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Kiln
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For other uses, see Kiln (disambiguation).
Charcoal kilns, California
Indian brick kiln
Hops kiln
Farnham Pottery, Wrecclesham, Surrey with the preserved bottle kiln on the right of photo
Catenary arch kiln under construction
An empty, intermittent kiln. This specific example is a "car kiln"; the base is on wheels and has been rolled out of the kiln - this facilitates loading and unloading the kiln
A kiln (/kɪln/ or /kɪl/,[1] originally pronounced "kill", with the "n" silent) is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery, tiles and bricks. Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing—to calcinate ores, to calcinate limestone to lime for cement, and to transform many other materials.
Contents
1 Etymology and pronunciation
2 Uses of kilns
3 Ceramic kilns
3.1 Modern kilns
4 Wood-drying kiln
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Etymology and pronunciation[edit]
The word kiln descends from the Old English cylene (/ˈkylene/, which was adapted from the Latin culīna 'kitchen, cooking-stove, burning-place. During the Middle English Period, the "n" was not pronounced, as evidenced by kiln having frequently been spelled without the "n",[2] Another word, "miln", a place where wheat is ground, also had a silent "n". Whereas the spelling of "miln" was changed to "mill" to match its pronunciation, "kiln" maintained its spelling, which most likely led to a common mispronunciation, which has now become commonly used. However, there are small bastions where the original pronunciation has endured. Kiln, Mississippi, a small town known for its wood drying kilns that once served the timber industry, is still referred to as "the Kill" by locals.[3]
Unwittingly adding the "n" sound at the end of "kiln" is due to people being introduced to the word through the written language before ever hearing the actual pronunciation. Linguists call this phenomenon "reading pronunciation" where an incorrect pronunciation is read aloud, becomes widespread, eventually reported by dictionaries, and the "original pronunciation, passed from parent to child, mouth to ear, for many generations is lost."[4]
Phonetically, the "ln" in "kiln" is categorized as a digraph: a combination of two letters that make only one sound, such as the "mn" in "hymn". From English Words as Spoken and Written for Upper Grades by James A. Bowen 1900: "The digraph ln, n silent, occurs in kiln. A fall down the kiln can kill you."[5] Bowen was pointing out the humorous fact that "kill" and "kiln" are homophones.[6]
Uses of kilns[edit]
Pit fired pottery was produced for thousands of years before the earliest known kiln, which dates to around 6000 BC, and was found at the Yarim Tepe site in modern Iraq.[7] Neolithic kilns were able to produce temperatures greater than 900 °C (1652 °F).[8] Uses include:
Annealing, fusing and deforming glass, or fusing metallic oxide paints to the surface of glass
Heat treatment for metallic workpieces
Ceramics
Brickworks
Melting metal for casting
Smelting ore to extract metal
Pyrolysis of chemical materials
Heating limestone with clay in the manufacture of Portland cement, the Cement kiln
Heating limestone to make quicklime or calcium oxide, the Lime kiln
Heating gypsum to make plaster of Paris
For cremation (at high temperature)
Drying of tobacco leaves
Drying malted barley for brewing and other fermentations
Drying hops for brewing (known as a hop kiln or oast house)
Drying corn (grain) before grinding or storage, sometimes called a corn kiln, corn drying kiln.[9]
Drying green lumber so it can be used immediately
Drying wood for use as firewood
Heating wood to the point of pyrolysis to produce charcoal
Ceramic kilns[edit]
Kilns are an essential part of the manufacture of all ceramics. Ceramics require high temperatures so chemical and physical reactions will occur to permanently alter the unfired body. In the case of pottery, clay materials are shaped, dried and then fired in a kiln. The final characteristics are determined by the composition and preparation of the clay body and the temperature at which it is fired. After a first firing, glazes may be used and the ware is fired a second time to fuse the glaze into the body. A third firing at a lower temperature may be required to fix overglaze decoration. Modern kilns often have sophisticated electrical control systems to firing regime, although pyrometric devices are often also used.
Clay consists of fine-grained particles, that are relatively weak and porous. Clay is combined with other minerals to create a workable clay body. Part of the firing process includes sintering. This heats the clay until the particles partially melt and flow together, creating a strong, single mass, composed of a glassy phase interspersed with pores and crystalline material. Through firing, the pores are reduced in size, causing the material to shrink slightly. This crystalline material predominantly consists of silicon and aluminium oxides.
In the broadest terms, there are two types of kiln: intermittent and continuous, both sharing the same basic characteristics of being an insulated box with a controlled inner temperature and atmosphere.
A continuous kiln, sometimes called a tunnel kiln, is a long structure in which only the central portion is directly heated. From the cool entrance, ware is slowly transported through the kiln, and its temperature is increased steadily as it approaches the central, hottest part of the kiln. From there, it continues through the kiln, and the surrounding temperature is reduced until it exits the kiln nearly at room temperature. A continuous kiln is energy-efficient, because heat given off during cooling is recycled to pre-heat the incoming ware. In some designs, the ware is left in one place, while the heating zone moves across it. Kilns in this type include:
Hoffmann kiln
Bull’s Trench kiln
Habla (Zig-Zag) kiln
Roller kiln: A special type of kiln, common in tableware and tile manufacture, is the roller-hearth kiln, in which wares placed on bats are carried through the kiln on rollers.
In the intermittent kiln. the ware to be fired is placed into the kiln. The kiln is closed, and the internal temperature increased according to a schedule. After the firing is completed, both the kiln and the ware are cooled. The ware is removed, the kiln is cleaned and the next cycle begins. Kilns in this type include:[10]
Clamp kiln
Skove kiln
Scotch kiln
Down-Draft kiln
Shuttle Kilns: this is a car-bottom kiln with a door on one or both ends. Burners are positioned top and bottom on each side, creating a turbulent circular air flow. This type of kiln is generally a multi-car design and is used for processing whitewares, technical ceramics and refractories in batches. Depending upon size and mass of ware, shuttle kilns may be equipped with car moving devices to transfer fired and unfired ware in and out of the kiln. Shuttle kilns can be either updraft or downdraft in design. A Shuttle Kiln derives its name from the fact that kiln cars can enter a shuttle kiln from either end of the kiln for processing, whereas a tunnel kiln has flow in only one direction.
Kiln technology is very old. The development of the kiln from a simple earthen trench filled with pots and fuel, pit firing, to modern methods happened in stages. One improvement was to build a firing chamber around pots with baffles and a stoking hole. This conserved heat. A chimney stack improves the air flow or draw of the kiln, thus burning the fuel more completely.
