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American entry into Canada by land
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Cars approaching Canada border at White Rock, BC in Canada from Blaine, WA in the U.S.
U.S. citizens and permanent residents entering Canada by land are required to possess the requisite documentation, and to meet other criteria before they are allowed entry into Canada. Consequently, travelers must also meet the requirements for re-entering the U.S. at the end of their visit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Visitor entry into Canada
2 Documentation
2.1 Enhanced driver's licenses
2.2 NEXUS/FAST
2.3 United States permanent residents
2.4 Minors 16 and under
2.5 Documentation for vehicles
3 Visas and admissibility
3.1 Inadmissibility
3.1.1 Grounds for inadmissibility
3.1.2 Avoiding inadmissibility
3.1.3 Criminal inadmissibility
3.1.3.1 Rehabilitation
3.1.3.2 Temporary resident permits
3.1.3.3 Inadmissible family member
3.1.3.4 Offenses committed as a minor
3.2 Policies
3.2.1 Importation of firearms
3.2.2 Items requiring declaration
3.2.3 Prohibited items
3.3 Handling disagreements
3.3.1 Appeals
3.4 Business visits
4 Return entry into the U.S.
4.1 Documentation
4.2 Searches
4.3 Policies
5 Expedited entry
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Visitor entry into Canada[edit]
Entry into Canada is solely determined by Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officials in accordance with Canadian law.[1] Visitors are required to have the necessary travel documentation and be in good health.[2] If asked, they must satisfy an immigration officer of ties to their country of origin, such as a job, home, and family.[2] They must also satisfy the officer that they will leave Canada at the end of their visit.[2] Additionally, they must have sufficient money for their stay,[2] and all items belonging to an individual, including the vehicle the individual may be traveling in, are subject to search by the CBSA.[citation needed]
Documentation[edit]
Canadian law requires that all persons entering Canada must carry proof of both citizenship and identity.[1] A valid U.S. passport[1] or passport card[1] is preferred, although a birth certificate, naturalization certificate, citizenship certificate, or another document proving U.S. nationality, together with a government-issued photo ID (such as a driver's license) are acceptable to establish identity and nationality.[3] However, the documents required to return to the United States can be more restrictive (for example, a birth certificate and photo ID are insufficient) – see the section below on Return entry into the U.S.
Enhanced driver's licenses[edit]
An enhanced driver's license (EDL), currently issued by the states of Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington, is specifically designed to meet the requirements of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) to re-enter the United States via a land or water border. An EDL will also suffice as proof of identity and citizenship for American citizens entering Canada by road.[4]
NEXUS/FAST[edit]
NEXUS is a joint U S./Canadian program for pre-approved, low-risk travelers and requires an extensive background check and face to face interview with border officials of both nations. FAST (Free and Secure Trade) is the equivalent for international truck drivers. Membership in either program can expedite border clearance through the use of dedicated lanes.
United States permanent residents[edit]
United States permanent residents are required to show their Permanent Resident Card (green card). No passport or visa is required.[4]
Minors 16 and under[edit]
Children under 16 need only present proof of U.S. citizenship.[1] Nevertheless, it is recommended that identification for children be carried anyway.[5] Any person under 18 traveling alone requires a letter from a parent or guardian granting permission to travel to Canada.[5] The letter must state the traveler's name and the duration of the trip.[5]
A divorced parent who has or shares custody of a child should carry a copy of the custody document.[5] An adult who is not the parent or legal guardian of a child they are accompanying should have written permission from the parents or guardians to supervise the child.[5] When traveling in a group of vehicles, parents or guardians should be in the same vehicle as their children when arriving at the border.[5] CBSA personnel are looking for missing children and may question adults about children traveling with them.[5]
Documentation for vehicles[edit]
Persons driving into Canada must have their vehicle's registration document and proof of insurance.[5]
Visas and admissibility[edit]
A visa is not required for U.S. citizens to visit Canada for up to 180 days.[1] Anyone seeking to enter Canada for any purpose besides a visit (e.g. to work, study or immigrate) must qualify for the appropriate entry status and can see the Canadian immigration website.[1] The Canadian embassy or nearest consulate can be contacted for additional information.[1]
Inadmissibility[edit]
"Allowed to Leave Canada" form (as of 2008[update]) issued by CIC to an inadmissible person
Some persons are inadmissible—they are not allowed to enter Canada.[2]
As of 2011[update], if a person is denied entry and advised to re-enter the U.S., they are issued form IMM 1282B.[6] This form indicates that the person is allowed to withdraw their application to enter Canada, and is allowed to leave Canada. Persons who have been denied entry and provided this form are advised by the CBSA to show this form to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). There appears to be no legal precedent, however, for the traveler to voluntarily submit this form to the CBP, and doing so may cause the CBP to consider the traveler suspicious, and as a result they may subject the traveler to exhaustive questioning and search.[verification needed] Information about the denial of entry may nevertheless be automatically and immediately available to the CBP.
