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Independence Day (United States)
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"Fourth of July" and "4th of July" redirect here. For the date, see July 4. For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation). For other related material, see Fourth of July (disambiguation).
Independence Day
Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Washington Monument in 1986, take place across the United States on Independence Day.
Also called
The Fourth of July
Observed by
United States
Type
National
Significance
The day in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress
Celebrations
Fireworks, family reunions, concerts, barbecues, picnics, parades, baseball games
Date
July 4
Next time
July 4, 2018 (2018-07-04)
Frequency
Annual
Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire.[1] The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.[1]
Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Observance
3 Customs
4 Celebration gallery
5 Notable celebrations
6 Other countries
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Background
During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule.[5][6] After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail:
The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.[7]
Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress.[8]
Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, even though Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin all later wrote that they had signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed.[9][10][11][12][13]
Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as President, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President who died on the anniversary of independence. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872; so far he is the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day.
Observance
In 1777, thirteen gunshots were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island. Philadelphia celebrated the first anniversary in a manner a modern American would find familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop reviews, and fireworks. Ships in port were decked with red, white, and blue bunting.[14]
In 1778, from his headquarters at Ross Hall, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, General George Washington marked July 4 with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an artillery salute (feu de joie). Across the Atlantic Ocean, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France.[15]
American children of many ethnic backgrounds celebrate noisily in 1902 Puck cartoon
In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.[15]
In 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.[15]
In 1783, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, held a celebration of July 4 with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter. This work was titled The Psalm of Joy. This is recognized as the first recorded celebration[clarification needed] and is still celebrated there today.[16]
In 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.[17]
In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.[18]
Customs
An 1825 invitation to an Independence Day celebration
Fireworks on Independence Day in Goleta, California.
Independence Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations often take place outdoors. Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (such as the postal service and federal courts) are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people.
Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.
The night before the Fourth was once the focal point of celebrations, marked by raucous gatherings often incorporating bonfires as their centerpiece. In New England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks. They were lit at nightfall to usher in the celebration. The highest were in Salem, Massachusetts, with pyramids composed of as many as forty tiers of barrels. These made the tallest bonfires ever recorded. The custom flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries and is still practiced in some New England towns.[19]
Independence Day fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs such as the national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner", "God Bless America", "America the Beautiful," "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," "This Land Is Your Land," "Stars and Stripes Forever," and, regionally, "Yankee Doodle" in northeastern states and "Dixie" in southern states. Some of the lyrics recall images of the Revolutionary War or the War of 1812.
Independence Day Parade in Washington, D.C.
Firework shows are held in many states, and many fireworks are sold for personal use or as an alternative to a public show. Safety concerns have led some states to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed. In addition, local and regional weather conditions may dictate whether the sale or use of fireworks in an area will be allowed. Some local or regional firework sales are limited or prohibited because of dry weather or other specific concerns. On these occasions the public may be prohibited from purchasing or discharging fireworks, but professional displays (such as those at sports events) may still take place, if certain safety precautions have been taken.
A salute of one gun for each state in the United States, called a "salute to the union," is fired on Independence Day at noon by any capable military base.[20]
In 2009, New York City had the largest fireworks display in the country, with more than 22 tons of pyrotechnics exploded.[21] It generally holds displays in the East River. Other major displays are in Chicago on Lake Michigan; in San Diego over Mission Bay; in Boston on the Charles River; in St. Louis on the Mississippi River; in San Francisco over the San Francisco Bay; and on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
During the annual Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, Detroit, Michigan hosts one of the world's largest fireworks displays, over the Detroit River, to celebrate Independence Day in conjunction with Windsor, Ontario's celebration of Canada Day.
The first week of July is typically one of the busiest United States travel periods of the year, as many people use what is often a three-day holiday weekend for extended vacation trips.[22]
Celebration gallery
In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day
New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[21] in the country
Play media
Patriotic trailer shown in theaters celebrating July 4, 1940
A festively decorated Independence day cake.
Lakes are a popular destination for Fourth of July celebrations in the Midwest.
Notable celebrations
Originally entitled Yankee Doodle, this is one of several versions of a scene painted by A. M. Willard that came to be known as The Spirit of '76. Often imitated or parodied, it is a familiar symbol of American patriotism
Held since 1785, the Bristol Fourth of July Parade in Bristol, Rhode Island is the oldest continuous Independence Day celebration in the United States.
