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Chivalry of a Failed Knight
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Chivalry of a Failed Knight
Cover of volume 1 (light novel), featuring Stella Vermillion
落第騎士の英雄譚 (キャバルリィ)
(Rakudai Kishi no Kyabarurii)
Genre
Action, Fantasy, Romance
Light novel
Written by
Riku Misora
Illustrated by
Won
Published by
SB Creative
Demographic
Male
Imprint
GA Bunko
Original run
July 15, 2013 – present
Volumes
14
Manga
Written by
Riku Misora
Illustrated by
Megumi Soramichi
Published by
Square Enix
Demographic
Shōnen
Magazine
Gangan Online
Original run
April 2014 – December 2017
Volumes
8
Anime television series
Directed by
Shin Ōnuma
Jin Tamamura
Written by
Shogo Yasukawa
Music by
Kōtarō Nakagawa
Studio
Silver Link
Nexus
Licensed by
AUS
Madman Entertainment
NA
Sentai Filmworks
Original network
AT-X, Tokyo MX, TVA, SUN, BS11
Original run
October 3, 2015 – December 19, 2015
Episodes
12[1] (List of episodes)
Anime and Manga portal
Chivalry of a Failed Knight (Japanese: 落第騎士の英雄譚 (キャバルリィ), Hepburn: Rakudai Kishi no Kyabarurii, lit. The Heroic Tales of the Failure Knight) is a Japanese light novel series written by Riku Misora and illustrated by Won. The story is set in a fantasy world where the titular failed knight Ikki Kurogane meets Stella Vermillion who is considered a genius. The two make up for each other's weaknesses and form a relationship while training to become great knights. The first volume was released on July 15, 2013. An anime adaptation aired from October 3 to December 19, 2015.
The series has been well-received. Since 2015, the light novels is one of the top selling series in Japan with 1.8 million copies sold as of February 2017. English reviewers had mixed to positive reviews for the anime adaptation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Characters
3 Production
4 Media
4.1 Print
4.2 Light Novels
4.3 Anime
5 Reception
6 Works cited
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The story is set in an Alternate Earth world where humans called "Blazers" have supernatural abilities. These Blazers can materialize weapons known as "Device" which are made through a person's soul. At Hagun Academy (破軍学園, Hagun Gakuen), Blazers are selected as representatives for the Seven Star Sword Art Festival, an annual tournament event held by the seven Mage Knight Academies in Japan to determine the strongest Apprentice Knight. Hagun's performance ranking in the festival is falling and academy director Kurono Shinguji is determined to find a solution. Ikki Kurogane is the academy's F-Rank Blazer and is considered "The Worst One" for his low magical abilities, but Stella Vermillion, the princess of the European country Vermillion, is one of the top A-Rank Blazers.
On Stella's first day at Hagun, she is arranged to share a room with Ikki as a transfer student of the academy. When Ikki inadvertently discovers Stella half-dressed, he is challenged to duel where the loser has to be obedient to the winner for life. She ends up losing the duel, but they agree to become roommates. The series follows their adventures as they train to qualify as the school's representatives for the festival.
Characters[edit]
Ikki Kurogane (黒鉄 一輝, Kurogane Ikki)
Voiced by: Ryōta Ōsaka[2] (Japanese); Clint Bickham[3] (English)
Ikki is an F-Rank Blazer who is widely known as the Worst One (落第騎士 (ワーストワン), Wāsuto Wan). A member of the distinguished Kurogane Family, Ikki was subjected to ill treatment from his own family since childhood; however, his great-grandfather, Ryoma Kurogane, a legendary Blazer and hero, encouraged Ikki to never give up and become strong, after which he continued to work hard on his craft. Due to his family's influence on the school coupled with less-than-average grades (due to his low magical abilities), he was forced to repeat a year; however, when the school administration changed, along with the academic standards, Ikki was able to more fully participate, with the condition that he would be unable to graduate if he failed at the Seven Star tournament or even failed to qualify. He relies on learning his opponents' skills and tactics, a technique called "Blade Steal". His Device is Intetsu and his Noble Art is Ittō Shura (一刀修羅), where he pushes his skills and abilities beyond what the human body would limit. At the start of the series, he is challenged by Stella in a duel where the loser has to obey the winner. Although he wins the duel, his main order is that he and Stella become roommates and get along.LN 1 ch. 1 After defeating his past-year rival, Shizuya Kirihara, Ikki gets a new nickname, Another One (無冠の剣王 (アナザーワン), Anazāwan). Although he attracts the affections of many girls,LN 1 ch. 2 he and Stella eventually develop a relationship. Despite vicious interference from Kurogane family members, Ikki qualifies as a Hagun Academy representative and he and Stella become engaged.Ch. 31
Stella Vermillion (ステラ・ヴァーミリオン, Sutera Vāmirion)
Voiced by: Shizuka Ishigami[2] (Japanese); Luci Christian[3] (English)
The main heroine of the series, Stella is a red-haired A-Rank Blazer who is considered to be a once-in-a-decade genius. Her Device is Laevateinn and her Noble Art is Katharterio Salamandra (天壌焼き焦がす竜王の焔 (カルサリティオ・サラマンドラ), Karusaritio Saramandora). The second princess of the Vermillion Kingdom (a small European country), Stella could not control her own powers as a child and was badly burned each time she tried to use them. Through her effort, she eventually mastered her own power and is widely regarded as a genius by those around her. Not wanting to become conceited, Stella then decided to transfer to Japan. At the start of the story, she challenges Ikki to a duel where the loser must obey the winner, but she loses. Although they agree to be roommates, Stella feels it is her noble's obligation to treat him as a master.LN 1 ch 1 She is immediately jealous of other girls being affectionate towards Ikki,Ch. 3-5 and over the course of the series, she falls in love with Ikki. They eventually become a couple and get engaged after both she and Ikki qualify for the Seven Star tournament.Ch. 31
Shizuku Kurogane (黒鉄 珠雫, Kurogane Shizuku)
Voiced by: Nao Tōyama[2] (Japanese); Juliet Simmons[4] (English)
Ikki's younger sister who is extremely obsessed with him.Ch. 4 She has white hair, unlike her brother, who has black hair. Nicknamed Lorelei (深海の魔女 (ローレライ), Rōrerai), a B-Rank Blazer who excels in magic control. Her Device is Yoishigure and her Noble Arts include are Shōha Suiren (障波水蓮), Water Prison Orb (水牢弾, Suirōdan), Hisuijin (緋水刃).Ch. 4 and Aoiro Rinna (青色輪廻). Shizuku hates her family for their treatment of Ikki and generally dislikes holding the family name.Ch. 5 She initially disapproved of Ikki's relationship with Stella, but eventually accepted her and decided to take it upon herself to teach Stella about being a bride of the Kurogane family, though she still made up her own restricting rules. Originally, she was an odds-on favorite to qualify as a Hagun Academy representative to the Seven Star tournament, but is eliminated during the qualifying matches.
