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Scotland at the FIFA World Cup
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This article is a record of Scotland's results at the FIFA World Cup:
The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II.
The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the World Cup Finals). The qualification phase, which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final.[1]
The Scottish Football Association is the second oldest in the world, having been founded in 1873. Its foundation came the year after the first official international match was played between Scotland and England at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow. Scotland have played at eight FIFA World Cups,[2] including five consecutive tournaments from 1974 to 1990. During the preparations for the 1928 Olympic Football Tournament, FIFA ruled that all its member associations must provide "broken-time" payments to cover the expenses of players from their country who participated. In response to what they considered to be unacceptable interference, the football associations of Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales held a meeting at which they agreed to resign from FIFA.[3] As a result, Scotland did not compete in the three interwar World Cup competitions. The Scottish Football Association did not rejoin FIFA as a permanent member until 1946.[4]
Scotland have never advanced beyond the first round of the finals competition. They have missed out on progressing to the second round three times on goal difference: in 1974, when Brazil edged them out;[5] in 1978, when the Netherlands progressed;[6] and in 1982, when the USSR went through.[7] Although Scotland have played at eight finals tournaments, they have qualified on nine occasions. The Scottish Football Association declined to participate in 1950 as Scotland were not the British champions.[8]
Contents
1 History
1.1 1954
1.2 1958
1.3 1974
1.4 1978
1.5 1982
1.6 1986
1.7 1990
1.8 1998
2 Statistics
2.1 Tournament summary
2.2 Matches played
2.3 Head to head records
2.3.1 Qualifying
2.4 Appearances
2.5 Top goalscorers
3 Squads
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Scotland, like the other Home Nations, did not enter the three FIFA World Cups held during the 1930s. This was because the four associations had been excluded from FIFA due to a disagreement regarding the status of amateur players.[9] The four associations, including Scotland, returned to the FIFA fold after the Second World War.[9] The readmission of the Scottish Football Association to FIFA meant that Scotland were now eligible to enter the 1950 FIFA World Cup. FIFA advised that places would be awarded to the top two teams in the 1949–50 British Home Championship, but the SFA announced that Scotland would attend the finals only if Scotland won the competition.[10] Scotland won their first two matches, but a 1–0 home defeat by England meant that the Scots finished as runners-up.[10] The SFA stood by this proclamation, despite pleas to the contrary by the Scotland players, supported by England captain Billy Wright and the other England players.[10][11] Sportswriter Brian Glanville later described the SFA as showing "baffling insularity and pique" in their refusal to send a team to the World Cup.[10]
1954[edit]
The same qualification rules as in 1950 were in place for the 1954 FIFA World Cup, with the 1953–54 British Home Championship acting as a qualifying group. Scotland again finished second, but this time the SFA allowed a team to participate in the Finals, held in Switzerland. To quote the SFA website, "The preparation was atrocious".[12] The SFA only sent 13 players to the finals, even though FIFA allowed 22-man squads at the tournament.[13][14] Despite this self-imposed hardship in terms of players, the SFA dignitaries travelled in numbers, accompanied with their wives.[13] Scotland lost 1–0 against Austria in their first game in the finals.[14] After falling out with the SFA, probably due to the poor preparation of the team, manager Andy Beattie resigned hours before the game against Uruguay.[10][15][14] Uruguay were reigning champions and had never before lost a game at the World Cup finals. The gulf in class was exposed in horrific fashion as Uruguay won 7–0.[10][12][16][14]
1958[edit]
Scotland qualified for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, finishing ahead of Spain.[10] Matt Busby had been due to manage the team at the World Cup, but the severe injuries he suffered in the Munich air disaster meant that trainer Dawson Walker took charge of the team instead.[10] In their first match at the finals Scotland achieved a creditable draw against Yugoslavia.[10] Players Archie Robertson and Tommy Docherty were sent to watch next opponents Paraguay and they reported back that Paraguay was a "rough, fit and good" team.[10] Walker chose to ignore this advice and left out some of his combative players, including Docherty, and Scotland lost 3–2.[10] They exited the competition after also losing to France.[10]
1974[edit]
Billy Bremner (right) playing for Scotland at the Westfalenstadion in the 1974 FIFA World Cup
Scotland failed to qualify for another World Cup in the next 16 years.[10] A "skilful but fragile" team lost a play-off to Czechoslovakia in qualification for 1962.[10] A team managed by Jock Stein, but deprived of many of its best players due to club commitments, lost a decisive qualifier against Italy in Naples for the 1966 tournament.[10] A narrow defeat by West Germany in Hamburg then ended hopes of qualifying for 1970.[10]
Willie Ormond was appointed Scotland manager in 1973. Ormond lost his first match in charge 5–0 to England, but recovered to steer Scotland to their first World Cup finals in 16 years in 1974. At the 1974 World Cup finals in West Germany, Scotland achieved their most impressive performance at a World Cup tournament.[17] The team was unbeaten but failed to progress beyond the group stages on goal difference.[10][17] After beating Zaire, they drew with both Brazil and Yugoslavia, and went out because they had beaten Zaire by the smallest margin.[5] This performance has been assessed as a "gallant failure", but the choice to retain possession instead of pressing for more goals against Zaire has been criticised.[10]
1978[edit]
Scotland appointed Ally MacLeod as manager in 1977. Scotland qualified for the 1978 FIFA World Cup with victories over Czechoslovakia and Wales.[18] During the build-up to the tournament, MacLeod fuelled the hopes of the nation by stating that Scotland would come home from Argentina with a medal.[19] As the squad left for the finals, they were given an enthusiastic send off as they were paraded around a packed Hampden Park.[20] Thousands more fans lined the route to Prestwick Airport as the team set off for South America.[19] This enthusiasm was not just generated internally, as respected coaches such as Rinus Michels and Miljan Miljanić rated Scotland amongst the favourites to win the competition.[10][21] The Royal Mail commissioned designs of commemorative stamps that would have been circulated if Scotland had won the World Cup.[22]
Scotland's first game was against Peru in Córdoba. Two spectacular goals by Teófilo Cubillas meant that the result was a 3–1 loss. The second game was a very disappointing 1–1 draw against Iran.[19] Scotland had not even scouted Iran. The disconsolate mood of the nation was reflected by footage of Ally MacLeod in the dugout with his head in his hands.[23] MacLeod had made strange selection choices, picking inexperienced full-backs and retaining the out-of-form Bruce Rioch and Don Masson.[10]
After taking a single point from their opening two games, Scotland had to defeat the Netherlands by three clear goals to progress.[6] Despite the Dutch taking the lead, Scotland fought back to win 3–2 with a goal from Kenny Dalglish and two from Archie Gemmill, the second of which is considered one of the greatest World Cup goals ever;[19] Gemmill beat three Dutch defenders before lifting the ball over goalkeeper Jan Jongbloed into the net.[19][24] The victory was not sufficient to secure a place in the second round, however, as Scotland were eliminated on goal difference for the second successive World Cup.[6] This performance against strong opponents only heightened the frustration at the poor results earlier in the competition.[10] MacLeod initially retained his position, but resigned later that year.[10]
1982[edit]
Jock Stein, who had won nine consecutive Scottish league titles and the European Cup as manager of Celtic, was appointed Scotland manager in 1978.[25] After failing to qualify for the 1980 European Championship,[18] Scotland qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup from a tough group including Sweden, Portugal, Israel and Northern Ireland, losing just one match in the process.[26] They were then drawn in a "Group of death" with New Zealand, Brazil and the Soviet Union.[10] Scotland beat New Zealand by 5–2 in their first game, but then lost 4–1 to a Brazil team containing Socrates, Zico, Eder and Falcão.[7] Scotland were again eliminated on goal difference, after a 2–2 draw with the Soviet Union. This match is best remembered for defenders Alan Hansen and Willie Miller colliding while chasing a long ball, which allowed the Soviets to run through and score.[10]
1986[edit]
Scotland qualified for the 1986 FIFA World Cup, their fourth in succession, in traumatic circumstances. The squad went into their last qualification match against Wales needing a point to progress to a qualifying playoff against Australia. With only nine minutes remaining and Wales leading 1–0, Scotland were awarded a penalty kick, which was calmly scored by Davie Cooper.[27] The 1–1 draw meant that Scotland progressed, but as the players and fans celebrated, national coach Jock Stein suffered a heart attack and died shortly afterwards.[27] His assistant Alex Ferguson took over.[25] Scotland qualified by winning 2–0 against Australia in a two-leg playoff, but were again drawn into a group of death, this time with Uruguay, Denmark and West Germany.[10][28] Scotland were eliminated from the tournament with just one point from their three matches, a goalless draw with Uruguay.[29]
1990[edit]
Scotland qualified for their fifth consecutive World Cup in 1990 by finishing second in their qualifying group, ahead of France.[30] Scotland were drawn in a group with Costa Rica, Sweden, and Brazil, but the Scots lost 1–0 to Costa Rica.[31] While they recovered to beat Sweden 2–1 in their second game, they lost to Brazil in their third match 1–0 and were once again eliminated after the first round.[31] Goalkeeper Jim Leighton fumbled a shot that allowed Brazil to score the only goal.[10]
1998[edit]
Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup.[32] John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux,[2] but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat.[33] Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.
