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United Nations Environment Programme
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United Nations Environment Programme
Abbreviation
UN Environment
Formation
000000001972-06-05-00005 June 1972
Type
Programme
Legal status
Active
Headquarters
Nairobi, Kenya
Head
Erik Solheim
Parent organization
United Nations
Website
https://www.unenvironment.org/
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an agency of United Nations and coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. It was founded by Maurice Strong, its first director, as a result of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Conference) in June 1972 and has overall responsibility for environmental problems among United Nations agencies but international talks on specialized issues, such as addressing climate change or combating desertification, are overseen by other UN organizations, like the Bonn-based Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. UN Environment activities cover a wide range of issues regarding the atmosphere, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance and green economy. It has played a significant role in developing international environmental conventions, promoting environmental science and information and illustrating the way those can be implemented in conjunction with policy, working on the development and implementation of policy with national governments, regional institutions in conjunction with environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs). UN Environment has also been active in funding and implementing environment related development projects.
UN Environment has aided in the formulation of guidelines and treaties on issues such as the international trade in potentially harmful chemicals, transboundary air pollution, and contamination of international waterways. Relevant documents, including scientific papers, are available via the UNEP Document Repository.[1]
The World Meteorological Organization and UN Environment established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. UN Environment is also one of several Implementing Agencies for the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, and it is also a member of the United Nations Development Group.[2] The International Cyanide Management Code, a program of best practice for the chemical's use at gold mining operations, was developed under UN Environment's aegis.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Governance
2.1 Executive Director
2.2 List of Executive Directors
2.3 Structure
3 Activities
3.1 Notable achievements
3.2 Reports
3.3 International years
4 Reform
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History[edit]
UNEP headquarters was established in Nairobi, Kenya, on 5 June 1972 as an outcome from the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment with a staff of 300, 100 of them professionals in a variety of fields and with a five‐year fund of more than $100 million. At the time, $40 million were pledged by the United States and the rest by 50 other nations.[3]
Governance[edit]
Executive Director[edit]
UNEP's current Executive Director Erik Solheim succeeded the previous director Achim Steiner in 2016. As a media friendly approach, UNEP often uses the term UN Environment.
The position was held for 17 years (1975–1992) by Dr. Mostafa Kamal Tolba, who was instrumental in bringing environmental considerations to the forefront of global thinking and action. Under his leadership, UN Environment's most widely acclaimed success—the historic 1987 agreement to protect the ozone layer—the Montreal Protocol was negotiated.
During December 1972, the UN General Assembly unanimously elected Maurice Strong to head UN Environment. Also Secretary General of both the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which launched the world environment movement, and the 1992 Earth Summit, Strong has played a critical role is globalizing the environmental movement.
List of Executive Directors[edit]
#
Picture
Name
(Birth–Death)'
Nationality
Took office
Left office
1 Maurice Strong[4]
(1929-2015) Canada 1972 1975
2 Mostafa Kamal Tolba
(1922-2016) Egypt 1975 1992
3 Elizabeth Dowdeswell
(born 1944) Canada 1992 1998
4 Klaus Töpfer
(born 1938) Germany 1998 2006
5 Achim Steiner
(born 1961) Brazil 2006 2016
6 Erik Solheim
(born 1955) Norway 2016 Present
Structure[edit]
UNEP's structure includes seven substantive Divisions:[citation needed]
Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA)
Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI)
Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE)
Regional Cooperation (DRC)
Environmental Law and Conventions (DELC)
Communications and Public Information (DCPI)
Global Environment Facility Coordination (DGEF)
Activities[edit]
UNEP's main activities are related to:[5]
climate change;
including the Territorial Approach to Climate Change (TACC);
disasters and conflicts;
ecosystem management;
environmental governance;
environment under review;
harmful substances;
resource efficiency.
Notable achievements[edit]
UNEP has registered several successes, such as the 1987 Montreal Protocol for limiting emissions of gases blamed for thinning the planet's protective ozone layer, or the 2012 Minamata Convention, a treaty to limit toxic mercury.[6]
UNEP has sponsored the development of solar loan programs, with attractive return rates, to buffer the initial deployment costs and entice consumers to consider and purchase solar PV systems. The most famous example is the solar loan program sponsored by UN Environment helped 100,000 people finance solar power systems in India.[7] Success in India's solar programme has led to similar projects in other parts of the developing world like Tunisia, Morocco, Indonesia and Mexico.
UNEP sponsors the Marshlands project in the Middle East. In 2001, UN Environment alerted the international community to the destruction of the Marshlands when it released satellite images showing that 90 percent of the Marshlands had already been lost. The UN Environment "support for Environmental Management of the Iraqi Marshland" commenced in August 2004, in order to manage the Marshland area in an environmentally sound manner.[8]
In order to ensure full participation of global communities, UN Environment works in an inclusive fashion that brings on board different societal cohorts. UN Environment has a programme for young people known as Tunza. Within this program are other projects like the AEO for Youth.[9]
Glaciers shrinking
Further information: Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Glaciers are shrinking at record rates and many could disappear within decades, the U.N. Environment Programme said on 16 March 2008. The scientists measuring the health of almost 30 glaciers around the world found that ice loss reached record levels in 2006. On average, the glaciers shrank by 4.9 feet in 2006, the most recent year for which data are available. The most severe loss was recorded at Norway's Breidalblikkbrea glacier, which shrank 10.2 feet in 2006. Glaciers lost an average of about a foot of ice a year between 1980 and 1999. But since the turn of the millennium the average loss has increased to about 20 inches.[10]
Electric vehicles
At the fifth Magdeburg Environmental Forum held from 3–4 July 2008, in Magdeburg, Germany, UN Environment and car manufacturer Daimler called for the establishment of infrastructure for electric vehicles. At this international conference, 250 high-ranking representatives from ce, politics and non-government organizations discussed solutions for future road transportation under the motto of "Sustainable Mobility–the Post-2012 CO2 Agenda".[11]
Reports[edit]
UNEP publishes many reports, atlases and newsletters. For instance, the fifth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-5) assessment is a comprehensive report on environment, development and human well-being, providing analysis and information for policy makers and the concerned public. One of many points in the GEO-5 warns that we are living far beyond our means. It notes that the human population is now so large that the amount of resources needed to sustain it exceeds what is available.
