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List of Red Hot Chili Peppers band members
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Red Hot Chili Peppers
Red Hot Chili Peppers live in 2006. (Not current guitarist) From left to right: Flea, Anthony Kiedis, Chad Smith, and John Frusciante.
Background information
Origin
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres
Alternative rock, funk rock, funk metal, rap rock
Years active
1983–present
Members
Anthony Kiedis
Flea
Chad Smith
Josh Klinghoffer
Past members
Hillel Slovak
Jack Irons
Cliff Martinez
Jack Sherman
DeWayne McKnight
D.H. Peligro
Arik Marshall
Jesse Tobias
Dave Navarro
John Frusciante
Red Hot Chili Peppers is an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1983.[1] The band was formed by vocalist Anthony Kiedis, guitarist Hillel Slovak, bassist Flea, and drummer Jack Irons after they met while attending Fairfax High School. Since its inception, Red Hot Chili Peppers has maintained a four-member lineup, with fourteen official members overall.
In late 1983, two weeks before signing with EMI, Slovak and Irons obtained a record deal with MCA Records with their other band, What Is This?, and left Red Hot Chili Peppers.[2] Rather than dissolving the band, Kiedis and Flea decided to recruit new members. Cliff Martinez was hired as the band's new drummer and Martinez's bandmate in The Weirdos, guitarist, Dix Denney was expected to replace Slovak. After a few rehearsals, however, the band felt he didn't fit and auditions continued. Their final candidates were guitarists Mark Nine and Jack Sherman, about whom the band knew nothing. After practicing with Sherman, they felt that he was the best fit because he worked well with Flea and Martinez.[3] With Martinez and Sherman aboard, the band released their eponymous debut album on August 10, 1984. During the ensuing tour, continuing musical and lifestyle tension between Kiedis and Sherman complicated the transition between concert and daily band life.[4][5] Sherman was fired soon after, with Slovak returning to the Chili Peppers in 1985 after growing tired of What Is This?.[6] At one point, Chuck Biscuits filled in on drums during the 1985 tour. The band dismissed Cliff Martinez from the group in April 1986 due to personal differences and replaced him with founding member Jack Irons, who was out of work and finally separated from other commitments.[7] During this period, however, Kiedis and Slovak had both developed serious drug addictions, which resulted in Kiedis being briefly fired that same year. At one performance, longtime friend and then Circle Jerks frontman, Keith Morris filled in for an absent Kiedis who was out scoring drugs while his band was playing a show.[8][9] On June 25, 1988, Slovak died of a heroin overdose shortly after the completion of The Uplift Mofo Party Plan tour. Kiedis would then retreat into hiding, further fueling his drug habit and even skipping Slovak's funeral. After a band meeting with manager Lindy Goetz, Irons subsequently left the group, saying that he did not want to be part of a band where his friends were dying.[1]
Attempting to cope with the death of Slovak and the departure of Irons, Kiedis and Flea temporarily employed Dead Kennedys drummer D. H. Peligro and former P-Funk guitarist DeWayne McKnight.[10] McKnight's tenure was brief, lasting three shows in September 1988 before he was fired. He was quickly replaced by John Frusciante in October 1988 and writing for the next album quickly began. Peligro however was dealing with personal substance problems of his own and would last a few more months before he too was fired. Despite several open auditions, the band remained without a drummer. One of the final drummers to audition was Chad Smith, who Kiedis said was so proficient on the drums he "ate [them] for breakfast".[11] After another successful jam session, Kiedis, Frusciante and Flea admitted Smith into the Chili Peppers and was hired in November 1988.[12]
During the 1992 Japanese leg of the Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour, Frusciante, overwhelmed by the band's new-found success and his drug addiction, abruptly quit in May.[1] Circle Jerks bassist Zander Schloss was auditioned but after four days of rehearsing, Kiedis, Flea, and Smith decided that Schloss did not fit with their future plans.[13] The band originally had wanted Dave Navarro as their guitarist but Navarro's band, Jane's Addiction had just broken up and he wasn't ready to join another band. With a major summer tour planned including a headlining spot at Lollapalooza, guitarist Arik Marshall of L.A. band Marshall Law was hired as Frusciante's official replacement and would finish out the remainder of tour with the band. Coming off their most successful tour the band was excited to start recording their next album however during pre-production of their sixth studio album, tensions grew between the band and Marshall, and they dismissed him from the band in early 1993.[14] Shortly following Marshall's firing, the band held open auditions that proved to be a failure.[15] Kiedis attended a show by local L.A. band, Mother Tongue and quickly was drawn to the band's guitarist, Jesse Tobias. Tobias was recruited after a series of auditions; however, his tenure with the band was brief and after weeks of writing and rehearsals for the next album the band stated that "the chemistry wasn't right" and he was fired although the band already had his replacement ready. Chad was friends with and in contact with Navarro, who he said was now ready to join the band so on September 5, 1993 Navarro was officially hired as the band's seventh guitarist and work quickly began on the band's next record, One Hot Minute, which would be released in 1995 and was seen as a disappointment in sales compared to their previous album.[16][16][17]
