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Article Five of the United States Constitution
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Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures.[1] To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either—as determined by Congress—the legislatures of three-quarters of the states or state ratifying conventions in three-quarters of the states.[2] The vote of each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union.
Additionally, Article V temporarily shielded certain clauses in Article I from being amended. The first clause in Section 9, which prevented Congress from passing any law that would restrict the importation of slaves prior to 1808, and the fourth clause in that same section, a declaration that direct taxes must be apportioned according to state populations, were explicitly shielded from Constitutional amendment prior to 1808. It also shields the first clause of Article I, Section 3, which provides for equal representation of the states in the Senate, from being amended, though not absolutely.
Contents
[hide]
1 Text
2 Procedures for amending the Constitution
2.1 Proposing amendments
2.2 Ratification of amendments
3 Ratification deadline and extension
3.1 Deadlines
3.2 Extensions
4 Exclusive means for amending the Constitution
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Text[edit]
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.[3]
Procedures for amending the Constitution[edit]
The U.S. constitutional amendment process
Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been approved by the Congress and sent to the states for ratification. Twenty-seven of these amendments have been ratified and are now part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states and are not part of the Constitution. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by its own terms, and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it. All totaled, approximately 11,539 measures to amend the Constitution have been proposed in Congress since 1789 (through December 16, 2014).[4]
Proposing amendments[edit]
Article V provides two methods for amending the nation's frame of government. The first method authorizes Congress, "whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary" (a two-thirds of those members present—assuming that a quorum exists at the time that the vote is cast—and not necessarily a two-thirds vote of the entire membership elected and serving in the two houses of Congress), to propose Constitutional amendments. The second method requires Congress, "on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states" (presently 34), to "call a convention for proposing amendments".[5]
When the 1st Congress considered a series of constitutional amendments, it was suggested that the two houses first adopt a resolution indicating that they deemed amendments necessary. This procedure was not used. Instead, both the House and the Senate proceeded directly to consideration of a joint resolution, thereby implying that both bodies deemed amendments to be necessary. Also, when initially proposed by James Madison, the amendments were designed to be interwoven into the relevant sections of the original document.[6] Instead, they were approved by Congress and sent to the states for ratification as supplemental additions (codicils) appended to it. Both these precedents have been followed ever since.[7]
Regarding the amendment process crafted during the 1787 Constitutional Convention, Madison, in The Federalist No. 43, wrote:
It guards equally against that extreme facility which would render the Constitution too mutable; and that extreme difficulty which might perpetuate its discovered faults. It moreover equally enables the General and the State Governments to originate the amendment of errors, as they may be pointed out by the experience on one side, or on the other.[6][8]
Resolution proposing the Nineteenth Amendment
Each time the amendment process has been initiated since 1789, the first method has been used. All 33 amendments submitted to the states for ratification originated in the Congress. The second method, the convention option, which Alexander Hamilton (writing in The Federalist No. 85) believed would serve as a barrier "against the encroachments of the national authority",[8] has yet to be successfully invoked, although not for lack of activity in the states.
Three times in the 20th century, concerted efforts were undertaken by proponents of particular amendments to secure the number of applications necessary to summon an Article V Convention. These included conventions to consider amendments to (1) provide for popular election of U.S. Senators; (2) permit the states to include factors other than equality of population in drawing state legislative district boundaries; and (3) to propose an amendment requiring the U.S. budget to be balanced under most circumstances. The campaign for a popularly elected Senate is frequently credited with "prodding" the Senate to join the House of Representatives in proposing what became the Seventeenth Amendment to the states in 1912, while the latter two campaigns came very close to meeting the two-thirds threshold in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively.[5][9]
Further information: Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution and Second Constitutional Convention of the United States
Once approved by Congress, the joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment does not require Presidential approval before it goes out to the states. While Article I Section 7 provides that all federal legislation must, before becoming Law, be presented to the President for his or her signature or veto, Article V provides no such requirement for constitutional amendments approved by Congress, or by a federal convention. Thus the president has no official function in the process.[a][b] In Hollingsworth v. Virginia (1798), the Supreme Court affirmed that it is not necessary to place constitutional amendments before the President for approval or veto.[7]
Ratification of amendments[edit]
Tennessee certificate of ratification of the nineteenth Amendment; with this ratification, the amendment became valid as a part of the Constitution
After being officially proposed, either by Congress or a national convention of the states, a constitutional amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of the states. Congress is authorized to choose whether a proposed amendment is sent to the state legislatures or to state ratifying conventions for ratification. Amendments ratified by the states under either procedure are indistinguishable and have equal force as part of the Constitution. Of the 33 amendments submitted to the states for ratification, the state convention method has been used for only one, the Twenty-first Amendment, which became part of the Constitution in 1933.[5] This was also one of only four times that Congress has placed the mode of ratification in the body of an amendment rather than in accompanying legislation; the others being the Eighteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-second Amendments.[12] In United States v. Sprague (1931), the Supreme Court affirmed the authority of Congress to decide how each individual constitutional amendment is ratified, in accordance with the options provided in Article V and the equal validity of amendments properly ratified in either fashion. The Court had earlier, in Hawke v. Smith (1920), ruled the ratification of the proposed Nineteenth Amendment (which Congress had sent to the state legislatures for ratification) by the Legislature of Ohio could not be referred to the electors (voters) of the state, and that the Ohio Constitution, in requiring such a referendum, was inconsistent with the U.S. Constitution.
