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Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)
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"Give It Away"
Single by Red Hot Chili Peppers
from the album Blood Sugar Sex Magik
B-side
"Search and Destroy"
"Soul to Squeeze"
Released
September 4, 1991[1]
Format
CD, cassette, 7", 12"
Recorded
April–June 1991 at The Mansion in Los Angeles, California
Genre
Funk rock,[2] rap rock[3]
Length
4:43 (album version)
3:47 (edit)
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Flea, John Frusciante, Anthony Kiedis, Chad Smith
Producer(s)
Rick Rubin
Red Hot Chili Peppers singles chronology
"Show Me Your Soul"
(1990) "Give It Away"
(1991) "Under the Bridge"
(1992)
"Show Me Your Soul"
(1990) "Give It Away"
(1991) "Under the Bridge"
(1992)
Music video
"Give It Away" on YouTube
"Give It Away" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from the group's fifth studio album, Blood Sugar Sex Magik. It was released as the lead single from their album on September 4, 1991, by Warner Bros. Records. The music was written by guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea during a jam session months prior to the album recording sessions. Vocalist Anthony Kiedis wrote the song's most prevalent lyrical refrain in response to an experience he shared with former girlfriend Nina Hagen regarding altruistic behavior and the value of selflessness.
"Give It Away" went on to achieve international fame, reaching number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks in late 1991, giving the band their first ever number one single. In 1992 the single charted inside the top 75 of the US Hot 100 in the wake of the huge success of the record's second single "Under the Bridge". "Give It Away" also became the band's first top ten hit in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number nine on the UK Singles Chart; this didn't occur until February 1994, nearly 2 and a half years after it was first released in the US.[4]
The accompanying music video, which was directed by French film-maker Stéphane Sednaoui, was put into heavy rotation on music-television stations such as MTV and added to the band's success. Since its release, "Give It Away" has gone on to receive numerous accolades, including a Grammy Award for the Best Hard Rock Performance With Vocals in 1992. Steve Huey of Allmusic noted that while the single "didn't achieve the massive pop success of its follow-up, 'Under the Bridge' [...] it did become one of the band's most instantly recognizable songs."[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins and recording
2 Lyrics and meaning
3 Music and composition
4 Release and reception
5 Music video
6 Live performances
7 Personnel
8 Formats and track listing
9 Charts
10 Cover version
11 References
12 External links
Origins and recording[edit]
Guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea wrote much of "Give It Away" during jam sessions in the early 1990s.[6] Following the Chili Peppers' tour in support of Mother's Milk (1989), the duo spent time in a side project called H.A.T.E. with members of Fishbone. During their tenure in the group, the guitarist and bassist created the main riff and accompanying bassline for "Give It Away". The rhythm was played at several H.A.T.E. performances shortly thereafter, but when the side project disbanded Frusciante and Flea believed the track would be appropriate for the Chili Peppers' upcoming record.[6] Vocalist Anthony Kiedis agreed, and upon hearing the rest of the Chili Peppers play the song he began chanting "give it away, give it away, give it away now". The phrase had been something the vocalist intended to incorporate into a song for the band's new record, but it was not until he heard the bassline that the lyrics fit. Kiedis said, "I was so struck by Flea's bass part, which covered the whole length of the instrument's neck, that I jumped up and marched over to the mic, my notebook in tow. I always had fragments of songs and ideas or even specific isolated phrases in mind."[7]
The song was recorded between April and June 1991 at The Mansion in Los Angeles, California.[8] Through the recording of "Give It Away" came a practice of crafting songs that the band would continue to use on every album following Blood Sugar Sex Magik.[9] When the group encountered difficulty in composing a bridge for the song, it developed a tool the members colloquially termed "face-offs". Flea and Frusciante were unable to come to an agreement on guitar or bass progressions, but separately crafted part of the song. The band then reconvened at a later time and chose the most appropriate inclusion. With "Give It Away", a chorus and verse had already been written but a bridge was lacking, so thus they partook in a "face-off".[9]
Lyrics and meaning[edit]
The lyrical meaning behind "Give It Away" is centered on the philosophy of selflessness and altruistic behavior.[6] The song is titled after its most prevalent lyrical phrase "give it away", which is taken from an experience Kiedis had with his former girlfriend—punk rock singer Nina Hagen—in the early 1980s.[6] Hagen was several years Kiedis' senior and became a role-model during his drug addiction to heroin: "she realized how young and inexperienced I was then, so she was always passing on gems to me, not in a preachy way, just by seizing on opportunities."[9] When Kiedis was looking through her closet he came across a jacket he liked, and commented to Hagen that it was "really cool".[9] Upon expressing this, Hagen immediately told him to keep it. Her reasoning behind this selflessness was due to an attempt to constantly make her life more enjoyable, and explained to Kiedis that "if you have a closet full of clothes and you try to keep them all, your life will get very small. But if you have a full closet and someone sees something they like, if you give it to them, the world is a better place."[9]