The band's One Hot Minute tour proved to be successful however for the band it could easily be viewed as a disaster. Navarro never felt he fit properly in the band and the chemistry just wasn't there with him. Following attempts to write and rehearse for their seventh studio album, in April 1998, it was announced that Navarro had been fired from the band due to creative differences; Kiedis stated that the decision was "mutual".[18] With the band on the brink of a break-up, Kiedis informed Flea that he felt the only way the band could continue is if Frusicante would return. Flea surprised Kiedis by stating he had been in contact with Frusciante and had a feeling he might be open to rejoining. That same month after Navarro's departure, Flea visited Frusciante and invited him to rejoin the band. An emotional and now sober Frusciante readily accepted the invitation. With Frusciante back, the band went on to release three of their most successful albums; 1999's Californication, 2002's By the Way and 2006's Stadium Arcadium.[19]
In late 2007 following the band's Stadium Arcadium tour, the Red Hot Chili Peppers went on a hiatus, with Kiedis citing exhaustion as the main reason.[20] The band's hiatus lasted until October 2009 when they started to write and rehearse for their tenth album however absent from these rehearsals was Fruciante although present was the band's touring guitarist, Josh Klinghoffer leading many to speculate Frusciante had again left the band. Speculation proved to be true with Frusciante already having quit the band for a second time on July 29, 2009 however it wasn't until December 2009 in a post on his official website that he made his departure from the band official to the public.[21] He stated that he left Red Hot Chili Peppers during the hiatus to focus on a solo career.[22][23] Klinghoffer, who acted as a sideman during 2007 dates on the band's Stadium Arcadium tour and on John Frusciante's solo projects, joined the band on October 12, 2009;[24] however, his membership was not announced until February 8, 2010.[25][26] With Klinghoffer, the band saw this as a new beginning and in August 2011 they released their tenth-studio album, I'm with You. During this tour, the band added backing musicians, Mauro Refosco and Chris Warren (also Smith's drum technician) to their touring lineup.
On April 14, 2012, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were inducted by Chris Rock into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Kiedis, Flea, Smith, Klinghoffer (who became the youngest inductee ever), Frusciante, Slovak, Irons and Martinez were the members inducted. Slovak was inducted on behalf of his brother, James while Frusciante, who was invited, declined the band's offer and didn't show up although was heavily praised during the induction speech by his former bandmates. Despite their contributions to the band's studio albums, Jack Sherman and Dave Navarro were neither inducted nor invited to the ceremony because the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame committee decided that only original members, current members or those who played on more than one album were able to be inducted. Both Martinez and Irons joined the band (marking the first time either drummer had performed with the Chili Peppers since their departures from the band in the 1980s) onstage for a performance of "Give It Away" and "Higher Ground", which ended up in an all-star jam involving some of the night's inductees and other guest musicians. The band released their eleventh studio album, The Getaway in June 2016.
Contents
[hide]
1 Members
1.1 Current members
1.2 Former members
1.3 Timeline
2 Touring and studio musicians
2.1 Current touring and studio musicians
2.2 Former touring and studio musicians
3 References
Members[edit]
Current members[edit]
As of 2011[update], the lineup of Red Hot Chili Peppers includes one vocalist, one bassist, one drummer, and one guitarist.
Image
Name
Years active
Instruments
Release contributions
Kiedis, AnthonyAnthony Kiedis 1983–1986; 1986–present lead vocals, guitar All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases[21]
, FleaFlea 1983–present bass, backing vocals, trumpet, piano All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases
Smith, ChadChad Smith 1988–present drums, percussion All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases from Mother's Milk (1989)
Klinghoffer, JoshJosh Klinghoffer 2009–present guitar, backing vocals,[26] keyboards, six-string bass All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases from I'm with You (2011)
Former members[edit]
The former members of Red Hot Chili Peppers consist of seven guitarists and three drummers.
