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North American Union
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Map showing the theoretical union located in the world map.
The North American Union (NAU) is a theoretical economic and political continental union of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America. The concept is loosely based on the European Union, occasionally including a common currency called the Amero or the North American Dollar. A union of the North American continent, sometimes extending to Central and South America, has been the subject of academic concepts for over a century, as well as becoming a common trope in science fiction. One reason for the difficulty in realizing the concept is that individual developments in each region have failed to prioritize a larger union.
Some form of union has been discussed or proposed in academic, business, and political circles for decades.[1][2][3][4] However, government officials from all three nations say there are no plans to create a North American Union and that no agreement to do so has been signed.[5][6][7] The formation of a North American Union has been the subject of various conspiracy theories.[8][9][10][11]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Claims of implementation
3 Features
3.1 Amero
3.2 NAFTA superhighway
4 Official statements
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Main article: North American integration
Since at least the mid-19th century, numerous concepts for a union among Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, some including the Caribbean, the Central American and the South American countries, have been proposed, such as the North American Technate. Following the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Maastricht Treaty going into effect there was speculation about the formation of a North American Union, similar to the European Union created by Maastricht, being a possible future step for the region.[12][13][14] Several proposals for continental integration of North America advocated the creation of a union styled after the European Union, though many academic and business groups advocated less dramatic changes involving the formation of a customs union or common market.[15][16]
While serving as a policy adviser to the presidential campaign of Vicente Fox during the 2000 general election in Mexico, Jorge Castañeda, influenced by academic Robert Pastor's ideas on deepening integration of NAFTA, encouraged Fox to include policies on integration as part of his campaign.[17] Before and after the election Fox made appearances on several U.S. news programs advocating greater integration including a plan to open up the U.S.-Mexico border within ten years.[18][19] Some in the United States saw this proposal for open borders as a call for or inevitable step towards a "North American Union" and received it with a mixture of praise and criticism, with critics like Pat Buchanan suggesting it would mean an end to U.S. sovereignty.[20][21][22]
During an interview for Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy in 2001, after he was elected president, Fox said that he sought with the United States a "convergence of our two economies, convergence on the basic and fundamental variables of the economy, convergence on rates of interest, convergence on income of people, convergence on salaries." He suggested this might take as long as 20 years to be realized, but the ultimate "convergence" he saw between the United States and Mexico would allow them to "erase that border, open up that border for [the] free flow of products, merchandises, [and] capital as well as people". Fox cited the success he claimed countries Republic of Ireland and Spain had in modernizing their economies and raising the standard of living for their citizens by joining what is now the European Union.[18] Vicente Fox also proposed a plan to U.S. President George W. Bush and Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien that he said would move the North American continent towards an economic union based on the example of the European Union. Fox's proposal was rejected by President Bush, with Fox later alleging in his book Revolution of Hope that the White House wanted him to "stop raising hackles" by talking about a North American Union.[23]
Later, amid a push for greater integration and concerns about the impact of heightened security on trade relations following the September 11 attacks in 2001, an effort was organized in 2003 by the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, U.S. Council on Foreign Relations, and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations called the Independent Task Force on North America.[24] Several weeks before a meeting of North American leaders on March 23, 2005 the Task Force issued a press release and a statement from the Task Force's chairmen calling for deeper integration of NAFTA to form a North American Economic and Security Community by 2010.[25]
A January 2005 diplomatic cable that was released by Wikileaks in 2011 includes discussion by U.S. government officials about the best approach to North American integration based on an assessment of Canadian views. The cable suggested a new "North American Initiative" that would address goals in the areas of "security" and "prosperity" through incremental measures, saying such a proposal would get the most support from Canadian policymakers. It notes many Canadian economists supported "ambitious" goals like a single market, with some supporting a monetary union, but that they believed the incremental approach was more appropriate at the time. Canada's central bank governor is quoted in the cable as having said that a monetary union is "an issue that should be considered once we have made more progress towards establishing a single market."[4] The National Post's Robert Hiltz described the cable in June 2011 as discussing "the obstacles surrounding the merger of the economies of Canada, the United States and Mexico in a fashion similar to the European Union."[3]
Two months later at the March meeting of North American leaders the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) was formed. It was described by the leaders of Canada, Mexico and the United States as a dialogue to provide greater cooperation on security and economic issues.[26] In response to later concerns, a section was put up on the initiative's site clarifying the SPP was not a legal agreement, that the initiative "does not seek to rewrite or renegotiate NAFTA", and that the partnership itself "creates no NAFTA-plus legal status."[27] A number of academics and government officials at the time viewed the SPP as moving North America towards greater integration.[28]
In May 2005, the Task Force published a report praising the SPP initiative and pushing for greater economic integration by 2010.[7] They repeated their call for the "establishment by 2010 of a North American economic and security community, the boundaries of which would be defined by a common external tariff and an outer security perimeter."[29] In the report the Task Force said that a North American Community, which would be similar to the European Community which preceded the EU, should not rely on "grand schemes of confederation or union" and did not suggest a supranational government or a common currency. The Task Force’s recommendations included developing a North American common market and security perimeter, among other common goals.