Statistics[edit]
Tournament summary[edit]
Year
Final Tournament
Qualification
Round
Pld
W
D
L
F
A
Round
Pld
W
D
L
F
A
1930 Did not enter[4]
1934
1938
1950 Withdrew[8] Group – 2nd 3 2 0 1 10 3
1954 Round 1 2 0 0 2 0 8 Group – 2nd 3 1 1 1 8 8
1958 Round 1 3 0 1 2 4 6 Group – 1st 4 3 0 1 10 9
1962 Did not qualify Group – 2nd 5 3 0 2 12 11
1966 Group – 2nd 6 3 1 2 8 8
1970 Group – 2nd 6 3 1 2 18 7
1974 Round 1 3 1 2 0 3 1 Group – 1st 4 3 0 1 8 3
1978 Round 1 3 1 1 1 5 6 Group – 1st 4 3 0 1 6 3
1982 Round 1 3 1 1 1 8 8 Group – 1st 8 4 3 1 9 4
1986 Round 1 3 0 1 2 1 3 Play-off 8 4 2 2 10 4
1990 Round 1 3 1 0 2 2 3 Group – 2nd 8 4 2 2 12 12
1994 Did not qualify Group – 4th 10 4 3 3 14 13
1998 Round 1 3 0 1 2 2 6 Group – 2nd 10 7 2 1 15 3
2002 Did not qualify Group – 3rd 8 4 3 1 12 6
2006 Group – 3rd 10 3 4 3 9 7
2010 Group – 3rd 8 3 1 4 6 11
2014 Group – 4th 10 3 2 5 8 12
2018 Group – 3rd 10 5 3 2 17 12
2022 TBD
Total
8/21
23
4
7
12
25
41
125
62
28
35
192
136
Matches played[edit]
World Cup
(manager)
Round
Opponent
Score
Result
Venue
Scotland scorers
1954
(Beattie) Group stage Austria 0–1 L Zürich &
—
Uruguay 0–7 L Basel &
—
1958
(Walker) Group stage Yugoslavia 1–1 D Västerås Murray
Paraguay 2–3 L Norrköping Mudie, Collins
France 1–2 L Örebro Baird
1974
(Ormond) Group stage Zaire 2–0 W Dortmund Lorimer, Jordan
Brazil 0–0 D Frankfurt &
—
Yugoslavia 1–1 D Frankfurt Jordan
1978
(MacLeod) Group stage Peru 1–3 L Córdoba Jordan
Iran 1–1 D Córdoba Eskandarian (o.g.)
Netherlands 3–2 W Mendoza Dalglish, Gemmill (2)
1982
(Stein) Group stage New Zealand 5–2 W Málaga Dalglish, Wark (2), Robertson, Archibald
Brazil 1–4 L Seville Narey
Soviet Union 2–2 D Málaga Jordan, Souness
1986
(Ferguson) Group stage Denmark 0–1 L Nezahualcóyotl &
—
West Germany 1–2 L Querétaro Strachan
Uruguay 0–0 D Nezahualcóyotl &
—
1990
(Roxburgh) Group stage Costa Rica 0–1 L Genoa &
—
Sweden 2–1 W Genoa McCall, Johnston
Brazil 0–1 L Turin &
—
1998
(Brown) Group stage Brazil 1–2 L Saint-Denis Collins
Norway 1–1 D Bordeaux Burley
Morocco 0–3 L Saint-Étienne &
—
Head to head records[edit]
Final tournament head-to-head
Opponent
P
W
D
L
GF
GA
%W
%D
%L
Austria 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 100
Brazil 4 0 1 3 2 7 0 25 75
Costa Rica 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 100
Denmark 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 100
France 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 100
Iran 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 100 0
Morocco 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 100
Netherlands 1 1 0 0 3 2 100 0 0
New Zealand 1 1 0 0 5 2 100 0 0
Norway 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 100 0
Paraguay 1 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 100
Peru 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 100
Soviet Union 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 100 0
Sweden 1 1 0 0 2 1 100 0 0
Uruguay 2 0 1 1 0 7 0 50 50
West Germany 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 100
Yugoslavia 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 100 0
Zaire 1 1 0 0 2 0 100 0 0
Qualifying[edit]
Qualifying head-to-head show
Opponent
P
W
D
L
GF
GA
%W
%D
%L
Australia 2 1 1 0 2 0 50 50 0
Austria 4 2 1 1 4 3 50 25 25
Belarus 4 2 1 1 5 2 50 25 25
Belgium 4 0 1 3 2 8 0 25 75
Croatia 4 2 2 0 4 1 50 50 0
Cyprus 4 4 0 0 18 3 100 0 0
Czechoslovakia 7 3 0 4 10 15 42.86 0 57.14
Denmark 2 2 0 0 6 1 100 0 0
England 4 0 1 3 4 10 0 25 75
Estonia 4 3 1 0 8 1 75 25 0
Finland 2 2 0 0 5 2 100 0 0
France 2 1 0 1 2 3 50 0 50
Iceland 4 4 0 0 8 2 100 0 0
Ireland 1 1 0 0 8 2 100 0 0
Israel 2 2 0 0 4 1 100 0 0
Italy 6 1 2 3 3 9 16.67 33.33 50
Latvia 4 4 0 0 7 1 100 0 0
Lithuania 2 1 1 0 4 1 50 50 0
Macedonia 4 1 2 1 5 3 25 50 25
Malta 4 4 0 0 12 1 100 0 0
Moldova 2 1 1 0 3 1 50 50 0
Netherlands 2 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 100
Northern Ireland 3 1 2 0 4 2 33.33 66.67 0
Norway 6 1 2 3 4 9 16.67 33.33 50
Poland 2 0 1 1 2 3 0 50 50
Portugal 4 0 2 2 1 7 0 50 50
Republic of Ireland 2 2 0 0 7 1 100 0 0
San Marino 2 2 0 0 6 0 100 0 0
Serbia 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 50 50
Slovakia 2 1 0 1 1 3 50 0 50
Slovenia 4 2 2 0 6 2 50 50 0
Spain 4 2 0 2 8 8 50 0 50
Sweden 4 3 0 1 5 2 75 0 25
Switzerland 4 2 1 1 7 7 50 25 25
Wales 8 3 2 3 4 1 37.5 25 37.5
West Germany 2 0 1 1 3 4 0 50 50
Yugoslavia 2 0 1 1 2 4 0 50 50
Appearances[edit]
No.
