text:
I Love the Nightlife
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"I Love the Nightlife"
The cover of the German edition of "I Love The Nightlife"
Single by Alicia Bridges
from the album Alicia Bridges
B-side
"Self Applause"
Released
June 19, 1978 (June 19, 1978)
Format
7" single
Recorded
1978
Genre
Disco
Length
5:37 (album), 3:10 (7" edit)
Label
Polydor
Songwriter(s)
Alicia Bridges, Susan Hutcheson
Producer(s)
Steve Buckingham
Alicia Bridges singles chronology
"I Love the Nightlife"
(1978) "Body Heat"
(1979)
"I Love the Nightlife (Disco 'Round)"
(1978) "Body Heat"
(1979)
"I Love the Nightlife (Disco 'Round)" is a popular disco song recorded by Alicia Bridges in 1978. It went to number two for two weeks on the disco chart.[1] The song crossed over to the pop and soul charts peaking at number five on the Billboard pop charts, and number thirty-one on the soul chart.[2]
"I Love the Nightlife" (also "Night Life") was successful in Europe as well.
The song was co-written by Alicia Bridges and Susan Hutcheson in 1977 for Bill Lowery, founder of Southern Music.
Contents
[hide]
1 1994 re-release
2 Music video
2.1 1994 video
3 In popular culture
4 Cover versions
5 Chart performance
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 References
1994 re-release[edit]
In 1994, the song gained renewed interest after being featured in the film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. The song was also re-released on the Australian charts, where it was a modest success. Because of its association with the film (and also because Bridges herself is an open lesbian), the song is closely linked with gay culture. It was remixed for this release.
Music video[edit]
A music video was directed by Bruce Gowers.
1994 video[edit]
In 1994, a new video was produced featuring Hugo Weaving, star of the film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert.
In popular culture[edit]
In The Simpsons episode "Homer's Phobia", Homer dances to the song. In another episode, "I'm with Cupid", Apu taught a parrot to sing "I Love The Nightlife" with clever new lyrics to Manjula. Marge was impressed although she hates the song; Homer admits that he hates it as well. It was also featured in the episode "A Milhouse Divided", with Luann Van Houten humming it while burning Kirk's storage boxes. It also can be heard in the 2008 episode "Mypods and Boomsticks" in Studio 54 when Itchy travels back to Studio 54 in the "Itchy & Scratchy" short.
In the 1979 horror-comedy film Love At First Bite, the vampire Dracula and his would-be bride dance to the song in a disco. However, the 2007 DVD release of the movie features a different song in the relevant scene.
In the movie So I Married An Axe Murderer, Mike Myers's character quotes the lyrics from the chorus during a conversation with his love interest in the movie.
In the Jeopardy! round of the May 29, 2006 episode of Jeopardy!, the last two categories were "I Love the Nightlife" (about cities at night) and "I Got to Boogie" (about famous escapees).[citation needed]
Featured in the film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994), and stage musical, Priscilla Queen of the Desert – the Musical
Featured in the short documentary film "Ladies Please!" (1995)
Thai 1995 MC Jeans ad show two men in different car calling and hear the cassette tape in a car when they go to the hotel.
Lyrics used in the March 29, 2012 episode of The Big Bang Theory as a "test" that the character of Raj Koothrappali could be gay.
The song was featured in the seventh season of “it’s always sunny in Philadelphia” episode “Frank’s Brother” during the scene when Frank returns from Columbia
Cover versions[edit]
Laura Branigan sang the song live on German television and it was included on the very rare compilation album Gut Gestimmt in 1980.
In 1995 the song was released by the band Bronski Beat labeled "I Luv The Nightlife", which featured two remix versions of the original song and two remix versions of the alternate song Hit That Perfect Beat Boy.
It was re-recorded by Latin singer La India and Nuyorican Soul as a track on the soundtrack for the film The Last Days of Disco. This version peaked at #12 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.[3]
In 2003 it was performed by Taylor Dayne in the television special The Disco Ball.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1978–79)
Peak
position
Australia KMR[4] 9
Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)[5] 7
Canadian RPM 3
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[6] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[7] 35
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8] 9
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[9] 11
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[10] 16
UK Singles Chart 32
UK Disco 11
US Billboard Hot 100 5
US Billboard Disco 2
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[11] 44
US Cash Box Top 100 6
Chart (1988)
Peak
position
New Zealand[12] 29
Chart (1995)
Peak
position
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[13] 5
New Zealand[14] 4
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1978)
Rank
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 88
US Cash Box [16] 70
Chart (1979)
Rank
Australia[4] 48
Canada[17] 75
US Billboard Hot 100[18] 64
Chart (1995)
Rank
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[19] 45
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003. Record Research. p. 43.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 78.