The SPP initiative was officially ended on August 2009 though the North American Leaders' Summit and most of the working groups set up under the initiative remain active. Several advocates of integration saw the SPP as being insufficient. One criticism was that the governments lacked a "vision of what North America might become" and as such did not provide the proper context that would allow the initiative to deal with barriers to deeper integration.[30]
Claims of implementation[edit]
In 2005, claims emerged from critics of North American integration that a "North American Union" was not only being planned, but was being implemented by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. These critics cited the formation of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America and claimed it was an attempt to dramatically alter the economic and political status quo between the countries outside of the scrutiny of the respective national legislatures, a critique heightened by the subsequent publication of the Independent Task Force on North America report which praised the SPP initiative and called for greater economic integration by 2010.[7]
While a broad spectrum of observers criticize the secrecy of the SPP and its dominance by business groups,[31] the specific claim that its true aim was to expand NAFTA into a North American Union analogous to the European Union (EU), with open borders and a common currency among other features, was being made by the fall of 2006, when conservative commentators Phyllis Schlafly, Jerome Corsi and Howard Phillips started a website dedicated to quashing what they perceived as the coming North American "Socialist mega-state".[11]
The belief that a North American Union was being planned and implemented in secret became widespread, so much so that the NAU was a topic of debate during the 2008 American presidential campaigns and the subject of various U.S. Congressional resolutions[32][33] designed to thwart its implementation. Prominent critics such as Lou Dobbs, then an employee of CNN [34] and Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul[35] denounced the concept, joined by left-wing nationalist groups in Canada,[36] Internet blogs, and widely viewed videos and films such as "Zeitgeist". Corsi’s 2007 book The Late Great USA: The Coming Merger with Mexico and Canada also helped bring the NAU discussion into the mainstream. These beliefs are the latest example of a long line of erroneous conspiracy theories which suggest that the United States’ sovereignty is being eroded by a cabal of foreign and domestic players.[7][11]
Phyllis Schlafly claimed the actual goals of the SPP were confirmed by the Task Force,[37][38] and by the Task Force’s co-chair American University professor Robert Pastor.[39] Critics often cite Pastor as being the “father”[40] of the NAU[11][41] and his 2001 book "Towards a North American Community: Lessons from the Old World for the New" has been called a blueprint[42] for the plan, and includes a suggestion to adopt a common North American currency called the amero.[11][43][44][45]
Various positive comments about a North American Union concept and an eventual common currency for the Americas by Vicente Fox, in particular some made during a promotional tour for a book in 2007, have been cited by critics as evidence that the body is in fact being enacted or planned.[46]
Features[edit]
States, Provinces, Territories, and Districts within North America.
