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Fifty Shades Freed (film)
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Fifty Shades Freed
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
James Foley
Produced by
Michael De Luca
E. L. James
Dana Brunetti
Marcus Viscidi
Screenplay by
Niall Leonard
Based on
Fifty Shades Freed
by E. L. James
Starring
Dakota Johnson
Jamie Dornan
Eric Johnson
Rita Ora
Luke Grimes
Victor Rasuk
Jennifer Ehle
Arielle Kebbel
Marcia Gay Harden
Music by
Danny Elfman
Cinematography
John Schwartzman
Edited by
Richard Francis-Bruce
Debra Neil-Fisher
Production
company
Perfect World Pictures
Michael De Luca Productions
Trigger Street Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06) (Paris)
February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09) (United States)
Running time
105 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$55 million[2]
Box office
$368.3 million[2]
Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on the novel of the same name by E. L. James. It is the third and final installment in the Fifty Shades film series, following Fifty Shades of Grey (2015) and Fifty Shades Darker (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them.
Principal photography on Fifty Shades Freed began simultaneously with Darker in February 2016, in Paris and Vancouver. The film was released in the United States on February 9, 2018, including a limited IMAX release. It has grossed $368 million worldwide, making it the 5th highest-grossing film of 2018, and, like its two predecessors, received negative reviews, with criticism aimed at its screenplay and performances.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Release
5 Music
5.1 Track listing
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The newly married, Christian and Anastasia, cut short their exotic honeymoon and return to Seattle after receiving news of a break-in at Christian's corporate headquarters. Some computer files were stolen and security camera tapes identify the perpetrator as Jack Hyde, Ana's former boss who was fired for sexual assault. Meanwhile, Ana is introduced to her new personal security team.
Christian surprises Ana with a new house and has hired architect Gia Matteo to rebuild it. Ana is dismayed when Gia, an attractive young woman, openly flirts with Christian in Ana's presence. Ana, jealous, privately threatens to dismiss Gia if she continues her flirtatious behavior, forcing her to stop.
When Christian is away on a business trip, Ana disregards his wishes that she stay at home, and goes out for a drink with her friend, Kate Kavanagh. Kate, who is dating Christian's older brother, Elliot, confides to Ana that their relationship may be fizzling; Elliot is working closely with Gia, the architect, and Kate is suspicious about their relationship. When Ana returns home, she encounters Jack Hyde, who attempts to kidnap her. Ana's security team subdue him as he holds Ana hostage and he is arrested. After an argument with Christian about her having sneaked out to see Kate, Ana berates Christian for being overly controlling and possessive and demands more freedom. Soon after, Christian surprises Ana with a trip to Aspen, bringing along Kate, Elliot, Mia, and José.
Christian and Ana continue with their erotic sexual experimentation, but matters become complicated when Ana announces she is pregnant. Christian is deeply disturbed, saying he had other plans for their early years together. He leaves, going on a night-long drunken bender. The next day, Ana discovers that Christian had recently contacted his ex-lover and former BDSM dominant, Elena Lincoln.
Shortly after, Jack Hyde, released on a $500,000 bond, phones Ana demanding a ransom for Mia, Christian's abducted sister. Hyde demands $5,000,000 in cash in two hours or Mia will be killed. He warns Ana to tell no one and to bring the money alone. Ana takes some cash and a revolver from the house safe, then goes to the bank to withdraw the full amount. The suspicious bank manager calls Christian. He thinks Ana is leaving him but then notices the coincidence of Hyde's recent release and Ana's sudden large cash withdrawal. Hyde instructs Ana to get into a car parked in the alley and to hand over her phone to the driver to discard. Ana tricks Hyde by taking the bank manager's phone. She exits the back entrance to discover that the driver and Jack's accomplice is her co-worker, Liz.
Ana arrives at the drop-off site with the money. Hyde, psychotic and vengeful, attacks Ana, kicking her abdomen. Liz tries to stop Jack as Ana pulls out the revolver and shoots Hyde in the leg. Christian and his security team, who electronically tracked Ana's cell phone, arrive and apprehend Hyde and Liz. Ana blacks out as she hears Christian's voice.
Ana awakens three days later in the hospital with Christian at her side. Though angry at Ana's recklessness and still anxious about fatherhood, Christian realizes how important their baby is to her, and they reconcile. Christian's adoptive mother, Grace, assures Christian that Ana will not leave him. Ana returns home the next day. Christian's private investigator, Welch, reports that Christian and Hyde shared the same foster family. It is also learned that Hyde blackmailed Liz into being his accomplice. Christian and Ana later locate where Christian's birth mother is buried; they visit and Christian lays flowers on her grave.
Two years later, Christian and Ana have a son called Theodore, and Ana is pregnant with their second child.
Cast[edit]
Dakota Johnson as Anastasia 'Ana' Steele-Grey
Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey
Eric Johnson as Jack Hyde, Ana’s former boss and stalker.
Luke Grimes as Elliot Grey, older brother of Christian and Mia Grey, and Katherine’s fiancé.
Eloise Mumford as Katherine Kavanagh, Ana’s best friend and Elliot Grey’s fiancée.
Marcia Gay Harden as Grace Trevelyan Grey, Christian’s adoptive mother.
Rita Ora as Mia Grey, adoptive daughter of Carrick Grey and Dr. Grace Trevelyan Grey, and younger sister of Christian and Elliot Grey.
