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Georgia (U.S. state)
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This article is about the U.S. state. For the country, see Georgia (country). For other uses, see Georgia.
"State of Georgia" redirects here. For the TV series, see State of Georgia (TV series).
State of Georgia
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Peach State, Empire State of the South
Motto(s): Wisdom, Justice, Moderation
State song(s): "Georgia on My Mind"
Official language
English
Spoken languages
English, Spanish (7.42%)
Demonym
Georgian
Capital
(and largest city)
Atlanta
Largest metro
Metro Atlanta
Area
Ranked 24th
• Total
59,425 sq mi
(153,909 km2)
• Width
230 miles (370 km)
• Length
298 miles (480 km)
• % water
2.6
• Latitude
30.356 – 34.985° N
• Longitude
80.840 – 85.605° W
Population
Ranked 8th
• Total
10,429,379 (2017 est.)[1]
• Density
165/sq mi (65.4/km2)
Ranked 18th
• Median household income
$50,768[2] (39th)
Elevation
• Highest point
Brasstown Bald[3][4]
4,784 ft (1,458 m)
• Mean
600 ft (180 m)
• Lowest point
Atlantic Ocean[3]
Sea level
Before statehood
Province of Georgia
Admission to Union
January 2, 1788 (4th)
Governor
Nathan Deal (R)
Lieutenant Governor
Casey Cagle (R)
Legislature
Georgia General Assembly
• Upper house
State Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
U.S. Senators
Johnny Isakson (R)
David Perdue (R)
U.S. House delegation
10 Republicans
4 Democrats (list)
Time zone
Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166
US-GA
Abbreviations
GA, Ga.
Website
www.georgia.gov
showGeorgia state symbols
The Flag of Georgia
The Seal of Georgia
Living insignia
Amphibian
American green tree frog
Bird
Brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
Fish
Largemouth bass
Flower
Cherokee Rose
Insect
Honey bee
Mammal
White-tailed deer
Reptile
Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)
Tree
Live oak (Quercus virginiana)
Inanimate insignia
Food
Peanut
Mineral
Staurolite
Other
Vegetable: Vidalia onion
Marine mammal: Right whale
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 1999
Lists of United States state symbols
Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States. It began as a British colony in 1733, the last and furthest south of the original Thirteen Colonies.[5] Named after King George II of Great Britain,[6] the Province of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina down to Spanish Florida and New France along Louisiana (New France), also bordering to the west towards the Mississippi River. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788.[7] In 1802–1804, western Georgia was split to the Mississippi Territory, which later split to form Alabama with part of former West Florida in 1819. Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate states.[7] It was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15, 1870.[7] Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States. From 2007 to 2008, 14 of Georgia's counties ranked among the nation's 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas.[8] Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South.[7] Atlanta, the state's capital and most populous city, has been named a global city.
Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, to the northeast by South Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by Florida, and to the west by Alabama. The state's northernmost part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. The Piedmont extends through the central part of the state from the foothills of the Blue Ridge to the Fall Line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the coastal plain of the state's southern part. Georgia's highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet (1,458 m) above sea level; the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean. Of the states entirely east of the Mississippi River, Georgia is the largest in land area.[9]
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Boundaries
2.2 Geology and terrain
2.3 Ecology
2.4 Flora
2.5 Fauna
2.6 Climate
3 Demographics
3.1 Population
3.2 Languages
3.3 Major cities (2017)
3.4 Religion
4 Government
4.1 State government
4.2 Local government
4.3 Elections
4.4 Politics
5 Economy
5.1 Agriculture
5.2 Mining
5.3 Industry
5.4 Logistics
5.5 Military
5.6 Energy use and production
5.7 State taxes
5.8 Film
5.9 Tourism
6 Culture
6.1 Fine and performing arts
6.2 Literature
6.3 Television
6.4 Music
6.5 Film
6.6 Sports
7 Parks and recreational activities
8 Education
9 Media
10 Infrastructure
10.1 Transportation
10.2 Health care
10.2.1 Medicaid Expansion
11 Cities
12 Notable people
13 State symbols
14 See also
15 References
16 Bibliography
17 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of Georgia (U.S. state)
Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures. The British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12, 1733.[10] The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by (and named for) King George II. The Trustees implemented an elaborate plan for the colony's settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan, which envisioned an agrarian society of yeoman farmers and prohibited slavery. The colony was invaded by the Spanish in 1742, during the War of Jenkins' Ear. In 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a crown colony, with a governor appointed by the king.[11]
The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, on June 27, 1864
The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence. The State of Georgia's first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24, 1778,[12] and was the 4th state to ratify the current Constitution on January 2, 1788.
In 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to take land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgia's tribes. Despite the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) that ruled U.S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched federal troops to gather the Cherokee and deport them west of the Mississippi. This forced relocation, known as the Trail of Tears, led to the death of over 4,000 Cherokees.
In early 1861, Georgia joined the Confederacy and became a major theater of the Civil War. Major battles took place at Chickamauga, Kennesaw Mountain, and Atlanta. In December 1864, a large swath of the state from Atlanta to Savannah was destroyed during General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea. 18,253 Georgian soldiers died in service, roughly one of every five who served.[13] In 1870, following the Reconstruction Era, Georgia became the last Confederate state to be restored to the Union.
A girl spinner in a Georgia cotton mill, 1909.
With white Democrats having regained power in the state legislature, they passed a poll tax in 1877, which disenfranchised many poor blacks and whites, preventing them from registering.[14] In 1908, the state established a white primary; with the only competitive contests within the Democratic Party, it was another way to exclude blacks from politics.[15] They constituted 46.7% of the state's population in 1900, but the proportion of Georgia's population that was African American dropped thereafter to 28%, primarily due to tens of thousands leaving the state during the Great Migration.[16] This political disfranchisement persisted through the mid-1960s, until after Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
According to the Equal Justice Institute's 2015 report on lynching in the United States (1877-1950), Georgia had 531 deaths, the second-highest total of these crimes of any state in the South, exceeded by Mississippi. The overwhelming number of victims were black and male.[17]
Geography[edit]
Main article: Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)
Road to Brasstown Bald
Jekyll Island
Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia
Boundaries[edit]
Beginning from the Atlantic Ocean, the state's eastern border with South Carolina runs up the Savannah River, northwest to its origin at the confluence of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers. It then continues up the Tugaloo (originally Tugalo) and into the Chattooga River, its most significant tributary. These bounds were decided in the 1797 Treaty of Beaufort, and tested in the U.S. Supreme Court in the two Georgia v. South Carolina cases in 1923 and 1989.
The border then takes a sharp turn around the tip of Rabun County, at latitude 35°N, though from this point it diverges slightly south (due to inaccuracies in the original survey). This northern border was originally the Georgia and North Carolina border all the way to the Mississippi River, until Tennessee was divided from North Carolina, and the Yazoo companies induced the legislature of Georgia to pass an act, approved by the governor in 1795, to sell the greater part of Georgia's territory presently comprising Alabama and Mississippi.[18]
The state's western border runs in a straight line south-southeastward from a point southwest of Chattanooga, to meet the Chattahoochee River near West Point. It continues downriver to the point where it joins the Flint River (the confluence of the two forming Florida's Apalachicola River); the southern border goes almost due east and very slightly south, in a straight line to the St. Mary's River, which then forms the remainder of the boundary back to the ocean.
The water boundaries are still set to be the original thalweg of the rivers. Since then, several have been inundated by lakes created by dams, including the Apalachicola/Chattahoochee/Flint point now under Lake Seminole.
Georgia state legislators have claimed that in an 1818 survey, the state's border with Tennessee was erroneously placed one mile (1.6 km) farther south than intended, and they proposed a correction in 2010. The state was then in the midst of a significant drought, and the new border would allow Georgia access to water from the Tennessee River.[19]
Geology and terrain[edit]
Map of elevations in Georgia
Main article: Geology of Georgia (U.S. state)
Each region has its own distinctive characteristics. For instance, the Ridge and Valley, which lies in the northwest corner of the state, includes limestone, sandstone, shale and other sedimentary rocks, which have yielded construction-grade limestone, barite, ocher, and small amounts of coal.
Ecology[edit]
Main article: Ecology of Georgia
Flora[edit]
The state of Georgia has approximately 250 tree species and 58 protected plants. Georgia's native trees include red cedar, a variety of pines, oaks, hollies, cypress, sweetgum, scaly-bark and white hickories and sabal palmetto. East Georgia is in the subtropical coniferous forest biome and conifer species as other broadleaf evergreen flora make up the majority of the southern and coastal regions. Yellow jasmine, and mountain laurel make up just a few of the flowering shrubs in the state.
See also: List of taxa described from Georgia
Fauna[edit]
White-tailed (Virginia) deer are in nearly all counties. The northern mockingbird and brown thrasher are among the 160 bird species that live in the state.[20]
Reptiles and amphibians include the eastern diamondback, copperhead, and cottonmouth, salamanders, frogs, alligators and toads. There are about 79 species of reptile and 63 amphibians known to live in Georgia.[20]
The most popular freshwater game fish are trout, bream, bass, and catfish, all but the last of which are produced in state hatcheries for restocking. Popular saltwater game fish include red drum, spotted seatrout, flounder, and tarpon. Porpoises, whales, shrimp, oysters, and blue crabs are found inshore and offshore of the Georgia coast.[20]
See also: List of taxa described from Georgia
Climate[edit]
Main article: Climate of Georgia (U.S. state)
Köppen climate classification types of Georgia
Image of March 1993 Storm of the Century covering the length of the east coast. The outline of Georgia is discernible in the center of the image.
The majority of the state is primarily a humid subtropical climate. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest elevations. The entire state, including the North Georgia mountains, receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from 45 inches (1143 mm) in central Georgia[21] to approximately 75 inches (1905 mm) around the northeast part of the state.[22] The degree to which the weather of a certain region of Georgia is subtropical depends on the latitude, its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico, and the elevation. The latter factor is felt chiefly in the mountainous areas of the northern part of the state, which are farther away from the ocean and can be 4500 feet (1350 m) above sea level. The USDA Plant hardiness zones for Georgia range from zone 6b (no colder than −5 °F (−21 °C) ) in the Blue Ridge Mountains to zone 8b (no colder than 15 °F (−9 °C) ) along the Atlantic coast and Florida border.[23]
The highest temperature ever recorded is 112 °F (44.4 °C) in Louisville on July 24, 1952,[24] while the lowest is −17 °F (−27.2 °C) in northern Floyd County on January 27, 1940.[25] Georgia is one of the leading states in frequency of tornadoes, though they are rarely stronger than EF1. Although tornadoes striking the city are very rare,[26] a EF2 nonviolent tornado[26] hit downtown Atlanta on March 14, 2008, causing moderate to severe damage to various buildings. With a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, Georgia is also vulnerable to hurricanes, although direct hurricane strikes were rare during the 20th century. Georgia often is affected by hurricanes that strike the Florida panhandle, weaken over land, and bring strong tropical storm winds and heavy rain to the interior, as well as hurricanes that come close to the Georgia coastline, brushing the coast on their way north.
Monthly average daily high and low temperatures for major Georgia cities
City
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Athens
51/11
33/1 56/13
35/2 65/18
42/6 73/23
49/9 80/27
58/14 87/31
65/18 90/32
69/21 88/31
68/20 82/28
63/17 73/23
51/11 63/17
42/6 54/12
35/2
Atlanta
52/11
34/1 57/14
36/2 65/18
44/7 73/23
50/10 80/27
60/16 86/30
67/19 89/32
71/22 88/31
70/21 82/28
64/18 73/23
53/12 63/17
44/7 55/13
36/2
Augusta
56/13
33/1 61/16
36/4 69/21
42/6 77/25
48/9 84/29
57/14 90/32
65/18 92/33
70/21 90/32
68/20 85/29
62/17 76/24
50/10 68/20
41/5 59/15
35/2
Columbus
57/14
37/3 62/17
39/4 69/21
46/8 76/24
52/11 83/28
61/16 90/32
69/21 92/33
72/22 91/32
72/22 86/30
66/19 77/25
54/12 68/20
46/8 59/15
39/4
Macon
57/14
34/1 61/16
37/3 68/20
44/7 76/24
50/10 83/28
59/15 90/32
67/19 92/33
70/21 90/32
70/21 85/29
64/18 77/25
51/11 68/20
42/6 59/15
36/2
Savannah
60/16
38/3 64/18
41/5 71/22
48/9 78/26
53/12 84/29
61/16 90/32
68/20 92/33
72/22 90/32
71/22 86/30
67/19 78/26
56/13 70/21
47/8 63/17
40/4
Temperatures are given in °F/°C format, with highs on top of lows.[27]
Demographics[edit]
Main article: Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 82,548 —
1800 162,686 97.1%
1810 251,407 54.5%
1820 340,989 35.6%
1830 516,823 51.6%
1840 691,392 33.8%
1850 906,185 31.1%
1860 1,057,286 16.7%
1870 1,184,109 12.0%
1880 1,542,181 30.2%
1890 1,837,353 19.1%
1900 2,216,331 20.6%
1910 2,609,121 17.7%
1920 2,895,832 11.0%
1930 2,908,506 0.4%
1940 3,123,723 7.4%
1950 3,444,578 10.3%
1960 3,943,116 14.5%
1970 4,589,575 16.4%
1980 5,463,105 19.0%
1990 6,478,216 18.6%
2000 8,186,453 26.4%
2010 9,687,653 18.3%
Est. 2017 10,429,739 7.7%
1910–2010[28]
2015 Estimate[29]
Population density of Georgia.
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Georgia was 10,214,860 on July 1, 2015, a 5.44% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[29]
In 2015, Georgia had an estimated population of 10,214,860 which was an increase of 117,517 from the previous year, and an increase of 527,207 since 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 438,939 people (that is 849,414 births minus 410,475 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 606,673 people into the state. Immigration resulted in a net increase of 228,415 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 378,258 people.
As of 2010[update], the number of illegal immigrants living in Georgia more than doubled to 480,000 from January 2000 to January 2009, according to a federal report. That gave Georgia the greatest percentage increase among the 10 states with the biggest illegal immigrant populations during those years.[30]
There were 743,000 veterans in 2009.[31]
Population[edit]
According to the 2010 United States Census, Georgia had a population of 9,687,653. In terms of race and ethnicity, the state was 59.7% White (55.9% Non-Hispanic White Alone), 30.5% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.0% from Some Other Race, and 2.1% from Two or More Races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 8.8% of the population.[32]
Georgia Racial Breakdown of Population hide
Racial composition
1990[33]
2000[34]
2010[35]
White 71.0% 65.1% 59.7%
Black 27.0% 28.7% 30.5%
Asian 1.2% 2.1% 3.3%
Native 0.2% 0.3% 0.3%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander – 0.1% 0.1%
Other race 0.6% 2.4% 4.0%
Two or more races – 1.4% 2.1%
As of 2011[update], 58.8% of Georgia's population younger than age 1 were minorities (meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white) compared to other states like California with 75.1%, New York with 55.6%, and Texas with 69.8%.[36]
The largest European ancestry groups are:
English 8.1%
Irish 8.1%[37]
German 7.2%[38]
In the 1980 census 1,584,303 Georgians claimed English ancestry out of a total state population of 3,994,817, making them 40% of the state, and the largest ethnic group at the time.[39] Today, many of these same people claiming that they are of "American" ancestry are actually of English descent, and some are of Scots-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having "American" ancestry or do not in fact know their own ancestry. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominately English ancestry.[40][41][42][43]
As of 2004[update], 7.7% of Georgia's population was reported as under 5 years of age, 26.4% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Also as of 2004[update], females made up approximately 50.6% of the population and African Americans made up approximately 29.6%.
Historically, about half of Georgia's population was composed of African Americans who, before the Civil War, were almost exclusively enslaved. The Great Migration of hundreds of thousands of blacks from the rural South to the industrial North from 1914–70 reduced the African American population.[44]
Georgia had the second-fastest-growing Asian population growth in the U.S. from 1990 to 2000, more than doubling in size during the ten-year period.[45] In addition, according to census estimates, Georgia ranks third among the states in terms of the percent of the total population that is African American (after Mississippi and Louisiana) and third in numerical Black population after New York and Florida. Georgia was the state with the largest numerical increase in the black population from 2006 to 2007 with 84,000.
Georgia is the state with the third-lowest percentage of older people (65 or older), at 12.8 percent (as of 2015[update]).[46]
The colonial settlement of large numbers of Scottish American, English American and Scotch-Irish Americans in the mountains and piedmont, and coastal settlement by some English Americans and African Americans, have strongly influenced the state's culture in food, language and music. The concentration of Africans imported to coastal areas in the 18th century repeatedly from rice-growing regions of West Africa led to the development of Gullah-Geechee language and culture in the Low Country among African Americans. They share a unique heritage in which African traditions of food, religion and culture were continued more than in some other areas. In the creolization of Southern culture, their foodways became an integral part of all Southern cooking in the Low Country.[47][48]
Languages[edit]
Top 10 Non-English Languages Spoken in Georgia
Language
Percentage of population
(as of 2010[update])[49]
Spanish 7.42%
Korean 0.51%
Vietnamese 0.44%
French 0.42%
Chinese (including Mandarin) 0.38%
German 0.29%
Hindi 0.23%
Niger-Congo languages of West Africa (Ibo, Kru, and Yoruba) 0.21%
Gujarati 0.18%
Portuguese and French Creole 0.16%
As of 2010[update], 87.35% (7,666,663) of Georgia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 7.42% (651,583) spoke Spanish, 0.51% (44,702) Korean, 0.44% (38,244) Vietnamese, 0.42% (36,679) French, 0.38% (33,009) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), and German, which was spoken as a main language by 0.29% (23,351) of the population over the age of five. In total, 12.65% (1,109,888) of Georgia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[49]
Major cities (2017)[edit]
v
t
e
Largest cities or towns in Georgia (U.S. state)
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html
Rank
Name
County
Pop.

