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Eleanor Rigby
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For other uses, see Eleanor Rigby (disambiguation).
"Eleanor Rigby"
US picture sleeve
Single by the Beatles
from the album Revolver
A-side
"Yellow Submarine" (double A-side)
Released
5 August 1966 (1966-08-05)
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
28–29 April and 6 June 1966
Studio
EMI, London
Genre
Baroque pop,[1] art rock[2]
Length
2:08
Label
Parlophone, Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Lennon–McCartney
Producer(s)
George Martin
The Beatles singles chronology
"Paperback Writer"
(1966) "Eleanor Rigby" / "Yellow Submarine"
(1966) "Strawberry Fields Forever" / "Penny Lane"
(1967)
Music video
"Eleanor Rigby" on YouTube
"Eleanor Rigby" is a song by the Beatles, released on the 1966 album Revolver and as a 45 rpm single. It was written primarily by Paul McCartney, and credited to Lennon–McCartney.[3]
The song continued the transformation of the Beatles from a mainly rock and roll- and pop-oriented act to a more experimental, studio-based band. With a double string quartet arrangement by George Martin and striking lyrics about loneliness, "Eleanor Rigby" broke sharply with popular music conventions, both musically and lyrically.[4] Richie Unterberger of AllMusic cites the band's "singing about the neglected concerns and fates of the elderly" on the song as "just one example of why the Beatles' appeal reached so far beyond the traditional rock audience".[5]
Contents
1 Composition
2 Harmony
3 Historical artefacts
4 Recording
5 Releases
6 Significance
7 Personnel
8 Notable cover versions
9 Charts
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Composition[edit]
Paul McCartney came up with the melody of "Eleanor Rigby" as he experimented with his piano. However, the original name of the protagonist that he chose was not Eleanor Rigby, but Miss Daisy Hawkins.[6] The singer-composer Donovan reported that he heard McCartney play it to him before it was finished, with completely different lyrics.[7] In 1966, McCartney recalled how he got the idea for his song:
I was sitting at the piano when I thought of it. The first few bars just came to me, and I got this name in my head ... "Daisy Hawkins picks up the rice in the church". I don't know why. I couldn't think of much more so I put it away for a day. Then the name "Father McCartney" came to me, and all the lonely people. But I thought that people would think it was supposed to be about my Dad sitting knitting his socks. Dad's a happy lad. So I went through the telephone book and I got the name "McKenzie".[8]
Others believe that "Father McKenzie" refers to "Father" Tommy McKenzie, who was the compere at Northwich Memorial Hall.[9][10]
"Eleanor Rigby"
Problems playing this file? See media help.
McCartney said he came up with the name "Eleanor" from actress Eleanor Bron, who had starred with the Beatles in the film Help!. "Rigby" came from the name of a store in Bristol, "Rigby & Evens Ltd, Wine & Spirit Shippers", which he noticed while seeing his girlfriend of the time, Jane Asher, act in The Happiest Days of Your Life [11]. He recalled in 1984, "I just liked the name. I was looking for a name that sounded natural. 'Eleanor Rigby' sounded natural." However, it has been pointed out that the graveyard of St Peter's Church in Liverpool, where John Lennon and Paul McCartney first met at the Woolton Village garden fete in the afternoon of 6 July 1957, contains the gravestone of an individual called Eleanor Rigby. McCartney conceded he may have been subconsciously influenced by the name on the gravestone.[12] In 2008, however, he appeared to discard this theory. That year, when a birth certificate was sold at auction of a woman named Eleanor Rigby, with seller and buyer believing it belonged to the person referenced in the song, McCartney publicly declared: "Eleanor Rigby is a totally fictitious character that I made up." He added, "If someone wants to spend money buying a document to prove a fictitious character exists, that's fine with me." [13] The real Eleanor Rigby lived a lonely life similar to that of the woman in the song.[14]
McCartney wrote the first verse by himself, and the Beatles finished the song in the music room of John Lennon's home at Kenwood. John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Lennon's childhood friend Pete Shotton all listened to McCartney play his song through and contributed ideas. Harrison came up with the "Ah, look at all the lonely people" hook. Starr contributed the line "writing the words of a sermon that no one will hear" and suggested making "Father McCartney" darn his socks, which McCartney liked. It was then that Shotton suggested that McCartney change the name of the priest, in case listeners mistook the fictional character in the song for McCartney's own father.[15]
The song is often described as a lament for lonely people[16] or a commentary on post-war life in Britain.[17][18]
McCartney could not decide how to end the song, and Shotton finally suggested that the two lonely people come together too late as Father McKenzie conducts Eleanor Rigby's funeral. At the time, Lennon rejected the idea out of hand, but McCartney said nothing and used the idea to finish off the song, later acknowledging Shotton's help.[15]
Lennon was quoted in 1971 as having said that he "wrote a good half of the lyrics or more"[19] and in 1980 claimed that he wrote all but the first verse,[20] but Shotton remembered Lennon's contribution as being "absolutely nil".[21] McCartney said that "John helped me on a few words but I'd put it down 80–20 to me, something like that."[22]
Harmony[edit]
The song is a prominent example of mode mixture, specifically between the Aeolian mode, also known as natural minor, and the Dorian mode. Set in E minor, the song is based on the chord progression Em-C, typical of the Aeolian mode and utilising notes ♭3, ♭6, and ♭7 in this scale. The verse melody is written in Dorian mode, a minor scale with the natural sixth degree.[23] "Eleanor Rigby" opens with a C-major vocal harmony ("Aah, look at all ..."), before shifting to E-minor (on "lonely people"). The Aeolian C-natural note returns later in the verse on the word "dre-eam" (C-B) as the C chord resolves to the tonic Em, giving an urgency to the melody's mood.