The act was something that affected Kiedis significantly because he had never before experienced such an enlightening ideology on life. Growing up in Los Angeles, he had always thought differently from Hagen. Instead of giving material possessions away and being free thinking, the vocalist believed one must take what one wants, as no one else will provide.[9] Instead, he now adopted Hagen's philosophy: "It was such an epiphany that someone would want to give me her favorite thing. That stuck with me forever. Every time I'd be thinking 'I have to keep,' I'd remember 'No, you gotta give away instead.' When I started going regularly to [drug and alcohol] meetings, one of the principles I had learned was that the way to maintain your own sobriety is to give it to another suffering alcoholic. Every time you empty your vessel of that energy, fresh new energy comes flooding in."[9] Flea's bassline for the song allowed Kiedis to recall this incident and he believed the music paired perfectly with the lyrics.[6] During the verses, Kiedis departs from the idea of unselfishness and sings about a variety of topics including long-time friend River Phoenix, musician Bob Marley and various sexual themes including fertility and lust.[10]
Music and composition[edit]
"Give It Away"
"Give It Away" makes use of far drier production than previous Red Hot Chili Peppers material by removing reverb and guitar layering. Producer Rick Rubin disavowed walls of sound and layering for simpler, more concise guitar and bass progressions.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Give It Away" is performed in the time signature of 4/4 time.[11] The track begins with a distinctively "dry" guitar tone that is similar in style to the rest of the record.[12] Producer Rick Rubin had a considerable influence on the sound of Blood Sugar Sex Magik by removing much of the reverb and guitar layering that epitomized the band's previous album Mother's Milk. This caused the record to contain simpler and dryer guitar and bass chords that were not filtered through guitar effects—those that did, however, were made with vintage electronics from the 1960s and 70s.[13] For "Give It Away", along with the rest of the album, Rubin sought to achieve a sense of atmosphere that was similar to 60s records that were made without commercialism or viability in mind and to downplay on "big" sounds: "What you hear is what you get—there's not a lot of trickery. A lot of people want the biggest sound, with walls of guitar and huge drums. But I don't think those things matter."[12] The song follows a traditional verse-chorus-verse structure; when Kiedis begins singing, Frusciante jumps into a funk-oriented riff that is repeated throughout the verse while Flea plays a complex bass-line that makes use of virtually the entire fretboard.[6][13]
During the chorus, Kiedis sings "Give it away, give it away, give it away now" repeatedly over a more rapid guitar riff before Frusciante provides, according to Steve Huey of Allmusic, a "sudden contrast to Kiedis' hyperactivity in the form of a languid solo pre-recorded and dubbed backwards over the rhythm track."[5] The solo was recorded in one take because Frusciante had developed a preference towards speedy execution and a raw feeling; according to Flea, "We did very little fix-up stuff. John's philosophy was that he would only play a solo twice. He'd play it once, and if he didn't like it or we didn't like it, he'd play it again—completely different. And that was it."[13] "Give It Away" also makes use of other instruments like the jew's harp, which was played by band friend Pete Weiss.[5] The song continues through several verses and choruses before reaching a bridge that introduces the outro, which consists of "a hard-rocking riff" that, according to Huey, strongly resembles the main riff from Black Sabbath's "Sweet Leaf" from their 1971 record Master of Reality.[5] Kiedis repeats "Give it away now" for several measures before the guitar, bass and drums drop out.
Release and reception[edit]
"Give It Away" was released as the lead single from Blood Sugar Sex Magik in early September 1991, shortly before the record went on sale. Warner Bros. sought to premiere the song on a popular rock radio station in Texas, but were turned down when the format refused to air the track—they told employees at the label to "come back to us when you have a melody in your song".[14] The band then embarked on a short press tour through Europe in order to promote the record; it was during this time that KROQ-FM, a Los Angeles-based modern rock station, began to place "Give It Away" on heavy rotation. According to Kiedis, "That was the beginning of the infusion of those songs into mass consciousness."[15]
Critical reception to the song, much like the album, was highly positive. Jeff Vice of Deseret News noted "[this] dynamic first single that pays homage to Bob Marley, may start a new musical trend with its brilliant Rasta-funk."[16] Patrick MacDonald of The Seattle Times commented that "[Blood Sugar Sex Magik] includes one of the best songs the Peppers have done—'Give It Away', the first single. The hook is irresistible and the message, about 'material excess,' is delivered simply and straightforwardly."[17] Steve Huey of Allmusic felt the song was enhanced by Kiedis' lyrics, which were "a free-associative mixture of positive vibes, tributes to musical heroes, and free love, and their literal meaning was often as difficult to understand as Kiedis' nasal, staccato enunciation. But that distinctive vocal style helped make the most comprehensible lines even catchier and more memorable, greatly enhancing the song's appeal."[5] He continued by praising the track's music, "John Frusciante's guitar should not be underappreciated either; his noisy, scratchy funk-rock work add[s] depth and texture to the powerhouse rhythm section of Flea and Chad Smith."[5] Jay Clarke of the Richmond Times-Dispatch felt "Give It Away" was "a journey into the funky world of Kiedis and Flea. This song invigorates better than the heaviest metal or the most hard-core rap."[18] Tom Moon of Rolling Stone noted, "The pummeling 'Give It Away' [...] established a template for rock punctuated by the beatcentric relentlessness of hip-hop that would be appropriated by everyone."[19]
Since the song's release, it has become a notable factor in the Red Hot Chili Peppers' success and has won a variety of accolades. "Give It Away" won a Grammy award at the 35th Ceremony in 1993 for the "Best Hard Rock Performance".[20] In 1994 "Give It Away" was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's unordered list of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock";[21] in 2002 Kerrang! placed the song at number 67 in their list of the "100 Greatest Singles of All Time";[22] in 2004 Q included it in their unordered list of the "1001 Songs You Must Own!";[23] and VH1 awarded the song the 50th spot in its 2009 compilation of the "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs".[24]
Music video[edit]
Frusciante playing a reflective silver Fender Stratocaster and wearing sequined pants in the music video for "Give It Away".
