text:
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
Concept art released in August 2015
Disneyland
Status
Under construction
Opening date
2019[1]
Replaced
Big Thunder Ranch
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Status
Under construction
Opening date
2019[1]
Replaced
Streets of America
General Statistics
Theme
Star Wars
Area
14 acres (5.7 ha)
Attractions
Attractions
2 total
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge is an upcoming Star Wars-themed area being developed at Disneyland Park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California and Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida.[2] The Star Wars-themed area, or "land," at each park will encompass 14 acres.[3]
Announced in August 2015,[4] the lands are scheduled to open at both locations in 2019, with the Disneyland version opening first.[5] Walt Disney Imagineering executive Scott Trowbridge is supervising the development of the new land at both parks.[6][7] Disney CEO Bob Iger announced on March 3, 2016, at the Disney shareholders meeting, that construction on both versions of the land would begin in April 2016.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 History
1.2 Design
1.3 Disneyland
1.4 Disney's Hollywood Studios
2 See also
3 References
Background[edit]
History[edit]
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge was first publicly announced by The Walt Disney Company Chairman and CEO Bob Iger at the D23 Expo on August 15, 2015, though it did not have an official name at the time. According to Iger, it will be "occupied by many inhabitants; humanoids, aliens and droids … the attractions, the entertainment, everything we create will be part of our storytelling. Nothing will be out of character or stray from the mythology."[2] Bob Chapek, chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, stated that the land "will introduce you to a Star Wars planet you’ve never seen before — a gateway planet located on the outer rim, full of places and characters familiar and not so familiar."[3]
In an interview for the winter 2015 issue of the official Disney fan club publication Disney twenty-three, Trowbridge stated: "[O]ur intent is to make it feel as if you just walked into one of the movies... Bringing Star Wars to life in the physical world gives us the opportunity to play with a whole bunch of things we've never done before... to really engage all of the senses. What does that street feel like? What does that animal smell like? What does blue milk taste like?"[7]
Iger announced in March 2016 that construction on both versions of the land would begin in April 2016.[8] Construction began at both locations on April 14, 2016.[9] In February 2017, Iger stated that the lands are scheduled to open in 2019 at both Disneyland and Hollywood Studios.[1]
In July 2017 at the D23 Expo, Chapek revealed that the themed lands would be called Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. Chapek also announced that Disneyland's version will open first.[5]
In November 2017, Trowbridge announced that the planet in the land is called Batuu.[10]
Design[edit]
Walt Disney Imagineering designed the project in collaboration with the Lucasfilm Story Group, with Imagineer Scott Trowbridge supervising the project, Asa Kalama and Chris Beatty serving as executive creative directors, and Lucasfilm's Pablo Hidalgo and designer Doug Chiang of Industrial Light & Magic involved as consultants.[11] Together, the team decided to set the lands on a new planet, located within the Outer Rim of the Unknown Regions.[12] Described as a "remote frontier outpost", the planet Batuu has not previously appeared in other media, although it has existed within canon "for thousands and thousands of years."[13][12][10] The team chose to create a newly designed world instead of using an existing planet from the films such as Tatooine or Hoth, because those locations evoked a pre-existing familiarity with guests, with Trowbridge explaining, "We wanted to build new Star Wars stories, new Star Wars destinations, but this time you could be in that story that required us to go to a new place."
This used to be a vibrant trading port back in the old sub-lightspeed days, but now with advent of hyperspace, its prominence has kind of fallen and faded a little bit which has made it a great spot for those who didn't want to be on that kind of mainstream path. The smugglers, the bounty hunters, the rogue adventurers looking to crew up, the people who don't want to be found — basically all the interesting people.
—  Supervising Imagineer Scott Trowbridge describing the featured planet[12]
The development team drew inspiration from real-world locations, including as Istanbul and Morocco, and traveled there to study the architecture, culture, and weather.[14] The team also cited Ralph McQuarrie's concept art for the original Star Wars trilogy as a basis for the aesthetic look of the land.[14] The timeline is set after the events of Return of the Jedi, in the years leading up to the sequel trilogy, and will depict the rising presence of both the First Order and the Resistance.[11][13] The Star Wars-themed land will have two new attractions: one will allow riders to control the Millennium Falcon, and the other will place guests into the middle of a battle between the First Order and the Resistance.[15][16] Concept art depicts a full-size Millennium Falcon situated among alien buildings built into tall cliffs.[15] The new planet is designed for guests to begin their own narrative. The Millennium Falcon attraction will feature a "customized secret mission".[17]
There will also be a version of a cantina.[18] How riders perform on the Millennium Falcon will influence how they are treated at the cantina, adding to the immersive experience. According to the Disney Parks Blog, "perform with skill and you may earn extra galactic credits, while bringing the ship back banged up could put you on the list of a bounty hunter. End up on Harkos’s list and you may face a problem if you show up at the local cantina!"
In the marketplace in the Batuu village there will be a toy stall, imagineers are creating one that will be run by a Toydarian - an alien species that was seen on Tatooine in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.[19]
Disneyland[edit]
At Disneyland, Galaxy's Edge is being built to the north of Frontierland, where Big Thunder Ranch and backstage areas were located.[18] As a result of the expansion, Disney purchased nearby properties to relocate the office and warehouse space that was on the land.[20]
On January 11, 2016, several attractions in Frontierland and Critter Country were closed. Big Thunder Ranch closed permanently, including the multifunction event space, barbecue restaurant, and petting zoo. Other attractions closed temporarily, including the Disneyland Railroad and Rivers of America. Tom Sawyer Island reopened on June 16, 2017, and Fantasmic! reopened on July 17, 2017. The Disneyland Railroad, Mark Twain Riverboat, Sailing Ship Columbia, and Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes reopened on July 29.[21][22][23]
