text:
New River Gorge Bridge
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New River Gorge Bridge
Coordinates
38°4.1′N 81°5.0′W / 38.0683°N 81.0833°W / 38.0683; -81.0833Coordinates: 38°4.1′N 81°5.0′W / 38.0683°N 81.0833°W / 38.0683; -81.0833
Carries
US 19
Crosses
New River, CR 82, CSX Transportation
Locale
Fayette County, West Virginia, U.S.
Maintained by
West Virginia Division of Highways
Characteristics
Design
Arch
Total length
3,030 ft (924 m)
Width
69.3 ft (21.1 m), 4 lanes with center divider
Height
876 ft (267 m)
Longest span
1,700 ft (518.2 m)
Clearance above
Deck arch, unlimited clearance
History
Opened
October 22, 1977
Statistics
Daily traffic
16,200 vehicles/day[1]
New River Gorge Bridge
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
NRHP reference #
13000603[2]
Added to NRHP
August 14, 2013[3]
The New River Gorge Bridge is a steel arch bridge 3,030 feet (924 m) long over the New River Gorge near Fayetteville, West Virginia, in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. With an arch 1,700 feet (518 m) long, the New River Gorge Bridge was for many years the world's longest single-span arch bridge;[4][5] it is now the fourth longest. Part of U.S. Route 19, its construction marked the completion of Corridor L of the Appalachian Development Highway System. The bridge is crossed by an average of 16,200 motor vehicles per day.[1]
The roadway of the New River Gorge Bridge is 876 feet (267 m) above the New River.[5] The New River Gorge Bridge is one of the highest vehicular bridges in the world, and is currently the third highest in the United States. In 2005, the structure gained nationwide attention when the US Mint issued the West Virginia state quarter with the bridge depicted on one side. In 2013, the bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Tourism
3 Gallery
4 See also
5 References and notes
6 External links
History[edit]
The Fayette Station Bridge over the New River, over 800 ft (244 m) below the canyon rim
Construction began on the bridge in June 1974, and was completed on October 22, 1977. The bridge was designed by the Michael Baker Company under the direction of Chief Engineer Clarence V. Knudsen, and executed by U.S. Steel's American Bridge Division. The final cost of construction was $37 million (approximately $4 million over bid). It is made from COR-TEN steel. The use of COR-TEN in construction presented several challenges; notable among them was ensuring that the weld points weathered at the same rate as the rest of the steel.[6]
At the time, the bridge was the West Virginia Department of Highways' largest project in its history, important both in terms of its overall cost, and that the federal government provided 70 percent of the funding. Construction gave a boost to the state and local economy; completion improved transportation.[7] The bridge cut the vehicle travel time from one side of the gorge to the other from about 45 minutes to 45 seconds.[5][8]
On August 14, 2013, the bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] Even though it was not yet 50 years old, it was listed for its exceptional impact on local transportation and its engineering significance.[7]
Tourism[edit]
View of the New River Gorge Bridge from the National Park Service Overlook
The New River Gorge Bridge is within the National Park Service's New River Gorge National River area, which protects this portion of the New River Gorge. At the northern end of the bridge, the Park Service operates a visitor center; it has scenic overlooks and a staircase that descends part of the way into the gorge.
A steel catwalk two feet (60 cm) wide runs the full length of the bridge underneath the roadway. Originally built to facilitate inspections, the catwalk is open for guided, handicapped-accessible quarter-mile "Bridge Walk"[9] tours; visitors use safety rigging.[5][10][11]
Since its opening, the bridge has been the centerpiece of Fayette County's "Bridge Day", held the third Saturday of every October.[5] This festival includes demonstrations of rappelling, ascending, and BASE jumping.[12] Bungee jumping, however, has been banned during Bridge Day since 1993.
The bridge is closed to vehicular traffic during the festival. Prior to the September 11th terrorist attacks, two of the bridge's four lanes were open to traffic during the festivals. Since 2001, security concerns have caused the entire span to be closed to vehicles during these events.[citation needed]
The first person to jump off the New River Gorge Bridge was Burton Ervin, who lives in Cowen, West Virginia, and was a coal-mine foreman. Burton jumped on August 1, 1979, using a conventional North American Aerodynamics Mini Rig System with a 32-foot Lopo canopy. Four BASE jumpers have died at the bridge, three of these during Bridge Day festivals.[13][14][15][16]
Probably because of its height (and lack of barriers), the bridge has regularly attracted suicide jumpers, despite its relatively remote location.[17][18]
Gallery[edit]
The West Virginia state quarter, released in 2005, features the New River Gorge Bridge.
Bridge as seen from the National Park Service Visitors Center, with fog in the New River Gorge below
Close-up of the bridge supports
Walkway to observation area near the Visitors Center
The New River Gorge Bridge as seen from a small fixed-wing airplane. The Tunney Hunsaker Bridge is also visible.
Panorama of the New River Gorge Bridge
See also[edit]
Bridges portal
West Virginia portal
50 State Quarters
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia
List of bridges in the United States by height
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
List of highest bridges
List of suicide sites
Midland Trail, a nearby National Scenic Byway
National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, West Virginia
New River Gorge National River, the park surrounding the bridge
References and notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "WVDOH: 2006 Fayette County Traffic Counts" (PDF). West Virginia Division of Highways. 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (March 13, 2009). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 8/12/13 Through 8/16/13". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ George R. Carter, Jr. "Mind the Gap: Building the World's Longest Steel-Arch Bridge," American Heritage, April/May 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Green, Diana Kyle (October 2011). "Fayette County High". Wonderful West Virginia: 4–7.
