text:
McGeorge School of Law
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University of the Pacific,
McGeorge School of Law
Parent school
University of the Pacific
Established
1924[1]
School type
Private
Dean
Michael Hunter Schwartz
Location
Sacramento, California, US
Enrollment
388 (Full-time)
174 (Part-time)[1]
Faculty
42 (Full and Part-time)
63 (Total)[1]
USNWR ranking
142 (Overall)
34 (Part-time)
10 (Trial Advocacy)
24 (International Law)[1]
Bar pass rate
70%
Website
www.McGeorge.edu
ABA profile
McGeorge School of Law
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law is a private, American Bar Association (ABA) approved law school in the Oak Park neighborhood of the city of Sacramento, California. It is part of the University of the Pacific and is located on the University's Sacramento campus.
Founded in 1924, the school merged with and became part of the University of the Pacific in 1966. The current dean of McGeorge School of Law is Michael Hunter Schwartz, formerly the dean of the William H. Bowen School of Law at University of Arkansas at Little Rock from 2013-2017. Former CIA General Counsel Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker [2] stepped down on June 1, 2012, after 10 years as dean of McGeorge School of Law. Francis J. Mootz III served as dean from 2012-2017. Michael Hunter Schwartz became the 10th dean of McGeorge on July 1, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Accreditation, memberships, rankings
2.1 Memberships
2.2 Rankings
3 Costs
4 Academic programs
5 Bar passage rates
6 Location
7 Journals and publications
7.1 Law journals and student publications
8 Noted people
8.1 Notable alumni
8.2 Notable faculty
8.3 Present Dean and Dean Emeriti
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
The school that eventually became McGeorge began in 1921 when Stanford Law School graduate and Standard Oil executive Verne Adrian McGeorge began teaching law students at night in downtown Sacramento, California. After its formal establishment as a school in 1924, this Sacramento Law School, subsequently renamed in Professor McGeorge's honor as the "McGeorge School of Law," merged with the University of the Pacific in 1966 and came to be known as "Pacific McGeorge." [2] McGeorge became an integral part of the University of the Pacific in 1991.[2]
Accreditation, memberships, rankings[edit]
McGeorge has been fully approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) since 1969.[3] As a result of its ABA accreditation, McGeorge is also approved by the Committee of Bar Examiners of The State Bar of California.
The first year curriculum at McGeorge consists of 27 units.[4] McGeorge law students must also complete 29 units of upper-level required curriculum.[5] Therefore, 56 units out of the 88 units to graduate are required courses.[6] All students take the same required courses.
Memberships[edit]
McGeorge joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in 1974.[7] It has a chapter of the Order of the Coif, a national law school honorary society founded for the purposes of encouraging legal scholarship and advancing the ethical standards of the legal profession.[8]
Rankings[edit]
See also: Law school rankings in the United States
In the 2017 U.S. News & World Report law school rankings, McGeorge School of Law was listed at #144 in the United States.[9] McGeorge was ranked 146 in the 2015 U.S. News & World Report rankings.
For 2016, the Trial Advocacy program was ranked #10 in the nation, while the International Law program received the #20 national ranking in U.S. News & World Report's annual guide to "America's Best Graduate Schools," placing it in the top 20 for the fourth year in a row. For 2016, the part-time evening program at McGeorge was ranked as #35 in the nation.
Costs[edit]
McGeorge's tuition and fees for full-time students during the 2016-2017 academic year cost $49,720 per year, while tuition and fees for part-time students was $33,020 per year.
Academic programs[edit]
McGeorge offers degree programs leading to the award of the J.D. (Juris Doctor), the LL.M. (Master of Laws), the M.P.A. (Master of Public Administration), the M.P.P. (Master of Public Policy) and the J.S.D. (Doctor of Juridical Science) degrees.
McGeorge offers both a three-year day division program and four-year evening division program. As an ABA approved law school, McGeorge graduates are eligible to sit for the bar examination in any American jurisdiction.
Bar passage rates[edit]
Students from McGeorge taking the California Bar Exam for the first time in July 2015 had a 70% pass rate, placing it in the top half of California ABA approved law schools. In July 2014, first time takers had a 61% pass rate.[10] First time California Bar takers from McGeorge in July 2013 had a 67% pass rate.[11] For the February 2015 California Bar Exam, McGeorge students had a 63% pass rate.
Location[edit]
The McGeorge School of Law is located on University of the Pacific's Sacramento campus at 3200 Fifth Avenue in the Oak Park area of Sacramento, the capital of California.[12]
Journals and publications[edit]
Law journals and student publications[edit]
The University of the Pacific Law Review (formerly titled "McGeorge Law Review" and "The Pacific Law Journal") A student-run, scholarly journal publishing four issues annually. Two issues are published each year containing professional articles and student-authored comments or casenotes; one issue contains the Review of Selected California Legislation, or "Greensheets"; and one issue contains a symposium, focusing on a specific, significant legal topic.
California Initiative Review An online comprehensive, independent analysis of California ballot initiatives and related issues.
California Water Law Journal A forum for high quality water law research and academic discourse between students and professionals, and the opportunity to publish candid and current legal analyses.
Noted people[edit]
Notable alumni[edit]
Greg Aghazarian – California State Assemblyman, 26th District
Ronald J. Bath – USAF, Director of U.S. Air Force Strategic Planning
Scott Baugh – former California State Assembly Republican Leader, 67th District
Scott Boras – sports agent
Consuelo María Callahan – Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Lloyd Connelly – Judge, Sacramento County Superior Court
Ellen Corbett – California State Senator, 10th District
L. Whitney Clayton – Presidency of the Seventy of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Christine Craft - attorney, radio talk show host, and former television news anchor
John Doolittle – US Congressman 1991-2009
Morrison C. England Jr. – Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of California
Noreen Evans – California State Assemblywoman, 7th District
Dayvid Figler – Former Las Vegas Municipal Court Judge, NPR commentator
Edward J. Garcia – Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of California
John M. Gerrard – Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court
Mikayil Jabbarov – Minister of Education of the Azerbaijan Republic[13]
Bill Lockyer – California State Treasurer and former California Attorney General
Steve Martini – attorney and best-selling author of legal thriller novels
Deborah Ortiz – former California State Senator, 6th District
Johnnie B. Rawlinson – Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Ronald B. Robie – Associate Justice, Third District California Court of Appeal[14]
Dana Makoto Sabraw – Judge, United States District Court for the Southern District of California
Christian Wellisch – Former professional mixed martial arts combat athlete[15]
Victor Plata – Olympic athlete in triathlon[16]
Robert J. Sandoval - Openly Gay Judge Appointed to the California Superior Court.