The construction of Galaxy's Edge resulted in a reconfigured route for the Disneyland Railroad and Rivers of America. A first look at how these changes would impact the park were revealed in January 2016, when concept art was released depicting the northern bank of the river after construction was completed.[24]
Construction at Disney's Hollywood Studios.
Disney's Hollywood Studios[edit]
At Disney's Hollywood Studios, Galaxy's Edge is replacing the majority of the park's Streets of America, including the Lights, Motors, Action! Extreme Stunt Show and Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: Movie Set Adventure which closed on April 2, 2016, as well as the surrounding backlot facades, restaurants, and shops. Together with the previously closed Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow attraction, Galaxy's Edge will be part of a major expansion of the park that will include Toy Story Land.[3][25][26][27][28] The remaining operating portions of Streets of America (containing Muppet*Vision 3D) were left undisturbed and renamed as Grand Avenue, and Grand Park.[29] The land will be accompanied by the Star Wars Hotel.[5][30][31][32]
See also[edit]
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, a themed land at Universal Parks & Resorts in Osaka, Hollywood, and Orlando
Pandora – The World of Avatar, a themed land at Disney's Animal Kingdom
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Pandora – The World of Avatar to Open May 27, Star Wars Lands Coming in 2019 - The Walt Disney Company". The Walt Disney Company. February 7, 2017. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Prudom, Laura; Zumberg, Marianne (August 15, 2015). "'Star Wars' Themed Lands Coming to Disney Parks, Says Bob Iger". Variety. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pedicini, Sandra (August 15, 2015). "Star Wars land coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios - Orlando Sentinel". OrlandoSentinel.com. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Glover, Erin (August 15, 2015). "Star Wars-Themed Lands Coming to Walt Disney World and Disneyland Resorts". Disney Parks Blog. The Walt Disney Company. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bevil, Dewayne. "Coming to Disney World: Tron, Guardians of the Galaxy ride, 'Star Wars' hotel". OrlandoSentinel.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Martens, Todd (November 13, 2015). "Tomorrowland at Disneyland revamps with Season of the Force ahead of new 'Star Wars' movie release". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing Company. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Frye, Jim (Winter 2015). "Chewie, We're Home". Disney twenty-three. Burbank: Walt Disney Company. 7 (4): 20–23. ISSN 2162-5492. OCLC 698366817.
^ Jump up to: a b Martin, Hugo (March 3, 2016). "Disneyland to start building its 'Star Wars' land in April". latimes.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Parker, Ryan (April 14, 2016). "Disney Breaks Ground on 'Star Wars' Land in California and Florida". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Trowbridge, Scott (November 17, 2017). "Star Tours Gives Guests First Peek at Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge Planet at Disney Parks". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Kelley, Seth (April 15, 2017). "Everything We Know About the 'Star Wars' Disney Theme Parks". Variety. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tribou, Richard (April 15, 2016). "New Disney Star Wars land details revealed at Star Wars Celebration". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Bishop, Bryan (April 15, 2017). "Watch the creation of Disney's ambitious and immersive Star Wars land". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hartwell, Chris; Couch, Aaron (April 15, 2017). "Star Wars Land: Millennium Falcon Ride Has Surprisingly High Stakes". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b MacDonald, Brady. "8 unanswered questions about Disneyland's Star Wars Land". latimes.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Chuck. "Disney World expansion to add 'Star Wars' land". KNS. Archived from the original on August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Plautz, Jessica. "Get a Sneak Peek at the 'Star Wars' Lands Coming to Disney Parks". Travel and Leisure. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Pimentel, Joseph; Eades, Mark; Larsen, Peter (November 18, 2015). "VIDEO: It's official: 'Star Wars' theme land coming to Disneyland". Orange County Register.
Jump up ^ "All there is to know about Star Wars Land that is coming in 2019 to Disney World and Disneyland". Disney by Age. 2017-12-18. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
Jump up ^ Martin, Hugo (August 4, 2015). "Disney buys Anaheim land, sparking expansion speculation". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bloom, Tracy (January 9, 2016). "Disneyland Closing Several Attractions on Monday Ahead of 'Star Wars' Land Construction". ktla.com. Tribune Broadcasting. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Niles, Robert (July 28, 2016). "Disneyland targets summer 2017 for Rivers of America return". Themeparkinsider.com. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disneyland favorites returning after hiatus amid 'Star Wars'-themed land construction". abc7.com. June 5, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pimentel, Joseph; Eades, Mark (January 15, 2016). "Concept art: How Disneyland's Rivers of America will look after 'Star Wars' land construction is finished". Orange County Register. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Knopp, JeniLynn (August 26, 2016). "VIDEO: Star Wars area construction progressing at Disney's Hollywood Studios". insidethemagic.net. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Paige, Rachel (January 15, 2016). "What's closing at Disney World to make way for "Star Wars" Land". hellogiggles.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bevil, Dewayne (March 24, 2016). "Hollywood Studios attractions on their way out at Disney World". orlandosentinel.com. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedicini, Sandra (January 15, 2016). "Earffel Tower coming down, attractions closing at Disney's Hollywood Studios". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedicini, Sandra (April 29, 2016). "Disney's Hollywood Studios: When a theme park is part construction zone". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kumparak, Greg. "Disney is opening an immersive Star Wars Hotel where each guest gets a storyline". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "Plans Unveiled for Star Wars-Inspired Themed Resort at Walt Disney World". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bishop, Bryan (July 16, 2017). "Disney wants to build a Westworld for Star Wars fans". The Verge. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
