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Highest-paid NBA players by season
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Michael Jordan, who earned $33,140,000 in the 1997–98 NBA season, attempts a slam dunk at the old Boston Garden.
The highest-paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty-million-dollar range. In this twelve-year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003–04 season. Garnett has been the highest-paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997–98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996-97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013–14 season began.[1] LeBron James became the third in the 2016–17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40-Million per year when he signed a record 5-year contract worth $201-Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017-18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021-22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966.
Beginning in the 1984–85 NBA season, the NBA's first salary cap was introduced. The NBA salary cap is the maximum dollar amount each NBA team can spend on its players for the season. However, the NBA uses a "soft" salary cap, which means that significant "salary exceptions" allow NBA teams to exceed their allotted amount in order to sign players. The salary cap is determined during the offseason, but as stated earlier, it is liable to change.[2]
An exception is necessary to sign a player for a contract that would exceed the salary cap threshold of the "soft cap". The Larry Bird exception, more commonly known as Bird Rights, allows teams to re-sign a current player only if he has played for that particular team for a minimum of three years.[3] Another exception known as the mid-level exception allows for teams that are over the salary cap to sign one or more players as long as they do not exceed the total amount of the average NBA salary.[4] Next, the bi-annual exception can be used by teams every other year to sign a free agent(s) for up to two years at an amount set by the NBA.[5] Finally, the rookie player exception allows any NBA team to sign their first-round draft pick to a contract based upon a scale previously set forth by the NBA. Another option for teams would be to assign players to a league-assigned minimum salary contract for a maximum of two years.
According to 2010–11 NBA season game performance, the league's best players were not its highest-paid players. Each year there are ten players selected to one of the two All-NBA Teams. Out of those ten players chosen that year, Kobe Bryant was the only player that was also among the game's ten highest-paid during the 2010–11 NBA season.[6]
Contents
1 2010s
1.1 2017–2018
1.2 2016–2017
1.3 2015–2016
1.4 2014–2015
1.5 2013–2014
1.6 2012–2013
1.7 2011–2012
1.8 2010–2011
1.9 2009–2010
2 2000s
2.1 2008–2009
2.2 2007–2008
2.3 2006–2007
2.4 2005–2006
2.5 2004–2005
2.6 2003–2004
2.7 2002–2003
2.8 2001–2002
2.9 2000–2001
2.10 1999–2000
3 1990s
3.1 1998–1999
3.2 1997-1998
3.3 1996-1997
3.4 1995-1996
4 See also
5 References
2010s
2017–2018
Player [7]
Salary
Team
Stephen Curry $34,682,550 Golden State Warriors
LeBron James $33,285,709 Cleveland Cavaliers
Paul Millsap $31,269,231 Denver Nuggets
Gordon Hayward $29,727,900 Boston Celtics
Blake Griffin $29,512,900 Los Angeles Clippers
Kyle Lowry $28,703,704 Toronto Raptors
Russell Westbrook $28,530,608 Oklahoma City Thunder
Mike Conley, Jr. $28,530,608 Memphis Grizzlies
James Harden $28,299,399 Houston Rockets
DeMar DeRozan $27,739,975 Toronto Raptors
2016–2017
LeBron James became the third player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season, after Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant.
Player [8]
Salary
Team
LeBron James $30,963,450 Cleveland Cavaliers
Al Horford $26,540,100 Boston Celtics
DeMar DeRozan $26,540,100 Toronto Raptors
James Harden $26,540,100 Houston Rockets
Kevin Durant $26,540,100 Golden State Warriors
Russell Westbrook $26,540,100 Oklahoma City Thunder
Mike Conley, Jr. $26,540,100 Memphis Grizzlies
Dirk Nowitzki $25,000,000 Dallas Mavericks
Carmelo Anthony $24,559,380 New York Knicks
Damian Lillard $24,328,425 Portland Trail Blazers
2015–2016
Kobe Bryant, who spent his entire 20-year career in a Los Angeles Lakers uniform, was the highest-paid player in the league from the 2009–10 until his retirement at the conclusion of the 2015–16 season.
Player [9]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $25,000,000 Los Angeles Lakers
LeBron James $22,970,500 Cleveland Cavaliers
Carmelo Anthony $22,875,000 New York Knicks
Dwight Howard $22,359,364 Houston Rockets
Chris Bosh $22,192,730 Miami Heat
Chris Paul $21,468,695 Los Angeles Clippers
Kevin Durant $20,158,622 Oklahoma City Thunder
Derrick Rose $20,093,064 Chicago Bulls
Dwyane Wade $20,000,000 Miami Heat
LaMarcus Aldridge $19,689,000 San Antonio Spurs
2014–2015
Player [10]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $23,500,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Amar'e Stoudemire $23,410,988 New York Knicks
Joe Johnson $23,180,790 Brooklyn Nets
Carmelo Anthony $22,458,401 New York Knicks
Dwight Howard $21,436,271 Houston Rockets
Chris Bosh $20,644,400 Miami Heat
LeBron James $20,644,400 Cleveland Cavaliers
Chris Paul $20,068,563 Los Angeles Clippers
Deron Williams $19,754,465 Brooklyn Nets
Rudy Gay $19,317,326 Sacramento Kings
2013–2014
Player [11]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $30,453,805 Los Angeles Lakers
Dirk Nowitzki $22,721,381 Dallas Mavericks
Amar'e Stoudemire $21,679,893 New York Knicks
Joe Johnson $21,466,718 Brooklyn Nets
Carmelo Anthony $21,388,953 New York Knicks
Dwight Howard $20,513,178 Houston Rockets
Pau Gasol $19,285,850 Los Angeles Lakers
Chris Bosh $19,067,500 Miami Heat
LeBron James $19,067,500 Miami Heat
Dwyane Wade $18,673,000 Miami Heat
2012–2013
Player [12]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $30,453,805 Los Angeles Lakers
Dirk Nowitzki $20,907,128 Dallas Mavericks
Amar'e Stoudemire $19,948,799 New York Knicks
Joe Johnson $19,752,645 Brooklyn Nets
Carmelo Anthony $19,444,503 New York Knicks
Pau Gasol $19,285,850 Los Angeles Lakers
Chris Bosh $19,067,500 Miami Heat
LeBron James $19,067,500 Miami Heat
Dwyane Wade $18,673,000 Miami Heat
Chris Paul $18,668,431 Los Angeles Clippers
2011–2012
Player [13]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $25,244,493 Los Angeles Lakers
Kevin Garnett $21,247,044 Boston Celtics
Tim Duncan $21,164,619 San Antonio Spurs
Rashard Lewis $21,136,631 Washington Wizards
Dirk Nowitzki $19,092,873 Dallas Mavericks
Pau Gasol $18,714,150 Los Angeles Lakers
Carmelo Anthony $18,518,574 New York Knicks
Amar'e Stoudemire $18,217,705 New York Knicks
Elton Brand $18,160,355 Philadelphia 76ers
Dwight Howard $18,091,770 Orlando Magic
2010–2011
Player [14]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $24,806,250 Los Angeles Lakers
Rashard Lewis $19,573,711 Washington Wizards
Tim Duncan $18,835,381 San Antonio Spurs
Kevin Garnett $18,832,044 Boston Celtics
Michael Redd $18,300,000 Milwaukee Bucks
Andrei Kirilenko $17,823,000 Utah Jazz
Pau Gasol $17,823,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Gilbert Arenas $17,730,694 Washington Wizards
Yao Ming $17,686,100 Houston Rockets
Zach Randolph $17,666,666 Memphis Grizzlies
2009–2010
Player [15]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $23,034,375 Los Angeles Lakers
Jermaine O'Neal $23,016,000 Miami Heat
Tracy McGrady $22,843,124 New York Knicks
Tim Duncan $22,183,220 San Antonio Spurs
Shaquille O'Neal $21,000,000 Cleveland Cavaliers
Dirk Nowitzki $19,795,714 Dallas Mavericks
Paul Pierce $19,795,712 Boston Celtics
Ray Allen $18,776,860 Boston Celtics
Rashard Lewis $18,010,791 Orlando Magic
Michael Redd $17,040,000 Milwaukee Bucks
2000s
2008–2009
Kevin Garnett was the highest-paid player during the 2008–09, 2007–08, and 2006–07 seasons; he relinquished that position to Shaquille O'Neal for two seasons, but was also the highest-paid player during the 2003–04, 2002–03, 2001–02, and 2000–01 seasons.