Grounds for inadmissibility[edit]
Individuals may be refused entry to or removed from Canada on the following grounds:[7]
Security reasons, including espionage, subversion, violence or terrorism, or membership in an organization involved in such activities.[7]
Human or international rights violations.[7]
Criminality.[7]
Organized crime, including membership in an organization that takes part in organized criminal activity.[7]
Health reasons, if their condition is likely to endanger public health or public safety, or might reasonably be expected to cause excessive demands on health or social services.[7]
Financial reasons, if they are unable or unwilling to support themselves and their family members.[7]
Misrepresentation, which includes providing false information or withholding information directly related to decisions made under Canada's Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA).[7]
Failure to comply with any provision of IRPA.[7] For instance, an attempt by persons who, having previously been deported from Canada, seek to enter Canada without written authorization.[7]
Having an inadmissible family member.[7]
Avoiding inadmissibility[edit]
Persons can be denied entry into Canada on the basis of suspicion alone. In particular, the CBSA may deny entry to persons they doubt will be able to support themselves and their dependents, or whose willingness and means to return to the U.S. is in doubt.[5] Certain documents, such as the following, can serve to reduce these doubts:[8][not in citation given]
Evidence of financial support, such as bank statements and passbooks.[8]
Income tax records, both recent and past.[8]
Evidence of employment, such as recent pay stubs, employment ID, and current letter from employer.[8]
Proof of residence, such as recent rent receipts, and copies of mortgage, deed, and utility bills.[8]
Confirmed means of departure from Canada, such as an airline, bus or train ticket with date and time of departure indicated.[8]
Information about destination in Canada, including destination address, destination telephone number, and name of the person being visited.[8]
Criminal inadmissibility[edit]
A single criminal conviction, no matter how minor or how long ago, is grounds for exclusion from Canada.[2] With the exception of civil traffic violations such as speeding, and some municipal ordinance infractions (which are typically not handled through the legal system) such as parking violations or littering, persons with a conviction must either have received a pardon, applied for and been accepted for rehabilitation, met the requirement to be considered deemed rehabilitated, or if ineligible for rehabilitation or deemed rehabilitated status, apply for and receive a temporary resident permit (a special type of visa) to enter Canada.[9]
Individuals with a criminal conviction that has been expunged are allowed entry into Canada.[10] Since the criminal database might not be up-to-date, it is best to have paperwork of the expungement to guarantee entry. A letter from an attorney will suffice.[11]
Rehabilitation[edit]
To be a candidate for rehabilitation, at least five years (or more depending on the severity of the offense) since the conclusion of any sentence imposed (imprisonment, probation, fine paid, suspension of driver's license, etc...) must have elapsed. Due to differences between legal systems, an overturned conviction or dismissed charges does not automatically overcome inadmissibility, unless the offense itself occurred in Canada. However, applicants in either of these situations can use an abbreviated process and the five-year waiting period generally does not apply. In simple cases, such as a single misdemeanor conviction, the application can typically be reviewed and approved by a Canadian Embassy, High Counsel, or CIC office. For more complicated histories or in the case of a felony conviction, the application will need to be forwarded to Ottawa for approval. Processing time in either case can take several months to a year or more, so it is advisable to begin the process of applying for rehabilitation well in advance of any planned travel to Canada. Factors considered when determining whether to approve an application for rehabilitation or not include the nature of the offense, the time elapsed and one's behavior since the offense was committed or since the sentence. Applicants are required to obtain clearances from law enforcement in the communities in which they have lived, and are strongly urged to submit documentation showing stability and reform such as records of employment and any education or treatment programs completed, as well as character references.[9]
A person with a past conviction can also be "deemed rehabilitated" by an immigration officer at the port of entry. Ten years must have elapsed since the conclusion of any sentence imposed and other criteria must be satisfied. Persons attempting to enter under the deemed rehabilitated system should also bring law enforcement clearances, documents showing a stable and reformed life, and character references, as the decision as to whether to admit someone as deemed rehabilitated is completely at the discretion of the border official and there is no recourse or right of appeal should deemed rehabilitated status be denied.[9] It should be noted that anyone with a felony conviction (unless a pardon was granted) cannot be deemed rehabilitated and must instead apply for rehabilitation or a temporary resident permit.
Temporary resident permits[edit]
Temporary resident permits are a one-time authorization for someone who is otherwise criminally inadmissible to enter Canada. Permits are rarely granted without cause, typically only in extenuating circumstances (such as a documented family emergency), on significant humanitarian grounds (such as sponsoring an inadmissible spouse or child), or for reasons of Canadian national interest, or in circumstances where the reasons for criminal inadmissibility are negligible.[12] TRP's are usually issued with varying restrictions and can be revoked if deemed necessary. Temporary resident permits can, however, be obtained by an individual who has a criminal record if it can be proven that he has been rehabilitated and is able to demonstrate that the need for him to enter Canada outweighs any risk that he may cause to Canada.[13]
Inadmissible family member[edit]
If an individual is deemed inadmissible, members of his or her family may also be deemed inadmissible solely based on that fact.
Offenses committed as a minor[edit]
In theory, a person is not inadmissible if they were convicted of a crime before the age of 18 and were tried as a young offender or through the juvenile justice system. If the person in question could have been tried as an adult (which is frequently the case in the US, where minors as young as 8 can be tried as an adult), regardless of whether they actually were or not, they are inadmissible.
