text:
Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 9)
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Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 9)
Season 9 U.S. DVD cover
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
16
Release
Original network
USA Network
Original release
March 30 (2010-03-30) – July 6, 2010 (2010-07-06)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 8
Next →
Season 10
List of Law & Order: Criminal Intent episodes
The ninth season of Law & Order: Criminal Intent premiered on the USA Network March 30, 2010, and ended on July 6, 2010.[1]
After the two-part season premiere, Vincent D'Onofrio, Kathryn Erbe, and Eric Bogosian left the show. Bogosian's character (Capt. Daniel Ross) was killed off in the first part of the premiere.[2] Bogosian was replaced in the cast by Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, playing Captain Zoe Callas.[3] Saffron Burrows joined the cast (as Detective Serena Stevens), replacing Julianne Nicholson (who was pregnant and having a child during taping) who played Detective Megan Wheeler.[4] Jeff Goldbum assumed the leading role.
The scene cards return in this season after three seasons.
Episodes from the ninth season of Law & Order: Criminal Intent also aired on NBC beginning Sunday, June 20 at 10:00 PM (Eastern) with repeats of those episodes airing Saturdays starting June 26 at 8:00 PM (Eastern).[5] The episodes aired on NBC until Sunday, September 5, 2010. Bravo began airing ninth-season episodes during early morning hours on Sundays starting November 21 at 2:00 AM until 4:00 AM.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main cast
1.2 Recurring cast
1.3 Guest stars
2 Episodes
3 References
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Vincent D'Onofrio as Detective Robert Goren
Kathryn Erbe as Detective Alexandra Eames
Jeff Goldblum as Detective Zack Nichols
Saffron Burrows as Detective Serena Stevens
Eric Bogosian as Captain Daniel Ross
Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Captain Zoe Callas
Recurring cast[edit]
Leslie Hendrix as Chief M.E. Elizabeth Rodgers
Guest stars[edit]
Michael Gladis – "Love Sick".[6]
Tracy Pollan – a successful and attractive magazine writer in "Traffic".[7]
Lorraine Bracco – "Disciple"; a case where a body discovered at a construction site bears all the hallmarks of a serial killer who was executed more than six months earlier.[8]
Dan Lauria, Ralph Macchio – "Inhumane Society" where a promising young boxer is derailed when authorities discover he's at the center of a dog fighting ring.[9]
Dan Butler, and William Mapother – "Lost Children of the Blood" where the body of a bright young college student is found completely drained of blood.[10]
F. Murray Abraham – as Theodore Nichols (Nichols's father) in a case where the body of a successful real estate agent is discovered in a basement, bled out.[11]
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Law & Order: Criminal Intent episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
172
1 "Loyalty (Part 1)"
"Puntland"[12] Jean de Segonzac Walon Green March 30, 2010 (2010-03-30) (USA)
August 15, 2010 (2010-08-15) (NBC) 09001 3.56[13]
A tourist yacht cruising the coast of Somalia opens fire on an unarmed boat, killing a sheikh and his wife. The incident sets in play an international grab for power, an illegal arms deal and a hunt for terrorists. Captain Ross finds himself at the tragic center of the conflict, galvanizing the assistance of Major Case detectives Goren, Eames and Nichols.
Last appearance of Eric Bogosian as Captain Daniel Ross.
173
2 "Loyalty (Part 2)"
"Artifice"[14] Jean de Segonzac Barbara Hall April 6, 2010 (2010-04-06) (USA)
June 20, 2010 (2010-06-20) (NBC) 09002 3.47[15]
With an illegal arms deal and a hunt for Somali terrorists hanging in the balance, Detectives Goren, Eames, Nichols, and newcomer Stevens combine resources in an attempt to bring justice.
First appearance of Saffron Burrows as Detective Serena Stevens.
Vincent D'Onofrio (Detective Robert Goren) and Kathryn Erbe (Detective Alexandra Eames) left cast for the duration of season 9 after this episode.
174
3 "Broad Channel" Omar Madha Mark Malone April 13, 2010 (2010-04-13) (USA)
June 27, 2010 (2010-06-27) (NBC) 09003 3.21[16]
Nichols and Stevens clash with a Queens precinct when one of their detectives is shot and killed in the close-knit Broad Channel community, which is under the influence of Irish crime boss Jackie Dooley (Kevin Conway).
First appearance of Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Captain Zoe Callas.
The song played at the beginning and end of the episode is "Middle of Nowhere" written by Mike Post and Alan Doyle, and performed by Alan Doyle. After the original airing subsequent episodes removed the song and replaced it with the show's regular background music and removed the information from the credits.
Special guest star: Kevin Conway.
175
4 "Delicate" Tom DiCillo Nicole Mirante-Matthews April 20, 2010 (2010-04-20) (USA)
June 27, 2010 (2010-06-27) (NBC) 09006 3.53[17]
Nichols and Stevens investigate a murdered ballerina, whose killer may be a member of her elite school community.
