political phrases from the American Revolutionary War.
In addition, in the hit series The West Wing, Sam Seaborn's office displays the flag hanging above his cabinet.
NASCAR driver Carl Edwards displayed the Gadsden Flag next to his facsimile signature on his race car.[27]
In WWE, the tag team Real Americans, composed by Jack Swagger, Cesaro and the manager Zeb Colter, used the Gadsden Flag and the preamble "We the People".
In the 1979 novel Alongside Night, an organization called the Revolutionary Agorist Cadre, seeking a Second American Revolution, welcomes visitors to one of its undergrounds: "The room’s only decoration was a modified Gadsden flag draped on the wall adjoining the bar and medical areas (opposite the door), a golden field with 'LAISSEZ-FAIRE!' in an upper left corner, a coiled rattlesnake facing left with its tongue out, and in the lower right, 'DONT TREAD ON ME!'" The Gadsden flag without the addition of "LAISSEZ-FAIRE!" is carried over into the 2014 Alongside Night movie adaptation in which the Gadsden flag is used by the Revolutionary Agorist Cadre as well as the traditional anarchist black flag.[28]
In 1970, on a verse from song Uncle John's Band by Grateful Dead contains "Their wall are built of cannonballs, their motto is 'Don't tread on me'".
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ During the 18th century, when contractions were coming into widespead use, they were often written without an apostrophe and some forms survive today such as made for maked and had for haved. The standard form for the contraction of "do not" later came to include the apostrophe.[1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robert Lowth, A Short Introduction to English Grammar: With Critical Notes. 1794. pp. 67, 79.
Jump up ^ Leepson, Marc; DeMille, Nelson (May 30, 2006). Flag: An American Biography. Macmillan. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-312-32309-7. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mohawk was Emerging as a Symbol of Liberty in the New Land". Boston-tea-party.org. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bald Eagle | National Bird". statesymbolsusa.org. Retrieved 2017-06-12.
Jump up ^ "A More Perfect Union: Symbolizing the National Union of States". Library of Congress. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Franklin, Benjamin as quoted under his pseudonym, "The American Guesser"". From the Franklin Institute. December 27, 1775. Archived from the original on August 15, 2000. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Byron McCandless; Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1917). Our flag number: with 1197 flags in full colors and 300 additional illustrations in black and white. National Geographic Society. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://classroom.monticello.org/media-item/flag-of-the-united-train-of-artillery-of-providence/
Jump up ^ Hicks, Frederick Cocks (1918). The flag of the United States. United States Government Printing Office. p. 23. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Rattlesnake Flag of the American revolution" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rigenweb/Providence/article286.html
Jump up ^ "Don't Tread on Me Flag History". Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Montana Department of Justice - License Plate Designs and Fees - Service Organizations & Associations".
Jump up ^ "Friends of Sycamore Shoals State Historic Park". www.friendsofsycamoreshoals.org. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
Jump up ^ "Seven States Now Offer 'Don't Tread on Me' License Plates; Is Yours on the List? - Tea Party News". Tea Party. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schwarz, Hunter (August 25, 2014). "States where you can get a 'Don't Tread On Me' license plate". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gadsden flag denied over State Capitol". Wtnh.com Hartford CT. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gadsden Flag Now Officially "Offensive" In America". Aipnews.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Connecticut Marines Fight for 'Don't Tread on Me' Flag Display". Fox News Channel. April 7, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Scocca, Tom (June 13, 2010). "Flag daze". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gadsden Flags Flying Off the Shelves in Support of the Tea Party movement Tax Protest". Market Wire. April 16, 2009. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tea Party movement flag will not fly at Connecticut Capitol". Necn.com. April 8, 2010. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Flag's Believed Ties To Tea Party Lead To Removal From New Rochelle Building". CBS 2 New York. April 22, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "USA Men's Soccer Kit". Archived from the original on October 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Screenshot of Sons of Liberty Flag".
