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Reign of Terror
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This article is about the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution. For other uses, see Reign of Terror (disambiguation).
"The Terror" redirects here. For other uses, see The Terror (disambiguation).
Nine emigrés are executed by guillotine, 1793
Heads of aristocrats, on pikes
The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (French: la Terreur), is the label given by most historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.
Several historians consider the "reign of terror" to have begun in 1793, placing the starting date at either 5 September,[1] June[2] or March (birth of the Revolutionary Tribunal), while some consider it to have begun in September 1792 (September Massacres), or even July 1789 (when the first beheadings by guillotine took place),[3] but there is a consensus that it ended with the fall of Maximilien Robespierre in July 1794.[1][2]
Between June 1793 and the end of July 1794, there were 16,594 official death sentences in France, of which 2,639 were in Paris.[2][4]
Contents
1 Barère and Robespierre glorify "terror"
2 Influences on the Terror
2.1 Enlightenment thought
2.2 Popular pressure
2.3 Religious upheaval
3 Major events during the Terror
4 Thermidorian Reaction
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
7.1 Primary sources
7.2 Secondary sources
7.3 Historiography
8 External links
Barère and Robespierre glorify "terror"[edit]
See also: History of France § Counter-revolution subdued (July 1793–April 1794)
Bertrand Barère
There was a sense of emergency among leading politicians in France in the summer of 1793 between the widespread civil war and counter-revolution. Bertrand Barère exclaimed on 5 September 1793 in the Convention: "Let's make terror the order of the day!"[5][6] They were determined to avoid street violence such as the September Massacres of 1792 by taking violence into their own hands as an instrument of government.[4]
Robespierre in February 1794 in a speech explained the necessity of terror:
If the basis of popular government in peacetime is virtue, the basis of popular government during a revolution is both virtue and terror; virtue, without which terror is baneful; terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing more than speedy, severe and inflexible justice; it is thus an emanation of virtue; it is less a principle in itself, than a consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing needs of the patrie [homeland, fatherland].[7][4]
Some historians argue that such terror was a necessary reaction to the circumstances.[8] Others suggest there were additional causes, including ideological[9] and emotional.[10]
Influences on the Terror[edit]
Enlightenment thought[edit]
Enlightenment thought emphasized the importance of rational thinking and began challenging legal and moral foundations of society, providing the leaders of the Terror with new ideas about the role and structure of government.[11] Rousseau's Social Contract argued that each person was born with rights, and they would come together to form a government that would then protect those rights. Under the social contract, the government was required to act for the general will, which represented the interests of everyone rather than a few factions.[12] Drawing from the idea of a general will, Robespierre felt that the French Revolution could result in a Republic built for the general will but only once those who fought this ideal were expelled.[13] [14] Those who resisted the government were deemed "tyrants" fighting against the virtue and honor of the general will. The leaders felt their ideal version of government was threatened from the inside and outside of France, and terror was the only way to preserve the dignity of the Republic created from French Revolution.[15]
Popular pressure[edit]
During the Reign of Terror, the sans-culottes and the Hébertists put pressure on the National Convention delegates and contributed to the overall instability of France. The National Convention was bitterly split between the Montagnards and the Girondins. The Girondins were more conservative leaders of the National Convention, while the Montagnards supported radical violence and pressures of the lower classes.[16] Once the Montagnards gained control of the National Convention, they began demanding radical measures. Moreover, the sans-culottes, the scrappy, urban workers of France, agitated leaders to inflict punishments on those who opposed the interests of the poor. The sans-culottes’ violent demonstrations pushing their demands, created constant pressure for the Montagnards to enact reform.[17] The sans-culottes fed the frenzy of instability and chaos by utilizing popular pressure during the Revolution. For example, the sans-culottes sent letters and petitions to the Committee of Public Safety urging them to protect their interests and rights with measures such as taxation of foodstuffs that favored workers over the rich. They advocated for arrests of those deemed to oppose reforms against those with privilege, and the more militant members would advocate pillage in order to achieve the desired equality.[18] The resulting instability caused problems that made forming the new Republic and achieving full political support even more critical.
Religious upheaval[edit]
The Reign of Terror was characterized by a dramatic rejection of long-held religious authority, its hierarchical structure, and the corrupt and intolerant influence of the aristocracy and clergy. Religious elements that long stood as symbols of stability for the French people, were replaced by reason and scientific thought.[19][20] The radical revolutionaries and their supporters desired a cultural revolution that would rid the French state of all Christian influence.[21] This process began with the fall of the monarchy, an event that effectively defrocked the State of its sanctification by the clergy via the doctrine of Divine Right and ushered in an era of reason.[22]
Many long-held rights and powers were stripped from the Church and given to the State. In 1789, church lands were expropriated and priests killed and forced to leave France.[23] A Festival of Reason was held in the Notre Dame Cathedral, which was renamed "The Temple of Reason", and the old traditional calendar was replaced with a new revolutionary one.[24] The leaders of the Terror tried to address the call for these radical, revolutionary aspirations, while at the same time trying to maintain tight control on the de-Christianization movement that was threatening to the clear majority of the still devoted Catholic population of France. The tension sparked by these conflicting objectives laid a foundation for the "justified" use of terror to achieve revolutionary ideals and rid France of the religiosity that revolutionaries believed was standing in the way.
Major events during the Terror[edit]
Main articles: History of France § Revolutionary France (1789–1799), and France § Revolutionary France (1789–1799)
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Maximilien Robespierre, member of the Committee of Public Safety
On 10 March 1793 the National Convention created the Revolutionary Tribunal. Among those charged by the tribunal, about a half were acquitted (though the number dropped to about a quarter after the enactment of the Law of 22 Prairial). In March rebellion broke out in the Vendée in response to mass conscription, which developed into a civil war that lasted until after the Terror.
On 6 April the Committee of Public Safety was created, which gradually became the de facto war-time government.