Nagi Arisuin (有栖院凪, Arisuin Nagi)
Voiced by: Shintarō Asanuma[2] (Japanese); Chris Patton[4] (English)
Nagi is a first year student, and the roommate of Shizuku. He describes himself as "a maiden trapped in the body of a man", being very knowledgeable of make-up and fashion. He has very effeminate features, having soft eyes, girlish lips and dark hair. He has the nickname of Black Sonia, being a D-Rank knight, that can control shadows. His Device is a dagger called Darkness Hermit and his Noble Arts are Shadow Bind (影縫い), Shadow Walk (日陰道] and Shadow Spot. Nagi is a very nice person, though he does sometimes tease others. He is a good friend of Shizuku, who opens up to him. He is later revealed to be an assassin of the terrorist organization Rebellion and a member of the Akatsuki, who infiltrated Hagun Academy. He had a dark past, being an orphan who lost his friend Yuuri, and was taken into Rebellion by Wallenstein. In Chapter 36, he attacked Newspaper Club member Kagamin and stole her research when she started to uncover evidence of the existence of Akatsuki. However, he turned against Rebellion, due to his friendship with Shizuku.
Ayase Ayatsuji (綾辻 絢瀬, Ayatsuji Ayase)
Voiced by: Yū Kobayashi[2] (Japanese); Chelsea Ryan McCurdy[4] (English)
A third-year student of Hagun Academy and the daughter of a famous swordsman named Kaito Ayatsuji. Ayase approaches Ikki and asks for his guidance to improve her swordsmanship.[5] Two years prior to the current story, her father fought against Kuraudo, a Blazer from Tonrou Academy, with their dojo on the line and ended up in a coma with the dojo being taken over by Kuraudo. After this event, Ayase constantly challenged Kuraudo, but to no avail. She hoped to enter the Seven Star Sword Art Festival to have a chance to get the dojo back to the point where she was willing to use any means possible, even cheating, to win. In her qualifying match against Ikki, who had been teaching her swordsmanship and by that time considered her a friend, she secretly rigged the arena to ensure her victory, but Ikki, who suspected her intentions, not only refused to expose her cheating but also defeated her.Ch. 17 Later, he defeated Kuraudo at the dojo to regain its ownership for Ayase.Ch. 19 Ayase confessed her cheating to the school authorities, earning her a suspension and elimination from Seven Star Sword Art Festival contention, and her father emerged from his coma.Ch. 20
Toka Todo (東堂刀華, Tōdō Tōka)
Voiced by: Hisako Kanemoto[2] (Japanese); Stephanie Wittels[4] (English)
Tohka is a third year student, the president of the Hagun student council, and the strongest student of the school, being one of the 4 strongest student knights in Japan. She has long light brown hair and wears glasses. She has the nickname Raikiri, and is a B-rank knight with the ability to manipulate lightning.[5] Her Device is a katana named Narukami and her Noble Arts are Raikiri (雷切), Reverse Sight (閃理眼), Shippu Jinrai (疾風迅雷) and Takemikazuchi. She is a nice person, caring a lot about others. She was raised in an orphanage, due to her parents having died to an illness. She is famed for her Noble Art Raikiri, which is a slash powered by lightning, that is believed to be invincible.
Itsuki Kurogane (黒鉄 巌, Kurogane Itsuki)
Voiced by: Shō Hayami (Japanese); David Matranga[4] (English)
The chief of the International Mage Knight Federation - Japan branch. Ikki and Shizuku's father. Cares more for the prestige of the Kurogane family than for his children's actual welfare and well-being.[5]
Ouma Kurogane (黒鉄 王馬, Kurogane Ōma)
Ikki's older brother. He is a member of Akatsuki. His alias is Kaze no kentei (風の剣帝). He is ranked A.[5] Ouma has little interest in anything besides fighting strong opponents to test the limits of his strength. His younger brother, Ikki, described Ouma as an incredibly stoic person who is only interested in becoming stronger.