Atlanta

Augusta 1 Atlanta Fulton 486,290
Columbus

Macon
2 Augusta Richmond 197,166
3 Columbus Muscogee 194,058
4 Macon Bibb 152,663
5 Savannah Chatham 146,444
6 Athens Clarke 125,691
7 Sandy Springs Fulton 106,739
8 Roswell Fulton 94,786
9 Johns Creek Fulton 84,350
10 Warner Robins Houston 74,854
* In 2012, voters in Macon and Bibb County approved the consolidation of the City of Macon and unincorporated Bibb County; they officially merged on January 1, 2014. Macon joined Columbus, Augusta, and Athens as consolidated cities in Georgia.
The U.S. Census Bureau lists fourteen metropolitan areas in Georgia. The largest, Atlanta, is the ninth most populous metro area in the United States.
Religion[edit]
St. Mark's United Methodist Church in Atlanta.
The BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Atlanta is the largest Hindu temple in Georgia.
The composition of religious affiliation in Georgia is 70% Protestant, 9% Catholic, 1% Mormon, 1% Jewish, 0.5% Muslim, 0.5% Buddhist, and 0.5% Hindu. Atheists, deists, agnostics, and other unaffiliated people make up 13% of the population.[50] The largest Christian denominations by number of adherents in 2010 were the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,759,317; the United Methodist Church with 619,394; and the Roman Catholic Church with 596,384. Non-denominational Evangelical Protestant had 566,782 members, the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) has 175,184 members, and the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. has 172,982 members.[51] The Presbyterian Church (USA) is the largest Presbyterian body in the state, with 300 congregations and 100,000 members. The other large body, Presbyterian Church in America, had at its founding date 14 congregations and 2,800 members; in 2010 it counted 139 congregations and 32,000 members.[52][53] The Roman Catholic Church is noteworthy in Georgia's urban areas, and includes the Archdiocese of Atlanta and the Diocese of Savannah. Georgia is home to the largest Hindu temple in the United States, the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta, located in the suburb city of Lilburn. Georgia is home to several historical synagogues including The Temple (Atlanta), Congregation Beth Jacob (Atlanta), and Congregation Mickve Israel (Savannah). Chabad and the Rohr Jewish Learning Institute are also active in the state.[54][55]
Religion in Georgia (2014)[56]
Religion Percent
Protestant
67%
None
18%
Catholic
9%
Jehovah's Witness
2%
Jewish
1%
Mormon
1%
Other
2%
Don't know
1%
Government[edit]
Main article: Government of Georgia (U.S. state)
State government[edit]
See also: List of governors of Georgia and Georgia elected officials
The Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta with the distinctive gold dome
City Hall in Savannah
As with all other US states and the federal government, Georgia's government is based on the separation of legislative, executive, and judicial power.[57] Executive authority in the state rests with the governor, currently Nathan Deal (Republican). Both the Governor of Georgia and lieutenant governor are elected on separate ballots to four-year terms of office. Unlike the federal government, but like many other U.S. States, most of the executive officials who comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Georgia rather than appointed by the governor.
Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while members of the House of Representatives select their own Speaker. The Georgia Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one representative per district); there are currently 56 senators and 180 representatives. The term of office for senators and representatives is two years.[58] The laws enacted by the General Assembly are codified in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated.
State judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority.[59] In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including Superior Courts, State Courts, Juvenile Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected to four-year terms by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction.
Local government[edit]
Further information: List of counties in Georgia
Georgia consists of 159 counties, second only to Texas, with 254.[60] Georgia had 161 counties until the end of 1931, when Milton and Campbell were merged into the existing Fulton. Some counties have been named for prominent figures in both American and Georgian history, and many bear names with Native American origin. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county.[61] Several counties have a sole Commissioner form of government, with legislative and executive authority vested in a single person. Georgia is the only state with current Sole Commissioner counties. Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with "home rule" authority. The county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county, as a municipality would.
Georgia recognizes all local units of government as cities, so every incorporated town is legally a city. Georgia does not provide for townships or independent cities, though there have been bills proposed in the Legislature to provide for townships;[62] it does allow consolidated city-county governments by local referendum. All of Georgia's second-tier cities except Savannah have now formed consolidated city-county governments by referendum: Columbus (in 1970), Athens (1990), Augusta (1995), and Macon (2012). (Augusta and Athens have excluded one or more small, incorporated towns within their consolidated boundaries; Columbus and Macon eventually absorbed all smaller incorporated entities within their consolidated boundaries.) The small town of Cusseta adopted a consolidated city-county government after it merged with unincorporated Chattahoochee County in 2003. Three years later, in 2006, the town of Georgetown consolidated with the rest of Quitman County.
There is no true metropolitan government in Georgia, though the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) and Georgia Regional Transportation Authority do provide some services, and the ARC must approve all major land development projects in the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Elections[edit]
Main article: Elections in Georgia (U.S. state)
See also: United States presidential election, 2004, in Georgia and Political party strength in Georgia (U.S. state)
Presidential elections results
Year
Republican
Democratic
2016 51.05% 2,089,104 45.89% 1,877,963
2012 53.30% 2,078,688 45.48% 1,773,827
2008 52.20% 2,048,759 47.00% 1,844,123
2004 57.97% 1,914,254 41.37% 1,366,149
2000 54.67% 1,419,720 42.98% 1,116,230
1996 47.01% 1,080,843 45.84% 1,053,849
1992 42.88% 995,252 43.47% 1,008,966
1988 59.75% 1,081,331 39.50% 714,792
1984 60.17% 1,068,722 39.79% 706,628
1980 40.95% 654,168 55.76% 890,733
1976 32.96% 483,743 66.74% 979,409
1972 75.04% 881,496 24.65% 289,529
1968* 30.40% 380,111 26.75% 334,440
1964 54.12% 616,584 41.15% 522,557
1960 37.43% 274,472 62.54% 458,638
1956 32.65% 216,652 66.48% 441,094
1952 30.34% 198,979 69.66% 456,823
1948 18.31% 76,691 60.81% 254,646
1944 18.25% 59,880 81.74% 268,187
1940 14.83% 46,360 84.85% 265,194
*State won by George Wallace
of the American Independent Party,
at 42.83%, or 535,550 votes
Treemap of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election.
In recent decades Georgia has voted Republican in six consecutive presidential elections since 1996.
Until 1964, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance, by the Democratic Party, of any state in the Union. This record was established largely due to the disenfranchisement of most blacks and many poor whites by the state in its constitution and laws in the early 20th century. Some elements, such as requiring payment of poll taxes and passing literacy tests, prevented blacks from registering to vote; their exclusion from the political system lasted into the 1960s and reduced the Republican Party to a non-competitive status in the early 20th century.[63]
White Democrats regained power after Reconstruction due in part to the efforts of some using intimidation and violence, but this method came into disrepute.[64] In 1900, shortly before Georgia adopted a disfranchising constitutional amendment in 1908, blacks comprised 47% of the state's population.[65]
The whites dealt with this problem of potential political power by the 1908 amendment, which in practice disenfranchised blacks and poor whites, nearly half of the state population. It required that any male at least 21 years of age wanting to register to vote must also: (a) be of good character and able to pass a test on citizenship, (b) be able to read and write provisions of the U.S. and Georgia constitutions, or (c) own at least 40 acres of land or $500 in property. Any Georgian who had fought in any war from the American Revolution through the Spanish–American War was exempted from these additional qualifications. More importantly, any Georgian descended from a veteran of any of these wars also was exempted. Because by 1908 many white Georgia males were grandsons of veterans and/or owned the required property, the exemption and the property requirement basically allowed only well-to-do whites to vote. The qualifications of good character, citizenship knowledge, and literacy (all determined subjectively by white registrars), and property ownership were used to disqualify most blacks and poor whites, preventing them from registering to vote. The voter rolls dropped dramatically.[64][66] In the early 20th century, Progressives promoted electoral reform and reducing the power of ward bosses to clean up politics. Their additional rules, such as the eight-box law, continued to effectively close out people who were illiterate.[15] White, one-party rule was solidified.
For more than 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgians nominated and elected only white Democratic governors, and white Democrats held the majority of seats in the General Assembly.[67] Most of the Democrats elected throughout these years were Southern Democrats, who were fiscally and socially conservative by national standards.[68][69] This voting pattern continued after the segregationist period.[70]
Legal segregation was ended by passage of federal legislation in the 1960s. According to the 1960 census, the proportion of Georgia's population that was African American was 28%; hundreds of thousands of blacks had left the state in the Great Migration to the North and Midwest. New white residents arrived through migration and immigration. Following support from the national Democratic Party for the civil rights movement and especially civil rights legislation of 1964 and 1965, most African-American voters, as well as other minority voters, have largely supported the Democratic Party in Georgia.[71] In the decades since the late 20th century, the conservative white-majority voters have increasingly supported Republicans for national and state offices.
In 2003, incumbent moderate Democratic Governor Roy Barnes was defeated by Republican Sonny Perdue, a state legislator and former Democrat. While Democrats retained control of the State House, they lost their majority in the Senate when four Democrats switched parties. They lost the House in the 2004 election. Republicans then controlled all three partisan elements of the state government.
Even before 2003, the state had become increasingly supportive of Republicans in Presidential elections. It has supported a Democrat for president only three times since 1960. In 1976 and 1980, native son Jimmy Carter carried the state; in 1992, the former Arkansas governor Bill Clinton narrowly won the state. Generally, Republicans are strongest in the predominantly white suburban (especially the Atlanta suburbs) and rural portions of the state.[72] Many of these areas were represented by conservative Democrats in the state legislature well into the 21st century. One of the most conservative of these was U.S. Congressman Larry McDonald, former head of the John Birch Society, who died when the Soviet Union shot down KAL 007 near Sakhalin Island. Democratic candidates have tended to win a higher percentage of the vote in the areas where black voters are most numerous,[72] as well as in the cities among liberal urban populations (especially Atlanta and Athens), and the rural Black Belt region that passes through the central and southwestern portion of the state.