176
5 "Gods & Insects" Jonathan Herron Ted Sullivan April 27, 2010 (2010-04-27) (USA)
July 4, 2010 (2010-07-04) (NBC) 09007 2.82[18]
Investigating on the murder of Kevin Denaburg, Nichols and Stevens meet his girlfriend Amber Donelli, an escort who was secretly leaking photos of her clients to a prominent gossip columnist, only to find the trail leads to the world of high finance.
177
6 "Abel & Willing" Kevin Bray Michael Angeli May 4, 2010 (2010-05-04) (USA)
July 10, 2010 (2010-07-10) (NBC) 09008 2.82[19]
When a husband shoots his wife, Nichols and Stevens suspect that the case is more complicated than it seems. As more victims turn up, the detectives find a pair of strange medical bracelets to be their most promising lead.
178
7 "Love Sick" Jim Hayman Nicole Mirante-Matthews May 11, 2010 (2010-05-11) (USA)
July 11, 2010 (2010-07-11) (NBC) 09011 3.02[20]
When a nice girl from the Heartland is found murdered, cleaned, and dressed to look like a prostitute, Nichols and Stevens investigate the staff of a local community hospital where the victim was last seen.
Guest Stars: Dash Mihok, Caroline Dhavernas.
179
8 "Love on Ice" Ken Girotti David Klass & James Sadwith May 18, 2010 (2010-05-18) (USA)
July 17, 2010 (2010-07-17) (NBC) 09009 2.55[21]
Four men who have been friends since high school discover they're being blackmailed over the death of another childhood friend. When one of the four turns up dead, it's up to Nichols and Stevens to uncover the truth behind a 22-year-old mystery.
This episode so far is the lowest in the Nielsen ratings.
Special guest star William Mapother
180
9 "Traffic" Chris Zalla Antoinette Stella May 25, 2010 (2010-05-25) (USA)
July 18, 2010 (2010-07-18) (NBC) 09012 2.86[22]
The death of a magazine publisher leads to a wide array of suspects, including his friends, employees, lovers past and present, and possibly the Russian mob. Who would go furthest to keep their secrets hidden?
Special Guest Star: Tracy Pollan
181
10 "Disciple" Christine Moore Walon Green & Michael Angeli June 1, 2010 (2010-06-01) (USA)
July 24, 2010 (2010-07-24) (NBC) 09010 3.08[23]
A body discovered at a construction site bears all the hallmarks of a serial killer who was executed over six months ago. Detective Stevens is faced with two grim possibilities: either they're dealing with a copycat, or she helped put an innocent man to death.
Special Guest Appearance by Lorraine Bracco
182
11 "Lost Children of the Blood" John David Coles Christine Bailey June 8, 2010 (2010-06-08) (USA)
July 25, 2010 (2010-07-25) (NBC) 09004 2.97[24]
The body of a bright young college student is found completely drained of blood. What appears to be a sex game gone wrong leads to a world of underground clubs, blood dealers, and a fanatical cult who believe themselves immortal.
183
12 "True Legacy" Yon Motskin Antoinette Stella June 15, 2010 (2010-06-15) (USA)
July 31, 2010 (2010-07-31) (NBC) 09013 3.50
The owner of a popular food truck is murdered, his body left for his mistress to discover. What some dismiss as a simple street rivalry leads to the Calderas, a powerful political family who'll do just about anything to maintain their dynasty.
184
13 "The Mobster Will See You Now" Jean de Segonzac Michael Angeli June 22, 2010 (2010-06-22) (USA)
August 1, 2010 (2010-08-01) (NBC) 09015 4.40
A government official blackmails two doctors for overcharging patients before he is killed. The doctors have another secret to protect, however, and worry that someone will find out mobsters financed their practice.
Guest Stars Vincent Curatola, Peter Appel, Joseph Siravo, Lenny Venito, and Cathy Moriarty.
185
14 "Palimpsest" Darnell Martin Mark Malone June 29, 2010 (2010-06-29) (USA)
August 7, 2010 (2010-08-07) (NBC) 09014 2.79[25]
Nichols and Stevens must solve an old fashioned murder mystery.
Guest Star Geraldine Hughes.
186
15 "Inhumane Society" Michael Smith Courtney Parker & Geoffrey Thorne July 6, 2010 (2010-07-06) (USA)
August 14, 2010 (2010-08-14) (NBC) 09005 2.99[26]
The career of a promising young boxer is derailed when authorities discover he's at the center of a dog fighting ring. Things go from bad to worse when one of his partners turns up dead.
Partially inspired by the Michael Vick dog fighting incident.
Guest Stars Dan Lauria, Ralph Macchio, Michael B. Jordan
187
16 "Three-In-One" Arthur W. Forney Walon Green & David Klass July 6, 2010 (2010-07-06) (USA)
August 21, 2010 (2010-08-21) (NBC) 09016 2.99[26]
The body of a successful real estate agent is discovered in a basement, bled out. The investigation points toward three different suspects. In order to understand how these three are connected, Nichols is forced to rely on an unlikely resource, his own father.
