text:
USS North Carolina (BB-55)
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For other ships with the same name, see USS North Carolina.
USS North Carolina (BB-55) at sea off New York City, 3 June 1946
History
United States
Name: North Carolina
Namesake: State of North Carolina
Ordered: 1 August 1937
Builder: New York Naval Shipyard
Cost: $76,885,750
Laid down: 27 October 1937
Launched: 13 June 1940
Sponsored by: Isabel Hoey, daughter of Clyde R. Hoey, governor of North Carolina
Commissioned: 9 April 1941
Decommissioned: 27 June 1947
Struck: 1 June 1960
Identification:
Hull symbol:BB-55
Code letters:NIBK
Nickname(s): Showboat
Honors and
awards:
15 Battle Stars
American Defense Service Medal
American Campaign Medal
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Medal
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
Philippine Liberation Medal
Philippine Independence Medal
Status: Museum ship since 29 April 1962 in Wilmington, North Carolina
General characteristics
Class and type: North Carolina-class battleship
Displacement:
37,484 short tons (34,005 t) (standard)
44,377 short tons (40,258 t) (loaded)
Length: 728.8 ft (222.1 m)
Beam: 108.3 ft (33.0 m)
Draft: 33.0 ft (10.1 m)
Installed power:
8 × boilers
121,000 hp (90,000 kW)
Propulsion:
4 × General Electric steam turbines
four propeller shafts
Speed:
28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph) in 1942
26.8 knots (49.6 km/h; 30.8 mph) in 1945
Range: 17,450 nmi (32,320 km; 20,080 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement: about 2,339 (144 officers and 2,195 enlisted)
Sensors and
processing systems: CXAM-1 radar beginning in 1940[1]
Armament:
9 × 16 in (410 mm)/45 caliber Mark 6 guns
20 × 5 in (130 mm)/38 caliber dual-purpose guns
16 × 1.1 in (28 mm)/75 caliber anti-aircraft guns—replaced by 15 × quad Bofors 40 mm guns (15×4) and 48 × single Oerlikon 20 mm cannons (48×1)
Armor:
Side belt (over vital places): 12 in (30 cm)
Gun turret: 16 in (41 cm)
Main deck: 1.5 in (3.8 cm)
Armored Deck: 5.5 in (14 cm)
Third Deck: .75 in (1.9 cm)
Conning Tower: 16 in (41 cm)
Aircraft carried: 3 × Vought OS2U Kingfisher floatplanes
Aviation facilities: 2 × trainable catapults on her fantail
USS North Carolina (Battleship)
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Location
Wilmington, North Carolina
Coordinates
34°14′11.21″N 77°57′15.27″W / 34.2364472°N 77.9542417°W / 34.2364472; -77.9542417Coordinates: 34°14′11.21″N 77°57′15.27″W / 34.2364472°N 77.9542417°W / 34.2364472; -77.9542417
Built
1941
Architect
Brooklyn Navy Yard
NRHP reference #
82004893
Significant dates
Added to NRHP
10 November 1982[2]
Designated NHL
14 January 1986[3]
USS North Carolina (BB-55) is the lead ship of North Carolina-class battleship and the fourth warship in the U.S. Navy to be named for the State of North Carolina. She was the first newly constructed American battleship to enter service during World War II, and took part in every major naval offensive in the Pacific Theater of Operations; her 15 battle stars[4] made her the most decorated American battleship of World War II. She is now a museum ship and memorial kept at the seaport of Wilmington, North Carolina.
Contents
[hide]
1 Construction and shakedown
2 Service during World War II
3 Decommissioning and battleship memorial
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Construction and shakedown[edit]
Fitting-out stage, 17 April 1941
North Carolina was laid down on 27 October 1937 at the New York Naval Shipyard and launched on 13 June 1940, sponsored by the daughter of Clyde R. Hoey, the Governor of North Carolina. She was commissioned in New York City on 9 April 1941, with Captain Olaf M. Hustvedt in command. The first of the U.S. Navy's fast battleships to be commissioned, she carried a powerful main battery of nine 16 in (410 mm)/45 caliber Mark 6 guns. The ship received so much attention during her completion and sea trials that she won the lasting nickname "Showboat".[5]
North Carolina was limited to a standard displacement of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t) by both the Washington Naval Treaty and the London Naval Treaty, to a beam of less than 110 ft (34 m) by the width of the locks of the Panama Canal, and to a draft of 38 ft (12 m) so she could use as many anchorages and shipyards as possible. Thus constricted, she proved a challenge to design.[6]
As the first American battleship to be built in two decades, North Carolina was given the latest in shipbuilding technology. Her propulsion was divided into four main spaces, each with two boilers and one steam turbine per propeller shaft. This resulted in fewer openings in watertight bulkheads and minimized the area requiring protection by additional armor plate. Her propulsion systems (boilers/turbines/shafts/propellers) suffered numerous teething troubles which were reflected in long post-commissioning defect correction period which lasted April–December 1941. Her sister Washington suffered equally, and neither ship was ever able to achieve their designed deep load speed of 28 knots. On the plus side however, she was also one of just 14 ships to receive the early RCA CXAM-1 radar, and a strong (for the day) light anti-aircraft armament.[7]
Aesthetically, her large tower forward, tall uncluttered stacks, and clean superstructure and hull were a sharp break from the elaborate bridgework, heavy tripod masts, and casemated secondary batteries of World War I-era battleships.[6] Combined with her long sweeping flush deck and streamlined structure, she was far more graceful not only than her predecessors but the nearly 50 ft (15 m) shorter South Dakota-class battleships that succeeded her.[7]
Service during World War II[edit]