Jennifer Ehle as Carla May Wilks, Anastasia's mother.
Callum Keith Rennie as Ray, Anastasia's former stepfather.
Amy Price-Francis as Liz Morgan, Jack's accomplice.
Tyler Hoechlin as Boyce Fox, popular author whose books are published by SIP.
Ashleigh LaThrop as Hannah, Ana's co-worker and friend.
Bruce Altman as Jerry Roach.
Victor Rasuk as José Rodriguez, one of Anastasia's friends.
Arielle Kebbel as Gia Matteo, the architect recommended by Elliot Grey to design Anastasia and Christian's future home.
Fay Masterson as Gail Jones, Christian's housekeeper.
Hiro Kanagawa as Detective Clark.
Max Martini as Jason Taylor, Christian’s bodyguard.
Robinne Lee as Ros Bailey, Christian's second in command.
Brant Daugherty as Luke Sawyer, Ana’s bodyguard.
Production[edit]
A film adaptation of the first book was produced by Michael De Luca Productions,[3][4] with Universal Pictures and Focus Features securing the rights to the trilogy in March 2012.[3] At a fan screening in New York City on February 6, director Sam Taylor-Johnson announced that the book sequels Fifty Shades Darker and Fifty Shades Freed would also be adapted, with the first to be released in 2016.[5] Right after the announcement, Taylor-Johnson told Digital Spy that, "It's not my decision [to return], and I haven't been privy to any of the discussions."[6] On November 12, 2015, TheWrap confirmed that James Foley would direct both sequels which would be shot back-to-back in 2016, with Niall Leonard writing the script and Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti returning to produce along with E. L. James and Marcus Viscidi.[7] Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan would also return for lead roles.[7] On February 8, 2016, Arielle Kebbel was cast in the film to play Gia Matteo, a beautiful architect who is hired by Christian to build his home.[8] On February 12, 2016, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde, Ana's boss at SIP and stalker.[9] On February 20, 2016, Brant Daugherty signed on to play Sawyer, the personal body guard for Anastasia Steele.[10]
Filming[edit]
In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that Fifty Shades Darker and this film would be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016.[11] Filming began in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016, to July 12, 2016, under the working title, "Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3."[12][13][14]
Release[edit]
Fifty Shades Freed was released on February 9, 2018, by Universal Pictures.[15] A teaser trailer was released on September 10, 2017,[16] with a theatrical trailer being released later on November 6.[17]
Music[edit]
Fifty Shades Freed: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
Released
February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09)
Recorded
2017
Genre
Electro-R&B
alternative R&B
pop
electropop
Length
1hr 13mins
Label
Universal Studios
Republic
Producer
Danny Elfman
Ali Payami
Benjamin Rice
BloodPop
Peter Karlsson
Andrew Watt
Oligee
Black Atlass
XXYYXX
Whethan
John Hill
Rob Cohen
Rissi Palmer
Julian Gramma
Geoffro
Rice N' Peas
J Remy
Hybrid
Mark Jackson
Ian Scott
Freddy Wexler
Spencer Lee
Joe Pringle
Eric Valentine
Mattman & Robin
Nasri
Adam Messinger
Miike Snow
Jordan Palmer
Shungudzo Kuyimba
DJ Camper
Ryan Marrone
Oliver Kraus
Louis the Child
Max Martin
Harvey Mason Jr.
Fifty Shades soundtrack chronology
Fifty Shades Darker
(2017) Fifty Shades Freed
(2018)
Singles from Fifty Shades Freed: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"For You"
Released: 5 January 2018
"Capital Letters"
Released: 12 January 2018
"Heaven"
Released: 26 January 2018
The lead single from the film's soundtrack, "For You", performed by Rita Ora and Liam Payne, was released on January 5, 2018. The soundtrack's track list was released on January 8, 2018, including artists Julia Michaels, Sia, Jessie J, Black Atlass, Ellie Goulding, Hailee Steinfeld, Dua Lipa, and Miike Snow on the 22-song album.[18]
Track listing[edit]
Fifty Shades Freed: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – standard edition
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Capital Letters" (performed by Hailee Steinfeld and BloodPop)
Michael Tucker
Rachel Keen
Hailee Steinfeld
Andrew Jackson
Elena Goulding
Ely Weisfield
BloodPop
Ben Rice
2. "For You" (performed by Rita Ora and Liam Payne)
Liam Payne
Rita Sahatçiu
Andrew Watt
Alexander Payami
Alexandra Tamposi
Peter Karlsson
Ali Payami
Watt
3. "Sacrifice" (performed by Black Atlass featuring Jessie Reyez)
Alexander "Black Atlass" Fleming
Jessica Reyez
Oliver Goldstein
Marcel Everett
Billy Walsh
Jason Quenneville
Black Atlass
Oligee
XXYYXX[a]
4. "High" (performed by Whethan and Dua Lipa)
Ethan Snoreck
Dua Lipa
Jonathan Hill
Sarah Aarons
Whethan
John Hill
Rob Cohen
5. "Heaven" (performed by Julia Michaels)
Julia Michaels
Brian Garcia
Uzoechi Emenike
Morten Ristorp Jansen
Taylor Parks
Rissi Palmer
6. "Big Spender" (performed by Kiana Ledé featuring Prince Charlez)
Kiana Ledé Brown
Jared Cotter
Jeremy Skaller
Charles Hinshaw Jr.