Player [16]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $24,751,934 Boston Celtics
Jason Kidd $21,372,000 Dallas Mavericks
Jermaine O'Neal $21,372,000 Toronto Raptors
Kobe Bryant $21,262,500 Los Angeles Lakers
Shaquille O'Neal $21,000,000 Phoenix Suns
Allen Iverson $20,840,625 Detroit Pistons
Stephon Marbury $20,840,625 Boston Celtics
Tim Duncan $20,598,704 San Antonio Spurs
Tracy McGrady $20,370,437 Houston Rockets
Ray Allen $18,388,430 Boston Celtics
2007–2008
Player [18]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $23,751,934 Boston Celtics
Shaquille O'Neal $21,000,000 Phoenix Suns
Jason Kidd $19,728,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $19,728,000 Indiana Pacers
Kobe Bryant $19,490,625 Los Angeles Lakers
Tim Duncan $19,014,188 San Antonio Spurs
Allen Iverson $19,012,500 Denver Nuggets
Stephon Marbury $19,012,500 New York Knicks
Tracy McGrady $18,257,750 Houston Rockets
Baron Davis $16,440,000 Golden State Warriors
2006–2007
Player [19]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $21,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $20,000,000 Miami Heat
Jason Kidd $18,084,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $18,084,000 Indiana Pacers
Kobe Bryant $17,718,750 Los Angeles Lakers
Tim Duncan $17,429,673 San Antonio Spurs
Allen Iverson $17,184,375 Philadelphia 76ers
Stephon Marbury $17,184,375 New York Knicks
Tracy McGrady $16,901,500 Houston Rockets
Grant Hill $16,901,500 Orlando Magic
2005–2006
Player [20]
Salary
Team
Shaquille O'Neal $20,000,000 Miami Heat
Allan Houston $19,125,000 New York Knicks
Chris Webber $19,125,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Kevin Garnett $18,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Allen Iverson $16,453,125 Philadelphia 76ers
Stephon Marbury $16,453,125 New York Knicks
Jason Kidd $16,440,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $16,440,000 Indiana Pacers
Kobe Bryant $15,946,875 Los Angeles Lakers
Michael Finley $15,937,500 Dallas Mavericks
2004–2005
Player [21]
Salary
Team
Shaquille O'Neal $27,696,430 Miami Heat
Dikembe Mutombo $19,485,719 New Jersey Nets/Houston Rockets
Allan Houston $17,531,250 New York Knicks
Chris Webber $17,531,250 Sacramento Kings
Kevin Garnett $16,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Jason Kidd $14,796,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $14,796,000 Indiana Pacers
Shareef Abdur-Rahim $14,625,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Ray Allen $14,625,000 Seattle Supersonics
Anfernee Hardaway $14,625,000 New York Knicks
Zydrunas Ilgauskas $14,625,000 Cleveland Cavaliers
Allen Iverson $14,625,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Stephon Marbury $14,625,000 New York Knicks
Latrell Sprewell $14,625,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Antoine Walker $14,625,000 Atlanta Hawks
2003–2004
Player [22]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $28,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $26,571,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Rasheed Wallace $18,000,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Dikembe Mutombo $17,895,000 New York Knicks
Allan Houston $15,937,000 New York Knicks
Chris Webber $15,937,000 Sacramento Kings
Damon Stoudamire $14,625,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Penny Hardaway $13,500,000 Phoenix Suns
Latrell Sprewell $13,500,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Antonio McDyess $13,500,000 Phoenix Suns
2002–2003
Player[23]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $25,200,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $23,571,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Shawn Kemp $21,500,000 Orlando Magic
Juwan Howard $20,625,000 Denver Nuggets
Scottie Pippen $19,727,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Karl Malone $19,250,000 Utah Jazz
Rasheed Wallace $16,200,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Dikembe Mutombo $16,105,000 New Jersey Nets
Chris Webber $14,343,000 Sacramento Kings
Damon Stoudamire $13,500,000 Portland Trail Blazers
2001–2002
Player[24]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $22,400,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $21,428,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Alonzo Mourning $18,756,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $18,750,000 Denver Nuggets
Scottie Pippen $18,083,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Karl Malone $17,500,000 Utah Jazz
Rasheed Wallace $14,400,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Dikembe Mutombo $14,315,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Gary Payton $12,926,000 Seattle SuperSonics
Shawn Kemp $12,770,000 Portland Trail Blazers
2000–2001
Player[25]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $19,600,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $19,285,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Alonzo Mourning $16,879,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $16,875,000 Washington Wizards
Hakeem Olajuwon $16,685,000 Houston Rockets
Karl Malone $15,750,000 Utah Jazz
Dikembe Mutombo $14,422,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Patrick Ewing $14,000,000 Seattle SuperSonics
David Robinson $13,196,000 San Antonio Spurs
Scottie Pippen $13,151,000 Portland Trail Blazers
1999–2000
Player[26]
Salary
Team
Shaquille O'Neal $17,142,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Kevin Garnett $16,806,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Alonzo Mourning $15,004,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $15,000,000 Washington Wizards
Scottie Pippen $14,795,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Karl Malone $14,000,000 Utah Jazz
Larry Johnson $11,910,000 New York Knicks
Gary Payton $11,020,000 Seattle SuperSonics
Rasheed Wallace $10,800,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Shawn Kemp $10,780,000 Cleveland Cavaliers
1990s
1998–1999
Player[27]
Salary
Team
Patrick Ewing $18,500,000 New York Knicks
Shaquille O'Neal $17,000,000 Los Angeles Lakers
David Robinson $14,841,000 San Antonio Spurs
Kevin Garnett $14,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Alonzo Mourning $13,130,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $13,125,000 Washington Wizards
Hakeem Olajuwon $12,943,000 Houston Rockets
Dikembe Mutombo $11,218,000 Atlanta Hawks
Jayson Williams $11,000,000 New Jersey Nets
Scottie Pippen $11,000,000 Houston Rockets
1997-1998
Player[28]
Salary
Team
Michael Jordan $33,140,000 Chicago Bulls
Patrick Ewing $20,500,000 New York Knicks
Horace Grant $14,285,714 Orlando Magic
Shaquille O'Neal $12,857,143 Los Angeles Lakers
David Robinson $12,397,440 San Antonio Spurs
Alonzo Mourning $11,254,800 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $11,250,000 Washington Wizards
Hakeem Olajuwon $11,156,000 Houston Rockets
Gary Payton $10,514,688 Seattle SuperSonics
Dikembe Mutombo $9,615,187 Atlanta Hawks
1996-1997
Player[29]
Salary
Team
Michael Jordan $30,140,000 Chicago Bulls
Horace Grant $14,857,000 Orlando Magic
Reggie Miller $11,250,000 Indiana Pacers
Shaquille O'Neal $10,714,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Gary Payton $10,212,000 Seattle SuperSonics
David Robinson $9,952,000 San Antonio Spurs
Juwan Howard $9,750,000 Washington Wizards
Hakeem Olajuwon $9,655,000 Houston Rockets
Alonzo Mourning $9,380,000 Miami Heat
Dennis Rodman $9,000,000 Chicago Bulls
1995-1996
Player[30]
Salary
Team