Concepts of a North American Union share a number of common elements between them. NASCO and the SPP have both denied that there are any plans to establish a common currency, a "NAFTA Superhighway", or a North American Union in "Myths vs Facts" pages on their websites.[27][47]
Amero[edit]
Main article: North American monetary union
The "amero" is the appellation given to what would be the North American Union's counterpart to the euro. It was first proposed in 1999 by Canadian economist Herbert G. Grubel.[11] A senior fellow of the Fraser Institute think-tank, he published a book entitled The Case for the Amero[43][44] in September 1999, the year that the euro became a virtual currency. Robert Pastor, vice-chairman of the Independent Task Force on North America, supported Grubel's conclusions in his 2001 book Toward a North American Community, stating that: "In the long term, the amero is in the best interests of all three countries."[48] Another Canadian think-tank, the conservative C.D. Howe Institute, advocates the creation of a shared currency between Canada and the United States.[49] Although then-Mexican President Vicente Fox had expressed support for the idea, when Grubel brought up the idea to American officials, they said they were not interested, citing lack of benefits for the U.S.[11]
Cross border trade costs are likened to that of a tariff roughly equivalent to 170%. Forty-four percent of that "tariff" is attributed to "border related trade barriers" which breaks down as follows, "a 8% policy barrier, a 7% language barrier, a 14% currency barrier (from the use of different currencies), a 6% information cost barrier, and a 3% security barrier."[50] On August 31, 2007, Internet broadcaster and conspiracy theorists Hal Turner and Ace Sabau claimed to have arranged for a United States government minted Amero coin to be smuggled out of the U.S. Treasury Department by an employee of that organization. Snopes has assessed both Turner's story and the existence of the amero as false.[51]
NAFTA superhighway[edit]
Main article: NAFTA superhighway
Interstate 29 and Interstate 35.
The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by Texas Governor Rick Perry in 2002. It consists of a 1,200 foot (366 m) wide highway that also carries utilities such as electricity, petroleum, and water, as well as railway track and fiber-optic cables.[10] In July 2007, U.S. Representative and candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election Duncan Hunter successfully offered an amendment to H.R. 3074, the Department of Transportation Appropriations Act, 2008, prohibiting the use of federal funds for U.S. Department of Transportation participation in the activities of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP). Hunter stated that:
Unfortunately, very little is known about the NAFTA Super Highway. This amendment will provide Congress the opportunity to exercise oversight of the highway, which remains a subject of question and uncertainty, and ensure that our safety and security will not be compromised in order to promote the business interests of our neighbors[52]
The Ministry of Transportation for the province of Alberta displays a diagram on their website that labels I-29 and I-35 as "NAFTA superhighway".[53]
In 2011, the Texas Legislature repealed its authorization for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor.[54][55]
Official statements[edit]
In 2001, President of Mexico Vicente Fox said in an interview for Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy that in the long term he sought with the United States a "convergence of our two economies, convergence on the basic and fundamental variables of the economy, convergence on rates of interest, convergence on income of people, convergence on salaries." He suggested this might take as long as 20 years to be realized, but the ultimate "convergence" he saw between the United States and Mexico would allow them to "erase that border, open up that border for [the] free flow of products, merchandises, [and] capital as well as people".[18] After leaving office, he continued to support the concept, while expressing his disappointment with the changed American political situation which made it seem more difficult to come to fruition.[56] In an online discussion of his book Revolution of Hope: The Life, Faith, and Dreams of A Mexican President Fox cited the process of European integration and asked a question, "Why can't we be not only partners in the long term, but a North American Union?"[57]
In September 2006, U.S. Representative Virgil Goode proposed with six co-sponsors non-binding House Concurrent Resolution 487, which specifically outlined opposition to a North American Union or a NAFTA Superhighway as a threat to U.S. sovereignty. The bill never left committee.[58] The same resolution was reintroduced by Goode in January 2007 for the 110th Congress as House Concurrent Resolution 40, this time with forty-three cosponsors,[59] including 2008 Republican presidential candidates Duncan Hunter, Ron Paul and Tom Tancredo, who have all expressed opposition to a North American Union during their campaigns.[60][61][62]
U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez stated in 2007: "There is no secret plan to create a North American union, or a common currency, or to intrude on the sovereignty of any of the partner nations".[63][64]
Regarding the NAFTA superhighway, officials from the Federal Highway Administration have denied such a scheme.[8] Also, the NASCO denies a new proposal for a "NAFTA superhighway" saying, "it exists today as I-35."[47]
In an August 2007 press conference in Montebello, Quebec, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated that he didn't believe that the NAU was a "generally expressed concern", while U.S. President George W. Bush called concerns of a North American Union "political scare tactics" and described as "comical" the "difference between reality and what some people are talking on TV about."[65]
See also[edit]
Canada–United States relations
Mexico–United States relations
Canada–Mexico relations
Independent Task Force on North America
North American Leaders' Summit
North American Competitiveness Council
North American currency union (Amero)
North American Forum on Integration
North American SuperCorridor Coalition
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Braun, Steven (2007-11-30). "Paul believes in threat of North American superhighway". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
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Jump up ^ Clarkson, Stephen (2008). Does North America exist?: governing the continent after NAFTA and 9/11. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-9653-0.
