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List of Call the Midwife characters
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The following is a list of characters from Call the Midwife, a British television period-drama series shown on BBC One since 2012.
Contents
1 Cast
2 Characters
2.1 Sister Julienne
2.2 Sister Monica Joan
2.3 Beatrix "Trixie" Franklin
2.4 Shelagh Turner
2.5 Sister Winifred
2.6 Phyllis Crane
2.7 Valerie Dyer
2.8 Frederick "Fred" Buckle
2.9 Dr. Patrick Turner
2.10 Tom Hereward
2.11 Lucille Anderson
3 Supporting characters
3.1 Timothy Turner
3.2 Angela Turner
3.3 Edward Turner
3.4 Violet Buckle
3.5 Christopher Dockerill
4 Previous characters
4.1 Nurse Jenny Lee
4.2 Camilla "Chummy" Noakes (née Fortescue-Cholmondeley-Browne)
4.3 Sister Evangelina
4.4 Sister Ursula
4.5 Sister Mary Cynthia
4.6 Peter Noakes
4.7 Patience "Patsy" Mount
4.8 Delia Busby
4.9 Barbara Hereward (neé Gilbert)
5 Previous recurring characters
6 References
Cast[edit]
Actor
Character
Role
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jessica Raine Jenny Lee Nurse, midwife Main Does not appear
Miranda Hart Chummy Noakes
(Camilla Browne) Nurse, midwife Main Does not appear
Jenny Agutter Sister Julienne Sister-in-charge, midwife Main
Judy Parfitt Sister Monica Joan Retired midwife Main
Pam Ferris Sister Evangelina † Nurse, midwife Main Does not appear
Bryony Hannah Sister Mary Cynthia
(Cynthia Miller) Nurse, midwife Main Does not appear
Helen George Beatrix "Trixie" Franklin Senior nurse, midwife Main
Laura Main Shelagh Turner
(Sister Bernadette) Sister and Practice manager, practice midwife, Senior midwife (Nonnatus House) (Series 6-) Main
Stephen McGann Patrick Turner General practitioner Main
Cliff Parisi Frederick "Fred" Buckle Caretaker Main
Ben Caplan Peter Noakes Police Sergeant Main Does not appear
Vanessa Redgrave Voice of Jennifer Worth Nurse, midwife Main
Emerald Fennell Patience "Patsy" Mount Nurse, midwife Does not appear Guest Main Does not appear
Victoria Yeates Sister Winifred Midwife Does not appear Main
Jack Ashton Tom Hereward Curate Does not appear Main
Charlotte Ritchie Barbara Hereward † Nurse, midwife Does not appear Main
Linda Bassett Phyllis Crane Nursing sister, midwife Does not appear Main
Annabelle Apsion Violet Buckle Wife of Fred Buckle Does not appear Recurring Main
Kate Lamb Delia Busby Nurse Does not appear Recurring Main Does not appear
Jennifer Kirby Valerie Dyer Nurse, midwife Does not appear Main
Leonie Elliott Lucille Anderson Nurse, midwife Does not appear Main
Max Macmillan Timothy "Tim" Turner Patrick Turner's son Recurring
George Rainsford James "Jimmy" Wilson Friend of Jenny Lee Recurring Does not appear
Cheryl Campbell Lady Browne † Chummy's mother Recurring Does not appear Recurring Does not appear
Dorothy Atkinson Jane Sutton Medical orderly Does not appear Recurring Does not appear
Leo Starr Alec Jesmond † Boyfriend of Jenny Lee Does not appear Recurring Does not appear
Alice Brown Angela Turner Adopted daughter of Shelagh and Patrick Turner Does not appear Recurring
Maxine Evans Mrs Busby Delia Busby's mother Does not appear Recurring Does not appear
Harriet Walter Sister Ursula Sister-in-charge, midwife, nurse Does not appear Recurring Does not appear
Jack Hawkins Christopher Dockerill Dentist Does not appear Recurring
Daniel Laurie Reggie Jackson Fred and Violet Buckle's ward Does not appear Recurring
Trevor Cooper Sergeant Woolf Police Sergeant Does not appear Recurring
Nina Yndis Magda The Turners' au pair Does not appear Recurring
Characters[edit]
Sister Julienne[edit]
Sister Julienne
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Jenny Agutter
Duration
2012–
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Sister-in-charge, nun, midwife and nurse
By necessity, Sister Julienne conceals an iron fist in a velvet glove, managing both her charges and fellow sisters with a combination of tact, compassion, and no-nonsense advice.
Her steadfast, compassionate guidance makes her an anchor for her colleagues and in a very real way, it is she who holds the inhabitants of Nonnatus House together. She always offers comfort and help to the young midwives and also has a notably close, warm and maternal relationship with Sister Bernadette, serving as her chief mentor and confidante. Beginning with series 4, it becomes clear that the weight of always having to be "the wise one" takes a heavier toll on her than many would guess, and she is increasingly shown leaning on Shelagh (formerly Sister Bernadette) for counsel and support; nevertheless, her faith is not shaken and she remains a serene, guiding presence for all of Nonnatus House. Her pre-Order name was Louise.
In the sixth series after her return from Africa, Sister Julienne becomes Deputy Sister-in-Charge to Sister Ursula. Although Sister Ursula leaves in the third episode and Sister Julienne becomes sister in charge again.
Sister Monica Joan[edit]
Sister Monica Joan
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Judy Parfitt
Duration
2012–
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nun, retired midwife and nurse
One of the UK's earliest registered nurses, and the last surviving founder of Nonnatus House, Sister Monica Joan (whose birth name was Antonia Keville) retired from practice prior to the events of the series, who is suffering from the early stages of dementia and feeble body. Desperate to be of service and feel useful, she is given make-work tasks to keep her occupied, such as rolling bandages (which the nurses secretly unrolled beforehand). Sister Julienne expresses that it is now their privilege to care for her.
She has a very different nature from Sister Evangelina's and misses no opportunity to bait her. It is never entirely clear how much of Sister Monica Joan's eccentricity is due to the frailty of age, or (as Jenny and Sister Bernadette suspect) sheer wilful naughtiness. She has a habit of devouring all the cakes, leading everyone to try to hide them from her. She also knits woollen teddy bears and casts her horoscope in the stars and planets in order to tell her future. In the final episode of Series 1, after recovering from pneumonia, she is arrested for stealing trinkets from the market: some ribbons, a handkerchief, a china robin and several other things.