[show]
v
t
e
Star Wars
Feature films
Saga
Star Wars
The Empire Strikes Back
Return of the Jedi
The Phantom Menace
Attack of the Clones
Revenge of the Sith
The Force Awakens
The Last Jedi
Anthology
Rogue One
Solo
Other
The Clone Wars
Television series
Droids
Ewoks
Clone Wars
The Clone Wars
cast
episodes
Rebels
characters
episodes
Forces of Destiny
Detours (unaired)
Other
Television films
Holiday Special
Caravan of Courage
The Battle for Endor
Radio dramas
Star Wars
Setting
Characters
Jedi
Sith
Stormtrooper
Clone trooper
Concepts
Architecture
Languages
The Force
Physics
Species
Bantha
Ewok
Hutt
Sarlacc
Tusken Raiders
Wookiee
List of Star Wars creatures
Planets and moons
Alderaan
Bespin
Coruscant
Dagobah
Endor
Hoth
Jakku
Kashyyyk
Naboo
Tatooine
Yavin
Organizations
First Order
Galactic Empire
Galactic Republic
New Republic
Rebel Alliance
Resistance
Technology
Weapons
Blaster
Death Star
Lightsaber
Vehicles
Landspeeder
TIE fighter
X-wing fighter
Star Destroyer
Millennium Falcon
Other
Clone Wars
Galactic Civil War
Mos Eisley
Mos Eisley Cantina
Production
George Lucas
Lucasfilm
Cast
Changes in film re-releases
Han shot first
Filming locations
Music
Opening crawl
Sequel trilogy
Sources and analogues
Outside media
Attractions
A Galactic Spectacular
Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple
Star Tours
The Adventures Continue
Galaxy's Edge
Star Wars Hotel
Star Wars Hyperspace Mountain
Star Wars Launch Bay
Star Wars Weekends
Where Science Meets Imagination
Lego
List of sets
Droid Tales
The Resistance Rises
The Freemaker Adventures
Merchandise
Action figures
Kenner
list
Hasbro
Vintage Collection
Star Wars Transformers
Star Wars Pez
Manga
Force Trainer
Shepperton Design Studios
Trading cards
Vinylmation
Star Wars Rollinz toys
Television specials
The Making of Star Wars
SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back
From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga
Other
Video games
list
Shadows of the Empire
Knights of the Old Republic
The Force Unleashed
The Old Republic
Art
Books
non-fiction
Comics
list
Expanded universe
Characters
Cultural impact
501st Legion
Comparison to Star Trek
Force for Change
Jedi census
Jediism
Rebel Legion
Star Wars Celebration
Star Wars Day
Star Wars: In Concert
Star Wars Insider
Wookieepedia
TheForce.Net
Yoda conditions
Book
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Themed lands of Disney theme parks
A Bug's Land
Animation Courtyard
Africa
Adventureland
American Waterfront
Arabian Coast
Asia
Buena Vista Street
A Bug's Land
Cars Land
Critter Country
DinoLand U.S.A.
Discovery Island
Echo Lake
Fantasyland
Frontierland
Front Lot
Future World
Grizzly Peak
Grand Avenue
Holidayland
Hollywood Land
Hollywood Boulevard
Liberty Square
Lost River Delta
Main Street, U.S.A.
Mediterranean Harbor
Mermaid Lagoon
Mickey's Toontown
Mysterious Island
Mystic Point
New Orleans Square
Oasis
Pandora – The World of Avatar
Paradise Pier
Port Discovery
Production Courtyard
Pixar Place
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
Sunset Boulevard
Tomorrowland
Toon Studio
Toy Story Land
World Showcase
[show]
v
t
e
Disneyland
Current attractions
Former attractions
Main Street, U.S.A.
Disneyland Railroad
Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln
The Disney Gallery
Main Street Cinema
Main Street Vehicles
Main Street windows
Fantasyland
Alice in Wonderland
Casey Jr. Circus Train
Dumbo the Flying Elephant
Fantasyland Theatre
It's a Small World
King Arthur Carrousel
Mad Tea Party
Matterhorn Bobsleds
Mr. Toad's Wild Ride
Peter Pan's Flight
Pinocchio's Daring Journey
Pixie Hollow
Sleeping Beauty Castle
Snow White Grotto
Snow White's Scary Adventures
Storybook Land Canal Boats
Adventureland
Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room
Indiana Jones Adventure
Jungle Cruise
Tarzan's Treehouse
Tomorrowland
Astro Orbitor
Autopia
Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters
Disneyland Monorail
Disneyland Railroad
Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage
Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple
Space Mountain
Space Mountain Ghost Galaxy
Star Tours – The Adventures Continue
Star Wars Launch Bay
Frontierland
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad
Pirate's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island
Frontierland Shootin' Exposition
Golden Horseshoe Saloon
Mark Twain Riverboat
Sailing Ship Columbia
New Orleans Square
Disneyland Railroad
Pirates of the Caribbean
Haunted Mansion
Haunted Mansion Holiday
Critter Country
Splash Mountain
Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
Mickey's Toontown
Chip 'n Dale Treehouse
Donald's Boat
Disneyland Railroad
Gadget's Go Coaster
Goofy's Playhouse
Mickey's House and Meet Mickey
Minnie's House
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin
Future
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
Together Forever – A Pixar Nighttime Spectacular
Pixar Play Parade
Entertainment
The Dapper Dans
Fantasmic!
Main Street Electrical Parade
Halloween Screams
seasonal
Other
Partners
[show]
v
t
e
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Attractions
Echo Lake
50's Prime Time Café
For the First Time in Forever: A Frozen Sing-Along Celebration
Hollywood & Vine
Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular!
Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple
Star Tours – The Adventures Continue
Grand Avenue
Mama Melrose's Ristorante Italiano
Muppet*Vision 3D
Pixar Place
Toy Story Midway Mania!
Animation Courtyard
Disney Junior – Live on Stage!
Star Wars Launch Bay
Voyage of the Little Mermaid
Walt Disney Presents
Sunset Boulevard
Beauty and the Beast – Live on Stage
Fantasmic!
Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith
The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror
Commissary Lane
ABC Commissary
Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant
Entertainment
Fantasmic!
Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular
Future areas and attractions
Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
Toy Story Land
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Galaxy%27s_Edge&oldid=818297425"
Categories:
Under construction amusement attractions
Themed areas in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Disneyland
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Attractions based on Star Wars
Proposed buildings and structures in the United States
Space in amusement parks
2019 architecture
Hidden categories:
California articles missing geocoordinate data
All articles needing coordinates
Florida articles missing geocoordinate data
Use mdy dates from July 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Français
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 January 2018, at 19:34.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

