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Quit India Movement
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Procession in Bangalore during the Quit India Movement
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The Quit India Movement or the India August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.[1] The Cripps Mission had failed, and on 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. The All-India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India. Even though it was wartime, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the INC was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council (which had a majority of Indians), of the All India Muslim League, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support Quit India Movement. Many students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who was in exile and supporting the Axis Powers. The only outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. The Quit India campaign was effectively crushed.[2] The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war had ended.
Sporadic small-scale violence took place around the country and the British arrested tens thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. In terms of immediate objectives Quit India failed because of heavy-handed suppression, weak co-ordination and the lack of a clear-cut programme of action. However, the British government realized that India was ungovernable in the long run due to the cost of World War II, and the question for postwar became how to exit gracefully and peacefully.
In 1992 Reserve Bank of India issued an one Rupee commemorative coin to mark the Golden Jubilee of the Quit India Movement.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 World War II and Indian involvement
1.1 Cripps' Mission
1.2 Factors contributing to the movement's launch
2 Resolution for immediate independence
3 Opposition to the Quit India Movement
3.1 Muslim League
3.2 Hindu Mahasabha
3.3 Communist Party of India
3.4 Princely States
4 No support to the Quit India Movement
4.1 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
5 Local violence
6 Suppression of the movement
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Works cited
9 Further reading
10 External links
World War II and Indian involvement[edit]
In 1939, Indian nationalists were angry that British Governor-General of India, Lord Linlithgow, had without consultation with them brought India into the war. The Muslim League supported the war, but Congress was divided.
Public lecture at Basavanagudi, Bengaluru with Charles Freer Andrews
At the outbreak of war, the Congress Party had passed a resolution during the Wardha meeting of the working-committee in September 1939, conditionally supporting the fight against fascism,[4] but were rebuffed when they asked for independence in return. Gandhi had not supported this initiative, as he could not reconcile an endorsement for war (he was a committed believer in non-violent resistance, used in the Indian Independence Movement and proposed even against Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo). However, at the height of the Battle of Britain, Gandhi had stated his support for the fight against racism and of the British war effort, stating he did not seek to raise an independent India from the ashes of Britain. However, opinions remained divided. The long-term British policy of limiting investment in India and using the country as a market and source of revenue had left the Indian Army relatively weak and poorly armed and trained and forced the British to become net contributors to India's budget, while taxes were sharply increased and the general level of prices of doubled: although many Indian businesses did benefit from increased war production, in general business "felt rebuffed by the government" and in particular the refusal of the British Raj to give Indians a greater role in organising and mobilising the economy for war time production [5]
After the onset of the war, only a group led by Subhas Chandra Bose took any decisive action. Bose organised the Indian Legion in Germany and reorganised the Indian National Army with Japanese assistance, and, soliciting help from the Axis Powers, conducted a guerrilla war against the British authorities.
Cripps' Mission[edit]
Stafford Cripps, on the March 1942, faced with an increasingly dissatisfied sub-continent only reluctantly participating in the war and deterioration in the war situation in Europe and with growing dissatisfaction among Indian troops—especially in Africa—and among the civilian population in the sub-continent, the British government sent a delegation to India under Stafford Cripps, the Leader of the House of Commons, in what came to be known as the Cripps mission. The purpose of the mission was to negotiate with the Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total co-operation during the war, in return for progressive devolution and distribution of power from the crown and the Viceroy to an elected Indian legislature. The talks failed, as they did not address the key demand of a timetable of self-government and of definition of the powers to be relinquished, essentially making an offer of limited dominion-status that was wholly unacceptable to the Indian movement.[6]
Factors contributing to the movement's launch[edit]
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In 1939, with the outbreak of war between Germany and Britain, India was announced to be a party to the war for being a constituent component of the British Empire. Following this declaration, the Congress Working Committee at its meeting on 10 October 1939, passed a resolution condemning the aggressive activities of the Germans. At the same time the resolution also stated that India could not associate herself with war unless it was consulted first. Responding to this declaration, the Viceroy issued a statement on 17 October wherein he claimed that Britain is waging a war driven by the motif to strengthen peace in the world. He also stated that after the war, the government would initiate modifications in the Act of 1935, in accordance to the desires of the Indians.
Gandhi's reaction to this statement was; "the old policy of divide and rule is to continue. The Congress has asked for bread and it has got stone." According to the instructions issued by High Command, the Congress ministers were directed to resign immediately. Congress ministers from eight provinces resigned following the instructions. The resignation of the ministers was an occasion of great joy and rejoicing for leader of the Muslim League, Mohammad Ali Jinnah. He called the day of 22 December 1939 'The Day of Deliverance'. Gandhi urged Jinnah against the celebration of this day, however, it was futile. At the Muslim League Lahore Session held in March 1940, Jinnah declared in his presidential address that the Muslims of the country wanted a separate homeland, Pakistan.
In the meanwhile, crucial political events took place in England. Chamberlain was succeeded by Churchill as the Prime Minister and the Conservatives, who assumed power in England, did not have a sympathetic stance towards the claims made by the Congress. In order to pacify the Indians in the circumstance of worsening war situation, the Conservatives were forced to concede some of the demands made by the Indians. On 8 August, the Viceroy issued a statement that has come to be referred as the "August Offer". However, the Congress rejected the offer followed by the Muslim League.
In the context of widespread dissatisfaction that prevailed over the rejection of the demands made by the Congress, Gandhi at the meeting of the Congress Working Committee in Wardha revealed his plan to launch Individual Civil Disobedience. Once again, the weapon of satyagraha found popular acceptance as the best means to wage a crusade against the British. It was widely used as a mark of protest against the unwavering stance assumed by the British. Vinoba Bhave, a follower of Gandhi, was selected by him to initiate the movement. Anti war speeches ricocheted in all corners of the country, with the satyagrahis earnestly appealing to the people of the nation not to support the Government in its war endeavors. The consequence of this satyagrahi campaign was the arrest of almost fourteen thousand satyagrahis. On 3 December 1941, the Viceroy ordered the acquittal of all the satyagrahis. In Europe the war situation became more critical with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the Congress realised the necessity for appraising their program. Subsequently, the movement was withdrawn.