Jump up ^ Kistler, Maura (September 5, 2011). "New River Gorge Bridge: 10 Little Known Facts". New River Gorge Adventure Guide. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Erin M. Riebe (May 2013). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: New River Gorge Bridge" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Images of West Virginia". The Best of West Virginia. The Gallery. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
Jump up ^ "Bridge Walk"
Jump up ^ "Bridge Walk". Retrieved 2009-11-11.
Jump up ^ Green, Diana Kile (October 2011). "Bridge Walk Wows". Wonderful West Virginia: 8–9.
Jump up ^ "BASE" is an acronym that stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: buildings, antennas, spans (bridges), and earth (cliffs).
Jump up ^ Complete Bridge Day History, My West Virginia Home website
Jump up ^ BASE Jumping Fatality List
Jump up ^ "Californian Dies in Bridge Day Jump When Chute Fails to Open in Time". Huntington News. 2006-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
Jump up ^ Whitener, Lew (October 23, 2006). "Bridge Day tragedy". The Fayette Tribune. Fayetteville Oak Hill, WV: Register-Herald.com, The Register-Herald. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Janiskee, Bob (September 16, 2008). "At New River Gorge National River, an Iconic Bridge Attracts Suicide Jumpers". National Parks Traveler. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Tyson, Daniel (August 25, 2015). "Man dies after jumping from New River Gorge Bridge". Fayette Tribune. Register-Herald.com, The Register-Herald. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
New River Gorge Bridge (category)
Bridge Day (official site)
Bridge Day History
New River Gorge Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels
New River Gorge Bridge at Roads to the Future
New River Gorge Bridge at HighestBridges.com
New River Gorge Bridge at Structurae
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. WV-41, "New River Gorge Bridge, Spanning New River near Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Fayette County, WV", 12 photos, 1 color transparency, 3 data pages, 2 photo caption pages
[show]
World's longest arch bridge span
Preceded by
Bayonne Bridge New River Gorge Bridge
1977–2003 Superseded by
Lupu Bridge
[show]
v
t
e
National Register of Historic Places in New River Gorge National River
Historic districts
Hinton Historic District
Kay Moor
Nuttallburg Coal Mining Complex and Town Historic District
Thurmond Historic District
Trump-Lilly Farmstead
NRHP properties
Bank of Glen Jean
New River Gorge Bridge
Prince Brothers General Store-Berry Store
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in New River Gorge National River
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_River_Gorge_Bridge&oldid=809676105"
Categories:
U.S. Route 19
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Transportation in Fayette County, West Virginia
Landmarks in West Virginia
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Weathering steel
Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia
Bridges on the United States Numbered Highways
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Fayette County, West Virginia
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Hidden categories:
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text:
Daniel Daly
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Dan Daly" redirects here. For the actor and comedian, see Dan Daly (comedian).
Not to be confused with Daniel A. Dailey.
Daniel Joseph Daly
Daniel Daly
Born
(1873-11-11)November 11, 1873
Glen Cove, New York
Died
April 27, 1937(1937-04-27) (aged 63)
Glendale, Queens, New York
Buried
Cypress Hills National Cemetery
Allegiance
United States of America
Service/branch
United States Marine Corps
Years of service
1899–1929
Rank
Sergeant Major
Unit
2nd Marine Regiment
6th Marine Regiment
Battles/wars
Boxer Rebellion
Battle of Peking
Banana Wars
Battle of Veracruz
Battle of Fort Dipitie
World War I
Battle of Belleau Wood
Battle of Saint-Mihiel
Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge
Awards
Medal of Honor (2)
Navy Cross
Distinguished Service Cross
Croix de guerre
Médaille militaire
Sergeant Major Daniel Joseph "Dan" Daly (November 11, 1873 – April 27, 1937) was an American United States Marine and one of only nineteen men (including seven Marines) to have received the Medal of Honor twice. All Marine double recipients except Daly and Major General Smedley Butler received both Medals of Honor for the same action.
Daly is said to have yelled, "Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?" to the men in his company prior to charging the Germans during the Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I.
Major General Butler described Daly as, "The fightin'est Marine I ever knew!" Daly reportedly was offered an officer's commission twice to which he responded that he would rather be, "...an outstanding sergeant than just another officer."[citation needed]
The Medals of Honor are on display at the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Triangle, Virginia.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Marine Corps service
1.2 Death and burial
2 "Do you want to live forever?" quote
3 Decorations and honors
3.1 Honors
3.2 Medals
3.3 Medal of Honor
3.3.1 First award: 1901
3.3.2 Second award: 1915
3.4 Distinguished Service Cross
3.5 Navy Cross
3.6 Citation Star
4 See also
5 Bibliography
6 External links
Biography[edit]
Daly was born on November 11, 1873 in Glen Cove, New York. By size, he was a small man (5'6" or 1.68 m in height, 132 lbs or 60 kg),[1] but established himself as an amateur boxer.