An amendment becomes an operative part of the Constitution when it is ratified by the necessary number of states, rather than on the later date when its ratification is certified.[13] No further action by Congress or anyone is required. On three occasions, Congress has, after being informed that an amendment has reached the ratification threshold, adopted a resolution declaring the process successfully completed.[c][14] Such actions, while perhaps important for political reasons, are, constitutionally speaking, unnecessary.
Presently, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S. Code § 106b. The Archivist officially notifies the states, by a registered letter to each state's Governor, that an amendment has been proposed.[15] Each Governor then formally submits the amendment to their state's legislature (or ratifying convention). When a state ratifies a proposed amendment, it sends the Archivist an original or certified copy of the state's action. Upon receiving the necessary number of state ratifications, it is the duty of the Archivist to issue a certificate proclaiming a particular amendment duly ratified and part of the Constitution.[d] The amendment and its certificate of ratification are then published in the Federal Register and United States Statutes at Large. This serves as official notice to Congress and to the nation that the ratification process has been successfully completed.[1]
Ratification deadline and extension[edit]
The Constitution is silent on the issue of whether or not Congress may limit the length of time that the states have to ratify constitutional amendments sent for their consideration. It is also silent on the issue of whether or not Congress, once it has sent an amendment that includes a ratification deadline to the states for their consideration, can extend that deadline.
Deadlines[edit]
The practice of limiting the time available to the states to ratify proposed amendments began in 1917 with the Eighteenth Amendment. All amendments proposed since then, with the exception of the Nineteenth Amendment and the (still pending) Child Labor Amendment, have included a deadline, either in the body of the proposed amendment, or in the joint resolution transmitting it to the states.[e] The ratification deadline "clock" begins running on the day final action is completed in Congress. An amendment may be ratified at any time after final congressional action, even if the states have not yet been officially notified.[15]
In Dillon v. Gloss (1921), the Supreme Court upheld Congress's power to prescribe time limitations for state ratifications and intimated that clearly out of date proposals were no longer open for ratification. Granting that it found nothing express in Article V relating to time constraints, the Court yet allowed that it found intimated in the amending process a "strongly suggest[ive]" argument that proposed amendments are not open to ratification for all time or by States acting at widely separate times.[17] The court subsequently, in Coleman v. Miller (1939), modified its opinion considerably. In that case, related to the proposed Child Labor Amendment, it held that the question of timeliness of ratification is a political and non-justiciable one, leaving the issue to Congress's discretion. It would appear that the length of time elapsing between proposal and ratification is irrelevant to the validity of the amendment. Based upon this precedent, the Archivist of the United States proclaimed the Twenty-seventh Amendment as having been ratified when it surpassed the "three fourths of the several states" plateau for becoming a part of the Constitution. Declared ratified on May 7, 1992, it had been submitted to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789, an unprecedented time period of 202 years, 7 months and 12 days.[15]
Extensions[edit]
Whether once it has prescribed a ratification period Congress may extend the period without necessitating action by already-ratified States embroiled Congress, the states, and the courts in argument with respect to the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (Sent to the states on March 22, 1972 with a seven-year ratification time limit attached). In 1978 Congress, by simple majority vote in both houses, extended the original deadline by 3 years, 3 months and 8 days (through June 30, 1982).
The amendment's proponents argued that the fixing of a time limit and the extending of it were powers committed exclusively to Congress under the political question doctrine and that in any event Congress had power to extend. It was argued that inasmuch as the fixing of a reasonable time was within Congress' power and that Congress could fix the time either in advance or at some later point, based upon its evaluation of the social and other bases of the necessities of the amendment, Congress did not do violence to the Constitution when, once having fixed the time, it subsequently extended the time. Proponents recognized that if the time limit was fixed in the text of the amendment Congress could not alter it because the time limit as well as the substantive provisions of the proposal had been subject to ratification by a number of States, making it unalterable by Congress except through the amending process again. Opponents argued that Congress, having by a two-thirds vote sent the amendment and its authorizing resolution to the states, had put the matter beyond changing by passage of a simple resolution, that states had either acted upon the entire package or at least that they had or could have acted affirmatively upon the promise of Congress that if the amendment had not been ratified within the prescribed period it would expire and their assent would not be compelled for longer than they had intended.[17]
In 1981, the United States District Court for the District of Idaho, however, found that Congress did not have the authority to extend the deadline, even when only contained within the proposing joint resolution's resolving clause.[18] The Supreme Court had decided to take up the case, bypassing the Court of Appeals,[19] but before they could hear the case, the extended period granted by Congress had been exhausted without the necessary number of states, thus rendering the case moot.[20]
Exclusive means for amending the Constitution[edit]
According to constitutional theorist and scholar Lawrence G. Sager, some commentators have seriously questioned whether Article V is the exclusive means of amending the Constitution, or whether there are routes to amendment, including some routes in which the Constitution could be unconsciously or unwittingly amended in a period of sustained political activity on the part of a mobilized national constituency.[21] For example, Akhil Amar argues that the Constitution may be constitutionally amended outside of Article V. He rejects the notion that Article V excludes other modes of constitutional change, arguing instead that the procedure provided for in Article V is simply the exclusive method the government may use to amend the Constitution. He asserts that Article V nowhere prevents the People themselves, acting apart from ordinary Government, from exercising their legal right to alter or abolish Government via the proper legal procedures.[22] Bruce Ackerman argues that the Constitution can be amended by something he calls a "structural amendment" whereby the people alter their Constitutional order via succeeding elections.[23][page needed] Similarly, Sanford Levinson believes that Constitutional amendments have been made outside of Article V and as such it is not exclusive.[24][page needed]
Other scholars disagree with Amar, Ackerman, and Levinson. Some argue that the Constitution itself provides no mechanism for the American people to adopt constitutional amendments independently of Article V.[25] Darren Patrick Guerra has argued that Article V is a vital part of the American Constitutional tradition and he defends Article V against modern critiques that Article V is either too difficult, too undemocratic, or too formal. Instead he argues that Article V provides a clear and stable way of amending the document that is explicit, authentic, and the exclusive means of amendment; it promotes wisdom and justice through enhancing deliberation and prudence; and its process complements federalism and separation of powers that are key features of the Constitution. He argues that Article V remains the most clear and powerful way to register the sovereign desires of the American public with regard to alterations of their fundamental law. In the end, Article V is an essential bulwark to maintaining a written Constitution that secures the rights of the people against both elites and themselves.[26][page needed]
In his farewell address, President George Washington said:[27]
If in the opinion of the People the distribution or modification of the Constitutional powers be in any particular wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way which the Constitution designates. But let there be no change by usurpation; for though this, in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance in permanent evil any partial or transient benefit which the use can at any time yield.