"Twin-Wings" Edelweiss (エーデルワイス, Ēderuwaisu)
The top-ranking Blazer in the world. Edelweiss is a criminal whose capture has been given up on due to her immense strength.[5] She is also one of the few Desperado (or Majin) in the world. She has taken an interest in Ikki Kurogane after their first fight, telling Kurono Shinguuji to tell Ikki to become a worthy opponent for next time they meet.
Yuta Moroboshi (諸星 雄大, Moroboshi Yūta)
A blond haired guy with a black hairband. He is a third-year student and crowned Sword King in the 61st Seven Stars Festival.[5]
Shizuya Kirihara (桐原 静矢, Kirihara Shizuya)
Voiced by: Yoshitsugu Matsuoka[2] (Japanese); Blake Shepard[4] (English)
Kirihara is a second-years student. His nickname is the Hunter, and is a popular C-Rank knight. His Device is a bow called Oborotsuki, and his Noble Arts are Area Invisibility (狩人の森) and Million Rain (驟雨烈光閃). He is an arrogant person, who bullied Ikki during his first year. He was defeated and humiliated by Ikki.
Kuraudo Kurashiki (倉敷 蔵人, Kurashiki Kuraudo)
Voiced by: Yoshimasa Hosoya[2] (Japanese); Andrew Love[4] (English)
The ace of Tonrō Academy. A C-Rank Blazer nicknamed the Sword Eater (剣士殺し (ソードイーター), Sōdo Ītā) due to having defeated many swordsmen. He was in the top 8 at the previous years Seven Star Battle Festival. When Ikki defeats him, he returns the dojo ownership to Ayase's family.
Renren Tomaru (兎丸恋々, Tomaru Renren)
Voiced by: M·A·O[2] (Japanese); Tiffany Grant[4] (English)
Renren is a second-year student and the general affairs manager of the student council. She has short hair and is rather short. Nicknamed Runner's High, and is C-Ranked, having the ability to accumulate her own acceleration.She is the third strongest student of Hagun Academy.
Utakata Misogi (御祓 泡沫, Misogi Utakata)
Voiced by: Megumi Han[2] (Japanese); Kalin Coates[4] (English)
Utakata is a third-year student and the vice-president of the student council. He is a small boy with white hair. His nickname is Fifty-Fifty, a D-Rank knight. His Noble Art is Black Box, which lets him alter the outcomes of events through probability. He is very playful, and an old friend of Tohka and Kanata.
The vice president of the Hagun Academy Student Council. He is Tōka and Kanata's childhood friend.
Kanata Totokubara (貴徳原カナタ, Totokubara Kanata)
Voiced by: Yōko Hikasa[2] (Japanese); Shelley Calene-Black[4] (English)
Kanata is a third-year student, and the treasurer of the student council, who is considered the second strongest student of Hagun Academy. She has long blonde hair, and wears a long white dress. She is nicknamed Scharlach Frau, and is a B-Ranked Knight, being able to turn her rapier Device into diamonds which she can control. Kanata is also an old friend of Tohka and Utakata.
Production[edit]
After winning an award for his previous light novel series Danzai no Exceed, Riku Misora decided to write a sport-related novel in the vein of Akamitsu Awamura's Mugen no Linkage.[6]
Media[edit]
Print[edit]
The original release of the series was in light novel format which was written by Riku Misora, and illustrated by Won. Chivalry of a Failed Knight has been published by SB Creative's GA Bunko imprint since July 16, 2013. The series was later adapted into a serial which was illustrated by Megumu Soramichi, and appeared in the monthly manga magazine Monthly Shonen Gangan starting in 2014.[7] Eight volumes have been collected into tankōbon format which have been released from December 12, 2014 to the present. So far thirty-five chapters have been serialized in the magazine.[8][9]
Light Novels[edit]
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
1
July 13, 2013[10] ISBN 978-4-7973-7468-1
2
October 15, 2013[11] ISBN 978-4-7973-7548-0
3
January 15, 2014[12] ISBN 978-4-7973-7641-8
4
April 15, 2014[13] ISBN 978-4-7973-7720-0
5
August 12, 2014[14] ISBN 978-4-7973-7754-5
6
December 15, 2014[15] ISBN 978-4-7973-8031-6
7
May 15, 2015[16] ISBN 978-4-7973-8352-2
8
October 15, 2015[17] ISBN 978-4-7973-8470-3
9
December 15, 2015[18] ISBN 978-4-7973-8514-4
10
April 15, 2016[19] ISBN 978-4-7973-8731-5
11
January 14, 2017[20] ISBN 978-4-7973-8943-2
12
April 15, 2017[21] ISBN 978-4-7973-9198-5
13
October 13, 2017[22] ISBN 978-4-7973-9317-0
14
April 12, 2018[23] ISBN 978-4-7973-9586-0
Anime[edit]
Main article: List of Chivalry of a Failed Knight episodes
An anime adaptation was announced in March 2015.[24][25] Produced by Silver Link and Nexus, the series ran on AT-X from October 3 to December 19, 2015 in Japan for 12 episodes; the episodes were later released by Media Factory through six DVD and Blu-ray volumes.[26][27][28] Sentai Filmworks licensed the anime in September 2015 for digital and home media release in North America. The series was simulcast only on Hulu though as it aired in Japan.[29][30] It is scheduled to be released on DVD and Blu-ray in North America on June 13, 2017.[31]
Reception[edit]
The light novels have been well received. According to Japanese light novel news website LN News, the series had 1.2 million copies sold as of February 2017.[32] Oricon ranked Chivalry of a Failed Knight as the 29th and 17th top-selling light novel series in November 2015 and May 2016, respectively.[33][34] In addition, its anime adaptation also appeared on top-selling charts.[35]
Anime News Network had six editors review the first episode of the anime adaptation:[36] Lynzee Loveridge compared the series to The Asterisk War and while she considered the Chivalry characters to be more likeable, she was critical of the blended in CG artwork and considered Stella's becoming Ikki's servant to be "cringe-worthy"; Nick Creamer expressed criticism towards the episode and called it a "concentrated capsule of hoary clichés"; Hope Chapman called the episode's plot "soul-suckingly lame" and considered Asterisk as a much nicer series; Rebecca Silverman wrote that the first episode's plot was already done by Asterisk and Lance N' Masques and while she praises Stella for some initial character development, she says this gets lost with her "tsundere ranting"; and Zac Bertschy said that the anime is "a total waste of [the viewer's] time, but it serves a purpose, however unintentional.". The sixth reviewer, Theron Martin, agreed that "formulaic and generic" wouldn't be wrong ways to describe the story and he also praised Stella's underlying motivations. Martin concluded that while the series has potential, it needs to find "fresher angles" to stand out from other similar storylines.[36] Silverman reviewed the anime's future episodes;[37] she called the final episode "a triumphant one in terms of Ikki's battle against his own insecurities, his place at school, and his relationship with Stella", and would later go on to say that she was "pretty happy with this ending and [she] wouldn't be sad if another season materialized somewhere along the way."[38]
Works cited[edit]
^ "LN" is shortened form for light novel and refers to a volume number of the Chivalry of a Failed Knight light novels.