Daly being awarded the Médaille militaire.
Marine Corps service[edit]
Hoping to participate in the Spanish–American War, he enlisted in the Marine Corps on January 10, 1899 and received his initial training at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.[2] The war ended before he finished training.
In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion in China, he received his first Medal of Honor for single-handedly defending his position against repeated attacks and inflicted casualties of around 200 on the attacking Boxers.
His second Medal of Honor came fifteen years later, when he was fighting with US forces supporting the government in Haiti against rebels. On the night of October 24, 1915, in the Battle of Fort Dipitie, he was part of a group of 35-41 Marines who were ambushed by a force of approximately 400 Cacos (Haitian insurgents). He led one of the three groups of men during the fight to reach a nearby fort and was awarded the medal for his conspicuous actions.
He was awarded the Navy Cross for "repeated deeds of heroism and great service" during the Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I.
Daly retired on February 6, 1929.
Death and burial[edit]
Daly is buried at Cypress Hills National Cemetery in New York City.
Daly died on April 27, 1937. He is buried at Cypress Hills National Cemetery, Section 5, Grave No. 70.
"Do you want to live forever?" quote[edit]
Daly is popularly attributed in Marine Corps lore, on June 6, 1918[3], as yelling, "Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?" to his men during the Battle of Belleau Wood. Daly later told a Marine Corps historian that his words were "For Christ's sake men—come on! Do you want to live forever?" The Chicago Tribune correspondent Floyd Gibbons, who was at Belleau Wood, reported hearing the words in his 1918 memoir And They Thought We Wouldn't Fight, which he attributed to an unnamed gunnery sergeant (Daly was a first sergeant at the time). Gibbons was attached to elements of Major Benjamin S. Berry's battalion (3rd Battalion 5th Marines) during the battle, but Daly was the First Sergeant of the 73rd Machine Gun Company, a part of 3rd Battalion 6th Marines under the command of Major Berton W. Sibley. Sibley's battalion attacked south of Berry's and were on the outskirts of Lucy-le-Bocage when Daly made the cry. Additionally, 6th Marines commander Colonel Albertus W. Catlin implied in his memoir that the yell came from an unnamed sergeant in Berry's battalion.[4] For his actions at Belleau Wood, he was recommended for a third medal of honor. However, during the processing for his medal, someone thought that awarding three medals of honor to the same man was unacceptable, so Daly was instead awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and later the Navy Cross and French Médaille Militaire.[5]
An earlier use of a similar phrase is attributed to Frederick the Great: "Lads, do you want to live forever?" (German: Kerle, wollt ihr ewig leben?), addressing retreating Prussian troops at the 1757 Battle of Kolín.[6]
Decorations and honors[edit]
Honors[edit]
A Fletcher-class destroyer USS Daly (DD-519) was named in honor of Daly and was commissioned on 10 March 1943.
On November 10, 2005, the United States Postal Service issued its Distinguished Marines stamps in which Daly was honored, along with three other Marine Corps heroes. Besides Daly, these stamps honored John Basilone, John A. Lejeune, and Chesty Puller.[7]
Medals[edit]
Daly's decorations and medals includes two Medals of Honor; the Navy Cross; Distinguished Service Cross; three Letters of Commendation; Good Conduct Medal with two bronze stars; China Relief Expedition Medal; Philippine Campaign Medal; Expeditionary Medal with one bronze star; Mexican Service Medal; Haitian Campaign Medal; World War I Victory Medal with Aisne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, and Defensive-Sector clasps and Citation Star; Médaille militaire; Croix de Guerre with Palm; and the Fourragère (the last three awards are from the French government; only the Croix de Guerre is authorized for wear by US personnel. A special exception is made for the 5th and 6th Marine Regiments, however. Those units are permitted to wear the Fourragère with their dress uniforms).[8][9][10]
Medal of Honor (first award) Medal of Honor (second award)
Navy Cross Distinguished Service Cross Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal
with 2 service stars
China Relief Expedition Medal Philippine Campaign Medal Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal
with 1 service star Mexican Service Medal
Haitian Campaign Medal World War I Victory Medal
with Aisne, St. Mihiel,
Meuse-Argonne, and
Defensive-Sector clasps,
and Citation Star Médaille militaire WWI Croix de Guerre
with bronze Palm
Croix de Guerre Fourragère
Medal of Honor[edit]
First award: 1901[edit]
Awarded for actions during the China Relief
General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 55 (July 19, 1901)
Action Date: 14-Aug-00
Service: Marine Corps
Rank: Private
Battalion: Captain Newt Hall's Marine Detachment
Regiment: 1st Regiment (Marines)
Citation:
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor (First Award) to Private Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving with the Captain Newt Hall's Marine Detachment, 1st Regiment (Marines), in action in the presence of the enemy during the battle of Peking, China, 14 August 1900, Daly distinguished himself by meritorious conduct.[11]
Second award: 1915[edit]
Awarded for actions during the U.S. Invasion and Occupation of Haiti
Action Date: 24-Oct-15
Service: Marine Corps
Rank: Gunnery Sergeant
Company: 15th Company (Mounted)
Regiment: 2d Marines
Citation:
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor (Second Award) to Gunnery Sergeant Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with the 15th Company of Marines (Mounted), 2d Marine Regiment, on 22 October 1915. Gunnery Sergeant Daly was one of the company to leave Fort Liberte, Haiti, for a six-day reconnaissance. After dark on the evening of 24 October, while crossing the river in a deep ravine, the detachment was suddenly fired upon from three sides by about 400 Cacos concealed in bushes about 100 yards from the fort. The Marine detachment fought its way forward to a good position, which it maintained during the night, although subjected to a continuous fire from the Cacos. At daybreak the Marines, in three squads, advanced in three different directions, surprising and scattering the Cacos in all directions. Gunnery Sergeant Daly fought with exceptional gallantry against heavy odds throughout this action.[12]
