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Grammy Award records
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Throughout the history of the Grammy Awards, many significant records have been set. This page only includes the competitive awards which have been won by various artists. This does not include the various special awards that are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences such as Lifetime Achievement Awards, Trustees Awards, Technical Awards or Legend Awards. The page however does include other non-performance related Grammys (known as the Craft & Production Fields) that may have been presented to the artist(s).
Contents
[hide]
1 Awards
1.1 Most Grammys won
1.2 Most Grammys won by a male artist
1.3 Most Grammys won by a female artist
1.4 Most Grammys won by a group
1.5 Most Grammys won by a producer
1.6 Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer
1.7 Youngest winners
1.8 Youngest artists to win Album of the Year
1.9 Oldest winners
1.10 Most honored albums
1.11 Most Album of the Year wins
1.12 Most Record of the Year wins
1.13 Most Grammys won for consecutive albums
1.14 Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category
1.15 Artists who have won all four General Field awards
2 Single ceremony
2.1 Most Grammys won in one night
2.2 Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night
2.3 Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night
2.4 Most Grammys won by a group in one night
2.5 Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night
2.6 Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night
2.7 Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony
2.8 Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night
2.9 Most Grammys won by an album in one night
2.10 Most posthumous Grammys won in one night
3 Nominations
3.1 Most Grammy nominations
3.2 Most nominations in one night
3.3 Most nominations without winning
3.4 Most nominations in one night without winning
3.5 Grammy nominations in the most fields
3.6 Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night
3.7 Youngest nominees
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Awards[edit]
Most Grammys won[edit]
The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Sir Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]
Rank
Artist
Awards
1 Georg Solti 31
2 Quincy Jones 27
Alison Krauss
4 Pierre Boulez 26
5 Vladimir Horowitz 25
Stevie Wonder
7 John Williams 24
8 U2 22
Chick Corea
Beyoncé
11 Jay-Z 21
Kanye West
Vince Gill
14 Henry Mancini 20
Pat Metheny
Bruce Springsteen
Al Schmitt
Most Grammys won by a male artist[edit]
Georg Solti has won a total of 31 Grammy Awards.
Rank
Artist
Awards
1 Georg Solti 31
2 Quincy Jones 27
3 Pierre Boulez 26
4 Vladimir Horowitz 25
Stevie Wonder
6 John Williams 24
7 Chick Corea 22
8 Kanye West 21
Vince Gill
Jay Z
11 Henry Mancini 20
Pat Metheny
Al Schmitt
Bruce Springsteen
15 Tony Bennett 18
Jimmy Sturr
Yo-Yo Ma
Paul McCartney
Most Grammys won by a female artist[edit]
Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards.[3]
Rank
Artist
Awards
1 Alison Krauss[note 1] 27
2 Beyoncé[note 2] 22
3 Aretha Franklin 18
4 Adele 15
Alicia Keys
6 Ella Fitzgerald 13
Leontyne Price
Emmylou Harris
9 CeCe Winans 12
10 Shirley Caesar 11
11 Chaka Khan 10
Bonnie Raitt
Linda Ronstadt
Taylor Swift
15 Mary J. Blige 9
Natalie Cole
Sheryl Crow
Norah Jones
Rihanna
Hillary Scott[note 3]
Most Grammys won by a group[edit]
U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards.
Rank
Artists
Awards
1 U2 22
2 Alison Krauss and Union Station 14
3 Dixie Chicks 13
4 Foo Fighters 12
5 Pat Metheny Group 10
6 The Manhattan Transfer 9
The Beatles
Emerson String Quartet
Asleep At The Wheel
10 Blackwood Brothers 8
Metallica
Santana
Take 6
14 Coldplay 7
Kentucky Thunder
Lady Antebellum
Simon & Garfunkel
Los Tigres del Norte
Most Grammys won by a producer[edit]
Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were awarded for production duties. Jones also received Grammys as an arranger and a performing artist). Some producers have also won awards as engineers, mixers and/or mastering engineers.