The Dorian mode appears with the C# note (6 in the Em scale) at the beginning of the phrase "in the church". The chorus beginning "All the lonely people" involves the viola in a chromatic descent to the 5th; from 7 (D natural on "All the lonely peo-") to 6 (C♯ on "-ple") to ♭6 (C on "they) to 5 (B on "from"). This is said to "add an air of inevitability to the flow of the music (and perhaps to the plight of the characters in the song)".[24]
Historical artefacts[edit]
The gravestone of the "real" Rigby, St Peter's Parish Church, Woolton, August 2008
In the 1980s, a grave of an Eleanor Rigby was "discovered" in the graveyard of St Peter's Parish Church in Woolton, Liverpool, and a few yards away from that, another tombstone with the last name "McKenzie" scrawled across it.[25][26] During their teenage years, McCartney and Lennon spent time sunbathing there, within earshot of where the two had met for the first time during a fete in 1957. Many years later, McCartney stated that the strange coincidence between reality and the lyrics could be a product of his subconscious (cryptomnesia), rather than being a meaningless fluke.[25]
An actual Eleanor Rigby was born on 29 August 1895 and lived in Liverpool, possibly in the suburb of Woolton, where she married a man named Thomas Woods on Boxing Day 1930. She died on 10 October 1939 of a brain haemorrhage at the age of 44 and was buried three days later. Regardless of whether this Eleanor was the inspiration for the song or not, her tombstone has become a landmark to Beatles fans visiting Liverpool. A digitised version was added to the 1995 music video for the Beatles' reunion song "Free as a Bird".
In June 1990, McCartney donated to Sunbeams Music Trust[27] a document dating from 1911 which had been signed by the 16-year-old Eleanor Rigby; this instantly attracted significant international interest from collectors because of the coincidental significance and provenance of the document.[28] The nearly 100-year-old document was sold at auction in November 2008 for £115,000.[29] The Daily Telegraph reported that the uncovered document "is a 97-year-old salary register from Liverpool City Hospital". The name "E. Rigby" is printed on the register, and she is identified as a scullery maid. She also did many things for the Liverpool City Hospital.[clarification needed]
Recording[edit]
The Beatles in 1965
"Eleanor Rigby" does not have a standard pop backing. None of the Beatles played instruments on it, though John Lennon and George Harrison did contribute harmony vocals.[30] Like the earlier song "Yesterday", "Eleanor Rigby" employs a classical string ensemble—in this case an octet of studio musicians, comprising four violins, two violas, and two cellos, all performing a score composed by producer George Martin.[30] Where "Yesterday" is played legato, "Eleanor Rigby" is played mainly in staccato chords with melodic embellishments. McCartney, reluctant to repeat what he had done on Yesterday, explicitly expressed that he did not want the strings to sound too cloying. For the most part, the instruments "double up"—that is, they serve as a single string quartet but with two instruments playing each of the four parts. Microphones were placed close to the instruments to produce a more biting and raw sound. Engineer Geoff Emerick was admonished by the string players saying "You're not supposed to do that." Emerick was starting to develop a reputation at EMI for being a bit of a maverick and not adhering to the strict rules and procedures prescribed by the Recording Handbooks that all staff engineers were required to follow. Fearing such close proximity to their instruments would expose the slightest deficiencies in their technique, the players kept moving their chairs away from the microphones until George Martin got on the talk-back system and scolded "Stop moving the chairs!" Martin recorded two versions, one with and one without vibrato, the latter of which was used. Lennon recalled in 1980 that "Eleanor Rigby" was "Paul's baby, and I helped with the education of the child ... The violin backing was Paul's idea. Jane Asher had turned him on to Vivaldi, and it was very good."[31] The octet was recorded on 28 April 1966, in Studio 2 at Abbey Road Studios; it was completed in Studio 3 on 29 April and on 6 June. Take 15 was selected as the master.[32]
George Martin, in his autobiography All You Need Is Ears, takes credit for combining two of the vocal parts—"Ah! look at all the lonely people" and "All the lonely people"—having noticed that they would work together contrapuntally. He cited the influence of Bernard Herrmann's work on his string scoring. (Originally he cited the score for the film Fahrenheit 451,[33] but this was a mistake as the film was not released until several months after the recording; Martin later stated he was thinking of Herrmann's score for Psycho.)[34]
The original stereo mix had McCartney's voice only in the right channel during the verses, with the string octet mixed to one channel, while the mono single and mono LP featured a more balanced mix. On the Yellow Submarine Songtrack and Love versions, McCartney's voice is centred and the string octet appears in stereo, creating a modern-sounding mix.