Jump up ^ "Jericho Video – Jericho – Season 2: Episode 7: Patriots And Tyrants w/ Commentary". CBS. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Carl Edwards". Joe Gibbs Racing. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
Jump up ^ "Alongside Night — Chapter XIV « J. Neil Schulman". jneilschulman.agorist.com. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
External links[edit]
Book: Flags of the United States
Media related to Gadsden flag at Wikimedia Commons
"A Flag of Conviction", The Claremont Institute
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadsden_flag&oldid=819100569"
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Witney Carson
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Witney Carson
Carson in 2015
Born
Witney Capri Carson
(1993-10-17) October 17, 1993 (age 25)
American Fork, Utah, U.S.
Occupation
Dancer, actress, choreographer
Years active
2012–present
Height
5 ft 3 in (160 cm)
Spouse(s)
Carson McAllister (m. 2016)
Dances
Latin ballroom dancing
Website
www.witneycarson.com
Witney Capri Carson McAllister (born October 17, 1993) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer, choreographer, and actress. She first gained attention in 2012, when the 18-year-old finished ladies' second runner-up on So You Think You Can Dance: season 9. Carson continued her professional dancing career in early 2013 as a troupe dancer on Dancing with the Stars: seasons 16 and 17. Carson was promoted to being a "professional partner" in season 18.[1] She returned as a professional for season 19. She and her partner Alfonso Ribeiro were announced the winners of season 19 on November 25, 2014, making her one of six professional dancers to win the mirror ball trophy within their first two seasons. For that season, Carson received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography.[2]
Throughout her dance career, Carson has worked with dancers and choreographers such as Mia Michaels, Nappytabs, Travis Wall, Sonya Tayeh, Tyce Diorio, Mark Ballas, Derek Hough, and Stacey Tookey.
Contents
1 Personal life
2 So You Think You Can Dance
2.1 Performances and results
3 Dancing with the Stars
3.1 Dancing with the Stars performances
3.2 With Cody Simpson
3.3 With Alfonso Ribeiro
3.4 With Chris Soules
3.5 With Carlos PenaVega
3.6 With Von Miller
3.7 With Vanilla Ice
3.8 With Chris Kattan
3.9 With Frankie Muniz
3.10 With Chris Mazdzer
3.11 With Milo Manheim
4 Dancin': It's On!
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Personal life[edit]
Carson was born in American Fork, Utah.[3] She is the oldest of four children. She has two brothers and a sister. She started her career as a dancer at the age of three, training in different dance styles including ballet, jazz, hip hop, ballroom and tap among many others. She has competed and performed around the world and has won several awards and scholarships throughout her career.[citation needed] On October 3, 2015, Carson confirmed her engagement on Instagram to her boyfriend of four years, Carson McAllister.[4] The couple married on January 1, 2016 in a private ceremony for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints at the Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City. Fellow Dancing with the Stars dancers Brittany Cherry, Jenna Johnson, and Emma Slater were among her bridesmaids, with Lindsay Arnold serving as her matron of honor.[5]
So You Think You Can Dance[edit]
At the age of 18, Carson auditioned for season nine of Fox network's hit show So You Think You Can Dance. She made it through to the top twenty finalists. Her partner was ballet dancer and season winner Chehon Wespi-Tschopp. When only ten dancers remained, the contestants switched partners to a new all-star each week. As she proceeded to the top 6 dancers, Carson partnered with dancers Nick Lazzarini, Stephen "Twitch" Boss and Marko Germar before she was eliminated after the week-seven round which aired on September 2012.[6]
She returned as an all-star in season ten, partnering with top 6 dancer Paul Karmiryan and season winner, Du-shaunt "Fik-shun" Stegall.[7]
