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Michelle Connor
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Michelle Connor
Coronation Street character
Portrayed by
Kym Marsh
Duration
2006–
First appearance
Episode 6262
3 April 2006
Introduced by
Steve November
Spin-off
appearances
"East Street" (2010)
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Barmaid (2006–)
Factory manager (2010–2013)
Pub landlady (2013–2017)
Events planner (2014–)
Restaurant co-owner (2017–)
Home
9 Victoria Court
[show]Family
Father
Barry Connor
Mother
Helen Connor
Brothers
Paul Connor
Liam Connor
Husband
Steve McDonald (2015–2017)
Sons
Ali Neeson
Ruairi McDonald
Adoptive sons
Ryan Connor
Stepdaughters
Amy Barlow
Nephews
Paul Connor Jr.
Liam Connor Jr.
First cousins
Tom Kerrigan
Other relatives
Carla Connor
Aidan Connor
Kate Connor
Johnny Connor
Michelle Connor is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, portrayed by former Hear'Say singer, Kym Marsh. The character first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 3 April 2006. Marsh took maternity leave in January 2011, and the character returned on 3 November 2011.
Michelle's storylines have included a serious relationship with Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson), discovering that her son had been swapped at birth, the death of her eldest brother Paul (Sean Gallagher) in 2007, and the murder of her other brother Liam (Rob James-Collier) in 2008. Other storylines have focused on the relationships with her sisters-in-law, Carla (Alison King) and Maria (Samia Ghadie), her failed engagement to Ciaran McCarthy (Keith Duffy), surviving a minibus crash, becoming pregnant with Steve's baby, learning that Steve has also impregnated Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson) and delivering a stillborn son, Ruairi, a relationship with Robert Preston (Tristan Gemmill), and being kidnapped, tied up and gagged by her ex-boyfriend, Will Chatterton (Leon Ockenden).
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
2 Creation
2.1 Casting
2.2 Characterisation
3 Development
3.1 Maternity leave
3.2 Steve McDonald
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Storylines[edit]
Michelle auditions as a background singer for Vernon Tomlin's (Ian Reddington) band and also gets a job as barmaid at The Rovers Return Inn. She is soon joined by her son, Ryan (Ben Thompson), and her brothers, Paul (Sean Gallagher) and Liam (Rob James-Collier). It is established that Michelle had Ryan when she was a teenager and that Ryan's father, Dean, was killed in a car accident five years before. Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) falls for Michelle immediately but his mother, Liz (Beverley Callard), does not approve of Michelle as Vernon is clearly attracted to her.
When Michelle's sister-in-law, Carla Connor (Alison King), married to Paul, hints that Paul and Liam have a secret, she confronts them. Paul denies it but Liam admits that Paul actually drove on the night Dean died, not him. She lashes out violently at her brothers for hiding Paul's crime and struggles to forgive them but does keep the truth from Ryan. After having a brief fling with Steve, Michelle begins dating Sonny Dhillon (Pal Aron) but ends it after discovering he is bisexual and having an affair with Sean Tully (Antony Cotton). Devastated, Michelle ends her friendship with Sean.
During December 2007, Ryan is followed repeatedly by a man in a blue car. He appears constantly and scares Ryan, who tells Michelle, but initially, the claims fall on deaf ears. On 9 December 2007, the driver starts a conversation with him, using his name. Ryan, frightened, flees to the Rovers and tells his mother and uncle. Liam tries to catch the mystery man but he escapes. He reappears on 17 December and goes to a house in the suburbs. The Connors follow, determined to find out why this man is following Ryan. Michelle rings the doorbell and the door is answered by another 15-year-old, Alex Neeson (Dario Coates). She is horrified to see that the teenage boy in front of her is the image of her late partner, Dean. Her worst fears are confirmed – Alex and Ryan were swapped accidentally just after birth, making Alex Michelle's biological son, not Ryan. Alex later appears in The Kabin and tells Norris Cole (Malcolm Hebden) that his mother would pay for the sweets he wanted. Norris asks who his mother is and Alex tells him his mother's name is Michelle Connor. Later that day, news spreads about Ryan not being Michelle's son and Ryan is not amused when Amber Kalirai (Nikki Patel) comments on it. The police later arrive at The Rovers with Alex. He has been shoplifting and tells them Michelle is his mother. They ask her if this is true and Michelle tells them it is and that it is okay for him to stay at The Rovers. He stays for a couple of weeks, causing problems for everyone, so Ryan moves in with Liam and Maria Connor (Samia Ghadie). He "loses" Steve's daughter Amy Barlow (Amber Chadwick) and barricades himself in the pub, but Michelle cannot not bring herself to send him back to his adoptive mother, Wendy Neeson (Jane Slavin). She meets Alex again and has taken him to Ireland to meet his grandparents. She later tells Alex and his family that she cannot have Alex in her life because Ryan is her son.
Michelle's remaining brother, Liam, dies in a hit-and-run accident arranged by Tony Gordon (Gray O'Brien). Michelle is distraught, especially as her brother, Paul, also died in a car accident just over a year before. Michelle attends Tony and Carla's wedding and later discovers that Liam had an affair with Carla as Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor) drunkenly tells Maria. This infuriates her and she confides in Michelle and Tom Kerrigan (Philip McGinley), confusing them as they thought she had the wrong idea about the situation. Steve has a drunken one-night stand with Becky Granger (Katherine Kelly), following a dispute with Michelle. He doesn't tell Michelle but she becomes suspicious when Steve and his best friend Lloyd Mullaney (Craig Charles) are nervous when she's around. Liz tells Michelle that Steve is good friends with Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson), so she blames her, as she knows that Steve has had a one-night stand. Steve tells her that he is in love with Becky and Michelle ends their relationship. After the break-up, Michelle quits her job at The Rovers as she and Ryan move in with Maria.
Michelle leaves to do another tour with JD for six months. The night before she left, she sleeps with Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) and Michelle and Ryan walk in on Maria and Tony kissing and furiously storm out. She later apologises to Maria and helps her tell Michelle's parents, Helen (Dearbhla Molloy) and Barry Connor (Frank Grimes) about her new relationship. She returns in early September and has a brief fling with builder Jake Harman (Kenny Doughty). Michelle catches the eye of Rovers colleague, Ciaran McCarthy (Keith Duffy), who rentlessly pursues her, despite Michelle giving him the cold shoulder in an attempt to mask her true feelings. Ciaran is leaving for a cruise and persuades her to go too and she accepts. 10 months later, Michelle and Ciaran return and are shocked when a shaken Carla tells her that while she was away, her partner, Frank Foster (Andrew Lancel), raped her and that he is on bail, awaiting trial. Michelle and Ciaran help Carla cope and persuade her not to sell the factory because of Frank's lies. Carla eventually returns to work, much to Ciaran and Michelle's relief but Underworld suffers as Carla struggles, and Michelle gratefully accepts help from Nick Tilsley (Ben Price). Michelle and Ciaran's romance also suffers as they realise that they want different things and Ciaran has doubts about Michelle. Ciaran tells Michelle that he is returning to the cruise ships and Michelle decides to go too but changes her mind, feeling that she can't leave Carla. Michelle tells Ciaran she will always love him and tearfully watches as Ciaran leaves.