North Carolina in May 1941 putting to sea for trials
North Carolina completed her final shakedown cruise in the Caribbean Sea before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Early in 1942 she was scheduled to steam there, but remained in the Atlantic Ocean for a few more months as a potential counter if the German battleship Tirpitz began to attack supply and troop convoys destined for Great Britain. By summer she was ordered to join the Pacific Fleet.[8]
After intensive war exercises, North Carolina departed for the Pacific theater of Operations. She was the first new battleship to arrive in the Pacific since the beginning of the war, transiting the Panama Canal on 10 June, four days after the Battle of Midway in the Central Pacific.[9] She steamed to the port of San Pedro, California, and then to San Francisco before proceeding to Hawaii.[10] The ship arrived at Pearl Harbor on July 11 1942; according to sailors there, North Carolina was "the most beautiful thing they had ever seen", and her arrival in Hawaii greatly increased the morale of the Pacific Fleet.[8] North Carolina departed 15 July in a task force of the aircraft carrier Enterprise, the heavy cruiser Portland, the light cruiser Atlanta, and eight screening destroyers headed for combat in the South Pacific.[10]
North Carolina joined the long island-hopping campaign against the Japanese by assisting in the landing of U.S. Marines on the islands of Guadalcanal and Tulagi on 7 August 1942, thus beginning the long battle for Guadalcanal.[11] The only battleship in the naval force in the South Pacific, she escorted the aircraft carriers Saratoga, Enterprise, and Wasp, surrounded by their cruisers and destroyers.[12] After helping to screen Enterprise in the air support force for the amphibious landing, North Carolina guarded the carrier during her mission of protecting the supply and communication lines to the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal.
She participated in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, on August 24-25, 1942.[11] The Americans struck first, sinking the carrier Ryūjō. The Japanese counterattacked with dive bombers and torpedo bombers, covered by fighters, striking at Enterprise and North Carolina.[13] In a mere eight-minute action, the ship's antiaircraft batteries shot down between 7 and 14 enemy aircraft, her gunners remaining at their posts despite the jarring detonations of seven near misses. One sailor was killed by strafing, but the ship was undamaged. Her antiaircraft fire was so heavy that the officers of Enterprise asked, "Are you afire?"[6]
North Carolina fired 841 5-inch (127 mm) shells, 1037 rounds of 1.1-inch (28 mm) shells, 7425 rounds of 20-mm shells, and 8641 rounds of .50 caliber machine gun ammunition during the attack.[14] The gunners of her 5-inch antiaircraft guns "...estimated that the rate of fire exceeded 17 rounds per minute on all guns...", but reported both that vibrations hampered their optical range-finding and the Mark 4 FD radar had difficulty acquiring targets.[14] The protection North Carolina could offer Enterprise was limited as the speedier carrier plunged ahead of her. Enterprise took three direct hits while her aircraft severely damaged seaplane carrier Chitose and hit other Japanese ships. With the loss of 100 Japanese aircraft, the U.S. Navy won control of the air and averted a threatened Japanese reinforcement of Guadalcanal.[6]
USS North Carolina World War II service
North Carolina operating near the Gilbert Islands, November 1943
North Carolina during Marshall Islands Campaign, 25 January 1944
North Carolina firing her main battery, Narau, 8 December 1943
North Carolina pitching in heavy seas off the Philippines, December 1944
North Carolina next was assigned to protect Saratoga. Twice during the following weeks of support to Marines ashore on Guadalcanal, North Carolina was attacked by Japanese submarines. On 6 September, she maneuvered successfully, dodging a torpedo that passed 300 yd (270 m) off the port beam.[15] Nine days later, while sailing with Wasp, Hornet, and ten other warships, North Carolina suffered a torpedo hit on her port side just forward of her number 1 gun turret, 20 ft (6m) below her waterline making a hole 32 ft by 18 ft, and killing five seamen. Torpedoes from the same salvo from I-19 sank Wasp and the destroyer O'Brien.[15][16] Skillful damage control by North Carolina's crew and the excellence of her construction prevented disaster; a 5.6° list was righted in as many minutes, and she maintained her station in a formation at 26 kn (30 mph; 48 km/h).[17]
After temporary repairs in New Caledonia, the ship proceeded to Pearl Harbor to be dry docked for a month for repairs to her hull and to receive more antiaircraft armament.[12] Following repairs, she returned to action, screening Enterprise and Saratoga and covering supply and troop movements in the Solomons for much of the next year. She was at Pearl Harbor in March and April 1943 to receive advanced fire control and radar gear, and again in September, to prepare for the Gilbert Islands operation.[18]
With Enterprise, in the Northern Covering Group, North Carolina sortied from Pearl Harbor on 10 November for the assault on Makin, Tarawa, and Abemama. Air strikes began on 19 November, and for ten days mighty air blows were struck to aid Marines ashore engaged in some of the bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War. Supporting the Gilberts campaign and preparing the assault on the Marshalls, along with five other fast battleships (USS Massachusetts, USS Indiana, USS South Dakota, her sister Washington, and USS Alabama), North Carolina's highly accurate big guns bombarded Nauru on 8 December, destroying air facilities, beach defense revetments, and radio installations.[19] Later that month, she protected Bunker Hill in strikes against shipping and airfields at Kavieng, New Ireland and in January 1944 joined the Task Force 58 (TF 58), Rear Admiral Marc Mitscher in command, at Funafuti, Ellice Islands.[17]
