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I Can Only Imagine (film)
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I Can Only Imagine
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Erwin Brothers
Produced by
Cindy Bond
Kevin Downes
Daryl Lefever
Mickey Liddell
Pete Shilaimon
Raymond Harris
Joe Knopp
Screenplay by
Jon Erwin
Brent McCorkle
Story by
Alex Cramer
Jon Erwin
Brent McCorkle
Based on
The life story of
Bart Millard
Starring
J. Michael Finley
Madeline Carroll
Trace Adkins
Priscilla Shirer
Cloris Leachman
Dennis Quaid
Tanya Clarke
Music by
Brent McCorkle
Cinematography
Kristopher Kimlin
Edited by
Andrew Erwin
Brent McCorkle
Production
companies
Kevin Downes Productions
Mission Pictures International
Distributed by
Lionsgate
Roadside Attractions[1]
Release date
March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16)
Running time
110 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$7 million[2]
Box office
$85.4 million[2]
I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best-selling Christian single of all time.[3] The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.
I Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It grossed $85 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, and is the third highest-grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Home media
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Coming from a home with an abusive father, 10-year-old Bart Millard is dropped off at a Christian camp by his mother, where he meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings, leading to a physical confrontation with his father Arthur, who takes custody of him.
Years later, Millard is in Lakeside high school and dating Shannon. Hoping to impress his father, he begins playing football. However, he is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. In order to make up the credits he would miss from football, he signs up for music class, the only available class left. Initially, Millard is assigned to be a sound technician. After the director catches him singing in the empty auditorium of Lakeside high school, she casts him as Curly, the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma. He doesn't tell his father of his role in the play, and while Bart has risen to the singing demands of the part, Arthur subsequently collapses with severe abdominal pain, but refuses to tell Bart or Shannon about his cancer diagnosis. The following morning, Millard voices his frustrations with his father and is assaulted by his father, who smashes a plate over his head. Shannon presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her and leaving to seek his fortune in the city after graduation.
Millard then connects with the band who would become MercyMe, and eventually attracts the attention of Christian music producer Scott Brickell (Trace Adkins), who coaches Millard and gets them a showcase in Nashville, leading to meetings with Amy Grant (Nicole DuPort) and Michael W. Smith (Jake B. Miller). Millard has been unable to reconcile with Shannon, who rejects his invitation to tour with the band to their upcoming Nashville showcase. While the band felt their performance was the best of their career, industry representatives reject the band as not being good enough to sell records. In despair, Millard quits the band. After talking with Brickell, who encourages him to resolve his issues with his father, Millard rejoins the band but asks they wait for him to confront his father and settle the conflict before they play again.
Millard returns home and is greeted enthusiastically by his father, who prepares breakfast for him the next morning. His father claims to have become a Christian, but Bart is initially skeptical and rejects his father's offer to start over. In anger, Arthur takes a baseball bat and hits his old Jeep, which he had hoped to repair with his son. As Bart prepares to leave, he finds out his father has terminal cancer. Bart and his father reconcile and form a deep bond before Arthur dies of his illness.
After his father's funeral, Millard rejoins the band and writes "I Can Only Imagine". Brickell sends the demo tape to several artists, including Grant, who, deeply moved by the song, asks to record it herself as her next single. The band accepts Grant's offer. Millard is seated in the audience when Grant intends to unveil the song live in concert. However, Grant decides that Millard should be the one to sing the song, and offers it back to him, calling him to the microphone to sing it before the large audience. Millard's unexpected performance is wildly applauded and he reunites with Shannon, who had also been in attendance at the concert. The band releases the song as their first single, achieving success on Christian and mainstream radio.
Cast[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard
Brody Rose as Young Bart
Dennis Quaid as Arthur Millard, Bart's father
Tanya Clarke as Adele
Cloris Leachman as Meemaw, Bart's grandmother
Madeline Carroll as Shannon, Bart's girlfriend
Taegen Burns as Young Shannon
Trace Adkins as Scott Brickell, MercyMe's manager
Priscilla Shirer as Mrs. Fincher, Bart's teacher
Nicole DuPort as Amy Grant
Jake B. Miller as Michael W. Smith
Mark Furze as Nathan
Production[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)
The film was announced in December 2016.[4] Dennis Quaid joined the cast in January 2017.[5] Broadway actor J. Michael Finley makes his film debut as Bart Millard.[1] The same month, it was announced that the film was slated for release in the spring of 2018.[5] In August 2017, Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions signed on as distributors for the film for a nationwide release in the United States.[1][6]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of June 24, 2018[update], I Can Only Imagine has grossed $83.4 million in the United States, and Canada and $1.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $85.2 million, against a production budget of $7 million.[2] It is the third-highest grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States, behind Straight Outta Compton and Walk the Line.[7] It is also the highest-grossing independent film of 2018.[8]
I Can Only Imagine was released on March 16, 2018, alongside Tomb Raider and Love, Simon, and was originally projected to gross $2–4 million from 1,620 theaters in its opening weekend.[9] However, after making $6.2 million on its first day (including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews), weekend estimates were increased to $14 million.[10] It ended up grossing $17.1 million, exceeding expectations and finishing third at the box office behind Black Panther and Tomb Raider. 67% of the opening weekend audience was female while 80% was over the age of 35.[11] It was the fourth best-ever opening for a faith-based film, following The Passion of the Christ ($83.8 million), Son of God ($25.6 million) and Heaven Is for Real ($22.5 million).[12] In its second weekend the film was added to 624 additional theaters and dropped just 19% to $13.8 million, again finishing third.[13] It was added to another 395 venues and finished fourth in its third weekend, making $10.4 million (including $3 million on Easter Sunday).[14]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 68% based on 25 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "I Can Only Imagine's message will have the most impact among Christian audiences, but overall, its performances and storytelling represent a notable evolution in faith-based cinema."[15] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 29 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[16] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to earn such a score.[10]
