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The Big Bang Theory (season 11)
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The Big Bang Theory (season 11)
iTunes digital art
Starring
Johnny Galecki
Jim Parsons
Kaley Cuoco
Simon Helberg
Kunal Nayyar
Mayim Bialik
Melissa Rauch
Kevin Sussman
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
15
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25) – present (present)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 10
List of The Big Bang Theory episodes
The eleventh season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory premiered on CBS on Monday, September 25, 2017.[1] It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 2, 2017, after Thursday Night Football on CBS ended.[2]
In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.3 Guest cast
3 Episodes
4 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
Just like the previous three seasons, the first five episodes aired on Mondays due to CBS' contractual rights to air the Thursday Night Football games. After Thursday Night Football ended, the series returned to its regular Thursday schedule starting on November 2, 2017. Filming for the eleventh season began on August 15, 2017; it was also announced with the taping report that the premiere for the eleventh season would be titled "The Proposal Proposal". Before the season premiered, five episodes were filmed from August 15 to September 19, 2017.[4]
According to TV Guide, Steve Holland announced on September 22, 2017 that both Bob Newhart and Wil Wheaton would return this season since their absences from Season 10.[5]
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of The Big Bang Theory characters
Main cast[edit]
Johnny Galecki as Dr. Leonard Hofstadter
Jim Parsons as Dr. Sheldon Cooper
Kaley Cuoco as Penny
Simon Helberg as Howard Wolowitz
Kunal Nayyar as Dr. Rajesh "Raj" Koothrappali
Mayim Bialik as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler
Melissa Rauch as Dr. Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz
Kevin Sussman as Stuart Bloom
Recurring cast[edit]
Laurie Metcalf as Mary Cooper
Christine Baranski as Dr. Beverly Hofstadter
Stephen Hawking as himself
Regina King as Janine Davis
Brian Posehn as Dr. "Bert" Bertram Kibbler
Wil Wheaton as himself[6]
Bob Newhart as Dr. Arthur Jeffries/Professor Proton[6]
John Ross Bowie as Dr. Barry Kripke
Dean Norris as Colonel Richard Williams
Brian Thomas Smith as Zack Johnson[7]
Brian George as Dr. V. M. Koothrappali
Pamela Adlon as Halley Wolowitz (voice only)
Guest cast[edit]
Riki Lindhome as Ramona Nowitzki
Ira Flatow as himself
Swati Kapila as Ruchi
Beth Behrs as Nell
Walton Goggins as Oliver
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of The Big Bang Theory episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
232
1 "The Proposal Proposal" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Chuck Lorre & Eric Kaplan & Jeremy Howe
Teleplay by : Steve Holland & Maria Ferrari & Tara Hernandez September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25) T12.15601 17.65[8]
Amy enthusiastically accepts Sheldon's marriage proposal. However, when dining with Amy's colleagues later that night, Sheldon is offended that they are more impressed with Amy's work than his own. With help from Stephen Hawking, Sheldon later comes to grips with the fact that he will not always be the center of attention in the marriage. Bernadette is shocked to realize that she is pregnant again. She and Howard are not thrilled at the idea of having another baby so soon after their first. They attempt to convince Leonard and Penny to have a child as well, but are rebuffed.
Title reference: Sheldon's proposal of marriage
233
2 "The Retraction Reaction" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steven Molaro & Steve Holland & Maria Ferrari
Teleplay by : Dave Goetsch & Eric Kaplan & Anthony Del Broccolo October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02) T12.15602 14.06[9]
Leonard gives an interview on public radio where he admits physics research might be at a dead end. The university is furious and, while trying to think of reasons to put in a retraction, he depresses Sheldon into thinking he might be right. Howard and Raj come over and end up just as depressed. Getting drunk with Penny, the guys go to the grave of Richard Feynman and realize there is hope for physics as long as they believe in it. Leonard accidentally sends a drunken email to Human Resources. Meanwhile, Amy and Bernadette agree with each other to keep quiet about the success in their careers so as not to upset Sheldon and Howard. While bragging to each other, they end up arguing which of their fields is better.
Title reference: Leonard's depression while writing a retraction of his statements on the radio.
234
3 "The Relaxation Integration" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Chuck Lorre & Steve Holland & Adam Faberman
Teleplay by : Maria Ferrari & Andy Gordon & Tara Hernandez October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09) T12.15603 13.13[10]
Sheldon cannot find the perfect wedding date and begins talking in his sleep, adopting the persona of a laid-back person who goes with the flow. Amy and Penny believe that his subconscious mind is trying to tell him to be more relaxed; his attempt to be so while wearing flip-flops ends in disaster. He decides to leave all the wedding planning to Amy while he wears a Star Trek uniform underneath his tuxedo. Meanwhile, Raj and Stuart both become interested in Bernadette's new coworker Ruchi. While she likes them both as friends, she does not want a relationship with anyone.
Title reference: Sheldon trying to embrace the relaxed side of his personality.