Chinese kiln technology has always been a key factor in the development of Chinese pottery, and until recent centuries was far ahead of other parts of the world. The Chinese developed effective kilns capable of firing at around 1,000°C before 2000 BC. These were updraft kilns, often built below ground. Two main types of kiln were developed by about 200 AD and remained in use until modern times. These are the dragon kiln of hilly southern China, usually fuelled by wood, long and thin and running up a slope, and the horseshoe-shaped mantou kiln of the north Chinese plains, smaller and more compact. Both could reliably produce the temperatures of up to 1300°C or more needed for porcelain. In the late Ming, the egg-shaped kiln or zhenyao was developed at Jingdezhen, but mainly used there. This was something of a compromise between the other types, and offered locations in the firing chamber with a range of firing conditions.[11]
Both Ancient Roman pottery and medieval Chinese pottery could be fired in industrial quantities, with tens of thousands of pieces in a single firing.[12] Early examples of simpler kilns found in Britain include those that made roof-tiles during the Roman occupation. These kilns were built up the side of a slope, such that a fire could be lit at the bottom and the heat would rise up into the kiln.
Traditional kilns include:
Dragon kiln of south China: thin and long, climbing up a hillside. This type spread to the rest of East Asia giving the Japanese Anagama kiln, arriving via Korea in the 5th century. This kiln usually consists of one long firing chamber, pierced with smaller ware stacking ports on one side, with a firebox at one end and a flue at the other. Firing time can vary from one day to several weeks. Traditional anagama kilns are also built on a slope to allow for a better draft. The Japanese Noborigama kiln is an evolution from Anagama design as a multi-chamber kiln where wood is stacked from the front firebox at first, then only through the side-stoking holes with the benefit of having air heated up to 600 °C (1,112 °F) from the front firebox, enabling more efficient firings.
During the reconstitution of a traditional Cambodian kiln at Khmer Ceramics & fine arts centre in Siem Reap Cambodia
Khmer Kiln: quite similar to the Anagama kiln; however, traditional Khmer Kilns had a flat roof. Chinese, Korean or Japanese kilns have an arch roof. These types of kiln vary in size and can measure in the tens of meters. The firing time also varies and can last several days.
Bottle kiln: a type of intermittent kiln, usually coal-fired, formerly used in the firing of pottery; such a kiln was surrounded by a tall brick hovel or cone, of typical bottle shape. The tableware was enclosed in sealed fireclay saggars, as the heat and smoke from the fires passed through the oven it would be fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F).
Biscuit kiln: The first firing would take place in the biscuit kiln
Glost kiln: The biscuit-ware was glazed and given a second glost firing in the larger glost kilns
Mantou kiln of north China, smaller and more compact than the dragon kiln.
Muffle Kiln: This was used to fire over-glaze decoration, at a temperature under 800 °C (1,472 °F). in these cool kilns the smoke from the fires passed through flues outside the oven.
Catenary arch kiln: Typically used for the firing of pottery using salt, these by their form (a catenary arch) tend to retain their shape over repeated heating and cooling cycles, whereas other types require extensive metalwork supports.
Sèvres kiln: invented in Sèvres, France, it efficiently generated high-temperatures 1,240 °C (2,264 °F) to produce waterproof ceramic bodies and easy-to-obtain glazes. It features a down-draft design that produces high temperature in shorter time, even with wood-firing.
Bourry box kiln, similar to previous one.
Modern kilns[edit]
With the industrial age, kilns were designed to use electricity and more refined fuels, including natural gas and propane. Many large industrial pottery kilns use natural gas, as it is generally clean, efficient and easy to control. Modern kilns can be fitted with computerized controls allowing for fine adjustments during the firing. A user may choose to control the rate of temperature climb or ramp, hold or soak the temperature at any given point, or control the rate of cooling. Both electric and gas kilns are common for smaller scale production in industry and craft, handmade and sculptural work.
The temperature of some kilns is controlled by pyrometric cones—devices that begin to melt at specific temperatures.
Modern kilns include:
Retort kiln: a type of kiln which can reach temperatures around 1,500 °C (2,732 °F) for extended periods of time. Typically, these kilns are used in industrial purposes, and feature movable charging cars which make up the bottom and door of the kiln.
Electric kilns: kilns operated by electricity were developed in the 20th century, primarily for smaller scale use such as in schools, universities, and hobby centers. The atmosphere in most designs of electric kiln is rich in oxygen, as there is no open flame to consume oxygen molecules. However, reducing conditions can be created with appropriate gas input, or by using saggars in a particular way.
Feller kiln: brought contemporary design to wood firing by re-using unburnt gas from the chimney to heat intake air before it enters the firebox. This leads to an even shorter firing cycle and less wood consumption. This design requires external ventilation to prevent the in-chimney radiator from melting, being typically in metal. The result is a very efficient wood kiln firing one cubic metre of ceramics with one cubic meter of wood.[citation needed]
Microwave assisted firing: this technique combine microwave energy with more conventional energy sources, such as radiant gas or electric heating, to process ceramic materials to the required high temperatures. Microwave-assisted firing offers significant economic benefits.
Top-hat kiln: an intermittent kiln of a type sometimes used to fire pottery. The ware is set on a refractory hearth, or plinth, over which a box-shaped cover is lowered.
Wood-drying kiln[edit]
Main article: Wood drying § Kiln drying
Green wood coming straight from the felled tree has far too high a moisture content to be commercially useful and will rot, warp and split. Both hardwoods and softwood must be left to dry out until the moisture content is between 18% and 8%. This can be a long process, or it is speeded up by use of a kiln. A variety of kiln technologies exist today: conventional, dehumidification, solar, vacuum and radio frequency.
Conventional wood dry
[13] are either package-type (side-loader) or track-type (tram) construction. Most hardwood lumber kilns are side-loader kilns in which fork trucks are used to load lumber packages into the kiln. Most softwood kilns are track types in which the timber (US. lumber) is loaded on kiln/track cars for loading the kiln. Modern high-temperature, high-air-velocity conventional kilns can typically dry 1-inch-thick (25 mm) green wood in 10 hours down to a moisture content of 18%. However, 1-inch-thick green Red Oak requires about 28 days to dry down to a moisture content of 8%.