Distinguished Service Cross[edit]
Awarded for actions during the World War I
General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 101 (1918)
Action Date: June 5, 7, & 10, 1918
Service: Marine Corps
Rank: First Sergeant
Company: 73d Company
Regiment: 6th Regiment (Marines)
Division: 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces
Citation:
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to First Sergeant Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United States Marine Corps, for repeated deeds of heroism and great service while serving with the Seventy-Third Company, Sixth Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F., on 5 June and 7, 1918 at Lucy-le-Bocage, and on 10 June 1918 in the attack on Bouresches, France. On June 5th, at the risk of his life, First Sergeant Daly extinguished a fire in an ammunition dump at Lucy-le-Bocage. On 7 June 1918, while his position was under violent bombardment, he visited all the gun crews of his company, then posted over a wide portion of the front, to cheer his men. On 10 June 1918, he attacked an enemy machine-gun emplacement unassisted and captured it by use of hand grenades and his automatic pistol. On the same day, during the German attack on Bouresches, he brought in wounded under fire.[13]
Navy Cross[edit]
Awarded for actions during the World War I
Action Date: June 5, 7, & 10, 1918
Service: Marine Corps
Rank: First Sergeant
Company: 73d Company
Regiment: 6th Regiment (Marines)
Division: 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces
Citation:
The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to First Sergeant Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United States Marine Corps, for repeated deeds of heroism and great service while serving with the 73d Company, 6th Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F., on June 5 and 7, 1918 at Lucy-le-Bocage, and on 10 June 1918 in the attack on Bouresches, France. On June 5th, at the risk of his life, First Sergeant Daly extinguished a fire in an ammunition dump at Lucy-le-Bocage. On 7 June 1918, while his position was under violent bombardment, he visited all the gun crews of his company, then posted over a wide portion of the front, to cheer his men. On 10 June 1918, he attacked an enemy machine-gun emplacement unassisted and captured it by use of hand grenades and his automatic pistol. On the same day, during the German attack on Bouresches, he brought in wounded under fire.[14]
Citation Star[edit]
In 1932 the Silver Citation Star became the Silver Star, a full sized decoration. All personnel awarded the Silver Citation Star were authorized to wear the Silver Star, the USA's third highest decoration for heroism in combat.
Awarded for actions during the World War I
General Orders: Citation Orders, 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces
Action Date: June 6 - July 10, 1918
Service: Marine Corps
Rank: First Sergeant
Company: Machine Gun Company
Regiment: 6th Regiment (Marines)
Division: 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces
Citation:
By direction of the President, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved July 9, 1918 (Bul. No. 43, W.D., 1918), First Sergeant Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United States Marine Corps, is cited by the Commanding General, SECOND Division, American Expeditionary Forces, for gallantry in action and a silver star may be placed upon the ribbon of the Victory Medals awarded him. First Sergeant Daly distinguished himself while serving with Machine Gun Company, Sixth Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces at Chateau-Thierry, France, 6 June - 10 July 1918.[15]
See also[edit]
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Historically Important U.S. Marines
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Boxer Rebellion
Biography portal
World War I portal
United States Marine Corps portal
Bibliography[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ "Double Congressional Medal of Honor recipient — Sergeant Major Daniel Joseph Daly". MedalofHonor.com. Archived from the original on 2006-04-08.
Jump up ^ Scott, p. 17
Jump up ^ Adams 2018, p. 28
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 46–48
Jump up ^ http://www.historynet.com/paths-to-glory-medal-of-honor-ricipients-smedley-butler-and-dan-daly.htm
Jump up ^ Duffy, Christopher (1985). Frederick the Great: A Military Life. Australia: Law Book Co of Australasia. ISBN 978-0-7100-9649-4.
Jump up ^ "Stamp". Archived from the original on December 20, 2005. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hall of Valor Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Daniel Daly ribbons Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ US Marines Birthplace
Jump up ^ "Daniel J. Daly MOH (First Award)". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Daniel J. Daly MOH (Second Award)". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Daniel J. Daly DSC". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Daniel J. Daly Navy Cross". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Daniel J. Daly Silver Star". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
Adams, Gregg & Illustrated by Steve Noon (2018). US Marine vs German Soldier: Belleau Wood 1918. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472825568. - Total pages: 80
"Sergeant Major Daniel "Dan" Joseph Daly, USMC, Who's Who in Marine Corps History, History Division, United States Marine Corps". Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
"Daniel Daly". Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor recipients. Find a Grave. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
Martin, Iain C. (2007). The Greatest U.S. Marine Corps Stories Ever Told: Unforgettable Stories of Courage, Honor, and Sacrifice. The Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-59921-017-9.