The Cripps' Mission and its failure also played an important role in Gandhi's call for The Quit India Movement. In order to end the deadlock, the British government on 22 March 1942, sent Sir Stafford Cripps to talk terms with the Indian political parties and secure their support in Britain's war efforts. A Draft Declaration of the British Government was presented, which included terms like establishment of Dominion, establishment of a Constituent Assembly and right of the Provinces to make separate constitutions. These would be, however, granted after the cessation of the Second World War. According to the Congress this Declaration only offered India a promise that was to be fulfilled in the future. Commenting on this Gandhi said; "It is a post dated cheque on a crashing bank." Other factors that contributed were the threat of Japanese invasion of India and realisation of the national leaders of the incapacity of the British to defend India.
Resolution for immediate independence[edit]
The Congress Working Committee meeting at Wardha (14 July 1942) passed a resolution demanding complete independence from the British government. The draft proposed massive civil disobedience if the British did not accede to the demands.
However, it proved to be controversial within the party. A prominent Congress national leader Chakravarti Rajgopalachari quit the Congress over this decision, and so did some local and regional level organisers. Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Azad were apprehensive and critical of the call, but backed it and stuck with Gandhi's leadership until the end. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha openly and enthusiastically supported such a disobedience movement, as did many veteran Gandhians and socialists like Asoka Mehta and Jayaprakash Narayan.
Allama Mashriqi (head of the Khaksar Tehrik) was called by Jawaharlal Nehru to join the Quit India Movement. Mashriqi was apprehensive of its outcome and did not agree with the Congress Working Committee's resolution. On 28 July 1942, Allama Mashriqi sent the following telegram to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Mahatma Gandhi, C. Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajendra Prasad and Pattabhi Sitaramayya. He also sent a copy to Bulusu Sambamurti (former Speaker of the Madras Assembly). The telegram was published in the press, and it stated:
I am in receipt of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's letter of 8 July. My honest opinion is that Civil Disobedience Movement is a little pre-mature. The Congress should first concede openheartedly and with handshake to Muslim League the theoretical Pakistan, and thereafter all parties unitedly make demand of Quit India. If the British refuse, start total disobedience.[7]
The resolution said:
The committee, therefore, resolves to sanction for the vindication of India's inalienable right to freedom and independence, the starting of a mass struggle on non-violent lines on the widest possible scale, so that the country might utilise all the non-violent strength it has gathered during the last 22 years of peaceful struggle...they [the people] must remember that non-violence is the basis of the movement.
Opposition to the Quit India Movement[edit]
Several political groups active during the Indian Independence Movement were opposed to the Quit India Movement. These included the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, the Communist Party of India and the princely states as below:
Muslim League[edit]
The Muslim League opposed the Quit India Movement as it was of the view that if the British left India in its current state, Muslims as a minority would be oppressed by the Hindu majority. Muhammad Ali Jinnah's opposition to Gandhi's call led to large numbers of Muslims cooperating with the British, and enlisting in the army.[8] The Muslim League gained large numbers of new members. Congress members heeding Gandhi's call resigned from provincial legislatures, enabling the Muslim League, in alliance with the Hindu Mahasabha, to take control in Sindh, Bengal and Northwest Frontier.[9][10]
Hindu Mahasabha[edit]
Hindu nationalist parties like the Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the Quit India Movement and boycotted it officially.[11] Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing a letter titled "Stick to your Posts", in which he instructed Hindu Sabhaites who happened to be "members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in the army...to stick to their posts" across the country, and not to join the Quit India Movement at any cost.[11]
Following the Hindu Mahasabha's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement,[11]Syama Prasad Mukherjee, leader of the Hindu Mahasabha in Bengal, (which was a part of the ruling coalition in Bengal led by Krishak Praja Party of Fazlul Haq), wrote a letter to the British Government as to how they should respond, if the Congress gave a call to the British rulers to Quit India. In this letter, dated July 26, 1942 he wrote:
“Let me now refer to the situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for the time being” [12][13]
Mookerjee in this letter reiterated that the Fazlul Haq led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha would make every possible effort to defeat the Quit India Movement in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal as regards this:
“The question is how to combat this movement (Quit India) in Bengal? The administration of the province should be carried on in such a manner that in spite of the best efforts of the Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres it might be limited during the emergency. Indian have to trust the British, not for the sake for Britain, not for any advantage that the British might gain, but for the maintenance of the defense and freedom of the province itself. You, as Governor, will function as the constitutional head of the province and will be guided entirely on the advice of your Minister.[13]
Even the Indian historian R.C. Majumdar noted this fact and states:
"Shyam Prasad ended the letter with a discussion of the mass movement organised by the Congress. He expressed the apprehension that the movement would create internal disorder and will endanger internal security during the war by exciting popular feeling and he opined that any government in power has to suppress it, but that according to him could not be done only by persecution.... In that letter he mentioned item wise the steps to be taken for dealing with the situation .... " [14]
Communist Party of India[edit]
The Communist Party of India was banned at that time by the British government. In order to get the ban lifted, as well as to assist the Soviet Union in its war against Nazi Germany, it supported the British war effort, despite support for Quit India by many industrial workers. In response the British lifted the ban on the party.[15]
Princely States[edit]
The movement had less support in the princely states, as the princes were strongly opposed and funded the opposition.[16]
The Indian nationalists had very little international support. They knew that the United States strongly supported Indian independence, in principle, and believed the U.S. was an ally. However, after Churchill threatened to resign if pushed too hard, the U.S. quietly supported him while bombarding Indians with propaganda designed to strengthen public support of the war effort. The poorly run American operation annoyed both the British and the Indians.[17]
No support to the Quit India Movement[edit]
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh[edit]
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) kept aloof from the Congress-led anti-British Indian independence movement since its founding by K.B. Hedgewar in 1925. In 1942, the RSS, under M.S. Golwalkar refused to join in the Quit India Movement. The Bombay government appreciated the RSS position by noting that,
"the Sangh has scrupulously kept itself within the law, and in particular, has refrained from taking part in the disturbances that broke out in August 1942".".[18][19][20][21]
The British Government also asserted that at Sangh meetings organized during the times of anti-British movements started and fought by the Indian National Congress,
"speakers urged the Sangh members to keep aloof from the congress movement and these instructions were generally observed".[22]
