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Boney M.
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Boney M.
Boney M. in 1981
Background information
Genres
Disco
eurodisco
R&B
reggae
Years active
1974–1986
1987–1989
1992–1994
1996–2010 (other versions)
Labels
Hansa
Atlantic
Sony
Past members
Liz Mitchell
Marcia Barrett
Maizie Williams
Bobby Farrell
Reggie Tsiboe
Boney M. was a German vocal group created by German record producer Frank Farian. Originally based in West Germany, the four original members of the group's official line-up were Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett from Jamaica, Maizie Williams from Montserrat and Bobby Farrell from Aruba. The group was formed in 1976 and achieved popularity during the disco era of the late 1970s. Since the 1980s, various line-ups of the band have performed with different personnel.
With more than 150 million records sold, they are one of the best-selling artists of all time.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1970s
1.1.1 Take the Heat off Me
1.1.2 Love for Sale
1.1.3 Nightflight to Venus
1.1.4 Oceans of Fantasy
1.2 1980s
1.2.1 Boonoonoonoos
1.2.2 Ten Thousand Lightyears
1.2.3 Eye Dance
1.3 Later years
1.4 1990s
1.5 2000s
1.6 2010s
2 UK sales mark
3 Back catalogue
4 Popularity outside the West
5 Personnel
5.1 Original members
5.2 Other members
6 Discography
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
1970s[edit]
German singer-songwriter Frank Farian (real name Franz Reuther)[3] recorded the dance track "Baby Do You Wanna Bump" in December 1974. Farian sang the repeated line "Do you do you wanna bump?" in a deep voice (entirely studio created) as well as performing the high falsetto chorus. When the record was released as a single, it was credited to "Boney M.", a pseudonym Farian had created for himself after watching the Australian detective show Boney.[4] He said:
I turned on the TV one day and it was the end of a detective series. I just caught the credits and it said Boney. Nice name, I thought – Boney, Boney, Boney... Boney M. Boney, Boney, Boney M. Nice sound. Simple.[4]
After a slow start, the song became a hit in the Netherlands and Belgium. It was then that Farian decided to hire performers to 'front' the group for TV performances. Farian found Maizie Williams (originally from Montserrat) who brought in Bobby Farrell, a male exotic dancer from Aruba. Singer Marcia Barrett (also from Jamaica) joined the group, who brought in Liz Mitchell, former member of the Les Humphries Singers and Boney M was finalised.
Take the Heat off Me[edit]
Boney M.'s first album, Take the Heat off Me, was released in 1976. It contained tracks that Marcia Barrett had already recorded with Farian, including the title track and "Lovin' or Leavin'", both of which were previously recorded in German by another Farian act, Gilla. As Maizie Williams' voice was not considered suitable for recording purposes by Farian, and a try-out with Bobby Farrell performing "No Woman No Cry" did not work, Farian decided to use only Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett along with his own studio-enhanced voice to create the Boney M. sound.
The album's commercial performance was initially lukewarm. However, the group rigorously toured discos, clubs and even country fairs to earn a reputation for themselves. The group's big break came when, at the end of summer 1976, German television producer Michael 'Mike' Leckebusch (of Radio Bremen) requested the group for his show Musikladen. Boney M. appeared on the live music show on 18 September 1976, after 10 pm and in their daring stage costumes, where they performed the song "Daddy Cool". The song quickly went to no.1 in Germany, with the album following the success of the single. Another single, "Sunny" (a cover of the 1966 Bobby Hebb song) gave the group their second no.1 hit. The group's popularity had also grown throughout Europe, with "Daddy Cool" reaching no.1 in Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, and Austria. Both singles were also Top 10 hits in the UK, which would become one of their biggest markets.
Love for Sale[edit]
In 1977, Boney M. released their second album, Love for Sale, which contained the hits "Ma Baker" and "Belfast". The group embarked on their first major concert tours with a live band of musicians called 'The Black Beauty Circus' (given their name after Maizie Williams' first band, 'Black Beautiful People'). Love for Sale was certified Gold a year after its release in the UK.[5] Both singles from the album reached no.1 in Germany and the UK Top 10.
Nightflight to Venus[edit]
1978 was the group's biggest year. They released a new double A-sided single, "Rivers of Babylon/Brown Girl in the Ring", which became a massive hit all over Europe, reaching No. 1 in several countries as well as becoming one of the biggest selling singles of all time in the UK. It also became their most successful single in the United States, peaking at No. 30 on the U.S. pop singles chart. Following this came their biggest-selling album, Nightflight to Venus, which spawned further hit singles with "Rasputin" and "Painter Man". Continuing with their success, they released "Mary's Boy Child – Oh My Lord", which was the 1978 Christmas number one single in the United Kingdom and became another of the biggest selling singles of all time there. Also during 1978, Boney M. made a much publicized promotional visit to the Soviet Union, one of the very few Western acts along with Elton John to do so, although tracks like "Rasputin" were not released in the Soviet Union due to their lyrics.[6]
While it had never been a secret that Bobby Farrell never sang on the group's records (Farian did the male vocals in the studio), in 1978 it became public knowledge that Maizie Williams did not sing on the studio recordings either since "her voice wasn't suited for this kind of music", as Farian stated in an interview with German teen magazine Bravo. Since this had become common practice within the disco genre of the late '70s, few people cared – unlike when Farian did the same thing with Milli Vanilli in the late 1980s. While only two of Boney M.'s official members actually contributed to the band's records, all four members of the group, including Williams and Farrell, performed the vocals live at Boney M. concerts.[7] The band's live sound was also augmented by several backing vocalists, which served to enhance any vocal deficiencies the group may have had compared with the studio productions.
Oceans of Fantasy[edit]
1979 saw Boney M. release a brand new single, "Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday", which became another Top 10 hit across Europe. Later in the year they released their fourth album, Oceans of Fantasy, containing two hit singles – "Gotta Go Home"/"El Lute" and "I'm Born Again"/"Bahama Mama". The album also included a "Lead" and "Backing Vocals" credit for the first time. Oceans of Fantasy reached no.1 in the UK and was certified Platinum, though their run of Top 10 singles had now ended with "Gotta Go Home" peaking at no.12 and "I'm Born Again" peaking at 35.