values:
coordinates
metadata coord-missing

value: p

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href class

values: text-align:center;font-size:110%; text-align:center; background-color:lightgray; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;

values:
/wiki/Streets_of_America
mw-redirect
Streets of America

values:
/wiki/Disney_twenty-three
mw-redirect
Disney twenty-three

values:
/wiki/Star_Wars_canon
mw-redirect
Star Wars canon

values: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

values: Edit section: Disney's Hollywood Studios

values: Moteurs... Action! Stunt Show Spectacular

values: The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow (attraction)

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/2162-5492

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/698366817

values:
nofollow
http://disneybyage.com/star-wars-land/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: List of Star Wars films and television series

values: Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

values: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)

values: List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars cast members

values: List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars episodes

values: List of Star Wars air, aquatic, and ground vehicles

values:
/wiki/Galactic_Civil_War_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Galactic Civil War (Star Wars)

values: List of changes in Star Wars re-releases

values: List of Star Wars theme parks attractions

values: Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination

values: Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures

values: Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (series)

values: Star Wars: The Force Unleashed (project)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Animation_Courtyard
mw-redirect
Animation Courtyard

values:
/wiki/Asia_(Disney%27s_Animal_Kingdom)
mw-redirect
Asia (Disney's Animal Kingdom)

values:
/wiki/DinoLand_U.S.A.
mw-redirect
DinoLand U.S.A.

values: Discovery Island (Disney's Animal Kingdom)

values: Grizzly Peak (Disney California Adventure)

values:
/wiki/Pixar_Place
mw-redirect
Pixar Place

values:
/wiki/World_Showcase
mw-redirect
World Showcase

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of Disney Main Street window honors

values: Alice in Wonderland (Disneyland attraction)

values: The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (attraction)

values:
/wiki/Chip_%27n_Dale_Treehouse
mw-redirect
Chip 'n Dale Treehouse

values:
/wiki/Donald%27s_Boat
mw-redirect
Donald's Boat

values:
/wiki/Goofy%27s_Playhouse
mw-redirect
Goofy's Playhouse

values:
/wiki/Minnie%27s_House
mw-redirect
Minnie's House

values: navigation navbox Disneyland padding:3px

values: Template talk:Disney's Hollywood Studios

values: List of Disney's Hollywood Studios attractions

values: Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith

values: Category:Under construction amusement attractions

values: Category:Themed areas in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts

values: Category:Proposed buildings and structures in the United States

values: Category:California articles missing geocoordinate data

values: Category:All articles needing coordinates

values: Category:Florida articles missing geocoordinate data

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Star_Wars:_Galaxy%27s_Edge
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: スター・ウォーズ:ギャラクシーズ・エッジ – Japanese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Star_Wars_Galaxy_s_Edge rootpage-Star_Wars_Galaxy_s_Edge skin-vector action-view