Special Guest Star: F. Murray Abraham as Dr. Theodore Nichols
This season finale episode is the lowest rated episode of all the franchise's season finales.
Last appearances of Jeff Goldblum as Detective Zack Nichols, Saffron Burrows as Detective Serena Stevens, and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Captain Zoe Callas.

Preceded by
Season Eight List of Law & Order: Criminal Intent episodes Succeeded by
Season Ten
References[edit]
Jump up ^ CNET Networks, Inc. (2010). TV.com episode summary for Season 9. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Loyalty
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Broad Channel
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Loyalty (Part 2)
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - NBC REVEALS SUMMER PREMIERE DATES FOR 'AMERICA'S GOT TALENT,' 'LAST COMIC STANDING' AND TWO NEW SERIES '100 QUESTIONS' AND 'PERSONS UNKNOWN' - TheFutonCritic.com". The Futon Critic. 2010-03-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Love Sick
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Traffic
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Disciple
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Inhumane Society
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Lost Children of the Blood
Jump up ^ Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode, Three-in-One
Jump up ^ "(#09001) "LOYALTY (PART 1)"". The Futon Critic. June 10, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Updated: "Justified" Falls Hard; "Law & Order: CI" returns, Plus More..." tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. March 31, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "(#09002) "LOYALTY (PART 2)"". The Futon Critic. June 10, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ ""Southland" Finishes Flat; "Justified" Falls Again; "Law & Order: CI" Down". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. April 7, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Cable Ratings: Post-Goren/Eames Law & Order: Criminal Intent Down Slightly; Deadliest Catch Series Best & More". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. April 14, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Cable Ratings: Deadliest Catch Comes Off Highs; Law & Order: CI Up; Justified Slips". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. April 21, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable Ratings: The Hills Debut; Deadliest Catch, Law & Order: CI, Justified & More". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. April 28, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable Ratings: The Hills Slips From Premiere; Deadliest Catch, Law & Order: CI, Justified & More". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. May 5, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable Ratings: Cavs/Celtics Game Tops Night; Deadliest Catch, Law & Order: CI Both Up". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. May 12, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "NBA Playoffs, NBA Draft Lottery Lead Tuesday Cable; "Law & Order: Criminal Intent" Falls". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. May 19, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable: Lakers/Suns Dominate + "Law & Order: CI," "Justified" and others". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. May 26, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable: "Justified" Rebounds a Bit, While "Law & Order: CI" Dips 20% With Adults 18-49". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. June 3, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable: Justified Finale & Law & Order:CI Flat, Plus Deadliest Catch, The Hills, WWE NXT & More". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. June 9, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday Cable Ratings: Deadliest Catch, Pretty Little Liars, Law & Order:CI, The Hills, Memphis Beat & Lots More". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. June 30, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tuesday Cable Ratings: Deadliest Catch, Pretty Little Liars, Memphis Beat, Law & Order:CI Finale & More". tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. July 8, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
[hide]
v
t
e
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Characters
Police
Alexandra Eames
Mike Logan
Zack Nichols
Robert Goren
G. Lynn Bishop
Carolyn Barek
Megan Wheeler
Captain James Deakins
Captain Danny Ross
Other characters
Ron Carver
Elizabeth Rodgers
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Notable episodes
"One"
"The Good Doctor"
"Suite Sorrow"
"Graansha"
"Happy Family"
"Stress Position"
"Weeping Willow"
"30"
"Amends"
"Seeds"
"Untethered"
"Senseless"
"Purgatory"
"Contract"
"Assassin"
"Last Rites"
"Frame"
"Rock Star"
"Faithfully"
"The Glory That Was..."
"Family Values"
"Major Case"
"Revolution"
"Loyalty"
"To the Boy in the Blue Knit Cap"
See also
Episodes
Cast
Video game
Law & Order franchise
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_%26_Order:_Criminal_Intent_(season_9)&oldid=833762538"
Categories:
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text:
Dragonslayer (1981 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Dragonslayer
Theatrical release poster
by Jeff Jones
Directed by
Matthew Robbins
Produced by
Hal Barwood
Howard W. Koch
Written by
Hal Barwood
Matthew Robbins
Starring
Peter MacNicol
Caitlin Clarke
Ralph Richardson
John Hallam
Peter Eyre
Sydney Bromley
Chloe Salaman
Ian McDiarmid
Music by
Alex North
Cinematography
Derek Vanlint
Edited by
Tony Lawson
Production
company
Paramount Pictures
Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
(North America)
Buena Vista International Distribution
(International)
Release date
June 26, 1981
Running time
109 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$18 million[1]
Box office
$14,110,013
Dragonslayer is a 1981 American fantasy film directed by Matthew Robbins, from a screenplay he co-wrote with Hal Barwood. It stars Peter MacNicol, Ralph Richardson, John Hallam and Caitlin Clarke. Paramount Pictures handled North American distribution, while Buena Vista International handled international distribution. The story, set in a fictional medieval kingdom, follows a young wizard who experiences danger and opposition as he attempts to defeat a dragon.