Image
Name
Years active
Instruments
Release contributions
Slovak, HillelHillel Slovak 1983, 1984–1988 guitar, backing vocals Co-wrote "Baby Appeal", "Get Up and Jump", "Green Heaven", "Out In L.A., and "Police Helicopter" from The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Freaky Styley (1985), The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), "Fire" from Mother's Milk (1989), Sock-Cess (1989), What Hits!? (1992), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
Irons, JackJack Irons 1983, 1986–1988 drums, percussion, backing vocals Co-wrote "Baby Appeal", "Get Up and Jump", "Green Heaven", "Out In L.A., and "Police Helicopter" from The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Co-wrote "Nevermind", "The Brother's Cup" and "Sex Rap" from Freaky Styley (1985), The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), "Fire" from Mother's Milk (1989), Sock-Cess (1989) What Hits!? (1992), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
Martinez, CliffCliff Martinez 1983–1986 drums, percussion The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Freaky Styley (1985), Co-wrote "Walkin' On Down the Road" from The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), Sock-Cess (1989) What Hits!? (1992), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1989), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
Sherman, JackJack Sherman 1983–1984 guitar, backing vocals The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Freaky Styley (co-writing credits) (1984) The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), Sock-Cess (1989) What Hits!? (1992), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (2009) Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
McKnight, DeWayneDeWayne McKnight 1988 guitar "Blues for Meister" from Out in L.A. (1994)[27]
Peligro, D.H.D.H. Peligro 1988 drums, percussion Co-wrote "Stone Cold Bush" and Sexy Mexican Maid" from Mother's Milk (1989)
Marshall, ArikArik Marshall 1992–1993 guitar Marshall did not appear or contribute to any of the band's studio releases however he did appear in the band's music videos for "Breaking the Girl" and "If You Have to Ask", both of which were recorded with Frusciante
Tobias, JesseJesse Tobias 1993 guitar New music was created with Tobias during his brief tenure in the band as they rehearsed for a follow-up to Blood Sugar Sex Magik however he was fired from the band before anything was recorded or released
Navarro, DaveDave Navarro 1993–1997 guitar, backing vocals One Hot Minute (1995), "I Found Out" from Working Class Hero: A Tribute to John Lennon (1995), "Love Rollercoaster" from Beavis and Butt-Head Do America (1996), "Circle of the Noose" (1998), Greatest Hits (2003), Road Trippin' Through Time (2011), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012)
Frusciante, JohnJohn Frusciante 1988–1992, 1998–2009[21] guitar, backing vocals, keyboards Mother's Milk (1989), Sock-Cess (1989), Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991), What Hits!? (1992), Live Rare Remix Box (1994), The Plasma Shaft (1994), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), Californication (1999), By the Way (2002), Greatest Hits (2003), Live in Hyde Park (2004), Stadium Arcadium (2006), iTunes Originals – Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006), 10 Great Songs (2009), Road Trippin' Through Time (2011), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012)
Timeline[edit]
Touring and studio musicians[edit]
Red Hot Chili Peppers has employed numerous touring and studio musicians throughout its career. A touring or studio musician is an unofficial member who will perform live or contribute in the studio with the band although is not considered an official member. Vicki Calhoun, Keith "Tree" Barry, and Philip Fisher did contribute to Mother's Milk (1989), where Calhoun performed backing vocals on "Knock Me Down", "Higher Ground", "Good Time Boys", and "Johnny, Kick a Hole in the Sky", Barry played tenor sax on "Subway to Venus", and Fisher provided drums on "Taste the Pain". Josh Klinghoffer was featured as a backing musician on the final half of the band's Stadium Arcadium tour and eventually become an official member replacing guitarist John Frusciante in 2009. The band's longtime roadie/drum technician, Chris Warren, also became a member of touring lineup in 2007 providing keyboards and drum synthesizers. The band's I'm with You Tour and its following 2013/2014 tour featured percussionist, Mauro Refosco. Refosco also provided percussion for most of the tracks on the band's I'm with You album and related releases. For the band's 2016 The Getaway World Tour, Nate Walcott joined the touring lineup providing piano and keyboards while the band's assistant tour manager Samuel Bañuelos III provides additional bass when the band performs "Go Robot".