Notable faculty[edit]
Omar Dajani, former legal advisor to the Palestinian negotiation team in peace talks with Israel.
J. Clark Kelso, Federal Receiver overseeing healthcare reform in California's prison system, former Insurance Commissioner, former Chief Information Officer of California.
Anthony Kennedy, an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court since 1988,[17] Pacific McGeorge faculty member since 1965.[18]
John J. Kirlin, Founding Director of the Department of Public Policy and as Distinguished Professor of Public Policy[19]
Present Dean and Dean Emeriti[edit]
Michael Hunter Schwartz, 2017 - present
Francis J. –"Jay" Mootz, 2012 – 2017
Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker, 2002 - 2012, Executive Director and CEO of the State Bar of California[20] Former CIA General Counsel
Gerald Caplan, 1991 - 2002
Gordon D. Schaber, 1957 - 1991
John Swann, 1946 - 1957
Lawrence Dowrety, 1937 - WWII closure
Gilford Rowland, 1933 - 1937
Russell Harris, 1930 - 1933
Vern Adrian McGeorge, Founder, 1924 - 1930
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "U.S. News & World Report, "Best Law Schools: University of the Pacific (McGeorge)"". Retrieved March 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c History of McGeorge School of Law
Jump up ^ "ABA-Approved Law Schools by Year". ABA website. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "First-Year Required Curriculum". Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Upper-level Required Curriculum". Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Degree Requirements". Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Jump up ^ AALS Member Schools
Jump up ^ Order of the Coif member schools
Jump up ^ U.S. News - University of the Pacific (McGeorge)
Jump up ^ 2014 California Bar Pass Rates
Jump up ^ 2013 California Bar Pass Rates
Jump up ^ McGeorge campus map and directions
Jump up ^ "LL.M. Named to Key Azerbaijan Post".
Jump up ^ California Courts: Ronald Boyd Robie, Associate Justice
Jump up ^ California State Bar Membership Records
Jump up ^ https://www.teamusa.org/usa-triathlon/athletes/Victor-Plata
Jump up ^ https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx
Jump up ^ http://www.mcgeorge.edu/Anthony_Kennedy.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.mcgeorge.edu/News/Pacific_McGeorge_Announces_John_Kirlin_as_Founding_Director_of_Public_Policy_Department.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.calbar.ca.gov/AboutUs/News/ThisYearsNewsReleases/201516.aspx
External links[edit]
Official website
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Coordinates: 38°32′57″N 121°28′22″W / 38.549167°N 121.472778°W / 38.549167; -121.472778
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Other Backward Class
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are socially or educationally or economically disadvantaged. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the Mandal Commission report of 1980, a figure which had shrunk to 41% by 2006 when the National Sample Survey Organisation took place.[1][2][3] There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India; it is generally estimated to be sizable, but many believe that it is lower than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.[4]
In the Indian Constitution, OBCs are described as "socially and educationally backward classes", and the Government of India is enjoined to ensure their social and educational development — for example, the OBCs are entitled to 27% reservations in public sector employment and higher education. The list of OBCs maintained by the Indian Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is dynamic, with castes and communities being added or removed depending on social, educational and economic factors. RTI data showed in 2015 that in spite of these 27% reservations in jobs, only less than 12% OBCs are in these jobs (in some departments only 6.67% of OBCs were given employment under these 27% reservations).[5] As of 2015, in educational institutes also funds meant for OBC student reservation policy are not used properly or are underused in case of upgrading infrastructure as well as violation of faculty recruitment according to OBC 27% reservation policy.[6]
Until 1985, the affairs of the Backward Classes were looked after by the Backward Classes Cell in the Ministry of Home Affairs. A separate Ministry of Welfare was established in 1985 (renamed in 1998 to the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment) to attend to matters relating to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OBCs.[7] The Backward Classes Division of the Ministry looks after the policy, planning and implementation of programmes relating to social and economic empowerment of OBCs, and matters relating to two institutions set up for the welfare of OBCs, the National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation and the National Commission for Backward Classes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Obligation of the government
2 Demographics
2.1 First Backward Classes Commission
2.2 Mandal Commission
2.3 Sub-categorisation of OBCs
3 Legal disputes
3.1 Creamy layer and Indra Sawhney vs Union of India
3.2 Supreme Court interim stay
3.3 Supreme Court verdict
3.4 Supreme Court conclusions from Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India
3.5 Supreme Court scrapped Jat Reservations in Central OBCs list
4 OBC Christians
5 Brahmins who are in OBC lists
6 Lists
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Obligation of the government[edit]
Under Article 340 of the Indian Constitution, it is obligatory for the government to promote the welfare of the OBCs.
The president may by order appoint a commission consisting of such persons as he thinks fit to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes within the territory of India and the difficulties under which they labour and to make recommendations as to the steps that should be taken by the union or any state to remove such difficulties and as to improve their condition and as to the grants that should be made, and the order appointing such commission shall define the procedure to be followed by the commission. ... A commission so appointed shall investigate the matters referred to them and present to the president a report setting out the facts as found by them and making such recommendations as they think proper.
—  Article 340 of the Indian Constitution
A 1992 decision of the Supreme Court of India resulted in a requirement that 27% of civil service positions be reserved for members of OBCs.[8] In August 2010 the Times of India reported that at most 7% of eligible positions in government jobs had been filled by OBCs, in spite of the 27% reservation.[9][10] This difference between proportion of different communities in higher educational institutions is mainly because of difference in primary school enrollment. Political parties in India have attempted to use these communities as votebanks.[citation needed]
Demographics[edit]
First Backward Classes Commission[edit]
Main article: Kalelkar Commission
Below is the distribution of population of each Religion by Caste Categories,obtained from merged sample of Schedule 1 and Schedule 10 of available data from the National Sample Survey Organisation 55th (1999-2000) and National Sample Survey Organisation 61st Rounds (2004–05) Round Survey[11][dead link]
Distribution of Population of each Religion by Caste Categories
Religion/Caste
SCs
STs
OBCs
General/Others
Hinduism 22.2% 5% 42.8% 26%
Islam 0.0% 0.5% 39.2% 59.5%
Christianity 0.0% 23.8% 41.3% 39.7%
Sikhism 19.1%[12] 0.9% 2.4% 77.5%
Jainism 0.0% 2.6% 3.0% 94.3%
Buddhism 89.5% 7.4% 0.4% 2.7%
Zoroastrianism 0.0% 15.9% 13.7% 70.4%
Others 2.6% 82.5% 6.25 8.7%
Total 19.7% 8.5% 41.1% 30.8%
The First Backward Classes Commission was established by a presidential order on 29 January 1953 under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar, and submitted its report on 30 March 1955. It had prepared a list of 2,399 backward castes or communities for the entire country, of which 837 had been classified as the "most backward". Some of the most notable recommendations of the Kalelkar commission were:
Undertaking caste-wise enumeration of population in the census of 1961;
Relating social backwardness of a class to its low position in the traditional caste hierarchy of Indian society;
Treating all women as a class as "backward";
Reservation of 70 per cent seats in all technical and professional institutions for qualified students of backward classes.
