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List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
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Hurricane Isabel, as seen from the International Space Station in September 2003.
A total of 33 recorded tropical cyclones have reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricanes of such intensity occur once every three years in this region on average.
Only six times—in the 1932, 1933, 1961, 2005, 2007, and 2017 hurricane seasons—has more than one Category 5 recorded hurricane formed. Only in 2005 have more than two Category 5 hurricanes formed, and only in 2007 and 2017 did more than one make landfall at Category 5 strength.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Systems
3 Listed by month
4 Landfalls
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Tracks of all known Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes between 1851 and 2014
A Category 5 Atlantic hurricane is one that is considered by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC), to have had sustained wind speeds greater than 136 knots (157 mph; 252 km/h; 70 m/s) on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The NHC considers sustained wind speeds to be those that occur over a one-minute period at 10 metres (32.8 ft) above ground. These wind speeds are estimated by using a blend of data from a variety of sources, which include observations from nearby ships, reconnaissance aircraft, or automatic weather stations and pictures from various satellites.
Between 1924 and 2017, 33 hurricanes were recorded at Category 5 strength. No Category 5 hurricanes were observed officially before 1924. It can be presumed that earlier storms reached Category 5 strength over open waters, but the strongest winds were not measured. The anemometer, a device used for measuring wind speed, was invented in 1846. However, during major hurricane strikes the instruments as a whole were often blown away, leaving the hurricane's peak intensity unrecorded. For example, as the Great Beaufort Hurricane of 1879 struck North Carolina, the anemometer cups were blown away when indicating 138 mph (222 km/h).[2]
A reanalysis of weather data is ongoing by researchers who may upgrade or downgrade other Atlantic hurricanes currently listed at Categories 4 and 5.[3] For example, the 1825 Santa Ana hurricane is suspected to have reached Category 5 strength.[4] Furthermore, paleotempestological research aims to identify past major hurricanes by comparing sedimentary evidence of recent and past hurricane strikes. For example, a "giant hurricane" significantly more powerful than Hurricane Hattie (Category 5) has been identified in Belizean sediment, having struck the region sometime before 1500.[5]
An October Category 5 that hit Cuba in 1924
Officially, the decade with the most Category 5 hurricanes is 2000–2009, with eight Category 5 hurricanes having occurred: Isabel (2003), Ivan (2004), Emily (2005), Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Wilma (2005), Dean (2007), and Felix (2007). The previous decades with the most Category 5 hurricanes were the 1930s and 1960s, with six occurring between 1930 and 1939 (before naming began).[1]
Nine Atlantic hurricanes—Camille, Allen, Andrew, Isabel, Ivan, Dean, Felix, Irma and Maria—reached Category 5 intensity on more than one occasion; that is, by reaching Category 5 intensity, weakening to a Category 4 or lower, and then becoming a Category 5 again. Such hurricanes have their dates shown together. Camille, Andrew, Dean, Felix, Irma, and Maria each attained Category 5 status twice during their lifespans. Allen, Isabel, and Ivan reached Category 5 intensity on three separate occasions. However, no Atlantic hurricane has reached Category 5 intensity more than three times during its lifespan. The November 1932 Cuba hurricane holds the record for most time spent as a Category 5 (although it took place before satellite or aircraft reconnaissance, so this record may be somewhat suspect). Irma holds the record for longest continuous span as a Category 5 storm in the satellite era.[1][6]
Thirty-three Category 5s have been recorded in the Atlantic basin since 1851, when records began. Only one Category 5 has been recorded in July, eight in August, nineteen in September, five in October, and one in November. There have been no officially recorded June or off-season Category 5 hurricanes.[1]
The July and August Category 5s reached their high intensities in both the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. These are the areas most favorable for tropical cyclone development in those months.[1][7]
September sees the most Category 5 hurricanes. This coincides with the climatological peak of the Atlantic hurricane season, which occurs in early September.[8] September Category 5s reached their strengths in any of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and open Atlantic. These places are where September tropical cyclones are likely to form.[7] Many of these hurricanes are either Cape Verde-type storms, which develop their strength by having a great deal of open water; or so-called Bahama busters, which intensify over the warm Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico.[9]
All six Category 5s in October and November reached their intensities in the western Caribbean, a region that Atlantic hurricanes strongly gravitate toward late in the season.[7] This is due to the climatology of the area, which sometimes has a high-altitude anticyclone that promotes rapid intensification late in the season, as well as warm waters.