Policies[edit]
Importation of firearms[edit]
Firearms are much more strictly controlled in Canada than in the U.S. Visitors bringing any firearms into Canada, or planning to borrow and use firearms while in Canada, are required to declare the firearms in writing using a Non-Resident Firearm Declaration form.[1] Multiple firearms can be declared at the same time.[1] Upon acceptance, this declaration serves as a temporary license and registration certificate for up to 60 days.[1] The Non-Resident Firearm Declaration has a cost of $25 (Canadian).[14] Visitors planning to borrow a firearm in Canada are required to obtain in advance a Temporary Firearms Borrowing License, the cost of which is $30 (Canadian), payable at the border.[1] These forms are required to be signed before a CBSA officer at the border.[1] Note that the forms are not available at the border itself. Details and downloadable forms are provided by the Canadian Firearms Program.[1]
Canada has three classes of firearms: non-restricted, restricted, and prohibited.[1] Non-restricted firearms include most ordinary hunting rifles and shotguns.[1] These can be brought temporarily into Canada for sporting or hunting use during hunting season, use in competitions, in-transit movement through Canada, or personal protection against wildlife in remote areas of Canada.[1] Any person wishing to bring a hunting rifle into Canada is required to be at least 18 years old, and the firearm must be properly stored for transport.[1] Restricted firearms are primarily handguns.[1] A restricted firearm may be brought into Canada, but an Authorization to Transport permit must be obtained in advance from a Chief Firearms Officer.[1] Prohibited firearms include fully automatic, converted automatics and assault-type weapons. Prohibited firearms are not allowed into Canada.[1] A comprehensive guide on importation of firearms and weapons is published by the CBSA.[15]
It is recommended that the Canadian embassy or a consulate, or the Canadian Firearms Program be contacted for detailed information and instructions on temporarily importing firearms in advance of any travel.[1] In all cases, travelers are required to declare to Canadian authorities any firearms and weapons in their possession when entering Canada.[1] If a traveler is denied permission to bring in the firearm, there may be facilities near border crossings where firearms may be stored, pending the traveler's return to the U.S.[1] Canadian law requires that officials confiscate firearms and weapons from those crossing the border that deny having them in their possession.[1] Confiscated firearms and weapons are never returned.[1] Possession of an undeclared firearm can result in a five-year prison sentence.[16]
Items requiring declaration[edit]
Food, plants, animals and related products are required to be declared when entering Canada[17] using a declaration form.[18] Once declared, a CBSA officer will ask questions about these items, such as their country of origin or intended use.[18] The items may be inspected.[18] Non-allowable items are either seized, disposed of, or ordered removed from Canada.[18]
A failure to declare can lead to confiscation of products, fines of up to $400 (Canadian) per undeclared item, as well as prosecution.[19] Persons wishing to dispose product needing declaration can do so in product disposal bins.[18]
Prohibited items[edit]
Electronic media of travelers entering Canada can be randomly checked.[1] Computers are subject to search without a warrant at the border, and illegal content can result in the seizure of the computer as well as detention, arrest and prosecution of the bearer.[1]
Certain weapons that may be legal to possess in the U.S. are prohibited weapons in Canada, most notably pepper spray, mace and Tasers. Under the Canadian Criminal Code, a person can face a maximum of five years in prison for unauthorized possession[20] and five years for unauthorized importation of an illegal weapon.[21] If, however, it can be proven that the person, despite knowing that its importation or possession is illegal, imports or possess a prohibited weapon, the maximum penalty increases to ten years imprisonment.
Canadian law prohibits the unlawful importation or trafficking of controlled substances and narcotics.[1] A number of travelers, including Americans, have been arrested for attempting to smuggle khat, an herbal stimulant from East Africa, into Canada.[1] Smugglers risk substantial fines, a permanent bar from Canada, and imprisonment.[1]
It is recommended that prescription medicines be in their original prescription container. Suspicious looking or unidentifiable pills found during a search can be tested for narcotics. Entry into Canada can be delayed until the tests have completed. Moreover, their discovery can lead to being denied entry even if the tests passed.