In June 2010, a report from UN Environment declared that a global shift towards a vegan diet was needed to save the world from hunger, fuel shortages and climate change.[12]
International years[edit]
2007 – (International) Year of the Dolphin
(International) Patron of the Year of the Dolphin was H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco, with Special Ambassador to the cause being Nick Carter, of the Backstreet Boys.[13]
2010 – International Year of Biodiversity
2011 – International Year of Forests
2012 – International Year for Sustainable Energy for All
2013 – International Year of Water Cooperation
(See international observance and list of environmental dates.)
Reform[edit]
See also: UNEO and IRENA
Following the publication of Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in February 2007, a "Paris Call for Action" read out by French President Jacques Chirac and supported by 46 countries, called for the United Nations Environment Programme to be replaced by a new and more powerful "United Nations Environment Organization (UNEO)", also called Global Environment Organisation now supported by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, to be modelled on the World Health Organization. The 46 countries included the European Union nations, but notably did not include the United States, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and China, the top four emitters of greenhouse gases.[14]
In December 2012, following the Rio+20 Summit, a decision by the General Assembly of the United Nations to 'strengthen and upgrade' the UN Environment Programme (UN Environment) and establish universal membership of its governing body was confirmed.
See also[edit]
Sustainable development portal
2010 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership
United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative
Global warming
International Renewable Energy Agency
Melbourne Principles
Miss Earth Foundation
Timeline of environmental events
UNEP GEO Data Portal
UNEP/GRID-Arendal
United Nations Billion Tree Campaign
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Home". UNEP Document Repository. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "About » UNDG at the Global Level » UNDG". United Nations Development Group. 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Gladwinn Hill (October 20, 1975), U.N. Environment Effort: A Start, a Long Way to Go New York Times.
Jump up ^ Schrijver, Nico (2010). Development Without Destruction: The UN and Global Resource Management. United Nations Intellectual History Project Series. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-253-22197-1.
Jump up ^ "United Nations Environment Programme". unep.org. November 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Alister Doyle (February 17, 2013 ), Reformed U.N. formula for making planet greener to get first test Reuters.
Jump up ^ Solar loan program in India
Jump up ^ UN Environment Marshland project in Middle East Archived October 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ AEO-for-Youth Archived December 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ U.N.: Glaciers shrinking at record rate
Jump up ^ "UNEP and Daimler Call for Infrastructure for Electric and Fuel-cell Vehicles". Climate-L.org. 4 July 2008. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ Felicity Carus UN urges global move to meat and dairy-free diet, The Guardian, 2 June 2010
Also see "Energy and Agriculture Top Resource Panel's Priority List for Sustainable 21st Century", United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment), Brussels, 2 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Newswise Science News | Pop Superstar Nick Carter to Help Wild Dolphins and Oceans
Jump up ^ Doyle, Alister (2007-02-03). "46 nations call for tougher U.N. environment role". Reuters. [dead link]
Further reading[edit]
United Nations Environment Programme. "Natural Allies: UNEP and Civil Society." Nairobi: United Nations Foundation, 2004.
Paul Berthoud, A Professional Life Narrative, 2008, worked with UNEP and offers testimony from the inside of the early years of the organization.
Dodds, F., Strauss, M., with Strong, M., 2012, Only One Earth: The Long Road via Rio to Sustainable Development. London Earthscan
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Nations Environment Programme.
United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP Finance Initiative
Frankfurt School – UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance
United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC)
UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development
UNEP/GRID-Europe
UNEP GEO Data Portal
Sindrom Kodok Pada Manusia (Indonesia Language)
Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment
UNEP Regional Seas Programme
Resources on United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP
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VIAF: 154177537
LCCN: n80002388
ISNI: 0000 0001 2189 1824
GND: 13260-3
SELIBR: 133603
SUDOC: 086020609
BNF: cb11866053z (data)
BIBSYS: 90133126
ULAN: 500287462
NLA: 35174595
NDL: 00288559
NKC: kn20010710011
BNE: XX138962
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text:
If You Could Read My Mind
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the album sometimes known by the same name, see Sit Down Young Stranger.
"If You Could Read My Mind"
Single by Gordon Lightfoot
from the album Sit Down Young Stranger
B-side
"Poor Little Allison"
Released
December 1970
Recorded
1970
Genre
Soft rock, Folk rock
Length
3:48
Label
Reprise
Songwriter(s)
Gordon Lightfoot
Producer(s)
Lenny Waronker and Joseph Wissert
Gordon Lightfoot singles chronology
"Approaching Lavender"
(1970) "If You Could Read My Mind"
(1970) "This Is My Song"
(1971)
"Approaching Lavender"
(1970) "If You Could Read My Mind"
(1970) "This Is My Song"
(1971)
"If You Could Read My Mind" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot. It reached number one on Canadian music charts and was his first recording to appear on the American music charts, reaching number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in February 1971. Later in the year it reached number 30 in the UK. The song also reached number one for one week on the Billboard Easy Listening chart,[1] and was the first of four Lightfoot releases to reach number one.
