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The Color Purple (film)
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For Broadway and touring stage musical, see The Color Purple (musical).
The Color Purple
Theatrical release poster by John Alvin
Directed by
Steven Spielberg
Produced by
Quincy Jones
Kathleen Kennedy
Frank Marshall
Steven Spielberg
Screenplay by
Menno Meyjes
Based on
The Color Purple
by Alice Walker
Starring
Whoopi Goldberg
Danny Glover
Adolph Caesar
Oprah Winfrey
Margaret Avery
Rae Dawn Chong
Music by
Quincy Jones
Cinematography
Allen Daviau
Edited by
Michael Kahn
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment
The Guber-Peters Company
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
December 18, 1985 (1985-12-18)
Running time
153 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$15 million
Box office
$142 million
The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature-length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and featured Whoopi Goldberg (also in her film debut) as Celie Harris-Johnson.
Filmed in Anson and Union counties in North Carolina,[2] the film tells the story of a young African American girl named Celie Harris and shows the problems African American women faced during the early 20th century, including domestic violence, incest, pedophilia, poverty, racism, and sexism. Celie is transformed as she finds her self-worth through the help of two strong female companions.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Release
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Box office
4 Accolades
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Set in rural Georgia during the first forty years of the twentieth century, the film centers on the life of a fictional character named Celie, an oppressed black woman. In the film, Celie endures rape, sexism, the loss of her children at birth, a tyrannical husband, domestic violence, chauvinism, the loss of her sister, and the demoralization of her friend (Sofia), who also loses her freedom to the law. Celie and the other characters tell a story of overcoming racism and misogyny in the rural South during this time period, depicting a struggle for equality. Celie maintains her resolve throughout the story. By the end of the film, the characters have undergone remarkable changes and relationships have begun to heal.[4][5][6]
Cast[edit]
Whoopi Goldberg as Celie Harris Johnson
Desreta Jackson as young Celie
Danny Glover as Albert Johnson ("Mister")
Oprah Winfrey as Sofia Johnson
Margaret Avery as Shug Avery
Táta Vega as Shug's singing voice
Akosua Busia as Nettie Harris
Adolph Caesar as Old Mister (Albert's Father)
Willard Pugh as Harpo Johnson
Rae Dawn Chong as Squeak
Laurence Fishburne as Swain
Grand Bush as Randy
Dana Ivey as Miss Millie
Leon Rippy as Store clerk
Bennet Guillory as Grady
James Tillis as Henry "Buster" Broadnax
Leonard Jackson as Alphonso "Pa" Harris
Gayle King (uncredited) as Churchgoer
Release[edit]
The Color Purple was shown at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival as a non-competing title.[7]
Critical response[edit]
The film received positive reviews from critics, receiving praise for its acting, direction, screenplay, score, and production merits, but was criticized by some for being "over-sentimental" and "stereotypical." Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 85% based on reviews from 27 critics, with an average score of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus states: "A sentimental tale that reveals great emotional truths in American history."[8] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[9]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film four stars, calling it "the year's best film." He also praised Whoopi Goldberg, calling her role "one of the most amazing debut performances in movie history" and predicting she would win the Academy Award for Best Actress. (She was nominated but did not win.) Ebert wrote of The Color Purple:
The world of Celie and the others is created so forcibly in this movie that their corner of the South becomes one of those movie places — like Oz, like Tara, like Casablanca — that lay claim to their own geography in our imaginations. The affirmation at the end of the film is so joyous that this is one of the few movies in a long time that inspires tears of happiness, and earns them.[10]
Ebert's long-time television collaborator, Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune, praised the film as "triumphantly emotional and brave," calling it Spielberg's "successful attempt to enlarge his reputation as a director of youthful entertainments." Siskel wrote that The Color Purple was "a plea for respect for black women." Although acknowledging that the film was a period drama, he praised its "... incredibly strong stand against the way black men treat black women. Cruel is too kind a word to describe their behavior. The principal black men in The Color Purple use their women — both wives and daughters — as sexual chattel."[11]