Systems[edit]
Name
Dates as a
Category 5
Duration
( hours)
Sustained
wind speeds
Pressure
Areas affected
Deaths
Damage
(USD)
Refs
Cuba !"Cuba" 19241019 !October 19, 1924 7001120000000000000♠12 165 !165 mph (270 km/h) 7004910000000000000♠910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Central America, Mexico, Cuba
Florida, The Bahamas 7001900000000000000♠90 [10]
Okeechobee !"San Felipe II
Okeechobee" 19280913 !September 13–14, 1928 7001120000000000000♠12 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada 7003400000000000000♠4,000 7008100000000000000♠$100 million
Bahamas !"Bahamas" 19320905 !September 5–6, 1932 7001240000000000000♠24 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004921000000000000♠921 hPa (27.20 inHg) The Bahamas, Northeastern United States 7001160000000000000♠16
Cuba !"Cuba" 19321105 !November 5–8, 1932 7001780000000000000♠78 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004915000000000000♠915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Jamaica, Cayman Islands
Cuba, The Bahamas, Bermuda 7003310300000000000♠3,103 7007400000000000000♠$40 million
Cuba–Brownsville !"Cuba–Brownsville" 19330830 !August 30, 1933 7001120000000000000♠12 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004930000000000000♠930 hPa (27.46 inHg) The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida
Texas, Tamaulipas 7002179000000000000♠179 7007279000000000000♠$27.9 million
Tampico !"Tampico" 19330921 !September 21, 1933 7001120000000000000♠12 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Jamaica, Yucatán Peninsula 7002184000000000000♠184 7006500000000000000♠$5 million
Labor Day !"Labor Day" 19350903 !September 3, 1935 7001180000000000000♠18 185 !185 mph (295 km/h) 7004892000000000000♠892 hPa (26.34 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, The Carolinas, Virginia 7002408000000000000♠408
New England ! "New England" 19380919 !September 19–20, 1938 7001180000000000000♠18 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004940000000000000♠940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Southeastern United States, Northeastern United States, Southwestern Quebec 7002682000000000000♠682 7008306000000000000♠$306 million
Carol 19530903 !September 3, 1953 7001120000000000000♠12 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada 7000500000000000000♠5 7006200000000000000♠$2 million
Janet 19550927 !September 27–28, 1955 7001180000000000000♠18 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004914000000000000♠914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Central America 7003102300000000000♠1,023 7007658000000000000♠$65.8 million [11]
Carla 19610911 !September 11, 1961 7001180000000000000♠18 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004931000000000000♠931 hPa (27.49 inHg) Texas, Louisiana, Midwestern United States 7001430000000000000♠43 7008325740000000000♠$326 million [12][13]
Hattie 19611030 !October 30–31, 1961 7001180000000000000♠18 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004920000000000000♠920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Central America 7002319000000000000♠319 7007603000000000000♠$60.3 million [14][15]
Beulah 19670920 !September 20, 1967 7001180000000000000♠18 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004923000000000000♠923 hPa (27.26 inHg) The Caribbean, Mexico, Texas 7002688000000000000♠688 7008207650000000000♠$208 million [16]
Camille 19690816 !August 16–18, 1969 † 7001300000000000000♠30 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004900000000000000♠900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 7002259000000000000♠259 7009142000000000000♠$1.42 billion [12][17]
Edith 19710909 !September 9, 1971 7000600000000000000♠6 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004943000000000000♠943 hPa (27.85 inHg) The Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, United States Gulf Coast 7001370000000000000♠37 7007254000000000000♠$25.4 million
Anita 19770902 !September 2, 1977 7001120000000000000♠12 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004926000000000000♠926 hPa (27.34 inHg) Mexico 7001110000000000000♠11 7000100000000000000♠ Extensive [18]
David 19790830 !August 30–31, 1979 7001420000000000000♠42 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004924000000000000♠924 hPa (27.29 inHg) The Caribbean, United States East coast 7003206800000000000♠2,068 7009154000000000000♠$1.54 billion [19][20]
Allen 19800805 !August 5–9, 1980 † 7001720000000000000♠72 190 !190 mph (305 km/h) 7004899000000000000♠899 hPa (26.55 inHg) The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, South Texas 7002269000000000000♠269 7009123760000000000♠$1.24 billion [19][21][22]
Gilbert 19880913 !September 13–14, 1988 7001240000000000000♠24 185 !185 mph (295 km/h) 7004888000000000000♠888 hPa (26.22 inHg) Jamaica, Venezuela, Central America, Hispaniola, Mexico 7002318000000000000♠318 7009710000000000000♠$7.1 billion [23][24]