^ "Ep." is shortened form for episode and refers to an episode of the Chivalry of a Failed Knight anime.
^ "Ch." and "Vol." is shortened form for chapter and refers to a chapter number of the Chivalry of a Failed Knight manga.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Aria Double A, Rakudai Kishi no Cavalry, Valkyrie Drive -Mermaid- Listed With 12 Episodes". Anime News Network. September 28, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "TVアニメ 落第騎士の英雄譚 公式サイト". www.ittoshura.com. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Chivalry of a Failed Knight Dual Cast Reveal: Ikki and Stella (YouTube). Sentai Filmworks. May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j https://www.fandompost.com/2017/05/06/full-chivalry-of-a-failed-knight-anime-dub-cast-revealed/
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "GA文庫｜「落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）」特設ページ". ga.sbcr.jp. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Afterword of the first light novel volume
Jump up ^ ""Chivalry of a Failed Knight" Series Reaches 1 Million Print Run". Crunchyroll. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
Jump up ^ "落第騎士の英雄譚《キャバルリィ》(1)". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "最新話はこちら Latest chapter" (in Japanese). ganganonline.com. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ） [Chivalry of a Failed Knight]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）2 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 2]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）3 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 3]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）4 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 4]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）5 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 5]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）6 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 6]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）7 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 7]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）8 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 8]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）9 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 9]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）10 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 10]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）11 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 11]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）12 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 12]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）13 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 13]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ 落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）14 [Chivalry of a Failed Knight 14]. SB Creative (in Japanese). Retrieved April 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "GA文庫『落第騎士の英雄譚（キャバルリィ）』がアニメ化決定＆ティザービジュアルを公開！" (in Japanese). Animatetimes. March 10, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "『ハンドレッド』『最弱無敗の神装機竜』アニメ化決定＆『落第騎士の英雄譚』新キービジュアルが公開された「GA文庫10周年アニバーサリーフェスタ！」公式レポートが到着！" (in Japanese). Animatetimes. May 10, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "作品情報（シリーズ） – 落第騎士の 英雄譚[キャバルリィ]A TALE OF WORST ONE" [Work information (series) – Chivalry of a Failed Knight – A Tale of Worst One]. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Japan: Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chris Beveridge (March 19, 2016). "Fifth 'A Chivalry of a Failed Knight' Anime DVD/BD Cover Artwork Revealed". The Fandom Post. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Chivalry of the Failed Knight Light Novels Get Anime". Anime News Network. March 9, 2015. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sentai Filmworks Acquires Chivalry of a Failed Knight Anime". Anime News Network. September 29, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chivalry of a Failed Knight to Simulcast Exclusively on Hulu" (Press release). Houston, Texas: Sentai Filmworks. October 2, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sentai Filmworks Official June 2017 Slate" (Press release). Houston, Texas: Sentai Filmworks. February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ライトノベルのシリーズ累計発行部数一覧" (in Japanese). LN News. February 13, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top-Selling Light Novels in Japan by Series: 2015". Anime News Network. November 29, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top-Selling Light Novels in Japan by Series: 2016 (First Half)". Anime News Network. May 29, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation Blu-ray Disc Ranking, May 23–29". Anime News Network. May 31, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chivalry of a Failed Knight - The Fall 2015 Anime Preview Guide". Anime News Network. October 3, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Silverman, Rebecca (October 18, 2015). "Chivalry of a Failed Knight". Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Silverman, Rebecca (December 19, 2015). "Episode 12 - Chivalry of a Failed Knight". Retrieved May 11, 2017.
External links[edit]
Rakudai Kishi no Cavalry at GA Bunko (in Japanese)
Rakudai Kishi no Cavalry official manga website (in Japanese)
Rakudai Kishi no Cavalry official anime website (in Japanese)
Chivalry of a Failed Knight (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
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Township (New Jersey)
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A township, in the context of New Jersey local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. As a political entity, a township in New Jersey is a full-fledged municipality, on par with any town, city, borough, or village, collecting property taxes and providing services such as maintaining roads, garbage collection, water, sewer, schools, police and fire protection. The Township form of local government is used by 27% of New Jersey municipalities; however, slightly over 50% of the state's population resides within them.