On 2 June, the Parisian sans-culottes surrounded the National Convention, calling for administrative and political purges, a low fixed price for bread, and a limitation of the electoral franchise to sans-culottes alone. With the backing of the national guard, they persuaded the convention to arrest 29 Girondist leaders.[25] In reaction to the imprisonment of the Girondin deputies, some thirteen departments started the Federalist revolts against the National Convention in Paris, which were ultimately crushed. On 24 June, the convention adopted the first republican constitution of France, the French Constitution of 1793. It was ratified by public referendum, but never put into force.
On 13 July the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat – a Jacobin leader and journalist – resulted in a further increase in Jacobin political influence. Georges Danton, the leader of the August 1792 uprising against the king, was removed from the committee. On July 27, 1793, Robespierre became part of the Committee of Public Safety.[26]
On 23 August, the National Convention decreed the levée en masse, "The young men shall fight; the married man shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn all lint into linen; the old men shall betake themselves to the public square in order to arouse the courage of the warriors and preach hatred of kings and the unity of the Republic."
The execution of the Girondins
On 9 September, the convention established paramilitary forces, the "revolutionary armies", to force farmers to surrender grain demanded by the government. On 17 September, the Law of Suspects was passed, which authorized the imprisonment of vaguely defined "suspects". This created a mass overflow in the prison systems. On 29 September, the convention extended price fixing from grain and bread to other essential goods, and also fixed wages.
On 10 October, the Convention decreed that "the provisional government shall be revolutionary until peace." On 24 October, the French Republican Calendar was enacted. The trial of the Girondins started on the same day and they were executed on 31 October.
Anti-clerical sentiments increased during 1793 and a campaign of dechristianization occurred. On 10 November (20 Brumaire Year II of the French Republican Calendar), the Hébertists organized a Festival of Reason.
The execution of Olympe de Gouges, feminist writer close to the Girondins
On 14 Frimaire (5 December 1793) was passed the Law of Frimaire, which gave the central government more control over the actions of the representatives on mission.
On 16 Pluviôse (4 February 1794), the National Convention decreed that slavery be abolished in all of France and French colonies.
On 8 and 13 Ventôse (26 February and 3 March), Saint-Just proposed decrees to confiscate the property of exiles and opponents of the revolution, known as the Ventôse Decrees.
By the end of 1793, two major factions had emerged, both threatening the Revolutionary Government: the Hébertists, who called for an intensification of the Terror and threatened insurrection, and the Dantonists, led by Georges Danton, who demanded moderation and clemency. The Committee of Public Safety took actions against both. The major Hébertists were tried before the Revolutionary Tribunal and executed on 24 March. The Dantonists were arrested on 30 March, tried on 3 to 5 April and executed on 5 April.
On 20 Prairial (8 June) was celebrated across the country the Festival of the Supreme Being, which was part of the Cult of the Supreme Being, a deist national religion. On 22 Prairial (10 June), the National Convention passed a law proposed by Georges Couthon, known as the Law of 22 Prairial, which simplified the judicial process and greatly accelerated the work of the Revolutionary Tribunal. With the enactment of the law, the number of executions greatly increased, and the period from this time to the Thermidorian Reaction became known as "The Grand Terror".
On 8 Messidor (26 June), the French army won the Battle of Fleurus, which marked a turning point in France's military campaign and undermined the necessity of wartime measures and the legitimacy of the Revolutionary Government.
Thermidorian Reaction[edit]
Main article: Thermidorian Reaction
The execution of Maximilien Robespierre
The fall of Robespierre was brought about by a combination of those who wanted more power for the Committee of Public Safety (and a more radical policy than he was willing to allow) and the moderates who completely opposed the revolutionary government. They had, between them, made the Law of 22 Prairial one of the charges against him, so that, after his fall, to advocate terror would be seen as adopting the policy of a convicted enemy of the republic, putting the advocate's own head at risk. Between his arrest and his execution, Robespierre may have tried to commit suicide by shooting himself, although the bullet wound he sustained, whatever its origin, only shattered his jaw. Alternatively, he may have been shot by the gendarme Merda. The great confusion that arose during the storming of the municipal Hall of Paris, where Robespierre and his friends had found refuge, makes it impossible to be sure of the wound's origin. In any case, Robespierre was guillotined the next day.[27]
The reign of the standing Committee of Public Safety was ended. New members were appointed the day after Robespierre's execution, and limits on terms of office were fixed (a quarter of the committee retired every three months). The Committee's powers were gradually eroded.
See also[edit]
Bals des victimes
Tricoteuse
Drownings at Nantes
State terrorism
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Reign of Terror". Encyclopædia Britannica (2015). Retrieved 19 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Linton, Marisa. "The Terror in the French Revolution" (PDF). Kingston University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
Jump up ^ The dates July 1789, September 1792, March 1793 as starting date for the Reign of Terror (French: la Terreur) are given in the French Wikipedia, referring to source: Jean-Clément Martin, La Terreur, part maudite de la Révolution ('The Terror, the cursed part of the Revolution'), coll. Découvertes Gallimard (n° 566), Paris: Gallimard, 2010, p. 14–15.
^ Jump up to: a b c Linton, Marisa (August 2006). "Robespierre and the terror: Marisa Linton reviews the life and career of one of the most vilified men in history". History Today. 8 (56): 23. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Noah Shusterman – The French Revolution. Faith, Desire, and Politics. Routledge, London and New York, 2014. Chapter 7 (p. 175–203): The federalist revolt, the Vendée, and the start of the Terror (summer–fall 1793).
Jump up ^ (in French) '30 août 1793 – La terreur à l'ordre du jour!' Website Vendéens & Chouans. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Halsall, Paul (1997). "Maximilien Robespierre: On the Principles of Political Morality, February 1794". Fordham University. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Mathiez, Albert. La Révolution Française. Librairie Armand Colin. ISBN 978-7-100-07058-4.
Jump up ^ Furet, Francois. A Deep-rooted Ideology as Well as Circumstance, p. 224.