Julian Gramma
Geoffrey Early
Adam Daniel
Andrew Bazzi
Cotter
J Gramm
Geoffro[a]
J Remy[b]
Rice N Peas[b]
7. "Never Tear Us Apart" (performed by Bishop Briggs)
Andrew Farriss
Michael Hutchence
HyBrid
Mark Jackson[a]
Ian Scott[a]
8. "The Wolf" (performed by The Spencer Lee Band)
Spencer Lee
Freddy Wexler
Eric Valentine
Lee
Joe Pringle
Wexler
Valentine[a]
9. "Are You" (performed by Julia Michaels)
Michaels
Mattias Larsson
Robin Fredriksson
Justin Tranter
Mattman & Robin
10. "Cross Your Mind" (performed by Sabrina Claudio)
Sabrina Claudio
Adam Messinger
Nasri Atweh
Hayley Penner
Nasri
Messinger
11. "Change Your Mind" (performed by Miike Snow)
Andrew Wyatt
Pontus Winnberg
Christian Karlsson
Miike Snow
12. "Come On Back" (performed by Shungudzo Kuyimba)
Alexandra "Shungudzo" Govere
Jordan Palmer
Jennifer Owen Youngs
Shungudzo Kuyimba
Palmer
13. "I Got You (I Feel Good)" (performed by Jessie J)
James Brown
DJ Camper
14. "(Te Meilleure Ennemie) Pearls" (performed by Samantha Gongol featuring Juliette Armanet)
Samantha Gongol
Ryan Marrone
Juliette Armanet
Marrone
15. "Deer In Headlights" (performed by Sia)
Sia Furler
Samuel Dixon
Oliver Kraus
16. "Diddy Bop" (performed by Jacob Banks and Louis the Child)
Jacob Banks
Freddy Kennett
Robby Hauldren
Louis the Child
17. "Love Me Like You Do" (performed by Ellie Goulding)
Ebba Nilsson
Payami
Ilya Salmanzadeh
Savan Kotecha
Karl Sandberg
Max Martin
Payami
18. "Freed" (performed by Danny Elfman)
Danny Elfman
Elfman
19. "Seeing Red" (performed by Danny Elfman)
Elfman
Elfman
Fifty Shades Freed: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – bonus tracks
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
20. "Maybe I'm Amazed" (performed by Jamie Dornan)
Paul McCartney
Harvey Mason Jr.
21. "Cross Your Mind" (Spanish version) (performed by Sabrina Claudio)
Claudio
Messinger
Atweh
Penner
Luis Riog
Atweh
Messinger
22. "Pearls" (performed by Samantha Gongol)
Gongol
Marrone
Marrone
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Fifty Shades Freed has grossed $100.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $267.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $368.3 million, against a production budget of $55 million.[2]
In the United States and Canada, Fifty Shades Freed was released alongside Peter Rabbit and The 15:17 to Paris, and was projected to gross $37–40 million from 3,768 theaters in its opening weekend.[19] It made $5.6 million from Thursday night previews, down 2% from the $5.7 million made by Fifty Shades Darker the previous year. It ended up making $38.6 million over the weekend, the lowest of the trilogy but still enough to take first place at the box office.[20] The film grossed $10.8 million on Valentine's Day, marking the third-highest amount for when the holiday fell on a weekday, behind The Vow ($11.6 million in 2012) and Darker ($11 million), bringing its five-day gross to $56.1 million.[21] In its second weekend the film made $17.3 million, dropping 55.1% (a slightly better hold than the previous film) and finishing third behind newcomer Black Panther and Peter Rabbit.[22]
Worldwide, the film was expected to make $80–90 million from 57 countries, including France, Germany, the UK, Australia, Brazil, Mexico and Japan, in its first three days for a worldwide debut of $113–130 million.[23] It ended up grossing $98.1 million from overseas for global debut of $136.9 million; it marked a 7% decrease from the previous film but still finished first in 54 of the 57 markets. Its leading countries were Germany ($10.7 million), the United Kingdom ($8.8 million) and France ($8.7 million).[24]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 13% based on 144 reviews, and an average rating of 3.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Fifty Shades Freed brings its titillating trilogy to a clumsy conclusion, making for a film franchise that adds up to a distinctly dissatisfying ménage à trois."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100 based on 41 critics, meaning "generally unfavorable reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by Darker, while comScore reported that 56% of females (who made up 81% of the opening weekend) gave the film a "definite recommend".[20]
Writing for Variety, Guy Lodge was critical of the film, saying "Indeed, a sex-free, PG-13 version of Freed could be cut without shedding a second of narrative coherence, such as it is; one could ask what the point of that would be, though similar queries might be leveled at the film as it stands."[27] Rolling Stone's Peter Travers gave the film zero out of four, stating "With this last entry, we have officially hit the bottom of the barrel. Whips, chains, butt plugs and nipple clips are nothing compared to the sheer torture of watching this movie."[28] Robbie Collin from The Telegraph gave the film one out of five stars, and wrote "This is a film in which one of the more emotionally detailed performances is given by a product-placement Audi."[29]
Jeannette Catsoulis, writing for The New York Times, found the film to be significantly inferior to Kim Basinger's 9½ Weeks, stating: "Layering a damp-squib thriller subplot beneath what appears to be an ad campaign for the one-percent lifestyle, the returning director and screenwriter test the newly married couple with an inconvenient pregnancy and an unconvincing car chase. There’s an out-of-left-field abduction and a marital tiff over email addresses; but these narrative fragments, lazily tossed together alongside a neglected supporting cast, are no more than a flimsy causeway connecting bonking sessions."[30]