Releases[edit]
Simultaneously released on 5 August 1966 on both the album Revolver and on a double A-side single with "Yellow Submarine" on Parlophone in the United Kingdom and Capitol in the United States,[35] "Eleanor Rigby" spent four weeks at number one on the British charts,[30] but in America it only reached #11.[36]
The song was nominated for three Grammys and won the 1966 Grammy for Best Contemporary (R&R) Vocal Performance, Male or Female for McCartney. Thirty years later, a stereo remix of George Martin's isolated string arrangement was released on the Beatles' Anthology 2. A decade after that, a remixed version of the track was included in the 2006 album Love.
It is the second song to appear in the Beatles' 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine. The first is "Yellow Submarine"; it and "Eleanor Rigby" are the only songs in the film which the animated Beatles are not seen to be singing. "Eleanor Rigby" is introduced just before the Liverpool sequence of the film; its poignancy ties in quite well with Ringo Starr (the first member of the group to encounter the submarine), who is represented as quietly bored and depressed. "Compared with my life, Eleanor Rigby's was a gay, mad world."
In 1984, a re-interpretation of the song was included in the film and album Give My Regards to Broad Street, written by and starring McCartney. It segues into a symphonic extension, "Eleanor's Dream."
A fully remixed stereo version of the original "Eleanor Rigby" song was issued in 1999 on the Yellow Submarine Songtrack, with some minor fixes to the vocals.
Significance[edit]
Statue of Eleanor Rigby by Tommy Steele on Stanley Street, Liverpool. A plaque describes: "Dedicated to All the Lonely People"
"Eleanor Rigby" was important in the Beatles' evolution from a pop, live-performance band to a more experimental, studio-orientated band, though the track contains little studio trickery. In a 1967 interview, Pete Townshend of The Who commented, "I think 'Eleanor Rigby' was a very important musical move forward. It certainly inspired me to write and listen to things in that vein."[37]
Though "Eleanor Rigby" was far from the first pop song to deal with death and loneliness, according to Ian MacDonald it "came as quite a shock to pop listeners in 1966".[30] It took a bleak message of depression and desolation, written by a famous pop band, with a sombre, almost funeral-like backing, to the number one spot of the pop charts.[30] The bleak lyrics were not the Beatles' first deviation from love songs, but were some of the most explicit.
In some reference books on classical music, "Eleanor Rigby" is included and considered comparable to art songs (lieder). Classical and theatrical composer Howard Goodall said that the Beatles' works are "a stunning roll-call of sublime melodies that perhaps only Mozart can match in European musical history" and that they "almost single-handedly rescued the Western musical system" from the "plague years of the avant-garde". About "Eleanor Rigby", he said it is "an urban version of a tragic ballad in the Dorian mode".[38]
Celebrated songwriter Jerry Leiber said: "The Beatles are second to none in all departments. I don't think there has ever been a better song written than 'Eleanor Rigby'."[39]
Barry Gibb of the Bee Gees once said that their 1969 song "Melody Fair" was influenced by "Eleanor Rigby".[40]
America's single, "Lonely People", was written by Dan Peek in 1973 as an optimistic response to "Eleanor Rigby."
In 2004, this song was ranked number 138 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[41]
Personnel[edit]
Paul McCartney – lead and harmony vocals
John Lennon – harmony vocal
George Harrison – harmony vocal
Tony Gilbert – violin
Sidney Sax – violin
John Sharpe – violin
Juergen Hess – violin
Stephen Shingles – viola
John Underwood – viola
Derek Simpson – cello
Stephen Lansberry – cello
George Martin – producer, string arrangement
Geoff Emerick – engineer
Personnel per Ian MacDonald[30]
Notable cover versions[edit]
Further information: List of cover versions of Beatles songs
Johnny Mathis recorded his version on his 1967 album Johnny Mathis Sings.
Joan Baez's 1967 version, included on her Joan album, was sung to classical orchestration arranged by Peter Schickele.
Richie Havens included his version of the song on his 1967 debut album Mixed Bag.
Vanilla Fudge also covered the song on their 1967 debut album of the same name.