Heat is typically introduced via steam running through fin/tube heat exchangers controlled by on/off pneumatic valves. Humidity is removed by a system of vents, the specific layout of which are usually particular to a given manufacturer. In general, cool dry air is introduced at one end of the kiln while warm moist air is expelled at the other. Hardwood conventional kilns also require the introduction of humidity via either steam spray or cold water misting systems to keep the relative humidity inside the kiln from dropping too low during the drying cycle. Fan directions are typically reversed periodically to ensure even drying of larger kiln charges.
Most softwood kilns operate below 115 °C (239 °F) temperature. Hardwood kiln drying schedules typically keep the dry bulb temperature below 80 °C (176 °F). Difficult-to-dry species might not exceed. 60 °C (140 °F)
Dehumidification kilns
are similar to other kilns in basic construction and drying times are usually comparable. Heat comes primarily from an integral dehumidification unit that also removes humidity. Auxiliary heat is often provided early in the schedule to supplement the dehumidifier.
Solar kilns
are conventional kilns, typically built by hobbyists to keep initial investment costs low. Heat is provided via solar radiation, while internal air circulation is typically passive.
Vacuum and radio frequency kilns
reduce the air pressure to attempt to speed up the drying process. A variety of these vacuum technologies exist, varying primarily in the method heat is introduced into the wood charge. Hot water platten vacuum kilns use aluminum heating plates with the water circulating within as the heat source, and typically operate at significantly reduced absolute pressure. Discontinuous and SSV (super-heated steam) use atmosphere pressure to introduce heat into the kiln charge. The entire kiln charge comes up to full atmospheric pressure, the air in the chamber is then heated and finally a vacuum is pulled as the charge cools. SSV run at partial-atmospheres, typically around 1/3 of full atmospheric pressure, in a hybrid of vacuum and conventional kiln technology (SSV kilns are significantly more popular in Europe where the locally harvested wood is easier to dry than the North American woods. RF/V (radio frequency + vacuum) kilns use microwave radiation to heat the kiln charge, and typically have the highest operating cost due to the heat of vaporization being provided by electricity rather than local fossil fuel or waste wood sources.
The economics of different wood drying technologies are based on the total energy, capital, insurance/risk, environmental impacts, labor, maintenance, and product degradation costs. These costs which can be a significant part of plant costs, involve the differential impact of the presence of drying equipment in a specific plant. Every piece of equipment from the green trimmer to the infeed system at the planer mill is part the "drying system". The true costs of the drying system can only be determined when comparing the total plant costs and risks with and without drying.
Kiln dried firewood was pioneered during the 1980s, this was later adopted extensively in Europe due to the economic and practical benefits of selling wood with a lower moisture content.[14] [15][16]
The total (harmful) air emissions produced by wood kilns, including their heat source, can be significant. Typically, the higher the temperature the kiln operates at, the larger amount of emissions are produced (per pound of water removed). This is especially true in the drying of thin veneers and high-temperature drying of softwoods.
Gallery[edit]
Brickmaking kilns, Mekong delta. The cargo boat in the foreground is carrying the rice chaff used as fuel for the firing.
A wood fired pottery kiln in Hoi An Vietnam.
A Catenary Arch kiln used for firing high temperature electron tube grade aluminium oxide ceramics
A two-story porcelain kiln with furnaces á alandier in Sèvres, France circa 1880
CAD representation of a Beehive Kiln
CAD representation of a Tunnel kiln
See also[edit]
Forge
Furnace
List of ovens
Top-lit updraft gasifier
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kiln". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
Jump up ^ "kiln". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=eJOsaFMnOyIC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=%22The+Kill%22+mississippi+kiln&source=bl&ots=WPex6XiAy5&sig=BzmCZJLDbXrIlVElp4ecPSJMI7A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFzPSzlK7PAhUC0GMKHZnIAK4Q6AEINzAF#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Kill%22%20mississippi%20kiln&f=false
Jump up ^ Dick Margulis (8 April 2007). "Jumpin' up and down yelling "KILN! KILN!"". words/myth/amper & virgule. Dick Margulis. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7xHAQAAMAAJ
Jump up ^ Alfred Aloisi. "kill, kiln". Homophone.com. Alfred Aloisi. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Piotr Bienkowski; Alan Millard (15 April 2010). Dictionary of the Ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-8122-2115-2.
Jump up ^ James E. McClellan III; Harold Dorn. Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction. JHU Press; 14 April 2006. ISBN 978-0-8018-8360-6. p. 21.
Jump up ^ Conran, Sheelagh; et al. (2011). Past Times, Changing Fortunes. Proceedings of a public seminar on archaeological discoveries on national road schemes. ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY, Monograph Series No.8. Dublin: Transport Infrastructure Ireland. pp. 73–84. ISBN 9780956418050. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ "Small Scale Brickmaking".
Jump up ^ Rawson, 364, 369-370; Vainker, 222-223; JP Hayes article from the Grove Dictionary of Art
Jump up ^ Vainker, 222-223; JP Hayes article from the Grove Dictionary of Art
Jump up ^ Rasmussen 1988.
Jump up ^ Maviglio, S. 1986. From stump to stove in three days. Yankee. 50(12): 95-96(December).
Jump up ^ http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fplrn254.pdf
Jump up ^ "Important information and facts about our firewood". www.certainlywood.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-27.
References[edit]
Hamer, Frank and Janet. The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques. A & C Black Publishers, Limited, London, England, Third Edition 1991. ISBN 0-8122-3112-0.
Smith, Ed. Dry Kiln Design Manual. J.E. Smith Engineering and Consulting, Blooming Grove, Texas. Available for purchase from author J.E. Smith
M. Kornmann and CTTB, "Clay bricks and roof tiles, manufacturing and properties", Soc. industrie minérale, Paris,(2007) ISBN 2-9517765-6-X
Rasmussen, E.F. (1988). Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture., ed. Dry Kiln Operators Manual. Hardwood Research Council.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kilns.