Performances and results[edit]
Week
Partner(s) / type
Style
Music
Choreographer
Meet the Top 20
(June 27) Lindsay Arnold, Nick Bloxsom-Carter Cha-cha-cha "Dance Again"—Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull Jason Gilkison
Meet the Top 20
(June 27) Top 10 Girls Contemporary "Where the Light Gets In"—Sennen Travis Wall
Meet the Top 20
(June 27) Top 20 Contemporary "Eyes" (Coachella Live 2012 version)—Kaskade Mia Michaels
Week 1
(July 11) Group Dance Modern "Architect of the Mind"—Kerry Muzzey Christopher Scott
Week 1
(July 11) Chehon Wespi-Tschopp Samba "Jump"—The Cube Guys & Luciana Caporaso Louis van Amstel
Week 2
(July 18) Group Dance Jazz "The Beautiful People (District 78 remix)" — Marilyn Manson Nappytabs
Week 2
(July 18) Chehon Wespi-Tschopp Bollywood "Tandav Music"—Aatish Kapadia Nakul Dev Mahajan
Week 3
(July 25) Group Dance Contemporary "The Here and After"—Jun Miyake Tyce Diorio
Week 3
(July 25) Chehon Wespi- Tschopp Contemporary "I Will Always Love You"—Whitney Houston Stacey Tookey
Week 4
(August 15) Group Dance Contemporary "Hanging On" Active Child Mia Michaels
Week 4
(August 15) Chehon Wespi-Tschopp Contemporary "Calling You"—Celine Dion Mia Michaels
Week 5
(August 22) Group Dance Broadway "The Cool World Stomp"—Mark Isham Tyce Diorio
Week 5
(August 22) Nick Lazzarini Jazz "Sing It Back"—Moloko Travis Wall
Week 5
(August 22) Solo Samba "You’ll find a Way" (Switch & Sinden remix)—Santigold
Week 6
(August 29) Group Dance Contemporary "Run Boy Run"—Woodkid Peter Chao
Week 6
(August 29) Stephen "Twitch" Boss Hip-hop "My Homies Still"—Lil Wayne feat. Big Sean Luther Brown
Week 6
(August 29) Solo Cha-cha-cha "Where Have You Been"—Rihanna
Week 7
(September 5) Group Dance Jazz "Scream"—Kelis Sonya Tayeh
Week 7
(September 5) Marko Germar Lyrical Jazz "No Nothing"—Curtis & Reinhard feat. Blaire Ray Leeper
Week 7
(September 5) Chehon Wespi-Tschopp Cha-cha-cha "Where Have You Been"—Rihanna Jean-Marc Généreux
Week 7
(September 5) Solo Paso doble "Malagueña"—Brian Setzer '68 Comeback Special Eliminated
Week 8
(August 13) Paul Karmiryan Cha-cha-cha "Live It Up"—Jennifer Lopez Jean-Marc Généreux
Week 9
(August 27) Du-shaunt "Fik-shun" Stegall Foxtrot "Sexy Silk"—Jessie J Jonathan Roberts
Dancing with the Stars[edit]
Witney was announced as a troupe dancer on reality television series, Dancing with the Stars in March 2013.[8] Carson (along with DWTS pro dancer, Lindsay Arnold) was a contestant on So You Think You Can Dance season nine.[8] She continued dancing and choreographing for the troupe on season 17.
On season 18, Carson was promoted to professional dancer, partnering with singer Cody Simpson.[1] They were eliminated on April 14, 2014, finishing in ninth place.
For season 19, Carson returned as a professional dancer partnering with actor Alfonso Ribeiro. On November 25, 2014, she and Ribeiro were declared the season's champions. It was Carson's first win in two seasons as a professional dancer on the show.
Carson returned for season 20 as partner for season 19 Bachelor, Chris Soules. They were the eighth couple to be eliminated, finishing in fifth place.[9]
For season 21, Carson was paired with Big Time Rush singer and actor Carlos PenaVega. They reached the Finals but were eliminated on Night 1 and finished in fourth place.
For season 22, Carson was paired with NFL player Von Miller. During a double elimination on week 7, Miller and Carson were eliminated and finished in 8th place.
For season 23, Carson was paired with rapper Vanilla Ice. During a double elimination on week 4, they were eliminated and finished in 10th place.
For season 24, Carson was partnered with comedian Chris Kattan. They were first eliminated on March 27, 2017.
For season 25, Carson was partnered with Malcolm in the Middle actor Frankie Muniz. They reached the finals and ultimately finished in third place.
For season 26, Carson was paired with Olympic luger Chris Mazdzer. They were eliminated on the third week of competition, tying in fourth place with Jennie Finch Daigle and Mirai Nagasu and their partners Keo Motsepe and Alan Bersten.
