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Eastern Cape
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Eastern Cape
Oos-Kaap (in Afrikaans)
Mpuma Koloni (in Xhosa)
Province of South Africa

Coat of arms
Motto(s): Development through Unity

Location of the Eastern Cape in South Africa
Country
South Africa
Established
27 April 1994
Capital
Bhisho
Largest city
Port Elizabeth
Districts
List[show]
Nelson Mandela Bay
Buffalo City
Sarah Baartman
Amatole
Chris Hani
Joe Gqabi
OR Tambo
Alfred Nzo
Government
• Type
Parliamentary system
• Premier
Phumulo Masualle (ANC)
Area[1]:9
• Total
168,966 km2 (65,238 sq mi)
Area rank
2nd in South Africa
Highest elevation
3,019 m (9,905 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population (2011)[1]:18[2]
• Total
6,562,053
• Estimate (2017)
6,498,700
• Rank
4th in South Africa
• Density
39/km2 (100/sq mi)
• Density rank
6th in South Africa
Population groups[1]:21
• Black African
86.3%
• Coloured
8.3%
• White
4.7%
• Indian or Asian
0.4%
Languages[1]:25
• Xhosa
78.8%
• Afrikaans
10.6%
• English
5.6%
• Sotho
2.5%
Time zone
SAST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code
ZA-EC
Website
www.ecprov.gov.za
The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho, but its two largest cities are Port Elizabeth and East London. It was formed in 1994 out of the Xhosa homelands of Transkei and Ciskei, together with the eastern portion of the Cape Province. Landing place and home of the 1820 settlers, the central and eastern part of the province is the traditional home of the Xhosa people.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Law and government
3 Geography
4 Climate
5 Tourism
6 Economy
6.1 Agriculture
6.2 Industry
7 Municipalities
7.1 Metropolitan municipalities
7.2 District municipalities
8 Education
8.1 Universities
8.2 Other Educational Institutions
9 Health
9.1 Initiation rituals
10 Sports
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
The Eastern Cape as a South African Province came into existence in 1994 and incorporated areas from the former Xhosa homelands of the Transkei and Ciskei, together with what was previously part of the Cape Province. This resulted in several anomalies including the fact that the Province has four supreme courts (in Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Bhisho and Mthatha) and enclaves of KwaZulu-Natal in the province. The latter anomaly has fallen away with amendments to municipal and provincial boundaries.The province is also made of Mpondo clan, which primitively descended from Xhosa clan. Some of the Mpondo clan went to this province when they were running away from King Shaka's war. Mpondo people are more closely related to Xhosa, as they use Xhosa as their main home language.
Law and government[edit]
Main article: Politics of the Eastern Cape
The first premier was Raymond Mhlaba of the African National Congress and the current premier of Eastern Cape province is Phumulo Masualle of the African National Congress
This region is the birthplace of many prominent South African politicians, such as Steve Biko, James Calata, Charles Coghlan, Matthew Goniwe, Chris Hani, Bantu Holomisa, Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, his son Thabo Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Vuyisile Mini, Wilton Mkwayi, Oscar Mpetha, Griffiths Mxenge, Robert Resha, Walter Rubusana, Walter Sisulu, Robert Sobukwe, David Stuurman, Oliver Tambo and many more.
Geography[edit]
See also: List of cities and towns in the Eastern Cape
The Eastern Cape gets progressively wetter from west to east. The west is mostly semi-arid Karoo, except in the far south, which is temperate rainforest in the Tsitsikamma region. The coast is generally rugged with interspersed beaches. Most of the province is hilly to very mountainous between Graaff-Reinet and Rhodes including the Sneeuberge (English: Snow Mountains), Stormberge, Winterberge and Drakensberg (English: Dragon Mountains). The highest point in the province is Ben Macdhui at 3001m. The east from East London and Queenstown towards the KwaZulu-Natal border – a region known previously as Transkei – is lush grassland on rolling hills, punctuated by deep gorges with intermittent forest.
Eastern Cape has a shoreline on its east which lines southward, creating shores leading to the South Indian Ocean. In the northeast, it borders the following districts of Lesotho:
Mohale's Hoek – west of Quthing
Quthing – between Mohale and Qacha's Nek
Qacha's Nek – east of Quthing
Domestically, it borders the following provinces:
Western Cape – west
Northern Cape – northwest
Free State – north
KwaZulu-Natal – far northeast
Climate[edit]
Climate is highly varied. The west is dry with sparse rain during winter or summer, with frosty winters and hot summers. The area Tsitsikamma to Grahamstown receives more precipitation, which is also relatively evenly distributed and temperatures are mild. Further east, rainfall becomes more plentiful and humidity increases, becoming more subtropical along the coast with summer rainfall. The interior can become very cold in winter, with heavy snowfalls occasionally occurring in the mountainous regions between Molteno and Rhodes.
Port Elizabeth: Jan Max: 25 °C, Min: 18 °C; Jul Max: 20 °C, Min: 9 °C
Molteno & Barkly East: Jan Max 28 °C, Min 11 °C; Jul Max: 14 °C, Min: -7 °C
Tourism[edit]
Aloe ferox on the R61 route between Cofimvaba and Ngcobo.
The landscape is extremely diverse. The western interior is largely arid Karoo, while the east is well-watered and green. The Eastern Cape offers a wide array of attractions, including 800 km of untouched and pristine coastline along with some particularly splendid beaches, and "big-five" viewing in a malaria-free environment.
The Addo Elephant National Park, situated 73 km from Port Elizabeth, was proclaimed in 1931. Its 743 km² offers sanctuary to 170 elephants, 400 Cape buffalo and 21 black rhino of the very scarce Kenyan sub-species.
The province is the location of South Africa's only Snow skiing resort, Tiffindell, which is situated near the hamlet of Rhodes in the Southern Drakensberg on the slopes of Ben Macdhui, the highest mountain peak in the Eastern Cape (3001 m).
The National Arts Festival, held annually in Grahamstown, is Africa's largest and most colourful cultural event, offering a choice of the very best of both indigenous and imported talent. Every year for 11 days the town's population almost doubles, as over 50,000 people flock to the region for a feast of arts, crafts and sheer entertainment.
The Tsitsikamma National Park is an 80 km long coastal strip between Nature's Valley and the mouth of the Storms River. In the park the visitor finds an almost untouched natural landscape. Near the park is the Bloukrans Bridge and Bloukrans Bridge Bungy which is the world's third highest bungee jump,
Jeffreys Bay is an area with some of the country's wildest coastline, which is backed by some of Africa's most spectacular sub-tropical rainforest. Famous for its "supertubes", probably South Africa's longest and most consistently good wave, it's charged with a surf vibe as relaxed as it is friendly, and this tends to soften the effect of the wealthy set who have made this part of the coast their own.
Aliwal North, lying on a splendid agricultural plateau on the southern bank of the Orange River, is one of the country's most popular inland resorts and is famous for its hot springs.
The rugged and unspoilt Wild Coast is a place of spectacular scenery, and a graveyard for many vessels.
Whittlesea, Eastern Cape, situated in the beautiful Amatola Mountains,is now famous for the first wine estate in the province.
Economy[edit]
The Eastern Cape is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. This is largely due to the poverty found in the former homelands, where subsistence agriculture predominates.
Agriculture[edit]
There is much fertile land in the Eastern Cape, and agriculture remains important. The fertile Langkloof Valley in the southwest has enormous deciduous fruit orchards, while sheep farming predominates in the Karoo. The Alexandria-Grahamstown area produces pineapples, chicory and dairy products, while coffee and tea are cultivated at Magwa. People in the former Transkei region are dependent on cattle, maize and sorghum-farming. An olive nursery has been developed in collaboration with the University of Fort Hare to form a nucleus of olive production in the Eastern Cape.
Domestic stock farming is slowly giving way to game farming on large scale, fueled by the commercial benefits of eco-tourism and the lower risk needed to protect wild game against drought, the natural elements and poaching.