This song first appeared on Lightfoot's 1970 album Sit Down Young Stranger, which was later renamed If You Could Read My Mind following the song's success.
Lightfoot has cited his divorce for inspiring the lyrics,[2] saying they came to him as he was sitting in a vacant Toronto house one summer.[3] At the request of his daughter, Ingrid, he performs the lyrics with a slight change now: the line "I'm just trying to understand the feelings that you lack" is altered to "I'm just trying to understand the feelings that we lack." He has said in an interview that the difficulty with writing songs inspired by personal stories is that there is not always the emotional distance and clarity to make lyrical improvements such as the one his daughter suggested.[4]
In 1987 Lightfoot took a lawsuit out against the writer of "The Greatest Love of All", alleging plagiarism of 24 bars of "If You Could Read My Mind". Lightfoot has stated that he dropped the lawsuit when he felt it was having a negative effect on the singer Whitney Houston, as the lawsuit was about the writer and not her.[5]
The song is in A major and uses the subtonic chord.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
1.1 Weekly charts
1.2 Year-end charts
2 Other versions
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1970-71)
Peak
position
Canadian RPM Top Singles 1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary 1
US Billboard Easy Listening 1
US Billboard Hot 100 5
New Zealand Singles Chart 19
Australian Go-Set Chart[7] 28
UK Singles Chart 30
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Rank
Canada Top Singles [8] 17
US Billboard Hot 100[9] 38
Other versions[edit]
"If You Could Read My Mind"
Single by Stars on 54
from the album 54: Music from the Miramax Motion Picture, Volume 2
Released
1998
Format
CD single
Recorded
1998
Genre
Dance-pop
Length
3:26
Label
Tommy Boy Music (UK)
Songwriter(s)
Gordon Lightfoot
Producer(s)
The Berman Brothers
The song was covered by Barbra Streisand on her 1971 album, Stoney End.
In 1980, Viola Wills peaked at number two for five weeks on the dance/disco charts with a dance version of the song.[10]
The house music collective Stars on 54 recorded a version of the song for the 1998 film, 54, reaching number three on Australia's ARIA Singles Chart[11] and Canada's RPM Singles Chart,[12] as well as number six on New Zealand's RIANZ Singles Chart.[11]
The song has been covered by many other artists, including Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Petula Clark, Jack Jones, Ultra Nate, Don Williams, Johnny Cash, Duane Steele, Don McLean, Kalan Porter, Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass, Olivia Newton-John, Liza Minnelli, Diana Krall and Sarah McLachlan, Glen Campbell, Gene Clark, Aurora featuring Marcella Detroit, Amber, Gordon Haskell, Vikki Carr, Daliah Lavi, the Mexican Actress/model/singer Isabel Madow (in Spanish, as "Sí Pudieras Leer Mi Mente"), Beckie Menzie and Joe Dassin (with French lyrics as "Si tu peux lire en moi"), Hector (in Finnish, as "Jos Lukisit Kuin Kirjaa"), etc. The covered version by The Spotnicks was adopted as an unofficial theme for the 1972 Summer Olympics.[1]
Country music artist Dwight Yoakam performs the song in his live sets on a regular basis.
Holly Cole covers this song on the 2012 album Night.
Canadian singer Connie Kaldor recorded the song on the Gordon Lightfoot tribute album Beautiful. A Tribute to Gordon Lightfoot in 2003. Canadian musician Neil Young released a cover of this song on his 2014 album A Letter Home.[13] Canadian jazz singer Diana Krall released a cover as a duet with Sarah McLachlan on "The Complete Sessions" release of Krall's 2015 album Wallflower.
It has also been used in motion pictures and television shows, including:
Paperback Hero (1973), starring Keir Dullea and Elizabeth Ashley
Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)
54 (1998) by Stars on 54 (Amber, Ultra Naté, and Jocelyn Enriquez)
Trigger Happy TV (2000)
Closing sequence of Wonderland (2003)
Cold Case, episode "Honor" (episode 8, season 3, 2005)
We Are Marshall (2006)
The Blacklist, episode "Mato" (episode 2, season 4, 2016)
Mr. Robot, episode "eps3.2_legacy.so" (episode 3, season 3, 2017)
UK CD maxi single by Stars on 54 (1998)
No.
Title
Length
1. "If You Could Read My Mind" (Original Edit) 3:27
2. "If You Could Read My Mind" (Hex Hector Club Mix) 7:48
3. "If You Could Read My Mind" (Original Club Mix) 6:10
Total length: 17:25
See also[edit]
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1971 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 146.
Jump up ^ "Gordon Lightfoot 'still out there'" South Coast Today (Martin Griffith, Associated Press) 4-Dec-2000
Jump up ^ Victoria Ahearn (2010-02-02). "How Gordon Lightfoot wrote 'If You Could Read My Mind'". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
Jump up ^ Lydia Hutchinson (2012-11-17). "Happy Birthday, Gordon Lightfoot". Performing Songwriter Magazine. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
Jump up ^ Wake, Matt. "Gordon Lightfoot on Elvis, Dylan covering his songs, not suing Whitney over 'The Greatest Love of All'". AL.com. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Stephenson, Ken (2002). What to Listen for in Rock: A Stylistic Analysis, p.92. ISBN 978-0-300-09239-4.