Scott, Stephen W. (2009). Sergeant Major Dan Daly: The Most Outstanding Marine of All Time. PublishAmerica. ISBN 1-60836-465-8.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Daniel Daly
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daniel Daly.
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text:
Quality control
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the project management process. For other uses, see Quality control (disambiguation).
For the record label, see Quality Control Music.
Quality inspector in a Volkseigener Betrieb sewing machine parts factory in Dresden, East Germany, 1977.
Quality control, or QC for short, is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "A part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".[1]
This approach places an emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001)[2][3]:
Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes,[4][5] performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships.
Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example.[3]
The quality of the outputs is at risk if any of these three aspects is deficient in any way.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and introduction
2 Notable approaches
3 In project management
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History and introduction[edit]
See also: History of technology
Modern humans are distinguished from other species by their extensive use of tools to control and adapt to their surroundings. Early stone tools such as anvils had no holes and were not designed as interchangeable parts. Mass production established processes for the creation of parts and system with identical dimensions and design, but these processes are not uniform and hence some customers were unsatisfied with the result. Quality control separates the act of testing products to uncover defects from the decision to allow or deny product release, which may be determined by fiscal constraints.[6] For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract.[7]
The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production.[6]
Notable approaches[edit]
There is a tendency for individual consultants and organizations to name their own unique approaches to quality control—a few of these have ended up in widespread use:
Terminology
Approximate year of first use
Description
Statistical quality control (SQC) 1930s The application of statistical methods (specifically control charts and acceptance sampling) to quality control[8]:556
Total quality control (TQC) 1956 Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article[9] and book of the same name.[10]; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e.g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
Statistical process control (SPC) 1960s The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
Company-wide quality control (CWQC) 1968 Japanese-style total quality control[10]
Total Quality Management (TQM) 1985 Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement[11]
Six Sigma (6σ) 1986 Statistical quality control applied to business strategy[12]; originated by Motorola
Lean Six Sigma (L6σ) 2001 Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al.[13]
In project management[edit]
In project management, quality control requires the project manager and/or the project team to inspect the accomplished work to ensure its alignment with the project scope.[14] In practice, projects typically have a dedicated quality control team which focuses on this area.[15]
See also[edit]
Analytical quality control
Corrective and preventative action (CAPA)
Eight dimensions of quality
First article inspection (FAI)
Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP)
Good manufacturing practice
Quality assurance
Quality management framework
Standard operating procedure (SOP)
QA/QC
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ISO 9000:2005, Clause 3.2.10
Jump up ^ Praxiom Research Group Limited (16 August 2017). "ISO 9001 Translated Into Plain English". Praxiom Research Group Limited. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Aft, L.S. (1997). "Chapter 1: Introduction". Fundamentals of Industrial Quality Control. CRC Press. pp. 1–17. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Dennis Adsit (November 9, 2007). "What the Call Center Industry Can Learn from Manufacturing: Part I" (PDF). National Association of Call Centers. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Dennis Adsit (November 23, 2007). "What the Call Center Industry Can Learn from Manufacturing: Part II" (PDF). National Association of Call Centers. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Shewhart, Walter A. (Walter Andrew); Deming, W. Edwards (William Edwards) (1939). Statistical method from the viewpoint of quality control. Washington: The Graduate School, The Department of Agriculture. pp. 1–5.
Jump up ^ "Position Classification Standard for Quality Assurance Series, GS-1910" (PDF). US Office of Personnel Management. March 1983. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Juran, Joseph M., ed. (1995), A History of Managing for Quality: The Evolution, Trends, and Future Directions of Managing for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The American Society for Quality Control, ISBN 9780873893411, OCLC 32394752
Jump up ^ Feigenbaum, Armand V. (1956). "Total Quality Control". Harvard Business Review. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 34 (6): 93–101. ISSN 0017-8012. OCLC 1751795.
^ Jump up to: a b Ishikawa, Kaoru (1985), What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way (1 ed.), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, pp. 90–91, ISBN 978-0-13-952433-2, OCLC 11467749
Jump up ^ Evans, James R.; Lindsay, William M. (1999), The Management and Control of Quality (4 ed.), Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publications, p. 118, ISBN 9780538882422, OCLC 38475486, The term total quality management, or TQM, has been commonly used to denote the system of managing for total quality. (The term TQM was actually developed within the Department of Defense. It has since been renamed Total Quality Leadership, since leadership outranks management in military thought.)
Jump up ^ "What Is Six Sigma?" (PDF). http://www.motorolasolutions.com. Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola University. 19 February 2010. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013. When practiced as a management system, Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business strategy. External link in |website= (help)
Jump up ^ Wheat, B.; Mills, C.; Carnell, M. (2001). Leaning into Six Sigma: The Path to integration of Lean Enterprise and Six Sigma. Publishing Partners. p. 100. ISBN 9780971249103. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Phillips, Joseph (November 2008). "Quality Control in Project Management". The Project Management Hut. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Rose, K.H. (2014). Project Quality Management: Why, What and How. J. Ross Publishing. p. 224. ISBN 9781604271027.
This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C" (in support of MIL-STD-188).
