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Climate of Chicago
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Chicago from Cermak-Chinatown station
The climate of Chicago is classified as humid continental (Köppen Dfa), with all four seasons distinctly represented: wet, cool springs; somewhat hot, and often humid, summers; pleasantly mild autumns; and cold winters. Annual precipitation in Chicago is average, and reaches its lowest points in the months of January and February, and peaks in the months of May and June. Chicago's weather is influenced by the nearby presence of Lake Michigan during all four seasons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Official Locations
2 Data
3 Seasons
3.1 Winter
3.2 Spring
3.3 Summer
3.4 Autumn
4 Extremes
5 Windy City
6 Lake breeze
7 Notes
8 References
Official Locations[edit]
The National Weather Service office in Chicago has one of the longest periods of official weather records, dating back to 1870, though all of the 1870 and 1871 weather records taken at 181 West Washington Street were lost in the Great Chicago Fire. As for the two major airports located in Chicago, Midway Airport began observations in 1928, and O'Hare Airport began observations in 1958. Both sites have served as official observation locations, with the latter being the current location where Chicago's official weather data is recorded. For Midway Airport, weather data prior to July 1, 1942 and after January 16, 1980 are not part of the official climate record of Chicago. All weather data taken at O'Hare from the beginning of observations in 1958 until January 17, 1980 are not part of the official climate record of Chicago.
Here is a list of official weather locations for the Chicago office:[1]
Dates
Location
Remarks
October 15, 1870 – October 8, 1871 181 W. Washington St. All records lost due to Great Chicago Fire
October 15, 1871 – June 11, 1872 427 W. Randolph St.
June 11, 1872 – June 8, 1873 20 N. Wacker Dr.
June 8, 1873 – January 1, 1887 Roanoke Building
January 1, 1887 – February 1, 1890 Chicago Opera House
February 1, 1890 – July 1, 1905 Auditorium Tower Automatic rain gauge installed in 1897
July 1, 1905 – December 31, 1925 U.S. Court House Supplemental observations through 1970
January 1, 1926 – June 30, 1942 University of Chicago Supplemental observations through 1962
July 1, 1942 – January 16, 1980 Midway Airport Continues to provide observations
January 17, 1980 – present O'Hare Airport
Note: Some of the addresses prior to 1909 are different than the post-1909 addresses
Data[edit]
[show]Climate data for Chicago (Midway Airport), 1981–2010 normals,[a] extremes 1928–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
67
(19) 75
(24) 86
(30) 92
(33) 102
(39) 107
(42) 109
(43) 102
(39) 101
(38) 94
(34) 81
(27) 72
(22) 109
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
52.3
(11.3) 57.2
(14) 73.0
(22.8) 82.2
(27.9) 88.2
(31.2) 94.1
(34.5) 96.5
(35.8) 94.1
(34.5) 90.5
(32.5) 82.2
(27.9) 68.7
(20.4) 55.7
(13.2) 97.7
(36.5)
Average high °F (°C)
31.5
(−0.3) 35.8
(2.1) 46.8
(8.2) 59.2
(15.1) 70.2
(21.2) 79.9
(26.6) 84.2
(29) 82.1
(27.8) 75.3
(24.1) 62.8
(17.1) 48.6
(9.2) 35.3
(1.8) 59.4
(15.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)
24.8
(−4) 28.7
(−1.8) 38.8
(3.8) 50.4
(10.2) 60.9
(16.1) 71.0
(21.7) 75.9
(24.4) 74.1
(23.4) 66.4
(19.1) 54.2
(12.3) 41.5
(5.3) 29.0
(−1.7) 51.4
(10.8)
Average low °F (°C)
18.2
(−7.7) 21.7
(−5.7) 30.9
(−0.6) 41.7
(5.4) 51.6
(10.9) 62.1
(16.7) 67.5
(19.7) 66.2
(19) 57.5
(14.2) 45.7
(7.6) 34.5
(1.4) 22.7
(−5.2) 43.5
(6.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)
−3.3
(−19.6) 2.4
(−16.4) 14.3
(−9.8) 27.0
(−2.8) 38.4
(3.6) 48.6
(9.2) 56.8
(13.8) 56.1
(13.4) 43.1
(6.2) 31.1
(−0.5) 19.9
(−6.7) 2.2
(−16.6) −8.7
(−22.6)
Record low °F (°C)
−25
(−32) −20
(−29) −7
(−22) 10
(−12) 28
(−2) 35
(2) 46
(8) 43
(6) 34
(1) 20
(−7) −3
(−19) −20
(−29) −25
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
2.06
(52.3) 1.94
(49.3) 2.72
(69.1) 3.64
(92.5) 4.13
(104.9) 4.06
(103.1) 4.01
(101.9) 3.99
(101.3) 3.31
(84.1) 3.24
(82.3) 3.42
(86.9) 2.57
(65.3) 39.09
(992.9)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
11.5
(29.2) 9.1
(23.1) 5.4
(13.7) 1.0
(2.5) trace 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0.1
(0.3) 1.3
(3.3) 8.7
(22.1) 37.1
(94.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
10.7 8.8 11.2 11.1 11.4 10.3 9.9 9.0 8.2 10.2 11.2 11.1 123.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
8.1 5.5 3.8 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.8 6.7 26.7
Source: NOAA,[2][3][4] WRCC[5]
[show]Climate data for Chicago (O'Hare Int'l Airport), 1981–2010 normals,[a] extremes 1871–present[b]
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
67
(19) 75
(24) 88
(31) 91
(33) 98
(37) 104
(40) 105
(41) 102
(39) 101
(38) 94
(34) 81
(27) 71
(22) 105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
51.4
(10.8) 56.5
(13.6) 72.4
(22.4) 81.7
(27.6) 87.2
(30.7) 93.6
(34.2) 95.5
(35.3) 93.4
(34.1) 89.7
(32.1) 81.1
(27.3) 67.6
(19.8) 55.0
(12.8) 96.8
(36)
Average high °F (°C)
31.0
(−0.6) 35.3
(1.8) 46.6
(8.1) 59.0
(15) 70.0
(21.1) 79.7
(26.5) 84.1
(28.9) 81.9
(27.7) 74.8
(23.8) 62.3
(16.8) 48.2
(9) 34.8
(1.6) 59.1
(15.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)