Handling disagreements[edit]
A person or organization may disagree with the CBSA about an assessment or decision made by the CBSA.[22] If at the border, the Border Services Officer (BSO) or superintendent can be consulted.[22] To address disagreements afterwards, a CBSA office can be contacted.[22]
Appeals[edit]
Persons who believe that they have not received their full entitlements under Canadian law, and have been unable to reach an agreement with the CBSA on a duty or penalty matter, have the right to a formal review of their file.[23] A formal review is conducted by appeals representatives who were not involved in the original decision, and is impartial.[23] Appeals staff are trained to review the client's and the CBSA's facts and reasons.[23]
The role of the appeals representative who reviews a case is to carry out a complete, professional, and impartial review.[23] This representative reviews the case by interpreting acts administered by the CBSA and reviewing CBSA policies, considering the appellant's point of view; and when necessary, asking for a technical opinion from CBSA experts or seeking legal advice from the Canadian Department of Justice.[23]
The representative who reviews the case will not have been involved in the original assessment, determination, or ruling of a duty, penalty or other matter.[23] The appellant can discuss the case with an appeals representative, and has the right to obtain certain documents related to the case.[23]
The CBSA does not charge for a review.[23] If a person is not satisfied with the review, a further appeal can be made to the appropriate court or, to the Canadian International Trade Tribunal for relevant matters.[23]
Business visits[edit]
A business visitor is someone who comes to Canada to engage in international business activities without directly entering the Canadian labor market.[24] Such visitors may be in Canada for business meetings or site visits (to observe only), but not to work.[24] Business visitors are required to prove that their main source of income and their main place of business are outside Canada.[24]
A visa is not required for a business visitor who is an American citizen.[25] All business visitors are required to have a passport valid until the end of their stay, a letter of support from their parent company, a letter of invitation from the Canadian host business, a copy of any contracts or bills to support the visit, 24-hour contact details of the business host in Canada, and proof of enough money for both the stay in Canada and the return home.[26] Business visitors do not need a temporary work permit unless they plan on doing executive, managerial, technical or production work.[27]
Return entry into the U.S.[edit]
Documentation[edit]
Beginning June 1, 2009, U.S. citizens aged 16 and older traveling into the U.S. from Canada by land or sea (including ferries) have had to present documents denoting citizenship and identity, which include a valid U.S. passport, U.S. passport card, Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI, Global Entry or FAST), an Enhanced Driver’s License, U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders, U.S. Merchant Mariner document when traveling in conjunction with official maritime business, Form I-872 American Indian Card, or (when available) Enhanced Tribal Card. Children under age 16 (or under 19, if traveling with a school, religious group, or other youth group) need only to present a birth certificate issued by an appropriate state or local authority, or a Naturalization Certificate.[28] [29] Persons who do not present acceptable documents may be delayed as U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers at the port of entry attempt to verify identity and citizenship.[30]
Searches[edit]
The U.S. Customs and Border Protection has the authority from the U.S. Congress to conduct searches of persons and their baggage, cargo, and means of transportation entering the United States.[31] Persons unhappy with their treatment can ask to have a supervisor listen to their comments, or can make a complaint online.[31]
Persons whose vehicles are searched can be asked to leave their phones in the car. There exists the potential of data on a phone or laptop being collected, rapidly copied and searched. Contrary to Fourth Amendment protections, persons including U.S. citizens can be detained until they unlock their device so it can be searched.[32][33] It is recommended that an alternative phone be used and that it be reset before entering the country.[32][34]
Policies[edit]
Certain items such as monetary instruments over U.S. $10,000, hunting trophies, and firearms require a declaration.[31] Prescription medicines are required to be in their original prescription container.[31] Prohibited items include absinthe, biological materials, Cuban cigars and other products of Cuba, endangered species and products thereof; explosives, including fireworks; some fruits, vegetables, and meats; narcotics and paraphernalia, pornographic materials, seditious or treasonable matter, and switchblade knives (except by one-armed persons).[31] Pets must be accompanied with a valid rabies vaccination certificate.[31]
Expedited entry[edit]
Wait times for vehicles at popular border crossings can sometimes be excessive on either side of the border. It is recommended that the estimated wait time be checked in advance of travel. These are provided by both the CBSA[35] and the CBP.[36]
Both the U.S. and Canadian governments urge frequent travelers to join the NEXUS trusted traveler program.[1] NEXUS members receive a card that allows expedited border crossings for both private and commercial travelers through both U.S. and Canada border controls quickly.[1]
See also[edit]
Canada–United States border
List of Canada–United States border crossings
Canada–United States relations
United States border security concerns
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Country Specific Information: Canada". U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs. December 11, 2007. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008. [1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Visiting Canada: Who can apply". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. April 29, 2008. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Visitors to Canada and other Temporary Residents: Identification documents required". Canada Border Services Agency. 2010-05-19. Retrieved 2012-04-20. If you are a United States citizen (U.S.), you do not need a passport to enter Canada; however, you should carry proof of your citizenship such as a birth certificate, a certificate of citizenship or naturalization or a Certificate of Indian Status, as well as a photo ID.
^ Jump up to: a b "Guide for Transporters". Canada Border Services Agency. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Canada: Planning a Trip: Entry Requirements". Frommer's. FrommerMedia LLC. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
Jump up ^ "Clearance of Commercial Passenger Vessels Evaluation Study" (PDF). 2011-05-01. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Visiting Canada: Who is inadmissible?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2012-10-09. Archived from the original on 18 August 2008. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "A guideline for meeting the minimum requirements for entry to Canada as a temporary resident". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2007-02-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Visiting Canada: Overcoming criminal inadmissibility". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2006-03-29. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31. Depending on the nature of the offence, the time elapsed and your behaviour since it was committed or since you were sentenced, you may no longer be considered inadmissible to Canada. You may be permitted to come to Canada if you are able to satisfy an immigration officer that you meet the legal requirement to be deemed rehabilitated; or you have applied for rehabilitation and your application has been approved; or you have obtained a pardon; or you have obtained a temporary resident permit.