Further reading[edit]
Radford, George S. (1922), The Control of Quality in Manufacturing, New York: Ronald Press Co., OCLC 1701274, retrieved 2013-11-16
Shewhart, Walter A. (1931), Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., OCLC 1045408
Juran, Joseph M. (1951), Quality-Control Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill, OCLC 1220529
Western Electric Company (1956), Statistical Quality Control Handbook (1 ed.), Indianapolis, Indiana: Western Electric Co., OCLC 33858387
Feigenbaum, Armand V. (1961), Total Quality Control, New York: McGraw-Hill, OCLC 567344
External links[edit]
ASTM quality control standards
[hide]
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2-way (Friedman)
Ordered alternative (Jonckheere–Terpstra)
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[show]
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Will Turner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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fictional character
For other persons with similar names, see William Turner (disambiguation).
This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real-world context. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Will Turner
Pirates of the Caribbean character
Orlando Bloom as Will Turner in Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
Portrayed by
Orlando Bloom (adult)
Dylan Smith (adolescent)
Appearance(s)
The Curse of the Black Pearl
Dead Man's Chest
At World's End
Dead Men Tell No Tales
Information
Gender
Male
Occupation
Father
Formerly:

Blacksmith
Captain of the Flying Dutchman (temporarily)
Family
Bootstrap Bill Turner (father)
Mrs. Turner (mother, deceased)
Elizabeth Swann (wife)
Weatherby Swann (father-in-law, deceased)
Henry Turner (son)[1]
William "Will" Turner Jr. is a fictional character in the Pirates of the Caribbean films. He appears in The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), Dead Man's Chest (2006), At World's End (2007), and Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017). He is portrayed by Orlando Bloom (and as a child by Dylan Smith in the prologue of The Curse of the Black Pearl).
William Turner is a blacksmith's apprentice working in Port Royal, Jamaica. He secretly loves the governor's daughter, Elizabeth Swann (played by Keira Knightley), although he occupies a lower social class than she does. Will is the son of Bootstrap Bill Turner, and he works to free his father from service to Davy Jones. He marries Elizabeth Swann in At World's End, and they have a son named Henry.
Contents
1 Films
1.1 Early life
1.2 The Curse of the Black Pearl
1.3 Dead Man's Chest
1.4 At World's End
1.5 Dead Men Tell No Tales
2 Video game appearances
3 References
4 External links
Films[edit]
Early life[edit]
Will is the only child of "Bootstrap" Bill Turner (portrayed by Stellan Skarsgaard). According to Jack Sparrow, Will strongly resembles his father, both in appearance and ability. However, his father was absent during his early childhood in England. Will grew up believing his father to be a merchant seaman. Following his mother's death, Will, then about twelve years old, emigrated to Port Royal.
The Curse of the Black Pearl[edit]
Main article: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
Weatherby Swann and his daughter Elizabeth sail to Port Royal after Weatherby is appointed governor. Elizabeth spots Will clinging to a floating piece of a shipwreck. She discovers a gold medallion around his neck, and hides it to prevent anyone from believing that Will is a pirate.
Over the next eight years, Will and Elizabeth maintain a respectful friendship, although Will conceals his romantic feelings for her. He is now a blacksmith's apprentice in Port Royal. Will has developed into a master craftsman of fine swords, although his often-drunk master usually claims credit for Will's exquisite workmanship. Will is also an exceptional, self-taught swordsman. The DVD commentary states that he is the best among the characters in the film, including Barbossa, Norrington, and Jack Sparrow.[citation needed] When Jack Sparrow attempts to flee from British forces, Will engages him in a duel. Sparrow outwits Will in a sword fight; Will claims Jack "cheated" by ignoring the "rules of engagement."
Will learns that his father was the pirate Bootstrap Bill Turner, who served aboard the Black Pearl when it was commanded by Captain Jack Sparrow. Despite Sparrow's comments that Bootstrap was "a good man," Will remains deeply conflicted over the fact that his father was a pirate. Will learns that when First Mate Barbossa and the crew mutinied and marooned Sparrow, only Bootstrap defended him, infuriated by Barbossa's betrayal.
Barbossa and his crew had looted a chest of Aztec gold. This resulted in them becoming undead and unable to feel physical pleasure. It was only after they had thrown Bootstrap overboard that they learned how to break the curse: they needed to return all of the gold pieces, and each pirate who took the gold had to make a blood offering as a form of repayment. Because Bootstrap only had one child, Barbossa decides to track down and kidnap the child in order to lift the curse.
It is revealed that the pirate's medallion stolen by Elizabeth is one of the pieces of Aztec gold. Believing her to be the daughter of Bootstrap Bill, Barbossa kidnaps her. After Elizabeth is kidnapped, Will forms an alliance with Sparrow. He helps Sparrow escape from prison. They commandeer a ship and recruit a crew in Tortuga. They sail to Isla de Muerta, where Barbossa has taken Elizabeth. Unbeknownst to Will, Sparrow intends to use him to bargain back the Black Pearl. When Will learns his role in lifting the curse, he barters himself to Barbossa to free Elizabeth and the crew. In the end, Sparrow and Will succeed in lifting the curse; Sparrow kills Barbossa, and the pirate crew is defeated. At Sparrow's execution in Port Royal, Will declares his love for Elizabeth before attempting to rescue Sparrow from the gallows. They are quickly subdued by redcoats, but Will refuses to abandon Sparrow. Elizabeth intervenes and saves Will by declaring her love for him and vouching for Sparrow. Will is pardoned, while Sparrow escapes by falling off the rampart and into the bay where the Black Pearl awaits.
