text:
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the 2005 film adaptation, see Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film). For the book, see Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mel Stuart
Produced by
Stan Margulies
David L. Wolper
Screenplay by
Roald Dahl
Based on
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
by Roald Dahl
Starring
Gene Wilder
Jack Albertson
Peter Ostrum
Roy Kinnear
Julie Dawn Cole
Leonard Stone
Denise Nickerson
Dodo Denney
Paris Themmen
Music by
Leslie Bricusse
Anthony Newley
Walter Scharf
Cinematography
Arthur Ibbetson
Edited by
David Saxon
Production
company
Wolper Pictures
The Quaker Oats Company
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures[a]
Release date
June 30, 1971 (1971-06-30) (United States)
Running time
99 minutes[1]
Country
United States[2]
Language
English
Budget
$3 million[3]
Box office
$4 million[3]
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film.[4][5]
The film tells the story of Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory with four other children from around the world. Filming took place in Munich in 1970, and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30, 1971. With a budget of just $3 million, the film received generally positive reviews and earned $4 million by the end of its original run. The film became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales.[6] In 1972, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost both to Fiddler on the Roof. The film also introduced the song "The Candy Man", which went on to become a popular hit when recorded by Sammy Davis Jr. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Oompa Loompas
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Promotion
4 Reception
4.1 Dahl's reaction
5 Animated adaptation
6 Home media
7 Music
8 Soundtrack
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Plot[edit]
In a small town, Charlie Bucket, a poor paperboy, watches a group of children visit a candy shop. Walking home, he passes Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. A mysterious tinker recites the first lines of William Allingham's poem "The Fairies", and tells Charlie, "Nobody ever goes in, and nobody ever comes out." Charlie rushes home to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents. After telling Grandpa Joe about the tinker, Joe reveals that Wonka locked the factory because other candy makers, including rival Arthur Slugworth, sent in spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared, but after three years resumed selling candy; the origin of Wonka's labor force is unknown.
The next day, Wonka announces that he hid five "Golden Tickets" in chocolate Wonka Bars. Finders of the tickets will receive a factory tour and a lifetime supply of chocolate. The first four tickets are found by the gluttonous Augustus Gloop, the spoiled Veruca Salt, the gum-chewing Violet Beauregarde, and the television-obsessed Mike Teevee. As each winner is announced on TV, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens two Wonka Bars but finds no Golden Ticket. The newspapers announce the fifth ticket was found by a millionaire in Paraguay causing Charlie to lose hope. The next day, Charlie finds money in a sewer and uses it to buy a Scrumdiddlyumptious bar. With the change, he buys another Wonka Bar for Joe. Walking home, as Charlie hears people reading the newspapers; revealing that the Paraguayan millionaire's ticket is a fake, he opens the Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket. While rushing home, he encounters the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers a reward for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper.
Returning home with the Golden Ticket, Charlie chooses Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Wonka greets the ticket winners and leads them inside where each signs a contract before the tour. The factory includes a river of chocolate, edible mushrooms, lickable wallpaper, and other sweets and inventions. As the visitors sample these, they see Wonka's workers, small men known as Oompa-Loompas. Augustus falls into the chocolate river and is sucked up a pipe to the Fudge Room. In the Inventing Room, everyone receives an Everlasting Gobstopper. Violet becomes a large blueberry after chewing an experimental gum containing a three-course meal, over Wonka's warnings. The group reaches the Fizzy Lifting Drinks Room, where Charlie and Joe ignore Wonka's warning and sample the drinks. They float and have a near-fatal encounter with an exhaust fan before burping back to the ground. In the Chocolate Eggs Room, Veruca demands a golden goose for herself before falling into a garbage chute leading to the furnace, with her father falling in trying to rescue her. The group tests out Wonka's Wonkavision, only for Mike to teleport himself and become a few inches tall.
With Charlie and Joe remaining, Wonka says they are not getting anything because they violated the contract by stealing the Fizzy Lifting Drinks. Infuriated by this, Joe suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper in revenge, but Charlie returns the candy back to Wonka. With this selfless act, Wonka declares Charlie as the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is actually Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of Wonka, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a morality test which only Charlie passed. The trio enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that flies out of the factory. Soaring over the city, Wonka reveals that his actual prize is the factory; Wonka created the contest to find an heir worthy enough, and so Charlie and his family can immediately move in. Wonka then reminds Charlie not to forget about the man who suddenly received everything he ever wanted. Charlie asks, "What happened?" to which Wonka replies, "He lived happily ever after."
Cast[edit]
The main cast.
Back row (left to right): Michael Bollner, Ursula Reit, Gene Wilder
Front row (left to right): Leonard Stone, Denise Nickerson, Roy Kinnear, Julie Dawn Cole, Dodo Denny, Paris Themmen, Peter Ostrum, Jack Albertson
Main article: List of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory characters
Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka
Jack Albertson as Grandpa Joe
Peter Ostrum as Charlie Bucket
Roy Kinnear as Henry Salt
Julie Dawn Cole as Veruca Salt
Leonard Stone as Sam Beauregarde
Denise Nickerson as Violet Beauregarde
Dodo Denney as Mrs. Teevee
Paris Themmen as Mike Teevee
Ursula Reit as Mrs. Gloop
Michael Bollner as Augustus Gloop
Diana Sowle as Mrs. Bucket
Aubrey Woods as Bill, the Candy Shop owner
David Battley as Mr. Turkentine
Günter Meisner as Arthur Slugworth/Mr. Wilkinson
Peter Capell as The Tinker
Werner Heyking as Mr. Jopeck
Peter Stuart as Winkelmann
Oompa Loompas[edit]
Rusty Goffe
Rudy Borgstaller
George Claydon
Malcolm Dixon
Ismed Hassan
Norman McGlen
Angelo Muscat
Pepe Poupee
Marcus Powell
Albert Wilkinson
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The idea for adapting the book into a film came about when director Mel Stuart's ten-year-old daughter read the book and asked her father to make a film out of it, with "Uncle Dave" (producer David L. Wolper) producing it. Stuart showed the book to Wolper, who happened to be in the midst of talks with the Quaker Oats Company regarding a vehicle to introduce a new candy bar from its Chicago-based Breaker Confections subsidiary (since renamed the Willy Wonka Candy Company and sold to Nestlé). Wolper persuaded the company, which had no previous experience in the film industry, to buy the rights to the book and finance the picture for the purpose of promoting a new Quaker Oats Wonka Bar.[7]
It was agreed that the film would be a children's musical, and that Dahl himself would write the screenplay.[7] However, the title was changed to Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory.
Screenwriter David Seltzer conceived a gimmick exclusively for the film that had Wonka quoting numerous literary sources, such as Arthur O'Shaughnessy's Ode, Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Seltzer also worked Slugworth (only mentioned as a rival candy maker in the book) into the plot as an actual character (only to be revealed to be Wilkinson, one of Wonka's agents, at the end of the film).[7]
Casting[edit]
All six members of Monty Python: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones and Michael Palin, expressed interest in playing Wonka, but at the time they were deemed not big enough names for an international audience. Three of the members, Cleese, Idle and Palin, were later seriously considered for the same role in Tim Burton's version.[8][9]
Before Wilder was officially cast for the role, producers considered Fred Astaire, Joel Grey, Ron Moody and Jon Pertwee.[9][10] Spike Milligan was Roald Dahl's original choice to play Willy Wonka.[9] Peter Sellers even begged Dahl for the role.[11]
When Wilder was cast for the role, he accepted it on one condition:
When I make my first entrance, I'd like to come out of the door carrying a cane and then walk toward the crowd with a limp. After the crowd sees Willy Wonka is a cripple, they all whisper to themselves and then become deathly quiet. As I walk toward them, my cane sinks into one of the cobblestones I'm walking on and stands straight up, by itself; but I keep on walking, until I realize that I no longer have my cane. I start to fall forward, and just before I hit the ground, I do a beautiful forward somersault and bounce back up, to great applause.