Hugo 19890915 !September 15, 1989 7000600000000000000♠6 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004918000000000000♠918 hPa (27.11 inHg) The Caribbean, United States East Coast 7002107000000000000♠107 7010100000000000000♠$10 billion [17][25][26]
Andrew 19920823 !August 23–24, 1992 † 7001160000000000000♠16 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004922000000000000♠922 hPa (27.23 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast 7001650000000000000♠65 7010265000000000000♠$26.5 billion [17][27]
Mitch 19981026 !October 26–28, 1998 7001420000000000000♠42 180 !180 mph (285 km/h) 7004905000000000000♠905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida 7004193250000000000♠19,325 7009620000000000000♠$6.2 billion [28][29][30][31]
Isabel 20030911 !September 11–14, 2003 † 7001420000000000000♠42 165 !165 mph (270 km/h) 7004915000000000000♠915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Greater Antilles, Bahamas, Eastern United States, Ontario 7001510000000000000♠51 7009537000000000000♠$5.37 billion [17][32]
Ivan 20040909 !September 9–14, 2004 † 7001600000000000000♠60 165 !165 mph (270 km/h) 7004910000000000000♠910 hPa (26.87 inHg) The Caribbean, Venezuela, United States Gulf Coast 7002124000000000000♠124 7010232800000000000♠$23.3 billion [17][33]
Emily 20050716 !July 16, 2005 7000600000000000000♠6 160 !160 mph (260 km/h) 7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Windward Islands, Jamaica, Mexico, Texas 7001170000000000000♠17 7009101400000000000♠$1.01 billion [34]
Katrina 20050828 !August 28–29, 2005 7001180000000000000♠18 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004902000000000000♠902 hPa (26.64 inHg) Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast 7003183600000000000♠1,836 7011108000000000000♠$108 billion [35]
Rita 20050921 !September 21–22, 2005 7001240000000000000♠24 180 !180 mph (285 km/h) 7004895000000000000♠895 hPa (26.43 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 7002125000000000000♠125 7010120370000000000♠$12 billion [36]
Wilma 20071019 !October 19, 2005 7001180000000000000♠18 185 !185 mph (295 km/h) 7004882000000000000♠882 hPa (26.05 inHg) Greater Antilles, Central America, Florida 7001870000000000000♠87 7010294000000000000♠$29.4 billion [37][38][39][40]
Dean 20070818 !August 18–21, 2007 † 7001240000000000000♠24 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004905000000000000♠905 hPa (26.72 inHg) The Caribbean, Central America 7001450000000000000♠45 7009176000000000000♠$1.76 billion [19][41][42]
Felix 20070903 !September 3–4, 2007 † 7001240000000000000♠24 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Nicaragua, Honduras 7002133000000000000♠133 7008720000000000000♠$720 million [43][44][45][46]
Matthew 20161001 !October 1, 2016 7001120000000000000♠12 165 !165 mph (270 km/h) 7004934000000000000♠934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Antilles, Venezuela, Colombia
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada 7002603000000000000♠603 7010150900000000000♠$15.1 billion [47]
Irma 20170905 !September 5–9, 2017 † 7001750000000000000♠75 185 !185 mph (295 km/h) 7004914000000000000♠914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Cape Verde, The Caribbean, British Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands, Cuba, Florida 7002134000000000000♠134 >7010667000000000000♠$66.7 billion [48]
Maria 20170918 !September 18–20, 2017 † 7001300000000000000♠30 175 !175 mph (280 km/h) 7004908000000000000♠908 hPa (26.81 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands ≥7002547000000000000♠547 >7011103450000000000♠$103 billion [49]
Overall reference for Name, dates, duration, winds and pressure:[1]
†Discontinuous duration (weakened below Category 5 then restrengthened to that classification at least once)
Listed by month[edit]
Month
Number of recorded storms
July 1
August 7
September 19
October 5
November 1
Source
National Hurricane Center[1]
Landfalls[edit]
Hurricane Camille, a landfalling Category 5
All Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall at some location at hurricane strength. Most Category 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic make landfall because of their proximity to land in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, where the usual synoptic weather patterns carry them towards land, as opposed to the westward, oceanic mean track of Eastern Pacific hurricanes.[50] Sixteen of the storms made landfall while at Category 5 intensity;[1] 2007 and 2017 are the only years in which two storms made landfall at this intensity.[1]
Many of these systems made landfall shortly after weakening from a Category 5. This weakening can be caused by dry air near land, shallower waters due to shelving, interaction with land, or cooler waters near shore.[35] In southern Florida, the return period for a Category 5 hurricane is roughly once every 50 years.[51]
The following table lists these hurricanes by landfall intensity.