This statement by Washington has become controversial, and scholars[which?] disagree about whether it still describes the proper constitutional order in the United States.[28] Scholars[which?] who dismiss Washington's position often argue that the Constitution itself was adopted without following the procedures in the Articles of Confederation,[29] while Constitutional attorney Michael Farris disagrees, saying the Convention was a product of the States' residual power, and the amendment in adoption process was legal, having received the unanimous assent of the States' legislatures.[30]
See also[edit]
List of amendments to the United States Constitution
List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution
List of state applications for an Article V Convention
List of Rescissions of Article V Convention Applications
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ On March 2, 1861 the 36th Congress gave final approval to proposed constitutional amendment designed to shield "domestic institutions" (which at the time included slavery) from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress. The following day, on his last full day in office, President Buchanan, took the unprecedented step of signing it. Submitted to the state legislatures for ratification without a time limit for ratification attached, the proposal, commonly known as the Corwin Amendment, is still technically pending before the states.[10]
Jump up ^ On January 31, 1865, the 38th Congress gave final approval to what would become the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The following day, the amendment was presented to the President Lincoln pursuant to the constitution’s Presentment Clause, and signed. On February 7, Congress passed a resolution affirming that the Presidential signature was unnecessary.[11]
Jump up ^ 1868 regarding the Fourteenth Amendment, 1870 regarding the Fifteenth Amendment, and 1992 regarding the Twenty-seventh Amendment
Jump up ^ In recent history, the signing of the certificate of ratification has become a ceremonial function attended by various dignitaries. President Johnson signed the certifications for the Twenty-fourth Amendment and Twenty-fifth Amendment as a witness. When the Administrator of General Services, Robert Kunzig, certified the adoption of the Twenty-sixth Amendment on July 5, 1971, President Nixon along with Julianne Jones, Joseph W. Loyd Jr., and Paul Larimer of the "Young Americans in Concert" signed as witnesses. On May 18, 1992, the Archivist of the United States, Don W. Wilson, certified that the Twenty-seventh Amendment had been ratified, and the Director of the Federal Register, Martha Girard, signed the certification as a witness.[1][16]
Jump up ^ Congress incorporated the ratification deadline for the Eighteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second Amendments into the body of the amendment, so these amendments' deadlines are now part of the Constitution. The failed District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment also contained a ratification deadline clause. Congress incorporated the ratification deadline for the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Amendments into the joint resolutions transmitting them to the state legislatures in order to avoid including extraneous language in the Constitution. This practice was also followed for the failed Equal Rights Amendment.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Constitutional Amendment Process". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wines, Michael (August 22, 2016). "Inside the Conservative Push for States to Amend the Constitution". NYT. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of the United States: Article V". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Measures Proposed to Amend the Constitution". Statistics & Lists. United States Senate.
^ Jump up to: a b c Neale, Thomas H. (April 11, 2014). "The Article V Convention to Propose Constitutional Amendments: Contemporary Issues for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b England, Trent & Spalding, Matthew. "Essays on Article V: Amendments". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Centennial Edition, Interim Edition: Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 26, 2013" (PDF). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2013. pp. 987–1001. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Sen. David Long "Amending the U.S. Constitution by State-Led Convention"
Jump up ^ Rossum, Ralph A. (2001). Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment: The Irony of Constitutional Democracy. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 207. ISBN 0-7391-0285-0. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Tsesis, Alexander (2004). The Thirteenth Amendment and American Freedom: A Legal History. New York: New York University Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-8147-8276-0.
Jump up ^ Thorpe, Francis Newton (1901). "The Constitutional History of the United States, vol. 3: 1861–1895". Chicago: Callaghan & Company. p. 154.
Jump up ^ Vile, John R. Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789–2002 (Second ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc. p. 373. ISBN 1851094334. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Cornell University Law School. "Dillon v. Gloss". law.cornell.edu.
Jump up ^ Neale, Thomas H. "The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: Contemporary Ratification Issues" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Congressional Research Service reports. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3068&st=&st1= Richard Nixon: "Remarks at a Ceremony Marking the Certification of the 26th Amendment to the Constitution," July 5, 1971. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.