The Arizona Republic's James Ward gave the film 4/5 stars and wrote, "Too often faith-based films — say anything with Kirk Cameron or the terrible God's Not Dead series — tend to preach to the choir or hector their audience. The Erwins’ films — I Can Only Imagine definitely among them — are more inclusive, charitable of spirit and hopeful, all qualities that are always appreciated, be they rooted in Christian faith or otherwise."[17] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "C–" saying: "There’s a reason why all of these movies are so amateurishly made; why they all end with links to religious websites; why they all look like they were shot on an iPhone by a Walmart-brand Janusz Kaminski who lit each interior like the white light of heaven was streaming through every window...Art can be affirmation, but affirmation cannot be art."[18]
Home media[edit]
The film was released on iTunes and Google Play on June 5, 2018, and on DVD and Blu-ray on June 12, 2018.[19][20]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Anita, Busch (August 14, 2017). "Faith-Based 'I Can Only Imagine' Picked Up By Lionsgate & Roadside Attractions". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "I Can Only Imagine (2018)". The Numbers. Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Patrick (March 13, 2018). "How did 'I Can Only Imagine' become the biggest Christian hit ever (and inspire a movie)?". USA Today. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Staff Reports (December 2, 2016). "MercyMe hit song turning into Okie production". NewsOK. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Busch, Anita (January 5, 2017). "Faith-Based Film 'I Can Only Imagine' With Dennis Quaid, Cloris Leachman And Trace Adkins Eyes Spring 2018 Release". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Galuppo, Mia (August 14, 2017). "Lionsgate, Roadside Acquire Faith-Based Drama 'I Can Only Imagine'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Biopic - Music Movies at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Erbland, Kate. "The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2018 (A Running List) – IndieWire". IndieWire. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fuster, Jeremy (March 13, 2018). "Will 'Tomb Raider' Be the Movie to Finally Knock 'Black Panther' From Box Office Perch?". TheWrap. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 16, 2018). "'Black Panther' Poised For $460M+ In Profit; 'I Can Only Imagine' Surprises – Box Office Update". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 18, 2018). "'Black Panther' Keeps B.O. Treasure From 'Tomb Raider'; How 'I Can Only Imagine' Hit A $17M High Note". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: 'I Can Only Imagine' Revives Faith-Based Genre". The Hollywood Reporter. March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 25, 2018). "Does 'Pacific Rim: Uprising' Break Even At The Global B.O.?; 'Black Panther' Sets Marvel Record – Sunday Postmortem". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (April 1, 2018). "How Warner Bros. Sold 'Ready Player One' On The Spielberg Spirit & Beat Tracking With $53M+ 4-Day – Sunday Postmortem". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "I Can Only Imagine (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "I Can Only Imagine Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ward, James (March 15, 2018). "Faith-based drama 'I Can Only Imagine' doesn't just preach to the choir". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ehrlich, David (March 21, 2018). "'I Can Only Imagine' Review: A Christian Rock Biopic Shows Why Faith-Based Films Struggle to Convert Secular Audiences". IndieWire. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ June 5 Blu-ray, DVD, and Digital Releases Comingsoon.net, Retrieved June 22, 2018
Jump up ^ I Can Only Imagine Blu-ray Blu-ray.com, June 22, 2018
External links[edit]
Official website
I Can Only Imagine on IMDb
I Can Only Imagine at the TCM Movie Database
I Can Only Imagine at AllMovie
I Can Only Imagine at Box Office Mojo
I Can Only Imagine at History vs. Hollywood
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Digestive enzyme
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the naturally produced enzymes. For the medication, see Pancreatic enzymes (medication).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of animals (including humans) and in the traps of carnivorous plants, where they aid in the digestion of food, as well as inside cells, especially in their lysosomes, where they function to maintain cellular survival. Digestive enzymes of diverse specificities and are found in the saliva secreted by the salivary glands, in the secretions of cells lining the stomach, in the pancreatic juice secreted by pancreatic exocrine cells, and in the secretions of cells lining the small and large intestines.
Digestive enzymes are classified based on their target substrates:
Proteases and peptidases split proteins into small peptides and amino acids.
Lipases split fat into three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.
Amylases split carbohydrates such as starch and sugars into simple sugars such as glucose.
Nucleases split nucleic acids into nucleotides.
In the human digestive system, the main sites of digestion are the oral cavity, the stomach, and the small intestine. Digestive enzymes are secreted by different exocrine glands including:
Salivary glands
Secretory cells in the stomach
Secretory cells in the pancreas
Secretory glands in the small intestine
Contents
[hide]
1 Mouth
2 Stomach
3 Pancreas
4 Small intestine
5 References
Mouth[edit]
Complex food substances that are taken by animals and humans must be broken down into simple, soluble, and diffusible substances before they can be absorbed. In the oral cavity, salivary glands secrete an array of enzymes and substances that aid in digestion and also disinfection. They include the following:[1]
lingual lipase: Lipid digestion initiates in the mouth. Lingual lipase starts the digestion of the lipids/fats.
Salivary amylase: Carbohydrate digestion also initiates in the mouth. Amylase, produced by the salivary glands, breaks complex carbohydrates to smaller chains, or even simple sugars. It is sometimes referred to as ptyalin.
lysozyme: Considering that food contains more than just essential nutrients, e.g. bacteria or viruses, the lysozome offers a limited and non-specific, yet beneficial antiseptic function in digestion.
Of note is the diversity of the salivary glands. There are two types of salivary glands:
serous glands: These glands produce a secretion rich in water, electrolytes, and enzymes. A great example of a serous oral gland is the parotid gland.
Mixed glands: These glands have both serous cells and mucous cells, and include sublingual and submandibular glands. Their secretion is mucinous and high in viscosity.
Stomach[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The enzymes that are secreted in the stomach are called gastric enzymes. The stomach plays a major role in digestion, both in a mechanical sense by mixing and crushing the food, and also in an enzymatic sense, by digesting it. The following are enzymes produced by the stomach and their respective function:
Pepsin is the main gastric enzyme. It is produced by the stomach cells called "chief cells" in its inactive form pepsinogen, which is a zymogen. Pepsinogen is then activated by the stomach acid into its active form, pepsin. Pepsin breaks down the protein in the food into smaller particles, such as peptide fragments and amino acids. Protein digestion, therefore, first starts in the stomach, unlike carbohydrate and lipids, which start their digestion in the mouth.