text:
Lemon balm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Balm mint" redirects here. For the balm mint bush, see Prostanthera melissifolia.
Lemon balm
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Melissa
Species: M. officinalis
Binomial name
Melissa officinalis
L.
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis),[1] balm,[2] common balm,[3] or balm mint, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the mint family Lamiaceae and native to south-central Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, Iran, and Central Asia, but now naturalized in the Americas and elsewhere.[4]
It grows to a maximum height of 70–150 cm (28–59 in). The leaves have a mild lemon scent similar to mint. During summer, small white flowers full of nectar appear. It is not to be confused with bee balm (genus Monarda), although the white flowers attract bees, hence the genus Melissa (Greek for "honey bee").
The leaves are used as a herb, in teas, and also as a flavouring. The plant is used to attract bees for honey production. It is grown as an ornamental plant and for its oil (to use in perfumery). The tea of lemon balm, the essential oil, and the extract are used in traditional and alternative medicine, including aromatherapy. The plant has been cultivated at least since the 16th century, but research is still being conducted to establish the safety and effects of lemon balm.
Contents
1 Uses
1.1 Culinary
1.2 Traditional medicine
2 Cultivation
2.1 Cultivars
3 Medical research
4 Chemistry
5 Gallery
6 References
7 External links
Uses[edit]
The plant is used to attract bees to make honey. It is also grown and sold as an ornamental plant. The essential oil is used as a perfume ingredient,[5] but the plant has other culinary and medicinal uses. Lemon balm is used in some toothpastes.[6]
Culinary[edit]
Lemon balm is used as a flavouring[5] in ice cream and herbal teas, both hot and iced, often in combination with other herbs such as spearmint. It is a common addition to peppermint tea, mostly because of its complementing flavor.[citation needed]
Lemon balm is also paired with fruit dishes or candies. Additionally, it can be used in fish dishes and is the main ingredient in lemon balm pesto.[7]:15–16 Its flavour comes from citronellal (24%), geranial (16%), linalyl acetate (12%) and caryophyllene (12%).[citation needed]
It is also one of the ingredients in Spreewald gherkins.[8]
Traditional medicine[edit]
"Melissa" (M. officinalis) essential oil
In traditional Austrian medicine, M. officinalis leaves have been prescribed for internal use—as a tea—or external application—as an essential oil—for the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, liver, and bile.[9] Lemon balm is the main ingredient of Carmelite water, which is still for sale in German pharmacies.[10]
In alternative medicine it is used as a sleep aid and digestive aid.[11]
Lemon balm essential oil is popular in aromatherapy.[12] The essential oil is commonly co-distilled with lemon oil, citronella oil or other oils.
Cultivation[edit]
M. officinalis is native to Europe, central Asia and Iran, but is now naturalized around the world.[7][13]
Lemon balm seeds require light and at least 20 °C (70 °F) to germinate. Lemon balm grows in clumps and spreads vegetatively, as well as by seed. In mild temperate zones, the stems of the plant die off at the start of the winter, but shoot up again in spring. Lemon balm grows vigorously; it should not be planted where it will spread into other plantings.
M. officinalis may be the "honey-leaf" (μελισσόφυλλον) mentioned by Theophrastus.[14] It was in the herbal garden of John Gerard, 1596.[15]
As of 1992 the major producing countries were Hungary, Egypt, Italy for herb, Ireland for essential oil.[16]
Cultivars[edit]
The many cultivars of M. officinalis include:
M. officinalis 'Citronella'
M. officinalis 'Lemonella'
M. officinalis 'Quedlinburger'
M. officinalis 'Lime'
M. officinalis 'Variegata'
M. officinalis 'Aurea'
M. officinalis 'Quedlinburger Niederliegende' is an improved variety bred for high essential oil content
Medical research[edit]
The composition and pharmacology and potential uses of lemon balm have been extensively studied, especially with regard to its traditional uses.[17] Randomized, double-blinded clinical studies in people, however, have been limited and have had few subjects. Those studies cannot be used for generalized conclusions about the safety or efficacy of lemon balm and its components; what doses are safe and effective is especially not clear.[17]
Chemistry[edit]
Lemon balm contains eugenol, tannins, and terpenes.[18] It also contains (+)-citronellal, 1-octen-3-ol, 10-α-cadinol, 3-octanol, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, α-humulene, β-bourbonene, caffeic acid, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cis-3-hexenol, cis-ocimene, citral A, citral B, copaene, δ-cadinene, eugenyl acetate, γ-cadinene, geranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, germacrene D, isogeranial, linalool, luteolin-7-glucoside, methylheptenone, neral, nerol, octyl benzoate, oleanolic acid, pomolic acid ((1R)-hydroxyursolic acid), protocatechuic acid, rhamnazin, rosmarinic acid, stachyose, succinic acid, thymol, trans-ocimene and ursolic acid.[19][20] Lemon balm may contain traces of harmine.[21]
Rosmarinic acid appears to be the most important active component, but the interaction of chemicals within lemon balm, and with chemicals in other herbs with which it has been commonly used in traditional medicines, is poorly understood.[17] Lemon balm leaf contains roughly 36.5 ± 0.8 mg rosmarinic acid per gram.[22]
Gallery[edit]
Sketch of leaves and flowers
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves
Plant
Flowers
Spectral comparison showing nectar guide visible in UV
Lemon balm leaves in the UBC Botanical Garden
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Lemon balm". University of Maryland Medical Center. Apr 5, 2011. Retrieved Oct 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Balm". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ "Melissa officinalis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Kewe World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Jump up to: a b "Taxon: Melissa officinalis L.". USDA: U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Dousti, Mashta; et al. (2012). "Evidence-based Traditional Persian Medicine". In Rastogi, Sanjeev; Chiappelli, Francesco; Ramchandani, Manisha Harish; Singh, Ram Harsh. Evidence-based practice in complementary and alternative medicine : perspectives, protocols, problems, and potential in Ayurveda. Berlin: Springer. p. 88. ISBN 9783642245640. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Herb Society of America. 2007 Lemon Balm: An Herb Society of America Guide Archived 2015-02-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreewald_gherkins[circular reference]