Michelle steals a contract from Carla's ex-partner, Frank, to stop him putting Carla out of business. When Frank is found dead in the Underworld Factory, everyone is a suspect and Carla is arrested on suspicion of murder but is released without charge. Michelle worries that she will be arrested because she went to see Frank, and stole the contract, shortly before he was killed but doesn't admit what she's done until after Frank's mother, Anne Foster (Gwen Taylor), accuses Carla. Michelle later tells Carla what she did and Carla burns the contract. Carla later persuades Anne to tell the police that she killed Frank accidentally after she heard Frank taunting Carla and admitting that he raped her.
A few months later, Carla's younger brother, Rob Donovan (Marc Baylis), arrives and starts work at Underworld with Michelle and Carla. In July, Michelle is overjoyed when Ryan (now played by Sol Heras) returns from university but is angered when he sets fire to Steve's bum while helping Sophie Webster (Brooke Vincent) paint the house. Further questioning by Michelle forces Ryan to admit that he was expelled for taking drugs. Michelle takes Ryan to work with Kirk at the factory. However, when alone, Ryan fakes an injury to get time off and Michelle thinks that he is really hurt so she and Rob take him to hospital. Later, Ryan tells her that he plans to sue and Michelle tries to talk him out of it but he is unmoved, insisting that he will do it anyway. Michelle eventually realises that Ryan is lying when Rob and Eva Price (Catherine Tyldesley) expose his deceit by making sure she sees him doing a dance.
On a night out, Ryan offers Kylie Platt (Paula Lane) some cocaine but she turns him down in disgust and tells Michelle but he insists that Kylie offered him the cocaine. However, Michelle later finds Ryan snorting cocaine in The Rovers toilets and is livid. To make him realise what he is doing, she calls the police and has him arrested but he is released with a caution. Michelle and Kylie almost fight in the street but are stopped by Lloyd and Gail McIntyre (Helen Worth). Steve begins helping Ryan so that Michelle will go out with him. She eventually does, they reunite and rent the flat above the kebab shop. When Michelle's sister-in-law, Carla, gives Peter Barlow a share in Underworld, Michelle is wary of Peter destroying the factory, like he did the bookies. After arguing repeatedly with Peter, Michelle quits and goes to work at The Rovers. Steve later announces that he has bought The Rovers from Stella Price (Michelle Collins) and intends to make Michelle landlady. However, he doesn't mention that his mother, Liz, owns half of the pub. She returns to Weatherfield and resumes her place as landlady. Michelle moves into the pub with Steve, Liz and Amy (now played by Elle Mulvaney). Michelle and Carla reconcile but she stays at The Rovers and is replaced by Eva at Underworld.
In January 2015, Steve is diagnosed with clinical depression and not wanting to burden Michelle, he decides to end their relationship without explanation. This leads Michelle to believe that he does not love her anymore so she goes on a date with a client from her party planning business, Hamish Young (James Redmond). Whilst driving the Underworld staff to an awards' ceremony, Steve is chased by some boy racers who eventually cut him up and cause him to swerve. Steve crashes the minibus, leaving the staff trapped in the wreckage. Michelle escapes and goes to find Steve, much to the other passengers' worry. Whilst at the hospital, Steve tells Michelle that he has depression and that this is the reason why he ended their relationship. Michelle promises to help him recover.
In March, Michelle discovers that Steve owes £10,000 in tax which he had been ignoring. Liz's boyfriend, Tony Stewart (Terence Maynard) offers to lend him the money to clear his debt, but after starting an affair with Tracy, the couple plan to take The Rovers from the McDonalds' so Tony tells Steve that he needs his money back. Subsequently, Steve proposes to Michelle but is convinced that she doesn't really want to marry him, and only said yes out of pity, so he calls off the engagement. Later, Steve finds a candlelight dinner prepared and assumes that Tony has prepared the meal for Liz, and calls Tony out in front of the entire Rovers at the Butler Auction. Michelle then confesses that it was actually her who prepared it for them, and calls Steve up onto the stage to explain that she had said yes because she loves him. Michelle then proposes to Steve, getting the engagement back on track.
In May, after some persuasion from Liz, a reluctant Steve agrees to sell his share of The Rovers to a company called "Travis Limited", who, is actually Tony. Tony then persuades Liz to sell her share to Travis Ltd, in order to start a new life in Spain. However, Carla steps in and offers to buy Liz's share, so Michelle no longer has to worry about being kicked out of their home, and Liz accepts as Carla promises to keep Steve and Michelle as the pub managers. Liz then learns about Tony and Tracy's affair so she stops the sale. In May 2015, Steve and Michelle finally marry. In late 2015, Liz persuades Tony to give their relationship another go but only does this to make him sign The Rovers over to Steve. Once he has done this, she dumps Tony in front of the whole pub and he leaves, humiliated. Michelle is overjoyed, because The Rovers is hers again.
In 2015, Steve leaves Weatherfield for a while. Michelle stays as she has too much work on, including planning a wedding for a client named Saskia. Saskia introduces her fiancé, Will Chatterton (Leon Ockenden), to Michelle. She is surprised as Will was Michelle's first boyfriend. Michelle and Will spend time together and develop feelings for each other. Michelle tries to back away from Will by refusing to organise the wedding, then getting help so she does not have to deal directly with the couple but this does not work. Michelle and Will acknowledge their feelings for each other. When Steve does not come home for Michelle's 40th birthday, Michelle goes to Will's home and they kiss. As Michelle and Will are about to sleep together, Michelle sees photos of Will and Saskia and leaves. Michelle goes home and finds Steve has come home. Michelle tells Carla about what happened with her and Will and he tells Michelle that he has called off his wedding for her but Michelle tells Will that she loves Steve. Michelle tells Liz about kissing Will. Liz tells Michelle not to ruin her marriage over it but Saskia tells Michelle to stay away from Will. Steve is shocked but later forgives Michelle and they reconcile. Michelle discovers she is pregnant but Steve then says he does not any more children, unaware that Leanne is also pregnant as a result of a one-night stand during Steve and Michelle's separation over Will.