During the assault and capture of the Marshall Islands, North Carolina illustrated the classic battleship functions of World War II. She screened carriers from air attack in pre-invasion strikes as well as during close air support of troops ashore, beginning with the initial strikes on Kwajalein on 29 January 1944. She fired on targets at Namur and Roi, where she sank a cargo ship in the lagoon.[20]
The battlewagon then protected carriers in the massive air strike on Truk, the Japanese fleet base in the Carolines, where 39 large ships were left sunk, burning, or uselessly beached, and 211 planes were destroyed, another 104 severely damaged.[20] Next she fought off an air attack against the flattops near the Marianas 21 February 1944, downing an enemy plane, and the next day again guarded the carriers in air strikes on Saipan, Tinian, and Guam.[21]
During much of this period, she was flagship for Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Willis A. Lee, Jr., Commander Battleships Pacific.[22]
With Majuro as her base, North Carolina joined in the attacks on Palau and Woleai on 31 March–1 April 1944, shooting down another enemy plane during the approach phase. On Woleai, 150 enemy aircraft were destroyed along with ground installations. Support for the capture of the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea followed (13–24 April 1944); then another major raid on Truk (29–30 April 1944), during which North Carolina downed yet another enemy aircraft. At Truk, North Carolina's planes were catapulted to rescue an American aviator downed off the reef.[23] After one plane had turned over on landing and the other, having rescued all the airmen, had been unable to take off with so much weight, Tang saved all involved. The next day, North Carolina destroyed coastal defense guns, antiaircraft batteries, and airfields at Ponape. The battleship then sailed to repair her rudder at Pearl Harbor.[17]
Returning to Majuro, North Carolina sortied with Enterprise's carrier group on 6 June 1944 (D-Day in Europe) for the Marianas. During the assault on Saipan, North Carolina not only gave her usual protection to the carriers, but starred in bombardments on the west coast of Saipan covering minesweeping operations, and blasted the harbor at Tanapag, sinking several small craft and destroying enemy ammunition, fuel, and supply dumps. At dusk on invasion day, 15 June 1944, the battleship downed one of the only two Japanese aircraft able to penetrate the combat air patrol.[17]
On 18 June 1944, North Carolina cleared the islands with the carriers to confront the Japanese 1st Mobile Fleet, tracked by submarines and aircraft for the previous four days.[24] Next day began the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and she took station in the battle line that fanned out from the carriers. American aircraft succeeded in downing most of the Japanese raiders before they reached the American ships, and North Carolina shot down two of the few which got through.[17]
On that day and the next, American air and submarine attacks, with the fierce anti-aircraft fire of such ships as North Carolina, virtually ended any future threat from Japanese naval aviation: three carriers were sunk, two tankers damaged so badly they were scuttled, and all but 36 of the 430 planes with which the Japanese had begun the battle were destroyed.[24] The loss of trained aviators was irreparable, as was the loss of skilled aviation maintenance men in the carriers. Not one American ship was lost, and only a handful of American planes failed to return to their carriers.[17]
After supporting air operations in the Marianas for another two weeks, North Carolina sailed for overhaul at Puget Sound Navy Yard. She rejoined the carriers off Ulithi on 7 November 1944 as a furious typhoon, Typhoon Cobra, struck the group.[25] Unable to refuel in the storm, three destroyers capsized and sunk, killing 790 sailors. The ships fought through the storm and carried out air strikes against western Leyte, Luzon, and the Visayas to support the struggle for Leyte. During similar strikes later in the month, North Carolina fought off her first kamikaze attack.[17]
As the pace of operations in the Philippines intensified, North Carolina guarded carriers while their planes kept the Japanese aircraft on Luzon airfields from interfering with the invasion convoys which assaulted Mindoro on 15 December 1944.[26] Three days later the task force again sailed through a violent typhoon, but Halsey, having learned from the previous Cobra storm, dispersed the ships from formation. Although severe damage was caused to ships and carriers, the dispersal resulted in the death toll being reduced to only six seamen. With Ulithi now her base, North Carolina screened wide-ranging carrier strikes on Formosa, the coast of Indo-China and China, and the Ryūkyūs in January 1945, and similarly supported strikes on Honshū the next month.[27] Hundreds of enemy aircraft were destroyed which might otherwise have resisted the assault on Iwo Jima, where North Carolina bombarded and provided call fire for the assaulting Marines through 22 February 1945.[17]