The ascendancy of the Republican Party in Georgia and in the South in general resulted in Georgia U.S. House of Representatives member Newt Gingrich being elected as Speaker of the House following the election of a Republican majority in the House in 1994. Gingrich served as Speaker until 1999, when he resigned in the aftermath of the loss of House seats held by members of the GOP. Gingrich mounted an unsuccessful bid for President in the 2012 election, but withdrew after winning only the South Carolina and Georgia primaries.
In recent events, Democrat Jim Martin ran against incumbent Republican Senator Saxby Chambliss. Chambliss failed to acquire the necessary 50 percent of votes, a Libertarian Party candidate receiving the remainder of votes. In the runoff election held on December 2, 2008, Chambliss became the second Georgia Republican to be reelected to the U.S. Senate.
As of the 2010[update] reapportionment, the state has 14 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. These are held by 10 Republicans and 4 Democrats. The Georgia House of Representatives has 61 Democrats, 118 Republicans, and 1 Independent, while the Georgia Senate has 17 Democrats and 39 Republicans.[73][74]
In the last three presidential elections as of 2018, the Republican candidate have won Georgia by approximately 5-8 points over the Democratic nominee, at least once for each state being narrower than margins recorded in some states that have flipped within that timeframe, such as Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. Therefore it could potentially be regarded as a swing state in future elections should voter preferences only shift slightly.
Politics[edit]
Main article: Politics of Georgia (U.S. state)
During the 1960s and 1970s, Georgia made significant changes in civil rights and governance. As in many other states, its legislature had not reapportioned congressional districts according to population from 1931 to after the 1960 census. Problems of malapportionment in the state legislature, where rural districts had outsize power in relation to urban districts, such as Atlanta's, were corrected after the US Supreme Court ruling in Wesberry v. Sanders (1964). The court ruled that congressional districts had to be reapportioned to have essentially equal populations.
A related case, Reynolds v. Sims (1964), required state legislatures to end their use of geographical districts or counties in favor of "one man, one vote;" that is, districts based upon approximately equal populations, to be reviewed and changed as necessary after each census. These changes resulted in residents of Atlanta and other urban areas gaining political power in Georgia in proportion to their populations.[75] From the mid-1960s, the voting electorate increased after African Americans' rights to vote were enforced under civil rights law.
Economic growth through this period was dominated by Atlanta and its region. It was a bedrock of the emerging "New South". From the late 20th century, Atlanta attracted headquarters and relocated workers of national companies, becoming more diverse, liberal and cosmopolitan than many areas of the state.
In the 21st century, many conservative Democrats, including former U.S. Senator and governor Zell Miller, decided to support Republicans. The state's socially conservative bent results in wide support for such measures as restrictions on abortion. In 2004, a state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriages was approved by 76% of voters.[76] However, after the United States Supreme Court issued its ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, all Georgia counties came into full compliance, recognizing the rights of same-sex couples to marry in the state.[77]
Economy[edit]
See also: Georgia (U.S. state) locations by per capita income
Georgia's 2016 total gross state product was $531 billion.[78] Its per capita personal income for 2011 put it 39th in the nation at $35,979.[79] For years Georgia as a state has had the highest credit rating by Standard & Poor's (AAA) and is one of only 15 states with a AAA rating.[80] If Georgia were a stand-alone country, it would be the 28th largest economy in the world.[81]
A heat map of Georgia's counties depicting the median income as of 2014.
There are 17 Fortune 500 companies and 26 Fortune 1000 companies with headquarters in Georgia, including Home Depot, UPS, Coca-Cola, TSYS, Delta Air Lines, Aflac, Southern Company, Anthem Inc., Honeywell, and SunTrust Banks.
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the world's busiest airport as measured by both passenger traffic and aircraft traffic, is located in Georgia.[82][83] Also, the Port of Savannah is the fourth largest seaport and fastest-growing container seaport in North America, importing and exporting a total of 2.3 million TEUs per year.[84]
Atlanta has a large effect on the state of Georgia, the Southeastern United States, and beyond. Atlanta has been the site of growth in real estate, service, logistics and the communications and film industries, while tourism is important to the economy. Atlanta is a global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, as a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system.
For the past five years, Georgia has been ranked the top state (number 1) in the nation to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for business and labor climate in the nation, number 1 in business climate in the nation, number 1 in the nation in workforce training and as having a “Best in Class” state economic development agency.[85][86]
In 2016, Georgia had median annual income per person of between $50,000–$59,999 which is inflated adjusted dollars for 2016. The US Median annual income for the entire nation is $57,617. This lies within the range of Georgia's median annual income.[87]
Agriculture[edit]
A cotton field in southern Georgia
Widespread farms produce peanuts, corn, and soybeans across middle and south Georgia. The state is the number one producer of pecans in the world, with the region around Albany in southwest Georgia being the center of Georgia's pecan production. Gainesville in northeast Georgia touts itself as the Poultry Capital of the World. Georgia is in the top five blueberry producers in the United States.[88]
Mining[edit]
The reverse side of the U.S. State Quarter for Georgia
Major products in the mineral industry include a variety of clays, stones, sands and the clay palygorskite, known as attapulgite.
See also: List of gold mines in Georgia
Industry[edit]
Industry in Georgia is diverse.
While many textile jobs moved overseas, there is still a textile industry located around the cities of Rome, Columbus, Augusta, Macon and along the I-75 corridor between Atlanta and Chattanooga, Tennessee. Historically it started along the fall line in the Piedmont, where factories were powered by waterfalls and rivers. It includes the towns of Cartersville, Calhoun, Ringgold and Dalton[89]
In November 2009, Kia started production in Georgia at the first U.S. Kia Motors plant, Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia in West Point.
Industrial products include textiles and apparel, transportation equipment, food processing, paper products, chemicals and products, and electric equipment.
Logistics[edit]
Georgia was ranked the No. 2 state for infrastructure and global access by Area Development magazine.[90]
The Georgia Ports Authority owns and operates four ports in the state: Port of Savannah, Port of Brunswick, Port Bainbridge, and Port Columbus. The Port of Savannah is the fourth largest seaport in the United States, importing and exporting a total of 2.3 million TEUs per year.[84] The Port of Savannah’s Garden City Terminal is the largest single container terminal in North America.[91] Several major companies including Target, IKEA, and Heineken operate distribution centers in close proximity to the Port of Savannah.
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport has three cargo complexes that include two million square feet of space, the airport moves over 650,000 tons of cargo annually, it has nearby cold storage for perishables, and is the only airport in the Southeast with USDA-approved cold-treatment capabilities. Delta Air Lines also offers an on-airport refrigeration facility for perishable cargo, and a 250-acre Foreign Trade Zone is located at the airport.[92]
Georgia is a major railway hub, has the most extensive rail system in the Southeast, and has the service of two Class I railroads, CSX and Norfolk Southern, plus 24 short-line railroads. Georgia is ranked the #3 state in the nation for rail accessibility. Rail shipments include intermodal, bulk, automotive and every other type of shipment.[93]
Georgia has an extensive interstate highway system including 1,200 miles of interstate highway and 20,000 miles of federal and state highways that facilitate the efficient movement of more than $620 billion of cargo by truck each year. Georgia’s six interstates connect to 80 percent of the U.S. population within a two-day truck drive. More than $14 billion in funding has been approved for new roadway infrastructure.[94]
Military[edit]
Southern Congressmen have attracted major investment by the US military in the state. The several US military installations include Moody Air Force Base, Fort Stewart, Hunter Army Airfield, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Fort Benning, Robins Air Force Base, Fort Gordon, Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Coast Guard Air Station Savannah and Coast Guard Station Brunswick. These installations command numerous jobs and business for related contractors.
Energy use and production[edit]
Georgia's electricity generation and consumption are among the highest in the United States, with natural gas being the primary electrical generation fuel, followed by coal. The state also has two nuclear power facilities, Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle, which contribute almost one fourth of Georgia's electricity generation, and an additional two nuclear power plants are under construction at Plant Vogtle. In 2013, the generation mix was 39% gas, 35% coal, 23% nuclear, 3% hydro and other renewable sources. The leading area of energy consumption is the industrial sector because Georgia "is a leader in the energy-intensive wood and paper products industry".[95] Solar generated energy is becoming more in use with solar energy generators currently installed ranking Georgia 15th in the country in installed solar capacity. In 2013, $189 million was invested in Georgia to install solar for home, business and utility use representing a 795% increase over the previous year.[96]
State taxes[edit]
Georgia has a progressive income tax structure with six brackets of state income tax rates that range from 1% to 6%. In 2009, Georgians paid 9% of their income in state and local taxes, compared to the US average of 9.8% of income.[97] This ranks Georgia 25th among the states for total state and local tax burden.[97] The state sales tax in Georgia is 4%[98] with additional percentages added through local options (e.g. Special-purpose local-option sales tax or SPLOST), but there is no sales tax on prescription drugs, certain medical devices, or food items for home consumption.[99]
The state legislature may allow municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 2% SPLOST tax and the 1% sales tax for MARTA serviced counties. Excise taxes are levied on alcohol, tobacco, and motor fuel. Owners of real property in Georgia pay property tax to their county. All taxes are collected by the Georgia Department of Revenue and then properly distributed according to any agreements that each county has with its cities.
Film[edit]
Main article: Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state)
Captain America: Civil War filming in Atlanta
The Georgia Film, Music and Digital Entertainment Office promotes filming in the state.[100] Since 1972, seven hundred film and television projects have been filmed on location in Georgia.[101] Georgia overtook California in 2016 as the state location with the most feature films produced. In FY2017, film and television production in Georgia had an economic impact of $9.5 billion.[102] Atlanta now is even called the "Hollywood of the South." [103] Television shows like Stranger Things, The Walking Dead, and The Vampire Diaries are filmed in the state.[104] Movies too, such as Passengers, Forrest Gump, Contagion, Hidden Figures, Sully, Baby Driver, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, Captain America: Civil War, Black Panther, and many more, were filmed around Georgia.[105][106]
Tourism[edit]