The music video for "Give It Away" was made by French fashion photographer and director Stéphane Sednaoui. Kiedis wanted the video to be visually distinct and readily identifiable but disliked much of the material Warner Bros. sent for him to choose from: "I started viewing reels and reels and reels of video directors but nothing looked good to me. Everything was the same, boring, homogenized, contrived shit."[25] Upon finding Sednaoui's reel, however, Kiedis noticed it was "like nothing else. It was slower and poetic, shot in black and white. It seemed like authentic art, not something shot for MTV."[25] He and Flea met with Sednaoui to talk about the video, for which the director proposed a "very desolated [and] very graphic landscape," while heavily focusing on the band members with little to no outside influence.[26] It was decided that the video would be filmed in black and white while Sednaoui took the idea of painting the band members with silver acrylic from previous photo shoots he had done. Sednaoui recalls that he was "amazed by what [the band] gave me because they went far far far beyond what I was expecting and I think that's one of my best experiences in that regard".[26] The overall mood of the video was intended to be a personification of the song, which is upbeat and lively.[10]
Sednaoui experimented with a variety of cinematography techniques including wide-angle lenses, shots from below the subjects, superimposition, vertically cut screens displaying different angles of the same shot, reverse film effects, multiple lighting situations and flashy clothing to convey his concept.[26] Frusciante noted the feeling of the video to be extremely vibrant and over the top: "When it was us just painting ourselves silver and wearing these big silver boots and stuff, I mean it felt like glam rock or something."[26] The video begins with a wide-angle shot of Flea in a desert setting wearing pants with several gold colored horns protruding from each leg. The bassist is standing in a meditative stance and brings his arms together above his head when the music begins to play. The video then transitions between a variety of shots edited together that consist of the four band members standing with their eyes closed; the band dancing around in a dimly lit setting; a ground view of Frusciante playing a reflective silver Fender Stratocaster in between his legs while wearing pants made up entirely of small pieces of mirror; the band members moving around with full makeup on; and the band members dancing frenziedly. Kiedis adopted a deliberately outlandish wardrobe which incorporated gold lipstick, thinly braided hair, revealing meshed shorts and bright silver boots.[26]
During the backwards guitar solo, Frusciante was filmed waving a large aluminum ribbon; Kiedis was initially apprehensive about Sednaoui's desire for the guitarist to do so, believing he would tell the director "'Fuck you and take that dancing ribbon and shove it up your French ass, buddy' but [Frusciante] gladly went off and made love to the air with this dancing ribbon. He would have danced around for hours with that thing."[14] The footage was edited in reverse to complement the solo. While some of the scenes in the video were planned with a storyboard, much of it was improvised or made up on the spot over the two-day shoot.[26] During a particular scene Kiedis began to move his tongue flamboyantly to dramatically accentuate the lyrics, which Sednaoui believed was extremely beneficial to the exuberant nature of the video.[26] Where the video begins in what appears to be the daytime, it concludes at dusk with silhouettes of the band members running into the setting sun.