Jump up ^ Tackett, Timothy (2015-02-23). The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution. Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674736559.
Jump up ^ William F. Church, "Introduction", in The Influence of the Enlightenment on the French Revolution, ed. William F. Church (Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1964), vii.
Jump up ^ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, "Ideal Empires and Republics. Rousseau's Social Contract, More's Utopia, Bacon's New Atlantis, Campanella's City of the Sun with an Introduction by Charles M. Andrews", (Washington: M. Walter Dunne, 1901), 92–94, Online Library of Liberty, http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rousseau-ideal-empires-and-republics.
Jump up ^ Henri Peyre, "The Influence of Eighteenth Century Ideas on the French Revolution", in The Influence of the Enlightenment on the French Revolution, ed. William F. Church (Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1964), 99-101.
Jump up ^ Maximilien Robespierre, "Justification of the Use of Terror", July 28, 1794, Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University, accessed May 1, 2018, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/robespierre-terror.asp.
Jump up ^ Maximilien Robespierre, "Justification of the Use of Terror", July 28, 1794, Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University, accessed May 1, 2018, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/robespierre-terror.asp.
Jump up ^ Jeremy D. Popkin, A Short History of the French Revolution, (London: Routledge, 2016), 64.
Jump up ^ "Terror, Vengeance, and Martyrdom in the French Revolution: THE CASE OF THE SHADES - Oxford Scholarship", 2014, accessed May 1, 2018, http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199959853.001.0001/acprof-9780199959853-chapter-8. 2014.
Jump up ^ Albert Soboul, The Sans-culottes; the Popular Movement and Revolutionary Government, 1793–1794, (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1972), 5–17.
Jump up ^ Edmond Pressense, John Lacroix, Religion and the reign of terror, or, The church during the French revolution (World constitutions illustrated), (New York : Cincinnati: Carlton & Lanahan ; Hitchcock & Walden, 1869).
Jump up ^ Emmet Kennedy. A Cultural History of the French Revolution. (Yale University Press, 1989), 343. ISBN 9780300044263.
Jump up ^ Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution; chp 3, "The Imagery of Radicalism", 1984, 87–119.
Jump up ^ Jeremy D. Popkin, A Short History of the French Revolution, (London: Routledge, 2016), 72–73.
Jump up ^ Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution; chp 3, "The Imagery of Radicalism", 1984, 87–119.
Jump up ^ Jeremy D. Popkin, A Short History of the French Revolution, (London: Routledge, 2016), 72–73.
Jump up ^ Jones, Peter. The French Revolution 1787–1804. Pearson Education, 2003, p. 57.
Jump up ^ "Maximilien Robespierre | Biography, Facts, & Execution". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-09-19.
Jump up ^ Merriman, John (2004). "Thermidor" (2nd ed.). A history of modern Europe: from the Renaissance to the present, p 507. W.W. Norton & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-393-92495-5
Further reading[edit]
Primary sources[edit]
Cléry, Jean-Baptiste; Henry Essex Edgeworth (1961) [1798]. Sidney Scott, ed. Journal of the Terror. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 3153946.
Secondary sources[edit]
Andress, David (2006). The Terror: The Merciless War for Freedom in Revolutionary France. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-27341-3.
Andress, David; Popkin, Jeremy (2015). Revolution and Changing Identities in France, 1789-99. Oxford University Press.
Baker, Keith M. François Furet, and Colin Lucas, eds. (1987) The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture, vol. 4, The Terror (London: Pergamon Press, 1987)
Beik, William (August 2005). "The Absolutism of Louis XIV as Social Collaboration: Review Article". Past and Present. 188: 195–224. doi:10.1093/pastj/gti019.
Censer, Jack, and Lynn Hunt (2001). Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Hunt, Lynn (1984). Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gough, Hugh. The terror in the French revolution (London: Macmillan, 1998)
Hibbert, Christopher (1981). The Days of the French Revolution. New York: Quill-William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-16978-7.
Kerr, Wilfred Brenton (1985). Reign of Terror, 1793–1794. London: Porcupine Press. ISBN 0-87991-631-1.
Linton, Marisa (August 2006). "Robespierre and the terror: Marisa Linton reviews the life and career of one of the most vilified men in history, (Maximilien Robespierre)(Biography)". History Today. 8 (56): 23.
Linton, Marisa, Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship and Authenticity in the French Revolution (Oxford University Press, 2013).
Loomis, Stanley (1964). Paris in the Terror. New York: Dorset Press. ISBN 0-88029-401-9.
Moore, Lucy (2006). Liberty: The Lives and Times of Six Women in Revolutionary France. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-720601-1.
Palmer, R. R. (2005). Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of the Terror in the French Revolution. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12187-7.
Reinberg, M; Chaouat, Bruno; Brewer, Daniel; Brewer, Maria; Schlte-Sasse, Jochen (2010). Modernity and Ethics: The Ghost of Terror in the French Thought. ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis.
Schama, Simon (1989). Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 678–847. ISBN 0-394-55948-7.
Scott, Otto (1974). Robespierre, The Fool as Revolutionary – Inside the French Revolution. Windsor, New York: The Reformer Library. ISBN 978-1-887690-05-8.
Shadow (February 9, 1870). "The "Reign of Terror"". New York Times.
Shulim, Joseph I. "Robespierre and the French Revolution," American Historical Review (1977) 82#1 pp. 20–38 in JSTOR
Soboul, Albert. "Robespierre and the Popular Movement of 1793–4", Past and Present, No. 5. (May 1954), pp. 54–70. in JSTOR
Steel, Mark (2003). Vive La Revolution. London: Scribner. ISBN 0-7432-0806-4.
Reviewed by Adam Thorpe in The Guardian, 23 December 2006.
Sutherland, D.M.G. (2003) The French Revolution and Empire: The Quest for a Civic Order pp 174–253
Wahnich, Sophie (2016). In Defence of the Terror: Liberty or Death in the French Revolution (Reprint ed.). Verso. ISBN 978-1784782023.