Rank
Producer
Awards
1 Quincy Jones 27
2 Kanye West 21
3 David Foster 16
James Mallinson
David Frost
6 Steven Epstein 15
7 Phil Ramone 14
8 T Bone Burnett 13
Robert Woods
Jay David Saks
11 Arif Mardin 11
Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer[edit]
Al Schmitt, with 20 awards, has won more Grammy Awards than any other engineer or mixer.
Youngest winners[edit]
The Peasall Sisters are the youngest Grammy winners, when they were credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, which won Album of the Year in 2002.[4] LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997. She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.
Rank
Age
Artist
1 7 years Leah Peasall
2 9 years Hannah Peasall
3 13 years Sarah Peasall
4 14 years, 182 days LeAnn Rimes
5 14 years, 313 days Luis Miguel
6 17 years, 81 days Lorde
7 18 years, 105 days Daya
8 18 years, 123 days Monica
9 19 years, 67 days Christina Aguilera
10 19 years, 112 days LaTavia Roberson
Youngest artists to win Album of the Year[edit]
Taylor Swift is the youngest artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album Fearless.
Rank
Age
Artist
1 20 years, 49 days Taylor Swift
2 21 years, 242 days Alanis Morissette
3 22 years, 18 days Barbra Streisand
4 23 years, 274 days Lauryn Hill
5 23 years, 283 days Adele
6 23 years, 293 days Stevie Wonder
7 23 years, 330 days Norah Jones
Oldest winners[edit]
Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for Joined At The Hip at 97 years of age.
Rank
Age
Artist
1 97 years, 221 days Pinetop Perkins
2 95 years, 31 days George Burns
3 91 years, 137 days Jimmy Carter
4 90 years, 52 days Elizabeth Cotten
5 90 years, 26 days Betty White
Note: Sources vary on the birth year of Elizabeth Cotten, with some stating it as 1893, while others say 1895. The above information credits it as 1895. With either year, Cotten is the oldest female Grammy winner.
Most honored albums[edit]
Santana's Supernatural and U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb hold the record for most honoured album having won nine awards. Supernatural won nine awards in 2000 and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb won three awards in 2005 and won a further six in 2006 giving it a total of nine awards.
Rank
Albums and artists
Awards
1 How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb — U2 9
Supernatural — Santana
3 Come Away With Me — Norah Jones 8
Genius Loves Company — Ray Charles
Thriller — Michael Jackson
6 All That You Can't Leave Behind — U2 7
Back on the Block — Quincy Jones
21 — Adele
9 24K Magic — Bruno Mars 6
Back To Black — Amy Winehouse
The Blueprint 3 — Jay Z
Bridge Over Troubled Water — Simon & Garfunkel
Raising Sand — Robert Plant & Alison Krauss
The Return of Roger Miller — Roger Miller
Taking the Long Way — Dixie Chicks
To Pimp a Butterfly — Kendrick Lamar
Toto IV — Toto
Unforgettable... with Love — Natalie Cole
Unplugged — Eric Clapton
Most Album of the Year wins[edit]
The record for most Album of the Year wins is four.
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)
Three recording artists, four record producers, two mastering engineers and three engineer/mixers have won the award three times.
Frank Sinatra, artist — Come Dance with Me! (1960), September of My Years (1966), A Man and His Music (1967)
Stevie Wonder, artist — Innervisions (1974), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1975), Songs in the Key of Life (1977)
Paul Simon, artist — Bridge over Troubled Water (1971), Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), Graceland (1987)
David Foster, producer — Unforgettable… with Love (1992), The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album (1994), Falling into You (1997)
Phil Ramone, producer — Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), 52nd Street (1980), Genius Loves Company (2005)
Daniel Lanois, producer — The Joshua Tree (1988), Time Out of Mind (1998), How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2006)
Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer — Babel (2013), Random Access Memories (2014), Morning Phase (2015)
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer — 21 (2012), Morning Phase (2015), 25 (2017)
Ryan Tedder, producer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)
Serban Ghenea, engineer/mixer — 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)
John Hanes, engineer/mixer — 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)
Most Record of the Year wins[edit]
Tom Coyne won Record of the Year four consecutive times as a mastering engineer.