Reservation of vacancies in all government services and local bodies for other backward classes.
The commission in its final report recommended "caste as the criteria" to determine backwardness. However, the report was not accepted by the government, which feared that the backward classes excluded from the caste and communities selected by the commission might not be considered, and those in most need would be swamped by the multitudes, thus receiving insufficient attention.[citation needed]
Mandal Commission[edit]
Main article: Mandal Commission
**NFHS Survey estimated only Hindu OBC population. Total OBC population derived by assuming Muslim ABCation in same proportion as Hindu OBC population.
The decision to set up a second backward classes commission was made official by the president on 1 January 1979. The commission popularly known as the Mandal Commission, its chairman being B. P. Mandal, submitted a report in December 1980 that stated that the population of OBCs, which includes both Hindus and non-Hindus, was around 52 per cent of the total population according to the Mandal Commission. The number of backward castes and communities was 3,743 in the initial list of Mandal Commission set up in 1979-80.[13][14] The number of backward castes in Central list of OBCs has now increased to 5,013 (without the figures for most of the Union Territories) in 2006 as per National Commission for Backward Classes.[15][16][17] Mandal Commission developed 11 indicators or criteria to identify OBCs, of which four were economic.[18]
However, this finding was criticized[by whom?] as based on "fictitious data". The National Sample Survey puts the figure at 32%.[19] There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India, with census data compromised by partisan politics. It is generally estimated to be sizable, but lower than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or and National Sample Survey.[20]
27 percent of reservation was recommended owing to the legal constraint that the total quantum of reservation should not exceed 50 percent. States which have already introduced reservation for OBC exceeding 27 per cent will not be affected by this recommendation. With this general recommendation the commission proposed the following overall scheme of reservation for OBC:
Candidates belonging to OBC recruited on the basis of merit in an open competition should not be adjusted against their reservation quota of 27 per cent.
The above reservation should also be made applicable to promotion quota at all levels.
Reserved quota remaining unfilled should be carried forward for a period of three years and de-reserved thereafter.
Relaxation in the upper age limit for direct recruitment should be extended to the candidates of OBC in the same manner as done in the case of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
A roster system for each category of posts should be adopted by the concerned authorities in the same manner as presently done in respect of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe candidates.
These recommendations in total are applicable to all recruitment to public sector undertakings, both under the central and state governments as well as to nationalised banks. All private sector undertakings which have received financial assistance from the government in one form or other should also be obliged to recruit personnel on the aforesaid basis. All universities and affiliated colleges should also be covered by the above scheme of reservation. Although education is considered an important factor to bring a desired social change, "educational reform" was not within the terms of reference of this commission. To promote literacy the following measures were suggested:
An intensive time-bound programme for adult education should be launched in selected pockets with high concentration of OBC population.
Residential schools should be set up in these areas for backward class students to provide a climate specially conducive to serious studies. All facilities in these schools including board and lodging should be provided free of cost to attract students from poor and backward class homes.
Separate hostels for OBC students with above facilities will have to be provided.
Vocational training was considered imperative.
It was recommended that seats should be reserved for OBC students in all scientific, technical and professional institutions run by the central as well as state governments. The quantum of reservation should be the same as in the government services, i.e. 27 per cent.[citation needed]
Sub-categorisation of OBCs[edit]
In October 2017, President of India Ram Nath Kovind notified a five-member Commission headed by Delhi High Court's former Chief Justice G. Rohini under Article 340 of Indian Constitution,[21][22] to explore the idea of OBC sub-categorisation.[23][24][25] The National Commission for Backward Classes had recommended it in 2011 and a standing committee too had repeated this. The committee has a three-point mandate:[26]
To examine the “extent of inequitable distribution of benefits of reservation” among various castes and communities that come under the Central OBC list.
To work out the mechanism, criteria and parameters for the actual sub-categorisation. The actual OBC reservation will continue to be 27% and within this the committee will have to do the re-arranging.
Bringing order to the Central list of OBCs by removing any repetitions.
The committee will have to deliver the report in 12 weeks of its constitution.[27] The lower OBCs form around 35% of the population in Uttar Pradesh. OBC sub-categorisation have already been implemented at State level by 11 states : West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Bihar, Jammu region and Haryana, and the union territory of Puducherry.[28]
Legal disputes[edit]
Creamy layer and Indra Sawhney vs Union of India[edit]
The term creamy layer was first coined by Justice Krishna Iyer in 1975 in State of Kerala vs NM Thomas case, wherein he observed that "the danger of 'reservation', it seems to me, is three-fold. Its benefits, by and large, are snatched away by the top creamy layer of the 'backward' caste or class, thus keeping the weakest among the weak always weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole cake".[29][30] 1992 Indra Sawhney v Union of India judgment laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50 per cent quotas, emphasized the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The nine-Judge Bench judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as “creamy layer”.[31][32][33] The creamy layer is only applicable in the case of Other Backward Castes and not applicable on other group like SC or ST. The creamy layer criteria was introduced at Rs 100,000 in 1993, and revised to Rs 250,000 in 2004, Rs 450,000 in 2008 and Rs 600,000 in 2013.[34] In October 2015, National Commission for Backward Classes proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to Rs 1.5 million should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC.[35] NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into 'backward', 'more backward' and 'extremely backward' blocs and divide 27% quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs don't corner the quota benefits.[36][37] In August 2017, NDA government announced the creamy layer ceiling in the OBC category from getting reservation in jobs, has been raised from Rs 6 lakh a year to Rs 8 lakh.[38]
Supreme Court interim stay[edit]
On 29 March 2007, the Supreme Court of India, as an interim measure, stayed the law providing for 27 percent reservation for Other Backward Classes in educational institutions like IITs and IIMs. This was done in response to a public interest litigation — Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India. The Court held that the 1931 census could not be a determinative factor for identifying the OBCs for the purpose of providing reservation. The court also observed, "Reservation cannot be permanent and appear to perpetuate backwardness".[39]
Supreme Court verdict[edit]
On 10 April 2008 the Supreme Court of India upheld the government's initiative of 27% OBC quotas in government-funded institutions. The Court has categorically reiterated its prior stand that those considered part of the "Creamy layer" should be excluded by government-funded institutions and by private institutions from the scope of the reservation policy. The verdict produced mixed reactions from supporting and opposing quarters.