New York Times film critic Janet Maslin noted the film's divergence from Walker's book, but made the case that this shift works:
Mr. Spielberg has looked on the sunny side of Miss Walker's novel, fashioning a grand, multi-hanky entertainment that is as pretty and lavish as the book is plain. If the book is set in the harsh, impoverished atmosphere of rural Georgia, the movie unfolds in a cozy, comfortable, flower-filled wonderland. ... Some parts of it are rapturous and stirring, others hugely improbable, and the film moves unpredictably from one mode to another. From another director, this might be fatally confusing, but Mr. Spielberg's showmanship is still with him. Although the combination of his sensibilities and Miss Walker's amounts to a colossal mismatch, Mr. Spielberg's Color Purple manages to have momentum, warmth and staying power all the same.[12]
Variety found the film over-sentimental, writing, "there are some great scenes and great performances in The Color Purple, but it is not a great film. Steven Spielberg's turn at 'serious' film-making is marred in more than one place by overblown production that threatens to drown in its own emotions."[13]
In addition, some critics alleged that the movie stereotyped black people in general[14] and black men in particular,[15] pointing to the fact that Spielberg, a white man, had directed a predominantly African American story.[16]
Filmmaker Oliver Stone defended The Color Purple as "an excellent movie, and it was an attempt to deal with an issue that had been overlooked, and it wouldn't have been done if it hadn't been Spielberg. And it's not like everyone says, that he ruined the book. That's horseshit. Nobody was going to do the book. He made the book live again."[17]
In 2004, Ebert included The Color Purple in his list of "Great Movies". He stated that "I can see its flaws more easily than when I named it the best film of 1985, but I can also understand why it moved me so deeply, and why the greatness of some films depends not on their perfection or logic, but on their heart."[18]
Box office[edit]
The Color Purple was a success at the box office, staying in U.S. theaters for 21 weeks,[19] and grossing over $142 million worldwide.[20] In terms of box office income, it ranked as the #1 rated PG-13 film released in 1985, and #4 overall.[19]
Accolades[edit]
Alice Walker discusses the film
from the BBC programme Desert Island Discs, 19 May 2013[21]
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The Color Purple was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Goldberg and Best Supporting Actress for both Avery and Winfrey.[22] It failed to win any of them, tying the record set by 1977's The Turning Point for the most Oscar nominations without a single win.[15]
Awards for The Color Purple
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient
Outcome
Academy Awards March 24, 1986 Best Picture Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Quincy Jones Nominated
Best Actress in a Leading Role Whoopi Goldberg
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Margaret Avery
Oprah Winfrey
Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium Menno Meyjes
Best Cinematography Allen Daviau
Best Art Direction – Set Decoration J. Michael Riva, Bo Welch and Linda DeScenna
Best Costume Design Aggie Guerard Rodgers
Best Makeup Ken Chase
Best Music, Original Score Quincy Jones, Jeremy Lubbock, Rod Temperton, Caiphus Semenya, Andraé Crouch, Chris Boardman, Jorge Calandrelli, Joel Rosenbaum, Fred Steiner, Jack Hayes, Jerry Hey and Randy Kerber
Best Music, Original Song Quincy Jones and Rod Temperton and Lionel Richie
For the song "Miss Celie's Blues"
Golden Globe Awards January 24, 1986 Best Motion Picture – Drama
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Whoopi Goldberg Won
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Best Director – Motion Picture Steven Spielberg
Best Original Score – Motion Picture Quincy Jones
Meyjes was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 40th awards ceremony and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 38th awards ceremony.
Spielberg received his first Directors Guild of America Award at the 38th awards ceremony for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures. He became the first director to win the award without even being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director.