Conversely, IndieWire reviewer Manuela Lazic gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Finally, the Fifty Shades phenomenon has yielded a disarming comedy that makes this ridiculous material fun to watch."[31]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "FIFTY SHADES FREED (18)". British Board of Film Classification. January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fifty Shades Freed (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr, Mike (March 26, 2012). "Universal Pictures and Focus Features win Fifty Shades of Grey". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Miller, Julie (July 10, 2012). "Fifty Shades of Grey Film Gets Oscar-Nominated Producers, Christian Grey–Casting Inspiration". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Schumann, Rebecka (February 6, 2015). "'Fifty Shades of Grey' Sequels Confirmed; Fans React To 'Fifty Shades Darker' And 'Fifty Shades Freed' Movie Announcement". International Business Times. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dibdin, Emma (February 13, 2015). "Sam Taylor-Johnson on 50 Shades of Grey sequel: 'It's not my decision'". Digital Spy. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Sneider, Jeff (November 12, 2015). "'Fifty Shades of Grey' Sequels to Shoot Back to Back, James Foley to Direct Both (Exclusive)". TheWrap. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca; Kit, Borys (February 8, 2016). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Adds 'Ballers' Actress Arielle Kebbel (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (February 12, 2016). "'Fifty Shades Darker' Adds 'The Knick's' Eric Johnson as Christian Grey's Rival (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (February 20, 2016). "Brant Daugherty Signs On For 'Fifty Shades Freed' Sawyer Role". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (November 12, 2015). "'Fifty Shades of Grey' Sequels to Shoot Back-to-Back". Variety. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Richford, Rhonda (February 4, 2016). "'Fifty Shades Darker' to Shoot in Paris as Filming Rebounds After Attacks". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schumann, Rebecka (January 5, 2016). "'Fifty Shades Darker' Movie 2016 Production Schedule, Location And Possible Smaller Budget Revealed". International Business Times. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Fifty Shades Darker' Starts Filming After Delay Getting '50 Shades Of Grey' Sequel To Screens?". Fashion & Style. January 6, 2016. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (April 23, 2015). "Universal Dates 'Fifty Shades' Sequels, 'Furious 8′; 'Pacific Rim 2′, 'Mummy' Moved Back — CinemaCon Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ramos, Dino-Ray (September 10, 2017). "Fifty Shades Freed' Trailer: Things Get Darker, Sexier & Soapier In Third Installment Of Franchise". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kyriazis, Stefan. "Fifty Shades Freed new and final TRAILER is coming: Watch it here and it will be in HD in first". Daily Express. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brandle, Lars (January 8, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Track List: Sia, Ellie Goulding, Hailee Steinfeld & More". Billboard. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 18, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Looks To Lead Pre-Valentine's Day Weekend With Around $40M – B.O. Forecast". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 11, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Builds E.L. James Trilogy To $1 Billion Climax; 'Peter Rabbit' Bounces To $25M Opening". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 15, 2018). "Fifty Shades Freed' Pops At Valentine's Day B.O. Before 'Black Panther' Attacks – Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 18, 2018). "'Black Panther' Rips Apart Box Office Records: 3-Day Opening Rises To $194M+; 4-Day At $223M+". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 7, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Worldwide Opening Weekend Will Steam Franchise Past $1 Billion – B.O. Preview". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (February 11, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Collars $98M Overseas; 'Jumanji' Now Sony's #3 WW Release Ever". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Fifty Shades Freed (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Fifty Shades Freed Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Film Review: 'Fifty Shades Freed'". Variety. February 7, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Peter Travers (February 8, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Review: Welcome to the Most Painful 'Shades' of All". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Collin, Robbie (February 8, 2018). "Fifty Shades Freed review: painful, prissy, and even ropier than the last one". The Telegraph. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Catsoulis, Jeannette (February 8, 2018). "Review: Finally, the Audience Is 'Fifty Shades Freed'". The New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lazic, Manuela (February 8, 2018). "'Fifty Shades Freed' Review: Finally, a Sex Comedy From a Franchise That Took Itself Too Seriously". IndieWire. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Fifty Shades Freed on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Fifty Shades by E. L. James
Novels
Original trilogy
Fifty Shades of Grey
Fifty Shades Darker
Fifty Shades Freed
Retold
Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian
Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian
Film series
Films
Fifty Shades of Grey
Fifty Shades Darker
Fifty Shades Freed
Music
Fifty Shades of Grey
"Earned It"
"Love Me like You Do"
"I Know You"
Fifty Shades Darker
"I Don't Wanna Live Forever"
"Not Afraid Anymore"
Fifty Shades Freed
"For You"
"Capital Letters"
"Heaven"
Parodies
Fifty Shades of Oy Vey: A Parody
Spank! The Fifty Shades Parody
Fifty Shades of Black
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by James Foley
Reckless (1984)
At Close Range (1986)
Who's That Girl (1987)
After Dark, My Sweet (1990)
Glengarry Glen Ross (1992)
Two Bits (1995)
Fear (1996)
The Chamber (1996)
The Corruptor (1999)
Confidence (2003)
Perfect Stranger (2007)
Fifty Shades Darker (2017)
Fifty Shades Freed (2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Films produced by Michael De Luca
Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005)
Ghost Rider (2007)
21 (2008)
Brothers (2009)
The Social Network (2010)
Drive Angry (2011)
Priest (2011)
Fright Night (2011)
Butter (2011)
Moneyball (2011)
The Sitter (2011)
Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011)
Captain Phillips (2013)
Dracula Untold (2014)
Fifty Shades of Grey (2015)
The Creed of Violence (2015)
Inferno (2016)
Fifty Shades Darker (2017)
Under the Silver Lake (2017)
Fifty Shades Freed (2018)
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UnitedHealth Group
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"UnitedHealthcare" redirects here. For the cycling team, see UnitedHealthcare (cycling team).