Reviewed by Ruth Scurr in The Guardian, 17 August 2012
Weber, Caroline. (2003) Terror and Its Discontents: Suspect Words in Revolutionary France online
Historiography[edit]
Kafker, Frank, James M. Lauz, and Darline Gay Levy (2002). The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company.
Rudé, George (1976). Robespierre: Portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-60128-4. A Marxist political portrait of Robespierre, examining his changing image among historians and the different aspects of Robespierre as an 'ideologue', as a political democrat, as a social democrat, as a practitioner of revolution, as a politician and as a popular leader/leader of revolution, it also touches on his legacy for the future revolutionary leaders Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to French Revolution.
"The Terror" from In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)
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text:
Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand"
Single by Primitive Radio Gods
from the album Rocket
B-side
"Feel Me"
Released
June 1996
Format
CD
Genre
Alternative rock, trip hop, downtempo
Length
5:39
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Chris O'Connor, Leonard Feather
Producer(s)
Chris O'Connor
Primitive Radio Gods singles chronology
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand"
(1996) "Motherfucker"
(1996)
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand"
(1996) "Motherfucker"
(1996)
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" is a song by American alternative rock group Primitive Radio Gods. It was released in June 1996 as the lead single from their debut album, Rocket, and became a popular radio hit over the following few months, reaching number two in Canada and number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart. It became popular after being featured in the movie The Cable Guy, as well as its film soundtrack, and soon after peaked at number one on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.
Contents
1 Content
2 Cover versions
3 Track listing
4 Charts
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 References
6 External links
Content[edit]
The song's title is a reference to the otherwise unrelated song "Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" by Bruce Cockburn, from his 1978 album Further Adventures Of.[1][2] Its chorus consists of a sample from the 1964 B.B. King song "How Blue Can You Get": "I've been downhearted baby, ever since the day we met."
Cover versions[edit]
It was covered by The Copyrights on the Methadones/Copyrights split CD. The melody and lyrics remain unchanged, but the song was retitled "Locked Outside a Motel Without Shoes, a Wallet or a Phone".
John Nolan, guitarist and co-lead vocalist of Taking Back Sunday, released a cover of the song on his Live at Southpaw EP.
Irish band Fight Like Apes covered the song on the 2015 charity compilation Forever Young: The Windmill Lane Sessions.
Track listing[edit]
American CD
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" (Radio Edit) – 4:35
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" – 5:39
American 7"
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" (Radio Edit) – 4:35
"Feel Me" – 2:46
British CD
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" (Radio Edit) – 4:35
"Mona Lisa" – 3:10
"Feel Me" – 2:46
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1996)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[3]
31
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[4]
2
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[5]
49
Canada Rock/Alternative (RPM)[6]
1
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[7]
80
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[8]
74
US Radio Songs (Billboard)[9]
10
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[10]
19
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[11]
1
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[12]
32
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[13]
7
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1996)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[14]
34
Canada Rock/Alternative (RPM)[15]
13
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bruce Cockburn". Trouser Press. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Interview with Primitive Radio Gods". Tomatrax. May 19, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Primitive Radio Gods – Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 9929." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 9513." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Rock/Alternative Tracks: Issue 9519." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Primitive Radio Gods Chart History (Radio Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Primitive Radio Gods Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Primitive Radio Gods Chart History (Alternative Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Primitive Radio Gods Chart History (Mainstream Rock)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Primitive Radio Gods Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "RPM Year End Top 100 Hit Tracks". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "RPM Year End Alternative Top 50". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
v
t
e
Primitive Radio Gods
Chris O'Connor
Tim Lauterio
Luke McAuliffe
Jeff Sparks
Studio albums
Rocket
White Hot Peach
Mellotron On!
Still Electric
Sweet Venus
Out Alive
Manmade Sun
EPs
Fading Out
Singles
"Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand"
"Motherfucker"
Related articles
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Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva
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Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva
Japanese release poster
Directed by
Masakazu Hashimoto
Produced by
Kenji Horikawa
Arimasa Okada
Toshiaki Okuno
Shin Omura
Ichiro Takase
Screenplay by
Aya Matsui
Story by
Akihiro Hino
Starring
Yo Oizumi
Maki Horikita
Nana Mizuki
Atsurô Watabe
Saki Aibu
Music by
Tomohito Nishiura
Tsuneyoshi Saito
Production
company
P.A.Works
OLM
Distributed by
Toho
Manga UK
Release date
December 19, 2009 (2009-12-19)
Running time
99 minutes
Country
Japan
Language
Japanese
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva (レイトン教授と永遠の歌姫, Reiton-kyōju to Eien no Utahime), also known as Professor Layton: The First Movie (レイトン教授 ザ・ファースト・ムービー, Reiton-kyōju Za Fāsuto Mūbī), is a 2009 anime mystery comedy-drama[citation needed] film directed by Masakazu Hashimoto and produced by P.A.Works and OLM. The film is based on the Professor Layton video game series by Level-5, taking place between the events of the video games Professor Layton and the Last Specter and Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask.
According to Level-5, the film stays true to the games, with music, puzzles and characters. An English-language version was released by Manga Entertainment in the United Kingdom on October 18, 2010 at the same time Professor Layton and the Unwound Future was. The film was released in the United States on November 8, 2011 by Viz Media.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Characters
3 Home media
4 Soundtracks
5 Reception
6 Possible sequel
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Not long after the events of Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box, archaeologist and puzzle master Professor Hershel Layton and his young apprentice Luke Triton reminisce over one of their earliest adventures together from three years ago: Layton is invited by his former student Janice Quatlane to watch her perform in an opera at the Crown Petone opera house, which is built on the White Cliffs of Dover. The performance centers on the legendary lost land of Ambrosia and the secret of eternal life it holds, which will be rediscovered when its queen returns. Janice believes recent strange occurrences are somehow connected to the opera: girls have disappeared from London, and the opera's composer, Oswald Whistler, has recently adopted a young girl who has claimed to be his deceased daughter Melina. Whistler plays the entire opera on the Detragon, an elaborate one-man orchestra machine. Once the performance is complete, a mystery man informs the audience that they are to play a game, the winner of which will receive the secret of eternal life, while the losers will die. Several members of the audience try to escape, but the floor opens up beneath them and they disappear. Inspector Grosky tries to arrest the mystery man, but the man is a puppet which inflates and floats out of the theater, taking Grosky with him.
