text:
Quarter acre
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In Australian and New Zealand English, a quarter acre is a term for a suburban plot of land. Traditionally, Australians and New Zealanders aspired to own a 3- or 4-bedroom house or bungalow on a section of around a quarter of an acre (about 1,000 square metres), also known locally as the Australian Dream or the New Zealand dream. The land was frequently put to use with vegetable gardens,[1] fruit trees, or lawns for family recreation.
The quarter-acre aspiration has changed in recent decades, with sub-divisions, infill housing, apartments, and townhouses becoming more common in large cities, and nearby lifestyle farming blocks becoming popular. Most "quarter-acre" sections are not exactly a quarter of an acre. With urban growth, properties tend to be smaller with new sub-divisions averaging a half or less of the classic quarter-acre.
See also[edit]
Rood, an Old English unit of area, equal to quarter of an acre
New Zealand dream
Australian Dream
The Half Gallon Quarter Acre Pavlova Paradise, a popular book by Austin Mitchell
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fruit and vegetables - food in New Zealand, New Zealand History online.
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text:
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
Theatrical release poster
Hindi
रब ने बना दी जोड़ी
Directed by
Aditya Chopra
Produced by
Aditya Chopra
Yash Chopra
Written by
Aditya Chopra
Starring
Shah Rukh Khan
Anushka Sharma
Vinay Pathak
Music by
Salim-Sulaiman
Production
company
Yash Raj Films
Release date
12 December 2008
Running time
164 minutes[1]
Country
India
Language
Hindi[2]
Budget
₹ 22 Crore[3]
Box office
₹ 1.85 billion [4]
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (English: A Match Made By God),[5] also known as RNBDJ,[6] is a 2008 Indian romantic comedy film written and directed by Aditya Chopra and produced by Yash Chopra and Aditya Chopra under the banner Yash Raj Films. [7] The film stars Shah Rukh Khan and Anushka Sharma in the lead roles. Khan plays a mild-mannered office worker named Surinder Sahni, whose love for the beautiful and vivacious Taani (Anushka Sharma) causes him to transform himself into the loud and fun-loving "Raj" to win her love. It was released worldwide on 12 December 2008 and marked Aditya Chopra's return to directing after an eight-year break, following his previous film, Mohabbatein.
The film was not heavily promoted pre-release, contrary to previous Khan or Yash Raj films, mainly because of the filmmakers' decision to keep it low-profile because of the terror attacks in Mumbai.[8] Upon release, the film received positive reviews and broke many box office records. It was declared a blockbuster despite the fact that it was released only two weeks after the 2008 Mumbai attacks, amidst uncertainty and apprehensions from the trade regarding market conditions at the time. At the end of its theatrical run, it grossed over ₹1.58 billion (US$24 million) worldwide and was also the highest-grossing film of the year in the overseas market, thus becoming Yash Raj Films and Shahrukh Khan's highest-grossing film at the time of its release.[9] The film's soundtrack was composed by Salim-Sulaiman, and it became the first Bollywood soundtrack to reach the top ten albums sales for the iTunes Store.[10]
The film's script was recognised by a number of critics and was invited to be included in the Margaret Herrick Library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, just a day after its release.[11] The script is accessible for research purposes only; students, filmmakers, writers and actors are among the regular patrons.[12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Theme
3.2 Casting and filming
3.3 Promotion
4 Release
4.1 Home media
5 Reception
5.1 Critical reception
5.2 Box office
6 Soundtrack
7 Awards
8 Notes
9 Further reading
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Surinder "Suri" Sahni is a shy, introverted, and kind-hearted clerk-office employee for Punjab Power who falls in love at first sight with Taani, the extraverted daughter of his former Professor at her engagement, but is unable to express it. Her fiancé and his entire wedding entourage are killed in a road accident. The shocked Professor suffers a major cardiac arrest and is hospitalized. On his deathbed, fearing that Taani will be alone in the world, the dying Professor implores that Surinder marry her. Surinder silently concedes because he likes her anyway, while Taani agrees to fulfill her father's last wish.
After an impromptu wedding, Surinder takes Taani to his ancestral home in Amritsar. While his good nature leads Surinder to treat her with exceptional care – he even lets her have his bedroom all to herself – he is too frightened to profess his love for her. Taani later tells him that she will try to be a good wife and thus respect her role in his life, but that she can never love him due to having no love left within her after the loss of her former fiance. Surinder, grateful for the increasing acts of wifely affection that Taani shows him, proceeds to indulge her wishes. These include regular evening trips to the cinema to see Bollywood movies which appeal to Taani's fantasies about romance and her passion for dancing.