UnitedHealth Group Inc.
Type
Public
Traded as
NYSE: UNH
DJIA component
S&P 100 component
S&P 500 component
Industry
Managed health care
Founded
1977; 41 years ago (1977)
Founder
Richard T. Burke
Headquarters
Minnetonka, Minnesota, U.S.
Key people
Richard T. Burke (Chairman)
Dave Wichmann (CEO)
Products
Uniprise, Health Care Services, Specialized Care Services, and Ingenix
Revenue
US$201.1 billion (2017)[1]
Operating income
US$15.20 billion (2017)[1]
Net income
US$10.82 billion (2017)[1]
Total assets
US$139.0 billion (2017)[1]
Total equity
US$49.83 billion (2017)[1]
Number of employees
270,000 (2018)[2]
Website
www.unitedhealthgroup.com
UnitedHealth Group Inc. is an American for-profit managed health care company based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. It is sixth in the United States on the Fortune 500.[3] UnitedHealth Group offers health care products and insurance services. UnitedHealth Group is the largest healthcare company in the world by revenue $184 billion in 2016. UnitedHealth Group subsidiaries companies together serves approximately 115 million individuals in 2016.
In 2011, J.D. Power and Associates gave UnitedHealthcare the highest employer satisfaction rating for self-insured health plans.[4] In a 2010 insurance industry publication, Business Insurance, UnitedHealthcare was named "Readers Choice" winner in 2010 for "Best health plan provider".[5] In 2016, Optum was named "North America Company of the Year for Population Health Management" by Frost & Sullivan [6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Organizational structure
1.1 The role of Optum
1.2 The role of UnitedHealthcare
2 Major acquisitions
3 Health and government
3.1 Health Care reform
4 Legal issues
4.1 OptumInsight earlier known as Ingenix
4.2 Options backdating investigations and lawsuits
4.3 Resignation of McGuire
4.4 McGuire's settlement with SEC
4.5 Medicare overbilling lawsuit
5 Policy Research Org. ownership
6 Foundations
7 References
8 External links
Organizational structure[edit]
Beginning in 2011 and continuing into 2012, UnitedHealth Group implemented an enterprise reorganization. This coincided with retiring brands adopted following the various acquisitions of previous years and adopting the unified brand UnitedHealthcare. The firm decided to refocus its UK business solely on commissioning support under the name of Optum, and exploit the opportunities presented by the United Kingdom Government's NHS reforms in 2011. Towards this end, it sold its six primary care clinics.[7]
The role of Optum[edit]
Optum includes three divisions:
OptumInsight - Health Data Analytics, Payment Integrity, Life Science, Risk Quality & Network Solutions, Medical Billing
OptumRx - Pharmacy Benefit Manager (now includes all Unitedhealthcare membership) and Catamaran acquisition
OptumHealth - Healthcare delivery services and support including Consumer Solution Group and OptumCare (Behavioral Health and Substance Abuse, Dental, Vision, Transplant Management, and other ancillary services)
In addition, there are two shared service functions under Optum: Optum Technology and Optum Operations.
The role of UnitedHealthcare[edit]
UnitedHealthcare includes four divisions:
UnitedHealthcare Employer & Individual - provides a comprehensive array of consumer-oriented health benefit plans and services for large national employers
UnitedHealthcare Community & State - provides innovative managed care solutions to state Medicaid programs
UnitedHealthcare Medicare & Retirement - addresses the health and well-being of individuals age 50 and older
UnitedHealthcare Global - serves more than 4 million people with medical benefits, principally in Brazil, but also residing in more than 125 other countries
Major acquisitions[edit]
Health care in the United States
Government Health Programs
Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
Indian Health Service
Medicaid / State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)
Medicare
Prescription Assistance (SPAP)
Military Health System / TRICARE
State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)
Veterans Health Administration
Private health coverage
Consumer-driven health care
Flexible spending account (FSA)
Health Reimbursement Account
Health savings account (HSA)
High-deductible health plan (HDHP)
Medical savings account (MSA)
Private Fee-For-Service (PFFS)
Health insurance in the United States
Managed care (CCP)
Exclusive provider organization (EPO)
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
Medical underwriting
Health care reform law
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996)
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003)
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (2005)
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (2009)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
State level reform
Dirigo Health (Maine)
Massachusetts health care reform
Oregon Health Plan
SustiNet (Connecticut)
Vermont health care reform
Municipal health coverage
Fair Share Health Care Act (Maryland)
Healthy Howard (Howard Co., Maryland)
Healthy San Francisco
Healthy Way LA
My Health LA
This box:
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edit
In 1974, Richard Taylor Burke founded Charter Med Incorporated, a Minnetonka, Minnesota-based privately held company. In 1977, UnitedHealthCare Corporation was created to reorganize the company and become the parent company of Charter Med. UnitedHealthCare’s charter was to manage the newly created Physicians Health Plan of Minnesota, an early health management organization.[8]
In 1994, UnitedHealth sold its pharmacy benefit manager, Diversified Pharmaceutical Services, to SmithKline Beecham for $2.3 billion.[9] Also in 1994, UnitedHealth acquired Ramsey-HMO, a Florida insurer.[10]
In 1995, the company acquired The MetraHealth Companies Inc. for $1.65 billion. MetraHealth was a privately held company formed by combining the group health care operations of The Travelers Insurance Company and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company also known as MetLife.