A co-production between Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Productions, Dragonslayer was more mature than most other Disney films of the period. Because of audience expectations for a more family-friendly film from Disney, the film's violence, adult themes and brief nudity were somewhat controversial at the time, even though Disney did not hold US distribution rights, which were held by Paramount. The film was rated PG in the U.S.; TV showings after 1997 have carried a TV-14 rating. It's possible that this film was responsible for Disney's later creation Touchstone Pictures to produce more mature fare, starting with 1984's Splash.
The special effects were created at Industrial Light and Magic, where Phil Tippett had co-developed an animation technique called go motion for The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Go motion is a variation on stop motion animation, and its use in Dragonslayer led to the film's nomination for the Academy Award for Visual Effects; it lost to Raiders of the Lost Ark, the only other Visual Effects nominee that year, whose special effects were also provided by ILM. Including the hydraulic 40-foot (12 m) model, 16 dragon puppets were used for the role of Vermithrax, each one made for different movements; flying, crawling, fire breathing etc.[2] Dragonslayer also marks the first time ILM's services were used for a film other than a Lucasfilm Ltd. production.
The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score; Chariots of Fire took the award. It was also nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, once again losing to Raiders of the Lost Ark. In October 2003, Dragonslayer was released on DVD in the U.S. by Paramount Home Video.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Conception
3.2 Dragon design and realisation
3.3 Casting
3.4 Set design
3.4.1 Shooting locations in North Wales
3.5 Costumes
3.6 Musical score
4 Box office and reception
4.1 Praise
4.2 Criticism
5 Vermithrax Pejorative
6 Related media
6.1 Novelization
6.2 Marvel Comics adaptation
6.3 SPI board game
6.4 Soundtrack
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
A sixth-century post-Roman kingdom called Urland[3] is being terrorized by a 400 year-old dragon named “Vermithrax Pejorative”.[3] To appease the dragon, King Casiodorus (Peter Eyre) offers it virgin girls selected by lottery twice a year. An expedition led by a young man called Valerian (Clarke) seeks the last sorcerer, Ulrich of Craggenmoor (Richardson), for help.
A brutish and cynical soldier from Urland named Tyrian (Hallam), who has followed the expedition, openly intimidates the wizard and doubts his abilities. Ulrich invites Tyrian to stab him to prove his magical powers. Tyrian does so and Ulrich dies instantly, to the horror of his young apprentice Galen Bradwarden (MacNicol) and his elderly servant Hodge (Sydney Bromley). Hodge cremates Ulrich's body and places the ashes in a leather pouch, informing Galen that Ulrich wanted his ashes spread over a lake of burning water.
Galen is selected by the wizard's magical amulet as its next owner; encouraged, he takes it upon himself to journey to Urland. On the way, he discovers Valerian is really a young woman, who is disguised to avoid being selected in the lottery. In an effort to discourage the expedition, Tyrian kills Hodge; before dying, he hands Galen the pouch of ashes and dies with the words "Burning water ..." on his lips.
Arriving in Urland, Galen inspects the dragon's lair and attempts to seal its entrance by causing rocks to fall from the cliff. Tyrian apprehends Galen and takes him to the court of King Casiodorus. King Casiodorus guesses that Galen is not a real wizard and complains that his attack may have angered the dragon instead of killing it, as his own brother and predecessor once did. The king confiscates the amulet and imprisons Galen. His daughter Elspeth (Chloe Salaman) comes to taunt Galen, but is shocked when he informs her of rumors that the lottery is rigged to exclude her name and those who are rich enough to pay to have the names of their children removed. Casiodorus is unable to lie convincingly when she confronts him regarding this.
Meanwhile, the dragon frees itself from its prison and causes an earthquake. Galen narrowly escapes from his prison, but without the amulet. The village priest, Brother Jacopus (Ian McDiarmid), leads his congregation to confront the dragon, denouncing it as the Devil, but the dragon incinerates him and then heads for the village, burning all in its path.
When the lottery begins anew, Princess Elspeth rigs the draw so that only her name can be chosen. Consequently, King Casiodorus returns the amulet to Galen so that he might save Elspeth. Galen uses the amulet to enchant a heavy spear that had been forged by Valerian's father (which he had dubbed Sicarius Dracorum, or "Dragonslayer") with the ability to pierce the dragon's armored hide. Valerian gathers some molted dragon scales and uses them to make Galen a shield, and the two realize they have romantic feelings for each other.
Galen attempts to rescue Princess Elspeth, and fights and kills Tyrian, but the Princess is determined to make amends for all the girls whose names had been chosen in the past, and descends into the dragon's cave and to her death. Galen follows her and finds a brood of young dragons feasting on her corpse. He kills them and finds Vermithrax resting by an underground lake of fire. He manages to wound the monster, but the spear is broken. Only Valerian's shield saves him from incineration.