Few days later, Taani finds a dancing competition poster and asks for Surinder's permission to take part in it as it would help her unwind from her mundane life at home. He grants her request and provides the entry fee. During the evenings that Surinder and Taani spend at theaatres, Surinder realises it is the strong and masculine images of men that Taani admires, and later on, asks his friend, Balwinder "Bobby" Khosla, a hair-salon owner, for grooming advice that could help him win her love. Bobby gives him a complete makeover—which includes trimming off his mustache, changing his hairstyle to spiky, and fitting him out in a funky Western-style clothing, including aviator-style shades with oversize pastel lenses.
Surinder is thus transformed into "Raj", a name he borrows from the hero of a film that Taani admired. Raj goes to Taani's dancing competition venue to see her dance. Raj joins the competition and secretly requests the instructor to pair him with Taani, explaining his dire situation. At the end of that dance class, all participants are put into groups of two by random numbers given by the staff, and as planned, both Surinder and Taani have the number '21'.
Despite Raj's initial over-the-top attempts to emulate the "cool" images given by heroes in films, after the first attempt of impressing Taani in that way, Taani refuses to be his partner telling 'Raj' that he can not dance well and that she will never win the competition if he continues this way. Raj responds by imploring her that he will improve, and tells her not to worry. She reluctantly agrees and they become friends, working together on their dance routine.
Raj feels encouraged with Taani's guidance in special dance sequences, and Taani feels good to come out from the mundane home cooking-washing house wife routine. Finally, luckily and miraculously, they are both selected for the finals. It is at time, Raj can not control himself and declares his love for Taani. Taani is shocked, to say the least, and enters into a period of internal conflict.
Surinder also faces a dilemma as he can not tell Taani that he is Suri, disguised as Raj. He thus attempts to win Taani's love as Surinder, an act which only alienates her further. He is disappointed that Taani cannot see his love for her as himself, only as 'Raj'. Later that night, Taani plans to elope with Raj. Surinder tells Bobby that he will end the charade in his own way, sacrificing his cravings for her love, leaving her his property and transferring himself to Delhi. On the day of the competition, Surinder takes Taani to the Golden Temple to gain God's blessings for her performance for that night and, internally, also for her life without 'Raj'.
While there, Taani has a realisation in which she believes God has shown her a sign that her marriage to Surinder is divinely inspired. For the first time she reflects on her husband and becomes aware of the strength and integrity of Surinder's character, something which she can grow to love. Taani thus tells Raj on the night of the competition, that she cannot choose him over her husband. She leaves him in what appears to be a state of shock with tears in his eyes. When the time comes for their performance, Taani is stunned to see Surinder instead of Raj joining her on stage. While dancing Taani puts two and two together and through a series of flashbacks, she awakens to the fact that Surinder is in fact 'Raj'.
Backstage, after their dance, she confronts Surinder, and when he confesses his love for her, she tearfully admits that she reciprocates his feelings. The two win the competition. The film ends with Surinder and Taani visiting Japan on their honeymoon.