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Australian charts - 22 May 1971". Poparchives.com.au. 1971-05-22. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1971.htm Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003. Record Research. p. 281.
^ Jump up to: a b "STARS ON 54 - IF YOU COULD READ MY MIND (SONG)". Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada". Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Greene, Andy (18 April 2014). "Neil Young's New Covers Album Available Right Now: Surprise!". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song
Page about song at Canadian Encyclopedia
Stars on 54 - If You Could Read My Mind
[show]
v
t
e
Gordon Lightfoot
Band musicians
Rick Haynes
Barry Keane
Mike Heffernan
Carter Lancaster
Former members
Red Shea
John Stockfish
Terry Clements
Pee Wee Charles
Albums
Lightfoot! (1966)
The Way I Feel (1967)
Did She Mention My Name? (1968)
Back Here on Earth (1968)
Sunday Concert (live) (1969)
Sit Down Young Stranger (1970)
Summer Side of Life (1971)
Don Quixote (1972)
Old Dan's Records (1972)
Sundown (1974)
Cold on the Shoulder (1975)
Summertime Dream (1976)
Endless Wire (1978)
Dream Street Rose (1980)
Shadows (1982)
Salute (1983)
East of Midnight (1986)
Waiting for You (1993)
A Painter Passing Through (1998)
Harmony (2004)
All Live (live) (2012)
Compilations
Early Lightfoot (1969)
The Best of Gordon Lightfoot (1970)
Classic Lightfoot (1971)
The Very Best of Gordon Lightfoot (1974)
The Very Best of Gordon Lightfoot, Vol. 2 (1975)
Gord's Gold (1975)
Early Morning Rain (1976)
Songbook (1985)
Gord's Gold Volume 2 (1988)
The Best of Gordon Lightfoot (1989)
The Original Lightfoot (1992)
The United Artists Collection (1993)
Songbook (1999)
Complete Greatest Hits (2002)
Singles
"(Remember Me) I'm the One" (1962)
"It's Too Late, He Wins/Negotiations" (1962)
"Adios, Adios" (1962)
"Day Before Yesterday" (1963)
"I'm Not Sayin'" (1965)
"Ribbon of Darkness" (1965)
"Spin Spin" (1966)
"Go Go Round" (1966)
"The Way I Feel" (1967)
"Canadian Railroad Trilogy" (1967)
"Black Day in July" (1968)
"Bitter Green" (1968)
"Me and Bobby McGee" (1970)
"If You Could Read My Mind" (1970)
"If I Could" (1971)
"Talking in Your Sleep" (1971)
"Summer Side of Life" (1971)
"Beautiful" (1972)
"Alberta Bound" (1972)
"You Are What I Am" (1972)
"The Same Old Obsession" (1972)
"Can't Depend on Love" (1973)
"It's Worth Believin'" (1973)
"Sundown" (1974)
"Carefree Highway" (1974)
"Rainy Day People" (1975)
"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976)
"Race Among the Ruins" (1976)
"The Circle Is Small (I Can See It in Your Eyes)" (1977)
"Daylight Katy" (1978)
"Dreamland" (1978)
"Dream Street Rose" (1980)
"If You Need Me" (1980)
"Baby Step Back" (1981)
"Blackberry Wine" (1982)
"In My Fashion" (1982)
"Salute (A Lot More Livin' to Do)" (1983)
"Without You" (1983)
"Anything for Love" (1986)
"Stay Loose" (1986)
"East of Midnight" (1987)
"Ecstasy Made Easy" (1987)
"I'll Prove My Love" (1993)
"Waiting for You" (1993)
"A Painter Passing Through" (1998)
"Inspiration Lady" (2004)
Related articles
Discography
Beautiful: A Tribute to Gordon Lightfoot
[show]
v
t
e
Ultra Naté
Studio albums
Blue Notes in the Basement
One Woman's Insanity
Situation: Critical
Stranger than Fiction
Grime, Silk, & Thunder
Hero Worship
Singles
"It's Over Now"
"Is It Love?"
"Rejoicing (I'll Never Forget)"
"Joy"
"Show Me"
"How Long"
"Free"
"Free (The Mixes)"
"Found a Cure"
"New Kind of Medicine"
"Desire"
"Get It Up (The Feeling)"
"I Don't Understand It"
"Brass in Pocket"
"Free" (remixes)
"Freak On"
"Love's the Only Drug"
"Automatic"
"Give It All You Got"
"Twisted (Got Me Goin' Round)"
"Faster Faster Pussycat (Let's Go!)"