The band has also seen musicians such as Keith Morris and Chuck Biscuits briefly fill in for a show or two. Morris, who was fronting the Circle Jerks at the time, filled in for Kiedis for a show in 1986. Kiedis was off scoring drugs and missed the band's performance so they asked Morris to fill in however Morris didn't know any of the lyrics to the songs so he screamed and yelled his way through the show. Drummer Chuck Biscuits also briefly filled in on drums back in 1986.
Current touring and studio musicians[edit]
Image
Name
Years active
Instruments
Release contributions)
— Warren, ChrisChris Warren 2007–present keyboards, drum synthesizer, percussion, occasional backing vocals Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You (2011), Official Bootlegs (2011-2013), 2011 Live EP (2012), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012), Live In Paris EP (2016) Warren has also been with the band for over 20 years as their roadie/drum technician
— Walcott, NateNate Walcott 2016–present piano, keyboards, trumpet Live In Paris EP (2016)
— Bañuelos III, SamuelSamuel Bañuelos III 2016–present bass provides additional bass during band's live performances of "Go Robot" and "Encore", also serves as their assistant tour manager
Former touring and studio musicians[edit]
Image
Name
Years active
Instruments
Release contributions)
— Refosco, MauroMauro Refosco 2011-2014 percussion I'm with You (2011), Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You (2011), Official Bootlegs (2011-2013), 2011 Live EP (2012), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012), I'm with You Sessions (2012-2013), I'm Beside You (2013)
Mark, MoneyMoney Mark 2011 Hammond B3 organ Performed Hammond B3 organ on "Look Around" from I'm with You
Klinghoffer, JoshJosh Klinghoffer[28] 2007 additional guitar, keyboards, percussion, backing vocals touring musician on Stadium Arcadium World Tour
— Bulger, MichaelMichael Bulger 2006, 2011 trumpet, trombone, piano trombone on "Turn it Again" from Stadium Arcadium, trumpet on "Did I Let You Know" from I'm with You, piano on various songs from Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You
Rodríguez-López, MarcelMarcel Rodríguez-López[29] 2006–2007 keyboards, clavinet, percussion touring musician
Rodríguez-López, OmarOmar Rodríguez-López 2006 guitar Performed guitar solo on "Especially in Michigan" from Stadium Arcadium
— Kokal, EmilyEmily Kokal 2006 backing vocals Performed backing vocal on "Desecration Smile" from Stadium Arcadium
da Costa, PaulinhoPaulinho da Costa 2006 percussion Performed percussion on Stadium Arcadium
Kurstin, GregGreg Kurstin 1999, 2011 keyboards, piano Performed keyboards on Californication and piano on "Goodbye Hooray", "Police Station" and "Even You Brutus" from I'm with You
— Phoenix, RainRain Phoenix[30] 1995–1996 backing vocals touring backing vocalist
— Ludwig, AcaciaAcacia Ludwig[31] 1995–1996 backing vocals touring backing vocalist
Castro, LennyLenny Castro 1995, 2006, 2011 percussion Performed percussion on "Deep Kick", "My Friends", "One Hot Minute", "Tearjerker" and "Walkabout" from One Hot Minute, on Stadium Arcadium album, "Monarchy of Roses", "Factory of Faith", "Brendan's Death Song", "Ethiopia", "Goodbye Hooray", "Even You Brutus?", "Meet Me at the Corner" and "Dance, Dance, Dance" from I'm with You
— Perkins, StephenStephen Perkins 1995 percussion Performed percussion on "One Big Mob", "Warped" and "Bob" (iTunes bonus track) from One Hot Minute
Lurie, JohnJohn Lurie 1995 harmonica Performed harmonica on "One Hot Minute" from One Hot Minute
— Echo, AimeeAimee Echo 1995 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on "One Big Mob" and "One Hot Minute" from One Hot Minute
— Khalsa, Gurmukh KaurGurmukh Kaur Khalsa 1995 chats Performed chants on "Falling Into Grace" from One Hot Minute
— Frusciante, GailGail Frusciante 1991 backing vocals Performed backing vocals with her church choir on "Under the Bridge" from Blood Sugar Sex Magik
— O'Brien, BrendanBrendan O'Brien 1991 mellotron, B3 Organ, toy celeste Performed mellotron on "Breaking the Girl" and "Sir Psycho Sexy", B3 Organ on "Suck My Kiss" and toy celeste on "Apache Rose Peacock" from Blood Sugar Sex Magik
Preston, BillyBilly Preston 1990, 2006 keyboards, clavinet Performed keyboards on "Show Me Your Soul" and clavinet on "Warlocks" from Stadium Arcadium
— Rule, RobRob Rule[32] 1989–1990, 1995–1996 opening comedy act, backing vocals, additional guitar, roadie opening comedy act and roadie from 1989-1990, backing vocals and additional guitar from 1995-1996
— Calhoun, VickiVicki Calhoun 1989–1990 backing vocals[33] backing vocals on "Good Time Boys", "Higher Ground", "Knock Me Down" and "Johnny, Kick a Hole in the Sky" from Mother's Milk[34]
— Vigard, KristenKristen Vigard 1989, 1995 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on "Good Time Boys", "Higher Ground" and "Johnny, Kick a Hole in the Sky" from Mother's Milk and backing vocals on "Falling Into Grace" from One Hot Minute
Sherman, JackJack Sherman 1989 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on "Good Time Boys" and "Higher Ground" from Mother's Milk
Fisher, Philip "Fish"Philip "Fish" Fisher 1987, 1988 drums, percussion, backing vocals backing vocals on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, drums on "Taste the Pain"