Cast[edit]
Shah Rukh Khan as Surinder "Suri" Sahni, Raj Kapoor
Anushka Sharma as Taani
Vinay Pathak as Balwinder 'Bobby' Khosla, Surinder's best friend
Manmeet Singh as Raju, garage owner
Richa Pallod as Dance Instructor
M.K. Raina as Taani's father and Surinder's professor
Isha Koppikar as Dance Master
Aneesha Dalal as Dance Instructor
Special appearances during the song "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte" (in order of appearance)
Kajol as Raj Kapoor's girl Nargis
Bipasha Basu as Dev Anand's girl Sadhana
Lara Dutta as Shammi Kapoor's girl Helen
Preity Zinta as Rajesh Khanna's girl Sharmila Tagore
Rani Mukerji as Rishi Kapoor's girl Neetu Singh
Production[edit]
Theme[edit]
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi tells a story from the point of view of an ordinary person and, most importantly, conveys a message that being 'ordinary' is cool. The filmmakers were confident that it would be able to strike a chord with millions because the film has ordinary people as its target audience:[13]
"As middle-class people, so many of us have a routine life. We wake up in the morning, get dressed, go to office, come back, sometimes for a change we buy things to take home, watch TV, eat dinner and go to sleep. And then we repeat this day after day, week after week. Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi talks about one such man who lives a routine life. It is simple film at heart."[13]
Casting and filming[edit]
In February 2008, Aditya Chopra announced that he will helm another film titled "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" and that it will star his lucky mascot, Shah Rukh Khan. The female lead was to be a newcomer who would be chosen following a massive talent hunt for a young, demure woman with quintessential Punjabi features.[14] In May, Yash Raj announced the casting of the 19-year-old model Anushka Sharma as the heroine opposite Shahrukh Khan. Yash Chopra commented:
"We were looking first for someone who could truly embody the spirit of small town Punjab. We know we have found her in Anushka. While she has no previous acting experience, we have seen that unique spark in her that makes us confident that she will be a standout even opposite Shah Rukh"[15] Sharma was chosen over hundreds of girls for this role and was kept hidden from the media during the filming. When asked about that, Khan said: "The idea was not to keep her a secret; we wanted her work to speak for her. When new actors come into films, it is important for people to see their work and then question them. It becomes easier after the film releases."[16] Vinay Pathak was cast to play an important role in the film, making it its first commercial outing.[17]
Filming began in May 2008; Yash Chopra was present at the shoot.[18] A portion was shot with Khan at the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab.[19] Khan had to lose the six-pack abs he developed for the song "Dard-E-Disco" of Om Shanti Om since he was playing the role of a very normal, regular person.[20]
Promotion[edit]
The first poster of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was released in October in theatres and multiplexes across India, with full-page advertisements in national dailies. The first theatrical promo was released on 14 November, during the screening of Karan Johar's Dostana. Initially very little was known about the movie, and there were many theories floating around on the Internet about the story.[21][22] The first music promo of the song "Haule Haule" was released on 2 November 2008, across all leading television channels to coincide with Khan's birthday.[23] The song promo had received unanimous praise from the public.[24]
Release[edit]
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was released across 30 countries worldwide on 12 December 2008 on over 1,200 screens, including approximately 300 prints for the overseas market, making it the first time a Bollywood film was released on such a wide scale.[25] Before release, the film witnessed a large volume of advance bookings.[26] Aditya Chopra, who is known for maintaining secrecy over his films and not showing them to anyone until the day of release, made an exception and held a special screening on 23 November 2008 at Yash Raj Studios. The screening was attended by Khan and his family, Karan Johar, Yash Chopra and debutant Anushka Sharma.[27]
There was a huge debate in the industry whether Aditya Chopra's decision to go ahead with the release of film in the wake of the terror strikes in Mumbai was the right one. With the trauma of the terrorist attacks on Mumbai city on 26, 27 and 28 November still fresh, there was divided opinion on the release schedule. While some felt that Chopra should go ahead with the release because the public, tired and depressed after watching news of the attacks and the aftermath on television screens, would be waiting for a true entertainer to divert its mind, others thought he should postpone the film release as the audiences, not just in Mumbai but all over the country, were still not in a mood to visit theatres.[28]
Home media[edit]
Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama gave the DVD of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi 3.5 out of 5 stars stating that it is a good choice if you "want to watch a clean family movie at home." The DVD includes the documentaries, The Making of the Film and The Making of the Songs ("Haule Haule", "Dance Pe Chance", "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte") as well as a number of deleted scenes and interviews.[29] The film was released on Blu-ray a year after its theatrical release.