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1985
The Color Purple (musical), the musical theatre version of the novel.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE COLOR PURPLE (15)". British Board of Film Classification. April 10, 1986. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Color Purple filming locations". The 80s Movie Rewind. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (Dec 23, 1985). "Cinema: The Three Faces of Steve the Color Purple". Time. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
Jump up ^ Jones, Edward (20 January 1986). "The Color Purple is powerful". The Free Lance Star. Fredericksburg, VA. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Sanello, Frank (28 February 1986). "Steven Spielburg yields special effect". Ludington Daily News. Ludington, MI. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (18 December 1985). "Film: The Color Purple from Steven Spielburg". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: The". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
Jump up ^ "The Color Purple (1985)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
Jump up ^ "The Color Purple Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (Dec 20, 1985). "The Color Purple". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Jump up ^ Siskel, Gene (Dec 20, 1985). "Color Purple: Powerful, Daring, Sweetly Uplifting". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (Dec 18, 1985). "Film: 'The Color Purple,' from Steven Spielberg". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
Jump up ^ "The Color Purple". Variety. Dec 31, 1984. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Jump up ^ Clegg II, Legrand H.(Chairman, Coalition Against Black Exploitation, Compton) (Feb 16, 1986). "Bad Black Roles In 'Purple'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-30. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Friendly, David T. (Mar 27, 1986). "Academy Hits Racism Accusation". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Jump up ^ Matthews, Jack (Jan 31, 1986). "3 'Color Purple' Actresses Talk About Its Impact". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Marc. Oliver Stone interview from Playboy Magazine (1988), in Stone, Oliver and Silet, Charles L.P., editors. Oliver Stone—Interviews, University Press of Mississippi (2006), p. 87.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (28 March 2015). "The Color Purple Movie Review (1985)". rogerebert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Color Purple". Box Office Mojo. Accessed Dec. 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Matthews, Jack (Dec 25, 1985). "A Strong Start for 'Color Purple' in Christmas Box Office Race". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
Jump up ^ "Alice Walker". Desert Island Discs. 19 May 2013. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
Jump up ^ "'Out of Africa' Ties as Oscar Nominees: 11 Citations; Spielberg Not Named". The Los Angeles Times. Feb 5, 1986. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Color Purple (film)
The Color Purple on IMDb
The Color Purple at the TCM Movie Database
The Color Purple at Box Office Mojo
The Color Purple at Rotten Tomatoes
The Color Purple at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
e
Steven Spielberg
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Films directed
Firelight (1964)
Slipstream (1967)
Amblin' (1968)
Night Gallery ("Eyes" segment, 1969)
L.A. 2017 (1971)
Duel (1971)
Something Evil (1972)
Savage (1973)
The Sugarland Express (1974, also wrote)
Jaws (1975)
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977, also wrote)
1941 (1979)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Twilight Zone: The Movie ("Kick the Can" segment, 1983)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
The Color Purple (1985)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Always (1989)
Hook (1991)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schindler's List (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Amistad (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001, also wrote)
Minority Report (2002)
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
The Terminal (2004)
War of the Worlds (2005)
Munich (2005)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
The Adventures of Tintin (2011)
War Horse (2011)
Lincoln (2012)
Bridge of Spies (2015)
The BFG (2016)
The Post (2017)
Ready Player One (2018)
Films written
Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973)
Poltergeist (1982, also produced)
The Goonies (1985)
Films produced
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991)
Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)
Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
Super 8 (2011)
The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
Television
Amazing Stories (1985–87)
High Incident (1996–97)
Invasion America (1998)
See also
Steven Spielberg bibliography
Amblin Partners
Amblin Entertainment
Amblin Television
DreamWorks Television
Amblimation
DreamWorks
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Alice Walker
Books
The Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970)
Meridian (1976)
The Color Purple (1982)
The Temple of My Familiar (1989)
Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992)
Warrior Marks (1993)
Short stories
"Everyday Use" (1973)
Collections
In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens (1983)
Adaptations
The Color Purple (film)
The Color Purple (musical)
[show]
v
t
e
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Motion Picture
1972–2000
Lady Sings the Blues (1972)
Let's Do It Again (1976)
The Greatest (1978)
Fame (1980)
Bustin' Loose (1981)
An Officer and a Gentleman (1982)
A Soldier's Story (1985)
The Color Purple (1986)
Lethal Weapon (1987)
Coming to America (1988)
Lean on Me (1989)
Glory (1990)
Boyz n the Hood (1992)
Sister Act (1993)
Malcolm X (1994)
Waiting to Exhale (1996)
A Time to Kill (1997)
Soul Food (1998)
How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1999)
The Best Man (2000)
2001–present
Remember the Titans (2001)
Ali (2002)
Antwone Fisher (2003)
The Fighting Temptations (2004)
Ray (2005)
Crash (2006)
The Pursuit of Happyness (2007)
The Great Debaters (2008)
The Secret Life of Bees (2009)
Precious (2010)
For Colored Girls (2011)
The Help (2012)
Red Tails (2013)
12 Years a Slave (2014)
Selma (2015)
Straight Outta Compton (2016)
Hidden Figures (2017)
Girls Trip (2018)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Color_Purple_(film)&oldid=832544794"
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text:
Hanna R. Hall
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Hanna Hall" redirects here. For the Waynesburg University building, see Hanna Hall (Waynesburg University).
Hanna R. Hall
Born
Hanna Rose Hall
(1984-07-09) July 9, 1984 (age 33)
Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Alma mater
Vancouver Film School
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1994–present
Hanna Rose Hall (born July 9, 1984) is an American actress. She made her film debut in Forrest Gump (1994), and later appeared in Sofia Coppola's The Virgin Suicides (1999) and Rob Zombie's Halloween (2007).