^ Jump up to: a b "Authentication and Proclamation: Proposing a Constitutional Amendment". Justia.com.
Jump up ^ Idaho v. Freeman, 529 F. Supp. 1107 (D. Idaho 1981).
Jump up ^ Certiorari before judgment granted, NOW v. Idaho, 455 U.S. 918 (1982).
Jump up ^ Judgments of the District Court of Idaho vacated; cases remanded with instructions to dismiss as moot. NOW v. Idaho, 459 U.S. 809 (1982).
Jump up ^ Sager, Lawrence (2006). Justice in Plainclothes: A Theory of American Constitutional Practice. Yale University Press. p. 82.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Scott J. (2004). "Wild Political Dreaming: Constitutional Reformation of the United States Senate". Fordham Law Review. 72 (4): 1026–27. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ackerman, Bruce A. (1993). We the People, Volume 1: Foundations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674948419 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Levinson, Sanford (1995). Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 1400821630 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Manheim, Karl and Howard, Edward. A Structural Theory of the Initiative Power in California, Loyola Los Angeles Law Review, p. 1167 (1998).
Jump up ^ Guerra, Darren Patrick (2013). Perfecting the Constitution: The Case for the Article V Amendment Process. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739183861 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Washington, George. "Farewell Address" (1796).
Jump up ^ Strauss, David. "The Irrelevance of Constitutional Amendments," 114 Harvard Law Review 1457 (2001).
Jump up ^ Fritz, Christian. "Fallacies of American Constitutionalism", Rutgers Law Journal, p. 1343 (2004).
Jump up ^ Farris, Michael. "Can we Trust the Constitution? Answering the "Runaway Convention" Myth". Convention of States Project. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
External links[edit]
U.S. Government Printing Office (2013) The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation
CRS Annotated Constitution: Article 5
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List of Indian Premier League awards
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The article lists all the awards of the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 cricket competition based in India. The tournament honours players with several awards at the end of the every season. They are Orange Cap, Purple Cap, Maximum Sixes Award, Most Valuable Player and Emerging Player of the Year.
Contents
1 Orange Cap
2 Purple Cap
3 Maximum Sixes Award
4 Most Valuable Player
5 Player of the match (final)
6 Emerging player of the year
7 Fair Play Award
8 See also
9 References
Orange Cap[edit]
The Orange Cap is an annual cricket award presented to the leading run scorer in the Indian Premier League.[1][2] It was introduced on 25 April 2008, a week after the start of the inaugural season of the IPL. The batsman with most runs in the tournament during the course of the season would wear the Orange Cap while fielding, with the overall leading run-scorer at the conclusion of the tournament winning the actual Orange Cap award on the day of the season's final. Brendon McCullum became the first player to wear the Orange Cap,[2] and Shaun Marsh became the first winner of the award.
The then IPL chairman and commissioner Lalit Modi said of the initiative, "Cricket is often remembered and recorded as statistics and not by material distinctions. The DLF Indian Premier League will create a distinction for the best performing batsman, which will be cherished and valued by each player through this initiative. The purpose of this initiative is to be innovative, create another unique piece of history that sets the DLF Indian Premier League apart from the crowd, and to reward outstanding achievements by the players."[2]
Winners
Season
Player[1]
Mat
Runs
Ref
2008 Shaun Marsh (KXIP) 11 616 [3]
2009 Matthew Hayden (CSK) 12 572 [4]
2010 Sachin Tendulkar (MI) 15 618 [5]
2011 Chris Gayle (RCB) 12 608 [6]
2012 Chris Gayle (RCB) 15 733 [7]
2013 Michael Hussey (CSK) 16 733 [8]
2014 Robin Uthappa (KKR) 16 660 [9]
2015 David Warner (SRH) 14 562 [10]
2016 Virat Kohli (RCB) 16 973 [11]
2017 David Warner (SRH) 14 641 [12]
2018 Kane Williamson (SRH) 17 735 [13]
indicates the player captained his team for the season.
Purple Cap[edit]
The Purple Cap is an annual cricket award presented to the leading wicket-taker in the Indian Premier League.[14][15] After the introduction of Orange Cap on 25 April 2008, the Indian Premier League announced the introduction of the Purple Cap on 13 May 2008. The bowler with most wickets in the tournament during the course of the season would wear the Purple Cap while fielding, with the overall leading wicket-taker at the conclusion of the tournament winning the actual Purple Cap award on the day of the season's final. In case of a tie, the bowler with superior economy rate would hold the Purple Cap.[16]
The then IPL chairman and commissioner Lalit Modi said of the initiative, "We have seen over the course of the inaugural season of the League so far that bowlers have just as important a role to play in winning T20 matches as batsmen do.”[16]
Winners
Season
Player[14]
Mat
Wkts
Ref
2008 Sohail Tanvir (RR) 11 22 [17]
2009 R. P. Singh (DC) 16 23 [18]
2010 Pragyan Ojha (DC) 16 21 [19]
2011 Lasith Malinga (MI) 16 28 [20]
2012 Morne Morkel (DD) 16 25 [21]
2013 Dwayne Bravo (CSK) 18 32 [22]
2014 Mohit Sharma (CSK) 16 23 [23]
2015 Dwayne Bravo (CSK) 16 24 [24]
2016 Bhuvneshwar Kumar (SRH) 17 23 [25]
2017 Bhuvneshwar Kumar (SRH) 14 26 [26]
2018 Andrew Tye (KXIP) 14 24 [27]
Maximum Sixes Award[edit]
The Maximum Sixes Award is an annual cricket award presented to the batsman who hits the most sixes in the Indian Premier League.[28]
Winners
Season
Player
Mat
Sixes
Ref
2008 Sanath Jayasuriya (MI) 14 31 [29]
2009 Adam Gilchrist (DC) 16 29 [30]
2010 Robin Uthappa (RCB) 16 27 [31]
2011 Chris Gayle (RCB) 12 44 [32]
2012 Chris Gayle (RCB) 15 59 [33]
2013 Chris Gayle (RCB) 16 51 [34]
2014 Glenn Maxwell (KXIP) 16 36 [35]
2015 Chris Gayle (RCB) 14 38 [36]
2016 Virat Kohli (RCB) 16 38 [37]
2017 Glenn Maxwell (KXIP) 14 26 [38]
2018 Rishabh Pant (DD) 14 37 [39]
Most Valuable Player[edit]
The award was called the "man of the tournament" till the 2012 season. The IPL introduced the Most Valuable Player rating system in 2013, the leader of which would be named the "Most Valuable Player" at the end of the season.