Name
Matches
World Cups
1 Jim Leighton 9 1986, 1990 and 1998
2 Kenny Dalglish 8 1974, 1978 and 1982
3 Joe Jordan 7 1974, 1978 and 1982
4 Alan Rough 6 1978 and 1982
Graeme Souness 6 1978, 1982 and 1986
Gordon Strachan 6 1982 and 1986
Roy Aitken 6 1986 and 1990
8 Martin Buchan 5 1974 and 1978
Danny McGrain 5 1974 and 1982
Willie Miller 5 1982 and 1986
David Narey 5 1982 and 1986
Alex McLeish 5 1982, 1986 and 1990
Maurice Malpas 5 1986 and 1990
Top goalscorers[edit]
No.
Name
Goals
World Cups
1 Joe Jordan 4 1974 (2), 1978 (1) and 1982 (1)
2 Archie Gemmill 2 1978
Kenny Dalglish 2 1978 and 1982
John Wark 2 1982
5 Thirteen players 1
Squads[edit]
show
Scotland squads at FIFA World Cup finals
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Scotland squad – 1954 FIFA World Cup
1 Martin
2 Cunningham (c)
3 Aird
4 Evans
5 Docherty
6 Davidson
7 Cowie
8 McKenzie
9 Hamilton
10 Brown
11 Mochan
12 Fernie
13 Ormond
14 Anderson
15 Johnstone
16 Henderson
17 Mathers
18 Wilson
19 Binning
20 Combe
21 Copland
22 McMillan
Coach: Beattie
show
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Scotland squad – 1958 FIFA World Cup
1 Younger (c)
2 Docherty
3 Parker
4 Caldow
5 Hewie
6 Haddock
7 McColl
8 Turnbull
9 Evans
10 Cowie
11 Mackay
12 Brown
13 Baird
14 Leggat
15 Scott
16 Murray
17 Mudie
18 Coyle
19 Collins
20 Robertson
21 Imlach
22 Fernie
Coach: Walker
show
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Scotland squad – 1974 FIFA World Cup
1 Harvey
2 Jardine
3 McGrain
4 Bremner (c)
5 Holton
6 Blackley
7 Johnstone
8 Dalglish
9 Jordan
10 Hay
11 Lorimer
12 Allan
13 Stewart
14 Buchan
15 Cormack
16 Donachie
17 Ford
18 Hutchison
19 Law
20 Morgan
21 McQueen
22 Schaedler
Coach: Ormond
show
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Scotland squad – 1978 FIFA World Cup
1 Rough
2 Jardine
3 Donachie
4 Buchan
5 McQueen
6 Rioch (c)
7 Masson
8 Dalglish
9 Jordan
10 Hartford
11 Johnston
12 Blyth
13 Kennedy
14 Forsyth
15 Gemmill
16 Macari
17 Johnstone
18 Souness
19 Robertson
20 Clark
21 Harper
22 Burns
Coach: MacLeod
show
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Scotland squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup
1 Rough
2 McGrain
3 Gray
4 Souness (c)
5 Hansen
6 Miller
7 Strachan
8 Dalglish
9 Brazil
10 Wark
11 Robertson
12 Wood
13 McLeish
14 Narey
15 Jordan
16 Hartford
17 Evans
18 Archibald
19 Sturrock
20 Provan
21 Burley
22 Leighton
Coach: Stein
show
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Scotland squad – 1986 FIFA World Cup
1 Leighton
2 Gough
3 Malpas
4 Souness (c)
5 McLeish
6 Miller
7 Strachan
8 Aitken
9 Bannon
10 Bett
11 McStay
12 Goram
13 Nicol
14 Narey
15 Albiston
16 McAvennie
17 Archibald
18 Sharp
19 Nicholas
20 Sturrock
21 Cooper
22 Rough
Coach: Ferguson
show
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Scotland squad – 1990 FIFA World Cup
1 Leighton
2 McLeish
3 Aitken (c)
4 Gough
5 McStay
6 Malpas
7 Johnston
8 Bett
9 McCoist
10 MacLeod
11 Gillespie
12 Goram
13 Durie
14 McInally
15 Levein
16 McCall
17 McKimmie
18 Collins
19 McPherson
20 McAllister
21 Fleck
22 Gunn
Coach: Roxburgh
show
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Scotland squad – 1998 FIFA World Cup
1 Leighton
2 McNamara
3 Boyd
4 Calderwood
5 Hendry (c)
6 T. McKinlay
7 Gallacher
8 Burley
9 Durie
10 Jackson
11 Collins
12 Sullivan
13 Donnelly
14 Lambert
15 Gemmill
16 Weir
17 W. McKinlay
18 Elliott
19 Whyte
20 Booth
21 Gould
22 Dailly
Coach: Brown
See also[edit]
Scotland at the UEFA European Football Championship
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 2006 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage (PDF), FIFA.com. Retrieved on June 6, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "Burley move pays off for Scotland". CNN. 1998-09-28. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
Jump up ^ "British Society of Sports History". FIFA. 1999-08-19. Archived from the original on 2005-09-04. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
^ Jump up to: a b "Between the Wars". Scottish Football Association. Archived from the original on 16 March 2005. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup 1974 finals". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c "World Cup 1978 finals". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup 1982 finals". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup 1950 Qualifying". RSSSF. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "The four British associations return to FIFA after the Second World War: 25th FIFA Congress in Luxembourg in 1946". FIFA. Archived from the original on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Freddi, Cris (June 1998). "Law of averages". When Saturday Comes. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
Jump up ^ BBC – A Sporting Nation – Scotland and the 1950 World Cup
^ Jump up to: a b Scottish Football Association: The Scottish FA: Football in Scotland
^ Jump up to: a b Murphy, Alex (4 June 2007). "Docherty: spirit is Scotland's secret weapon". The Times. News International.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Currie, David (19 June 2014). "Scotland's 7-0 loss to Uruguay remembered 60 years on". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Andrew Ward, "Scotland: The Team" (The Breedon Book Publishing Company Limited, Derby, 1987), page 60.
Jump up ^ "World Cup 1954 finals". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Hepburn, Ray (21 March 2010). "Why the Scotland 1974 World Cup side gets my vote as best ever". Sunday Mirror. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scotland – International Matches 1976–1980". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "1978 World Cup". BBC Scotland. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
Jump up ^ Aitken, Mike (2 February 2004). "Ally MacLeod, a tragic hero". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
Jump up ^ "World Cup: 25 stunning moments … No6: Scotland's 1978 rollercoaster". Guardian. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Fraser, Graham (28 July 2017). "Scotland's World Cup win stamp makes Postal Museum archive". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Young, Chick (7 February 2004). "Ally McLeod – a national treasure". BBC Scotland. BBC. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "The lion roars – too late". The Scotsman. 19 November 2002. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scotland Manager Records". www.londonhearts.com. London Hearts Supporters' Club. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "Scotland – International Matches 1981–1985". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Craig (11 September 2005). "Stein, a national treasure". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
Jump up ^ Gibbons, Mike (24 June 2014). "The original World Cup Group of Death in Mexico lacked for nothing in 1986". Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "World Cup 1986". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
Jump up ^ "World Cup 1990 Qualifying". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup 1990 (Italy, 8 June – 8 July)". Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
Jump up ^ "Scotland Open the World Cup 1998". BBC Scotland. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
Jump up ^ "Craig Brown's highs and lows". BBC Sport. BBC. 7 October 2001. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
External links[edit]
World Cup History, Scottish Football Association
FIFA Official Ranking of all Participants at Finals 1930–2002. FIFA Match Results for all Stages 1930–2002
FIFA official site
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1 Considered a successor team by FIFA, or have competed under another name(s). 2 Have been member of multiple confederations. 3 Team and national federation no longer exist.