The video—which cost an estimated $140,000 to produce—was completed while Kiedis and Frusciante were on a promotional trip through Europe in support of Blood Sugar Sex Magik.[27] When the vocalist first saw it, he was "more hysterically ecstatic about that piece of visual footage than anything [the band had] ever done."[15] Warner Bros. executives, however, were worried that the content would be "too weird" or "too artsy" for the general public and favored a more traditional premise in contrast to the experimental approach Sednaoui took.[15] The video was ultimately released without being edited by the record label; since then it has been widely credited as being a considerable factor in the Red Hot Chili Peppers' success and greatly increased their international popularity.[28] Journalist Jeff Apter noted the video's "funky brew of goofy looks, a subtle invasive hook, Flea's spindly fingered baseline and Kiedis' crotch-hugging shorts made the clip essential viewing across MTV throughout the last few months of 1991."[28] Steve Huey of Allmusic commented in his review of the song that "MTV jumped all over the visually distinctive video."[5] It was nominated for three awards—"Best Alternative Video", "Breakthrough Video", and "Best Art Direction"—at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, for which it won the latter two.[28]
Live performances[edit]
"Give It Away" has been performed live by the band over 775 times, the most out of any of the band's songs and 26 years after its first performance; it remains a staple in the band's setlists, often closing the show.[29] The band has performed the song on various talk shows and other events, including Saturday Night Live on March 6, 2006;[30] as well as during the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show on February 2, 2014.[31]
Personnel[edit]
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Flea – bass, scream
John Frusciante – lead and rhythm guitar
Anthony Kiedis – vocals
Chad Smith – drums, tambourine
Additional musicians
Brendan O'Brien – Hammond B3 organ
Pete Weiss – Jew's harp
Formats and track listing[edit]
US Cassette single (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
European Cassette single (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
7" single 1 (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
7" single 2 (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Search and Destroy – 3:34
12" single (1991)
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Give It Away" – 4:43
CD single 1 (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
CD single 2 (1991)
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Give It Away" – 4:43
CD single 3 (1992)
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
European 12" (1993)
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"If You Have to Ask" (Disco-Krisco Mix) – 7:12
CD single 4 (1994 CD1 re-release)
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
CD single 5 (1994 CD2 re-release)
"Give It Away" (Edit) – 3:46
"If You Have to Ask" (Friday Night Fever Blister Mix) – 6:34
"If You Have to Ask" (Scott & Garth Mix) – 7:12
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live) – 5:03
Charts[edit]
Chart (1991/1992/1994)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[32] 41
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[33] 30
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[34] 42
France (SNEP)[35] 49
Ireland (IRMA)[36] 19
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[37] 22
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[38] 9
US Billboard Hot 100[39] 73
US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks 1
Cover version[edit]
A double-parody of "Give It Away" and "Under the Bridge" titled "Bedrock Anthem" was recorded by "Weird Al" Yankovic in his 1993 album Alapalooza.
Idina Menzel performed a few bars of the song as part of her exit music on her 2015 World Tour.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-06. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
Jump up ^ Strong, Martin Charles; Griffin, Brendon (2008). Lights, camera, sound tracks. Canongate. p. 542. ISBN 978-1-84767-003-8. With another series of striking videos, the Chili Peppers almost scored a US No.l with the aching ballad, 'Under The Bridge' while the body-jerk funk-rock of 'Give It Away' made the UK Top 10.
Jump up ^ Grierson, Tim (October 25, 2015). "Top 10 Essential Rap-Rock Songs". About.com. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Red Hot Chili Peppers - full Official Chart History - Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Huey, Steve. "'Give It Away' review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Apter, 2004. p. 229
Jump up ^ Kiedis, 2004. p. 272
Jump up ^ "Give It Away" single Liner Notes.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kiedis, 2004. p. 273
^ Jump up to: a b Apter, 2004. p. 230
Jump up ^ "Blood Sugar Sex Magik Guitar Book." Hal Leonard (1995).
^ Jump up to: a b Gore, Joe (October 1991). "Red Hot Chili Peppers: Gods of Sex Funk." Guitar Player.
^ Jump up to: a b c Di Perna, Alan (November 1991). "Free Spirits in the Material World." Guitar World.
^ Jump up to: a b Kiedis, 2004. p. 280
^ Jump up to: a b c Kiedis, 2004. p. 281
Jump up ^ Vice, Jeff (March 14, 1992). "Releases Show Continuing Evolution of Punk Rock." Deseret News.
Jump up ^ MacDonald, Patrick (January 3, 1992). "Rock Rapped In Funk — Red Hot Chili Peppers Are Giving It Away Tonight, Along With Pearl Jam." The Seattle Times.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Jay (December 24, 1991). "Chili Peppers Hotter Than Ever On This One." Richmond Times-Dispatch.
Jump up ^ Moon, Tom (August 28, 2003). "Blood Sugar Sex Magik Review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on July 29, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
Jump up ^ "Grammy Award Winners Searchable Database". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
Jump up ^ "500 Songs That Shaped Rock". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time." Kerrang! (December 14, 2002).
Jump up ^ "1001 Songs You Must Own!" Q (September 2004).
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs". VH1. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Kiedis, 2004. p. 279
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g The Making of "Give It Away"; Red Hot Chili Peppers' Greatest Hits and Videos (2003).
Jump up ^ Van Splunteren, Bram (1992) "Red Hot Chili Peppers." Hit of Shit [Dutch Television Show]. VPRO.