Several criteria to identify the portion of the population comprising the "creamy layer" have been recommended, including the following:[40]
Children of those with family income above ₹ 250,000 a year, and then ₹ 450,000 a year as of October 2008[update] and now ₹ 8.5lakhs a year, should be considered creamy layer, and excluded from the reservation quota.
Children of doctors, engineers, chartered accountants, actors, consultants, media professionals, writers, bureaucrats, defence officers of colonel and equivalent rank or higher, high court and Supreme Court judges, and all central and state government Class A and B officials should be excluded.
The Court has requested Parliament to exclude the children of MPs and MLAs as well.
Supreme Court conclusions from Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India[edit]
The Constitution (Ninety-Third Amendment) Act, 2006 does not violate the "basic structure" of the Constitution so far as it relates to the state maintained institutions and aided educational institutions. Question whether the Constitution (Ninety-Third Amendment) Act, 2006 would be constitutionally valid or not so far as "private unaided" educational institutions are concerned, is left open to be decided in an appropriate case.
The "Creamy layer" principle is one of the parameters to identify backward classes. Therefore, principally, the "Creamy layer" principle cannot be applied to STs and SCs, as SCs and STs are separate classes by themselves.
Preferably there should be a review after ten years to take note of the change of circumstances.
A graduation (not technical graduation) or professional course deemed to be educationally forward.
Principle of exclusion of Creamy layer applicable to OBC's.
The Central Government shall examine as to the desirability of fixing a cut off marks in respect of the candidates belonging to the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) to balance reservation with other societal interests and to maintain standards of excellence. This would ensure quality and merit would not suffer. If any seats remain vacant after adopting such norms they shall be filled up by candidates from general categories.
So far as determination of backward classes is concerned, a Notification should be issued by the Union of India. This can be done only after exclusion of the creamy layer for which necessary data must be obtained by the Central Government from the State Governments and Union Territories. Such Notification is open to challenge on the ground of wrongful exclusion or inclusion. Norms must be fixed keeping in view the peculiar features in different States and Union Territories. There has to be proper identification of Other Backward Classes (OBCs). For identifying backward classes, the Commission set up pursuant to the directions of this Court in Indra Sawhney 1 has to work more effectively and not merely decide applications for inclusion or exclusion of castes.
The Parliament should fix a deadline by which time free and compulsory education will have reached every child. This must be done within six months, as the right to free and compulsory education is perhaps the most important of all the fundamental rights (Art.21 A). For without education, it becomes extremely difficult to exercise other fundamental rights.
If material is shown to the Central Government that the Institution deserves to be included in the Schedule (institutes which are excluded from reservations) of The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 (No. 5 of 2007), the Central Government must take an appropriate decision on the basis of materials placed and on examining the concerned issues as to whether Institution deserves to be included in the Schedule of the said act as provided in Sec 4 of the said act.
Held that the determination of SEBCs is done not solely based on caste and hence, the identification of SEBCs does not violate Article 15(1) of the Constitution.
Supreme Court scrapped Jat Reservations in Central OBCs list[edit]
In March 2015, Supreme Court of India scrapped Jat Reservations saying that Jats are not socially and economically backward in reference with National Commission for Backward Classes' (NCBC) opinion .[41][42][43][44] Supreme Court judgement quashed the proposed inclusion of Jats in Central list of OBCs on the basis that Jats are already given OBC status in 9 States.[45] On 21 July 2015, Supreme Court rejected Centre's review plea for its verdict of quashing Jat reservation in OBCs.[46]
OBC Christians[edit]
The Karnataka State Government has issued notification granting OBC reservation benefits to Brahmin Christian, Kuruba Christian, Madiga Christian, Akkasali Christian, Sudri Christian, Scheduled Caste converted to Christianity, Setty Balija Christian, Nekara Christian, Paravar Christian and Lambani Christian.[47]
The Kerala government grants OBC reservation benefits to Latin Catholics, Anglo Indians and Nadar Christians included in South India United Church (SIUC).[48]
Brahmins who are in OBC lists[edit]
Dakaut or Joshi Brahmins in the states of Rajasthan[49], Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Delhi
Maha-Brahmins in Rajasthan.[50]
Sthanika Brahmins in the state of Karnataka
Daivadnya Brahmins in the state of Karnataka[51]
Vishwakarma (endonym Viswabrahmin) - A community comprising five occupational subgroups claiming common descent from the deity Vishvakarman
Barujibi Brahmins from Bengal.
Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins in the states of Kerala and Karnataka[52][51]
Sathatha Sri Vaishnavas A distinctive Brahmin community of Hindus in the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana[53]
Marathi Brahmins in state of Kerala[52]
Bairagi Brahmin in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh.
Goswami Brahmins in the states of Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh
Manipuri Brahmins in the state of Assam[54]
Lists[edit]
See also: List of Muslim Other Backward Classes communities
Lists of OBCs are maintained by both the National Commission for Backward Classes and the individual states. The central list does not always reflect the state lists, which can differ significantly.[citation needed] A community identified as a nationally recognized OBC in the NCBC central list may be so recognized only in specific states or only in limited areas within specific states. Occasionally, it is not an entire community that is thus classified but rather some parts within it.[8][55]
See also[edit]
Socio Economic Caste Census 2011
List of Muslim Other Backward Classes communities
List of Scheduled Castes
List of Scheduled Tribes
Forward Castes
Caste system
Varna (Hinduism)
Jat reservation agitation
Patidar reservation agitation
Economically Backward Class
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "OBCs form 41% of population: Survey".
Jump up ^ "OBc count: 52 or 41%? - The Times of India". The Times Of India.
Jump up ^ "OBCs make up 41% of population: Survey".
Jump up ^ What is India's population of other backward classes?,Yahoo News.