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The road to hell is paved with good intentions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the proverb/aphorism. For the 2009 song by In Fear and Faith, see The Road to Hell Is Paved with Good Intentions (song).
The road to hell is paved with good intentions is a proverb or aphorism. An alternative form is "Hell is full of good meanings, but heaven is full of good works".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 Meaning
3 Studies
4 Artistic references
5 See also
6 References
Origin[edit]
The saying is thought to have originated with Saint Bernard of Clairvaux who wrote (c. 1150), "L'enfer est plein de bonnes volontés ou désirs" (hell is full of good wishes or desires).[2] An earlier saying occurs in Virgil's Aeneid: "facilis descensus Averno (the descent to hell is easy)".[3]
Meaning[edit]
A common interpretation of the saying is that wrongdoings or evil actions are often masked by good intentions; or even that good intentions, when acted upon, may have unintended consequences. A simple example is the introduction of an invasive species, like the Asian carp, which has become a nuisance due to unexpected proliferation and behaviour.[4]
Another meaning of the phrase is that individuals may have the intention to undertake good actions but nevertheless fail to take action.[5][6] This inaction may be due to procrastination, laziness or other subversive vice.[7] As such, the saying is an admonishment that a good intention is meaningless unless followed through.[8]
Moral certainty can be used to justify the harm done by failing policies and actions. Those with good intentions believe their practices are good for the group; it is self-evident to them. They justify collateral damage in the belief they do a greater good. The Nazi concentration camps were created to hold so-called "racially undesirable elements" of German society. The GULAG system was introduced in order to isolate disloyal elements not contributing to the dictatorship of the proletariat. The Inquisition was established to eradicate heretics in religious states. The harm done is clearly seen, and acknowledged, but is written off as a 'price worth paying'.
On a personal level, taking a subjectively "good action" can land one in a horrific emotional and/or physical state of being, e.g., a soldier goes off to war to fight for the subjective good of their country and ends up with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Studies[edit]
Psychological studies of the effect of intention upon task completion by professors Peter Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran and Sheina Orbell indicate that there is some truth in the proverb.[9] Perfectionists are especially prone to having their intentions backfire in this way.[10] Some[11] have argued that people are more likely to interpret their own actions as more well intended than the actions of others.
Attempts to improve the ethical behaviour of groups are often counter-productive. If legislation is used for such an attempt, people observe the letter of the law rather than improve the desired behaviour. During negotiation, groups that are encouraged to understand the point of view of the other parties are worse at this than those whose perspective is not enlightened.[citation needed] The threat of punishment may make behavior less rather than more ethical.[12] Studies of business ethics indicate that most wrongdoing is not due directly to wickedness but is performed by people who did not plan to err.[13]
Stephen Garrard Post, writing about altruism, suggests that good intentions are often not what they seem and that mankind normally acts from less worthy, selfish motives—"If the road to hell is paved with good intentions, it is partly because that is the road they generally start out on."[14]
Artistic references[edit]
Authors who have used the phrase include Charlotte Brontë, Lord Byron, Samuel Johnson,[15] Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sir Walter Scott,[16] Søren Kierkegaard,[17] and Karl Marx.[18] Ozzy Osbourne used the term in the song "Tonight" on his album Diary of a Madman.
In the movie Highway to Hell, the phrase is taken literally to create one particular scene. The Good Intentions Paving Company has a team of Andy Warhols who grind good-intentioned souls into pavement. "I was only sleeping with my husband's boss to advance his career", says one.[19] The figurative meaning of the phrase is a big part of the plot too, as several characters offer help to the two protagonists on the Road to Hell, but all of them have ulterior motives.
Pink used the phrase in her 2006 song Dear Mr. President to refer to the No Child Left Behind Act.
Madonna uses this line in her 2008 single "4 Minutes," featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland, off her eleventh studio album Hard Candy. She mentions it in one of her verses, singing "The road to hell is paved with good intentions, yeah."[20]
See also[edit]
Do-gooder
Murphy's law
Unintended consequences
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "the road to Hell is paved with good intentions", Proverbs, Infobase Publishing, 2007, p. 234, ISBN 9780816066735
Jump up ^ Ammer, Christine (1997), The American Heritage dictionary of idioms, ISBN 9780395727744
Jump up ^ Mawr, Mrs E. B. (1885), "Hell is paved with good intentions", Analogous Proverbs In Ten Languages, Elliot Stock
Jump up ^ Kalman, Izzy (August 16, 2010), "Principle Number One: The Road to Hell is Paved with Good Intentions", Psychology Today, Resilience to Bullying
Jump up ^ The road to hell is paved with good intentions. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third ed.). Dictionary.com/Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ The road to hell is paved with good intentions. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus (Third ed.). Dictionary.cambridge.org/Cambridge University Press. 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Collis, Harry; Risso, Mario (1992), "The Road to Hell is Paved with Good Intentions", 101 American English proverbs: understanding language and culture through commonly used sayings, Lincolnwood, Ill: Passport Books, ISBN 9780844254128
Jump up ^ Bowden, Charles L., editor; Burstein, Alvin George, editor (1983). Psychosocial Basis of Health Care. Williams & Wilkins. p. 98. ISBN 0-683-00993-1. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Gollwitzer, Peter; Sheeran, Paschal (2006-05-30), "Implementation intentions and goal achievement", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, ISBN 9780120152384
Jump up ^ Powers, T. A. (2005), "Implementation Intentions, Perfectionism, and Goal Progress: Perhaps the Road to Hell Is Paved With Good Intentions", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 (7): 902–912, doi:10.1177/0146167204272311
Jump up ^ Kruger, Justin; Gilovich, Thomas (2004), "Actions, Intentions, and Self-Assessment: The Road to Self-Enhancement Is Paved with Good Intentions", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30 (3): 328–339, doi:10.1177/0146167203259932, PMID 15030624
Jump up ^ Messick, David (2006-07-11), "The Road to Hell", Ethics in groups, 8, pp. 273–274, ISBN 9780762313006
Jump up ^ Nash, Laura L. (1993), Good intentions aside: a manager's guide to resolving ethical problems, ISBN 9780875844299
Jump up ^ Post, Stephen Garrard (2002), Altruism & altruistic love, Oxford University Press, p. 203, ISBN 9780195143584
Jump up ^ "Hell is paved with good intentions." April 14, 1775 Boswell, James (1791). Life of Samuel Johnson. II.
Jump up ^ Pell, Robert Conger (1857), Milledulcia, p. 89
Jump up ^ Kierkegaard, Soren. (2013), Kierkegaard's Writings, XVI: Works of Love, Princeton University Press, p. 94, ISBN 9781400847013
Jump up ^ Marx, Karl. "Seven, Section 2". Das Kapital The Production of Surplus-Value — Der weg zur Hölle ist jedoch mit guten Absichten. One. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Muir, John Kenneth (2011), Horror Films of the 1990s, McFarland, p. 236, ISBN 9780786440122
Jump up ^ Madonna (Ft. Justin Timberlake & Timbaland) – 4 Minutes, retrieved 2017-07-20
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text:
El Clásico
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see El Clásico (disambiguation).