Jump up ^ "I Love the Nightlife (Disco 'Round) - India & Nuyorican Soul". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media.
^ Jump up to: a b Steffen Hung. "Forum - 1970 (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop Belgian Charts". Ultratop.be. 1979-02-17. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada". Bac-lac.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts - Offizielle Deutsche Charts". Offiziellecharts.de. 1979-04-30. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Top 40-lijst van week 6, 1979". Top40.nl. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Alicia Bridges - I Love The Nightlife (Disco Round)". Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart | The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Nztop40.co.nz. 1979-03-25. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 34.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart | The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Nztop40.co.nz. 1988-02-28. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (18.02.1995-25.02.1995)" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir - Tónlist. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart | The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Nztop40.co.nz. 1995-02-19. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1979/Top 100 Songs of 1978". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, December 30, 1978
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-06. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1979/Top 100 Songs of 1979". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1995". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Love_the_Nightlife&oldid=830354228"
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Alicia Bridges songs
Music videos directed by Bruce Gowers
Song recordings produced by Steve Buckingham (record producer)
Polydor Records singles
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text:
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Tri-Cities in Tennessee-Virginia. The red dot is Kingsport, the blue is Bristol, the green is Johnson City.
The Tri-Cities is the region comprising the cities of Kingsport, Johnson City, and Bristol and the surrounding smaller towns and communities in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. All three cities are located in Northeast Tennessee, while Bristol has a twin city of the same name in Virginia.
The Tri-Cities region was formerly a single Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); due to the U.S. Census Bureau's revised definitions of urban areas in the early 2000s, it is now a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with two metropolitan components: Johnson City and Kingsport-Bristol (TN)-Bristol (VA).[1] As of the 2000 Census, the CSA had a population of 480,091 (though a July 1, 2008 estimate placed the population at 500,538).[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Combined Statistical Area
1.1 Components
1.2 Communities
1.2.1 Places with more than 50,000 inhabitants
1.2.2 Places with 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants
1.2.3 Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants
1.2.4 Places with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants
1.2.5 Unincorporated places
1.3 Demographics
2 Transportation
2.1 Highways
2.1.1 Interstates
2.1.2 US Highways
2.2 Airport
3 Education
3.1 Colleges and universities
4 All-American City Award
5 Sister cities
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
9 Dustin McPhetridge
Combined Statistical Area[edit]
Components[edit]
Tennessee
Carter County
Greene County
Hancock County
Hawkins County
Johnson County
Sullivan County
Unicoi County
Washington County
Virginia
City of Bristol (Independent City)
Scott County
Washington County
Communities[edit]
Places with more than 50,000 inhabitants[edit]
Johnson City, Tennessee (Principal city)
Kingsport, Tennessee (Principal City)
Places with 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants[edit]
Bristol, Tennessee (Principal city)
Bristol, Virginia (Principal city)
Bloomingdale, Tennessee (CDP)
Elizabethton, Tennessee
Greeneville, Tennessee
Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants[edit]
Abingdon, Virginia
Banner Hill, Tennessee (CDP)
Bean Station, Tennessee (partial)
Blountville, Tennessee (CDP)
Bluff City, Tennessee
Castlewood, Virginia (CDP)
Central, Tennessee (CDP)
Church Hill, Tennessee
Colonial Heights, Tennessee (CDP)
Emory, Virginia (CDP)
Erwin, Tennessee
Fall Branch, Tennessee (CDP)
Gate City, Virginia
Glade Spring, Virginia
Gray, Tennessee (CDP)
Honaker, Virginia
Hunter, Tennessee (CDP)
Jonesborough, Tennessee
Lebanon, Virginia
Mosheim, Tennessee
Mountain City, Tennessee
Mount Carmel, Tennessee
