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Demographics of Nigeria
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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Nigeria, including population density, ethnicity, vital statistics, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other demographic aspects of the population.
Census figures are used to determine regional funding and representation of ethnic and religious groups in government service, and to look at the makeup of a population. The census provides information on current and future patterns,[1] providing an incentive for inflating local populations.
The most populated country in Africa, Nigeria, accounts for approximately one-sixth of the African population (or one fifth of the Sub-Saharan African population)[citation needed].
Approximately 50% of Nigerians are urban dwellers. At least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000[citation needed]. Nigeria is home to over 389 ethnic groups, and the variety of customs, languages, and traditions among them gives the country great cultural diversity.
The most numerous ethnic groups in the northern two-thirds of the country are the Hausa and the Fulbe/Fulani, the overwhelming majority of whom are Muslim. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the Nupe, Tiv, and Kanuri. The Yoruba people are the overwhelming majority in the southwest, as well as parts of the north-central region. Good numbers of the Yorubas are Muslims and about 60% are Christians, while the remainder hold traditional Yoruba views.
The predominantly Christian Igbo are found in the central parts of the southeast[citation needed]. Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination in Igboland, but Anglicanism is also strong, as are Pentecostal and other Evangelical denominations.
The Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, Annang, and Ijaw constitute other Southeastern populations. The Urhobo-Isoko, Edo and Itsekiri constitute Nigerian's Midwest with the Urhobo standing out as the majority[citation needed].
Persons of different ethnic backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used native Nigerian languages. Nigerian Pidgin is used widely as an unofficial medium of communication especially in the Nigerian cities of Warri, Sapele, Ughelli, Benin and Port Harcourt[citation needed].
Contents
[hide]
1 Population
2 Total and percent distribution of population by single year of age (Census 2006)
2.1 Fertility and births
3 Population projections
4 Vital statistics
5 CIA World Factbook population statistics
6 Education and literacy
7 Emigration
8 Religion
9 Crime
10 References
Population[edit]
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1952
30,403,305 —
1963
54,959,426 +5.53%
1991
88,992,220 +1.74%
2006
140,431,790 +3.09%
2011
162,471,000 +2.96%
2013
174,507,539 +3.64%
2015
182,202,000 +2.18%
2017
191,836,000 +2.61%
Total population
Demographics of Nigeria, data of FAO, year 2005; number of permanent inhabitants in thousands.
Nigeria's population has been increasing rapidly for at least the last 5 decades due to very high birth rates, quadrupling its population during this time. That type of growth rate is known as exponential. It is not growing at a linear rate.[2] Growth was fastest in the 1980s, after child mortality had dropped rapidly, and has slowed slightly since then as the birth rate has declined slightly. According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects[3] the total population was 185,989,640 in 2016, compared to only 37,860,000 in 1950. The proportion of children under the age of 15 in 2010 was 44.0%, 53.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% was 65 years or older.[4]