Moore, AngeloAngelo Moore 1987 Backing vocals Performed backing vocals on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan
— Beinhorn, MichaelMichael Beinhorn 1987 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan
Biscuits, ChuckChuck Biscuits 1986 drums filled in briefly during a few 1986 shows on the Freaky Styley tour
Morris, KeithKeith Morris 1986 lead vocals Filled in for Anthony Kiedis at one performance in 1986
Parker, MaceoMaceo Parker 1985 Saxophone Performed on "Hollywood (Africa)", "American Ghost Dance", "If You Want Me to Stay", "Nevermind", "The Brother's Cup" and "Yertle the Turtle" frm Freaky Styley
Wesley, FredFred Wesley 1985 Trombone Performed on "Hollywood (Africa)", "American Ghost Dance", "If You Want Me to Stay", "Nevermind", "The Brother's Cup" and "Yertle the Turtle" from Freaky Styley
— Barry, Keith "Tree"Keith "Tree" Barry 1984, 1987–1990, 1995, 2011 saxophone, violin, backing vocals, touring musician horn arrangements on various songs from The Red Hot Chili Peppers, saxophone on "Subway to Venus" and "Sexy Mexican Maid" from Mother's Milk, saxophone and backing vocals on various songs from Psychedelic Sexfunk Live from Heaven, backing vocals on "Special Secret Song Inside" from Out in L.A., violin on "Tearjerker" from One Hot Minute. Barry also performed saxophone and backing vocals live for the band during the Mother's Milk tour and during one appearance on the I'm with You Tour
— Dickey, GwenGwen Dickey 1984 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on the band's debut album. Dickey is best known as the singer for the 1970s band Rose Royce
— Ranelin, PhilPhil Ranelin 1984 Trombone Performed on the band's debut album
— Young, RonRon Young 1986 vocals Wrote some lyrics during The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987) rehearsing sessions, but it was never used
References[edit]
General
"Red Hot Chili Peppers". Allmusic. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Kiedis, Anthony; Sloman, Larry (October 6, 2004). Scar Tissue. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 1-4013-0101-0.
Red Hot Chili Peppers; Mullen, Brendan (2010). An Oral/Visual History. It Books. ISBN 978-0-06-135191-4.
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c Prato, Greg. "Red Hot Chili Peppers > Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 126
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 127
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 133
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 134
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. pp. 162–163
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 188
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 191
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. pp. 219–225
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 224
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 233
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 234
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. pp. 297–298
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 311
Jump up ^ http://www.bucketheadland.com/faq/faq2/FAQ_2_0.html#57 Archived 2012-11-15 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Foege, Alec (October 19, 1995). "The Red Hot Chili Peppers (Page 1)". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 3, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 312
Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Joe (April 6, 1998). "Pepper Guitar Mill Grinds On". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 31, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 398
Jump up ^ Anderson, Kyle (May 19, 2008). "Q&A: Anthony Kiedis: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-06. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
Jump up ^ Cashmere, Paul (December 17, 2009). "John Frusciante Explains His Departure from Red Hot Chili Peppers". Undercover.com.au. Archived from the original on December 20, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "John Frusciante confirms he's left Red Hot Chili Peppers". NME. December 17, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ http://download.wbr.com/rhcp/RHCP_rs.pdf
Jump up ^ Anderson, Sara (March 12, 2010). "Red Hot Chili Peppers – 2010 New Album Preview". AOL Radio. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Bosso, Joe (May 6, 2010). "Chad Smith talks new Chickenfoot, Red Hot Chili Peppers albums (Page 2)". MusicRadar. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / Flea: blackbyrd McKnight on guitar". Twitter. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Lindsay, Andrew (January 2, 2010). "Josh Klinghoffer confirms he is the new RHCP guitarist". Stereokill.net. Archived from the original on April 16, 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Balzary, Michael; Klinghoffer, Josh (August 10, 2011). "Red Hot Chili Peppers - I'm With You Interview 4 (Interview)". YouTube. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Marx, Rebecca. "Rain Phoenix > Biography". Allmovie. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ ""Walkabout" Live". NME. Retrieved June 16, 2010. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "The Side – 1995 One Hot Minute Tour". TheSide.free.fr. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Apter, Jeff (2005). Fornication the Red Hot Chili Peppers story. London: Omnibus. ISBN 9780857120656.