Ray Charles recorded a version that was released as a single in both the U.S. and the U.K. in 1968. Charles's version entered the U.S. Cash Box chart on 15 June 1968,[42] peaking at No.39 during the weeks of 13 July 1968 & 20 July 1968, and entered the U.K. singles chart on 31 July 1968,[43] peaking at No.36 (week of 7 August 1968) during a 9-week chart run.
Aretha Franklin included an upbeat soulful first person rendition of the song on her 1970 album This Girl's in Love with You; this version has been reworked live in recent years by the Tedeschi Trucks Band.
Metal band Pain recorded their version for their 2001 album Nothing Remains The Same.
Of Monsters and Men recorded their version in 2016 for the Netflix Original Series for kids Beat Bugs.
Chilean band Quilapayún recorded a version in Andean style, released in some editions of their 1978 album Survarío.
American Rock band GodHead recorded a version for their third studio album Power Tool Stigmata, released in 1998.
Charts[edit]
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Chart (1966)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 1[44]
Canadian CHUM Chart 1
US Billboard Hot 100 11
Chart (1986)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 63
UK, starting 11 August 1966:[45] 8-1-1-1-1-3-5-9-18-26-30-33-42
UK, starting 30 August 1986: 63-81
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Stanley, Bob (20 September 2007). "Pop: Baroque and a soft place". The Guardian. London. Film & music section, p. 8. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 138.
Jump up ^ Miles 1997, p. 281.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Michael; Brody, James (2008). Rock and Roll: An Introduction (2nd ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 172–173. ISBN 0-534-64295-0.
Jump up ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Eleanor Rigby - The Beatles". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
Jump up ^ The Beatles interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
Jump up ^ Miles 1997, p. 282.
Jump up ^ Beatles Interview Database 2007.
Jump up ^ Northwich Guardian 2000.
Jump up ^ RR Auction 2007.
Jump up ^ University of Bristol
Jump up ^ Goodman 1984.
Jump up ^ BBC News]
Jump up ^ Price, Richard (22 November 2008). "REVEALED: The haunting life story behind one of pop's most famous songs ... Eleanor Rigby | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Turner 1994, pp. 104–105.
Jump up ^ Time 2010.
Jump up ^ Harris 2004.
Jump up ^ Dewhurst 1970.
Jump up ^ Miles 1997, p. 283.
Jump up ^ Sheff 2000, p. 139.
Jump up ^ Miles 1997, p. 284.
Jump up ^ Miles 1997.
Jump up ^ Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p276.
Jump up ^ Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. pp 333–334
^ Jump up to: a b The Beatles 2000, p. 208.
Jump up ^ Hill 2007.
Jump up ^ Sunbeams Trust 2008.
Jump up ^ Collett-White 2008.
Jump up ^ Meeja 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f MacDonald 2005, pp. 203–205.
Jump up ^ Sheff 2000, p. 140.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 77, 82.
Jump up ^ Pollack 1994.
Jump up ^ Ryan & Kehew 2006.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 200.
Jump up ^ Wallgren 1982, p. 48.
Jump up ^ Wilkerson 2006.
Jump up ^ Goodall 2010.
Jump up ^ Swainson 2000, p. 555.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Andrew. The Bee Gees: Tales of the Brothers Gibb. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone 2007.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100 singles, week ending 15 June 1968". Randy Price. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 50: 31 July 1968 through 6 August 1968". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 50: 18 August 1966 through 24 August 1966". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 50: 11 August 1966 through 17 August 1966". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
References[edit]
"Beatles' Tribute to 'Father McKenzie'". Northwich Guardian. 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2007.
The Beatles (2000). The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco. ISBN 0-8118-2684-8.
"Bel Canto & the Beatles". Time. 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
Clement, Ross (27 September 2000). "Beatles Cover List".
Collett-White, Mike (11 November 2008). "Document with clues to Beatles enigma up for sale". Yahoo News. [permanent dead link]
Dewhurst, Keith (15 April 1970). "The day of the Beatles". guardian.co.uk. London.
"Eleanor Rigby clues go for a song". Meeja. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
Goodall, Howard (2010). "Howard Goodall's 20th Century Greats". Archived from the original on 2 June 2007.
Goodman, Joan (December 1984). "Playboy Interview with Paul McCartney". Playboy.
Harris, John (20 June 2004). "Revolver, The Beatles". The Observer. London.
Hill, Roger (2007). "Gravestone of an "Eleanor Rigby" in the graveyard of St. Peter's Parish Church in Woolton, Liverpool". Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
"Item 934 - Beatles: Father McKenzie". RR Auction. 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2007. [permanent dead link]
Ryan, Kevin; Kehew, Brian (2006). Recording the Beatles. Houston, TX.
Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
MacDonald, Ian (2005). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties (Second Revised ed.). London. ISBN 1-84413-828-3.
Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. New York. ISBN 0-8050-5249-6.
Pollack, Alan W. (13 February 1994). "Notes on "Eleanor Rigby"". Notes on ... Series.
"Revolver: Eleanor Rigby". Beatles Interview Database. 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
Rodriguez, Robert (2012). Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-61713-009-0.
"The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
"Shatner 'breaks' Beatles record". BBC News. 2 May 2003. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
Sheff, David (2000). All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New York. ISBN 0-312-25464-4.
"Sunbeams dinner and auction". Sunbeams Trust. November 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
Swainson, Bill (2000). Encarta Book of Quotations. ISBN 0-312-23000-1.
Turner, Steve (2010). A Hard Day's Write: The Stories Behind Every Beatles Song. New York. ISBN 0-06-084409-4.
Tyrangiel, Josh (24 July 2006). "Tony Bennett's Guide To Intimacy". Time. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
Wallgren, Mark (1982). The Beatles on Record. New York. ISBN 0-671-45682-2.
Wilkerson, Mark (2006). Amazing Journey: The Life of Pete Townshend. ISBN 1-4116-7700-5.
Carlin, Peter (2009). Paul McCartney: a life. ISBN 1-4165-6209-5.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Revolver (Beatles album)
The Eleanor Rigby statue in Liverpool, England
Eleanor Rigby tombstone photo and info
Cover version w/Mandolins & Strings
Manuscript Reveals Clues to Beatles Eleanor Rigby
Biography of the real Eleanor Rigby
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
show
v
t
e
Revolver
Songs
Side one
"Taxman"
"Eleanor Rigby"
"I'm Only Sleeping"
"Love You To"
"Here, There and Everywhere"
"Yellow Submarine"
"She Said She Said"
Side two
"Good Day Sunshine"
"And Your Bird Can Sing"
"For No One"
"Doctor Robert"
"I Want to Tell You"
"Got to Get You into My Life"
"Tomorrow Never Knows"
Non-album single
"Paperback Writer"
"Rain"
Related articles
Yesterday and Today
More popular than Jesus
The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines
The Beatles' 1966 US tour
The Beatles discography
Please Please Me
With the Beatles
A Hard Day's Night
Beatles for Sale
Help!
Rubber Soul
Revolver
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Magical Mystery Tour
The Beatles (White Album)
Yellow Submarine
Abbey Road
Let It Be
Past Masters
show
v
t
e
The Beatles singles discography
UK and US
(all labels)
1963
"Please Please Me" / "Ask Me Why"
"From Me to You" / "Thank You Girl"
"She Loves You" / "I'll Get You"
1964
"Can't Buy Me Love" / "You Can't Do That"
"I Feel Fine" / "She's a Woman"
1965
"Ticket to Ride" / "Yes It Is"
"Help!" / "I'm Down"
"We Can Work It Out" / "Day Tripper"
1966
"Paperback Writer" / "Rain"
"Yellow Submarine" / "Eleanor Rigby"
1967
"Penny Lane" / "Strawberry Fields Forever"
"All You Need Is Love" / "Baby, You're a Rich Man"
"Hello, Goodbye" / "I Am the Walrus"
1968
"Lady Madonna" / "The Inner Light"
"Hey Jude" / "Revolution"
1969
"Get Back" / "Don't Let Me Down"
"The Ballad of John and Yoko" / "Old Brown Shoe"
"Something" / "Come Together"
1970
"Let It Be" / "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)"
1978
"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band/With a Little Help from My Friends" / "A Day in the Life"
1982
"The Beatles Movie Medley" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"
1995
"Free as a Bird" / "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)"
1996
"Real Love" / "Baby's in Black"
UK only
(Parlophone,
Apple)
1962
"My Bonnie" / "The Saints"
"Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You"
1963
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" / "This Boy"
1964
"Ain't She Sweet" / "If You Love Me, Baby"
"A Hard Day's Night" / "Things We Said Today"
1976
"Yesterday" / "I Should Have Known Better"
"Back in the U.S.S.R." / "Twist and Shout"
US only
(Vee-Jay,
Swan,
Tollie,
Capitol,
Apple)
1963
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" / "I Saw Her Standing There"
1964
"Twist and Shout" / "There's a Place"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret" / "Thank You Girl"
"Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You"
"Sie liebt dich" / "I'll Get You"
"I'll Cry Instead" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"
"And I Love Her" / "If I Fell"
"A Hard Day's Night" / "I Should Have Known Better"
"Matchbox" / "Slow Down"
1965
"Eight Days a Week" / "I Don't Want to Spoil the Party"
"Yesterday" / "Act Naturally"
1966
"Nowhere Man" / "What Goes On"
1970
"The Long and Winding Road" / "For You Blue"
1976
"Got to Get You into My Life" / "Helter Skelter"
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "Julia"
Other
countries
(Odeon,
Parlophone,
Apple)
1963
"All My Loving" / "This Boy" (Canada)
1964