Since 1868, Seward, Nebraska has held a celebration on the same town square. In 1979 Seward was designated "America's Official Fourth of July City-Small Town USA" by resolution of Congress. Seward has also been proclaimed "Nebraska's Official Fourth of July City" by Governor James Exon in proclamation. Seward is a town of 6,000 but swells to 40,000+ during the July 4 celebrations.[23]
Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the Rebild Hills of Denmark.[24]
Since 1959, the International Freedom Festival is jointly held in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario during the last week of June each year as a mutual celebration of Independence Day and Canada Day (July 1). It culminates in a large fireworks display over the Detroit River.
The famous Macy's fireworks display usually held over the East River in New York City has been televised nationwide on NBC since 1976. In 2009, the fireworks display was returned to the Hudson River for the first time since 2000 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's exploration of that river.[25]
The Boston Pops Orchestra has hosted a music and fireworks show over the Charles River Esplanade called the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" annually since 1973.[26] The event was broadcast nationally from 1991 until 2002 on A&E, and since 2002 by CBS and its Boston station WBZ-TV. WBZ/1030 and WBZ-TV broadcast the entire event locally, and from 2002 through 2012, CBS broadcast the final hour of the concert nationally in primetime. The national broadcast was put on hiatus beginning in 2013, which Pops executive producer David G. Mugar believed was the result of decreasing viewership caused by NBC's encore presentation of the Macy's fireworks.[27][28] The national broadcast will be revived for 2016, and expanded to two hours.[29]
On the Capitol lawn in Washington, D.C., A Capitol Fourth, a free concert broadcast live by PBS, NPR and the American Forces Network, precedes the fireworks and attracts over half a million people annually.
Other countries
The Philippines celebrates July 4 as its Republic Day to commemorate that day in 1946 when it ceased to be a U.S. territory and the United States officially recognized Philippine Independence.[30] July 4 was intentionally chosen by the United States because it corresponds to its Independence Day, and this day was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. In Rwanda, July 4 is an official holiday known as Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which the U.S. government also played a role. Rebild National Park in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States.[31]
See also
Holidays portal
United States portal
1776 (musical)
Constitution Day (United States)
To the Fourth of July (1898), poem
"What to a slave is the 4th of July?" – 1852 Frederick Douglass speech
References
^ Jump up to: a b "What is Independence Day in USA?". Tech Notes. July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Days of Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New Zealand. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Central Intelligence Agency. "National Holiday". The World Factbook. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "National Holiday of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (July 1, 1917). "How Declaration of Independence was Drafted" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2009. On the following day, when the formal vote of Congress was taken, the resolutions were approved by twelve Colonies–all except New York. The original Colonies, therefore, became the United States of America on July 2, 1776.
Jump up ^ "Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776, 'Had a Declaration…'". Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Maier, Pauline (August 7, 1997). "Making Sense of the Fourth of July". American Heritage. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 191–96. ISBN 1104991853.
Jump up ^ Warren, Charles (July 1945). "Fourth of July Myths". William and Mary Quarterly. 3d. 2 (3): 238–272.
Jump up ^ "Top 5 Myths About the Fourth of July!". History News Network. George Mason University. June 30, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, pp. 184–85.
Jump up ^ For the minority scholarly argument that the Declaration was signed on July 4, see Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776", Law and History Review 4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204, via JSTOR.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "The First Celebrations".
^ Jump up to: a b c Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences".
Jump up ^ [1] Archived July 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "How the Fourth of July was Designated as an 'Official' Holiday".
Jump up ^ Heintze, "Federal Legislation Establishing the Fourth of July Holiday".
Jump up ^ "The Night Before the Fourth". The Atlantic. July 1, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Origin of the 21-Gun Salute". U.S. Army Center of Military History. October 3, 2003. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky, USA Today, July 2009.
Jump up ^ "AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers", PR Newswire, 23 June 2010
Jump up ^ "History of Seward Nebraska 4th of July". Archived from the original on July 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "History". Rebild Society. Rebild National Park Society. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2009 Macy's 4th of July Fireworks". Federated Department Stores. April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration". Boston 4 Celebrations Foundation. 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ James H. Burnett III. Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks. Boston Globe, July 8, 2011
Jump up ^ Powers, Martine; Moskowitz, Eric (June 15, 2013). "July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "With CBS on board again, Keith Lockhart is ready to take over prime time". Boston Herald. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Philippine Republic Day, Official Gazette (Philippines), retrieved July 5, 2012
Jump up ^ Lindsey Galloway (Jul 3, 2012). "Celebrate American independence in Denmark".