^ Jump up to: a b c Apter, 2004. p. 234
Jump up ^ "Red Hot Chili Peppers Tour Statistics - setlist.fm". Setlist.fm. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Navaroli, Joel. "SNL Archives | Episodes | 05.06.2006 #11". SNL Archives. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rutherford, Kevin (February 2, 2014). "Bruno Mars Gets One-Sided Super Bowl Bouncing With Biggest Hits". Billboard. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Red Hot Chili Peppers – Give It Away". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Red Hot Chili Peppers – Give It Away" (in French). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Red Hot Chili Peppers – Give It Away" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Red Hot Chili Peppers – Give It Away" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 25, 1992". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Red Hot Chili Peppers – Give It Away". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Red Hot Chili Peppers Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
External links[edit]
Give It Away official video on YouTube
[show]
v
t
e
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis
Michael "Flea" Balzary
Chad Smith
Josh Klinghoffer
Hillel Slovak
Jack Irons
Jack Sherman
Cliff Martinez
DeWayne McKnight
D. H. Peligro
John Frusciante
Arik Marshall
Jesse Tobias
Dave Navarro
Studio albums
The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984)
Freaky Styley (1985)
The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987)
Mother's Milk (1989)
Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991)
One Hot Minute (1995)
Californication (1999)
By the Way (2002)
Stadium Arcadium (2006)
I'm with You (2011)
The Getaway (2016)
EPs
The Abbey Road E.P. (1988)
2011 Live EP (2012)
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012)
2012-13 Live EP (2014)
Live In Paris EP (2016)
Single series
I'm with You Singles Collection (2012–13)
Live releases
Live in Hyde Park (2004)
Official Bootlegs (2011–2017)
Cardiff, Wales: 6/23/04 (2015)
Compilations
Sock-Cess (1989)
What Hits!? (1992)
Live Rare Remix Box (1994)
The Plasma Shaft (1994)
Out in L.A. (1994)
The Best of the Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994)
Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998)
Greatest Hits (2003)
Road Trippin' Through Time (2011)
I'm Beside You (2013)
Videos
Red Hot Skate Rock (1988)
Psychedelic Sexfunk Live from Heaven (1990)
Positive Mental Octopus (1990)
Funky Monks (1991)
What Hits!? (1992)
Off the Map (2001)
Live at Slane Castle (2003)
Greatest Hits and Videos (2003)
iTunes Originals – Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006)
Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You (2011)
Red Hot Chili Peppers: Live From the Basement (2012)
Tours
1983 Tour (1983)
1984 Tour (1984)
Freaky Styley Tour (1985–86)
The Uplift Mofo Party Tour (1987–88)
Turd Town Tour (1988)
Mother's Milk Tour (1989–90)
Blood Sugar Sex Magik Tour (1991–93)
Tour de La Sensitive (1994)
One Hot Minute Tour (1995–97)
Californication Tour (1999-00)
2001 Tour (2001)
By the Way World Tour (2002–03)
Roll on the Red Tour (2004)
Stadium Arcadium World Tour (2006–07)
I'm with You World Tour (2011–13)
2013/2014 Tour (2013–14)
The Getaway World Tour (2016–17)
Related articles
Articles
Discography
Videography
Band members
Songs
Awards and nominations
Scar Tissue
An Oral/Visual History by the Red Hot Chili Peppers
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Unearthed
Silverlake Conservatory of Music
"Bedrock Anthem"
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Category
Book
[show]
v
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Red Hot Chili Peppers singles discography
The Red Hot Chili Peppers
"Get Up and Jump"
Freaky Styley
"Jungle Man"
"Hollywood (Africa)"
The Uplift Mofo Party Plan
"Fight Like a Brave"
Mother's Milk
"Higher Ground"
"Knock Me Down"
"Taste the Pain"
Blood Sugar Sex Magik
"Give It Away"
"Under the Bridge"
"Suck My Kiss"
"Breaking the Girl"
"If You Have to Ask"
One Hot Minute
"Warped"
"My Friends"
"Aeroplane"
"Shallow Be Thy Game"
"Coffee Shop"
Californication
"Scar Tissue"
"Around the World"
"Otherside"
"Californication"
"Road Trippin'"
"Parallel Universe"
By the Way
"By the Way"
"The Zephyr Song"
"Can't Stop"
"Dosed"
"Universally Speaking"
Stadium Arcadium
"Dani California"
"Tell Me Baby"
"Snow ((Hey Oh))"
"Desecration Smile"
"Hump de Bump"
I'm with You
"The Adventures of Rain Dance Maggie"
"Monarchy of Roses"
"Look Around"
"Brendan's Death Song"
The Getaway
"Dark Necessities"
"Go Robot"
"Sick Love"
"Goodbye Angels"
What Hits!?