Total population (x 1000)
Population aged 0–14 (%)
Population aged 15–64 (%)
Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 37 860 41.7 55.3 3.0
1955 41 122 41.6 55.6 2.8
1960 45 212 41.6 55.6 2.8
1965 50 239 41.9 55.2 2.9
1970 56 132 42.6 54.6 2.8
1975 63 566 43.4 53.8 2.8
1980 73 698 44.0 53.2 2.8
1985 83 902 45.0 52.2 2.8
1990 95 617 44.9 52.3 2.9
1995 108 425 44.1 53.0 2.9
2000 122 877 43.5 53.7 2.8
2005 139 586 43.6 53.7 2.7
2010 159 708 44.0 53.2 2.7
Total and percent distribution of population by single year of age (Census 2006)[edit]
[5]
Age
Population
Percent
Total 140.431.790 100
0-4 22.594.967 16,09
0 3.004.421
1 4.766.927
2 4.874.939
3 4.823.910
4 5.124.770
5-9 20.005.380 14,25
5 4.578.252
6 4.239.954
7 3.641.713
8 4.274.377
9 3.271.084
10-14 16.135.950 11,49
10 4.782.673
11 2.103.323
12 3.690.772
13 2.731.481
14 2.827.701
15-19 14.899.419 10,61
15 4.000.138
16 2.646.846
17 2.387.754
18 3.777.608
19 2.087.073
20-24 13.435.079 9,57
20 5.825.512
21 1.692.905
22 2.372.385
23 1.878.601
24 1.665.676
25-29 12.211.426 8,70
25 4.950.958
26 1.685.645
27 1.891.707
28 2.348.975
29 1.334.141
30-34 9.467.538 6,74
30 5.538.220
31 807.082
32 1.561.540
33 817.720
34 742.976
35-39 7.331.755 5,22
35 3.538.869
36 894.320
37 878.533
38 1.255.414
39 764.619
40-44 6.456.470 4,60
40 4.156.871
41 486.496
42 918.443
43 536.525
44 358.135
45-49 4.591.293 3,27
45 2.359.627
46 517.645
47 503.723
48 746.592
49 463.706
50-54 4.249.219 3,03
50 2.862.363
51 290.004
52 534.394
53 281.811
54 280.647
55-59 2.066.247 1,47
55 967.161
56 320.949
57 251.622
58 324.990
59 201.525
60-64 2.450.286 1,74
60 1.791.258
61 150.477
62 245.662
63 140.134
64 122.755
65-69 1.151.048 0,82
65 645.459
66 102.029
67 138.709
68 171.016
69 93.835
70-74 1.264.937 0,95
70 1.002.176
71 76.808
72 130.975
73 65.660
74 54.978
75-79 579.838 0,41
75 336.831
76 62.741
77 53.839
78 84.521
79 41.906
80-84 760.053 0,54
80 586.064
81 43.174
82 65.942
83 31.895
84 32.978
85+ 715.225 0,51
Age group
Population
Male
Female
Percent
0-14 58.736.297 30.462.148 28.274.149 41,83
15-64 77.158.732 38.348.799 38.809.933 54,94
65+ 4.536.761 2.534.541 2.002.220 3,23
Number of children 0-14
Number of women 15-49
Proportion
58.736.297 34.961.107 1,68
Structure of the population (DHS 2013) (males 87 034, females 89 529 = 176 574):
Age Group
Male (%)
Female (%)
Total (%)
0-4 17,4 16,7 17,1
5-9 16,8 15,9 16,3
10-14 12,7 11,9 12,3
15-19 8,6 9,0 8,8
20-24 6,7 7,8 7,2
25-29 6,6 8,3 7,4
30-34 5,9 6,2 6,1
35-39 5,2 5,4 5,3
40-44 4,3 4,0 4,2
45-49 3,9 3,7 3,8
50-54 2,6 3,3 2,9
55-59 2,5 2,3 2,4
60-64 2,3 2,0 2,1
65-69 1,5 1,2 1,3
70-74 1,3 1,0 1,2
75-79 0,7 0,5 0,6
80+ 1,0 0,8 0,9
Age group
Male (%)
Female (%)
Total (%)
0-14 46,9 44,5 45,7
15-64 48,6 52,0 50,3
65+ 4,5 3,5 4,0
Fertility and births[edit]
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)(Wanted TFR) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[6][7] [8]
Year
CBR (Total)
TFR (Total)
CBR (Urban)
TFR (Urban)
CBR (Rural)
TFR (Rural)
1990 39 6,011 (5,8) 34 5,033 (4,8) 40 6,326 (6,1)
1999 37,7 5,15 35,6 4,50 38,5 5,44