Later, she is suspected of stealing a ring, a bracelet and a pearl necklace, which were discovered by Jenny Lee; Sister Monica Joan then went to hide them in her knitting bag and they were found by Sister Evangelina and who called the constable. Mother Jesu Emanuel (Mother Superior of the order) testifies that Sister Monica Joan inherited those items from her mother and no crime was committed. In light of Monica Joan's age and moments of forgetfulness, she is acquitted of the trinket thefts. In Series 2, she reconciles with her nephew and his family, fears that she is useless, spends a lot of money on taxis to see her nephew, much to the chagrin of Sister Julienne, recovers from angina, escapes a holiday with Sister Evangelina to Chichester, judges a baby show, and pays for a child's funeral. Sister Monica Joan is very close to and gets on well with Jenny. In the 2015 Christmas special, she runs away from the convent after an argument with Sister Evangelina, returning to her childhood home with the belief that everyone should go back to their home, prompted by Barbara's comment that she wasn't allowed back to Liverpool for Christmas. She returns just in time for their appearance on the BBC.
Beatrix "Trixie" Franklin[edit]
Beatrix "Trixie" Franklin
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Helen George
Duration
2012–
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Senior midwife and nurse
Trixie has a much more outgoing disposition than Jenny, but the two share the sense of adventure in their work and become firm friends. Trixie loves nothing more than gossiping with her colleagues and is quite nosey when it comes to other people's business.
She occasionally comes across as a bit rude, but she means no harm by it. When it comes to her friends, she takes great pleasure in teasing them about what is going on in their lives. She is caring but no-nonsense to her patients and is encouraging at hopeless times. She is light and carefree, jokes a lot, tries to set her colleagues up with boys and is generally a little boy-mad. Nevertheless, it is clear that work is first in her life, until Curate Tom Hereward proposes to her and she accepts. But their engagement breaks down when Trixie discovers that Tom has a placement in a slum in Newcastle, an industrial city in North East England. This makes her turn even more to alcohol for comfort, but after struggling with alcoholism, with Cynthia's help, she joins a support group. She shares a room with Nurse Patsy Mount.
Trixie's acceptance of male homosexuality is decades ahead of her time. Prior to the events of the series, she happily served as cover for a gay medical student, providing him the appearance of propriety. Her disgust of a young father arrested in a cottaging sting was entirely the result of his infidelity; with whom he cheated was immaterial to her.
Discovering that Barbara is going out with Tom gave her quite a shock and she finds it very difficult to accept, but after a talk with Tom and Barbara she finally accepts that she can no longer hold on to Tom and must let him go. She is now very close to Patsy, Delia, Barbara and Sister Mary Cynthia.
In January 1962, while seconded to a clinic in Africa and dozens of miles from a physician, Trixie becomes the only one of the midwives - lay or nuns - to have performed a cesarean section. She returns to Poplar a few months later as she stays on at the clinic returning via the Mother House, when it's realised that Sister Mary Cynthia has gone missing.
Later in 1962, she meets dentist Christopher Dockerill. When a turn of events leads to them delivering a baby, they grow close. But, later she suspects that she is being cheated on by Dockerhill, but learns that he actually has a child from a prior marriage, which he had not previously disclosed. She forgives him because he was scared to tell her fearing he would be rejected.
Shelagh Turner[edit]
Shelagh Turner
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Laura Main
Duration
2012–
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Midwife and nurse (series 1–2, 4-), Medical Sister-in-charge (surgery) (Series 4-), nun, acting sister in charge (series 1–2), medical secretary (series 3–5), Senior midwife and nursing sister (Nonnatus House) (Series 7-)
showFamily
Husband
Patrick Turner
Children
Timothy Turner
Angela Turner
Edward Teddy Turner[1]
Sister Bernadette, as she is first known, is Scottish and in her early 30s – the closest in age to Jenny and the other lay midwives. She is the most educated of the nuns and tutors the other nurses whilst providing administrative assistance to Sister Julienne, sometimes covering as her deputy. She joined the order in July, 1948. A consummate professional, she has a fresh, uncomplicated approach to her work that means she connects well with Jenny and her other colleagues. In one episode, she is shown to remove her veil, take her hair down and take off her glasses, expressing her hidden desire to be free.
In series 2, it becomes clear that Sister Bernadette is lonely and unhappy, questioning whether the convent is her calling, and wishes to do what the other young midwives of her age are doing: going out to the cinema, dancing, etc. One scene shows Sister Bernadette looking in on the midwives' room while they are drinking and gossiping, but then the door closes; it is a life that cannot be opened to her while she remains a nun. In another, Sister Monica Joan points out that she spends most of her time praying for forgiveness. Sister Bernadette eventually breaks down and turns to Sister Julienne for help, confessing that what she really wants is a family and children of her own. As of the 2012 Christmas Special and from Series 2 onward, it becomes clear that Sister Bernadette has fallen in love with the local physician, Dr Turner.
After recovering from a short bout of tuberculosis, Sister Bernadette leaves the convent and reverts to her birth name of Shelagh (née Mannion). She becomes engaged to Dr Turner, who has also fallen in love with her. They marry in the 2013 Christmas Special and she becomes stepmother to his 11-year-old son Timothy. They later adopt a baby girl called Angela after a struggle with infertility. However, she still remains close to her faith, joining the Nuns at compline. At times she is struggling, in series four it becomes clear Shelagh desperately misses her nursing and midwifery so she returns to full-time work at the surgery and maternity home, first as a medical secretary, and then also as the sister-in-charge at the surgery after Dr Turner is taken ill. She is now the medical sister-in-charge at the surgery and works alongside the other midwives and nuns at the surgery, but still doesn't perform house calls. When at the clinic or being the acting Sister-in-charge at Nonnatus House in Sister Julienne's absence, Shelagh dons smart civilian dress, rather than uniform of the order's other lay nurses, although she eventually obtained a uniform to wear when serving in a nursing capacity at Dr. Turner's surgery.
Shelagh also feels guilty after thalidomide is prescribed for women suffering from morning sickness. When it's linked to with birth deformities of the kind observed in recent months, she says she is as guilty as Patrick because she supported the drug being prescribed.
In series 6, Shelagh is overcome with joy when she falls pregnant with her first biological child. However, she suffers complications and is taken ill during an inspection of the maternity home and rushed to hospital fearing a miscarriage, forcing Barbara and Phyllis to take over the running of the surgery. This puts her pregnancy in jeopardy and even after she is released from hospital she could have still lost the baby.[2] But she gives birth to a son (Edward 'Teddy' Patrick Turner) with the help of Sister Julienne in the series finale.
After a year of materity leave Shelagh returns to Nonnatus House as senior midwife and nursing sister to cover for Barbara who is taken ill and eventually dies.