Name
Year
Category 5 Category 4 Category 3 Category 2 Category 1 Tropical storm Tropical depression References
Cuba !"Cuba" 1924 Cuba Florida The Bahamas [1][52]
Okeechobee !"Okeechobee" 1928 Puerto Rico Guadeloupe, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, & Florida South Carolina
Bahamas !"Bahamas" 1932 The Bahamas
Cuba !"Cuba" 1932 Little Cayman & Cuba The Bahamas Martinique
Cuba !"Cuba–Brownsville" 1933 The Bahamas Cuba & Texas
Tampico !"Tampico" 1933 Yucatán Peninsula Mainland Mexico
Labor Day !"Labor Day" 1935 Florida Keys Northwest Florida The Bahamas
New England !"New England" 1938 New York & Connecticut
Carol 1953 Canada
Janet 1955 Yucatán Peninsula Mainland Mexico
Carla 1961 Texas
Hattie 1961 Belize Mexico
Beulah 1967 Texas Yucatán Peninsula
Camille 1969 Mississippi Cuba
Edith 1971 Nicaragua Louisiana Belize & Mexico
Anita 1977 Mexico
David 1979 Dominican Republic Dominica Florida Cuba, The Bahamas, & Georgia
Allen 1980 Texas
Gilbert 1988 Quintana Roo Jamaica & Tamaulipas [23]
Hugo 1989 Guadeloupe, Saint Croix, & South Carolina Puerto Rico [25]
Andrew 1992 Eleuthera & Florida Berry Islands Louisiana [27]
Mitch 1998 Honduras Campeche & Florida [28]
Isabel 2003 North Carolina [32]
Ivan 2004 Alabama Louisiana [33]
Emily 2005 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas Grenada [34]
Katrina 2005 Louisiana & Mississippi Florida [35]
Rita 2005 Louisiana [36]
Wilma 2005 Cozumel & Quintana Roo Florida [37]
Dean 2007 Quintana Roo Veracruz [41]
Felix 2007 Nicaragua Grenada [43]
Matthew 2016 Haiti, Cuba & Grand Bahama South Carolina [47]
Irma 2017 Barbuda, Saint Martin, Ginger Island, Tortola, Little Inagua & Cuba Florida Keys Southwest Florida [53][54][55][56][57][58]
Maria 2017 Dominica Puerto Rico [59]
See also[edit]
Tropical cyclones portal
Weather portal
List of Atlantic hurricanes
List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Claire Phipps; Alan Yuhas; Matthew Weaver. "Hurricane Irma: Florida braces for epic storm as Caribbean death toll hits 23 – latest updates". The Guardian. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ouragan Maria : deux morts et deux disparus en Guadeloupe". Le Monde (in French). Agence France-Presse & Reuters. September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Landsea, Christopher W (2010-06-08). "Tropical Cyclone FAQ G8) Why do hurricanes hit the East coast of the U.S., but never the West coast?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
Jump up ^ Landsea, Christopher W.; Franklin, James L.; McAdie, Colin J.; Beven, John L.; Gross, James M.; Jarvinen, Brian R.; Pasch, Richard J.; Rappaport, Edward N.; Dunion, Jason P.; Dodge, Peter P. (2004). "A Reanalysis of Hurricane Andrew's Intensity" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 85 (11): 1699. Bibcode:2004BAMS...85.1699L. doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-11-1699. ISSN 0003-0007. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
Jump up ^ Mitchell, Charles L (October 1924). "Notes on the West Indian Hurricane of October 14–23, 1924" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
Jump up ^ "Hurricane Irma: Category 5 Storm Leaves Damage in Barbuda". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Monster Hurricane Irma Makes Landfall On Barbuda In Caribbean". NDTV. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Irmas Historical Track". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Berg, Robbie. "Hurricane Irma Advisory Number 40". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Landsea, Christopher. "Hurricane Irma Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Landsea, Christopher; Onderlinde, Matthew. "Hurricane Irma Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Brown, Daniel. "Hurricane Maria Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
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Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
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