Strikes on targets in the Japanese home islands laid the ground-work for the Okinawa assault, in which North Carolina played her dual role, of bombardment and carrier screening. Here, on 6 April 1945, she downed three kamikazes, but took a 5 in (130 mm) hit from a friendly ship during the melee of anti-aircraft fire. Three men were killed and 44 wounded.[28] Next day came the last desperate sortie of the Japanese Fleet, as Yamato, the largest battleship in the world, came south with her attendant ships. Yamato, as well as a cruiser and a destroyer, were sunk, three other destroyers were damaged so badly that they were scuttled, and the remaining four destroyers returned to their fleet base at Sasebo badly damaged. On the same day, North Carolina shot down an enemy plane, and then two more on 17 April 1945.[17]
After overhaul at Pearl Harbor, North Carolina rejoined the carriers for a month of air strikes and naval bombardment on the Japanese home islands.[29] Along with guarding the carriers, North Carolina fired on major industrial plants near Tokyo, and one of her scout plane pilots performed a daring rescue of a downed carrier pilot under heavy fire in Tokyo Bay.[30]
North Carolina sent both sailors and members of her Marine Detachment ashore for preliminary occupation duty in Japan immediately at the close of the war, and patrolled off the coast until anchoring in Tokyo Bay on 5 September 1945 to re-embark her men. Carrying passengers from Okinawa, North Carolina sailed for home, reaching the Panama Canal on 8 October 1945.[31] She anchored at Boston 17 October 1945, and after overhaul at New York exercised in New England waters and carried United States Naval Academy midshipmen for a summer training cruise in the Caribbean.[23]
Decommissioning and battleship memorial[edit]
North Carolina arriving under tow in Wilmington in 1961.
After inactivation, North Carolina was decommissioned at New York on 27 June 1947. Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1960, she was transferred to the state of North Carolina on 6 September 1961. The brainchild of teacher, Mrs. Zelma Thomasson, the "Showboat" was purchased from the U.S. Navy for $330,000 raised by the efforts of North Carolina school children, who saved their spare change and lunch money for the "Save Our Ship" campaign.[32] In 1961, a fleet of tugboats maneuvered the 728 ft (222 m) ship through a stretch of the Cape Fear river 500 ft (150 m) wide. During this the ship struck the restaurant "Fergus' Ark", a former U.S. Army troopship docked near Princess Street. It was damaged severely and ceased operation.[33] On 29 April 1962, she was dedicated at Wilmington as a memorial to North Carolinians of all services killed in World War II.
During the mid-1980s under President Reagan, many of the ship's systems were scavenged for spare parts to recommission the Iowa-class battleships. The removal of large items such as high pressure air compressors have left large holes in her mechanical systems and turret 1 is an empty shell.
This battleship was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1986.[3][34]
The memorial is administered by the Friends of the Battleship North Carolina, established on 10 December 1986. The memorial operates tax free, relying upon its own revenues and donations.[35]
Visitors to the USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial can tour the ship's main deck, many interior compartments, and two of her three 16" gun turrets. There is an admission charge, and self-guided tours normally require two hours.
Visitors may also view one of the nine surviving OS2U Kingfisher aircraft, displayed near the stern of the ship.[36] This particular aircraft was salvaged from a mountainside in British Columbia in 1964 and donated by Lynn Garrison. It was restored by Vought Aeronautics retirees in Grand Prairie, Texas.
Various events are held at the memorial, including the annual Fourth of July fireworks display from the adjacent battleship park; spaces may be rented for special events. A Roll of Honor in the Wardroom lists the names of North Carolinians who gave their lives in service in all the branches of the military during World War II. The site is accessible by car or a short water taxi ride from downtown Wilmington, and also features a gift shop, visitors center and picnic area.
In 1999, a reunion was held on the ship. While standing on the signal bridge, the site of a friendly fire strike during the Okinawa assault of 6 April, former PFC Marine Gunner Richard R. Fox described how he helped carry a severely injured sailor down to sickbay. Fox had never known whether the man had survived. During his story he was interrupted by fellow North Carolina veteran Richard W. Reed, who identified himself as the injured sailor and offered his thanks. Neither man had known the other's identity for over a half-century.[37]
Recent maintenance projects include replacing the ship's more than 1-acre (4,000 m2) of teak decking, made possible by the most generous donation in her history: Following a visit by officials from Myanmar, two tractor-trailer loads of the highest quality teak decking in the world arrived, valued at approximately one quarter million dollars, accompanied by a very substantial discount on another eight loads valued at an additional quarter million dollars.[38]
Several near-term restoration projects are planned, starting with a crucial refit of the ship's hull. Initially it was announced this work would require her to be towed to Norfolk or Charleston. However, on 31 May 2010, the Battleship Commission opted to have the repair done in place using the same cofferdam process recently employed to restore the museum ship USS Alabama. This is expected both to save $16 million and to allow the memorial to remain open to the public during the lengthy repair.[39] In late 2016 construction of the cofferdam started and as of 2017 is still ongoing.
USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial
Historical marker at entrance to USS North Carolina in Wilmington
North Carolina preserved as a museum on the Cape Fear River
Aerial view of the USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial, 2006
Close-up of the six forward 16" guns of the USS North Carolina
OS2U Kingfisher exhibited on deck
Whaleboat for emergency and transport purposes
Water filtration system
Surgical clinic
A portion of the Mess Decks
Sailors' bunks
See also[edit]
Battleships portal
Book: North Carolina class battleships
U.S. Navy museums (and other battleship museums)
List of museum ships
Captain Frank G. Fahrion, Commanding Officer North Carolina, 6 September 1944 to 26 January 1945. Later Admiral and namesake of USS Fahrion (FFG-22).
List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hanover County, North Carolina
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Macintyre, Donald, CAPT RN (September 1967). "Shipborne Radar". Proceedings. United States Naval Institute.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b "USS North Carolina (Battleship)". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 3 July 2007.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Navy Battleships - USS North Carolina (BB 55)". United States Navy. 8 September 2005. Archived from the original on 8 December 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2016. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
Jump up ^ "History of BB 55 - Pre War". Battleship North Carolina. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "World War II Warships in the Pacific: USS North Carolina". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Bonner, Kit. USS Iowa at War. New York, NY: Zenith Imprint. p. 38. ISBN 1-61060-769-4.
^ Jump up to: a b "Arrival Pearl Harbor 11 July 1942". Battleship North Carolina. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 1. Archived from the original on 3 November 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 2. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 3. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Guadalcanal". Battleship North Carolina. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "North Carolina". hazegray.org. 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Anti-Aircraft Action Summary, July 1942 to Dec 1942 (Information Bulletin No. 22) (Report). United States Navy. pp. 59–60.
^ Jump up to: a b "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 4. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Blee, Ben (1982). Battleship North Carolina. USS Battleship North Carolina Commission. pp. 48–56. ISBN 0-9608538-1-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "North Carolina". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "1942". USS North Carolina WWII Living History Crew. 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 12. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 13. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Douglas E. (2011). Volume I: U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard Aircraft Lost During World War II – Listed by Ship Attached. Lulu.com. p. 155. ISBN 1-257-82232-2.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "History of BB 55". Battleship North Carolina. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 16. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 19. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 20. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 21. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 23. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 25. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hokkaido Rescue". Battleship North Carolina. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Operational Schedule". Battleship North Carolina. p. 28. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "This Month in North Carolina History: June 1940 - U.S.S. North Carolina". The North Carolina Collection / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "School Children Brought Battleship Home". North Carolina Department of Commerce. September 2006. Archived from the original on 2 November 2006.
Jump up ^ Butowsky, Harry A. (May 1985). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination: USS North Carolina" (pdf). National Park Service. Retrieved 7 September 2012. and
"Accompanying Photos (13 photos, exterior and interior, from 1946 and 1981–1984)" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "History of the Friends". North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "What If? Small, Fast Seaplane Observation/Attack Fighters on every U.S. Navy surface ship". U.S Navy in Danger. 27 October 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Letters: Rescued, rescuer reunited". Press-Telegram. Long Beach, California. 18 March 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "U.S.S. North Carolina – Helping Preserve A Landmark". Dean Hardwoods. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Hotz, Amy (10 June 2010). "Battleship North Carolina refurbishment to take place in Wilmington". Star-News. Wilmington, North Carolina. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
The History Channel. Battle 360°: USS Enterprise – Jaws of the Enemy (episode 3)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to USS North Carolina (BB-55).
USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial official website
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: USS North Carolina
USS North Carolina (BB-55) at Historic Naval Ships Association
NAVSOURCE Photo Gallery: Numerous photos of USS North Carolina
United States Navy photos of North Carolina
Maritimequest USS North Carolina Photo Gallery
USS North Carolina Video
War Service Fuel Consumption of U.S. Naval Surface Vessels FTP 218
Report of North Carolina's first Action in WWII
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North Carolina-class battleships
North Carolina
Washington
Preceded by: South Dakota class (1920) (planned) / Colorado class (actual)
Followed by: South Dakota class (1939)
List of battleships of the United States Navy
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Fehmarnbelt (1908)
Dar Pomorza (1909)
Großherzogin Elisabeth (1909)
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World War I
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Bowdoin⛵ (1921)
Delphine (1921)
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Roseway⛵ (1925)
William G. Mather (1925)
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Hikawa Maru (1929)
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Dr. Bernardo Houssay⛵ (1930)
El Boughaz I⛵ (1930)
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Kajama (1930)
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Lydia Eva (1930)
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Nippon Maru⚓ (1930)
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Thor Heyerdahl⛵ (1930)
Zaca⛵ (1930)
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Christian Radich⛵ (1937)
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William A. Irvin (1937)
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Jeremiah O'Brien (1943)
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Johanna Lucretia⛵ (1945)
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Arthur M. Anderson (1952)
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Victoria (1959 & 1960)
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Taku (1963)
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Arquipelago (1964)
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Hebridean Princess (1964)
J.R. Tolkien⛵ (1964)
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Melinka (1964)
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Queen of Nanaimo (1964)
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Miller Freeman (1966)
Mt. Mitchell (1966)
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Rude (1966)
Military
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Pre-1800
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1800–1899
Trincomalee⚓ (1817)
Unicorn⚓ (1824)
Dom Fernando II e Glória⚓ (1843)
Constellation⚓ (1854)
Jylland⚓ (1860)
Warrior⚓ (1860)
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Leitha⚓ (1871)
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Uruguay⚓ (1874)
Sölve (1875)
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Gannet⚓ (1878)
Joseph Conrad⚓ (1882)
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Tyr (1887)
af Chapman⛵ (1888)
Peral (1888)
Olympia (1892)
Najaden⚓ (1897)
Presidente Sarmiento⚓ (1899)
1900–1914
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Holland 1 (1901)
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Barnegat (1904)
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Georgios Averoff (1910)
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Zhongshan (1912)
Graf von Goetzen (1913)
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Suur Tõll (1914)
World War I
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M33 (1915)
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Portsmouth (1916)
Ebe⚓ (1918)
President (1918)
1919–1938
Huron (1920)
Micalvi (1925)
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Deutschland (1927)
Juan Sebastián Elcano⛵ (1927)
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Frying Pan (1929)
Capitan Miranda (1930)
Chesapeake (1930)
Jadran⛵ (1930)
Amerigo Vespucci⛵ (1931)
Colo Colo (1931)
Étoile⛵ (1932)
Belle Poule⛵ (1932)
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North Carr (1933)
Palinuro (1934)
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Vesikko (1934)
Wellington (1934)
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Ingham (1936)
Lembit (1936)
Maeklong (1936)
Nantucket (1936)
Norge (1936)
Taney (1936)
Abraham Crijnssen (1937)
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MTB 102 (1937)
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Galeb (1938)
HA. 19 (1938)
Mircea (1938)
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RML 497 (1941)
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Akin (1942)
Alabama (1942)
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Francisco Zarco (1942)
Gazal (1942)
Haida (1942)
Hope (1942)
Ignacio L. Vallarta (1942)
Iowa (1942)
Juan de la Barrera (1942)
Laurel (1942)
Lee A. Tregurtha (1942)
LST-325 (1942)
LST-393 (1942)
Mariano Escobedo (1942)
Mariano Matamoros (1942)
Mayu (1942)
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Ologbo (1942)
Otomi (1942)
San Andrés (1942)
Stewart (1942)
Tariq (1942)
U-534 (1942)
Valentín Gómez Farías (1942)
Velos (1942)
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Cassin Young (1943)
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Croaker (1943)
Gordon Jensen (1943)
Hitra (1943)
Hornet (1943)
Iloilo (1943)
Intrepid (1943)
Jesús González Ortega (1943)
Juan N. Álvarez (1943)
Kidd (1943)
King (1943)
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Manuel Doblado (1943)
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Rajah Humabon (1943)
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Suboficial Castillo (1943)
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Tachin (1943)
Taedong (1943)
U-995 (1943)
Unanue (1943)
Valvas (1943)
Wisconsin (1943)
Yorktown (1943)
LST-510, Cape Henlopen (1943)
Acacia (1944)
Alferez Sobral (1944)
Anzone (1944)
Becuna (1944)
Benguet (1944)
Cavalier (1944)
Columbia (1944)
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El Fateh (1944)
HA. 62-76 (1944)
Hai Shih (1944)
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Jeong Ju (1944)
Kao Hsiung (1944)
LCI(L)-1091 (1944)
LCT 7074 (1944)
Little Rock (1944)
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Magat Salamat (1944)
Mangyan (1944)
Manuel Gutiérrez Zamora (1944)
Manzanillo (1944)
Miguel Malvar (1944)
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Torsk (1944)
Trần Khánh Dư (1944)