1980s[edit]
In 1980, Boney M. released a greatest hits album, The Magic of Boney M. – 20 Golden Hits, which also contained two new songs, "My Friend Jack" and "I See a Boat on the River". It made the No. 1 spot in the UK, reaching Gold status within six weeks of release, though it was their last big-selling album in the UK.
Boonoonoonoos[edit]
Boney M.'s fifth album had been scheduled for release in November 1980 but the recording sessions dragged on all through 1981. When Boonoonoonoos was finally released by the end of that year, Bobby Farrell was fired from the group due to his unreliability. While still a healthy seller in continental Europe, "Boonoonoonoos" failed to crack the UK Top 100 after three consecutive No. 1 albums, and Farrell's departure left the group unable to promote it. Following this, the group released a Christmas Album.
Ten Thousand Lightyears[edit]
Reggie Tsiboe was hired to replace Farrell as the new male member of Boney M. in 1982 but the singles "The Carnival Is Over" and "Jambo" fared poorly, and the group's seventh album Ten Thousand Lightyears, issued in 1984, marked another commercial low point peaking at #23 in the German album charts. The group, however, returned to the German Top 20 in the autumn of 1984 with "Kalimba de Luna" (a Top 10 hit in France) and "Happy Song", the latter seeing Bobby Farrell return to the group. Both songs were carbon-copies of the original Italian hits by Tony Esposito and Baby's Gang respectively.
Eye Dance[edit]
By 1985, Farian clearly began losing interest in the group, and their final and eighth studio album Eye Dance was widely regarded as uninspired and disappointing. After celebrating Boney M.'s 10th anniversary in early 1986, the group officially disbanded after the release of the commercially unsuccessful single 'Young, Free and Single' (still: #49 in the German charts).
Later years[edit]
From this point, different versions of the group were formed by members, some with cooperation of Farian, others without (for example by independently obtaining the rights to use the Boney M. name in a different country). One version began touring in the first half of 1987 with Marilyn Scharbaai (Carrilho) taking Liz Mitchell's place. Mitchell returned for a second leg of the tour late 1987, and Marcia Barrett soon left the band. At the same time, Bobby Farrell had set up a deal for a new Boney M. album to be recorded without Farian in Belgium. When Farrell failed to show up for either recording or tour, and Maizie Williams had never sung on record, the album ended up being released as Liz Mitchell's first solo album No One Will Force You. Mitchell and Williams completed a tour during 1987–88, adding singer Celena Duncan and Ron Gale as replacements for Barrett and Farrell. Carol Grey later replaced Celena Duncan and Curt De Daran later replaced Ron Gale.
In October 1988, the classic Boney M. line-up reunited without producer Frank Farian for the album Greatest Hits of All Times – Remix '88 but tensions ran high between the members, and Liz Mitchell left in the spring of 1989 to be replaced by Madeleine Davis. While Mitchell promoted her solo album, the group recorded the single "Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker", without Farian's knowledge or approval. Threatened with legal action by the producer over the use of the Boney M. name, the single was subsequently withdrawn and Farian issued "Stories" with his own new Boney M. line-up featuring Liz Mitchell, Reggie Tsiboe and two new members, Sharon Stevens and Patty Onoyewenjo, "Stories" peaked at #11 in the Swiss charts. A second remix album Greatest Hits of All Times – Remix '89 – Volume II was released but fared poorly.
1990s[edit]
1992 saw a renewed interest in Boney M.'s music with the "Boney M. Megamix" single returning the group to the UK Top 10 for the first time since 1980, and a subsequent Greatest Hits album reaching the UK Top 20 in 1993. While Marcia Barrett, now residing in Florida, was battling cancer and unable to perform, Boney M. toured the world with a line-up of Liz Mitchell, Carol Grey, Patricia Lorna Foster and Curt Dee Daran (replaced by Tony Ashcroft in 1994). They released the single ‘Papa Chico’ but failed to chart. Maizie Williams assembled her own Boney M. line-up with her friend and short-time Boney M. member in the early days in 1975, Sheyla Bonnick, and two others. Bobby Farrell also toured with three ever changing female performers.
2000s[edit]
Boney M. featuring Maizie Williams performing at a concert
Liz Mitchell was touring the world with her line-up of Boney M., which is the only line-up officially supported by Farian (the court ruling of 1990 stated that all four members are entitled to perform their own Boney M. shows). Bobby Farrell and Liz Mitchell have released solo albums containing their own re-recordings of Boney M.'s classic hits. Maizie Williams released her first solo album in 2006 and her own single version of Boney M.'s "Sunny". In 2007 her rendition of 'Daddy Cool' with Melo-M hit the number one spot in the Latvian (LMK) Charts.[8] Marcia Barrett has released two solo albums with a third scheduled for release in 2010.[9]
As recounted in his 1988 book Touching the Void, the British climber Joe Simpson was subsequently to find the catchy tune of "Brown Girl in the Ring" haunting him in the final hours of his struggle to survive the descent of Siula Grande in the Andes, and the song was later used in the 2003 film of Touching the Void made by Kevin Macdonald. Simpson recalls: "I remember thinking, bloody hell, I'm going to die to Boney M".
A musical based on the music of Boney M., Daddy Cool, opened in London in August 2006 to mixed reviews and sluggish ticket sales, causing it to close in February 2007. From April to July 2007, the show played in a mobile theatre in Berlin, which was specially designed for it.
In April 2007, Australian pop singer Peter Wilson released a song co-written by Frank Farian entitled "Doin' Fine". It is described as "paying tribute to the sound of Boney M." and features the famous string arrangement from their first number 1 hit, "Daddy Cool".
Boney M. (featuring Marcia Barrett) made a live appearance at the 37th International Film Festival of India (IFFI), which took place on 23 November 2006 in Panaji, the state capital of Goa, India. The group is also popular in the Vietnamese diaspora,[citation needed] and was featured in Thuy Nga music productions.