After his failure to kill Vermithrax, Valerian convinces Galen to leave the village with her. As the two lovers prepare to leave, the amulet gives Galen a vision that explains his teacher's final wishes: He used Galen to deliver him to Urland. Ulrich had asked that his ashes be spread over "burning water", which is in the dragon's cave, and Galen realizes that the wizard had planned his own death and cremation, realizing he was too old and frail to make the journey.
Galen returns to the cave. When he spreads the ashes over the fiery lake, the wizard is resurrected within the flames. Ulrich reveals that his time is short and that Galen must destroy the amulet “when the time is right”. The wizard then transports himself to a mountaintop, where he summons a storm and confronts Vermithrax. After a brief battle, the monster snatches the old man and flies away with him. Cued by Ulrich, Galen crushes the amulet with a rock. The wizard's body explodes and kills the dragon, whose corpse falls out of the sky.
In the aftermath, villagers inspecting the wreckage credit God with the victory. The king arrives and drives a sword into the dragon's broken carcass to claim the glory for himself. As Galen and Valerian leave Urland together, he confesses that he misses both Ulrich and the amulet. He says "I just wish we had a horse." A white horse appears to carry the incredulous lovers away.
Cast[edit]
Peter MacNicol as Galen Bradwarden
Caitlin Clarke as Valerian
Ralph Richardson as Ulrich of Craggenmoor
John Hallam as Tyrian
Peter Eyre as King Casiodorus
Albert Salmi as Greil (dubbed by Norman Rodway)
Sydney Bromley as Hodge
Chloe Salaman as Princess Elspeth
Emrys James as Simon (Valerian's Father)
Roger Kemp as Horsrick
Ian McDiarmid as Brother Jacopus
Production[edit]
Conception[edit]
According to Hal Barwood, he and Matthew Robbins got the inspiration for Dragonslayer from The Sorcerer's Apprentice sequence in Fantasia, and later came up with a story after researching St. George and the Dragon. Barwood and Robins rejected the traditional conceptions of the medieval world in order to give the film more realism: "our film has no knights in shining armour, no pennants streaming in the breeze, no delicate ladies with diaphonous veils waving from turreted castles, no courtly love, no holy grail. Instead we set out to create a very strange world with a lot of weird values and customs, steeped in superstition, where the clothes and manners of the people were rough, their homes and villages primitive and their countryside almost primeval, so that the idea of magic would be a natural part of their existence." For this reason, they chose to set the film after the Roman departure from Britain, prior to the arrival of Christianity. Barwood and Robins began to hastily work on the story outline of the film on June 25, 1979 and finished it in early August. They received numerous refusals from various film studios, due to their inexperience in budget negotiations. The screenplay was eventually accepted by Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Productions, becoming the two studios' second joint effort after the 1980 film Popeye.[3]
Dragon design and realisation[edit]
According to Barwood, the dragon's basic body plan was based on that of the Jurassic pterosaur Rhamphorhynchus[4]
Twenty-five percent of the film's budget went into the special effects to bring the dragon to life. Graphic artist David Bunnet was assigned to design the look of the dragon, and was fed ideas on the mechanics on how the dragon would move, and then rendered the concepts on paper. It was decided early on in production that as the film's most important sequence would have been the final battle, it was deemed necessary to design a dragon with an emphasis on its flying abilities. Bunnet also designed the dragon to have a degree of personality, deliberately trying to avoid creating something like the titular creature from Alien, which he believed was "too hideous to look at".[3]
Ken Ralston's flying model of the dragon, Vermithrax Pejorative
After Bunnet handed his storyboard panels to the film crew, it was decided that the dragon would have to be realized with a wide variety of techniques: the resulting dragon on film is a composite of several different models. Phil Tippett of ILM finalized the dragon's design, and sculpted a reference model which Danny Lee of Disney Studios closely followed in constructing the larger dragon props for closeup shots. Two months later, Lee's team finished building a sixteen-foot head and neck assembly, a twenty-foot tail, thighs and legs, claws capable of grabbing a man, and a 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) wing section. The parts were flown to Pinewood Studios outside London in the cargo hold of a Boeing 747.[3]
Brian Johnson was hired to supervise the special effects, and began planning both on and off-set effects with various special effects specialists. Dennis Muren, the effects cameraman, stated, "We knew the dragon had a lot more importance to this film than some of the incidental things that appeared in only a few shots in Star Wars or The Empire Strikes Back. The dragon had to be presented in a way that the audience would be absolutely stunned."[3]
After the completion of principal shooting, a special effects team of eighty people at ILM studios in northern California worked eight months in producing 160 composite shots of the dragon. Chris Walas sculpted and operated the dragon head used for close-up shots. The model was animated by a combination of radio controls, cable controls, air bladders, levers and by hand, thus giving the illusion of a fully coordinated face with a wide range of expression.[3] Real WW2 era flamethrowers were used for the dragons fire breathing effects.