"Komm, gib mir deine Hand / Sie liebt dich" (Germany)
1965
"Rock and Roll Music" / "I'm a Loser" (Europe, Australia)
1966
"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" / "Nowhere Man" (Australia)
"Michelle" / "Girl" (Europe)
1968
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (Europe, Japan, Australia)
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "I Will" (Philippines)
"Back in the U.S.S.R." / "Don't Pass Me By" (Sweden)
1969
"You're Going to Lose That Girl" / "Tell Me What You See" (Japan)
1970
"Oh! Darling" / "Here Comes the Sun" (Japan)
1972
"All Together Now" / "Hey Bulldog" (Europe)
1978
"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band/With a Little Help from My Friends" / "Within You Without You" (Germany)
show
v
t
e
Aretha Franklin
Studio albums
Columbia
Aretha (1961)
The Electrifying Aretha Franklin (1962)
The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin (1962)
Laughing on the Outside (1963)
Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington (1964)
Runnin' Out of Fools (1964)
Yeah!!! (1965)
Soul Sister (1966)
Take It Like You Give It (1967)
Take a Look (1967)
Soft and Beautiful (1969)
Atlantic
I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You (1967)
Aretha Arrives (1967)
Lady Soul (1968)
Aretha Now (1968)
Soul '69 (1969)
This Girl's in Love with You (1970)
Spirit in the Dark (1970)
Young, Gifted and Black (1972)
Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky) (1973)
Let Me in Your Life (1974)
With Everything I Feel in Me (1974)
You (1975)
Sparkle (1976)
Sweet Passion (1977)
Almighty Fire (1978)
La Diva (1979)
A Brand New Me (2017)
Arista
Aretha (1980)
Love All the Hurt Away (1981)
Jump to It (1982)
Get It Right (1983)
Who's Zoomin' Who? (1985)
Aretha (1986)
Through the Storm (1989)
What You See Is What You Sweat (1991)
A Rose Is Still a Rose (1998)
So Damn Happy (2003)
Other
Songs of Faith (1956)
This Christmas, Aretha (2008)
Aretha: A Woman Falling Out of Love (2011)
Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics (2014)
Live albums
Aretha in Paris (1968)
Aretha Live at Fillmore West (1971)
Amazing Grace (1972)
One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism (1987)
Oh Me Oh My: Aretha Live in Philly, 1972 (2007)
Compilation albums
Aretha's Gold (1969)
Aretha's Greatest Hits (1971)
The Best of Aretha Franklin (1973)
Aretha Sings the Blues (1980)
30 Greatest Hits (1985)
Greatest Hits: 1980–1994 (1994)
The Very Best of Aretha Franklin, Vol. 1 (1994)
The Early Years (1997)
Greatest Hits (1998)
Aretha's Best (2001)
Rare & Unreleased Recordings from the Golden Reign of the Queen of Soul (2007)
Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen (2007)
A Deeper Love: The Best of Aretha Franklin (2009)
The Great American Songbook (2011)
Knew You Were Waiting: The Best of Aretha Franklin (1980-1998) (2012)
Box sets
Queen of Soul: The Atlantic Recordings (1992/2014)
Take A Look: Aretha Franklin Complete on Columbia (2011)
Singles
"Precious Lord (Part 1)" (1959)
"Today I Sing the Blues" (1960)
"Won't Be Long" (1960)
"Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody" (1961)
"Operation Heartbreak" (1961)
"I Surrender, Dear" (1962)
"Try a Little Tenderness" (1962)
"Say It Isn't So" (1963)
"Skylark" (1963)
"The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)" (1964)
"One Step Ahead" (1965)
"You Made Me Love You" (1965)
"Mockingbird" (1967)
"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" (1967)
"Respect" (1967)
"Baby I Love You" (1967)
"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" (1967)
"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man"
"Chain of Fools" (1967)
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1968)
"(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone" (1968)
"Think" (1968)
"You Send Me" (1968)
"The House That Jack Built" (1968)
"I Say a Little Prayer" (1968)
"See Saw" (1968)
"My Song" (1968)
"The Weight" (1969)
"Tracks of My Tears" (1969)
"I Can't See Myself Leaving You" (1969)
"Gentle on My Mind" (1969)
"Share Your Love with Me" (1969)
"Eleanor Rigby" (1969)
"Call Me" (1970)
"Son of a Preacher Man" (1970)
"Spirit in the Dark" (1970)
"The Thrill Is Gone" (1970)
"Don't Play That Song" (1970)
"Border Song (Holy Moses)" (1970)
"You're All I Need to Get By" (1971)
"Bridge over Troubled Water" (1971)
"Spanish Harlem" (1971)
"Rock Steady" (1971)
"Day Dreaming" (1972)
"Wholy Holy" (1972)
"Angel" (1973)
"Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" (1973)
"I'm in Love" (1974)
"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" (1974)
"Something He Can Feel" (1976)
"Break It to Me Gently" (1977)
"What a Fool Believes" (1981)
"It's My Turn" (1981)
"Jump to It" (1982)
"Get It Right" (1983)
"Freeway of Love" (1985)
"Who's Zoomin' Who" (1985)
"Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves" (1985)
"Jumpin' Jack Flash" (1986)