In January 2017, Michelle falls ill at her and Leanne's shared baby shower moments after Robert Preston (Tristan Gemmill) confesses his love for her. She is rushed to hospital and is kept overnight. However, in the morning Michelle goes into labour after a 23-week-long pregnancy and gives birth to a baby boy, whom she and Steve name Ruairi. Ruairi is not breathing and due to the hospital's policy of not intervening before 24 weeks, he dies. This leaves Michelle devastated, and she contemplates suicide in order to be with Ruairi, but is talked out of it by Robert. In February 2017, Leanne gives birth in an elevator, with Michelle visiting her newborn baby, Oliver. At Oliver's welcome home party at the Bistro, Steve holds Oliver and reveals that he is Oliver's biological father. Michelle is initially furious and punches Leanne, however is distraught at Steve for betrayal her. Michelle throws glasses at Steve at front of everybody at The Rovers. Michelle then discovers Liz knew the truth. Steve begs Michelle to forgive him but Michelle tells Steve that he kills their marriage before leaves and orders Steve to not follow her. The following week Michelle locks Steve and Liz out of the pub, she then grabs Eva by the hair and kicks her out after Eva refuses to leave. A few weeks later she kisses Leanne's boyfriend Nick after they talk about Leanne and Steve being together. Michelle goes to spend a few days with Carla, until things calm down.
When she returns, Steve arranged for him and Michelle to go for a marriage counseling session. After initially agreeing to go, she changes her mind after Robert's confession of his love to her. They have sex together back at Robert's flat, however Steve finds out about their relationship. He is furious and threatens to fight her for the divorce. When Steve mentions that Michelle is still wearing her wedding ring, thinking that she doesn't want a divorce, she hits back that she only wears her wedding ring to remind her of how much she hated him. She angrily throws her ring at Steve and declares war on him, promising she will do whatever it takes to get half of everything, and she moves out of The Rovers and moves in with Robert for romance and business. In August 2017, Will returns to Weatherfield as a potential love interest for Maria, while Michelle is left shaken after witnessing Chesney Brown (Sam Aston) being stabbed with a glass bottle in the bistro by one of Robert's former drug dealers, Rich Collis (Fraser Ayres). A vendetta is later started against Robert, and Michelle is convinced that Rich is behind it. After going into town for a drink, Michelle's drink is drugged and she is kidnapped, tied up, gagged and left in the boot of a car in a nearby car park. The following morning, she is found by a woman in a state of complete distress and gives a statement to the police describing what happened. A few days later, Michelle does a drug test and is told that Rohypnol was used to abduct her. Robert believes that Rich is behind Michelle's kidnap and brutally beats him up, leaving him in a critical condition and Robert facing a court hearing. Everyone is unaware, however, that Will was behind the kidnap and is stalking Michelle. She later however finds out and he is found guilty.
In November 2017, after Robert is released from prison he is diagnosed with testicular cancer leaving Michelle distraught. Robert struggles with the diagnosis badly and begins gambling, running the bistro into large debts. Due to this, Michelle robs the bistro but is hit over the head by Kate who doesn’t know it is her. Later on after recovering from the head injury Michelle visits Kate and pretends to be innocent however Kate knows she was the robber, Michelle however starts to blackmail Kate as she knows about her affair with Rana Habeeb (Bhavna Limbachia).
In February 2018, Michelle cuts her hand and goes to the medical centre and meets a trainee doctor named Ali (James Burrows), whom she discovers is her son Alex, who is bitter at Michelle for not being in contact with him for years. They gradually start patching their relationship up. Robert proposes to Michelle, which she accepts and they start to plan their wedding. In May, Michelle is distraught when Aidan commits suicide and considers postponing the wedding but doesn’t even though Robert has a heart attack due to steroid use as well. Ryan (now played by Ryan Prescott) flies from Ibiza back to Weatherfield for the wedding and doesn’t get along with Ali, which upsets Michelle.
Creation[edit]
Casting[edit]
The character of Michelle was first created as a cameo appearance for singer/actress Kym Marsh with the possibility of returning. She was later signed up to return on a more permanent basis. Of the decision to become a regular on the show, Marsh said: "If anybody had told me I'd end up starring in Coronation Street one day, I'd have laughed and told them to shut up. I've always said this would be my dream job. My mum has watched the show for years so I've grown up with it."[1] In June 2008, Marsh signed a contract for £100,000 after keen producers nearly doubled her salary to keep her as part of the show. Marsh stated she wanted to be on the show for a long time.[2][3]
The Inside Soap Magazine announced that a Coronation Street spokesperson had denied reports that Kym Marsh is leaving the show to go to Hollywood. Despite confirmation that her boyfriend Jamie Lomas is heading to LA, Kym will be staying put.[4] With Kym confirming herself that she had just signed another one-year contract. Of the decision to stay, Marsh said: "I am absolutely delighted about it. It's not necessarily always my decision. I mean, if the producers don't want you, you're out. I'm lucky the writers feel that they can still write for my character, Michelle Connor, after doing so for three years."[5] Marsh said she is unsure about her future in Coronation Street.[6] Speaking to PA, Marsh said that she is unsure of what plans producers have for her and that she will have to wait until 2012 to see what happens. She said she would like to stay and added that she is excited to see how the story develops for her character.[6]
Characterisation[edit]
Michelle's character has a multi-faceted personality. of this actress Kym Marsh said: "The good thing about playing a character like her, she's got so many sides. She can be a bitch, she can be sensitive and she can be feisty too. She's just so well-rounded – there's plenty more mileage left in her."[5] Marsh also discussed her character's personality during an interview with Inside Soap magazine stating that she thinks her character has a more devious side because she is part of the Connor family. Going on to say that her character has got quite a temper on her and that she enjoys portraying her tough side.[7]
During a magazine interview Marsh spoke about the effect her relationship with Steve had on her character stating: "I'd like to see a lot more of the old, feisty Michelle. She became a bit too dependent on Steve and now she is an independent woman again I think she needs a bit of a challenge."[5] Of her character's relationship with Peter, Marsh stated: "I think it might be interesting to see where things might go with Peter Barlow. Peter's quite a deep character. He's got a lot of layers, some good and some bad." Going on to comment about wanting her character to be more feisty unlike when she was with Steve explaining: "I think she is suited to Peter because there's bound to be drama. He's not exactly got the best track record."[5]
Development[edit]
Maternity leave[edit]
On 5 December 2008, Kym Marsh announced that she and boyfriend Jamie Lomas were expecting a baby. She was due to go on maternity leave in June 2009[8] and return at the beginning of 2010. On 12 February 2009, Marsh's son was born 18 weeks early and died shortly after birth. On 27 February 2009, it was revealed that Marsh had returned to filming earlier in the week.[9] Marsh's second pregnancy was announced in 2010 and she took maternity leave in January 2011. It was confirmed in July 2011 that she would return to filming in September 2011. Upon her return in November 2011, Michelle announced that she was engaged to Ciaran, she learns of Carla's rape ordeal culminating in confronting Frank and taking charge of Underworld.