Jump up ^ Gerard, Chris (28 September 2015). "The 100 Greatest Alternative Singles of the '80s". PopMatters. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
[hide]
v
t
e
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis
Michael "Flea" Balzary
Chad Smith
Josh Klinghoffer
Hillel Slovak
Jack Irons
Jack Sherman
Cliff Martinez
DeWayne McKnight
D. H. Peligro
John Frusciante
Arik Marshall
Jesse Tobias
Dave Navarro
Studio albums
The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984)
Freaky Styley (1985)
The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987)
Mother's Milk (1989)
Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991)
One Hot Minute (1995)
Californication (1999)
By the Way (2002)
Stadium Arcadium (2006)
I'm with You (2011)
The Getaway (2016)
EPs
The Abbey Road E.P. (1988)
2011 Live EP (2012)
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012)
2012-13 Live EP (2014)
Live In Paris EP (2016)
Single series
I'm with You Singles Collection (2012–13)
Live releases
Live in Hyde Park (2004)
Official Bootlegs (2011–2017)
Cardiff, Wales: 6/23/04 (2015)
Compilations
Sock-Cess (1989)
What Hits!? (1992)
Live Rare Remix Box (1994)
The Plasma Shaft (1994)
Out in L.A. (1994)
The Best of the Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994)
Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998)
Greatest Hits (2003)
Road Trippin' Through Time (2011)
I'm Beside You (2013)
Videos
Red Hot Skate Rock (1988)
Psychedelic Sexfunk Live from Heaven (1990)
Positive Mental Octopus (1990)
Funky Monks (1991)
What Hits!? (1992)
Off the Map (2001)
Live at Slane Castle (2003)
Greatest Hits and Videos (2003)
iTunes Originals – Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006)
Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You (2011)
Red Hot Chili Peppers: Live From the Basement (2012)
Tours
1983 Tour (1983)
1984 Tour (1984)
Freaky Styley Tour (1985–86)
The Uplift Mofo Party Tour (1987–88)
Turd Town Tour (1988)
Mother's Milk Tour (1989–90)
Blood Sugar Sex Magik Tour (1991–93)
Tour de La Sensitive (1994)
One Hot Minute Tour (1995–97)
Californication Tour (1999-00)
2001 Tour (2001)
By the Way World Tour (2002–03)
Roll on the Red Tour (2004)
Stadium Arcadium World Tour (2006–07)
I'm with You World Tour (2011–13)
2013/2014 Tour (2013–14)
The Getaway World Tour (2016–17)
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Book
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Milk chugging
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A gallon jug of milk
Milk chugging, or the gallon challenge, is the process of consuming a large amount of milk within a set period of time. Although there are variations in procedure, the general parameters are that a person is given 60 minutes to drink one US gallon (3.8 l; 0.8 imp gal) of whole milk without vomiting. A gallon milk jug is a common size of milk container in the United States.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Medical explanation
3 Rules
4 Legacy
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
The first recorded occurrences of competitive milk chugging[1] date back to early 1997[2][3] where there are several explanations for the origins of the challenge. It certainly existed prior to that, however. American baseball pitcher Bill Lee mentioned the challenge in his autobiography The Wrong Stuff as one of the activities that relief pitchers used to pass the time in the bullpen as far back as the late 1960s. Undoubtedly, the most highly publicized competition was one that was featured in episode five of season two of the American television series Jackass,[4] where Dave England and Ehren McGhehey were featured in a gallon challenge segment. Filmed in Portland, Oregon in 2000, contestants were to consume one gallon of milk in an hour in a variety of flavors, which resulted in each participant vomiting. In 1999 North Carolina legislators started a yearly milk-drinking contest to promote the dairy industry.[5]
Milk chugging has gained popularity[6] and a following in some countries, especially the United States. The fact that it is often presented as being "impossible",[4] as well as media coverage of the challenge,[4] may have led to the appeal among high school and college students,[7][8] as well as celebrities.[9]
Medical explanation[edit]
The human stomach capacity is around half a gallon (1.9 L)
The primary difficulty in completing the challenge lies in the limited capacity of the stomach. Generally, the stomach can hold only half a gallon (1.9 L). Stretch receptors in the organ sense when its limit is reached, triggering a vomit reflex that swiftly empties the stomach. Moreover, drinking a gallon of milk is more difficult than drinking a gallon of water. The fat and protein in milk each inhibit the stomach from releasing its contents into the small intestine, forcing more of the liquid to remain in the stomach.[4] In turn, the action of gastric acid and proteases in the stomach cause proteins in the milk to unravel and expand the liquid into a thick semi-solid substance, further reducing the amount of fluid that can be held in the stomach without being regurgitated.