Townships in New Jersey differ from townships elsewhere in the United States. In many states, townships can be an intermediate form of government, between county government and municipalities that are subordinate parts of the township, with different government responsibilities allocated at each level. In New Jersey, there are no subordinate municipalities located within a township, as a New Jersey township is a form of municipal government within a county, equal in status to a village, town, borough, or city, all of which may coexist within a county.
Municipalities in New Jersey may be classified into one of five types, of which townships are one. Townships may retain the township form of government, or adopt one of the modern forms of government, which are not restricted to a particular type of municipality. In New Jersey, a municipality's name (such as X Township) is not necessarily an indication of its form of government.
In New Jersey, the township form of government consists of a three to five member township committee usually elected at-large in partisan elections. At its organization meeting, held after an election, the committee selects one of its elected members to serve as mayor and preside at meetings. The other members of the township committee serve as commissioners of various township departments, overseeing the work of those areas along with overall legislative issues. Some mayors in this form of government also oversee specific departments. The mayor in this form of government is primarily ceremonial and has the same power as other township committee members. The mayor does hold the powers vested in all mayors under state law. One township committee member is elected deputy mayor each year. Some towns with this form of government rotate the mayor's office each year, while others elect the same mayor for 2-3 years in a row.
On road signs, township is often abbreviated TWP or Twp. Some official documents abbreviate it as "Twsp."
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
Historically, a variety of legislation has been passed by the state legislature that has defined and refined the township form of municipal government:
The Township Act of 1798 was the first state legislation to incorporate municipalities. The government defined was a form of direct democracy, similar to the New England town meeting, in which the vote was available to all white males, at least 21 years old, who were citizens of New Jersey, and residents of the township for at least six months; and who paid taxes in the township, or who owned land, or rented a home in the township for a rent of at least five dollars a year. A group of five freeholders was elected to one-year terms on the Township Committee, which was responsible to oversee the expenditure of revenue in between town meetings.
The Township Act of 1899 abolished the town meeting and strengthened the role of the Township Committee, which was initially set at three and amended to allow for expansion to five members. Members were elected for staggered three-year terms.
The Home Rule Act of 1917 legally defined the term "municipality" and recognized five types of government: borough, township, city, town, and village and granted each equal legal standing.
The Township Act of 1989 simplified the much-amended Act of 1899. It retains a three or five member township committee serving staggered terms, whose members are generally elected at-large. The committee elects a mayor from among its members to serve a one-year term. Partisan elections are allowed under this law. Voters may initiate a referendum to change the membership to consist of either 3 or 5 members. While many township committees directly supervise the operation of their municipality, the revised act allows the committee to delegate all or a portion of its responsibilities to an appointed municipal administrator.
A number of municipalities changed to the Township type, or the Township form of government, between 1979 and 1982.[1] A federal law, The State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 provided funding to the states to be divided between state and municipal governments. In 1981, states were removed from the program and the law was amended to provide direct grants to the most popular form of local government in the United States - townships.[1] In Essex County alone, 11 municipal governments changed their form or name to take advantage of the program.[1]
See also[edit]
New Jersey portal
Township
Township (United States)
List of townships in New Jersey
List of municipalities in New Jersey
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Karcher, Alan J. (1998). New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-8135-2566-2.
External links[edit]
New Jersey State League of Municipalities
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Wireless telegraphy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A US Army Signal Corps radio operator in 1943 in New Guinea transmitting by radiotelegraphy
Wireless telegraphy is the transmission of electric telegraphy signals without wires (wirelessly). The term is used synonymously for radio communication systems, also called radiotelegraphy, which transmit telegraph signals by radio waves. When the term originated in the late 19th century it also applied to other types of experimental wireless telegraph communication technologies, such as conduction and induction telegraphy.[1][2] Radio telegraphy often used manually-sent Morse code; radioteletype (RTTY) always uses mechanically generated and recorded characters.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 History of development
2.1 Ground, water, and air conduction
2.2 Electrostatic and electromagnetic induction
2.3 Electromagnetic wave (radio)
3 Gallery
4 See also
5 References and notes
6 Further reading
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Amateur radio operator transmitting Morse code
Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraph, commonly called CW (continuous wave) telegraphy is a radio transmission system where the operator opens and closes a switch to interrupt a continuously transmitted wave. This results “dots” and “dashes” that can be used to transmit Morse code.
Although this type of communication has been mostly replaced since its introduction over 100 years ago by other means of communication it is still used by amateur radio operators as well as some military services[3]. A CW coastal station, KSM, still exists in California, run primarily as a museum by volunteers,[4] and occasional contacts with ships are made. Radio beacons, particularly in the aviation service, but also as "placeholders" for commercial ship-to-shore systems, also transmit Morse but at very slow speeds. The US Federal Communications Commission issues a lifetime commercial Radiotelegraph Operator License. This requires passing a simple written test on regulations, a more complex written exam on technology, and demonstrating Morse reception at 20 words per minute plain language and 16 wpm code groups. (Credit is given for amateur extra class licenses earned under the old 20 wpm requirement.)[5] Wireless telegraphy is still used widely today by amateur radio hobbyists where it is commonly referred to as radio telegraphy, continuous wave, or just CW. However, its knowledge is not required to obtain any class of amateur license.