Steve McDonald[edit]
In January 2015, it was revealed that Michelle would reunite Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) in the aftermath of the upcoming mini bus crash storyline.[10] It was also confirmed that Michelle and Steve would be the next Weatherfield couple to tie the knot. Speaking of this Marsh said; "I'm delighted, absolutely delighted. It'll be weird after being Michelle Connor for nearly nine years, but it totally makes sense for us as characters. Simon and I love working together, and nobody likes to see us broken up." It was also revealed that Michelle would get "feisty" again when her Steve is blamed for the mini-bus crash.[11]
Kym Marsh also revealed that Michelle and Steve's mum Liz would clash over the best course of action for Steve. With Michelle now focused solely on helping Steve to get better with his depression following their reconciliation, she faces opposition from his mum Liz as it becomes apparent that they have very different approaches. While Liz adopts a "tough love" approach with her son, Michelle thinks they should tread more carefully around him, worried about his vulnerable state. Marsh said: "They both obviously want to help Steve but because both of them are so worried about him and love him so much - they both want to help him in their own way. Understandably they clash as they're both so concerned about him. They both have different approaches - Liz is more of the tough love approach and tries to get Steve up and doing things, whereas Michelle is much more trying the softly-softly approach." Marsh added: "Liz doesn't think it's the best way because Michelle is so protective of Steve and doesn't want to hurt or upset him. After everything that's happened with the crash, Michelle thinks they should go easy on him." Despite the disagreement, Marsh believed that the pair would be able to put their differences aside eventually in order to work together to help Steve.[12]
Reception[edit]
As Michelle settled into the canvas, she became an increasingly large focus of storylines as well as airtime. In 2007, Kym Marsh won a number of awards for her work as Michelle. At the 2007 TV Quick and TV Choice Awards, she won the Best Soap Newcomer award for her portrayal of Michelle.[13] She also won 'Best Newcomer' at The British Soap Awards.[14] However, in 2008, as the character dominated more storylines, some fans began to tire of her as well as her behaviour.[15] The baby-swap storyline, which Michelle was central to, was largely panned by both fans and critics, columnist Grace Dent said of the plot; "...It feels like something ripped from a copy of Pick Me Up magazine and read to me laboriously over 22 weeks".[16] In September 2008, Marsh won the award for 'Best Dressed Soap Star' at the Inside Soap Awards.[17] In August 2017, Marsh was longlisted for Best Actress at the Inside Soap Awards, while the death of Michelle and Steve's son was longlisted for Best Show-Stopper.[18] While Marsh was not shortlisted for Best Actress, the nomination for Best Show-Stopper made its shortlist.[19] They lost out to Emmerdale's motorway crash.[20]
In 2009 Ruth Deller of entertainment website Lowculture who runs a monthly feature of the most popular and unpopular soap opera characters, profiled Michelle, criticising her personality stating: "She’s continuing to get more and more entitled and unbearable, but we’re not sure the Coronation Street writers have noticed how much we all hate her yet…"[21] Later that year Deller criticised Michelle again stating: "It really is the month for all our old hate figures to resurface. Michelle’s still apparently irresistible, and her hatefulness was amplified when the show paired her up with the equally detestable Jake. Do the writers realise we hate her? Are they deliberately torturing us? It’s beginning to look more and more the case…"[22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Inside Soap Magazine: 29 April – 5 May 2006 Issue. London: Hachette Filipacchi (UK). April 2006. p. 45.
Jump up ^ Online Reporter (19 June 2008). "Corrie Kym doubles salary". The Sun. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Kris Green (19 June 2008). "Soaps – News – Ryder signs £100,000 Corrie contract". DigitalSpy. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Nicole Carmichael (April 2009). "News". Inside Soap Magazine: 28 March – 3 April 2009 Issue. England. p. 19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d The People: Take it Easy Magazine: 10 May 2009 Issue. London: MGN Ltd. May 2009. pp. 22, 23.
^ Jump up to: a b Silverstein, Adam (1 January 2012). "Kym Marsh unsure over 'Coronation Street' future". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Inside Soap Yearbook: 2009 Issue. London: Hachette Filipacchi (UK). April 2006. p. 71.
Jump up ^ Kris Green (5 December 2008). "Kym Marsh announces pregnancy". DigitalSpy. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Sara Nathan (27 February 2009). "Brave Kym is back on Corrie set". The Sun. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a620932/coronation-street-minibus-crash-aftermath-revealed.html#~psegQZwCFzegZe
Jump up ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a621584/coronation-streets-kym-marsh-on-crash-fallout-michelle-gets-feisty.html#~psehwb4IoIK0r3
Jump up ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a624607/coronation-streets-kym-marsh-michelle-and-liz-will-clash-over-steve.html#~psehW0rngc6ro5
Jump up ^ Jason Deans (4 September 2007). "Coronation Street leads ITV awards success". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
Jump up ^ Glenda (27 May 2007). "British Soap Awards – and the winner is Corrie, Corrie, Corrie!". Corrie Blog. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Sue (23 July 2008). "Yay or nay – have you got anything nice to say about Michelle Connor?". Corrie Blog. Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Grace Dent (8 March 2008). "Grace Dent's world of lather". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Daily Mail Reporter (30 September 2008). "Bubbly soap stars put aside their red-carpet rivalry to party hard after awards bash". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Harp, Justin (22 August 2017). "Coronation Street, EastEnders, Emmerdale and Hollyoaks all make the Inside Soap Awards longlist". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Kilkelly, Daniel (31 October 2017). "Inside Soap Awards 2017 shortlist revealed – which Corrie, EastEnders, Emmerdale and Hollyoaks stars are up for prizes?". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Dainty, Sophie (6 November 2017). "Emmerdale wins best soap at the Inside Soap Awards for the third year running". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Deller, Ruth (28 February 2009). "Soapstar Superstars: February". Lowculture. Archived from the original on 9 September 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
Jump up ^ Deller, Ruth (30 November 2009). "Soapstar Superstars: November". Lowculture. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
External links[edit]
Michelle Connor at itv.com
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Present and future characters
Ken Barlow
Rita Sullivan
Peter Barlow
Gail McIntyre
Tracy Barlow
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Kevin Webster
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Rosie Webster
David Platt
Norris Cole
Sophie Webster
Roy Cropper
Leanne Battersby
Toyah Battersby
Tyrone Dobbs
Dev Alahan
Eileen Grimshaw
Maria Connor
Kirk Sutherland
Bethany Platt
Adam Barlow
Fiz Brown
Simon Barlow
Sean Tully
Chesney Brown
Amy Barlow
Michelle Connor
Ryan Connor
Carla Connor
Gary Windass
Mary Taylor
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Faye Windass
Eva Price
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Pat Phelan
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Harpy eagle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the harpy eagle of the Americas. For the harpy eagle of New Guinea, see Papuan eagle.