—  Gene Wilder[12]
The reason why Wilder wanted this in the film was that "from that time on, no one will know if I'm lying or telling the truth."[12]
Jean Stapleton turned down the role of Mrs. Teevee.[13][14] Jim Backus was considered for the role of Sam Beauregarde.[15] Sammy Davis, Jr. wanted to play Bill, the candy store owner, but Stuart did not like the idea because he felt that the presence of a big star in the candy store scene would break the reality.[8] Nevertheless, Davis' recording of the film's opening musical number, "The Candy Man," would top the Billboard magazine record charts in 1972, despite the fact that Davis initially hated the song. Anthony Newley also wanted to play Bill, but Stuart also objected to this for the same reason.[15]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography commenced on August 31, 1970, and ended on November 19, 1970. The primary shooting location was Munich, Bavaria, West Germany, because it was significantly cheaper than filming in the United States and the setting was conducive to Wonka's factory; Stuart also liked the ambiguity and unfamiliarity of the location. External shots of the factory were filmed at the gasworks of Stadtwerke München (Emmy-Noether-Straße 10); the entrance and side buildings still exist. The exterior of Charlie Bucket's house, which was only a set constructed for the film, was filmed at Quellenstraße in Munich, Bavaria. Charlie's school was filmed at Katholisches Pfarramt St. Sylvester, Biedersteiner Straße 1 in Munich. Bill's Candy Shop was filmed at Lilienstraße, Munich. The closing sequence when the Wonkavator is flying above the factory is footage of Nördlingen in Bavaria.
Munich Gasworks as it appears today (building on the left)
Munich Gasworks as it appears today
Nördlingen, the town seen from above at the end of the film
Production designer Harper Goff centered the factory on the massive Chocolate Room. According to Paris Themmen, who played Mike Teevee, "The river was made of water with food coloring. At one point, they poured some cocoa powder into it to try to thicken it but it didn't really work. When asked this question, Michael Böllner, who played Augustus Gloop, answers, 'It vas dirty, stinking vater.'"[16]
When interviewed for the 30th anniversary special edition, Gene Wilder stated that he enjoyed working with most of the child actors, but said that he and the crew had some problems with Paris Themmen, claiming that he was "a handful".[17]
Promotion[edit]
Before its release, the film received advance publicity though TV commercials offering a "Willy Wonka candy factory kit" for sending $1.00 and two seals from boxes of Quaker cereals such as King Vitaman, Life and any of the Cap'n Crunch brands.[18]
Reception[edit]
Willy Wonka was released on June 30, 1971. The film was not a big success, being the 53rd highest-grossing film of the year in the U.S., earning just over $2.1 million on its opening weekend.[19] It received positive reviews from critics such as Roger Ebert who gave the film a four out of four stars, while comparing it to The Wizard of Oz. Ebert said, "All of this is preface to a simple statement: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory is probably the best film of its sort since The Wizard of Oz. It is everything that family movies usually claim to be, but aren't: Delightful, funny, scary, exciting, and, most of all, a genuine work of imagination. “Willy Wonka” is such a surely and wonderfully spun fantasy that it works on all kinds of minds, and it is fascinating because, like all classic fantasy, it is fascinated with itself."[20]
By the mid-1980s, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory had experienced a spike in popularity thanks in large part to repeated television broadcasts and home video sales. Following a 25th anniversary theatrical re-release in 1996, it was released on DVD the next year, allowing it to reach a new generation of viewers. The film was released as a remastered special edition on DVD and VHS in 2001 to commemorate the film's 30th anniversary. In 2003, Entertainment Weekly ranked it 25th in the "Top 50 Cult Movies" of all time.
Willy Wonka was ranked No. 74 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments[21] for the "scary tunnel" scene.
As of 2017, the film holds a 91% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 7.7/10 based on 42 reviews. The site's critical consensus states: "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is strange yet comforting, full of narrative detours that don't always work but express the film's uniqueness".[22]
Dahl's reaction[edit]
Dahl disowned the film, the script of which was partially rewritten by David Seltzer after Dahl failed to meet deadlines. Dahl said he was "disappointed" because "he thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie", as well as the casting of Gene Wilder instead of Spike Milligan.[23] Dahl was also "infuriated" by the deviations in the plot Seltzer devised in his draft of the screenplay, including the conversion of Slugworth, a minor character in the book, into a spy (so that the film could have a villain) and the "fizzy lifting drinks" scene along with music other than the original Oompa Loompa compositions (including "Pure Imagination" and "The Candy Man"), and the ending dialogue for the movie.[24] In 1996, Dahl's second wife Felicity commented on her husband's objections towards the film saying "they always want to change a book's storyline. What makes Hollywood think children want the endings changed for a film, when they accept it in a book?"[23]
Animated adaptation[edit]
Main article: Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory
In 2017, an animated adaptation of the film with Tom and Jerry was released. Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory stars JP Karliak as Willy Wonka and is dedicated to Gene Wilder, who died less than a year before the release.
Home media[edit]
The film was first released on DVD in 1997/1999 in a "25th anniversary edition"[25] as a double sided disc containing a widescreen and "standard" version. The "standard" version is an open matte print, where the mattes used to make the image widescreen are removed, revealing information originally intended to be hidden from viewers.[26] VHS and Betamax copies were also available, but only containing the "standard" version.
A special edition DVD was released, celebrating the film's 30th anniversary, on August 28, 2001, but in fullscreen only. Due to the lack of a letterboxed release, fan petitioning eventually led Warner Home Video to issue a widescreen version on November 13, 2001. It was also released on VHS, with only one of the special features (a making-of feature). Several original cast members reunited to film documentary footage for this special edition DVD release. The two editions featured restored sound, and better picture quality. In addition to the documentary, the DVD included a trailer, a gallery, and audio commentary by the cast.
In 2007, Warner Home Video released the film on HD DVD with all the bonus features from the 2001 DVD.[27] The film was released on Blu-ray on October 20, 2009.[28] It includes all the bonus features from the 2001 DVD and 2007 HD-DVD as well as a 38-page book.
In 2011, a new deluxe-40th-anniversary edition Blu-ray/DVD set was released on November 1, consisting of the film on Blu-ray Disc and DVD as well as a bonus features disc. The set also included a variety of rarities such as a Wonka Bar-designed tin, four scented pencils, a scented eraser, a book detailing the making of the film, original production papers and a Golden Ticket to win a trip to Los Angeles. The set is now out of print.[29]
Music[edit]
The Academy Award-nominated original score and songs were composed by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, and musical direction was by Walter Scharf. The soundtrack was first released by Paramount Records in 1971. On October 8, 1996, Hip-O Records (in conjunction with MCA Records, which by then owned the Paramount catalog), released the soundtrack on CD as a "25th Anniversary Edition".
The music and songs, in order of appearance, are:
"Main Title" – Instrumental medley of "(I've Got A) Golden Ticket" and "Pure Imagination"
"The Candy Man" – Aubrey Woods
"Cheer Up, Charlie" – Diana Lee (dubbing over Diana Sowle)
"(I've Got A) Golden Ticket" – Jack Albertson and Peter Ostrum
"Pure Imagination" – Gene Wilder
"Oompa Loompa (Augustus)" – The Oompa Loompas
"The Wondrous Boat Ride"/"The Rowing Song" – Gene Wilder
"Oompa Loompa (Violet)" – The Oompa Loompas
"I Want It Now!" – Julie Dawn Cole
"Oompa Loompa (Veruca)" – The Oompa Loompas
"Ach, so fromm" (alternately titled "M'appari", from Martha) – Gene Wilder
"Oompa Loompa (Mike)" – The Oompa Loompas
"End Credits" – "Pure Imagination"
Soundtrack[edit]
The track listing for the soundtrack is as follows:
"Main Title" ("Golden Ticket"/"Pure Imagination")
"The Candy Man"
"Charlie's Paper Run"
"Cheer Up Charlie"
"Lucky Charlie"
"(I've Got A) Golden Ticket"
"Pure Imagination"
"Oompa Loompa"
"The Wondrous Boat Ride"
"Everlasting Gobstoppers/Oompa Loompa"
"The Bubble Machine"
"I Want It Now/Oompa Loompa"
"Wonkamobile, Wonkavision/Oompa Loompa"
"Wonkavator/End Title" ("Pure Imagination")
See also[edit]
Film portal
1970s portal
List of American films of 1971