The area around Stutterheim is being grown extensively with timber plantations.
The basis of the province's fishing industry is squid, some recreational and commercial fishing for line fish, the collection of marine resources, and access to line-catches of hake.
Industry[edit]
With three import/export harbours and three airports offering direct flights to the main centres, and an excellent road and rail infrastructure, the province has been earmarked as a key area for growth and economic development in modern South Africa.
The two major industrial centres, Port Elizabeth and East London have well-developed economies based on the automotive industry. General Motors and Volkswagen both have major assembly lines in the Port Elizabeth area, while East London is dominated by the large DaimlerChrysler plant, now known as Mercedes-Benz South Africa.
Environmental-friendly projects include the Fish River Spatial Development Initiative, the Wild Coast SDI, and two industrial development zones, the East London Industrial Development Zone and the Coega IDZ near Port Elizabeth. Coega is the largest infrastructure development in post-apartheid South Africa. The construction of the deepwater Port of Ngqura was completed and the first commercial ship anchored in October 2009. It is expected that this development will give the province a major economic boost.
Other important sectors include finance, real estate, business services, wholesale and retail trade, eco-tourism (nature reserves and game ranches) and hotels and restaurants.
Municipalities[edit]
Population density in the Eastern Cape
<1 /km²
1–3 /km²
3–10 /km²
10–30 /km²
30–100 /km²
100–300 /km²
300–1000 /km²
1000–3000 /km²
>3000 /km²
Dominant home languages in the Eastern Cape
Afrikaans
English
Xhosa
Zulu
Sotho
No language dominant
The Eastern Cape Province is divided into two metropolitan municipalities and six district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into 37 local municipalities:
Metropolitan municipalities[edit]
Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
District municipalities[edit]
Alfred Nzo District
Matatiele
Mbizana
Ntabankulu
Umzimvubu
Amatole District
Amahlathi
Great Kei
Mbhashe
Mnquma
Ngqushwa
Raymond Mhlaba
Chris Hani District
Emalahleni
Ngcobo
Enoch Mgijima
Intsika
Inxuba Yethemba
Sakhisizwe
Joe Gqabi District
Elundini
Walter Sisulu
Senqu
O.R. Tambo District
Ingquza Hill
King Sabata Dalindyebo
Mhlontlo
Nyandeni
Port St. Johns
Sarah Baartman District
Dr Beyers Naudé
Blue Crane Route
Kou-Kamma
Kouga
Makana
Ndlambe
Sunday's River Valley
Education[edit]
The Eastern Cape Department of Education has been roundly criticised for poor primary and secondary education[3] resulting from dysfunction,[4] special interests, and issues with the South Africa teachers union, SADTU.[5][6] The province struggles with a lack of schools; a lack of teachers leading to overcrowding; a lack of textbooks; a lack of basic facilities like toilets, electricity or water; and poor transport infrastructure which regularly absents and endangers learners.[7]
By 2011, basic education had so deteriorated that the national Department of Basic Education intervened under section 100(1)(b) of the Constitution of South Africa, taking control of the province's educational administration.[6] The Eastern Cape has since been the worst-performing province educationally and especially in terms of matriculation;[7] matriculants' results averaged 51% in 2009,[8] 58.3% in 2011,[9] 64.9% in 2013,[10] 65.4% in 2014, and 56.8% in 2015.[11][12]
In the 2015/2016 financial year, the province failed to spend R530 million of its allocated R1.5 billion budget for education, most of it intended for infrastructure development.[13][14]
Equal Education's 2017 report, Planning to Fail, found a "systemic failure in Eastern Cape education".[15]
Universities[edit]
Rhodes University (Grahamstown)
Nelson Mandela University (Port Elizabeth)
University of Fort Hare (main campus in Alice, satellite campuses in Bhisho and East London)
Walter Sisulu University (campuses in Buffalo City, Butterworth, Mthatha and Queenstown)
Pearson Institute of Higher Education (campuses in East London and Port Elizabeth)
Other Educational Institutions[edit]
Port Elizabeth College
College of the Transfiguration, Grahamstown
Eastcape Midlands TVET College (6 campuses in Uitenhage, 1 in Grahamstown, 1 in Graaff-Reinet, and 1 in Port Elizabeth)
Various independent FET Colleges (Further Education and Training)
Health[edit]
Tuberculosis and HIV are the province's leading causes of avoidable mortality, accounting for 9.8% and 5.4% of those deaths.[4]
Initiation rituals[edit]
The Eastern Cape is known for its traditional black initiation schools, which perform coming-of-age ceremonies involving circumcision and bushwhacking. These annually lead to the deaths of teenage males due to botched circumcisions, sepsis, pneumonia and hypothermia.[16][17]
Sports[edit]
Boxing
Premier Boxing League
Checkers/Draughts
Mind Sports South Africa
eSports
Mind Sports South Africa
Soccer
Chippa United F.C. (Port Elizabeth)
Cricket
Chevrolet Warriors (Port Elizabeth)
Rugby
Eastern Province Kings (Port Elizabeth)
Border Bulldogs (East London)
Southern Kings (Port Elizabeth)
CUESPORT
Eastern Cape Pool Billiards ( 8 Ball Pool) - ( Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Despatch, Jeffreysbay, Humansdorp, St. Francis, East Londen)
Eastern Cape Blackball Pool ( Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown)
Eastern Cape Billiards and Snooker ( Port Elizabeth, East Londen)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. ISBN 9780621413885.
Jump up ^ Mid-year population estimates, 2017 (PDF) (Report). Statistics South Africa. 31 July 2017. p. 2. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "As Zuma woos support, Eastern Cape suffers". Times LIVE. 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Ngcukana, Lubabalo (2016-02-19). "Premier's bold plans to deal with the education crisis in Eastern Cape". CityPress. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Gqirana, Thulani (2016-01-06). "Eastern Cape is a 'failed state' - education expert". News24. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
^ Jump up to: a b John, Victoria. "Special Investigating Unit to probe Eastern Cape education". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Motsepe, Tshepo (2016-01-26). "Motshekga has to account for her role in the education crisis – especially in the Eastern Cape". The Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Keet, Jacques. "Matric results a wake-up call for SA". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ "Matric pass rate 'a significant achievement'". The M&G Online. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ "Matric: Eastern Cape remains worst province". News24. 2015-01-06. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Jemsana, Busisiwe (2016-03-13). "Tripartite alliance to address E Cape education crisis". South African Broadcasting Corporation.
Jump up ^ Quintal, Genevieve. "Matric results 2015: Pass rate drops to 70.7%". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Majangaza, Sino (2016-03-09). "R530-million of unspent EC budget meant for poor schools given to other provinces". DispatchLIVE. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Phandle, Gugu (2016-03-24). "EC to return unspent R1bn: challenge is 'incapacity to utilise funds'". DispatchLIVE. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Damba-Hendrik, Nombulelo (2017-04-28). "Systemic "failure in Eastern Cape education"". Retrieved 2017-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Eastern Cape initiation claims another victim". The M&G Online. 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Jump up ^ Koyana, Xolani. "Nine boys in hospital after botched circumcisions". Retrieved 2017-05-02.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Eastern Cape.