The RSS head (sarsanghchalak) during that time, M.S. Golwalkar later stated that the RSS did not support the Quit India Movement. Such a non-committal attitude during the Indian freedom movement also led to the Sangh being viewed with distrust and anger, both by the general Indian public, as well as certain members of the organization itself. In Golwalkar’s own words,
“In 1942 also, there was a strong sentiment in the hearts of many. At that time too, the routine work of the Sangh continued. Sangh decided not to do anything directly. ‘Sangh is the organization of inactive people, their talks have no substance’ was the opinion uttered not only by outsiders but also our own swayamsevaks””[23][24][25]
The British Government stated that the RSS was not at all supporting any civil disobedience against them, and as such their other political activities could be overlooked.[26]The Home Department was thereby of the opinion that the RSS did not constitute a menace to law and order in British India.[27][28]The Bombay government reported that the RSS had not, in any way, infringed upon government orders and had always shown a willingness to comply with the law. The same Bombay Government report further noted that in December 1940, orders had been issued to the provincial RSS leaders to desist from any activities that the British Government considered objectionable, and the RSS, in turn, had assured the British authorities that "it had no intentions of offending against the orders of the Government". [29][30]
Local violence[edit]
According to John F. Riddick, from 9 August 1942 to 21 September 1942, the Quit India movement:
attacked 550 post offices, 250 railway stations, damaged many rail lines, destroyed 70 police stations, and burned or damaged 85 other government buildings. There were about 2,500 instances of telegraph wires being cut. The greatest level of violence occurred in Bihar. The Government of India deployed 57 battalions of British troops to restore order.[31]
At the national level the lack of leadership meant the ability to galvanise rebellion was limited. The movement had a local impact in some areas. especially at Satara in Maharashtra, Talcher in Odisha, and Midnapore.[32] In Tamluk and Contai subdivisions of Midnapore, the local populace were successful in establishing parallel governments, which continued to function, until Gandhi personally requested the leaders to disband in 1944.[32] A minor uprising took place in Ballia, now the easternmost district of Uttar Pradesh. People overthrew the district administration, broke open the jail, released the arrested Congress leaders and established their own independent rule. It took weeks before the British could reestablish their writ in the district. Of special importance in Saurashtra (in western Gujarat) was the role of the region's 'baharvatiya' tradition (i.e. going outside the law) which abetted the sabotage activities of the movement there.[33] In rural west Bengal, the Quit India Movement was fueled by peasants' resentment against the new war taxes and the forced rice exports. There was open resistance to the point of rebellion in 1942 until the great famine of 1943 suspended the movement.[34]
Suppression of the movement[edit]
Picketing in front of Medical School at Bengaluru
One of the important achievements of the movement was to keep the Congress party united through all the trials and tribulations that followed. The British, already alarmed by the advance of the Japanese army to the India-Burma border, responded by imprisoning Gandhi. All the members of the Party's Working Committee (national leadership) were imprisoned as well. Due to the arrest of major leaders, a young and till then relatively unknown Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session on 9 August and hoisted the flag; later the Congress party was banned. These actions only created sympathy for the cause among the population. Despite lack of direct leadership, large protests and demonstrations were held all over the country. Workers remained absent en masse and strikes were called. Not all demonstrations were peaceful, at some places bombs exploded, government buildings were set on fire, electricity was cut and transport and communication lines were severed.[citation needed]
Play media
Video footage of the days during Quit India Movement
The British swiftly responded with mass detentions. Over 100,000 arrests were made, mass fines were levied and demonstrators were subjected to public flogging.[35] Hundreds of civilians were killed in violence many shot by the police army. Many national leaders went underground and continued their struggle by broadcasting messages over clandestine radio stations, distributing pamphlets and establishing parallel governments. The British sense of crisis was strong enough that a battleship was specifically set aside to take Gandhi and the Congress leaders out of India, possibly to South Africa or Yemen but ultimately did not take that step out of fear of intensifying the revolt.[36]
The Congress leadership was cut off from the rest of the world for over three years. Gandhi's wife Kasturbai Gandhi and his personal secretary Mahadev Desai died in months and Gandhi's health was failing, despite this Gandhi went on a 21-day fast and maintained his resolve to continuous resistance. Although the British released Gandhi on account of his health in 1944, Gandhi kept up the resistance, demanding the release of the Congress leadership.
By early 1944, India was mostly peaceful again, while the Congress leadership was still incarcerated. A sense that the movement had failed depressed many nationalists, while Jinnah and the Muslim League, as well as Congress opponents like the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Hindu Mahasabha sought to gain political mileage, criticizing Gandhi and the Congress Party.
See also[edit]
British Raj
Indian Independence Movement
Non-Cooperation Movement
Indian nationalism
Government of Azad Hind
Kallara-Pangode Struggle
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/1942-quit-india-movement
Jump up ^ Arthur Herman (2008). Gandhi & Churchill: The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age. Random House Digital. pp. 494–99. ISBN 9780553804638.
Jump up ^ 1 Rupee Coin of 1992 - Quit India Movement Golden Jubilee, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2bWubXDYWU
Jump up ^ Official Website of the Indian National Congress, sub-link to article titled The Second World War and the Congress. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2006. URL accessed on 20-Jul-2006
Jump up ^ Raghavan, Srinath, India's War - The Making of Modern South Asia 1939 - 1945, Allen Lane, London, 2016, ISBN 978-1-846-14542-4 Parameter error in {{isbn}}: Invalid ISBN., p. 320
Jump up ^ Barkawi, Tarak. Culture and Combat in the Colonies. The Indian Army in the Second World War. Journal of Contemporary History. 10000(2). pp. 325–355.
Jump up ^ Nasim Yousaf Hidden facts behind British India's freedom : a scholarly look into Allama Mashraqi and Quaid-e-Azam's political conflict, p.137.
Jump up ^ Wolpert, Jinnah of Pakistan (1984) pp 209, 215
Jump up ^ Martin Sieff, Shifting superpowers: the new and emerging relationship between the United States, China, and India (2009) p 21
Jump up ^ Syed Nesar Ahmad, Origins of Muslim consciousness in India: a world-system perspective (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991) pp 213–15
^ Jump up to: a b c Prabhu Bapu (2013). Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915–1930: Constructing Nation and History. Routledge. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-0-415-67165-1.
Jump up ^ Mookherjee, Shyama Prasad. Leaves from a Dairy. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
^ Jump up to: a b Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000), The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour, LeftWord Books, pp. 56–, ISBN 978-81-87496-13-7
Jump up ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1978). History of Modern Bengal. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
Jump up ^ K. Venugopal Reddy, "Working Class in ‘Quit India’ Movement," Indian Historical Review (2010) 37#2 pp275-289
Jump up ^ Stanley Wolpert, Jinnah of Pakistan (1984) p 210
Jump up ^ Eric D. Pullin, "'Noise and Flutter': American Propaganda Strategy and Operation in India during World War II," Diplomatic History, (April 2010) 34#2 pp 275–298 online at Academic Search Premier
Jump up ^ Andersen & Damle 1987, p. 44.