2003 41,7 5,7 (5,3) 36,3 4,9 (4,6) 44,5 6,1 (5,7)
2008 40,6 5,7 (5,3) 36,8 4,7 (4,4) 42,5 6,3 (5,8)
2013 39 5,5 (4,8) 35 4,7 (4,1) 42 6,2 (5,3)
Year
TFR
1981-1982 6.3
1990 6.0
2003 5.7
2008 5.7
2013 5.5
Variable
TFR (2003)
TFR (2008)
TFR (2013)
Nigeria 5.7 5.7 5.5
Urban 4.9 4.7 4.7
Rural 6.1 6.3 6.2
Region - North Central 5.7 5.4 5.3
Region - North East 7.0 7.2 6.3
Region - North West 6.7 7.3 6.7
Region - South East 4.1 4.8 4.7
Region - South South 4.6 4.7 4.3
Region - South West 4.1 4.5 4.6
Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program):[9]
State
Total fertility rate
Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant
Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Abuja 4.5 8.3 4.7
Benue 5.2 13.0 6.8
Kogi 4.2 9.4 5.7
Kwara 5.1 7.2 5.2
Nasarawa 5.4 10.8 5.8
Niger 6.1 14.8 5.8
Plateau 5.4 11.2 5.6
Adamawa 5.8 15.6 6.7
Bauchi 8.1 16.9 8.4
Borno 4.7 12.7 5.2
Gombe 7.0 14.3 7.9
Taraba 6.0 10.6 7.1
Yobe 6.6 13.4 7.4
Jigawa 7.6 15.1 7.6
Kaduna 4.1 21.0 5.7
Kano 6.8 12.6 7.7
Katsina 7.4 17.3 8.4
Kebbi 6.7 16.9 8.2
Sokoto 7.0 14.1 7.3
Zamfara 8.4 17.0 8.7
Abia 4.2 7.3 5.0
Anambra 4.2 6.0 4.7
Ebonyi 5.3 9.1 7.1
Enugu 4.8 8.4 5.9
Imo 4.8 8.3 5.0
Akwa Ibom 3.9 5.3 5.4
Bayelsa 4.5 11.3 6.1
Cross River 5.4 9.1 5.5
Delta 4.1 10.6 5.6
Edo 4.4 6.3 5.7
Rivers 3.8 9.5 4.9
Ekiti 4.3 7.0 5.2
Lagos 4.1 7.2 4.3
Ogun 5.4 10.6 4.9
Ondo 5.2 9.1 5.2
Osun 4.1 6.8 4.3
Oyo 4.5 11.9 5.1
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)[10]
Population projections[edit]
According to the United Nations, the population of Nigeria will reach 391 million by 2050. Nigeria might then be the 4th most populous country in the world. In 2100, the population of Nigeria may reach 545 million.[11]
Vital statistics[edit]
Registration of vital events is in Nigeria not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [4]
Period
Live births per year
Deaths per year
Natural change per year
CBR*
CDR*
NC*
TFR*
IMR*
1950-1955 1 821 000 1 169 000 652 000 46.1 29.6 16.5 6.35 200.7
1955-1960 1 998 000 1 181 000 817 000 46.3 27.3 19.0 6.35 186.6
1960-1965 2 202 000 1 197 000 1 005 000 46.1 25.1 21.0 6.35 172.9
1965-1970 2 431 000 1 244 000 1 187 000 45.7 23.4 22.3 6.35 159.6
1970-1975 2 801 000 1 306 000 1 495 000 46.8 21.8 25.0 6.61 147.3
1975-1980 3 232 000 1 377 000 1 855 000 47.1 20.1 27.0 6.76 134.2
1980-1985 3 642 000 1 467 000 2 175 000 46.2 18.6 27.6 6.76 125.3
1985-1990 4 018 000 1 657 000 2 361 000 44.8 18.5 26.3 6.60 126.0
1990-1995 4 446 000 1 866 000 2 580 000 43.6 18.3 25.3 6.37 126.0
1995-2000 4 984 000 2 075 000 2 909 000 43.1 17.9 25.2 6.17 118.6
2000-2005 5 606 000 2 230 000 3 376 000 42.7 17.0 25.7 6.05 104.0
2005-2010 6 309 000 2 224 000 4 085 000 42.2 14.9 27.3 6.01 89.9
2010-2015 5.74
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)
CIA World Factbook population statistics[edit]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[12]
Ethnic groups of Nigeria [13]
Ethnic groups percent
Hausa and Fulani
29%
Yoruba
21%
Igbo
18%
Ijaw
10%
Kanuri
4%
Ibibio
3.5%
Tiv
2.5%
Population: 174,507,539 (July 2013 est.) 178.5 million (2014 est.) [14]
Age structure:
0-14 years: 43.8% (male 39,127,615/female 37,334,281)
15-24 years: 19.3% (male 17,201,067/female 16,451,357)
25-54 years: 30.1% (male 25,842,967/female 26,699,432)
55-64 years: 3.8% (male 3,016,896/female 3,603,048)
65 years and over: 3% (male 2,390,154/female 2,840,722) (2013 est.)