Jump up ^ "ENF 2/OP 18 Evaluating Inadmissibility" (PDF). CIC.GA.CA. Retrieved 29 September 2014. The “committing an act” inadmissibility provisions would generally not be applied in the following scenarios: [...] the person admits to committing the act but has received a record suspension or the record is expunged;
Jump up ^ "Can I Get into Canada with a DUI Expungement?". CDUIL. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Niren, Michael. "Denied Entry To Canada: TRP Applications". Retrieved 24 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Can you travel to Canada with a misdemeanor charge on your record?". 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
Jump up ^ Fees for Firearm Documents
Jump up ^ http://cbsa.gc.ca/publications/pub/bsf5044-eng.html
Jump up ^ Importation and Exportation of Firearms Regulations (Individuals) (SOR/98-215) which is an offence under S.109 of the Firearms Act Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Visitor to Canada". Be Aware and Declare. 2007-12-28. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07. Travellers entering Canada are required to declare all food, plants, animals and related products when entering the country
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Frequently Asked Questions". Be Aware and Declare. 2007-12-28. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
Jump up ^ "Brochure – Be Aware and Declare". Be Aware and Declare. 2007-10-28. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07. Failure to declare could lead to: * Confiscation of products * Fines of up to $400 per undeclared item * Prosecution
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 91. Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 104. Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Disagreements, reviews and appeal". Canada Border Services Agency. 2005-06-01. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Formal review". Canada Border Services Agency. 2004-02-02. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Frequently asked questions: Visiting Canada: What is a business visitor?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. What is a business visitor? A business visitor is someone who comes to Canada to engage in international business activities without directly entering the Canadian labour market. For example, someone who comes to Canada to meet with representatives of companies doing business with their country would be considered a business visitor. Visitors may be in Canada for business meetings or site visits (to observe only). A person invited to Canada by a Canadian company for training in product use, sales or other functions related to a business transaction would also be included. Business visitors must prove that their main source of income and their main place of business are outside Canada.
Jump up ^ "Frequently asked questions: Visiting Canada: Does a business visitor need a special visa to enter Canada?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. Does a business visitor need a special visa to enter Canada? No. There are no special visas for business visitors. Every temporary resident, except people from countries exempted by Canadian law, must get a temporary resident visa before coming to Canada.
Jump up ^ "Business visitors: Arriving". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-03-30. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. You should have all relevant documents on hand to present to the officer when you arrive. These documents include, but are not limited to a valid passport or travel document that will be valid until the end of your stay; if applicable, a temporary resident visa, letters of support from your parent company and a letter of invitation from the Canadian host business, a copy of any contracts or bills to support your visit, 24-hour contact details of your business host in Canada and proof that you have enough money for both your stay in Canada and your return home.
Jump up ^ "Frequently asked questions: Visiting Canada: Do I need a work permit as a business visitor?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. Do I need a work permit as a business visitor? You do not need a temporary work permit unless you are doing work such as executive, managerial, technical or production activities.
Jump up ^ "WHTI Program Background". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ U.S. Customs and Border Protection. "Fact Sheet: Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (Land and Sea Travel Document Requirements)" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Background Note: Canada". Background Notes. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. May 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-21. Since January 2007 U.S. citizens traveling by air to and from Canada have needed a valid passport to enter or re-enter the United States. Beginning January 31, 2008, U.S. and Canadian citizens aged 19 and older traveling into the U.S. from Canada by land or sea (including ferries) have had to present documents denoting citizenship and identity. This change primarily affects American and Canadian citizens who have previously been permitted entry into the U.S. by oral declaration alone, and marks the transition toward standard and consistent documents for all travelers entering the U.S. Acceptable documentation includes a valid passport or government-issued photo identification such as a driver's license and proof of citizenship such as a birth certificate. Children aged 18 and under need only to present a birth certificate. A list of acceptable documents is found at http://canada.usembassy.gov. Travelers who do not present acceptable documents may be delayed as U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers at the port of entry attempt to verify identity and citizenship. Beginning in June 2009, all travelers, including U.S. citizens, will have to present a passport or other secure document that denotes identity and citizenship when entering the U.S. from Canada.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Your Inspection at the U.S. Border: Questions and Answers". U.S. – Canada Relations: Border Issues. Embassy of the United States in Ottawa. Archived from the original on 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "I'll never bring my phone on an international flight again. Neither should you". 2017.
Jump up ^ "Law Enforcement Uses Border Search Exception as Fourth Amendment Loophole". 2016.
Jump up ^ "Defending Privacy at the U.S. Border: A Guide for Travelers Carrying Digital Devices". p. 16. Just get a different GSM-compatible phone and transfer your SIM card from your regular phone into the new phone. Your temporary phone will have far less of your private data on it
Jump up ^ "Border Wait Times". Canada Border Services Agency. 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-09-07. The table below shows the estimated wait times for reaching the primary inspection booth, the first point of contact with CBSA when crossing the Canada/U.S. land border.
Jump up ^ "CBP Border Wait Times". U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Retrieved 2008-09-07. The table below shows the estimated wait times for reaching the primary inspection booth, the first point of contact with CBP when crossing the Canada/U.S. and Mexico/U.S. land borders.