In 1996, United HealthCare acquired HealthWise of America, which operated HMOs in Arkansas, Maryland, Kentucky and Tennessee.[11]
In 1998, UnitedHealth Group acquired HealthPartners of Arizona, operator of Arizona's largest AHCCCS provider.[12]
In 2001, EverCare, a UnitedHealth Group subsidiary merged with LifeMark Health Plans[13]
In 2002, UnitedHealth Group acquired Medicaid insurance company AmeriChoice.[14]
In 2003, UnitedHealth Group acquired Mid Atlantic Medical Services, an insurer serving Maryland, Washington D.C., Virginia, Delaware and West Virginia.[15] Also in 2003, UnitedHealth Group acquired Golden Rule Financial, a provider of health savings accounts.[16]
Optum Bank started operating on July 21, 2003, in Salt Lake City, Utah, as a Utah state-chartered industrial loan corporation. Originally named Exante Bank, it changed its name to OptumHealth Bank in 2008 and to Optum Bank in 2012. Optum Bank is part of the financial services unit of Optum a health and wellness company serving more than 74 million people. Optum is part of the UnitedHealth Group family of companies.[17]
In April 2004, UnitedHealth Group acquired Touchpoint Health Plan, a Wisconsin health plan.[18] In July 2004, UnitedHealth Group acquired Oxford Health Plans and all of UnitedHealthcare's New York-based small group contracts are now Oxford Health Plans products.
In December 2005, the company received final regulatory approval for its $9.2 billion purchase of PacifiCare Health Systems. It agreed to divest parts of PacifiCare's commercial health insurance business in Tucson, Arizona and Boulder, Colorado to satisfy antitrust regulator concerns, and also agreed to end its network access agreement with Blue Shield of California.[19] The Tucson business was sold to Cigna.[19] Also in December 2005, UnitedHealth Group acquired John Deere Health Care.[20]
In March 2007, UnitedHealth Group signed a definitive agreement to acquire Sierra Health Services Inc. for $2.6 billion. Sierra provided health benefits and services to 310,000 members in Nevada and another 320,000 people in senior and government programs throughout the United States. As a condition of approval from the Department of Justice, UnitedHealth Group was required to divest its individual SecureHorizons Medicare Advantage HMO plans in Clark and Nye Counties, which represent approximately 25,000 members. UnitedHealth Group reached an agreement to transition these members to Humana Inc., subject to customary closing conditions.[21]
In July 2009, UnitedHealth Group agreed to acquire Health Net's Northeast licensed subsidiaries for up to $570 million in payments spread out over two years.[22]
In July 2010, Ingenix acquired Picis, a health information provider for the high-acuity areas of hospitals. [23]
In 2011, Logistics Health, Inc. of La Crosse, Wisconsin, was acquired by OptumHealth[24] In September 2014 the office buildings where LHI is based were sold to UnitedHealth Group for $45 million.[25][26]
In February 2012, UnitedHealth Group completed the acquisition of XLHealth, a sponsor of Medicare Advantage health plans with a primary focus on medicare recipients with special needs such as those with chronic illness and those eligible for Medicaid ("dual eligibles"). [27]
In October 2012, UnitedHealth Group and Amil Participações, one of the biggest Brazilian health insurance companies, completed the first phase of their merger.[28]
In March 2015, it was announced that CatamaranRx will be acquired by OptumRx (A UnitedHealth Group company).[29]
In February 2017, UnitedHealth completed acquisition of Rally Health Inc.