Winners
Season
Player
Ref
2008 Shane Watson (RR) [40]
2009 Adam Gilchrist (DC) [41]
2010 Sachin Tendulkar (MI) [42]
2011 Chris Gayle (RCB) [43]
2012 Sunil Narine (KKR) [44]
2013 Shane Watson (RR) [45]
2014 Glenn Maxwell (KXIP) [46]
2015 Andre Russell (KKR) [47]
2016 Virat Kohli (RCB) [48]
2017 Ben Stokes (RPS) [49]
2018 Sunil Narine (KKR) [50]
Player of the match (final)[edit]
Winners
Season
Player of the match
Ref
2008 Yusuf Pathan (RR) [40]
2009 Anil Kumble (RCB) [41]
2010 Suresh Raina (CSK) [42]
2011 Murali Vijay (CSK) [43]
2012 Manvinder Bisla (KKR) [44]
2013 Kieron Pollard (MI) [45]
2014 Manish Pandey (KKR) [46]
2015 Rohit Sharma (MI) [47]
2016 Ben Cutting (SRH) [48]
2017 Krunal Pandya (MI) [49]
2018 Shane Watson (CSK) [50]
Emerging player of the year[edit]
The award was presented for the "best under-19 player" in 2008 and "best under-23 player" in 2009 and 2010, being called "Under-23 Success of the Tournament". In 2011 and 2012, the award was known as "Rising Star of the Year", while, in 2013, it was called "Best Young Player of the Season". Since 2014, the award has been called the "Emerging Player of the Year."
Winners
Season
Player
Ref
2008 Shreevats Goswami (RCB) [40]
2009 Rohit Sharma (DC) [41]
2010 Saurabh Tiwary (MI) [42]
2011 Iqbal Abdulla (KKR) [43]
2012 Mandeep Singh (KXIP) [44]
2013 Sanju Samson (RR) [45]
2014 Axar Patel (KXIP) [46]
2015 Shreyas Iyer (DD) [47]
2016 Mustafizur Rahman (SRH) [48]
2017 Basil Thampi (GL) [49]
2018 Rishabh Pant (DD) [50]
Fair Play Award[edit]
The Fair Play Award is given after each season to the team with the best record of fair play.[51] The winner is decided on the basis of the points the umpires give to the teams.[51] After each match, the two on-field umpires, and the third umpire, scores the performance of both the teams. A team can be awarded a total of ten points per match, out of which four points are given on the basis of how the team has adhered to the "spirit of the game" in the opinion of the umpires. The other three criteria are based on the respect towards to the opposition, the laws of cricket and the umpires. Each of these three criteria represents 2 points. If a team has got two points in the criterion, its performance is considered as "good", whereas getting one or zero points indicates that its performance is "average" or "bad" respectively.[51]
Winners
Season
Team
2008 Chennai Super Kings
2009 Kings XI Punjab
2010 Chennai Super Kings
2011 Chennai Super Kings
2012 Rajasthan Royals
2013 Chennai Super Kings
2014 Chennai Super Kings
2015 Chennai Super Kings
2016 Sunrisers Hyderabad
2017 Gujarat Lions
2018 Mumbai Indians
See also[edit]
List of Indian Premier League centuries
List of Indian Premier League records and statistics
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "IPL Stats".
^ Jump up to: a b c "IPL introduces 'Orange Cap' award". thatscricket.com. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2008". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2009". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2010". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2011". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2012". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2013". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2014". iplt20. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2015". iplt20. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most runs-2016". iplt20. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cricket Records | Indian Premier League, 2017 | Records | Most runs | ESPN Cricinfo". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Cricket Records | Indian Premier League, 2018 | Records | Most runs | ESPN Cricinfo". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
^ Jump up to: a b "IPL Stats".
Jump up ^ "Warner takes Orange cap, Bravo wins race for Purple cap".
^ Jump up to: a b "Purple Cap for bowlers". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2008". iplt20. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2009". iplt20. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2010". iplt20. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2011". iplt20. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2012". iplt20. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2013". iplt20. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2014". iplt20. Retrieved 1 Jun 2014.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2015". iplt20. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2016". iplt20. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2017". iplt20. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Most wickets-2018". iplt20. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "IPL Stats".