External links[edit]
Border wait times for Canada bound persons from U.S. by the Canada Border Services Agency
Border wait times for U.S. bound persons from Canada by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_entry_into_Canada_by_land&oldid=840432200"
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text:
The Wizard of Lies
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Wizard of Lies
Television release poster
Based on
The Wizard of Lies
by Diana B. Henriques
Written by
Sam Levinson
Sam Baum
John Burnham Schwartz
Directed by
Barry Levinson
Starring
Robert De Niro
Michelle Pfeiffer
Alessandro Nivola
Hank Azaria
Nathan Darrow
Kristen Connolly
Kathrine Narducci
Music by
Evgueni Galperine
Sacha Galperine
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Producer(s)
Joseph E. Iberti
Cinematography
Eigil Bryld
Editor(s)
Ron Patane
Running time
132 minutes
Production company(s)
HBO Films
Release
Original network
HBO
Original release
May 20, 2017 (2017-05-20)
Website
www.hbo.com/movies/the-wizard-of-lies
The Wizard of Lies is a 2017 American television drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Sam Levinson, Sam Baum, and John Burnham Schwartz,[1] based on the non-fiction book of the same name by Diana B. Henriques. The film stars Robert De Niro as businessman Bernard Madoff, Michelle Pfeiffer as his wife Ruth Madoff, and Alessandro Nivola as their older son Mark Madoff. It aired on HBO on May 20, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
2 Production
3 Reception
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Ratings
3.3 Awards and nominations
4 Soundtrack
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Cast[edit]
Robert De Niro as Bernard Madoff
Michelle Pfeiffer as Ruth Madoff
Alessandro Nivola as Mark Madoff
Hank Azaria as Frank DiPascali
Nathan Darrow as Andrew Madoff
Sydney Gayle as Emily Madoff
Lily Rabe as Catherine Hooper
Kristen Connolly as Stephanie Madoff
Kathrine Narducci as Eleanor Squillari
Steve Coulter as Martin London
Shivam Chopra as Male Student
Michael Kostroff as Peter Madoff
Diana B. Henriques as Herself
Production[edit]
On August 27, 2015, Michelle Pfeiffer and Alessandro Nivola joined the film to play wife Ruth Madoff and older son Mark Madoff, respectively.[1] On September 9, 2015, Hank Azaria joined the film as Frank DiPascali.[2] On September 10, 2015, Nathan Darrow, Kristen Connolly, Kathrine Narducci, and Steve Coulter were cast as Andrew Madoff, Stephanie Madoff, Eleanor Squillari, and Martin London, respectively. Diana B. Henriques was also cast as herself.[3] On September 11, 2015, Lily Rabe was cast as Catherine Hooper.[4]
Principal photography on the film began on August 31, 2015, in New York City.[5]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 72% based on 39 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Wizard of Lies doesn't really shed much new light on its fact-based story, but thanks to solid direction and a talented cast, it still proves consistently watchable."[6] On Metacritic, the film has a normalized score of 67 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "favorable reviews".[7]
Ratings[edit]
The film's premiere drew 1.5 million viewers, making it HBO's largest premiere viewership for an HBO film in four years; additional replays and viewings through the network's streaming service brought the film's total viewers to 2.4 million for its premiere weekend.[8]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2017 Television Critics Association Awards Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials The Wizard of Lies Nominated
69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Television Movie The Wizard of Lies Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie Robert De Niro Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Michelle Pfeiffer Nominated
Outstanding Casting for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special Ellen Chenoweth Nominated
75th Golden Globe Awards Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film Robert De Niro Nominated
Best Supporting Actress - Series, Miniseries or Television Film Michelle Pfeiffer Nominated
22nd Satellite Awards Satellite Award for Best Television Film The Wizard of Lies Pending
Best Actor - Miniseries or TV Film Robert De Niro Pending
Best Actress - Miniseries or TV Film Michelle Pfeiffer Pending
24th Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Robert De Niro Pending
8th Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Movie/Miniseries The Wizard of Lies Pending
Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries Robert De Niro Pending
Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries Michelle Pfeiffer Pending
Soundtrack[edit]
The Wizard of Lies (Music from the HBO Film)
Soundtrack album by Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine
Released
May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19)
Length
38:18
Label
Lakeshore Records
The Wizard of Lies (Music from the HBO Film) was released digitally May 19, 2017, the day before the film's premiere.[9]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "The Wizard of Lies" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:56
2. "A New Start" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 0:58
3. "Ponzi Scheme" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:55
4. "It's Not Enough" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 2:06
5. "Nightmare" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:50
6. "FBI" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 2:29
7. "150 Years" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 3:14
8. "The Club Colette Jam / Big Noise from Winnetka Medley" The Club Collette Band 7:18
9. "Doubts" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:04
10. "Ruth Call" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 2:40
11. "I Revered Him" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 2:31
12. "I Have to Talk to You All" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:45
13. "Losing It" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 2:08
14. "The Pills" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 0:43
15. "The Boys Wouldn't Sign" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:41
16. "Make It Right" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 1:14
17. "My Father Is Dead to Me" Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine 2:46
See also[edit]