Uluçalireis (1944)
Wi Bong (1944)
Yan Gyi Aung (1944)
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Francisco de Gurruchaga (1945)
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Hualcopo (1945)
Hwa San (1945)
Jeong Buk (1945)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (1945)
LCS(L)(3)-102 (1945)
Midway (1945)
Netzahualcóyotl (1945)
Orleck (1945)
PT 617 (1945)
PT 658 (1945)
PT 796 (1945)
Requin (1945)
Te Yang (1945)
Wilhelm Bauer (1945)
1946–1966
Gayret (1946)
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Salem (1947)
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Washtenaw County (1952)
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S-189 (1954)
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X-1 (1955)
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Vampire (1956)
K-3 Leninsky Komsomol (1957)
Keihässalmi (1957)
Sūduvis (1957)
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Espadon (1958)
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Louis S. St-Laurent (1966)
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Resolute (1966)
Seaway Endeavour (1966)
Shreveport (1966)
Sir Tristram (1966)
Sirius (1966)
Sokół (1966)
Spica (1966)
U-9 (1966)
[show]
v
t
e
Historic sites operated by the North Carolina Division of State Historic Sites and Properties
Historic Sites
Alamance Battleground
Aycock Birthplace
Historic Bath
Bennett Place
Bentonville Battlefield
Brunswick Town
Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum
CSS Neuse
Duke Homestead
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Historic Halifax
Horne Creek Farm
House in the Horseshoe
North Carolina Transportation Museum
USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial
President James K. Polk Historic Site
Reed Gold Mine
Roanoke Island Festival Park
Somerset Place
Historic Stagville
North Carolina State Capitol
Town Creek Indian Mound
Tryon Palace
Zebulon B. Vance Birthplace
Thomas Wolfe Memorial
[show]
v
t
e
U.S. National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_North_Carolina_(BB-55)&oldid=812172042"
Categories:
Existing battleships
Ships on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
North Carolina-class battleships
World War II battleships of the United States
United States Navy North Carolina-related ships
Ships built in Brooklyn
1940 ships
Museum ships in North Carolina
National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina
Museums in New Hanover County, North Carolina
Military and war museums in North Carolina
Naval museums in the United States
North Carolina State Historic Sites
Wilmington, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in New Hanover County, North Carolina
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Bristol & West
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Bristol & West plc
Former type
Division of Bank of Ireland
Industry
Finance
Founded
1850
Defunct
2009
Headquarters
Bristol, England, UK
Products
Mortgages
Owner
Bank of Ireland
Website
[1]
Bristol & West (B&W) was a former building society in the United Kingdom, one of the first to be demutualised to become a commercial bank. It became a division of the Bank of Ireland in 1997. Bristol & West had its headquarters in Bristol, England. The bank's main activity was mortgage lending for residential and commercial customers, although in 2009 its business was transferred to Bank of Ireland and it became a shell company and stopped accepting new customers.[1] The Bristol & West name has since been replaced by the Bank of Ireland brand.
History[edit]
The Building society was founded in 1850 as the Bristol, West of England and South Wales Permanent Building Society. It offered mortgages in the Bristol and the south west of England area and became a well known institution in the region.
By 1996 Bristol & West was the 9th largest building society in the United Kingdom, at a time when the UK government relaxed rules on funding for building societies which led a number of Building Societies to demutualise and convert into banks.
In 1997 Bristol & West demutualised and was sold to Bank of Ireland, becoming a division of the bank but maintaining its operations and branch network under the Bristol & West brand.[2]
The UK's Financial Services Authority (FSA) fined the Bristol & West subsidiary Chase de Vere Financial Solutions for the "approval and issue of a misleading direct offer promotion" in December 2003.[3]
In 2005, Bristol & West sold its savings and investment business to the Britannia Building Society. The deal also included Bristol & West's branch network, as well as its direct savings business for an estimated £80 million.
Bank of Ireland continued to offer mortgages to intermediaries, packagers and direct customers through the Bristol & West brand at its main processing centres in Bristol and Solihull; this meant the closure of a number of smaller mortgage processing centres throughout the country. In 2007 the estimated profit from this mortgage venture was £52 million.
Following the financial crisis of 2007–08 the bank suffering large losses and as a result the Bank of Ireland took the decision to limit mortgage lending.
On 8 January 2009 Bank of Ireland announced to the stock market that it would close its Solihull and Reading processing centres (the Reading Centre processed Bank of Ireland Mortgages only) and as of 9 January 2009, Bristol & West Mortgages would cease accepting new customers.[4] Bank of Ireland now only offer residential mortgages in the U.K. through the Post Office brand.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ B&W Report 2010
Jump up ^ "Bristol & West goes to Bank of Ireland for £600m". The Independent. April 16, 1996.
Jump up ^ FSA FINAL NOTICE 17 December 2003
Jump up ^ After 158 years, the end is nigh for Bristol & West Miles Brignall, The Guardian. 10 January 2009
External links[edit]
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Demetrius
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about a given name. For other uses, see Demetrius (disambiguation).
Demetrius
A statue of the goddess Demeter
Gender
Male
Origin
Word/name
Greek
Meaning
tribute to Goddess of Grain: Demeter, Mother-Earth
Other names
Related names
Dimitrije, Demetria, Dimitrios, Demetra, Dimitris, Dmitry, Dimitar, Mitar, Dmytro
Demetrius is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek male given name Dēmḗtrios (Δημήτριος), meaning "devoted to Demeter". Alternate forms include Demetrios, Dimitrios, Dimitris, Dmytro, Dimitri, Demitri, Dhimitër, and Dimitrije,[1][2] in addition to other forms (such as Russian Dmitri) descended from it.