In the UK, a new album of their greatest hits, entitled The Magic of Boney M. was released via BMG on 27 November 2006. Special additions to this release were a Mousse T. remix of "Sunny" and a brand new song from 2006, featuring Liz Mitchell, entitled "A Moment of Love".
On 10 April 2007, Boney M.'s first four albums were reissued on compact disc with bonus tracks, this time also in the United States (the first time these were available to the U.S. music market since their original releases in the 1970s).
In September 2007, Boney M.'s last four original albums, Boonoonoonoos, Ten Thousand Lightyears, Kalimba de Luna - 16 Happy Songs and Eye Dance were reissued on compact disc in Europe and the United States, all including bonus tracks. In November 2007, a new Christmas compilation was scheduled for release as well as the DVD Fantastic Boney M. – On Stage and on the Road featuring a live performance recorded in Vienna on 1 November 1977 (the DVD cover erroneously states it to be a live show from Hamburg), and a film from the band's 1981 visit to Jamaica (made to promote the Boonoonoonoos album that year).
Bobby Farrell's Boney M. performed a concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana, Israel in May 2007. On 28 June 2007 Boney M. featuring Matthew Felsenfeld and Liz Mitchell performed at the "Oktiabrsky" concert hall in St. Petersburg, Russia. In September 2007, Maizie Williams' Boney M. line-up performed live at the Royal Albert Hall, UK, to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS in Africa, performing her own renditions of "Brown Girl in the Ring" and "Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday".
The legal rights to the name "Boney M." have been a matter of controversy, and even court cases, between the former members of the band and producer Frank Farian ever since the late 1980s. Farian, the man who in effect created the group, has continued to work with Liz Mitchell and her line-up all through the 1990s and 2000s. In January 2007, Zanillya Farrell (daughter of Bobby Farrell) and Yasmina Ayad-Saban (ex-wife of Farrell) renewed the trademark to the name Boney M. in Germany for a 10-year period.
In November 2008, French disco star Amanda Lear recorded a version of "Doin' Fine" for her new studio album,[10] which she announced on French television is scheduled for release in spring 2009.
In January 2009 Frank Farian released a brand new single called Felicidad America (Obama Obama) under the name-check Boney M. feat. Sherita O. & Yulee B. featuring two new vocalists. The song is a remake of the 1980 Boney M. classic Felicidad (Margherita) with new vocals and re-written lyrics now referring to the new US president Barack Obama.
2010s[edit]
In July 2010, Maizie Williams headlined a Boney M. performance at Ramallah's Cultural Palace, in the West Bank, as part of the Palestine International Festival. The band played "Daddy Cool", "Ma Baker" and "Brown Girl in the Ring", but refrained from playing "Rivers of Babylon", rumored to be at the event organizers' request because of its description of the Jewish yearning for Zion.[11][12][13]
Bobby Farrell died at the age of 61 from heart failure on December 30th, 2010. His agent said Farrell was complaining of breathing problems after performing with his band the evening before.[14][15] Farrell lived in Amsterdam until his death. The singer was found dead in a hotel room in Saint Petersburg, Russia, where he had been performing.[16]
It was announced in February 2014 that Maizie Williams' line-up of Boney M. would be touring Australia in June.[17] They sang at Guilfest, Guildford, UK on 20 July, and Watchet Live music festival UK, on 24 August.[citation needed]
In March 2015, Farian released Diamonds, a 3CD box celebrating the 40th anniversary of Boney M. It contained remastered versions of the original hit singles or of previously unreleased versions, a remix disc and the new digital single Song of Joy featuring Liz Mitchell. A major DVD set was also released.
In February 2017, they performed at the closing ceremony of Patras Carnival in Patras, Greece.[18]
UK sales mark[edit]
In 1978, "Rivers of Babylon", a cover of a track by The Melodians with lyrics partly based on Psalm 137 and partly on Psalm 19,[19] became (at the time) the second highest-selling single of all time in the UK. After reaching No.1 for five weeks, "Rivers of Babylon" began dropping down the chart, at which point the B-side "Brown Girl in the Ring" was given extensive radio airplay, and the single climbed back up the chart to No. 2. The single spent six months in the UK Top 40, including 19 weeks in the Top 10. It eventually sold over two million copies, the second single to do so, and is still one of only 7 to achieve this feat. (see List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom)
The group achieved a second UK million-seller with their version of the calypso classic "Mary's Boy Child", released as a medley "Mary's Boy Child – Oh My Lord", which was previously a million-seller for Harry Belafonte. The single sold over 1.8 million copies, 1.6 million of which were in the four weeks the song was at No.1 in December 1978.
Boney M. are the only artists to appear twice in the top 11 best selling singles of all time in the UK, with "Rivers of Babylon" in 7th place and "Mary's Boy Child/Oh My Lord" at number 11. [20] They are also one of six artists to sell a million copies with two singles in the same year.
Back catalogue[edit]
Compared to other best-selling artists of the 1970s like ABBA, Donna Summer, and the Bee Gees, the Boney M. discography is quite unusual – while the greater part of the band's back catalogue has been remixed, remade, remodeled and reissued all through the 80s, 90s and 2000s by producer Frank Farian and record company BMG-Ariola (now Sony Music), most of the original 7" and 12" versions issued on vinyl in the 70s and early 80s remained unavailable on CD until 2008 and the release of the box set The Collection and the single CD compilation Rivers of Babylon (A Best of Collection).
Popularity outside the West[edit]
During the 2002 presidential election campaign of South Korea, then-candidate Roh Moo-hyun, who eventually won the presidency at that event, took Bahama Mama to promote his aim of positive political reform.[21]
The 2005 Chinese film Shanghai Dreams features a scene depicting a rural Chinese disco in 1983, with teenagers dancing to "Rivers of Babylon" and "Gotta Go Home".[citation needed]
In the 2008 Kazakh film Tulpan, the tractor driver Boni continually plays a cassette of Rivers of Babylon, an example of his fascination for all things Western.[citation needed]
In the 2008 Chinese film Cheung Gong 7 hou (English title: CJ7), "Sunny" is a vital part of the soundtrack.[citation needed]
Boney M was hugely popular in the Soviet Union in the 1970s, although the song "Rasputin" was banned by the Soviet authorities during the group's concert in Moscow in December 1978.[22] In the Soviet film Repentance (1987), "Sunny" is played at a party of high-ranked communist officials.[23] "Sunny" is played during a few parts of the successful Korean film of the same name Sunny (2011).[24] It is the theme song of the 2011 Taiwanese drama starring Rainie Yang and Wu Chun, Sunshine Angel.