Jump up ^ "20 years after Mandal, less than 12% OBCs in central govt jobs".
Jump up ^ "'Funds not used fully in educational institutions for OBC reservation'".
Jump up ^ "About Us - Brief History". Socialjustice.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-09-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ministry of Social Welfare Resolution" (PDF). Gazette of India. New Delhi. 10 September 1993. pp. ?–52. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Kumar, D Suresh (25 September 2010). "17 yrs after Mandal, 7% OBCs in govt jobs". Times News Network. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Kumar, D Suresh (31 August 2010). "17 yrs after Mandal, 7% OBCs in govt jobs - Times of India". Times of India. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Sachar, Rajindar (2006). "Sachar Committee Report(2004-2005)" (PDF). Government of India. Retrieved 2008-09-27. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Sikhs constituted 63 per cent of the population. The population of Scheduled Castes is projected to have increased to 31-32 per cent as per Census 2001".
Jump up ^ "BC, DC or EC? What lies ahead of the census- Haphazard lists and multiple definitions could pose hurdles in establishing identity during the caste count".
Jump up ^ "OBCs: Who are they?-Reservation policy for OBCs: Who would benefit and what are the costs involved". Retrieved 2006-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Time to curb number of backward castes".
Jump up ^ "The Muslim OBCs And Affirmative Action-SACHAR COMMITTEE REPORT".
Jump up ^ "SECC 2011: Why we are headed for Mandal 2 and more quotas before 2019".
Jump up ^ "Redesigning reservations: Why removing caste-based quotas is not the answer".
Jump up ^ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India — Main News". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2012-09-21.
Jump up ^ Anand, Arun (24 May 2006). "What is India's population of other backward classes?". Archived from the original on 26 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "Justice Rohini to head sub-categorisation panel". Press Information Bureau GOI.
Jump up ^ "Justice G. Rohini to head panel on OBC sub-categorization".
Jump up ^ "President Kovind appoints five-member commission to examine OBC sub-categorization".
Jump up ^ "Why OBC Sub-Categorisation Will Be Modi's Ultimate Surgical Strike".
Jump up ^ "Caste and class: On OBC sub-categorisation". 25 August 2017 – via www.thehindu.com.
Jump up ^ "OBC list to be sub-categorised".
Jump up ^ "Panel to split OBCs into sub-categories".
Jump up ^ "OBC sub-categorisation: An idea that bloomed for BJP in U.P."
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court Of India Order". The Judgement Information System.
Jump up ^ Gupta, Anish; Giri, Aaleya (12 September 2015). "Scourge of Reservation: The Invisible Creamy Layer". The Pioneer (Op-ed). Archived from the original on 2015-09-14.
Jump up ^ "Explained: Order reserved".
Jump up ^ "For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector". 23 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Plea to reconsider judgment in Indra Sawhney case of 1992".
Jump up ^ "Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.05 lakh: OBC panel".
Jump up ^ "OBC panel backs off, won't make 'creamy layer' reservation criteria stringent".
Jump up ^ "OBC sub-division, relaxing creamy layer is a must: NCBC tells govt".
Jump up ^ "Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel - Times of India".
Jump up ^ "'Creamy layer' income bar for OBCs raised to Rs 8 lakh, new panel to take call on sub-categories".
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court OBC quota in IITs, IIMs". rediff.com. Rediff.com India Limited. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
Jump up ^ "New Cutoff for OBCs". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 11 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
Jump up ^ "The one paragraph from the Supreme Court's Jat quota judgment that slams competitive backwardness".
Jump up ^ "Why is the media outraging against OBC reservations when it's the higher castes who have cornered jobs?".
Jump up ^ "The Daily Fix: Supreme Court reminds India that the third word in OBC is 'class' not 'caste'".
Jump up ^ "Jats put in OBC as per Constitutional mandate: Centre to SC". 5 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Centre moves Supreme Court seeking review of Jat quota verdict".
Jump up ^ "OBC status for Jats: SC quashes Centre's review plea".
Jump up ^ "Caste Census to Focus on Education, Economy".
Jump up ^ http://www.keralapsc.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&id=338&Itemid=198
Jump up ^ http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv31HvqDjLo2b6bRBzpX69AuevOb6OGP5DsC5gpIwo1%2fUhqMgvCp07Y
Jump up ^ http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv31HvqDjLo2b6bRBzpX69AuevOb6OGP5DsC5gpIwo1%2fUhqMgvCp07Y
^ Jump up to: a b "Central List of OBCs State : Karnataka". www.ncbc.nic.in. National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Central List of OBCs State : Kerala". www.ncbc.nic.in. National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Bairy, Ramesh (2013-01-11). Being Brahmin, Being Modern: Exploring the Lives of Caste Today. Routledge. ISBN 9781136198199.
Jump up ^ "National Commission for Backward Classes". www.ncbc.nic.in. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
Jump up ^ NCBC Central list of Other Backward Classes
External links[edit]
Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India
National Commission for Backward Classes, central list by state
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Other_Backward_Class&oldid=848070098"
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Achilles' heel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the phrase. For the anatomical part, see Achilles tendon. For other uses, see Achilles Heel (disambiguation).
Statue of Achilleas Thniskon (Dying Achilles) at the Corfu Achilleion.
An Achilles' heel is a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 Anatomy
3 See also
4 References
Origin[edit]
Oil painting (c. 1625) by Peter Paul Rubens of the goddess Thetis dipping her son Achilles in the River Styx, which runs through Hades. In the background, the ferryman Charon rows the dead across the river in his boat.
In Greek mythology, when Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother Thetis took Achilles to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water; however, as Thetis held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles. One day, a poisonous arrow shot at him was lodged in his heel, killing him shortly afterwards.
The death of Achilles was not mentioned in Homer's Iliad, but appeared in later Greek and Roman poetry and drama[1] concerning events after the Iliad, later in the Trojan War. In the myths surrounding the war, Achilles was said to have died from a heel wound which was the result of an arrow—possibly poisoned—shot by Paris.[2]
Classical myths attribute Achilles's invulnerability to his mother Thetis having treated him with ambrosia and burned away his mortality in the hearth fire except on the heel, by which she held him. Peleus, his father, discovered the treatment and was alarmed to see Thetis holding the baby in the flames, which offended her and made her leave the treatment incomplete.[3] According to a myth arising later, his mother had dipped the infant Achilles in the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel, and he became invulnerable where the waters touched him—that is, everywhere except the areas of his heel that were covered by her thumb and forefinger.[4]
The use of “Achilles heel” as an expression meaning “area of weakness, vulnerable spot” dates only to 1840, with implied use in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Ireland, that vulnerable heel of the British Achilles!" from 1810 (Oxford English Dictionary).[5]
Anatomy[edit]
The large and prominent tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the calf is called the tendo achilleus or Achilles tendon. This is commonly associated with the site of Achilles' death wound. Tendons are notably avascular, so such an injury is unlikely to be fatal; however, the myth has the arrow poisoned with the blood of the Lernaean Hydra.