235
4 "The Explosion Implosion" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Bill Prady & Maria Ferrari & Tara Hernandez
Teleplay by : Steve Holland & Eric Kaplan & Jeremy Howe October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16) T12.15604 13.07[11]
Howard and Bernadette learn their second child will be a boy, leading Howard to doubt whether he can be a good father to a son. He and Sheldon go out in the desert to test launch a model rocket, but it explodes, causing him further doubt. On the way home, Howard does a good job coaching Sheldon to drive them home, for which Sheldon tells him he will be a good teacher to his son. Leonard's mother Beverly begins talking to Penny as a friend and confidant, troubling Leonard, especially when he learns that Beverly told Penny that she is proud of her, a level of praise she never bestowed upon Leonard himself. When Leonard confronts Beverly, he is touched when she says that of all of her children's spouses, Penny is the one she is most impressed by, and that for this, she is indeed proud of him. Meanwhile, Raj helps Bernadette turn baby girl clothes into boy ones.
Title reference: The fate of Sheldon and Howard's model rocket.
236
5 "The Collaboration Contamination" Nikki Lorre Story by : Steven Molaro & Steve Holland & Eric Kaplan
Teleplay by : Dave Goetsch & Maria Ferrari & Jeremy Howe October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23) T12.15605 13.20[12]
Amy and Howard begin collaborating on a neuroprosthetics project, upsetting Sheldon and Raj, who feel they are not spending as much time with them. When they seek solace with an annoyed Bernadette, she exploits the situation to trick Sheldon into doing Howard's chores. Penny employs the approaches recommended in one of Bernadette's parenting books to deal with Sheldon with success, but Leonard believes she is coddling Sheldon too much. Sheldon and Raj resolve the issue of missing their significant others by spending time together.
Title reference: Amy and Howard's collaboration contaminating Sheldon and Raj's moods.
237
6 "The Proton Regeneration" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steven Molaro, Dave Goetsch, Alex Yonks
Teleplay by : Dave Steve Holland, Andy Gordon, Jeremy Howe November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02) T12.15606 14.14[13]
Sheldon's childhood science show with Professor Proton is being rebooted. After unsuccessfully auditioning for the part, he goes to Wil Wheaton for acting tips for his second audition. However, Sheldon is later dismayed when Wil has somehow taken the role instead. Talking it over with Arthur in his dreams he is still upset his idol is replaced and considers Wil an enemy again. Meanwhile, Howard gets a vasectomy while Bernadette is on bed rest. Penny offers to take care of Halley for them but they insult her by saying Penny is irresponsible. Halley ends up saying her first word by calling Penny "Mama."
Title reference: The announced reboot of the Professor Proton series.
238
7 "The Geology Methodology" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steven Holland & Anthony Del Broccolo & Adam Faberman
Teleplay by : Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari & Tara Hernandez November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09) T12.15607 13.80[14]
Bert asks for Sheldon's help in a geology research project relating to dark matter. Sheldon secretly agrees, but is too embarrassed to admit he is working with rocks. Bert finds out about this and ends their partnership. After talking with Amy, Sheldon goes to apologize, only to find Leonard has taken his place. Meanwhile, Raj runs into Ruchi again and goes out with her, but she does not believe in romantic love. After Howard and Bernadette tell Raj that he can just have sex with Ruchi, he agrees to keep it casual.
Title reference: Sheldon working in geology with Bert.
239
8 "The Tesla Recoil" Anthony Rich Story by : Chuck Lorre & Eric Kaplan & Tara Hernandez
Teleplay by : Steve Holland & Maria Ferrari & Jeremy Howe November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16) T12.15608 13.44[15]
After learning Sheldon went behind their backs to work with the military again, Leonard and Howard say Sheldon is like Thomas Edison, taking credit for other's ideas, while they are more like Nikola Tesla. Leonard and Howard bring in Barry Kripke to help create a better idea than Sheldon's, but Kripke goes to the military himself cutting all three of them out. Meanwhile, Bernadette fears Ruchi is trying to steal her projects at work while she is on maternity leave, and hires Raj to spy on her. Though he finds proof that Ruchi may be stealing from Bernadette, Raj tries to defend Ruchi like a boyfriend would, pointing out Bernadette's hypocrisy as she would've most likely stolen from other people's projects as well. Ruchi is not happy about this and promptly dumps Raj.
Title reference: The guys discussion of Tesla and Edison.
240
9 "The Bitcoin Entanglement" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steve Holland & Andy Gordon & Jeremy Howe
Teleplay by : Dave Goetsch & Maria Ferrari & Anthony Del Broccolo November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30) T12.15609 13.84[16]
In 2010, Leonard, Howard and Raj mined a lot of Bitcoin, worth thousands of dollars seven years later, but leave Sheldon out due to his fear of tax implications. Flashbacks are shown of how the Bitcoin ended up on an old laptop of Leonard's, which Penny gave to her old boyfriend Zack after she and Leonard broke up. In 2017, Leonard and Penny retrieve the computer from Zack, who first shows them a video of a drunken Penny apologizing for breaking up with Leonard. The Bitcoin is not found on the laptop. Sheldon had moved it to a flash drive on Leonard's keychain to teach them a lesson, but Leonard lost the keychain years ago. A final flashback to 2013 shows Stuart discovering the flash drive, which he decides to erase and sell for $10.
Title reference: The guys trying to find their old Bitcoin investment.