Gastric lipase: Gastric lipase is an acidic lipase secreted by the gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa in the stomach. It has a pH optimum of 3–6. Gastric lipase, together with lingual lipase, comprise the two acidic lipases. These lipases, unlike alkaline lipases (such as pancreatic lipase), do not require bile acid or colipase for optimal enzymatic activity. Acidic lipases make up 30% of lipid hydrolysis occurring during digestion in the human adult, with gastric lipase contributing the most of the two acidic lipases. In neonates, acidic lipases are much more important, providing up to 50% of total lipolytic activity.
hormones or compounds produced by the stomach and their respective function:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl): This is in essence positively charged hydrogen atoms (H+), or in lay-terms stomach acid, and is produced by the cells of the stomach called parietal cells. HCl mainly functions to denature the proteins ingested, to destroy any bacteria or virus that remains in the food, and also to activate pepsinogen into pepsin.
Intrinsic factor (IF): Intrinsic factor is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. Vitamin B12 (Vit. B12) is an important vitamin that requires assistance for absorption in terminal ileum. Initially in the saliva, haptocorrin secreted by salivary glands binds Vit. B, creating a Vit. B12-Haptocorrin complex. The purpose of this complex is to protect Vitamin B12 from hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach. Once the stomach content exits the stomach into the duodenum, haptocorrin is cleaved with pancreatic enzymes, releasing the intact vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor (IF) produced by the parietal cells then binds Vitamin B12, creating a Vit. B12-IF complex. This complex is then absorbed at the terminal portion of the ileum.
Mucin: The stomach has a priority to destroy the bacteria and viruses using its highly acidic environment but also has a duty to protect its own lining from its acid. The way that the stomach achieves this is by secreting mucin and bicarbonate via its mucous cells, and also by having a rapid cell turn-over.
Gastrin: This is an important hormone produced by the "G cells" of the stomach. G cells produce gastrin in response to stomach stretching occurring after food enters it, and also after stomach exposure to protein. Gastrin is an endocrine hormone and therefore enters the bloodstream and eventually returns to the stomach where it stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Intrinsic factor (IF).
Of note is the division of function between the cells covering the stomach. There are four types of cells in the stomach:
Parietal cells: Produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Gastric chief cells: Produce pepsinogen. Chief cells are mainly found in the body of stomach, which is the middle or superior anatomic portion of the stomach.
Mucous neck and pit cells: Produce mucin and bicarbonate to create a "neutral zone" to protect the stomach lining from the acid or irritants in the stomach chyme.
G cells: Produce the hormone gastrin in response to distention of the stomach mucosa or protein, and stimulate parietal cells production of their secretion. G cells are located in the antrum of the stomach, which is the most inferior region of the stomach.
Secretion by the previous cells is controlled by the enteric nervous system. Distention in the stomach or innervation by the vagus nerve (via the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system) activates the ENS, in turn leading to the release of acetylcholine. Once present, acetylcholine activates G cells and parietal cells.
Pancreas[edit]
Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland, in that it functions to produce endocrinic hormones released into the circulatory system (such as insulin, and glucagon), to control glucose metabolism, and also to secrete digestive/exocrinic pancreatic juice, which is secreted eventually via the pancreatic duct into duodenum. Digestive or exocrine function of pancreas is as significant to the maintenance of health as its endocrine function.
Two of the population of cells in the pancreatic parenchyma make up its digestive enzymes:
Ductal cells: Mainly responsible for production of bicarbonate (HCO3), which acts to neutralize the acidity of the stomach chyme entering duodenum through the pylorus. Ductal cells of the pancreas are stimulated by the hormone secretin to produce their bicarbonate-rich secretions, in what is in essence a bio-feedback mechanism; highly acidic stomach chyme entering the duodenum stimulates duodenal cells called "S cells" to produce the hormone secretin and release to the bloodstream. Secretin having entered the blood eventually comes into contact with the pancreatic ductal cells, stimulating them to produce their bicarbonate-rich juice. It is interesting to note that secretin also inhibits production of gastrin by "G cells", and also stimulates acinar cells of the pancreas to produce their pancreatic enzyme.
Acinar cells: Mainly responsible for production of the inactive pancreatic enzymes (zymogens) that, once present in the small bowel, become activated and perform their major digestive functions by breaking down proteins, fat, and DNA/RNA. Acinar cells are stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK), which is a hormone/neurotransmitter produced by the intestinal cells (I cells) in the duodenum. CCK stimulates production of the pancreatic zymogens.
Pancreatic juice, composed of the secretions of both ductal and acinar cells, is made up of the following digestive enzymes:[2]
Trypsinogen, which is an inactive(zymogenic) protease that, once activated in the duodenum into trypsin, breaks down proteins at the basic amino acids. Trypsinogen is activated via the duodenal enzyme enterokinase into its active form trypsin.
Chymotrypsinogen, which is an inactive (zymogenic) protease that, once activated by duodenal enterokinase, turns into chymotrypsin and breaks down proteins at their aromatic amino acids. Chymotrypsinogen can also be activated by trypsin.
Carboxypeptidase, which is a protease that takes off the terminal amino acid group from a protein
Several elastases that degrade the protein elastin and some other proteins.
Pancreatic lipase that degrades triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
Sterol esterase
Phospholipase
Several nucleases that degrade nucleic acids, like DNAase and RNAase
Pancreatic amylase that breaks down starch and glycogen which are alpha-linked glucose polymers. Humans lack the cellulases to digest the carbohydrate cellulose which is a beta-linked glucose polymer.