"Jimmy Lee" (1986)
"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" (1987)
"Oh Happy Day" (1988)
"Gimme Your Love" (1989)
"It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be" (1989)
"Everyday People" (1991)
"Someday We'll All Be Free" (1992)
"A Deeper Love" (1993)
"A Rose Is Still a Rose" (1998)
"Here We Go Again" (1998)
"Put You Up on Game" (2007)
"Angels We Have Heard on High" (2009)
"Rolling in the Deep (The Aretha Version)" (2014)
Related topics
Discography
Awards and nominations
"Wood Beez (Pray Like Aretha Franklin)" (by Scritti Politti)
Book
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Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Thailand
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Map showing the provinces of Thailand affected
Thailand was one of the countries that was hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Due to proximity of the Andaman coasts of Thailand situated just approximately 500 km east of the earthquake epicentre, the tsunami took just 2 hours to reach and strike the western coastline of the country. The Thai government reported 4,812[1] confirmed deaths, 8,457[1] injuries, and 4,499[1] missing after the country was hit by a tsunami caused by the Indian Ocean earthquake on the 26 of December 2004. The Thai authorities estimate that at least 8,150 are likely to have died compared to 230.000 to 280.000 that died in Aceh, Indonesia.
The first location where the tsunami was noticed was on the Similan Islands, a famous diving site located about 70 km from Phang Nga town in Pha Nga province or 13 km from central Khao Lak. The sea around these islands when the tsunami struck was reported to have strong currents and divers underwater felt as though they were in a washing machine. Some flooding also occurred inland, though no casualties were reported. The popular tourist resort of Phuket was badly hit. Some 250 people were reported dead, including tourists. The tsunami struck the west coast of Phuket island, flooding and causing damage to almost all the major beaches such as Patong, Karon, Kamala, and Kata beach. The smaller but increasingly popular resort area of Khao Lak some 80 km north of Phuket was hit far worse with 3,950 confirmed deaths, however, the death toll in Khao Lak may have exceeded 4,500. The severity of the situation in Khao Lak is probably explained by the fact, that unlike the high-rise hotels of Phuket, the village of Khao Lak only had low built bungalows instead of high-rise concrete hotels. There was no warning of the first wave so people had no idea it was coming. These days, Thailand is better prepared for tsunamis as they are 2 hours away from being hit again if there is a new tsunami. Khao Lak also has an extensive area of flatland only a few meters above the sea level, on which most bungalows were situated. Khao Lak experienced the highest run-up of any tsunami wave height of any location outside Sumatra. Due to the topography of the seabed, coastline and reefs offshore, the tsunami waves piled on top of themselves and in doing so, create the infamous ' disappearing sea effect ' which enticed many tourists to their deaths. This effect is also known as the tsunami drawback. Bhumi Jensen, grandson of Bhumibol Adulyadej ( HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej ) was among those killed in Khao Lak. Hundreds of holiday tourists on the Phi Phi Islands were washed out to sea. Tuk-tuk drivers were quick to offer assistance, driving victims to hospitals, higher grounds and away from the surging waters. The nearby Ko Lanta Yai, however, wasn't afflicted as badly. At some places in Phuket and Phang Nga provinces, elephants were used to move and lift heavy wreckage to search for victims and to clear roads. These included six male Indian elephants which had previously been used in making the movie Alexander. On a beach in Thailand, a man was leading an elephant to entertain tourists, when the tsunami came. The elephant's natural instinct to flee the sea saved the life of a young girl who was upon his back.
Official figures as of 7 January 2005
Province Thai deaths Foreign deaths Total deaths Thai injured Foreign injured Total injured Missing
Krabi 288 188 476 808 568 1,376 890
Phang Nga 1,950 2,213 4,163 4,344 1,253 5,597 2,113
Phuket 154 105 259 591 520 1,111 700
Ranong 167 2 169 215 31 246 12
Satun 6 0 6 15 0 15 0
Trang 3 2 5 92 20 112 1
Total 2,568 2,510 5,078 6,065 2,392 8,457 3,716
Source: Bangkok Post. The "total deaths" and "total injured" categories include dead and injured persons whose nationality is not given or has not been established. The number of "foreign injured" has been reduced by evacuations of foreign nationals. Thai sources acknowledge that the great majority of those listed as "missing" are in fact dead, and that a large majority of these are foreigners.