241
10 "The Confidence Erosion" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Bill Prady & Maria Ferrari & Adam Faberman
Teleplay by : Steve Holland & Eric Kaplan & Tara Hernandez December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07) T12.15610 14.41[17]
When Raj loses a job interview at a planetarium, his father says he has no confidence because Howard always makes fun of him. Raj distances himself from Howard and later gets the job. Howard is hurt by this (even after apologizing to him) and tries to make amends with Raj after his first talk at the planetarium, but when he sees him get a date, he leaves without speaking to him, thinking that the latter's life is better without him. Meanwhile, Sheldon and Amy try randomly dividing up wedding tasks, but they keep arguing. The only thing they can agree on is to get married so they decide to just get married at City Hall. However, Sheldon decides that he wants a first dance with his new wife, and they go home to plan their wedding.
Title reference: Howard eroding Raj's confidence.
242
11 "The Celebration Reverberation" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steve Holland & Eric Kaplan & Alex Ayers
Teleplay by : Dave Goetsch & Maria Ferrari & Jeremy Howe December 14, 2017 (2017-12-14) T12.15611 13.74[18]
Howard and Raj are still fighting so Howard dis-invites Raj to Halley's birthday party. However, when Howard's designated party planner Stuart pulls out at the last minute, Raj agrees to plan the party, which doesn't turn out too well due to Halley being asleep, Bernadette on bed rest and no people turning up. When Howard and Raj get into a shoving match in the party's bounce house, they end up letting out their frustrations with each other, but also having fun and reconciling. Leonard is depressed upon receiving his successful brother's Christmas card and attempts to make a list of what he and Penny accomplished this year, but doesn't come up with much. This prompts them to think about their plans for the future, so they decide to go on trips and achieve more out of life together before starting a family. Sheldon cooks Amy a Little House on the Prairie-themed birthday dinner, which gives them both food poisoning. They eventually recover enough to attend Halley's birthday party with the others, where they decide to have fun in the bouncy castle and then have sex in Howard and Bernadette's house.
Title reference: Amy and Halley's birthday celebrations.
243
12 "The Matrimonial Metric" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Maria Ferrari & Tara Hernandez & Jeremy Howe
Teleplay by : Steve Holland & Eric Kaplan & Andy Gordon January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04) T12.15612 16.16[19]
Sheldon and Amy struggle to choose a best man and maid of honor from their friends. They secretly decide to test and score them, allowing everyone to have an equal shot at either role. Once the gang finds out, none of them apart from Bernadette and Stuart want to be in the wedding. Sheldon settles for Stuart as best man, but once Leonard tells Sheldon that as the groom, the decision is his alone, he picks Leonard. Amy is set to call Bernadette but once Penny realizes Amy is her best friend, she immediately pitches herself for the position and Amy enthusiastically chooses her. Amy later makes Penny tell Bernadette the bad news.
Title reference: Sheldon and Amy scoring their friends for roles in the wedding.
244
13 "The Solo Oscillation" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Chuck Lorre & Steve Holland & Anthony Del Broccolo
Teleplay by : Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari & Jeremy Howe January 11, 2018 (2018-01-11) T12.15613 15.93[20]
With Leonard, Howard, Raj and Amy accomplishing so much on their respective projects, Sheldon is forced to admit he has nothing important to work on. He makes Amy leave the apartment for a few days so he can focus, but cannot come up with any ideas and calls his mother as a distraction. Leonard and Amy have fun recreating experiments from when they were growing up, boring Penny, so she eats with Sheldon as he mulls over his scientific studies. Penny helps him realize that his study of dark matter is his rebound science from string theory, which Sheldon admits he never forgot about, but explaining string theory to her inspires Sheldon, helping him discover a potential breakthrough in the field. Meanwhile Howard is too busy with his family to be in the band with Raj, so Raj brings in Bert. But when Howard annoys Bernadette by writing an astronaut-themed musical while she is on bed-rest, she makes him rejoin the band. The three are poorly received, after singing Bert's original song about the boulder from Indiana Jones at a Bar mitsvah.
Title reference: A triple entendre to represent Sheldon going into isolation to figure out his future research field only to go back to studying string theory, the vibration of the strings in string theory, and Howard's oscillation between being in a band with Raj and being solo.
245
14 "The Separation Triangulation" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Chuck Lorre & Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari
Teleplay by : Steven Molaro & Steve Holland & Tara Hernandez January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18) T12.15614 14.92[21]
Raj hooks up with a recently separated woman, Nell, after one of his lectures at the planetarium. Her husband Oliver confronts Raj at the planetarium and then breaks down over the end of his marriage. After comforting Oliver, Raj talks to Nell and convinces her to give her husband another chance. Meanwhile, after diving once again into string theory and sprawling his work across his and Amy's apartment, Sheldon approaches a reluctant Leonard and Penny and convinces them to let him use his old room to study for a three-day trial period with an agreement to be quiet and stay out of their way. Sheldon surprisingly sticks to this agreement, being a reasonably good guest, which shockingly frustrates Leonard to no end. After Leonard lets out his frustrations, Sheldon then renegotiates the guest tenancy agreement for an extra few days and resumes being his normal demanding self, much to Leonard's relief.
Title reference: A double entendre that refers to both the love triangle between Raj, Nell, and Oliver, who is upset at his separation from Nell and the roommate triangle that has reformed between Sheldon, Leonard, and Penny, a distinct callback to the show's initial seasons.