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
4 References
5 External links
Early life[edit]
Hall was born in Denver, Colorado. Her family moved into the mountains when she was two years-old, but she remained in Colorado until age eighteen.[1] After high school, she lived in Hawaii and Los Angeles before moving to Vancouver, British Columbia, where she attended the Vancouver Film School.[1]
Career[edit]
When she was seven years-old, Hall attended Nina Axelrod's open casting call for Robert Zemeckis's Forrest Gump. A few callbacks later, Hall was eventually cast as young Jenny Curran.[1] This was followed by a role as an orphaned child in the 1996 television film Homecoming, co-starring Anne Bancroft.
Hall screen tested for the role of Lux Lisbon in Sofia Coppola's film adaptation of The Virgin Suicides, but was considered too young for the part so she was cast as Cecilia Lisbon instead.[1] She appeared in several independent films following this, before being cast in Rob Zombie's remake of Halloween (2007) as Judith Myers, the sister of murderer Michael Myers. In 2009, she appeared in the independent comedy American Cowslip (2009), opposite Val Kilmer, Diane Ladd, and Cloris Leachman.
In 2012, Hall began working as a theater director in Venice, California, directing underground plays.[2] She has also appeared on television series, including guest roles on Criminal Minds and Masters of Sex.
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1994 Forrest Gump Young Jenny Curran
1995 Goldilocks and the Three Bears Goldi
1999 Virgin Suicides, TheThe Virgin Suicides Cecilia Lisbon
2004 Jail Bait Bess Short film
2005 Edward Cole Crystal Short film
2006 White Picket Fence Sarah Durley Short film
2006 Bright Lights Samantha Short film
2007 Halloween Judith Myers
2007 Neal Cassady Sophie Bloom
2007 Truth About Faces, TheThe Truth About Faces Jules Whitfield Short film
2008 Text Sarah
2009 American Cowslip Georgia
2010 Numbers Game, AA Numbers Game Carly
2010 Happiness Runs Becky
2010 Radio Free Albemuth Vivian Kaplan
2011 Scalene Paige Alexander
2012 Hawken Natalie Video short
2012 Visible Scars Becky Comfort
2013 Meeting Place, TheThe Meeting Place Miss Johnsonhobber Short film
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Homecoming Marybeth TIllerman TV film
1996 Her Desperate Choice Samantha TV film
2001 Amy & Isabelle Amy Goodrow TV film
2006 Standoff Rose Anders "Man of Steele"
2012 Criminal Minds Connie Foster "The Lesson"
2015 Masters of Sex Linda Einhorn "Parliament of Owls"
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stryker, Jonathan (September 12, 2007). "Exclusive Interview: Hanna Hall". HouseofHorrors.com. Retrieved September 12, 2007.
Jump up ^ Dennino, Nadine (June 7, 2012). "Hanna Hall, Actress Who Played Young Jenny In ?Forrest Gump,? All Grown Up". The International Business Times. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
External links[edit]
Hanna R. Hall on IMDb
Hanna R. Hall at AllMovie
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The Man Who Never Was
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the 1956 film. For other uses, see The Man Who Never Was (disambiguation).
The Man Who Never Was
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ronald Neame
Produced by
André Hakim
Written by
Ewen Montagu (book)
Screenplay by
Nigel Balchin
Based on
The Man Who Never Was (1953 book)
Starring
Clifton Webb
Gloria Grahame
Robert Flemyng
Music by
Alan Rawsthorne
Cinematography
Oswald Morris
Edited by
Peter Taylor
Production
company
Sumar Productions
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
15 March 1956 (1956-03-15) (London)
Running time
103 min.
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
The Man Who Never Was is a 1956 UK Second World War film, produced by André Hakim, directed by Ronald Neame, that stars Clifton Webb, Gloria Grahame and Robert Flemyng. It is based on the book of the same name by Lt. Cmdr. Ewen Montagu and dramatises actual events. The film's storyline concerns Operation Mincemeat, a 1943 British Intelligence plan to deceive the Axis powers into thinking Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, would take place elsewhere in the Mediterranean.
The Man Who Never Was was entered into the 1956 Cannes Film Festival.[1] Nigel Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year.[2]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Historical accuracy
4 Reception
5 The Goon Show
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1943, Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander, Ewen Montagu (Clifton Webb), comes up with a scheme to deceive the Nazis about the impending invasion of Southern Europe. It entails releasing a dead body just off the coast of Spain, where strong currents will almost certainly cause it to drift ashore in an area where a skilled German secret agent operates. The corpse will appear as a plane crash victim, the non-existent Royal Marine, Major William Martin, who is carrying false letters about a forthcoming Allied invasion of Greece, rather than the obvious target of Sicily. Time is short, but the impatient Montagu is finally given approval to carry out the mission: Operation Mincemeat.