Phil Tippett built a model for the scenes in which the dragon would be required to walk. Tippett did not want to use standard stop motion animation techniques, and had his team build a dragon model which would move during each exposure rather than in between as was once the standard. This process, named "go motion" by Tippett, recorded the creature's movements in motion as a real animal would move, and removed the jerkiness common in prior stop motion films.[3]
Ken Ralston was assigned to the flying scenes. He built a model with an articulated aluminum skeleton in order to give it a wide range of motion. Ralston shot films of birds flying in order to incorporate their movements into the model. As with the walking dragon, the flying model was filmed using go-motion techniques. The camera was programmed to tilt and move at various angles in order to convey the sensation of flight.[3]
Casting[edit]
Peter MacNicol first met Matthew Robbins while waiting to audition for the pilot film of Breaking Away, and agreed to take part in Dragonslayer, despite having a dislike for performing magic tricks. McNicol had to learn horse riding, both English style and bareback for the role. McNicol found this difficult, saying that "They took away my stirrups, they took away my reins and whipped the horse, and then they told me to windmill my arms and turn a complete circle in the saddle. Then they took away the saddle!" He later took on vocal coaching in order to disguise his Texas accent, and took magic lessons from British prestidigitator Harold Taylor, who had previously performed for the British royal family.[3]
Caitlin Clarke was initially hesitant to involve herself in the film, as she was preparing to audition for a play in Chicago. Her agent insisted, though, and after doing an audition tape, was called back for more tests. Clarke failed them, but managed to pass after doing another test at the insistence of Matthew Robbins. She got on well with Ralph Richardson, and stated that he taught her more in one rehearsal than in years of acting classes.[3]
Set design[edit]
Ulrich's Castle looking over to Moel Siabod, Dolwyddelan Castle, North Wales
Elliot Scott was hired to design the sets of the film's sixth-century world. He temporarily converted the 13th-century Dolwyddelan Castle into Ulrich's ramshackle sixth-century fortress, much to the surprise of the locals. Next, Scott built the entire village of Swanscombe on a farmside outside London. Although Scott extensively researched medieval architecture in the British Museum and his own library, he took some artistic liberties in creating the thatched roof houses, the granary, Simon's house and smithy and Casiodorus' castle, as he was unable to find enough information on how they would look exactly. Scott then built the interior of the dragon's lair, using 25,000 cubic feet (710 m3) of polystyrene and 40 tons of Welsh slate and shale. The shots of the Welsh and Scottish landscapes were extended through the use of over three dozen matte paintings.[3]
Shooting locations in North Wales[edit]
Galen (Peter McNicol) & Hodge (Sydney Bromley) rehearsing for the pack levitation scene. Mathew Robbins (Director) can be seen monitoring through the camera. Capel Curig, North Wales
Location of Valerian's speech and handing a shield (made from the Dragon's scales) to Galen. Below Tryfan, Llyn Ogwen, North Wales
Dolwyddelan Castle, used for Ulrich's Castle.
Nearly all of the outdoor scenes were shot in North Wales. The final scene was shot in Skye, Scotland.
The filming crew were based in Betws y Coed, and the artists were stabled further down the Conwy valley.
Dolwyddelan Castle was used for all outdoor shots of Ulrich's Castle. This includes the arrival of the delegation from Urland, the arrival of guards from Urland, Ulrich's first death scene and funeral burning. Many locals were hired as extras during this scene.
The external long shots of the dragon's lair were of the main face of Tryfan, within yards of the A5, opposite Llyn Ogwen. The lair was shot looking upwards from the road, towards the broken face of Tryfan, Nant Ffrancon.
Shots of Galen and Hodge on the trek to Urland were shot on the old road from Cobdens to Bryn Engan, in Capel Curig.
The early morning camping scenes on the trek to Urland, Tyrian's shooting of Hodge, and Hodge's death scene all take place on a 500-yard (500 m) section of Fairy Glen between Betws-y-Coed and Penmachno.
The scenes of the delegation crossing over into Urland were shot above Ogwen Cottage, Nant Ffrancon.
Galen fleeing on horseback from Casiodorus's castle was shot high above Llyn Crafnant.
The scene where Galen Bradwarden sees an apparition in the lake was shot at the bottom end of Llyn Crafnant.
The bleak rocky outcrop where Valerian gathers Dragon scales is Castell y Gwynt, above the Pen-y-Gwryd hotel.
The scenes where Valerian delivers a shield made from the Dragon's scales and the intimate scene between Valerian and Galen were shot in the boulder field below Tryfan, about 300 yards from the A5 near the Llyn Ogwen Car Park.
The procession scenes in which victims are transported to the Dragon's lair were shot on Gelli behind the main shop in Capel Curig.
Vermithrax crashes into Llyn Llydaw, below Snowdon.