Sister Winifred[edit]
Sister Winifred
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Victoria Yeates
Duration
2014–
First appearance
Series 3, Episode 1
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nun, midwife and nurse, former teacher (before 1959)
Sister Winifred arrives at Nonnatus House at the beginning of Series 3. Sister Winifred is the same age as Jenny, Trixie and Cynthia. She finds midwifery hard. She tries twice to make a harvest loaf for the Harvest Festival, stating 'my mother made it look so easy.' She eventually succeeds on the second attempt. She seems to be close to Patsy Mount. She is now close to Sister Mary Cynthia since she joined the order and is very passionate about her work in Poplar. In series 5 episode 3 it is revealed that Sister Winifred is missing teaching and takes a temporary job teaching a class replacing one of her patients who was fired due to pregnancy. In episode 4 she had returned to midwifery. She is seen to be close to Cynthia since she joined the order. In series 6 she sets about learning to drive with Phyllis' help.
Phyllis Crane[edit]
Phyllis Crane
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Linda Bassett
Duration
2015–
First appearance
Series 4, Episode 2
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Senior nurse, midwife, Deputy Sister-in-charge (medical)
Phyllis is a veteran nurse who also arrives at Nonnatus House in mid-1960. When she pulls up in her sparkling car everybody knows that she's going to be a tiny bit snobby and she is. She is vegetarian and is not scared to put her ideas forward to improve Nonnatus House. She confides in Vaughan Seller, the father of a terminated baby, that she was born an illegitimate child, and to former street walker Roseanne Dawley that Phyllis' mother too was a prostitute. In series 5 it is seen that she has formed more of a relationship with Barbara and has taken quite a high role in Nonnatus House. Having discovered Patsy and Delia's relationship, she is supportive of heartbroken Delia when Patsy sails to Hong Kong to care for her dying father.
She is also very close to her roommate, Barbara, and serves as something of a surrogate mother figure to her much younger colleague. In the sixth series after her return from Africa, Sister Julienne becomes Deputy Sister-in-Charge to Sister Ursula, meaning Phyllis is demoted to Nursing Sister. Although Sister Ursula leaves and Phyllis is reinstated as deputy sister in charge again.
Driving back from a successful delivery, Phyllis knocks over one of the family's other children with her car and is left devastated by the possible consequences. She faces suspension by the Central Midwives Board, over her actions and is told by Sister Julienne to focus on the administrative duties. But, the family ask Sergeant Noakes to drop the case.
When Shelagh is unwell and goes on maternity leave, it expected she will take over as acting sister in charge of the surgery. Following Patsy's departure she took over as a leader of the local Wolf Cub Scouts.
In Series 7, Phyllis nearly dies after a fire destroys a local shop.
Valerie Dyer[edit]
Valerie Dyer
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Jennifer Kirby
Duration
2017–
First appearance
Series 6, Episode 2
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nurse, midwife
showFamily
Aunts
Jean
Florrie
Valerie first appears following an explosion in Episode 2 of series 6 coming to the aid of Shelagh following a fire in the docks. She was an Army nurse, but resigned her commission when she grew weary of the routinness of such nursing. A native of Poplar, she took a barmaid job while sorting out her ambitions.
In episode 4, she becomes a midwife at the Nonnatus House. Sister Monica Joan somehow immediately recognises Valerie as having been a baby whom she delivered, reciting the details as if it had been yesterday. But it's a baptism of fire as Valerie is caught up with a woman who had FGM which creates difficulties for the pregnancy and the woman is rushed to hospital. Later she finds out the woman had sent her younger sister to be cut in Somalia and with Barbara rushes to stop the girl from boarding the boat. But it's too late.
Frederick "Fred" Buckle[edit]
Fred Buckle
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Cliff Parisi
Duration
2012-
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Handyman, Scout Leader, Civil Defence Corps Deputy Party Leader
showFamily
Wife
Mrs Buckle (deceased)
Violet Gee (1960-)
Daughters
Marlene Dooley
Dolly
Grandsons
Anthony
Granddaughters
Samantha
First cousins
Ivy Jackson
Other relatives
Reggie Jackson
Fred is the handyman at Nonnatus House since the end of the war.[3] In the evenings, he volunteers as a scout leader and as a deputy party leader[4] in charge of the neighbourhood Civil Defence Corps squad. He is friends with all of the midwives and often gives them help and advice. He's always got a new money-making scheme under his belt, but none of them is ever much good. Fred is the father of two daughters – Dolly, who lives in Australia with her husband and their two children, Anthony and Samantha; and Marlene, who is also married and has recently moved back to England after living in Canada for several years.
Before becoming the handyman at Nonnatus he was in the British Army, during which time his wife was killed leaving his daughters to be shuffled around between several of his family members, causing him great pain and temptation to desert. In series four, after twenty years of being a widower, Fred takes an interest in local shop owner Violet Gee; after several months of flirting during their community volunteering duties, Fred asks Violet to a charity dance. By the end of series four Fred proposes to Violet – and, after dealing with his clingy daughter Marlene – he and Violet marry.
Dr. Patrick Turner[edit]
Patrick Turner
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Stephen McGann
Duration
2012–
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
General practitioner
showFamily
Wife
Widowed
Shelagh Mannion (1958-)
Sons
Timothy Turner
Edward "Teddy" Turner[1]
Daughters
Angela Turner (adopted)
Dr Turner is Poplar's local physician, as well as being the GP to all the midwives and nuns. He works closely with the midwives, helping at clinics, deliveries and at the birthing hospital and is incredibly dedicated to his patients and to his work, including fighting bureaucratic red tape to save lives with a tuberculosis x-ray screening van. He is a widower and father to Timothy and does his best to juggle the demands of being a single parent with his responsibilities as a doctor. In Series 2, it becomes apparent that he has fallen in love with Sister Bernadette, but her vows stand in the way of that love. After her diagnosis with tuberculosis forces her to examine what she truly wants, he makes it quietly clear to her that while the decision is hers, he is in love with her and wishes to share his life with her. She leaves the convent and chooses a different path, accepting his proposal of marriage after she has overcome her tuberculosis.
When trying to adopt, it is revealed that he suffered mental health issues after the war. Overwork and a misdiagnosis in Series 4, drives him to illness forcing Shelagh and Patsy to take over the running of the practice. While in the next series the Turner's go on holiday, with a locom who puts a mother in danger. Also he had regularly prescribed thalidomid for women suffering from morning sickness. When it's linked to with birth deformities of the kind observed in recent months, he must deal with his guilt.
In series 6, Dr Turner is overcome with joy when Shelagh falls pregnant with her first biological child. However, she suffers complications and is taken ill during an inspection of the maternity home and rushed to hospital fearing a miscarriage. This puts her pregnancy in jeopardy and even after she is released from hospital she could have still lost the baby. But she gives birth to a son (Edward 'Teddy' Turner) with the help of Sister Julienne in the series finale, with Dr Turner in the room.