El Clásico
Team kits
Locale
Spain
Teams
Barcelona
Real Madrid
Latest meeting
Real Madrid 2–0 Barcelona
Supercopa de España
(16 August 2017)
Next meeting
Real Madrid v Barcelona
La Liga
(23 December 2017)
Stadiums
Camp Nou (Barcelona)
Santiago Bernabéu (Real Madrid)
Statistics
Meetings total
Competitive matches: 235
Exhibition matches: 34
Total matches: 269
Most wins
Competitive matches: Real Madrid (95)
Exhibition matches: Barcelona (20)
Total matches: Barcelona (111)
Most player appearances
Manolo Sanchís (43)
Top scorer
Lionel Messi (25)[note 1]
Largest victory
Real Madrid 11–1 Barcelona
Copa del Rey
(19 June 1943)
El Clásico (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈklasiko]; Catalan: El Clàssic,[1] pronounced [əɫ ˈkɫasik]; "The Classic") is the name given in football to any match between fierce rivals Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. Originally it referred only to those competitions held in the Spanish championship, but nowadays the term has been generalized, and tends to include every single match between the two clubs: UEFA Champions League, Copa del Rey, etc. Other than the UEFA Champions League Final, it is considered one of the biggest club football games in the world, and is among the most viewed annual sporting events.[2][3][4] The match is known for its intensity.[5]
The rivalry comes about as Madrid and Barcelona are the two largest cities in Spain, and they are sometimes identified with opposing political positions, with Real Madrid viewed as representing Spanish nationalism and Barcelona viewed as representing Catalan nationalism.[6] The rivalry is regarded as one of the biggest in world sport.[7][8][9] The two clubs are among the richest and most successful football clubs in the world; in 2014 Forbes ranked them the world's two most valuable sports teams.[3] Both clubs have a global fanbase; they are the world's two most followed sports teams on social media.[10][11]
Real Madrid leads the head to head results in competitive matches with 95 wins to Barcelona's 91, while Barcelona leads in total matches with 111 wins to Real Madrid's 99. Along with Athletic Bilbao, they are the only clubs in La Liga to have never been relegated.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rivalry
1.1 History
1.2 1943 Copa del Generalísimo semi-finals
1.3 Di Stéfano transfer
1.4 Final of the bottles
1.5 Luís Figo Transfer
1.6 Recent issues
2 Results
3 Records
3.1 Biggest wins (5+ goals)
3.2 Longest runs
3.2.1 Most consecutive wins
3.2.2 Most consecutive draws
3.2.3 Most consecutive matches without a draw
3.2.4 Longest undefeated runs
3.2.5 Longest undefeated runs in the league
3.2.6 Most consecutive matches without conceding a goal
3.2.7 Most consecutive games scoring
3.3 Goalscoring
3.3.1 Top goalscorers
3.3.2 Consecutive goalscoring
3.4 Most hat-tricks
3.5 Most assists
3.6 Most appearances[citation needed]
4 Players who played for both clubs
5 Honours
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Rivalry
History
Santiago Bernabéu, home of Real Madrid, hosted its first Clásico in 1948.
Camp Nou, home of FC Barcelona, hosted its first Clásico in 1958.
The conflict between Real Madrid and Barcelona has long surpassed the sporting dimension,[12][13] so that elections to the clubs' presidencies are strongly politicized.[14]
As early as the 1930s, Barcelona "had developed a reputation as a symbol of Catalan identity, opposed to the centralising tendencies of Madrid".[15][16] In 1936, when Francisco Franco started the Coup d'état against the democratic Second Spanish Republic, the president of Barcelona, Josep Sunyol, member of the Republican Left of Catalonia and Deputy to The Cortes, was arrested and executed without trial by Franco's troops[14] (Sunyol was exercising his political activities, visiting Republican troops north of Madrid).[15]
Barcelona was on top of the list of organizations to be purged by the National faction, just after communists, anarchists, and independentists.[14][17] During the Franco dictatorship, most citizens of Barcelona were in strong opposition to the fascist-like régime. Phil Ball, the author of Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football, says about the match; "they hate each other with an intensity that can truly shock the outsider".[18]
During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera and of Francisco Franco, all regional languages and identities in Spain were frowned upon and restrained. In this period, Barcelona gained their motto Més que un club (English: More than a club) because of its alleged connection to Catalan nationalist as well as to progressive beliefs.[19] During Franco's regime, however, Barcelona was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.[20] The links between senior Real Madrid representatives and the Francoist regime were undeniable;[14] for most of the Catalans, Real Madrid was regarded as "the establishment club", despite the fact that presidents of both clubs like Josep Sunyol and Rafael Sánchez Guerra, suffered at the hands of Franco's supporters in the Spanish Civil War.[15][21][22]
The image for both clubs was further affected by the creation of Ultras groups, some of which became hooligans. In 1980, Ultras Sur was founded as a far-right-leaning Real Madrid ultras group, followed in 1981 by the foundation of the initially left-leaning and later on far-right, Barcelona ultras group Boixos Nois. Both groups became known for their violent acts,[14][23][24] and one of the most conflictive factions of Barcelona supporters, the Casuals, became a full-fledged criminal organisation.[25]
For many people, Barcelona is still considered as "the rebellious club", or the alternative pole to "Real Madrid's conservatism".[26][27] According to polls released by CIS (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas), Real Madrid is the favorite team of most of the Spanish residents, while Barcelona stands in the second position. In Catalonia, forces of all the political spectrum are overwhelmingly in favour of Barcelona. Nevertheless, the support of the blaugrana club goes far beyond from that region, earning its best results among young people, sustainers of a federal structure of Spain and citizens with left-wing ideology, in contrast with Real Madrid fans which politically tend to adopt right-wing views.[28][29]
1943 Copa del Generalísimo semi-finals
On 13 June 1943, Real Madrid beat Barcelona 11–1 at home in the second leg of a semi-final of the Copa del Generalísimo, the Copa del Rey having been renamed in honour of General Franco.[30] The first leg, played at Barcelona's Les Corts stadium in Catalonia, had ended with Barcelona winning 3–0. Madrid complained about all the three goals that referee Fombona Fernández had allowed for Barcelona,[31] with the home supporters also whistling Madrid throughout, whom they accused of employing roughhouse tactics, and Fombona for allowing them to. A campaign began in Madrid. Barcelona player Josep Valle recalled: "The press officer at the DND and ABC newspaper wrote all sorts of scurrilous lies, really terrible things, winding up the Madrid fans like never before". While former Real Madrid goalkeeper Eduardo Teus, who admitted that Madrid had "above all played hard", wrote in a newspaper: "the ground itself made Madrid concede two of the three goals, goals that were totally unfair".[32]
Barcelona fans were banned from traveling to Madrid. Real Madrid released a statement after the match which former club president (1985–1995) Ramón Mendoza explained, "The message got through that those fans who wanted to could go to El Club bar on Calle de la Victoria where Madrid's social center was. There, they were given a whistle. Others had whistles handed to them with their tickets." The day of the second leg, the Barcelona team were insulted and stones were thrown at their bus as soon as they left their hotel. Barcelona's striker Mariano Gonzalvo said of the incedent, "Five minutes before the game had started, our penalty area was already full of coins." Barcelona goalkeeper Lluis Miró rarely approached his line—when he did, he was armed with stones. As Francisco Calvet told the story, "They were shouting: Reds! Separatists!... a bottle just missed Sospedra that would have killed him if it had hit him. It was all set up."[33] Down in the Barcelona dugout, Ángel Mur who watched events unfold, stated, "When I took up my place on the bench, a policeman came up to me and said 'Today you're going to lose'... another armed police lieutenant spent the whole game calling me a Catalan dog and a red separatist. When I got up to treat an injured player, he grabbed me and told me to sit back down again. At which point, Piñeyro intervened." The policeman told the Barcelona president to shut up or he would be arrested.[34] Piñeyro was assaulted by Madrid fans.[35]