On the advice of a medical expert, Montagu procures the body of a man who died of pneumonia (so that he will seem to have drowned) from the grieving father. Then, after proper preparations, he and his assistant, Lt. Acres (Robert Flemyng), take the corpse (concealed in a canister packed with dry ice) to a waiting submarine. The submarine travels to the Mediterranean, along the way evading a depth-charge attack, before surfacing at night to release the body. As hoped, the body washes ashore on a Spanish beach and is processed by local authorities, observed by German and British consulate staff. After the attache case containing the letters is returned to London, as part of the personal possessions of the deceased Major Martin, Montagu is disappointed the documents do not appear to have been tampered with. However, a laboratory expert confirms that the key letter, describing the (false) Allied attack in Greece, was cleverly opened and resealed.
Hitler is convinced the document is genuine, even though a German intelligence officer is sceptical. He orders an IRA Nazi spy, Patrick O'Reilly (Stephen Boyd) dispatched to London to investigate. What O'Reilly uncovers is inconclusive, in his mind, until he checks out Martin's "fiancée", Lucy Sherwood (Gloria Grahame). She is the roommate of Montagu's assistant, Pam (Josephine Griffin). O'Reilly shows up at their flat, posing as Martin's old friend, on the same day Lucy received news that her real boyfriend has been killed in action. Her genuine grief mostly convinces O'Reilly. As a final test, however, he leaves the address of his lodgings in north London, telling Lucy to contact him if she needs anything. He then informs his German superiors by radio to expect a message from him in an hour, unless British counterintelligence comes for him. Montagu almost makes this very mistake, but realises in time why O'Reilly left his address and, with some difficulty, convinces his superiors not to order O'Reilly to be arrested. O'Reilly then sends a "Martin genuine!" radio message, and the Nazis transfer most of their Sicily-based forces to Greece, making the Allied deceit successful.
After the war, Montagu leaves a medal he was awarded at the grave of "the man who never was".
Cast[edit]
Clifton Webb as Lt. Cmdr. Ewen Montagu
Gloria Grahame as Lucy Sherwood
Robert Flemyng as Lt. George Acres
Josephine Griffin as Pam
Stephen Boyd as Patrick O'Reilly
Laurence Naismith as Adm. Cross
William Russell as Joe (Lucy's fiancé)
Geoffrey Keen as Gen. Archibald Nye
Moultrie Kelsall as the Father
Cyril Cusack as Taxi Driver
André Morell as Sir Bernard Spilsbury
Michael Hordern as Gen. Coburn
William Squire as submarine commander Bill Jewell
Allan Cuthbertson as Vice-Admiral
Joan Hickson as Landlady
Terence Longdon as Larry (as Terence Longden)
Gibb McLaughlin as Club Porter
Gordon Bell as Customs Officer
Ewen Montagu as an Air Vice Marshal (uncredited)
Historical accuracy[edit]
Operation Mincemeat involved the acquisition and dressing up of a human cadaver as a "Major William Martin, R.M." and putting it into the sea near Huelva, Spain. Attached to the dead body was a briefcase containing fake letters falsely stating that the Allied attack would be against Sardinia and Greece rather than Sicily, the actual point of invasion. When the body was found, the Spanish Intelligence Service passed copies of the papers to the German Intelligence Service which passed them on to their High Command. The ruse was so successful that the Germans still believed that Sardinia and Greece were the intended objectives weeks after the landings in Sicily had begun.