246
15 "The Novelization Correlation" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steve Holland & Andy Gordon & Adam Faberman
Teleplay by : Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari & Jeremy Howe February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01) T12.15615 14.69[22]
Sheldon and Amy are surprised to find that Wil Wheaton's new Professor Proton show is actually very entertaining and that Wil had Howard on as a guest. On Howard’s suggestion, Sheldon apologizes to Wil, mending their friendship, and tells him he wants to be on the show; but Wil asks for Amy. Sheldon tells her to do it, but she says she often doesn't do things to avoid upsetting him. Sheldon is horrified when he realises how selfish he has been, especially when he finds out that the guys do the same for him. Sheldon encourages Amy to go on the show to inspire girls to pursue science while trying to control his obvious jealousy for her. Meanwhile, Leonard writes a book about a physicist that solves a murder, the protagonist Logan Dean is based on himself. Bernadette points out Logan's mean boss Illsa is similar to Penny, who thinks it is based on Bernadette, though Leonard does not correct her. However, Bernadette tells Penny the truth, upsetting her and making her mad at Leonard. After calling his mother for advice, Leonard learns that Illsa is actually like her; but abandons the book when he realizes he wrote romantic tension into the relationship between the characters.
Title reference: The uncertainty of which woman in Leonard's life did he subconsciously base the mean boss character in the novel he wrote.
247
16 "The Neonatal Nomenclature"[23] Gay Linvill Story by : Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari & Anthony Del Broccolo
Teleplay by : Steve Holland & Tara Hernandez & Adam Faberman March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01) T12.15616 TBD
248
17 "The Athenaeum Allocation"[24] Mark Cendrowski Story by : Steve Holland & Steven Molaro & Tara Hernandez
Teleplay by : Dave Goetsch & Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08) T12.15617 TBD
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "The Proposal Proposal" September 25, 2017 4.1/16 17.65[8] 1.7 5.42 5.8 23.08[25]
2 "The Retraction Reaction" October 2, 2017 3.2/12 14.06[9] 1.8 5.14 5.0 19.20[26]
3 "The Relaxation Integration" October 9, 2017 2.9/11 13.13[10] 1.6 4.77 4.5 17.90[27]
4 "The Explosion Implosion" October 16, 2017 2.8/11 13.07[11] 1.6 4.64 4.4 17.71[28]
5 "The Collaboration Contamination" October 23, 2017 2.8/10 13.20[12] 1.6 4.76 4.4 17.96[29]
6 "The Proton Regeneration" November 2, 2017 2.7/11 14.14[13] 1.8 5.14 4.5 19.28[30]
7 "The Geology Methodology" November 9, 2017 2.8/11 13.80[14] 1.6 4.76 4.4 18.56[31]
8 "The Tesla Recoil" November 16, 2017 2.6/11 13.44[15] 1.7 4.84 4.3 18.28[32]
9 "The Bitcoin Entanglement" November 30, 2017 2.5/10 13.84[16] 1.7 4.70 4.2 18.54[33]
10 "The Confidence Erosion" December 7, 2017 2.8/10 14.41[17] 1.7 4.95 4.5 19.36[34]
11 "The Celebration Reverberation" December 14, 2017 2.6/11 13.74[18] TBD TBD TBD TBD
12 "The Matrimonial Metric" January 4, 2018 3.1/12 16.16[19] 1.4 3.74 4.5 19.90[35]1
13 "The Solo Oscillation" January 11, 2018 3.1/12 15.93[20] 1.8 5.18 4.9 21.11[36]
14 "The Separation Triangulation" January 18, 2018 2.9/12 14.92[21] TBD TBD TBD TBD
15 "The Novelization Correlation" February 1, 2018 2.9/12 14.69[22] TBD TBD TBD TBD
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "CBS Announces New 2017–2018 Fall Schedule". The Futon Critic. May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CBS Announces Fall 2017-2018 Primetime Premiere Dates". The Futon Critic. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (March 20, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory' Officially Renewed for Two Seasons as Mayim Bialik, Melissa Rauch Await Deals". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Taping Report Thread". The Big Bang Theory Forums. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Big Bang Theory's New Boss on Young Sheldon Crossovers and Season 11". TVGuide.com. September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "(#T12.15606)The Proton Regeneration". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.thefutoncritic.com/listings.aspx?id=20171116cbs07
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 26, 2017). "'Big Bang' and 'Young Sheldon' adjust up, 'Good Doctor,' 'DWTS,' 'The Brave,' 'Me, Myself & I' down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 3, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'Voice' adjust up; 'Good Doctor,' 'DWTS,' 'Kevin Can Wait,' 'The Brave' & 'Scorpion' down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 10, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory' and 'Good Doctor' adjust up, other CBS shows and 'The Brave' down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 17, 2017). "'Big Bang,' 'Voice,' 'Lucifer,' 'Me, Myself & I' adjust up, ABC and '9JKL' down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 24, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' adjusts down, 'Big Bang Theory' and 'Voice' adjust up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Will & Grace' adjusts up, 'Sheldon' and other CBS shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 10, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory' and 'Thursday Night Football' adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'Supernatural' and NFL adjust up, 'Young Sheldon' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 4, 2017). "'Supernatural,' 'Big Bang Theory' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 8, 2017). "'Supernatural' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "'Thursday Night Football' adjusts up, still at season low: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 8, 2018). "'The Four,' 'Will & Grace,' everything else unchanged: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 12, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'Young Sheldon' and 'The Four' adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 22, 2018). "'Grey's Anatomy' adjusts up, 'The Four,' 'Scandal' and 'Great News' down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 2, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'The Four' adjust up, 'Mom' and 'AP Bio' adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "(#T12.15616) "The Neonatal Nomenclature"". the Futon Critic. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "(#T12.15617) "The Athenaeum Allocation"". the Futon Critic. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 'The Good Doctor' score big in premiere week broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 18, 2017). "'The Orville,' 'Once Upon a Time,' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 2, 2017). "'Chicago PD,' 10 more shows double in week 4 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 12 more shows double in week 6 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 27, 2017). "'This Is Us' rides high in week 7 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 10 other shows double in week 8 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "CW crossovers get another bump in week 10 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Agents of SHIELD' gets a good bump in week 11 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 12, 2018). "'9-1-1' premiere gets a good boost in the week 15 broadcast Live +3 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'The Brave' goes from low to... less low: Week 16 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
General references
"Shows A-Z – big bang theory, the on CBS". The Futon Critic. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
"The Big Bang Theory: Episode Guide". MSN TV. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
"The Big Bang Theory Episode Guide". Zap2It. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
External links[edit]
List of The Big Bang Theory episodes on IMDb
The Big Bang Theory: Season 11 at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
v
t
e
The Big Bang Theory
Characters
Leonard Hofstadter
Sheldon Cooper
Penny
Howard Wolowitz
Raj Koothrappali
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
Season 2
"The Terminator Decoupling"
Season 3
"The Jiminy Conjecture"
Season 4
"The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification"
"The Hot Troll Deviation"
"The Love Car Displacement"
"The Toast Derivation"
"The Roommate Transmogrification"
Season 5
"The Skank Reflex Analysis"
"The Infestation Hypothesis"
"The Wiggly Finger Catalyst"
"The Russian Rocket Reaction"
"The Rhinitis Revelation"
"The Good Guy Fluctuation"
"The Isolation Permutation"
"The Flaming Spittoon Acquisition"
"The Shiny Trinket Maneuver"
"The Recombination Hypothesis"
"The Beta Test Initiation"
"The Werewolf Transformation"
"The Hawking Excitation"
"The Stag Convergence"
"The Countdown Reflection"
Season 6
"The Fish Guts Displacement"
"The Santa Simulation"
"The Egg Salad Equivalency"
Season 7
"The Hofstadter Insufficiency"
"The Convention Conundrum"
Season 8
"The Locomotion Interruption"
Season 9
Season 10
Season 11
Recurring concepts
"Soft Kitty"
Related articles
Awards and nominations
Bazinga (genus)
Euglossa bazinga
Young Sheldon
Portal
Category
Book
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text:
Double-track railway
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the use of two tracks on a railway line. For the sound recording technique, see doubletracking.
"Double line" redirects here. For other uses, see Double line (disambiguation).
A double-track railway line
Double track on the Lille-Fontinettes railway at Steenwerck between Gare de Lille Flandres and Calais Ville.
A double-track railway usually involves running one track in each direction, compared to a single-track railway where trains in both directions share the same track.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Operation
2.1 Handedness
2.2 Bi-directional running
2.3 Crossing loops
2.4 Track centres
2.5 Accidents
2.6 Temporary single track
3 Out-of-gauge trains
4 Passing lanes
5 Construction
5.1 Duplication
5.1.1 Tunnel duplication
5.2 Provision for duplication
5.3 Never-used provision for duplication
5.4 Singling
5.5 Tunnel singling
5.5.1 Other tunnel singling
5.6 Wartime doubling
6 Triple track
7 Dual gauge
8 Quadruple track
9 Oddities
9.1 Non-parallel double track
9.2 Directional running
10 Mixing double and single track
11 References
12 External links
Overview[edit]
Brough station, Yorkshire, UK. Platform 1 is for trains north and east bound, platform 2 is for trains south and west bound
Partially restored double-track section south of Wymondham Abbey, Norfolk, UK on the Mid-Norfolk Railway
In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most lines were built as double-track because of the difficulty of co-ordinating operations before the invention of the telegraph. The lines also tended to be busy enough to be beyond the capacity of a single track. In the early days the Board of Trade did not consider any single-track railway line to be complete.
Double track at Titanic Quarter, UK on the Belfast-Bangor railway line.
Trains on right side
Trains on left side
In the earliest days of railways in the United States most lines were built as single-track for reasons of cost, and very inefficient timetable working systems were used to prevent head-on collisions on single lines. This improved with the development of the telegraph and the train order system.
Operation[edit]
Handedness[edit]
See also: Right- and left-hand traffic
In any given country, rail traffic generally runs to one side of a double-track line, not always the same side as road traffic. Thus in Belgium, China, France (apart from the former German Alsace and Lorraine), Sweden, Switzerland and Italy for example, the railways use left-hand running, while the roads use right-hand running. In countries such as Indonesia, it is the reverse (right-hand running for railways and left-hand running for roads).
On the (pre-1918) French-German border, for example, flyovers were provided so that trains moving on the left in France end up on the right in Germany and vice versa.