Savannah's River Street is a popular tourist destination.
In the Atlanta area, World of Coke, Georgia Aquarium, Zoo Atlanta and Stone Mountain are important tourist attractions.[107][108] Stone Mountain is Georgia's "most popular attraction"; receiving over four million tourists per year.[109][110] The Georgia Aquarium, in Atlanta, was the largest aquarium in the world in 2010 according to Guinness World Records.[111]
Callaway Gardens, in western Georgia, is a family resort.[112] The area is also popular with golfers.
The Savannah Historic District attracts over eleven million tourists each year.[113]
The Golden Isles are a string of barrier islands off the Atlantic coast of Georgia near Brunswick that include beaches, golf courses and the Cumberland Island National Seashore.
Several sites honor the lives and careers of noted American leaders: the Little White House in Warm Springs, which served as the summer residence of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt while he was being treated for polio; President Jimmy Carter's hometown of Plains and the Carter Presidential Center in Atlanta; the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site in Atlanta, which is the final resting place of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King; and Atlanta's Ebenezer Baptist Church, where Dr. King preached.
Culture[edit]
Main article: Culture of Georgia (U.S. state)
The Fox Theatre is a performing arts venue located in Midtown Atlanta, and is the centerpiece of the Fox Theatre Historic District.
Fine and performing arts[edit]
Georgia's major fine art museums include the High Museum of Art and the Michael C. Carlos Museum, both in Atlanta; the Georgia Museum of Art on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens; Telfair Museum of Art and the SCAD Museum of Art in Savannah; and the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta.[114]
The state theatre of Georgia is the Springer Opera House located in Columbus.
The Atlanta Opera brings opera to Georgia stages.[115] The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra is the most widely recognized orchestra and largest arts organization in the southeastern United States.[116]
There are a number of performing arts venues in the state, among the largest are the Fox Theatre, and the Alliance Theatre at the Woodruff Arts Center, both on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta as well as the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre, located in Northwest Atlanta.
Literature[edit]
Authors have grappled with Georgia's complex history. Popular novels related to this include Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind, Olive Ann Burns' Cold Sassy Tree, and Alice Walker's The Color Purple.
A number of noted authors, poets and playwrights have lived in Georgia, such as James Dickey, Flannery O'Connor, Sidney Lanier, Frank Yerby and Lewis Grizzard.[117]
Television[edit]
Well-known television shows set in Atlanta include, from Tyler Perry Studios, House of Payne and Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns, The Real Housewives of Atlanta, the CBS sitcom Designing Women, Matlock, the popular AMC series The Walking Dead, Lifetime's Drop Dead Diva, Rectify and numerous HGTV original productions.
The Dukes of Hazzard, a 1980s TV show, was set in the fictional Hazzard County, Georgia. The first five episodes were shot on location in Conyers and Covington, Georgia as well as some locations in Atlanta. Production was then moved to Burbank, California.[citation needed]
Also filmed in Georgia is The Vampire Diaries, using Covington as the setting for the fictional Mystic Falls.
Music[edit]
Main article: Music of Georgia (U.S. state)
See also: List of hip hop musicians from Atlanta
A number of notable musicians in various genres of popular music are from Georgia. Among them are Ray Charles (whose many hits include "Georgia on My Mind", now the official state song), and Gladys Knight (known for her Georgia-themed song, "Midnight Train to Georgia").
Rock groups from Georgia include the Atlanta Rhythm Section, The Black Crowes, and The Allman Brothers.
The university city of Athens sparked an influential rock music scene in the 1980s and 1990s. Among the groups achieving their initial prominence in that city were R.E.M., Widespread Panic, and the B-52's.
Since the 1990s, various hip-hop and R&B musicians have included top-selling artists such as Outkast, Usher, Ludacris, TLC, B.o.B., and Ciara. Atlanta is mentioned in a number of these artists' tracks, such as Usher's "A-Town Down" reference in his 2004 hit "Yeah!" (which also features Atlanta artists Lil Jon and Ludacris), Ludacris' "Welcome to Atlanta", Outkast's album "ATLiens", and B.o.B.'s multiple references to Decatur, Georgia, as in his hit song "Strange Clouds".
Film[edit]
Films set in Georgia include two pictures both set in Atlanta that were awarded the Oscar for Best Picture: Gone with the Wind (1939) and Driving Miss Daisy (1989). Other films set in Georgia include Deliverance (1972), which was based on the novel of the same name by James Dickey, Parental Guidance (2012), and Vacation at Six Flags Over Georgia.
Sports[edit]
Main article: Sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
Kickoff at Sanford Stadium of the Georgia-South Carolina college football game on September 8, 2007
Sports in Georgia include professional teams in nearly all major sports, Olympic Games contenders and medalists, collegiate teams in major and small-school conferences and associations, and active amateur teams and individual sports. The state of Georgia has teams in four major professional leagues — the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League, the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association, and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer.
The Georgia Bulldogs (Southeastern Conference), Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Atlantic Coast Conference), Georgia State Panthers and Georgia Southern Eagles (Sun Belt Conference) are Georgia's NCAA Division I FBS football teams, having won multiple national championships between them.
The 1996 Summer Olympics took place in Atlanta. The stadium that was built to host various Olympic events was converted to Turner Field, the home of the Atlanta Braves through the 2016 season.
The Masters golf tournament, the first of the PGA tour's four "majors", is held annually the second weekend of April at the Augusta National Golf Club.
The Atlanta Motor Speedway hosts the Dixie 500 NASCAR Cup Series stock car race and Road Atlanta the Petit Le Mans endurance sports car race.
Atlanta's Georgia Dome hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000. The Georgia Dome hosted the NCAA Final Four Men's Basketball National Championship in 2002, 2007, and 2013.[118] It hosted WWE's WrestleMania XXVII in 2011, an event which set an attendance record of 71,617. The dome was also the venue of the annual Chick-fil-A Bowl post-season college football games. Since 2017, they have been held at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium along with the FIRST World Championships.
Professional baseball's Ty Cobb was the first player inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. He was from Narrows and was nicknamed the "Georgia Peach."[119]
Parks and recreational activities[edit]
Main article: Protected areas of Georgia (U.S. state)
There are 63 parks in Georgia, 48 of which are state parks and 15 that are historic sites, and numerous state wildlife preserves, under the supervision of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources.[120] Other historic sites and parks are supervised by the National Park Service and include the Andersonville National Historic Site in Andersonville; Appalachian National Scenic Trail; Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area near Atlanta; Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park at Fort Oglethorpe; Cumberland Island National Seashore near St. Marys; Fort Frederica National Monument on St. Simons Island; Fort Pulaski National Monument in Savannah; Jimmy Carter National Historic Site near Plains; Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park near Kennesaw; Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site in Atlanta; Ocmulgee National Monument at Macon; Trail of Tears National Historic Trail; and the Okefenokee Swamp in Waycross, Georgia[121]
Outdoor recreational activities include hiking along the Appalachian Trail; Civil War Heritage Trails; rock climbing and whitewater kayaking.[122][123][124][125] Other outdoor activities include hunting and fishing.
Education[edit]
Main article: Education in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia Tech's Tech Tower
Georgia county and city public school systems are administered by school boards with members elected at the local level. As of 2013[update], all but 19 of 181 boards are elected from single-member districts. Residents and activist groups in Fayette County, Georgia sued the board of commissioners and school board for maintaining an election system based on at-large voting, which tended to increase the power of the majority and effectively prevented minority participation on elected local boards for nearly 200 years.[126] A change to single-member districts has resulted in the African-American minority being able to elect representatives of its choice.
Georgia high schools (grades nine through twelve) are required to administer a standardized, multiple choice End of Course Test, or EOCT, in each of eight core subjects including algebra, geometry, U.S. history, economics, biology, physical science, Ninth Grade Literature and composition, and American literature. The official purpose of the tests is to assess "specific content knowledge and skills." Although a minimum test score is not required for the student to receive credit in the course, completion of the test is mandatory. The EOCT score accounts for 15% of a student's grade in the course.[127] The ‘’Georgia Milestone’’ evaluation is taken by public school students in the state.[128]
Georgia has 85 public colleges, universities, and technical colleges in addition to over 45 private institutes of higher learning. Among Georgia's public universities is the flagship research university, the University of Georgia, founded in 1785 as the country's oldest state-chartered university and the birthplace of the American system of public higher education.[129] The University System of Georgia is the presiding body over public education in the state. The System includes 29 institutions of higher learning. The System is governed by the Georgia Board of Regents. Georgia’s workforce of more than 6.3 million is constantly refreshed by the growing number of people who move here along with the 90,000 graduates from the universities, colleges and technical colleges across the state, including the nationally-ranked University of Georgia, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University.[130]
The HOPE Scholarship, funded by the state lottery, is available to all Georgia residents who have graduated from high school or earned a General Educational Development certificate. The student must maintain a 3.2 or higher grade point average and attend a public college or university in the state.
The Georgia Historical Society, an independent educational and research institution, has a research center located in Savannah. The research center's library and archives hold the oldest collection of materials related to Georgia history in the nation.
Media[edit]
See also: List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)
The CNN Center in Atlanta.
The Atlanta metropolitan area is the ninth largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The state's other top markets are Savannah (95th largest), Augusta (115th largest), and Columbus (127th largest).[131]
There are 48 television broadcast stations in Georgia including TBS, TNT, TCM, Cartoon Network, CNN and Headline News, all founded by notable Georgia resident Ted Turner. The Weather Channel also has its headquarters in Atlanta.
By far, the largest daily newspaper in Georgia is the Atlanta Journal-Constitution with a daily readership of 195,592 and a Sunday readership of 397,925.[132][133] Other large dailies include The Augusta Chronicle, the Columbus Ledger-Enquirer, The Telegraph (formerly The Macon Telegraph) and the Savannah Morning News.