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Because Paramount Pictures decided not to renew distribution rights, the film rights were transferred to Warner Bros. in 1977, when Wolper Pictures, Ltd. was bought by the company and Quaker Oats sold its share of the film
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (U)". British Board of Film Classification. August 20, 1971. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)".
^ Jump up to: a b "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) - Financial Information". The-numbers.com. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why Roald Dahl Hated The Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory Film". yahoo. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Liz Buckingham, trustee for the Roald Dahl Museum, quoted in Tom Bishop: "Willy Wonka's Everlasting Film Plot", BBC News, July 2005
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c J.M. Kenny (Writer, Director, Producer) (2001). Pure Imagination: The Story of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (DVD). USA: Warner Home Video. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Paur, Joey. "25 Fun Facts About Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory". Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Honeybone, Nigel (April 25, 2012). "Film Review: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971)". Retrieved July 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Segal, David (March 28, 2005). "Gene Wilder: It Hurts to Laugh". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Evans, Bradford (January 31, 2013). "The Lost Roles of Peter Sellers". Splitsider. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Perkins, Will. "Gene Wilder's Willy Wonka Demands Revealed". Yahoo.com. Yahoo. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jean Stapleton Dies: Top 10 Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. June 1, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chandler, Ed (June 3, 2013). "Five Things You Should Know About Jean Stapleton". Retrieved July 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971): Notes". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "ParisThemmenAMA comments on I am Paris Themmen. I played Mike Teevee in the original Willy Wonka. AMA!". Reddit.com. September 2, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stuart, Mel; Young, Josh (November 1, 2001). Pure Imagination: The Making of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312287771.
Jump up ^ robatsea2009 (December 19, 2011). "Willy Wonka Candy Factory 1971 TV commercial" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory: Box Office Data, DVD and Blu-ray Sales, Movie News, Cast and Crew Information". The-numbers.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1971). "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory". RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bravo's 'The 100 Scariest Movie Moments'". Archived from the original on August 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at Rotten Tomatoes
^ Jump up to: a b Bishop, Tom (July 11, 2005). "Willy Wonka's Everlasting Film Plot". BBC News. Retrieved January 29, 2014. He thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie," said Liz Attenborough, trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre in Buckinghamshire. "For him the book was about Charlie.
Jump up ^ Pure Imagination: The Story of "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory". Two Dog Productions Inc. 2001.
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)". Dvdmg.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory: 30th Anniversary Edition (1971)". Dvdmg.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (HD DVD) - IGN". Dvd.ign.com. June 6, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "News: Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory (US-BD)". DVDActive.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Cook, Tommy (November 1, 2011). "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory 40th Anniversary Box Set Blu-ray Review". Collider.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory on IMDb
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at the TCM Movie Database
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at Rotten Tomatoes
The AFI Catalog of Feature Films..Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory
[show]
v
t
e
Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Books
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator
Films
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
soundtrack
Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory
Characters
Willy Wonka
Theater
Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka (2004 musical)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2013 musical)
The Golden Ticket
Music
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"Pure Imagination"
"The Candy Man"
Miscellaneous
The Ride
Video games
Wonka Bar
Everlasting Gobstopper
Primus & the Chocolate Factory with the Fungi Ensemble
The Willy Wonka Candy Company
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Mel Stuart
Four Days in November (1964)
If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium (1969)
I Love My Wife (1970)
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)
One Is a Lonely Number (1972)
Wattstax (1973)
Mean Dog Blues (1978)
The Triangle Factory Fire Scandal (1979)
The White Lions (1981)
[show]
v
t
e
Roald Dahl
Children's fiction
The Gremlins (1943)
James and the Giant Peach (1961)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964)
The Magic Finger (1966)
Fantastic Mr Fox (1970)
Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator (1972)
Danny, the Champion of the World (1975)
The Enormous Crocodile (1978)
The Twits (1980)
George's Marvellous Medicine (1981)
The BFG (1982)
The Witches (1983)
The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me (1985)
Matilda (1988)
Esio Trot (1990)
The Vicar of Nibbleswicke (1991)
The Minpins (1991)
Children's poetry
Revolting Rhymes (1982)
Dirty Beasts (1983)
Rhyme Stew (1989)
Adult novels
Sometime Never: A Fable for Supermen (1948)
My Uncle Oswald (1979)
Adult short story
collections
Over to You: Ten Stories of Flyers and Flying (1946)
Someone Like You (1953)
Kiss Kiss (1960)
Lamb to the Slaughter (1953)
Switch Bitch (1974)
The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More (1977)
The Best of Roald Dahl (1978)
Tales of the Unexpected (1979)
More Tales of the Unexpected (1980)
The Roald Dahl Omnibus (1986)
Two Fables (1986)
Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl (1989)
The Collected Short Stories of Roald Dahl (1991)
The Roald Dahl Treasury (1997)
The Great Automatic Grammatizator (1998)
Skin and Other Stories (2000)
Roald Dahl: Collected Stories (2006)
Non-fiction
The Mildenhall Treasure (1946)
Boy: Tales of Childhood (1984)
Going Solo (1986)
Memories with Food at Gipsy House (1991)
Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety (1991)
My Year (1993)
Film adaptations
36 Hours (1965)
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)
Danny, the Champion of the World (1989)
The BFG (1989)
The Witches (1990)
Four Rooms (1995)
James and the Giant Peach (1996)
Matilda (1996)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005)
Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009)
Roald Dahl's Esio Trot (2015)
The BFG (2016)
Revolting Rhymes (2016)
Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (2017)
Film scripts
The Bells of Hell Go Ting-a-ling-a-ling (1966, unfinished)
You Only Live Twice (1967)
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968)
The Night Digger (1971)
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)
Television series
'Way Out (1961)
Tales of the Unexpected (1979–88)
Musicals and plays
The Honeys (1955)
James and the Giant Peach (2010)
Matilda (2010)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2013)
Fantastic Mr Fox (2016)
See also
Quentin Blake
Roald Dahl bibliography
Roald Dahl short stories bibliography
Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories (1983)
List of Tales of the Unexpected episodes
Related
Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre
Roald Dahl Children's Gallery
Patricia Neal (wife)
Tessa Dahl (daughter)
Ophelia Dahl (daughter)
Lucy Dahl (daughter)
Sophie Dahl (granddaughter)
Phoebe Dahl (granddaughter)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willy_Wonka_%26_the_Chocolate_Factory&oldid=843328348"
Categories:
1971 films
English-language films
Willy Wonka
American films
1970s musical films
1970s fantasy films
American children's fantasy films
American musical films
Compositions by Leslie Bricusse
Films about children
Films about food and drink
Films based on British novels
Films based on children's books
Films based on fantasy novels
Films based on works by Roald Dahl
Films directed by Mel Stuart
Films set in Europe
Films shot in Bavaria
Musical fantasy films
Quaker Oats Company
Screenplays by Roald Dahl
Size change in fiction
United States National Film Registry films
The Wolper Organization films
Paramount Pictures films
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from April 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Български
Català
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
18 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 May 2018, at 12:12.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award
mw-redirect
Academy Award