Most Grammys won for consecutive albums[edit]
Pat Metheny and his band the Pat Metheny Group have won 20 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums.[5] Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:
Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000, 2013)
Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Best New Age Album (2004, 2012)
Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category[edit]
Aretha Franklin holds the record for winning the most consecutive Grammys in the same category. She won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance every year from 1968 to 1975, for an eight-year winning streak. She also won in this category in 1982, 1986, and 1988, giving her 11 wins in the category.
After Franklin, Jimmy Sturr, Bill Cosby and John Williams are tied for second place for consecutive Grammy wins in the same category:
Sturr won six years in a row between 1987 and 1992 for Best Polka Album. He also won for three runs of four consecutive years (1996–1999, 2001–2004, and 2006–2009.) He won 18 out of the 24 Best Polka Album Grammys that were awarded since that category was added in 1985. The award was discontinued in 2009.
Cosby won six years in a row between 1965 and 1970 for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.
Williams won six years in a row between 1978 and 1983 for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.
Lenny Kravitz won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance award four years in a row (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).
Tom Coyne won Record of the Year four years in a row (2015–2018).
Artists who have won all four General Field awards[edit]
There have been only two artists who have won all four General Field awards. In 1981, Christopher Cross won Record, Album and Song of the Year as well as Best New Artist.[6] Adele is the second artist to win all four, and the first female to do so. In 2009, she won Best New Artist and in 2012 and 2017, she won Record, Album and Song of the Year.
Single ceremony[edit]
Most Grammys won in one night[edit]
The Record for Most Grammys won in one night is eight. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000.[7]

Rank
Artist(s)
Awards
1 Michael Jackson (1984) 8
Santana (2000)
3 Roger Miller (1966) 6
Paul Simon (1971)
Quincy Jones (1991)
Eric Clapton (1993)
Beyoncé (2010)
Adele (2012)
Bruno Mars (2018)
Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night[edit]
Michael Jackson won eight in 1984.
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards
1 Michael Jackson (1984) 8
2 Roger Miller (1966) 6
Paul Simon (1971)
Quincy Jones (1991)
Eric Clapton (1993)
Bruno Mars (2018)
Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night[edit]
The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively.
Rank
Artist
Awards
1 Beyoncé (2010) 6
Adele (2012)
3 Lauryn Hill (1999) 5
Alicia Keys (2002)
Norah Jones (2003)
Beyoncé (2004)
Amy Winehouse (2008)
Alison Krauss (2009)
Adele (2017)
Most Grammys won by a group in one night[edit]
In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.
Rank
Artists
Awards
1 Santana (2000) 8
2 Simon & Garfunkel (1971) 5
U2 (2006)
Dixie Chicks (2007)
Lady Antebellum (2011)
Foo Fighters (2012)
Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night[edit]
The record for most awards won by a producer in one night is five. Rick Rubin won five awards in 2007 including Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks, Best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as Producer of the Year, Non Classical.
Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night[edit]
The most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night is six. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, Tom Elmhirst won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Engineered Album Non Classical, Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Album for his work on Adele's '25', David Bowie's 'Blackstar' and Cage The Elephant's 'Tell Me I'm Pretty'.
Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony[edit]
Christopher Cross (1981) received all four General Field awards in one night. Cross won the Record of the Year ("Sailing"), Album of the Year ("Christopher Cross"), Song of the Year ("Sailing"), and Best New Artist Grammys in a single ceremony.[8]
Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night[edit]
The three biggest Grammy Awards are Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Song of the Year. Seven artists have won all three in one night. Adele is the only artist in Grammy history to accomplish this twice.