Pancreas's exocrine function owes part of its immaculate function to bio-feedback mechanisms controlling secretion of its juice. The following significant pancreatic bio-feedback mechanisms are essential to the maintenance of pancreatic juice balance/production:[3]
Secretin, a hormone produced by the duodenal "S cells" in response to the stomach chyme containing high hydrogen atom concentration (high acidicity), is released into the blood stream; upon return to the digestive tract, secretion decreases gastric emptying, increases secretion of the pancreatic ductal cells, as well as stimulating pancreatic acinar cells to release their zymogenic juice.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a unique peptide released by the duodenal "I cells" in response to chyme containing high fat or protein content. Unlike secretin, which is an endocrine hormone, CCK actually works via stimulation of a neuronal circuit, the end-result of which is stimulation of the acinar cells to release their content. CCK also increases gallbladder contraction, resulting in bile squeezed into the cystic duct, common bile duct and eventually the duodenum. Bile of course helps absorption of the fat by emulsifying it, increasing its absorptive surface. Bile is made by the liver, but is stored in the gallbladder.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is produced by the mucosal duodenal cells in response to chyme containing high amounts of carbohydrate, proteins, and fatty acids. Main function of GIP is to decrease gastric emptying.
Somatostatin is a hormone produced by the mucosal cells of the duodenum and also the "delta cells" of the pancreas. Somatostatin has a major inhibitory effect, including on pancreatic production.
Small intestine[edit]
The following enzymes/hormones are produced in the duodenum:
secretin: This is an endocrine hormone produced by the duodenal "S cells" in response to the acidity of the gastric chyme.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a unique peptide released by the duodenal "I cells" in response to chyme containing high fat or protein content. Unlike secretin, which is an endocrine hormone, CCK actually works via stimulation of a neuronal circuit, the end-result of which is stimulation of the acinar cells to release their content.[4] CCK also increases gallbladder contraction, causing release of pre-stored bile into the cystic duct, and eventually into the common bile duct and via the ampulla of Vater into the second anatomic position of the duodenum. CCK also decreases the tone of the sphincter of Oddi, which is the sphincter that regulates flow through the ampulla of Vater. CCK also decreases gastric activity and decreases gastric emptying, thereby giving more time to the pancreatic juices to neutralize the acidity of the gastric chyme.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP): This peptide decreases gastric motility and is produced by duodenal mucosal cells.
motilin: This substance increases gastro-intestinal motility via specialized receptors called "motilin receptors".
somatostatin: This hormone is produced by duodenal mucosa and also by the delta cells of the pancreas. Its main function is to inhibit a variety of secretory mechanisms.
Throughout the lining of the small intestine there are numerous brush border enzymes whose function is to further break down the chyme released from the stomach into absorbable particles. These enzymes are absorbed whilst peristalsis occurs. Some of these enzymes include:
Erepsin: converts peptones and polypeptides into amino acids.
Maltase: converts maltose into glucose.
Lactase: This is a significant enzyme that converts lactose into glucose and galactose. A majority of Middle-Eastern and Asian populations lack this enzyme. This enzyme also decreases with age. As such lactose intolerance is often a common abdominal complaint in the Middle-Eastern, Asian, and older populations, manifesting with bloating, abdominal pain, and osmotic diarrhea.
Sucrase: converts sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Other disaccharidases
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Brown, Thomas A. "Rapid Review Physiology." Mosby Elsevier, 1st Ed. p. 235
Jump up ^ Bowen, R. [1] "Exocrine Secretion of the Pancreas"
Jump up ^ Brown, Thomas A. "Rapid Review Physiology." Mosby Elsevier, 1st Ed. p. 244
Jump up ^ Morino, P; Mascagni, F; McDonald, A; Hökfelt, T (1994). "Cholecystokinin corticostriatal pathway in the rat: Evidence for bilateral origin from medial prefrontal cortical areas". Neuroscience. 59 (4): 939–52. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90297-6. PMID 7520138.
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text:
The Preacher's Wife (soundtrack)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album
Soundtrack album by Whitney Houston
Released
November 26, 1996
Recorded
January – February 1996
Genre
Gospel
soul
R&B[1]
Length
62:20
Label
Arista
Producer
Whitney Houston (also executive)
Mervyn Warren
Ricky Minor
Steve Lipson
Babyface
David Foster
Whitney Houston chronology
The Bodyguard
(1992)The Bodyguard1992 The Preacher's Wife
(1996) My Love Is Your Love
(1998)My Love Is Your Love1998
Singles from The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album
"I Believe In You And Me"
Released: December 10, 1996
"Step by Step"
Released: 24 February 1997
"My Heart Is Calling"
Released: June 10, 1997
Alternative cover
The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album is the soundtrack to the 1996 film of the same name and features songs performed by Whitney Houston, who also stars in the film. It is the best-selling gospel album of all time, and has sold an estimated 6 million copies worldwide.[2]
The lead single, "I Believe in You and Me" (a cover of The Four Tops classic), became a top five hit in the U.S.[3] and was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 40th Grammy Awards, as well as for Best R&B Album.[4]
"Step by Step" was another hit single, peaking at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. "My Heart Is Calling" became the soundtrack's final release.
