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The Greatest Showman
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The Greatest Showman
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Michael Gracey
Produced by
Laurence Mark
Peter Chernin
Jenno Topping
Screenplay by
Jenny Bicks
Bill Condon
Story by
Jenny Bicks
Starring
Hugh Jackman
Zac Efron
Michelle Williams
Rebecca Ferguson
Zendaya
Music by
John Debney
Joseph Trapanese
Cinematography
Seamus McGarvey
Edited by
Tom Cross
Robert Duffy
Joe Hutshing
Michael McCusker
Jon Poll
Spencer Susser
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
Seed Productions
Laurence Mark Productions
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) (RMS Queen Mary 2)
December 20, 2017 (2017-12-20) (United States)
Running time
105 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$84 million[2]
Box office
$424.3 million[3]
The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical drama film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions.
Principal photography on the film began in New York City in November 2016, and it premiered on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2. The film was released in the United States on December 20, 2017, by 20th Century Fox and has grossed $424 million worldwide, making it the fifth-highest grossing live-action musical of all-time.
The Greatest Showman received mixed reviews, with praise for Jackman and the rest of the performances, music, and production value but criticism aimed at the artistic license taken, with some reviewers calling it "faux-inspiring and shallow".[4][5][6] At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, the film received nominations for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor – Musical or Comedy for Jackman. For the song "This Is Me", the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
3.2 Post-production
4 Music
4.1 Musical numbers
4.2 Soundtrack
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
5.2 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
P. T. Barnum and his troupe perform a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). As the song continues, the background turns to black, with Barnum singing alone, leading to a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, and he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.
Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", Barnum searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus".
Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").
Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued amid the chaos by Barnum but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen back to her parents' home.
Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local pub, where his troupe find him there and persuade him to rebuild the circus. Barnum has an epiphany that causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself ("From Now On"). Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share a kiss.
Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The new, revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).
Cast[edit]
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.
Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum
Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice.
Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. His character is partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.
Skylar Dunn as Young Charity
Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".
Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]
Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.
Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins".
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, The Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, The Juggler
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.
Production[edit]
The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[10] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[11] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[12]
On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[13] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[14][15][16][17] The film was choreographed by Ashley Wallen.[18]
Filming[edit]
Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[19][20]
Post-production[edit]
In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to serve as an executive producer during the film's post-production. In an interview, director Michael Gracey noted, "There were eight producers on this film, and it was amazing having one of them be a filmmaker."[21]
Music[edit]
Musical numbers[edit]
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[22]
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
The soundtrack album features eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom, it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1.[23] The Greatest Showman now draws level with Adele's 21 for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now at 465,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 197,000 physical copies, 107,000 downloads and 35% streaming.[24]
Release[edit]
The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[25][26] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[27] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.
Marketing[edit]
On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[28]
On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[29][30]
Home media[edit]
In the United States, the film was released via digital download on March 20, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD on April 10, 2018.[31] In the United Kingdom, the film will be released first on digital download on April 27, 2018, while Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD copies go on sale on May 14. These versions will include the sing-along version, two hours of behind-the-scenes footage and music machine jukebox features.[32]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of April 17, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $173.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $251 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $424.3 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3] It is the fourth- and fifth-highest grossing musical ever in North America and globally, respectively, and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film should turn a profit between $50–100 million.[33]
In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[34][35] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[36] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[37] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[38][39] In its third week, the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[40]
The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[41] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[42] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[43] It is the 13th highest-grossing film to never top the American box office.[44]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 206 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[45] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[46] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[36]
Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[47] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[48] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[49] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[50]
Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[51] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[52] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[53] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[54]
Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[55] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[56] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[57] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[58]
Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[59] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[60] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. The film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[61] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[62]
Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[63] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[64]
Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[65] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[66]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018 Best Grownup Love Story The Greatest Showman Won [67][68]
Academy Awards
March 4, 2018 Best Original Song "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated [69][70]
Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018 Big Budget – Comedy Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin Won [71]
Costume Designers Guild
February 20, 2018 Excellence in Period Film Ellen Mirojnick Nominated [72]
Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018 Best Song "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated [73]
Dorian Awards
February 24, 2018 Campy Flick of the Year The Greatest Showman Nominated [74]
[75]
Empire Awards
March 18, 2018 Best Costume Design The Greatest Showman Nominated [76]
[77]
Best Make-up And Hairstyling The Greatest Showman Nominated
Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018 Best Original Song "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated [78]
Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018 Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Hugh Jackman Nominated [79]
Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Greatest Showman Nominated
Best Original Song – Motion Picture "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Won
Golden Reel Awards
February 18, 2018 Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki Won [80]
Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
February 8, 2018 Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated [81]
Best Song/Recording Created for a Film "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated
Heartland Film Festival
December 31, 2017 Truly Moving Picture Award Michael Gracey Won [82]
Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild
February 24, 2018 Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis Nominated [83]
Saturn Awards
June 2018 Best Action or Adventure Film The Greatest Showman Pending [84]
Best Costume Design Ellen Mirojnick Pending
Best Music John Debney and Joseph Trapanese Pending
See also[edit]
The Greatest Show on Earth
Barnum
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Roeper, Richard (December 20, 2017). "Catchy songs steal the show in 'The Greatest Showman'". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Persall, Steve (December 20, 2017). "Why 'The Greatest Showman' is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bibbiani, William (December 20, 2017). "'The Greatest Showman' review". IGN. Ziff Davis. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Peele, Britton (December 20, 2017). "Catchy musical 'The Greatest Showman,' like its central character, reshapes truth for entertainment". GuideLive. The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Jackie K (December 21, 2017). ""The Greatest Showman" Is Movie Magic". HuffPost. Oath. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Armitage, Hugh (December 20, 2017). "The Greatest Showman review – An undemanding spectacle for all the family". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK.
Jump up ^ Jones, Alan (December 20, 2017). "The Greatest Showman review: "pure musical entertainment of a sumptuous vintage"". Radio Times. Immediate Media Company. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ O'Malley, Sheila (December 20, 2017). "The Greatest Showman". RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Davidson, Douglas (December 15, 2017). "'The Greatest Showman' is an undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack". CLTure. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Berardinelli, James (December 21, 2017). "The Greatest Showman film review". ReelViews. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Calvin (December 20, 2017). "Hugh Jackman shines in 'The Greatest Showman'". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kozlowski, Carl (December 21, 2017). "'The Greatest Showman' provide an eclectic feast for the senses". Pasadena Weekly. Southland Publishing. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Means, Sean P. (December 20, 2017). "Hugh Jackman and some Utah-grown talent deliver Barnum's bravado in musical 'The Greatest Showman'". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lazic, Manuela (December 20, 2017). "The Greatest Showman Review". Little White Lies. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hammond, Pete (December 20, 2017). "'The Greatest Showman' Review: Hugh Jackman Sings And Dances His Way Into Holiday Hearts In Lively Family Musical". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ LaSalle, Mick (December 20, 2017). "Greatest Showman' starring Hugh Jackman as Barnum magnificently idiotic". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'The Greatest Showman': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. December 20, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (December 19, 2017). "Review: 'The Greatest Showman' Is 'a Shrill Blast of Nothing'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chang, Justin (December 20, 2017). "'The Greatest Showman' turns Hugh Jackman's P.T. Barnum into a hero, and cons the audience in the process". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ashley (January 17, 2018). "AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards: 'The Post' Leads Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Appelo, Tim (February 5, 2018). "Complete List of Winners at the 2018 Movies for Grownups Awards". Movies for Grownups. AARP. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ THR Staff (January 23, 2018). "Oscars: 'Shape of Water' Leads With 13 Noms". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Variety Staff (March 4, 2018). "Academy Award Winners 2018: The Complete List". Variety. Penske Business Media.