Oak Grove, Tennessee (CDP)
Pine Crest, Tennessee (CDP)
Roan Mountain, Tennessee (CDP)
Rogersville, Tennessee
Saint Paul, Virginia
Saltville, Virginia (partial)
Sneedville, Tennessee
Spurgeon, Tennessee (CDP)
Surgoinsville, Tennessee
Tusculum, Tennessee
Unicoi, Tennessee
Walnut Hill, Tennessee (CDP)
Weber City, Virginia
Places with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants[edit]
Baileyton, Tennessee
Bulls Gap, Tennessee
Damascus, Virginia
Clinchport, Virginia
Duffield, Virginia
Dungannon, Virginia
Meadow View, Virginia (CDP)
Mooresburg, Tennessee (CDP)
Nickelsville, Virginia
Telford, Tennessee (CDP)
Watauga, Tennessee
Unincorporated places[edit]
Afton, Tennessee
Biltmore, Tennessee
Bowmantown, Tennessee
Boones Creek, Tennessee
Camp Creek, Tennessee
Clinchburg, Virginia
Doeville, Tennessee
Chuckey, Tennessee
Eidson, Tennessee
Embreeville, Tennessee
Fish Springs, Tennessee
Flag Pond, Tennessee
Fort Blackmore, Virginia
Friendship, Virginia
Hampton, Tennessee
Hayter's Gap, Virginia
Hiltons, Virginia
Indian Springs, Tennessee
Konnarock, Virginia
Kyles Ford, Tennessee
Lamar, Tennessee
Laurel Bloomery, Tennessee
Leesburg, Tennessee
Liberty Hill, Tennessee
Limestone, Tennessee
Lodi, Virginia
Maces Spring, Virginia
McDonald, Tennessee
Mendota, Virginia
Midway, Greene County, Tennessee
Midway, Washington County, Tennessee
Mohawk, Tennessee
Newmansville, Tennessee
Persia, Tennessee
Piney Flats, Tennessee
Rheatown, Tennessee
Romeo, Tennessee
Saint Clair, Tennessee
Shady Valley, Tennessee
South Central, Tennessee
South Greene, Tennessee
Stoney Creek, Tennessee
Sullivan Gardens, Tennessee
Sulphur Springs, Tennessee
Swords Creek, Virginia
Treadway, Tennessee
Trade, Tennessee
Valley Forge, Tennessee
Yuma, Virginia
Demographics[edit]
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 480,091 people, 199,218 households, and 138,548 families residing within the CSA. The racial makeup of the CSA was 96.22% White, 2.12% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.02% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.
The median income for a household in the CSA was $30,331, and the median income for a family was $37,254. Males had a median income of $29,561 versus $21,014 for females. The per capita income for the CSA was $16,923.
Transportation[edit]
Interstate Highways I-26 and I-81 intersect in the region, while I-40, I-77, and I-75 are nearby. Tri-Cities Regional Airport (TRI) has non-stop service to Atlanta, Charlotte, Ft. Lauderdale, Orlando, and St. Petersburg/Clearwater. Airlines include Delta Air Lines, Delta Connection, Allegiant Air and American Eagle Airlines. Additionally, TRI manages an aggressive Air Cargo program, administers Foreign Trade Zone 204, supports and promotes U.S. Customs Port 2027, and provides trade development assistance. The Region has both CSX and Norfolk Southern mainline railway access.
Highways[edit]
Interstates[edit]
Interstate 26
Interstate 81
US Highways[edit]
11
11E
11E Business
11W
19
19E
19W
23
23 Business
58
58 Alternate
58 Business
321
321 Truck
421
421 Business
Airport[edit]
The region is served by Tri-Cities Regional Airport which has scheduled airline passenger jet service.
Education[edit]
Colleges and universities[edit]
East Tennessee State University
Emmanuel Christian Seminary
Emory & Henry College
King University
Milligan College
Northeast State Community College
Virginia Intermont College (Closed May 2014)
Virginia Highlands Community College
Walters State Community College
The Kingsport Higher Education Center is a complex in downtown Kingsport, Tennessee that combines classes from five area colleges and universities, including The University of Tennessee.
All-American City Award[edit]
The All-America City Award is given by the National Civic League annually to ten cities in the United States. In 1999, the Tri-Cities were collectively designated as an All-America City by the National Civic League.
The award is the oldest community recognition program in the nation and recognizes communities whose citizens work together to identify and tackle community-wide challenges and achieve uncommon results.
Since the program's inception in 1949, more than 4,000 communities have competed and over 500 have been named All-America Cities.
Sister cities[edit]
The Greater Tri-Cities of Tennessee and Virginia has three sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
Guaranda, Ecuador
Teterow, Germany
Rybinsk, Russia
See also[edit]
Doe River
Watauga River
Watauga Lake
East Tennessee
Template:Tri-Cities TV
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Table 2. Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (CBSA-EST2008-02)" (XLS). 2008 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
OMB Bulletin No. 04-03. Updates to Statistical Areas. December 2003.