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy

values: List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters

values:
/wiki/Grandpa_Joe
mw-redirect
Grandpa Joe

values:
/wiki/Charlie_Bucket
mw-redirect
Charlie Bucket

values:
/wiki/Veruca_Salt_(character)
mw-redirect
Veruca Salt (character)

values:
/wiki/Violet_Beauregarde
mw-redirect
Violet Beauregarde

values:
/wiki/Mike_Teavee
mw-redirect
Mike Teavee

values:
/wiki/Augustus_Gloop
mw-redirect
Augustus Gloop

values:
/wiki/Sammy_Davis,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Sammy Davis, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Billboard_magazine
mw-redirect
Billboard magazine

values:
/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)
mw-redirect
Bravo (US TV channel)

values:
/wiki/Oompa_Loompa
mw-redirect
Oompa Loompa

values:
/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc
mw-redirect
Blu-ray Disc

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0401736/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dvdmg.com/willywonka.shtml

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dvdmg.com/willywonkase.shtml

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: q:Special:Search/Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory

values: commons:Category:Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067992/
external text

values: Template:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

values: Template talk:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

values: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise)

values: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (soundtrack)

values: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical)

values: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: The Ride

values: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory video games

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Over to You: Ten Stories of Flyers and Flying

values: Someone Like You (short story collection)

values: Tales of the Unexpected (short story collection)

values: The Collected Short Stories of Roald Dahl

values: List of Tales of the Unexpected episodes

values: Category:American children's fantasy films

values: Category:Compositions by Leslie Bricusse

values: Category:Films based on children's books

values: Category:Films based on works by Roald Dahl

values: Category:United States National Film Registry films

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: ويلي ونكا ومصنع الشيكولاتة (فيلم) – Arabic

values: Уили Уонка и шоколадовата фабрика – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Welsh

values: Charlie og chokoladefabrikken (film fra 1971) – Danish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Charlie und die Schokoladenfabrik (1971) – German

values: Willy Wonka ja šokolaadivabrik – Estonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Spanish

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) – Esperanto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Basque

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: ویلی وانکا و کارخانه شکلات‌سازی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Charlie et la Chocolaterie (film, 1971) – French

values: Willy Wonka e a fábrica de chocolate – Galician

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Indonesian

values: Willy Wonka og súkkulaðiverksmiðjan (kvikmynd 1971) – Icelandic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka e la fabbrica di cioccolato – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: וילי וונקה ומפעל השוקולד – Hebrew

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Dutch

values: 夢のチョコレート工場 – Japanese

values: Charlie og sjokoladefabrikken (1971) – Norwegian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka i fabryka czekolady – Polish

values: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory – Portuguese

values: Вилли Вонка и шоколадная фабрика – Russian

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Serbo-Croatian

values: Jali ja suklaatehdas (vuoden 1971 elokuva) – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka och chokladfabriken – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory – Turkish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Willy_Wonka_the_Chocolate_Factory rootpage-Willy_Wonka_the_Chocolate_Factory skin-vector action-view


text:
Billy Johnson (gridiron football)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Billy Johnson
No. 81, 84, 88
Position:
Wide receiver, return specialist
Personal information
Date of birth:
(1952-01-27) January 27, 1952 (age 65)
Place of birth:
Boothwyn, Pennsylvania
Height:
5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)
Weight:
170 lb (77 kg)
Career information
High school:
Chichester High School
College:
Widener
NFL Draft:
1974 / Round: 15 / Pick: 365
Career history
Houston Oilers (1974–1980)
Montreal Alouettes (1981)
Atlanta Falcons (1982–1987)
Washington Redskins (1988)
Career highlights and awards
3× Pro Bowl (1975, 1977, 1983)
3× First-team All-Pro (1975, 1977, 1983)
NFL Comeback Player of the Year (1983)
NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
NFL 1970s All-Decade Team
NFL 1980s All-Decade Team
Career NFL statistics
Punt return yards:
3,317
Kickoff return yards:
2,941
Return touchdowns:
8
Receptions:
337
Receiving yards:
4,211
Receiving touchdowns:
25
Player stats at NFL.com
Player stats at PFR
College Football Hall of Fame
William Arthur Johnson (born January 27, 1952), better known as Billy "White Shoes" Johnson, is a former American football player who played in the National Football League (NFL) from 1974 through 1988. He is known for being one of the first players to display elaborate celebrations in the end zone.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Professional career
2.1 Houston Oilers
2.2 CFL and the Atlanta Falcons
3 Coaching career
4 Honors
5 Softball career
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Johnson earned his famous nickname as a high schooler at Chichester High School in Boothwyn, Pennsylvania, where he dyed his shoes as part of a dare.[1] Ever since then, he has been referred to by his nickname. He was a very fast athlete, but his 5'9" size turned off prominent universities from recruiting him. Billy ended up going to Widener College in Pennsylvania, a small Division III school, where he was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity. While there, he had a highly successful career, but was barely noticed by professional scouts. He was eventually discovered by the Houston Oilers, who drafted him in the fifteenth round of the 1974 NFL Draft.
Professional career[edit]
Houston Oilers[edit]
Johnson made the squad as a kickoff returner, with his speed and quickness becoming an occasional part of the offense. As a rookie, he began celebrating touchdowns with a dance known as the "Funky Chicken", a dance based on a song from soul singer Rufus Thomas.[2] It was one of the first touchdown celebrations in league history.[2] The dances, along with his footwear, made Johnson popular among Oilers fans.
As a kick returner, Johnson returned five punts for touchdowns, along with two kickoffs, in his first four years with the Oilers, and added 12 more touchdowns on offense. He was selected to the Pro Bowl as a kick returner in 1975, and was named MVP of the game, during which he returned a punt 90 yards for a touchdown. He made another Pro Bowl appearance in 1977. In 1978, he suffered a knee injury that caused him to miss most of the next two seasons and lingered with him for the rest of his career. When he returned in 1980, he was no longer the kick returner, serving only as a backup wide receiver.
CFL and the Atlanta Falcons[edit]
Johnson played the 1981 season in the Canadian Football League with the Montreal Alouettes, where he was a star on a team that went 3-13; he caught 65 passes for 1,060 yards and 5 TDs, and returned 59 punts for 597 yards (fellow NFL players Vince Ferragamo, James Scott and David Overstreet were teammates.) He returned to the NFL with the Atlanta Falcons in 1982. In 1983, he doubled as a full-time kick returner, where he scored his sixth career touchdown on a punt return, and starting wide receiver, leading the team in receptions. Johnson earned his third Pro Bowl berth that season. He missed most of 1984 due to injury, and was benched as a return man in 1985. He was also forced to curtail his end zone dances after the NFL instituted a rule against "excessive and premeditated celebration".[3] However, he led the Falcons in receptions and receiving yards that season. Another injury in 1986 was the beginning of the end for Johnson, and he retired after the 1987 season, although he briefly un-retired to play one game for the Washington Redskins in 1988.
He remains the only man selected to the National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team not in the Hall of Fame.
Coaching career[edit]
Johnson is currently an assistant varsity football coach at Duluth High School in Duluth, Georgia.[4]
Honors[edit]
In 1994, Johnson was selected as the punt returner on the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team.[5] His days at Widener have also earned him a selection into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Softball career[edit]
During 1978, Johnson appeared in 25 games for the Philadelphia Athletics of the American Professional Slo-Pitch softball league, hitting four home runs with a batting average of .349.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Billy 'White Shoes' Johnson talks about his faith" Victoria Advocate, March 29, 2010
^ Jump up to: a b Gutierrez, Paul (December 28, 2007). "Billy 'White Shoes' Johnson's Funky Chicken to Ocho Cinco's Riverdance, celebrations have become the show within the show". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dufresne, Chris (September 26, 1985). "White Shoes Johnson, Feeling Pinch of NFL, Has to Stop His Dance". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Coaching Staff". Duluth High School Football. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ NFL 2001 Record and Fact Book, Workman Publishing Co, New York,NY, ISBN 0-7611-2480-2, p.401
Jump up ^ Crossley, Andy. "1978-80 Philadelphia Athletics". Fun While it Lasted. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
External links[edit]
Biography portal
Career stats
[show]
v
t
e
Houston Oilers 1974 NFL Draft selections
Steve Manstedt
Booker Brown
Leonard Fairley
Mike McCoy
Steve Taylor
Ricky Browne
Dan Dixon
Billy Johnson
Mathew Williams
Bill Hedge
Draft years
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
[show]
v
t
e
National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
Sammy Baugh
Otto Graham
Joe Montana
Johnny Unitas
Jim Brown
Marion Motley
Bronko Nagurski
Walter Payton
Gale Sayers
O. J. Simpson
Steve Van Buren
Lance Alworth
Raymond Berry
Don Hutson
Jerry Rice
Mike Ditka
Kellen Winslow
Roosevelt Brown
Forrest Gregg
Anthony Muñoz
John Hannah
Jim Parker
Gene Upshaw
Mel Hein
Mike Webster
Deacon Jones
Gino Marchetti
Reggie White
Joe Greene
Bob Lilly
Merlin Olsen
Dick Butkus
Jack Ham
Ted Hendricks
Jack Lambert
Willie Lanier
Ray Nitschke
Lawrence Taylor
Mel Blount
Mike Haynes
Dick Lane
Rod Woodson
Ken Houston
Ronnie Lott
Larry Wilson
Ray Guy
Jan Stenerud
Billy Johnson
[show]
v
t
e
1975 AP NFL All-Pro Team
Offense: QB Fran Tarkenton
RB O. J. Simpson
RB Chuck Foreman
WR Cliff Branch
WR Mel Gray
TE Riley Odoms