Handedness of traffic can affect locomotive design. For the driver, visibility is good from both sides of the driving cab so the choice on which side to site the driver less important. For example, the French SNCF Class BB 7200 is designed for using the left-hand track and therefore uses LHD. When the design was modified for use in the Netherlands as NS Class 1600, the driving cab was not completely redesigned, keeping the driver on the left despite the fact that trains use the right-hand track in the Netherlands.[1] Generally, the left/right principle in a country is followed mostly on double track. On single track, when trains meet, the train that shall not stop often uses the straight path in the turnout, which can be left or right.[2]
Bi-directional running[edit]
Further information: Single-line working
Double-track railways, especially older ones, may use each track exclusively in one direction. This arrangement simplifies the signalling systems, especially where the signalling is mechanical (e.g. semaphore signals).
Where the signals and points (UK term) or rail switches (US) are power-operated, it can be worthwhile to signal each line in both directions, so that the double line becomes a pair of single lines. This allows trains to use one track where the other track is out of service due to track maintenance work, or a train failure, or for a fast train to overtake a slow train.
Crossing loops[edit]
Most crossing loops are not regarded as double-track even though they consist of multiple tracks. If the crossing loop is long enough to hold several trains, and to allow opposing trains to cross without slowing down or stopping, then that may be regarded as double-track. A more modern British term for such a layout is an extended loop.
Track centres[edit]
Further information: Track spacing
The distance between the track centres makes a difference in cost and performance of a double-track line. The track centres can be as narrow and as cheap as possible, but maintenance must be done on the side. Signals for bi-directional working cannot be mounted between the tracks so must be mounted on the 'wrong' side of the line or on expensive signal bridges. For standard gauge tracks the distance may be 4 metres (13 ft) or less. Track centres are usually wider on high speed lines, as pressure waves knock each other as high-speed trains pass.
Increasing width of track centres of 6 metres (20 ft) or more makes it much easier to mount signals and overhead wiring structures. Very wide centres at major bridges can have military value. It also makes it harder for rogue ships and barges knocking out both bridges in the same accident.
Railway lines in desert areas affected by sand dunes are sometimes built on alternate routes so that if one is covered by sand, the other(s) are still serviceable.
If the standard track centre is changed, it can take a very long time for most or all tracks to be brought into line.
Accidents[edit]
On British lines, the space between the two running rails of a single railway track is called the "four foot" (owing to it being 'four foot something' in width), while the space between the different tracks is called the "six foot". It is not safe to stand in the gap between the tracks when trains pass by on both lines, as happened in the Bere Ferrers accident of 1917.
Narrow track centres on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway contributed to a fatal accident on opening day.
A US naval scientist and submarine pioneer, Captain Jacques, was killed getting out of the wrong side of a train at Hadley Wood in 1916.[3]
Narrow track centres contribute to "Second Train Coming" accidents at level crossings since it is harder to see the second train – for example, the accident at Elsenham level crossing in 2005.
Temporary single track[edit]
When one track of a double-track railway is out of service for maintenance or a train breaks down, all trains may be concentrated on the one good track. There may be bi-directional signalling and suitable crossovers to enable trains to move on to the other track expeditiously (see, for example, the article on the Channel Tunnel), or there may be some kind of manual safeworking to control trains on what is now a section of single track. See single-line working.
Accidents can occur if the temporary safeworking system is not implemented properly:
Brühl train disaster, Germany – 2000.
2006 Zoufftgen rail crash, France
Out-of-gauge trains[edit]
From time to time, railways are asked to transport exceptional loads such as massive electrical transformers that are too tall, too wide or too heavy to operate normally. Special measures must be carefully taken to plan successful and safe operation of Out-of-gauge trains. For example, adjacent tracks of a double line might have to be shut down to avoid collisions with trains on those adjacent tracks.
Passing lanes[edit]
To improve travel times and increase line capacity, the 300 kilometres (190 mi) of line between Junee and Melbourne is to be partially duplicated in a configuration called Passing lanes. Existing crossing loops are mostly 900 metres (3,000 ft) and 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) long, and these will be enhanced by loops 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long which are long enough to be regarded as nearly double track.
Construction[edit]
Duplication[edit]
The process of expanding a single track to double track is called duplication or doubling, unless the expansion is to restore what was previously double track, in which case it is called redoubling.
The strongest evidence that a line was built as single-track and duplicated at a later date consists of major structures such as bridges and tunnels that are twinned. One example is the twin Slade tunnels on the Ilfracombe Branch Line in the UK. Twinned structures may be identical in appearance, or like some tunnels between Adelaide and Belair in South Australia, substantially different in appearance, being built to different structure gauges.
Tunnel duplication[edit]
Tunnels are confined spaces and are difficult to duplicate while trains keep on running. Generally they are duplicated by building a second tunnel. An exception is the Hoosac Tunnel, which was duplicated by enlarging the bore.
Provision for duplication[edit]
To reduce initial costs of a line that is certain to see heavy traffic in the future, a line may be built as single-track but with earthworks and structures designed for ready duplication. An example is the Strathfield to Hamilton line in New South Wales, which was constructed as mainly single-track in the 1880s, with full duplication completed around 1910. All bridges, tunnels, stations, and earthworks were built for double track. Stations with platforms with 11' centres had to be widened later to 12' centres, except for Gosford.
The former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) line between Baltimore and Jersey City, now owned by CSX and Conrail Shared Assets Operations, is an example of a duplication line that was reduced to single-track in most locations, but has since undergone re-duplication in many places between Baltimore and Philadelphia when CSX increased freight schedules in the late 1990s.
Also:
Smardale Gill viaduct.
Westerham line.