23.8
(−4.6) 27.7
(−2.4) 37.9
(3.3) 48.9
(9.4) 59.1
(15.1) 68.9
(20.5) 74.0
(23.3) 72.4
(22.4) 64.6
(18.1) 52.5
(11.4) 40.3
(4.6) 27.7
(−2.4) 49.9
(9.9)
Average low °F (°C)
16.5
(−8.6) 20.1
(−6.6) 29.2
(−1.6) 38.8
(3.8) 48.3
(9.1) 58.1
(14.5) 63.9
(17.7) 62.9
(17.2) 54.3
(12.4) 42.8
(6) 32.4
(0.2) 20.7
(−6.3) 40.8
(4.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C)
−5.6
(−20.9) −0.3
(−17.9) 11.9
(−11.2) 23.5
(−4.7) 35.6
(2) 44.3
(6.8) 52.0
(11.1) 52.6
(11.4) 39.2
(4) 28.4
(−2) 16.9
(−8.4) −0.1
(−17.8) −10.9
(−23.8)
Record low °F (°C)
−27
(−33) −21
(−29) −12
(−24) 7
(−14) 27
(−3) 35
(2) 45
(7) 42
(6) 29
(−2) 14
(−10) −2
(−19) −25
(−32) −27
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
1.73
(43.9) 1.79
(45.5) 2.50
(63.5) 3.38
(85.9) 3.68
(93.5) 3.45
(87.6) 3.70
(94) 4.90
(124.5) 3.21
(81.5) 3.15
(80) 3.15
(80) 2.25
(57.2) 36.89
(937)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
10.8
(27.4) 9.1
(23.1) 5.6
(14.2) 1.2
(3) trace 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0.2
(0.5) 1.2
(3) 8.2
(20.8) 36.3
(92.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
10.5 8.8 11.1 12.0 11.6 10.2 9.8 9.8 8.3 10.2 10.8 11.0 124.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
8.2 5.9 4.2 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.7 6.9 28.0
Average relative humidity (%)
72.2 71.6 69.7 64.9 64.1 65.6 68.5 70.7 71.1 68.6 72.5 75.5 69.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours
135.8 136.2 187.0 215.3 281.9 311.4 318.4 283.0 226.6 193.2 113.3 106.3 2,508.4
Percent possible sunshine
46 46 51 54 62 68 69 66 60 56 38 37 56
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[3][8][9]
[hide]Climate data for Chicago Aurora Municipal Airport, Illinois 1981–2010 normals
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
67
(19) 72
(22) 83
(28) 93
(34) 105
(41) 106
(41) 111
(44) 105
(41) 103
(39) 90
(32) 81
(27) 69
(21) 111
(44)
Average high °F (°C)
29.1
(−1.6) 33.7
(0.9) 47.0
(8.3) 60.0
(15.6) 70.6
(21.4) 80.1
(26.7) 83.5
(28.6) 81.2
(27.3) 74.9
(23.8) 62.2
(16.8) 47.8
(8.8) 32.8
(0.4) 58.58
(14.75)
Daily mean °F (°C)
20.8
(−6.2) 24.9
(−3.9) 37.0
(2.8) 48.5
(9.2) 58.8
(14.9) 68.8
(20.4) 71.7
(22.1) 70.1
(21.2) 62.8
(17.1) 50.6
(10.3) 38.1
(3.4) 25.1
(−3.8) 48.1
(8.96)
Average low °F (°C)
12.6
(−10.8) 16.2
(−8.8) 26.9
(−2.8) 37.0
(2.8) 47.1
(8.4) 57.5
(14.2) 59.8
(15.4) 59.0
(15) 50.7
(10.4) 39.0
(3.9) 28.4
(−2) 17.5
(−8.1) 37.64
(3.13)
Record low °F (°C)
−33
(−36) −25
(−32) −15
(−26) 8
(−13) 21
(−6) 34
(1) 40
(4) 37
(3) 25
(−4) 11
(−12) −11
(−24) −25
(−32) −33
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
1.47
(37.3) 1.62
(41.1) 2.23
(56.6) 3.38
(85.9) 4.26
(108.2) 4.01
(101.9) 4.19
(106.4) 4.12
(104.6) 3.44
(87.4) 3.12
(79.2) 3.14
(79.8) 1.96
(49.8) 36.86
(936.2)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
10.0
(25.4) 7.0
(17.8) 3.7
(9.4) 0.8
(2) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0.1
(0.3) 1.4
(3.6) 7.5
(19.1) 30.5
(77.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
9.7 7.8 10.4 11.8 11.2 10.2 9.3 10.0 8.9 8.9 10.2 10.7 119.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
6.7 4.5 2.1 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 4.9 19.9
Source: NOAA (normals, 1981–2010)[10]
Seasons[edit]
Chicago
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2.1
31
18
1.9
35
21
2.7
47
31
3.6
59
42
4.1
70
52
4.1
80
62
4
84
68
4
82
66
3.3
75
58
3.2
63
46
3.4
49
35
2.6
35
22
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA
[show]Metric conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
52
0
−8
49
2
−6
69
8
−1
92
15
5
105
21
11
103
27
17
102
29
20
101
28
19
84
24
14
82
17
8
87
9
1
65
2
−5
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Winter[edit]
Winter in Chicago proves quite variable: Seasonal snowfall in the city has ranged from 9.8 inches (24.9 cm) (in 1920–21) up to 89.7 in (228 cm) (in 1978–79), and the average annual snowfall in Chicago is 36 inches (91 cm).[11] Most winters produce many snow falls during the season in light accumulations of around 2 in (5.1 cm). Cities on the other side of Lake Michigan usually receive more snow than Chicago because of the lake-effect snow that falls on these communities, even though northeasterly winds can sometimes bring lake-effect snow to Chicago area too. However, every three years or so during the winter Chicago experiences a heavier snowstorm that can produce over 10 in (25 cm) of snow over a 1- to 3-day period, a level of snowfall very often seen in cities on the "snowbelt" on other side of the lake such as Grand Rapids, Michigan, Kalamazoo, Michigan, and South Bend, Indiana.
Winter temperatures can vary tremendously within the span of one week. The daily average high temperature in January at O'Hare is 31.0 °F (−0.6 °C) with the average daily low of 16.5 °F (−8.6 °C) and the daily mean of 23.6 °F (−4.6 °C). Temperatures drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 5.5 nights annually at Midway and 8.2 nights at O'Hare and up to 10–14 nights in some far western and northern suburbs,[12] although subzero (°F) readings in the absence of snow cover are rare.[13] There have been streaks of multiple winter seasons without a single subzero reading, yet there have also been winters with 20 or more subzero readings.