Further reading
Becker, Carl L. (1922). The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN 0-394-70060-0. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Criblez, Adam (2013). Parading Patriotism: Independence Day Celebrations in the Urban Midwest, 1826–1876. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
Heintze, James R. "Fourth of July Celebrations Database". American University of Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Independence Day (United States).
Fourth of July Is Independence Day USA.gov, July 4, 2014
U.S. Independence Day a Civic and Social Event U.S. State Department, June 22, 2010
The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro by Frederick Douglass
Fourth of July Orations Collection at the Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books, Ellis Library, University of Missouri
The Fourth of July, Back in the Day – slideshow by Life magazine
Fourth of July 2015 Fireworks in New York City on Youtube
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Bromothymol blue
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Bromothymol blue
Names
IUPAC name
4,4′-(1,1-Dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-3,3-diyl)bis(2-bromo-6-isopropyl-3-methylphenol)
Identifiers
CAS Number
76-59-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:86155 N
ChemSpider
6208 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.884
PubChem CID
6450
UNII
VGU4LM0H96 Y
InChI[show]
InChI=1S/C27H28Br2O5S/c1-13(2)17-11-20(15(5)23(28)25(17)30)27(19-9-7-8-10-22(19)35(32,33)34-27)21-12-18(14(3)4)26(31)24(29)16(21)6/h7-14,30-31H,1-6H3 Y
Key: NUHCTOLBWMJMLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
InChI=1/C27H28Br2O5S/c1-13(2)17-11-20(15(5)23(28)25(17)30)27(19-9-7-8-10-22(19)35(32,33)34-27)21-12-18(14(3)4)26(31)24(29)16(21)6/h7-14,30-31H,1-6H3
Key: NUHCTOLBWMJMLX-UHFFFAOYAD
SMILES[show]
Brc1c(O)c(cc(c1C)C3(OS(=O)(=O)c2ccccc23)c4cc(c(O)c(Br)c4C)C(C)C)C(C)C
Properties
Chemical formula
C27H28Br2O5S
Molar mass 624.38 g·mol−1
Density 1.25 g/cm3
Melting point 202 °C (396 °F; 475 K)
Solubility in water
Sparingly soluble in water[1]
Acidity (pKa) 7.0
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927468
NFPA 704
1
2
0
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is Y N ?)
Infobox references
Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid indicator.
Bromothymol blue (pH indicator)
below pH 6.0 above pH 7.6
6.0 ⇌ 7.6
Bromothymol blue (pH indicator)
below pH <0 above pH 6.0
<0 ⇌ 6.0
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure and properties
2 Preparation
3 Uses
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Structure and properties[edit]
Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the difference in color. An intermediate of the deprotonation mechanism is responsible for the greenish color in neutral solution.[2]
The protonated form of bromothymol blue has its peak absorption at 427 nm thus transmitting yellow light in acidic solutions, and the deprotonated form has its peak absorption at 602 nm thus transmitting blue light in more basic solutions.[3]
The general carbon skeleton of bromothymol blue is common to many indicators including chlorophenol red, thymol blue, and bromocresol green.[2]
The presence of one moderate electron withdrawing group (bromine atom) and two moderate donating groups (alkyl substituents) are responsible for bromothymol blue's active indication range from a pH of 6.0 to 7.6. While the conjugation is responsible for the length and nature of the color change range, these substituent groups are ultimately responsible for the indicator's active range.[2]
Structure at different pH ranges
Bromothymol blue is sparingly soluble in oil, but soluble in water, ether, and aqueous solutions of alkalis. It is less soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, and practically insoluble in petroleum ether.[4]
Preparation[edit]
To prepare a solution for use as pH indicator, dissolve 0.10 g in 8.0 cm3 N/50 NaOH and dilute with water to 250 cm3. To prepare a solution for use as indicator in volumetric work, dissolve 0.1 g in 100 cm3 of 50% (v/v) ethanol.[4]
Uses[edit]
Different colors of bromothymol blue at marked pH conditions.
Bromothymol blue may be used for observing photosynthetic activities, or as a respiratory indicator (turns yellow as CO2 is added).[5][6] A common demonstration of BTB's pH indicator properties involves exhaling through a tube into a neutral solution of BTB. As carbon dioxide is absorbed from the breath into the solution, forming carbonic acid, the solution changes color from green to yellow. Thus, BTB is commonly used in science classes to demonstrate that the more that muscles are used, the greater the CO2 output.