Eastern Cape National Government information
Eastern Cape Provincial Government
Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council
Eastern Cape Development Corporation
www.queenstown.org.za
[show]
v
t
e
Province of the Eastern Cape
Capital: Bhisho
Largest city: Port Elizabeth
Population: 6,829,958 (2011)
Land area: 168,966 km2
Topics
History
Government
Politics
Economy
Climate
Ecology
Government
Premier
Legislature
High Court
Municipalities
Cities and
major towns
Port Elizabeth
East London
Uitenhage
Mthatha
Grahamstown
Queenstown
Despatch
Cradock
King William's Town
Jeffreys Bay
[show]
v
t
e
Administrative divisions of South Africa
Capitals: Pretoria (executive)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Cape Town (legislative)
Provinces
Eastern Cape
Free State
Gauteng
KwaZulu-Natal
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
North West
Northern Cape
Western Cape
Municipalities
List of municipalities in South Africa
By province
Eastern Cape
Free State
Gauteng
KwaZulu-Natal
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
North West
Northern Cape
Western Cape
Types
Metropolitan
Local
District
Transitional
Settlements
By province
Eastern Cape
Free State
Gauteng
KwaZulu-Natal
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
North West
Northern Cape
Western Cape
Coordinates: 32°S 27°E / 32°S 27°E / -32; 27
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Cape&oldid=827126394"
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Eastern Cape
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List of books of the King James Version
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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These are the books of the King James Version of the Bible along with the names and numbers given them in the Douay Rheims Bible and Latin Vulgate. This list is a complement to the list in Books of the Latin Vulgate. It is an aid to finding cross references between two longstanding standards of Biblical literature.
Contents
[hide]
1 Old Testament
2 Apocrypha
3 New Testament
4 Notes
5 Editions
Old Testament[edit]
Main article: Old Testament
King James Bible
Vulgate
Douay Rheims
Full title in the Authorised Version
Genesis Genesis Genesis The First Book of Moses, called Genesis
Exodus Exodus Exodus The Second Book of Moses, called Exodus
Leviticus Leviticus Leviticus The Third Book of Moses, called Leviticus
Numbers Numeri Numbers The Fourth Book of Moses, called Numbers
Deuteronomy Deuteronomium Deuteronomy The Fifth Book of Moses, called Deuteronomy
Joshua Josue Josue The Book of Joshua
Judges Judices Judges The Book of Judges
Ruth Ruth Ruth The Book of Ruth
1 Samuel 1 Samuelis also known as 1 Regum 1 Kings The First Book of Samuel, otherwise called the First Book of the Kings
2 Samuel 2 Samuelis also known as 2 Regum 2 Kings The Second Book of Samuel, otherwise called the Second Book of the Kings
1 Kings 3 Regum 3 Kings The First Book of the Kings, commonly called the Third Book of the Kings
2 Kings 4 Regum 4 Kings The Second Book of the Kings, commonly called the Fourth Book of the Kings
1 Chronicles 1 Paralipomenon 1 Paralipomenon The First Book of the Chronicles
2 Chronicles 2 Paralipomenon 2 Paralipomenon The Second Book of the Chronicles
Ezra 1 Esdrae 1 Esdras Ezra
Nehemiah Nehemiae also known as 2 Esdrae 2 Esdras The Book of Nehemiah
Esther Esther 1,1 – 10,3 Esther 1:1 – 10:3 The Book of Esther
Job Job Job The Book of Job
Psalms Psalmi Psalms The Book of Psalms
Proverbs Proverbia Sentences The Proverbs
Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes, or, The Preacher
Song of Solomon Canticum Canticorum Canticle of Canticles The Song of Solomon
Isaiah Isaiae Isaias The Book of the Prophet Isaiah
Jeremiah Jeremiae Jeremias The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah
Lamentations Lamentationes Lamentations The Lamentations of Jeremiah
Ezekiel Ezechielis Ezechiel The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel
Daniel Danielis 1,1 – 3,23; 3,91 – 12,13 Daniel 1:1 – 3:23; 3:91 – 12:13 The Book of Daniel
Hosea Osee Osee Hosea
Joel Joel Joel Joel
Amos Amos Amos Amos
Obadiah Adiae Adias Obadiah
Jonah Jonae Jonas Jonah
Micah Michaeae Michaeas Micah
Nahum Nahum Nahum Nahum
Habakkuk Habacuc Habacuc Habakkuk
Zephaniah Sophoniae Sophonias Zephaniah
Haggai Aggaei Aggaeus Haggai
Zechariah Zachariae Zacharias Zechariah
Malachi Malachiae Malachias Malachi
Apocrypha[edit]
Main article: Biblical apocrypha
King James Bible
Vulgate
Douay Rheims
Full title in the Authorised Version
1 Esdras 3 Esdrae 3 Esdras The First Book of Esdras
2 Esdras 4 Esdrae 4 Esdras The Second Book of Esdras
Tobit Tobiae Tobias Tobit
Judith Judith Judith Judith
Rest of Esther Esther 10,4 – 16,24 Esther 10:4 – 16:24 The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther, which are found neither in the Hebrew nor the Chaldee
Wisdom Sapientiae Wisdom The Wisdom of Solomon
Ecclesiasticus Ecclesiasticus Ecclesiasticus The Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus
Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremy Baruch Baruch Baruch
Song of the Three Children Danielis 3,24 – 90 Daniel 3:24 – 90 The Song of the Three Holy Children
Story of Susanna Danielis caput 13 Daniel chapter 13 The History of Susanna
The Idol Bel and the Dragon Danielis caput 14 Daniel chapter 14 The History of the Destruction of Bel and the Dragon
Prayer of Manasses Oratio Manassae regis Prayer of Manasses The Prayer of Manasses King of Juda when he was holden captive in Babylon
1 Maccabees 1 Machabaeorum 1 Machabees The First Book of the Maccabees
2 Maccabees 2 Machabaeorum 2 Machabees The Second Book of the Maccabees
New Testament[edit]
Main article: New Testament
King James Bible
Vulgate
Douay Rheims
Full title in the Authorised Version
St. Matthew secundum Matthaeum Matthew The Gospel According to St. Matthew
St. Mark secundum Marcum Mark The Gospel According to St. Mark
St. Luke secundum Lucam Luke The Gospel According to St. Luke
St. John secundum Ioannem John The Gospel According to St. John
The Acts Actus Acts The Acts of the Apostles
Romans ad Romanos Romans The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans
1 Corinthians 1 ad Corinthios 1 Corinthians The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians
2 Corinthians 2 ad Corinthios 2 Corinthians The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians
Galatians ad Galatas Galatians The Epistle of Paul to the Galatians
Ephesians ad Ephesios Ephesians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians
Philippians ad Philippenses Philippians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians
Colossians ad Colossenses Colossians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians
1 Thessalonians 1 ad Thessalonicenses 1 Thessalonians The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians 2 ad Thessalonicenses 2 Thessalonians The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians
1 Timothy 1 ad Timotheum 1 Timothy The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy
2 Timothy 2 ad Timotheum 2 Timothy The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy
Titus ad Titum Titus The Epistle of Paul to Titus
Philemon ad Philemonem Philemon The Epistle of Paul to Philemon
Hebrews ad Hebraeos Hebrews The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews
James Jacobi James The General Epistle of James
1 Peter 1 Petri 1 Peter The First Epistle General of Peter
2 Peter 2 Petri 2 Peter The Second Epistle General of Peter
1 John 1 Ioannis 1 John The First Epistle General of John
2 John 2 Ioannis 2 John The Second Epistle of John
3 John 3 Ioannis 3 John The Third Epistle of John
Jude Judae Jude The General Epistle of Jude
Revelation Apocalypsis Apocalypse The Revelation of St. John the Divine
Notes[edit]
There are 66 books in the King James Bible—39 in the Old Testament, and 27 in the New Testament.
In the Latin Vulgate, it is customary to separate chapter and verse with a comma, for example, "Ioannem 3,16". But in English bibles it is customary to separate chapter and verse with a colon, for example, "John 3:16".
The Psalms of the two versions are numbered differently. The Vulgate follows the Septuagint numbering, while the King James Version follows the numbering of the Masoretic Text. This generally results in the Psalms of the former being one number behind the latter. See the article on Psalms for more details.