The warming effect of Lake Michigan during the winter makes subzero temperatures somewhat less common on the lakefront than in the more inland parts of the city. Highs reach 50 °F (10 °C) an average of 8.8 days each winter from December to February at Midway.
Based on 30-year averages obtained from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center for the months of December, January and February, Weather Channel ranked Chicago the sixth-coldest major U.S. city as of 2014.[14]
Although it is extremely rare, temperatures during late winter (generally March 1–20) can reach up to and well over 80 °F (27 °C). In 2012, there were eight days in the month of March with temperatures 80 °F (27 °C)+ (with a ninth day occurring in many suburban areas) during the record-breaking March 2012 North American heat wave. The last couple of 80 °F (27 °C) days in this record-breaking stretch of warmth occurred after the vernal equinox.
Spring[edit]
Spring in Chicago is perhaps the city's wettest season: Winter conditions can persist well into April and even occasionally into May. Thunderstorms are especially prevalent in the spring time as the city's lakeside location makes it a center of conflicts between large volumes of warm and cold air, which can trigger a wide variety of severe weather.
On the other hand, large snowfalls can also occur in late March and in early April. For example, in 1970, over 10 in (25 cm) of snow fell in a storm that occurred on April 1–2.[15] Twelve years later, Opening Day for the Chicago White Sox was postponed due to another 9-inch (23 cm) snowfall that had occurred on April 5.[16] Even more extraordinary, over 18 in (46 cm) of snow fell on March 25–26, 1930, which remains one of the city's five biggest recorded snowstorms despite it occurring past the vernal equinox.[17] The average date for last measurable snowfall (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) is April 1.
Temperatures can vary tremendously in the springtime; at 100 °F (38 °C), March is the month with the greatest span between the record high and low. At O'Hare, temperatures as low as 7 °F (−14 °C) and 31 °F (−1 °C) have been recorded as late as April 7 and May 21, respectively. Conversely, in official records, the earliest triple-digit (100 °F (38 °C)) high occurred on June 1, 1934, when official readings were taken closer to Lake Michigan. Though rare, triple-digit heat has occurred in May at Midway Airport and in outlying suburban locations. Typically, the last freezing low of the season on average occurs on April 13 at Midway and ten days later at O'Hare.
During the springtime, the effects of Lake Michigan are most prevalent. During this season, the lake is still quite cold, as the effects of much warmer temperatures are slow to affect the large body of water of Lake Michigan. It is common for Lake Michigan shoreline and water temperatures to remain in the 40s even into May. If the winds blow from the east, or from Lake Michigan into the city, a wide discrepancy in temperatures in a matter of miles can be found, especially on particularly warm days. It is not uncommon for high temperatures to be officially recorded in the 80s and occasionally 90s at O'Hare, Midway, and in suburban locations but to have temperatures be only in the 40s or 50s along the immediate lakeshore.
Summer[edit]
On a typical summer day, humidity is usually moderately high, and temperatures ordinarily reach anywhere between 78 and 92 °F (26 and 33 °C). Overnight temperatures in summer usually drop to around 65–70 °F (18–21 °C), although even in July and August there can be several nights where the temperature drops below 60 °F (16 °C), particularly during the cooler summers. Conversely, on the other extreme, temperatures can on a rare basis remain above 80 °F (27 °C) overnight, though this level of overnight warmth is generally limited to the city proper with its urban heat island effects along with Lake Michigan nearby. On such warm nights, especially during strong heat waves, most suburban locations drop down to between 75 and 79 °F (24 and 26 °C) but quickly rebound in the early morning hours. During such strong heat waves, the outlying suburban areas can record temperatures more than 5 °F above city and lakeshore locations.
A perfect example of such an occurrence happening, although considered "unofficial", occurred during the Dust Bowl years. Midway Airport recorded a record eight consecutive 100 °F-plus days in July, 1936. In that heat wave, temperatures at the lake remained in the middle and upper 90s Fahrenheit (middle 30s Celsius), whereas Midway Airport recorded temperatures over 100 °F (38 °C) for nearly two weeks, peaking at 107 °F (42 °C) on July 11. The official record high for Chicago for July 11 is also from 1936—but is recorded as just 97 °F. Further west in what would today be the near and far suburbs (e.g. DuPage County and westward), temperatures reached a blistering 110 °F (43 °C) or still higher at points during this massive heat wave. These extreme temperatures are not shown in the official records because daily weather observations were taken at the University of Chicago until 1942. The University of Chicago is close to the lake, which can and does reduce temperatures in the immediate shoreline area in the summer.
Chicago's yearly precipitation comes in at an average of about 36 inches (910 mm), but during the summer, rain arises from short-lived hit-or-miss rain rather than actual prolonged rainfalls, and thunderstorms also occur with regularity at night. In a normal summer, temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 23 days. Summer is both the rainiest and sunniest season here;[18] only the three months of June through August experience more than 65% of possible sunshine.[9]
In July 2012 Chicago reached and exceeded 100 °F (38 °C) for three consecutive days at O'Hare Airport with highs reaching 103 °F (39 °C) in the city and many suburban areas recording temperatures between 105 and 110 °F (41 and 43 °C). It was the first time in 65 years that Chicago had ever seen a triad of 100 °F days.[19] Chicago nearly recorded a fourth consecutive 100 °F day, but the temperature reached 98 degrees at O'Hare in late morning before a cold front came through the area and cooled temperatures off slightly in the city area, holding in the lower 90s. The effects of the cold front did not affect many suburban areas, as temperatures reached or exceeded 100 °F for a fourth consecutive day throughout much of the region.
During the summer, Lake Michigan continues to have an effect on Chicago weather, but it is not as common or as strong as it is during the spring months. On very hot days, temperatures can still be cooler along the immediate shoreline and slightly inland of the lake if winds blow from the east. Temperatures can be held in the 70s or 80s in these areas while outlying and suburban areas temperatures are rising well into the 90s. Temperatures can also reach extreme levels of heat on the immediate shoreline, such as when the air temperature reached 105 °F (41 °C) at Northerly Island during the aforementioned July 2012 heat wave.