Patrick Ewing $18,724,000 New York Knicks
Clyde Drexler $9,810,000 Houston Rockets
David Robinson $7,700,000 San Antonio Spurs
Chris Webber $7,000,000 Washington Bullets
Joe Dumars $6,881,000 Detroit Pistons
Danny Manning $6,833,000 Phoenix Suns
A.C. Green $6,473,000 Phoenix Suns
Shaquille O'Neal $5,700,000 Orlando Magic
Derrick Coleman $5,476,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Sean Elliott $5,333,000 San Antonio Spurs
See also
National Basketball Association portal
Business and economics portal
List of highest paid Major League Baseball players
List of player salaries in the NHL
List of salaries
References
Jump up ^ "Kobe Bryant to Become NBA's Second Ever $30-Million Player". aolnews.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-19.
Jump up ^ "NBA Salary Cap History". insidehoops.com.
Jump up ^ "NBA Salary Cap Explained". about.com.
Jump up ^ "Mid Level Exception". sportscity.com.
Jump up ^ "Bi-annual Exception". sportscity.com.
Jump up ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (2010-11-04). "The NBA's Highest-Paid Players". Forbes.
Jump up ^ "2017-18 NBA Player Contracts". Retrieved 2017-08-14.
Jump up ^ "The NBA's 25 highest-paid players for the 2016-17 season". Foxsports.com. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2015-2016". ESPN. Retrieved 2015-10-30.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2014-2015". ESPN. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2013-2014". ESPN. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2012-2013". ESPN. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2011-2012". ESPN. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2010-2011". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2009-2010". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2008-2009". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "NBA Salaries". Insidehoops.com. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2007-2008". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2006-2007". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "2005-2006 salaries". eskimo.com. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "2004-2005 NBA salaries". eskimo.com. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2003-2004". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2002-2003". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2001-2002". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2000-2001". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 1999-2000". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 1998-1999". Eskimo.com. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 1997-1998". Eskimo.com. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 1996-1997". Eskimo.com. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 1995-1996". Eskimo.com. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
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A Wrinkle in Time
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For the film adaptations, see A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film) and A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film).
A Wrinkle in Time
First-edition dust jacket
Author
Madeleine L'Engle
Illustrator
Ellen Raskin (1960s editions)
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
Time Quintet
Genre
Young Adult, Science fantasy
Publisher
Farrar, Straus & Giroux
Publication date
January 1, 1962
OCLC
22421788
LC Class
PZ7.L5385 Wr 1962[1]
Followed by
A Wind in the Door
A Wrinkle in Time is a science fantasy novel written by American writer Madeleine L'Engle, first published in 1962.[2] The book won the Newbery Medal, Sequoyah Book Award, and Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award.[3][a] It is the first book in L'Engle's Time Quintet, which follows the Murrys and Calvin O'Keefe.
The book inspired two film adaptations, both by Disney: a 2003 television film directed by John Kent Harrison, and a 2018 theatrical film directed by Ava DuVernay.
Contents
1 Publication history
2 Plot summary
3 Major themes
4 Reception
5 Characters
5.1 Main characters
5.1.1 Margaret "Meg" Murry
5.1.2 Charles Wallace Murry
5.1.3 Calvin O'Keefe
5.2 Primary immortal characters
5.2.1 Mrs Whatsit
5.2.2 Mrs Who
5.2.3 Mrs Which
5.2.4 The Man with Red Eyes
5.2.5 IT
5.3 The Black Thing
5.4 Sub-characters
5.4.1 Alex Murry
5.4.2 Dr. Katherine "Kate" Murry
5.4.3 Sandy Murry
5.4.4 Dennys Murry
5.4.5 Mrs. Buncombe
5.4.6 Mr. Jenkins
5.5 Supporting alien characters
6 Locations
7 Adaptations
7.1 Audio books
7.2 Film adaptations
7.3 Play
7.4 Opera
7.5 Graphic novel
8 References in popular culture
9 Further reading
9.1 Other books in the series
9.2 Concerning A Wrinkle in Time
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
Publication history[edit]
The book was written between 1959 and 1960.[4] L'Engle wrote repeatedly about the writing of the story and the long struggle to get it published. In A Circle of Quiet (1972),[5] she explains that the book was conceived "during a time of transition." After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut, and running a general store, L'Engle's family, the Franklins, moved back to New York City, first taking a ten-week camping trip across the country and back again. L'Engle writes that "we drove through a world of deserts and buttes and leafless mountains, wholly new and alien to me. And suddenly into my mind came the names, Mrs Whatsit. Mrs Who. Mrs Which."[6] This was in the spring of 1959. L'Engle was reading about quantum physics at the time, which also made its way into the story.[7] When she completed the book in early 1960, however, it was rejected by at least 26 publishers, because it was, in L'Engle's words, "too different," and "because it deals overtly with the problem of evil, and it was really difficult for children, and was it a children's or an adults' book, anyhow?"[2][6]
In "A Special Message from Madeleine L'Engle" on the Random House website, L'Engle explains another possible reason for the rejections: "A Wrinkle in Time had a female protagonist in a science fiction book," which at the time was uncommon. After trying "forty-odd" publishers (L'Engle later said "twenty-six rejections"), L'Engle's agent returned the manuscript to her. Then at Christmas, L'Engle threw a tea party for her mother. One of the guests happened to know John C. Farrar of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and insisted that L'Engle should meet with him. Although the publisher did not, at the time, publish a line of children's books, Farrar met L'Engle, liked the novel, and ultimately published it.[8]
In 1963 the book won the Newbery Medal which is awarded annually by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children. The book has been continuously in print since its first publication. The hardback edition is still published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. The original blue dust jacket by Ellen Raskin was replaced with new art by Leo and Diane Dillon, with the publication of A Swiftly Tilting Planet in 1978. The book has also been published in a 25th anniversary collectors' edition (limited to 500 signed and numbered copies), at least two book club editions (one hardback, one Scholastic Book Services paperback), as a trade paperback under the Dell Yearling imprint, and as a mass market paperback under the Dell Laurel-Leaf imprint. The cover art on the paperback editions has changed several times since first publication.