Jump up ^ Vogl, S; Picker, P; Mihaly-Bison, J; Fakhrudin, N; Atanasov, AG; Heiss, EH; Wawrosch, C; Reznicek, G; et al. (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine-An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.
Jump up ^ Hiller, Sabine (September 6, 2010). "FOOD Using lemon balm in the kitchen". The Mayo News. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Monograph: Lemon Balm". Health Canada. 17 March 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Masters, Susanne (22 February 2013). "The benefits of lemon balm". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ United States Department of Agriculture, "PLANTS Profile for Melissa officinalis," http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MEOF2. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, VI.1.4, identified as "M. officinalis" in the index of the Loeb Classical Library edition by Arthur F. Hort, 1916 etc.
Jump up ^ As "Melissa" (Common Blam) in both issues of Gerard's Catalogus, 1596, 1599: Benjamin Daydon Jackson, A catalogue of plants cultivated in the garden of John Gerard, in the years 1596–1599, 1876;
Jump up ^ Axtell, B.L.; Fairman, R.M (1992). "Melissa officinalis". Minor oil crops. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-103128-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Shakeri, Abolfazl; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Javadi, Behjat (2016). "Melissa officinalis L. – A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 188: 204–228. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.010. PMID 27167460.
Jump up ^ Ehrlich, Steven D. (January 2, 2015). "Lemon balm". University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Feature extracts – Melissa officinalis". naturalcompounds.com. 2012. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Leslie (December 17, 2012). "Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)". Tropical Plant Database (rain-tree.com). Leslie Taylor. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Harrington, Natalie (2012). "Harmala Alkaloids as Bee Signaling Chemicals". Journal of Student Research. 1 (1): 23–32.
Jump up ^ Shekarchi, Maryam; Hajimehdipoor, Homa; Saeidnia, Soodabeh; Gohari, Ahmad Reza; Hamedani, Morteza Pirali (2012). "Comparative study of rosmarinic acid content in some plants of Labiatae family". Pharmacognosy Magazine. 8 (29): 37–41. doi:10.4103/0973-1296.93316. PMC 3307200. PMID 22438661.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Melissa officinalis.
Wikiversity has bloom time data for Melissa officinalis on the Bloom Clock
External links[edit]
A Modern Herbal, 1931, by Maud Grieve. ISBN 0-486-22798-7, electronic version: Lemon Balm
University of Maryland Complementary and Alternative Medicine Guide: Lemon Balm. Last reviewed 1/2/2015 by Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD
show
v
t
e
Culinary herbs and spices
show
Herbs
Angelica
Basil
holy
Thai
Bay leaf
Indian bay leaf (tejpat)
Boldo
Borage
Chervil
Chives
garlic / Chinese
Cicely
Coriander leaf / Cilantro
Bolivian
Vietnamese (rau răm)
Culantro
Cress
Curry leaf
Dill
Epazote
Hemp
Hoja santa
Houttuynia cordata (giấp cá)
Hyssop
Jimbu
Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
Kkaennip
Lavender
Lemon balm
Lemon grass
Lemon myrtle
Lemon verbena
Limnophila aromatica (rice-paddy herb)
Lovage
Marjoram
Mint
Mugwort
Mitsuba
Oregano
Parsley
Perilla
Rosemary
Rue
Sage
Savory
Sanshō leaf
Shiso
Sorrel
Tarragon
Thyme
Woodruff
show
Spices
Aonori (ground seaweed)
Ajwain
Allspice
Amchoor (mango powder)
Anise
star
Asafoetida
Camphor
Caraway
Cardamom
black
Cassia
Celery powder
Celery seed
Charoli
Chenpi
Cinnamon
Clove
Coriander seed
Cubeb
Cumin
Nigella sativa
Bunium persicum
Deulkkae
Dill / Dill seed
Fennel
Fenugreek
blue
Fingerroot (krachai)
Galangal
greater
lesser
Garlic
Ginger
Aromatic ginger (kencur)
Golpar
Grains of Paradise
Grains of Selim
Horseradish
Juniper berry
Kokum
Korarima
Dried lime
Liquorice
Litsea cubeba
Mace
Mango-ginger
Mastic
Mahleb
Mustard
black
brown
white
Nigella (kalonji)
Njangsa
Nutmeg
Pomegranate seed (anardana)
Poppy seed
Radhuni
Rose
Saffron
Salt
Sarsaparilla
Sassafras
Sesame
Shiso seeds / berries
Sumac
Tamarind
Tonka bean
Turmeric
Uzazi
Vanilla
Voatsiperifery
Wasabi
Yuzu zest
Zedoary
Zereshk
Zest
Peppers
Alligator
Brazilian
Chili
Capsicum annuum
Cayenne
Jalapeño
New Mexico chile
Paprika
Capsicum chinense
Habanero
Capsicum frutescens
Piri piri
Tabasco
Long
Peruvian
Sichuan (huājiāo)
Japanese pricklyash
Tasmanian
Peppercorn (black / green / white)
show
Mixtures
Adjika
Advieh
Baharat
Beau monde seasoning
Berbere
Bouquet garni
Buknu
Chaat masala
Chaunk
Chili powder
Cinnamon sugar
Crab boil
Curry powder
Doubanjiang
Douchi
Duqqa
Fines herbes
Five-spice powder
Garam masala
Garlic powder
Garlic salt
Gochujang
Harissa
Hawaij
Herbes de Provence
Húng lìu
Idli podi
Jamaican jerk spice
Khmeli suneli
Lemon pepper
Mitmita
Mixed spice
Montreal steak seasoning
Mulling spices
Old Bay Seasoning
Onion powder
Panch phoron
Persillade
Powder-douce
Pumpkin pie spice
Qâlat daqqa
Quatre épices
Ras el hanout
Recado rojo
Sharena sol
Shichimi
Tabil
Tandoori masala
Vadouvan
Yuzukoshō
Za'atar
show
Lists and related topics
Lists of herbs and spices
Culinary
Australian
Bangladeshi
Indian
Pakistani
Related topics
Chinese herbology
Herbal tea
Marination
Spice rub
show
v
t
e
Medicinal herbs and fungi
Herbs
Alfalfa
Aloe vera
Anise
Asthma-plant
Astragalus
Cannabis
medical use
Caraway
Cardamom
Chamomile
Chaparral
Fenugreek
Feverfew
Flaxseed
Ginger
Ginkgo
Ginseng
Goldenseal
Lemon balm
Liquorice
Marigold
Marsh-mallow
Neem
Opium poppy
Oregano
Peppermint
Purple coneflower
Rosemary
Sage
Star anise
Summer savory
Tea tree oil
Thyme
Turmeric
Umckaloabo
Valerian
Verbena
White willow
Yarrow
Za'atar
Fungi
Almond mushroom
Chaga mushroom
Echigoshirayukidake
Lingzhi mushroom
Maitake
Meshima
Morel mushroom
Shiitake
Regional practices
Chinese herbology
Indian herbology
Islamic herbology
Japanese herbology
Korean herbology
Related subjects
Alternative medicine
Doctrine of signatures