"Behind the Sun"
Greatest Hits
"Fortune Faded"
I'm with You Sessions
"Strange Man / Long Progression"
"Magpies on Fire / Victorian Machinery"
"Never Is a Long Time / Love of Your Life"
"The Sunset Sleeps / Hometown Gypsy"
"Pink as Floyd / Your Eyes Girl"
"In Love, Dying"
"Catch My Death / How It Ends"
"This Is the Kitt / Brave From Afar"
"Hanalei / Open/Close"
Non-album singles
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Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)
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This article is about the newly constructed bridge spanning the Hudson River. For the old bridge it replaced, see Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017).
New Tappan Zee Bridge
New Tappan Zee Bridge while under construction, one week before its official opening
Coordinates
41°04′17″N 73°53′28″W / 41.07139°N 73.89111°W / 41.07139; -73.89111Coordinates: 41°04′17″N 73°53′28″W / 41.07139°N 73.89111°W / 41.07139; -73.89111
Carries
8 lanes (4 northbound/westbound, 4 southbound/eastbound) of I-87 / I-287 / New York Thruway
Crosses
Hudson River
Locale
Connecting South Nyack (Rockland County) and Tarrytown (Westchester County)
Official name
Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Other name(s)
New NY Bridge
Maintained by
New York State Thruway Authority
Characteristics
Design
dual-span cable-stayed twin bridge
Total length
16,368 ft (4,989 m); 3.1 mi (5.0 km)[1]
Width
183 ft (56 m), total of both decks: 87 ft (27 m) and 96 ft (29 m)
Height
419 ft (128 m)
Longest span
1,200 ft (370 m)
Clearance above
unlimited
Clearance below
139 ft (42 m)[2]
History
Construction start
2013
Construction cost
$3.9 billion (2013 project budget)[1]
Opened
August 26, 2017 (westbound span)[3]
June 15, 2018 (project completion)[1]
Replaces
Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)
Statistics
Daily traffic
138,000+ (2011 est)
The new Tappan Zee Bridge, officially named the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge after former New York Governor Mario Cuomo, is a twin cable-stayed bridge being built to replace the original Tappan Zee Bridge over New York's Hudson River. The new bridges are to the north of and roughly parallel to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge, and cross the Hudson River in a parallel east-to-west direction. In the final configuration, the north span will carry the northbound and westbound traffic of I-87 and I-287, respectively, as well as a bicycle and pedestrian path. The south span will carry the southbound and eastbound traffic of I-87 and I-287, respectively.
Construction began in 2013, and the north span officially opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017. Eastbound traffic was switched onto the same span on October 6, 2017. Tappan Zee Constructors are currently demolishing the old bridge and completing the south span, which eastbound traffic will use once complete. Both spans are expected to be operational by June 15, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Construction progress
3 Public transportation
4 Naming
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
The original Tappan Zee Bridge, built in a period of material shortages during the Korean War
The original Tappan Zee Bridge was a cantilever bridge built during 1952–1955. The bridge was 3 miles (4.8 km) long and spanned the Hudson at its second-widest point. The Tappan Zee river crossing was named by 17th century Dutch settlers. The Tappan Zee Bridge, along with the smaller Bear Mountain Bridge, are the only crossings of the stretch of the Hudson between Westchester and Rockland counties, both of which are part of New York City's populous northern suburbs.
The deteriorating structure bore an average of 138,000 vehicles per day, substantially more traffic than its designed capacity. During its first decade, the bridge carried fewer than 40,000 vehicles per day. Part of the justification for replacing the bridge stemmed from its construction immediately following the Korean War on a low budget of only $81 million. Unlike other major bridges in metropolitan New York, the Tappan Zee Bridge was designed to last only 50 years.[4] The new bridge is intended to last at least 100 years.[5]
The collapse of Minnesota's I-35W Mississippi River bridge in 2007 raised worries about the Tappan Zee Bridge's structural integrity.[6] These concerns, together with traffic overcapacity and increased maintenance costs, escalated the serious discussions already ongoing about replacing the Tappan Zee with a tunnel or a new bridge.[7][8] Six options were identified and submitted for project study and environmental review.[9]
Construction progress[edit]
Aerial view of the new Tappan Zee Bridge being constructed next to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge (August 2016)
The Federal Highway Administration issued a report in October 2011 designating the Tappan Zee's replacement to be a dual-span twin bridge. The new bridge is now under construction a few yards to the north of the existing bridge, and will connect to the existing highway approaches of the New York State Thruway (I-87/I-287) on both river banks.[10] Construction began as scheduled during October 2013,[11][12] with completion targeted for 2017.[13] After some delays, the project is currently expected to be completed by June 15, 2018,[14] at a cost of $3.98 billion.[15]
Originally, some motorists thought that bridge tolls could more than double (to $12-$15 for automobiles, eastbound only), rising to those of New York City's Hudson River crossings.[5] However, the state passed legislation freezing the toll on the bridge at $5 through 2020 in its 2016 legislative session.[16]
The new Tappan Zee Bridge was proposed to include four vehicle lanes on each span, for a total of eight lanes, as well as a shared-use bicycle and pedestrian path. Like its predecessor, the new Tappan Zee Bridge is to be administered by the New York State Thruway Authority. The authority is the project co-sponsor, along with the state Department of Transportation.[10]
The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council added the Tappan Zee Bridge to its list of projects eligible for federal funds in August 2012.[17] The United States Department of Transportation approved the plan on September 25, 2012. The approval process took fewer than 10 months as opposed to the traditional multi-year process as a result of being placed on a "fast track" for approval by the Obama Administration.[18] On December 17, 2012, New York state officials dropped their proposal for a 45 percent increase on the state Thruway toll for trucks, while advancing a $3.14 billion project to replace the bridge.[19]