Jump up ^ Brockington, Ariana; Caranicas, Peter (January 18, 2018). "'Dunkirk,' 'Black Mirror' Among Winners at Casting Society Artios Awards". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stone, Sasha (January 10, 2018). "Costume Designers Guild Announces Nominees". Awards Daily. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 6, 2017). "Critics' Choice Awards: 'The Shape of Water' Leads With 14 Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 10, 2018). "'Call Me by Your Name' Leads Dorian Award Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 31, 2018). "Dorian Awards: 'Call Me by Your Name' Hailed as Film of the Year". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ruby, Jennifer (January 19, 2018). "Empire Film Awards 2018: The Last Jedi leads the pack with nine nominations including Best Actress for Daisy Ridley". London Evening Standard. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ritman, Alex (January 22, 2018). "'Star Wars: The Last Jedi' Leads Nominations for U.K.'s Empire Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "2017 Awards". Georgia Film Critics Association. January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Respers, Lisa (December 11, 2017). "Golden Globe nominations 2018: The list". CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 22, 2018). "MPSE Golden Reel Awards: 'Baby Driver,' 'Dunkirk' Among Sound Editors' Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Variety Staff (January 11, 2018). "Sufjan Stevens, 'Greatest Showman,' 'Girls' Among Guild of Music Supervisors Awards Nominees". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Truly Moving Picture Award". Heartland Film. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 5, 2018). "Makeup Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Awards: 'Darkest Hour,' 'Wonder' Lead Feature Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (March 15, 2018). "'Black Panther,' 'Walking Dead' Rule Saturn Awards Nominations". Variety. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
External links[edit]
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The Greatest Showman at History vs. Hollywood
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River Tees
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Tees" redirects here. For the item of sports equipment, see Tee. For other uses, see Tee (disambiguation).
River Tees
River
High Force on the River Tees
Country
England
Region
Durham, Yorkshire
Tributaries
- left Harwood Beck, Hudeshope Beck,
Eggleston Burn, Skerne, Billingham Beck
- right Maize Beck, Lune, Balder, Greta, Leven
Source
- location Cross Fell
- elevation 754 m (2,474 ft)
- coordinates 54°42′02″N 2°28′02″W / 54.7006°N 2.4673°W / 54.7006; -2.4673
Mouth
North Sea
- location between Hartlepool and Redcar
- elevation 0 m (0 ft)
- coordinates 54°38′54″N 1°08′51″W / 54.6483°N 1.1474°W / 54.6483; -1.1474Coordinates: 54°38′54″N 1°08′51″W / 54.6483°N 1.1474°W / 54.6483; -1.1474
Length
137 km (85 mi)
Basin
1,834 km2 (708 sq mi)
The River Tees (/tiːz/) is in northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar near Middlesbrough.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 Water levels
3 Seal Sands
4 Alterations
5 Industrialisation of the River Tees
6 Legends and folklore
7 In popular culture
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Geography[edit]
The river drains 710 square miles (1,800 km2) and has a number of tributaries including the River Greta, River Lune, River Balder, River Leven and River Skerne.[2] Before the reorganisation of the historic English counties, the river formed the boundary between County Durham and Yorkshire. In its lower reaches it now forms the boundary between the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire, while in the highest part of its course it forms the boundary between the historic counties of Westmorland and Durham. The head of the valley, whose upper portion is known as Teesdale, has a desolate grandeur, surrounded by moorland and hills, some exceeding 2,500 feet (760 m). This area is part of the North Pennine Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[3]
The source of the river at Teeshead just below Cross Fell lies at an elevation of approximately 2,401 feet (732 m). It flows east-north-east through an area of shake holes through Carboniferous Limestone. Below Viewing Hill, it turns south to the Cow Green Reservoir constructed to store water to be released in dry conditions to satisfy the industrial need for water on Teesside.[3][4]