Tom Hereward[edit]
Tom Hereward
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Jack Ashton
Duration
2014–
First appearance
Series 3
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Curate
showFamily
Wife
Barbara Gilbert (deceased) (1962-1963)
Tom arrives in series 3 as the new Poplar curate. He lives just across the road from Nonnatus House and is shown to have a relationship with Trixie, whom he met when the two were working the same shift in a women's prison. Their engagement is broken off in series 4. Now he is seen doing a lot with the children's group and is getting a bit closer to Nurse Barbara Gilbert. Tom asks Barbara to marry him while they are out in South Africa after consulting with his former fiancée Trixie. They are married in a hurried wedding at the end of series 6, when Barbara learns that her father has accepted a three year missionary posting in New Guinea, so he can marry them.
Sadly, Tom later becomes a widower after Barbara dies from meningococcal septicemia.
Lucille Anderson[edit]
Lucille Anderson
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Leonie Elliott
Duration
2018–
First appearance
Series 7
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nurse, midwife
Nurse Anderson arrives at Nonnatus House in series 7 as their first West Indian nurse.
Supporting characters[edit]
Timothy Turner[edit]
Timothy Turner
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Max Macillan
Duration
2012–
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Introduced by
Jenny Worth
Classification
Present; recurring
Profile
Occupation
Student
showFamily
Father
Patrick Turner
Mother
Shelagh Turner (step-mother)
Timothy is the son of Patrick Turner and stepson of Shelagh Turner. He is very smart and tall and goes to the local grammar school. In 2013 Christmas special he suffers from polio which affects his legs. He slowly recuperates and is now fully recovered. He is seen to have an interest in medicine, and in Series 5 he helps his mother and father out more in the surgery. Timothy sets off on a crusade to make his parents give up smoking after seeing the damage it's doing to their health. He is pleased when, in the following series, his stepmother gives birth to his brother.
Angela Turner[edit]
Angela Turner
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Alice Brown
Duration
2014–
First appearance
Series 3, Episode 8
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; recurring
showFamily
Father
Patrick Turner
Mother
Shelagh Turner
Brothers
Timothy Turner (half-brother), Edward "Teddy" Turner[1]
Angela is the adopted daughter of Shelagh and Patrick Turner. She is first seen in the series 3 finale and is briefly seen in series 4 and 5 usually with Shelagh, Patrick or Timothy. She was born to a 16-year-old mother, and was put up for adoption after birth, when the Turners adopted her. It is mentioned in the series that she has a fear of squirrels.
Edward Turner[edit]
Edward Turner
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
TBC
Duration
2017–
First appearance
Series 6, Episode 8
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; recurring
showFamily
Father
Patrick Turner
Mother
Shelagh Turner
Edward is the son of Shelagh and Patrick Turner, born in the final episode of series 6.
Violet Buckle[edit]
Violet Buckle
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Annabelle Apsion
Duration
2015-
First appearance
Series 4, Episode 1
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Present; recurring
Profile
Occupation
Haberdashery owner, Girls' Brigade Leader
showFamily
Husband
Bert Gee (deceased)
Fred Buckle (1960-)
Violet Buckle is the second wife of Fred Buckle. She owns her own haberdashery called Violet Gee. She has a son who lives in Plymouth. She also had a previous husband called Bert who was killed in the war like Fred's deceased wife. She volunteers as a uniformed leader of the local Girls' Brigade, replacing Patsy when she returns to Hong Kong.
Christopher Dockerill[edit]
Christopher Dockerill
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Jack Hawkins
Duration
2017–
First appearance
Series 6, Episode 5
Classification
Present; recurring
Profile
Occupation
Dentist
showFamily
Wife
Moira (divorced)
Daughters
Alexandra Dockerill
Introduced in Series 6 when Trixie escorts a patient to see him who has a fear of dentists. After carrying out work on the woman which brings on her labour while he is in theatre, Trixie is forced to deliver the baby with his assistance after the general anaesthetic brings on labour. Later Trixie believes he's seeing another woman after he cancels a number of dates, but he tells her he has been looking after his daughter from a previous marriage.
Previous characters[edit]
Nurse Jenny Lee[edit]
Jenny Lee
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Jessica Raine
Vanessa Redgrave (mature)
Duration
2012–14
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Last appearance
Series 4, Episode 0
Introduced by
Herself
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nurse, midwife, nursing sister (Series 3)
Nurse Jenny Lee arrives at Nonnatus House in 1957, at the age of 22, completely unaware of the world she is about to enter. Believing she has accepted a job with a small private hospital, she is somewhat surprised to find she's moving into a convent. Furthermore, the deprivation of the East End is a huge culture shock for the young woman who has enjoyed a privileged upbringing in the home counties and spent time in Paris before training as a nurse. However, although initially shocked by the conditions in which her patients live, Jenny comes to accept the material limitations of the world in which she works and to love the people who must live there.
She went to London to escape her forbidden love to a married man, Gerald. Her best friend Jimmy arrives and although he makes her feel more at ease, he also makes things more complicated by revealing that he's in love with her. She turns him down and they remain friends. She becomes good friends with all of her colleagues and patients and always tries to help those around her. Toward the end of Series 2 and halfway through Series 3, she starts dating Alec, a friend of Jimmy's. After Alec's death and her return to Nonnatus House after taking time off to grieve, Jenny decides to begin working at the London Hospital in the Maternity Ward although she leaves soon after, not liking the hospital's policy of requiring impersonal relationships between nurses and their patients.
At the end of Series 3, she meets Phillip Worth (her future husband), the cousin of an expectant mother for whom she is caring and begins a relationship with him. She eventually decides to pursue a career change to care for those with terminal illnesses; she leaves Nonnatus House to work at the Marie Curie Hospital in Hampstead. It is shown in the Series 3 Christmas Special that she eventually married Phillip and started a family, and still kept in contact with the friends she made at Nonnatus House.
Camilla "Chummy" Noakes (née Fortescue-Cholmondeley-Browne)[edit]
Camilla "Chummy" Noakes
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Miranda Hart
Duration
2012–15
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 2
Last appearance
Series 4, Episode 8
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Midwife and nurse, Matron Aston Lodge
showFamily
Family
Peter Noakes (husband), Fred Noakes (son), Lady Browne (mother)
By the end of Series 1, after a string of dates she marries Police Constable Peter Noakes. After clinic, she swaps her nursing uniform for a scouting one, as Akela of the local Wolf Cubs whom she leads with Fred - a role later taken on by Patsy. In Series 2, Chummy applies for a place as a CMS missionary in Sierra Leone, Africa. She is accepted and she and Peter move to Africa for six months. Upon their return, Chummy reveals that she is pregnant, much to the delight of her fellow nurses. In the final episode of Series 2 Chummy goes into labour and, despite complications, she gives birth to a son, Fred. Chummy once stated that she had never been happier than when she was at Nonnatus House. In series 4 Chummy, Peter and Freddie move to Aston Lodge mother and baby home, where Chummy is employed as the temporary, replacement matron.