In December 2017, UnitedHealth acquired DaVita Medical Group for $4.9 billion[30] and Banmédica for $2.8 billion.[31]
Health and government[edit]
In 2010, UnitedHealth Group spent more than $1.8 million on lobbying activities to work to achieve favorable legislation, and hired seven different lobbying firms to work on its behalf.[32] In addition, its corporate political action committee or PAC, called United for Health,[33] spent an additional $1 million on lobbying activities in 2010.[34]
QSSI, a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group, is one of the 55 contractors hired by United States Department of Health and Human Services to work on the HealthCare.gov web site[35]
Health Care reform[edit]
Through 2010 and into 2011, UnitedHealth senior executives have been meeting monthly with executives of leading health insurers to limit the effect of the health care reform law.[36]
In April 2016, UnitedHealth announced it was pulling out of all but a "handful" of state healthcare exchanges provided under ACA and will continue to sell only in three states in 2017.[37][38]
Legal issues[edit]
In 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began investigating the conduct of UnitedHealth Group's management and directors, for backdating of stock options. Investigations were also begun by the Internal Revenue Service and prosecutors in the U.S. attorney's office for the Southern District of New York, who subpoenaed documents from the company. The investigations came to light after a series of probing stories in the Wall Street Journal in May 2006, discussing apparent backdating of hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of stock options by UHC management. The backdating apparently occurred with the knowledge and approval of the directors, according to the Journal. Major shareholders have filed lawsuits accusing former New Jersey governor Thomas Kean and UHC's other directors of failing in their fiduciary duty.[39][40] On October 15, 2006, CEO William W. McGuire was forced to resign, and relinquish hundreds of millions of dollars in stock options. On December 6, 2007, the SEC announced a settlement under which McGuire will repay $468 million, as a partial settlement of the backdating prosecution. Legal actions filed by the SEC against UnitedHealth Group itself are still pending.[41]
In June 2006, the American Chiropractic Association filed a national class action lawsuit against the American Chiropractic Network (ACN), which is owned by UnitedHealth Group and administers chiropractic benefits, and against UnitedHealth Group itself, for alleged practices in violation of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO).[42]
OptumInsight earlier known as Ingenix[edit]
In February 2008, New York State Attorney General Andrew M. Cuomo announced an industry-wide investigation into a scheme by health insurers to defraud consumers by manipulating reasonable and customary rates. The announcement included a statement that Cuomo intended "to file suit against Ingenix, Inc., its parent UnitedHealth Group, and three additional subsidiaries." Cuomo asserted that his investigation found that rates found in a database of health care charges maintained by Ingenix were lower than what he determined was the actual cost of certain medical expenses. Cuomo said this inappropriately allowed health insurance companies to deny a portion of provider claims, thereby pushing costs down to members. [43]
On January 13, 2009, Ingenix announced an agreement with the New York State attorney settling the probe into the independence of the health pricing database. Under the settlement, UnitedHealth Group and Ingenix would pay $50 million to finance a new, non-profit entity that would develop a new health care pricing database. Ingenix would discontinue its medical pricing databases when the new entity makes its product available. The company acknowledged the appearance of a conflict of interest, but admitted no wrongdoing.[44]
On January 15, 2009, UnitedHealth Group announced a $350 million settlement of three class action lawsuits filed in Federal court by the American Medical Association, UnitedHealth Group members, healthcare providers, and state medical societies for not paying out-of-network benefits. This settlement came two days after a similar settlement with Cuomo.[45]
On October 27, 2009, Cuomo announced the creation of FAIR Health, the independent, non-profit organization that will develop a nationwide database for consumer reimbursement, as well as a website where consumers will be able to compare prices before they choose doctors. To fund FAIR Health, the Attorney General's office secured nearly $100 million from insurers such as Aetna, UnitedHealth Group, and Anthem.[46]
Options backdating investigations and lawsuits[edit]
In 2006, the SEC began investigating the conduct of UnitedHealth Group's management and directors, including Dr. McGuire, as did the Internal Revenue Service and prosecutors in the U.S. attorney's office for the Southern District of New York, who have subpoenaed documents from the company.
The investigations came to light after a series of probing stories in the Wall Street Journal in March 2006, discussing the apparent backdating of hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of stock options—in a process called options backdating—by UnitedHealth Group management.[47] The backdating apparently occurred with the knowledge and approval of the directors, according to the Journal. Major shareholders have filed lawsuits accusing former New Jersey governor Thomas Kean and UnitedHealth Group's other directors of failing in their fiduciary duty.[39][48]
Resignation of McGuire[edit]
On October 15, 2006, it was announced that Dr. McGuire would step down immediately as chairman and director of UnitedHealth Group, and step down as CEO on December 1, 2006, due to his involvement in the employee stock options scandal. Simultaneously, it was announced that he would be replaced as CEO by Stephen Hemsley, who has served as President and COO and is a member of the board of directors.[49] McGuire's exit compensation from UnitedHealth, expected to be around $1.1 billion, would be the largest golden parachute in the history of corporate America.[50]
McGuire's compensation became controversial again on May 21, 2009, when Elizabeth Edwards, speaking on The Daily Show, used it to support her argument for a public alternative to commercial insurance.[51] Edwards stressed the importance of restoring competition in health insurance markets noting that at one point, "the President of UnitedHealth made so much money, that one of every $700 that was spent in this country on health care went to pay him." Since estimates of McGuire's 2005 compensation range from $59,625,444[52] to $124.8 million,[53] and the revenue of UnitedHealth Group was then $71 billion, it is therefore possible that Mrs. Edwards may have meant that one of every $700 that was spent on UnitedHealth Group premiums went to pay McGuire.