U.S. Census Bureau, Table 6. Population in Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs): 1990 and 2000
External links[edit]
Tri-Cities TN/VA - The Regional Alliance for Economic Development
Dustin McPhetridge[edit]
On NBC Dateline's To Catch A Predator one of the predators made a reference about visiting a Japanese steakhouse near the Tri-cities.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tri-Cities,_Tennessee&oldid=845450162"
Categories:
East Tennessee
Populated places in Tennessee
Johnson City metropolitan area
Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area
Geography of Carter County, Tennessee
Geography of Hawkins County, Tennessee
Geography of Unicoi County, Tennessee
Geography of Sullivan County, Tennessee
Geography of Washington County, Tennessee
Geography of Scott County, Virginia
Geography of Washington County, Virginia
Bristol, Virginia
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text:
Femur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Fima (disambiguation) or FEMA (disambiguation).
Femur
Position of femur (shown in red)
Left femur seen from behind.
Details
Origins
Gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius
Insertions
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, lateral rotator group, adductors of the hip
Articulations
hip: acetabulum of pelvis superiorly
knee: with the tibia and patella inferiorly
Identifiers
Latin
Os femoris, os longissimum
MeSH
A02.835.232.500.247
TA
A02.5.04.001
FMA
9611
Anatomical terms of bone
[edit on Wikidata]
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/, pl. femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə, ˈfɛmrə/[1][2]) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs. In vertebrates with four legs such as dogs and horses, the femur is found only in the hindlimbs. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap forming the knee joint. By most measures the femur is the strongest bone in the body. The femur is also the longest bone in the human body.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Upper part
1.2 Body
1.3 Lower part
1.4 Development
2 Function
2.1 Muscle attachments
3 Clinical significance
3.1 Fractures
4 Other animals
4.1 Invertebrates
5 Additional images
6 References
7 External links
Structure[edit]
The femur is the only bone in the leg. The two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate with the proximal ends of the tibiae. The angle of convergence of the femora is a major factor in determining the femoral-tibial angle. Human females have wider pelvic bones, causing their femora to converge more than in males. In the condition genu valgum (knock knee) the femurs converge so much that the knees touch one another. The opposite extreme is genu varum (bow-leggedness). In the general population of people without either genu valgum or genu varum, the femoral-tibial angle is about 175 degrees.[3]
The femur is the longest and, by most measures, the strongest bone in the human body. Its length on average is 26.74% of a person's height,[4] a ratio found in both men and women and most ethnic groups with only restricted variation, and is useful in anthropology because it offers a basis for a reasonable estimate of a subject's height from an incomplete skeleton.
The femur is categorised as a long bone and comprises a diaphysis (shaft or body) and two epiphyses (extremities) that articulate with adjacent bones in the hip and knee.[3]
Upper part[edit]
Main article: Upper extremity of femur
The upper extremity of right femur viewed from behind and above, showing head, neck, and the greater and lesser trochanter
The upper or proximal extremity (close to the torso) contains the head, neck, the two trochanters and adjacent structures.[3]
The head of the femur, which articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone, comprises two-thirds of a sphere. It has a small groove, or fovea, connected through the round ligament to the sides of the acetabular notch. The head of the femur is connected to the shaft through the neck or collum. The neck is 4–5 cm. long and the diameter is smallest front to back and compressed at its middle. The collum forms an angle with the shaft in about 130 degrees. This angle is highly variant. In the infant it is about 150 degrees and in old age reduced to 120 degrees on average. An abnormal increase in the angle is known as coxa valga and an abnormal reduction is called coxa vara. Both the head and neck of the femur is vastly embedded in the hip musculature and can not be directly palpated. In skinny people with the thigh laterally rotated, the head of the femur can be felt deep as a resistance profound (deep) for the femoral artery.[3]
The transition area between the head and neck is quite rough due to attachment of muscles and the hip joint capsule. Here the two trochanters, greater and lesser trochanter, are found. The greater trochanter is almost box-shaped and is the most lateral prominent of the femur. The highest point of the greater trochanter is located higher than the collum and reaches the midpoint of the hip joint. The greater trochanter can easily be felt. The trochanteric fossa is a deep depression bounded posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest on medial surface of the greater trochanter. The lesser trochanter is a cone-shaped extension of the lowest part of the femur neck. The two trochanters are joined by the intertrochanteric crest on the back side and by the intertrochanteric line on the front.[3]
A slight ridge is sometimes seen commencing about the middle of the intertrochanteric crest, and reaching vertically downward for about 5 cm. along the back part of the body: it is called the linea quadrata (or quadrate line).