Autumn[edit]
The extreme heat that Chicago is capable of experiencing during the height of the summer season can persist into the autumn season. Temperatures have reached 100 °F as late as September 7 (with 99 °F or 37 °C occurring as late as September 29), and temperatures have reached the lower-to-mid-90s Fahrenheit (low 30s Celsius) as late as October 6. Conversely, temperatures have dropped below freezing overnight as early as September 23, and subzero temperatures (below −18 °C) have arrived as early as November 23. Although extremely rare, temperatures at or above 70 °F (21 °C) have been recorded into early December, most recently in 2012 when 70 °F was recorded on December 3, some surrounding areas reaching temperatures as high as 72 °F (22 °C) to 75 °F (24 °C).
Autumn, in some ways, is a calmer season than any of the other three in Chicago. This does not mean that wild weather can't happen. The first freeze of the season on average occurs on October 24 at Midway and 11 days earlier at O'Hare. In most years, a period of warm weather, known as an Indian summer, occurs well after the autumnal equinox has occurred. In these so-called Indian summers, unusually warm weather can persist for several days well into October, and in particularly warm autumns, into November. For example, during the 2005 American League Division Series, for both home games between the Chicago White Sox and the Boston Red Sox, temperatures soared to near 90 °F (32 °C), despite the fact that it was already well into October. On top of that, during the same warm stretch in October 2005, for two consecutive days the overnight temperature failed to drop below 70 °F (21 °C), a rare occurrence for Chicago in October.
Autumn can bring heavy rain showers, some of which are capable of producing serious flooding. As the winter solstice nears, the threat of a major winter or snowstorm grows, and there have been major winter storms around the Thanksgiving holiday, causing major delays at the city's two major airports. The first measurable (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) snow on average falls on November 19. However, in the 2012–13 winter season, the first measurable snow fell on December 20, 2012, eclipsing the previous record of December 17, 1899. The 2012-13 winter season would fail to produce a daily maximum temperature below freezing 32 °F (0 °C) until early January 2013, the first such time that has happened in Chicago weather records. The entire calendar year of 2012 did not record a temperature lower than 5 °F (−15 °C). The largest snowstorm before the winter solstice dropped 14.8 inches (380 mm) at Midway Airport in December 1929.
During the autumn, the effects of Lake Michigan are usually reversed from the spring or summer, particularly in the late autumn. Temperatures near the immediate lakeshore can be a few degrees warmer than in outlying areas, especially during nighttime due to the delayed effects of cooler temperatures on the large body of water. It is rare, though possible, during the Indian summer when unusually warm temperatures are occurring in the inland areas of the city and suburbs for temperatures to be somewhat cooler along the lake as often happens during the spring season.
Extremes[edit]
The highest temperature ever recorded in the Chicago city limits is an unofficial 109 °F (43 °C) on July 24, 1934, at Midway Airport. The official reading of 105 °F (41 °C) for that day was taken at the University of Chicago campus near the shoreline off Lake Michigan. The 105° high that day is the highest official temperature ever recorded in the city.[20] On July 29, 1916, the low temperature sank to only 85 °F (29 °C). Many suburban locations have all-time records that have surpassed 110 °F (43 °C).
Readings near the lake can be several degrees cooler than inland locations if lake breezes are present, which suggests that the higher unofficial reading may also be accurate. During the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, official temperatures reached 104 °F (40 °C) at O'Hare Airport and 106 °F (41 °C) at Midway, but high humidity pushed the heat index to 15–20 °F (8–11 °C) above actual air temperatures, resulting in heat indexes well over 120 °F (49 °C). The coldest temperature ever recorded in Chicago city limits is −27 °F (−33 °C) at O'Hare on January 20, 1985, though unofficial temperatures as low as −33 °F (−36 °C) have been recorded at Chicago Aurora Airport in far western suburbs and in the rural areas to the west of Chicago.[21] On December 24, 1983, and January 18, 1994, the high temperature reached only −11 °F (−24 °C).
The greatest 24-hour precipitation was 6.86 in (174.2 mm) at O'Hare on July 23, 2011, while the heaviest 24-hour snowfall was 18.6 in (47.2 cm), again at O'Hare, on January 2, 1999. Daily snow depth has amassed as high as 29 in (74 cm) on January 14, 1979; as of 2017, January 1979 alone holds 8 of the top 10 daily snow-depth measurements.
Windy City[edit]
Chicago is known as the Windy City. The "Windy City" moniker did not originally refer to Chicago's climate. It is believed to have been created by a New York newspaper writer deriding Chicagoans' bluster as they promoted their city as the site of the 1893 Columbian Exposition. In terms of climate, Chicago is slightly windier than the average American city. Average wind speeds range from 8 miles per hour (13 km/h) in late summer to 12 miles per hour (19 km/h) in spring months.
Lake breeze[edit]
Further information: Lake-effect snow
Chicago can be cooler and moister than other parts of Illinois because of its proximity to the relatively cooler waters of Lake Michigan, effects which are most pronounced during spring and early summer. A frequent lakeshore breeze pushes much cooler, moister air into Chicago than the usual hot air of the Plains States (usually a moist air mass depending on upper level circulation), but the effect can be so localized that only the immediate waterfront neighborhoods (both north and southside lake adjacent communities) are cooler than inland parts of the city. South, west and southwestern suburbs can be more than 20 °F (11 °C) warmer than the lakefront at some times of year.[citation needed] The lake breeze also has other effects, including dense fog spilling into the city. Because of the closed-loop circulation pattern with a lake breeze that moves back and forth across the city, it is thought to significantly increase low-level ozone counts.[22] Differing wind direction on either side of the thermal dividing line allows for sharp updrafts under certain conditions, favorable to thunderstorm development. Offshore or land breezes shutdown the lake breeze and can have the opposite effect, with over lake convection occurring, usually in mid- to late summer and autumn. As a general rule, the opposite trend occurs during the winter—winter temperatures are warmer along the lakeshore and downtown than inland.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
Jump up ^ Official records for Chicago were kept at various locations in downtown from January 1871 to 31 December 1925, University of Chicago from 1 January 1926 to 30 June 1942, Midway Airport from 1 July 1942 to 16 January 1980, and at O'Hare Airport since 17 January 1980.[6][7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "History of the Chicago and Rockford weather observation sites".