Look up kiln in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Kilns and Firing Structures entry in the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
Information about the history of bottle ovens (kilns) from Gladstone Pottery Museum in Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
How the Bottle Kiln Works (from thepotteries.org)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiln&oldid=855627352"
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text:
Meteor Garden (2018 TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Meteor Garden, 流星花園
Genre
Romantic comedy
Youth, School
Based on
Meteor Garden, Boys Over Flowers (花より男子, Hana Yori Dango)]
Written by
Sharon Mao[1]
Directed by
Lin Helong[2]
Starring
Shen Yue
Dylan Wang
Darren Chen
Connor Leong
Caesar Wu
Opening theme
For You by Dylan Wang (王鹤棣), Darren Chen (官鸿), Connor Leong (梁靖康), Caesar Wu (吴希泽)
Ending theme
Love, Existence (爱，存在) by Qiqi Wei (魏奇奇)
Country of origin
China
Original language(s)
Mandarin
No. of episodes
50
Production
Producer(s)
Angie Chai[1]
Running time
45 minutes
Production company(s)
Star Ritz
Mango Entertainment[1]
Edko Films
Budget
$33 million[1]
Release
Original network
Hunan Television, Netflix
First shown in
China
Original release
July 9 (2018-07-09) – August 28, 2018
Chronology
Related shows
Meteor Garden (2001, Taiwan)
Meteor Garden II (2002, Taiwan)
Hana Yori Dango (TV series) (2005, Japan)
Hana Yori Dango Returns (2007, Japan)
Hana Yori Dango Final (2008, Japan)
Boys Over Flowers (2009, South Korea)
Boys Over Flowers Season 2 (TV series) (2018, Japan)
Meteor Garden (Chinese: 流星花園; pinyin: Liúxīng Huāyuán) is a 2018 Chinese television series starring Shen Yue, Dylan Wang, Darren Chen, Connor Leong, and Caesar Wu. It is based on the first Meteor Garden series and the Japanese shōjo manga series Boys Over Flowers (花より男子, Hana Yori Dango) written by Yoko Kamio.[1] The series is produced by Angie Chai and directed by Lin Helong.[3][2] It is set in Shanghai.
The series reboot was first broadcast in China on Hunan Television, then made available after its airing to VIP users of its streaming counterpart, Mango TV. The stream is then made available to everyone the day after. Two episodes are released per day on a Monday to Wednesday basis. The show is expected to have 50 episodes.
The series is a remake of the 2001 Taiwanese series Meteor Garden.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Main Cast
2.2 Supporting Cast
2.3 Cameo
3 Production
4 Original Soundtrack
5 International Broadcast
6 Ratings
7 Episodes
7.1 Season 1 (2018)
8 References
9 External links
Synopsis[edit]
The story centers around an ordinary girl, Dong Shancai (Shen Yue) who is accepted to the most prestigious university in the country. She encounters F4, an exclusive group composed of the four popular boys in the institution - Dao Mingsi (Dylan Wang), Hua Zelei (Darren Chen), Yan Ximen (Caesar Wu), and Feng Meizuo (Connor Leong). Shancai is a girl from a family that is barely able to make ends meet. Due to the nature of her personality, she immediately clashes with F4, especially Dao Mingsi who is spoiled, arrogant, and a bully. She remains defiant even after becoming a target of Dao Mingsi and just when she's about to give up, Hua Zelei always seems to show up to comfort her. Eventually, the four boys begin to acknowledge Shancai's unyielding personality that is like her namesake, which is that of a weed that can never be brought down. She also begins to see the good in the boys, which paves the way for friendship and an eventual romance.
Cast[edit]
Main Cast[edit]
Actor/Actress
Character Names
Characteristics
Shen Yue Dong Shancai
(董杉菜)
The protagonist of the story. Dong Shancai is a strong-willed, stubborn, and kind girl who doesn't allow herself or others be bullied. After angering Daoming Si, she receives a sacred 'Joker' card given by the F4, who challenged her to a match of Contract bridge. Initially, she likes Huaze Lei who comes to her rescue during her worst moments; however, after a series of events, she starts developing feelings for Daoming Si. Due to her headstrong nature, she soon earns the respect of the F4 boys and becomes good friends with them.
Dylan Wang / Wang Hedi Daoming Si
(道明寺)
The stubborn, hot-headed, and arrogant leader of F4. Daoming Si comes from a wealthy, domineering family that believes money can buy everything. He never fully matured because his parents were not present for much of his life (his father died when he was in high school, and his mother was often busy leading her company overseas). Daoming Si gets easily angry when something doesn't go his way. Daoming Si slowly falls in love with Dong Shancai due to her defiant stance to his bullying ways. Although he may get irrationally angry due to jealousy, his feelings for Dong Shancai run deep. He strives to protect Dong Shancai at all costs and is willing to go to extreme ends to keep her safe.
Darren Chen / Guan Hong Huaze Lei
(花澤類)
A member of F4. On the exterior, Huaze Lei appears cold, quiet, and indifferent to those outside his circle of friends. In reality, he is protective of Dong Shancai and is grateful for her being there for him during his worst times. Also from a wealthy family, Huaze Lei has been friends with Daoming Si since they were kids. He is in love with his childhood friend Tengtang Jing, who befriended him despite his quiet demeanor due to his mild autism, when he was very young. He later on develops feelings for Shancai.
Connor Leong / Liang Jing Kang Feng Meizuo
(冯美作)
A member of F4. Meizuo enjoys making jokes and has an incredible memory. He is a flirtatious casanova. He expresses interest in Dong Shan Cai's impressive competitor in the Chinese Cuisine competition.
Caesar Wu / Wu Xize Ximen Yan
(西門彦)
A member of F4. Ximen is a playboy, although he expresses interest in Shan Cai's best friend, Xiaoyou .
Supporting Cast[edit]
Li Jiaqi as Jiang Xiaoyou
Liu Yinhao as Chen Qinghe[4]
Sun Qian as He Yuanzi[5] / Xiao Zi
Dee Hsu as Daoming Zhuang
An Ziyi as Li Xinhui
Dong Xin as Li Zhen
Wang Lin / Lilian Wang as Daoming Feng
Sun Yihan as Tengtang Jing
Wang Runze as Tian Ye
Blake Abbie as Thomas
Wang Zi Zhen as Jiang Bai He
Liu Ye as Zhou Cai Na
Zhao Hua Ran as Yan Shun Ping
Kirito Kirigaya as Ken[6]
Cameo[edit]
Wang Yue as Yue Ji
Amber Kuo as Guo Kai Jie
Jin Hao Chen as Yan Zhi Bu
Harlem Yu
Production[edit]
In April 2017, Angie Chai announced the remake of Meteor Garden, which she produced in 2001.[1] Prior to the announcement, Barbie Hsu hinted at the news on her Weibo account. Chai plans on making the remake a "fuller—and flashier—adaptation of the books".[7] The drama is budgeted at 720 million New Taiwan dollars (about US$24 million) with 15 million per episode, which is thirty times higher than the original.[1]
A casting call was announced on social media on June 21, 2017 with a video and the topic, "#FindingF4#".[8] On November 7, 2017, the actors playing the F4 were revealed, namely Dylan Wang (Daoming Si), Darren Chen (Huaze Lei), Connor Leong (Meizuo), and Caesar Wu (Xi Men).[9] Shen Yue's role as Dong Shancai was unveiled at a press conference in Shanghai on November 9.[10]
On February 2018, it was announced that the director has been changed from Xu Fuxiang to Lin Helong.[2]
Original Soundtrack[edit]
No.