Harpy eagle
Conservation status

Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Harpiinae
Genus: Harpia
Vieillot, 1816
Species: H. harpyja
Binomial name
Harpia harpyja
(Linnaeus, 1758)
The harpy eagle is rare throughout its range, which extends from Mexico to Brazil (throughout its territory)[2] and Argentina (Only the north).
The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is a neotropical species of eagle. It is also called the American harpy eagle to distinguish it from the Papuan eagle, which is sometimes known as the New Guinea harpy eagle or Papuan harpy eagle.[3] It is the largest and most powerful raptor found in the rainforest,[4] and among the largest extant species of eagles in the world. It usually inhabits tropical lowland rainforests in the upper (emergent) canopy layer. Destruction of its natural habitat has caused it to vanish from many parts of its former range, and it is nearly extirpated in Central America. In Brazil, the harpy eagle is also known as royal-hawk (in Portuguese: gavião-real).[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Taxonomy
2 Description
3 Distribution and habitat
4 Behavior
4.1 Feeding
4.2 Breeding
5 Status and conservation
5.1 National initiatives
6 Popular culture
7 References
8 External links
Taxonomy[edit]
The harpy eagle was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae in 1758 as Vultur harpyja,[6] after the mythological beast harpy. The only member of the genus Harpia, the harpy eagle is most closely related to the crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis) and the New Guinea harpy eagle (Harpyopsis novaeguineae), the three composing the subfamily Harpiinae within the large family Accipitridae. Previously thought to be related, the Philippine eagle has been shown by DNA analysis to belong elsewhere in the raptor family, as it is related to the Circaetinae.[7]
The species name harpyja and the word harpy in the common name harpy eagle both come from Ancient Greek hárpuia (ἅρπυια). They refer to the Harpies of Ancient Greek mythology. These were wind spirits that took the dead to Hades, and were said to have a body like an eagle and the face of a human.[8]
Description[edit]
The upper side of the harpy eagle is covered with slate-black feathers, and the underside is mostly white, except for the feathered tarsi, which are striped black. A broad black band across the upper breast separates the gray head from the white belly. The head is pale grey, and is crowned with a double crest. The upper side of the tail is black with three gray bands, while the underside of it is black with three white bands. The iris is gray or brown or red, the cere and bill are black or blackish and the tarsi and toes are yellow. The plumage of males and females are identical. The tarsus is up to 13 cm (5.1 in) long.[9][10]
Female harpy eagles typically weigh 6 to 9 kg (13 to 20 lb).[9][11] One source states that adult females can weigh up to 10 kg (22 lb).[12] An exceptionally large captive female, "Jezebel", weighed 12.3 kg (27 lb).[13] Being captive, this large female may not be representative of the weight possible in wild harpy eagles due to differences in the food availability.[14][15] The male, in comparison, is much smaller and weighs only about 4 to 4.8 kg (8.8 to 10.6 lb).[9][11] Harpy eagles are 86.5–107 cm (2 ft 10 in–3 ft 6 in) long[10][11] and have a wingspan of 176 to 224 cm (5 ft 9 in to 7 ft 4 in).[9][10] Among the standard measurements, the wing chord measures 54–63 cm (1 ft 9 in–2 ft 1 in), the tail measures 37–42 cm (1 ft 3 in–1 ft 5 in), the tarsus is 11.4–13 cm (4.5–5.1 in) long, and the exposed culmen from the cere is 4.2 to 6.5 cm (1.7 to 2.6 in).[9][16][17]
Upper body of an adult in captivity
It is sometimes cited as the largest eagle alongside the Philippine eagle, which is somewhat longer on average, and the Steller's sea eagle, which is slightly heavier on average.[8] The wingspan of the harpy eagle is relatively small, an adaptation that increases maneuverability in forested habitats and is shared by other raptors in similar habitats. The wingspan of the harpy eagle is surpassed by several large eagles who live in more open habitats, such as those in the Haliaeetus and Aquila genera.[9] The extinct Haast's eagle was significantly larger than all extant eagles, including the harpy.[18]
This species is largely silent away from the nest. There, the adults give a penetrating, weak, melancholy scream, with the incubating males' call described as "whispy screaming or wailing".[19] The females' calls while incubating are similar, but are lower-pitched. While approaching the nest with food, the male calls out "rapid chirps, goose-like calls, and occasional sharp screams". Vocalization in both parents decreases as the nestlings age, while the nestlings become more vocal. The nestlings call chi-chi-chi...chi-chi-chi-chi, seemingly in alarm in response to rain or direct sunlight. When humans approach the nest, the nestlings have been described as uttering croaks, quacks, and whistles.[20]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Rare throughout its range, the harpy eagle is found from Mexico (almost extinct), through Central America and into South America to as far south as Argentina. The eagle is most common in Brazil, where it is found across the entire national territory.[21] With the exception of some areas of Panama, the species is almost extinct in Central America, subsequent to the logging of much of the rainforest there.[22] The harpy eagle inhabits tropical lowland rainforests and may occur within such areas from the canopy to the emergent vegetation. They typically occur below an elevation of 900 m (3,000 ft), but have been recorded at elevations up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).[1] Within the rainforest, they hunt in the canopy or sometimes on the ground, and perch on emergent trees looking for prey. They do not generally occur in disturbed areas, but regularly visit semiopen forest/pasture mosaic, mainly in hunting forays.[23] Harpies, however, can be found flying over forest borders in a variety of habitats, such as cerrados, caatingas, buriti palm stands, cultivated fields, and cities.[24] They have been found in areas where high-grade forestry is practiced.