Demetrius and its variations may refer to the following:
Pope Demetrius I of Alexandria, ruled in 189–232
Demetrius of Alopece (4th century BCE), Greek sculptor noted for his realism
Demetrius of Phalerum (c. 350 – 280 BCE)
Demetrius I of Macedon (337–283 BCE), called Poliorcetes, son of Antigonus I Monophthalmus, King of Macedonia 294–288 BCE
Demetrius II Aetolicus, son of Antigonus II, King of Macedonia 239–229 BCE
Demetrius, son of Philip V of Macedon
Demetrius the Chronographer (late 3rd century BCE), Jewish chronicler (historian)
Demetrius I Soter (185–150 BCE), king of Syria
Demetrius I of Bactria (d. 180 BCE), Greek king of Bactria
Demetrius II of India (fl. early 2nd century BCE), possible relative of the above
Demetrius II Nicator (d. 125 BCE), son of Demetrius I Soter
Demetrius III Aniketos, Indo-Greek king c. 100 BCE
Demetrius III Eucaerus (d. 88 BCE), son of Antiochus VIII Grypus, Seleucid King
Demetrius the Cynic (1st century), Cynic philosopher
Demetrius of Thessaloniki (d. 306), Christian martyr and saint
Demetrius Zvonimir (died 1089), King of Croatia 1075–1089
Demetrius I of Georgia, son of David IV of Georgia the Great, (1125–1156)
Demetrius the Neomartyr (1779–1803), Orthodox Crystian martyr and saint
Pope Demetrius II of Alexandria, ruled in 1861–1870
Pseudo-Demetrius I, also known as False Dimitry I, Tsar of Russia, ruled 1605–1606
Demetrius, a main character in Friedrich Schiller's dramatic fragment of the same name, as well as in Alexander Pushkin's blank verse drama Boris Godunov and several other works of literature; the figure is modelled after False Dimitry I, short-time Tsar of Russia, claiming descent of Ivan the Terrible
Demetrius, a main character in William Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream; Demetrius is also a villainous character in Shakespeare's revenge tragedy, Titus Andronicus
Demetrius, a character in Mira Nair's Mississippi Masala
Demetrius, a Greek slave in the Lloyd C. Douglas Christian novel The Robe and its film sequel below
Demetrius and the Gladiators, a 1953 20th Century Fox film
Demetri, a fictional character in the Twilight fantasy series
Demetri Martin, American comedian
Demitri Maximoff, a vampire from the Capcom video game series Darkstalkers
Demetri McCamey, American basketball player
Dimitrij, an opera by Antonín Dvořák
Dmitry Donskoy (1350–1389), Russian prince
Dmitri Kissoff, a character in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister of Russia
Dmitri Mendeleev Russian chemist, creator of the first periodic table
Dimitri Petrenko, a character in the first-person shooter Call of Duty: World at War
Dmitri Shostakovich Russian composer
Dimitri Kitsikis Greek Geopolitician
Dimitrios Salpingidis Greek footballer
Dimitrios Papadopoulos Greek footballer
Dimitrios Siovas Greek footballer
Dimitar Berbatov Bulgarian footballer
Dimitrije Tucović Serbian politician
Dimitrije Injac Serbian footballer
Dimitrije Ljotić Serbian politician
Dimitrije Pejanović Serbian handballer
Dimitrije Mitrinović Serbian writer
Dimitri Davidović Serbian footballer
Dositej Obradović Serbian writer
Dimitrije Ruvarac Serbian writer
Dimitrije Banjac Serbian actor
Dome Sztojay Serbian politician
Dimitrije Avramović Serbian painter
Dimitrije T. Leko Serbian architect
Serbian Patriarch Dimitrije of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Dimitrije Bašičević Serbian painter
Dimitri Nanopoulos Greek Physicist
Demetrius Treadwell (born 1991), American basketball player for Hapoel Gilboa Galil of the Israeli League Liga Leumit
Lucia Demetrius, Romanian writer
Vasile Demetrius, Romanian writer
In other languages[edit]
Albanian: Dhimitër, Mitro
Belarusian: Зьміцер, Дзмітрый (Z'mitser, Dz'mitry)
Bulgarian: Димитър (Dimitar)
Croatian: Dmitar
Dutch: Dimitri
English: Demetrius, Demetri, Demetry
Finnish: Mitri, Mitro, Dimitri
French: Dimitri
Georgian: დემეტრე (Demetre), დიმიტრი (Dimitri), დიტო (Dito), დუტა (Duta), დიმა (Dima), მიტო (Mito)
German: Demetrius
Modern Greek: Δημήτριος, Δημήτρης, Μήτρος, Μήτσος, Μητσάρας (Dimitrios, Dimitris, Mitros, Mitsos, Mitsaras)
Hebrew: (Demetrius) דמיטריוס ,(Dima) דימה ,(Dmitriy) דמיטרי
Hungarian: Dömötör
Italian: Demetrio, Dimitri
Macedonian: Димитар, Димитриja
Polish: Dymitr, Demetriusz
Portuguese: Demétrio
Romanian: Dumitru, Dimitrie
Russian: Дмитрий (Dmitriy), Дима (Dima), Митя (Mitya)
Serbian: Димитрије (Dimitrije), Митар (Mitar), Дмитар (Dmitar), Мита (Mita), Мића (Mića)
Slovak: Demeter
Slovene: Dimitrij, Mitja
Spanish: Demetrio
Ukrainian: Дмитро (Dmytro)
References[edit]
Demetrius Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
Jump up ^ http://www.behindthename.com/name/demetrius
Jump up ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Demeter
This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demetrius&oldid=797627395"
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