Title
Singer
Length
1. "The Love You Want (Night Version) [你要的爱 (深夜版)]" Penny Tai (戴佩妮) 04:21
2. "For You" Dylan Wang (王鹤棣), Darren Chen (官鸿), Connor Leong (梁靖康), Caesar Wu (吴希泽) 03:32
3. "Waiting For Someone (等一个人)" Shennio Lin (林芯仪) 04:21
4. "Meteor Shower (流星雨)" Jerry Yan (言承旭), Vic Chou (周渝民), Ken Chu (朱孝天), Vanness Wu (吴建豪) 04:34
5. "Create Memories (创造回忆)" Dylan Wang (王鹤棣), Darren Chen (官鸿), Connor Leong (梁靖康), Caesar Wu (吴希泽) 05:17
6. "Never Thought Of (从来没想到)" Dylan Wang (王鹤棣), Darren Chen (官鸿), Connor Leong (梁靖康), Caesar Wu (吴希泽) 03:41
7. "I Don’t Even Think About It (想都不用想)" Dylan Wang (王鹤棣) 04:03
8. "Non-Small (非同小可)" Dylan Wang (王鹤棣) 02:51
9. "Gentle Behind The Flower (花背后的温柔)" Darren Chen (官鸿) 03:53
10. "Star Number Meteor (星星数流星)" Connor Leong (梁靖康) 03:28
11. "I Miss You Thinking About Going Crazy (想你想到快疯了)" Caesar Wu (吴希泽) 05:06
12. "Emotional (情非得已)" Harlem Yu (庾澄庆) 04:33
13. "I Miss You Thinking About Going Crazy (想你想到快疯了)" Clover Kao (高隽雅) 04:14
14. "Love, Existence (爱，存在)" Qiqi Wei (魏奇奇) 04:46
15. "The Love You Want (你要的爱)" Fu Yan (芙筱) 04:03
16. "River" Bishop Briggs 03:34
17. "Say Something" A Great Big World 03:52
18. "Anyone of Us (Stupid Mistake)" Gareth Gates 03:48
International Broadcast[edit]
Philippines: ABS-CBN It premiered on August 20, 2018 with high ratings.[11]
Indonesia: SCTV will have the rights to air the program.[12] However, Viu has the streaming rights to the program and air first on July 16.[13]
Besides Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, the show will air as a Netflix Exclusive under the Netflix Originals category and will start streaming on July 13, 2018.
Ratings[edit]
Episode #
Original broadcast date
Average audience share (CSM52)
Average audience share (National Average)
Ratings
Audience share
Ranking
Ratings
Audience share
Ranking
1-2 July 9, 2018 1.126% 8.04% 4 1.11% 9.68% 3
3-4 July 10, 2018 1.032% 7.023% 4 1.11% 9.03% 4
5-6 July 11, 2018 0.991% 6.731% 5 1.12% 8.85% 4
7-8 July 16, 2018 0.931% 7.045% 6 1.1% 9.77% 3
9-10 July 17, 2018 0.919% 6.803% 8 1.12% 9.57% 4
11-12 July 18, 2018 0.983% 7.254% 8 0.97% 8.71% 4
13-14 July 19, 2018 0.922% 6.42% 9 1.12% 9.24% 4
15-16 July 23, 2018 0.861% 6.726% 9 0.97% 9.07% 5
17-18 July 24, 2018 0.893% 6.571% 8 1.09% 9.76% 4
19-20 July 25, 2018 0.969% 7.042% 8 0.99% 8.6% 3
21-22 July 30, 2018 0.916% 6.876% 6 1% 8.92% 4
23-24 July 31, 2018 0.914% 6.792% 5 1.09% 9.31% 4
25-26 August 1, 2018 0.872% 6.584% 6 0.81% 7.21% 5
27-28 August 6, 2018 0.824% 6.46% 7 0.89% 8.07% 4
29-30 August 7, 2018 0.781% 6.058% 7 0.92% 7.92% 4
31-32 August 8, 2018 0.792% 6.027% 6 0.97% 8.61% 4
33-34 August 13, 2018 0.756% 5.808% 7 0.84% 7.59% 5
35-36 August 14, 2018 0.749% 5.771% 5 0.78% 7.22% 4
37-38 August 15, 2018 0.669% 5.325% 6 0.72% 6.66% 4
39-40 August 20, 2018 0.751% 5.879% 3 0.77% 7.31% 3
41-42 August 21, 2018 0.709% 5.595% 3 0.69% 6.33% 3
43-44 August 22, 2018 0.592% 4.336% 7 0.57% 5.1% 5
45-46 August 27, 2018
47-48 August 28, 2018
49-50 August 29, 2018
Average
—
—
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2018)[edit]
No. Overall
No. in Season
Original Airdate
Summary
1 1 July 9, 2018 Eighteen-year-old Shancai kicks off her first year at Ming De University with misadventures, drawing the ire of popular school heartthrob Daoming Si. She hopes to study nutrition to help her mother's business. Ming De University is dominated by a group of 4 popular boys, known as F4. As students rush to take pictures of F4, Daoming Si unknowingly steps and cracks the screen of Shancai's phone. A junior describes the talents of F4 and also the fear they instill in their peers, but Shancai still goes to confront Daoming Si, the one who stepped on her phone. Instead, she accidentally pushes Mr. Bobbitt, a visitor to the university and is sent home. Later, Daoming Si orders 20 boxes of takeout from Shancai's mother's business. After she arrives, they bicker, and it culminates with him smashing one of the boxes on her neck. Once she leaves, she is assaulted by 2 men and is saved by Huaze Lei, another member of F4. The next day, she returns to kick Daoming Si, right in the face, knocking him out. Daoming Si's friends in F4 carry him away and leave him tied up in toilet paper.
After sucking out DaoMing si with one kick that has made her famous through the entire school, Shancai is puzzled when two men in suits extend her with an invitation to DaoMing si's mansion. She wonders if it's a trick since the men claim that DaoMing si is ready to apologize, but she gets in the car anyway. Upon her arrival, an army of stylists flock to her and after much poking and scrubbing against her will, Shancai emerges all made up in a cute outfit.