The Menangle Bridge was single track (1863) but built for double track (1890s). A second track was laid temporarily to allow testing both tracks at once.[4]
Never-used provision for duplication[edit]
Some lines are built as single-track with provision for duplication, but the duplication is never carried out. Examples include:
Swanage Railway
Bluebell Railway: Horsted Keynes to Culver Junction (Lewes).
Keighley and Worth Valley Railway – including bridge and tunnels and a deviation.
Westerham in Kent.
Mid-Wales Railway (parts).
Neath and Brecon Railway
Monkerei Tunnel in New South Wales – double track size at summit reduces fume problem in tunnel.
Golgotha Tunnel near Eythorne on the East Kent Light Railway was only partly excavated for the second track.
Skitube Alpine Railway – A provision for a second 300-metre-long passing loop has been made inside the tunnel.
Linha do Leste and Linha do Alentejo in Portugal. The embankments in all bridges were built to double track but the second one was never installed.
Singling[edit]
Rail track after singling, seen at Charlbury station, Oxfordshire, UK (before the line there was redoubled in 2011)
When the capacity of a double-track railway is in excess of requirements, the two tracks may be reduced to one. In some countries this is called singling. Notable examples of this in the United Kingdom occurred on the Oxford-Worcester-Hereford, Princes Risborough-Banbury and Salisbury-Exeter main lines during the 1970s and 1980s. In all these cases, increases in traffic from the late 1990s have led to the partial reinstatement of double track. In New Zealand the Melling Line was singled to the Western Hutt Railway Station in Lower Hutt in 1958 after it became a branch line rather than part of the main Hutt Valley Line.
Tunnel singling[edit]
A double-track tunnel with restricted clearances is sometimes singled to form a single track tunnel with more generous clearances, such as the Connaught Tunnel in Canada or the Tickhole Tunnel in New South Wales, Australia. In the case of the Tickhole Tunnel a new single-track tunnel was built and the two tracks in the original tunnel were replaced by one track in the centreline of the tunnel. Another case where this was necessary was the Hastings Line in the United Kingdom, where the tunnels were eventually singled to permit the passage of standard British-gauge rolling stock. Before the singling, narrow-bodied stock, specially constructed for the line, had to be used.
As part of the Regional Fast Rail project in Victoria, Australia, the rail line between Kyneton and Bendigo was converted from double- to single-track to provide additional clearance through tunnels and under bridges for trains travelling at up to 160 km/h (99 mph).
A similar process can be followed on narrow bridges (like the bridge north of Drogheda railway station in Ireland).
The bridge over the Murray River between Albury and Wodonga is double-track, but because of insufficient strength in the bridge only one train is allowed on it at a time.
Other tunnel singling[edit]
Hoosac Tunnel, Guilford Rail System, Massachusetts, US.[5]
Old Main Line Subdivision, B&O, Maryland, US. Entire 58 miles (93 km) subdivision was single-tracked to utilize higher clearances of the 9 tunnels on the line.[6]
Whitehall Tunnel, B&O, Pennsylvania, US.
Wartime doubling[edit]
Railways that become especially busy in wartime and are duplicated, especially in World War I, may revert to single track when peace arises and the extra capacity is no longer required. The Flanders campaign saw duplication of the Hazebrouck–Ypres line, amongst other works.
Triple track[edit]
Severe gradients made the headway in the uphill direction much worse than the headway in the downhill direction. Between Whittingham and Maitland, New South Wales, a third track is being provided[when?] to equalize the headway in both directions for heavy coal traffic. Triple track could be a compromise between double-track and quad-track; such a system was proposed south of Stockholm Central Station, but was cancelled in favor of Citybanan.
In Melbourne several double track lines have a third track signalled in both directions, so that two lines are available in the peak direction in the AM and PM peaks.
Triple track is used in some parts of the New York City Subway to supplement rush-hour service on some lines.
The Union Pacific Railroad mainline through Nebraska has a 108-mile stretch of triple track between North Platte NE and Gibbon Junction NE, due to a high traffic density of 150 trains per day.
Dual gauge[edit]
The Melbourne to Albury railway originally consisted of separate 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) gauge single track lines, but when traffic on the broad gauge declined, the lines were converted to bi-directional double track 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) gauge lines.
Quadruple track[edit]
Main article: Quadruple track
Quadruple track consists of four parallel tracks. On a quad-track line, faster trains can overtake slower ones. Quadruple track is mostly used when there are "local" trains that stop often (or slow freight trains), and also faster inter-city or high-speed "express" trains. It can also be used in commuter rail or rapid transit, usually with the two outer tracks carrying the local trains that stop at every station, while the inner tracks carry the faster express trains that stop at fewer, busier stations; this can also be reversed, with express trains on the outside and locals on the inside. At the local train stations, the express trains pass through the station at full speed.
The most notable example of quadruple track in the United States, and perhaps the only four-track section of mainline therein, was the Pennsylvania Railroad's main corridor through the heart of Pennsylvania around the famous Horseshoe Curve. This line is now owned by Norfolk Southern. Other examples include the Hudson and New Haven Lines, both of which are shared between Metro-North and Amtrak in New York and Connecticut. The New Haven Line is quadruple track along its entire length, while the Hudson Line is only quadruple tracked along the shared portion from Riverdale to Croton–Harmon and along the shared track from Grand Central Terminal to Yankees–East 153rd Street.