Behavior[edit]
Feeding[edit]
Feeding at Zoo Miami, USA
Adults are near the top of a food chain and are rarely preyed on.[25] However, individuals are known to have been taken by jaguars and the much smaller ocelot [26] Its main prey are tree-dwelling mammals and a majority of the diet has been shown to focus on sloths[27] and monkeys. Research conducted by Aguiar-Silva between 2003 and 2005 in a nesting site in Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil, collected remains from prey offered to the nestling by its parents and after sorting them, concluded, in terms of individuals preyed upon, the harpy's prey basis was composed in 79% by sloths from two species: Bradypus variegatus amounting to 39% of the individual prey base, and Choloepus didactylus to 40%; various monkeys amounted to 11.6% of the same prey base.[28] In a similar research venture in Panama, where a couple of captive-bred subadults was released, 52% of the male's captures and 54% of the female's were of two sloth species (Bradypus variegatus and Choloepus hoffmanni).[29] At one Venezuelan nest, the remains comprised sloths. Monkeys regularly taken can include capuchin monkeys, saki monkeys, howler monkeys, titi monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and spider monkeys. Smaller monkeys, such as tamarins and marmosets, are seemingly ignored as prey by this species.[9] At several nest in Guyana, monkeys made up about 37% of the prey remains found at the nests.[30] Similarly, cebid monkeys made up 35% of the remains found at 10 nests in Amazonian Ecuador.[31] Other partially arboreal and even land mammals are also preyed on given the opportunity, including porcupines, squirrels, opossums, anteaters, armadillos, and even relatively large carnivores such as kinkajous, coatis, and tayras.[9] In the Pantanal, a pair of nesting eagles preyed largely on the porcupine (Coendou prehensilis) and the agouti (Dasyprocta azarae).[32] The eagle may also attack bird species such as macaws: At the Parintins research site, the red-and-green macaw made up for 0.4% of the prey base, with other birds amounting to 4.6%.[28]" [33] Other parrots have also been preyed on, as well as cracids such as curassows and other birds like seriemas.[9] Additional prey items reported include reptiles such as iguanas, tejus, and snakes.[9][34]
The eagle has been recorded as taking domestic livestock, including chickens, lambs, goats, and young pigs, but this is extremely rare under normal circumstances.[9] They control the population of mesopredators such as capuchin monkeys which prey extensively on bird's eggs and which (if not naturally controlled) may cause local extinctions of sensitive species.[35]
Harpy eagle in flight
All of the Harpy eagle prey weight between 0.3 kg to 6.5 kg, with the mean prey size equaling 2.6 kg+/-0.82 kg [36] They possess the largest talons of any living eagle. They have been recorded as lifting prey up to equal their own body weight.[9] That allows the birds to snatch a live sloth from tree branches, as well as other huge prey items. Males usually take relatively smaller prey, with a typical range of 0.5 to 2.5 kg (1.1 to 5.5 lb) or about half their own weight.[9] The larger females take larger prey, with a minimum recorded prey weight of around 2.7 kg (6.0 lb). Adult female harpies regularly grab large male howler or spider monkeys or mature sloths weighing 6 to 9 kg (13 to 20 lb) in flight and fly off without landing, an enormous feat of strength.[9][37][38] Prey items taken to the nest by the parents are normally medium-sized, having been recorded from 1 to 4 kg (2.2 to 8.8 lb).[9] The prey brought to the nest by males averaged 1.5 kg (3.3 lb), while the prey brought to the nest by females averaged 3.2 kg (7.1 lb).[20]
Sometimes, harpy eagles are "sit-and-wait" predators (common in forest-dwelling raptors).[9] In harpies, this consists of perching and watching for long times from a high perch near an opening, a river, or a salt-lick (where many mammals go to feed for nutrients).[9] The more common hunting technique of the species is perch-hunting, which consists of scanning around for prey activity while briefly perched between short flights from tree to tree.[9] When prey is spotted, the eagle quickly dives and grabs the prey.[9] On occasion, they may also hunt by flying within or above the canopy.[9] They have also been observed tail-chasing, a predation style common to hawks that hunt birds, the genus Accipiter.[9] This comprises the eagle pursuing another bird in flight, rapidly dodging among trees and branches.[9]
Breeding[edit]
In ideal habitats, nests would be fairly close together. In some parts of Panama and Guyana, active nests were located 3 km (1.9 mi) away from one another, while they are within 5 km (3.1 mi) of each other in Venezuela. In Peru, the average distance between nests was 7.4 km (4.6 mi) and the average area occupied by each breeding pairs was estimated at 4,300 ha (11,000 acres). In less ideal areas, with fragmented forest, breeding territories were estimated at 25 km (16 mi).[34] The female harpy eagle lays two white eggs in a large stick nest, which commonly measures 1.2 m (3.9 ft) deep and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) across and may be used over several years. Nests are located high up in a tree, usually in the main fork, at 16 to 43 m (52 to 141 ft), depending on the stature of the local trees. The harpy often builds its nest in the crown of the kapok tree, one of the tallest trees in South America. In many South American cultures, it is considered bad luck to cut down the kapok tree, which may help safeguard the habitat of this stately eagle.[39] The bird also uses other huge trees on which to build its nest, such as the Brazil nut tree.[40] A nesting site found in the Brazilian Pantanal was built on a cambará tree (Vochysia divergens).[41]
No display is known between pairs of eagles, and they are believed to mate for life. A pair of harpy eagles usually only raises one chick every 2–3 years. After the first chick hatches, the second egg is ignored and normally fails to hatch unless the first egg perishes. The egg is incubated around 56 days. When the chick is 36 days old, it can stand and walk awkwardly. The chick fledges at the age of 6 months, but the parents continue to feed it for another 6 to 10 months. The male captures much of the food for the incubating female and later the eaglet, but also takes an incubating shift while the female forages and also brings prey back to the nest. Breeding maturity is not reached until birds are 4 to 6 years of age.[9][20][23] Adults can be aggressive toward humans who disturb the nesting site or appear to be a threat to its young.[42]
Status and conservation[edit]
Subadult, "Panama", in Belize Zoo
Although the harpy eagle still occurs over a considerable range, its distribution and populations have dwindled considerably. It is threatened primarily by habitat loss due to the expansion of logging, cattle ranching, agriculture, and prospecting. Secondarily, it is threatened by being hunted as an actual threat to livestock and/or a supposed one to human life, due to its great size.[43] Although not actually known to prey on humans and only rarely on domestic stock, the species' large size and nearly fearless behavior around humans reportedly make it an "irresistible target" for hunters.[34] Such threats apply throughout its range, in large parts of which the bird has become a transient sight only; in Brazil, it was all but wiped out from the Atlantic rainforest and is only found in appreciable numbers in the most remote parts of the Amazon basin; a Brazilian journalistic account of the mid-1990s already complained that at the time it was only found in significant numbers in Brazilian territory on the northern side of the Equator.[44] Scientific 1990s records, however, suggest that the harpy Atlantic Forest population may be migratory.[45] Subsequent research in Brazil has established that, as of 2009, the harpy eagle, outside the Brazilian Amazon, is critically endangered in Espírito Santo,[46] São Paulo and Paraná, endangered in Rio de Janeiro, and probably extirpated in Rio Grande do Sul (where there is a recent (March 2015) record for the Parque Estadual do Turvo)[1] and Minas Gerais[47] – the actual size of their total population in Brazil is unknown.[48]