About the junction of the upper one-third and lower two-thirds on the intertrochanteric crest is the quadrate tubercle located. The size of the tubercle varies and it is not always located on the intertrochanteric crest and that also adjacent areas can be part of the quadrate tubercel, such as the posterior surface of the greater trochanter or the neck of the femur. In a small anatomical study it was shown that the epiphysial line passes directly through the quadrate tubercle.[5]
Body[edit]
Main article: Body of femur
The body of the femur (or shaft) is long, slender and almost cylindrical in form. It is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. It is slightly arched, so as to be convex in front, and concave behind, where it is strengthened by a prominent longitudinal ridge, the linea aspera which diverges proximal and distal as the medial and lateral ridge. Proximal the lateral ridge of the linea aspera becomes the gluteal tuberosity while the medial ridge continues as the pectineal line. Besides the linea aspera the shaft has two other bordes; a lateral and medial border. These three bordes separates the shaft into three surfaces: One anterior, one medial and one lateral. Due to the vast musculature of the thigh the shaft can not be palpated.[3]
The third trochanter is a bony projection occasionally present on the proximal femur near the superior border of the gluteal tuberosity. When present, it is oblong, rounded, or conical in shape and sometimes continuous with the gluteal ridge.[6] A structure of minor importance in humans, the incidence of the third trochanter varies from 17–72% between ethnic groups and it is frequently reported as more common in females than in males.[7]
Lower part[edit]
Main article: Lower extremity of femur
Lower extremity of right femur viewed from below.
Left knee joint from behind, showing interior ligaments.
The lower extremity of the femur (or distal extremity) is larger than the upper extremity. It is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior (front to back). It consists of two oblong eminences known as the condyles.[3]
Anteriorly, the condyles are slightly prominent and are separated by a smooth shallow articular depression called the patellar surface. Posteriorly, they project considerably and a deep notch, the Intercondylar fossa of femur, is present between them. The lateral condyle is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters. The medial condyle is the longer and, when the femur is held with its body perpendicular, projects to a lower level. When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique position the lower surfaces of the two condyles lie practically in the same horizontal plane. The condyles are not quite parallel with one another; the long axis of the lateral is almost directly antero-posterior, but that of the medial runs backward and medialward. Their opposed surfaces are small, rough, and concave, and form the walls of the intercondyloid fossa. This fossa is limited above by a ridge, the intercondyloid line, and below by the central part of the posterior margin of the patellar surface. The posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint is attached to the lower and front part of the medial wall of the fossa and the anterior cruciate ligament to an impression on the upper and back part of its lateral wall.[3]
The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior, and posterior surfaces of the condyles. Its front part is named the patellar surface and articulates with the patella; it presents a median groove which extends downward to the intercondyloid fossa and two convexities, the lateral of which is broader, more prominent, and extends farther upward than the medial.[3]
Each condyle is surmounted by an elevation, the epicondyle. The medial epicondyle is a large convex eminence to which the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint is attached. At its upper part is the adductor tubercle and behind it is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the gastrocnemius. The lateral epicondyle which is smaller and less prominent than the medial, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint.[3]
Development[edit]
Main article: Limb development
The femur develops from the limb buds as a result of interactions between the ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm, formation occurs roughly around the fourth week of development.[8]
By the sixth week of development, the first hyaline cartilage model of the femur is formed by chondrocytes. Endochondral ossification begins by the end of the embryonic period and primary ossification centers are present in all long bones of the limbs, including the femur, by the 12th week of development. The hindlimb development lags behind forelimb development by 1–2 days.
Function[edit]
As the femur is the only bone in the thigh, it serves as an attachment point for all the muscles that exert their force over the hip and knee joints. Some biarticular muscles – which cross two joints, like the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles – also originate from the femur. In all, 23 individual muscles either originate from or insert onto the femur.
In cross-section, the thigh is divided up into three separate fascial compartments divided by fascia, each containing muscles. These compartments use the femur as an axis, and are separated by tough connective tissue membranes (or septa). Each of these compartments has its own blood and nerve supply, and contains a different group of muscles. These compartments are named the anterior, medial and posterior fascial compartments.