Sister Evangelina[edit]
Sister Evangelina
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Pam Ferris
Duration
2012–16
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Last appearance
Series 5, Episode 8
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nun, midwife and nurse
Sister Evangelina is the only one of the sisters who comes from the same tough, uncompromising background as the community they serve. Physically vigorous, she has a robust sense of humour. Her energy and drive make her extraordinarily effective at her job. However, she does not suffer fools gladly and her blunt speech and attitude often offend. She has a particularly contentious relationship with the aristocratic Sister Monica Joan, who often provokes her to breaking point. Growing up in poverty has toughened her up, making her a very comical character in the show.
Sister Evangelina knows a lot about the poverty and hardships in Poplar and often shares her insights with the young midwives. She is very close to Sister Julienne, to whom she often serves as a sounding board. In Series 3, it is revealed she has several siblings including an older brother who was killed on active service in a war and a younger brother, Vincent, who returns to her life after being absent for several years during her golden jubilee. It was seeing the birth of Vincent that inspired a young Sister Evangelina to become a nun during her formative years, a goal she achieved in 1909. In 1960 Sister Evangelina has to have an operation due to illness. Her pre-order name was Enid Atwood. In 1961, Sister Evangelina temporarily left Nonnatus House for an enclosed order. She returns in episode 7. She announces that she had a stroke 2 months after she left the convent and has now lost movement in her left arm. In episode 8, Sister Evangelina passes away following a second stroke.
Despite her gruff exterior and apparent lack of patience with others, she is deeply cherished and respected by not only her colleagues, but her Poplar community, a great many of whom she delivered—as evidenced by the masses who turned out to congratulate her on the occasion of her jubilee, and to pay their final respects two years later.
Sister Ursula[edit]
Sister Ursula
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Harriet Walter
Duration
2017
First appearance
Series 6, Episode 1
Last appearance
Series 6, Episode 4
Classification
Former; recurring
Profile
Occupation
Sister-in-charge, nun, midwife and nurse
Sister Ursula arrives to replace Sister Julienne when she went to South Africa, as the new sister in charge in 1962. She appears to have a strict running form when the staff return following their return, clashing with Shelagh over the way clinic is run and the behaviour of Sister Monica Joan. Patsy and Delia appear to be keen for her to return to the mother house. She orders Sister Mary Cynthia to return to the mother house, before being informed of her sexual assault. She returns to the mother house after she is deemed unfit to run Nonnatus House.
Sister Mary Cynthia[edit]
Sister Mary Cynthia
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Bryony Hannah
Duration
2012–17
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 1
Last appearance
Series 6, Episode 6
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Nurse, midwife; later nun (series 4-)
Nurse Cynthia Miller, like Trixie, is also a resident at Nonnatus House when Jenny arrives. She volunteers as a uniformed leader of the local Girls' Brigade.
Cynthia is the most sensitive of the young midwives, and gets very emotionally involved with some of her patients.
In Series 2, when a child she delivers dies, the people of Poplar suspect her of making a mistake that cost the baby its life. Cynthia begins to doubt her abilities, which takes a heavy toll on her work and health. She suffers a breakdown, but recovers with the help of Sister Julienne. An autopsy report confirms that the baby's death was due to lungs that never fully inflated. In the 2014 Christmas Special, Cynthia decides to become a postulant and leaves Nonnatus House for six months of training, promising Trixie and Patsy that she will return. In Series 4, Cynthia returns to Nonnatus House after her training is complete, having chosen the religious name of Sister Mary Cynthia. Though she now spends less time with her friends, she remains close to Trixie and ultimately convinces her to get help for her alcoholism. She is also close with Sister Winfred and Barbara.
In series 5 episode 6 Sister Mary Cynthia is violently attacked at the docks by a man. She thinks it is a test of faith but with the help of Sister Monica Joan, she goes to the police, and is able to return to her own quiet, kind religious self. But when Sister Ursula asks about her life vows, it becomes clear that the attack is still affecting her. In series 6, Sister Mary Cynthia is sent to the Mother House by Sister Ursula.
When Trixie returns to Poplar from South Africa, it is realised that Sister Mary Cynthia has gone missing from the Mother House. She is found in an asylum where she has been admitted as a patient, but it is apparent that she isn't getting the help she needs. Dr Turner and Sister Julienne work to get her discharged into their care, and send her to a community for mental health care. She reverts to her birth name Cynthia.
Peter Noakes[edit]
Peter Noakes
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Ben Caplan
Duration
2012–2017
First appearance
Series 1, Episode 2
Last appearance
Series 6, Episode 7
Introduced by
Jennifer Worth
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Police sergeant
Peter is a Police Constable, and later Sergeant, in Poplar. He is first introduced in Series 1, when he is run over by Chummy on her bicycle and takes an immediate shine to her. Throughout series 1, they go on a string of dates, eventually marrying in the series' final episode. In series 2, he follows Chummy to Sierra Leone while she fulfills her desire to be a missionary. In the final episode of that series, he and Chummy have a baby, whom they name Fred. During his service in the Second World War, he earned the 1939–1945 Star, Defence Medal, France and Germany Star, and War Medal 1939–1945, as shown on his uniform tunic.
Patience "Patsy" Mount[edit]
Patience "Patsy" Mount
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Emerald Fennell
Duration
2013–17
First appearance
Series 2, Episode 3
Last appearance
Series 6, Episode 8
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Midwife and nurse
Patsy is first seen in Series 2, episode 3, as a nurse in the male surgical ward at the London Hospital. She then appears in Series 3, Episode 5 as a new midwife. She is tall elegant and favours slightly tailored clothes and becoming the first midwife to wear trousers. She has a very brisk manner but later reveals that at the age of 9 that she and her mother and sister were sent to a Japanese war camp, and that she was the only one to survive of the three of them. Like Chummy before her, Patsy works with Fred as a leader of the local Wolf Cub Scouts; she recruits Delia to help teach first aid. It is then seen in Series 4 that she has a very close friendship with veteran Nurse Trixie and new Nurse Barbara. She is also quite close to Sister Mary Cynthia and Sister Winifred. Patsy is seen to have a very close and romantic relationship with female surgical Nurse Delia Busby, with whom she had previously worked at the London. They plan to move into a flat together at the end of Series 4, but their future is shattered when Delia is involved in a cycling accident and suffers a serious head injury which results in amnesia, leaving her with no memory of Patsy. The amnesia is only temporary however and Patsy and Delia are reunited in Series 5 when Delia accepts an offer from Sister Julienne to live at Nonnatus House. Later in Series 5 Patsy and Delia go to the Gateways Club, a private club for lesbians. It is revealed in the Series 5 finale that Patsy and Delia are going to Paris together in Spring 1962. She shares a room with Nurse Trixie, replacing Jenny Lee. Series 6, sees her temporarily leave Nonnatus House after learning her father is dying in Hong Kong. Delia is upset that she can't go with her as support, as she is training to be a midwife. Following her father's death Patsy seemed to drop all correspondence with Delia, and it looked like she wouldn't return to Nonnatus House, but she came back to London on the day of Tom and Barbara's wedding.