The book was reissued by Square Fish in trade and mass market paperback formats in May 2007, along with the rest of the Time Quintet. This new edition includes a previously unpublished interview with L'Engle as well as the text of her Newbery Medal acceptance speech.[9]
Plot summary[edit]
Thirteen-year-old Meg Murry's classmates and teachers see her as a troublesome and stubborn student. Her family knows that she is emotionally immature but also sees her capable of doing great things. The family includes her scientist mother Katherine, her missing scientist father Alexander, the twins Sandy and Dennys, and her five-year-old brother Charles Wallace Murry, a child genius who can sometimes read Meg's mind.
The book begins with the line "It was a dark and stormy night," an allusion to the opening words in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's 1830 novel Paul Clifford. Unable to sleep during a thunderstorm, Meg descends from her attic room to find Charles Wallace sitting at the table drinking milk and eating bread and jam. They are then joined by their mother, and are visited by their new eccentric neighbor, Mrs Whatsit. In the course of conversation, Mrs Whatsit casually mentions there is such a thing as a tesseract, which causes Katherine to almost faint.
The next morning, Meg discovers that the term refers to a scientific concept her father was working on before his mysterious disappearance. The following afternoon, Meg and Charles Wallace encounter Meg's schoolmate, Calvin O'Keefe, a high-school junior who, although he is a "big man on campus", considers himself a misfit as well. They then go to visit an old haunted house near town which Charles Wallace already knows is the home of Mrs Whatsit. There they encounter two companions of Mrs Whatsit's, the equally strange Mrs Who and the unseen voice of Mrs Which. She promises that she and her friends will help Meg find and rescue her father. In the evening, Charles Wallace declares it is time for them to go on their mission to save their father. This is accompanied by the appearance of the third member of the "Mrs Ws", Mrs Which, who appears to materialize out of nothing.
Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which turn out to be supernatural beings who transport Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin O'Keefe through the universe by means of tesseract, a fifth-dimensional phenomenon explained as being similar to folding the fabric of space and time. Their first stop is the planet Uriel, a Utopian world filled with Centaur-like beings who live in a state of light and love. Mrs Whatsit herself shows that she, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which are all these centaur-like creatures in disguise as humans. There the "Mrs Ws" reveal to the children that the universe is under attack from an evil being who appears as a large dark cloud called The Black Thing, which is essentially the personification of evil. The children are then taken to visit the "Happy Medium", a woman with a crystal ball through which they see that Earth is partially covered by the darkness, although great religious figures, philosophers, scientists, and artists have been fighting against it. Mrs Whatsit is revealed to be a former star who exploded in an act of self-sacrifice to fight the darkness.
The children then travel to the dark planet of Camazotz, which has "given in" to the Black Thing. Meg's father is trapped there. They find that all the inhabitants behave in a mechanistic way and seem to be under the control of a single mind. At the planet's central headquarters (described as CENTRAL Central Intelligence), they discover a telepathic red-eyed man who can cast a hypnotic spell and claims to know their father’s whereabouts. Charles Wallace deliberately looks into the man’s red eyes, allowing himself to be hypnotized in order to find their father. Under its influence, he takes Meg and Calvin to the place where Alexander is being held prisoner because he would not succumb to the group mind.
The planet turns out to be controlled by an evil disembodied brain with powerful abilities, which the inhabitants of Camazotz call "IT." Charles Wallace takes them to the place where IT is held. In such proximity to IT, the children are threatened by a possible telepathic takeover of their minds. With special powers from Mrs Who's glasses, Alexander is able to "tesser" Calvin, Meg and himself away from Camazotz, but Charles Wallace is left behind, still under the influence of IT. Dr. Murry, inexperienced at tessering, does not know how to protect Meg from the Black Thing which surrounds the planet as they tesser through it, nearly killing her. When they arrive on the neighboring planet of Ixchel, Meg is nearly frozen, and paralyzed. Calvin and the Murrys are discovered by the planet's inhabitants - large, eyeless "beasts" with featureless faces, tentacles and four arms, who prove both wise and gentle. Meg's paralysis is cured under the care of one inhabitant, whom Meg nicknames "Aunt Beast." Meg overcomes her anger at her father for leaving Charles Wallace on Camazotz, realizing that parents can't fix everything, and sometimes children can solve problems themselves.
Then the trio of Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which arrive. They charge Meg with rescuing Charles Wallace from IT, because only Meg has a strong enough bond with him. Their father had last seen Charles Wallace when he was a baby and Calvin had only just met him. They each give her a gift. Mrs Whatsit gives Meg her love. Mrs Who quotes to Meg a passage from the Bible about God choosing the foolish of the world to confound the wise, and the weak to defeat the strong (1 Corinthians 1:27-29). Mrs Which tells Meg that she has one thing that IT does not have but doesn't specify what it is. Upon arriving at the building where IT is housed, Charles Wallace is still there under IT's influence. Meg realizes that the one thing she has that IT does not is love. She focuses all her love at Charles Wallace and is able to free him from IT's control. Mrs Who, Mrs Which and Mrs Whatsit tesser the Murrys and Calvin back to Earth. In the vegetable garden they are all reunited with Katherine and the twins. Mrs Whatsit says that although she and the others like the spectacle of the family reuniting, they have to go somewhere. Before Mrs Whatsit finishes her sentence, she and the others disappear.