WSB-AM in Atlanta was the first licensed radio station in the southeastern United States, signing on in 1922. Georgia Public Radio has been in service since 1984[134][135] and, with the exception of Atlanta, it broadcasts daily on several FM (and one AM) stations across the state. Georgia Public Radio reaches nearly all of Georgia (with the exception of the Atlanta area, which is served by WABE).
WSB-TV in Atlanta is the state's oldest television station, having begun operations in 1948. WSB was only the second such operation founded in the Southern U.S., trailing only WTVR in Richmond, Virginia.
Infrastructure[edit]
Transportation[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Georgia (U.S. state)
The Port of Brunswick and the Sidney Lanier Bridge
Transportation in Georgia is overseen by the Georgia Department of Transportation, a part of the executive branch of the state government. Georgia's major Interstate Highways are I-20, I-75, I-85, and I-95. On March 18, 1998, the Georgia House of Representatives passed a resolution naming the portion of Interstate Highway 75, which runs from the Chattahoochee River northward to the Tennessee state line the Larry McDonald Memorial Highway. Larry McDonald, a Democratic member of the House of Representatives, had been on Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by the Soviets on September 1, 1983.
MARTA rapid transit train
Georgia's primary commercial airport is Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL), and is the world's busiest passenger airport.[136] In addition to Hartsfield-Jackson, there are eight other airports serving major commercial traffic in Georgia. Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the state as measured by passengers served, and is the only additional international airport. Other commercial airports (ranked in order of passengers served) are located in Augusta, Columbus, Albany, Macon, Brunswick, Valdosta, and Athens.[137]
The Georgia Ports Authority manages two deepwater seaports, at Savannah and Brunswick, and two river ports, at Bainbridge and Columbus. The Port of Savannah is a major U.S. seaport on the Atlantic coast.
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is the principal rapid transit system in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Formed in 1971 as strictly a bus system, MARTA operates a network of bus routes linked to a rapid transit system consisting of 48 miles (77 km) of rail track with 38 train stations. MARTA operates almost exclusively in Fulton and DeKalb counties, with bus service to two destinations in Cobb county and the Cumberland Transfer Center next to the Cumberland Mall, and a single rail station in Clayton County at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. MARTA also operates a separate paratransit service for disabled customers. As of 2009[update], the average total daily ridership for the system (bus and rail) was 482,500 passengers.[138]
Health care[edit]
Medical Center of Central Georgia in Macon (Georgia's 2nd largest hospital)
See also: List of hospitals in Georgia (U.S. state)
The state has 151 general hospitals, over 15,000 doctors and almost 6,000 dentists.[139] The state is ranked forty-first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise.[140]
Medicaid Expansion[edit]
Georgia is one of the states has decided to not expand Medicaid [141]. As a result causing 305,000 Georgians to go without healthcare, and reducing the coverage of an additional 669,000 Georgians that would have received healthcare benefits under the expansion [142]
Cities[edit]
See also: Georgia census statistical areas
Downtown Atlanta
Atlanta, located in north-central Georgia at the Eastern Continental Divide, has been Georgia's capital city since 1868. It is the most populous city in Georgia, with just over 420,000 residents in 2010.[143]
The Atlanta metropolitan area is the cultural and economic center of the Southeast; its population in 2010 was 5,268,860, or 53.6% of Georgia's total. Atlanta is the nation's ninth largest metropolitan area.[144]
The state has fourteen other cities with populations above 50,000 (based on 2012 census estimates).[145] In descending order of size they are Columbus, Augusta, Macon, Savannah, Athens, Sandy Springs, Roswell, Albany, Johns Creek, Warner Robins, Alpharetta, Marietta, Valdosta and Smyrna.
Along with the rest of the Southeast, Georgia's population continues to grow rapidly, with primary gains concentrated in urban areas. The population of the Atlanta metropolitan area added 1.23 million people (24 percent) between 2000 and 2010, and Atlanta rose in rank from the eleventh-largest metropolitan area in the United States to the ninth-largest.[146]
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Jimmy Carter, from Plains, Georgia, was President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta in 1929. He was a civil rights movement leader fighting for rights for African Americans and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.[147]
State symbols[edit]
A brown thrasher, Georgia's state bird.
Rosa laevigata, Cherokee rose, the state flower of Georgia.
Reference: Georgia Symbols[148]
Amphibian: American green tree frog
Bird: brown thrasher
Crop: peanut
Fish: largemouth bass
Flower: Cherokee rose
Fruit: peach
Gem: quartz
Insect: honey bee
Mammal: white-tailed deer[149]
Marine mammal: right whale
Mineral: staurolite
Nicknames:
"Peach State"
"Empire State of the South"[150]
Reptile: gopher tortoise
Song: "Georgia on My Mind"
Tree: live oak
Vegetable: Vidalia onion
See also[edit]
Georgia USA portal
Gullah portal
Index of Georgia (U.S. state)-related articles
Outline of Georgia (U.S. state) – organized list of topics about Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state) – Wikipedia book
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Georgia: Population estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
Jump up ^ "Georgia History Overview – The History Channel". The History Channel. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Georgia at the Online Etymology Dictionary". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "New Georgia Encyclopaedia". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Coweta is the 41st fastest growing county in United States". The Times-Herald. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ TIGER database (January 1, 2010). "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Census.gov. United States Census. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Facts and Symbols – Georgia.gov". Archived from the original on May 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Trustee Georgia, 1732–1752". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. July 27, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Articles of Confederation: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)". Loc.gov. July 10, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "A Resolution Archived October 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.". Georgia General Assembly. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ ""Atlanta in the Civil Rights Movement", Atlanta Regional Council for Higher Education". Atlantahighered.org. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Crowe, Charles (January 1, 1968). "Racial Violence and Social Reform-Origins of the Atlanta Riot of 1906". The Journal of Negro History. 53 (3): 234–256. doi:10.2307/2716218. JSTOR 2716218.
Jump up ^ Historical Census Browser, 1900 Federal Census, University of Virginia Archived August 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., accessed March 15, 2008
Jump up ^ ]https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-second-edition-supplement-by-county.pdf Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror, "Supplement: Lynching by County" 2nd edition, Montgomery, Alabama: Equal Justice Institute, 2015
Jump up ^ Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1902). Georgia and state rights: a study of the political history of Georgia from the Revolution to the Civil War. Annual Report of American Historical Association for the 57th US Congress, 1901. p. 30. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Drought-stricken Georgia eyes Tennessee's border – and river water". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. February 10, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Georgia – Flora and fauna". City-data.com. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Monthly Averages for Macon, GA The Weather Channel.
Jump up ^ Monthly Averages for Clayton, GA The Weather Channel.
Jump up ^ "Georgia USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". Retrieved November 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Each state's high temperature record USA Today, last updated August 2004.
Jump up ^ Each state's low temperature record USA Today, last updated August 2006
^ Jump up to: a b Wurman, Joshua. "Why don't tornadoes hit cities more often?". scientificamerican.com. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, A DIVISION OF NATURE AMERICA, INC. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Weather By Day Georgia". Weatherbyday.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Resident Population Data". United States Census Bureau. 2010. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". U.S. Census Bureau. December 23, 2015. Archived from the original (CSV) on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Southeast sees big influx of illegal immigrants". NBCNews.com. Associated Press. February 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kanell, Michael E. (November 16, 2009). "Number of veterans, October". Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Constitution-Journal. pp. A6. quoting the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". Census. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Population of Georgia: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts[dead link]
Jump up ^ "2010 Census Data". Census.gov. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer.
Jump up ^ "SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES-2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". Census. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for Regions, Divisions and States" (PDF). Census. 1980. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Pulera, Dominic J (2004-10-20), Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America, ISBN 9780826416438
Jump up ^ Farley, Reynolds (August 1991), "The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?", Demography, 28 (3): 411–29, doi:10.2307/2061465, JSTOR 2061465, PMID 1936376
Jump up ^ Lieberson, Stanley; Santi, Lawrence (1985), "The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns", Social Science Research, 14 (1): 44–6, doi:10.1016/0049-089x(85)90011-0
Jump up ^ Lieberson, Stanley; Waters, Mary C (September 1986), "Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 487 (79): 82–86, doi:10.1177/0002716286487001004
Jump up ^ Frey, William H (May 2004), The New Great Migration: Black Americans' Return to the South, 1965–2000 (PDF), The Brookings Institution, archived from the original (PDF) on April 28, 2008, retrieved May 19, 2008
Jump up ^ Atlanta (PDF) (profile), GA: Oca, archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2009
Jump up ^ "Georgia", Quickfacts, Census, archived from the original on June 22, 2015
Jump up ^ "Early Mountain Life", Travel, Georgia, archived from the original on May 4, 2008
Jump up ^ Who are Americans, The well
^ Jump up to: a b "Georgia". Modern Language Association. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Maps". Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report". www.thearda.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/13/rcms2010_13_state_name_2010.asp". Thearda.com. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/presbyterian-church-america". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Weiszer, Marc (September 29, 2014). "Georgia's Kublanow balances faith and football". Savannah Now. Kublanow wasn't just born Jewish, he was raised and had his bar mitzvah while attending an orthodox Chabad synagogue. His mother, Shelly Kublanow Rosenblatt, will attend Friday night and Saturday morning services at the Chabad House in Athens and then head to Sanford Stadium in the afternoon to watch Kublanow and his linemates clear the way for Todd Gurley.