Delia Busby[edit]
Delia Busby
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Kate Lamb
Duration
2015–17
First appearance
Series 4, Episode 2
Last appearance
Series 6, Episode 8
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Staff nurse at the London (until 1961), trainee midwife, nurse, St John Ambulance volunteer
Originally from Wales, Delia is a very close friend of Patsy's, having worked together in the London Hospital's male surgical ward. She resides in the hospital's nurses home,[5] and volunteers evenings for St John Ambulance. In her St John capacity, she works with Patsy's and Fred's scouts, principally teaching them first aid. She is revealed to be in a romantic relationship with Patsy, but together they conceal their feelings due to society's view of homosexuality at the time. At the end of Series 4, just as the two of them have found a flat to share, she is involved in a cycling accident which leaves her with amnesia, leaving Patsy heartbroken. By the following Christmas, she has regained her memories of Patsy and their relationship, and at the start of Series 5, despite continued efforts from her mother to take her home to Wales, Delia accepts Sister Julienne's invitation to board at Nonnatus House when she returns to work at the London in the coming months. By the end of series 5, she appears to be quite close to Trixie and Barbara, and is delighted when Trixie confides in her that she attends Alcoholics Anonymous each week.
In the final episode of series five Busby considers additional training as a midwife after successfully talking a young mother through her delivery over the telephone earlier in the series. Busby undertakes training in the following series.
Barbara Hereward (neé Gilbert)[edit]
Barbara Hereward
Call The Midwife character
Portrayed by
Charlotte Ritchie
Duration
2015–2018
First appearance
Series 4, Episode 1
Last appearance
Series 7, Episode 7
Introduced by
Heidi Thomas
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Occupation
Midwife and nurse
showFamily
Father
Canon Arthur Gilbert
Sisters
Margaret
Husband
Tom Hereward (1962-1963)
Barbara Gilbert arrived in Poplar in the early 1960s still finding her feet in district nursing and midwifery. While she was educated and middle class, she was surprisingly in tune with the needs of the community she serves, having grown up the daughter of a Canon serving in an impoverished area of Liverpool. She was hard working, optimistic, and somewhat naïve. In addition to her nursing duties, she helped teach Sunday school at the local church. In series 5 she began a romantic relationship with Tom Hereward after they become close while working together in the parish. She was also quite close to her roommate, Nurse Phyllis Crane, who served as something of a surrogate mother figure to her much younger colleague. Tom asked her to marry him while they are out in South Africa after consulting with his former fiancée Trixie. They were married in a hurried wedding at the end of series 6, after Barbara learned that her father has accepted a three year missionary posting in New Guinea. In Series 7, Barbara dies after contracting meningococcal septicemia, leaving Tom, Nonnatus House and the rest of the Poplar community heartbroken and shattered.
Previous recurring characters[edit]
George Rainsford as James "Jimmy" Wilson (Series 1–2)
Jimmy is an old friend of Jenny's. In Series 1, Jimmy is madly in love with Jenny, even though she still pines for the married man, the reason she escaped to London. Jenny convinces Jimmy they are "just friends" and he stops pursuing her. In Series 2, the tables are turned when Jimmy returns, having graduated school and now working as a municipal surveyor/architect. Jenny sees Jimmy as a grown man for the first time which instantly turns her head, but unfortunately she discovers that Jimmy is engaged to pregnant Francine, whom Jenny met at the prenatal clinic. Jimmy and Francine marry and have a baby, Caroline.
Dorothy Atkinson as Jane Sutton (Series 2)
Jane is the medical orderly at Nonnatus House. She arrives to fill in for Chummy while she's in Africa. Jane is very shy and does not talk unless it is necessary. We later find out the reason for her being shy – her parents sent her to an asylum when she was young, leaving her with no self-esteem. Throughout the series, she grows in confidence and makes friends with her fellow nurses. She also finds love with Reverend Applebee-Thornton (Jason Watkins), a local Anglican priest. She does not return for Series 3, with a deleted scene from the 2013 Christmas special explaining that she has gone to nursing school.
Leo Staar as Alec Jesmond (Series 2–3)
Alec is a friend of Jimmy's who develops romantic feelings for Jenny. They eventually start dating after a long period in which Jenny continues to mourn her loss of Jimmy, but who encourages her to enjoy life and Alec. Alec and Jenny eventually date, but Jenny's abundant caution about affairs of the heart lead to a misunderstanding and argument. Castigating his co-worker in anger, Alec falls through an old staircase in the building they are renovating. In the hospital, his foot is amputated and he seems to be recovering. He later dies, thought to be because of a blood clot in his wounded leg, and his funeral is attended by a distraught Jenny and the other midwives and the nuns.
Cheryl Campbell as Lady Browne, Chummy's mother (Series 1, Series 3)
Lady Browne is Chummy's upper-class, snobby mother. She formerly lived in Madeira before she separated from Chummy's father. When she moved to Poplar she was diagnosed with TB and Cancer. In series 1 she was featured in the series finale before Chummy and Peter's wedding. She moved to Poplar in 1959 and was diagnosed with TB and cancer by Dr. Turner. She died peacefully in Chummy and Peter's bed in the series 3 finale.
Maxine Evans as Mrs. Busby, Delia's mother (Series 4–5)
Mrs. Busby is the mother of Delia Busby. Her first appearance was when Delia was in hospital with was the series finale of series 4, she was also seen in 1960 Christmas special, series 5, episode 1 and the series finale of series 5. She is still not happy that Delia has decided to stay in Poplar at the convent. She also seems not to accept her decision to become a midwife and doesn't really like Patsy. It is clear that, by the end of series 5, she is aware of Delia's and Patsy's sexual relationship and does not approve.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-04-08/we-finally-know-the-name-of-shelagh-and-dr-turners-newborn-son-in-call-the-midwife
Jump up ^ "BBC One - Call the Midwife, Series 6, Episode 2". BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
Jump up ^ He says in series 4 (set in 1960) that he has been struggling with the building's boiler for 15 years. This also impacts the continuity, as Nonnatus House had relocated to that building at the start of series 3, their former building having been rendered structurally unsound by a bomb blast on Christmas, 1958.
Jump up ^ As indicated by his corporal stripes.
Jump up ^ Delia's mother confirmed in episode 5.1 that the nurses' home was operated by the London Hospital until its demolition in late 1960 or early 1961.