Real Madrid went 2–0 up within half an hour. The third goal brought with it a sending off for Barcelona's Benito García after he made what Calvet claimed was a "completely normal tackle". Madrid's José Llopis Corona recalled, "At which point, they got a bit demoralized," while Mur countered, "at which point, we thought: 'go on then, score as many as you want'." Madrid scored in minutes 31', 33', 35', 39', 43' and 44', as well as two goals ruled out for offside, made it 8–0. Basilo de la Morena had been caught out by the speed of the goals. At half-time, Barcelona's players decided that they were not going out for the second half. According to an interview Valle and Calvet gave to La Vanguardia in May 2000, a colonel appeared in the dressing room and said, "Go back out on to the pitch or you're all going to jail." Calvet later added an important detail when he told the story to his biographer Guillem Gómez, noting that when he questioned why there were not more police on duty given the atmosphere, he was told, "Shut up, obey, go out there and play... and lose!."[34] Juan Antonio Samaranch, former Spanish minister of sports and International Olympic Committee (IOC) president, wrote, "Barcelona did not exist and the same would have happened to any team. In that atmosphere and with a referee who wanted to avoid any complications, it was humanly impossible to play... If the azulgranas had played badly, really badly, the scoreboard would still not have reached that astronomical figure. The point is that they did not play at all." Both clubs were fined 2,500 pesetas by the Royal Spanish Football Federation and, although Barcelona appealed, it made no difference. Piñeyro resigned in protest, complaining of "a campaign that the press has run against Barcelona for a week and which culminated in the shameful day at Chamartín".[35][36]
The match report in the newspaper La Prensa described Barcelona's only goal as a "reminder that there was a team there who knew how to play football and that if they did not do so that afternoon, it was not exactly their fault".[34] Another newspaper called the scoreline "as absurd as it was abnormal".[31] According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in Barcelona's history. This was the game that first formed the identification of Madrid as the team of the dictatorship and Barcelona as its victims."[31] Fernando Argila, Barcelona's reserve goalkeeper from the game, said, "There was no rivalry. Not, at least, until that game."[37]
Di Stéfano transfer
Alfredo Di Stéfano's controversial 1953 transfer to Real Madrid instead of Barcelona intensified the rivalry.
The rivalry was intensified during the 1950s when the clubs disputed the signing of Alfredo Di Stéfano. Di Stéfano had impressed both Barcelona and Real Madrid while playing for Los Millionarios in Bogotá, Colombia, during a players' strike in his native Argentina.[38] Both Real Madrid and Barcelona attempted to sign him and, due to confusion that emerged from Di Stéfano moving to Millonarios from River Plate following the strike, both clubs claimed to own his registration.[38] After intervention from FIFA representative Muñoz Calero, it was decided that both Barcelona and Real Madrid had to share the player in alternate seasons. Barcelona's humiliated president was forced to resign by the Barcelona board, with the interim board cancelling Di Stéfano's contract.[38] This ended the long struggle for Di Stéfano, as he moved definitively to Real Madrid.[38]
Di Stéfano became integral in the subsequent success achieved by Real Madrid, scoring twice in his first game against Barcelona. With him, Real Madrid won the initial five European Champions Cup competitions. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice at the European Cup, Real Madrid winning in 1960 and Barcelona winning in 1961.
Final of the bottles
On 5 July 1968, Barcelona beat Real Madrid 1–0 in the Copa del Generalísimo final at the Santiago Bernabéu. Angry about the refereeing, Real Madrid supporters began throwing glass bottles at the referee and at Barcelona players in the last minutes of the match.[39] Antonio Rigo, referee of the final, was accused of being favourable towards Barcelona. He said of the incident, "After the final of 1968, I became more 'antimadridista', rather than a fan of Barcelona. But for a reason, I noticed that Madrid's 'hand' reached far and harmed me... Barça never offered me anything, not even a badge. However, Antonio Calderón, I think he was Real Madrid's manager, came to my room in the dugout before the game, and said 'I want to give you a good gift'. It was Madrid's custom of giving a golden watch. I guess it was conditioned on the victory of his team because I am still waiting for that gift."[39] Regarding the moments of two not-given penalties, he said, "I didn't see a penalty in Amancio, and Serena stumbled. Serena wanted to deceive me falling when he entered 7mm in the area." General Franco handed Barcelona the cup with the pitch full of bottles, hence the name.[40][41]
Luís Figo Transfer
Luís Figo's transfer from Barcelona to Real Madrid in 2000 resulted in a hate campaign by some of his former club's fans.
In 2000, Real Madrid's then-presidential candidate, Florentino Pérez, offered Barcelona's vice-captain Luís Figo $2.4 million just to sign an agreement binding him to Madrid if he won the elections. If the player broke the deal, he would have to pay Pérez $30 million in compensation. When his agent confirmed the deal, Figo denied everything, insisting, "I'll stay at Barcelona whether Pérez wins or loses." He accused the presidential candidate of "lying" and "fantasizing". He told Barcelona teammates Luis Enrique and Pep Guardiola he was not leaving and they conveyed the message to the Barcelona squad.[42]
On 9 July, Sport ran an interview in which he said, "I want to send a message of calm to Barcelona's fans, for whom I always have and always will feel great affection. I want to assure them that Luís Figo will, with absolute certainty, be at the Camp Nou on the 24th to start the new season... I’ve not signed a pre-contract with a presidential candidate at Real Madrid. No. I'm not so mad as to do a thing like that."[42]
The only way Barcelona could prevent Figo's transfer to Real Madrid was to pay the penalty clause, $30 million. That would have effectively meant paying the fifth highest transfer fee in history to sign their own player. Barcelona's new president, Joan Gaspart, called the media and told them, "Today, Figo gave me the impression that he wanted to do two things: get richer and stay at Barça." Only one of them happened. The following day, 24 July, Figo was presented in Madrid and handed his new shirt by Alfredo Di Stéfano. His buyout clause was set at $180 million. Gaspart later admitted, "Figo's move destroyed us."[43]
On his return to Barcelona in a Real Madrid shirt, banners with "Judas", "Scum" and "Mercenary" were hung around the stadium. Thousands of fake 10,000 peseta notes had been printed and emblazoned with his image, were among the missiles of oranges, bottles, cigarette lighters, even a couple of mobile phones were thrown at him.[44] In his third season with Real Madrid, the 2002 Clásico at Camp Nou produced one of the defining images of the rivalry. Figo was mercilessly taunted throughout; missiles of coins, a knife, a whisky bottle, were raining down from the stands, mostly from areas populated by the Boixos Nois where he had been taking a corner. Among the debris was a pig's head.[45][46]
Recent issues
During the last three decades, the rivalry has been augmented by the modern Spanish tradition of the Pasillo, where one team is given the guard of honor by the other team, once the former clinches the La Liga trophy before El Clásico takes place. This has happened in three occasions. First, during El Clásico that took place on 30 April 1988, where Real Madrid won the championship on the previous round. Then, three years later, when Barcelona won the championship two rounds before El Clásico on 8 June 1991.[47] The last pasillo, and most recent, took place on 7 May 2008, and this time Real Madrid had won the championship.[48]
The two teams met again in the UEFA Champions League semi-final in 2002, with Real Madrid winning 2–0 in Barcelona and a 1–1 draw in Madrid. The match was dubbed by Spanish media as the "Match of the Century".[49]
In 2005, Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983, to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernabéu.