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2008". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2009". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2010". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2011". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2012". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2013". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2014". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 1 Jun 2014.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2015". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 19 Apr 2015.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2016". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2017". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "most 6's – 2018". IPLT20.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2008". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2009". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2010". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2011". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2012". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2013". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2014". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 1 Jun 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Player of the series – 2015". ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Final: Royal Challengers Bangalore v Sunrisers Hyderabad at Bengaluru, May 29, 2016 | Cricket Scorecard | ESPN Cricinfo". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "RPS vs MI, Final – IPL Live Score, Commentary | Cricket Scorecard | Cricbuzz". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "IPL 2018 Award Winners: Orange Cap, Purple Cap, Fairplay and other award winners". indianexpress.com. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "IPL Fair Play". IPL. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
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Coal Miner's Daughter (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the film. For other uses, see Coal Miner's Daughter (disambiguation).
Coal Miner's Daughter
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Michael Apted
Produced by
Bernard Schwartz
Screenplay by
Tom Rickman
Based on
Autobiography
by Loretta Lynn
George Vecsey
Starring
Sissy Spacek
Tommy Lee Jones
Beverly D'Angelo
Levon Helm
Music by
Owen Bradley
Cinematography
Ralf D. Bode
Edited by
Arthur Schmidt
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
March 7, 1980 (1980-03-07)
Running time
125 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$15 million[1]
Box office
$67.18 million[1]
Coal Miner's Daughter is a 1980 American biographical musical film directed by Michael Apted in a screenplay written by Tom Rickman. It follows the story of country music singer Loretta Lynn, from her birth in a poor family and getting married at 13 to her rise as one of the most successful country musicians. Based on Lynn's 1976 autobiography of the same name by George Vecsey, the film stars Sissy Spacek as Lynn. Tommy Lee Jones, Beverly D'Angelo and Levon Helm are featured in supporting roles,[2] while Ernest Tubb, Roy Acuff, and Minnie Pearl all make cameo appearances as themselves.[3]
A film on Lynn's life was intended to be made since the release of the autobiography. Production for the film began in late 1979 and Lynn herself chose Spacek to portray her on screen after seeing a photograph of her, despite being unfamiliar with her films. The film's soundtrack featured all Lynn's hit singles which were all sung by Spacek, as well as Patsey Cline's "Sweet Dreams" sung by D'Angelo. The soundtrack reached the top 40 in the U.S. on the Billboard 200 and sold over 500,000 copies, thus being certified gold by the RIAA. Coal Miner's Daughter was released theatrically on March 7, 1980. Upon its release, the film was a critical and commercial success with major acclaim drawn towards Spacek's performance. The film grossed $67 million worldwide against a budget of $15 million, becoming the 7th highest-grossing film of 1980.
Coal Miner's Daughter received eight nominations at the 53rd Academy Awards including for the Best Picture and winning Best Actress (Spacek). At the 38th Golden Globe Awards, the film received four nominations and won two : Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actress – Comedy or Musical (Spacek).
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Awards and honors
4.3 Home media
5 Soundtrack
5.1 Charts and certifications
6 Adaptation
7 References
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
In 1945, 13-year-old Loretta Webb is one of eight children of Ted Webb, a Van Lear coal miner raising a family with his wife in the midst of grinding poverty in Butcher Hollow, Kentucky (pronounced by locals as "Butcher Holler").
In 1948, at the age of 15, Loretta marries 22-year-old Oliver "Mooney" (aka "Doo," short for "Doolittle") Lynn, becoming a mother of four by the time she is 19. The family moves to northern Washington State, where Doo works in the forest industry and Loretta sings occasionally at local honky-tonks on weekends. After some time, Loretta makes an occasional appearance on local radio.
By the time Loretta turns 25, Norm Burley, the owner of Zero Records, a small Canadian record label, hears Loretta sing during one of her early radio appearances. Burley gives the couple the money needed to travel to Los Angeles to cut a demo tape from which her first single, "I'm a Honky Tonk Girl," is made. After returning home from the sessions, Doo suggests he and Loretta go on a promotional tour to push the record. Doo shoots his own publicity photo for Loretta, and spends many late nights writing letters to show promoters and to radio disc jockeys all over the South. After Loretta receives an emergency phone call from her mother telling her that her father had died, she and Doo hit the road with records, photos, and their children. The two embark on an extensive promotional tour of radio stations across the South.
En route, and unbeknownst to the couple, Loretta's first single, "I'm a Honky Tonk Girl," hits the charts based on radio and jukebox plays, and earns her a spot on the Grand Ole Opry. In the summer of 1961, after seventeen straight weekly performances on the Opry, she is invited to sing at Ernest Tubb Record Shop's Midnite Jamboree after her performance that night. Country superstar Patsy Cline, one of Loretta's idols, who had recently been hospitalized from a near-fatal car wreck, inspires Loretta to dedicate Patsy's newest hit "I Fall to Pieces" to the singer herself as a musical get-well card. Cline listens to the broadcast that night from her hospital room and sends her husband Charlie Dick to Ernest Tubb Record Shop to fetch Loretta so the two can meet. A close friendship with Cline follows, which was abruptly ended by Cline's death in a plane crash on March 5, 1963.
The next few years are a whirlwind. The stress of extensive touring, keeping up her image, overwork, and trying to keep her marriage and family together cause Loretta a nervous breakdown, which she suffers onstage at the beginning of a concert. After a year off at her ranch, in Hurricane Mills, Tennessee, Loretta goes back on the road, returning to establish herself as the "First Lady of Country Music."
The film closes with Loretta recounting the story of her life through her 1970 hit song, "Coal Miner's Daughter", to a sold-out audience.