Major themes[edit]
Madeleine L'Engle's fantasy works are in part highly expressive of her Christian viewpoint in a manner somewhat similar to that of Christian fantasy writer C. S. Lewis. She was herself the official writer-in-residence at New York City's Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which is known for its prominent position in the liberal wing of the Episcopal Church.[10] L'Engle's liberal Christianity has been the target of criticism from more conservative Christians, especially with respect to certain elements of A Wrinkle in Time.[11]
The theme of picturing the fight of good against evil as a battle of light and darkness is a recurring one. Its manner is reminiscent of the prologue to the Gospel of John, which is quoted within the book. When the "Mrs Ws" reveal their secret roles in the cosmic fight against "the darkness" they ask the children to name some figures on Earth (a partially dark planet) who fight the darkness. They name Jesus, and later in the discussion Buddha is named as well, along with various creative artists and philanthropists. The three women are described as ancient star-beings who act as guardian angels.[12]
Further, the themes of "conformity" and the "status quo" are present. It is a generic theme that is within every society there is a powerful dominant group that challenges the minority group. Very few of the powerless members of this group are resilient. In this case, IT is the powerful dominant group that manipulates the planet of Camazotz into conformity (i.e., they all have the same rhythm). Even Charles Wallace falls prey (due to flattery) and is hence persuaded to conform. It is thanks to Meg that she and her family are able to break from conformity.[13] According to the author's granddaughter Charlotte Jones Voiklis, the story wasn't a simple allegory of communism; in a three-page passage that was cut before publication, the process of domination is said to be an outcome of dictatorship under totalitarian regimes, and by an excessive desire of security under democratic countries.[14][15]
Scholar Jean Fulton writes, "L'Engle's fiction for young readers is considered important partly because she was among the first to focus directly on the deep, delicate issues that young people must face, such as death, social conformity, and truth. L'Engle's work always is uplifting because she is able to look at the surface values of life from a perspective of wholeness, both joy and pain, transcending each to uncover the absolute nature of human experience that they share."[7]
Reception[edit]
At the time of the book's publication, Kirkus Reviews said, "Readers who relish symbolic reference may find this trip through time and space an exhilarating experience; the rest will be forced to ponder the double entendres."[16]
A Wrinkle in Time is on the American Library Association list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000 at number 23.[17] Reasons given include the book's references to witches and crystal balls,[18] the claim that it "challenges religious beliefs",[19] and the listing of Jesus "with the names of great artists, philosophers, scientists, and religious leaders".[20]
A 2004 study found that it was a common read-aloud book for sixth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California.[21] Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[22] It was one of the "Top 100 Chapter Books" of all time in a 2012 poll by School Library Journal.[23]
In 2016, the novel saw a spike in sales after Chelsea Clinton mentioned it as influential in her childhood in a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.[24]
Characters[edit]
For appearances of these characters in other novels by L'Engle see Major characters in the works of Madeleine L'Engle
See also: Meg Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, Calvin O'Keefe, and Sandy and Dennys Murry
Main characters[edit]
Margaret "Meg" Murry[edit]
Meg is the outcast of the family and also the oldest child of scientists Alex and Kate Murry. Mathematically brilliant but less than adept at other subjects in school, Meg is "awkward", unpopular, and defensive around authority figures as well as her peers. Although she has the brains to accomplish difficult tasks, she rarely puts her strengths to use. She adores her mother and three brothers especially her youngest brother, Charles Wallace, and weeps much for her missing father. Like many adolescent girls, Meg is unhappy with her physical appearance, particularly her mouse-brown, unruly hair, braces and glasses, and considers herself a "monster" in comparison with her mother. But then she meets Calvin. She is about thirteen years old, and is a couple of grades below Calvin, who is fourteen years old but in eleventh grade. Introduced on the first page of the book, she is the story's main protagonist.
Charles Wallace Murry[edit]
Charles Wallace is the youngest Murry child, being five years old. He is very smart and is the most extraordinary and the most vulnerable of the novel's human characters, and the youngest to journey to Camazotz. Charles Wallace did not talk at all until he was nearly four years old, at which time he began to speak in complete sentences. Now five years old, Charles Wallace speaks only to his family, but can empathically or telepathically "read" certain people's thoughts and feelings, and above that has an extraordinary vocabulary. A biological "sport," he is intellectually curious, loving, and unfazed by extraordinary people and events. He was the first to meet the Mesdames W and brought Meg to see them. Initially able to block IT out of his mind, he opens his mind to the Man with Red Eyes and thus falls under IT's control.
Calvin O'Keefe[edit]
Calvin is the third oldest of Paddy and Branwen O'Keefe's eleven children, a tall, thin, red-haired 14-year-old high school junior who is not the best in math but has to study to play on the school basketball team, and is one of the popular boys in high school. His mother is a very cranky, tired woman with too many children. Neglected by his own family, Calvin enters the lives of the Murry family, starting in Chapter Two. He also loves Meg Murry. He shows some signs of being able to communicate telepathically, the same power Charles Wallace seems to have, a technique referred to in later books as kything. He also feels as if he has been hiding his true self all his life, and likes the Murry family much more than his own, which is characterized by abuse and dysfunctional dynamics.
Primary immortal characters[edit]
Hardcover art by Leo and Diane Dillon, showing the "Mmes. W"
Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which are immortal beings who can travel across large stretches of time and space by dematerializing and rematerializing. They are capable of shapeshifting, but spend most of their time on Earth as elderly women. All three are billions of years old and were once stars that had sacrificed themselves as a nova or supernova to destroy parts of the Black Thing.
Mrs Whatsit[edit]
Mrs Whatsit is first described as a very old woman wrapped in layers of clothes with a jacket and first appears in chapter one. Charles Wallace finds her in a 'haunted house' in the woods, where she has been living with her two friends, Mrs Who and Mrs Which. Mrs Whatsit is the youngest of the Mmes. W (despite being 2,379,152,497 years, 8 months, and 3 days old), and the best of the three at interacting with the children.
In Chapter Four, Charles Wallace, Calvin, and Meg witnesses Mrs. Whatsit transform into a centaur-like winged being on the planet Uriel. After explaining their sacrificial backstory to the children, Mrs Whatsit admits to Meg that she had once been one of them, and to Mrs Which that it hadn't been very long (from their perspective) since it happened.
Mrs Who[edit]
Mrs Who is described as a plump woman with spectacles. She communicates in Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, French, Portuguese and Greek, notably quoting William Shakespeare, Pascal, Dante Alighieri, Seneca, A. Perez, Horace, Miguel de Cervantes, Delille, Euripides, the Bible and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Mrs Whatsit explains that Mrs Who finds it "difficult to verbalize" in her own words.
Mrs Which[edit]
Mrs Which's physical appearance is not set; she appears as a shimmering light most of the time. However, she does once take on the appearance of a traditional witch with a black hat and broom. She does not stay long in this form, though, as corporeal appearance is quite difficult for her to maintain. She first appears at the end of Chapter 3. She is the clear leader of the three women and the wisest, and upon appearing, immediately demonstrates her vast knowledge of understanding in tesseract travel. Her distinguishing quirk is her long, drawn-out method of speech, symbolized by doubled and tripled consonants in her words (as in; "Nnoww, cchilldrenn, yyou musstt nott bee frrightennedd att whatt iss ggoingg tto hhappenn,"). She is the one who usually provides the group, most especially Meg, with the clues the children need to solve the problems encountered during their travels.
The Man with Red Eyes[edit]
The Man with Red Eyes is a being whom Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin encounter on their quest to rescue Meg and Charles Wallace's father on the planet Camazotz. He is the Prime Coordinator on Camazotz. He and IT control Camazotz together and are the main antagonists. He entices Charles Wallace to look into his glowing red eyes in order to find his father. When Charles Wallace does so, he too becomes possessed by the mind of IT, after which the Man with Red Eyes drops out of the story.