The Crown Petone is revealed to be a ship, which breaks off from the cliffs and sets sail. The mystery man unveils a series of timed puzzles intended to progressively eliminate the players until one winner remains. Layton's prolific puzzle-solving prowess allows him, Luke, Janice, and a group of nine others to quickly deduce the answers. The remaining contestants leave the ship in lifeboats, which take the players to their next destination as the ship explodes behind them.
The next morning, the group finds themselves on an island. After discovering a sculpted stone seal, amateur historian Marco Brock reasons they must be at Ambrosia. Evading a pack of wolves as they make their way towards the castle at the centre of the island, Layton, Luke and Janice become separated from the rest of the group and assemble a makeshift helicopter that allows them to fly to the castle quickly. There, they solve the fourth and final puzzle that directs them to the final room of the contest, but Layton leaves Luke, Janice and two other contestants (Brock and child prodigy Amelia Ruth) to enter it while he explores the rest of the castle.
Back in London, Emmy Altava, Professor Layton’s assistant, is meeting with Dr. Andrew Schrader when she hears about the events on the Crown Petone. She flies out to the remains of the ship, where she picks up Inspector Grosky and flies to the island.
Layton finds a room filled with Melina Whistler’s belongings, along with a piece of sheet music titled “A Song of the Sea”. He meets Melina herself and witnesses her having an argument with herself. Luke, Janice, Brock and Amelia enter the final room of the contest, only to be trapped behind bars. The mystery man reveals himself as Jean Descole, Layton and Luke’s old nemesis, who orders Amelia to be brought to him. Luke, Janice and Brock are taken by Descole’s men, but they are saved by Emmy and Grosky. Layton and Melina meet up with them, and Emmy recognizes “Melina” as Nina, one of the girls who went missing.
Amelia is brought to Oswald Whistler, believed to have been eliminated by a previous puzzle, and declares her the winner of the contest, but soon forces her into a machine connected to the Detragon and confesses that there is no Elixir of Life. Layton and company manage to save her, and Layton explains the truth: the Detragon is actually a machine that can copy a person’s personality and download their memories into another person’s brain. Whistler had conspired with Descole to abduct girls from London and use the Detragon to implant them with his dead daughter's memories as a means of keeping her alive indefinitely. This is the fate that befell Nina, and it is the fate that Whistler had planned for Amelia. Layton reveals that Janice also was a victim of Whistler's experiments, and that, unbeknownst to Whistler, he had actually succeeded in transferring Melina's memories into Janice's body. It was Melina who sought Layton's help in stopping her father from hurting anyone else.
With Melina’s cover blown, Descole captures her and reveals his true plan: to use the Detragon in concert with Melina's singing to raise Ambrosia by playing a pair of melodies found in the island's stone seal - the Song of the Stars and the Song of the Sea. After Descole's attempts fail, he flies into a rage: the Detragon destroys the castle and becomes the controls of a gigantic excavation robot, the Detragiganto, which Descole commands and begins rampaging across the island in a desperate attempt to uncover Ambrosia by force. Layton and company escape the castle, and Layton and Luke fly in their makeshift helicopter to save Melina.
During the chaos, Melina tries to stop Descole, but he knocks her over the side of the robot, where she holds on for her life. Luke rescues Melina while Layton duels with Descole on top of the Detragiganto, and reveals that Descole had overlooked a third melody hidden in the seal, the Song of the Sun. Again, Melina sings as Layton takes the Detragon's controls, and this time, the ruins of Ambrosia do indeed rise, infuriating Descole even further. He lunges at Layton, believing that the ruins belong only to him, but merely damages the control panel instead, throwing the Detragiganto out of control and causing it to heavily damage itself. Descole falls off the machine and disappears while Layton, Luke and Melina escape.
In the aftermath of the rise of Ambrosia, Melina decides she cannot take over Janice's life, and, after bidding farewell to her father, Luke and Layton, her spirit leaves Janice's body. Whistler plays one last song on the remains of the Detragon, and Janice, now in control of her body again, sings for Melina's memory. As the sun rises over the island, Luke wonders if Melina could have been a reincarnation of the queen of Ambrosia, and Layton reminds him of the legend: that Ambrosia would rise again when its beloved queen returned.
Characters[edit]
See also: List of Professor Layton characters
Professor Hershel Layton, Voiced by: You Oizumi (Japanese); Christopher Robin Miller (English): A tea-loving professor of archaeology from London's Gressenheller University, and an avid puzzle solver. He is no detective, but there are no mysteries he cannot solve. His adventures around the world solving cases brought him much fame, and a very good reputation. He always wears his trademark top hat.
Luke Triton, Voiced by: Maki Horikita (Japanese); Maria Darling (English): The self-proclaimed "apprentice number one" of Professor Layton. Luke follows his teacher everywhere, and is always trying to learn from him. Luke has a special talent that allows him to speak to animals.
Emmy Altava, Voiced by: Saki Aibu (Japanese); Emma Tate (English): The appointed assistant of Professor Layton. She is quite knowledgeable, as well as skilled at martial arts, and jokingly refers Luke as Layton's "second assistant". She leaves Layton and Luke to investigate about kidnapped children from London with Dr. Schrader.
Janice Quatlane, Voiced by: Nana Mizuki (Japanese); Emma Tate (English): A famed opera singer and former student of Layton, who requests Professor Layton's aid. She is known to have a beautiful voice. It is interesting to note that her Japanese voice actress also serves as her singing voice, regardless of language
Jean Descole, Voiced by: Atsuro Watabe (Japanese); Jonathan Keeble (English): The true villain of the film. He is an intelligent and enigmatic scientist, who draws people to his side with his empty promises.