Madoff (miniseries)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (August 27, 2015). "HBO's Madoff Movie 'The Wizard Of Lies' A Go With Michelle Pfeiffer, Alessandro Nivola Joining Robert De Niro; Barry Levinson To Direct". Deadline.com. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 9, 2015). "Hank Azaria Joins HBO's Bernie Madoff Movie 'The Wizard Of Lies'". deadline.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 10, 2015). "HBO's Bernie Madoff Movie 'The Wizard Of Lies' Adds Five To Cast". deadline.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 11, 2015). "Lily Rabe Joins HBO's Bernie Madoff Movie 'The Wizard Of Lies'". deadline.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Wizard of Lies', starring Robert De Niro and Michelle Pfeiffer, filming locations in NYC this week". onlocationvacations.com. August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Wizard of Lies (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Wizard of Lies Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (May 23, 2017). "Madoff Movie 'Wizard Of Lies' Draws Largest Premiere Viewership For HBO Film In 4 Years". deadline.com. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Soundtrack to Original HBO Film THE WIZARD OF LIES Available Digitally 5/19". Broadwayworld.com. May 15, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
External links[edit]
The Wizard of Lies on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Barry Levinson
Diner (1982)
The Natural (1984)
Young Sherlock Holmes (1985)
Tin Men (1987)
Good Morning, Vietnam (1987)
Rain Man (1988)
Avalon (1990)
Bugsy (1991)
Toys (1992)
Jimmy Hollywood (1994)
Disclosure (1994)
Sleepers (1996)
Wag the Dog (1997)
Sphere (1998)
Liberty Heights (1999)
An Everlasting Piece (2000)
Bandits (2001)
Envy (2004)
Man of the Year (2006)
What Just Happened (2008)
You Don't Know Jack (2010)
The Bay (2012)
The Humbling (2014)
Rock the Kasbah (2015)
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Untitled Joe Paterno film (2018)
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Madoff investment scandal
Overview
Frank DiPascali
David G. Friehling
Bernard Madoff
Shana Madoff
Harry Markopolos
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Recovery of funds
Eric Swanson
United States v. Jerome O'Hara and George Perez
No One Would Listen: A True Financial Thriller
Chasing Madoff
Imagining Madoff
Madoff (miniseries)
The Wizard of Lies (film)
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text:
Hansel and Gretel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the fairy tale. For other uses, see Hansel and Gretel (disambiguation).
Illustration by Arthur Rackham, 1909
"Hansel and Gretel" (also known as Hansel and Grettel, Hansel and Grethel, or Little Brother and Little Sister) (/ˈhænsəl/ or /ˈhɑːnsəl/ and /ˈɡrɛtəl/; German: Hänsel und Gretel (Hänsel und Grethel)[a] [ˈhɛnzl̩ ʊnt ˈɡʁeːtl̩]) is a well-known fairy tale of German origin, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812. Hansel and Gretel are a young brother and sister kidnapped by a cannibalistic witch living deep in the forest in a house constructed of cake and confectionery. The two children escape with their lives by outwitting her. The tale has been adapted to various media, most notably the opera Hänsel und Gretel (1893) by Engelbert Humperdinck. Under the Aarne–Thompson classification system, "Hansel and Gretel" is classified under Class 327.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 History and analysis
3 Cultural significance
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Citations
6.2 Sources
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Hansel and Gretel are the children of a poor woodcutter. When a great famine settles over the land, the woodcutter's wife decides to take the children into the woods and leave them there to fend for themselves, so that she and her husband do not starve to death, because the children eat too much. The woodcutter opposes the plan but finally, and reluctantly, submits to his wife's scheme. They were unaware that in the children's bedroom, Hansel and Gretel have overheard them. After the parents have gone to bed, Hansel sneaks out of the house and gathers as many white pebbles as he can, then returns to his room, reassuring Gretel that God will not forsake them.
The next day, the family walk deep into the woods and Hansel lays a trail of white pebbles. After their parents abandon them, Hansel and Gretel follow the trail back home. When the wife sees them she is furious and locks them in the house. Hansel and Gretel are unable to escape or even simply collect pebbles.
The following morning, the family treks into the woods. Hansel takes a slice of bread and leaves a trail of bread crumbs for them to follow home. However, after they are once again abandoned, they find that birds have eaten the crumbs and they are lost in the woods. After days of wandering, they follow a beautiful white bird to a clearing in the woods, and discover a large cottage built of gingerbread, cakes, candy and with window panes of clear sugar. Hungry and tired, the children begin to eat the rooftop of the house, when the door opens and a "very old woman" emerges and lures the children inside, with the promise of soft beds and delicious food and a hot bath. They do this unaware that their hostess is actually a bloodthirsty witch who waylays children to cook and eat them.
The next morning, the witch cleans out the cage in the garden from her previous captive. Then she throws Hansel into the cage and forces Gretel into becoming her slave. The witch feeds Hansel regularly to fatten him up. Hansel is smart and when the witch asks for Hansel to stick out his finger for her to see how fat he is, he sticks out a bone he finds in the cage every time. The witch is too impatient and decides to eat Hansel anyway.
The next day, the witch prepares the oven for Hansel, but decides she is hungry enough to eat Gretel too. She coaxes Gretel to the open oven and prods her to lean over in front of it to see if the fire is hot enough. Gretel, sensing the witch's intent, pretends she does not understand what she means. Infuriated, the witch demonstrates and Gretel instantly shoves the hag into the oven, slams and bolts the door shut, leaving "the ungodly creature to be burned to ashes", screaming in pain until she dies. Gretel frees Hansel from the cage and the pair discover a vase full of treasure and precious stones. Putting the jewels into their clothing, the children set off for home.
A duck ferries them across an expanse of water and at home they find only their father who revealed that their mother died from an unknown cause. Their father had spent all his days lamenting the loss of his children and is delighted to see them safe and sound. With the witch's wealth, they all live happily ever after. The end.