IT[edit]
Current book cover art (2007) by Taeeun Yoo, showing the Mrs Ws (at the left) and the children at the CENTRAL Central Intelligence building (at the right)
IT is the bodiless, telepathic brain that dominates the planet of Camazotz and is the main antagonist of the story. IT controls all the people in Camazotz and makes people often do the same things together in a mechanistic synchronism as if they were robots. IT speaks through The Man With Red Eyes and later through Charles Wallace, and is functionally part of the interstellar evil cloud called the Black Thing. IT is described as a giant sized human brain. Housed in a dome near the "CENTRAL Central Intelligence" building, IT is said to pulse and quiver on its dais. IT's aim is to enforce absolute conformity on Camazotz, with the claimed benefit of eliminating war, unhappiness and inefficiency. However, IT is aware of cruelty, referring to "ITself" as "the Happiest Sadist". While IT usually speaks through one of its pawns, IT can speak directly to people through telepathy, but IT only does this once throughout the entire novel. IT's name is always used whenever IT is spoken of (rather than the pronoun "it"), so pervasively that even the word "itself" is rewritten as "ITself."
The Black Thing[edit]
A formless, shadowy being. According to the Mrs. Whatsit, the Black Thing is the source of all evil in the universe. It is unclear from where the Black Thing came or what its motivations are. It is unclear what its relationship to IT is, although it is suggested that IT is a powerful servant of the Black Thing. Many people have fought the Black Thing and added to the peace of the world, including Mr. Murry.
Sub-characters[edit]
Alex Murry[edit]
Meg's father is a physicist who is researching the mysteries of the space/time continuum, specifically five-dimensional means of travel between planets. He is also the father of Meg, Sandy, Dennys and Charles Wallace. He has been missing for some time at the start of the novel, and not even his government colleagues know where he is. He is usually referred to as Mr. Murry. His first name is revealed in the fifth and last Time novel An Acceptable Time. In the television adaptation of A Wrinkle in Time, he is renamed Jack. He first appears in a flashback in Chapter One.
Dr. Katherine "Kate" Murry[edit]
Meg's mother is a microbiologist, Dr. Alexander Murry’s wife, and the mother of the four Murry children. She is considered beautiful by the Murry children and others, having "flaming red hair", creamy skin, and violet eyes with long dark lashes. Her physical attractiveness, academic and scientific accomplishments give Meg a bit of an inferiority complex. She is introduced in Chapter One, and usually referred to as Mrs. Murry. As in her husband's case, her first name is given in the subsequently published An Acceptable Time. The television version of her character is renamed Dana.
Sandy Murry[edit]
Sandy and his twin brother Dennys are the middle children in the Murry family, older than Charles Wallace but younger than Meg. They are 10 years old at the time of this book. Sandy is named after his father, Dr. Alex Murry. Although they are certainly intelligent, Sandy and his twin are considered the "normal" children in the family: B students, good at sports, and well able to fit in with their peers. Of the twins, Sandy is generally the leader, and the more pragmatic of the two. He and Dennys first appear in Chapter One.
Dennys Murry[edit]
Dennys is the twin of Sandy Murry. Dennys and his twin are usually inseparable, with Dennys generally following Sandy's lead. However, Dennys is slightly less skeptical than his brother about the strange theories and even stranger adventures of Meg and Charles Wallace. (Note: The name Dennys is a shortened version of "Dionysus", which is the name of a Greek god, but is pronounced the same way as the more common spelling "Dennis.")
Mrs. Buncombe[edit]
The wife of the constable in Meg's hometown, who has twelve bed-sheets stolen from her at the beginning of the novel.[25]
Mr. Jenkins[edit]
Mr. Jenkins [25] is Meg's cold and unfeeling high-school principal who calls her "belligerent and uncooperative" and implies that her family is in denial about Mr. Murry's true whereabouts.
Supporting alien characters[edit]
The Happy Medium lives in a cavern on a planet in Orion's Belt. Human in appearance, she is described as wearing a satin gown and a silk turban, and uses a crystal ball to look at distant places and people. Her title comes from the character's jolly temperament, and her preference for looking at happy things. She helps Meg, Calvin, and Charles Wallace see The Black Thing through the crystal ball and understand what they are fighting against. She is introduced in chapter five. (The name "Happy Medium" is a pun alluding to the common expression for reaching an acceptable compromise: "to find a happy medium.")
Aunt Beast is a character who takes care of Meg and befriends her on the planet Ixchel after Meg is "frozen" by the Black Thing. Introduced in chapter ten, the character is a four-armed eyeless gray creature with telepathic abilities and numerous long, waving tentacles instead of fingers. Aunt Beast has a motherly, nurturing attitude toward Meg. The name Aunt Beast is one that Meg and the alien come up with together, based on the character's perusal of Meg's mind. The character's actual name, if any, is not given.
Locations[edit]
Main article: Places in the works of Madeleine L'Engle
Early scenes in the novel take place in and around an unnamed village, later established in An Acceptable Time as being in Connecticut. The nearly 200-year-old Murry farmhouse has parallels in the Austin family series of books and in L'Engle's own Connecticut home, Crosswicks.[6]
When Meg, Calvin and Charles Wallace travel to other planets, the ones whose names are given include the following:
Camazotz – A planet of extreme, enforced conformity, ruled by a disembodied brain called IT. Camazotz is similar to Earth, with familiar trees such as birches, pines, and maples, an ordinary hill on which the children arrive, and a town with smokestacks, which "might have been one of any number of familiar towns". The horror of the place arises from its ordinary appearance, endlessly duplicated. Thus, the houses are "all exactly alike, small square boxes painted gray"; this characterization has been compared with "the burgeoning American suburbia"[26] such as the post-war housing developments of Levittown, Pennsylvania. The people who live in the houses are similarly described, with "mother figures" who "all gave the appearance of being the same". Camazotz has also been compared with "an early sixties American image of life in a Communist state", a characterization partially dismissed as too glib.[27] The name Camazotz refers to a Mayan bat god, one of L'Engle's many mythological allusions in her nomenclature.[28] It is also stated that Camazotz is a planet that has "given in" to the Black Thing, implying that it was not always the dystopian place that it is at present.
Ixchel – A planet of muted colors, inhabited by tall, sightless creatures with tentacles. It orbits the same sun as Camazotz. The name Ixchel refers to a Mayan jaguar goddess of medicine.[28]
Uriel – A planet with extremely tall mountains, an allusion to the Archangel Uriel. It is inhabited by creatures that resemble winged centaurs. It is "the third planet of the Star Malak (meaning 'angel' in Hebrew) in the spiral nebula Messier 101", which would place it at roughly 25 million light-years from Earth. The site of Mrs Whatsit's temporary transformation into one of these winged creatures, it is the place where "the guardian angels" (i.e. the Mrs Ws, who are explicitly referred to as such by Calvin later in the book) "show the questers a vision of the universe that is obscured on earth."[12]
They also stop briefly on an unnamed two-dimensional planet and on an unnamed planet in Orion's belt, the latter of which is the home of the Happy Medium.