Personnel[edit]
Original members[edit]
Liz Mitchell – lead and backing vocals (1976–1986, 1987–1989, 1989, 1992–1994, 2016–current)
Marcia Barrett – lead and backing vocals (1975–1986, 1987, 1988–1989)
Maizie Williams – dancer, live vocals (1975–1986, 1987–1989, 2012)
Bobby Farrell – dancer, rap, live vocals (1975–81, 1984–1986, 1987, 1988–1989; died 2010)
Reggie Tsiboe - lead and backing vocals (1982–1986, 1989)
Other members[edit]
* indicates members not included in any official Boney M recording or original line-up
Sheyla Bonnick (1975) *
Claudja Barry - lead and backing vocals (1975–1976) *
Nathalie - lead and backing vocals (1975) *
Marilyn Scharbaai (Carrilho) - lead and backing vocals (1987) *
Celena Duncan - lead and backing vocals (1987–1988) *
Curt De Daran - dancer, rap, live vocals (1987–1988, 1992–1994)
Madeleine Davis - lead and backing vocals (1989)
Sharon Stevens - lead and backing vocals (1989)
Patty Onoyewenjo - lead and backing vocals (1989)
Carol Grey - lead and backing vocals (1992–1994)
Bronwen Collins - Bassoon (1984–1994)
Patricia Lorna Foster - lead and backing vocals (1992-1994)
Tony Ashcroft - dancer, rap, live vocals (1994) *
Peter Jarrette - lead and backing vocals (2012)
Geoffrey Sung - dancer, rap, live vocals (2012)
Samantha Gareth - lead and backing vocals (2012)
Eileen Quintanilla - lead and backing vocals (2012)
Patricia Dick - lead and backing vocals (2016–current)
Yvonne Michèle - lead and backing vocals (2012–current)
Discography[edit]
Main article: Boney M. discography
Studio albums
Release date
Title
1976 Take the Heat off Me
1977 Love for Sale
1978 Nightflight to Venus
1979 Oceans of Fantasy
1981 Boonoonoonoos
1981 Christmas Album
1984 Ten Thousand Lightyears
1985 Eye Dance
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.t-online.de/unterhaltung/musik/id_14363678/wer-ist-die-erfolgreichste-deutsche-band-.html
Jump up ^ https://www.sohomen.de/life-taste/die-populaersten-deutschen-musiker-aller-zeiten-11306/
Jump up ^ Germany, SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg. "Starproduzent Frank Farian: "Deutschland sucht den Superstar - und findet ihn nicht" - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Kultur". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Boney M by John Shearlaw and David Brown, Hamlin Paperbacks, 1979 ISBN 0 600 20009 4-page 35-6
Jump up ^ "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Бони М* – Ночной Полет На Венеру (Vinyl, LP, Album) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Fantastic Boney M". Musiclange.dk. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Melo-M & Maizie Williams ar videoklipu „Daddy Cool" LMK TOP10 pirmajā vietā". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maizie Williams official website". Maiziewilliams.com. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
Jump up ^ "PROLIFIC MEDIA GROUP UK – Music & Design Studio ::: Music Production | Design | Creative Consultancy | A&R | Publishing". Prolificmedia.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
Jump up ^ "The Truth Herzl: Despair and Joy: 24 Hours Around Jerusalem". 14 September 2010. Archived from the original on 14 September 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ ""How Shall we Sing the Lord's Song in a Strange Land?" on Everywhere by Yuval Ben Ami". Yuvalbenami.blogspot.com. 21 July 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
Jump up ^ "The Associated Press: Boney M asked to skip hit in West Bank gig". 25 July 2010. Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bobby Farrell (61) overleden". NU.nl. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Boney M's Bobby Farrell has died, aged 61". RTÉ. 30 December 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
Jump up ^ ""Boney M singer Bobby Farrell dies aged 61", BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Enmore Theatre". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Boney M at Patras Carnival". The Greek Observer. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Psalm 137 in the Bible (King James)
Jump up ^ "Naughty Boy and Sam Smith smash 1 million UK sales with La La La". Official Charts Company. 10 June 2014.
Jump up ^ YouTube – Cheerful Political Reform(Korean), from the official media outlet of Roh Moo-hyun Archived 7 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Boney M – Russkaya Narodnaya Gruppa = Boney M – Russian Folk Group : documentary film (in Russian) // RTR. Moscow: Biz-Group, 2005.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boney M.
Official bookings site of Marcia Barrett's Boney M -Show.
Liz Mitchell "BONEY M." in Moscow 28.01.2013
Official website Sheyla Bonnick
[show]
v
t
e
Boney M.