43 43 August 22, 2018 Si was rushed to a hospital operating room in Shanghai after being stabbed. The ICPO informed Si’s friends and Shancai that the suspects were two previous Daoming hotel employees seeking revenge for losing their job after poor management forced the hotel to shut down. The ICPO also informed them that Xiaozi confessed that the kidnapping was part of a prank of hers. Xiamen admitted that they were invited by Xiaozi to her island for a party and only later found out that it was a prank.
Xiaozi arrived at the hospital after her police interrogation and apologized to Shancai. Mrs. Daoming arrived a while later with Mrs. Yu. After seeing Si safely, she scheduled a ride for the next flight back to London and left Mrs. Yu to care for Si. As Mrs. Daoming was leaving the hospital, she warned Shancai to stop seeing Si and told Xiaozi to stop befriending Shancai. Shancai retorted that she will stay with Si until he personally tells her that he does not want her.
Si’s surgery was a success, but a skull injury caused a blood vessel clog. When Si woke from his coma, he remembers everyone except Shancai. At Meizuo’s suggestion, Shancai starts recalling their memories together and begs him to remember her. After she declares her love and vows that she will never leave him, he reveals the joke, surprising everyone but Lei who suspected it. Seeing that Si was back to normal, Lei asks Mrs. Yu to go home and rest, requesting that she does not inform Mrs. Daoming yet about Si regaining consciousness. Mrs. Yu assures him that she will only inform Zhuang, Si’s sister, about Si’s condition.
Shancai returns to school and gained sudden popularity due to her media coverage during the attack on Si. After Si got discharged from the hospital, he decides to stay in Lei’s house to avoid his mother's attention. He tells Lei about his plan to marry Shancai and hints on a secret plan for a new concept for the Daoming group hotels. Meanwhile, Xiaoyou joins the Way of Tea club where she forms an immediate bond with a short-haired lady called Yifen.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Trailblazing idol drama Meteor Garden getting S$33-million reboot". The Straits Times. April 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "《流星花园》导演换人！疑因热恋陈意涵耽误拍摄". Sina (in Chinese). February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Meet the new F4 and Shancai in the 2018 Meteor Garden TV reboot". The Straits Times. November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "新版《流星花园》热拍 刘尹昊演杉菜男闺蜜青和". Tencent (in Chinese). December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "孙千"流星花园"饰小姿 "快把我哥带走"破次元壁". Netease (in Chinese). February 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ </cite web|url=http://ent.qq.com/a/20171211/018909.htm%7Ctitle=新版《流星花园》热拍 刘尹昊演杉菜男闺蜜青和|date=December 11, 2017|website=Tencent|language=zh}}
Jump up ^ "'Meteor Garden' reboot will be flashier, show creator says". ABS CBN. April 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "《流星花园》招募宣传片曝光 寻找F4全球计划启动！". ifeng (in Chinese). June 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "新版《流星花园》要翻拍了！四位主演已公开". Netease (in Chinese). November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "新《流星花园》F4亮相 沈月得知将演杉菜兴奋跑圈". Sina (in Chinese). November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ News, ABS-CBN. "'Meteor Garden' remake starring new F4 to air on ABS-CBN". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Meteor Garden 2018 Akan Tayang di TV Indonesia, Ini Trailer dan Daftar Pemainnya". Tribun Jateng (in Indonesian). 2018-06-01. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Viu Indonesia on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
External links[edit]
Meteor Garden on Baidu
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Split (2016 American film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Split
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
M. Night Shyamalan
Produced by
M. Night Shyamalan
Jason Blum
Marc Bienstock
Written by
M. Night Shyamalan
Starring
James McAvoy
Anya Taylor-Joy
Betty Buckley
Music by
West Dylan Thordson
Cinematography
Mike Gioulakis
Edited by
Luke Ciarrocchi
Production
company
Blinding Edge Pictures
Blumhouse Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26) (Fantastic Fest)
January 20, 2017 (2017-01-20) (United States)
Running time
117 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$9 million[2]
Box office
$278.5 million[2]
Split is a 2017 American psychological horror thriller film written, co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan[3] and starring James McAvoy, Anya Taylor-Joy, and Betty Buckley. The film follows a man with 23 different personalities who kidnaps and imprisons three teenage girls in an isolated underground facility. One of his darker personalities manifests within his psyche and results in his eventual transformation into a merciless and cannibalistic sociopath with superhuman abilities.
Principal photography began on November 11, 2015, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The film premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 26, 2016, and was released in the United States on January 20, 2017, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews, with McAvoy's performance earning high praise and some critics labeling it a welcome return for Shyamalan, although some criticized the film for its perceived stigmatization of mental illness. The film grossed $278 million worldwide on a budget of $9 million, with over 2,000% return on investment (ROI).
The film is a standalone sequel to the 2000 film Unbreakable, which was also written, produced, and directed by Shyamalan, and is the second installment in what has been referred to as the Eastrail 177 trilogy,[4][5][6][7][8][9] or the Unbreakable series. The film was not marketed as a sequel. The final part of the trilogy, titled Glass, is scheduled to be released in 2019, and will combine the casts and characters of both previous films.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release and reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
4.4 Controversy
5 Sequel
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Casey is a withdrawn teenager, having been molested as a child by her uncle John, her legal guardian. While hanging out with her classmates, Claire and Marcia, the three are kidnapped by Kevin Wendell Crumb, a man suffering from dissociative identity disorder (DID). Kevin is in therapy with Dr. Karen Fletcher, who has identified 23 distinct personalities within Kevin; in his mind, these personalities sit in chairs in a room, waiting for "Barry", the dominant personality, to grant them their turn "in the light" (in control). She has also found that Kevin's physiology changes with each personality. Recently, "Barry" has refused to allow "Dennis" or "Patricia" their turns, in part due to Dennis' tendencies towards bothering underage girls and Patricia's undesirable traits, and also because both appear to worship "The Beast", a yet-unseen 24th personality. Fletcher has found that she can bring back Kevin's own personality by speaking his full name.
Kevin locks the girls in a cell in his underground quarters. They recognize his DID, and Claire attempts to use this to escape but is caught by "Dennis" and segregated from the others. Kevin continues going to work and boosting Fletcher. Fletcher soon recognizes that "Dennis" has displaced "Barry" as the dominant personality. Kevin had experienced an awkward incident with two teenage girls, which Fletcher believes has triggered "Dennis" to take over and that he may have abducted the three missing girls.