Costumes[edit]
The costumes were designed by Anthony Mendelson, who consulted the British Museum, the London Library and his own reference files in order to make the clothing evoke the designs of the early Middle Ages. Mendelson designed the costumes to be roughly stitched and the utilised colours were ones which would have only been possible with the vegetable dyes then in use. The costumes of Casiodorus and his court were designed to be finely silked, as opposed to the coarsely woven clothes of the Urlanders.[3]
Musical score[edit]
The film's Academy Award-nominated score was composed by Alex North. The score's linear conception was developed through transparently layered, polyphonic orchestral texture dominated by a medieval-style modal harmony. The score was largely based on five major thematic concepts:
the suffering of the Urlanders;
a "magic" motif;
the amulet;
the sacrificial virgins;
the relationship between Galen and Valerian.
North's had six weeks to compose score,[5] which featured music rejected from his score for Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey. (The opening sequence of Dragonslayer features a reworking of North's original music for the opening of the "Dawn of Man" sequence – which in the final film was played without music – and a waltz representing the dragon in flight was a variation of the cue "Space Station Docking", which in the final cut of 2001 was replaced by The Blue Danube).[6] North was disappointed by the resulting dragon scenes, as they did not use the entirety of the pieces he composed for them. He later stated that he had written "a very lovely waltz for when the dragon first appears, with just a slight indication that this may not be a bad dragon". The waltz was scrapped in favour of tracks used earlier in the movie.
Despite the omission of the dragon-reveal waltz, the score was widely praised. Pauline Kael wrote in the New Yorker that the score was a "beauty", and that "at times, the music and the fiery dragon seem one". Royal S. Brown of Fanfare Magazine praised the soundtrack as "one of the best scores of 1981".[7]
Box office and reception[edit]
Dragonslayer is a compelling and often brilliant fantasy film; it is also, however, a movie which is at odds with the normal internal structure of the typical "hero myth". It first tries hard to evoke a certain time and place and then tries just as hard to reject the necessary, and expected, limitations its particular setting and historical era impose. To put it bluntly, Dragonslayer is not content to conform to the strictures of the genre and to tell a rousing good story; it seeks, as well, to impose modern sensibilities on its medieval characters and plot—twentieth-century political, sociological, and religious sensibilities which only serve to dilute its particular strengths.
— Von Gunden, Kenneth Flights of Fancy: The Great Fantasy Films, McFarland, 1989, ISBN 0-7864-1214-3
The film grossed just over $14 million in the US[8] with an estimated budget of USD$18 million. Despite its mediocre box office performance, it later became a cult classic on home video.[citation needed] At the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 6.7 out of 10, with 86% positive reviews; its consensus reads: "An atypically dark Disney adventure, Dragonslayer puts a realistic spin -- and some impressive special effects -- on a familiar tale."[9]
Praise[edit]
Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called Vermithrax "the greatest dragon yet", and praised the film for its effective evocation of the Dark Ages.[10]
David Denby of New York praised Dragonslayer's special effects and lauded the film as being much better than Excalibur and Raiders of the Lost Ark.[10]
Criticism[edit]
David Sterritt of The Christian Science Monitor, although praising the sets and pacing of the film, criticised it for lack of originality, stressing that McNicol's and Richardson's characters bore too many similarities to the heroes of Star Wars. A similar critique was given by John Coleman of the New Statesman, who called the film a "turgid sword-and-sorcery fable, with Ralph Richardson in a backdated kind of Star Wars of Alec Guinness role...".[10]
Tim Pulleine of the Monthly Film Bulletin criticised the film's lack of narrative drive and clarity to supplement the special effects.[10]
Alex Keneas of Newsday criticised the film for being too focused on superstition, and for being "bereft of any sense of medieval time, place and society...".[10]
Vermithrax Pejorative[edit]
Guillermo del Toro has stated that along with Maleficent in Sleeping Beauty, Vermithrax is his favourite cinematic dragon.[11] He further stated that
One of the best and one of the strongest landmarks [of dragon movies] that almost nobody can overcome is Dragonslayer. The design of the Vermithrax Pejorative is perhaps one of the most perfect creature designs ever made.[12]
Author George R. R. Martin once ranked the film the fifth best fantasy movie of all time, and called Vermithrax "the best dragon ever put on film", and the one with "the coolest dragon name as well".[13] Vermithrax is mentioned in a list of dragons' names in the fourth episode of the television adaptation to Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire book series.[14] Fantasy author Alex Bledsoe stated that
... everyone has a 'first dragon', the one that awoke their sense of wonder about the creatures. For many it's Anne McCaffrey's elaborate world of Pern, where genetically-engineered intelligent dragons bond with their riders; for others it's Smaug in The Hobbit, guarding his hoard deep in a cave. But for me, it was the awesome Vermithrax from the 1981 film, Dragonslayer.[15]
During the filming of Return of the Jedi, in which Ian McDiarmid, who portrays minor character Brother Jacopus in this film, stars as the film's main antagonist, Emperor Palpatine, the ILM crew jokingly placed a model of one of the dragons from Dragonslayer in the arms of the Rancor model and took a picture. The picture was included in the book Star Wars: Chronicles. A creature based on the appearance of this dragon appears in one of Jabba the Hutt's creature pens in Inside the Worlds of Star Wars Trilogy.