Jump up ^ Śekhara Bandyopādhyāẏa (1 January 2004). From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India. Orient Blackswan. pp. 422–. ISBN 978-81-250-2596-2.
Jump up ^ Bipan Chandra, Communalism 2008, p. 141.
Jump up ^ Noorani, RSS and the BJP 2000, p. 60.
Jump up ^ Bipan Chandra (2008). Communalism in Modern India. Har-Anand. pp. 140–. ISBN 978-81-241-1416-2.
Jump up ^ M.S. Golwalkar (1974). Shri Guruji Samagra Darshan, Volume 4. Bharatiya Vichar Sadhana.
Jump up ^ Ram Puniyani (21 July 2005). Religion, Power and Violence: Expression of Politics in Contemporary Times. SAGE Publications. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-0-7619-3338-0.
Jump up ^ Shamsul Islam (2006). Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: A Study of RSS. Media House. pp. 187–. ISBN 978-81-7495-236-3.
Jump up ^ Bipan Chandra, Communalism 2008, p. 140.
Jump up ^ Andersen & Damle 1987.
Jump up ^ Noorani, RSS and the BJP 2000, p. 46.
Jump up ^ Sumit Sarkar (2005). Beyond Nationalist Frames: Relocating Postmodernism, Hindutva, History. Permanent Black. pp. 258–. ISBN 978-81-7824-086-2.
Jump up ^ Partha Sarathi Gupta (1997). Towards Freedom 1943–44,Part III. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 3058–9. ISBN 978-0195638684.
Jump up ^ John F. Riddick, The History of British India: A Chronology (2006) p 115
^ Jump up to: a b Chakraborty, Bidyut Local Politics and Indian Nationalism: Midnapur (1919–1944).. Manohar. 1997.
Jump up ^ Jaykumar R. Shukla, "The Quit India Movement on Saurashtra," Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, 1981, 21#1 pp 3–8
Jump up ^ Sunil Sen, "Popular Participation in the Quit India Movement: Midnapur, 1942–44," Indian Historical Review, (Jan 1985) Vol. 12 Issue 1/2, pp 300–316
Jump up ^ D, Fisher D; Read A (1998). The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence. WW Norton. p. 330.
Jump up ^ D, Fisher D; Read A (1998). The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence. WW Norton. p. 329.
Works cited[edit]
Chandra, Bipan (2008), Communalism in Modern India, Har-Anand, ISBN 8124114161
Noorani, A. G. (2000), The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour, LeftWord Books, ISBN 978-81-87496-13-7
Further reading[edit]
Andersen, Walter K.; Damle, Shridhar D. (1987). The brotherhood in saffron: the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu revivalism. Westview Press.
Akbar, M.J. Nehru: The Making of India (Viking, 1988), popular biography
Buchanan, Andrew N. "The War Crisis and the Decolonization of India, December 1941–September 1942: A Political and Military Dilemma." Global War Studies 8.2 (2011): 5-31.
Chakrabarty, Bidyut. "Political Mobilization in the Localities: The 1942 Quit India Movement in Midnapur," Modern Asian Studies (1992) 26#4 pp. 791–814 in JSTOR
Chakrabarty, Bidyut. "Defiance and Confrontation: The 1942 Quit India Movement in Midnapur," Social Scientist (1992) Vol. 20, No. 7/8 in JSTOR
Chopra, P. N."'Quit India' Movement of 1942," Journal of Indian History, (1971) Vol. 49 Issue 145/147, pp 1–56
Clymer, Kenton J. Quest for Freedom: The United States and India's Independence (Columbia University Press, 1995) online edition
Greenough, Paul R. "Political Mobilization and the Underground Literature of the Quit India Movement, 1942–44," Modern Asian Studies, (1983) 17#3 pp. 353–386 in JSTOR
Herman, Arthur (2008). Gandhi & Churchill: The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age. Random House Digital. ISBN 9780553804638.
Hutchins, Francis G. India's Revolution: Gandhi and the Quit India Movement (1973)
Johnson, Robert. "The Army in India and Responses to Low-Intensity Conflict, 1936-1946." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 89.358 (2011): 159.
Krishan, Shri. "Crowd vigour and social identity: The Quit India Movement in western India." Indian Economic & Social History Review 33.4 (1996): 459-479.
Panigrahi; D. N. India's Partition: The Story of Imperialism in Retreat (Routledge, 2004) online edition
Pati, Biswamoy. "The climax of popular protest: The Quit India Movement in Orissa." Indian Economic & Social History Review 29.1 (1992): 1-35.
Patil, V. I. Gandhiji, Nehruji and the Quit India Movement (1984)
Read, Anthony, and David Fisher; The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence (W. W. Norton, 1999) online edition; detailed scholarly history
Venkataramani, M. S.; Shrivastava, B. K. Quit India: The American Response to the 1942 Struggle (1979)
Zaidi, A. Moin (1973). The way out to freedom: an inquiry into the Quit India Movement conducted by participants. Orientalia (India). p. 85.
Mansergh, Nicholas, and E. W. R. Lumby, eds. India: The Transfer of Power 1942-7. Vol. II. 'Quit India' 30 April-21 September 1942 (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1971), 1044pp
Muni, S. D. "The Quit India Movement: A Review Article," International Studies, (Jan 1977,) 16#1 pp 157–168,
Pran Nath Chopra; Shri Ram Bakshi (1986). Quit India Movement: British secret documents, Vol. 1. Interprint. p. 17. ISBN 81-85017-32-8.
External links[edit]
Rejected 'Quit India' resolution drafted by Mohandas K. Gandhi 27 April 1942
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text:
You Can Do It
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see You Can Do It (disambiguation).
"You Can Do It"
Single by Ice Cube featuring Mack 10 and Ms. Toi
from the album Next Friday (soundtrack) and War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)
Released
November 16, 1999
Format
CD single
Recorded
1999
Genre
Hip Hop, dirty rap
Length
4:19
Label
Warner Sunset
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
O'Shea Jackson, Dedrick Rolison
Producer(s)
One Eye
Ice Cube singles chronology
"Pushin' Weight"
(1998) "You Can Do It"
(1999) "Hello"
(2000)
"Pushin' Weight"
(1998) "You Can Do It"
(1999) "Hello"
(2000)
"You Can Do It" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the Next Friday soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as female rapper Ms. Toi. "You Can Do It" later used as the lead single on Cube's sixth studio album, War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc). The song also appears on his Greatest Hits and In the Movies compilations. It would also appear on the double platinum Save the Last Dance.