For season 27, Carson will be partnered with actor Milo Manheim.[10]
The scores below have been adjusted to be out of 30, not 40.*
Season
Partner
Place
Average Score
18 Cody Simpson 9th 23.8
19 Alfonso Ribeiro 1st 27.7*
20 Chris Soules 5th 21.9*
21 Carlos PenaVega 4th 26.6
22 Von Miller 7th 22.9
23 Vanilla Ice 10th 19.6*
24 Chris Kattan 12th 14.7*
25 Frankie Muniz 3rd 26.0
26 Chris Mazdzer 4th 23.5
27 Milo Manheim TBD TBD
Dancing with the Stars performances[edit]
With Cody Simpson[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Tonioli
1 Cha-cha-cha / "Timber" 7 7 8 No Elimination
2 Tango / "Yeah 3x" 7 7 8 Last to be called safe
3 Jazz / "Surfboard" 9 8 / 91 9 Safe
42 Foxtrot / "I'm Yours" 8 7 / 83 8 No Elimination
5 Samba / "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" 9 8 / 84 9 Eliminated
1 Score given by guest judge Robin Roberts.
2 For this week only, as part of the "Partner Switch-Up" week, Simpson performed with Sharna Burgess instead of Carson. Carson performed with Drew Carey.
3 Score given by guest judge Julianne Hough.
4 Score given by guest judge Donny Osmond.
With Alfonso Ribeiro[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Hough
Tonioli
1 Jive / "3-6-9" 9 9 9 9 Safe
2 Samba / "Gettin' Jiggy wit It" 8 8 8 8 Safe
3 Quickstep / "Hey Goldmember" 8 81 8 8 Safe
4 Jazz / "It's Not Unusual" 10 102 10 10 Safe
53 Flamenco / "Angelica" 8 94 9 8 No elimination
6 Salsa / "Booty" 10 105 9 10 Safe
7 Rumba / "Ghost"
Team freestyle / "Time Warp" 9
8 9
8 9
8 9
8 Safe
8 Cha-cha-cha / "Trust"
Jive dance-off / "Rip It Up" 10
Awarded 9
3 9
extra 10
points Safe
9 Foxtrot / "Ain't That a Kick in the Head?"
Trio Paso doble / "Turn Down for What" 9
10 9
10 9
10 10
10 Safe
10
(Semi-finals) Argentine Tango / "Love Runs Out"
Contemporary / "Love Runs Out" (acoustic) 9
10 9
9 9
10 9
10 Safe
11
(Finals) Jive / "3-6-9"
Freestyle / "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)"
Cha-cha-cha & Argentine Tango fusion / "Shut Up and Dance" 10
10
10 10
10
10 10
10
10 10
10
10 Winner
Footnotes:
Score given by guest judge Kevin Hart in place of Goodman.
The American public scored the dance in place of Goodman with the averaged score being counted alongside the three other judges.
This week only, for "Partner Switch-Up" week, Ribeiro performed with Cheryl Burke instead of Carson. Carson performed with Michael Waltrip.
Score given by guest judge Jessie J in place of Goodman.
Score given by guest judge Pitbull in place of Goodman.
With Chris Soules[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Hough
Tonioli
1 Jive / "Footloose" 7 6 6 7 No Elimination
2 Cha-cha-cha / "Time of Our Lives" 5 6 5 5 Safe
3 Argentine Tango / "Dangerous" 7 7 7 7 Last to be called safe
4 Rumba / "The Book of Love" 7 6 7 7 Safe
5 Quickstep / "Zero to Hero" 7 6 7 7 Last to be called safe
6 Viennese Waltz / "Hopelessly Devoted to You"
Team freestyle / "Trouble" 8
10 7
9 8
10 8
10 Safe
7 Foxtrot / "Five Minutes More"
Foxtrot dance-Off / "Orange Colored Sky" 8
No 7
extra 8
points 8
awarded Safe
8 Contemporary / "Lay Me Down"
Trio Paso doble / "Outside" 9
7 8
7 9
8 8
8 Eliminated
With Carlos PenaVega[edit]
This season returned having three judges.