"Hey DJ"
"Turn It Up"
"Waiting on You"
Featured singles
"Altitude"
"Party Girl (Turn Me Loose)"
"10,000 Screaming Faggots"
"Partay Feeling"
"If You Could Read My Mind"
"Time of Our Lives"
"Bittersweet Melody"
"Wonderful Place"
"No Wasted Hearts"
Labels
Warner Bros. Records
Strictly Rhythm Records
Silver Label/Tommy Boy Entertainment
[show]
v
t
e
Steve "Silk" Hurley discography
songwriter
"Music Is The Key" (1985)
"Jack Your Body" (1986)
"Let the Music Take Control" (1987)
"Heart of Passion" (1987)
"Cry of the Lonely" (1987)
"Work It Out" (1989)
"Dream about You" (1991)
"Too Blind to See It" (1991)
"Seasons of Love" by Keith Nunnally (1991)
"Take My Advice" (1992)
"Keep on Walkin'" (1992)
"Searchin'" (1993)
"I'm Not Over You" (1994)
"The Word Is Love" (1997)
"Nobody Else" (1998)
"He Loves Me 2" (1999)
"My Boo" (2000)
remixer
"Shadows of Your Love" (1986)
"Jack Your Body" (1986) "Let the Music Take Control" (1987)
"Heart of Passion" (1987)
"Cry of the Lonely" (1987)
"Fine Time" (1988)
"Love Fever" by Culture Clash Dance Party (1990)
"Rebels (Get Righteous)" (1988)
"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)" (1989)
"Work It Out" (1989)
"Cold World" (1989)
"It Ain't Over" by ATC(1990)
"I Don't Know Anybody Else" (1990)
"Fantasy" (1990)
"Love Pains" (1990)
"Seasons of Love" by Keith Nunnally (1991)
"Baby Love" (1991)
"Something Got Me Started" (1991)
"Jam" (1991)
"Welcome to My Groove" (1990)
"Tripping on Your Love" (1991)
"Dream about You" (1991)
"What Would We Do" by DSK (1991)
"Got a Love for You" (1991)
"Strange" (1991)
"Too Blind to See It" (1991)
"Gett Off" (1991)
"Makin' Happy" (1991)
"We Got a Love Thang" (1991)
"Vibeology" (1992)
"Hail to the Queen" by Sex Trip Netwerk (1992)
"Symphony" (1992)
"You're Gonna Love It" (1991)
"Keep on Walkin'" (1992)
"Take My Advice" (1992)
"A Little Bit More" (1992)
"Shake Your Head" (1992)
"Searchin'" (1993)
"I'm In The Mood" (1993)
"I'm Not Over You" (1994)
"I'll Wait" (1994)
"Take a Bow" (1994)
"Invisible" by Public Demand (1996)
"The Word Is Love" (1997)
"Where You Are" (1997)
"Special Love" (1997)
"Nobody Else" (1998)
"Go Down Moses" by Kelly G (1998)
"Rollercoaster" (1998)
"If You Could Read My Mind" (1998)
"He Loves Me 2" (1999) "Rush" (1999)
"Forever" (1999)
"My Boo" (2000)
"Free" by Sevynn (2000)
"Ain't It Funny" (2001)
"Soul Shakedown Party" (2002)
"What About Us?" (2002)
"Runnin' Away" (2003)
producer
"Music Is The Key" (1985)
"Shadows of Your Love" (1986)
"Jack Your Body" (1986)
"Let the Music Take Control" (1987)
"She's So Far Away" (1987)
"Heart of Passion" (1987)
"Cry of the Lonely" (1987)
"Rebels (Get Righteous)" (1988)
"Work It Out" (1989)
"Where Do We Go" (1989)
"Cold World" (1989)
"Welcome to My Groove" (1990)
"Love Pains" (1990)
"It Ain't Over" by ATC(1990)
"Too Blind to See It" (1991)
"What Would We Do" by DSK (1991)
"Seasons of Love" by Keith Nunnally (1991)
"You're Gonna Love It" (1991)
"We Got a Love Thang" (1991)
"Dream about You" (1991)
"Got a Love for You" (1991)
"Baby Love" (1991)
"Take My Advice" (1992)
"A Little Bit More" (1992)
"Keep on Walkin'" (1992)
"Symphony" (1992)
"Shake Your Head" co-produced with Was (Not Was) (1992)
"Searchin'" (1993)
"I'm In The Mood" (1993)
"Take a Bow" (1994)
"Invisible" by Public Demand (1996)
"The Word Is Love" (1997)
"Nobody Else" (1998)
"Special Love" (1997)
"If You Could Read My Mind" (1998)
"Go Down Moses" by Kelly G (1998)
"Rush" (1999)
"He Loves Me 2" (1999)
"Forever" (1999)
"My Boo" (2000)
"Soul Shakedown Party" (2002)
"Runnin' Away" (2003)
[show]
v
t
e
Duane Steele
Studio albums
P.O. Box 423
This Is the Life
I'll Be Alright
Ghost Town
Gas and Time
Compilation albums
Set List
Notable singles
"Stuck on Your Love"
"Anita Got Married"
"The Trouble with Love"
"She's Tough"
"Tell the Girl"
"If I Could Just Get to You"
"If You Could Read My Mind"
Guest singles
"Forever in Love" (with Shirley Myers)
[show]
v
t
e
Jocelyn Enriquez
Studio albums
Lovely
Jocelyn
All My Life
Singles
"Do You Miss Me?"