A more likely anatomical basis for Achilles's death, assuming an unpoisoned dart, would have been an injury to his posterior tibial artery behind the medial malleolus, in between the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the posterior tibial vein. This area could also have been included in Thetis's grip.
See also[edit]
Look up Achilles heel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Achilles tendon
Balder in Norse mythology
Duryodhana in the Mahabharatha
Esfandiyar in the Shahnameh
Siegfried in the Nibelungenlied
Kryptonite
Squatting position
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses 12.580–619
Jump up ^ See P. J. Heslin, The Transvestite Achilles: Gender and Genre in Statius’ Achilleid, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2005, 166–169.
Jump up ^ Apollonius, Argonautica 4.869–872
Jump up ^ Statius, Achilleid 1.122f.,269f,480f.
Jump up ^ OED online
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Julia Faye
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Julia Faye
Julia Faye in Stars of the Photoplay (1924)
Born
Julia Faye Maloney
(1892-09-24)September 24, 1892
Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
Died
April 6, 1966(1966-04-06) (aged 73)
Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place
Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Other names
Julia Faye Covell
Julia Faye Wallick
Julia Faye Merrill
Alma mater
Illinois State University
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1915–1957
Spouse(s)
Harold Leroy Wallick (m. 1913)
Walter Anthony Merrill (m. 1935; div. 1936)
Partner(s)
Cecil B. DeMille
Julia Faye (September 24, 1892[1] – April 6, 1966) was an American actress of silent and sound films.[2] She was known for her appearances in more than 30 Cecil B. DeMille productions. Her various roles ranged from maids and ingénues to vamps and queens.
She was "famed throughout Hollywood for her perfect legs" until her performance in Cecil B. DeMille's The Volga Boatman (1926) established her as "one of Hollywood's popular leading ladies."[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Triangle, Fine Arts, and Keystone (1915–1916)
2.2 Famous Players-Lasky (1917–1925)
2.3 DeMille Pictures Corporation (1925–1927)
2.4 Sound films (1928–1957)
3 Personal life
4 Death
5 Legacy
6 Partial filmography
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Faye was born Julia Faye Maloney[4] at her grandmother's home near Richmond, Virginia.[5] Her father, Robert J. Maloney (born c. 1865),[6] worked for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.[7] Her mother, Emma Louise Elliott (1872–1955),[8] was from New Castle, Indiana.[9] Her parents had married in 1890 in Newton, Kansas.[6][10] Faye's paternal grandfather, Thomas Maloney, was born in Ireland and had immigrated to the United States in the 1850s.[11]
Faye's father died sometime before 1901,[12] when her widowed mother married Cyrus Demetrios Covell (1862–1941)[13] in Indiana. Faye took her stepfather's name and listed him as her father.
She had lived in St. Louis, Missouri, prior to coming to Hollywood in 1915, to visit friends. She visited one of the film studios and was introduced to actor and director Christy Cabanne. The two reminisced about St. Louis and discovered that they had lived next door to one another there. Cabanne persuaded Faye's reluctant mother to allow her to be in motion pictures.[14]
Career[edit]
Triangle, Fine Arts, and Keystone (1915–1916)[edit]
Faye made her debut in silent films with bit roles in Martyrs of the Alamo and The Lamb, both directed by Christy Cabanne for Triangle Film Corporation in 1915.[15] Her first credited and important role was as Dorothea opposite DeWolf Hopper's Don Quixote in the 1915 Fine Arts adaptation of the famous Miguel de Cervantes novel. Neil G. Caward, a reviewer for the film journal Motography, wrote, in his review of Don Quixote, that "both Fay Tincher as Dulcinea and Julia Faye as Dorothea add much enjoyment to the picture."[16] Faye's growing popularity increased with her appearances in several Keystone comedies, including A Movie Star, His Auto Ruination, His Last Laugh, Bucking Society, The Surf Girl, and A Lover's Might, all released in 1916. She also worked for D. W. Griffith, who gave her a minor role in Intolerance (1916).
Famous Players-Lasky (1917–1925)[edit]
Faye's first role for Cecil B. DeMille was featured in The Woman God Forgot (1917).[17] She continued working for DeMille in The Whispering Chorus, Old Wives for New, The Squaw Man and Till I Come Back to You (all 1918).
Faye as Gloria Swanson's maid in DeMille's Male and Female (1919)
In 1919, Faye played the stenographer in Stepping Out. Cast with Enid Bennett, Niles Welch, and Gertrude Claire, Faye was complimented by a critic for playing her role with "class".[18] In DeMille's Male and Female (1919), she played Gloria Swanson's maid.
Her next film, It Pays To Advertise (1919), was a Paramount Pictures release adapted by Elmer Harris from the play of the same name by Rol Cooper Megrue and Walter Hackett. It was directed by Donald Crisp. Faye was among the actors with Lois Wilson depicting the leading lady.[19]
Faye was listed as a member of the Paramount Stock Company School in July 1922. Its noteworthy personalities included Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson, Betty Compson, Wallace Reid, Bebe Daniels, and Pola Negri.[20]
Faye with Charles de Rochefort, Pat Moore, and Theodore Roberts in The Ten Commandments (1923)
In 1923, she played The Wife of Pharaoh, one of her most famous roles, in the prologue of DeMille's The Ten Commandments.