Continuous wave (CW) radiotelegraphy is regulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as emission type A1A.
History of development[edit]
This section may stray from the topic of the article. Please help improve this section or discuss this issue on the talk page. (January 2016)
Further information: History of telecommunication
Ground, water, and air conduction[edit]
A number of wireless electrical signaling schemes based on the (sometimes erroneous) idea that electric currents could be conducted long range through water, ground, and air were investigated for telegraphy before practical radio systems became available.
The original telegraph used two wires between two stations to form a complete electrical circuit or "loop." In 1837, however, Carl August von Steinheil of Munich, Germany, found that by connecting one leg of the apparatus at each station to metal plates buried in the ground, he could eliminate one wire and use a single wire for telegraphic communication. This led to speculation that it might be possible to eliminate both wires and therefore transmit telegraph signals through the ground without any wires connecting the stations. Other attempts were made to send the electric current through bodies of water, in order to span rivers, for example. Prominent experimenters along these lines included Samuel F. B. Morse in the United States and James Bowman Lindsay in Great Britain, who in August 1854, was able to demonstrate transmission across a mill dam at a distance of 500 yards (457 metres).[6]
Tesla's explanation in the 1919 issue of "Electrical Experimenter" on how he thought his wireless system would work
US inventors William Henry Ward (1871) and Mahlon Loomis (1872) developed an electrical conduction systems based on the erroneous belief that there was an electrified atmospheric stratum accessible at low altitude.[7][8] They thought atmosphere current, connected with a return path using "Earth currents"' would allow for wireless telegraphy as well as supply power for the telegraph, doing away with artificial batteries.[9][10] A more practical demonstration of wireless transmission via conduction came in Amos Dolbear's 1879 magneto electric telephone that used ground conduction to transmit over a distance of a quarter of a mile.[11]
In the 1890s inventor Nikola Tesla's worked on an air and ground conduction wireless electric power transmission system, similar to Loomis',[12][13][14] which he planned to include wireless telegraphy. Tesla's experiments had led him to incorrectly conclude that he could use the entire globe of the Earth to conduct electrical energy[15][11] and his 1901 large scale application of his ideas, a high-voltage wireless power station, now called Wardenclyffe Tower, lost funding and was abandoned after a few years.
Telegraphic communication using earth conductivity was eventually found to be limited to impractically short distances, as was communication conducted through water, or between trenches during World War I.
Electrostatic and electromagnetic induction[edit]
Thomas Edison's 1891 patent for a ship-to-shore wireless telegraph that used electrostatic induction
Both electrostatic and electromagnetic induction were used to develop wireless telegraph systems that saw limited commercial application. In the United States, Thomas Edison, in the mid-1880s, patented an electromagnetic induction system he called "grasshopper telegraphy", which allowed telegraphic signals to jump the short distance between a running train and telegraph wires running parallel to the tracks.[16] This system was successful technically but not economically, as there turned out to be little interest by train travelers in the use of an on-board telegraph service. During the Great Blizzard of 1888, this system was used to send and receive wireless messages from trains buried in snowdrifts. The disabled trains were able to maintain communications via their Edison induction wireless telegraph systems,[17] perhaps the first successful use of wireless telegraphy to send distress calls. Edison would also help to patent a ship-to-shore communication system based on electrostatic induction.[18]
The most successful creator of an electromagnetic induction telegraph system was William Preece in the United Kingdom. Beginning with tests across the Bristol Channel in 1892, Preece was able to telegraph across gaps of about 5 kilometres (3.1 miles). However, his induction system required extensive lengths of antenna wires, many kilometers long, at both the sending and receiving ends. The length of those sending and receiving wires needed to be about the same length as the width of the water or land to be spanned. For example, for Preece's station to span the English Channel from Dover, England, to the coast of France would require sending and receiving wires of about 30 miles (48 kilometres) along the two coasts. These facts made the system impractical on ships, boats, and ordinary islands, which are much smaller than Great Britain or Greenland. In addition, the relatively short distances that a practical Preece system could span meant that it had few advantages over underwater telegraph cables.
Electromagnetic wave (radio)[edit]
Main article: Invention of radio
Muirhead Morse inker. Apparatus similar to that used by Marconi in 1897
Post Office Engineers inspect Marconi's equipment on Flat Holm, May 1897
Over several years starting in 1894, the Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi worked on adapting the newly discovered phenomenon of radio waves to communication, turning what was essentially a laboratory experiment up to that point into a useful communication system,[19][20] building the first wireless telegraphy system using them.[21] After Marconi sent wireless telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901, the system began being used for regular communication including ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship comuntication[22]
With this development wireless telegraphy came to mean Morse code transmitted by radio waves. The first radio transmitters, primitive spark gap transmitters used until World War 1, could not transmit voice (audio signals). Instead, the operator would tap out the text message on a telegraph key, which turned the transmitter on and off, producing short ("dot") and long ("dash") pulses of radio waves, groups of which comprised the letters and other symbols of the Morse code. At the receiver, the signals could be heard as musical "beeps" in the earphones by the receiving operator, who would translate the code back into text. By 1910, communication by what had been called "Hertzian waves" was being universally referred to as "radio",[23] and the term wireless telegraphy has been largely replaced by the more modern term "radiotelegraphy".