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
Upon release, the film received positive reviews. Robert Abele of the Los Angeles Times calls Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi an "agreeably amusing comedy/romance/musical" noting that, "the magnetic Khan is a skilled enough comic actor with his physical transformation—like a Peter Sellers-ish recessive turning into a Jerry Lewis extrovert—that believing Taani wouldn't notice isn't difficult."[30] Rachel Saltz of The New York Times describes it as "soft, sweet and slow, in the words of one of its songs. It deftly blends comedy, the ruling tone of the new Bollywood, with melodrama, the ruling tone of the old."[31] Manish Gajjar of the BBC gave the film 4 out of 5 stars noting that, "Shah Rukh Khan makes you laugh and cry as the nerdy-looking, clumsy, bespectacled Surinder and the all hip and happening Raj. A true professional in his own right, Khan breezes through his dialogues during the emotional and comic scenes."[32] Frank Lovece of Film Journal International argues that it is "smarter and more self-aware of its rom-com contrivances than most Hollywood movies" and notes that while "the movie's cleverness eventually devolves into a simplistic Harlequin-Romance-for-males wish-fulfillment about beauty and the geek, it's a very well-acted variation on a Hollywood staple."[33] Critic and author Maitland McDonagh of MissFlickChick.com stated that the film, "has been dismissed in some quarters as self-conscious and artificial, a coyly self-referential reworking of outdated movie tropes a la Todd Haynes' Far From Heaven, but it works for me in a way that most contemporary Hollywood romcoms don't."[34]
Some critics did not give the film very favourable reviews. Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN was critical, giving it two out of five stars and stating that "Aditya Chopra's return to direction after eight years is marked by a flawed script, which in turn spawns a disappointing film. Where's the smart dialogue and the spirited characters that defined his debut film, Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge? There's no trace of either in this film ... the problem then, at the root of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi, is that much like those artificial sets in the film, the emotions too are contrived."[35] Derek Elley of Variety argues that the film has "a huge, hollow center that sinks the project early on ... A paper-thin script drags itself to the finish line amid tiresome mugging by Khan, a huge credibility gap (she never recognizes him without his glasses and mustache?) and a blah score with only one showstopper (featuring five famous actresses)."[36]
A number of critics have further noted the similarities between this movie and superhero films. Khalid Mohamed, of the Hindustan Times, gave the film three and half out of five stars stating that Suri "is a soul brother to the mousy Clark-Kent-cum-Superman" who "makes you laugh and sob alternately."[37] Mayank Shekhar from Mumbai Mirror gave the film three out of five stars and argues that "[The] same person, oppositely twinned, is usually the stuff of super-hero films; the kinds of Clark Kent-Superman, Peter Parker-Spiderman etc. You feel entirely lost in this fantasy flick, because for most part, it’s built around something so intimate and real. It’d be much easier to travel to foreign countries around far-fetched situations with fake heroes."[38] In addition, Sudish Kamath of The Hindu states that while Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi could have been an interesting art film exploring the dynamics of an arranged marriage, the director instead "treats this character type like Sam Raimi would treat Spider-Man ... Superhero 'Raj' slips into costume and out, complains how it gets uncomfortable around the crotch, to win over his Mary Jane with not much saving-the-world business to keep him busy. But while Spidey does it for a bigger reason than just MJ, Raj’s sole motivation is to stalk his wife and play out his fantasy as somebody else. His obsession with his alter-ego reaches new heights when he wants his wife to cheat on the real him—the goofy Surinder Saini who starts off well."[39]
Box office[edit]
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi collected ₹420 million (US$6.4 million) in its opening week.[40] By its fourth week, it had earned ₹860 million (US$13 million), making it Shah Rukh Khan's third consecutive blockbuster in two years and Aditya Chopra's third blockbuster as a director.[citation needed][41] The film grossed $8.43 million in the overseas market of which $2.09 million was contributed by the United States and $2.24 million from the UK, and was declared as a blockbuster overseas.[42]
At the end of its theatrical run, it grossed ₹1,578.9 million (US$24 million) worldwide, thus becoming Yash Raj Films' and Khan's highest-grossing film at the time of its release.[9] It was the second-highest-grossing film domestically and the highest-grossing in the overseas market that year.
Soundtrack[edit]
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
Soundtrack album by Salim-Sulaiman
Released
12 December 2008 (India)
Genre
Feature film soundtrack
Length
29:25
Label
Yash Raj Music
Producer
Yash Raj Films
Salim-Sulaiman chronology
Fashion
(2008)Fashion2008 Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
(2008) 8 X 10 Tasveer
(2009)8 X 10 Tasveer2009
The soundtrack of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was composed by Salim-Sulaiman. The song "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte" pays homage to Bollywood actors Raj Kapoor, Dev Anand, Rajesh Khanna, Shammi Kapoor and Rishi Kapoor and actresses Nargis, Nutan, Helen, Sharmila Tagore and Neetu Singh. The performance of the song includes appearances by Kajol, Bipasha Basu, Lara Dutta, Preity Zinta and Rani Mukerji.[43]
Serbian pop singer Jelena Karleuša remade the song "Dance Pe Chance" as "Insomnia" in 2010, and it became a huge hit. Bulgarian pop singer Ivana also made a copy of the same song as "Nedei".
The Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi film score is the first Bollywood soundtrack to reach the top-ten albums sales for the iTunes Store.[10] According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 19,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's second highest-selling.[44]
Track No
Song
Singer(s)
Duration
1 "Tujh Mein Rab Dikhta Hai" Roop Kumar Rathod, Shreya Ghoshal 4:44
2 "Haule Haule" Sukhwinder Singh 4:25
3 "Dance Pe Chance" Sunidhi Chauhan, Labh Janjua 4:22
4 "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte" Sonu Nigam 6:36
5 "Tujh Mein Rab Dikhta Hai (Female)" Shreya Ghoshal 1:43
6 "Dancing Jodi" Instrumental 3:59
7 "Tujh Mein Rab Dikhta Hai" (Hinglish Mashup) Roop Kumar Rathod, Jay Kadn 3:33
Awards[edit]
Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards
Best Actor – Shah Rukh Khan
Best Debut Female – Anushka Sharma
Best Choreography – Shiamak Davar – "Dance Pe Chance"
Best Lyrics – Jaideep Sahni – "Tujh Mein Rab Dikhta Hai"
Female Playback Singer – Shreya Ghoshal – "Tujh Mein Rab Dikhta Hai"[45]
Filmfare Awards
Best Male Playback Singer – Sukhwinder Singh ("Haule Haule")
Best Scene of the Year (First breakfast flower scene)
Nominated – Best Film – Aditya Chopra
Nominated – Best Director – Aditya Chopra
Nominated – Best Actor – Shah Rukh Khan
Nominated – Best Actress – Anushka Sharma
Nominated – Best Supporting Actor – Vinay Pathak
Nominated – Best Female Playback Singer – Sunidhi Chauhan ("Dance Pe Chance")
International Indian Film Academy Awards
Nominated – Best Actor
Nominated – Best Supporting Actor – Vinay Pathak
Nominated – Best Male Playback Singer
Nominated – Best Lyrics
Stardust Awards
Nominated – Best Film
Nominated – Best Director
Nominated – Stardust Award for Star of The Year – Male
Nominated – Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Female
Star Screen Awards
Nominated – Best Actor – Shah Rukh Khan
Nominated – Most Promising Newcomer – Anushka Sharma
Nominated – Best Choreography
Nominated – Best Male Playback Singer
Nominated – Best Female Playback Singer
Nominated – Best Lyrics[46]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ IANS. "Shah Rukh's Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi sees heavy booking". IBNLive. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "RAB NE BANA DI JODI Main language- Hindi". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "RNBDJ Budget". Retrieved 25 December 2010.
Jump up ^ https://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/rab-ne-bana-di-jodi-is-yrf-srks-highest-grossing-film/26600
Jump up ^ "Love conquers all in 'A Match Made by God'". Los Angeles Times. 15 December 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
Jump up ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-rab-ne-bana-di-jodi-nine-years-taani-sahni-shah-rukh-khan-4979331/
Jump up ^ "10 Things you would like to know about Anushka Sharma - Bollywood Hungama". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
Jump up ^ "Where is Shahrukh Khan?". Oneindia.in. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Businessofcinema.com Team. "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi is YRF & SRK's highest grossing film". Businessofcinema.com. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi features in iTunes Top 10 Charts
Jump up ^ "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi goes to Oscar library". Hindustan Times. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Cinema/Rab-Ne-Bana-Di-Jodi-goes-to-Oscar-library/Article1-359008.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi conveys a message". Oneindia.in. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Aditya Chopra to direct again". Rediff. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "SRK's Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi gets a heroine". Rediff. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "When Shah Rukh kissed Anushka". Rediff. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Vinay Pathak joins Shahrukh in Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi". Oneindia.in. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/16look1.htm
Jump up ^ "rediff.com: Shah Rukh Khan goes to Golden Temple". Rediff. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Shahrukh loses his six-pack abs". Oneindia.in. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Shahrukh in the limelight again". Oneindia.in. 7 October 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "A date with Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi". Rediff. 11 November 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi | Promo | Shahrukh Khan | Anushka Sharma | Aditya Chopra". Oneindia.in. 5 November 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2008/rab-ne-bana-di-jodi-promo-051108.html
Jump up ^ "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi | Shahrukh Khan | Anushka Sharma | Europe | Holland". Oneindia.in. 10 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi sees heavy booking". Sify. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Aditya made Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi an exception". Oneindia.in. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Why Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi now?". Oneindia.in. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi: DVD review
Jump up ^ Abele, Robert. "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (A Match Made by God)," Los Angeles Times
Jump up ^ Saltz, Rachel. "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi: Forlorn Husband Makes the Right Moves", The New York Times
Jump up ^ Gajjar, Manish. Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (review), BBC
Jump up ^ Lovece, Frank. Film Review: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi, Film Journal International
Jump up ^ McDonagh, Maitland, Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (review)
Jump up ^ Masand, Rajeev. "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi is contrived". CNN-IBN. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Rab ne bana di jodi
Jump up ^ Satyam Shahrukham Surinderam
Jump up ^ Mayank Shekhar. "RNBDJ Mumbai Mirror Review". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 2008-12-15. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Romance with Raj—Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
Jump up ^ Box Office India: Top First Week Earners
Jump up ^ RNBDJ: SRK's third consecutive blockbuster!