The screenplay of the film stayed as close to the truth as was convenient, with the remainder being fiction. For example, the Irish spy in the film is a complete fabrication. The British Secret Service controlled the German spy network in the UK with its Double-Cross System, though this fact was still secret at the time the film was made. Ewen Montagu declared that he was happy with the fictitious incidents which, although they did not happen, might have happened. During filming, Montagu has a cameo role, that of a Royal Air Force air vice-marshal who has doubts about the feasibility of the proposed plan. It was described by Ben Macintyre in Operation Mincemeat as a "surreal" moment when the real Montagu addressed his fictional persona, played by Webb.[citation needed]
Reception[edit]
The film earned an estimated $1.1 million in North American rentals in 1956.[3]
The Radio Times wrote, "the picture may appear overly reverent by today's standards. But this is still a crucial wartime spy tale that is well worth watching."[4]
The Goon Show[edit]
The BBC's popular radio comedy show, The Goon Show, made a send-up of the story of The Man Who Never Was (based on the book) and incorporated most of the regular Goon Show characters. Written by Spike Milligan and Larry Stephens, the first version of the script formed two-thirds of the episode broadcast on 31 March 1953, before the film's release, with the first third comprising a separate sketch. Like most of the early episodes, this no longer exists. Milligan and Stephens later wrote a full-length version which was broadcast on 20 March 1956. Milligan later revised this script for the episode broadcast on 17 February 1958.[5] Both of the later versions have been issued on CD sets. Coincidentally, Peter Sellers (one of the Goons) provided the voice of Winston Churchill in the film, although the character did not appear in The Goon Show adaptation.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: The Man Who Never Was". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
Jump up ^ "BAFTA Awards". awards.bafta.org.
Jump up ^ 'The Top Box-Office Hits of 1956', Variety Weekly, 2 January 1957
Jump up ^ "The Man Who Never Was – review - cast and crew, movie star rating and where to watch film on TV and online". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ "The Man Who Never Was, The Goon Show - BBC Radio 4 Extra". BBC.
Jump up ^ "The Man Who Never Was".
External links[edit]
The Man Who Never Was on IMDb
The Man Who Never Was at AllMovie
The Man Who Never Was at the TCM Movie Database
The Man Who Never Was at the American Film Institute Catalog
hide
v
t
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Films directed by Ronald Neame
Take My Life (1947)
Golden Salamander (1950)
The Card (1952)
The Million Pound Note (1954)
The Man Who Never Was (1956)
The Seventh Sin (1957)
Windom's Way (1957)
The Horse's Mouth (1958)
Tunes of Glory (1960)
Escape from Zahrain (1962)
I Could Go On Singing (1963)
The Chalk Garden (1964)
Mister Moses (1965)
A Man Could Get Killed (1966)
Gambit (1966)
Prudence and the Pill (1968)
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969)
Scrooge (1970)
The Poseidon Adventure (1972)
The Odessa File (1974)
Meteor (1979)
Hopscotch (1980)
First Monday in October (1981)
Foreign Body (1986)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Man_Who_Never_Was&oldid=853769469"
Categories:
English-language films
Operation Mincemeat
1956 films
1950s war films
British films
British war films
Films directed by Ronald Neame
Films set in 1943
Films set in Spain
Films set in London
Royal Navy in World War II films
World War II films based on actual events
World War II spy films
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PS/2 port
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"PS/2 keyboard" and "PS/2 mouse" redirect here. For the keyboards normally supplied with IBM PS/2 computers, see Model M keyboard. For peripherals and game conversions for the video game console, see PlayStation 2.
PS/2 port
The color-coded PS/2 connection ports (purple for keyboard and green for mouse)
Type
Keyboard and computer mouse data connector
Production history
Designer
IBM
Designed
1987; 31 years ago (1987)
Superseded
DIN connector, DE-9 connector and Mini-DIN-9 InPort
Superseded by
USB
General specifications
Hot pluggable
No
External
Yes
Cable
4 wires plus shield
Pins
6
Connector
Mini-DIN-6
Electrical
Signal
5 V DC
Max. voltage
7000500000000000000♠5.0±0.5 V
Max. current
275 mA
Data
Data signal
Serial data at 10.0–16.7 kHz with 1 start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first), 1 parity bit (odd), 1 stop bit, [1 ack bit (if host-to-device)]
Bitrate
7–12 kbit/s
Max. devices
1 or 2[a]
Protocol
Serial
Pin out
Female connector from the front
Pin 1
+DATA Data
Pin 2
Not connected[b]
Pin 3
GND Ground
Pin 4
Vcc +5 V DC at 275 mA
Pin 5
+CLK Clock
Pin 6
Not connected[c]
Jump up ^ Keyboard and mouse ports may be combined into a single port which can be used to connect both by splitter cable.
Jump up ^ Sometimes, keyboard Data for splitter cable.
Jump up ^ Sometimes, keyboard Clock for splitter cable.