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Jump up ^ Joint Statement by President Bush, President Fox, and Prime Minister Martin at www.whitehouse.gov
^ Jump up to: a b "SPP Myths vs Facts". Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. Archived from the original on 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
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Jump up ^ "83799$CH2A" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "SPP and the Way Forward for North American Integration" (PDF). Lubin School of Business. March 2006. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
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Jump up ^ A North American United Nations? at www.house.gov
Jump up ^ Call for a Referendum on the SPP at www.canadianactionparty.ca
Jump up ^ "The Plan to Integrate the U.S., Mexico and Canada - July 2005 Phyllis Schlafly Report". Eagleforum.org. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "North American Union: Conspiracy or Coverup?". Eagleforum.org. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Michael Medved Loses His Cool Over North America Union". Human Events. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Meet Robert Pastor: Father of the North American Union". Human Events. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
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^ Jump up to: a b Herbert G. Grubel (1999). "The Case for the Amero: The Economics and Politics of a North American Monetary Union" (PDF). The Fraser Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Herbert G. Grubel (1999). "The Case for the Amero: The Economics and Politics of a North American Monetary Union". The Fraser Institute. Archived from the original on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
Jump up ^ Pastor, Robert. "North America's Second Decade". Foreign Affairs. January/February 2004. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Ex-Mexican prez: 'Amero' on the way". Worldnetdaily.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "NASCO Congressional - Myths vs Facts December 2007" (PDF). North American SuperCorridor Coalition. Retrieved 2007-12-06. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Pastor, Robert (2001). Toward a North American Community: Lessons from the Old World for the New. Washington, D.C.: Peterson Institute. p. 115. ISBN 0-88132-328-4.
Jump up ^ "Canada Should Pursue North American Currency Union" (PDF). C. D. Howe Institute. June 22, 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
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Jump up ^ "H. Con. Res. 487". Legislation of the 109th United States Congress. GovTrack.us. 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2007-12-27. Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada.
Jump up ^ "H. Con. Res. 40". Legislation of the 110th United States Congress. GovTrack.us. 2007-12-09. Retrieved 2007-12-27. Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada.
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External links[edit]
American University's Center for North American Studies (CNAS) educates and promotes policy debates between governments on the North American Region.
Arizona State University's North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) is a center for scholars regarding the trilateral issues in North America.
H. Con. Res. 40: Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada.
United North America is a non-profit organization that advocates the admittance of Canadian provinces into the United States as new states of the Union, however rejects the idea of Mexico being part of the union.
tvtropes - Expanded States Of The Americas
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List of national animals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is incomplete. Please help to improve it, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (June 2017)
This is a list of national animals.
National animals
Country
Name of animal
Scientific name
Pictures
Ref.