Year
Artist
1971 Paul Simon
1972 Carole King
1981 Christopher Cross
1993 Eric Clapton
2007 Dixie Chicks
2012 Adele
2017
2018 Bruno Mars
Most Grammys won by an album in one night[edit]
The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's Supernatural was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.
Most posthumous Grammys won in one night[edit]
Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album of the Year.
Nominations[edit]
Most Grammy nominations[edit]
Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79.[9][10]
Rank
Artist
Nominations
1 Quincy Jones 79
2 Paul McCartney[note 4] 78
3 Georg Solti 74
Stevie Wonder
Jay Z
6 Henry Mancini 72
7 Kanye West 68
8 Pierre Boulez 67
John Williams
10 Chick Corea 64
11 Leonard Bernstein 63
Beyoncé[note 5]
13 Jay David Saks 53
14 Thomas Z. Shepard 50
Bruce Springsteen
16 Willie Nelson 49
James Mallinson
Babyface
Most nominations in one night[edit]
Michael Jackson holds the record for most Grammy nominations in one night with 12 nominations.
Rank
Artist
Nominations
Year
1 Michael Jackson 12 1984
2 Kendrick Lamar 11 2016
3 Lauryn Hill 10 1999
Kanye West 2005
Beyoncé 2010
Eminem 2011
7 Roger Miller 9 1966
Paul McCartney 1966
The Manhattan Transfer 1986
Jay Z 2014
Beyoncé 2017
Most nominations without winning[edit]
The record for most Grammy nominations without a win is 24, held by Morten Lindberg.
Rank
Artist
Nominations
1 Morten Lindberg 24
2 Snoop Dogg 17
Brian McKnight
4 Joe Satriani 15
5 Toshiko Akiyoshi 14
Martina McBride
Dierks Bentley
Björk
9 Katy Perry 13
Nas
Spyro Gyra
Musiq Soulchild
13 Diana Ross 12
Alan Parsons
Busta Rhymes
Ledisi
Lenny Gomulka
Fred Hersch
Keith Jarrett
Most nominations in one night without winning[edit]
Rank
Artist
Nominations
1 Paul McCartney (1966) 9
2 Kanye West (2017) 8
Rihanna (2017)
Jay-Z (2018)
5 Stevie Wonder (1983) 7
India.Arie (2002)
Kendrick Lamar (2014)
8 Henry Mancini (1959) 6
Thomas Z. Shepard (1970)
Mariah Carey (1996)
50 Cent (2006)
Bruno Mars (2012)
13 Robert M. Jones (1961) 5
Elvis Presley (1961)
Frank Sinatra (1961)
James Taylor (1971)
Eugene Ormandy (1971)
Paul McCartney (1983)
Sting (1986)
Jay David Saks (1986)
Leonard Bernstein (1989)
Joan Osborne (1996)
Avril Lavigne (2003)
50 Cent (2004)
Alicia Keys (2006)
Gwen Stefani (2006)
Prince (2007)
James Blunt (2007)
Jazmine Sullivan (2009)
B.o.B (2011)
Lil Wayne (2012)
Drake (2014, 2016)
Khalid (2018)
No I.D. (2018)
SZA (2018)
Grammy nominations in the most fields[edit]
Rank
Artist
Number
Fields
1 Quincy Jones 15 Spoken word, arranging, music video/film, jazz, pop, rap, general field, r&b, children's, musical theatre, disco, composition, gospel/contemporary christian music, music for visual media and production, non-classical
2 Paul McCartney 11 General field, pop, arranging, rock, traditional, music for visual media, music video/film, spoken word, historical, alternative music and rap
3 David Foster 10 R&b, arranging, composition, music for visual media, production, music video/film, pop, traditional, musical theatre and general field
Bob Dylan Country, general field, gospel/contemporary christian music, rock, music video/film, music for visual media, folk pop, american roots, and traditional
5 Jack White 9 Rock, general field, alternative, country, pop, package, music video/film, american roots and engineered album
Béla Fleck Country, pop, jazz, american roots, world music, classical, folk, spoken word, composition and arranging
Janet Jackson General field, pop, r&b, rock, arranging, rap, music video/film, dance and production, non-classical
8 Cyndi Lauper 8 Rock, pop, general field, music video/film, disco, arranging, american roots and musical theatre
Prince General field, pop, r&b, rock, engineered album, music video/film, music for visual media and production, non-classical