Muscle attachments[edit]
Muscle attachments
(seen from the front)
Muscle attachments
(seen from the back)
Muscle Direction Attachment[9]
Iliacus muscle Insertion Lesser trochanter
Psoas major muscle Insertion Lesser trochanter
Gluteus maximus muscle Insertion Gluteal tuberosity
Gluteus medius muscle Insertion Lateral surface of greater trochanter
Gluteus minimus muscle Insertion Forefront of greater trochanter
Piriformis muscle Insertion Superior boundary of greater trochanter
Gemellus superior muscle Insertion Upper edge of Obturator internus's tendon (indirectly greater trochanter)
Obturator internus muscle Insertion Medial surface of greater trochanter
Gemellus inferior muscle Insertion Lower edge of Obturator internus's tendon (indirectly greater trochanter)
Quadratus femoris muscle Insertion Intertrochanteric crest
Obturator externus muscle Insertion Trochanteric fossa
Pectineus muscle Insertion Pectineal line
Adductor longus muscle Insertion Medial ridge of linea aspera
Adductor brevis muscle Insertion Medial ridge of linea aspera
Adductor magnus muscle Insertion Medial ridge of linea aspera and the adductor tubercle
Vastus lateralis muscle Origin Greater trochanter and lateral ridge of linea aspera
Vastus intermedius muscle Origin Front and lateral surface of femur
Vastus medialis muscle Origin Distal part of intertrochanteric line and medial ridge of linea aspera
Short head of biceps femoris Origin Lateral ridge of linea aspera
Popliteus muscle Origin Under the lateral epicondyle
Articularis genu muscle Origin Lower 1/4 of anterior femur deep to vastus intermedius
Gastrocnemius muscle Origin Behind the adductor tubercle, over the lateral epicondyle and the popliteal facies
Plantaris muscle Origin Over the lateral condyle
Clinical significance[edit]
Fractures[edit]
Main articles: Hip fracture and femoral fracture
A femoral fracture that involves the femoral head, femoral neck or the shaft of the femur immediately below the lesser trochanter may be classified as a hip fracture, especially when associated with osteoporosis. Femur fractures can be managed in a pre-hospital setting with the use of a traction splint.
Other animals[edit]
Femora of Moa chicks.
See also: Arthropod leg
In primitive tetrapods, the main points of muscle attachment along the femur are the internal trochanter and third trochanter, and a ridge along the ventral surface of the femoral shaft referred to as the adductor crest. The neck of the femur is generally minimal or absent in the most primitive forms, reflecting a simple attachment to the acetabulum. The greater trochanter was present in the extinct archosaurs, as well as in modern birds and mammals, being associated with the loss of the primitive sprawling gait. The lesser trochanter is a unique development of mammals, which lack both the internal and fourth trochanters. The adductor crest is also often absent in mammals or alternatively reduced to a series of creases along the surface of the bone.[10]
Some species of whales,[11] snakes, and other non-walking vertebrates have vestigial femurs.
One of the earliest known vertebrates to have a femur is the eusthenopteron, a prehistoric lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian period.
Structures analogous to the third trochanter are present in mammals, including some primates.[7]
Invertebrates[edit]
In invertebrate zoology the name femur appears in arthropodology. The usage is not homologous with that of vertebrate anatomy; the term "femur" simply has been adopted by analogy and refers, where applicable, to the most proximal of (usually) the two longest jointed segments of the legs of the arthropoda. The two basal segments preceding the femur are the coxa and trochanter. This convention is not followed in carcinology but it applies in arachnology and entomology. In myriapodology another segment, the prefemur, connects the trochanter and femur.
Additional images[edit]
Position of femur (shown in red). Pelvis and patella are shown as semi-transparent.
View from behind.
View from the front.
Long Bone (Femur)
Muscles of thigh. Lateral view.
Muscles of thigh. Cross section.
Distribution forces of the femur
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Femora". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
Jump up ^ "Femora". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 239–241. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7.
Jump up ^ Feldesman, M.R., J.G. Kleckner, and J.K. Lundy. (November 1990). "The femur/stature ratio and estimates of stature in mid-and late-pleistocene fossil hominids". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 83 (3): 359–372. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330830309. PMID 2252082. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Sunderland S (January 1938). "The Quadrate Tubercle of the Femur". J. Anat. 72 (Pt 2): 309–12. PMC 1252427  . PMID 17104699.