Faye joined Raymond Griffith and ZaSu Pitts in the screen feature Changing Husbands (1924), a Leatrice Joy comedy adapted from a magazine story entitled Roles.[21]
DeMille Pictures Corporation (1925–1927)[edit]
When DeMille resigned as director general of Famous Players-Lasky, in January 1925, he became the production head of Cinema Corporation of America. He planned to direct two or three films per year and supervise the making of between ten and twenty more. Faye came along with him as did Joy, Rod La Roque, Florence Vidor, Mary Astor, and Vera Reynolds.[22]
The Volga Boatman (1926) was directed by DeMille and named for the noted Russian song. William Boyd, Elinor Fair, and Faye have primary roles in a production DeMille called "his greatest achievement in picture making."[23] Faye's depiction of a "tiger woman" was esteemed as the most captivating of her career, to this point.[24] Before this role she had been known for "silken siren roles". Theodore Kosloff played opposite her as a stupid blacksmith.[25]
Faye played Martha in The King of Kings (1927). Christ, portrayed by H.B. Warner, is introduced with great majesty in the DeMille photodrama. A blind child searches for the Lord and the producer/director turns the camera gradually down to the child's eyes. The viewer sees Christ initially like the blind child whose sight is restored.[26] Faye traveled to New York City for personal appearances in association with The King of Kings and to address a sales convention in Chicago, Illinois.[27]
Faye won critical acclaim for her leading performance in the 60-minute silent comedy Turkish Delight (1927),[28] directed by Paul Sloane for DeMille Pictures Corporation. She was featured as Velma in the 1927 DeMille-produced film adaptation of the play Chicago; she has the distinction of being the first actress to portray Velma on-screen.
Sound films (1928–1957)[edit]
Faye had a small role as an inmate in DeMille's The Godless Girl (1929), which featured some talking sequences, but she made her "talkie" debut playing Marcia Towne in DeMille's first sound film, Dynamite (1929), co-starring Conrad Nagel, Kay Johnson, and Charles Bickford. Dynamite was also her first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film. She also appeared in two other MGM productions, the Marion Davies comedy Not So Dumb (1930) and DeMille's third and final remake of The Squaw Man (1931), before her brief retirement from films in the early 1930s.
After a short-lived marriage, Faye returned to films with a minor role in Till We Meet Again (1936) and would go on to appear in every one of DeMille's films after Union Pacific (1939), which marked her return to DeMille films. In Samson and Delilah (1949), she had a prominent supporting role as Delilah's maidservant, Hisham. In The Ten Commandments (1956), she played Elisheba, Aaron's wife. Her last role was as a dowager in the 1958 remake of DeMille's The Buccaneer, produced by DeMille himself but directed by his son-in-law Anthony Quinn.
Personal life[edit]
Faye in a 1920 photograph
Faye married Harold Leroy Wallick on August 2, 1913, in Manhattan.[29] Wallick predeceased her, and she is listed as a widow in the 1930 census.[30]
Faye first met Cecil B. DeMille in 1917 and became one of his mistresses. In 1920, Faye resided at 2450 Glendower Avenue in Los Feliz.[31] She later bought a Colonial Revival-style mansion at 2338 Observatory Avenue, also in Los Feliz.[32]
Faye married screenwriter[33] Walter Anthony Merrill on October 24, 1935, in Los Angeles.[34] In April 1936, she announced that she had obtained a Nevada divorce from Merrill.[33]
Faye began writing a memoir, Flicker Faces, in the mid-1940s. Although it remains unpublished, some excerpts from the memoir are included in author Scott Eyman's 2010 biography of DeMille, Empire of Dreams: The Epic Life of Cecil B. DeMille.
Death[edit]
Faye died of cancer at her home in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles,[35] on April 6, 1966, at the age of 73. Her cremated remains rest in the Colonnade at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
Legacy[edit]
For her contributions to the American film industry, Faye was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6500 Hollywood Boulevard.[36] Her memoir, saved in The Cecil B. DeMille Archives at Brigham Young University, has yet to be published.
Partial filmography[edit]
The Lamb (1915) - Minor Role (uncredited)
Don Quixote (1915) - Dorothea
Intolerance (1916) - Bit Role (uncredited)
A Roadside Impresario (1917) - Adelaide Vandergrift
The Woman God Forgot (1917) - Tecza's handmaiden
The Whispering Chorus (1918) - Girl in Shanghai Dive (uncredited)
Old Wives for New (1918) - Jessie
Sandy (1918) - Annette Fenton
Till I Come Back to You (1918) - Susette
Mrs. Leffingwell's Boots (1918) - Mabel Brown
The Squaw Man (1918) - Lady Mabel
Venus in the East (1919) - Doric Blint
Don't Change Your Husband (1919) - Nanette aka Toodles
A Very Good Young Man (1919) - Kitty Douglas
Stepping Out (1919) - The Secretary
Male and Female (1919) - Susan - Maid #2
It Pays to Advertise (1919) - Countess de Beaurien
The Six Best Cellars (1920) - Mrs. Jordan
Why Change Your Wife? (1920) - Girl in Bathing Suit (uncredited)
Something to Think About (1920) - Alice Blair - Banker's Daughter
Life of the Party (1920) - 'French' Kate
Forbidden Fruit (1921) - Mrs. Mallory's First Maid
The Snob (1921) - Betty Welland
The Great Moment (1921) - Sadi Bronson
The Affairs of Anatol (1921) - Tibra (uncredited)
Fool's Paradise (1921) - Samaran, His Chief Wife
A Trip to Paramountown (1922, Short) - Herself
Saturday Night (1922) - Elsie Prentiss
Nice People (1922) - Hallie Livingston
Manslaughter (1922) - Mrs. Drummond
Nobody's Money (1923) - Annette
Adam's Rib (1923) - The Mischievous One
The Ten Commandments (1923) - The Wife of Pharaoh - Prologue
Don't Call It Love (1923) - Clara Proctor
Hollywood (1923) - Herself
Triumph (1924) - Countess Rika
The Breaking Point (1924) - Gossipy Patient (uncredited)
Changing Husbands (1924) - Mitzi
Feet of Clay (1924) - Bertha Lansell
The Golden Bed (1925) - Nell Thompson
Hell's Highroad (1925) - Anne Broderick
The Road to Yesterday (1925) - Dolly Foules
The Volga Boatman (1926) - Mariusha, A Gypsy
Bachelor Brides (1926) - Pansy Short
Meet the Prince (1926) - Princess Sophia Alexnov
Corporal Kate (1926) - Becky Finkelstein
The King of Kings (1927) - Martha
His Dog (1927) - Dorcas
The Fighting Eagle (1927) - Josephine
The Main Event (1927) - Margie
Turkish Delight (1927) - Zelma
Chicago (1927) - Velma
The Godless Girl (1929) - Inmate 1#
Dynamite (1929) - Marcia Towne
Not So Dumb (1930) - Mrs. Forbes
The Squaw Man (1931) - Mrs. Chichester Jones
Only Yesterday (1933) - (uncredited)
Till We Meet Again (1936) - Nurse
You and Me (1938) - Secretary
Union Pacific (1939) - Mame
The Spellbinder (1939) - Courtroom Extra (uncredited)
Remember the Night (1940) - Jury Member (uncredited)