Liz Mitchell
Marcia Barrett
Maizie Williams
Bobby Farrell
Reggie Tsiboe
Studio albums and
main compilations
(1976–1985)
Take the Heat off Me (1976)
Love for Sale (1977)
Nightflight to Venus (1978)
Oceans of Fantasy (1979)
The Magic of Boney M. - 20 Golden Hits (1980)
Children of Paradise - The Greatest Hits of Boney M. - Vol. 2 (1981)
Boonoonoonoos (1981)
Christmas Album (1981)
Ten Thousand Lightyears (1984)
Kalimba de Luna - 16 Happy Songs (1984)
Fantastic Boney M. (1984)
Christmas with Boney M. (1984)
Eye Dance (1985)
Main compilations
and remix albums
(1986–present)
The Best of 10 Years - 32 Superhits (1986)
The 20 Greatest Christmas Songs (1986)
Greatest Hits of All Times - Remix '88 (1988)
Ma Baker (1989)
Greatest Hits of All Times - Remix '89 - Volume II (1989)
The Collection (1991)
Daddy Cool - Star Collection (1991)
The Most Beautiful Christmas Songs of the World (1992)
Gold - 20 Super Hits (1992)
The Greatest Hits (1993)
More Gold - 20 Super Hits Vol. II (1993)
Hit Collection (1996)
Best in Spain (1996)
The Best of Boney M. (1997)
Norske Hits (1998)
Ultimate (1999)
20th Century Hits (1999)
25 Jaar Na Daddy Cool (2000)
The Complete Collection (2000)
Their Most Beautiful Ballads (2000)
The Greatest Hits (2001)
The Magic of Boney M. (2006)
Hit Collection (2007)
Christmas With Boney M. (2007)
The Collection (2008)
Rivers of Babylon (A Best of Collection) (2008)
Ultimate Boney M. - Long Versions & Rarities, Volume 1 (2008)
Christmas Time (2008)
The Complete Boney M. (2008)
In the Mix (2008)
The Magic of Boney M. - The Danish Collection (2008)
Ultimate Boney M. - Long Versions & Rarities, Volume 2 (2009)
Let It All Be Music - The Party Album (2009)
Ultimate Boney M. - Long Versions & Rarities, Volume 3 (2009)
Main single
discography
"Baby Do You Wanna Bump" (1975)
"Daddy Cool" (1976)
"Sunny" (1976)
"Ma Baker" (1977)
"Belfast" (1977)
"Rivers of Babylon"/"Brown Girl in the Ring" (1978)
"Rasputin" (1978)
"Mary's Boy Child – Oh My Lord" (1978)
"Painter Man" (1979)
"Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday" (1979)
"El Lute"/"Gotta Go Home" (1979)
"I'm Born Again"/"Bahama Mama" (1979)
"I See a Boat on the River"/"My Friend Jack" (1980)
"Children of Paradise"/"Gadda-Da-Vida" (1980)
"Felicidad (Margherita)" (1980)
"Malaika"/"Consuela Biaz" (1981)
"We Kill the World"/"Boonoonoonoos" (1981)
"The Little Drummer Boy"/"6 Years of Boney M. Hits" (1981)
"The Carnival Is Over"/"Going Back West" (1982)
"Zion's Daughter" (1982)
"Jambo - Hakuna Matata (No Problems)" (1983)
"Somewhere in the World" (1984)
"Kalimba de Luna" (1984)
"Happy Song" (1984)
"My Cherie Amour" (1985)
"Young, Free and Single" (1985)
"Daddy Cool (Anniversary Recording '86)" (1986)
"Bang Bang Lulu" (1986)
"Rivers of Babylon (Remix)"/"Mary's Boy Child – Oh My Lord (Remix)" (1988)
"Megamix" (1988)
"The Summer Mega Mix" (1989)
"Malaika (Lambada Remix)" (1989)
"Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker" (1989)
"Stories" (1990)
"Christmas Mega Mix" (1992)
"Megamix" (1992)
"Brown Girl in the Ring (Remix)" (1993)
"Ma Baker (Remix)" (1993)
"Papa Chico" (1994)
"Somebody Scream - Ma Baker" (1998)
"Daddy Cool '99" (1999)
"Hooray! Hooray! (Caribbean Night Fever)" (1999)
"Sunny (Remix)" (2000)
"Daddy Cool 2001" (2001)
"Sunny (Mousse T. Remix)" (2006)
"Felicidad America (Obama-Obama)" (2009)
Book
[show]
v
t
e
Best-selling singles by year in the United Kingdom
1952–1969
1952: "Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart" – Vera Lynn (UK)
1953: "I Believe" – Frankie Laine
1954: "Secret Love" – Doris Day
1955: "Rose Marie" – Slim Whitman
1956: "I'll Be Home" – Pat Boone
1957: "Diana" – Paul Anka
1958: "Jailhouse Rock" – Elvis Presley
1959: "Living Doll" – Cliff Richard (UK)
1960: "It's Now or Never" – Elvis Presley
1961: "Wooden Heart" – Elvis Presley
1962: "I Remember You" – Frank Ifield (UK)
1963: "She Loves You" – The Beatles (UK)
1964: "Can't Buy Me Love" – The Beatles (UK)
1965: "Tears" – Ken Dodd (UK)
1966: "Green, Green Grass of Home" – Tom Jones (UK)
1967: "Release Me" – Engelbert Humperdinck (UK)
1968: "Hey Jude" – The Beatles (UK)
1969: "Sugar, Sugar" – The Archies
1970–1989
1970: "The Wonder of You" – Elvis Presley
1971: "My Sweet Lord" – George Harrison (UK)
1972: "Amazing Grace" – The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Band (UK)
1973: "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" – Tony Orlando and Dawn
1974: "Tiger Feet" – Mud (UK)
1975: "Bye Bye Baby" – Bay City Rollers (UK)
1976: "Save Your Kisses for Me" – Brotherhood of Man (UK)
1977: "Mull of Kintyre" / "Girls' School" – Wings (UK)
1978: "Rivers of Babylon" / "Brown Girl in the Ring" – Boney M.