The song became Ice Cube's sixth and final top 40 hit in the US, peaking at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100, while also reaching number two on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles. In December 2004, the single was re-released in the UK and peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It has sold 165,000 copies in the UK as of 2015.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Charts
1.1 Weekly charts
1.2 Year-end charts
2 References
3 External links
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1999-2000)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100 35
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) 14
US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) 2
US Rhythmic (Billboard) 26
Chart (2004)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company) 2
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[2] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2000)
Position
Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks[3] 83
Billboard Hot Rap Singles[4] 7
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Number 1 today in 2005: The X Factor's very first winner". officialcharts.co. Official Charts Company. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Official R&B Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ Billboard Year-End Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks - 2000. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
Jump up ^ Billboard Year-End Hot Rap Singles - 2000. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
External links[edit]
Top 40 Charts
You Can Do It Vote Page (Poll)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Ice Cube
Studio albums
AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted
Death Certificate
The Predator
Lethal Injection
War & Peace Vol. 1
War & Peace Vol. 2
Laugh Now, Cry Later
Raw Footage
I Am the West
Extended plays
Kill at Will
Compilations
Bootlegs & B-Sides
Featuring...Ice Cube
Greatest Hits
In the Movies
The Essentials
Singles
"Endangered Species (Tales from the Darkside)"
"Steady Mobbin'"
"True to the Game"
"Wicked"
"It Was a Good Day"
"Check Yo Self"
"Really Doe"
"You Know How We Do It"
"Bop Gun (One Nation)"
"The World Is Mine"
"We Be Clubbin'"
"Men of Steel"
"Pushin' Weight"
"Hello"
"You Can Do It"
"Until We Rich"
"$100 Bill Y'all"
"Why We Thugs"
"Go to Church"
"Gangsta Rap Made Me Do It"
"Do Ya Thang"
"I Rep That West"
"Sic Them Youngins On 'Em"
Other songs
"No Vaseline"
Related articles
Discography
N.W.A
Westside Connection
C.I.A.
Da Lench Mob
Lench Mob Records
|
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Can_Do_It&oldid=807571899"
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Barbas (Charmed)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other people named Barba, see Barba (disambiguation).
Barbas
Charmed character
Billy Drago as Barbas
First appearance
February 10, 1999
(episode 1.13; "From Fear to Eternity")
Last appearance
September 12, 2004
(episode 7.01; "A Call to Arms")
Created by
Constance M. Burge
Portrayed by
Billy Drago
Information
Species
Upper Level Demon; Demon of Fear
Barbas, the Demon of Fear, is a fictional character cast as a major foe (an upper level demon in the Charmed universe) from the WB Television Network television series Charmed, who had the ability to sense the greatest fears of his opponent(s) and use it against them. He was played by Billy Drago and repeatedly plotted against the Charmed Ones—the three sisters who happen to become powerful good witches.
Contents
[hide]
1 Episode appearance
2 Powers
3 See also
4 Episode footnotes
5 References
Episode appearance[edit]
"From Fear to Eternity"
Episode 13, Season 1, first shown 10 February 1999
He makes his first appearance on Friday the 13th. His plan is to kill 13 unmarried witches, by using their greatest fears to scare them to death, before midnight or else he will stay trapped in the underworld. If he succeeds, he will be allowed to wreak havoc on the world, every single day. Prue Halliwell believes she vanquishes him by overcoming her fear when he targets her, but it is later revealed he is not dead but in purgatory.
"Ms. Hellfire"
Episode 9, Season 2, first shown 13 January 2000:
It is another Friday the 13th, and Barbas somehow manages to return, angry at the sisters for previously having defeated him. It is revealed that if he is able to defeat the Charmed Ones, who stopped him previously, he will be able to leave Purgatory. Because Barbas is stuck in Purgatory he is unable to kill the sisters himself, so he hires Bane Jessup and Ms. Hellfire, two assassins, to kill the sisters for him. Prue repels the bullets using her powers, killing Ms. Hellfire and Bane is later caught and ends up in jail, which leaves Barbas in purgatory.
"Sympathy for the Demon"
Episode 6, Season 5, first shown 3 November 2002
After learning how to astral project, Barbas manipulates Cole Turner into getting rid of his powers. After taking his powers Barbas is once again free from Purgatory. He attacks the sisters at their home, using their fears against them. Eventually Paige is able to expose him to a potion that strips Barbas of the stolen powers and gives them back to Cole. After his powers are returned he vanquishes Barbas by shooting him with an energy ball.
"Crimes and Witch Demeanors"
Episode 18, Season 6, first shown 25 April 2004
Barbas returns, brought back from Purgatory by a Tribunal of powerful good and evil leaders to prosecute the sisters' for misusing magic. However, he actually set up the sisters by possessing people with phantasms, which lead to them using magic would be exposed without their knowledge. In the end his plot is exposed, but he proves that Phoebe has been reckless with her magic, leading to her being temporally being stripped of her powers. As a stipulation of the trial, after winning the case Barbas is now free of Purgatory. Barbas also discovers the Elder Gideon's worst fear, that others will find out that Gideon plans to kill Wyatt Halliwell, but promises to tell no one.
"It's a Bad, Bad, Bad, Bad World (Part 1)" / "It's a Bad, Bad, Bad, Bad World (Part 2)"
Double-hour season finale Episode 22–23, Season 6, first shown 16 May 2004
The sisters are accidentally sent to a parallel world where evil is dominant, and encounter evil versions of themselves and a good version of "Barbas" who is the Demon of Hope. The good version of Barbas reveals that his counterpart and Gideon are working together to kill Wyatt. The evil Charmed Ones send their counterparts home, and work to stop Barbas and Gideon. Leo eventually tracks down and kills Gideon to restore balance to both worlds, while Barbas watches secretly.
"A Call to Arms"
Episode 1, Season 7, first shown 12 September 2004
Barbas is being tracked by Leo for conspiring with Gideon. In this episode he tries to kill the sisters by infecting Piper and Leo with their worst fears. Although he manipulates Leo into killing an Elder, he fails yet again to kill the sisters as Phoebe and Paige are there to help them. Phoebe and Paige make a strong vanquishing potion, using it against Barbas. Before being vanquished, Barbas states that he will return again because "fear always comes back".