"Lay Aside Every Weight", covered and performed by Georgia Mass Choir and Whitney Houston, appears in the film but not on the motion picture soundtrack for unknown reasons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Reception
2 Track listing
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Certifications and sales
5 Accolades
5.1 Academy Awards
5.2 American Music Awards
5.3 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
5.4 Essence Awards
5.5 GMA (Gospel Music Association) Dove Awards
5.6 Grammy Awards
5.7 NAACP Image Awards
5.8 The NARM Best Seller Awards
5.9 People's Choice Awards
5.10 Soul Train Music Awards
5.11 Trumpet Awards
6 See also
7 References
Reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [1]
Entertainment Weekly A−[5]
The New York Times (Positive)[6]
Rolling Stone [7]
Released on November 26, 1996, The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album debuted at number 12 on the Billboard 200 albums chart on the issue dated December 14, 1996, selling 90,500 units in the first week.[8] On its second week, the album jumped to number four on the chart with the Greatest Gainer mark, and the following week reached number three, which was the album's peak position.[9][10] The album also debuted at number eight on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart, and in three weeks later, peaked at the number one and remained there for two weeks, becoming her fourth number one album on the chart.[11][12] It stayed for a total of 38 weeks, 49 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart and the Top R&B Albums chart respectively.[11][13]
In addition, The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack was more successful on the Billboard Top Gospel Albums chart than on any other chart. The album debuted straight at number one on the chart and spent 26 consecutive weeks at the top from December 14, 1996 to June 7, 1997. It remained on the chart for 117 weeks.[14][15] Eventually the album became number one gospel album on the 1997 Billboard Top Gospel Albums year-end chart and also "Best-selling gospel recording" by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers (NARM) in 1996-1997.[16][17] It was certified 3× Platinum for shipping 3 million copies in the United States alone by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 30, 1998.[18] According to the Nielsen SoundScan, as of 2012, the gospel album has sold 2,627,000 copies in the United States alone.[2]
Music critics saw a more emotionally engaged side of Houston, particularly with the soundtrack’s gospel offerings. “For the first time in her 12-year recording career, Houston sounds genuinely moved by her material. Early on she stumbles through the Annie Lennox-penned "Step By Step," but the presence of the Georgia Mass Choir on six subsequent tracks melts her frosty reserve,” People magazine wrote.[19]
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "I Believe in You and Me" (film version)
David Wolfert
Sandy Linzer
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
4:03
2. "Step by Step" Annie Lennox Stephen Lipson 4:12
3. "Joy" (with the Georgia Mass Choir) Kirk Franklin
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
3:16
4. "Hold On, Help Is on the Way" (with the Georgia Mass Choir) Rev. Kenneth Paden
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
3:09
5. "I Go to the Rock" (with the Georgia Mass Choir) Dottie Rambo
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
4:05
6. "I Love the Lord" (with the Georgia Mass Choir) Richard Smallwood
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
4:57
7. "Somebody Bigger Than You and I" (Featuring Bobby Brown, Faith Evans, Johnny Gill, Monica and Ralph Tresvant)
Johnny Lange
Hy Heath
Sonny Burke
Whitney Houston
Rickey Minor
4:42
8. "You Were Loved" Diane Warren Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds 4:13
9. "My Heart Is Calling" Babyface Babyface 4:15
10. "I Believe in You and Me" (single version)
David Wolfert
Sandy Linzer
David Foster 3:55
11. "Step by Step" (Remix) Annie Lennox Remixed by Teddy Riley 4:34
12. "Who Would Imagine a King"
Mervyn Warren
Hallerin Hilton Hill
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
3:31
13. "He's All Over Me" (with Shirley Caesar and the Georgia Mass Choir) Alvin Darling
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
3:53
14. "The Lord Is My Shepherd" (performed by Cissy Houston with Hezekiah Walker & The Love Fellowship Crusade Choir) Traditional
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
4:24
15. "Joy to the World" (with the Georgia Mass Choir) Traditional
Mervyn Warren
Whitney Houston
4:41
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Charts (1996–97)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[20] 34
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[21] 8
Belgian Albums Chart (Vl)[22] 34
Belgian Albums Chart (Wa)[23] 45
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[24] 17
French Albums (SNEP)[25] 28
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[26] 9
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[27] 39
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[28] 14
Scottish Albums (OCC)[29] 50
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[30] 21
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[31] 16
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[32] 11
UK Albums (OCC)[33] 35
US Billboard 200[34] 3
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[35] 1
US Top Gospel Albums (Billboard)[15] 1
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
US Billboard 200 80
US Top Pop Catalog Albums (Billboard) 9
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1996)
Position
Swedish Albums Chart[36] 78
Chart (1997)
Position
German Albums Chart[37] 73
US Billboard 200[38] 17
US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard)[38] 3
US Top Gospel Albums (Billboard)[38] 1
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[38] 17
Certifications and sales[edit]
Region
Provider
Certification
(sales thresholds)
Sales/shipments
Canada CRIA Platinum[39] 100,000+
Europe IFPI Platinum[40] 1,000,000+
Italy FIMI Gold[41] 50,000+
Japan RIAJ Platinum 250,000
Spain AFYVE Gold[42] 50,000
Sweden IFPI Gold[43] 50,000
Switzerland IFPI Gold[44] 25,000
United Kingdom BPI Silver[45] 60,000
United States RIAA 3× Platinum[46] 3,112,000[47]/
3,000,000
Worldwide
4,585,000[2][48]
Accolades[edit]
Academy Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1997 Hans Zimmer for The Preacher's Wife Best Original Musical or Comedy Score[49] Nominated
American Music Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1998 The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album Favorite Soundtrack[50] Nominated
Blockbuster Entertainment Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1997 The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album Favorite Female, R&B[51] Won
1998 The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album Favorite Soundtrack[52] Nominated
Essence Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1997 Whitney Houston (herself) The Triumphant Spirit Award[53][54] Won
GMA (Gospel Music Association) Dove Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1997 Special Award Outstanding Mainstream Contribution to Gospel Music[55] Won
1998 "I Go to the Rock" Traditional Gospel Song of the Year (with Dottie Rambo)[56][57] Won
Grammy Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1998 The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album Best R&B Album[58] Nominated
"I Believe in You and Me" Best Female R&B Vocal Performance[58] Nominated
NAACP Image Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1997 The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album Outstanding Gospel Artist (with Georgia Mass Choir)[59][60][61] Won
Outstanding Album[59][60][61] Won
The NARM Best Seller Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1997 The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album Best-selling Gospel Recording[17] Won
People's Choice Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1998 Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Female Musical Performer (tied with Reba McEntire)[62][63] Won
Soul Train Music Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1998 Special Award The 1998 Quincy Jones Award — for Outstanding Career Achievements in the field of entertainment[64][65] Won
Trumpet Awards[edit]
Trumpet Awards, the awards are intended to honor blacks who, through consistency and longevity, have inspired others and have achieved success in their chosen professions or careers.[66]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1998 Whitney Houston (herself) The Pinnacle Award[66][67] Won
See also[edit]