Cast[edit]
Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn
Tommy Lee Jones as Doolittle Lynn
Beverly D'Angelo as Patsy Cline
Levon Helm as Ted Webb
Phyllis Boyens as Clara Ramey Webb, Loretta's mother
Bob Hannah as Charlie Dick
William Sanderson as Lee Dollarhide
Ernest Tubb as himself
Roy Acuff as himself
Minnie Pearl as herself
Production[edit]
Lynn personally chose Spacek to portray her, making the decision based on a photograph of the actress despite being unfamiliar with her films, a story Spacek recounts in an DVD audio commentary for the Collector's Edition of the film. Initially, Spacek was reluctant to participate, and asked to do her own singing in the film in hopes of scaring off the studio from pursuing her for the role. At the time that Lynn prematurely announced on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson that "Sissy Spacek is going to play me," the actress was torn between friends who advised her to do Lynn's film and those who advised her to choose instead a Nicolas Roeg project due to start filming at the same time. Talking it over with her mother-in-law that evening, Spacek was advised to pray for a sign, which she did. She and her husband subsequently went for a drive in his mother's car, where the radio was tuned to a classical music station that changed formats at sunset every evening. As the couple pulled out of the parking garage, the title line of the song "Coal Miner's Daughter" sallied forth from the radio.[4]
The film's soundtrack featured Spacek singing all of Lynn's hits sung in the movie, including "Coal Miner's Daughter".
In an interview with Merv Griffin broadcast November 7, 1978, Loretta Lynn said that Harrison Ford was originally cast.
Release[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
It has an 88% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 16 reviews; the average rating is 8.3/10.[5] Variety called it "a thoughtful, endearing film charting the life of singer Loretta Lynn from the depths of poverty in rural Kentucky to her eventual rise to the title of 'queen of country music'."[6] Roger Ebert stated that the film "has been made with great taste and style; it's more intelligent and observant than movie biographies of singing stars used to be."[7]
Awards and honors[edit]
The film won the Academy Award for Best Actress (Sissy Spacek), and was nominated for Best Art Direction (Art Direction: John W. Corso; Set Decoration: John M. Dwyer), Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Picture, Best Sound (Richard Portman, Roger Heman and James R. Alexander) and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.[8][9]
For her performance, Spacek won an Academy Award, as well as "Best Actress" awards from the Golden Globes, the National Board of Review, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the New York Film Critics Circle, and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle. Her co-star Beverly D'Angelo, who played Loretta's mentor, Patsy Cline, also chose to do her own singing rather than lip-synching; she was nominated for a Golden Globe, as was Tommy Lee Jones.
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"Coal Miner's Daughter" – Nominated[10]
2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #70[11]
Home media[edit]
This film was released on LaserDisc on two separate releases. The first release was in May 1980, and the extended play version was released in July 1981. These releases were both made by MCA DiscoVision.
The film was released in the VHS format in the 1980s by MCA Home Video and on March 1, 1992 by MCA/Universal Home Video.
On September 13, 2005, Universal released a 25th Anniversary Edition on DVD, in widescreen (1.85:1) format and featuring the music tracks remixed to 5.1 Dolby Digital stereo, leaving the dialogue and effects tracks as they were on the original mono soundtrack from 1980.
That same DVD was included in a 4-pack DVD set that also included Smokey and the Bandit, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, Fried Green Tomatoes.
On January 7, 2014, Universal released the film on Blu-ray.
Soundtrack[edit]
Coal Miner's Daughter: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
March 7, 1980
Recorded
1980
Bradley's Barn
(Mt. Juliet, Tennessee)[12]
Genre
Country
Label
MCA Nashville
Producer
Owen Bradley
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [13]
Coal Miner's Daughter: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on March 7, 1980, under the MCA Nashville label.[14] It included music by Beverly D'Angelo, Levon Helm, and Sissy Spacek except for the "End Credits Medley" and material by other artists which were not under contract to MCA. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 11, 1982[15] and has been released on vinyl,[16] cassette tape,[17] and CD.[14] Levon Helm's Blue Moon of Kentucky was released as a single on 7" vinyl, both as a double-A-side and also with a non-album track also sung by Helm, Allen Toussaint's Working in the Coal Mine, on the B-side.[18]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length
1. "The Titanic" A.P. Carter, Sara Carter, Maybelle Carter Sissy Spacek 2:29
2. "Blue Moon of Kentucky" Bill Monroe Levon Helm 2:51
3. "There He Goes" Eddie Miller, Durwood Haddock, W.S. Stevenson Sissy Spacek 2:11
4. "I'm a Honky Tonk Girl" Loretta Lynn Sissy Spacek 2:22
5. "Amazing Grace" John Newton Funeral Guests 2:08
6. "Walkin' After Midnight" Donn Hecht, Alan Block Beverly D'Angelo 2:21
7. "Crazy" H.W. Nelson Beverly D'Angelo 2:45
8. "I Fall to Pieces" Hank Cochran, Harlan Howard Sissy Spacek 2:48
9. "Sweet Dreams" Don Gibson Beverly D'Angelo 2:37
10. "Back in Baby's Arms" Bob Montgomery Sissy Spacek, Beverly D'Angelo 2:10
11. "One's on the Way" Shel Silverstein Sissy Spacek 2:42
12. "You Ain't Woman Enough To Take My Man" Lynn Sissy Spacek 2:18
13. "You're Lookin' at Country" Lynn Sissy Spacek 2:26
14. "Coal Miner's Daughter" Lynn Sissy Spacek 3:04
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
Canada Country Albums (RPM)[19] 1
Canada Top Albums (RPM) 23
US Top Country Albums (Billboard) 2
US Billboard 200 40
Certifications
Country
Certification
United States Gold[15]
Preceded by
Together by The Oak Ridge Boys RPM Country Albums number-one album
May 10–31, 1980 Succeeded by
Together by The Oak Ridge Boys
Adaptation[edit]
On May 10, 2012, at the Grand Ole Opry, Lynn announced that Zooey Deschanel will play her in a Broadway musical adaptation.[20]
One episode of The Simpsons, entitled "Colonel Homer", is partly based on this film. The episode also stars Beverly D'Angelo as cocktail waitress Lurleen Lumpkin, who happens to have a beautiful country singing voice.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Box Office Information for Coal Miner's Daughter. The Wrap. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "IMDB: Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)". Retrieved May 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ Coal Miner's Daughter (Motion Picture). MCA Universal. 1980.