Marcia attempts to escape but is caught by "Patricia". Casey befriends "Hedwig", a young boy. She convinces "Hedwig" to let her out of her cell to see his bedroom, believing that there might escape through the window "Hedwig" has described in that room, but she finds that it is only a drawing of a window. She takes a walkie-talkie from Hedwig and uses it to call for help, but the person at the other end thinks Casey is merely pulling a prank. "Patricia" takes over and subdues Casey.
Fletcher visits Kevin's home, where he reveals that he has met "The Beast". Fletcher feigns going to the bathroom, searches the house, and finds Claire. "Dennis" suddenly appears, sedates Fletcher and locks her up.
While Kevin runs an errand, "The Beast" takes over, giving Kevin super-human abilities. Fletcher writes Kevin's full name on a piece of paper before "The Beast" arrives and kills her. Casey escapes from her cell, only to find that "The Beast" has already eaten Marcia and watches in horror as he does the same to Claire.
Casey finds Dr. Fletcher's body and the piece of paper. "The Beast" approaches her, but she calls out Kevin's full name, bringing Kevin forth. Upon learning of the situation and realizing that he has not been in control for two years, Kevin instructs Casey to shoot him with the shotgun she has acquired. This prompts all 24 personalities to fight for control of "the light", but "The Beast" takes hold again. As Casey escapes into an underground tunnel, she shoots him twice, to no effect. She locks herself in a caged area whose bars "The Beast" begins to pull apart. He sees the faded scars across her body, a sign of her abuse. Having previously declared his plans to rid the world of the "untouched," those who have never suffered, he considers Casey to be "pure" and he runs off.
Casey is rescued and learns that she was being held at the Philadelphia Zoo, where Kevin had been an employee. When Casey is asked if she is ready to return home with her uncle, she hesitates to answer. In another hideout, "Dennis," "Patricia," and "Hedwig" discuss the power of "The Beast" and their plans to change the world.
In a diner, several patrons watch the television as a news correspondent reports that Kevin's numerous personalities have earned him the nickname "The Horde." A patron notes the similarity to the nickname of a wheelchair-bound criminal incarcerated 15 years earlier. As she tries to remember the nickname, the patron sitting next to her, revealed to be David Dunn, says it was "Mr. Glass."
Cast[edit]
James McAvoy as Kevin Wendell Crumb / The Horde: a sufferer of dissociative identity disorder (DID), who has 23 prominent personalities, each with something peculiar or dangerous for his captives. Kevin's body chemistry changes with each personality, resulting in his 24th and final personality, "The Beast": a grotesque and cannibalistic sociopath with super-human abilities, such as inhuman strength, enhanced speed and agility, along with near-invulnerability and unnatural mobility, which imbued him with the ability to scale walls, but resulted in his insatiable hunger for raw human flesh.
Anya Taylor-Joy as Casey Cooke, a young girl with a traumatic past and a history of self-harm, who is kidnapped by "Dennis", one of Kevin's personalities, to be sacrificed to the Beast.
Izzie Coffey plays a 5-year-old Casey.
Betty Buckley as Dr. Karen Fletcher, a psychologist who attempts to help Kevin with his DID, and believes that DID can, in extreme cases, cause physiological changes.
Haley Lu Richardson as Claire Benoit, Mr. Benoit's daughter, a classmate of Casey and a friend of Marcia, who is also kidnapped by "Dennis" to be sacrificed to the Beast.
Jessica Sula as Marcia, a classmate of Casey and a friend of Claire, who is also kidnapped by "Dennis" to be sacrificed to the Beast.
Brad William Henke as John, Casey's uncle.
Sebastian Arcelus as Mr. Cooke, Casey's father.
Neal Huff as Mr. Benoit, Claire's father.
Kim Director as Hannah
Lyne Renée as Academic Moderator
M. Night Shyamalan as Jai, a security guard in Dr. Fletcher's apartment building.
Rosemary Howard as Kevin's mother
Bruce Willis as David Dunn (uncredited cameo)
Production[edit]
Shyamalan conceived the idea for Split years before he actually wrote the screenplay. He explained, "In this case I had written the character a while ago, and I had written out a few scenes of it, so I even had dialogue written out, which is really unusual for me. It sat there for a long time, and I really don't have a clear reason why I didn't pull the trigger earlier. But this felt like the perfect time to do it, with the type of movies I'm doing now, and the type of tones I am interested in – humor and suspense."[10]
On October 2, 2015, James McAvoy was cast in the film to play the lead, replacing Joaquin Phoenix.[11] On October 12, 2015, Anya Taylor-Joy, Betty Buckley, Jessica Sula, and Haley Lu Richardson were added to the cast.[12] On October 27, 2015, Universal Pictures came on board to release the film and titled it as Split.[13]
The character of Kevin had been in one of the early drafts of Shyamalan's Unbreakable, but he had pulled the character out, stating there were balancing issues at that time. With Split, he brought in some of the scenes he had written for Unbreakable around Kevin.[14] The film ends with the appearance of Bruce Willis's character, David Dunn, from Unbreakable, who makes a comment in reference to the previous film, placing Unbreakable and Split within the same narrative universe. Shyamalan requested permission to incorporate the character from Walt Disney Studios, which had produced Unbreakable.[15] Shyamalan met with Sean Bailey about the use of the character; they came to a gentlemen's agreement where Bailey agreed to allow the use of the character in the film without a fee and Shyamalan promised that Disney would be involved in a sequel, if developed.[15] Shyamalan was very secretive of Willis' involvement in Split, removing the final scene from the film for test audiences.[14][14]
Principal photography on the film began on November 11, 2015, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[16][17] Reshoots occurred in June 2016.[18] During post-production, Sterling K. Brown's role as Shaw, Dr. Fletcher's neighbor, was cut from the film, as Shyamalan felt that his scenes were ultimately unnecessary.[19] McAvoy broke his hand in a scene where he was supposed to punch a metal door, but missed the soft section of the door he intended to hit.[20]
Release and reception[edit]
Split had its world premiere at Fantastic Fest on September 26, 2016.[21] It also screened at the AFI Fest on November 15, 2016.[22][23] The film was theatrically released on January 20, 2017, in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada.[24]
Split was released on Digital HD on April 4, 2017, and Blu-ray, DVD and On-Demand on April 18, 2017, by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.[25]
Box office[edit]
Split grossed $138.3 million in the United States and Canada and $140.2 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $278.5 million, against a production budget of $9 million.[2] Deadline Hollywood calculated the film made a net profit of $68.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[26] It had a gross profit of $105.1 million, with over 2,000% return on investment (ROI), making it the most profitable film of 2017.[27]