Powers[edit]
Barbas is a very powerful upper level demon. He has the powers of:
Flaming.
Energy ball throwing.
Fear projection.
Sensing.
Hypnosis.
Intangibility.
Astral projection.
Voice manipulation.
See also[edit]
Barbas
Episode footnotes[edit]
References[edit]
hide
v
t
e
Charmed
Awards and nominations
Series
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Comics and novels and short stories
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10
Characters
Prue Halliwell
Piper Halliwell
Phoebe Halliwell
Paige Matthews
Darryl Morris
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Cole Turner
Billie Jenkins
Coop
Henry Mitchell
Kyra
Barbas
Christy Jenkins
Episodes
"Something Wicca This Way Comes"
"All Hell Breaks Loose"
"Charmed Again"
"Forever Charmed"
Other media
Board games
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"How Soon Is Now?"
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Power of Three
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Charmed (2018 TV series)
Category:Charmed (TV series)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbas_(Charmed)&oldid=790185222"
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text:
Eagles–Redskins rivalry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Eagles–Redskins
Philadelphia Eagles
Washington Redskins
First meeting
October 21, 1934
Boston Redskins 6, Philadelphia Eagles 0
Latest meeting
September 10, 2017
FedEx Field
PHI 30, WSH 17
Next meeting
October 23, 2017
Lincoln Financial Field
Statistics
Meetings total
167 meetings[1]
All-time series
WSH lead 86–75–6[1]
Postseason results
WSH 1–0[1]
Current win streak
PHI 1 Win (2017–present)
The Eagles–Redskins rivalry is a rivalry between the Philadelphia Eagles and Washington Redskins of the National Football League. The rivalry began in 1934, during the time the Redskins played in Boston. The Washington Redskins lead in all-time series 86–74–6. The Redskins have won 3 Super Bowls and 2 NFL Championships, while the Eagles have won 3 NFL Championships. The rivalry is one of the most heated rivalries in the NFL, and has featured some of the most memorable moments in NFL history. The rivalry is most notable for the "Body Bag Game", where the Eagles knocked out eight Redskins players in a game in 1990.
The rivalry can be attributed to the close proximity of Philadelphia and Washington D.C., which is mirrored in the National Hockey League's Capitals-Flyers rivalry.
Contents
[hide]
1 Game by Game Results
1.1 1930s (Redskins 9–2)
1.2 1940s (Eagles 10–8–2)
1.3 1950s (Eagles 10–9–1)
1.4 1960s (Tied 9–9–2)
1.5 1970s (Redskins 15-4-1)
1.6 1980s (Redskins 13–7)
1.7 1990s (Eagles 13–8)
1.8 2000s (Eagles 13–7)
1.9 2010s (Redskins 8–7)
2 References
Game by Game Results[edit]
The following is a list of results from all of the meetings between the Eagles and Redskins from their first meeting on October 21, 1934, through the most recent game on December 11, 2016.
Eagles victory Redskins victory Tied game Post season meeting Overtime result
1930s (Redskins 9–2)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1934 October 21 Boston Redskins 6-0 Philadelphia Eagles Fenway Park
November 18 Boston Redskins 14-7 Philadelphia Eagles Baker Bowl
1935 November 3 Philadelphia Eagles 7-6 Boston Redskins Fenway Park
1936 September 20 Boston Redskins 26-3 Philadelphia Eagles Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
October 18 Boston Redskins 17-7 Philadelphia Eagles Fenway Park
1937 October 10 Philadelphia Eagles 14-0 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
October 24 Washington Redskins 10-7 Philadelphia Eagles Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
1938 September 11 Washington Redskins 26-23 Philadelphia Eagles Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
October 23 Washington Redskins 20-14 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1939 September 17 Washington Redskins 7-0 Philadelphia Eagles Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
November 5 Washington Redskins 7-6 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1940s (Eagles 10–8–2)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1940 October 20 Washington Redskins 34-17 Philadelphia Eagles Connie Mack Stadium
December 1 Washington Redskins 13-6 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1941 October 19 Washington Redskins 21-17 Philadelphia Eagles Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
December 7 Washington Redskins 20-14 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1942 October 4 Washington Redskins 14-10 Philadelphia Eagles Connie Mack Stadium
November 1 Washington Redskins 30-27 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1943 November 7 Tie 14-14 Tie Connie Mack Stadium
November 28 Phil-Pitt Steagles 27-14 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1944 October 8 Tie 31-31 Tie Connie Mack Stadium
November 19 Philadelphia Eagles 37-7 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1945 October 21 Washington Redskins 24-14 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
November 25 Philadelphia Eagles 16-0 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
1946 October 27 Philadelphia Eagles 28-24 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
November 24 Washington Redskins 27-10 Philadelphia Eagles Connie Mack Stadium
1947 September 28 Philadelphia Eagles 45-42 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
November 2 Philadelphia Eagles 38-14 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1948 October 17 Philadelphia Eagles 45-0 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
November 21 Philadelphia Eagles 42-21 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
1949 October 23 Philadelphia Eagles 49-14 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
November 13 Philadelphia Eagles 44-21 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1950s (Eagles 10–9–1)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1950 October 29 Philadelphia Eagles 35-3 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
November 12 Philadelphia Eagles 33-0 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1951 October 28 Washington Redskins 27-23 Philadelphia Eagles Connie Mack Stadium
December 2 Philadelphia Eagles 35-21 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1952 November 9 Philadelphia Eagles 38-20 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
December 14 Washington Redskins 27-21 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1953 October 2 Tie 21-21 Tie Connie Mack Stadium
December 6 Washington Redskins 10-0 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1954 October 17 Philadelphia Eagles 49-21 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
November 28 Philadelphia Eagles 41-33 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
1955 October 1 Washington Redskins 31-30 Philadelphia Eagles Connie Mack Stadium
November 6 Washington Redskins 34-21 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1956 October 6 Philadelphia Eagles 13-9 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
December 9 Washington Redskins 19-17 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1957 November 24 Philadelphia Eagles 21-12 Washington Redskins Connie Mack Stadium
December 8 Washington Redskins 42-7 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1958 September 28 Washington Redskins 24-14 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
December 14 Washington Redskins 20-0 Philadelphia Eagles Griffith Stadium