History and analysis[edit]
Illustration by Theodor Hosemann
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm heard "Hansel and Gretel" from Wilhelm's friend (and future wife) Dortchen Wild[1] and published it in Kinder- und Hausmärchen in 1812.[2] In the Grimms' version of the tale, the woodcutter's wife is the children's biological mother and the blame for abandoning them is shared between both her and the woodcutter himself. In later editions, some slight revisions were made: the wife became the children's stepmother, the woodcutter opposes her scheme to abandon the children and religious references are made. The sequence where the swan helps them across the river is also an addition to later editions.[3]
The fairy tale may have originated in the medieval period of the Great Famine (1315–1321),[4] which caused desperate people to abandon young children to fend for themselves, or even resort to cannibalism.
Folklorists Iona and Peter Opie indicate in The Classic Fairy Tales (1974) that "Hansel and Gretel" belongs to a group of European tales especially popular in the Baltic regions, about children outwitting ogres into whose hands they have involuntarily fallen. The tale bears resemblances to the first half of Charles Perrault's "Hop-o'-My-Thumb" (1697) and Madame d'Aulnoy's "Finette Cendron" (1721). In both tales, the Opies note, abandoned children find their way home by following a trail. In "Clever Cinders", the Opies observe that the heroine incinerates a giant by shoving him into an oven in a manner similar to Gretel's dispatch of the witch and they point out that a ruse involving a twig in a Swedish tale resembles Hansel's trick of the dry bone. Linguist and folklorist Edward Vajda has proposed that these stories represent the remnant of a coming-of-age rite-of-passage tale extant in Proto-Indo-European society.[5][6] A house made of confectionery is found in a 14th-century manuscript about the Land of Cockayne.[1]
The fact that the mother or stepmother dies when the children have killed the witch has suggested to many commentators that the mother or stepmother and the witch are metaphorically the same woman.[7] A Russian folk tale exists in which the evil stepmother (also the wife of a poor woodcutter) asks her hated stepdaughter to go into the forest to borrow a light from her sister, who turns out to be Baba Yaga, who is also a cannibalistic witch. Besides highlighting the endangerment of children (as well as their own cleverness), the tales have in common a preoccupation with food and with hurting children: the mother or stepmother wants to avoid hunger, while the witch lures children to eat her house of candy so that she can then eat them.[8] Another tale of this type is the French fairy tale The Lost Children.[9] The Brothers Grimm also identified the French Finette Cendron and Hop o' My Thumb as parallel stories.[10]
Cultural significance[edit]
Staatsoper Wien 2015
Hansel and Gretel's trail of breadcrumbs inspired the name of the navigation element "breadcrumbs" that allows users to keep track of their locations within programs or documents.[11] The opera Hänsel und Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck is one of the most renowned operas, and is considered one of the most important German operas.[12]
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
Germany portal
The Truth About Hansel and Gretel
"Brother and Sister"
"Molly Whuppie"
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In German, the names are diminutives of Johannes ("John") and Margarete ("Margaret"), respectively
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Opie & Opie 1974, p. 237
Jump up ^ Tatar (2002), p. 44
Jump up ^ Tatar (2002), p. 45
Jump up ^ Raedisch (2013), p. 180
Jump up ^ Vajda (2010)
Jump up ^ Vajda (2011)
Jump up ^ Lüthi 1970, p. 64
Jump up ^ Tatar 2002, p. 54
Jump up ^ Delarue 1956, p. 365
Jump up ^ Tatar 2002, p. 72
Jump up ^ Mark Levene (18 October 2010). An Introduction to Search Engines and Web Navigation (2nd ed.). Wiley. p. 221. ISBN 978-0470526842. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Upton, George Putnam (1897). The Standard Operas (Google book) (12th ed.). Chicago: McClurg. pp. 125–129. ISBN 1-60303-367-X. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
Sources[edit]
Delarue, Paul (1956). The Borzoi Book of French Folk-Tales. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Lüthi, Max (1970). Once Upon A Time: On the Nature of Fairy Tales. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.
Opie, Iona; Opie, Peter (1974). The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-211559-1.
Raedisch, Linda (2013). The Old Magic of Christmas: Yuletide Traditions for the Darkest Days of the Year. Llewellyn Worldwide.
Tatar, Maria (2002). The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales. BCA. ISBN 978-0-393-05163-6.
Vajda, Edward (26 May 2010). The Classic Russian Fairy Tale: More Than a Bedtime Story (Speech). The World's Classics. Western Washington University.
Vajda, Edward (1 February 2011). The Russian Fairy Tale: Ancient Culture in a Modern Context (Speech). Center for International Studies International Lecture Series. Western Washington University.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Hansel and Gretel
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hansel and Gretel.
Project Gutenberg e-text
SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: The Annotated Hansel and Gretel
Original versions and psychological analysis of classic fairy tales, including Hansel and Gretel
The Story of Hansel and Gretel
Collaboratively illustrated story on Project Bookses
A translation of the Grimm's Fairy Tale Hansel and Gretel
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Hansel and Gretel: An Opera Fantasy (1954)
Hansel and Gretel (1954)
Hansel and Gretel (1982)
Hansel and Gretel (2002)
Hansel and Gretel (2007)
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