Herb garden
Herbal
Herbal tea
Herbalism
Homeopathy
Medicinal plants
List of plants used in herbalism
show
v
t
e
GABA receptor modulators
Ionotropic
GABAA
Agonists: (+)-Catechin
Bamaluzole
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
BL-1020
DAVA
Dihydromuscimol
GABA
Gabamide
GABOB
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Ibotenic acid
iso-THAZ
iso-THIP
Isoguvacine
Isomuscimol
Isonipecotic acid
Kojic amine
Lignans (e.g., honokiol)
Methylglyoxal
Monastrol
Muscimol
Nefiracetam
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone)
Org 20599
PF-6372865
Phenibut
Picamilon
P4S
Progabide
Propofol
Quisqualamine
SL-75102
TACA
TAMP
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol)
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
ZAPA
Positive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list): α-EMTBL
Alcohols (e.g., ethanol)
Anabolic steroids
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)
Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide)
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate)
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid)
Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, hispidulin)
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate)
Kava constituents (e.g., kavain)
Lanthanum
Loreclezole
Monastrol
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone, cholesterol)
Niacin
Nicotinamide (niacinamide)
Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon))
Norfluoxetine
Petrichloral
Phenols (e.g., propofol)
Phenytoin
Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide)
Propanidid
Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate)
Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone)
Retigabine (ezogabine)
ROD-188
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin)
Stiripentol
Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal))
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid)
Volatiles/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraldehyde, sevoflurane)
Antagonists: Bicuculline
Coriamyrtin
Dihydrosecurinine
Gabazine (SR-95531)
Hydrastine
Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
PHP-501
Pitrazepin
Securinine
Sinomenine
SR-42641
SR-95103
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: 1,3M1B
3M2B
11-Ketoprogesterone
17-Phenylandrostenol
α5IA (LS-193,268)
β-CCB
β-CCE
β-CCM
β-CCP
β-EMGBL
Anabolic steroids
Amiloride
Anisatin
β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Basmisanil
Bemegride
Bicyclic phosphates (TBPS, TBPO, IPTBO)
BIDN
Bilobalide
Bupropion
CHEB
Chlorophenylsilatrane
Cicutoxin
Cloflubicyne
Cyclothiazide
DHEA
DHEA-S
Dieldrin
(+)-DMBB
DMCM
DMPC
EBOB
Etbicyphat
FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
Fiproles (e.g., fipronil)
Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone, oroxylin A)
Flumazenil
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
Flurothyl
Furosemide
Iomazenil (123I)
IPTBO
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
L-655,708
Laudanosine
Leptazol
Lindane
MaxiPost
Morphine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
MRK-016
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nicardipine
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide)
Oenanthotoxin
Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
Phenylsilatrane
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin, picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin)
Pregnenolone sulfate
Propybicyphat
PWZ-029
Radequinil
Ro 15-4513
Ro 19-4603
RO4882224
RO4938581
Sarmazenil
SCS
Suritozole
TB-21007
TBOB
TBPS
TCS-1105
Terbequinil
TETS
Thujone
U-93631
Zinc
ZK-93426
GABAA-ρ
Agonists: BL-1020
CACA
CAMP
Homohypotaurine
GABA
GABOB
Ibotenic acid
Isoguvacine
Muscimol
N4-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
Picamilon
Progabide
TACA
TAMP
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
Positive modulators: Allopregnanolone
Alphaxolone
ATHDOC
Lanthanides
Antagonists: (S)-2-MeGABA
(S)-4-ACPBPA
(S)-4-ACPCA
2-MeTACA
3-APMPA
4-ACPAM
4-GBA
cis-3-ACPBPA
CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
DAVA
Gabazine (SR-95531)
Gaboxadol (THIP)
I4AA
Isonipecotic acid
Loreclezole
P4MPA
P4S
SKF-97541
SR-95318
SR-95813
TPMPA
trans-3-ACPBPA
ZAPA
Negative modulators: 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
Bilobalide
Loreclezole
Picrotoxin (picrotin, picrotoxinin)
Pregnanolone
ROD-188
THDOC
Zinc
Metabotropic
GABAB
Agonists: 1,4-Butanediol
4-Fluorophenibut
Aceburic acid
Arbaclofen
Arbaclofen placarbil
Baclofen
BL-1020
GABA
Gabamide
GABOB
GBL
GHB
GHBAL
GHV
GVL
Isovaline
Lesogaberan
Phenibut
Picamilon
Progabide
Sodium oxybate
SKF-97,541
SL 75102
Tolgabide
Tolibut
Positive modulators: ADX-71441
BHF-177
BHFF
BSPP
CGP-7930
CGP-13501
GS-39783
rac-BHFF
KK-92A
Antagonists: 2-Hydroxysaclofen
CGP-35348
CGP-46381
CGP-52432
CGP-54626
CGP-55845
CGP-64213
DAVA
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Phaclofen
Saclofen
SCH-50911
SKF-97541
Negative modulators: Compound 14
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
GABA metabolism/transport modulators
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q148396
Wikispecies: Melissa officinalis
APDB: 144206
BioLib: 41093
Calflora: 5408
EoL: 582374
EPPO: MLSOF
FoC: 200019809
GBIF: 5341501
GRIN: 24036
iNaturalist: 59901
IPNI: 450084-1
IRMNG: 10200447
ITIS: 32565
NBN: NBNSYS0000004218
NCBI: 39338
NZOR: 5979128d-1f3c-42ad-a9d1-3e5d851fb0ee
PalDat: Melissa_officinalis
Plant List: kew-124103
PLANTS: MEOF2
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:450084-1
Tropicos: 17600147
VASCAN: 6399
VicFlora: dec25a49-07f9-45ee-8409-e1802887cacb
WCSP: 124103
WOI: 384
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_balm&oldid=862131859"
Categories:
Lamiaceae
Herbs
Medicinal plants
Flora of Europe
Flora of Asia
Flora of North Africa
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from May 2018
Articles with 'species' microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013
Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Български
Bosanski
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Íslenska
Italiano
ქართული
Kaszëbsczi
Қазақша
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
مازِرونی
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Олык марий
پښتو
Picard
Piemontèis
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
粵語
Žemaitėška
中文
55 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 October 2018, at 11:20 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