1979: "Bright Eyes" – Art Garfunkel
1980: "Don't Stand So Close to Me" – The Police (UK)
1981: "Don't You Want Me" – The Human League (UK)
1982: "Come On Eileen" – Dexys Midnight Runners (UK)
1983: "Karma Chameleon" – Culture Club (UK)
1984: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" – Band Aid (UK)
1985: "The Power of Love" – Jennifer Rush
1986: "Don't Leave Me This Way" – The Communards (UK)
1987: "Never Gonna Give You Up" – Rick Astley (UK)
1988: "Mistletoe and Wine" – Cliff Richard (UK)
1989: "Ride on Time" – Black Box
1990–2009
1990: "Unchained Melody" – The Righteous Brothers
1991: "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" – Bryan Adams
1992: "I Will Always Love You" – Whitney Houston
1993: "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" – Meat Loaf
1994: "Love Is All Around" – Wet Wet Wet (UK)
1995: "Unchained Melody" – Robson & Jerome (UK)
1996: "Killing Me Softly" – Fugees
1997: "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" / "Candle in the Wind 1997" – Elton John (UK)
1998: "Believe" – Cher
1999: "...Baby One More Time" – Britney Spears
2000: "Can We Fix It?" – Bob the Builder (UK)
2001: "It Wasn't Me" – Shaggy featuring Rikrok (UK)
2002: "Anything Is Possible" / "Evergreen" – Will Young (UK)
2003: "Where Is the Love?" – The Black Eyed Peas
2004: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" – Band Aid 20 (UK)
2005: "Is This the Way to Amarillo" – Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay (UK)
2006: "Crazy" – Gnarls Barkley
2007: "Bleeding Love" – Leona Lewis (UK)
2008: "Hallelujah" – Alexandra Burke (UK)
2009: "Poker Face" – Lady Gaga
2010–present
2010: "Love the Way You Lie" – Eminem featuring Rihanna
2011: "Someone Like You" – Adele (UK)
2012: "Somebody That I Used to Know" – Gotye featuring Kimbra
2013: "Blurred Lines" – Robin Thicke featuring T.I. & Pharrell Williams
2014: "Happy" – Pharrell Williams
2015: "Uptown Funk" – Mark Ronson (UK) featuring Bruno Mars
2016: "One Dance" – Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla (UK)
2017: "Shape of You" - Ed Sheeran (UK)
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VIAF: 131077168
LCCN: n91051581
ISNI: 0000 0001 0941 4291
GND: 5329927-9
SUDOC: 166285129
BNF: cb13902064v (data)
MusicBrainz: 5403bf6e-bc1d-4e62-b31f-926a2bf66a14
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boney_M.&oldid=820516998"
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World's largest palace
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The title of the "world's largest palace" is difficult to award, and controversial, as different countries use different standards to claim that their palace is the largest in the world.
Contents
[hide]
1 Palaces considered the largest
2 Faux palaces
3 Converted palaces
4 Uninhabited palaces
5 Guinness World Record
6 Largest former palace complexes
7 Comparison of world's large palaces
8 References
Palaces considered the largest[edit]
The title of "world's largest palace by area enclosed within the palace's fortified walls" is held by China's Summer Palace complex in Beijing, which covers an area of 720,000 square meters (178 acres). The 980 buildings of the Forbidden City have a combined floor space of 1,614,600 square feet (150,001 m2) and contain roughly 9,000 rooms.
The "world's largest palace by floor space" is the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania, which was built by communist dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1986.[1] It is also the most expensive administrative building and heaviest building.[1] The "world's largest royal palace by floor space" is the Royal Palace of Madrid in Spain, with 135,000 square metres (1,450,000 sq ft) of floorspace and containing 3,418 rooms.[2][3]
The "world's largest palace by volume" is the Royal Palace of Caserta in Caserta, Italy, with more than 2 million cubic meters (70 million cubic feet).[4]
The title of "world's largest royal domain," as measured by the total area of the property, goes to the Palace of Versailles in France. Versailles's grounds cover 87,728,720 square feet (8,150,265 m2), or 2,014 acres, including 230 acres of gardens. The palace itself contains 679,783 square feet (63,154 m2) of floorspace.[5]
The Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, with 1000 rooms on 13 levels, and over 130,000 square meters of floor space,[6] is one of the largest palaces in the world by floor area. It was the winter residence of the Dalai Lama until 1959. (Many sources, e.g.[7] give the area as 360,000 square meters.)
In the castle category, Prague Castle claims to be world's largest. However, despite the singular name, Prague Castle is not a single building. Like the Forbidden City, it comprises a number of palaces, temples, and halls (constructed over several centuries) that share a common defensive wall. Altogether, the complex covers 18 acres, leading to the self-appointed title of "Largest coherent castle complex in the world."[8]
Faux palaces[edit]
While many buildings carry the title of "palace," they either are no longer, or were never intended to be, used as a royal residence, a sovereign residence or a bishop residence.
Romania's Palace of the Parliament contains 3,552,120 square feet (330,003 m2) of floorspace,[9] it was never a royal residence, as Romania's last monarch abdicated in 1947, but it was the palace intended to be used by the sovereign Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's supreme ruler and dictator.
England's Palace of Westminster was built in the Middle Ages as a royal residence. It served as the principal residence of the monarch until 1522, when Henry VIII moved his court to the newly acquired Palace of Whitehall.[10] Since that time, the palace at Westminster has been used by the House of Lords, the House of Commons and various courts. The majority of the medieval palace was destroyed by fire in 1834, with construction of the current building starting in 1840. The palace which now stands on the site was designed specifically for parliamentary use, however it is the property of the monarch in right of the Crown and retains its status as a royal residence. Very little of the medieval palace survived, but the most significant is Westminster Hall, built in 1097 during the reign of William II.
Converted palaces[edit]
Several palaces are former royal residences that reached their current grand sizes after they ceased being used as royal residences, and were converted to some other purpose.
The best example of such subsequent expansion is the Louvre Palace. As a royal residence, the Louvre Palace was much smaller than the modern day Louvre Museum. The Louvre Palace was abandoned as a royal residence in 1682, when Louis XIV moved his court to the Palace of Versailles. The Louvre Palace was relegated to the role of displaying royal collections and hosting administrative services, and over the centuries it went through several renovations, expansions and additions, including a significant one as an Imperial Palace during the second French Empire in the 19th century. It only reached its current size of 2,260,421 square feet (210,000 m2) in 1988, as the modern Louvre Museum.[11]
Russia's Winter Palace and its annexes were not expanded after the Revolution, but the State Hermitage Museum also occupies other buildings which add to the size of the museum, but not to the palace. The Winter Palace contained 645,835 square feet (60,000 m2) of floorspace as a royal residence. However, the modern Hermitage Museum complex, centered on the Winter Palace, contains 1,978,622 square feet (183,820 m2) of floorspace.[12] This includes the Small and the Old Hermitage buildings that were annexes to the main palace, which were used by the Imperial Court and are part of the palace complex. The same is true of the New Hermitage, that was used as a museum for the Imperial collections ever since it was built. All three Hermitages and the Hermitage Theatre can therefore be considered both independent buildings and wings of the Winter Palace. Despite a size which overshadows most other great palaces in Europe, the Winter Palace does not contain as much floorspace, because most of the State apartments in the north and east wings are two floors high.
