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Super Bowl LIII
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Super Bowl LIII
Date
February 3, 2019
Stadium
Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia
TV in the United States
Network
CBS
Radio in the United States
Network
Westwood One
← LII
Super Bowl
LIV →
Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Host-selection process
2 Broadcasting
2.1 United States
3 Entertainment
4 References
5 External links
Background[edit]
Host-selection process[edit]
Atlanta will be the host of Super Bowl LIII in 2019. On May 19, 2015, the league announced the four finalists that will compete to host Super Bowl LIII in 2019, LIV in 2020, and LV in 2021. NFL owners voted on these cities on May 24, 2016, with the first round of voting determining the host for Super Bowl LIII, the second round deciding a different site for Super Bowl LIV, and the third round deciding the site for Super Bowl LV. The four finalists for Super Bowl LIII, all in the Southeastern United States, were:[1][2]
Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia: This will be the first Super Bowl played at Mercedes-Benz Stadium after it opened in 2017. The city has previously hosted two Super Bowls at the Georgia Dome, with the last being Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000.
Hard Rock Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida: South Florida has previously hosted 10 Super Bowls, with the last being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana: New Orleans has previously hosted 10 Super Bowls, with the last being Super Bowl XLVII in 2013.
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida: Tampa has hosted four Super Bowls, with the last being Super Bowl XLIII in 2009.
After three votes, Atlanta was awarded Super Bowl LIII at the NFL owners' meeting on May 24, 2016. The losing candidates, except for New Orleans which removed itself from the voting for all games except Super Bowl LIII due to event conflicts in 2020 and 2021, were then pitted against Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California for Super Bowl LIV and Super Bowl LV hosting rights. Miami eventually won the rights to host Super Bowl LIV, and Los Angeles won the rights to host Super Bowl LV.[3][4] However, on May 23, 2017, NFL owners opted to award Super Bowl LV to Tampa and give Super Bowl LVI to Los Angeles after it was announced that Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park would open in 2020 due to construction delays.
The NFL unveiled the official logo for Super Bowl LIII in February 2018; it is a navy blue-tinted version of the design introduced at Super Bowl LI, and the overall branding of the game will feature use of blue and red. The host committee logo features a stylized overhead rendition of Mercedes-Benz Stadium's roof.[5]
Broadcasting[edit]
United States[edit]
CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.[6]
Entertainment[edit]
In February 2018, Bruno Mars, who had headlined the halftime show at Super Bowl XLVIII and appeared again in the halftime show at Super Bowl 50 , made a widely-discussed proposal that the NFL should pick a hip hop artist to headline the Super Bowl LIII halftime show, noting Atlanta's large hip hop scene, and suggesting Atlanta-based artists including Outkast, T.I., Gucci Mane, Jeezy, Jermaine Dupri, and Lil Jon.[7][8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wagner-McGough, Sean (May 19, 2015). "Finalists for 2019, 2020 Super Bowls: Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Tampa". CBS Sports. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Triplett, Mike (May 19, 2015). "Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Tampa eye 2019, 2020 Super Bowls". ESPN. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Gregg. "Atlanta, South Florida, L.A. chosen to host Super Bowls". NFL.com. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ NFL awards future Super Bowls to Atlanta, South Florida and Los Angeles, CBS Sports
Jump up ^ "LEADOFF: Atlanta's Super Bowl gets a second logo from NFL". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 14, 2011). "Update: NBC, CBS And Fox Score Nine-Year NFL Extensions Taking Them To 2022". Deadline.com. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Marzovilla, Julia (February 5, 2018). "Bruno Mars Calls on NFL to Pick a Hip-Hop Artist for 2019 Atlanta Super Bowl Halftime". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Chavez, Chris (February 6, 2018). "Bruno Mars Wants NFL To Pick Hip-Hop Artist For 2019 Super Bowl Halftime In Atlanta". Sports Illustrated.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Super Bowl LIII.
Atlanta Super Bowl Host Committee
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Insight Communications
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the African advertising company, see Insight communications limited.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Insight Communications Company, Inc.