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Hough
Tonioli
1 Jive / "I Got You (I Feel Good)" 8 8 7 No elimination
2 Foxtrot / "Home"
Cha-cha-cha / "Hound Dog" 8
7 8
7 8
7 Safe
3 Jazz / "Thank You for Being a Friend" 7 81/8 8 Safe
4 Waltz / "Amazing Grace" 9 8 8 Last to be called safe
52 Quickstep / "Bossa Nova Baby" 10 10/93 10 No elimination
6 Rumba / "Pony" 10 9/94 10 Safe
7 Paso doble / "O Fortuna"
Team freestyle / "Ghostbusters" 9
9 10
10 9
9 Safe
8 Salsa / "Valió la Pena"
Jive Dance-Off / "Travelin' Band" 9
Awarded 9
2 9
points Last to be called safe
9 Argentine Tango / "What Do You Mean?"
Team-up dance Paso doble / "We Will Rock You 9
8 9
8 9
8 Last to be called safe
10
Semifinals Contemporary / "Drag Me Down"
Cha-cha-cha dance-off / "Fun"
Trio Charleston / "Booty Swing" 9
Awarded
9 9
3
10 10
points
10 No elimination
11
Finals Foxtrot / "The Hills"
Freestyle / "WTF (Where They From)" 10
10 10
10 10
10 Eliminated
1 Score given by guest judge Alfonso Ribeiro.
2 This week only, for "Partner Switch-Up" week, PenaVega performed with Lindsay Arnold instead of Carson. Carson performed with Nick Carter.[11]
3 Score given by guest judge Maksim Chmerkovskiy.
4 Score given by guest judge Olivia Newton-John.
With Von Miller[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Tonioli
1 Foxtrot / "My House" 8 6 7 No elimination
2 Cha-cha-cha / "Ain't Too Cool" 7 6 7 Safe
3 Contemporary / "In the Air Tonight" 7 6 7 Safe
4 Viennese Waltz / "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes" 8 8/81 8 Safe
52 Jive / "Hips" 8 7/73 7 No elimination
6 Jazz / "Bad" 8 8 8 Last to be called safe
7 Salsa / "A Little Less Conversation"
Team Freestyle / "Super Bad", "Living in America" & "I Got You (I Feel Good)" 8
9 8
9 8
10 Eliminated
1 Score given by guest judge Zendaya.
2 For this week only, as part of "America's Switch Up", Miller performed with Lindsay Arnold instead of Carson. Carson performed with Wanyá Morris.
3 Score given by guest judge Maksim Chmerkovskiy.
With Vanilla Ice[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Hough
Tonioli
1 Cha-cha-cha / "Ice Ice Baby" 7 5 6 7 No Elimination
2 Foxtrot / "Love and Marriage" 6 7 6 7 Safe
3[12] Paso doble / "Save Tonight" 6 6 5 6 Safe
4 Viennese Waltz / "La Nouba" 8 – 7 8 Eliminated
With Chris Kattan[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Hough
Tonioli
1 Cha-cha-cha / "What Is Love" 5 4 4 4 No Elimination
2 Jazz / "Hey Ya!" 6 5 6 5 Eliminated
With Frankie Muniz[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Tonioli
1 Foxtrot / "Sign of the Times" 7 6 6 No Elimination
2 Tango / "Whatever It Takes"
Cha-cha-cha / "Perm" 8
8 7
8 8
9 Safe
3 Samba / "It's Gonna Be Me" 7 7 7 No Elimination
4 Quickstep / "Adventure of a Lifetime" 8 8 8 Safe
5 Argentine Tango / "Angelica" 10 9 10 Last to be called safe
6 Jazz / "Holly Rock" 7 8/81 8 Safe
7 Contemporary / "Every Breath You Take"
Team Freestyle / "The Phantom of the Opera" 10
10 10
10 10
10 Safe
8 Viennese Waltz / "Perfect"
Trio Jive / "Good Place" 9
9 8
9 9
9 Last to be called safe
9
(Semi-finals) Salsa / "Shake"
Paso doble / "Carnaval de Paris" 8
9 8
8 9
9 Last to be called safe
10
(Finals) Foxtrot / "I Won't Dance"
Freestyle / "Run Boy Run"
Argentine Tango / "Angelica"