Inspector Clamp Grosky, Voiced by: Houchu Ohtsuka (Japanese); Stuart Organ (English): Head of Scotland Yard. A loud and athletic man, he investigates the Crown Petone to find out about the abductions.
Oswald Whistler, Voiced by: Iemasa Kayumi (Japanese); Robbie Stevens (English): The 54-year-old pianist who runs the music in the opera house. He built the Crown Petone opera house with the help of Dr. Andrew Schrader, but built the Detragon with Descole's help.
Melina Whistler, Voiced by: Fumiko Orikasa: Oswald's daughter and Janice' best friend who died from an illness one year prior to the start of the film at the early age of 22.
Nina, Voiced by: Sumire Morohoshi: A seven-year-old girl who claims to have been granted the gift of Eternal Life. She also claims to be Janice' friend, Melina brought back to life.
Amelia Ruth, Voiced by: Megumi Toyoguchi (Japanese); Claire Morgan (English): A 16-year-old young lady. She is a champion chess player, known throughout all Britain. Unlike the other "contestants", she doesn't want Eternal Life for herself, but rather wants to give it to her sick grandfather (who has a month to live) to keep him alive.
Curtis O'Donnel, Voiced by: Shozo Iizuka (Japanese); Wayne Forester (English): A 65-year-old adventurous sea-captain. He wants to win Eternal Life in order to navigate the seas forever.
Marco Brock, Voiced by: Kenta Miyake (Japanese); David Holt (English): A 45-year-old amateur historian who has studied the legend of Ambrosia extensively. He wants to win Eternal Life in order to solve all the mysteries of the ancient world.
Frederick Bargland, Voiced by: Jouji Nakata (Japanese); Stuart Organ (English): The wealthy CEO of the World Fleet Corporation, who lives in London. His doctor gave him six months to live, and he wants to win Eternal Life so his companies will remain successful.
Annie Dretche, Voiced by: LiliCo (Japanese); Maria Darling (English): A famous British author, who wrote the famous mystery novel, 'Murder on the Thames'. She wants Eternal Life in order to write novels forever.
Celia Raidley, Voiced by: Kikuko Inoue (Japanese); Sarah Hadland (English): The beautiful 32-year-old widow of a former millionaire, who often appears in gossip magazines. She wants Eternal Life so she will retain her beauty forever.
Pierre Starbuck, Voiced by: Kouichi Yamadera (Japanese); Robbie Stevens (English): The young 25-year-old talented football player nicknamed "The Man with the Golden Left Leg", who had to give up playing due to a leg injury. He wants Eternal Life in order to "get his strength back".
The film also features many short cameo appearances of many of the characters from throughout the first trilogy of the Professor Layton series including Flora Reinhold, Don Paolo, Inspector Chelmey, Constable Barton, Spring and Cogg, Stachenscarfen, Sammy Thunder, Mr. Beluga, Granny Riddleton, Babette, Claudia the Cat, Dorothea and Dr. Andrew Schrader. The Elysian Box (Pandora's Box) also makes an appearance on Dr. Schrader's office.
Home media[edit]
The film was released in Singapore on March 18, 2010, showing in Japanese with English and Chinese subtitles. Manga Entertainment UK has licensed the film for DVD and Blu-ray Disc release in the United Kingdom in October 2010.[1] The Manga Entertainment release is dubbed by the voice actors used in the UK releases of the game, including several new voice actors, like Sarah Hadland and Wayne Forester.[2] Several versions of the film have been released: a standard DVD release, a standard Blu-ray release, a three-disc DVD and Blu-ray combo pack, and a three-disc collector's edition that includes a 630-page book containing the complete storyboard.
When asked about a North American release, director Akihiro Hino said, "We don't have any plans to release the movies in America currently, but we'll make sure to let you know if that changes."[3] Viz Media announced they had licensed the movie and released it on DVD in North America on November 8, 2011.[4] The DVD was a direct port of the UK version and was not redubbed with the North American voice actors. The film was also released in German as Professor Layton und die ewige Diva and in the Netherlands as Professor Layton en de Eeuwige Diva.
Soundtracks[edit]
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Two albums were released in Japan containing the music of the film. One titled The Eternal Diva: Janice Quatlane, containing all the vocal songs, and the other titled Layton Kyouju To Eien no Utahime Original Soundtrack, containing the main music from the film (most of which is reorchestrated versions of music from the first four games). Unlike the games, an actual orchestra was used for most of the music. In addition, the film's ending theme, The Eternal Diva, is included with its lyrics on both albums.
[show]The Eternal Diva: Janice Quatlane
No.
Title
Length
1. "Record of Memories" 1:19
2. "Let this Happiness be Eternal" 1:46
3. "A Transient Life's Departure" 2:06
4. "Janice's Tears" 1:38
5. "The Eternal Diva" 7:03
6. "A Song of the Stars" 0:37
7. "A Song of the Sea" 0:49
8. "A Song of the Sun" 2:16
9. "Indigo Memories" 1:39
Total length: 19:13
[show]Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva Original Soundtrack
No.