Dead Man's Chest[edit]
Main article: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
Will returns with the other main characters from Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl.
For aiding Jack Sparrow's escape, Will and Elizabeth are arrested just prior to their wedding ceremony by Lord Cutler Beckett, a man made wealthy and powerful by profits from the East India Trading Company. Beckett threatens Will and Elizabeth with execution for aiding Sparrow's escape, but offers clemency if Will can find Sparrow's compass for Beckett's use. This magical compass will allow Beckett to find the heart of Davy Jones.[2] Beckett also possesses a Letter of Marque with which he intends to recruit Jack as a privateer.
To save Elizabeth, Will hunts for Jack Sparrow and the Black Pearl. He finds the crew captive on Pelegosto, a cannibal-inhabited island. They escape, and are unexpectedly reunited with Pintel and Ragetti. Jack agrees to give Will his compass if he helps him find a key, though he has no idea what it unlocks. Jack seeks out Tia Dalma, a voodoo priestess who takes a particular interest in Will, proclaiming he has a "touch of destiny." Dalma says the key is to the Dead Man's Chest containing the heart of Davy Jones. Sparrow had once struck a bargain with Davy Jones to raise the Black Pearl from the ocean bottom and to make Jack captain for 13 years. Sparrow would then serve aboard the Dutchman for a century. When Jones attempts to collect on this deal, Jack reneges on the bargain.
The crew searches for Jones, and Will soon finds himself stranded on a wrecked vessel that Jack claimed was Jones' ghost ship, the Flying Dutchman. When the real Flying Dutchman suddenly arrives, Jack attempts to barter Will to Davy Jones to repay his blood debt, but Jones refuses, saying one soul is unequal to another. Instead, he keeps Will as a "good faith" payment and demands an additional 99 souls. Otherwise, Jack must surrender or face the Kraken.
Will, now an indentured sailor aboard Jones' ghost ship, meets his father "Bootstrap" Bill Turner. When Will challenges Davy Jones to Liar's Dice, betting his soul against the key to the Dead Man's Chest, Bootstrap joins in and purposely loses to save his son from eternal enslavement. With Bootstrap's help, Will steals the key from Jones and escapes in a longboat, vowing to one day free his father. A passing ship rescues Will, but Jones summons the Kraken to destroy it. Will survives and stows back aboard the Dutchman, now headed for Isla Cruces where the Dead Man's Chest containing Jones' heart is buried.
On Isla Cruces, Will is reunited with Elizabeth, who has escaped jail and joined Jack Sparrow's crew. Also present are Sparrow and former Commodore James Norrington, who has also joined the crew. They locate the chest. Will, Jack, and Norrington each claim the heart for their own purposes. Norrington ultimately steals the heart and the Letters of Marque, escaping just as Davy Jones' crew attacks.
The Black Pearl flees, outrunning the Flying Dutchman, but Davy Jones again summons the Kraken. Will leads the crew in temporarily fending it off, gaining enough time to abandon ship. When Elizabeth realizes that Sparrow is the Kraken's sole prey, she distracts him with a passionate kiss while handcuffing him to the mast. Unbeknownst to her, Will witnesses this and believes Elizabeth now loves Sparrow. From the longboat, the crew watches the Kraken drag the Pearl and Sparrow to Davy Jones' Locker.
Will, Elizabeth, and the crew seek refuge with Tia Dalma. Gibbs proposes a toast to their fallen captain, to which Will glumly raises his mug. Seeing Elizabeth's tears and believing she loves Sparrow, he tries comforting her. Will and the crew agree to attempt to rescue Sparrow from the Locker.
At World's End[edit]
Main article: Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
Will is next seen in Singapore with Elizabeth, Barbossa, Tia Dalma, and the Black Pearl crew. They attempt bargain with Sao Feng, the Pirate Lord of the South China Sea, for the navigational charts leading to World's End and Davy Jones' Locker, so that they can rescue Jack Sparrow.[3] Will had already attempted to steal the charts, but was captured. Ostensibly, the group's mission is to rescue Jack Sparrow from the Locker, but, like the others, Will has a secret motive: to retrieve the Black Pearl and free his father from Davy Jones. When Mercer and the East India Trading Company soldiers attack Sao Feng's bathhouse, Feng strikes a secret bargain with Will: Jack Sparrow in exchange for the Black Pearl. Will and the others journey to World's End on Feng's ship, sailing over an enormous waterfall into the Locker. There, they find Jack aboard the Pearl. Jack sets sail with them, although he and Barbossa dispute who is captain. Will learns that Elizabeth sacrificed Jack to the Kraken. And though he now understands why Elizabeth has been distant and despondent, she believes that her unrelenting guilt over causing Sparrow's doom is her burden alone to bear. Will tells her their relationship will not endure if they lack trust in one another and make their choices alone.