Jump up ^ Lozanoff, Scott; Sciulli, Paul W; Schneider, Kim N (December 1985). "Third trochanter incidence and metric trait covariation in the human femur". J Anat. 143: 149–159. PMC 1166433  . PMID 3870721.
^ Jump up to: a b Bolanowski, Wojciech; Śmiszkiewicz-Skwarska, Alicja; Polguj, Michał; Jędrzejewski, Kazimierz S (2005). "The occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation to certain anthropometric parameters of the human femur" (PDF). Folia Morphol. 64 (3): 168–175.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Scott F. "Developmental Biology". 9th ed., 2010
Jump up ^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7.
Jump up ^ Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 204–205. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
Jump up ^ Struthers, John (January 1881). "The Bones, Articulations, and Muscles of the Rudimentary Hind-Limb of the Greenland Right-Whale (Balaena mysticetus)". Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 15 (Pt 2): i1–176. PMC 1310010  . PMID 17231384.
External links[edit]
Media related to Femur at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of Femur at Wiktionary
The dictionary definition of thighbone at Wiktionary
[hide]
v
t
e
Bones of the human leg
Femur
upper extremity
head
fovea
neck
greater trochanter
fossa
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
intertrochanteric crest
quadrate tubercle
shaft
linea aspera
upper medial: merges with intertrochanteric line
upper intermediate: pectineal line
upper lateral: gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter
lower extremity
adductor tubercle
patellar surface
epicondyles
lateral
medial
condyles
lateral
medial
intercondylar fossa
Tibia
upper extremity
Gerdy's tubercle
condyles
lateral
medial
intercondylar area
posterior
anterior
intercondylar eminence
lateral tubercle
medial tubercle
shaft
tuberosity
soleal line
lower extremity
medial malleolus
Anterior colliculus
Posterior colliculus
fibular notch
Fibula
lateral malleolus
Other
patella
apex
Foot
Tarsus
calcaneus
sustentaculum tali
calcaneal tubercle
talus
navicular
cuboid
cuneiform
medial
intermediate
lateral
Metatarsals
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Other
Phalanges
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Femur&oldid=817035690"
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Bones of the lower limb
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Femur
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Yes, Dear
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the 1970s British sitcom, see Yus, My Dear.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Yes, Dear
Title card used in seasons 4 to 6
Created by
Alan Kirschenbaum
Gregory Garcia
Starring
Anthony Clark
Jean Louisa Kelly
Mike O'Malley
Liza Snyder
Opening theme
"Family Is Family" performed and written by Bill Janovitz (seasons 4–6)
Composer(s)
Rick Marotta
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
6
No. of episodes
122 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Alan Kirschenbaum
Gregory Thomas Garcia
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
22 minutes
Production company(s)
Amigos de Garcia Productions
Cherry Tree Entertainment
CBS Productions
20th Century Fox Television
Distributor
20th Television
(US)
CBS Studios International
(non-US)
Release
Original network
CBS
Picture format
4:3 (SD)
16:9 (HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby SR
Original release
October 2, 2000 (2000-10-02) – February 15, 2006 (2006-02-15)
Yes, Dear is an American television sitcom that aired from October 2, 2000, to February 15, 2006, on CBS. It starred Anthony Clark, Jean Louisa Kelly, Mike O'Malley, and Liza Snyder.
Contents
1 Summary
2 Episodes
3 Cast
3.1 Main
3.2 Recurring
4 Production
5 Broadcast and syndication
6 Connection to Raising Hope
7 References
8 External links
Summary[edit]
Much of the show's humor comes from the fact that all four adult leads are largely stock characters. Greg is the stereotypical "nice guy", constantly being henpecked by his high-strung wife. Both the upper-middle-class Warners contrast to the decidedly working-class, less-restrained Hugheses; Jimmy has an oafish personality and Christine is somewhat more crass. From the third season, the show's production and writing staff tried to move away from the stock-character humor, adding more physical comedy to the scripts in an effort to increase ratings.
Greg Warner (Clark) is a motion picture executive, and Kim Warner (Kelly) is a stay-at-home mother to Sammy and, later, Emily. Living in the Warners' guest house are Kim's sister Christine Hughes (Snyder), her husband Jimmy Hughes (O'Malley), and their sons Dominic (Joel Homan) and Logan (Brendon Baerg).