Jump up ^ Sissy Spacek and Michael Apted. Feature commentary track, Coal Miner's Daughter 25th Anniversary/Collector's Edition, 2005.
Jump up ^ Coal Miner's Daughter at Rotten Tomatoes
Jump up ^ "Coal Miner's Daughter". Variety. 1980. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
Jump up ^ "COAL MINER'S DAUGHTER". Chicago Sun Times. Approx. March 1980. Retrieved 2013-09-14. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1981) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
Jump up ^ "1980 Academy Awards". 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ Coal Miner's Daughter: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (CD). Various Artists. MCA Nashville. 1980. 088 170 122-2.
Jump up ^ "allmusic (((Coal Miner's Daughter - Various Artist > Review)))". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Lynn, Loretta. "Coal Miner's Daughter: Various Artists: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
^ Jump up to: a b "RIAA - Recording Industry Association of America". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
Jump up ^ "Coal Miner's Daughter / Loretta Lynn / LP Soundtrack: Sissy Spacek, Beverly D"Angelo: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Coal Miner's Daughter: Various Artists: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Soundtrack Album: Coal Miner's Daughter". theband.hiof.no.
Jump up ^ "RPM Country 25 Albums" (PDF). RPM. 33 (7). May 10, 1980. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (May 11, 2012). "Zooey Deschanel Will Star in Broadway Stage Adaptation of "Coal Miner's Daughter"". Playbill.com. Playbill, Inc. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
External links[edit]
Coal Miner's Daughter on IMDb
Coal Miner's Daughter at AllMovie
Coal Miner's Daughter at the TCM Movie Database
Coal Miner's Daughter at Box Office Mojo
Coal Miner's Daughter at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Works directed by Michael Apted
Feature films
The Triple Echo (1972)
Stardust (1974)
The Squeeze (1977)
Agatha (1979)
Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)
Continental Divide (1981)
Gorky Park (1983)
Firstborn (1984)
Critical Condition (1987)
Gorillas in the Mist (1988)
Class Action (1991)
Thunderheart (1992)
Blink (1994)
Nell (1994)
Extreme Measures (1996)
The World Is Not Enough (1999)
Enigma (2001)
Enough (2002)
Amazing Grace (2006)
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)
Chasing Mavericks (2012)
Unlocked (2017)
Documentary films
Bring On the Night (1985)
Incident at Oglala (1992)
Moving the Mountain (1994)
Inspirations (1997)
Me & Isaac Newton (1999)
The Power of the Game (2007)
Television
There's a Hole in Your Dustbin, Delilah (1968)
P'tang, Yang, Kipperbang (1982)
Always Outnumbered (1998)
Documentaries
Up series (1970–present)
Married in America (2002–06)
[show]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
An American in Paris (1951)
With a Song in My Heart (1952)
Carmen Jones (1954)
Guys and Dolls (1955)
The King and I (1956)
Les Girls (1957)
Gigi / Auntie Mame (1958)
Porgy and Bess / Some Like It Hot (1959)
Song Without End / The Apartment (1960)
West Side Story / A Majority of One (1961)
The Music Man / That Touch of Mink (1962)
Tom Jones (1963)
My Fair Lady (1964)
The Sound of Music (1965)
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966)
The Graduate (1967)
Oliver! (1968)
The Secret of Santa Vittoria (1969)
MASH (1970)
Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
Cabaret (1972)
American Graffiti (1973)
The Longest Yard (1974)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
A Star Is Born (1976)
The Goodbye Girl (1977)
Heaven Can Wait (1978)
Breaking Away (1979)
Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)
Arthur (1981)
Tootsie (1982)
Yentl (1983)
Romancing the Stone (1984)
Prizzi's Honor (1985)
Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)
Hope and Glory (1987)
Working Girl (1988)
Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
Green Card (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
The Player (1992)
Mrs. Doubtfire (1993)
The Lion King (1994)
Babe (1995)
Evita (1996)
As Good as It Gets (1997)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
Toy Story 2 (1999)
Almost Famous (2000)
Moulin Rouge! (2001)
Chicago (2002)
Lost in Translation (2003)
Sideways (2004)
Walk the Line (2005)
Dreamgirls (2006)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008)
The Hangover (2009)
The Kids Are All Right (2010)
The Artist (2011)
Les Misérables (2012)
American Hustle (2013)
The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)
The Martian (2015)
La La Land (2016)
Lady Bird (2017)
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