Globally, the harpy eagle is considered Near Threatened by IUCN[1] and threatened with extinction by CITES (appendix I). The Peregrine Fund until recently considered it a "conservation-dependent species", meaning it depends on a dedicated effort for captive breeding and release to the wild, as well as habitat protection, to prevent it from reaching endangered status, but now has accepted the Near Threatened status. The harpy eagle is considered critically endangered in Mexico and Central America, where it has been extirpated in most of its former range; in Mexico, it used to be found as far north as Veracruz, but today probably occurs only in Chiapas in the Selva Zoque. It is considered as Near Threatened or Vulnerable in most of the South American portion of its range; at the southern extreme of its range, in Argentina, it is found only in the Parana Valley forests at the province of Misiones.[49][50] It has disappeared from El Salvador, and almost so from Costa Rica.[22]
National initiatives[edit]
Adult at São Paulo Zoo, Brazil
Various initiatives for restoration of the species are in place in various countries. Since 2002, Peregrine Fund initiated a conservation and research program for the harpy eagle in the Darién Provinceboom .[51] A similar—and grander, given the dimensions of the countries involved—research project is occurring in Brazil, at the National Institute of Amazonian Research, through which 45 known nesting locations (updated to 62, only three outside the Amazonian basin and all three inactive) are being monitored by researchers and volunteers from local communities. A harpy eagle chick has been fitted with a radio transmitter that allows it to be tracked for more than three years via a satellite signal sent to the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research.[52] Also, a photographic recording of a nest site in the Carajás National Forest was made for the Brazilian edition of National Geographic Magazine.[53]
Adult in Belize
In Belize, the Belize Harpy Eagle Restoration Project began in 2003 with the collaboration of Sharon Matola, founder and director of the Belize Zoo and the Peregrine Fund. The goal of this project was the re-establishment of the harpy eagle within Belize. The population of the eagle declined as a result of forest fragmentation, shooting, and nest destruction, resulting in near extirpation of the species. Captive-bred harpy eagles were released in the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area in Belize, chosen for its quality forest habitat and linkages with Guatemala and Mexico. Habitat linkage with Guatemala and Mexico were important for conservation of quality habitat and the harpy eagle on a regional level. As of November 2009, 14 harpy eagles have been released and are monitored by the Peregrine Fund, through satellite telemetry.[54]
In January 2009, a chick from the all-but-extirpated population in the Brazilian state of Paraná was hatched in captivity at the preserve kept in the vicinity of the Itaipu Dam by the Brazilian/Paraguayan state-owned company Itaipu Binacional.[55] In September 2009, an adult female, after being kept captive for 12 years in a private reservation, was fitted with a radio transmitter before being restored to the wild in the vicinity of the Pau Brasil National Park (formerly Monte Pascoal NP), in the state of Bahia.[56]
In December 2009, a 15th harpy eagle was released into the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area in Belize. The release was set to tie in with the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009, in Copenhagen. The 15th eagle, nicknamed "Hope" by the Peregrine officials in Panama, was the "poster child" for forest conservation in Belize, a developing country, and the importance of these activities in relation to climate change. The event received coverage from Belize's major media entities, and was supported and attended by the U.S. Ambassador to Belize, Vinai Thummalapally, and British High Commissioner to Belize, Pat Ashworth.[57]
In Colombia, as of 2007, an adult male and a subadult female confiscated from wildlife trafficking were restored to the wild and monitored in Paramillo National Park in Córdoba, and another couple was being kept in captivity at a research center for breeding and eventual release.[58] A monitoring effort with the help of volunteers from local Native American communities is also being made in Ecuador, including the joint sponsorship of various Spanish universities[59]—this effort being similar to another one going on since 1996 in Peru, centered around a native community in the Tambopata Province, Madre de Dios Region.[60] Another monitoring project, begun in 1992, was operating as of 2005 in the state of Bolívar, Venezuela.[61]
Popular culture[edit]
The harpy eagle is the national bird of Panama and is depicted on the coat of arms of Panama.[62] The 15th harpy eagle released in Belize, named "Hope", was dubbed "Ambassador for Climate Change", in light of the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009.[63][64]
The harpy eagle was the inspiration behind the design of Fawkes the Phoenix in the Harry Potter film series.[65] A live harpy eagle was used to portray the now-extinct Haast's eagle in BBC's Monsters We Met.[66]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c BirdLife International. (2017). Harpia harpyja. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22695998A110872388.en
Jump up ^ "Aves de Rapina BR | Gavião-Real (Harpia harpyja)". avesderapinabrasil.com. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
Jump up ^ Tingay, Ruth E.; Katzner, Todd E. (23 February 2011). Rt-Eagle Watchers Z. Cornell University Press. pp. 167–. ISBN 978-0-8014-5814-9.
Jump up ^ The illustrated atlas of wildlife. University of California Press. 2009. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-520-25785-6.
Jump up ^ "It works!". gaviaoreal.inpa.gov.br. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
Jump up ^ Linnaeus, C (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata (in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 86. V. occipite subcristato.
Jump up ^ Lerner, Heather R. L.; Mindell, David P. (November 2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 327–346. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-313-33922-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, David A. (2001). Raptors of the world. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 717–19. ISBN 978-0-618-12762-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c Howell, Steve N. G. (30 March 1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c Thiollay, J. M. (1994). Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja). p. 191 in: del Hoy, J, A. Elliott, & J. Sargatal, eds. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
Jump up ^ Trinca, C.T.; Ferrari, S.F. & Lees, A.C. "Curiosity killed the bird: arbitrary hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia harpyja on an agricultural frontier in southern Brazilian Amazonia" (PDF). Cotinga. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Jump up ^ Wood, The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983), ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, R. J. (1984). The Growth and Development of Birds, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-90345-0
Jump up ^ Arent, L. A. (2007). Raptors in Captivity. Hancock House, Washington. ISBN 978-0-88839-613-6
Jump up ^ Sagip Eagle. Gbgm-umc.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Smithsonian miscellaneous collections (1862). Archive.org. Retrieved on 2013-03-09.
Jump up ^ Museum of New Zealand (1998). Giant eagle (Aquila moorei), Haast’s eagle, or Pouakai. Accessed 4 June 2011
Jump up ^ "Identification – Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) – Neotropical Birds". Neotropical.birds.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rettig, N. (1978). "Breeding behavior of the Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja)". Auk. 95 (4): 629–643. JSTOR 4085350.
Jump up ^ "Gavião-real, uma das maiores aves de rapina do mundo – Terra Brasil". noticias.terra.com.br. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Weidensaul, Scott (2004). The Raptor Almanac: A Comprehensive Guide to Eagles, Hawks, Falcons, and Vultures. New York, New York: Lyons Press. pp. 280–81. ISBN 1-58574-170-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Rettig, N., K. Hayes (1995). Remote world of the harpy eagle. National Geographic, 187(2): 40–49.
Jump up ^ Sigrist, Tomas (2013) Ornitologia Brasileira. Vinhedo: Avis Brasilis. ISBN 978-85-60120-25-3. p. 192
Jump up ^ Muñiz-López, R. (2017). "Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) mortality in Ecuador" (PDF). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 52 (1): 81–85.
Jump up ^ "Harpy Eagle Restoration Reaches New Heights" (PDF). The Peregrine Fund Newsletter 2003.
Jump up ^ Santos, D. W. (2011). WA548962, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus, 1758). Wiki Aves – A Enciclopédia das Aves do Brasil.. Retrieved August 30, 2013
^ Jump up to: a b Aguiar-Silva, F. Helena (2014). "Food Habits of the Harpy Eagle, a Top Predator from the Amazonian Rainforest Canopy". Journal of Raptor Research. 48 (1): 24–35. doi:10.3356/JRR-13-00017.1.