Former type
Private
Industry
Telecommunications
Fate
Purchased by Time Warner Cable
Successor
Time Warner Cable
Charter Communications
Founded
1985
Defunct
June 2013
Headquarters
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Products
Cablecasting, Broadband Internet, Phone
Revenue
$1.26 billion USD
Net income
Unknown
Owner
Insight Communications
Number of employees
2,777 (as of 9/30/2011)
Website
www.myinsight.com
Insight Communications was an American multiple system operator (MSO) which was founded in 1985 that served the states of Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Until its purchase by Time Warner Cable in 2011, Insight was the ninth largest cable operator in the United States with 760,000 subscribers.
Acquisition by Time Warner Cable[edit]
On August 13, 2011, Time Warner Cable (which was acquired by Charter Communications in 2016) announced its purchase of Insight Communications for $3 billion. The sale will create cost efficiencies of approximately $100 million annually through savings on programming expenses and other cost reductions, with the bulk of the savings realized within two years of the close of sale. With Insight's 2011 conversion of its television services from analog to digital, Time Warner Cable expects Insight to have lower capital requirements of 10-12% of revenues upon completion of the acquisition, which is subject to approval by the Federal Communications Commission and Insight franchisees. The merger was completed February 29, 2012.[1][2] On March 9, 2013, letters were sent to Insight customers informing them that starting in June 2013, Insight Communications will be completely absorbed, and Insight service will be replaced by Time Warner Cable. Former Insight customers continue to be able to utilize their former 'insightbb.com' email addresses through Time Warner Cable's email system.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Time Warner Cable takes over Insight".
Jump up ^ "Insight - Time Warner Merger Completed".
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Childhood development of fine motor skills
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This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (May 2011)
Dexterity is helpful in working with knitting needles
Fine motor skills are the coordination of small muscle movements which occur e.g., in the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes. In application to motor skills of hands (and fingers) the term dexterity is commonly used.
The abilities which involve the use of hands develop over time, starting with primitive gestures such as grabbing at objects to more precise activities that involve precise eye–hand coordination. Fine motor skills are skills that involve a refined use of the small muscles controlling the hand, fingers, and thumb. The development of these skills allows one to be able to complete tasks such as writing, drawing, and buttoning.
During the infant and toddler years, children develop basic grasping and manipulation skills, which are refined during the preschool years. The preschooler becomes quite adept in self-help, construction, holding grips, and bimanual control tasks requiring the use of both hands.
— Essa, E., Young, R. & Lehne, L., Introduction to early childhood education, 2nd Ed. (1998)
When the child enters middle childhood he or she makes great progress in their artistic abilities. They begin to express themselves through drawing, sculpting, and clay modeling.
Contents
[hide]
1 Self-care skills
2 Writing skills
3 Children’s drawings
4 Helping children with their fine motor development
4.1 Manipulative materials
4.2 Modified writing materials
4.3 Positioning
5 Illness and fine motor skills in later life
6 References
7 External links
Self-care skills[edit]
As children refine their motor skills, they are able to help themselves by completing daily activities independently. For example, children between the ages of 2 and 3 are able to put on and take off simplistic articles of clothing.[1] They are able to manipulate clothing with zippers, use spoons, string together beads with large holes, and open doors with doorknobs. When children are between the ages of 3 and 4, they are able to manipulate clothing with larger buttons, use scissors to cut paper, and are able to copy simple lined shapes using a pencil. At 4 to 5 years of age, children are able to dress and undress themselves without assistance.[1] They are also able to manipulate a fork, and have gained the dexterity to cut around shapes with a pair of scissors. And by age 6, a child is able to cut softer foods with a knife and is able to tie his or her own shoes. Because all children develop at their own rate, the ages given are not an exact timeline.
Writing skills[edit]
It is critical to understand the development of children's fine motor skills to understand the reasoning behind why they complete certain tasks in a certain way. For example, it is important to understand the development of fine motor skills when a paper is handed in by a child in grade one and the writing is large, malformed, with little evidence of control of the pencil. If the teacher were to know the stages that children go through to develop these skills, then he may be more considerate and provide the child with appropriate adaptations to help him improve his writing skills.
Also, as children refine their motor skills, they are able to communicate by written expression. Starting off with scribbling and moving on to printing and writing.