Adaptations[edit]
Audio books[edit]
In 1994, Listening Library released an unabridged, 4-cassette audio edition read by the author.[29]
On January 10, 2012, Audible released a 50th anniversary edition recorded by Hope Davis.[30]
From left: David Dorfman as Charles Wallace Murry, Katie Stuart as Meg Murry, and Gregory Smith as Calvin O'Keefe on the planet Uriel
Film adaptations[edit]
Further information: A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film) and A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)
In 2003, a television adaptation of the novel was made by a collaboration of Canadian production companies, to be distributed in the United States by Disney. The movie was directed by John Kent Harrison, with a teleplay by Susan Shilliday. It stars Katie Stuart as Meg Murry, Alfre Woodard as Mrs. Whatsit, Alison Elliott as Mrs. Who, and Kate Nelligan as Mrs. Which. In an interview with MSNBC/Newsweek, when L'Engle was asked if the film "met her expectations", she said, "I have glimpsed it... I expected it to be bad, and it is."[31]
A theatrical feature film adaptation of the novel by Walt Disney Pictures, was released in 2018. The film was directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell. It stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Chris Pine, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Storm Reid, Michael Peña, and Zach Galifianakis.[32][33] While some critics "celebrated its message of female empowerment and diversity", this version became a box office bomb. However, it did make Ava DuVernay the first African-American woman to direct a film that earned at least $100 million domestically.[citation needed]
Play[edit]
An adaptation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990, and returned to the stage in 1998 and 2017.[34]
John Glore adapted the novel as a play that premiered in 2010. It was written for six actors playing 12 parts. One actor plays Mrs Whatsit, the Man with Red Eyes, and Camazotz Man. Dr. Kate Murry, Mrs Who, Camazotz Woman, and Aunt Beast also share one performer. The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa, California, with productions in Bethesda, Maryland; Cincinnati; Philadelphia; Orlando; Portland, Oregon; and other cities.[35][36]
An adaptation by Tracy Young premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in April 2014, as well as at colleges and theaters around the U.S.[37]
Opera[edit]
In 1992, OperaDelaware (known for frequently adapting children's books) staged an opera based on A Wrinkle in Time written by Libby Larsen with a libretto by Walter Green. The review in Philly.com stated "The composer does not place arias and set pieces, but conversational ensembles with spoken dialogue that made the young daughter's climactic but concise song about familial love all the more imposing."[38][39]
Graphic novel[edit]
In 2010, Hope Larson announced that she was writing and illustrating the official graphic novel version of the book. This version was published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in October 2012.[40][41]
References in popular culture[edit]
The television show Lost featured appearances of the book: it is one of the novels Sawyer reads on the Island, and it is seen on his dresser.[42]
Further reading[edit]
Other books in the series[edit]
L'Engle wrote four other books featuring this generation of the Murry family, collectively known as the Time Quintet.
A Wind in the Door (1973) ISBN 0-374-38443-6
A Swiftly Tilting Planet (1978) ISBN 0-374-37362-0
Many Waters (1986) ISBN 0-374-34796-4
An Acceptable Time (1989) ISBN 0-374-30027-5
Jean C. Fulton remarks that the books are not "intended to be read consecutively, these books, though integrated, are independent." Although Many Waters was published approximately eight years after A Swiftly Tilting Planet, it takes place several years earlier, when Sandy and Dennys are in high school and Meg is in college.
Four further novels have been published that feature Meg and Calvin's children, especially Polly O'Keefe. The most recent of these, An Acceptable Time, features Meg's parents, and is marketed with the four Murry books as part of the Time Quintet; Sandy Murry appears prominently in A House Like a Lotus, which features Polly O'Keefe. Nearly every novel by Madeleine L'Engle connects to the Murry-O'Keefe series either directly or indirectly with appearances by recurring characters. See also: List of L'Engle's works and Major characters in the works of Madeleine L'Engle for further detail.
Concerning A Wrinkle in Time[edit]
Scholastic BookFiles: A Reading Guide to A Wrinkle in Time ISBN 0-439-46364-5
Chase, Carole F. Suncatcher: A Study of Madeleine L'Engle and Her Writing, p. 170. Innisfree Press, 1998, ISBN 1-880913-31-3
See also[edit]
Tunnel Through Time
Wormhole
Children's literature portal
Speculative fiction portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award for children's writing was inaugurated in 1956, recognizing a single book published during the preceding two years. Since the first three renditions—that is, from 1962—it has recognized a living author for a lasting contribution, considering his or her complete works. Nevertheless, a "Runner-Up List" with single book titles was published from 1960 to 1964. [Pages 15–16. This source does not identify those runners-up or report their number.]
Glistrup, Eva (2002). "Half a Century of the Hans Christian Andersen Awards". The Hans Christian Andersen Awards, 1956–2002. International Board on Books for Young People. Gyldendal. 2002. Pages 14–21. Hosted by Austrian Literature Online (literature.at). Retrieved 2013-07-22.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "A wrinkle in time". LC Online Catalog. Library of Congress (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 2016-10-30.
^ Jump up to: a b L'Unji, Madeleine (2007). "Go Fish: Questions for the Author", A Wrinkle in Time. New York: Square fish. p. 236. ISBN 0-312-36754-6.
Jump up ^ Chase, Carole F. (1998). Suncatcher: A Study of Madeleine L'Engle And Her Writing. Philadelphia: Innisfree Press, Inc. p. 170. ISBN 1-880913-31-3.
Jump up ^ L'Engle, Madeleine (1987). A Wrinkle in Time, 25th Anniversary Collectors' Edition (Limited ed.). ikNew York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. viii–ix.
Jump up ^ L'Engle, Madeleine. A Circle of Quiet. ISBN 0-374-12374-8.
^ Jump up to: a b c L'Engle, Madeleine (1972). A Circle of Quiet. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. 5–6, 21, 66, 217–218. ISBN 0-374-12374-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Fulton, Jean C. (2002). "A Wrinkle in Time". In Fiona Kelleghan. Classics of Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. 2. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press. p. 596. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2012. Madeleine L'Engle's view of the universe was changed by the work of such well-known physicists as Albert Einstein and Max Planck. She expressed her new perspective in A Wrinkle in Time...