Editions[edit]
Early editions of the King James Bible, made before the standardization of English spelling, contain variations in the spelling of the names of the books. The spellings shown here are from the Oxford World's Classics edition (ISBN 978-0199535941). Early editions often make greater use of the silent e in their spelling, e.g. "Deuteronomie" for Deuteronomy, "Booke" for book, and "Wisedom" for Wisdom.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_books_of_the_King_James_Version&oldid=836117835"
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text:
List of Memorial Cup champions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Memorial Cup
The Memorial Cup is a junior ice hockey club championship trophy awarded annually to the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) champion. Each year the champions from three CHL member leagues—the Western Hockey League (WHL), Ontario Hockey League (OHL), and Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), along with a host team—compete in the MasterCard Memorial Cup Tournament. The QMJHL's Acadie–Bathurst Titan are the defending champions.
Known originally as the OHA Memorial Cup, it was donated in 1919 by the Ontario Hockey Association in honour of the soldiers who died fighting for Canada in World War I. In 2010, the trophy was rededicated to honour all soldiers who died for Canada in any conflict. From its donation in 1919 until 1971, the Memorial Cup was awarded via a series of playoffs to the junior hockey champion of Canada. The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association moved to the current tournament format in 1972 when it divided Junior A hockey into two tiers, naming the Memorial Cup as the championship of the Major Junior rank. Sixty teams across the CHL's three member leagues are eligible to compete for the Memorial Cup, representing nine provinces and four American states.
The Western Hockey League has won the title 19 times since the adoption of the three league tournament format in 1972. The Ontario Hockey League has 17 titles, and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League has 11.[1]
Since the creation of the Memorial Cup, the Toronto Marlboros have won the most titles with seven. Among currently active teams, the Oshawa Generals lead with five titles, the latest one in 2015, while the Regina Pats follow with four.
Contents
1 Champions and challengers
1.1 1919 to 1971
1.2 1972 to 1982
1.3 1983 to present
1.4 Tournament appearances by current CHL teams
2 Notes
3 References
4 External links
Champions and challengers[edit]
1919 to 1971[edit]
The 1926 Calgary Canadians were Alberta's first Memorial Cup champion.[2]
The Memorial Cup was presented to the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) in 1919 by the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) in remembrance of the soldiers who died fighting for Canada in World War I.[3] It was to be awarded to the junior hockey champions of Canada in an east versus west format. The eastern Canadian champion, who from 1932 won the George Richardson Memorial Trophy, met the western Canadian champion, winners of the Abbott Cup.[4] The first championship featured the University of Toronto Schools against the Regina Patricia (now the Pats) in a two-game, total-goals series. The University of Toronto Schools won the title easily, defeating Regina by scores of 14–3 and 15–5 to win the series with a total score of 29–8.[2]
The head-to-head competition for the Memorial Cup has changed formats several times. The CAHA moved to a best-of-three format in 1925 as the first team to win two games was declared the champion.[5] In 1938, the series was increased to best-of-five,[6] and to best-of-seven in 1943.[7] There were two exceptions to these formats. The 1949 final between the Montreal Royals and the Brandon Wheat Kings required an eighth game after the third game ended in a tie.[8] The 1971 final between the Quebec Remparts and the Edmonton Oil Kings was nearly canceled outright in the wake of controversy surrounding the inclusion of the previously outlawed Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) as the western league was allowed to use more over-age players and received a larger travel allowance from the CAHA. The differences were resolved, and an abbreviated best-of-three series was held in Quebec City.[9]
While the Memorial Cup was not intended to be a challenge trophy, a team has twice challenged the defending champion for the cup. After the Toronto Canoe Club defeated the Selkirk Fishermen in 1920, they were met with a challenge by the Fort William Beavers for the trophy. Toronto agreed, and easily defeated Fort William 11–1 in a single game playoff.[10] The second challenge occurred a half-century later, in 1970. The WCHL's Flin Flon Bombers challenged the Montreal Junior Canadiens. Considered an outlaw league by the CAHA, WCHL teams were not permitted to participate in the Memorial Cup playoffs. The Junior Canadiens declined the challenge.[11]
TG = total goals. The team that scored the most goals in two games won the championship. From 1925 onward, the total represents the number of games won.
Cup
Champion[3]
Result[12]
Runner-up[12]
Host location(s)[12]
1919 University of Toronto Schools 29–8 (TG) Regina Patricia Toronto
1920 Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers 15–5 (TG) Selkirk Fishermen Toronto
1921 Winnipeg Junior Falcons 11–9 (TG) Stratford Midgets Toronto
1922 Fort William Great War Vets 8–7 (TG) Regina Patricia Winnipeg
1923 University of Manitoba Bisons 14–6 (TG) Kitchener Colts Toronto
1924 Owen Sound Greys 7–5 (TG) Calgary Canadians Winnipeg
1925 Regina Pats 2–0 Toronto Aura Lee Toronto
1926 Calgary Canadians 2–1 Queen's University Winnipeg
1927 Owen Sound Greys 2–0 Port Arthur West End Jrs. Toronto
1928 Regina Monarchs 2–1 Ottawa Gunners Toronto
1929 Toronto Marlboros 2–0 Elmwood Millionaires Toronto
1930 Regina Pats 2–0 West Toronto Nationals Winnipeg
1931 Elmwood Millionaires 2–1 Ottawa Primroses Toronto and Ottawa
1932 Sudbury Cub Wolves 2–1 Winnipeg Monarchs Winnipeg
1933 Newmarket Redmen 2–0 Regina Pats Toronto
1934 Toronto St. Michael's Majors 2–0 Edmonton A.C. Athletics Winnipeg
1935 Winnipeg Monarchs 2–1 Sudbury Cub Wolves Winnipeg
1936 West Toronto Nationals 2–0 Saskatoon Wesleys Toronto
1937 Winnipeg Monarchs 2–1 Copper Cliff Redmen Toronto
1938 St. Boniface Seals 3–2 Oshawa Generals Toronto
1939 Oshawa Generals 3–1 Edmonton A.C. Roamers Toronto
1940 Oshawa Generals 3–1 Kenora Thistles Winnipeg
1941 Winnipeg Rangers 3–2 Montreal Royals Toronto and Montreal
1942 Portage la Prairie Terriers 3–1 Oshawa Generals Winnipeg
1943 Winnipeg Rangers 4–2 Oshawa Generals Toronto
1944 Oshawa Generals 4–0 Trail Smoke Eaters Toronto
1945 Toronto St. Michael's Majors 4–1 Moose Jaw Canucks Toronto
1946 Winnipeg Monarchs 4–3 Toronto St. Michael's Majors Toronto