Related media[edit]
Novelization[edit]
A novelization was written by Wayland Drew that delves deeper into the background of many of the characters. Expansions upon the film's plot include details such as these:
As an infant, Galen was handed to Ulrich by his parents due to their fear of his magical abilities. Ulrich took him as an apprentice, but was concerned with the lad's lack of focus, which usually resulted in the unintentional creation of bizarre, dream-inspired creatures.
A vision glimpsed by Ulrich in his scrying bowl implies that sorcerers could have been responsible for the creation of dragons, and that whoever this sorcerer was, he had far more power than Ulrich. This is only briefly alluded to in the film. It is further mentioned that the sorcerer who created dragons also fashioned the magical amulet which Galen wears through most of the story.
The revelation that Vermithrax, while physically androgynous, nevertheless required copulation with another dragon for fertilization.
It is revealed that the lottery's standards for eligibility fluctuated, and several married women and mothers were sacrificed too, Valerian's mother being among them. Her death was the price Simon had to pay in order to fashion Sicarius Dracorum, which was done with the assistance of Ulrich himself.
Simon is revealed to be a master blacksmith who fashioned highly prized weapons and armor. It was the toll of seeing so many use his arms and armor only to be killed by the dragon that convinced him to stop forging arms and armor.
King Cassiodorus is revealed to be of Roman heritage, and is portrayed as contemptuous toward his largely Saxon subjects, whom he views as superstitious and backward.
Ulrich is revealed to have extensive research and history of dragons. When he reviews his library to determine which dragon it is that is terrorizing Urland, he discovers (to his horror) that it is Vermithrax, unlike the movie which has him knowing all along.
When Ulrich is asking about other wizards which might still be alive to assist Valerian, he mentions Prospero, from Shakespeare's "The Tempest." Valerian gives a (brief) update of Prospero's fate which corresponds to the Shakespearean storyline.
Marvel Comics adaptation[edit]
Marvel Comics published a comic book adaptation of the film by writer Dennis O'Neil and artists Marie Severin and John Tartaglione in Marvel Super Special #20.[16]
SPI board game[edit]
Simulations Publications, Inc. produced the board game Dragonslayer, designed by Brad Hessel and Redmond A. Simonsen which was based on the movie.[17]
Soundtrack[edit]
Australian label Southern Cross initially released an unauthorized soundtrack album in 1983 on LP (a boxed audiophile pressing, at 45 rpm), and in 1990 on CD. That album also appeared on iTunes for a limited time. The first official and improved CD release came in 2010 by U.S. label La-La Land Records. The new album featured newly mastered audio from the original LCR(Left-Center-Right)-mix and included previously unreleased source music and alternate takes.
See also[edit]
List of films featuring eclipses
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Aljean (9 September 1981). "HOLLYWOOD IS JOYOUS OVER ITS RECORD GROSSING SUMMER". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Ronan, Margaret (1981), "The Vermithrax Pejorative Story: Behind the Scenes at the Making of Dragonslayer", Weird Worlds
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Fingeroth, Danny, 1981, The Making of Dragonslayer in Dragonslayer - The Official Marvel Comics Adaptation of the Spectacular Paramount/Disney Motion Picture!, Marvel Super Special, 1, 20, Marvel Comics Group, 1981
Jump up ^ Vermithrax Pejorative, Monster Legacy (April 14, 2013)
Jump up ^ Henderson, Kirk (1994). "Alex North's 2001 and Beyond". Soundtrack Magazine. 13 (49).
Jump up ^ Rosar, William H. (1987). "Notes on ‘Dragonslayer’ ". CinemaScore Magazine.
Jump up ^ Shoilevska, Sanya; Williams, John (2003). Alex North, film composer. McFarland. ISBN 0786414707. A biography, with musical analyses of a Streetcar Named Desire, Spartacus, The Misfits, Under the Volcano, and Prizzi’s Honor.
Jump up ^ Dragonslayer (1981)
Jump up ^ T-Meter Rating for Dragonslayer (1981) Archived July 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Von Gunden, Kenneth Flights of Fancy: The Great Fantasy Films, McFarland, 1989, ISBN 0-7864-1214-3
Jump up ^ "An Unexpected Party Chat transcript now available!". Weta Holics. 30 July 2008. Archived from the original on 29 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Guillermo del Toro gives Hobbit update".
Jump up ^ "George R.R. Martin's Top 10 Fantasy Films". The Daily Beast. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Garcia, Elio (27 May 2011). "Easter Eggs for the Fans". Suvudu. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Alex Bledsoe (17 August 2009). "First Dragons: Vermithrax from ‘Dragonslayer’". alexbledsoe.com.
Jump up ^ Marvel Super Special #20 at the Grand Comics Database
Jump up ^ Dragonslayer at Board Game Geek
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Dragonslayer (1981 film)
Dragonslayer on IMDb
Dragonslayer at Rotten Tomatoes
Dragonslayer at Box Office Mojo
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