Jump up ^ "Station Name: IL CHICAGO MIDWAY AP". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". NWS Romeoville, IL. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Weather Events of the Century for Chicago and Northeast Illinois 1900–1999". NWS Romeoville, IL. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
Jump up ^ "CHICAGO MIDWAY AP 3 SW, ILLINOIS". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
Jump up ^ History of the Chicago and Rockford weather observation sites
Jump up ^ ThreadEx
Jump up ^ "Station Name: IL CHICAGO OHARE INTL AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chicago/O'Hare, IL Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Jump up ^ "Chicagos Seasonal Snowfall Amounts". National Weather Service, Chicago, IL.
Jump up ^ http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals
Jump up ^ "Sub-zero temperatures end 711 day streak Tuesday – Philadelphia News, Weather and Sports from WTFX FOX 29". Fox Philadelphia. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
Jump up ^ Algis J. Laukaitis (10 January 2014). "How cold is it? Lincoln ranks 7th coldest in nation". Lincoln Journal-Star. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Skilling, Tom (March 27, 2005). "Late-March madness: The unprecedented spring snowstorm of 1930". Chicago Tribune.
Jump up ^ http://www.baseball-almanac.com/teams/white_sox_04.shtml
Jump up ^ Skilling, Tom (March 28, 2005). "Double trouble: The week-apart spring snowstorms of 1970". Chicago Tribune.
Jump up ^ Chicago Summer Precipitation Rankings Summer (June-August) (November 29, 2005). NOAA's National Weather Service Forecast Office.
Jump up ^ Erbentraut, Joseph (July 6, 2012). "Chicago Heat Wave: Friday Completes City's First Triad Of 100-Degree Days Since 1947". Huffington Post. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Chicago's Official Records. National Weather Service. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lot
Jump up ^ "Chicago Lake Breeze Effect Could Increase Asthma Risk". Science Daily.
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Arizona Robbins
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Arizona Robbins
Grey's Anatomy character
The Season 9 Promotional Photo of Jessica Capshaw as Dr. Arizona Robbins
First appearance
"Wish You Were Here" (5.11)
January 8, 2009
(as recurring cast)
"Good Mourning" (6.01)
September 24, 2009
(as series regular)
Created by
Shonda Rhimes
Portrayed by
Jessica Capshaw
Information
Occupation
Attending pediatric surgeon and fetal surgeon at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Title
Attending Pediatric Surgeon
Chief of Fetal Surgery
Board Director at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Chief of Pediatric Surgery (former)
M.D.
F.A.C.S.
Family
Daniel Robbins (father)
Barbera Robbins (mother)
Timothy Robbins (brother, deceased)
Spouse(s)
Callie Torres (divorced)
Significant other(s)
Lauren Boswell
Leah Murphy
Eliza Minnick
Carina DeLuca
Children
Sofia Robbin Sloan Torres
Arizona Robbins, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Jessica Capshaw. She was introduced in the show's fifth season as an attending surgeon and the new chief of pediatric surgery. Originally contracted to appear in three episodes, Capshaw's contract was extended to the remainder of the fifth season, with her becoming a series regular in the sixth season.
Robbins has been characterized as "quirky" and "perky", and is well known for wearing wheely sneakers and a Holly Hobbie pink scrub cap, designed to appeal to her younger patients. She was established as a love-interest for orthopedic resident Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) after the Torres' storyline with Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith) was cut short due to what series creator Shonda Rhimes called "a lack of chemistry". Shonda Rhimes was in contrast pleased with the chemistry between Robbins and Torres, citing the addition of Capshaw to the cast as an element of the season of which she was most proud. Initial media reaction to the character was positive. Matt Mitovich of TV Guide described her as a "fan favorite", and Chris Monfette for IGN praised the addition of "fresh, new characters", such as Robbins over the course of the season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Characterization
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Storylines[edit]
Following the death of Dr. Jordan Kenley (John Sloman), Chief Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) replaces his head of pediatric surgery with Dr. Arizona Robbins, a graduate of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Robbins has a romantic interest in orthopedic 5 year resident Callie Torres, (Sara Ramirez) later goes on to kiss her. The two embark on a relationship, but when Torres' father, Carlos (Héctor Elizondo), learns of the relationship, he threatens to cut her off financially unless she returns home with him. When Torres' father returns to Seattle and continues to reject his daughter's sexuality, Robbins is able to convince him to reconsider. She tells Mr. Torres that her father was able to accept her own sexuality, as she promised him she was still the "good man in a storm" he raised her to be, and that Torres is still the same person he raised. Torres is dismayed to learn that Robbins doesn't want children, and the two come to a conclusion that they cannot continue their relationship, since they both want different things. However, after a shooter enters Seattle Grace with a vendetta for Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh), and Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.), they are in lockdown together, and the two reconcile.
Robbins receives word that she has been given a grant to go to Malawi, and become a doctor there. In the end, Torres is shown to have accepted this as well and has decided to leave with Robbins. However, a fight at the airport results in Robbins leaving for Malawi without Torres, ending their relationship. She returns, hoping to rekindle her relationship with Torres, but is initially rejected. Eventually, Torres reveals that she is pregnant with Mark Sloan (Eric Dane)'s baby. Robbins accepts the situation, and she and Torres restart their relationship. Torres gifts Robbins with a weekend getaway, and Robbins proposes to Torres. After proposing, the two get in a car crash leaving Torres in critical condition. A series of surgeries follows, including the delivery of her premature baby, along with emotional breakdowns of both Sloan and Robbins. Upon the awakening of Torres, she accepts her marriage proposal, and the two are married by Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson). As the fifth year residents are coming close to the end of their residency, Robbins urges Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) to work under her. At the end of the Grey's Anatomy (season 8), Robbins is hurt badly in a plane crash, resulting in her left leg being amputated. In the aftermath of the plane accident, in which Sloan and Lexie Grey were killed, the hospital is sued and eventually found guilty of negligence. Each victim including Shepherd, Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), and Robbins herself must receive $15 million of compensation, which leads the hospital to a near bankruptcy as the insurances refuse to pay. Those doctors and Callie buy the hospital with the help of the Harper-Avery Foundation to prevent it from closing, and each become members of the new directing board. Robbins is initially cold towards Callie because she was the one who decided for an amputation. She also struggles with body image issues, but they slowly reconcile as Robbins tries to adapt to her new life. When Dr. Lauren Boswell (Hilarie Burton) arrives at the hospital to reconstruct the face of a baby and flirts with Robbins, she is flattered that a stranger still finds her attractive despite knowing about her injury and the two have a one-night stand.