1947 Toronto St. Michael's Majors 4–0 Moose Jaw Canucks Winnipeg, Moose Jaw and Regina
1948 Port Arthur West End Bruins 4–0 Barrie Flyers Toronto
1949 Montreal Royals 4–3–1 Brandon Wheat Kings Winnipeg and Brandon
1950 Montreal Junior Canadiens 4–1 Regina Pats Montreal and Toronto
1951 Barrie Flyers 4–0 Winnipeg Monarchs Toronto, Barrie and Quebec City
1952 Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters 4–0 Regina Pats Toronto
1953 Barrie Flyers 4–1 St. Boniface Canadiens Winnipeg and Brandon
1954 St. Catharines Teepees 4–0–1 Edmonton Oil Kings Toronto
1955 Toronto Marlboros 4–1 Regina Pats Regina
1956 Toronto Marlboros 4–0–1 Regina Pats Toronto
1957 Flin Flon Bombers 4–3 Ottawa-Hull Junior Canadiens Flin Flon and Regina
1958 Ottawa-Hull Junior Canadiens 4–2 Regina Pats Ottawa and Hull
1959 Winnipeg Braves 4–1 Peterborough TPT Petes Winnipeg and Brandon
1960 St. Catharines Teepees 4–2 Edmonton Oil Kings St. Catharines and Toronto
1961 Toronto St. Michael's Majors 4–2 Edmonton Oil Kings Edmonton
1962 Hamilton Red Wings 4–1 Edmonton Oil Kings Hamilton, Guelph and Kitchener
1963 Edmonton Oil Kings 4–2 Niagara Falls Flyers Edmonton
1964 Toronto Marlboros 4–0 Edmonton Oil Kings Toronto
1965 Niagara Falls Flyers 4–1 Edmonton Oil Kings Edmonton
1966 Edmonton Oil Kings 4–2 Oshawa Generals Toronto
1967 Toronto Marlboros 4–1 Port Arthur Marrs Thunder Bay
1968 Niagara Falls Flyers 4–1 Estevan Bruins Niagara Falls and Montreal
1969 Montreal Junior Canadiens 4–0 Regina Pats Montreal and Regina
1970 Montreal Junior Canadiens 4–0 Weyburn Red Wings Montreal
1971 Quebec Remparts 2–0 Edmonton Oil Kings Quebec City
1972 to 1982[edit]
In 1970, the CAHA divided the Junior A ranks into two levels, creating a Major–Junior tier that consisted of three leagues: the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA, now the OHL) and the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL, now WHL). It was decided that the Memorial Cup would be the championship trophy of the Major Junior leagues, while the Manitoba Centennial Trophy was created as the Junior A championship.[2] The CAHA decided that beginning in 1972, the Memorial Cup would be determined via a double round-robin tournament (four games each) between the champion of the three leagues, featuring a single game championship involving the top two finishers in the tournament.[13] The creation of the WHL's Portland Winter Hawks in 1976 opened the competition up to non-Canadian teams for the first time, and in 1982, the Winter Hawks became the first American team in Memorial Cup history to compete for the trophy.[14]
Cup
Champion[3]
Score[12]
Runner-up[12]
Additional participants[12]
Host location(s)[12]
1972 Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) 2–1 Peterborough Petes (OHA) Edmonton Oil Kings (WCHL) Ottawa
1973 Toronto Marlboros (OHA) 9–1 Quebec Remparts (QMJHL) Medicine Hat Tigers (WCHL) Montreal
1974 Regina Pats (WCHL) 7–4 Quebec Remparts (QMJHL) St. Catharines Black Hawks (OHA) Calgary
1975 Toronto Marlboros (OHA) 7–3 New Westminster Bruins (WCHL) Sherbrooke Castors (QMJHL) Kitchener
1976 Hamilton Fincups (OHA) 5–2 New Westminster Bruins (WCHL) Quebec Remparts (QMJHL) Montreal
1977 New Westminster Bruins (WCHL) 6–5 Ottawa 67's (OHA) Sherbrooke Castors (QMJHL) Vancouver
1978 New Westminster Bruins (WHL) 7–4 Peterborough Petes (OHA) Trois-Rivières Draveurs (QMJHL) Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie
1979 Peterborough Petes (OHA) 2–1 (OT) Brandon Wheat Kings (WHL) Trois-Rivières Draveurs (QMJHL) Sherbrooke, Trois-Rivières and Verdun
1980 Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) 3–2 (OT) Peterborough Petes (OHA) Regina Pats (WHL) Brandon and Regina
1981 Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) 5–2 Kitchener Rangers (OHL) Victoria Cougars (WHL) Windsor
1982 Kitchener Rangers (OHL) 7–4 Sherbrooke Castors (QMJHL) Portland Winter Hawks (WHL) Hull
1983 to present[edit]
The Vancouver Giants celebrate after winning the 2007 championship on home ice.
The Memorial Cup tournament was expanded to four teams in 1983; a pre-determined host team was added in place of holding the tournament in a neutral host city. The first such host team was the Portland Winter Hawks, who set numerous firsts in the 1983 tournament. It represented the first time Memorial Cup games were held outside Canada, and by virtue of winning the tournament, the Winter Hawks became the first American team to win the Cup. The Winter Hawks also became the first team in Memorial Cup history to win the championship despite failing to win its own league title—they had been defeated by the Lethbridge Broncos in the WHL playoffs.[15]
The four-team format remains in use, and the host team cycles evenly between all three leagues. In 1987, however, only three teams competed for the Memorial Cup. To determine the host team for that tournament, the OHL held a "super series" between its two regular season division winners before the start of the playoffs. The tournament was won by the Oshawa Generals, who went on to win the OHL championship. As a result, the OHL chose to send only Oshawa to the Memorial Cup.[16] In all other tournaments, if the host team had also won their league title, the runner-up from the championship series qualified for the Memorial Cup as their league's representative.
Since the current format was adopted, the Memorial Cup has been won by each league:
Western Hockey League (WHL): 16 times
Ontario Hockey League (OHL): 12 times
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL): 8 times
Impact of automatic tournament berth for host team (since 1983):
Host teams that have won league championship: 6 (Kamloops 1995, Peterborough 1996, Hull 1997, London 2005, Moncton 2006, Kitchener 2008)
Host teams that have won Memorial Cup: 10 (Portland 1983, Sault Ste. Marie 1993, Kamloops 1995, Hull 1997, Ottawa 1999, Kelowna 2004, London 2005, Vancouver 2007, Shawinigan 2012, Windsor 2017)
Teams that have won Memorial Cup without winning league championship: 8 (Portland 1983, Sault Ste. Marie 1993, Ottawa 1999, Kelowna 2004, Quebec 2006, Vancouver 2007, Shawinigan 2012, Windsor 2017)

The host team for each tournament is listed in bold.
If a team qualified for the tournament as the runner-up of their league's championship series, it is listed in italics.
Cup
Champion[3]
Score[12]
Runner-up[12]
Additional participants[12]
1983 Portland Winter Hawks (WHL) 8–3 Oshawa Generals (OHL) Lethbridge Broncos (WHL), Verdun Juniors (QMJHL)
1984 Ottawa 67's (OHL) 7–2 Kitchener Rangers (OHL) Laval Voisins (QMJHL), Kamloops Jr. Oilers (WHL)
1985 Prince Albert Raiders (WHL) 6–1 Shawinigan Cataractes (QMJHL) Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds (OHL), Verdun Junior Canadiens (QMJHL)
1986 Guelph Platers (OHL) 6–2 Hull Olympiques (QMJHL) Kamloops Blazers (WHL), Portland Winter Hawks (WHL)
1987 Medicine Hat Tigers (WHL) 6–2 Oshawa Generals (OHL) Longueuil Chevaliers (QMJHL) [a]