List of number-one R&B albums of 1997 (U.S.)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Stephen Thomas Erlewine (1996-12-23). "The Preacher's Wife - Whitney Houston | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Whitney Houston". Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived November 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "40th Annual Grammy Awards - 1998". Rock On The Net. February 25, 1998. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Willman, Chris (1996-11-29). "Diva la Différence". EW.com. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
Jump up ^ "The Pop Life". New York Times. 1996-11-21. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Whitney Houston: Album Guide | Rolling Stone Music". Rollingstone.com. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Geoff Mayfield (December 14, 1996). Between the Bullets: Watch What Happens. Billboard. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Geoff Mayfield (December 21, 1996). Between the bullets: Tube Talk. Billboard. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ The Billboard 200 chart listing for the week of December 28, 1996. Billboard. December 28, 1996. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Billboard Top R&B Albums chart listing for the week of January 11, 1997". January 11, 1997. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gail Mitchell (December 14, 2002). Arista Aims New Houston Album at 'Core Urban' Fans. Billboard. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Billboard 200 chart listing for the week of January 4, 1997". Billboard. January 4, 1997. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Datu Faison (December 14, 1996). Datu Faison's Rhythm Section. Billboard. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard Top Gospel Albums chart listing for the week of June 7, 1997. Billboard. June 7, 1997. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Billboard 1997 The Year in Music: Top Gospel Albums Year-End chart listing. Billboard. December 27, 1997. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b NARM Names Its Best Seller Awards. Billboard. April 12, 1997. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "RIAA certification for The Preacher's Wife Original Soundtrack Album". the Recording Industry Association of America. June 30, 1998. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ ‘Picks and Pans Review: The Preacher’s Wife’ People Jan. 13, 1997
Jump up ^ "Australiancharts.com – Soundtrack / Whitney Houston – The Preacher's Wife". Hung Medien. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Soundtrack / Whitney Houston – The Preacher's Wife" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack on Belgian Albums Chart (Vl)". ultratop.be. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack on Belgian Albums Chart (Wa)". ultratop.be. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Soundtrack / Whitney Houston – The Preacher's Wife" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Longplay-Chartverfolgung at Musicline" (in German). Musicline.de. Phononet GmbH. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Soundtrack / Whitney Houston – The Preacher's Wife". Hung Medien. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oricon Top 50 Albums: {{{date}}}" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards, 1997". IFPI. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
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Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. p. 896. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
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Jump up ^ "The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack, RIAA Certification". RIAA. June 30, 1998. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gary Trust (August 30, 2009). "Ask Billboard: Madonna vs. Whitney: Who's Sold More?". Billboard. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Jeff Silberman (May 13, 2000). Executive VP/GM Charles Goldstuck: Accelerating the momentum. Billboard. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The 69th Academy Awards Nominees & Winners". oscars.org. March 24, 1997. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "1998 The 25th American Music Awards Winners & Nominees". rockonthenet.com. January 26, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Eileen Fitzpatrick (February 1, 1997). 1996 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Nominees Announced. Billboard. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "1998 The 4th Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Winners & Nominees". IMDB.com. March 10, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ J.R. Reynolds (April 19, 1997). The Thythm and The Blues section, Essence Awards Accentuate The Positive; Living Legend Awards Spotlight Clayton. Billboard. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kirk Nicewonger (May 22, 1997). "Ali, Cosby headline Essence Awards". Ocala Star-Banner. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ James Lloyd (April 26, 1997). "Chapman Again Dove Artist of Year; 1997 The 28th Dove Awards Winners". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kirk Franklin, God's Property Big Winners at Dove Awards. Jet. May 18, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Jim Patterson (April 24, 1998). "Gospel awards honor late artist". Park City Daily News. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "1998 The 40th Grammy Awards Winners & Nominees". rockonthenet.com. February 25, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebony's 50th Anniversary Show, Denzel Washington Among NAACP Image Award Winners. Jet. March 3, 1997. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "1997 The 28th NAACP Image Awards Winners & Nominees". Internet Movie Database. February 8, 1997. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "NAACP Image Awards; Whitney Houston Wins for Preacher's Wife". Star-News. February 10, 1997. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Shauna Snow (January 12, 1998). "'Dharma' and 'Closet' Among People's Choice Award Winners". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "1998 The 24th People's Choice Awards Winners & Nominees". peopleschoice.com. January 11, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Anita M. Samuels (March 14, 1998). Badu Heads Soul Train; Singer Picks Up 4 Awards. Billboard. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Soul Train Music Awards Library: 1998 The 12th Soul Train Music Awards". Don Cornelius Productions, Inc. February 27, 1998. Archived from the original on July 25, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Lawrence Van Gelder (January 14, 1998). "Footlights". New York Times. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Sixth Annual Trumpet Awards Gala Pays Tribute to Black Achievement. Jet. February 9, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
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Super Bowl ring
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Steelers Super Bowl XL ring
Joe Theismann's Super Bowl ring (right)
The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl. Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectible memento for the actual players and team members to keep for themselves to symbolize the victory.
Contents
[hide]
1 Details
2 Value and resale
3 Most Super Bowl rings
4 Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Details[edit]
These rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds. They usually include the team name, team logo, and Super Bowl number (usually indicated in Roman numerals). The NFL pays for the cost of 150 rings to the winning team, at roughly $5,000,000 in total, depending upon the fluctuating cost of gold and diamonds. Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens. In 2015 (for the New England Patriots), it was reported that each ring cost $36,500, costing over $5 million, being the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced.[1] The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose, including usually, but not limited to: players (active roster or injured), coaches, trainers, executives, personnel, and general staff. Some teams have also been known to give rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season, despite not having been on the winning roster for the Super Bowl itself.[2][3] Sometimes a team will give rings to fans as part of a charity raffle.[4] Teams can distribute any number of rings, but must pay for any over the 150-ring limit. A recent trend over the last 15–20 years has been lesser rings awarded to front office staff. These are commonly called "B" and "C" level rings and are smaller and contain fewer diamonds or contain faux diamonds. The first instance of this was the Redskins Super Bowl XVII ring when many in the front office received rings that were not solid gold and contained cubic zirconia stones (which resemble diamonds). When Tampa Bay won Super Bowl XXXVII, the players and coaches received rings with a diamond-centered Lombardi trophy. Some staff received rings with a metal Lombardi trophy and real diamonds surrounding the trophy and the "C" level ring did not contain any diamonds.