OT Ron Yary
OT George Kunz
G Larry Little
G Joe DeLamielleure
C Jim Langer
Defense: DE L. C. Greenwood
DE Jack Youngblood
DT Alan Page
DT Curley Culp
OLB Jack Ham
OLB Chris Hanburger
MLB Bill Bergey
CB Roger Wehrli
CB Mel Blount
S Paul Krause
S Ken Houston
Special teams: PK Jim Bakken
[show]
v
t
e
National Football League | NFL's 1980s All-Decade Team
Joe Montana
Dan Fouts
Walter Payton
Eric Dickerson
Roger Craig
John Riggins
Jerry Rice
Steve Largent
James Lofton
Art Monk
Kellen Winslow
Ozzie Newsome
Anthony Muñoz
Jim Covert
Gary Zimmerman
Joe Jacoby
John Hannah
Russ Grimm
Bill Fralic
Mike Munchak
Dwight Stephenson
Mike Webster
Reggie White
Howie Long
Lee Roy Selmon
Bruce Smith
Randy White
Dan Hampton
Keith Millard
Dave Butz
Mike Singletary
Lawrence Taylor
Ted Hendricks
Jack Lambert
Andre Tippett
John Anderson
Carl Banks
Mike Haynes
Mel Blount
Frank Minnifield
Lester Hayes
Ronnie Lott
Kenny Easley
Deron Cherry
Joey Browner
Nolan Cromwell
Sean Landeta
Reggie Roby
Morten Andersen
Gary Anderson
Eddie Murray
Billy Johnson
John Taylor
Mike Nelms
Rick Upchurch
Bill Walsh
Chuck Noll
[show]
v
t
e
PFW/PFWA NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award
1972: Morrall
1973: Gabriel
1974: Namath
1975: Hampton
1976: Landry
1977: Morton
1978: Riggins
1979: Csonka
1980: Plunkett
1981: Anderson
1982: Alzado
1983: B. Johnson
1984: Stallworth
1985: No Selection
1986: Montana & Kramer
1987: White
1988: Bell
1989: Anderson
1990: Word
1991: McMahon
1992: Cunningham
1993: Allen
1994: Marino
1995: Harbaugh
1996: Bettis
1997: Brooks
1998: Flutie
1999: Young
2000: J. Johnson
2001: Hearst
2002: Maddox
2003: Kitna
2004: McGahee
2005: Smith
2006: Pennington
2007: Moss
2008: Pennington
2009: Brady
2010: Vick
2011: Stafford
2012: Peterson
2013: Rivers
2014: Gronkowski
2015: Berry
2016: Nelson
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billy_Johnson_(gridiron_football)&oldid=802122976"
Categories:
1952 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football wide receivers
American football return specialists
Atlanta Falcons players
Canadian football wide receivers
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Houston Oilers players
Montreal Alouettes players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Washington Redskins players
Widener Pride football players
Sportspeople from Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Hidden categories:
NFL player missing current team parameter
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
Italiano
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 September 2017, at 04:00.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

attrs: class style

values:
fn
line-height: initial;

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;background: #dcdcdc; color:;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 none, inset -2px -2px 0 none; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 none, inset -2px -2px 0 none; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 none, inset -2px -2px 0 none;; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

attrs: scope style

values:
row
text-align: right; width: 40%;

attrs: href title

value: td

value: span

values:
/wiki/Chichester_High_School
mw-redirect
Chichester High School

values:
/wiki/Houston_Oilers
mw-redirect
Houston Oilers

values: text-align:center;text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;

values: National Football League Comeback Player of the Year Award

values:
/wiki/NFL_1970s_All-Decade_Team
mw-redirect
NFL 1970s All-Decade Team

values:
/wiki/NFL_1980s_All-Decade_Team
mw-redirect
NFL 1980s All-Decade Team

values: width:22em;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none

values: text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #ccc;

values: width:22em;width: 25em; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.2em;

values:
/wiki/Kickoff_returner
mw-redirect
Kickoff returner

values: Edit section: CFL and the Atlanta Falcons

values:
/wiki/James_Scott_(American_football)
mw-redirect
James Scott (American football)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: ;background: #4B92DB; color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0  #C60C30, inset -2px -2px 0  #C60C30; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0  #C60C30, inset -2px -2px 0  #C60C30; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0  #C60C30, inset -2px -2px 0  #C60C30;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1974 draft navbox

values: Template talk:Houston Oilers 1974 draft navbox

values: Ricky Browne (American football) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Billy_Johnson_(American_football)
mw-redirect
Billy Johnson (American football)

values:
/wiki/National_Football_League_draft
mw-redirect
National Football League draft

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1961 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1962 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1963 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1964 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1965 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1966 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1967 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1968 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1969 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1970 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1971 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1972 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1973 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1975 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1976 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1977 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1978 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1979 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1980 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1981 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1982 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1983 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1984 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1985 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1986 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1987 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1988 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1989 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1990 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1991 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1992 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1993 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1994 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1995 draft navbox

values: Template:Houston Oilers 1996 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Oilers 1997 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Oilers 1998 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 1999 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2000 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2001 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2002 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2003 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2004 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2005 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2006 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2007 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2008 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2009 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2010 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2011 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2012 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2013 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2014 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2015 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2016 draft navbox

values: Template:Tennessee Titans 2017 draft navbox

values: font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; width:100%; float:middle; text-align:center; color:#000000

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Joe_Greene_(American_football)
mw-redirect
Joe Greene (American football)

values:
/wiki/Dick_Lane_(American_football)
mw-redirect
Dick Lane (American football)

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background:silver; color:black;