Jump up ^ Touchton, Janeene M.; Yu-Cheng Hsu; Palleroni, Alberto (2002). "Foraging ecology of reintroduced captive-bred subadult harpy eagles (Harpia harpiya) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical. The Neotropical Ornithological Society. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Izor, R. J. (1985). "Sloths and other mammalian prey of the Harpy Eagle". pp. 343–346 in G. G. Montgomery (ed.), The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Jump up ^ Muñiz-López, R., O. Criollo, and A. Mendúa. (2007). Results of five years of the "Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) Research Program" in the Ecuadorian tropical forest. pp. 23–32 in K. L Bildstein, D. R. Barber, and A. Zimmerman (eds.), Neotropical raptors. Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Orwigsburg, PA.
Jump up ^ Aves de Rapina BR | Gavião-Real (Harpia harpyja). Avesderapinabrasil.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Aguiar-Silva (2007). "Dieta do gavião-real Harpia harpyja (Aves: Accipitridae) em florestas de terra firme de Parintins, Amazonas, Brasil". Thesis
^ Jump up to: a b c Bierregaard, R. O. 1994. "Harpy Eagle". Page 191 in J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal (editors). Handbook of birds of the world. Volume 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Jump up ^ Shaner, K. 2011. "Harpia harpyja" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed August 21, 2012
Jump up ^ http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3356/JRR-13-00017.1
Jump up ^ San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Harpy Eagle. Sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ "Gavião-real". Brasil 500 Pássaros (in Portuguese). Eletronorte. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Holly (29 January 2009). Frommer's 500 Places to See Before They Disappear. John Wiley & Sons. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-470-43162-7.
Jump up ^ Harpia (gavião-real). Avesderapinabrasil.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Vaughan, Adam (July 6, 2010). "Monkey-eating eagle divebombs BBC filmmaker as he fits nest-cam". guardian.co.uk.
Jump up ^ Talia Salanotti, researcher for the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research, cf. O Globo, May the 13th. 2009; abridgement available at Maior águia das Américas, gavião-real sofre com destruição das florestas; on the random killing of harpies in frontier regions, see Cristiano Trapé Trinca, Stephen F. Ferrari and Alexander C. Lees Curiosity killed the bird: arbitrary hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia harpyja on an agricultural frontier in southern Brazilian Amazonia. Cotinga 30 (2008): 12–15
Jump up ^ "Senhora dos ares", Globo Rural, ISSN 0102-6178, 11:129, July 1996, pp. 40 and 42
Jump up ^ Alluvion of the Lower Schwalm near Borken. Birdlife.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Where an adult male was observed in August 2005 at the preserve kept by mining corporation Vale do Rio Doce at Linhares: cf. Srbek-Araujo, Ana C.; Chiarello, Adriano G. (2006). "Registro recente de harpia, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus) (Aves, Accipitridae), na Mata Atlântica da Reserva Natural Vale do Rio Doce, Linhares, Espírito Santo e implicações para a conservação regional da espécie". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 23 (4): 1264. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752006000400040.
Jump up ^ Nevertheless, in 2006, an adult female – probably during migration – was seen and photographed at the vicinity of Tapira, in the Minas Gerais cerrado: cf. Oliveira, Adilson Luiz de; Silva, Robson Silva e (2006). "Registro de Harpia (Harpia harpyja) no cerrado de Tapira, Minas Gerais, Brasil" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia. 14 (4): 433–434. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Couto, Clarice. "Viva a Rainha". Globo Rural. 25 (288): 65.
Jump up ^ The Misiones Green Corridor. Redyaguarete.org.ar. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ For a map of the species historical and current range, see Fig. 1 in Lerner, Heather R. L.; Johnson, Jeff A.; Lindsay, Alec R.; Kiff, Lloyd F.; Mindell, David P. (2009). Ellegren, Hans, ed. "It's not too Late for the Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja): High Levels of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation Can Fuel Conservation Programs". PLoS ONE. 4 (10): e7336. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7336L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007336. PMC 2752114  . PMID 19802391.
Jump up ^ Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja. Globalraptors.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Projecto Gavião-real INPA; Globo Rural, 25:288, page 62
Jump up ^ Rosa, João Marcos (2011-06-22). Mirada alemã: um olhar crítico sobre o seu próprio trabalho. abril.com.br
Jump up ^ THE BELIZE HARPY EAGLE RESTORATION PROGRAM (BHERP). belizezoo.org
Jump up ^ G1 > Brasil – NOTÍCIAS – Ave rara no Brasil nasce no Refúgio Biológico de Itaipu. G1.globo.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Revista Globo Rural, 24:287, September 2009, 20
Jump up ^ "The Importance of Hope, the Harpy Eagle". 7 News Belize. 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ Márquez C., Gast-Harders F., Vanegas V. H., Bechard M. (2006). Harpia harpyja (L., 1758). siac.net.co
Jump up ^ "Sponsorship and Exhibition at ATBC OTS" (PDF). International Conference Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation and the Organization for Tropical Studies. 23–27 June 2013, San José, Costa Rica. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Piana, Renzo P. "The Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) in the Infierno Native Community". inkaways.com
Jump up ^ (in Spanish) Programa de conservación del águila arpía. Ecoportal.net (2005-12-15). Retrieved on 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ Goldish, Meish (2007). Bald Eagles: A Chemical Nightmare. Bearport Publishing Company, Incorporated. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-59716-505-1.
Jump up ^ "Raptor Education Soars in Toledo". The Belize Zoo and Tropical Education Center. 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
Jump up ^ "The Importance of Hope, the Harpy Eagle". 7 News Belize. December 14, 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Lederer, Roger J. (2007). Amazing Birds: A Treasury of Facts and Trivia about the Avian World. Barron's Educational Series, Incorporated. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-7641-3593-4.
Jump up ^ "BBC Nature – Haast's eagle videos, news and facts". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harpia harpyja.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Harpy.
Harpy eagle Facts and Pictures on AnimalSpot.net
Harpy eagle videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
San Diego Zoo info about the harpy eagle
Harpy eagle information and photo
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q53745
Wikispecies: Harpia harpyja
ADW: Harpia_harpyja
ARKive: harpia-harpyja
BioLib: 21338
BirdLife: 22695998
eBird: hareag1
Fossilworks: 137202
GBIF: 2480516
iNaturalist: 5321
IRMNG: 10216377
ITIS: 560358
IUCN: 22695998
NCBI: 202280
Species+: 3792
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harpy_eagle&oldid=847627229"
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interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Южноамериканская гарпия – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Харпија орао – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: ஹார்பி கழுகு – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: นกอินทรีฮาร์ปี – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Гарпія американська – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Harpy_eagle rootpage-Harpy_eagle skin-vector action-view