Algeria Fennec fox Vulpes zerda [1]
Angola Red-crested turaco (national bird) Tauraco erythrolophus [2]
Anguilla Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita [3]
Antigua and Barbuda Fallow deer (national animal) Dama dama [4]
Frigate (national bird) Fregata magnificens [4]
Hawksbill turtle (national sea creature) Eretmochelys imbricata [4]
Argentina Rufous hornero Furnarius rufus [5]
Australia Red kangaroo (national animal) Macropus rufus [6]
Emu (national bird) Dromaius novaehollandiae [7]
Austria Black eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis [8]
Azerbaijan Karabakh horse Equus ferus caballus [9]
Bangladesh Royal Bengal tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris tigris [10]
Magpie robin (national bird) Copsychus saularis [10]
Ilish (national fish) Tenualosa ilisha [10]
Belarus European bison Bison bonasus [11]
Belgium Lion (heraldic Leo Belgicus) Panthera leo [12]
Belize Baird's tapir (national animal) Tapirus bairdii [11][13]
Keel-billed toucan (national bird) Ramphastos sulfuratus [14]
Bhutan Druk Mythical [15]
Takin Budorcas taxicolor [16]
Brazil Rufous-bellied thrush Turdus rufiventris [17]
Cambodia Kouprey Bos sauveli [18]
Canada North American beaver (sovereignty animal symbol) Castor canadensis [19][20]
Canadian horse (national horse) Equus ferus caballus [20]
China Giant panda (national animal) Ailuropoda melanoleuca [21]
Chinese dragon (national animal) Mythical [22]
Red-crowned crane (national bird) Grus japonensis [23]
Democratic Republic of the Congo Okapi Okapia johnstoni [11]
Colombia Andean condor Vultur gryphus [24]
Costa Rica Yigüirro (national bird) Turdus grayi [25]
White-tailed deer (national animal) Odocoileus virginianus [26]
West Indian manatee (national aquatic animal) Trichechus manatus [27]
Croatia Pine marten Martes martes [28][29]
Cuba Cuban trogon Priotelus temnurus [30][31]
Cyprus Cypriot mouflon Ovis orientalis [32]
Czech Republic Double-tailed lion Mythical [33]
Denmark Mute swan (national bird) Cygnus olor [34]
Small tortoiseshell (national butterfly) Aglais urticae [34]
Egypt Steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis [35]
Estonia Barn swallow (national bird) Hirundo rustica [36]
Eritrea Arabian camel Camelus dromedarius [37]
Ethiopia Lion Panthera leo [38]
Faroe Islands Eurasian oystercatcher (national bird) Haematopus ostralgus [39]
Finland Brown bear (national animal) Ursus arctos [40]
Whooper swan (national bird) Cygnus cygnus [41]
Holly blue (national butterfly) Celastrina argiolus [42]
European perch (national fish) Perca fluviatilis [43]
Seven-spot ladybird (national insect) Coccinella septempunctata [43]
France Gallic rooster Gallus gallus domesticus [44]
Germany Unspecified Eagle Members of Accipitridae [45]
Greece Phoenix Mythical [46][47]
Dolphins Delphinus [48]
Guatemala Quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno [49]
Haiti Hispaniolan Trogan Priotelus roseigaster [50]
Honduras White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus [51]
Hungary Turul Mythical (most probably Falco cherrug) [52]
Iceland Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus [53]
India Bengal tiger (National predator) Panthera tigris tigris [54]
Indian peafowl (National bird) Pavo cristatus [55]
King cobra (National reptile) Ophiophagus hannah [56]
Ganges river dolphin (National aquatic animal) Platanista gangetica gangetica [57]
Indian elephant (National heritage animal) Elephas maximus indicus [58]
Indonesia Komodo dragon (national animal) Varanus komodoensis [59]
Garuda (historic national animal) Mythical [60]
Iran Persian lion Panthera leo persica [46]
Iraq Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar [61]
Goat
( KRG) Capra aegagrus [62]
Israel Hoopoe (national bird) Upupa epops [46]
Jamaica Red-billed streamertail Trochilus polytmus [63]
Japan Green pheasant (national bird) Phasianus versicolor [64]
Carp (national fish) Cyprinus carpio [65]
Latvia White wagtail (national bird) Motacilla alba [66][67]
Two-spotted ladybird (national insect) Adalia bipunctata [67]
Lithuania White stork Ciconia ciconia [68]