The PS/2 port is a 6-pin mini-DIN connector used for connecting keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system. Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers, with which it was introduced in 1987. The PS/2 mouse connector generally replaced the older DE-9 RS-232 "serial mouse" connector, while the PS/2 keyboard connector replaced the larger 5-pin/180° DIN connector used in the IBM PC/AT design. The PS/2 designs on keyboard and mouse interfaces are electrically similar and employ the same communication protocol. However, unlike the otherwise similar Apple Desktop Bus connector used by Apple, a given system's keyboard and mouse port may not be interchangeable since the two devices use a different set of commands.
Contents
1 Communication protocol
2 Port availability
2.1 Legacy port status and USB
2.2 Conversion between PS/2 and USB
3 Color code
4 Hardware issues
4.1 Hotplugging
4.2 Durability
4.3 Fault isolation
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Communication protocol[edit]
Communication is serial, synchronous and bidirectional.[1] The attached device generates the clock signal. The host controls communication using the clock line; when the host pulls the clock low, communication from the device is inhibited.
Port availability[edit]
Older laptops and most contemporary motherboards have a single port that supports either a keyboard or a mouse. Sometimes the port also allows one of the devices to be connected to the two normally unused pins in the connector to allow both to be connected at once through a special splitter cable.[2] This configuration is common on IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad notebooks among many others.
The PS/2 keyboard interface was electrically the same as for the 5-pin DIN connector on former AT keyboards, and keyboards designed for one can be connected to the other with a simple wiring adapter. In contrast to this, the PS/2 mouse interface is substantially different from RS-232 (which was generally used for mice on PCs without PS/2 ports), but nonetheless many mice were made that could operate on both with a simple passive wiring adapter, where the mice would detect the presence of the adapter due to its wiring and then switch protocols accordingly.
PS/2 mouse and keyboard connectors have also been used in non-IBM PC-compatible computer systems, such as the DEC AlphaStation line, early IBM RS/6000 CHRP machines and SGI Indy, Indigo 2, and newer (Octane, etc.) computers.[3] Various Macintosh clone computers from the late 1990s featured PS/2 mouse and keyboard ports, including the Motorola StarMax and the Power Computing PowerBase.[4]
Legacy port status and USB[edit]
PS/2 is now considered a legacy port, with USB ports now normally preferred for connecting keyboards and mice. This dates back at least as far as the Intel/Microsoft PC 2001 specification of 2000.
However, PS/2 ports continue to be included on many computer motherboards, and are favored by some users, for various reasons including:
PS/2 ports may be favored for security reasons in a corporate environment as they allow USB ports to be totally disabled, preventing the connection of any USB removable disks and malicious USB devices.[5]
The PS/2 interface provides no restriction on key rollover. The USB HID keyboard interface requires that it explicitly handle key rollover, with the full HID keyboard class supporting n-key rollover. However, the USB boot keyboard class (designed to allow the BIOS to easily provide a keyboard in the absence of OS USB HID support) only allows 6-key rollover. Some keyboard peripherals support only the latter class, and some OSes may fail to switch to using the full HID keyboard class with a device after boot.[6] Short rollover hinders fast typists (including use in games), as well as users who depend on unusual hotkeys to be recognized by special software (for example, for system development purposes) or seek to use alternative input methods like Braille or chorded input.[citation needed]
Some USB keyboards may not be able to operate the BIOS on certain motherboards due to driver issues or lack of support. The PS/2 interface has near-universal compatibility with BIOS.
They cause fewer problems when KVM switching with non-Wintel systems.[citation needed]
USB mice have lower latencies than PS/2 mice because standard USB mice are polled at a default rate of 125 hertz while standard PS/2 mice send interrupts at a default rate of 100 hertz when they have data to send to the computer.[7][8] Also, USB mice do not cause the USB controller to interrupt the system when they have no status change to report according to the USB HID specification's default profile for mice.[9] Both PS/2 and USB allow the sample rate to be overridden, with PS/2 supporting a sampling rate of up to 200 hertz[1] and USB supporting a polling rate up to 1 kilohertz[7] as long as the mouse runs at full-speed USB speeds or higher.
Conversion between PS/2 and USB[edit]
Many keyboards and mice were specifically designed to support both the USB and the PS/2 interfaces and protocols, selecting the appropriate connection type at power-on. Such devices are generally equipped with a USB connector and ship with a passive wiring adapter to allow connection to a PS/2 port. Such passive adapters are not standardized and may therefore be specific to the device they came with. They cannot be used to adapt other devices to PS/2 ports.[citation needed] While combi-devices supporting USB and PS/2 are still available, most USB keyboards and mice in the 2010s no longer come with or even support the PS/2 protocol.[citation needed] Connecting them to a PS/2 port would require an adapter, actively translating between the protocols. Such adapters only support certain classes of USB devices such as keyboards and mice, but are not model- or vendor-specific.