Northwest Mounted Police (1940) - Wapiskau
Pacific Blackout (1941) - Dance Club Woman (uncredited)
Reap the Wild Wind (1942) - Charleston Lady
Holiday Inn (1942) - Guest at Inn (uncredited)
So Proudly We Hail! (1943) - Nurse (uncredited)
The Story of Dr. Wassell (1944) - Anne, the Nurse (uncredited)
Casanova Brown (1944) - X-Ray Nurse (uncredited)
Masquerade in Mexico (1945) - Party Guest (uncredited)
To Each His Own (1946) - (uncredited)
California (1947) - Wagon Woman
Easy Come, Easy Go (1947) - Neighbor (uncredited)
Fear in the Night (1947) - Rental Home Owner (uncredited)
Blaze of Noon (1947) - Hatchet-Faced Wife (uncredited)
Welcome Stranger (1947) - Townswoman (uncredited)
The Perils of Pauline (1947) - Nurse (uncredited)
Unconquered (1947) - Widow Swivens
The Big Clock (1948) - Secretary (uncredited)
Mr. Reckless (1948) - Wedding Guest (uncredited)
Beyond Glory (1948) - Motherly Churchgoer (uncredited)
Night Has a Thousand Eyes (1948) - Companion (uncredited)
Joan of Arc (1948) - Townswoman (uncredited)
Alias Nick Beal (1949) - Reformer (uncredited)
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949) - Lady Penelope
Red, Hot and Blue (1949) - Julia - Housekeeper
Song of Surrender (1949) - Bidder (uncredited)
Chicago Deadline (1949) - Nurse (uncredited)
Samson and Delilah (1949) - Hisham
The Lawless (1950) - Mrs. Jensen
Where Danger Lives (1950) - Nurse Seymour (uncredited)
Sunset Boulevard (1950) - Hisham (uncredited)
Copper Canyon (1950) - Proprietor's Wife (uncredited)
Here Comes the Groom (1951) - Passenger on Airplane (uncredited)
The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) - Birdie
The Ten Commandments (1956) - Elisheba
The Buccaneer (1958) - Dowager at Sale
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Julia Merrill – United States Social Security Death Index". FamilySearch. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ The Army of Ushers, New York Times, February 17, 1924, pg. X5.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Dan (June 19, 1927). "Some Stars Break in Movies By Legs and Backs". The Pittsburgh Press. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Julia Fay Malony – United States Census, 1900". FamilySearch. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Miss Julia Faye, Actress, In City But Companions Didn't Recognize Her. Guest At Club". The Free Lance-Star. June 7, 1934. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Robert J Moloney [sic] mentioned in the record of Robert J Moloney and Louise E Elliott". FamilySearch. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A WEDDING AND A RECEPTION". Newton Daily Republican. August 7, 1890. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Louise Elliott Covell – California Death Index". FamilySearch. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Emma Louise Covell – United States Passport Applications". FamilySearch. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "An event long to be remembered in railroad circles was the marriage of Fireman R. J. Maloney to Miss Emma Elliott on Wednesday night, at the home of the groom's parents. The attendance of invited guests was large, the entertainment of the evening jovial, the supper splendid and the presents rare and costly. Both of the parties are well known nere, and have already commeneed house keeping on West Seventh street." The Topeka Daily Capital. August 10, 1890. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Malony [sic] mentioned in the record of Thomas Malony and Martha Reed". FamilySearch. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Emma Maloney mentioned in the record of Cyrus Covel and Emma Maloney". FamilySearch. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cyrus Demetrios Covell California – Death Index". FamilySearch. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Beauty's Visit Here Starts Film Career", Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1926, p. C32
Jump up ^ Motion Picture, Volumes 81–82. Macfadden-Bartell. 1951. p. 77. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Caward, Neil G. (January 8, 1916). "The Current Triangle Bill". Motography. XV (2): 84. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ DeMille, Cecil B. (1959). The Autobiography of Cecil B. DeMille. Prentice Hall. p. 188. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ The Screen, September 22, 1919, New York Times, p. 8
Jump up ^ Written On The Screen, New York Times, November 9, 1919, p. XX5
Jump up ^ "Pictures Plays And People", New York Times, July 30, 1922, p. 81
Jump up ^ Around the Movie World, May 11, 1924, p. X5
Jump up ^ "DeMille Organizes A New Film Concern", New York Times, February 6, 1925, p. 14
Jump up ^ "DeMille's 'Volga Boatman'", New York Times, April 12, 1926, p. X5
Jump up ^ "[Faye] Plays Vivid Role In De Mille Opus", Los Angeles Times, May 12, 1926, p. A9
Jump up ^ "Julia Faye Has Comedy Role in Volga Boatman", Los Angeles Times, May 14, 1926, p. A8
Jump up ^ "Christ's Life Filmed", New York Times, November 21, 1926, pg. X7.
Jump up ^ "De Mille, La Rocque Make Up", Los Angeles Times, March 29, 1927, p. A10.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Dan (June 17, 1927). "Julia Faye's Willingness To Help Brings Her To Stardom". The Evening Independent. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Julia Faye Covell mentioned in the record of Harold Leroy Wallick and Julia Faye Covell". FamilySearch. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Julia Faye – United States Census, 1930". FamilySearch. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "History". Los Feliz Improvement Association. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Los Feliz Improvement Association Historical Survey – Volume V: Streets Beginning with M-P" (PDF). Los Feliz Improvement Association. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Julia Faye Gets Divorce". The Milwaukee Journal. April 19, 1936. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Julia Covell Wallick mentioned in the record of Walter Anthony Merrill and Julia Covell Wallick". FamilySearch. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ The Film Daily. Wid's Films and Film Folk Incorporated. 1966. p. 184. HOLLYWOOD— JULIA FAYE MERRILL, 72, a beauty of silent films whose acting career continued until 1956, died Wednes- day at her home in Pacific Palisades, following an illness of several months. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Julia Faye – Hollywood Walk of Fame". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Julia Faye.
Julia Faye on IMDb
Julia Faye at AllMovie
Julia Faye at Virtual History
Julia Faye at Find a Grave
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb16777842g (data)
ISNI: 0000 0000 4344 8068
LCCN: no93004910
VIAF: 31566553
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia_Faye&oldid=841206314"
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