It is often claimed that the difficulty of retaining milk is related to lactose intolerance: the inability of many people to metabolize lactose, a major component of milk. Sarah Ash, an associate professor of nutrition at North Carolina State University, finds this theory unlikely, as the symptoms of lactose intolerance occur in the large intestine, rather than the stomach.[4]
Rules[edit]
There are three universal rules in what has been called the "gallon challenge", although some minor variations may exist.
The contestant has one hour to drink one US gallon (3.8 l; 0.8 imp gal) of milk. Specifications on the type of milk vary, or are unspecified.[10]
Should the contestant finish the gallon within that hour, they must retain the gallon for a set period. There are several variations of this rule; either the milk must simply be drunk in an hour without vomiting,[4] or the drinker must retain the contents for one additional hour[11] or the remainder of the hour[10] without vomiting
Should they retain the gallon, they win. Otherwise, if the contestant vomits prior to the set period of time passing, they lose.[10]
Although in almost all cases, the challenge is set for one gallon,[7] in some cases a different amount is used, such as six US pints (2.84 l; 5.00 imp pt).[12] Other variations of the challenge require that the contestant eat nothing during the hour of ingestion,[10] and specify that the type of milk chosen must have at least a 2% fat content (not skimmed milk).[10]
Legacy[edit]
Many high school and college students hold their own challenges: Phi Delta Tau, at the Central College in Pella, Iowa have traditionally hosted an annual gallon challenge, four Rutgers fraternities host challenges for fundraisers,[13] some MIT students celebrated the 2010 4th of July with a challenge,[14] Sigma Phi Epsilon at Carnegie Mellon University host their Annual Gallon Challenge on campus, as well as many other official and unofficial gallon challenges.[15] In 2008, several members of a fraternity at Arizona State University participating in a "milk-chug" were arrested for causing a car accident after vomiting into traffic below the bridge they were competing on.[16]
Peter Ubriaco founded the non-profit Gallon Challenge Foundation in 2004, formalizing a local gallon-challenge contest held since 2000. The organization raised donations during the yearly challenge for food and health-related organizations; after their 2006 challenge in held in New York City,[17] they donated to the Food Allergy Initiative,[18] a non-profit organization that raises awareness and funds for the treatment and cure of food allergies.
The act of milk-chugging has also been the centerpiece for a photographer and artists' show in 2005, where he featured an image entitled "Milk Chuggers" and a video called "The Milk Chugger", where he films himself drinking milk until he vomits.[1] In 2009, Jimmy Fallon held a milk-chugging contest on NBC's Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, with guests Hélio Castroneves, Ryan Briscoe and Dario Franchitti.[9] On the broadcast, Fallon wore a rain poncho and drank chocolate milk, while the drivers drank regular milk. Also in 2009,[19] and again in 2010, North Carolina members of the General Assembly, which included Bob Atwater, William Brisson, Andrew Brock, Dewey Hill, Joe Sam Queen and Arthur Williams,[20] competed in a milk-chugging contest, held at North Portico of the Legislative Building in Raleigh,[19] to raise awareness in the dairy industry.[21] Winners of the contest would receive money to donate to a charity of their choice.[12] In 2012, it was a major part of the plot of the Regular Show episode "Guy's Night".