Title
Length
1. "Cold Open ~Professor Layton's Theme" 2:38
2. "Prologue to the Adventure ~Puzzles" 1:27
3. "Travel Guide ~Descole's Theme (unused)" 1:40
4. "Compensation 1 ~Detragiganto's Theme" 0:33
5. "Departure to the Voyage ~Descole's Theme" 2:05
6. "Detragan's Echoes ~Whistler's Theme" 1:06
7. "Rules for the Survivors ~An Uneasy Atmosphere" 0:46
8. "Puzzle Number 001 ~Puzzles Reinvented (from Unwound Future)" 1:56
9. "Compensation 2 ~Detragiganto's Theme" 0:21
10. "Puzzle Number 002 ~Puzzles 5 (from Last Specter)" 4:11
11. "Melina's Tenacity ~An Uneasy Atmosphere (from Diabolical Box)" 0:27
12. "People of the Past ~The Looming Tower (from Curious Village)" 2:13
13. "The True Crown ~Descole's Theme" 1:54
14. "About London ~About Town (from Curious Village)" 0:43
15. "The Passionate Whistler ~Whistler's Theme" 1:26
16. "The Legendary Kingdom ~Theme of Ambrosia" 0:56
17. "Rest ~Time for a Break" 0:53
18. "Approaching Pursuer 1 ~Approaching Pursuer" 1:18
19. "Puzzle Number 003 ~Revolutionary Idea" 0:54
20. "Adjusting the Pace ~Pursuit in the Night (from Curious Village)" 1:11
21. "Compensation 3 ~Detragiganto's Theme" 0:12
22. "Escape! ~Professor Layton's Theme" 2:24
23. "Puzzle Number 004 ~The Plot Thickens (from Curious Village)" 2:07
24. "Descole Appears ~Descole's Theme" 1:01
25. "Professor Layton's Piano ~A Song of the Sea" 0:32
26. "Approaching Pursuer 2 ~Approaching Pursuer" 1:04
27. "Emmy's Efforts ~Emmy's Theme" 0:31
28. "Whistler's Experiment ~Dangerous Experiment" 2:10
29. "The Mystery Explained! ~Professor Layton's Theme" 2:34
30. "Great Conspiracy ~Descole, Ambrosia's Theme" 2:36
31. "Prelude to Destruction ~Descole's Theme" 1:07
32. "Detragiganto Appears ~Detragiganto's Theme" 1:43
33. "Janice's Crisis ~Tense Decision" 0:21
34. "Future British Gentleman ~Luke's Theme" 1:53
35. "The Final Battle ~Time of Conclusion" 1:49
36. "The Dream Collapses ~Theme of Ambrosia" 1:38
37. "Father's Memories ~Whistler's Theme" 0:35
38. "The Feelings Will Always Be Close ~Whistler's Theme" 2:46
39. "The Eternal Diva / Janice Quatlane (CV Nana Mizuki)" 6:55
Total length: 62:36
Reception[edit]
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva debuted at number 6 at the Japanese box office, grossing $1,074,959 USD during its opening weekend. By the weekend of March 24 to the 26th, the film had grossed $6,140,049 in both Japanese and overseas (Taiwan and Singapore) totals.[5] It was the ninth most watched anime film of the first of half of 2010 in Japan,[6] and the 14th of the entire year.[7]
GameSync.net gave it a positive review, calling it "wholeheartedly entertaining and heartwarming, with a dash of British wit and eccentricity."[8] IGN UK gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars, praising its plot, animation, and how the puzzles were incorporated into the film, but criticized its "overreliance of CG." It also regarded the film one of the first and few "good" video game films.[9]
Possible sequel[edit]
The game series' developer and publisher Level-5 has stated that they wished to release a Professor Layton film every winter, and that they are already producing the next film. Besides the animated films, a British/Japanese live-action film was in the works as well.[10] While not committing to a second film, director Akihiro Hino said that the "second season" of the Layton series (which begins with Professor Layton and the Last Specter) was originally imagined with another film.[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Manga U.K. to Release 1st Professor Layton Anime Film - News". Anime News Network. 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Professor Layton And The Eternal Diva DVD+Blu-ray Combi Pack Deluxe Collector's Edition: Amazon.co.uk: Chris Miller, Maria Darling, Sarah Hadland, Wayne Forester, Masakazu Hashimoto: Film & TV". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ Yoon, Andrew (2010-09-27). "Level-5 president on making a better Professor Layton for America". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva - more NA release details | GoNintendo - What are YOU waiting for?". GoNintendo. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Reiton kyôju to eien no utahime (Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva) (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Top Anime Movies at Japanese Box Office, 1st Half of 2010". Anime News Network. July 30, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top Anime Movies at Japanese Box Office: 2010". Anime News Network. December 12, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Pang, Edward (2010-03-18). "Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva is out in Singapore | No Game No Talk". Gamesync.net. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva Review - IGN". Movies.ign.com. 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Professor Layton: The First Movie Set for January 2010 - News". Anime News Network. 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Level-5 Details Professor Layton Plans". Andriasang.com. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
External links[edit]
Japanese official website
Official UK site (archived)
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva on IMDb
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Professor Layton series
Main series
Professor Layton and the Curious Village
Diabolical Box
Unwound Future
Last Specter
Miracle Mask
Azran Legacy
Layton's Mystery Journey
Other games
Layton Brothers: Mystery Room
Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
Related articles
Media
The Eternal Diva
Professor Hershel Layton
[show]
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t
e
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Dark Cloud
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VIII: Journey of the Cursed King
IX: Sentinels of the Starry Skies
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2
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GO
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GO 2: Chrono Stone
GO Strikers 2013
GO 3: Galaxy
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Dominion of the Dark Djinn
Wrath of the White Witch
II: Revenant Kingdom
Mobile games
Professor Layton
Curious Village
Diabolical Box
Unwound Future
Last Specter
Miracle Mask
Mystery Room
vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