After finding out that Arizona cheated on her with Lauren, Callie kicks Arizona out of their apartment. They also let out their true feelings about the accident and more is revealed about how they actually have felt. Callie initially agrees to couples therapy, but she shows up at the office only to tell Arizona that she isn't going in. Arizona gets drunk with April for a laugh while Callie, who is at the fundraiser, tells people that Arizona died in the plane crash. Arizona is led to believe that she and Leah slept together, however all they did was dance and make grilled cheese sandwiches after watching Derek perform surgery on film. Arizona pursues a sexual relationship with Leah but cuts ties with her when Callie asks her to come back home. It is revealed that Arizona became pregnant via a sperm donor prior to sleeping with Lauren. They decided to try again for a second child, but after agreeing that Callie would carry it, Callie went to see an OB/GYN and discovered that she had developed adhesions in her uterus since Sofia's birth, meaning she can't carry any more children. When she told Arizona, Arizona offered to carry the baby, but Callie decided that since they're still on unsteady footing that if something goes wrong, they won't make it and she doesn't want to put them in that position. They agree to postpone their plans to have another baby. However, in the season finale of Season 10 it is implied that Callie and Arizona's dream of having other child may come by means of a surrogate. At the beginning of Season 11, Callie and Arizona decide to have a baby by surrogate and Arizona applies for a fetal surgery fellowship with Dr. Herman. Arizona, with a heavy workload because of the fellowship, and Callie have an argument in the waiting room, and they choose to go to therapy together, resulting in a 30-day break. Arizona believes that the break strengthened their relationship and made her realize that she needs Callie - Callie on the other hand declares that the break gave her a taste of the freedom that she has been missing. Callie walks away and the two get a divorce later.
Callie wants to take Sofia and move to New York with Penny but Arizona does not want to be separated from her daughter so she hires a lawyer and they go to court for a custody battle. After a long case, Arizona wins sole custody of Sofia. but in the end she ends up sharing Sofia with Callie because she thinks that; 'both of Sofia's moms deserve to be happy'.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
It was first reported in December 2008 that Capshaw would be joining the cast of Grey's Anatomy as pediatric surgeon Arizona Robbins, for a multi-episode arc.[1] Initially scheduled to appear in three episodes of the show's fifth season, series creator Shonda Rhimes later extended Capshaw's contract to appear in all of the season's remaining episodes,[2] becoming a series regular in the sixth season.[3] Speaking of the new addition, Rhimes said:
I love Jessica Capshaw, and when I say love I mean love. She couldn't be a more wonderful person, and I feel like the chemistry Arizona and Callie have feels like the Meredith and Derek chemistry to me. I find them delightful to watch.
—  Shonda Rhimes, TV Fanatic[4]
This promotion saw Robbins become the only lesbian series regular on primetime TV.[5] Robbins is described as "quirky [and] perky" by TV Guide's Matt Mitovich,[6] and "a clear and rational surgeon who is not ruled by her emotions" by Kris De Leon of BuddyTV.[7] William Harper, writer of the episode "Beat Your Heart Out" in which Robbins and Torres kiss for the first time, has deemed Robbins: "genuinely, positively interested in people, in the most selfless way."[8] Commenting on Robbins' confidence, Capshaw commented: "she never thinks she's wrong and you don't hate her for it. There's no ego though, she just always thinks she's right and she is."[9] She is portrayed as having "wacky tendencies", including wearing roller shoes to work.[10]
Characterization[edit]
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) characterized Robbins as "confident", "ambitious", and "cheerful".[11] Shortly after her arrival in the show, Robbins became a love-interest for Torres (Ramirez). The relationship between the two is referred to by fans by the portmanteau "Calzona".[12] Torres' previous girlfriend Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith) was written out of Grey's Anatomy in 2008, due to a lack of chemistry between the characters. Rhimes praised the chemistry between Robbins and Torres in contrast, comparing it to that between the show's primary couple Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Shepherd (Dempsey),[13] and stating: "They have that little thing that makes you want to watch them."[14] Rhimes named the addition of Capshaw to the cast as one of the elements of the season she was most proud of, commenting that she wished she could have found Callie a love interest that "sparkled" sooner, but was pleased with eventually having found one in Robbins.[13]
When Robbins turned Torres down in the episode "An Honest Mistake" due to her inexperience with women, series writer Peter Nowalk offered the insight:
I totally understand why Arizona wouldn't want to date a newborn. It's like getting a Freshman as your Physics lab partner even though you're a Senior who not only knows the Laws of Motion but has mastered them in ways that would rock that Freshman's world. Which is not to say the Freshman won't grow to be really good at Physics, or that Callie won't catch up to Arizona on the lesbian front, it's simply that Arizona might not have the patience to wait that long.
—  Peter Nowalk, Grey Matter[15]
Although the characters go on to begin a relationship, the show's one-hundredth episode "What a Difference a Day Makes" sees them experience difficulties as a result of Torres' father rejecting her for her sexuality. Rhimes commented on their ultimate reconciliation: "I love [Callie] with Arizona. [...] I like that they make me feel hopeful about love."[16] Rhimes has said of their relationship in the sixth season: "I would like to see Callie happily in a long-term relationship. We have so much to explore with them, because we barely know anything about [Arizona]."[17] Capshaw has characterized the relationship as "incredibly understanding and compassionate and sensitive".[18] She described the sixth season as being about: "cementing a very mature and grounded relationship and taking it forward. This is a drama, of course; there will be conflict, but for the time being, they're enjoying being in a relationship that seems stable."[9]
Asked whether Robbins and Torres might marry in the future, Capshaw replied: "There's probably a lot more stuff that has to happen before that happens. [...] I don't think they're going to get married just to get married. As Arizona goes, I think she has incredible discipline and she does, as you said, have a very strict moral compass and marriage would not be something she would jump into without giving it a great amount of thought."[9] Discussing Robbins' relationship with Torres' former lover Sloan, Capshaw divulged: "Whenever there's been a chance to play that I am intimidated by him or being standoffish, I've always chosen to make it very playful. It's much more Arizona's style to find it very amusing."[9]
Reception[edit]
Capshaw's connection with Sara Ramirez was praised among critics.