Uninhabited palaces[edit]
With 1,453,122 square feet (134,999 m2) of floorspace,[13] the Royal Palace of Madrid is often considered the largest functioning palace in Europe [3], as it is still used for state functions. Although Spanish monarchs once occupied it, the current King of Spain does not, instead living at the much smaller Palace of Zarzuela.
Although notably smaller than several other palaces throughout the world, with only 658,858 square feet (61,210 m2) of floorspace, the Royal Palace of Stockholm also claims to be "the largest palace in the world still used for its original purpose." Yet, like the Royal Palace of Madrid, it is not currently occupied, with Swedish monarchs instead occupying Drottningholm Palace.
Guinness World Record[edit]
While numerous claimants under the various measurements can be recognized, to be considered for the Guinness World Record the palace must have once been intended for use as a royal residence. This is controversial as the definition of a palace is the official residence of a sovereign, chief of state (as a monarch or a president), archbishop, bishop.[14] Furthermore, only the combined area of all floors in the palace (a measurement commonly known as floorspace) is considered.
According to the Guinness World Records, the Imperial Palace in Beijing, China is the "largest palace in the world".[15] The Istana Nurul Iman, with 2,152,782 square feet (200,000 m2) of floorspace,[16] holds the title as the "world's largest residential palace".[17]
Largest former palace complexes[edit]
Roman Villa Neuchâtel, Switzerland
In ancient times palace buildings could be as large or even larger than existing palace buildings. One example is the palace of Knossos on Greek island Crete. This palace, which started construction in 2000 BC, reached its biggest size in 1500 BC with a size of 20,000 square meters (215,278.208 square feet) and 1,300 rooms.[18]
The Roman emperor Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, Italy was a complex of over 30 buildings build between 118 and the 130s AD, covering an area of at least 250 acres (1 mio square meters, or 10,763,910 square feet) of which much is still unexcavated. The villa was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape. The complex included palaces, several thermae, theatre, temples, libraries, state rooms, and quarters for courtiers, praetorians, and slaves.[19][20][21]
When Roman emperor Nero's "Golden House" (Domus Aurea) was built after the great fire of AD 64, the buildings covered up to 300 acres (1,214,056 square meters, or 13,067,990 square feet). The main villa of the complex had more than 300 rooms.[22][23]
Comparison of world's large palaces[edit]
Rank
Name
Country
Place
Floor Area
Notes
Source
Image
1
Palace of the Parliament Romania Bucharest 330,000 square metres (3,552,090 sq ft) The Palace of the Parliament is the world's largest administrative building (for civilian use; The Pentagon in the United States is larger). It measures 270 m by 240 m, 86 m high, and 92 m under ground. It has 1,100 rooms and is 12 stories tall, with additional 8 underground levels.[24] But an originally palace had never more then 4 stories with additional roof over ground and one underground, every storie had a funtcion for officials, privat, upstairs , downstairs etc. The palace was intended to be used by the sovereign Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's supreme ruler and dictator. Colossal parliament building known for its ornate interior, it is now housing the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, three museums and an international conference center. The National Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Totalitarianism and Socialist Realism and the Museum of the Palace are hosted inside the palace.[25] [24][25]
2
Hofburg Palace Austria Vienna 240,000 square metres (2,583,339 sq ft) Former imperial palace in the centre of Vienna. Part of the palace forms the official residence and workplace of the President of Austria. Built in the 13th century and expanded in the centuries since, the palace has housed some of the most powerful people in European and Austrian history, including monarchs of the Habsburg dynasty, rulers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was the principal imperial winter residence. The palace has 2600 rooms. [26][27]
3
Louvre Palace France Paris 210,000 square metres (2,260,421 sq ft) Royal residence of the kings of France for 300 years, the modern day Louvre Museum exhibitions occupy 60,600 square metres (652,293 sq ft). The entire palace complex occupies 40 hectares (4,305,564 sq ft) (400 000 square meters). [28]
4
Ak Saray Turkey Ankara 200,020 square metres (2,152,997 sq ft) The official presidential palace of the Republic of Turkey since 2014. [29][30]
5
Istana Nurul Iman Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 200,000 square metres (2,152,782 sq ft) Official residence of the Sultan of Brunei. The largest functioning royal palace in the world. [16]
6
Apostolic Palace Vatican City Vatican City 162,000 square metres (1,743,753 sq ft) Current Papal Palace and Vatican Museums in Rome. [31]
7
Forbidden City China Beiping 150,000 square metres (1,614,587 sq ft) With an enclosed area of 720,000 square meters (178 acres), it is the world's largest palace complex. [32]
8
Malbork Castle Poland Malbork 143,000 square metres (1,539,239 sq ft) Located in Poland, Malbork Castle is the largest castle in the world. The castle was founded in 1274 by the Teutonic Knights who used it as their headquarters to help defeat Polish enemies and rule their own northern Baltic territories. The castle was expanded several time to host the growing number of Knights until their retreat to Königsburg in 1466. [33]
9
Royal Palace of Madrid Spain Madrid 135,000 square metres (1,453,128 sq ft) The largest functioning palace in Europe. [13]
10
Quirinal Palace Italy Rome 110,500 square metres (1,189,412 sq ft) Ancient Pope's palace and current presidential palace of the President of the Italian Republic. The presidential residence also has a garden with an area of 430,556,417 square feet (40.000 square metres or 4 hectares). [34][35]
11
Falaknuma Palace India Hyderabad 93,971 square metres (1,011,495 sq ft) Built in the year 1889 in Hyderabad, India it was owned by the Nizams, the rulers of the princely state of Hyderabad, until 1950.