The International Radiotelegraph Union was unofficially established at first International Radiotelegraph Convention in 1906, and was merged into the International Telecommunication Union in 1932.[24] When the United States entered World War I, private radiotelegraphy stations were prohibited, which put an end to several pioneers' work in this field. By the 1920s, there was a worldwide network of commercial and government radiotelegraphic stations, plus extensive use of radiotelegraphy by ships for both commercial purposes and passenger messages. The transmission of sound (radiotelephony) began to displace wireless telegraphy by the 1920s for many applications, making possible radio broadcasting. Wireless telegraphy continued to be used for private person-to-person business, governmental, and military communication, such as telegrams and diplomatic communications, and evolved into radioteletype networks. The ultimate implementation of wireless telegraphy was telex, using radio signals, which was developed in the 1930s and was for many years the only reliable form of communication between many distant countries. The most advanced standard, CCITT R.44, automated both routing and encoding of messages by short wave transmissions.
Today, due to more modern text transmission methods, Morse code radiotelegraphy for commercial use has become obsolete. On shipboard the computer and satellite linked GMDSS system has largely replaced Morse as a means of communication.
Gallery[edit]
Guglielmo Marconi, the father of radio based wireless telegraphy, in 1901, with one of his first wireless transmitters (right) and receivers (left)
German troops erecting a wireless field telegraph station during World War I
German officers and troops manning a wireless field telegraph station during World War I
See also[edit]
AT&T Corporation originally American Telephone and Telegraph Company
Electrical telegraph
Imperial Wireless Chain
References and notes[edit]
General
American Institute of Electrical Engineers. (1908). "Wireless Telephony — By R. A. Fessenden (Illustrated.)", Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. New York: American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
Citations
Jump up ^ Maver, William Jr. (1903). American Telegraphy and Encyclopedia of the Telegraph: Systems, Apparatus, Operation. New York: Maver Publishing Co. p. 333.
Jump up ^ Steuart, William Mott; et al. (1906). Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs 1902. Washington D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. pp. 118–119.
Jump up ^ Morse code training in the Air Force
Jump up ^ Coast Station KSM
Jump up ^ TITLE 47—Telecommunication CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL PART 13—COMMERCIAL RADIO OPERATORS
Jump up ^ Fahie, J. J., A History of Wireless Telegraphy, 1838-1899, 1899, p. 29.
Jump up ^ Christopher Cooper, The Truth About Tesla: The Myth of the Lone Genius in the History of Innovation, Race Point Publishing - 2015, page 154, 165
Jump up ^ Theodore S. Rappaport, Brian D. Woerner, Jeffrey H. Reed, Wireless Personal Communications: Trends and Challenges, Springer Science & Business Media - 2012, pages 211-215
Jump up ^ Christopher Cooper, The Truth About Tesla: The Myth of the Lone Genius in the History of Innovation, Race Point Publishing - 2015, page 154
Jump up ^ THOMAS H. WHITE, section 21, MAHLON LOOMIS
^ Jump up to: a b Christopher Cooper, The Truth About Tesla: The Myth of the Lone Genius in the History of Innovation, Race Point Publishing - 2015, page 165
Jump up ^ Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute - Volume 78 - Page 87
Jump up ^ W. Bernard Carlson, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age, Princeton University Press - 2013, page H-45
Jump up ^ Marc J. Seifer, Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla : Biography of a Genius, Citadel Press - 1996, page 107
Jump up ^ Carlson, W. Bernard (2013). Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age. Princeton University Press. p. 301. ISBN 1400846552
Jump up ^ (U.S. Patent 465,971, Means for Transmitting Signals Electrically, US 465971 A, 1891
Jump up ^ "Defied the storm's worst-communication always kept up by 'train telegraphy,'" New York Times, March 17, 1888, page 8. Proquest Historical Newspapers (subscription). Retrieved February 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ Christopher H. Sterling, Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set, Routledge - 2004, page 833
Jump up ^ Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates. ABC-CLIO. 2009. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-313-34743-6.
Jump up ^ Mulvihill, Mary (2003). Ingenious Ireland: A County-by-County Exploration of the Mysteries and Marvels of the Ingenious Irish. Simon and Schuster. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-684-02094-5.
Jump up ^ Icons of invention: the makers of the modern world from Gutenberg to Gates. ABC-CLIO. Retrieved 07-08-2011. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Marconi at Mizen Head Visitor Centre Ireland Visitor Attractions". Mizenhead.net. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
Jump up ^ earlyradiohistory.us, UNITED STATES EARLY RADIO HISTORY THOMAS H. WHITE, s e c t i o n 22, Word Origins-Radio
Jump up ^ ICAO and the International Telecommunication Union - ICAO official website
Further reading[edit]
Listed by date [latest to earliest]
Sarkar, T. K., & Baker, D. C. (2006). History of wireless. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
Hugh G. J. Aitken, Syntony and Spark: the Origins of Radio, ISBN 0-471-01816-3. 1976.
Elliot N. Sivowitch, A Technological Survey of Broadcasting’s Pre-History, Journal of Broadcasting, 15:1-20 (Winter 1970-71).
Colby, F. M., Williams, T., & Wade, H. T. (1930). "Wireless Telegraphy", The New international encyclopaedia. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co.
"Wireless telegraphy", The Encyclopædia Britannica. (1922). London: Encyclopædia Britannica.
Stanley, R. (1919). Text-book on wireless telegraphy. London: Longmans, Green
Miessner, B. F. (1916). Radiodynamics: The wireless control of torpedoes and other mechanisms. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co
Thompson, S. P. (1915). Elementary lessons in electricity and magnetism. New York: Macmillan.
Stanley, R. (1914). Text book on wireless telegraphy. London: Longmans, Green.