In North America, the film was released alongside the openings of xXx: Return of Xander Cage, The Resurrection of Gavin Stone and The Founder, as well as the wide expansions of 20th Century Women, and was initially expected to gross $20–25 million from 3,038 theaters in its opening weekend.[28] The film made $2 million from its Thursday night previews at 2,295 theaters, doubling the $1 million made by Shyamalan's The Visit in 2015, and $14.6 million on its first day, increasing weekend estimates to $30–37 million.[29] It ended up opening to $40.2 million, finishing first at the box office.[30] In its second weekend the film made $26.3 million, again topping the box office.[31] In its third week the film again topped the box office with $14.6 million, becoming the first Shyamalan film to finish at number one for three straight weeks since The Sixth Sense in 1999.[32]
Critical response[edit]
On the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 76% based on 257 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Split serves as a dramatic tour de force for James McAvoy in multiple roles – and finds writer-director M. Night Shyamalan returning resoundingly to thrilling form."[33] Metacritic reports a weighted average score 62 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[34] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale,[35] while comScore reported filmgoers gave it a 78% overall positive score and a 54% "definite recommend".[36]
Jordan Hoffman of The Guardian gave the film four stars out of five, stating it to be a "masterful blend of Hitchcock, horror and therapy session."[37] Also writing for The Guardian, Steve Rose had strong praise for McAvoy's role, saying that "he does a fine and fearless job of selling his character's varied personae." He commended his ability to switch personalities in one scene toward the end of the film, saying: "It's a little like the T-1000 at the end of Terminator 2. But there are no special effects here, just acting."[38]
The film has been referred to as the first supervillain origin story; the first time a film has been completely devoted to the origins of a villain as opposed to the origins of the superhero.[39][40]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)
London Film Critics' Circle January 22, 2017 Young British/Irish Performer of the Year Anya Taylor-Joy (also for Morgan and The Witch) Nominated [41]
MTV Movie & TV Awards May 7, 2017 Best Actor in a Movie James McAvoy Nominated [42]
Saturn Awards June 28, 2017 Best Thriller Film Split Nominated [43]
Best Supporting Actress Betty Buckley Nominated
Teen Choice Awards August 13, 2017 Choice Movie: Villain James McAvoy Nominated [44]
San Diego Film Critics Society December 11, 2017 Best Actor James McAvoy Won [45]
[46]
Seattle Film Critics Society December 18, 2017 Villain of the Year James McAvoy (as Dennis & The Horde) Won [47]
Casting Society of America January 18, 2018 Studio or Independent – Drama Douglas Aibel, Diane Heery, Jason Loftus and Henry Russell Bergstein Nominated [48]
Empire Awards March 18, 2018 Best Horror Split Nominated [49]
[50]
Controversy[edit]
Split garnered controversy for its alleged stigmatization of mental illness.[51] The Australian mental health charity SANE stated, "Films like this are going to reinforce a false stereotypical notion that people living with complex mental illnesses are inherently dangerous and violent."[52] The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation issued a statement debunking the stereotype of dangerous dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients, and criticizing how the film was made "at the expense of a vulnerable population that struggles to be recognized and receive the effective treatment that they deserve."[53] Some with dissociative identity disorder spoke out against the film (and its marketing) for the representation of multiple personalities as frightening and/or violent, including in an open letter to the director.[54][55]
In his article in The Guardian, Steve Rose cited Simone Reinders, a neuroscientist studying DID at King’s College London in collaboration with universities in the Netherlands, who stated, "Movies such as Split can be extremely damaging. They make it seem as if patients with DID are extremely violent and prone to doing bad things. This is actually not true and it very badly misrepresents the psychiatric disorder. Individuals with DID definitely do not have a tendency to be violent; more a tendency to hide their mental health problems. I’m very concerned about the effects that the movie will have for patients with DID, and how the general public will now see these patients. There’s already a lot of stigma and scepticism concerning this specific disorder.”[56]
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Glass (2019 film)
Shyamalan expressed hope for a third installment following Split, saying, "I hope [a third Unbreakable film happens]. The answer is yes. I'm just such a wimp sometimes. I don't know what's going to happen when I go off in my room, a week after this film opens, to write the script. But I'm going to start writing. [I have] a really robust outline, which is pretty intricate. But now the standards for my outlines are higher. I need to know I've won already. I'm almost there but I'm not quite there."[57] He explained that the final scene from Split was David's realization that Mr. Glass from the first film was right; there are superpowered people in the world.[58] Disney, which produced Unbreakable through its Touchstone Pictures division, is expected to be a production partner and have financial participation with Universal for the sequel.[15]
After positive reviews of Split and its critical and financial success, Shyamalan confirmed his next film will be the sequel film that follows the Unbreakable-Split narrative, the final part of the "Eastrail 177 Trilogy"[59][60][61][62] In April 2017, Shyamalan revealed that he was nearing completion on the script for the next film.[63] On April 26, 2017, Shyamalan revealed on his Twitter page that the script was completed, and that the sequel will be titled Glass,[64][65] which is scheduled to be released on January 18, 2019.[66]
The cast will include returning actors from both films: Bruce Willis, Samuel L. Jackson, Spencer Treat Clark, and Charlayne Woodard from Unbreakable; and James McAvoy and Anya Taylor-Joy from Split will all reprise their respective roles in Glass.[66][67] Sarah Paulson will be joining the cast as a new character.[68] The film will focus on Dunn (Willis) chasing down Crumb (McAvoy) in his Beast persona.[67]
Following a week of rehearsals, principal production commenced on October 2, 2017 in Philadelphia.[69]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Busch, Caitlin (November 20, 2017). "Samuel L. Jackson Has Finished the 'Split' Sequel, But It's Not Over Yet". Inverse.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Couch, Aaron (January 22, 2017). "'Split': M. Night Shyamalan Explains an Ending Years in the Making". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
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External links[edit]
Official website
Split on IMDb
Split at AllMovie
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Films directed by M. Night Shyamalan
Praying with Anger (1992)
Wide Awake (1998)
The Sixth Sense (1999)
Unbreakable (2000)
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The Village (2004)
Lady in the Water (2006)
The Happening (2008)
The Last Airbender (2010)
After Earth (2013)
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