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Resource-based view
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The resource-based view (RBV) is a managerial framework used to determine the strategic resources with the potential to deliver comparative advantage to a firm. These resources can be exploited by the firm in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
Barney's 1991 article "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage" is widely cited as a pivotal work in the emergence of the resource-based view. However, some scholars argue that there was evidence for a fragmentary resource-based theory from the 1930s. RBV proposes that firms are heterogeneous because they possess heterogeneous resources, meaning firms can have different strategies because they have different resource mixes.
The RBV focuses managerial attention on the firm's internal resources in an effort to identify those assets, capabilities and competencies with the potential to deliver superior competitive advantages.
Contents
1 Origins and background
2 Concept
3 Definitions
3.1 Resources
3.2 Capabilities
3.3 Competitive advantage
3.4 Classification of resources and capabilities
4 RBV and strategy formulation
5 Criticisms
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Origins and background[edit]
During the 1990s, the resource-based view (also known as the resource-advantage theory) of the firm became the dominant paradigm in strategic planning. RBV can be seen as a reaction against the positioning school and its somewhat prescriptive approach which focused managerial attention on external considerations, notably industry structure. The so-called positioning school had dominated the discipline throughout the 1980s. In contrast, the emergent resource-based view argued that the source of sustainable advantage derives from doing things in a superior manner; by developing superior capabilities and resources. Jay Barney's article, "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage" (1991), is seen as pivotal in the emergence of the resource-based view.[1]
A number of scholars point out that a fragmentary resource-based perspective was evident from the 1930s, noting that Barney was heavily influenced by Wernerfelt's earlier work which introduced the idea of resource position barriers being roughly analogous to entry barriers in the positioning school.[2][3] Other scholars suggest that the resource-based view represents a new paradigm, albeit with roots in "Ricardian and Penrosian economic theories according to which firms can earn sustainable supranormal returns if, and only if, they have superior resources and those resources are protected by some form of isolating mechanism precluding their diffusion throughout the industry."[4] While its exact influence is debated, Edith Penrose's 1959 book The Theory of the Growth of the Firm is held by two scholars of strategy to state many concepts that would later influence the modern, resource-based theory of the firm.[5]
The RBV is an interdisciplinary approach that represents a substantial shift in thinking.[6] The resource-based view is interdisciplinary in that it was developed within the disciplines of economics, ethics, law, management, marketing, supply chain management and general business.[7]
RBV focuses attention on an organisation's internal resources as a means of organising processes and obtaining a competitive advantage. Barney stated that for resources to hold potential as sources of sustainable competitive advantage, they should be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and not substitutable (now generally known as VRIN criteria).[8] The resource-based view suggests that organisations must develop unique, firm-specific core competencies that will allow them to outperform competitors by doing things differently.[1]
Although the literature presents many different ideas around the concept of the resource-advantage perspective, at its heart, the common theme is that the firm's resources are financial, legal, human, organisational, informational and relational; resources are heterogeneous and imperfectly mobile and that management's key task is to understand and organise resources for sustainable competitive advantage.[9] Key theorists who have contributed to the development of a coherent body of literature include Jay B. Barney, George S. Day, Gary Hamel, Shelby D. Hunt, G. Hooley and C.K. Prahalad.
Concept[edit]
Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage lies at the heart of much of the literature in both strategic management and strategic marketing.[6] The resource-based view offers strategists a means of evaluating potential factors that can be deployed to confer a competitive edge. A key insight arising from the resource-based view is that not all resources are of equal importance, nor possess the potential to become a source of sustainable competitive advantage.[6] The sustainability of any competitive advantage depends on the extent to which resources can be imitated or substituted.[10] Barney and others point out that understanding the causal relationship between the sources of advantage and successful strategies can be very difficult in practice.[11] Thus, a great deal of managerial effort must be invested in identifying, understanding and classifying core competencies. In addition, management must invest in organisational learning to develop, nurture and maintain key resources and competencies.
In the resource-based view, strategists select the strategy or competitive position that best exploits the internal resources and capabilities relative to external opportunities. Given that strategic resources represent a complex network of inter-related assets and capabilities, organisations can adopt many possible competitive positions. Although scholars debate the precise categories of competitive positions that are used, there is general agreement, within the literature, that the resource-based view is much more flexible than Porter's prescriptive approach to strategy formulation.[12][13][14]
The key managerial tasks are:
1) Identify the firm’s potential key resources.
2) Evaluate whether these resources fulfill the following criteria (also known as VRIN criteria:[15]
Valuable - they enable a firm to implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness.
Rare - not available to other competitors.
Imperfectly imitable - not easily implemented by others.
Non-substitutable - not able to be replaced by some other non-rare resource.
3) Develop, nurture and protect resources that pass these evaluations.
Definitions[edit]
Given the centrality of resources in terms of conferring competitive advantage, the management and marketing literature carefully defines and classifies resources and capabilities.
Resources[edit]
Barney defines firm resources as: "all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc. controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness” [16]
Capabilities[edit]
Capabilities are “a special type of resource, specifically an organizationally embedded non-transferable firm-specific resource whose purpose is to improve the productivity of the other resources possessed by the firm.” [17]
Competitive advantage[edit]
Barney defined a competitive advantage as "when [a firm] is able to implement a “value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors.”[18]
Classification of resources and capabilities[edit]
Firm-based resources may be tangible or intangible.
Tangible resources include: physical assets such as financial resources and human resources including real estate, raw materials machinery, plant, inventory, brands, patents and trademarks and cash.[19]
Intangible resources may be embedded in organisational routines or practices such as an organization's reputation, culture, knowledge or know-how, accumulated experience, relationships with customers, suppliers or other key stakeholders.[20]
RBV and strategy formulation[edit]
Firms in possession of a resource, or mix of resources that are rare among competitors, are said to have a comparative advantage. This comparative advantage enables firms to produce marketing offerings that are either (a) perceived as having superior value or (b) can be produced at lower costs. Therefore, a comparative advantage in resources can lead to a competitive advantage in market position.[21]
In the resource-based view, strategists select the strategy or competitive position that best exploits the internal resources and capabilities relative to external opportunities. Given that strategic resources represent a complex network of inter-related assets and capabilities, organisations can adopt many possible competitive positions. Although scholars debate the precise categories of competitive positions that are used, there is general agreement, within the literature, that the resource-based view is much more flexible than Porter's prescriptive approach to strategy formulation. Hooley et al. suggest the following classification of competitive positions:[22]
Price positioning
Quality positioning
Innovation positioning
Service positioning
Benefit positioning
Tailored positioning (one-to-one marketing)
Criticisms[edit]
A number of criticisms of RBV have been widely cited,[23] and are as follows:
The RBV is tautological[24]
Different resource configurations can generate the same value for firms and thus would not be competitive advantage[citation needed]
The role of product markets is underdeveloped in the argument [25]
The theory has limited prescriptive implications.[2]
Other criticisms include:
The failure to consider factors surrounding resources; that is, an assumption that they simply exist, rather than a critical investigation of how key capabilities are acquired or developed.[26]
It is perhaps difficult (if not impossible) to find a resource which satisfies all of Barney's VRIN criteria.