Older PS/2-only peripherals can be connected to a USB port via an active adapter, which generally provides a pair of PS/2 ports at the cost of one USB port.[10]
Color code[edit]
Original PS/2 connectors were black or had the same color as the connecting cable (mainly white). Later the PC 97 standard introduced a color code: the keyboard port, and the plugs on compliant keyboards, were purple; mouse ports and plugs were green. (Some vendors initially used a different color code; Logitech used the color orange for the keyboard connector for a short period, but soon switched to purple.) Today this code is still used on most PCs. The pinouts of the connectors are the same, but most computers will not recognize devices connected to the wrong port.
Color
Description
Purple Keyboard
Green Mouse
Hardware issues[edit]
This section: Hardware issues needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Hotplugging[edit]
PS/2 ports are designed to connect the digital I/O lines of the microcontroller in the external device directly to the digital lines of the microcontroller on the motherboard. They are not designed to be hot swappable. Hot swapping PS/2 devices usually does not cause damage because more modern microcontrollers tend to have more robust I/O lines built into them which are harder to damage than those of older controllers;[11] however, hot swapping can still potentially cause damage on older machines, or machines with less robust port implementations.
If they are hot swapped, the devices must be similar enough that the driver running on the host system recognizes, and can be used with, the new device. Otherwise, the new device will not function properly. While this is seldom an issue with standard keyboard devices, the host system rarely recognizes the new device attached to the PS/2 mouse port. In practice most keyboards can be hot swapped but this should be avoided.
Durability[edit]
Bus powered PS/2-to-USB adapter
PS/2 connectors are not designed to be plugged in and out very often, which can lead to bent or broken pins. PS/2 connectors insert in only one direction and must be rotated correctly before attempting connection. Most but not all connectors include an arrow or flat section which is usually aligned to the right or top of the jack before being plugged in. The exact direction may vary on older or non-ATX computers and care should be taken to avoid damaged or bent pins when connecting devices. This issue is slightly alleviated in modern times with the advent of the PS/2-to-USB adapter: users can just leave a PS/2 connector plugged into the PS/2-to-USB adapter at all times and not risk damaging the pins this way. A USB-to-PS/2 adapter does not have this problem.
Fault isolation[edit]
As noted, in a standard implementation both PS/2 ports are usually controlled by a single microcontroller on the motherboard. This makes design and manufacturing extremely simple and cheap. However, a rare side effect of this design is that a malfunctioning device can cause the controller to become confused, resulting in both devices acting erratically. The resulting problems can be difficult to troubleshoot (e.g., a bad mouse can cause problems that appear to be the fault of the keyboard and vice versa).
See also[edit]
BIOS interrupt call
DIN connector on IBM PC keyboards
Bus mouse
Connections on mice
DE-9 connector
USB
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.computer-engineering.org/ps2mouse/
Jump up ^ "PS/2 Keyboard (IBM Thinkpad) Y adapter". RU: Pinouts. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
Jump up ^ Lenerz, Gerhard (7 November 2006). "Common Input Devices". Hardware. SGIstuff. Archived from the original on 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-03-14.
Jump up ^ "Power Computing PowerBase". Low end Mac. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
Jump up ^ "Massive, undetectable security flaw found in USB: It's time to get your PS/2 keyboard out of the cupboard". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "N-key Rollover via PS/2 and USB". Geek hack. Archived from the original on 2010-12-25.
^ Jump up to: a b http://eu.cybergamer.com/forums/thread/260663/Mouse-Optimization-Guide:-Acceleration-Fix-and-Polling-Rate/
Jump up ^ http://web.fe.up.pt/~pfs/aulas/lcom2012/labs/lab5/lab5.html
Jump up ^ "Device Class Definition for HID 1.11" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "The pros and cons of PS-2 to USB adapters and converters".
Jump up ^ Adam Chapweske (2003-09-05). "The PS/2 Mouse/Keyboard Protocol". Retrieved 2016-11-26.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to PS/2 connector.
"Keyboard and Auxiliary Device Controller" (PDF). Hardware Interface Technical Reference -Common Technical-. IBM. October 1990. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
PS/2 keyboard and mouse mini-DIN 6 connector pinouts, Burton sys .
PS/2 In-depth information, Computer engineering .
Technical information on Interfacing with the AT keyboard, Beyond logic .
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