Jump up ^ "Top Lifetime Grossers OVERSEAS (US $)". Boxofficeindia.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi's music fails to excite", rediff.com, November 2008.
Jump up ^ "Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Winners of 5th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards
Jump up ^ Nominations for Nokia 15th Annual Star Screen Awards 2009
Further reading[edit]
Raghavendra, M. K. (31 July 2014). The Politics of Hindi Cinema in the New Millennium: Bollywood and the Anglophone Indian Nation. Oxford University Press India. ISBN 978-0-19-945056-5.
External links[edit]
Official website
Official trailer - Yash Raj Films
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi on IMDb
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi at Box Office Mojo
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi at Bollywood Hungama
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi at Rediff.com
Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi' at BBC
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Tallmadge Amendment
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The Tallmadge Amendment was a proposed amendment to a bill requesting the Territory of Missouri to be admitted to the Union as a free state. This amendment was submitted on February 13, 1819, by James Tallmadge, Jr., a Democratic-Republican from New York, and Charles Baumgardner. In response to the debate in Congress regarding the admission of Missouri as a state and its effect on the existing even balance of slave and free states, Tallmadge, an opponent of slavery, sought to impose conditions on Missouri that would extinguish slavery within a generation.
And provided, that the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been fully convicted; and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years.[1]
There were two senators from each state regardless of the population of the state. The number of representative seats, however, was based on the population of the state, and to further complicate matters, slave states were allowed to count 3/5ths of their slave population to increase their number of representatives. The population of the North had grown more rapidly than the South, and the South had a large percentage of slaves, which resulted in a lower countable populace. Thus, the proposed Tallmadge Amendment could further restrict the weight of the slaveholding South in the Union. By a close vote on February 16, 1819, the House of Representatives adopted the Tallmadge Amendment, however it was promptly rejected by the Senate. Congress adjourned on March 4, 1819 without acting on Missouri’s request for statehood. Heated discussions regarding the Tallmadge Amendment and Missouri statehood continued through the summer and autumn.[2][3]
The southern members of Congress upheld that the Tallmadge amendment was unconstitutional because it put restrictions on states as a condition of admission to the Union. They argued that it was the decision of the people of Missouri, not Congress, if slavery should be legalized within the borders of the proposed state. The proponents of the Tallmadge Amendment argued that "slavery itself was a moral and political evil that was contrary to the spirit of the Declaration of Independence, and that it had been tolerated in the Constitution only by necessity and ought to now be restricted".[4]
Passions ran high, and the words “disunion” and “civil war” were boldly uttered. The aged Jefferson wrote that the sudden strife woke him like the alarm of a fire-bell in the night. And Howell Cobb of Georgia warned Tallmadge on the floor of Congress that he had kindled “a fire which only seas of blood could extinguish.”[5]
Finally, in 1820, the Missouri Compromise was passed, which did not include the Tallmadge Amendment, but did prohibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase above the 36˚30’ parallel (the southern boundary of Missouri).[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Annals of Congress, House of Representatives, 15th Congress, 2nd Session,1170
Jump up ^ David Muzzey; Arthur Link (1968). Our Country's History (1st ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Ginn and Company. p. 208.
Jump up ^ The Federal Union (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Riverside Press. 1952. p. 334.
Jump up ^ The Federal Union (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Riverside Press. 1952. p. 335.
Jump up ^ David Muzzey; Arthur Link (1968). Our Country's History (1st ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Ginn and Company. p. 208.
Jump up ^ David Muzzey; Arthur Link (1968). Our Country's History (1st ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Ginn and Company. p. 210.

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