Bromothymol blue has been used in conjunction with phenol red to monitor the fungal asparaginase enzyme activity with phenol red turning pink and bromothymol blue turning blue indicating an increase in pH and therefore enzyme activity. However, a recent study suggests that methyl red is more useful in determining activity due to the bright yellow ring form in the zone of enzyme activity.[7]
A less diverse but wider range of the different colors shown by Bromothymol Blue. The magenta color on the left-hand side is Bromothymol Blue with concentrated Hydrochloric Acid.
It may also be used in the laboratory as a biological slide stain. At this point, it is already blue, and a few drops are used on a water slide. The cover slip is placed on top of the water droplet and the specimen in it, with the blue coloring mixed in.[clarification needed] It is sometimes used to define cell walls or nuclei under the microscope.
Bromothymol is used in obstetrics for detecting premature rupture of membranes. Amniotic fluid typically has a pH > 7.2, bromothymol will therefore turn blue when brought in contact with fluid leaking from the amnion. As vaginal pH normally is acidic, the blue color indicates the presence of amniotic fluid. The test may be false-positive in the presence of other alkaline substances such as blood or semen, or in the presence of bacterial vaginosis.
See also[edit]
pH indicator
Litmus
Phenolphthalein
Methyl orange
Universal indicator
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c De Meyer, Thierry (March 2014). "Substituent effects on absorption spectra of pH indicators: An experimental and computational study of sulfonphthaleine dyes". Dyes and Pigments. 102: 241–250. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.10.048. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Nahhal; et al. (18 July 2012). "Thin film optical BTB pH sensors using sol–gel method in presence of surfactants" (PDF). International Nano Letters. 2 (16): 3. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b O'Neil, Maryadele J (2006). The Merck Index. Merck Research Laboratory. p. 1445. ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1.
Jump up ^ Sabnis R. W. (2007). Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-8218-1.
Jump up ^ Sabnis R. W. (2010). Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Applications (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-470-40753-0.
Jump up ^ Dhale, Mohan (July 2014). "A comparative rapid and sensitive method to screen l-asparaginase producing fungi". Journal of Microbiological Methods. 102: 66–68. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2014.04.010. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
External links[edit]
J.T.Baker MSDS
Bromothymol Blue (Sodium Salt) -Sigma Aldrich
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromothymol_blue&oldid=804946157"
Categories:
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Triarylmethane dyes
Microbiological media ingredients
Benzoxathioles
Phenol dyes
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text:
American Pickers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
American Pickers
Also known as
The Pickers (outside the US, Canada, UK, and Australia)
Antiqot al Haderekh (Hebrew: ענתיקות על הדרך, Antiques on the Way) in Israel
Cazatesoros in Spain, Pe urmele antichităților in Romania
Genre
Reality
Created by
Mike Wolfe
Developed by
Mark Poertner
Stephen Pettinger
Directed by
Anthony Mastanduno
Starring
Mike Wolfe
Frank Fritz
Danielle Colby
Lauren Wray
Robbie Wolfe
Dave Ohrt
Theme music composer
Jingle Punks Music
Composer(s)
The Dark Studio
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
19
No. of episodes
256 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Charles Tremayne
Mark Poertner
Mike Wolfe
Producer(s)
Simon Lloyd
Stephen Pettinger
Julie Cooper
Location(s)
LeClaire, Iowa
Nashville, Tennessee
Nationwide, particularly Rural America (especially the Rust Belt, Midwest, and South)
Cinematography
John Chiappardi
Editor(s)
Julianna Borg
Max Cherpitel
Charles Montany
William Shaw
Camera setup
Multiple (Casey Marucci, Jennifer Tsai)
Running time
60 minutes
Production company(s)
Cineflix (AP2/AP3/AP4/AP5) Inc.