Outside the United States the Chūō Main Line is an example of a modern, heavily utilized urban quadruple track railway.
Quadruple track is used in rapid transit systems as well: throughout the New York City Subway, the Chicago "L"'s North Side Main Line, and SEPTA's Broad Street Line in the United States, and on the London Underground in the United Kingdom.
Oddities[edit]
Non-parallel double track[edit]
The two tracks of a double-track railway do not have to follow the same alignment if the terrain is difficult. At Frampton, New South Wales, Australia, the uphill track follows something of a horseshoe curve at 1 in 75 gradient, while the shorter downhill track follows the original single track at 1 in 40 grades.
A similar arrangement to Frampton could not be adopted between Rydal and Sodwalls because the 1 in 75 uphill track is on the wrong side of the 1 in 40 downhill track, so both tracks follow the 1 in 75 grade. Another example is at Gunning.
Between Junee and Marina, New South Wales, Australia the two tracks are at different levels, with the original southbound and downhill track following ground level with a steep gradient, while the newer northbound and uphill track has a gentler gradient at the cost of more cut and fill.
At Bethungra, New South Wales, Australia, the downhill track follows the original short and steep alignment, while the uphill track follows a longer, more easily graded alignment including a spiral.
At Saunderton, United Kingdom, what became the London-to-Birmingham main line of the Great Western Railway in 1909 was initially part of a single-track branch line from Maidenhead. Down trains follow the route of the old branch line, while up trains follow a more gently graded new construction through a tunnel. This scheme avoided the cost of a new double-track tunnel.
Directional running[edit]
Directional running is when two separate lines are operationally combined to act as a double-track line by converting each line to unidirectional traffic. An example of directional running occurs in central Nevada. The Western Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads, longtime rivals who each built and operated tracks between northern California and Utah, agreed to share their lines between meeting points near Winnemucca and Wells, a distance of approximately 180 miles (290 km).[7] Westbound trains from both companies used the Southern Pacific's Overland Route while eastbound trains used the Western Pacific's Feather River Route (now called the Central Corridor).[8] The Union Pacific Railroad has since acquired both of these lines, and continues to operate them as separate lines in a directional running setup.[9]
In the Nevada example, crossovers were constructed where the lines ran in close proximity to allow reverse movements. This was necessary as at points the two tracks are several miles apart and some destinations can only be accessed from one of the lines. In other cases, where the shared lines already run in close proximity, the two companies may share facilities. In Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, where the former Reading Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad shared lines, the lines even shared overhead electrical wire supports, for a 2-mile stretch on the northern bank of the Schuylkill River. Both lines eventually came under Conrail ownership in 1976, with the former PRR line being abandoned and now used as a hike/bike path.[10]
An unusual example used to exist on the Isle of Wight, where until 1926 parallel tracks between Smallbrook Junction and St John's Road existed. The Southern Railway installed the actual junction, but it was only used during heavily trafficked summer months. During the winter, the lines reverted to separate single-track routes.[11]
Mixing double and single track[edit]
Because double and single track may use different signalling systems, it may be awkward and confusing to mix double and single track too often. For example, intermediate mechanical signal boxes on a double-track line can be closed during periods of light traffic, but this cannot be done if there is a single-line section in between. This problem is less serious with electrical signalling such as Centralized traffic control.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gerrit Nieuwenhuis (2005). Nieuw Spoor. De Alk bv. p. 91. ISBN 9060132467.
Jump up ^ "Die Functionsweise der Apparaturen auf den automatischen Kreuzungsstationen ist so programmiert, dass den Zügen immer freie Fahrt über das Stationsgleis mit der höheren V max signalisiert wird, sofern der vorausliegende Abschnitt frei ist." Paul Caminada (1982). Der Bau der Rhätischen Bahn. Orell Füssli. p. 158. ISBN 3280014239.
Jump up ^ "Pioneer of Submarines.". The Argus. Melbourne. 29 November 1916. p. 8. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "OPENING OF THE RAILWAY TO PICTON.". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 21 July 1863. p. 8. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Solomon, Brian (2003). Railway Masterpieces. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 122. ISBN 9780715317433. OCLC 52695896.
Jump up ^ Harwood, Jr., Herbert H. (1979). Impossible Challenge: The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in Maryland. Baltimore, Maryland: Barnard, Roberts. p. 174. ISBN 0-934118-17-5.
Jump up ^ "Eureka County, Yucca Mountain Existing Transportation Corridor Study". Eureka County – Yucca Mountain Project. 2005. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
Jump up ^ Nevada Road and Recreation Atlas (Map) (2003 ed.). 1:250000. Benchmark Maps. 2003. p. 41–44. ISBN 0-929591-81-X.
Jump up ^ "Eureka County, Yucca Mountain Existing Transportation Corridor Study". Eureka County – Yucca Mountain Project. 2005. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
Jump up ^ Trains November 2009, p46
Jump up ^ Hardy, Brian (2003). Tube Trains on the Isle of Wight. Harrow Weald, Middlesex: Capital Transport. p. 8. ISBN 1-85414-276-3.
External links[edit]
Duplication in Australia
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Double-track railway lines.
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Points (rail)

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values: Hamilton railway station, New South Wales

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Southern Pacific Railroad

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Reading Railroad

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Smallbrook Junction

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Southern Railway (Great Britain)

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