Median age:
total: 17.9 years
male: 17.4 years
female: 18.4 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.54% (2013 est.)
Birth rate: 38.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Death rate: 13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 50% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 51.56 years
male: 51.58 years
female: 51.55 years (2000 est.)
total population: 46.94 years
male: 46.16 years
female: 47.76 years (2009 est.)
total population: 52.05 years
male: 48.95 years
female: 55.33 years (2012 est.)

male: 52 years
female: 53 years (2014 est.) [14]
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
3.1% (2007 est.)
3.6% (2009 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS
2.6 million (2007 est.)
3.3 million (2009 est.)
Education and literacy[edit]
Definition: Entire population of Nigeria of all ages, even at birth, who can read and write in any language.
Total population: 78.6%
Male: 84.35%
Female: 72.65% (all: National Bureau of Statistics, 2010 National Literacy Survey)[15]
Emigration[edit]
Further information: Emigration from Africa
Further information: Nigerian British, Nigerian American, Nigerian Canadians, Nigerian Australian, Nigerians in the Netherlands, Nigerians in Switzerland, Nigerians in Ireland, and Nigerians in Vietnam
Today millions of ethnic Nigerians live abroad, the largest communities can be found in the United Kingdom (500,000-3,000,000)[16] and the United States (600,000-1,000,000 Nigerians), other countries that followed closely are South Africa, Gambia, and Canada respectively. There are also large groups in Ireland , Portugal and many other countries.[17] .Inspiration for emigration is based heavily on socio-economical issues such as warfare, insecurity, economical instability and civil unrest. Between 1400-1900, of 1.4 million of 2 million emigrants were slaves sent to the Americas. This is due to the fact that the land now known as Nigeria was a central point for 4 slave trades during the 19th century. Though bondage represented a great deal, an estimated 30,000 Nigerian inhabitants would relocate to Kano City and Gambia to take advantage of financial opportunities afforded by fertile land and available natural resources. What's more, the presence of gold mines and rail lines along the cold coast of what is now Ghana, attracted an estimated 6,500 Nigerian citizens to attain financial gain and opportunity. The population of Nigerians in Ghana rose to roughly 149,000 before the 1969 alien expulsion order would displace nearly the entire population to surrounding countries.[18]
Religion[edit]
Main article: Religion in Nigeria
Nigeria is nearly equally divided between Christianity and Islam. The majority of Nigerian Muslims are Sunni and are concentrated in the northern, central and south-western zones of the country, while Christians dominate in some central states( especially Plateau and Benue states), and the south-east and south-south regions. Other religions practiced in Nigeria include African Traditional Religion, Hinduism, Bahai, Judaism, The Grail Message, and the Reformed Ogboni Fraternity[19]
According to a 2009 Pew survey, 45% of Nigeria's population were Muslims.[20] A later Pew study in 2011 calculated that Christians now formed 56.8% of the population in Nigeria, while Muslims comprised 41.1%.[21][22] Adherents of other religions make up 1.4% of the population.[23]
The shift of population balance between Muslims and Christians is a result of northern and southern Nigeria being in different stages of demographic transition. The Muslim-dominated north is in an earlier stage of the demographic transition with much higher fertility rates than the south, whose split Christian/Muslim population is further along in the transition, and whose fertility rates are declining. Decreasing fertility can be linked to more access to education, use of contraceptives, and differing beliefs regarding family planning.[24]
The 1999 introduction of Sharia Law in 12 northern Nigerian states led to massive violence and unrest and caused an ethnic and religious rift between Sharia and Non-Sharia states, a divide that has deepened with time.[24]
Crime[edit]
Main article: Crime in Nigeria
Further information: Nigerian organized crime, Confraternities in Nigeria, Piracy in Nigeria, and Nigerian scam
Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organized crime, active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. .[25] The various Nigerian Confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organized crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria. As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities. The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members.[26] On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", these are organized gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialize in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.[27]