12
Buckingham Palace United Kingdom London 77,000 square metres (828,821 sq ft) A royal residence since George III bought Buckingham House in 1761 for his wife Queen Charlotte and has been the official London residence of the UK’s sovereign since Queen Victoria took up residence in July 1837. The palace contains 775 rooms and has a garden 40 acres in size. [36][37]
13
Prague Castle Czech Republic Prague 70,000 square metres (753,474 sq ft) Seat of power for kings of Bohemia, Holy Roman emperors, presidents of Czechoslovakia and currently presidents of the Czech Republic. Dating back to the 9th century and at about 570 meters in length and an average of about 130 meters wide, the Guinness Book of Records lists Prague Castle as the largest ancient castle in the world. [38]
14
Rashtrapati Bhavan India Delhi 70,000 square metres (753,474 sq ft) The official presidential palace of the Republic of India. [39]
15
Topkapi Palace Turkey Istanbul 70,000 square metres (753,474 sq ft) Primary residence of the Ottoman Dynasty for approximately 400 years. The entire palace complex including grounds occupies 700,000 square metres. [40][41]
16
Palace of Versailles France Versailles 63,154 square metres (679,784 sq ft) World's largest royal domain with 87,728,720 square feet (8,150,265 m2) or 2,014 acres of palace grounds. [42]
17
Royal Palace of Stockholm Sweden Stockholm 61,210 square metres (658,859 sq ft) Controversially claims to be world's largest palace still used for its original purpose, despite its smaller floor area.
18
Palace of Caserta Italy Caserta 61,000 square metres (656,599 sq ft) Royal Palace of House of Bourbon. It is the largest royal palace of the World by volume, with 2 millions cubic meters. [43]
19
Winter Palace Russia Saint Petersburg 60,000 square metres (645,835 sq ft) Currently part of 1,978,622 square feet (183,820 m2) Hermitage Museum. [12]
20
Mannheim Palace Germany Mannheim 60,000 square metres (645,835 sq ft) Mannheimer Residenz is the main palace of the Prince-electors of the Electorate of the Palatinate of the House of Wittelsbach. The 6 hectare (60,000 square meter) castle is one of Europe's largest palaces and the second largest baroque palace (after Versailles).
21
Windsor Castle United Kingdom Windsor 54,835 square metres (590,239 sq ft) Castle which dates back to around 1070 and has 5455 acres of royal parkland. Many famous people associated with British Royalty are buried in St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle including Henry VIII.
It is also the World's largest and oldest inhabited castle.
[33]
22
Christiansborg Palace Denmark Copenhagen 51,660 square metres (556,064 sq ft) The seat of the Danish Parliament, the Prime Minister's Office and the Supreme Court. Also, several parts of the palace are used by the monarchy, including the Royal Reception Rooms, the Palace Chapel and the Royal Stables. Christiansborg Palace has a more than 800 year-long history as the state's centre of power as royal palace and parliament.[44][45] [46]
23
Hampton Court Palace United Kingdom Richmond upon Thames 47,330 square metres (509,456 sq ft) Palace dating back to 1515 containing 1000 rooms and grounds comprising 60 acres of formal gardens and 750 acres of royal parkland. [47][48]
24
Grand Serail Lebanon Beirut 39,970 square metres (430,233 sq ft) Headquarters of the Prime Minister of Lebanon
25
Mafra National Palace Portugal Mafra 39,948 square metres (429,997 sq ft) The Mafra National Palace is a monumental Baroque and Italianized Neoclassical palace-monastery located in Mafra, Portugal.
26
Royal Palace of Brussels Belgium Brussels 33,027 square metres (355,500 sq ft) Palace in Brussels dating back to 1783. The Royal Palace of Brussels is the official palace of the Sovereign of Belgium, However it is not used as a royal residence, as the king and his family live in the Royal Castle of Laeken on the outskirts of Brussels. [49]
27
Palazzo Pitti Italy Florence 32,000 square metres (344,445 sq ft) Renaissance, palace, the core of the present palazzo dates from 1458. The palace was bought by the Medici family in 1549 and became the chief residence of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. In the late 18th century, the palazzo was used as a power base by Napoleon, and later served for a brief period as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy. The complex also includes the Boboli Gardens (320,000 square meters). [50]
28
Frederiksborg Palace Denmark Hillerød 31,290 square metres (336,803 sq ft) It was built as a royal residence for King Christian IV and is now a museum of national history. The current edifice replaced a previous castle erected by Frederick II and is the largest Renaissance palace in Scandinavia. The entire palace complex including grounds occupies 95 hektar (950,000 square metres).[51] [52]
29
Schoenbrunn Palace Austria Vienna 31,056 square metres (334,284 sq ft) Baroque Palace dating back to the 1740s. The grounds of Schönbrunn, a World Heritage Site, cover 160 hectares. [53][54]
30
El Escorial Spain San Lorenzo de El Escorial 30,658 square metres (330,000 sq ft) Monastery of the Order of Saint Augustine, Royal Palace and Royal Pantheon. [55]
31
Kronborg Denmark Helsingør 28,724 square metres (309,183 sq ft) Immortalized as Elsinore in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Kronborg is one of the most important Renaissance castles in Northern Europe and has been added to UNESCO's World Heritage Sites list (2000).[56][57] [58]
32
Amalienborg Denmark Copenhagen 26,500 square metres (285,244 sq ft) Home of the Danish royal family, It consists of four identical classical palace façades with rococo interiors around an octagonal courtyard, in the centre of the square is a monumental equestrian statue of Amalienborg's founder, King Frederick V.[59] [60]
33
Grand Kremlin Palace Russia Moscow 24,100 square metres (259,410 sq ft) It includes the earlier Terem Palace, nine churches from the 14th, 16th, and 17th centuries, the Holy Vestibule, and over 700 rooms. [61]
34
Munich Residenz Germany Munich 23,000 square metres (247,570 sq ft) The Residenz, with its 130 rooms and ten courtyards, is the former royal palace of the Wittelsbach monarchs of Bavaria and the largest city palace in Germany. The three main parts are the Königsbau, the Alte Residenz and the Festsaalbau. A wing of the Festsaalbau also contains the Cuvilliés Theatre and the Herkulessaal (Hercules Hall). Also included in The Residenz is the Byzantine Court Church of All Saints (Allerheiligen-Hofkirche) and the Marstall, the building for the former Court Riding School and the royal stables. [62]
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values: Lista dos maiores palácios do mundo – Portuguese

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