The new Tappan Zee Bridge was built by Tappan Zee Constructors, a design-build LLC composed of Fluor Corporation, American Bridge Company, Granite Construction Northeast and Traylor Bros. The Left Coast Lifter was used to install groups of pre-assembled girders one full span at a time.[20] By the end of 2013, General Electric had completed four seasons of dredging to remove contaminants from the river bottom. Approximately 70 percent of the sediments targeted for dredging were removed (totaling more than 1,900,000 cubic yards (1,500,000 m3) of sediment).[21]
The project timeline originally indicated that the old bridge would be closed in 2016 and that the demolition of the old bridge would begin in February 2017,[22] however, that timeline has since been amended. The first span of the bridge opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017,[3] and the project is expected to be completed by June 15, 2018.[14]
Under construction, day view (left, May 2017) and night view (right, September 2016)
When completed, the new Tappan Zee Bridge will be one of the widest cable-stayed bridges in the world, having a combined width across both decks of 183 feet (56 m).[2] The new spans will equal the width of the relatively short-span, cable-stayed Leonard Zakim Bridge in downtown Boston.[23] Turkey's 3rd Bosphorus bridge, completed in 2016, has a single deck about 192 feet (59 m) wide. The new Tappan Zee Bridge will also be one of the longest cable-stayed spans in the nation.[2][not in citation given]
On July 19, 2016, a crane used for the construction of the bridge collapsed onto the existing older bridge. Five people were injured, including three drivers and two bridge workers; no one was killed or critically injured.[24][25]
The new northbound/westbound span opened on August 26, 2017.[3][26] Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the existing span until October 6, 2017, when it was shifted to the new northbound/westbound span to allow for the completion of the new southbound/eastbound span.[27]
Public transportation[edit]
West of the Tappan Zee, the 680,000 residents of Rockland and Orange counties currently have very limited mass transit to New York City via the NJ Transit's Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line commuter rail services or Coach USA's Rockland Coaches bus services. The bridge plan includes as an objective merely, "Providing a crossing that does not preclude future trans-Hudson transit services."[10]
A proposed bus rapid transit system using the new bridge was shelved as too expensive. However, the bridge was structurally built for expansion with BRT and/or commuter rail at a later date. The existing Tarrytown station of the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line is located about 2,000 feet (610 m) from the new bridge's eastern landing. In 2011, the state estimated that a bus connector to the station would cost about $151 million, about 3 percent of the bridge's projected cost.[28] Responding to widespread concerns about the lack of new public transit service, bridge planners agreed only to build one "dedicated express bus lane" in each direction for use during rush hour.[29]
Naming[edit]
During construction, the project's website referred to the crossing as the "New NY Bridge".[30] However, other sources referred to the crossing as the "New Tappan Zee Bridge".[31][32]
Governor Andrew Cuomo was successful in passing legislation to name the bridge after his father, former Governor Mario Cuomo, on June 29, 2017.[33] This has been met with stiff criticism as a Reclaim New York Initiative poll of Rockland and Westchester county residents found only 14.7% of respondents support the new name.[34] Many have cited the timing of the New York State legislature vote at the last session before the summer term ended and the last chance to enact a state budget.[35] As of November 29, 2017, over 100,000 people have signed a Change.org petition called "Return the Cuomo Bridge its original name: The Tappan Zee. That bridge is our history."[36][37]
On December 6, 2017, State Assemblyman Kevin Byrne, a Republican from Mahopac in Putnam County, announced that he would introduce legislation to revert the name of the bridge to "Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge", after former Governor Malcolm Wilson.[38] The old Tappan Zee Bridge had been named for Wilson from 1994 to June 2017.[39]
See also[edit]
Bridges portal
Hudson Valley portal
New York portal
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the Project". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Design Features". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Opening day on new Tappan Zee Bridge shows sleek design, new features". Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ McGeehan, Patrick (January 17, 2006). "A Bridge That Has Nowhere Left to Go". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "NY proposes steep toll increases for new Tappan Zee bridge". Reuters. August 4, 2012. Some alternatives to the Tappan Zee bridge are already more expensive. The George Washington Bridge, which crosses the Hudson River south of the Tappan Zee, has a cash toll of US$12, which is expected to rise to $15 in 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee Bridge has received 'poor' ratings". Poughkeepsie Journal. Gannett News Service. August 3, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (June 2003). "Long List of Level 1 Alternatives". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Zhao, Yilu (July 24, 2003). "From 156 Options, Down to 15 Ways to Go on Tappan Zee". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dept of Transportation; Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (January 2006). "Alternatives Analysis Report, Level 2". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c US Federal Highway Administration (October 13, 2011). "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing Project Scoping Information Packet" (PDF). Retrieved October 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Governor Cuomo Announces Beginning of Formal Construction of the New NY Bridge to Replace Tappan Zee". Office of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. 2014-09-28. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ "New Tappan Zee construction starts". New York Post. Associated Press. 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ Haughney, Christine (October 11, 2011). "U.S. Says It Will Expedite Approval to Replace Deteriorating Tappan Zee Bridge". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011. The state will pay for the project by issuing $3 billion in bonds against its toll revenues; the remaining $2.2 billion will be financed with loans from labor pension funds and the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act.