An article in the Bangkok Post on 10 January suggested that some of the figures in this table may be seriously misleading. According to this article, the estimated number of deaths among Thai nationals has been reduced from about 2,500 to about 1,800, and the estimated number of deaths among foreigners has been reduced from 2,500 to 1,300. The number of deaths whose nationality has not been established has risen correspondingly, from less than 200 to about 2,100. This is due to increasing doubts about the reliability of the classification on the basis of visual identification of badly decomposed bodies into "Thai" and "foreign" categories. All bodies of unknown origin will now be DNA tested to determine their ethnic origin.
Impact[edit]
Approximate maximum of tsunami waters at Kata Noi Beach, Phuket, Thailand (3rd tsunami wave).
Regular sea level at Kata Noi beach.
The economic impact of the tsunami on Thailand was considerable, though not as great as in poorer countries such as Indonesia or Sri Lanka. Thailand of mild econism has a liberalised, flexible and robust economy, which has shown powers of rapid recuperation after previous setbacks. The sectors most badly damaged have been tourism and fishing. The beach resorts along the Andaman Sea coast have been extensively damaged. Many Thai-owned hotels and other small businesses have been ruined, and the Thai government provided large amounts of capital to enable the recovery of the private sector.
Infrastructure in general was, predictably, severely damaged, though much has been gleaned from surveying the aftermath. Reinforced concrete power poles are normally the standard in countries with high seismic risk. Addition of the tsunami's waves and associated debris demonstrated their weakness to shearing at the base. There were revelations about the height of these poles, too – the (up to) 10 meter waves submerged the shorter, older poles. And high-density polyethylene piping was found to perform exceptionally well: as roads crumbled, the subterranean flexible pipelines formed new contours and rarely separated.[2]
The confidence of European tourists in travelling to places such as Phuket also took some time to recover, which is one reason why Thailand has strongly backed the installed tsunami warning system. Thousands of Thais dependent on tourism-related industries have lost their jobs, not just in the south but also in the poorest part of Thailand, Isan in the north-east, where many workers in the tourism industry come from. By 12 January some of the affected resorts in the south had re-opened, and the Thai government had begun an advertising campaign to bring visitors back to the area as quickly as possible, though everyone knew it would be quite a while before Thailand was in a state of normalcy, professionals guessed around ten years.
The fishing industry has been damaged by the extensive destruction of fishing boats and tackle, which individual fishing families couldn't afford to replace, particularly since many have lost their homes as well. According to one report, more than 500 fishing boats and ten trawlers have been destroyed, as well as many piers, and free willy and fish-processing facilities. Again, grants or loans from the government have been essential to enable the industry to re-equip itself.
A further problem was the public aversion in Thailand to eating locally caught fish, for fear that the fish have fed on human dead bodies which were swept out to sea by the tsunami[citation needed]. Thais found this possibility offensive both on health grounds and for religious reasons. Fish product distributors refused to buy fish and crustaceans from Andaman Sea ports, and preferred to buy from Gulf of Thailand ports or even from Malaysia or Vietnam, so that they could assure consumers that there was no possibility of such contamination. As a result, even those fishing families who were able to fish were unable to sell their catch. The Director-General of the World Health Organisation, Dr Lee Jong-Wook, went on Thai television to say that he was eating fish every day.
In the long run the tsunami disaster has brought considerable benefits to Thailand, especially the southern tourist areas. European governments have pledged large sums of money to rebuild infrastructure and to fund new schools and orphanages for the Thai communities affected, as a gesture of thanks for the assistance given to their citizens by the Thai people. The destruction of many second-rate structures along the beaches have provided opportunities to rebuild popular tourist areas such as Patong Beach at Phuket in a more aesthetically and environmentally suitable way.
Thailand held legislative elections on 6 February, and the tsunami disaster has been drawn into the election campaign. Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has accused the former Democratic Party of Thailand government of Chuan Leekpai of ignoring warnings in 1998 of the possible risk of a tsunami affecting Thailand. His allegations have been supported by the former head of the Meteorological Department, Smith Tumsaroch. Democratic Party politicians said that Smith has failed to produce any evidence for his warnings at the time, and accused Thaksin of politicising the tsunami tragedy.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-01-12. Retrieved 2005-01-12.
Jump up ^ Carl Strand, John Masek, ed. (2007). Sumata-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004. ISBN 9780784409510. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013.
External links[edit]
Photos before the destruction of Koh Phi Phi Island
[rom Phuket at the time of the disaster]
Regional humanitarian situation due to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
India | Indonesia | Malaysia | Maldives | Myanmar | Somalia | Sri Lanka | Thailand
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Effect_of_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_on_Thailand&oldid=813577322"
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2004 in Thailand
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