Robbins ranked seventh in a top ten list of gay characters on TV compiled by Jane Boursaw of TV Squad. Boursaw wrote: "She's a mix of ironies - a pediatrician who glides around the hospital on wheelies, impulsively kisses Callie, then tells her she doesn't have time to teach a newbie how to be gay. Still, she's more interesting than the other gays on this show, which are dwindling in numbers since Erica left for parts unknown."[19] Commenting on Hahn's abrupt departure from the show, Dorothy Snarker, writing for LGBT website AfterEllen.com observed of Robbins and Torres' relationship: "I [...] can't help but be wary of how the Grey's writers will handle this relationship. Jessica has proven lovely and likable in her brief screen time so far. But it's not how the romance starts, but what happens next that really matters."[12] AfterEllen.com also included Robbins in their poll of the Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters, ranking her at No. 3[20] and in their Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters, placing her at No. 2.[21]
Matt Mitovich of TV Guide noted that Robbins "quickly established herself as a fan favorite",[6] describing her as: "a breath of fresh air in the often angsty halls of Seattle Grace."[22] Chris Monfette for IGN has opinionated that the fifth season of Grey's Anatomy was an improvement on the previous two seasons, attributing this in part to the introduction of "fresh, new characters" Robbins and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). Monfette wrote that Arizona's ultimate contribution to the season was "introducing the element of childcare to Seattle Grace", which in turn gave Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) "a great arc".[23] Jennifer Godwin for E! Online approved of Arizona's season six promotion to a series regular, particularly as it meant the continuation of her relationship with Callie.[24]
The Los Angeles Times's Carina MacKenzie wrote of the sixth-season episode "Invasion": "By far the best moment in this episode was Robbins' scene with Torres' father, Carlos. Jessica Capshaw has an incredible ability to take even the most melodramatic of "Grey's" speeches and deliver them with a subtlety and an honesty that makes them come off as sincere instead of overwrought. "I was named for a battleship," she said, and in the powerful monologue that followed, she calmly and carefully explained that Torres was still the woman Carlos raised.[25]
References[edit]
Specific
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (December 3, 2008). "'Grey's Anatomy' Exclusive: Eric Stoltz lands killer role". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (February 26, 2009). "'Grey's' exclusive: Jessica Capshaw inks contract!". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on September 28, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 17, 2009). "Exclusive: 'Grey's Anatomy' promotes Jessica Capshaw". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
Jump up ^ Marsi, Steve. "Jessica Capshaw Promoted to Full Time Cast Member". TV Fanatic. SheKnows Entertainment. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Linster, The (June 18, 2009). "It's official: Callie's girlfriend isn't walking away this time". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Mitovich, Matt (June 17, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy Status Report: Knight's Fate Revealed, and More". TV Guide. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ De Leon, Kris (February 28, 2009). "Jessica Capshaw Inks 'Grey's Anatomy' Contract". BuddyTV. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Harper, William (February 5, 2009). "Bill Harper On "Beat Your Heart Out"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Abrams, Natalie (November 4, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy's Jessica Capshaw on Callie and Arizona's Impending Trouble". TV Guide. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Diaz, Glenn Paul (March 5, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy: How Good Exactly is Seattle Grace Again?". BuddyTV. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) Bio". Grey's Anatomy. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Snarker, Dorothy (February 11, 2009). ""Grey's Anatomy" processes the Calzona kiss". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Ausiello, Michael (May 15, 2009). "Exclusive: 'Grey's' boss on finale's Izzie-George shocker, Mer-Der 'wedding,' and more!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Keveney, Bill (April 30, 2009). "TV is a 'journey' for 'Grey's' creator Shonda Rhimes". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Nowalk, Peter (February 19, 2009). "Pete Nowalk on "An Honest Mistake"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rhimes, Shonda (May 8, 2009). "Shonda Rhimes on "What a Difference a Day Makes"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 31, 2009). "What's Next for 'Grey's'?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Natalie, Brams (August 13, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy Is "Heavy" This Season". E! Online (Interview). Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Boursaw, Jane (April 8, 2009). "TV Squad Ten: Top gay characters". TV Squad. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters". AfterEllen.com. March 15, 2010. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters". AfterEllen.com. February 27, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt (June 19, 2009). "ABC Makes It Official: Heigl Is Staying on Grey's". TV Guide. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Monfette, Chris (May 29, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy: Season 5 Review". IGN. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Godwin, Jennifer (July 14, 2009). "Guess Who's Returning to Grey's Anatomy?". E! Online. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ MacKenzi, Carina (October 16, 2009). "'Grey's Anatomy': Mercy West is in, Izzie Stevens is out". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
General
"Grey's Anatomy: Episode Recap Guide". ABC. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
External links[edit]
Grey's Anatomy portal
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Grey's Anatomy at ABC.com
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text:
I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
Single by Elton John
from the album Too Low for Zero
B-side
"Choc-Ice Goes Mental" (UK)
"The Retreat" (US)
Released
April 1983 (UK)
November 1983 (US)
Format
Vinyl record (7")
Recorded
September 1982
Genre
Soft rock
Length
4:45
Label
Rocket
Geffen (US)
Songwriter(s)
Elton John, Bernie Taupin, Davey Johnstone
Producer(s)
Chris Thomas
Elton John singles chronology
"All Quiet on the Western Front"
(1982) "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(1983) "I'm Still Standing"
(1983)
"All Quiet on the Western Front"
(1982) "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(1983) "I'm Still Standing"
(1983)
Music video
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" on YouTube
Too Low for Zero track listing
"Religion"
(4) "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(5) "Crystal"
(6)
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" is a song by English singer Elton John, with music by John and Davey Johnstone and lyrics by Bernie Taupin . In the US, it was one of John's biggest hits of the 1980s, holding at #2 for four weeks on the Adult Contemporary chart, and reaching #4 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The song features Stevie Wonder on harmonica. The song received largely favorable reviews, with Bill Janovitz of AllMusic declaring the song "likely to stand the test of time as a standard."[1]
The song also was featured on an episode of Family Guy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
2 Song life
3 Charts
4 Personnel
5 References
6 External links
Track listing[edit]
US 7" single
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
"The Retreat"
UK 7" single
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
"Choc Ice Goes Mental"
Song life[edit]
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
From Too Low for Zero
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The song appeared on the album Too Low for Zero. Released as a single in April 1983, the song reached number five in the UK chart and number four in the US chart six months later. The song was also featured on the film soundtrack to Peter's Friends in 1992.