values: text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: class style

values: font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;

values: min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)

values: text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%

values:
/wiki/South-Central_Europe
mw-redirect
South-Central Europe

values:
/wiki/Greek_Language
mw-redirect
Greek Language

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Peppermint_tea
mw-redirect
Peppermint tea

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Temperate_zone
mw-redirect
Temperate zone

values:
/wiki/Herbal_garden
mw-redirect
Herbal garden

values: Caryophyllene oxide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Germacrene_D
mw-redirect
Germacrene D

values:
gallery mw-gallery-traditional
max-width: 815px;_width: 815px;

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values: Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.

values: This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2018)

values: noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jep.2013.06.007

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23770053

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jep.2016.05.010

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167460

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.rain-tree.com/lemonbalm.htm

values: Journal of Student Research (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438661

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Melissa_officinalis
mw-redirect
Melissa officinalis

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
/wiki/Bunium_persicum
mw-redirect
Bunium persicum

values:
/wiki/Glycyrrhiza_glabra
mw-redirect
Glycyrrhiza glabra

values:
/wiki/Jamaican_jerk_spice
mw-redirect
Jamaican jerk spice

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Ionotropic_GABA_receptors
mw-redirect
Ionotropic GABA receptors

values: 5-Aminovaleric acid (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid
mw-redirect
Neuroactive steroid

values: Piperidine-4-sulfonic acid (page does not exist)

values: Trans-4-Aminocrotonic acid (page does not exist)

values: Trans-2-(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (page does not exist)

values: (Z)-3-((Aminoiminomethyl)thio)prop-2-enoic acid (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Template:GABAAR_PAMs
mw-redirect
Template:GABAAR PAMs

values: Α-Ethyl-α-methylthiobutyrolactone (page does not exist)

values: 5-Ethyl-5-(1,3-dimethylbut-1'-enyl)barbituric acid (page does not exist)

values: 5-Ethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2'-enyl)barbituric acid (page does not exist)

values: Butyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)

values: Ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)

values: Methyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)

values: Propyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)

values: Β-Ethyl-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone (page does not exist)

values: 5-(2-Cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid (page does not exist)

values: (+)-5-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid (page does not exist)

values: 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4H-chromene-4-one (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Iomazenil_(123I)
mw-redirect
Iomazenil (123I)

values: Salicylidene salicylhydrazide (page does not exist)

values: T-Butylbicycloorthobenzoate (page does not exist)

values: (S)-4-Amino-2-methylbutanoic acid (page does not exist)

values: (S)-(4-Aminocyclopent-1-enyl)butylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)

values: (S)-4-Aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)

values: Trans-4-Amino-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid (page does not exist)

values: 3-Aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid (page does not exist)

values: 4-Aminocyclopent-1-enecarboxamide (page does not exist)

values: 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid (page does not exist)

values: Cis-(3-Aminocyclopentyl)butylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)

values: Imidazole-4-acetic acid (page does not exist)

values: 4-(Piperidin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)

values: Trans-(3-Aminocyclopentyl)butylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)

values: GABAB row navbox-group width:5em;text-align:center;

values: Template:GABAA receptor positive modulators

values: Template:GABA metabolism and transport modulators

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
Taxon_identifiers
row
navbox-group
width:1%;text-align: left;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id41093

values:
nofollow
external text
http://eol.org/pages/582374/overview

values:
nofollow
external text
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MLSOF

values: Global Biodiversity Information Facility

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gbif.org/species/5341501

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/59901

values: National Center for Biotechnology Information

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17600147

values: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from May 2018

values: Category:Articles with 'species' microformats

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Lemon_balm
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: ترنجان مخزني – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: درمان لیمون اوْتو – South Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: Мелисса – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Меліса лекавая – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Маточина – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa
Melissa – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balm
Balm – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Μελισσόχορτο – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garraiska
Garraiska – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: فرنجمشک – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melisa
Melisa – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ბარამბო – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-csb
display: none;

values: Дәрілік жаужапырақ – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piment
Piment – Norman
nrf
nrf
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm
display: none;

values: Мӱкшпеледыш – Eastern Mari

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr
display: none;

values: کرپوله – Pashto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ps
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Мелисса лекарственная – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Матичњак – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: สะระแหน่ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Меліса лікарська – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Lemon_balm rootpage-Lemon_balm skin-vector action-view