"If You Could Read My Mind"
Related
Discography
Record labels
Classified Records
Tommy Boy Records
[show]
v
t
e
Colleen Hewett
Studio albums
Colleen Hewett (1972)
M'Lady (1974)
Colleen (1983)
Power of Love (1986)
Tenterfield Dreams: The Musical Journey of Peter Allen (1997)
Bulamama (2001)
Black & White (2015)
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits (1974)
Notable singles
"Superstar"
"Day by Day"
"Carry That Weight"
"Waltzing Matilda"
"Sit Yourself Down"
"I Believe When I Fall in Love "
"If You Could Read My Mind"
"Dreaming My Dreams with You"
"The Wind Beneath My Wings"
"I Hope I Never"
Television, Film and Theatre
The Go!! Show (1964–1967)
Godspell (1972)
Tommy (1973)
Pippin (1974)
The Truckies (1978)
Prison: Cell Block H (1985)
Shadows of the Heart (1990)
Return to the Forbidden Planet (1991)
Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left (1991–1992)
The Boy from Oz (2006)
Shout! The Legend of The Wild One (2008)
The Cup (2011)
Related articles
Festival Records
Atlantic Records
Laurie Allen Revue
The Incredible Penguins
Australian pop music awards
1972) (1973
Helpmann Awards
Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=If_You_Could_Read_My_Mind&oldid=807347538"
Categories:
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Viola Wills songs
Ultra Naté songs
Glen Campbell songs
Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
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Defense Finance and Accounting Service
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Defense Finance and Accounting Service
Official seal
Official logo
Agency overview
Formed
1991
Headquarters
Indianapolis, IN
Employees
12,000
Agency executives
~Teresa (Terri) McKay, Director
~Audrey Davis, Principal Deputy Director
~ Dave McDermott, Deputy Director, Operations
~ Jonathan Witter, Deputy Director, Strategy and Support[1]
Parent department
Department of Defense
Website
www.dfas.mil
The Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense (DOD), headquartered in Indianapolis, IN. DFAS was established in 1991 under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer to strengthen and reduce costs of financial management and operations within DOD. DFAS is responsible for all payments to servicemembers, employees, vendors, and contractors. It provides business intelligence and finance and accounting information to DOD decisionmakers. DFAS is also responsible for preparing annual financial statements and the consolidation, standardization, and modernization of finance and accounting requirements, functions, processes, operations, and systems for DOD.[2]
One of the most visible responsibilities of DFAS is handling military pay. DFAS pays all DoD military and civilian personnel, retirees and annuitants, as well as major DoD contractors and vendors. DFAS also supports customers outside the DoD in support of electronic government initiatives. Customers include the Executive Office of the President, the Department of Energy, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Health and Human Services and the Broadcasting Board of Governors.[3]
DFAS is a working capital fund agency financed by reimbursement of operating costs from its governmental customers (mostly the military service departments) rather than through direct appropriations. DFAS remains the world's largest finance and accounting operation.[3]
In FY 2016, DFAS:[3]
Processed 122.4 million pay transactions (6.4 million people/accounts)
Made 5.8 million travel payments
Paid 11.7 million commercial invoices
Maintained 151.8 million General Ledger accounts
Managed $899 billion in Military Retirement and Health Benefits Funds
Made $534.5 billion in disbursements
Managed $479 billion in Foreign Military Sales (reimbursed by foreign governments)
Accounted for 1,359 active DoD appropriations
Contents
1 History
1.1 Establishing legislation
1.2 Related agencies
1.3 Major events in the history of the agency
2 Major laws associated with and/or enforced by agency
3 Accounting Irregularities
4 Locations
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History[edit]
Prior to 1990 each of the three (3) military departments (Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force) and the other major governmental agencies developed and implemented their own accounting, budgeting, and financial management systems. This freedom of operation lead to numerous specialized systems that were incapable of communicating with one another. In 1990, there were 878 independent finance and accounting systems maintained within Federal Government Agencies.[4]
In 1991 Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney created the Defense Finance and Accounting Service to reduce the cost of Defense Department finance and accounting operations and to strengthen financial management through consolidation of finance and accounting activities across the department. Since its inception, DFAS has consolidated more than 300 installation-level finance and accounting offices into 10 sites, and reduced the work force from about 27,000 to about 13,000 personnel.[3]
In 2003 DFAS was selected by the Office of Personnel Management to be one of four governmental entities to provide payroll services for the U.S. government. In 2004, Nielsen Norman Group named the Defense Finance and Accounting Service's portal (ePortal) among the 10 best government intranets in the world. Experts at the Nielsen reviewed hundreds of intranets before naming the top ten which shared traits like good usability and organization, performance metrics and incremental improvements.[5]
The 2005 round of Base Realignment and Closure cuts required DFAS to be completely restructured. Many sites were integrated into major centers. Since its inception, the agency has consolidated more than 300 installation-level offices into nine DFAS sites and reduced the number of systems in use from 330 to 111. As a result of BRAC efforts begun in FY 2006, DFAS has closed 20 sites, realigned headquarters from Arlington to Indianapolis and established a liaison location in Alexandria, Virginia.[3]
Establishing legislation[edit]
The Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (31 USC 501, Pub. L. 101–576, title I, §101, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2838) and 10 USC 113 laid the groundwork for the Secretary of Defense to establish a more streamlined federal financial management structure.[4] In late 1990, under the guidelines of the Department of Defense Directive (DoDD) 5118.5, the establishment of DFAS was announced in the Federal Register (55 FR 50179 (1990)). These guidelines were later codified in the Code of Federal Regulations in (32 CFR Part 352a).