values: National Football League 1980s All-Decade Team

values: Template:NFL Comeback Players of the Year

values: Template talk:NFL Comeback Players of the Year

values: Category:African-American players of American football

values: Category:African-American players of Canadian football

values: Category:American Conference Pro Bowl players

values: Category:American football wide receivers

values: Category:American football return specialists

values: Category:Canadian football wide receivers

values: Category:College Football Hall of Fame inductees

values: Category:National Conference Pro Bowl players

values: Category:Sportspeople from Delaware County, Pennsylvania

values: Category:Players of American football from Pennsylvania

values: Category:NFL player missing current team parameter

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Billy_Johnson_(gridiron_football)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Billy_Johnson_gridiron_football rootpage-Billy_Johnson_gridiron_football vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the modern country, see State of Israel. For the two split kingdoms, see Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) and Kingdom of Judah.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Map of the Kingdom of Israel as described in the Hebrew Bible around the narrative time of David and Saul (vassal states and defeated kingdoms in red)
The United Monarchy (Hebrew: המלוכה המאוחדת) is the name given to the Israelite[note 1] kingdom of Israel and Judah,[2][3][4] during the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon, as depicted in the Hebrew Bible. This is traditionally dated between 1050 BCE and 930 BCE. On the succession of Solomon's son, Rehoboam, around 930 BCE, the biblical account reports that the country split into two kingdoms: the Kingdom of Israel (including the cities of Shechem and Samaria) in the north and the Kingdom of Judah (containing Jerusalem) in the south.
In contemporary scholarship the united monarchy is generally held to be a literary construction and not a historical reality, pointing to the lack of archaeological evidence. Some scholars argue that there is historical evidence to support its existence. It is generally accepted that a "House of David" existed, but many believe that David could have only been the monarch or chieftain of Judah, which was likely small, and that the northern kingdom was a separate development. There are some dissenters to this view.[5] [6][7][8]
Contents
1 Sources
2 Biblical narrative
2.1 Origin
2.2 Civil war
2.3 Golden Age
2.4 End
3 Biblical chronology
4 Archaeological record
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Sources[edit]
Main articles: Books of Samuel and History of Ancient Israel and Judah
According to standard source criticism, a number of distinct source texts were spliced together to produce the current Books of Samuel.[8] The most prominent in the early parts of the first book are the pro-monarchical source and the anti-monarchical source. In identifying these two sources, two separate accounts can be reconstructed. The anti-monarchical source describes Samuel as having thoroughly routed the Philistines, yet begrudgingly accepting the people's demand for a ruler, subsequently appointing Saul by cleromancy.[citation needed]
The pro-monarchical source describes the divinely appointed birth of Saul (a single word being changed by a later editor so that it referred to Samuel instead), and his leading of an army to victory over the Ammonites, resulted in the clamouring of the people for him to lead them against the Philistines, whereupon he is appointed king.[9]
Textual critics also point to disparities in the account of David's rise to power as indicative of separate threads being merged later to create a Golden Age of a united monarchy. David is thought by scholars to have been a ruler in Judah, while Israel, comparatively immense and highly developed, continued unfettered. Modern archaeology also supports this view.[6]
Most scholars believe the Books of Samuel exhibit too many anachronisms to have been a contemporary account. For example, there is mention of later armor (1 Samuel 17:4–7, 38–39; 25:13), use of camels (1 Samuel 30:17), cavalry (as distinct from chariotry) (1 Samuel 13:5, 2 Samuel 1:6), and iron picks and axes (as though they were common) (2 Samuel 12:31). The historicity of the conquest described in the Book of Samuel is not attested, and many scholars regard this conquest as legendary in origin, particularly given the lack of evidence for the battles described involving the destruction of the Canaanite peoples. Most scholars believe that Samuel was compiled in the 8th century BCE (rather than the 10th century when most of the events described take place) based on both historical and legendary sources, primarily serving to fill the gap in Israelite history after the events described in Deuteronomy. This gap in the historical record is characteristic of the Late Bronze Age collapse; cultural memories of times before the disaster often became embellished as stories of a "lost golden age", as in the Trojan Epic Cycle.[citation needed]
Biblical narrative[edit]
Origin[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of Israel
Ancient Israel and Judah
Natufian culture
Prehistory
Canaan
Israelites
United monarchy
Northern Kingdom
Kingdom of Judah
Babylonian rule
Second Temple period (530 BCE–70 CE)
Persian rule
Hellenistic period
Hasmonean dynasty
Herodian dynasty
Kingdom
Tetrarchy
Roman Judea
Middle Ages (70–1517)
Roman Palaestina
Byzantine Palaestina
Prima
Secunda
Revolt against Constantius Gallus
Samaritan revolts
Revolt against Heraclius
Caliphates
Filastin
Urdunn
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Ayyubid dynasty
Mamluk Sultanate
Modern history (1517–1948)
Ottoman rule
Eyalet
Mutasarrifate
Old Yishuv
Zionism
OETA
British mandate
State of Israel (1948–present)
Independence
Timeline
Years
Arab–Israeli conflict
Start-up Nation
History of the Land of Israel by topic
Judaism
Jerusalem
Zionism
Jewish leaders
Jewish warfare
Nationality
Related
Jewish history
Hebrew calendar
Archaeology
Museums
Israel portal
v
t
e
According to the Book of Judges, before the rise of the united monarchy the Israelite tribes lived as a confederation under ad hoc charismatic leaders called judges. Abimelech the first judge to be declared king by the men of Shechem and the house of Millo,[10][unreliable source?] reigned over Israel for three years before he was killed during the Battle of Thebez.[11][unreliable source?]
According to the biblical account, the united monarchy was formed when there was a large popular expression in favour of introducing a king to rule over the decentralised Israelite confederacy. Increasing pressure from the Philistines and other neighboring peoples is said by the Bible to have forced the Israelites to unite as state following the anointing of Saul by Samuel. The Bible treats the notion of kingship as having been anathema, it being viewed as the placing of one man in a position of reverence and power that ought to be reserved for God.[citation needed]
Civil war[edit]
David and Saul become bitter enemies, at least from Saul's point of view, although sources describe Jonathan, Saul's son, and Michal, Saul's daughter, as assisting David to escape Saul, ultimately leading to a brief reconciliation before Saul's death.[citation needed]
According to the Second Book of Samuel, Saul's disobedience prompts God to curtail his reign and hand his kingdom over to another dynasty. Saul dies in battle against the Philistines[citation needed] after a reign of just two years.[12] His heir, Ishbaal, rules for only two years before being assassinated. David, heretofore king of Judah only, ends the conspiracy and is appointed king of Israel in Ishbaal's place. Some textual critics and biblical scholars suggest that David was actually responsible for the assassination and that David's innocence was a later invention to legitimize his actions.[13]
Israel rebels against David and appoints David's son Absalom king, forcing David into exile east of the Jordan.[citation needed] David eventually launches a successful counterattack that results in the loss of Absalom. Having retaken Judah and asserted control over Israel, David returns west of the Jordan. Throughout the remainder of his reign, he continues to suppress rebellions that arise among the people of Israel.[citation needed]
This section of the biblical text, and the bulk of the remainder of the Books of Samuel, is thought by textual critics to belong to a single large source known as the Court History of David. Although reflecting the political bias of the kingdom of Judah following the destruction of Israel, the source remains somewhat more neutral than the pro- and antimonarchical sources comprising earlier parts of the text. Israel and Judah are portrayed in this source as quite distinct kingdoms.[citation needed]
Golden Age[edit]
Prior to the ascension of Saul, the city of Shiloh is seen as the national capital, at least in the religious sense, a claim that from an archaeological standpoint is considered plausible. Throughout the monarchy of Saul, the capital is located in Gibeah. After Saul's death, Ishbaal rules over the kingdom of Israel from Mahanaim, while David establishes the capital of the kingdom of Judah in Hebron.[citation needed]
Following the civil war with Saul, David forges a strong and unified Israelite monarchy, reigning c. 1000 to 961 BCE[14] and establishing Jerusalem as his national capital in 1006 BCE.[15] Some modern archaeologists, however, believe that the two distinct cultures and geographic entities of Judah and Israel continued uninterrupted, and that if a political union between them did exist, it possibly had no practical effect on their relationship.[6]
In the biblical account, David embarks on successful military campaigns against the enemies of Judah and Israel, defeating such regional entities as the Philistines to secure his borders. Israel grows from kingdom to empire, its sphere of influence—militarily and politically—expanding to control the weaker client states of Philistia, Moab, Edom and Ammon, with Aramaean city-states Aram-Zobah and Aram-Damascus becoming vassal states.[16][unreliable source?] The imperial border is described as stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arabian Desert, from the Red Sea to the Euphrates River. Some modern archaeologists believe that the area under the control of Judah and Israel, excluding the Phoenician territories on the shore of the Mediterranean, did not exceed 34,000 square kilometres (13,000 sq mi), of which the kingdom of Israel encompassed about 24,000 square kilometres (9,300 sq mi).[citation needed]
David is succeeded by his son Solomon, who obtains the throne in a somewhat disreputable manner from rival claimant Adonijah, his elder brother.[citation needed] The reign of Solomon (c. 961 to 922 BCE)[14] proves to be a period of unprecedented peace, prosperity, and cultural development. Solomon embarks on an aggressive campaign of public building, erecting the First Temple in Jerusalem with assistance from the King of Tyre, with whom he has maintained the strong alliance forged by his father.[citation needed] Like the palace of David, Solomon's temple is designed and built with the assistance of Tyrian architects, master craftsmen, skilled labourers, money, jewels, cedar, and other goods obtained in exchange for land ceded to Tyre.[citation needed]
Solomon goes on to rebuild numerous major cities, including Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer. Some scholars have attributed aspects of archaeological remains excavated from this sites, including six-chambered gates and ashlar palaces, to this building programme. However, excavation teams at Meggido later established that these structures are from different time periods. Yigael Yadin subsequently concluded that the stables once believed to have served Solomon's vast collection of horses were actually built by King Ahab in the 9th century BCE.[17]
End[edit]
Main articles: Jeroboam's Revolt, Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), and Kingdom of Judah
Map showing the Kingdoms of Israel (blue) and Judah (orange), ancient Southern Levant borders and ancient cities such as Urmomium and Jerash. The map shows the region in the 9th century BCE.
Following Solomon's death in c. 926 BCE, tensions between the northern part of Israel containing the ten northern tribes, and the southern section dominated by Jerusalem and the southern tribes reached boiling point. When Solomon's successor Rehoboam dealt tactlessly with economic complaints of the northern tribes, in about 930 BCE (there are differences of opinion as to the actual year) the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah split into two kingdoms: the northern Kingdom of Israel, which included the cities of Shechem and Samaria, and the southern Kingdom of Judah, which contained Jerusalem; with most of the non-Israelite provinces achieving independence.[citation needed]
The Kingdom of Israel (or Northern Kingdom, or Samaria) existed as an independent state until 722 BCE when it was conquered by the Assyrian Empire, while the Kingdom of Judah (or Southern Kingdom) existed as an independent state until 586 BCE when it was conquered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.[citation needed]
Biblical chronology[edit]