While El Clásico is regarded as one of the fiercest rivalries in world football, there have been rare moments when fans have shown praise for a player on the opposing team. In 1980, Laurie Cunningham was the first Real Madrid player to receive applause from Barcelona fans at Camp Nou; after excelling during the match, and with Madrid winning 2–0, Cunningham left the field to a standing ovation from the locals.[50][51] On 26 June 1983, during the second leg of the Copa de la Liga final at the Santiago Bernabéu in Madrid, having dribbled past the Real Madrid goalkeeper, Barcelona star Diego Maradona ran towards an empty goal before stopping just as the Madrid defender came sliding in an attempt to block the shot and crashed into the post, before Maradona slotted the ball into the net.[50] The manner of Maradona's goal led to many Madrid fans inside the stadium start applauding.[50][52] In November 2005, Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player to receive a standing ovation from Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernabéu.[50] After dribbling through the Madrid defence twice to score two goals in a 3–0 win, Madrid fans paid homage to his performance with applause.[53][54] On 21 November 2015, Andrés Iniesta became the third Barcelona player to receive applause from Real Madrid fans while he was substituted during a 4–0 away win, with Iniesta scoring Barça's third.[55]
A 2007 survey by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas showed that 32% of the Spanish population supported Real Madrid, while 25% supported Barcelona. In third place came Valencia, with 5%.[56] According to a poll performed by Ikerfel in 2011, Barcelona is the most popular team in Spain with 44% of preferences, while Real Madrid is second with 37%. Atlético Madrid, Valencia and Athletic Bilbao complete the top five.[57] Both clubs have a global fanbase and are the world's two most followed sports teams on social media—on Facebook, as of March 2016, Barcelona has 91 million fans, Real Madrid has 87 million fans.[10][58]
Barcelona's Lionel Messi and Real Madrid midfielder Lassana Diarra in a 2011 Clásico.
The rivalry intensified in 2011 where, due to the final of the Copa Del Rey and the meeting of the two in the UEFA Champions League, Barcelona and Real Madrid were scheduled to meet each other four times in 18 days. Several accusations of unsportsmanlike behaviour from both teams and a war of words erupted throughout the fixtures which included four red cards. Spain national team coach Vicente del Bosque stated that he was "concerned" that due to the rising hatred between the two clubs, that this could cause friction in the Spain team.[59]
In recent years, the rivalry has been "encapsulated" by the rivalry between Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi.[60] Following the star signings of Neymar and Luis Suárez to Barcelona, and Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema to Madrid, the rivalry has been expanded to a battle of the clubs attacking trios, "BBC" (Bale, Benzema, Cristiano) against "MSN" (Messi, Suárez, Neymar).[61]
Results
Main article: List of El Clásico matches
As of 16 August 2017[62]
Matches
Wins
Draws
Goals
Home Wins
Home Draws
Away Wins
M
B
M
B
M
B
M
B
M
B
La Liga
174 72 69 33 284 277 52 49 15 18 20 20
Copa del Rey
33 12 14 7 64 63 5 7 5 2 3 5
Copa de la Liga
6 0 2 4 8 13 0 1 2 2 0 1
Supercopa de España
14 8 4 2 30 18 6 4 1 1 2 0
Champions League
8 3 2 3 13 10 1 1 2 1 2 1
All competitions
235
95
91
49
399
381
64
61
25
24
27
27
Friendly / Other
34 4 20 10 44 86 3 11 4 6 1 8
All matches
269
99
111
59
443
467
67
72
29
30
28
35
Records
Biggest wins (5+ goals)
10 Real Madrid 11–1 Barcelona 19 June 1943 Copa del Rey
7 Barcelona 7–0 Real Madrid 1 November 1913 Exhibition
6 Real Madrid 8–2 Barcelona 3 February 1935 La Liga
Barcelona 7–1 Real Madrid 18 February 1920 Exhibition
5 Barcelona 7–2 Real Madrid 24 September 1950 La Liga
Barcelona 6–1 Real Madrid 19 May 1957 Copa del Rey
Real Madrid 6–1 Barcelona 18 September 1949 La Liga
Barcelona 5–0 Real Madrid 21 April 1935
Barcelona 5–0 Real Madrid 25 March 1945
Real Madrid 5–0 Barcelona 5 October 1953
Real Madrid 0–5 Barcelona 17 February 1974
Barcelona 5–0 Real Madrid 8 January 1994
Real Madrid 5–0 Barcelona 7 January 1995
Barcelona 5–0 Real Madrid 29 November 2010
Longest runs
Most consecutive wins
Games
Club
Period
6 Barcelona 25 January 1948 – 15 January 1949
6 Real Madrid 30 September 1962 – 28 February 1965
5 Real Madrid 5 March 1933 – 3 February 1935
5 Barcelona 13 December 2008 – 29 November 2010
Most consecutive draws
Games
Period
3 11 September 1991 – 7 March 1992
3 1 May 2002 – 20 April 2003
Most consecutive matches without a draw
Games
Period
18 25 January 1948 – 21 November 1954
17 23 November 1960 – 19 March 1967
14 4 December 1977 – 4 June 1983
12 19 May 1957 – 27 April 1960
10 5 March 1933 – 28 January 1940
Longest undefeated runs
Games
Club
Period
14 Real Madrid 31 January 1931 – 3 February 1935
13 Barcelona 1 November 1917 – 3 June 1928
Longest undefeated runs in the league
Games
Club
Period
7 (6 Wins) Barcelona 13 December 2008 – 10 December 2011
7 (5 Wins) Real Madrid 31 January 1932 – 3 February 1935
6 (6 Wins) Real Madrid 30 September 1962 – 28 February 1965
6 (4 Wins) Barcelona 11 May 1997 – 13 October 1999
6 (3 Wins) Barcelona 28 November 1971 – 17 February 1974
5 (4 Wins) Barcelona 30 March 1947 – 15 January 1949
5 (3 Wins) Barcelona 11 May 1975 – 30 January 1977
Most consecutive matches without conceding a goal
Games
Club
Period
5 Barcelona 3 April 1972 – 17 February 1974
3 Barcelona 10 January 1914 – 7 March 1916
3 Real Madrid 29 June 1974 – 11 May 1975
3 Barcelona 29 November 2009 – 29 November 2010
Most consecutive games scoring
Games
Club
Period
23 Barcelona 27 April 2011 – 13 August 2017
18 Real Madrid 3 May 2011 – 22 March 2015
17 Barcelona 27 November 1982 – 31 January 1987
14 Real Madrid 15 February 1959 – 21 January 1962
14 Real Madrid 5 December 1990 – 16 December 1993
13 Real Madrid 1 December 1946 – 23 November 1952
13 Real Madrid 22 April 1962 – 9 April 1968
12 Barcelona 26 March 1916 – 26 April 1926
11 Barcelona 11 September 1991 – 7 May 1994
10 Barcelona 30 January 1997 – 13 October 1999
Goalscoring
Top goalscorers
Players in bold players are still active
Player
Club
La Liga
Copa
Super Cup
League Cup
Europe
Total
Lionel Messi Barcelona 16 — 6 — 2 25[note 1]
Alfredo Di Stéfano Real Madrid 14 2 2 — — 18
Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 8 5 4 — — 17
Raúl Real Madrid 11 — 3 — 1 15
César Barcelona 12 2 — — — 14
Francisco Gento Real Madrid 10 2 — — 2 14
Ferenc Puskás Real Madrid 9 2 — — 3 14
Santillana Real Madrid 9 2 — 1 — 12
Hugo Sánchez Real Madrid 8 — 2 — — 10
Juanito Real Madrid 8 — — 2 — 10
Josep Samitier Barca / Real 4 6 — — — 10
Estanislao Basora Barcelona 8 1 — — — 9
Jaime Lazcano Real Madrid 8 — — — — 8
Karim Benzema Real Madrid 6 1 1 — — 8
Iván Zamorano Real Madrid 4 2 2 — — 8
Eulogio Martínez Barcelona 2 5 — — 1 8
Luis Suárez Barcelona 2 4 — — 2 8
Santiago Bernabéu Real Madrid — 8 — — — 8
Consecutive goalscoring
Player
Club
Consecutive matches
Total goals in the run
Start
End
Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 6 7 2011–12 Copa del Rey (1st leg) 2012–13 La Liga (7th round)
Iván Zamorano Real Madrid 5 5 1992–93 La Liga (20th Round) 1993 Supercopa de España (2nd leg)
Simón Lecue Real Madrid 4 5 1935–36 La Liga (7th Round) 1939–40 La Liga (9th Round)
Ronaldinho Barcelona 4 5 2004–05 La Liga (12th Round) 2005–06 La Liga (31st Round)
Giovanni Barcelona 4 4 1997 Supercopa de España (1st leg) 1997–98 La Liga (28th Round)
Lionel Messi is the all-time top scorer in El Clásico history with 25 goals.