Jump up ^ Sollish, Ari (October 11, 2007). "Chabad Course Explores Israel's Spiritual Side". Crown Heights Info. ATLANTA, GA – A new six-part adult-education course from Chabad-Lubavitch's Rohr Jewish Learning Institute will explore the spiritual connection between the Jewish people and the land of Israel starting at the end of October. Unlike courses that focus on the history or the culture of Israel, "The Land & the Spirit: Why We All Care About Israel" will explore the mystery of the deep connection between Jews everywhere and that small patch of land in the Middle East.
Jump up ^ "Religious Landscape Study". May 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Senate Kids. Retrieved December 30, 2007. Archived December 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Georgia Article III Section II. Retrieved December 30, 2007. Archived December 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The Supreme Court of Georgia History". Supreme Court of Georgia. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ A Brief History of Georgia Counties. Retrieved December 30, 2007. Archived November 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Georgia's County Governments". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. June 5, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Niesse, Mark (January 21, 2016). "Townships proposed as an alternative to cities in Georgia". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Race, Voting Rights, and Segregation". University of Michigan. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Saye, Albert B. (2010-05-01). A Constitutional History of Georgia, 1732–1945. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820335544. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Historical Census Browser, 1900 US Census, University of Virginia. Retrieved March 15, 2008. Archived August 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Georgia's 1908 Disfranchisement Constitutional Amendment". Ray City History. Ray City Community Library. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A State Divided". Ourgeorgiahistory.com. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The long goodbye". Economist.com. November 11, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Confident Years". Ngeorgia.com. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Last white Democrat in House from Deep South wins re-election". Reuters.com. 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "White voters solidly in for GOP in Georgia (October 16, 2012)". Ajc.com. October 16, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Election 2004". CNN. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Partisan composition of state houses". Ballotpedia. Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Georgia State Senate". Ballotpedia. Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lee Epstein, Thomas G. Walk, Constitutional Law: Rights, Liberties and Justice 8th Edition, SAGE, 2012, p. 753
Jump up ^ "Georgia Marriage Amendment, Question 1 (2004)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bluestein, Greg (June 29, 2015). "Top Georgia court official: Judges are following the law on gay marriages". Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Constitution-Journal.
Jump up ^ Analysis, US Department of Commerce, BEA, Bureau of Economic. "Bureau of Economic Analysis". www.bea.gov.
Jump up ^ "Per Capita Personal Income by State". Bureau of Business & Economic Research, UNM. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "State credit ratings". ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "BEA statistics for 2005 GSP – October 26, 2006". Bea.gov. May 23, 2011. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tharpe, Jim (January 4, 2007). "Atlanta Airport Still the "Busiest"". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 6, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport". Delta Air Lines, Inc. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Port of Savannah fourth-busiest, fastest-growing in the U.S." Atlanta Business Chronicle. American City Business Journals. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Belser, Briana. "State of Georgia ranked No. 1 in business". CBS46.com. WGCL-TV (Meredith Corporation). Retrieved November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "No. 1 State For Business Georgia Leads in Workforce Training, Global Access and Infrastructure". georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Census map" (PDF). www.census.gov.
Jump up ^ "Did You Know?". Georgia Blueberry Commission. Georgia Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lohr, Kathy (September 3, 2013) "New Carpet Factories Help Cushion Blows From Recession Losses", NPR; Retrieved March 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Infrastructure in Georgia". workforce.georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Savannah's Garden City Terminal is the Largest Single Container Terminal in North America". georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Infrastructure in Georgia By Air". workforce.georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Infrastructure in Georgia". georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "INFRASTRUCTURE IN GEORGIA". georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Energy Information Administration". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. March 27, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Facts on the Georgia Solar Industry". Georgia Solar. Solar Energy Industries Association. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Georgia's State and Local Tax Burden 1977–2009". The Tax Foundation. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ https://etax.dor.ga.gov/salestax/salestaxrates/LGS_2014_Jul_Rate_Chart.pdf[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Georgia Public Policy Foundation" (PDF). Gppf.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Film Industry in Georgia. (2004–2010). The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Georgia Industries: Film Facts Archived February 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. (2010). Georgia. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Simmons, Kenna. "GA GA LAND Georgia's film industry spurs big plans beyond production". georgiatrend.com. Georgia Trend Magazine. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.washingtontimes.com, The Washington Times (29 August 2015). "How Atlanta became the Hollywood of the South". The Washington Times. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Khouli, Gabriel (July 21, 2009). "'Vampire Diaries' crew to film on square Thursday, Friday". The Covington News. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Goolrick, Allie (September 12, 2017). "5 Oscar-nominated movies filmed around Atlanta". Retrieved July 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Walljasper, Matt (January 24, 2017). "What's filming in Atlanta now? Black Panther, I, Tonya, Stranger Things, and why MCU = ATL". Atlanta. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zoo Atlanta. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Circues. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Sheridan "Stone Mountain Park – Georgia's Most Popular Attraction". gosoutheast.about.com. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rattlesnake Roundups. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Associated Press "Aquarium sets Guinness record – Official from world record book says aquarium is world's largest". ajc.com. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Callaway Gardens. Retrieved December 8, 2007
Jump up ^ "Savannah GA Historical Information". Savannahvisit.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Willamette. Retrieved December 8, 2007. Archived October 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Atlanta Opera. Retrieved December 8, 2007
Jump up ^ Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Literature: Overview. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Tim (March 19, 2012). "Atlanta tunes up for Final Four with South region". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cobb, Ty". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Georgia Department of Natural Resources gadnr.org, accessed May 13, 2007
Jump up ^ National Park Service nps.gov, accessed May 13, 2007
Jump up ^ Appalachian Trail. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Civil War Heritage Trails. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Rock climbing. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Whitewater rafting". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. July 1, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Staff, A. B. S. (May 22, 2013). "Fayette County At-Large Election Process Violates Voting Rights Act".
Jump up ^ GA DOE – Testing – EOCT. Retrieved April 24, 2008. Archived May 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Donna (September 2, 2014). "New Georgia test will be different from CRCT". 11 Alive. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Points of Pride". University of Georgia. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Leads in Workforce Training, Global Access and Infrastructure". georgia.org. Georgia Department of Economic Development. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "210 Designated Market Areas – 03–04". Nielsen Media. Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AJC circulation continues to fall". Atlanta Business Chronicle. American City Business Journals. April 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Georgia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Network, Georgia Public Radio, archived from the original on February 2, 2007, retrieved May 19, 2007
Jump up ^ About, Georgia Public Radio, archived from the original on May 3, 2007, retrieved May 19, 2007
Jump up ^ "Airport information", Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, archived from the original on June 12, 2008, retrieved June 18, 2008
Jump up ^ "Public-Use Airports", Georgia Encyclopedia, retrieved June 27, 2011
Jump up ^ Dawson, Christie (Autumn 2009), Public Transportation Ridership Report (PDF), American Public Transportation Association
Jump up ^ "Living in Georgia", Culture, retrieved May 16, 2007
Jump up ^ "Physical exercise", Health (graph), Statemaster, retrieved May 16, 2007
Jump up ^ "Deal speech: 'Free' health care will cause a crunch | Governor Nathan Deal Office of the Governor". gov.georgia.gov. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Georgia and the ACA's Medicaid expansion: eligibility, enrollment and benefits". healthinsurance.org. 2018-07-27. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
Jump up ^ "US Census Bureau". 2010.census.gov. March 17, 2011. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Metropolitan Area Population & Housing Patterns: 2000–2010". Proximityone.com. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". Factfinder2.census.gov. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Atlanta moves to 9th largest US Metro area". www.ajc.com. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Tieck, Sarah (2013). Georgia. Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Publishing Company. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-61783-348-9.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Symbols". Georgia.gov.
Jump up ^ "White-Tailed Deer Named State Mammal of Georgia – Georgia.gov".
Jump up ^ "Look Georgia Agriculture on www.georgia.gov" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
Bibliography[edit]
Bartley, Numan V. The Creation of Modern Georgia (1990). Covers 1865–1990 period. ISBN 0-8203-1183-9.
Coleman, Kenneth. ed. A History of Georgia (1991). ISBN 0-8203-1269-X.
London, Bonnie Bullard. (2005) Georgia and the American Experience Atlanta, Georgia: Clairmont Press ISBN 1-56733-100-9. A middle school textbook.
Peirce, Neal R. The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States (1974). Information on politics and economics 1960–72. ISBN 0-393-05496-9.
Williams, David and Christopher C. Meyers. Georgia: A Brief History Macon: Mercer University Press, 2012.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutGeorgia (U.S. state)at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Georgia state government website
Georgia State Guide, from the Library of Congress
The New Georgia Encyclopedia
Georgia State Facts from USDA
Vanishing Georgia from the Digital Library of Georgia
Virtual Georgia from the Georgia Archives
Georgia Historical Marker Program from the Georgia Historical Society
Georgia (U.S. state) at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Geographic data related to Georgia (U.S. state) at OpenStreetMap