1988 Medicine Hat Tigers (WHL) 7–6 Windsor Spitfires (OHL) Drummondville Voltigeurs (QMJHL)[b], Hull Olympiques (QMJHL)
1989 Swift Current Broncos (WHL) 4–3 (OT) Saskatoon Blades (WHL) Laval Titan (QMJHL), Peterborough Petes (OHL)
1990 Oshawa Generals (OHL) 4–3 (OT) Kitchener Rangers (OHL)[c] Laval Titan (QMJHL), Kamloops Blazers (WHL)
1991 Spokane Chiefs (WHL) 5–1 Drummondville Voltigeurs (QMJHL)[d] Chicoutimi Saguenéens (QMJHL), Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds (OHL)
1992 Kamloops Blazers (WHL) 5–4 Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds (OHL) Seattle Thunderbirds (WHL), Verdun Collège Français (QMJHL)
1993 Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds (OHL)[e] 4–2 Peterborough Petes (OHL) Laval Titan (QMJHL), Swift Current Broncos (WHL)
1994 Kamloops Blazers (WHL) 5–3 Laval Titan (QMJHL) Chicoutimi Saguenéens (QMJHL), North Bay Centennials (OHL)
1995 Kamloops Blazers (WHL) 8–2 Detroit Junior Red Wings (OHL) Brandon Wheat Kings (WHL), Hull Olympiques (QMJHL)
1996 Granby Prédateurs (QMJHL) 4–0 Peterborough Petes (OHL) Brandon Wheat Kings (WHL), Guelph Storm (OHL)
1997 Hull Olympiques (QMJHL) 5–1 Lethbridge Hurricanes (WHL) Chicoutimi Saguenéens (QMJHL), Oshawa Generals (OHL)
1998 Portland Winter Hawks (WHL) 4–3 (OT) Guelph Storm (OHL) Spokane Chiefs (WHL), Val-d'Or Foreurs (QMJHL)
1999 Ottawa 67's (OHL) 7–6 (OT) Calgary Hitmen (WHL) Acadie–Bathurst Titan (QMJHL), Belleville Bulls (OHL)
2000 Rimouski Océanic (QMJHL) 6–2 Barrie Colts (OHL) Halifax Mooseheads (QMJHL), Kootenay Ice (WHL)
2001 Red Deer Rebels (WHL) 6–5 (OT) Val-d'Or Foreurs (QMJHL) Ottawa 67's (OHL), Regina Pats (WHL)
2002 Kootenay Ice (WHL) 6–3 Victoriaville Tigres (QMJHL) Erie Otters (OHL), Guelph Storm (OHL)
2003 Kitchener Rangers (OHL) 6–3 Hull Olympiques (QMJHL) Kelowna Rockets (WHL), Quebec Remparts (QMJHL)
2004 Kelowna Rockets (WHL) 2–1 Gatineau Olympiques (QMJHL) Guelph Storm (OHL), Medicine Hat Tigers (WHL)
2005 London Knights (OHL) 4–0 Rimouski Océanic (QMJHL) Kelowna Rockets (WHL), Ottawa 67's (OHL)
2006 Quebec Remparts (QMJHL) 6–2 Moncton Wildcats (QMJHL) Peterborough Petes (OHL), Vancouver Giants (WHL)
2007 Vancouver Giants (WHL) 3–1 Medicine Hat Tigers (WHL) Plymouth Whalers (OHL), Lewiston Maineiacs (QMJHL)
2008 Spokane Chiefs (WHL) 4–1 Kitchener Rangers (OHL) Belleville Bulls (OHL), Gatineau Olympiques (QMJHL)
2009 Windsor Spitfires (OHL) 4–1 Kelowna Rockets (WHL) Drummondville Voltigeurs (QMJHL), Rimouski Océanic (QMJHL)
2010 Windsor Spitfires (OHL) 9–1 Brandon Wheat Kings (WHL) Moncton Wildcats (QMJHL), Calgary Hitmen (WHL)
2011 Saint John Sea Dogs (QMJHL) 3–1 Mississauga St. Michael's Majors (OHL) Owen Sound Attack (OHL), Kootenay Ice (WHL)
2012 Shawinigan Cataractes (QMJHL) 2–1 (OT) London Knights (OHL) Edmonton Oil Kings (WHL), Saint John Sea Dogs (QMJHL)
2013 Halifax Mooseheads (QMJHL) 6–4 Portland Winterhawks (WHL) London Knights (OHL), Saskatoon Blades (WHL)
2014 Edmonton Oil Kings (WHL) 6–3 Guelph Storm (OHL) Val-d'Or Foreurs (QMJHL), London Knights (OHL)
2015 Oshawa Generals (OHL) 2–1 (OT) Kelowna Rockets (WHL) Quebec Remparts (QMJHL), Rimouski Océanic (QMJHL)
2016 London Knights (OHL) 3–2 (OT) Rouyn-Noranda Huskies (QMJHL) Red Deer Rebels (WHL), Brandon Wheat Kings (WHL)
2017 Windsor Spitfires (OHL) 4–3 Erie Otters (OHL) Saint John Sea Dogs (QMJHL), Seattle Thunderbirds (WHL)
2018 Acadie-Bathurst Titan (QMJHL) 3–0 Regina Pats (WHL) Hamilton Bulldogs (OHL), Swift Current Broncos (WHL)
2019 TBD TBD Halifax Mooseheads (QMJHL)
Tournament appearances by current CHL teams[edit]
As of the completion of the 2018 Memorial Cup, the 60 teams currently active in the CHL have won 44 of the 100 annual Memorial Cup competitions held since 1919. The remaining 56 competitions were won by teams that no longer exist, or no longer compete in the CHL.
A bolded year denotes a Memorial Cup win.
An italicized year denotes team was host of the tournament.
Tournament Appearances
Final Appearances
Team
Modern
League
Wins
Runnerup
Third
Fourth
Tournament Win %
Years of appearance
16 14 Regina Pats WHL 4 10 1 1 .250 2018, 2001, 1980, 1974, 1969, 1958, 1956, 1955, 1952, 1950, 1933, 1930, 1928, 1925, 1922, 1919
12 11 Oshawa Generals OHL 5 6 1 0 .417 2015, 1997, 1990, 1987, 1983, 1966, 1944, 1943, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1938
9 7 Peterborough Petes OHL 1 6 1 1 .111 2006, 1996, 1993, 1989, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1972, 1959
7 4 Quebec Remparts QMJHL 2 2 1 2 .286 2015, 2006, 2003, 1976, 1974, 1973, 1971
7 4 Gatineau Olympiques QMJHL 1 3 1 1 .143 2008, 2004, 2003, 1997, 1995, 1988, 1986
6 3 Kamloops Blazers WHL 3 0 2 1 .500 1995, 1994, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1984
6 6 Kitchener Rangers OHL 2 4 0 0 .333 2008, 2003, 1990, 1984, 1982, 1981
6 3 Brandon Wheat Kings WHL 0 3 2 1 .000 2016, 2010, 1996, 1995, 1979, 1949
5 3 Portland Winterhawks^ WHL 2 1 2 0 .400 2013, 1998, 1986, 1983, 1982
5 3 London Knights OHL 2 1 1 1 .400 2016, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2005
5 3 Medicine Hat Tigers WHL 2 1 1 1 .400 2007, 2004, 1988, 1987, 1973
5 3 Ottawa 67's OHL 2 1 1 1 .400 2005, 2001, 1999, 1984, 1977
5 3 Kelowna Rockets WHL 1 2 1 1 .200 2015, 2009, 2005, 2004, 2003
5 2 Guelph Storm OHL 0 2 0 3 .000 2014, 2004, 2002, 1998, 1996
4 4 Windsor Spitfires OHL 3 1 0 0 .750 2017, 2010, 2009, 1988
4 2 Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds OHL 1 1 1 1 .250 1993, 1992, 1991, 1985
4 2 Rimouski Océanic QMJHL 1 1 0 2 .250 2015, 2009, 2005, 2000
3 2 Spokane Chiefs WHL 2 0 1 0 .667 2008, 1998, 1991
3 1 Swift Current Broncos WHL 1 0 1 1 .500 2018, 1993, 1989
3 1 Kootenay Ice WHL 1 0 1 1 .333 2011, 2002, 2000
3 1 Saint John Sea Dogs QMJHL 1 0 2 0 .333 2017, 2012, 2011
3 1 Drummondville Voltigeurs QMJHL 0 1 1 1 .000 2009, 1991, 1988
3 1 Val-d'Or Foreurs QMJHL 0 1 1 1 .000 2014, 2001, 1998
3 0 Chicoutimi Saguenéens QMJHL 0 0 2 1 .000 1997, 1994, 1991
2 2 Shawinigan Cataractes QMJHL 1 1 0 0 .500 2012, 1985
2 1 Halifax Mooseheads QMJHL 1 0 1 0 .500 2013, 2000
2 1 Red Deer Rebels WHL 1 0 1 0 .500 2016, 2001
2 1 Vancouver Giants WHL 1 0 1 0 .500 2007, 2006
2 1 Acadie–Bathurst Titan QMJHL 1 0 0 1 .500 2018, 1999
2 1 Edmonton Oil Kings WHL 1 0 0 1 .500 2014, 2012
2 1 Calgary Hitmen WHL 0 1 1 0 .000 2010, 1999
2 1 Moncton Wildcats QMJHL 0 1 0 1 .000 2010, 2006
2 1 Saskatoon Blades WHL 0 1 0 1 .000 2013, 1989
2 1 Erie Otters OHL 0 1 1 0 .000 2017, 2002
2 0 Seattle Thunderbirds WHL 0 0 1 1 .000 2017, 1992
1 1 Prince Albert Raiders WHL 1 0 0 0 1.000 1985
1 1 Barrie Colts OHL 0 1 0 0 .000 2000
1 1 Lethbridge Hurricanes WHL 0 1 0 0 .000 1997
1 1 Victoriaville Tigres QMJHL 0 1 0 0 .000 2002
1 1 Rouyn-Noranda Huskies QMJHL 0 1 0 0 .000 2016
1 0 Owen Sound Attack OHL 0 0 0 1 .000 2011
1 0 Hamilton Bulldogs OHL 0 0 1 0 .000 2018
Three team competition from 1972-1982 and 1987. Since 1983, third place goes to loser of semi-final game.