Many rings feature diamonds in the shape of the Vince Lombardi Trophy or a football. Some feature diamonds or gold in the shape of a team logo. Others illustrate the number of Super Bowls that franchise has won. Also, the rings are customized with the player's name and uniform number.
The Green Bay Packers Super Bowl XLV ring[5] contained more than 100 diamonds. The Packer logo, in the center of the ring, made up 13 diamonds, one for each title the team has won, dating back to 1929. In a break from tradition, this is the first super bowl ring to be made of platinum, not gold.[citation needed]
The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter. [6]
Value and resale[edit]
Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles, along with genuine rings. Dave Meggett is known to have placed his ring for sale on eBay. Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008.[7] Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia.[8] Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury.[9]
In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction. Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' great Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction. In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000. The most expensive super bowl ring is $149,000[citation needed]
Most Super Bowl rings[edit]
Seven: Two people:
Bill Belichick: two as defensive coordinator of the Giants and five as head coach of New England
Neal Dahlen:[10][11] five with San Francisco (Staff and Player Personnel) and two with Denver (General Manager)
Six: Six people:
Dan Rooney and Art Rooney II: each as an executive with Pittsburgh
Chuck Noll: four as head coach and two as a team consultant with Pittsburgh
Bill Nunn: each as a scout with Pittsburgh[12][13]
"Mean Joe" Greene: four as a defensive tackle, two as a special assistant for player personnel, all with the Pittsburgh Steelers[14]
Conditioning coach Mike Woicik: three with Dallas and three with New England
Five: Twenty people. Only two people have won all five of their Super Bowl rings as a player:
Tom Brady (all with New England). Won five Super Bowl rings as the starting quarterback. He has the most rings of any active player (as of the end of the 2016-17 season), and the first and only player to win five playing for one team.
Robert Kraft, five as owner of New England
Charles Haley (who played on two winning teams, the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers)
Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., five as owner of San Francisco
Keith Simon: five as CFO and Executive VP with San Francisco
Bobb McKittrick: five as offensive line coach with San Francisco
Ray Rhodes: five as an assistant coach with San Francisco
Bill McPherson: five as defensive line coach with San Francisco
Dick Hoak: each as a running backs coach with Pittsburgh
Romeo Crennel: two as a defensive coach with Giants and three as a defensive coordinator with New England
George Seifert: three as an assistant coach and two as a head coach all with San Francisco 49ers
Dwight Clark: two as a player and three as a member of the front office, all with San Francisco
Pepper Johnson: two as a linebacker for the Giants and three as an assistant coach with New England
Monsignor Peter Armstrong: five as chaplain for San Francisco
Markus Paul: three as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the Patriots, and two as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the Giants[15]
Tim Rooney: Three with Pittsburgh Steelers and two with New York Giants (as Pro Personnel Director/Scout)
Josh McDaniels has won five with the New England Patriots his first as personnel assistant, second as defensive coaching assistant, third as quarterbacks coach and his fourth and fifth as offensive coordinator.
Ivan Fears has won five with the New England Patriots his first as wide receivers coach and the remaining as running backs coach.
Ernie Adams has won five with the New England Patriots as a football research director
Brian Daboll has won five with the New England Patriots, one as a defensive coaching assistant, two as wide receivers coach, and two as tight ends coach
Four: at least 39 players, many coaches and staff
The first player to win four Super Bowl rings was tight-end Marv Fleming, who got a pair with the Green Bay Packers in 1966 and 1967, and another pair with the Miami Dolphins in 1972 and 1973.
Twenty-two players earned four rings with the Steelers in the 1970s: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, Mel Blount, Jack Lambert, Jack Ham, Mike Webster, Donnie Shell, L. C. Greenwood, Rocky Bleier, Gerry Mullins, Larry Brown, Mike Wagner, J.T. Thomas, Loren Toews, Jon Kolb, Sam Davis, Steve Furness, Dwight White, Randy Grossman and the previously mentioned Joe Greene (who later added two more rings). At least five coaches were with the team all four years: George Perles, Louis Riecke, Woody Widenhofer and (as noted above) Chuck Noll and Dick Hoak. The list of Steelers front office staff receiving four rings during that era includes Director of Player Personnel Dick Haley.
Tom Flores: First person to have rings as a player (Kansas City Chiefs), assistant coach and head coach (Oakland Raiders)
Joe Montana, Keena Turner, Jesse Sapolu, Eric Wright, Mike Wilson and Ronnie Lott each won four Super Bowl rings with the 49ers.
Kicker Adam Vinatieri won three with the Patriots and one with the Colts.
Russ Grimm won three with the Washington Redskins and one with the Pittsburgh Steelers
Ted Hendricks won one with the Baltimore Colts and three with the Raiders
Bill Romanowski won two with the 49ers and two with the Denver Broncos
Coach Charlie Weis won one with the Giants and three with the Patriots
Matt Millen has four rings while playing for four different cities and three different teams, one with Oakland, one with Los Angeles, one with San Francisco, and one with Washington (only player to earn a ring with four different cities)
Sherman Lewis won three as running backs coach with San Francisco and one as offensive coordinator with Green Bay.
Willie Davis[16] Won all four rings with the Green Bay Packers. Two as a player, one as a member of the team's board of directors, and one as an emeritus director. He is the only person to possess all four of Green Bay's Super Bowl rings. It should be noted that Davis also won rings as a member of the 1961, 1962 and 1965 NFL Championship Green Bay Packer teams, bringing his unofficial championship ring count to seven, as the first three were awarded prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.
Mike Pope won all four of his Super Bowl rings as the long time Tight End coach for the New York Giants
Ken Norton, Jr. was the first member of 3 Super Bowl-winning teams in a row as a player, and gained a 4th ring as the Linebacker coach for the 2013 Seattle Seahawks.