Preceded by
New Jersey List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
Ratified Constitution on January 2, 1788 (4th) Succeeded by
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Harris
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Heard
Henry
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Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Georgia
Keisha Lance Bottoms
(Atlanta)
Teresa Tomlinson
(Columbus)
Hardie Davis
(Augusta)
Robert Reichert
(Macon)
Eddie DeLoach
(Savannah)
Nancy Denson
(Athens)
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Protected areas of Georgia
Federal
National historic sites
and military parks
Andersonville NHS
Jimmy Carter NHS
Martin Luther King Jr. NHS
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
National monuments
Fort Frederica
Fort Pulaski
Ocmulgee
National forests
Chattahoochee
Oconee
National wildlife refuges
Banks Lake
Blackbeard Island
Bond Swamp
Eufaula
Harris Neck
Okefenokee
Piedmont
Savannah
Wassaw
Wolf Island
Wilderness areas
Big Frog Wilderness
Blood Mountain Wilderness
Brasstown Wilderness
Cohutta Wilderness
Cumberland Island National Seashore
Ellicott Rock Wilderness
Mark Trail Wilderness
Okefenokee Wilderness
Raven Cliffs Wilderness
Rich Mountain Wilderness
Southern Nantahala Wilderness
Tray Mountain Wilderness
Wild and scenic rivers
Chattooga River
National trails
Appalachian Trail
Pinhoti National Recreation Trail
Other protected areas
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area
Cumberland Island National Seashore
Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary
Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve
State
Parks
Amicalola Falls
Black Rock Mountain
Bobby Brown
Buck Shoals
Chattahoochee Bend
Cloudland Canyon
Crooked River
Don Carter
Elijah Clark
F.D. Roosevelt
Florence Marina
Fort Mountain
Fort Yargo
General Coffee
George L. Smith
George T. Bagby
Georgia Veterans
Gordonia-Alatamaha
Hamburg
Hard Labor Creek
Hart
High Falls
Indian Springs
James H. "Sloppy" Floyd
John Tanner
Laura S. Walker
Little Ocmulgee
Magnolia Springs
Mistletoe
Moccasin Creek
Panola Mountain
Providence Canyon
Red Top Mountain
Reed Bingham
Richard B. Russell
Sapelo Island
Seminole
Skidaway Island
Smithgall Woods
Sprewell Bluff
Standing Boy Creek
Stephen C. Foster
Sweetwater Creek
Tallulah Gorge
Tugaloo
Unicoi
Victoria Bryant
Vogel
Watson Mill Bridge
Historic parks
and sites
A.H. Stephens
Chief Vann House
Dahlonega Gold Museum
Etowah Indian Mounds
Fort McAllister
Fort King George
Fort Morris
Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation
Jarrell Plantation
Jefferson Davis Memorial
Kolomoki Mounds
Lapham-Patterson House
Little White House
New Echota
Pickett's Mill Battlefield
Robert Toombs House
Travelers Rest
Wormsloe
Forests
Baldwin
Bartram
Brender-Hitchiti
Dixon Memorial
Dawson
Hightower
Paulding
Spirit Creek
Other
Centennial Olympic Park
Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center
Jekyll Island
Len Foote Hike Inn
Radium Springs
Sapelo Island
Stone Mountain Park
County,
municipal
and other
Parks
Chehaw Park
Cobb County Parks
McIntosh Reserve
Murphey Candler Park
Okefenokee Swamp Park
Robert G. Hunter Memorial Park
Roswell Recreation and Parks
Seaborn Jones Memorial Park
Shaking Rock Park
Forests and
nature preserves
Autrey Mill Nature Preserve & Heritage Center
Fernbank Forest
Marshall Forest
Morningside Nature Preserve
Phinizy Swamp Nature Park
Reynolds Nature Preserve
Nature and environmental
education centers
Birdsong Nature Center
Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center
Chattahoochee Nature Center
Cochran Mill Nature Center
Dauset Trails Nature Center
Dunwoody Nature Center
Elachee Nature Science Center
Georgia Nature Center
Grand Bay Wetland Education Center
Melvin L. Newman Wetlands Center
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1 Admitted to the Union June 20, 1863.
2 Organized January 18, 1862.
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Coordinates: 33°00′N 83°30′W / 33°N 83.5°W / 33; -83.5
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WorldCat Identities
GND: 4020273-2
ISNI: 0000 0004 0405 8664
LCCN: n79023113
NARA: 10045287
NDL: 00628631
VIAF: 144230826
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(U.S._state)&oldid=857097021"
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Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia census statistical areas