Scribbling has been described as a types of ‘motor babbling’ and as the child matures, the forms that arise from scribbling gradually become transformed into printing and writing.
— Craig, G., Kermis, M. & Digdon, N., Children today, 2nd Ed. (2001)
Children’s drawings[edit]
Children’s drawings also develop as a child ages and refines his fine motor skills. This has been widely studied, especially by Rhoda Kellogg (1898–1987), following children from 2 years to 8 years of age. Her research has found that the artistic gestures of children evolve from basic scribbles to consistent symbols. The first symbols that are formed by children are the circle, the upright cross, the diagonal cross, the rectangle, and other common forms. When the child is 3 years old, he begins to form face shapes and by age 4, humans. At 4 to 5 years old, the child draws a human form with arms and legs, and eventually the child adds a trunk and clothes.[1] Children then evolve to include other pictorials in their art, such as houses, animals and boats, by the age of 5.
Helping children with their fine motor development[edit]
Sometimes children need some assistance when developing their fine motor skills. This requires one to find strategies to assist children with their development. Occupational therapists are experts in the field of fine motor and handwriting development.
Manipulative materials[edit]
Toys that require a child to manipulate it with his fingers and hands can be categorized as a manipulative. Manipulatives involve coordinating the eye to what the hands are needed to do. They stimulate fine motor development because they require controlled use of hand and finger muscles. Some manipulative toys, such as puzzles, are self-correcting, fitting together in only one specific way. These types of toys only fit together one way and allow children to work until they achieve success.[2] Play dough is a manipulative that can help strengthen a child's fine motor skills. Dough can be rolled into balls, tooth picks can be used to create designs in the dough, and plastic knives can be used to cut the dough (with supervision).
Modified writing materials[edit]
Other ways to assist children with their fine motor development are to use modified tools to assist them. For young children, using crayons is often difficult at first due to their small size, so it is important to provide children with a tool that they are able to manipulate. There have been crayons created that are a tetrahedral shape, so that the children are able to grab the crayon in any position. The use of these crayons allows for a child to create a more precise picture because of the control he has and this also helps the child to pursue such personal expression, since he is not being frustrated by not being able to use the tools. Children, when they are learning to print, also experience some frustrations. A way to assist a child who is having difficulties with this is to provide him with a Primer pencil (which is thicker around) or to modify a pencil by adding to its circumference (either by a formed grip or by adding tape). For a child who is having difficulties with his fine motor skills, offering tools such as larger pencils and modified pencils will help the child develop a better grasp of this tool and eventually moving to smaller, regular size pencils. This will help with his self-esteem, providing him with a sense of accomplishment in writing tasks.
Positioning[edit]
Another way to assist a child who is having difficulties developing his fine motor skills is to provide the child with proper positioning of his hands and body to accomplish tasks.
Positioning is very important for engagement in fine motor tasks. A child's seat should allow him to sit comfortably with his feet placed firmly on the floor. His hips, knees, and ankles should be at 90 degree angles, with his torso slightly forward. His desk height should be approximately 2 inches above his elbows when his arms are at rest at his side. If the child's chair is too tall, leaving his feet dangling, create a makeshift footrest out of old telephone books bound together with masking or another strong tape to provide added stability. Keep in mind that trunk stability is necessary for good mobility of the arms, hands, and fingers.
— Linda Kennedy
Illness and fine motor skills in later life[edit]
People who have suffered from a stroke or have suffered a neck injury (maybe as a result of a car accident) may have impaired fine motor skills, making it difficult for them to write or to use a computer mouse. An affected individual might find that a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist can provide a rehabilitation program or recommend environmental adaptations to improve the use of their fine motor skills.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Craig, G., Kermis, M. & Digdon, N. (2001) Children today, 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall: Toronto
Jump up ^ Essa, E., Young, R. & Lehne, L. (1998) Introduction to early childhood education, 2nd Ed. Nelson: Toronto
External links[edit]
Board of studies, Australia. A k-6 curriculum project by the board of studies, Australia: k-6 content links: fine motor skills
Beal early childhood center Ready for kindergarten: fine motor activities
Teachers.net gazette Teacher feature: why all students need fine motor skills.
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