Related agencies[edit]
The United States Department of Defense is the parent agency of DFAS. Defense Finance and Accounting Service Garnishment Operations Center and the Defense Finance and Accounting Service Out-of-Service Debt Management Center are subordinate agencies of DFAS.[6]
Major events in the history of the agency[edit]
1991 DFAS founded
1992 Began consolidation of 300 field sites into 26 DFAS centers
1994 Began paying all DoD civilian employees; established centralized disbursing
1995 DoD establishes DFAS as a Fourth Estate Human Resources Regional Service Center
1998 Consolidated military pay operations into one system
2000 First unmodified financial statement audit opinion
2002 Received first unmodified audit opinion for Defense Commissary Agency and Defense Contract Audit Agency
2005 Base Realignment and Closure realigns DFAS into 10 sites
2006 Initiated Wounded-in-Action program providing real-time financial support to wounded service members
2007 Wounded Warrior Family Support Debit Card Program implemented providing funds to families of wounded warfighters
2010 Created Audit Readiness Directorate
2013 Achieved unmodified opinions on Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagement No. 16 for Civilian Pay, Military Pay, and Disbursing
2016 Achieved the 17th unmodified audit opinion for DFAS WCF Financial Statements[7]
Major laws associated with and/or enforced by agency[edit]
DFAS must "establish and enforce requirements, principles, standards, systems, procedures, and practices necessary to comply with finance and accounting statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to the Department of Defense." The DFAS responsibilities and authorities are outlined in DoD 7000.14-R, “DoD Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR).”[8]
Accounting Irregularities[edit]
A Department of Defense Inspector General's report noted that DFAS makes unjustified changes to accounting data in order to reconcile discrepancies, arbitrarily correcting numbers to match. The report also noted that DFAS could not produce accurate financial statements for the Army's General Fund because more than 16,000 financial data files were missing from its computer system. Jack Armstrong, a former Defense Inspector General, has reported that DFAS engages in "plugging", accounting jargon for making up numbers, and that DFAS staff refer to preparation of year-end statements as the "Grand Plug".[9]
Locations[edit]
Current locations:
Major Sites
Indianapolis, Indiana (Headquarters) – DFAS is headquartered in the MG Emmett J. Bean Finance Center, a 1,600,000-square-foot (150,000 m2) building[10] that was part of Fort Benjamin Harrison.[11] A solar panel system was installed on the roof of the building in 2010, allowing the building to generate 1.8-MW.[12] Prior to housing DFAS, this location was known as the Finance Center, U.S. Army (1953-1972); U.S. Army Finance Support Agency (1972-1974); U.S. Army Finance and Accounting Center (1975-1991).[13]
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Limestone, Maine
Rome, New York
Europe
Japan
Smaller scaled back sites
Alexandria, Virginia
Texarkana, Texas
Bratenahl, Ohio
Closed sites:
Patuxent River, Maryland
Charleston, South Carolina
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colorado - Lowry Air Force Base
Kansas City, Missouri - Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base
Lawton, Oklahoma
Lexington, Kentucky
Norfolk, Virginia
Omaha, Nebraska
Oakland, California
Orlando, Florida - Naval Training Center Orlando
Honolulu, Hawaii
Pacific
Pensacola, Florida
Rock Island, Illinois
St. Louis, Missouri
San Antonio, Texas
San Bernardino, California - Norton Air Force Base
San Diego, California
Seaside, California
See also[edit]
Air Reserve Personnel Center, Denver, CO, former Lowry AFB
References[edit]
Jump up ^ DFAS Leadership
Jump up ^ Office of the Federal Register. (n.d.). Defense Finance and Accounting Service. In the United States Government Manual. Accessed on April 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Defense Finance and Accounting Service. (2016, December 21). Agency Overview. Accessed on April 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Southerland, G. W. (1997). A Feasibility Study into the Use of a Single Local Financial Management System for the Department of the Navy (Unpublished thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
Jump up ^ DFAS Portal Named Among the World's 10 Best Government Intranets – DSSResources.com
Jump up ^ USA.gov. (n.d.). Defense Finance and Accounting Service. Accessed on April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Defense Finance and Accounting Service. (2016). 2016 DFAS Annual Financial Report. Accessed on April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller). (current edition). DoD 7000.14-R, “DoD Financial Management Regulation.”
Jump up ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-audit-army-idUSKCN10U1IG
Jump up ^ "Major General Emmett J. Bean Finance Center – Building History". U.S. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Major General Emmett J. Bean Federal Center". U.S. General Services Administration. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "SunPower Solar Technology Selected for Multiple U.S. Federal Government Facilities". Electrical Line Magazine. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Carnes, W.H. Jr. (1994). U.S. Army Finance Center. In The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis (p. 1369). Indiana University Press.
Further reading[edit]
Scot J. Paltrow (November 18, 2013), "Faking It: Behind the Pentagon's Doctored Ledgers, a Running Tally of Epic Waste", Unaccountable: the High Cost of the Pentagon's Bad Bookkeeping, Reuters (2) — The "second installment in a series in which Reuters delves into the Defense Department’s inability to account for itself." Reports on the U.S. Defense Finance and Accounting Service and other agencies.
Keating, E.G., Gates, S.M., Pace, J.E., Paul C., and Alles, M.G.. (2001). Improving the Defense Finance and Accounting Service's Interactions With Its Customers. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
United States. General Accounting Office. (May 28, 1998). Financial Management: Profile of Defense Finance and Accounting Service Financial Managers. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
United States. Government Accountability Office. (June 23, 2014). DOD Financial Management: The Defense Finance and Accounting Service Needs to Fully Implement Financial Improvements for Contract Pay. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller): Financial Management Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2017.
McConnell, D. and Wang, R. (May 12, 2014). The Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 and Financial Management at Department of Defense. Briefing paper number 48. Harvard Law School: Briefing Papers on Federal Budget Policy. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
Defense Finance and Accounting Service. (2016). 2016 DFAS Annual Financial Report. Retrieved on April 11, 2017.
Department of Defense. (2012, April 20). DoDD 5118.03, Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer, Department of Defense (USD(C)/CFO). Accessed on April 12, 2017.
Department of Defense. (2012, April 20). DoDD 5118.05, Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS). Accessed on April 11, 2017.