Emerging from the reservoir at Cauldron Snout the river traverses a series of hard black basalt and dolerite rocks that intrude through the softer limestone,[5] in a succession of falls or rapids. From this point downstream the Tees forms the boundary between the traditional counties of Durham and Yorkshire almost without a break, although since 1974 much of it lies wholly in Durham. The dale widens below Cauldron Snout, and trees appear, contrasting with the broken rocks where the water descends over High Force. After a short turn northwards, the river continues to meander south-easterly. Close to where the B6277 road begins to run parallel to the river is the 98-foot (30 m) High Force waterfall. About 1 1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) downstream is the smaller Low Force waterfall.[3]
The confluence of the River Greta and the River Tees
The scenery becomes gentler and more picturesque as the river descends past Middleton-in-Teesdale (Durham). This locality has lead and ironstone resources. Just to the east of Middleton-in-Teesdale, the River Lune joins the Tees. After passing the village of Romaldkirk to the west, the river is joined by the River Balder at Cotherstone. The ancient town of Barnard Castle, Egglestone Abbey, and Rokeby Park, well known through Sir Walter Scott's poem, are all passed. At Rokeby the Tees is joined by the River Greta. From the area near Eggleston, the river is crossing over millstone grit.[6] From here the valley begins to open out, and traverses the rich plain east and south of Darlington in large meandering curves.[3]
The course of the valley down to here has been generally east-south-east, but it now turns north-east near the village of Whorlton. Passing Ovington and Winston it runs parallel to the A67 south-east past Gainford and Piercebridge to Darlington, passing under the A1 and A66. The section from Piercebridge to Hurworth flows over magnesian limestone.[6] It is at Croft-on-Tees that the River Skerne joins the Tees. The river now flows south past Croft-on-Tees before swinging northwards past Hurworth-on-Tees. A series of large meanders takes the course past Neasham, Low Dinsdale and Sockburn to Middleton St George.[3] In the lower reaches of the river valley the water flows over bunter sandstone and pebble beds.[6]
Just past Yarm, the River Leven joins the Tees, before passing the settlements of Eaglescliffe, Ingleby Barwick and Thornaby-on-Tees. Now nearing the sea, the Tees becomes an important commercial waterway, with the ports of Stockton-on-Tees and Middlesbrough on its banks. It passes through the Tees Barrage between these ports, turning tidal downstream from the barrage.[3]
Teesport is built on reclaimed land on the south side of the Tees estuary below Middlesbrough.
Water levels[edit]
Monitoring station[7]
Station elevation
Low water level
High water level
Record high level
Middleton-on-Tees 216 m (709 ft) 0.37 m (1.2 ft) 1.5 m (4.9 ft) 3.19 m (10.5 ft)
Barnard Castle (Startforth) 141 m (463 ft) 0.46 m (1.5 ft) 1.4 m (4.6 ft) 2.68 m (8.8 ft)
Broken Scar (Darlington) 41 m (135 ft) 0.54 m (1.8 ft) 1.7 m (5.6 ft) 3.28 m (10.8 ft)
Low Moor (Low Dinsdale) 18 m (59 ft) 0.31 m (1.0 ft) 4 m (13 ft) 6.32 m (20.7 ft)
Yarm 7 m (23 ft) 0.45 m (1.5 ft) 2.05 m (6.7 ft) 4.08 m (13.4 ft)
Low and high water levels are an average figure.
Seal Sands[edit]
Before the heavy industrialisation of the Tees, the flats at Seal Sands in the estuary were home to common seals. For around 100 years this species was absent from the estuary but have now returned and can be seen on the flats at Seal Sands.[8] The Seal Sands area is now designated as the Teesmouth National Nature Reserve.
Alterations[edit]
The River Tees (Portrack Cut) passing through the Green-Blue Heart of the Tees Corridor between Middlesbrough and Stockton District.
In the early nineteenth century the river was straightened, saving time and money in navigation. Between Stockton-on-Tees and Middlesbrough, the river previously meandered first south and then north of its current channel. Two "cuts", known as the Mandale Cut and the Portrack Cut, were made to straighten its course. Before these cuts were made, the journey by sailing barge from Thornaby to Middlesbrough, allowing for tides and other factors, could take as long as the journey from the mouth of the Tees to London.[citation needed] The Mandale Cut was the shorter of the two, at about 220 yards (200 m), with the Portrack Cut being considerably longer, although the northern meander it removed was smaller than the southern meander. Neither meander is visible today, except for the flow of Stainsby Beck into a waterway which is marked on maps first as "The Fleet" and then "Old River Tees". The current Tees Barrage is close to the site of the Mandale Cut.[9]
Since the cuts were made, the river has continued to undergo alterations to its bed and banks to make it deeper and more navigable. The channel has been made considerably narrower by dumping ship's ballast and ironworks slag along the former banks, increasing the scouring due to its natural flow. Maps made prior to 1900[10] show that between Stockton and Middlesbrough the river flowed in a channel up to 330 yards (300 m) wide in places, with many shoals and sandbars. The modern channel varies between about 110 yards (100 m) and 220 yards (200 m).