Ashley, C. G., & Hayward, C. B. (1912). Wireless telegraphy and wireless telephony: an understandable presentation of the science of wireless transmission of intelligence. Chicago: American School of Correspondence.
Massie, W. W., & Underhill, C. R. (1911). Wireless telegraphy and telephony popularly explained. New York: D. Van Nostrand.
Captain S.S. Robison(1911). Developments in Wireless Telegraphy. International marine engineering, Volume 16. Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co.
Bottone, S. R. (1910). Wireless telegraphy and Hertzian waves. London: Whittaker & Co.
Erskine-Murray, J. (1909). A handbook of wireless telegraphy: its theory and practice, for the use of electrical engineers, students, and operators. New York: Van Nostrand.
Twining, H. L. V., & Dubilier, W. (1909). Wireless telegraphy and high frequency electricity; a manual containing detailed information for the construction of transformers, wireless telegraph and high frequency apparatus, with chapters on their theory and operation. Los Angeles, Cal: The author.
The New Physics and Its Evolution. Chapter VII: A Chapter in the History of Science: Wireless telegraphy by Lucien Poincaré, eBook #15207, released February 28, 2005. [originally, published: New York, D. Appleton and Company. 1909].
Fleming, J. A. (1908). The principles of electric wave telegraphy. London: New York and Co.
Simmons, H. H. (1908). "Wireless telegraphy", Outlines of electrical engineering. London: Cassell and Co.
Murray, J. E. (1907). A handbook of wireless telegraphy. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co.; [etc.].
Mazzotto, D., & Bottone, S. R. (1906). Wireless telegraphy and telephony. London: Whittaker & Co.
Collins, A. F. (1905). Wireless telegraphy; its history, theory and practice. New York: McGraw Pub.
Sewall, C. H. (1904). Wireless telegraphy: its origins, development, inventions, and apparatus. New York: D. Van Nostrand.
Trevert, E. (1904). The A.B.C. of wireless telegraphy; a plain treatise on Hertzian wave signaling; embracing theory, methods of operation, and how to build various pieces of the apparatus employed. Lynn, Mass: Bubier Pub.
Fahie, J. J. (1900). A history of wireless telegraphy, 1838-1899: including some bare-wire proposals for subaqueous telegraphs. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons.
Telegraphing across space, Electric wave method. The Electrical engineer. (1884). London: Biggs & Co.
American Institute of Electrical Engineers. (1884). Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. New York: American Institute of Electrical Engineers. (ed., Contains Radio Telephony — By E. B. Craft and E. H. Colpitts (Illustrated). Page 305)
External links[edit]
John Joseph Fahie, A History of Wireless Telegraphy, 1838-1899: including some bare-wire proposals for subaqueous telegraphs, 1899 (first edition).
John Joseph Fahie, A History of Wireless Telegraphy: including some bare-wire proposals for subaqueous telegraphs, 1901 (second edition).
John Joseph Fahie, A History of Wireless Telegraphy: including some bare-wire proposals for subaqueous telegraphs, 1901 (second edition, in HTML format).
Alfred Thomas Story, The Story of Wireless Telegraphy, 1904 [1]
James Bowman Lindsay A short biography on his efforts on electric lamps and telegraphy.
Sparks Telegraph Key Review
Principles of Radiotelegraphy (1919)
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Walking Down Canal Street
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Walking Down Canal Street" is a drinking song from Roaring Twenties New York.
There are variations and additional impromptu verses.
Max Hunter collected a version of this song from Charles Varley on January 19, 1967, in Hope, Arkansas (See here). This recording is now at on the Southern Missouri State University website online archive of the Max Hunter Collection.
In 2015, the rugby team at the University of Mary Washington was dissolved indefinitely after a recording of team members singing a version of the song was publicized.[1]
Lyrics[edit]
Each line is usually first sung by the lead singer, then repeated by the group.
Walking down Canal street
Knocking on every door
Goddamn son of a bitch
I couldn't find a whore
I finally found a whore
She was tall and thin
Goddamn son of a bitch
I couldn't get it in
I finally got it in
Worked it all about
Goddamn son of a bitch
I couldn't get it out
I finally got it out
It was wet and sore
The moral of this story is
To never fuck a whore
Six weeks later
I went for a piss
Goddamn son of a bitch
She gave me syphilis!
Nine months later
I'd forgotten what I did
Goddamn son of a bitch
She brought me home a kid!
Various dialectical versions exist such as the Scottish version:
Walking along canal street
Knockin' on every door
Goddamn son of a bitch
I couldnae find a whore
I finally found a whore
She was short and fat
Goddamn son of a bitch
I'm no fucking that!
I found anither whore
She was tall and thin
Goddamn son of a bitch
I couldnae get it in
I finally got it in
Wiggled it aboot
Goddamn son of a bitch
I couldnae get it oot
I finally got it oot
It was red and sore
The moral of this story is
To never fuck a whore
Six weeks later
I went for a pish
Goddamn son of a bitch
She gave me syphilis!
Nine months later
I'd forgotten what I did
Goddamn son of a bitch
She brought me home a kid!
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ryan, Erin Gloria (2015-03-23). "Entire College Rugby Team Suspended Over Recorded 'Fuck a Whore' Chant". Jezebel. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
Sources[edit]
Randolf, Vance and G. Legman (editor). Roll Me In Your Arms. "Walking Down Canal Street" on pg. 561.
Doug Clark and the Hot Nuts. Rush Week [LP]. ND (ca 1965). Song is titled "Canal Street".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walking_Down_Canal_Street&oldid=722895386"
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