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values: List of people from Georgia (U.S. state)

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/wiki/Cherokee_rose
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Cherokee rose

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Gopherus polyphemus

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/wiki/Portal:Georgia_USA
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Portal:Georgia USA

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values: Index of Georgia (U.S. state)-related articles

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/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau
mw-redirect
U.S. Census Bureau

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external text
http://www.history.com/topics/georgia

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/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)
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History (U.S. TV channel)

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/wiki/The_New_Georgia_Encyclopedia
mw-redirect
The New Georgia Encyclopedia

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external text
//doi.org/10.2307/2716218

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external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2716218

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http://www.weatherbyday.com/georgia/
external text

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external text
http://censusviewer.com/city/GA

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external text
//doi.org/10.2307/2061465

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external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2061465

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/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

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external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1936376

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external text
http://www.well.com/~mp/gAmOrigins.html

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external text
http://www.mla.org/map_data

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external text
http://religions.pewforum.org/maps

values:
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external text
http://umich.edu/~lawrace/votetour6.htm

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external text
http://www.economist.com/node/17467202

values:
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external text
http://bber.unm.edu/econ/us-pci.htm

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http://www.georgiablueberries.org/
external text

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external free
http://www.washingtontimes.com

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external text
http://baseballhall.org/hof/cobb-ty

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http://www.gadnr.org/
external text

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http://www.nps.gov/state/ga/
external text

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http://www.uga.edu/profile/pride/
external text

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external text
http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html

values: American Public Transportation Association

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external text
http://proximityone.com/metros0010.htm

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http://factfinder2.census.gov

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https://georgia.gov/georgia-symbols

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values: List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

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values: List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state)

values: Category:Tourist attractions in Georgia (U.S. state)

values: Picture of the official Seal of the U.S. state of Georgia

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values: List of largest Georgia (U.S. state) cities by population

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values: Template:Protected areas of Georgia (U.S. state)

values: Template talk:Protected areas of Georgia (U.S. state)

values: Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site

values: Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge

values: List of areas in the United States National Park System

values: Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve

values:
/wiki/Bobby_Brown_State_Park
mw-redirect
Bobby Brown State Park

values: Buck Shoals State Park (page does not exist)

values: Chattahoochee Bend State Park (page does not exist)

values: Don Carter State Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Fort_McAllister_Historic_Park
mw-redirect
Fort McAllister Historic Park

values: Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation Historic Site

values:
/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds_Historic_Park
mw-redirect
Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park

values:
/wiki/Lapham-Patterson_House
mw-redirect
Lapham-Patterson House

values: Pickett's Mill Battlefield Historic Site

values: List of Georgia (U.S. state) state forests

values: Baldwin State Forest (page does not exist)

values: Brender-Hitchiti State Forest (page does not exist)

values: Dixon Memorial State Forest (page does not exist)

values: Hightower Educational Forest (page does not exist)

values: Spirit Creek Educational Forest (page does not exist)

values: Cobb County Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs Department

values: Robert G. Hunter Memorial Park (page does not exist)

values: Autrey Mill Nature Preserve & Heritage Center

values: List of nature centers in the United States

values: Birdsong Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: Cochran Mill Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: Dunwoody Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: Elachee Nature Science Center (page does not exist)

values: Georgia Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: Melvin L. Newman Wetlands Center (page does not exist)

values: Oatland Island Wildlife Center (page does not exist)

values: Oxbow Meadows Environmental Learning Center (page does not exist)

values: Sandy Creek Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: Tidelands Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: Tybee Island Marine Science Center (page does not exist)

values: West Atlanta Watershed Alliance Outdoor Activity Center

values: Georgia Forestry Commission (page does not exist)

values:
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external text

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values: List of Indian reservations in the United States

values: A House Divided: Denmark Vesey's Rebellion

values: Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

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https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020273-2

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http://isni.org/isni/0000000404058664

values: National Archives and Records Administration

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https://viaf.org/viaf/144230826

values: Category:1788 establishments in the United States

values: Category:States and territories established in 1788

values: Category:States of the Confederate States

values: Category:States of the East Coast of the United States

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values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2014

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages

values: Category:Use mdy dates from November 2017

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010

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values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011

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values: Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001

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values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

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values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

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/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
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Visit the main page

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values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

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interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
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values: جورجيا (ولاية أمريكية) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values: ܓܘܪܓܝܐ (ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ) – Aramaic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frp
display: none;

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Asturian
ast
ast
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interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-gn
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ay
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values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corciya
Corciya – Azerbaijani
az
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: জর্জিয়া (অঙ্গরাজ্য) – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Джорджия – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Джорджыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: जॉर्जिया (अमेरिकी राज्य) – Bhojpuri

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl
display: none;

values:
https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Bislama
bi
bi
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bi
display: none;

values: Джорджия – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

values: འཇོར་ཇི་ཡ། (ཨ་མེ་རི་ཁ།) – Tibetan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bo
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Джорджи – Chuvash

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values:
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Cebuano
ceb
ceb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgie
Georgie – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam
display: none;

values: Georgia (Stati Uniti d'America) – Corsican

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-co
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Danish
da
da
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-se
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nv
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Τζόρτζια – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eml
display: none;

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgio
Georgio – Esperanto
eo
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: جورجیا – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hif
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Western Frisian
fy
fy
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gv
display: none;

values:
https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Gagauz
gag
gag
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gag
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values: Xeorxia, Estados Unidos de América – Galician

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values: Җорҗия – Kalmyk

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xal
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-haw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: जॉर्जिया (अमरीकी राज्य) – Hindi

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
display: none;

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ig
display: none;

values: Georgia (Estado iti Estados Unidos) – Iloko

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo
display: none;

values: জর্জিয়া (রাজ্য) – Bishnupriya

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ie
display: none;

values:
https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Inupiaq
ik
ik
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ik
display: none;

values: Джорджи – Ossetic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-os
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values: Georgia (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯ (ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶದ ರಾಜ್ಯ) – Kannada

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pam
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Джорджия – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeorji
Jeorji – Cornish
kw
kw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Kurdish
ku
ku
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Жоржия – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lad
display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-olo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: जर्जिया (संयुक्त राज्य) – Maithili

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mai
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values: ജോർജിയ (യു.എസ്. സംസ്ഥാനം) – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mi
display: none;

values: जॉर्जिया (अमेरिका) – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn
display: none;

values:
https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Min Dong Chinese
cdo
cdo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values: ဂျော်ဂျီယာပြည်နယ် (အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု) – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Nauru
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-na
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl
display: none;

values: जर्जिया (संयुक्त राज्य) – Nepali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ne
display: none;

values: जर्जिया राज्य – Newari

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-new
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values: Джорджи – Chechen

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Northern Frisian
frr
frr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frr
display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorjiya
Jorjiya – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਜਾਰਜੀਆ (ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਰਾਜ) – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values: ज्योर्जिया – Pali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pi
display: none;

values: جارجیا، امریکہ – Western Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pap
display: none;

values: Geòrgia (Stat Unì d'América) – Piedmontese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Джорджия – Russian

values: Дьордьия – Sakha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sm
display: none;

values: जार्जिया (अमेरिका देशस्य प्रदेशः) – Sanskrit

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sa
display: none;

values: Geòrgia (Istados Unidos de Amèrica) – Sardinian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-stq
display: none;

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Silesian
szl
szl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Џорџија – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: ஜோர்ஜியா (மாநிலம்) – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Kabyle
kab
kab
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kab
display: none;

values: Джорджия – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: జార్జియా – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values: รัฐจอร์เจีย – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-chr
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tk
display: none;

values: Джорджія – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: جارجیا (امریکی ریاست) – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vo
display: none;

values: Georgia (estado han Estados Unidos) – Waray

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: דזשארדזשיע – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Zazaki
diq
diq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp
display: none;

values:
https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia
Georgia – Lingua Franca Nova
lfn
lfn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Georgia_U_S_state rootpage-Georgia_U_S_state skin-vector action-view