Macedonia Lion (in Macedonian heraldry) Panthera leo [69]
Madagascar Zebu (in Malagasy heraldry) Bos primigenius indicus [70]
Ring-tailed lemur (national animal) Lemur catta [71]
Malaysia Malayan tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris jacksoni [72]
Malta Pharaoh Hound (national animal) Canis lupus familiaris [1]
Moldova Aurochs (national animal) Bos primigenius [73]
Mauritius Dodo Raphus cucullatus [11][74][75]
Mexico Golden eagle (national animal) Aquila chrysaetos [76]
Xoloitzcuintli (national dog) Canis lupus familiaris [76]
Jaguar (national mammal) Panthera onca [76]
Grasshopper (national arthropod ) Sphenarium purpurascens [76]
Vaquita (national marine mammal) Phocoena sinus [76]
Nepal Cow (national animal) Bos taurus indicus [77]
Danphe (national bird) Lophophorus impejanus [78]
Netherlands Lion (heraldic symbol) Panthera leo [79]
Black-tailed godwit (national bird) Limosa limosa [80]
New Zealand Kiwi Apteryx sp. [81]
North Korea Chollima Mythical [82][83][84]
Norway Lion (royal national animal) Panthera leo [85]
White-throated dipper (national bird) Cinclus cinclus [86]
Fjord horse (national horse) Equus ferus caballus [87]
Oman Arabian oryx (national animal) Oryx leucoryx [88]
Pakistan Markhor (National animal) Capra falconeri [89]
Indus river dolphin (National aquatic mammal) Platanista indicus minor minor [89]
Chukar (National bird) Alectoris chukar [89]
Indus crocodile (National reptile) Crocodylus palustris [89]
Shaheen falcon (Heritage bird) Falco peregrinus peregrinator [90]
Snow leopard (National predator) Panthera uncia [89]
Panama Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja [11]
Papua New Guinea Dugong (national marine mammal) Dugong dugon [91]
Peru Vicuña (national animal) Vicugna vicugna [92]
Philippines Carabao (national animal) Bubalus bubalis [93]
Philippine eagle (national bird) Pithecophaga jefferyi [94]
Poland White-tailed eagle (national bird) Haliaeetus albicilla [95][96]
White stork (national bird) Ciconia ciconia [97]
European bison (national animal) Bison bonasus [98][99]
Qatar Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx [100]
Romania Lynx Lynx lynx [101]
Russia Eurasian brown bear Ursus arctos arctos [102]
Rwanda Leopard Panthera pardus [103]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent amazon Amazona guildingii [104]
Serbia Wolf Canis lupus lupus [105]
White eagle Mythical [106]
Lynx Lynx lynx [107]
Somalia Leopard (national animal) Panthera pardus [108]
South Africa Springbok (national animal) Antidorcas marsupialis [109]
Blue crane (national bird)[109] Anthropoides paradiseus
Galjoen (national fish)[109] Dichistius capensis
South Korea Siberian tiger Panthera tigris altaica [110]
Korean magpie (national bird) Pica (pica) sericea [110]
Sri Lanka Sri Lankan junglefowl (national bird) Gallus lafayettii [111]
Tanzania Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis [112][113][114]
Thailand Elephant Elephas maximus [115]
United Arab Emirates Arabian oryx (national animal) Oryx leucoryx [116]
Peregrine falcon (national bird) Falco peregrinus [116]
United Kingdom Lion (United Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales) Panthera leo [117][118]
Bulldog (Britain as "British Bulldog") Canis lupus familiaris [119]
Red kite (Wales) Milvus milvus [120]
Unicorn (Scotland) Mythical [46][121][122][123][124]
Y Ddraig Goch (Welsh Dragon Wales) Mythical [120][125]
United States Bald eagle (national bird) Haliaeetus leucocephalus [126][127]
American bison (national mammal) Bison bison [128][129]
Zimbabwe Sable antelope (national animal) Hippotragus niger [130]
African fish eagle (national bird) Haliaeetus vocifer [130]
See also
Animals portal
Lists portal
State animal
List of national birds
Animals as heraldic charges
Floral emblem
National personification
References
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Jump up ^ "Get an impression". visitfaroeislands.com/. Archived from the original on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
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