See also[edit]
Food challenge
Gallon smashing
Cinnamon challenge
Competitive eating
Saltine cracker challenge
Salt and ice challenge
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b O'Sullivan, Michael (2005-06-10). "Illicit Encounters at Strand on Volta". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
Jump up ^ (2005-2007). "History of the Annual Gallon Challenge." Gallon Challenge Foundation. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
Jump up ^ "History." the GALLON CHALLENGE. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Young, Luke (2006-08-29). "Chugging for glory". Technician. Archived from the original on 2016-11-04. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
Jump up ^ http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/under-the-dome/article24636634.html
Jump up ^ Blumenfeld, Amir (2006). "Food, Health, and Laundry: Freshman Fifteen." The CollegeHumor guide to college: selling kidneys for beer money, sleeping with your professors, majoring in communications, and other really good ideas. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Slaughter, Shannon (2010-04-30). "Wonderful Wednesday milk-chugging contest concludes winnerless[permanent dead link]". Milligan College: The Stampede. Retrieved 2010-07-13
Jump up ^ Rockey, Alicia (2009-04-16). "Feature Photo: Milk Chug Challenge Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine.". The Daily Eastern News. Retrieved 2010-07-13
^ Jump up to: a b Castroneves Racing PR (2009-05-19). "Milk chugging contest with Jimmy Fallon Archived 2010-03-28 at the Wayback Machine.". Helio Castroneves. Retrieved 2010-07-13
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Atkinson, Nat (2006). "Rules." MilkGallon: The Home of The Gallon Challenge. Retrieved 2010-07-12
Jump up ^ Wright, Andrew (2001-04). "What is the Challenge?". The Gallon Challenge. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Dairy Herd news source (2010-07-01). " Milk-chugging for charity Archived 2010-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.". Dairy Herd. Retrieved 2010-07-13
Jump up ^ Yu, Margaret. " Four fraternities raise funds for Chi Fest trophy Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine.". The Daily Targum. 19 April 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Fan, Jingyun. "Accepting the 'Challenge': Students chug milk to celebrate Fourth". MIT: The Tech Online Edition. 7 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Bagnas, Jessielynn and Barberena, Luis. "Gallon Challenge! Students hold milk chugging contest to break stress". The Norwich Guidon. 30 October 2003. Retrieved on 13 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Halverstadt, Lisa. "ASU police arrest 9 in 'milk chug' challenge". The Arizona Republic. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
Jump up ^ Benners, Ashley. "To chug or not to chug, that is the question". The Appalachian. 28 September 2006. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "The 6th Annual Gallon Challenge is over". Gallon Challenge Foundation. 2005-2007. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Hinnant, Jim. "Milk-Chugging contest". PACC-10 TV News. 10 July 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Hensch, Mark. "Milk Chugging". The News & Observer. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Annual Milk-Chugging Contest To Be Held In Raleigh". WXII12. 28 June 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
[hide]
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All Fun and Games until Somebody Loses an Eye
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
All Fun and Games Until Somebody Loses an Eye
Author
Christopher Brookmyre
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Black humour, Satire, Crime novel
Publisher
Little Brown, London
Publication date
2005
Media type
Print (Hardback & (Paperback)
All Fun and Games until Somebody Loses an Eye is the ninth novel by Scottish writer Christopher Brookmyre.
Contents
1 Plot summary
2 Awards
3 External links
4 References
Plot summary[edit]
Jane Fleming, a 46-year-old housewife and grandmother, lives a quiet life in suburban East Kilbride. All that changes when her son, Ross, who works in the arms industry, is forced into hiding when his latest research attracts unwanted attention. Aided by the mysterious Bett, Jane must confront drug dealers, assassins and ruthless arms dealers in order to save her son.
Awards[edit]
All Fun And Games Until Somebody Loses an Eye was the winner of the seventh Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize for Comic Fiction in 2006.[1]
External links[edit]
Observer review May 2005
‹ The template below (Goodreads book) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›
All Fun and Games until Somebody Loses an Eye at Goodreads
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wales Online (2006-06-05). "Not a pig in a poke but a pig for a joke or two". Wales Online. Media Wales. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

This article about a crime novel of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
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See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_Fun_and_Games_until_Somebody_Loses_an_Eye&oldid=832470881"
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mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-All_Fun_and_Games_until_Somebody_Loses_an_Eye rootpage-All_Fun_and_Games_until_Somebody_Loses_an_Eye skin-vector action-view