Michael Jackson General field, pop, r&b, rock, disco, children's, music video/film and production, non-classical
Danger Mouse General field, pop, r&b, rock, rap, alternative, music video/film and production, non-classical
Herbie Hancock General field, pop, r&b, rock, jazz, music video/film, music for visual media and composition
Lionel Richie General field, pop, r&b, music for visual media, dance, arranging, gospel/contemporary christian music and production, non-classical
Justin Timberlake General field, pop, r&b, country, rap, music for visual media, dance and music video/film
Stevie Wonder General field, pop, r&b, arranging, composition, music for visual media, music video/film and production, non-classical
Beyoncé General field, pop, r&b, rock, rap, music for visual media, surround sound and music video/film
Pharrell Williams General field, pop, r&b, dance, rap, music for visual media, music video/film and production, non-classical
Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night[edit]
Only ten artists have been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night.
Year
Artist
1968 Bobbie Gentry
1980 Christopher Cross
1985 Cyndi Lauper
1989 Tracy Chapman
1991 Mariah Carey
1998 Paula Cole
2002 India.Arie
2008 Amy Winehouse
2013 Fun.
2015 Sam Smith
Youngest nominees[edit]
Leah Peasall of the Peasall sisters is the youngest ever Grammy nominee (and winner) as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) in 2002.[4] Deleon Richards is the youngest performer to receive an individual nomination, for Best Soul/Gospel performance.[11]
Rank
Age
Artist
1 7 years Leah Peasall
2 8 years, 161 days Deleon Richards
3 9 years Hannah Peasall
4 12 years, 126 days Zac Hanson
5 12 years, 155 days Joey Alexander
6 12 years, 199 days Michael Jackson
7 12 years, 273 days Billy Gilman
8 13 years Sarah Peasall
9 14 years, 45 days Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith
10 14 years, 182 days LeAnn Rimes
11 14 years, 197 days Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly
12 14 years, 313 days Luis Miguel
13 14 years, 348 days Taylor Hanson
See also[edit]
Latin Grammy Award records
List of Academy Award records
List of people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Includes 14 awards as part of Union Station
Jump up ^ Includes 3 awards as part of Destiny's Child
Jump up ^ Includes 7 awards as part of Lady Antebellum
Jump up ^ Includes 41 nominations as part of The Beatles
Jump up ^ Includes 13 nominations as part of Destiny's Child
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Georg Solti - Biography". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "WHO ARE THE TOP GRAMMY WINNERS OF ALL TIME?". Grammy.com. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "U2 dominates Grammy night", CBC News, February 9, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "Past winners search 2001". Grammy.Com. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Jazz Legends Pat Metheny Group Improvise on Austin City Limits :: eJazzNews.com : The Number One Jazz News Resource On The Net :: Jazz News Daily[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ 2003 Grammy Awards
Jump up ^ "Adele To Michael Jackson: Who's Won The Most GRAMMYs In A Night?". Grammy.com. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Virtual College of Grammy Knowledge", by Wook Kim, Entertainment Weekly, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
Jump up ^ "2008 NEA Jazz Master: Quincy Jones" Archived 2007-10-08 at the Wayback Machine., National Endowment for the Arts, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
Jump up ^ "Artist With The Most Grammy Nominations for 2017". Billboard. December 6, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ [1], Retrieved 2009-09-02.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grammy Awards.