^ Jump up to: a b DeWitt, Scott Willis, Karen. "Gov. Cuomo Opens Thruway Bridge Across the Hudson Amid Questions About Tolls".
Jump up ^ "About". The New NY Bridge Project. October 12, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee tolls frozen until 2020". News 12 Westchester. News 12 Networks. April 7, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Plotch, Philip Mark. Politics Across the Hudson: The Tappan Zee Megaproject. Rutgers University Press, New Jersey (2015). p. 165-168
Jump up ^ [1] Bloomberg Businessweek, September 25, 2012
Jump up ^ "New York State Advances $3.1 Billion Plan To Replace Tappan Zee Bridge". CBS News New York. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing". October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hudson River PCB Dredging Project". Hudsondredging.com. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the project". New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Massachusetts Department of Transportation. "MassDOT — The Big Dig — Tunnels and Bridges — The Cable-stayed Bridge". Retrieved April 5, 2014. Girders, floor beams and two planes of cables support the bridge's 745-foot-long, 183-foot-wide main span.
Jump up ^ "Crane collapse on Tappan Zee Bridge injures at least 5; all lanes closed in both directions". NY Daily News. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Four Hurt When Crane collapses onto Tappan Zee Bridge". NY Post. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Watch drone video of New York's new Tappan Zee Bridge". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rockland-bound traffic to begin traveling on new Tappan Zee Bridge". ABC7 New York. August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kazis, Noah (July 12, 2012). "Even a Paltry $150M For Tappan Zee Transit Is Too Much For Andrew Cuomo". Streetsblog NYC. OpenPlans. Retrieved August 4, 2012. 'This is a red herring that it’s going to cost $5 billion to do BRT and therefore we’re not going to do anything,' said Jeff Zupan, a senior fellow with the Regional Plan Association.
Jump up ^ Nicosia, Mareesa (August 15, 2012). "New Tappan Zee Bridge: Nyack residents voice traffic, noise, toll concerns". The Journal News. Westchester & Rockland Counties, New York. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2012. [E]ight general-purpose lanes would be flanked on each side by wide shoulders, which would allow emergency vehicles to pass traffic. One shoulder on each side of the bridge would serve as a dedicated express bus lane.
Jump up ^ "The New NY Bridge Project". www.newnybridge.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Tappan Zee Bridge to Open Westbound Side Aug 25, 2017 - Visit Nyack". August 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Views From the New Tappan Zee Bridge".
Jump up ^ Berger, Joseph (August 24, 2017). "Bridge of Grand Ambitions Is Set to Open at the Tappan Zee". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Poll: Downstate residents dislike naming Tappan Zee bridge for Mario Cuomo". Capitol Confidential. 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee Bridge gets new name: The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". Lohud/The Journal News. June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Petition drive to change Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge back to the Tappan Zee". WABC-TV. November 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Conley, Kirstan; Musumeci, Natalie (November 13, 2017). "Thousands sign petition to change Cuomo Bridge back to Tappan Zee". New York Post. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wilson, David McKay (December 6, 2017) "Tax Watch: Lawmaker plans bill to rename Cuomo Bridge as Tappan Zee Bridge" lohud.com
Jump up ^ "Daughter wants to keep Malcolm Wilson's name on Tappan Zee Bridge". Lohud. 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
Further reading
Plotch, Philip Mark (2015). Politics Across the Hudson - The Tappan Zee Megaproject. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-7249-9. Archived from the original on July 17, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present).
The New NY Bridge (official Tappan Zee Bridge replacement project site)
Tappan Zee Bridge/I-287 Environmental Review project site (archived March 15, 2016)
[hide]
Crossings of the Hudson River
Upstream
Haverstraw–Ossining Ferry
New Tappan Zee Bridge
Downstream
George Washington Bridge
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(2017–present)&oldid=815604592"
Categories:
Bridges over the Hudson River
New York State Thruway Authority
Transportation in Rockland County, New York
Transportation in Westchester County, New York
Road bridges in New York (state)
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Cable-stayed bridges in the United States
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