Industrialisation of the River Tees[edit]
The River Tees has been used for transporting industrial goods since the Industrial Revolution, particularly for the shipment of coal from the Durham Coalfields and also for the steel industries that later developed around Middlesbrough. In the early years merchant ships left the River Tees after loading in Yarm and Stockton on Tees; but as merchant ships became bigger, these smaller docks were superseded by bigger and deeper docks in Middlesbrough, and later even further downstream at Teesport close to the mouth of the River Tees. In the 20th century the river also became important to the developing chemical industry, contributing particularly to the development of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI).
The move to loading coal on bigger ships in Middlesbrough was the economic driver for the development not only of the town of Middlesbrough itself but also of the railway between Stockton and Darlington. This is where George Stephenson developed his railway engine "Locomotion" and this railway was the first steam railway to carry passengers, as well as industrial materials. The Stockton and Darlington Railway was founded after an initial shareholders' meeting in a room in a public house in Yarm on Tees.
Today Teesport is owned by PD Ports; it is located 5.6 miles (9.0 km) from the North Sea and 3.1 miles (5.0 km) east of Middlesbrough. Teesport is currently the third largest port in the United Kingdom, and among the ten biggest in Western Europe, handling over 56 million tonnes of domestic and international cargo per year. The vast majority of these products are still related to the steel and chemical industries made by companies that are members of the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC). The areas where large scale commodity chemical industry continues to be based are Billingham and Seal Sands, both on the north bank of the River Tees, and Wilton on the south bank. The Teesside Steelworks at Redcar operated until closure in 2015.
Other industrial companies that use the River Tees are manufacturing and servicing the North Sea oil and gas industry as well as the renewable energy industry sector, including offshore wind turbines. The south bank of the mouth of the River Tees has the 62-megawatt Teesside Offshore Wind Farm, built 2011–13.
Near the mouth of the River Tees is the large dry dock facility of ABLE UK, named TERRC (Teesside Environmental Reclamation and Recycling Centre), used to dismantle or oil rigs and other large vessels. Hartlepool Nuclear Power Station is adjacent to the east.
Legends and folklore[edit]
Peg Powler is a hag in English folklore who is said to inhabit the River Tees.[11][12][13]
In popular culture[edit]
The River Tees was featured in the television series Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of the North, and in the post-apocalyptic drama The Last Train having blown its banks.
See also[edit]
List of crossings of the River Tees
List of settlements on the River Tees
List of tributaries of the River Tees
Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster
Rivers of the United Kingdom
Stockton & Darlington Railway
Tees Valley
Teesdale
Teesdale Way
Teesside
Notes[edit]
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Jump up ^ "BBC Where I Live" - BBC. Retrieved 2 March 2007.
Jump up ^ Environment Agency Tees Salmon Action Plan Map Page 4
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ordnance Survey Open Viewer
Jump up ^ Tees at Barnard Castle in Dales Area - Artificial influences
Jump up ^ "Upper Teesdale Geology". Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Tees Valley Geology". Retrieved 16 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "River levels". Retrieved 14 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Natures World" Natures World Tees Feature
Jump up ^ "Tees Navigation Company". Retrieved 14 December 2012.
Jump up ^ The History of the River Tees in Maps, 3rd. Ed. (2001), D.W. Pattenden, published by Cleveland and Teesside Local History Society ISBN 0-9507199-6-X
Jump up ^ O'Donnell, Elliot (2003). Ghosts, Helpful and Harmful (1924). Kessinger Publishing. p. 199. ISBN 9780766179080. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Longstaffe, William Hylton Dyer (1854). The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Darlington, in the Bishoprick. Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Roalfe Cox, Marian (2003). Introduction to Folklore (1904). Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9780766149403. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
References[edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tees". Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 499.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to River Tees.
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