An assumption that a firm can be profitable in a highly competitive market as long as it can exploit advantageous resources does not always hold true. It ignores external factors concerning the industry as a whole; Porter’s Industry Structure Analysis ought also be considered.[27]
See also[edit]
Core competencies
Marketing strategy
Porter's Five Forces
Strategic management
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Prahalad, C. K.; Hamel, G. "The Core Competence of the Corporation". Harvard Business Review. 68 (3): 79–91.
^ Jump up to: a b Priem, R. L.; Butler, J. "Is the Resource-Based 'View' a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?". Academy of Management Review. 26 (1): 20–40. doi:10.5465/amr.2001.4011928.
Jump up ^ Mahoney, J.T.; Pandian, J.R. "The Resource-Based View Within the Conversation of Strategic Management". Strategic Management Journal. 15 (5): 363–380. doi:10.1002/smj.4250130505.
Jump up ^ Lewis, A. and Kipley, D., "Resource-Based View," in: Matthew R. Marvel (ed), Encyclopedia of New Venture Management, Sage Publications, 2012, p. 397, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452218571.n158
Jump up ^ Edith Penrose's (1959) "Contributions to the Resource-based View of Strategic Management", Yasemin Y. Kor and Joseph T. Mahoney, Journal of Management Studies 41:1 January 2004 0022-2380 http://www.business.illinois.edu/josephm/Publications/jms_kor%20and%20mahoney%20(2004).pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c Fahy, J and Smithee, A. "Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Review, Vol. 1999, 10, online at http://www.amsreview.org/articles/fahy10-1999.pdf or https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/025b/5aa7e682f4cbf1d7637a0bbe51a2a0d602e7.pdf
Jump up ^ Hunt, S.D., "A General Theory of Business Marketing: R-A theory, Alderson, the ISBM Framework and the IMP Theoretical Structure," Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 41, 2013, pp 283-293
Jump up ^ Barney, J. B., "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp. 99–120
Jump up ^ Makadok, R., "Toward a Synthesis of the Resource-Based View and Dynamic-Capability Views of Rent Creation," Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, 2001, pp 387-401; Hunt, D. S. and Derozier, C., "The Normative Imperatives of Business and Marketing Strategy: Grounding Strategy in Resource-Advantage View," Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2004, pp. 5–22
Jump up ^ Lowson, R., "The Nature of Operations Strategy: Combining Strategic Decisions from an Operations and Market based Perspective," Management Decision, Vol. 41, No, 6, pp. 538–49
Jump up ^ Barney, J. B., "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage," Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp. 108–09; Barney uses the term "causally ambiguous" which he describes as a situation when "the link between the resources controlled by the firm and the firm's sustained competitive advantage is not understood or understood only very imperfectly."
Jump up ^ Day, G.S.; Wensley, R. (1988). "Assessing Advantage: A Framework for Diagnosing Competitive Superiority". Journal of Marketing. 52: 1–26. doi:10.2307/1251261.
Jump up ^ Day, G. S. (1994). "The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations". Journal of Marketing. 58: 37–52. doi:10.2307/1251915.
Jump up ^ Hooley, G. J.; Greenley, G. E.; Fahy, J.; Cadogan, J. W. (2001). "Market-focused Resources, Competitive Positioning and Firm Performance". Journal of Marketing Management. 17 (5–6): 503–520. doi:10.1362/026725701323366908.
Jump up ^ Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G., "The Core Competence of the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 79–91; Barney, J. B., "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage," Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp. 99–120
Jump up ^ Barney, J.B. (2001). "Is the Resource-Based "View" a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?". Academy of Management Review. 26 (1): 101. doi:10.5465/AMR.2001.4011938.
Jump up ^ Makadok, R., "Toward a Synthesis of the Resource-Based View and Dynamic-Capability Views of Rent Creation," Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, 2001, No. 5, pp. 387–401
Jump up ^ Barney, J.B. (2001). "Is the Resource-Based "View" a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?". Academy of Management Review. 26 (1): 102. doi:10.5465/AMR.2001.4011938.
Jump up ^ Andriessen, D., Making Sense of Intellectual Capital: Designing a Method for the Valuation of Intangibles, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, 2004
Jump up ^ Lev, B., Intangibles: Management, Measurement, and Reporting, Brookings Institution Press, Washington,, 2001
Jump up ^ Hunt, S.D. and Morgan, R.M., "The Comparative Advantage of the Firm," Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59, April, 1995, pp 1-15
Jump up ^ Hooley, G., Broderick, A. and Moller, K., "Competitive Positioning and the Resource-Based View of the Firm," Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 6, 1998, pp. 97–115
Jump up ^ Barney, J.B. (2001). "Is the Resource-Based "View" a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?". Academy of Management Review. 26 (1): 41–56. doi:10.5465/AMR.2001.4011938.
Jump up ^ Collis, D. J. "Research Note: How Valuable Are Organizational Capabilities?". Strategic Management Journal. 1994: 143–152. doi:10.1002/smj.4250150910. ; Priem, R.L.; Butler, J.E. "Tautology in the Resource-Based View and Implications of Externally Determined Resource Value: Further Comments". Academy of Management Review. 26 (1): 57–66. doi:10.5465/amr.2001.4011946.
Jump up ^ Priem, R.L.; Butler, J.E. "Is the Resource-Based Theory a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?". Academy of Management Review. 26 (1): 22–40. doi:10.5465/amr.2001.4011928.
Jump up ^ Stinchcombe, A.L., "On Equilibrium, Organizational Form, and Competitive Strategy, in Joel A.C. Baum, Frank Dobbin (eds), Economics Meets Sociology in Strategic Management (Advances in Strategic Management), Volume 17, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp 271 - 284
Jump up ^ Rumelt, R. P., "How Much does Industry Matter?" Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1991, pp. 167-185
Further reading[edit]
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). "The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-based View". Strategic Management Journal. 14 (3): 179–191. doi:10.1002/smj.4250140303.
Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York, NY: Free Press
Teece, D.; Pisano, G.; Shuen, A. (1997). "Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management". Strategic Management Journal. 18 (7): 509–533. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::aid-smj882>3.0.co;2-z.
Wernerfelt, B (1984). "A Resource-based View of the Firm". Strategic Management Journal. 5: 171–180. doi:10.1002/smj.4250050207.
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