Jump up ^ L'Engle, Madeleine (2004). "A Special Message from Madeleine L'Engle". Teachers @ Random: A Wrinkle in Time. Random House, Inc. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "It's Time to Read A Wrinkle in Time". Square Fish Books. 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ Chan, Sewell (November 30, 2008). "Repaired After Fire, Cathedral Reopens". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Hettinga, Donald (1998), "A Wrinkle in Faith: The unique spiritual pilgrimage of Madeleine L'Engle", Books & culture: a Christian review, Christianity today
^ Jump up to: a b Hettinga, p. 26
Jump up ^ Fulton, Jean C (2002). "A Wrinkle in Time". In Kelleghan, Fiona. Classics of Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. 2. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. pp. 597–98. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2012. ...the importance of both individual initiative and family interaction is a thematic thread. L'Engle made both the Murry adults highly talented, both intellectually and scientifically. This was atypical of fiction published in the 1950s, when the book was written. Female characters rarely were featured as intellectuals or scientists. L'Engle has been praised for this departure as well as for her creation of strong female characters. Critics even suggested that in making Meg the protagonist in A Wrinkle in Time, L'Engle opened the door for the many female protagonists who have appeared in more recent fantasy and science fiction.
Jump up ^ "A wrinkle in time excerpt". The Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Jennifer (April 16, 2015). "A New 'Wrinkle in Time'". The Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ "A WRINKLE IN TIME by Madeleine L'Engle". Kirkus Reviews. March 1, 1962. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000". Banned Books Week. American Library Association. 2007. Archived from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ Matheson, Whitney (September 29, 2004). "Some of the best books in life are ... banned?". USA Today. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Why Were These Books Banned?". Library – Faculty Services. Val A. Browning Library, Dixie State College of Utah. 2001. Archived from the original on March 15, 2007. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ "A Wrinkle In Time". banned books project. Solonor.com. September 21, 2003. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Douglas; et al. (2004). "Interactive Read-Alouds: Is There a Common Set of Implementation Practices?" (PDF). The Reading Teacher. 58 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1598/RT.58.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ National Education Association (2007). "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children". Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bird, Elizabeth (July 7, 2012). "Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results". School Library Journal "A Fuse #8 Production" blog. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Brogan, Jacob (29 July 2016). "The Book Chelsea Clinton Touted as Her Childhood Favorite Is Now Outselling Trump's Art of the Deal". Slate. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Madeleine L'Engle (2013-09-30). "A Wrinkle in Time: Characters". SparkNotes. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
Jump up ^ Hettinga, Donald R. (1993). Presenting Madeleine L'Engle. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 27. ISBN 0-8057-8222-2.
Jump up ^ Blackburn, William (1985). "Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time: Seeking the Original Face". Touchstones: Reflections on the Best in Children's Literature. 1: 125. ; cited in Hettinga, pp. 27.
^ Jump up to: a b Stott, Jon (Fall 1977). "Midsummer Night's Dreams: Fantasy and Self-Realization in Children's Fiction". The Lion and the Unicorn. 1 (2): 25–39. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0401. ; cited in Hettinga, pp. 27, 30.
Jump up ^ L'Engle, Madeleine (1994). A Wrinkle in Time (Audiobook ed.). Listening Library. ISBN 0-8072-7587-5.
Jump up ^ L'Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time. Davis, Hope (Narrator) (Audible ed.). ASIN B006LPK3WS.
Jump up ^ Henneberger, Melinda (May 7, 2003). "'I Dare You': Madeleine L'Engle on God, 'The Da Vinci Code' and aging well". Newsweek. MSNBC. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (November 1, 2016). "Zach Galifianakis, Andre Holland, and 'Pan' Star Levi Miller Join 'A Wrinkle in Time'". Variety. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gettell, Oliver (November 1, 2016). "A Wrinkle in Time adds Zach Galifianakis, André Holland, Rowan Blanchard". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bommer, Lawrence. "A Wrinkle in Time". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2016-02-18.
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Susan (February 28, 2010). "'Wrinkle in Time' takes leap to South Coast Rep stage". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wren, Celia (December 9, 2010). "A 'Wrinkle' wrought smoothly for the stage". Washington Post. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Plays: A Wrinkle in Time". Chicago Reader. 2014.
Jump up ^ Webster, Daniel (March 30, 1992). "'Wrinkle In Time' At Playhouse, Premiered By Operadelaware". Philly.com. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Libby Larsen - Opera". libbylarsen.com.
Jump up ^ "A first look at Hope Larson's A Wrinkle in Time". Comic Book Resources. 2010. Archived from the original on August 29, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Arrant, Chris (2010-08-31). "Hope Larson talks comics | Robot 6 | The Comics Culture Blog". Robot6.comicbookresources.com. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen & Kelly, Liz (December 19, 2007). "Lost Book Club: 'A Wrinkle in Time'". Washington Post. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
External links[edit]
Madeleine L'Engle (madeleinelengle.com)
A Wrinkle in Time reviewed at The Open Critic
A Wrinkle in Time title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
A Wrinkle in Time (TV) (mini) on IMDb
Official book site for the May 2007 release.
Awards
Preceded by
The Bronze Bow Newbery Medal recipient
1963 Succeeded by
It's Like This, Cat
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Motion (democracy)
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The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A motion is a formal step to introduce a matter for consideration by a group. It is a common concept in the procedure of trade unions, students' unions, corporations, and other deliberative assemblies. Motions can be oral or in writing, the written form being known as a resolution.
Proposing motions[edit]
A motion is generally proposed by an individual, usually a member of the body, for the consideration of the body as a whole. With the exception of certain incidental and privileged motions, the person making the motion, known as the mover, must first be recognized by the chairman as being entitled to speak; this process is known as obtaining the floor.
Once the mover has obtained the floor, the mover states the motion, normally prefixed with the phrase "I move." For instance, at a meeting of the board of directors of a corporation, a director may state "I move that the corporation delays the launch of the new product from April to July." If the motion was in writing, the mover would say "I move the resolution at the desk" or "I move the following resolution" and would then read it. Generally, once the motion has been proposed, consideration by the assembly occurs only if another member of the body immediately seconds the motion.
Main motions[edit]
A main motion is a motion whose introduction brings business before the assembly. If the motion has been proposed in advance of a conference or similar assembly, it may then be composited with other motion with related proposals.
A common next step is to allow the submission of amendments to the motion, which are motions in their own right. Again, these must often be seconded.
The motion is then considered by the assembly. A common procedure is to first read the motion, then take votes on each amendment to it in turn. In many cases, sections of motions and amendments can be debated and voted on separately by taking [the motion] in parts.
Once the amendments have been voted upon, the motion, with the adopted amendments, is debated and voted upon. Depending on the nature of the motion and the assembly, it may require a simple majority, a two-thirds majority or some other formulation in order to be adopted.
If the motion is adopted, it becomes part of the assembly's policy.
Motions are also used in debating events and competitions that mimic legislative assemblies or other deliberative bodies. Motions in this case are often prefaced with the phrase This House..., e.g. This House would ban smoking in public places.
See also[edit]
Motion (parliamentary procedure)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motion_(democracy)&oldid=726040719"
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values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

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values:
/wiki/Motion_(democracy)
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c

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

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/wiki/Special:Random
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x

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values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

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/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
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u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

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values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

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https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motie
Motie – Dutch
nl
nl
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