Most hat-tricks
Five players have been able to score more than one hat trick: Jaime Lazcano, Santiago Bernabéu, Paulino Alcántara, Lionel Messi and Ferenc Puskás have all scored two hat-tricks in El Clásico history (2).
Most assists
Lionel Messi has delivered the most assists in El Clásico history (13).[citation needed]
Most appearances[citation needed]
Players in bold are still active
Appearances
Player
Club
43 Manuel Sanchís Real Madrid
42 Francisco Gento Real Madrid
42 Xavi Barcelona
37 Fernando Hierro Real Madrid
37 Raúl Real Madrid
37 Iker Casillas Real Madrid
35 Andrés Iniesta Barcelona
34 Lionel Messi Barcelona
34 Sergio Ramos Real Madrid
Players who played for both clubs
Javier Saviola was the most recent player to transfer between the two rivals, in 2007.
Barcelona then Madrid
1902: Alfonso Albéniz
1906: José Quirante
1911: Alfonso Albéniz
1911: Arsenio Comamala
1913: Walter Rozitsky
1930: Ricardo Zamora (via Espanyol)
1932: Josep Samitier
1950: Alfonso Navarro
1961: Justo Tejada
1962: Evaristo
1965: Fernand Goyvaerts
1988: Bernd Schuster
1990: Luis Milla
1992: Nando
1994: Michael Laudrup
1995: Miquel Soler (via Sevilla)
2000: Luís Figo
2000: Albert Celades (via Celta Vigo)
2002: Ronaldo (via Inter Milan)
2007: Javier Saviola
Madrid then Barcelona
1905: Luciano Lizarraga
1939: Hilario (via Valencia)
1961: Jesús María Pereda (via Real Valladolid, then Sevilla)
1965: Lucien Muller
1980: Lorenzo Amador (via Hércules)
1994: Gheorghe Hagi (via Brescia)
1994: Julen Lopetegui (via Logroñés)
1995: Robert Prosinečki (via Real Oviedo)
1996: Luis Enrique
1999: Dani García (via Mallorca)
2000: Alfonso Pérez (via Real Betis)
2004: Samuel Eto'o (via Mallorca)
From Barcelona to Madrid 17
From Barcelona to another club before Madrid 4
Total 21
From Madrid to Barcelona 3
From Madrid to another club before Barcelona 9
Total 12
Total Switches 33
Honours
The rivalry reflected in El Clásico matches comes about as Real Madrid and Barcelona are the most successful football clubs in Spain. As seen below, Barcelona leads Real Madrid 90–87 in terms of official overall trophies.[63] While the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is recognised as the predecessor to the UEFA Cup, it was not organised by UEFA. Consequently, UEFA does not consider clubs' records in the Fairs Cup to be part of their European record.[64] However, FIFA does view the competition as a major honour.[65]
Real Madrid
Competition
Barcelona
Domestic
33 La Liga (Primera División) 24
19 Copa del Rey 29
10 Supercopa de España 12
1 Copa Eva Duarte (defunct) 3
1 Copa de la Liga (defunct) 2
64 Aggregate 70
European and Worldwide
12 UEFA Champions League 5
— UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (defunct) 4
2 UEFA Europa League —
4 UEFA Super Cup 5
— Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (defunct) 3
3 UEFA / CONMEBOL Intercontinental Cup (defunct) —
2 FIFA Club World Cup 3
23 Aggregate 20
87 Total Aggregate 90
Note: FC Barcelona won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup three times, but it doesn't count towards their UEFA European Record.
See also
Association football portal
Madrid derby
Derbi barceloní
Major football rivalries
Nationalism and sport
Sports rivalry
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b Includes a goal scored in the 2017 International Champions Cup.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "Applauding the enemy", FIFA.com, 15 February 2014
Jump up ^ "Real Madrid vs Barcelona: El-Clasico Preview", The Independent, 17 January 2012,
Jump up ^ "30 years since Maradona stunned the Santiago Bernabéu". FC Barcelona. Retrieved 2 October 2014
Jump up ^ "Rampant Ronaldinho receives standing ovation". BBC News. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Real Madrid 0 Barcelona 3: Bernabeu forced to pay homage as Ronaldinho soars above the galacticos". The Independent. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Real Madrid Fans Applaud Barcelona's Andres Iniesta In ‘El Clasico’". NESN. 21 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "CIS Mayo 2007" (PDF) (in Spanish). Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. May 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "España se pasa del Madrid al Barcelona" (in Spanish). www.as.com. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Facebook fan pages". FanPageList.com. Retrieved 31 March 2016
Jump up ^ Sapa-DPA (29 April 2011). "Del Bosque concerned over Real-Barca conflict - SuperSport - Football". SuperSport. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Bate, Adam (25 October 2013). "Fear and Loathing". Sky Sports. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "El club de los 100: MSN 91-88 BBC". Marca. 24 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Real Madrid vs Barcelona: El Clasico Stats and Head to Head Record". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 6 January 2015
Jump up ^ Copa Eva Duarte (Defunct) is not listed as an official title by the UEFA, but it is considered as such by the RFEF, as it is the direct predecessor of the Supercopa de España
Jump up ^ "UEFA Europa League: History: New format provides fresh impetus". UEFA. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Classic Football: Clubs: FC Barcelona". FIFA. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Classic Football: Clubs: AS Roma". FIFA. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Real Madrid-FC Barcelona rivalry.
Ball, Phill (2003). Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football. WSC Books Limited. ISBN 0-9540134-6-8.
Farred, Grant (2008). Long distance love: a passion for football. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-59213-374-6.
Lowe, Sid (2013). Fear and Loathing in La Liga: Barcelona vs Real Madrid. Random House. ISBN 9780224091800.
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