Further information: Kings of Israel and Judah
Many alternative chronologies have been suggested, and there is no ultimate consensus between the different factions and scholarly disciplines concerned with this period, as to when it is depicted as having begun or when it ended.[18][19][20]
Most bibical scholars follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronology of Gershon Galil, all of which are shown below. All dates are BCE. Thiele's chronology generally corresponds with Galil's chronology below with a difference of at most one year.[21]
Albright/Thiele dates
Galil dates
Common/Biblical name
Regnal Name and style
Notes
House of Saul
c. 1021–1000 c. 1030–1010 Saul Shaul ben Qysh, Melekh Ysra'el Killed in battle, suicide
c. 1000 c. 1010–1008 Ishbaal
(Ish-boseth) Ishba'al ben Shaul, Melekh Ysra'el Assassinated
House of David
c. 1000–962 c. 1008–970 David Dawidh ben Yishai, Melekh Ysra’el Son-in-law of Saul, brother-in-law of Ish-boseth
c. 962–c. 922 c. 970–931 Solomon Sh'lomoh ben Dawidh, Melekh Ysra'el Son of David and Bathsheba
Archaeological record[edit]
In contemporary scholarship the united monarchy is generally held to be a literary construction and not a historical reality, due to the lack of archeological evidence for it. It is generally accepted that a "House of David" existed, but many believe that David could have only been the monarch or chieftain of Judah, and that the northern kingdom was a separate development. There are some dissenters to this view.[citation needed]
Oded Lipschits wrote in the Jewish Study Bible that
the premonarchic period long ago became a literary description of the mythological roots, the early beginnings of the nation and the way to describe the right of Israel on its land. The archeological evidence also does not support the existence of a united monarchy under David and Solomon as described in the Bible, so the rubric of "united monarchy" is best abandoned, although it remains useful for discussing how the Bible views the Israelite past.[5]
According to Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman, authors of The Bible Unearthed, ideas of a united monarchy are not accurate history but rather "creative expressions of a powerful religious reform movement," possibly "based on certain historical kernels."[6] Finkelstein and Silberman do accept that David and Solomon were real kings of Judah about the 10th century BCE, but they cite the fact that the earliest independent reference to the Kingdom of Israel dates to about 890 BCE, while that for the kingdom of Judah dates to about 750 BCE.[22] This is supported by Jonathan Tubb, who argues that the story of the united monarchy was fabricated as a Golden Age tale during the Exile. He accepts the historicity of David and Solomon but cautions that "[t]hey must be seen . . . as local folk heroes and not as rulers of international status."[23]
On the other hand, while Amélie Kuhrt does acknowledge that "there are no royal inscriptions from the time of the united monarchy (indeed very little written material altogether), and not a single contemporary reference to either David or Solomon," she concludes that "[a]gainst this must be set the evidence for substantial development and growth at several sites, which is plausibly related to the tenth century."[7] Kenneth Kitchen reaches a similar conclusion, arguing that "the physical archaeology of tenth-century Canaan is consistent with the former existence of a unified state on its terrain."[24]
Aerial view of Khirbet Qeiyafa.
Excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa, an Iron Age site located in Judah, found an urbanized settlement radiocarbon dated well before scholars such as Finklestein suggest urbanization began in Judah, supporting existence of a Judahite kingdom. The Israel Antiquities Authority stated: "The excavations at Khirbat Qeiyafa clearly reveal an urban society that existed in Judah already in the late eleventh century BCE. It can no longer be argued that the Kingdom of Judah developed only in the late eighth century BCE or at some other later date."[25] The techniques and interpretations used to reach some conclusions related to Khirbet Qeiyafa have been criticized by some scholars, among them Finkelstein and Alexander Fantalkin of Tel Aviv University.[26]
In August 2015, Israeli archaeologists discovered massive fortifications in the ruins of the ancient city of Gath, supposed birthplace of Goliath. The size of the fortifications show Gath to have been a very large city in the 10th century BCE, perhaps the largest in Canaan at the time. The professor leading the dig, Aren Maeir, estimated that Gath was as much as four times the size of contemporary Jerusalem, casting doubt that David's kingdom could have been as powerful as described in the Bible.[27]
See also[edit]
Canaan
Historicity of the Bible
Ir Ovot
Kings of Israel and Judah
Ancient Near East portal
Israel portal
Palestine portal
Jordan portal
Judaism portal
Bible portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This article uses the term "Israelite" as defined by The Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion:
The name . . . signifies the people composed of [Jacob's] descendants (the "children of Israel"), being applied (a) to the whole people (including Judah) . . . [but] (b) with the division of the kingdom after the death of Solomon, to the Northern Kingdom only."[1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Werblowsky, R.J. Zwi; Wigoder, Geoffrey, eds. (1966). "Israelite". The Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 206–207.
Jump up ^ Cundall, Arthur E. (1973). "The United Monarchy: fact or fiction?" (PDF). Vox Evangelica. 8: 33–39.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Graham (1996). The True Israel: Uses of the Names Jew, Hebrew, and Israel in Ancient Jewish and Early Christian Literature. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, Inc. p. 164. ISBN 0-391-04119-3.
Jump up ^ de Vaux, O.P., Roland (1997). Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions. Translated by McHugh, John. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-8028-4278-X.
^ Jump up to: a b Lipschits, Oded (2014). "The history of Israel in the biblical period". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi. The Jewish Study Bible (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997846-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of its Stories. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-86912-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Kuhrt, Amélie (1995). The Ancient Near East, c. 3000-330 BC, Band 1. New York: Routledge. p. 438. ISBN 978-0-41516-762-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Wright, Jacob L. (July 2014). "David, King of Judah (not Israel)". The Bible and Interpretation.
Jump up ^ Jones, Gwilym H. (2001). "1 and 2 Samuel". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John. The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. pp. 197–199. ISBN 978-0-19875-500-5.
Jump up ^ "Judges 9:20". Bible Gateway. HarperCollins Christian Publishing.
Jump up ^ "2 Samuel 11:21". Bible Gateway. HarperCollins Christian Publishing.
Jump up ^ Lemaire, Andre. "King Saul." Archived 2014-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. My Jewish Learning. 27 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Stanley Jerome Isser (January 2003). The Sword of Goliath: David in Heroic Literature. BRILL. pp. 152–. ISBN 90-04-12737-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Edited by Robert G. Boling (1975). Judges (The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries). Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. XXI. ISBN 0300139454. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "The Jewish temples: Jerusalem in the First Temple Period (1006–586 BCE)". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
Jump up ^ 2 Sam 8:1-14
Jump up ^ Finkelstein, Israel; Maza, Amihay (2007). The Quest for the Historical Israel. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-58983-277-0.
Jump up ^ Shanks, Hershel (2010). Ancient Israel (3rd Edition). Pearson. ISBN 0205096433.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Richard (1987). Who Wrote The Bible. HarperOne. ISBN 0060630353.
Jump up ^ Bloom, Harold (2004). The Book of J. Grove Press. ISBN 0802141919.
Jump up ^ Kenneth Kitchen, How We Know When Solomon Ruled: Israel's Kings, BAR September/October 2001
Jump up ^ Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2007). David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-416-55688-6.
Jump up ^ Tubb, Jonathan (2006). Canaanites. London: The British Museum Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-7141-2766-3.
Jump up ^ Kitchen, Kenneth (2003). On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-80280-396-2.
Jump up ^ Garfinkel, Yossi; Ganor, Sa'ar; Hasel, Michael (19 April 2012). "Journal 124: Khirbat Qeiyafa preliminary report". Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel. Israel Antiquities Authority. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Finkelstein, Israel; Fantalkin, Alexander (May 2012). "Khirbet Qeiyafa: an unsensational archaeological and historical interpretation" (PDF). Tel Aviv. 39: 38–63. doi:10.1179/033443512x13226621280507. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Hasson, Nir (4 August 2015). "Philistine city of Gath a lot more powerful than thought, archaeologists suggest". Haaretz. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
External links[edit]
The Debate over the Historicity and Chronology of the United Monarchy in Jerusalem by Ong Kar Khalsa
Jewish Virtual Library
Newadvent Encyclopedia
show
v
t
e
The Biblical and Historical Israelites
Children of Israel / Twelve Tribes of Israel
Ten Lost Tribes
History of ancient Israel and Judah
Land of Israel
United Monarchy (Kingdom of Israel)
Northern Kingdom
Southern Kingdom (Kingdom of Judah)
Tanakh
Bible
Hebrew Bible
Old Testament
Historicity of the Bible
show
v
t
e
Rulers of Israel and Judah
Davidic line
Kings of Israel and Judah
Kings of Judah
Hasmonean and Herodian rulers
Tribes of Israel
The Twelve Spies
Abimelech
United monarchy
Saul
Ish-bosheth
David
Solomon
Israel
(northern kingdom)
Jeroboam I
Nadab
Baasha
Elah
Zimri
Tibni
Omri
Ahab
Ahaziah
Jehoram
Jehu
Jehoahaz
Jehoash
Jeroboam II
Zechariah
Shallum
Menahem
Pekahiah
Pekah
Hoshea
Judah
(southern kingdom)
Rehoboam
Abijam
Asa
Jehoshaphat
Jehoram
Ahaziah
Athaliah
Jehoash
Amaziah
Uzziah
Jotham
Ahaz
Hezekiah
Manasseh
Amon
Josiah
Jehoahaz
Jehoiakim
Jeconiah
Zedekiah
Hasmonean dynasty
Simon Thassi
John Hyrcanus
Aristobulus I
Alexander Jannaeus
Salome Alexandra
Hyrcanus II
Aristobulus II
Antigonus II Mattathias
Herodian dynasty
Herod the Great
Archelaus
Antipas
Philip the Tetrarch
Salome I
Agrippa
Herod of Chalcis
Agrippa II
Bar Kokhba revolt
Simon bar Kokhba
See also
List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
Italics indicate a disputed reign or non-royal title
show
v
t
e
Solomon
Family and reputed relations
David
Queen of Sheba
Pharaoh's daughter
Naamah
Rehoboam
Menelik I
Occurrences
Solomon's Temple
Judgment of Solomon
Solomon's Pools
Solomon's shamir
Solomon in Islam
Reputed works
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song of Songs
Book of Wisdom
Odes of Solomon
Key of Solomon
Lesser Key of Solomon
Magical Treatise of Solomon
Psalms of Solomon
Testament of Solomon
Prayer of Solomon
Related articles
Solomonic column
Seal of Solomon
Solomon's knot
United Monarchy
Davidic line
show
v
t
e
Ancient states and regions in the history of the Levant
Bronze Age
Akkadian Empire
Amurru
Bashan
Canaan
Ebla
Edom
Hittite empire
Mari
Mitanni
Moab
Nagar
Qatna
Tyre
Ugarit
Urkesh
Yamhad
Iron Age
Ammon
Aramea
Aram-Damascus
Assyrian Empire
Canaan
Egyptian Empire
Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom of Judah
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Philistia
Phoenicia
Syro-Hittite
Classical Age
Byzantine Empire
Hasmonean dynasty
Herodian kingdom
Herodian Tetrarchy
Macedonian Empire
Nabataean Kingdom
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Parthian Empire
Palmyrene Empire
Achaemenid Empire
Roman Empire
Roman Republic
Sasanian Empire
Seleucid Empire
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)&oldid=855580532"
Categories:
Kings of ancient Israel
Kings of ancient Judah
Ancient Israel and Judah
Former countries in Western Asia
Former kingdoms
Political entities in the Land of Israel
David
Solomon
States and territories established in the 11th century BC
11th-century BC establishments
States and territories disestablished in the 10th century BC
10th-century BC disestablishments
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list
Articles needing additional references from July 2018
All articles needing additional references
Articles containing Hebrew-language text
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from July 2018
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Български
Čeština
Deutsch
Eesti
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Қазақша
Ladino
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Nederlands
Norsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Svenska
தமிழ்
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
中文
28 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 August 2018, at 10:31 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/State_of_Israel
mw-redirect
State of Israel