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Yes, Dear episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings
First aired
Last aired
Average viewers
(in millions)
Rank
1 24 October 2, 2000 (2000-10-02) May 14, 2001 (2001-05-14) 13.1[1] #28[1]
2 24 September 24, 2001 (2001-09-24) May 13, 2002 (2002-05-13) 13.9[2] #21[2]
3 24 September 23, 2002 (2002-09-23) May 19, 2003 (2003-05-19) 13.3[3] #25[3]
4 24 September 22, 2003 (2003-09-22) May 24, 2004 (2004-05-24) 10.7[4] #40[4]
5 11 February 16, 2005 (2005-02-16) May 18, 2005 (2005-05-18) 9.2[5] #53[5]
6 15 September 14, 2005 (2005-09-14) February 15, 2006 (2006-02-15) 7.8[6] #85[6]
Cast[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Main[edit]
Anthony Clark as Gregory "Greg" Warner
Jean Louisa Kelly as Kimberly "Kim" Warner (née Ludke)
Mike O'Malley as James "Jimmy" Hughes Jr.
Liza Snyder as Christine Hughes (née Ludke)
Recurring[edit]
Joel Homan as Dominic Hughes (Episodes 3–122)
Anthony and Michael Bain as Sammy Warner
Madison and Marissa Poer as Emily Warner
Tim Conway as Tom Warner
Vicki Lawrence as Natalie Warner
Jerry Van Dyke as James "Big Jimmy" Hughes Sr.
Beth Grant as Kitty Hughes
Dan Hedaya as Don Ludke
Alley Mills as Jenny Ludke
Billy Gardell as Bill Colivita
Phill Lewis as Roy Barr
Brian Doyle-Murray as Mr. George Savitsky
Production[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
CBS announced the cancellation of Yes, Dear in early 2004, but later ordered 13 episodes for mid-season. After canceling Center of the Universe, CBS began airing the new Yes, Dear episodes on Wednesday, February 16, 2005, at 9:30 p.m. EST. CBS ordered an additional season of 22 episodes for the 2005–2006 season, but that order was later cut down to 13.
Broadcast and syndication[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
During the second half of 2004, reruns aired on the cable station TBS at 1:00 p.m. In January 2005, TBS began airing the show at 3:00 p.m. The show aired in local syndication in 2005–06; in the fall of 2006, 20th Television, the syndication subsidiary of 20th Century Fox, took the show out of barter syndication and replaced it with Still Standing. On May 1, 2012, Yes, Dear began airing at 10:00 p.m. (ET/PT) Monday through Friday on Nickelodeon's Nick at Nite. In May 2014, it was removed from the broadcast schedule. On August 1, 2012, CMT began showing reruns of the show weeknights from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. (ET/PT). The show also aired on Nick Jr. as part of their mother-oriented block NickMom. Similar to the Nick@Nite programming block, NickMom airs television series which are not aimed at a children's audience.
As of June 2018 in the United States, reruns of "Yes, Dear" are no longer in syndicated rotation on any network. They were most recently seen on Nick at Nite, Nick Jr. (as part of the NickMom block), and CMT.
Connection to Raising Hope[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 2010, Garcia premiered Raising Hope on Fox. The new show made numerous references since its inception to Garcia's other shows. In season three, episode nineteen, rocker Smokey Floyd (Jason Lee, star of My Name Is Earl) shows up to apologize to Burt as part of his drug rehabilitation, a homage to the list of amends that was the basis of My Name Is Earl. Other Earl cast members aside from Lee also make cameos in this episode including Jamie Pressly and Eddie Steeples. Likewise, there are numerous references and cameos related to Yes, Dear. In season three, episode 16, Brian Doyle-Murray is shown as a Hollywood studio executive, a reference to his role as Mr. Savitsky. The following episode, Jimmy and Christine are featured prominently as characters who have made a habit out of watching the sex tape made by the new show's characters, Virginia and Burt Chance. Dominic and Logan are also referenced in conversation.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "TV Ratings 2000–2001". Retrieved January 9, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "How did your favorite show rate?". USA Today. May 28, 2002. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nielsen's TOP 156 Shows for 2002–03".
^ Jump up to: a b "I. T. R. S. Ranking Report: 01 Thru 210". ABC Medianet. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "Primetime series". The Hollywood Reporter. Nielsen Business Media. May 27, 2005. Archived from the original on August 21, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Season Program Rankings from 09/19/05 through 05/28/06". ABC Medianet. May 28, 2006. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
External links[edit]
Yes, Dear on IMDb
Yes, Dear at TV.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yes,_Dear&oldid=858754334"
Categories:
2000s American sitcoms
2000 American television series debuts
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