External links[edit]
DFAS Official website
Defense Acquisition Portal
show
v
t
e
United States Department of Defense
Headquarters: The Pentagon
James Mattis, Secretary of Defense
Patrick M. Shanahan, Deputy Secretary of Defense
show
Office of the Secretary of Defense
(including Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities)
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Deputy's Advisory Working Group
Office of Net Assessment
Special Access Program Oversight Committee
Under Secretary of Defense
for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics
Director, Defense Research and Engineering
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Missile Defense Agency
Defense Contract Management Agency
Defense Logistics Agency
Defense Technical Information Center
Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Office of Economic Adjustment
Defense Acquisition University
Defense Acquisition Board
Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
Defense Security Cooperation Agency
Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee
Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
Defense Contract Audit Agency
Defense Finance and Accounting Service
Under Secretary of Defense
for Personnel and Readiness
Defense Commissary Agency
Department of Defense Education Activity
DoD Human Resources Activity
Military Health System
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute
Under Secretary of Defense
for Intelligence
Defense Intelligence Agency
Defense Security Service
Defense Information Systems Agency
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
National Reconnaissance Office
National Security Agency (Director)
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs
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Military Departments
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Assistant Secretary for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology
Assistant Secretary for Civil Works
Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Comptroller)
Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment
Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
General Counsel of the Army
The Administrative Assistant
The Army Staff: Chief of Staff of the Army
Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
Sergeant Major of the Army
Deputy Chief of Staff G-8
Chief of Chaplains
Judge Advocate General
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Surgeon General
U.S. Army field organizations: see Structure of the United States Army
Department of the Navy
Secretary of the Navy
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Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: Chief of Naval Operations
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United States Navy field organizations: see Structure of the United States Navy
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Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition)
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Jack Gleeson
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Not to be confused with Jackie Gleason or Jack Gleeson (hurler).
Jack Gleeson
Gleeson in 2012
Born
(1992-05-20) 20 May 1992 (age 25)
Cork, Ireland
Alma mater
Trinity College, Dublin
Occupation
Actor
Years active
2002–2014
Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992)[1] is an Irish actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series Game of Thrones.
Despite his early breakthrough on Game of Thrones, which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has stated that he disliked acting for television and film, and has left that profession since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet show—Bears in Space—premiered in Edinburgh Festival Fringe, in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2014.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
4 References
5 External links
Early life[edit]
Gleeson was born in Cork, Ireland. Gleeson attended Gonzaga College for his secondary education. He attended drama classes when young, with his sisters Rachel and Emma who are also actresses in Ireland.
Gleeson is a student of Trinity College, Dublin, studying philosophy and theology[3] and he is also a member of DU Players. In 2012, he was awarded a scholarship at the same university.[4][5]
Career[edit]
Gleeson began acting at the age of seven in the Independent Theatre Workshop.[6] His first roles were in films such as Reign of Fire in 2002, Batman Begins in 2005, Shrooms in 2007, and A Shine of Rainbows in 2009.[7] In 2010, he appeared in a leading role in All Good Children. The reviewer for Variety magazine considered Gleeson "the pic's big discovery".[8]
Gleeson starred as Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO series Game of Thrones.[9] He cites Joaquin Phoenix's portrayal of Commodus in Gladiator as an influence on his performance.[10] He is a founder and artistic director of Collapsing Horse Theatre Company, which is based in Dublin.
In 2012, Gleeson indicated an intention to retire from acting to pursue an academic career once his work on Game of Thrones was finished.[3] In 2014, Gleeson confirmed he would be permanently retiring from acting after concluding his work in Game of Thrones. In the same interview, he stated that while he had previously been interested in pursuing academia, he had since 'gone off that idea'.[11]
In 2015, Gleeson starred in the puppetry shows Bears in Space created by his theatre company Collapsing Horse and in mid-2016 the show premiered in New York.[12]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2002 Reign of Fire Kid Uncredited
Moving Day Jack Short film
2003 Fishtale Boy with the Fish
2004 Tom Waits Made Me Cry Young Vincent
2005 Batman Begins Little Boy
2007 Shrooms Lonely Twin
2009 A Shine of Rainbows Seamus
2010 All Good Children Dara
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Network
Notes
2006–08 Killinaskully Pa Connors Jr. RTÉ One 4 episodes
2011–14 Game of Thrones Joffrey Baratheon HBO 26 episodes
IGN People's Choice Award for Best TV Villain (2012–2013)
Nominated—IGN Award for Best TV Villain (2011–2013)
Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series (2013)
Nominated—Scream Award for Best Ensemble (2011)
Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (2011, 2013)
Nominated—Young Hollywood Award: We Love to Hate You (2014)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Jack Gleeson Biography". TV Guide. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Bartleet, Larry. "Bears In Space, the Puppet Play Starring Jack Gleeson, AKA Joffrey". NME. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b O'Regan, Mark (17 April 2012). "Jack Gleeson swaps 'Game of Thrones' for seat of learning". Irish Independent. independent.ie. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Email: Fellows & Scholars (Email) (2 July 2012). "Welcome – Fellows & Scholars : Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland". Tcd.ie. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Meanwhile, At Trinity College". Broadsheet.ie. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Itwstudios.ie
Jump up ^ "Jack Gleeson Lands Major HBO Pilot!". In The Spotlight. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Felperin, Leslie (20 May 2010). "All Good Children – Film Reviews – Cannes". Variety.com. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (19 July 2009). "Sean Bean ascends to Game of Thrones". Reuters. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Hill, Logan (June 2012). "The Villains Questionnaire: Jack Gleeson". GQ. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Jump up ^ James Hibberd (13 April 2014). "'Game of Thrones': Jack Gleeson talks royal wedding shocker -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/jack-gleeson-aka-king-joffrey-baratheon-is-playing-with-puppets-now
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Jack Gleeson
Jack Gleeson on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 233353138
LCCN: no2012033144
GND: 1059836599
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Gleeson&oldid=820528023"
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