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: font-size: 115%; font-family: 'Ezra SIL', 'Ezra SIL SR', 'Keter Aram Tsova', 'Taamey Ashkenaz', 'Taamey David CLM', 'Taamey Frank CLM', 'Frenk Ruehl CLM', 'Keter YG', 'Shofar', 'David CLM', 'Hadasim CLM', 'Simple CLM', 'Nachlieli', 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Hebrew', Cardo, Alef, 'Noto Serif Hebrew', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'David Libre', David, 'Times New Roman', Gisha, Arial, FreeSerif, FreeSans;

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Samuel_(Bible)
mw-redirect
Samuel (Bible)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Ammon_(nation)
mw-redirect
Ammon (nation)

values:
/wiki/Textual_critic
mw-redirect
Textual critic

values: margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:65%; font-weight:normal;

values: background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;

values: padding: 0.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;

values: History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages

values: Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus

values: History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel

values: List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Confederated_Tribes_of_Israel
mw-redirect
Confederated Tribes of Israel

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (July 2018)

values:
/wiki/Second_Book_of_Samuel
mw-redirect
Second Book of Samuel

values:
/wiki/Shiloh_(Biblical)
mw-redirect
Shiloh (Biblical)

values:
/wiki/National_capital
mw-redirect
National capital

values:
/wiki/Euphrates_River
mw-redirect
Euphrates River

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)

values:
/wiki/King_Hiram_I
mw-redirect
King Hiram I

values:
/wiki/David%27s_Palace
mw-redirect
David's Palace

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)

values:
/wiki/Assyrian_Empire
mw-redirect
Assyrian Empire

values:
/wiki/House_of_Saul
mw-redirect
House of Saul

values:
/wiki/Radiocarbon_dated
mw-redirect
Radiocarbon dated

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: The Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Children_of_Israel
mw-redirect
Children of Israel

values:
/wiki/Northern_Kingdom
mw-redirect
Northern Kingdom

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
*_Davidic_line
*_Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah
**_Kings_of_Judah
*_Hasmonean_and_Herodian_rulers

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Template:Ancient states and regions of the Levant

values: Template talk:Ancient states and regions of the Levant

values:
/wiki/Hittite_empire
mw-redirect
Hittite empire

values:
/wiki/Egyptian_Empire
mw-redirect
Egyptian Empire

values:
/wiki/Macedonian_Empire
mw-redirect
Macedonian Empire

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Former countries in Western Asia

values: Category:Political entities in the Land of Israel

values: Category:States and territories established in the 11th century BC

values: Category:States and territories disestablished in the 10th century BC

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2018

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from July 2018

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: مملكة إسرائيل الموحدة – Arabic

values: İsrail krallığı (birləşmiş hakimiyyət) – Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: ایسرائیل کراللیغی (بیرلشیک مونارشی) – South Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: Давидово царство – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values: Izraelské království (sjednocené království) – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Iisraeli kuningriik (ühendatud monarhia) – Estonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: پادشاهی اسرائیل (پادشاهی متحد) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Monarchie unifiée d'Israël et Juda – French

values: 통일 이스라엘 왕국 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Իսրայելի հրեական թագավորություն – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: Kerajaan Israel (kerajaan bersatu) – Indonesian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ממלכת ישראל המאוחדת – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Израиль патшалығы – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lad
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: Det forente kongedømme Israel – Norwegian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Regatul Israel (monarhie unită) – Romanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Израильское царство – Russian

values: Izraelsko kraljestvo (združeno) – Slovenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Краљевство Израел (уједињено) – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: Kungariket Israel (förenad monarki) – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: இசுரயேல் அரசு (ஒன்றிணைந்த முடியாட்சி) – Tamil

values: İsrail Krallığı (birleşik monarşi) – Turkish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Ізраїльське царство – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: مملکت اسرائیل (متحدہ بادشاہت) – Urdu

values: Vương quốc Israel (thống nhất) – Vietnamese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Kingdom_of_Israel_united_monarchy rootpage-Kingdom_of_Israel_united_monarchy skin-vector action-view