The original music video, one of twenty directed for John by Australian Russell Mulcahy,[2] tells the story of two 1950s-era young lovers who are separated when the man is forced to leave for National Service, depicting the trials and tribulations he experiences there, and then are finally reunited at the end of the song. It was filmed in the Rivoli Ballroom in London and is marked as one of the few times John has been filmed or videotaped without wearing his trademark glasses.
The song was later performed live by Mary J. Blige and Elton John, and this version of the song was part of the Mary J. Blige & Friends EP. A live version of the song with Mary J. Blige also appeared on John's One Night Only – The Greatest Hits live compilation, recorded in Madison Square Garden in October 2000. Another live version, this one featuring just Elton John and basic rhythm section, was recorded live in Verona in 1996 during John's appearance with Luciano Pavarotti as part of the master tenor's Pavarotti and Friends for War Child benefit concerts.
John has performed the song, a fan favourite, live numerous times, occasionally playing it as part of a medley with his hit "Blue Eyes" (from the 1982 album Jump Up!).
The song was covered by James Blunt and released in the UK on the compilation album BBC Radio 2: Sounds of the 80s on 7 November 2014.[3]
Canadian singer Alessia Cara covered the song for the 2018 tribute album Revamp: Reimagining the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1983-1984)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[4] 4
Germany (Media Control AG)[5] 22
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[6] 48
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[7] 12
South Africa (RISA)[8] 4
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[9] 12
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[10] 5
Zimbabwe Singles (ZIMA)[11] 1
Chart (1984)
Peak
position
Canadian Adult Contemporary[12] 1
Canadian Top Singles[13] 9
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 4
Personnel[edit]
Elton John: piano, keyboards, vocals
Davey Johnstone: electric guitar, acoustic guitar, backing vocals
Dee Murray: bass, backing vocals
Nigel Olsson: drums, backing vocals
Stevie Wonder: harmonica
References[edit]
Jump up ^ I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues at AllMusic
Jump up ^ "Russell Mulcahy". austlit.edu.au. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues". iTunes. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Chartverfolgung / JOHN, ELTON / Single" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Elton John – I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Elton John – I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ ""I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" on the South African Singles Chart". Springbok Radio. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues – Hitparade.ch". Singles Top 75. Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ * Zimbabwe. Kimberley, C. Zimbabwe: singles chart book. Harare: C. Kimberley, 2000
Jump up ^ "Contemporary Adult". RPM. 39 (22). 4 February 1984. ISSN 0315-5994. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "50 Singles". RPM. 39 (23). 11 February 1984. ISSN 0315-5994. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
External links[edit]
Elton John - I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues on YouTube
Lyrics for "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" at Bernietaupin.com
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" at Discogs (list of releases)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Elton John songs
1960s and 1970s
"Skyline Pigeon" (1968)
"I've Been Loving You" (1968)
"Lady Samantha" (1969)
"It's Me That You Need" (1969)
"Border Song" (1970)
"Rock and Roll Madonna" (1970)
"From Denver to L.A." (1970)
"Take Me to the Pilot" (1970)
"Your Song" (1970)
"Friends" (1971)
"Levon" (1971)
"Tiny Dancer" (1972)
"Rocket Man" (1972)
"Honky Cat" (1972)
"I Think I'm Going to Kill Myself" (1972)
"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters" (1972)
"Crocodile Rock" (1972)
"Elderberry Wine" (1972)
"Daniel" (1972)
"Teacher I Need You" (1973)
"Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding" (1973)
"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" (1973)
"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" (1973)
"Step into Christmas" (1973)
"Candle in the Wind" (1974)
"Bennie and the Jets" (1974)
"Harmony" (1974)
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (1974)
"The Bitch Is Back" (1974)
"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (1974)
"Philadelphia Freedom" (1975)
"I Saw Her Standing There" (1975)
"Someone Saved My Life Tonight" (1975)
"Island Girl" (1975)
"Grow Some Funk of Your Own" (1976)
"I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)" (1976)
"Pinball Wizard" (1976)
"Don't Go Breaking My Heart" (1976)
"Cage the Songbird" (1976)
"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" (1976)
"Bite Your Lip (Get Up and Dance!)" (1977)
"Crazy Water" (1977)
"The Goaldiggers Song" (1977)
"Ego" (1978)
"Part-Time Love" (1978)
"Song for Guy" (1978)
"Are You Ready for Love" (1979)
"Mama Can't Buy You Love" (1979)
"Johnny B. Goode" (1979)
1980s
"Little Jeannie" (1980)
"Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)" (1980)
"Dear God" (1980)
"Whatever Gets You thru the Night" (1981)
"Nobody Wins" (1981)
"Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever" (with Kiki Dee, 1981)
"Blue Eyes" (1982)
"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)" (1982)
"Ball and Chain" (1982)
"All Quiet on the Western Front" (1982)
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (1983)
"I'm Still Standing" (1983)
"Sad Songs (Say So Much)" (1984)
"Passengers" (1984)
"Nikita" (1985)
"That's What Friends Are For" (1985)
"Wrap Her Up" (1985)
"Take Me to the Pilot" (1988)
"I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That" (1988)
"Town of Plenty" (1988)
"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters (Part Two)" (1988)
"Healing Hands" (1989)
"Sacrifice" (1989)
1990s
"Club at the End of the Street" (1990)
"You Gotta Love Someone" (1990)
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (1991)
"The One" (1992)
"Runaway Train" (1992)
"The Last Song" (1992)
"Simple Life" (1993)
"True Love" (1993)
"Shakey Ground" (1994)
"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" (1994)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (1994)
"Circle of Life" (1994)
"Believe" (1995)
"Made in England" (1995)
"When the Money's Gone" (1995)
"You Can Make History (Young Again)" (1996)
"The Madness of King Scar" (1997)
"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (1997)
"Candle in the Wind 1997" (1997)
"Written in the Stars" (1999)
2000s
"I Want Love" (2001)
"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore" (2002)
"Original Sin" (2002)
"Are You Ready for Love" (2003)
"Ghetto Gospel" (2005)
"Electricity" (2005)
"The Bridge" (2006)
"Joseph, Better You than Me" (2008)
"Tiny Dancer (Hold Me Closer)" (2009)
Related articles
Albums discography
Videography
Book:Elton John
Category:Elton John
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Guess_That%27s_Why_They_Call_It_the_Blues&oldid=842058139"
Categories:
1983 singles
Elton John songs
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Songs with music by Elton John
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Hidden categories:
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This page was last edited on 19 May 2018, at 23:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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