Sao Feng betrays Will in lieu of another bargain with Lord Beckett, though Beckett double-crosses Feng. Feng then offers Barbossa the Black Pearl in exchange for Elizabeth, who he mistakenly believes is the sea goddess, Calypso. Elizabeth is stunned that Will betrayed Jack Sparrow to achieve his goal. Ignoring Will, she agrees to Feng's terms in exchange for the crew's safety. Jack tosses Will in the brig, but he soon escapes. Still plotting to obtain the Pearl, Will leaves a trail of bodies for Lord Beckett to follow to Shipwreck Cove, the Brethren Court stronghold. Jack catches him, but surprisingly hands Will his magical compass before pushing him overboard. Clinging to a floating barrel, Will drifts towards Beckett's ship, Endeavour.
Will is exchanged for Jack during parley with Beckett and Davy Jones. Elizabeth tells Will she now understands the burden he bears, but having been aboard the Dutchman, she believes Bootstrap can no longer be saved, although Will disagrees. When Barbossa releases Calypso from her human form, Will tells her that Davy Jones betrayed her to the First Brethren Court.[4] This causes her to turn her fury against both the pirates and Jones, forming a giant maelstrom.
During the maelstrom battle, Will proposes to Elizabeth, convincing her this may be their only opportunity to wed. Barbossa performs an impromptu wedding as the battle continues.
Will defends Elizabeth from Davy Jones. He stabs Jones, but Jones is unharmed. Jones mortally wounds Will. Jack, who now possesses Jones' heart guides Will's hand to stab the heart and kill Jones. Bootstrap carves out his son's heart and places it in the Dead Man's Chest. Will becomes the Flying Dutchman's immortal captain. Now under Will's command, the Flying Dutchman resurfaces, and the crew has reverted to human form. Will commands the Dutchman against the Endeavour and the combined firepower of the Black Pearl and the Flying Dutchman destroy the Endeavour, killing Cutler Beckett. The remaining armada retreats without a fight.
Will is now a psychopomp, bound to ferrying souls of those who died at sea to the next world. Will is allowed one day ashore before beginning his ten-year duty aboard the Dutchman. Bootstrap Bill decides to remain on the crew with his son. Elizabeth, a mortal, is unable to accompany them. Will spends his one day with Elizabeth on an island where they consummate their marriage. Before returning to the Dutchman at sunset, he entrusts the Dead Man's Chest containing his beating heart to her care. The Flying Dutchman disappears from the horizon amid the Green Flash.
Will returns ten years later, where he meets Elizabeth and their son, Henry.
Dead Men Tell No Tales[edit]
Main article: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
Orlando Bloom reprises his role as Will Turner in the fifth film, seen with barnacles forming upon his face, implying he's failed at the responsibilities as Captain of the Flying Dutchman.[5] At the start of the film, Henry Turner deliberately attempts to drown himself to lure in the Dutchman, believing that he has found a way to cure his father of his curse, but Will rejects this idea, certain that there is no way to free him from his duty, asking Henry to forget him. Nine years later, Jack Sparrow recruits Henry, his small crew, a girl named Carina Smyth (who is secretly the daughter of Barbossa) and Barbossa to help him find the Trident of Poseidon, the destruction of the Trident breaking all curses imposed by the sea, including the curse that binds Will to the Dutchman. At the film's conclusion, Will is reunited with Elizabeth, but a post-credits sequence reveals that the Trident's destruction has also resurrected Davy Jones, who now seeks revenge against him, Jack and Elizabeth.
Video game appearances[edit]
Will Turner appears in the Pirates of the Caribbean world, Port Royal, of Kingdom Hearts II. In the Japanese version of Kingdom Hearts II as well as in the movies he's voiced by Daisuke Hirakawa, who was also the Japanese voice for Legolas, another famous character portrayed by Bloom. Crispin Freeman provided the voice of Will for the U.S. version of the game since Orlando Bloom was unavailable due to the filming of Dead Man's Chest and At World's End. Freeman was also the voice of Will in the video game Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow and in the video game adaptation of Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End.
Will Turner appears in the video game Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and in Lego Pirates of the Caribbean: The Video Game as a playable character in both games and was again voiced by Crispin Freeman. He also appears in the game Pirates of the Caribbean Online game as the character who gives the player their first sword. In the earlier versions of the game, Will urges the player to run and locate Tia Dalama after soldiers can be heard banging on his door. Will stays behind to confront them, drawing his sword. In the newer version, undead skeletons appear inside instead.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fuller, Becky (28 Mar 2017). "Pirates 5: Will Turner's Son Confirmed". Screen Rant. Retrieved 28 Mar 2017.
Jump up ^ Edelstein, David (17 July 2006). "The Depp, Depp Sea". New York Magazine: 2. Retrieved 21 Mar 2017.
Jump up ^ Gilchrist, Todd; Lowe, Scott (5 Dec 2007). "Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End Blu-Ray Review". IGN. Ziff Davis, LLC. Retrieved 20 Mar 2017.
Jump up ^ Holleran, Scott (31 May 2007). "Interview: Ted Elliott & Terry Rossio on 'At World's End'". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 28 Mar 2017.
Jump up ^ Spencer Perry (6 Feb 2017). "Will Turner in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 28 Mar 2017.
External links[edit]
William Turner at the Pirates of the Caribbean wiki
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