Official Grammy Awards website
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Buck passing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Scapegoat by William Holman Hunt (1854)
Buck passing, or passing the buck, is the act of attributing to another person or group, one's own responsibility. It is often used to refer to a strategy in power politics whereby a state tries to get another state to deter or possibly fight an aggressor state while it remains on the sidelines.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 In international relations
3 "The buck stops here"
4 See also
5 References
Etymology[edit]
The expression is said to have originated from poker, in which a marker or counter (such as a knife with a buckhorn handle during the American Frontier era) was used to indicate the person whose turn it was to deal. If the player did not wish to deal he could pass the responsibility by passing the "buck", as the counter came to be called, to the next player.[2]
Another less common but arguably less fanciful attribution is to the French expression bouc émissaire, meaning "scapegoat", whereby passing the bouc is equivalent to passing the blame or onus.[3] The terms bouc émissaire and scapegoat both originate from an Old Testament (Lev. 16:6–10) reference to an animal that was ritually made to carry the burden of sins, after which the "buck" was sent or "passed"[citation needed] into the wilderness to expiate them.
In international relations[edit]
Passing the buck in international relations theory involves the tendency of nation-states to refuse to confront a growing threat in the hopes that another state will. The most notable example of this was the refusal of the United Kingdom, United States, France, or the Soviet Union to effectively confront Nazi Germany during the 1930s. With the Munich Agreement, France and the United Kingdom successfully avoided armed confrontation with Germany, passing the buck to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union then passed the buck back to the western powers by signing the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.[4]
Similarly, John Mearsheimer argues that the delay of the Normandy invasion shows that a buck passing state can shift the balance of power in its favor: "There is no question that the United States benefited greatly from delaying the Normandy invasion until late in the war, when both the German and the Soviet armies were battered and worn down. Not surprisingly, Joseph Stalin believed that the United Kingdom and the United States were purposely allowing Germany and the Soviet Union to bleed each other white, so that those offshore balancers [the United States and the United Kingdom] could dominate postwar Europe."[5]
"The buck stops here"[edit]
At the recreation of the Truman Oval Office at the Truman Library in 1959, the former President Truman poses by his old desk which has the famous "The Buck Stops Here" sign.
"The buck stops here" is a phrase that was popularized by U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who kept a sign with that phrase on his desk in the Oval Office.[6] The phrase refers to the notion that the President has to make the decisions and accept the ultimate responsibility for those decisions. Truman received the sign as a gift from a prison warden who was also an avid poker player. It is also the motto of the U.S. Naval Aircraft Carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75).[7]
President Jimmy Carter arranged to borrow the sign from the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum.[8] Footage from Carter's "Address to the Nation on Energy"[9] shows the sign on the desk during his administration.
The reverse of the sign reads, "I'm from Missouri."[6] This is a reference to Truman's home state, as well as Willard Duncan Vandiver's statement, "I'm from Missouri. You've got to show me".
See also[edit]
Look up buck passing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Button (poker)
Bystander effect
Command responsibility
Deer in the headlights
Peter principle
Scapegoat
Somebody else's problem
Tragedy of the commons
References[edit]
Jump up ^ John, Mearsheimer (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 157–58. ISBN 9780393076240.
Jump up ^ Mitford M. Mathews, ed., A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1951), I, pp. 198–99.
Jump up ^ "Sermon preached by Professor Paul Gifford, in Christ's College, Cambridge" (PDF). 17 February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Christensen, Thomas; Jack Snyder (1990). "Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity" (PDF). International Organization. 44 (2): 137–68. doi:10.1017/S0020818300035232. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ John, Mearsheimer (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 160. ISBN 9780393076240.
^ Jump up to: a b "Truman: The Buck Stops Here". trumanlibrary.org.
Jump up ^ Jan R. Van Meter, Tippecanoe and Tyler Too: Famous Slogans and Catchphrases in American History.
Jump up ^ "'Buck Stops Here' To Be Sign of Carter". The New York Times. 6 February 1977. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
Jump up ^ President Jimmy Carter – Address to the Nation on Energy. YouTube. 28 March 2008.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buck_passing&oldid=841137944"
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