Larry Izzo won three super bowls with the New England Patriots, and one as the special teams assistant coach with the New York Giants
Coach Gary Kubiak won one with the 49ers as Quarterbacks Coach, two with the Broncos as Offensive Coordinator, and one as the Head Coach of the Broncos
Dante Scarnecchia has won four with the New England Patriots as an offensive line coach, along with being assistant head coach for three of them
Brian Pariani has won four rings. One as an offensive assistant coach with the San Francisco 49ers and three as the Tight Ends coach with the Denver Broncos
Three: many players, coaches and staff
Among the many figures with three are Bill Walsh, John Elway, Mike Ditka, Mike Shanahan, Art Shell, Jerry Rice, Steve Young, Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, Jay Novacek, Michael Irvin, Larry Brown, Eric Mangini, Joe Gibbs, Dave Dalby, Cliff Branch, Roger Craig, Shannon Sharpe, Ed McCaffrey, Mark Schlereth and Tom Coughlin.
Twenty-two players earned three rings with the New England Patriots during the early 2000s: Troy Brown, Willie McGinest, Richard Seymour, Ty Law, Mike Vrabel, Tedy Bruschi, Kevin Faulk, Matt Light, Patrick Pass, Ted Johnson, Lonie Paxton, Stephen Neal, Joe Andruzzi, David Patten, Larry Izzo, Roman Phifer, Tom Ashworth, Adrian Klemm, Je'Rod Cherry, Matt Chatham, the aforementioned Adam Vinatieri who later added a fourth ring with the Colts, and the aforementioned Tom Brady who would go on to win two additional Super Bowls with the Patriots.
Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings[edit]
A select few have won championships in both the NFL and Canada’s equivalent Canadian Football League (CFL).
Terry Greer was the first person to win both championships; he won the Grey Cup as a member of the Toronto Argonauts in 1983, and two Super Bowl rings as a member of the San Francisco 49ers in 1988 and 1989.
Brandon Browner (cornerback) won a ring in 2008 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders. He then won a Super Bowl ring in 2013 with the Seattle Seahawks, although he did not play in that game due to a suspension. He went on to play against the Seahawks in the next year's Super Bowl, where he won a second ring with the 2014 New England Patriots.
O. J. Brigance won a Grey Cup ring in 1995 with the CFL’s Baltimore Stallions and won a Super Bowl ring in 2001 with the Baltimore Ravens. He is the only player to win both a Grey Cup and a Super Bowl with teams from the same city.
Harald Hasselbach won a ring in 1992 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders and won a Super Bowl ring in 1997 with the Denver Broncos.
Tyrone Williams won two Super Bowl rings with Dallas in 1992 and 1993, though he did not participate in either game. He then won a Grey Cup ring with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996.
Alvin Walton (safety) won two Super Bowl rings with the NFL's Washington Redskins (1987 and 1991 seasons, but did not participate in the 1991 season Super Bowl victory over the Buffalo Bills) and won a Grey Cup ring with the Baltimore Stallions in 1995.
Bobby Singh (guard) is the only player to win a Grey Cup (2006 with the BC Lions), a Super Bowl (1999 with the St. Louis Rams) and the XFL Championship (2001 with the Los Angeles Xtreme).
Barry Wilburn (cornerback) won the Grey Cup in 1994 with the BC Lions and a Super Bowl with the Washington Redskins in 1988.
See also[edit]
National Football League portal
Championship ring
World Series ring
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://espn.go.com/blog/new-england-patriots/post/_/id/4782282/how-much-does-each-patriots-super-bowl-ring-cost
Jump up ^ Sando, Mike (December 16, 2007). "Week 15: Winter Leaves its Mark: Playoff Picture Remains Muddled". Last Call. ESPN.
Jump up ^ Duncan, Jeff (September 28, 2011). "Former New Orleans Saints Player Steve Gleason Gets a Super Bowl Ring at an Emotional Party". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans.
Jump up ^ d'Estries, Michael (September 21, 2010). "New Orleans Saints Raffle Super Bowl Ring for Gulf Spill Charities". Mother Nature Network.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Michael (June 16, 2011). "Packers Marvel at Super Bowl Ring's Might". In My Opinion. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/19601640/new-england-patriots-super-bowl-li-rings-designed-283-diamonds-apparent-nod-comeback-atlanta-falcons
Jump up ^ "Steelers Super Bowl Rings Sold In Online Auction". Pittsburgh: WTAE-TV. July 21, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Je'Rod Cherry Super Bowl XXXVI Ring Raffle". Celebrities for Charities. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2009. This ring is currently in the possession of a sports collector in Ottawa,Canada
Jump up ^ Garber, Greg. "Super Bowl Ring 'a Symbol of Excellence'". ESPN. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Edholm, Eric (January 26, 2011). "Lord of the Rings". Pro Football Weekly. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Delozier, Dave (February 6, 2011). "7 Super Bowl Rings for a Coloradan". Denvery: KUSA-TV. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (February 27, 2007). "Long-Time Scout Bill Nunn Is a Man who Made a Difference" (Press release). Pittsburgh Steelers. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouchette, Ed (February 20, 2010). "Steelers Scout Nunn Receives Honor". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (February 12, 2009). "Greene one of few with six rings" (Press release). Pittsburgh Steelers. Archived from the original on February 5, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mayer, Larry (March 6, 2012). "Former Bears Safety Boasts Five Super Bowl Rings" (Press release). Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Spofford, Mike (July 2, 2011). "One man has all four rings" (Press release). Green Bay Packers. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
External links[edit]
Images of the first 45 Super Bowl Rings at ESPN.com
Images of all of the Super Bowl Rings, photos of presentation boxes & conference rings at sports-rings.com
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/wiki/Roman_numeral
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Roman numeral

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/wiki/American_football_ball
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American football ball

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/wiki/Joe_Greene_(American_football)
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Joe Greene (American football)

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/wiki/Edward_J._DeBartolo,_Jr.
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Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr.

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J. T. Thomas (cornerback)

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Eric C. Wright

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/wiki/Los_Angeles_Raiders
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Los Angeles Raiders

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Ken Norton, Jr.

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Steve Young (American football)

values: Edit section: Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings

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St. Louis Rams

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http://sports-rings.com/gallery.htm

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