1959 November 1 Philadelphia Eagles 30-23 Washington Redskins Franklin Field
December 6 Philadelphia Eagles 34-14 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1960s (Tied 9–9–2)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1960 November 13 Philadelphia Eagles 19-13 Washington Redskins Franklin Field
December 18 Philadelphia Eagles 38-28 Washington Redskins Griffith Stadium
1961 September 24 Philadelphia Eagles 14-7 Washington Redskins Franklin Field
October 29 Philadelphia Eagles 27-24 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium
1962 October 21 Washington Redskins 27-21 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
December 2 Philadelphia Eagles 37-14 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium
1963 October 21 Philadelphia Eagles 37-24 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium
November 24 Washington Redskins 13-10 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
1964 October 11 Washington Redskins 35-20 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
November 1 Washington Redskins 21-10 Philadelphia Eagles D.C. Stadium
1965 October 11 Washington Redskins 23-21 Philadelphia Eagles D.C. Stadium
November 14 Philadelphia Eagles 21-14 Washington Redskins Franklin Field
1966 October 30 Washington Redskins 27-13 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
December 18 Philadelphia Eagles 37-28 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium
1967 September 17 Philadelphia Eagles 35-24 Washington Redskins Franklin Field
December 3 Tie 35-35 Tie D.C. Stadium
1968 October 6 Washington Redskins 17-14 Philadelphia Eagles D.C. Stadium
November 10 Washington Redskins 16-10 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
1969 November 9 Tie 28-28 Tie RFK Stadium
December 7 Washington Redskins 34-29 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
1970s (Redskins 15-4-1)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1970 October 4 Washington Redskins 33-21 Philadelphia Eagles Franklin Field
December 13 Washington Redskins 24-6 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1971 November 7 Tie 7-7 Tie RFK Stadium
November 28 Washington Redskins 20-13 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1972 October 8 Washington Redskins 14-0 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
December 3 Washington Redskins 23-7 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1973 September 30 Washington Redskins 28-7 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
December 16 Washington Redskins 38-20 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1974 November 10 Washington Redskins 27-20 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
November 24 Washington Redskins 26-7 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1975 October 5 Philadelphia Eagles 26-10 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
December 21 Philadelphia Eagles 26-3 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
1976 September 27 Washington Redskins 20-17 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
November 28 Washington Redskins 24-0 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1977 October 30 Washington Redskins 23-17 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
November 13 Washington Redskins 17-14 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1978 September 10 Washington Redskins 35-30 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
October 15 Philadelphia Eagles 17-10 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
1979 October 7 Philadelphia Eagles 28-17 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
October 21 Washington Redskins 17-7 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1980s (Redskins 13–7)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1980 October 5 Philadelphia Eagles 24-14 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
November 16 Philadelphia Eagles 24-0 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
1981 September 27 Philadelphia Eagles 36-13 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
December 6 Washington Redskins 15-13 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1982 September 12 Washington Redskins 37-34 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
November 28 Washington Redskins 13-9 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1983 September 11 Washington Redskins 23-13 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
November 27 Washington Redskins 28-24 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
1984 September 11 Washington Redskins 20-0 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
November 27 Philadelphia Eagles 16-10 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
1985 September 22 Philadelphia Eagles 19-6 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
December 8 Washington Redskins 17-12 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1986 September 7 Washington Redskins 41-14 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
December 21 Washington Redskins 21-14 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1987 September 13 Washington Redskins 34-24 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
November 8 Philadelphia Eagles 31-27 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
1988 September 18 Washington Redskins 17-10 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
December 4 Washington Redskins 20-19 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1989 September 17 Philadelphia Eagles 42-37 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
November 12 Washington Redskins 10-3 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1990s (Eagles 13–8)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
1990 Sun October 21 Washington Redskins 13-7 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
Mon November 12 Philadelphia Eagles 28-14 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sat January 5 Washington Redskins 20-6 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1991 Mon September 30 Washington Redskins 23-0 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
Sun December 22 Philadelphia Eagles 24-22 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
1992 Sun October 18 Washington Redskins 16-12 Philadelphia Eagles RFK Stadium
Sun December 20 Philadelphia Eagles 17-13 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
1993 Sun September 19 Philadelphia Eagles 34-31 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sun November 28 Philadelphia Eagles 17-14 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
1994 Sun October 9 Philadelphia Eagles 21-17 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sun October 30 Philadelphia Eagles 31-29 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
1995 Sun October 8 Philadelphia Eagles 37-34 (OT) Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sun November 26 Philadelphia Eagles 14-7 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
1996 Sun September 1 Philadelphia Eagles 17-14 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium
Sun November 17 Washington Redskins 26-21 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
1997 Sun October 5 Philadelphia Eagles 24-10 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sun December 21 Washington Redskins 35-32 Philadelphia Eagles Jack Kent Cooke Stadium
1998 Sun October 11 Philadelphia Eagles 17-12 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sun November 15 Washington Redskins 28-3 Philadelphia Eagles Jack Kent Cooke Stadium