A&E Television Networks, LLC
Release
Original network
History
Original release
January 18, 2010 (2010-01-18) – present
External links
Website
American Pickers is an American reality television series that premiered on January 18, 2010 on the History channel, produced by A&E Television Networks in collaboration with Cineflix Media.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Reception
3 Episodes
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Overview[edit]
The Nash Statesman Super in front of the Antique Archaeology building in Le Claire, Iowa
The show follows antique and collectible pickers Mike Wolfe and Frank Fritz who travel around the United States to buy or "pick" various items for resale, for clients, or for their own personal collections. They originally traveled in a Mercedes-Benz Sprinter van and now a Ford Transit. Danielle Colby runs the office of Wolfe's business, Antique Archaeology,[1] from their home base in Le Claire, Iowa, and more recently at a second location in Nashville, Tennessee. Fritz sells his acquisitions at his own shop and on his own website,[2] Frank Fritz Finds, upriver in Savanna, Illinois.[3] The men go on the road, not only following up leads that Colby has generated, but also "free-styling" - stopping at places that look like they might hold items worth buying. They also pick some places more than once.
The series introduction is narrated by Wolfe and Fritz. The first three seasons used the complete opening. Beginning with season 4, a shortened version is used, with the portion in italics below removed:
I'm Mike Wolfe. And I'm Frank Fritz. And we're pickers. We travel the back roads of America looking to buy rusty gold.
We're looking for amazing things buried in people's garages and barns. What most people see as junk, we see as dollar signs. We'll buy "anything" we think we can make a buck on. Each item we pick has a history all its own. And the people we meet? Well, they're a breed all their own.
We make a living telling the history of America...one piece at a time.
Mike and Frank explore people's homes, barns, sheds, outbuildings, and other places where they have stored antiques and collectibles. They call upon casual collectors, hoarders, and occasionally people who have inherited overwhelming collections of apparent junk. Wolfe, who has been picking since age four,[4] has a particular interest in antique motorcycles, air-cooled Volkswagens (referred to as VOTES-wagons by Wolfe), old bicycles, and penny-farthings, while Fritz has a fondness for antique toys, oil cans, and old Hondas.[5] They have purchased old advertisements and commercial signage, film posters, a rare 15-gallon visible gasoline pump, and a Piaggio Ape (pronounced: ah-peh) that one of their friends told them is probably the only one of its kind in North America.[6][7]
In December 2011, American Pickers revealed that Antique Archaeology had leased part of a former 1914 car factory in Nashville, Tennessee, which originally made the Marathon automobile, for a second business location to decrease the distance required to haul their finds from the southern states.[8]
Reception[edit]
The series debuted on January 18, 2010. The premiere episode of American Pickers had 3.1 million viewers, making it the highest rated History channel debut since Ice Road Truckers in 2007.[9] The September 8, 2010, episode "Laurel & Hardy" garnered Nielsen ratings as high as 5.3 million viewers in the 25–54 age group. As of that episode, the show retained the title of #1 new non-fiction series of 2010 among all viewers and adults 25–54.[10]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of American Pickers episodes
See also[edit]
Canadian Pickers / Cash Cowboys (2011–13), a similar TV series featuring two pickers in Canada; produced by Cineflix Media for the History channel in Canada.
Aussie Pickers, a similar TV series featuring two pickers in Australia on the A&E Australia channel, beginning in 2013.
Picker Sisters, a 2011 TV series about two female pickers/designers.
Picked Off, History's 2012 reality competition series, also produced by Cineflix Media.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Steven Kurutz (August 24, 2011). "At Home with Mike Wolfe: The Jack Kerouac of Junk". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Rob Owen (September 2, 2012). "'Pickers' don't compete on sales". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
Jump up ^ http://frankfritzfinds.com/The-Store.aspx
Jump up ^ "'Mike Wolfe & Frank Fritz'".
Jump up ^ "Mike's Breakdown" (season 2, episode 12)
Jump up ^ "American Pickers": The Inside Story of the History Channel’s Surprise Hit River Cities' Reader Quote: "The episode "Super Scooter" shows how the pair works together. Wolfe is nearly drooling over a Vespa Ape scooter."
Jump up ^ "Big Bear" (season 1, episode 1)
Jump up ^ Antique Archaeology web page about Nashville location Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2012-01-03
Jump up ^ "'Series Debut of American Pickers Scores 3.1 million'".
Jump up ^ "'HISTORY Posts Blockbuster Ratings on Monday Night with Premiere Episodes of Hit Series 'American Pickers & 'Pawn Stars".
External links[edit]
Official website
History's "Meet the Pickers" cast bios
Official Antique Archaeology website
Official Frank Fritz Finds website
American Pickers on IMDb
"American Pickers": The Inside Story of the History Channel’s Surprise Hit, Jeff Ignatius, River Cities' Reader, 17 March 2010
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 168162172
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