^Portland Winterhawks excludes 10 appearances, with two wins, as the original Edmonton Oil Kings (1951-1976).
Notes[edit]
a In 1987, the OHL organized a Super Series for the right to host the Memorial Cup tournament between the Leyden Division champions Oshawa Generals, and the Emms Division champions North Bay Centennials. The super series was played before the OHL playoffs commenced. Oshawa defeated North Bay 4 games to 3 for the right to host the Memorial Cup. Oshawa also won the OHL championship series defeating North Bay 4 games to 3. Since Oshawa won both the Super Series and the OHL Championship, only three teams participated in the Memorial Cup.[16]
b The Chicoutimi Saguenéens hosted the 1988 tournament at the Centre Georges-Vézina of Chicoutimi, but were not guaranteed a berth. They were eliminated in the playoffs so the QMJHL sent the Drummondville Voltigeurs, who finished as the championship runners-up, in their place.[17]
c The Dukes of Hamilton hosted the 1990 tournament at Copps Coliseum. However, because of the team's poor standing in the 1989–90 season, the team stepped aside for the OHL championship runners-up, the Kitchener Rangers.[18]
d The Beauport Harfangs hosted the 1991 tournament, however were not guaranteed a berth. The Harfangs were eliminated in the playoffs. The QMJHL championship runners-up Drummondville Voltigeurs were awarded this berth. The Harfangs were based in Beauport, Quebec City, a suburb of Quebec City; however, the tournament was played in the Colisée Pepsi.[19]
e The Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds won the right to host the 1993 Memorial Cup by defeating the Peterborough Petes 4 games to 0 in a Super Series, much like how Oshawa hosted in 1987. However, the Petes won the OHL championship, thus granting them a spot in the tournament.[20]
References[edit]
General
Lapp, Richard; Macaulay, Alec (1997). The Memorial Cup. Harbour Publishing. ISBN 1-55017-170-4.
"Memorial Cup History". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2012-09-03. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
"Memorial Cup Champions". The Sports Network. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
"History of Participating Teams". The Sports Network. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
Specific
Jump up ^ Flett, Cory; Watts, Jessie (eds.). 2008–09 WHL Guide. Western Hockey League. p. 206.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Memorial Cup—Canada's Junior Trophy". Edmonton Oilers Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2010-12-08. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Memorial Cup History". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2012-09-03. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 13
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 26
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 57
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 70
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 84
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 158
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 16
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, pp. 154–155
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Lapp, Richard; Macaulay, Alec (1997). The Memorial Cup. Harbour Publishing. ISBN 1-55017-170-4.
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 160
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 204
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 208
^ Jump up to: a b The Memorial Cup, p. 227
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 232
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 242
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 247
Jump up ^ The Memorial Cup, p. 255
External links[edit]
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Baby Got Back
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"My Anaconda Don't" redirects here. For the song by Nicki Minaj, see Anaconda (Nicki Minaj song).
Not to be confused with Baby Got Black.
"Baby Got Back"
Single by Sir Mix-a-Lot
from the album Mack Daddy
B-side
"Cake Boy"/"You Can't Slip"
Released
May 7, 1992
Format
7" vinyl
12" vinyl
cassette single
CD single
Recorded
1991
Genre
Hip hop
dirty rap
bounce
Length
4:22
Label
Def American
Songwriter(s)
Anthony Ray
Producer(s)
Rick Rubin
Sir Mix-a-Lot
Sir Mix-a-Lot singles chronology
"One Time's Got No Case"
(1991) "Baby Got Back"
(1992) "Swap Meet Louie"
(1992)
Baby Got Back
Sir Mix-a-Lot's "Baby Got Back" from Mack Daddy
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Baby Got Back", also known as "I Like Big Butts", is a hit song written and recorded by American rapper Sir Mix-a-Lot, from his album Mack Daddy. The song samples the 1986 Detroit techno single "Technicolor" by Channel One.
At the time of its original release, the song caused controversy with its outspoken and blatantly sexual lyrics about women, as well as specific references to the female buttocks which some people found objectionable. The video was briefly banned by MTV.[1] "Baby Got Back" has remained popular and even anthemic[2] since it was originally featured on the album Mack Daddy in 1992.
It was the second best-selling song in the US in 1992, behind Boyz II Men's "End of the Road". In 2008, it was ranked number 17 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop.[3]
The song debuted at number 75 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated April 11, 1992 and hit number one twelve weeks later. The single spent five weeks at the top of the chart.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Track listing
3 Chart performance and awards
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
3.3 Decade-end charts
4 Jonathan Coulton cover/Glee cover
5 Related songs and allusions
6 See also
7 References
7.1 Further reading
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
The first verse begins with "I like big butts and I cannot lie" and most of the song is about the rapper's attraction to large buttocks. The second and third verse challenge mainstream norms of beauty: "I ain't talkin' 'bout Playboy/'Cause silicone parts are made for toys" and "So Cosmo says you're fat/Well I ain't down with that!"
The song came from a meeting between Sir Mix-A-Lot and Amylia Dorsey who saw little representation of full figured women in media. The idea came from the 1980s Budweiser commercial[4] featuring very thin, valley girl-esque models. They decided to dedicate a song to the very opposite, featuring curvy women of color. Mix and Dorsey sought to, "broaden...the definition of beauty."[5]
Sir Mix-a-Lot commented in a 1992 interview: "The song doesn't just say I like large butts, you know? The song is talking about women who damn near kill themselves to try to look like these beanpole models that you see in Vogue magazine." He explains that most women respond positively to the song's message, especially black women: "They all say, 'About time.'"[6]
In the song's prelude there is a conversation between two (presumably) thin, white Valley girls. One girl named Linda (dubbed by Amylia Dorsey)[7] remarks to her friend, "Oh, my God, Becky, look at her butt! It is so big [...] She's just so ... black!", at which point Sir Mix-a-Lot begins rapping of his love for big-bottomed girls.
The dialogue of British actress Papillon Soo Soo saying "Me so horny" is sampled from the 1987 film Full Metal Jacket to complete Sir Mix-a-Lot's lyric, "that butt you got makes..." It is one of two popular rap songs of the era (with 2 Live Crew's "Me So Horny") in which her dialogue from the film is featured.
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Baby Got Back" (album version) 4:25
2. "Cake Boy" 4:12
3. "You Can't Slip" 5:05
4. "Baby Got Back" (Tekno-Metal Edit) 4:20
5. "Baby Got Back" (Hard B.W.B. Hip Hop Mix) 4:35
6. "Baby Got Back" (Hurricane Mix) 5:04
Chart performance and awards[edit]
Sir Mix-a-Lot's best known song, "Baby Got Back" reached number 1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks in the summer of 1992, and won a 1993 Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. In the years following the song's release on the album Mack Daddy, it has continued to appear in many movies, television shows, and commercials, as detailed below. It was number 6 on VH1's Greatest Songs of the '90s, and number 1 on VH1's Greatest One Hit Wonders of the '90s.