Foxtrot & Tango Fusion / "Without You" 10
9
10
10 9/102
9/102
10
9 9
10
10
9
Third place
1 Score given by guest judge Shania Twain.
2 Score given by guest judge Julianne Hough.
With Chris Mazdzer[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Tonioli
1 Salsa / "Mr. Put It Down" 7 7 7 Safe
2 Viennese Waltz / "Next to Me"
Team Freestyle / "...Baby One More Time" 9
8 8/81
8/91 8
8 Last to be called safe
3 Foxtrot / "I Got Rhythm"
Salsa Dance-Off / "WTF (Where They From)" 8
No 7/92
Extra 9
Points Eliminated
1 Score given by guest judge Rashad Jennings.
2 Score given by guest judge David Ross.
With Milo Manheim[edit]
Week #
Dance / Song
Judges' scores
Result
Inaba
Goodman
Tonioli
1 Cha-cha-cha / "Free Free Free" 7 6 7 Safe
2 Charleston / "Living in New York City"
Tango / "Ashes" 9
9 8
8 9
9 Safe
3 Jive / "Can You Do This" 9 9 9 Safe
4 Trio Salsa / "Adrenalina" 10 9 10 Safe
5 Quickstep / "Incredits 2" 9 8 10 No Elimination
6 Contemporary / "Toxic" 10 10 10 Safe
Dancin': It's On![edit]
Carson is part of the dancing cast of the 2015 movie Dancin': It's On! in the role of Jennifer. She joins former SYTYCD winners Russell Ferguson (season 6), and Chehon Wespi-Tschopp (season 9).[13]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result
Ref.
2015 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Choreography Dancing with the Stars Nominated [14]
2016 Industry Dance Awards Favorite Dance Idol Nominated [15]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Dancing with the Stars Contestants, Pro Dancers, & host Season 20 - ABC.com". ABC. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "DWTS Pro Witney Carson Gets Emmy Nomination". Wetpaint. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "About Me - Witney Carson". 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dancing With the Stars' Witney Carson Is Engaged: 'My Heart is Full of Love and Happiness'". People. 3 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Mullins, Jenna (January 3, 2016). "Witney Carson Is Married: Dancing With the Stars Pro Weds Carson McAllister". E! Online. NBCUniversal Cable. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "So You Think You Can Dance recap: Witney Carson, Cole Horibe eliminated". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Meet The All-Stars Of "SYTYCD"". thebacklot.com. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Carbone, Gina (March 11, 2013). "Dancing With the Stars 2013: Witney Carson Joins Season 16 Pro Troupe". Wetpaint. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chris Soules Will Become 12th Contestant on Dancing with the Stars". People. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Desiree (September 12, 2018). "'Dancing With the Stars' Season 27 Cast Revealed -- Meet the Celebs and Their Pro Partners!". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gomez, Patrick (October 7, 2015). "The Dancing with the Stars Switch-Up Week Couples Revealed!". People.com. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "All-New 'Face Off' Night Comes to ABC's 'Dancing with the Stars,' September 26". disneyabcpress.com. September 22, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Feller, Alison (January 18, 2013). ""SYTYCD" Stars Go Hollywood". Dance Spirit Magazine. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Emmy Nominations for Witney Carson". Emmys. Retrieved 28 Jul 2015.
Jump up ^ "Industry Dance Awards for Witney Carson". Industry Dance Awards site. Retrieved 22 Jul 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website
Witney Carson on IMDb
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Emil Minty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Emil Minty
Born
1972 (age 45–46)
Sydney, Australia
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1981–1992
Emil Minty (born 1972) is an Australian former child actor. He played The Feral Kid, a feral child in the 1981 film Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. As an actor, he had no lines in the film. After Mad Max 2, Minty had minor parts in Fluteman (1982) and in The Winds of Jarrah (1983). In 1990 he appeared in a few episodes of A Country Practice.
Minty withdrew from acting when he finished school. He became a jeweller, and has worked at Chris Lewis Jewellers in Sydney's Gladesville since the early 1990s. He is a father of two.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Filmography
2 References
3 Bibliography
4 External links
Filmography[edit]
Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior (1981) - The Feral Kid
Fluteman (1982) - Toby
The Winds of Jarrah (1983) - Andy Marlow
"The Flying Doctors" (1990) - Mat Coulson
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lehmann, Megan (May 9, 2015). "From Mad Max’s feral child... to Sydney jeweller". The Daily Telegraph.
Bibliography[edit]
Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 394.
External links[edit]
Emil Minty on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 91608591

This article about an Australian film actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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