McGuire's settlement with SEC[edit]
On December 6, 2007, the SEC announced a settlement under which McGuire was to repay $468 million, including a $7 million civil penalty, as a partial settlement of the backdating prosecution. He was also barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company for ten years.[54][55][56] This was the first time in which the little-used "clawback" provision under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was used against an individual by the SEC. The SEC continued its investigations even after it in 2008 settled legal actions against both UnitedHealth Group itself and its former general counsel.[57]
Medicare overbilling lawsuit[edit]
A whistleblower lawsuit, filed in 2011, charges UnitedHealth Group's data analytics division with assisting in defrauding Medicare by boosting risk adjustment scores from Medicare Advantage companies. The suit alleges that UnitedHealth Group subsidiary Ingenix (now OptumInsight) "defrauded the United States of hundreds of millions — and likely billions — of dollars." Former UnitedHealth executive Benjamin Poehling brought the suit under the False Claims Act. The government said it would proceed on claims against two health care companies, UnitedHealth and its Texas subsidiary WellMed Medical Management. In February 2017, a federal judge unsealed the suit after the Department of Justice announced it would join the case.[58][59]
Policy Research Org. ownership[edit]
The Lewin Group is a policy research and consulting firm that provides economic analysis of health care and human services issues and policies.[60] The organization has existed for about 40 years and has maintained a nonpartisan reputation through its many ownership changes that have occurred over that time.[60] The Lewin Group was purchased in 2007 by Ingenix, a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group, but alleges editorial and analytical "independence" from UnitedHealth Group, its parent company.[60] The Lewin Group discloses its ownership in its reports and on its web site. While the Lewin Group does not advocate for or against any legislation, both Democratic and Republican politicians frequently cite the firm's studies to argue for and against various U.S. healthcare reform proposals.[61] For example, Democratic Senator Ron Wyden uses Lewin Group estimates to cite the feasibility of his Healthy Americans Act.[62] Representative Eric Cantor, the House Republican Whip, has referred to the organization as "the nonpartisan Lewin Group" in arguing against government-funded health insurance proposals. Recently, several Lewin studies have been used to argue both for and against the inclusion of a public option in national health reform. Lewin clients who often cite its findings include The Commonwealth Fund which recently held up a Lewin study it commissioned to advocate for a public plan. The report showed that legislative proposals would achieve nearly universal coverage and "estimated that a public plan could offer small businesses insurance that is at least 9 percent cheaper than current small-business policies."[63] However, The Lewin Group has acknowledged that clients sometimes choose not to publicize the results of studies they have commissioned. Indeed, Lewin Group Vice President John Sheils told the Washington Post "sometimes studies come out that don't show exactly what the client wants to see. And in those instances, they have [the] option to bury the study."[64]
Foundations[edit]
UnitedHealth Group has two foundations, the United Health Foundation and UnitedHealthcare Children’s Foundation which were formed in 1999. Since established by UnitedHealth Group in 1999 as a not for profit private foundation, the United Health Foundation has committed more than $170 million to improve health and health care.[65]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Charles Forelle & James Bandler, "The Perfect Payday", The Wall Street Journal" newspaper, March 18, 2006
Jump up ^ Loren Steffy, "How William McGuire earned that fat paycheck", Houston Chronicle newspaper, November 7, 2006
Jump up ^ https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061015/ap_on_bi_ge/unitedhealth_ceo
Jump up ^ "Steffy: How William McGuire earned that fat paycheck". Houston Chronicle.
Jump up ^ WonkRoom page including embedded clip from The Daily Show
Jump up ^ UnitedHealth Group Case Study, 2005 AFL-CIO estimate of McGuire compensation
Jump up ^ United Health CEO earned $124.8 million in 2005 Health Care Economist, February 14, 2006
Jump up ^ Securities and Exchange Commission v. William W. McGuire, M.D., Civil Action No. 07-CV-4779-JMR/FLN (D. Minn. 2007) U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Litigation Release No. 20387 / December 6, 2007
Jump up ^ Former UnitedHealth Group CEO/Chairman Settles Stock Options Backdating Case for $468 Million SEC Press release 2007-255
Jump up ^ Dr. William McGuire Settles with the SEC and the UnitedHealth Group Special Litigation Committee on Stock Options Matter Latham and Watkins, LLP, Press release, December 6, 2007
Jump up ^ "Press Release: SEC Files Settled Enforcement Actions Against UnitedHealth Group and Former General Counsel in Stock Options Backdating Case (Dec. 22, 2008)".
Jump up ^ Williams Walsh, Mary (February 17, 2017). "UnitedHealth Group accused of overbilling Medicare". New York Times. Tampa Bay Times.
Jump up ^ Snowbeck, Christopher (February 17, 2017). "UnitedHealth Group targeted by whistleblower lawsuit". Star Tribune.
^ Jump up to: a b c Becker, Cinda. (June 18, 2007), "Ingenix Acquires Lewin Group", Modern Healthcare
Jump up ^ Hilzenrah, David S. (July 23, 2009), Insurer-Owned Consulting Firm Often Cited in Health Debate, Washington Post
Jump up ^ Independent Health Reform Analysis: Middle Class Wins Under Healthy Americans Act, Senate website, archived from the original on July 30, 2009
Jump up ^ Hoover, Kent (July 22, 2009), "Small-biz divided on health-care reform", Business Journal
Jump up ^ Hilzenrath, David S. (July 22, 2009), "Research Firm Cited by GOP Is Owned by Health Insurer", The Washington Post
Jump up ^ UnitedHealth Group. "UnitedHealth Group - Our Foundations".
External links[edit]
Official website
Business data for UnitedHealth Group Inc: Google Finance
Yahoo! Finance
Reuters
SEC filings

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