Azran Legacy
Layton's Mystery Journey
White Knight Chronicles
White Knight Chronicles
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Yo-kai Watch
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Ushiro
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Level-5 Comcept
[show]
v
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e
Works by P.A.Works
Feature films
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva
Mai no Mahō to Katei no Hi
Hanasaku Iroha: Home Sweet Home
Sayonara no Asa ni Yakusoku no Hana o Kazarou
Television series
True Tears
Canaan
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Tari Tari
Red Data Girl
The Eccentric Family
Nagi-Asu: A Lull in the Sea
Glasslip
Shirobako
Charlotte
Haruchika
Kuromukuro
Sakura Quest
Uma Musume Pretty Derby
Original video animations
Angel Beats!: Stairway to Heaven
The Other -Karma-
Exodus! Episode 1: Exit Tokyo
Angel Beats!: Hell's Kitchen
The Third Girls Aerial Squad Episode 1
Charlotte
Video games
Wild Arms 3
Professor Layton and the Curious Village
Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box
Professor Layton and the Unwound Future
Triggerheart Exelica -Enhanced-
Professor Layton and the Last Specter
Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask
Professor Layton and the Azran Legacy
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Oriental Light and Magic
Television series
Wedding Peach (1995–1996)
Mojacko (1995–1997)
Pokémon (1997–present)
Berserk (1997–1998)
Adventures of Mini-Goddess (1998–1999)
To Heart (1999)
Steel Angel Kurumi (1999–2000)
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Comic Party (2001)
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Figure 17 (2001–2002)
Kasumin (2001–2003)
Piano: The Melody of a Young Girl's Heart (2002–2003)
Croket! (2003–2005)
Godannar (2003–2004)
Full-Blast Science Adventure – So That's How It Is (2003–2004)
Monkey Turn (2004)
Monkey Turn V (2004)
Agatha Christie's Great Detectives Poirot and Marple (2004–2005)
To Heart: Remember My Memories (2004)
Guyver: The Bioboosted Armor (2005–2006)
To Heart 2 (2005–2006)
Utawarerumono (2006)
Makai Senki Disgaea (2006)
Ray the Animation (2006)
Pokémon: The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon (2006)
Pokémon Chronicles (2006)
Super Robot Wars Original Generation: Divine Wars (2006–2007)
Gift: Eternal Rainbow (2006)
Deltora Quest (2007–2008)
Let's Go! Tamagotchi (2007–2008)
Inazuma Eleven (2008–2011)
Usaru-san (2009)
Tamagotchi! (2009–2012)
Hana Kappa (2010–present)
Little Battlers Experience (2011–2012)
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Little Battlers Experience W (2012–2013)
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Tamagotchi! Yume Kira Dream (2012–2013)
Little Battlers Experience Wars (2013)
Inazuma Eleven GO: Galaxy (2013–2014)
Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures (2013–2015)
Tamagotchi! Miracle Friends (2013–2014)
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GO-GO Tamagotchi! (2014–2015)
Dragon Collection (2014–2015)
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Future Card Buddyfight 100 (2015–2016)
Pikaia! (2015)
Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama (2015–present)
Future Card Buddyfight Triple D (2016–2017)
Age 12: A Little Heart-Pounding (2016)
Beyblade Burst (2016–2017)
Cardfight!! Vanguard G: NEXT (2016–2017)
BanG Dream! (2017)
Pikaia!! (2017)
Future Card Buddyfight X (2017–present)
Idol x Warrior Miracle Tunes (2017–present)
Beyblade Burst God (2017–present)
The Snack World (2017–present)
100% Pascal-sensei (2017–present)
PriPri Chi-chan!! (2017–present)
Atom: The Beginning (2017)
Tomica Hyper Rescue Drive Head Kidō Kyūkyū Keisatsu (2017–present)
Cardfight!! Vanguard G: Z (2017–present)
Films
Pokémon: The First Movie (1998)
Pokémon: The Movie 2000 (1999)
Pokémon 3: The Movie (2000)
Pokémon 4Ever (2001)
Pokémon Heroes (2002)
Pokémon: Jirachi Wish Maker (2003)
Pokémon: Destiny Deoxys (2004)
Blade of the Phantom Master (2004)
Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew (2005)
Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea (2006)
Dōbutsu no Mori (2006)
Pokémon: The Rise of Darkrai (2007)
Tamagotchi: The Movie (2007)
Pokémon: Giratina and the Sky Warrior (2008)
Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! (2008)
Pokémon: Arceus and the Jewel of Life (2009)
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva (2009)
Pokémon: Zoroark: Master of Illusions (2010)
Inazuma Eleven: Saikyō Gundan Ōga Shūrai (2010)
Pokémon the Movie: Black—Victini and Reshiram and White—Victini and Zekrom (2011)
Inazuma Eleven GO: Kyūkyoku no Kizuna Gurifon (2011)
Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice (2012)
Inazuma Eleven GO vs. Danbōru Senki W (2012)
Pokémon the Movie: Genesect and the Legend Awakened (2013)
Eiga Hana Kappa Hana-sake! Pakkaan Cho no Kuni no Daiboken (2013)
Pokémon the Movie: Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction (2014)
Yo-kai Watch: The Movie (2014)
Pokémon the Movie: Hoopa and the Clash of Ages (2015)
Yo-kai Watch: Enma Daiō to Itsutsu no Monogatari da Nyan! (2015)
Pokémon the Movie: Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel (2016)
Rudolf the Black Cat (2016)
Cyborg 009: Call of Justice (2016)
Yo-kai Watch: Soratobu Kujira to Double no Sekai no Daibōken da Nyan! (2016)
Eiga Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama: Kiseki o Okose ♪ Teppuru to Dokidoki Cocotama Kai (2017)
Eiga Tamagotchi: Himitsu no Otodoke Daisakusen! (2017)
Pokémon the Movie: I Choose You! (2017)
Yo-kai Watch Shadowside: Oni-ō no Fukkatsu (2017)
OVAs/ONAs
Makeruna! Makendō (1995)
Gunsmith Cats (1995–1996)
Power DoLLS (1996)
Wedding Peach DX (1996–1997)
Queen Emeraldas (1998)
High School Aurabuster (1999)
Steel Angel Kurumi Encore (2000)
Steel Angel Kurumi Zero (2001)
Early Reins (2003)
Gift: Eternal Rainbow (2007)
Bee and PuppyCat (2014–2016)
Kong: King of the Apes (2016–present)
Pokémon Generations (2016)
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Professor_Layton_and_the_Eternal_Diva&oldid=799570800"
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values: Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva – Catalan

values: Professor Layton und die ewige Diva – German

values: El profesor Layton y la diva eterna – Spanish

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