1999 Sun November 14 Philadelphia Eagles 35-28 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
Sun November 28 Washington Redskins 20-17 (OT) Philadelphia Eagles Jack Kent Cooke Stadium
2000s (Eagles 13–7)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
2000 Sun October 8 Washington Redskins 17-14 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
Sun November 26 Philadelphia Eagles 23-20 Washington Redskins FedExField
2001 Sun November 25 Washington Redskins 13-03 Philadelphia Eagles Veterans Stadium
Sun December 16 Philadelphia Eagles 20-06 Washington Redskins FedExField
2002 Mon September 16 Philadelphia Eagles 37-07 Washington Redskins FedExField
Sun December 15 Philadelphia Eagles 34-21 Washington Redskins Veterans Stadium
2003 Sun October 5 Philadelphia Eagles 27-25 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
Sat December 27 Philadelphia Eagles 31-07 Washington Redskins FedExField
2004 Sun November 21 Philadelphia Eagles 28-06 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
Sun December 12 Philadelphia Eagles 17-14 Washington Redskins FedExField
2005 Sun November 6 Washington Redskins 17-10 Philadelphia Eagles FedExField
Sun January 1 Washington Redskins 31-20 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
2006 Sun November 12 Philadelphia Eagles 27-03 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
Sun December 10 Philadelphia Eagles 21-19 Washington Redskins FedExField
2007 Mon September 17 Washington Redskins 20-12 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
Sun November 11 Philadelphia Eagles 33-25 Washington Redskins FedExField
2008 Sun October 5 Washington Redskins 23-17 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
Sun December 21 Washington Redskins 10-03 Philadelphia Eagles FedExField
2009 Mon October 26 Philadelphia Eagles 27-17 Washington Redskins FedExField
Sun November 29 Philadelphia Eagles 27-24 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
2010s (Redskins 8–7)[edit]
Season
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
2010 Sun October 3 Washington Redskins 17-12 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
Mon November 15 Philadelphia Eagles 59-28 Washington Redskins FedExField
2011 Sun October 16 Philadelphia Eagles 20-13 Washington Redskins FedExField
Sun January 1 Philadelphia Eagles 34-10 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
2012 Sun November 18 Washington Redskins 31-06 Philadelphia Eagles FedExField
Sun December 23 Washington Redskins 27-20 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
2013 Mon September 9 Philadelphia Eagles 33-27 Washington Redskins FedExField
Sun November 17 Philadelphia Eagles 24-16 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
2014 Sun September 21 Philadelphia Eagles 37-34 Washington Redskins Lincoln Financial Field
Sat December 20 Washington Redskins 27-24 Philadelphia Eagles FedExField
2015 Sun October 4 Washington Redskins 23-20 Philadelphia Eagles FedExField
Sat December 26 Washington Redskins 38-24 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
2016 Sun October 16 Washington Redskins 27-20 Philadelphia Eagles FedExField
Sun December 11 Washington Redskins 27-22 Philadelphia Eagles Lincoln Financial Field
2017 Sun September 10 Philadelphia Eagles 30-17 Washington Redskins FedExField
Franchise in Boston prior to 1937
NFC First-Round Playoff
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c ALL-TIME TEAM VS. TEAM RESULTS. static.nfl.com
[show]
v
t
e
Philadelphia Eagles
Founded in 1933
Based and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Franchise
Franchise
History
Seasons
Coaches
Quarterbacks
Players
Stadiums
Baker Bowl
Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
Connie Mack Stadium
Franklin Field
Veterans Stadium
Lincoln Financial Field
Culture
Fly, Eagles Fly
Swoop
Curse of Billy Penn
The Lombardi Curse
Invincible
Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame
Matt Guokas Sr.
Dan Baker
Cheerleaders
"The Gang Gets Invincible" (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia episode)
Silver Linings Playbook
The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon
Lore
Frankford Yellow Jackets
Pennsylvania Keystoners
"Pennsylvania Polka"
Steagles
"Happy Hundred"
Miracle at the Meadowlands
Buddy Ball
Fog Bowl
Bounty Bowl series
Body Bag Game
4th and 26
Miracle at the New Meadowlands
Rivalries
Dallas Cowboys
New York Giants
Washington Redskins
Pittsburgh Steelers
Division championships (13)
1947
1948
1949
1960
1980
1988
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2010
2013
Conference championships (3)
1960
1980
2004
League championships (3)
1948
1949
1960
Retired numbers
5
15
20
40
44
60
70
92
99
Media
Broadcasters
WTEL
WIP-FM
Merrill Reese
Mike Quick
Current league affiliations
League: National Football League
Conference: National Football Conference
Division: East Division
Seasons (85)
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Championship seasons in bold
[show]
v
t
e
Washington Redskins
Founded in 1932
Formerly the Boston Braves (1932) and Boston Redskins (1933–36)
Based in Landover, Maryland
Headquartered in Ashburn, Virginia
Franchise
Franchise
History
Seasons
Players
Coaches
First-round draft picks
Draft
Starting quarterbacks
Broadcasters
Stadiums
Braves Field
Fenway Park
Griffith Stadium
RFK Stadium
FedExField
Culture
Redskins Band
"Hail to the Redskins"
Hogettes
Cheerleaders
Chief Zee
Joe Gibbs
Team name controversy
Name change advocates
Trademark dispute
Opinion polls
Original Americans Foundation
"Go Fund Yourself" (South Park episode)
Lore
Redskins 0, Bears 73
The Hogs
The Fun Bunch
The Over-the-Hill Gang
The Body Bag Game
Redskins Rule
Ricky Williams trade
Rivalries
Dallas Cowboys
New York Giants
Philadelphia Eagles
Division championships (14)
1936
1937
1940
1942
1943
1945
1972
1983
1984
1987
1991
1999
2012
2015
Conference championships (5)
1972
1982
1983
1987
1991
League championships (5)
1937
1942
1982 (XVII)
1987 (XXII)
1991 (XXVI)
Hall of Fame players
Battles
Baugh
Dudley
Edwards
Green
Grimm
Hanburger
Houston
Huff
D. Jones
S. Jones
Jurgensen
Krause
Millner
Mitchell
Monk
Riggins
Smith
Taylor
All-time leaders
Passing
Receiving
Rushing
Kick and punt returning
Current league affiliations
League: National Football League
Conference: National Football Conference
Division: East Division
Seasons (86)
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Championship seasons in bold
[show]
v
t
e
National Football League rivalries
American Football Conference
AFC East
Bills–Dolphins
Bills–Jets
Bills–Patriots
Dolphins–Jets
Dolphins–Patriots
Jets–Patriots
AFC North
Bengals–Browns
Bengals–Steelers
Browns–Steelers
Ravens–Steelers
AFC South
Jaguars–Titans
Texans–Titans
AFC West
Broncos–Chargers
Broncos–Chiefs
Broncos–Raiders
Chargers–Chiefs
Chargers–Raiders
Chiefs–Raiders
Intraconference
Broncos–Patriots
Colts–Patriots
Raiders–Steelers
Steelers–Titans
National Football Conference
NFC East
Cowboys–Eagles
Cowboys–Giants
Cowboys–Redskins
Eagles–Giants
Eagles–Redskins
Giants–Redskins
NFC North
Bears–Lions
Bears–Packers
Bears–Vikings
Lions–Vikings
Lions–Packers
Packers–Vikings
NFC South
Buccaneers–Panthers
Buccaneers–Saints
Falcons–Panthers
Falcons–Saints
NFC West
49ers–Rams
49ers–Seahawks
Intraconference
49ers–Cowboys
49ers–Giants
Cowboys–Packers
Panthers–Seahawks
Interconference
Buccaneers–Dolphins
Cowboys–Steelers
Eagles–Steelers
Giants–Jets
Governor's Cup
Missouri
Texas
Players
Tom Brady–Peyton Manning
| |}
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