"the result of factors such as endemic local corruption, which facilitates illicit trafficking; the Biafra civil war, which contributed to a proliferation of firearms; the oil boom of the 1970s, which led to the embezzlement of public funds; and the economic crisis of the 1980s, which was accompanied by a rise in robberies. The expansion of the Nigerian diaspora and organized crime went hand in hand. Global migration boosted prostitution, drug trafficking and fraud, the three main activities of Nigerian syndicates. The smuggling of Nigerian sex workers became a whole industry that now extends from Switzerland to France and Italy (where black prostitutes are called “fireflies”), and has even reached the prudish kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from which 1,000 women are said to be deported every month by the authorities."[28]
The high crime rate among Nigerian migrants also leads to stereotyping Nigerians as criminals; thus, in Cameroon, Nigerian migrants are perceived collectively by the inhabitants of Cameroon as likely to be oil smugglers or dealers in stolen cars. In the Netherlands, the debate on Nigerian crime reached an intensity described as a "moral panic" by one scholar.[29][30] In Switzerland, the crime rate of Nigerian young males was reported as 620% that of Swiss males in same age group (2009 data), the second highest crime rate of any nationality, just below that of Angolan nationals (at 630%).[31]
Nigeria is also pervaded by political corruption. It is ranked 136 out of 168 countries in Transparency International's 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index.[32]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Housing Patterns". Census.gov. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Bongaarts, John. "Human population growth and the demographic transition". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 364 (1532): 2985–90. PMC 2781829  . PMID 19770150. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0137.
Jump up ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision Archived 16 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Microdata.worldbank.org. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "In the News: The Nigerian Census". Prb.org. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Map of Central Africa" (GIF). Businessmonitor.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "The DHS Program - Country Main". Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "World Population Prospects The 2012 Revision" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Nigeria: People, CIA World Factbook, 2012. Retrieved on 6 April 2012
Jump up ^ "Africa :: NIGERIA". CIA The World Factbook.
^ Jump up to: a b THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2014, 2014. Retrieved on 20 June 2015
Jump up ^ "National literacy main report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Country Profile: Nigeria". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2010-06-25. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
Jump up ^ "NOI-Polls: US And UK Top List Of Countries Most Nigerians Abroad Reside In. Key Reason For Migration Is For Economic Opportunities". Noi-polls.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant". Migrationpolicy.org. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Habila Kitause, Rimamsikwe; Chukwuka Achunike, Hilary (2013). "Religion in Nigeria from 1900-2013" (PDF). Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 3 (18): 35–56 – via Google Scholar.
Jump up ^ "Mapping out the Global Muslim Population" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population" (PDF). Pewforum.org. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
Jump up ^ "Future of the World Muslim Population" (web). Pewforum.org. January 27, 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria: Facts and figures". BBC News. 2007-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Stonawski, Marcin; Potancokova, Michaela; Cantele, Matthew; Skirbekk, Vegard (2016). "The changing religious composition of Nigeria: causes and implications of demographic divergence" (PDF). The Journal of Modern African Studies. 54 (3): 362–386. doi:10.1017/s0022278x16000409 – via Auraria Library.
Jump up ^ "Organized Crime: African Criminal Enterprises". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cults of violence – How student fraternities turned into powerful and well-armed gangs". The Economist. 31 July 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Olukoya, Sam (20 February 2003). "Crime war rages in Nigeria". BBC News. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (2005). ""The Dark Side of Diaspora Networking: Organised Crime and Terrorism" in Diasporas, Remittances and Africa South of the Sahara: A Strategic Assessment". Iss.co.za. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ van Heelsum & Hessels 2006, p. 80
Jump up ^ van Dijk 2001, p. 558
Jump up ^ Neue Statistik: Tamilen sind krimineller als Ex-Jugoslawen, Tages-Anzeiger 12 September 2010. In April 2010, the director of the Swiss Federal Office for Migration (BFM), Alard du Bois-Reymond, issued a statement to the effect that 99.5% of asylum seekers of Nigerian origin in Switzerland were criminals who entered Europe with the intention of pursuing petty crime and drug dealing. Task-Force gegen Asylmissbrauch 11 April 2010.
Jump up ^ e.V., Transparency International. "Transparency International - The Global Anti-Corruption Coalition". www.transparency.org.
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