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1992–93)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[8] 8
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[9] 89
Germany (Official German Charts)[10] 25
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[11] 31
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[12] 3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[13] 39
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) 56
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 1
US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[15] 27
US Dance/Club Play Songs[16] 5
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
Position
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17] 47
US Billboard Hot 100[18] 2
Decade-end charts[edit]
Chart (1990–1999)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 30
Jonathan Coulton cover/Glee cover[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2018)
Jonathan Coulton released a cover of "Baby Got Back" during his Thing a Week project in October 2005, with the song being released as part of the first Thing A Week compilation album the next year.[20]
In late January 2013, a preview of the television show Glee included a cover of "Baby Got Back" that would be part of an upcoming episode. Many, including Coulton, noted that the backing music was extremely similar to his recorded version; Coulton reported that he had not been contacted by the Fox Broadcasting Network about this song, but at the time could only suppose that the Glee version was similar to his own.[21] Coulton had tried to contact Fox for additional details prior to the episode's airing. The episode with the song, "Sadie Hawkins", aired unchanged on January 24, 2013; further analysis of the aired version showed the Glee cover appeared to use Coulton's original musical arrangement as it included Coulton's original melody and a changed line in Coulton's version ("Johnny C's in trouble" instead of the original "Mix-a-Lot's in trouble").[22] Coulton's agents were later contacted by Fox, claiming, in his words, "they're within their legal rights to do this, and that [Coulton] should be happy for the exposure", even though Coulton is not credited within the episode.[22] Coulton has been exploring legal options; while musical covers do not have copyright legal protection in the United States, Coulton may have legal rights if the Glee version is found to have used his audio track or original composition directly.[23] Coulton has since released his cover of "Baby Got Back" to iTunes, what he calls "a cover of Glee's cover of my cover of Sir Mix-a-Lot's song", with proceeds going to charity.[24] Coulton's experience has led other artists who believe that Glee used their cover arrangements as backing within the show to step forward with similar claims.[25]
Related songs and allusions[edit]
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In a 2000 interview, Sir Mix-a-Lot reflected: "There's always butt songs. Hell, I got the idea sitting up here listening to old Parliament records: Motor Booty Affair. Black men like butts. That's the bottom line."[26] The song is part of a tradition of 1970s–90s African-American music celebrating the female posterior, including "Da Butt", "Rump Shaker", and "Shake Your Groove Thing".[27]
Spoken word duo Athens Boys Choir has a parody of the song on their album Rhapsody in T called "Tranny Got Pack". An alternative version was performed at a 2006 Washington Mutual retreat in Hawaii.[28]
When the single was released, an inflatable of an enormous pair of buttocks toured the country to promote it. The inflatable is visible in a parking lot in the 1993 film Falling Down shortly after the Whammy Burger scene.
A 2009 Burger King commercial promoting SpongeBob SquarePants Kids' Meal toys featured a parody called "I Like Square Butts".[29][30]
The song is played during the credit sequence of the video game Fat Princess while the player is attacking the staff with a scythe.[31]
The song also played in the movie Shark Tale.
The song in the main theme for the Are We There Yet? series episode "The Viral Video Episode".[32]
This song was used in a The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon' sketch aired on June 16, 2014. It consisted of clips of NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams, edited to create the illusion of him performing the song.[33]
The chorus of Nicki Minaj's 2014 single "Anaconda" heavily samples the song, including the beat, the lyric "My anaconda don't want none unless you got buns hun" as well as "Oh my god, look at her butt" in the beginning of the song. The song's closing line, "little in the middle but she got much back", is also sampled. Sir Mix-a-Lot stated his approval for Minaj's song, saying that he had gained "a whole new level of respect for her" and that he had become a "fan for life" of Minaj.[34]
In June 2014, the Seattle Symphony performed an orchestral rendition of the song, arranged by composer Gabriel Prokofiev, and performed by Sir-Mix-A-Lot.[35]
Country music artist Joe Nichols had been performing a honky-tonk style cover of "Baby Got Back" in concerts since 2012. In 2017, Nichols decided to record his rendition and include it on his album Never Gets Old. On July 31, 2017, Nichols released a music video for his cover, in which he performs the song for Sir Mix-A-Lot.[36]
The song featured in an episode of Apple Music's Carpool Karaoke starring Game of Thrones' Maisie Williams and Sophie Turner. Together they parody the beginning of the song using Sean Bean's distinctive Yorkshire accent.[37]
A The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episode has a rerecorded version of the song when Homer becomes a humongus fat blob, changing the lyrics to "I like big gutts and I can not lie" and making the song about overeating rather than big butts.
See also[edit]
1992 in music
Hot 100 number-one hits of 1992 (USA)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Baby Got Back Songfacts". Songfacts. Archived from the original on 19 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
Jump up ^ King, M.C. (1 November 2007). 101 Reasons the '90s Ruled: Ten Years of Living La Vida Loca. Simon and Schuster. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-4165-9212-9.
Jump up ^ Andrew Winistorfer (2008-09-29). "VH1's 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs". Prefixmag. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Spuds McKenzie". youtube.com. August 20, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "OMG, meet the real 'Becky' from 'Baby Got Back'". usatoday.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Keizer, Brian (September 1992). "Big Buts". Spin. 8 (6): 87–88
Jump up ^ "'And I Cannot Lie': The Oral History of Sir Mix-a-Lot's 'Baby Got Back' Video".
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Sir Mix-A-Lot – Baby Got Back". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ Canadian peak
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Sir Mix-A-Lot Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Sir Mix-A-Lot" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Charts.nz – Sir Mix-A-Lot – Baby Got Back". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Sir Mix-A-Lot – Baby Got Back". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1992". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 - 1992". Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Decade-End 1990-1999" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ Doctorow, Cory (2005-10-15). "Nerd folksinger covers Baby Got Back". Boing Boing. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
Jump up ^ Eakin, Marah (2013-01-18). "Jonathan Coulton says Glee ripped off his cover of "Baby Got Back"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
^ Jump up to: a b Landau, Elizabeth (2013-01-26). "Singer alleges 'Glee' ripped off his cover song". CNN. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
Jump up ^ Zakarin, Jordan (2013-01-26). "Musician Claims 'Glee' Stole His Version of 'Baby Got Back'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
Jump up ^ Cantalano, Michele (2013-01-27). "Jonathan Coulton vs. Glee: It's About the Ethics". Forbes. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Laura (2013-01-25). "Jonathan Coulton Explains How Glee Ripped Off His Cover Song — And Why He's Not Alone". Wired. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
Jump up ^ Sir Mix-a-Lot; Caramanica, Jon (October 2000). "Still Bumpin'". Vibe. 8 (8): 82
Jump up ^ Aubry, Erin J. (2003). "The butt: its politics, its profanity, its power". In Edut, Ophira. Body outlaws: rewriting the rules of beauty and body image (2nd ed.). Seal Press. p. 30. ISBN 1-58005-108-1
Jump up ^ EAMON JAVERS. "WaMu lenders sang 'I like big bucks' - Eamon Javers". Politico.com. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
Jump up ^ Feldman, Claudia (16 April 2009). "Burger King's whopper of an ad". Houston Chronicle
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube
Jump up ^ "Fat Princess Credits". Youtube.com. 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
Jump up ^ YBF Chic (23 June 2010). "YBF EXCLUSIVE: UNSEEN TBS' "Are We There Yet?" Clip" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Brian Williams Raps "Baby Got Back"". Youtube.com. 2014-06-16. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
Jump up ^ "Nicki Minaj's "Anaconda" Dubbed New & Improved "Baby Got Back" By Sir Mix-A-Lot". HipHopDX. 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Jump up ^ Miriam Coleman, Rolling Stone (June 8, 2014), Sir Mix-a-Lot Takes 'Baby Got Back' Classical With Seattle Symphony
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone (August 1, 2017), Watch Joe Nichols Sing for Sir Mix-a-Lot in New 'Baby Got Back' Video
Jump up ^ "Carpool Karaoke: The Series — Sophie Turner & Maisie Williams Preview — Apple Music". Youtube.com. 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
Further reading[edit]
Kemp, Rob (2013-12-19). "'And I Cannot Lie': The Oral History of Sir Mix-a-Lot's 'Baby Got Back' Video". Vulture. New York Media.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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