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Grieg's music in popular culture
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The music of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg has been used extensively in media, music education, and popular music.
Contents
1 Music education
2 References to Grieg's music in popular culture
2.1 Peer Gynt
2.1.1 "In the Hall of the Mountain King"
2.1.1.1 Music
2.1.1.2 Film and TV
2.1.1.3 Video games
2.1.1.4 Other uses
2.1.2 "Morning"
2.1.3 "Death of Åse"
2.2 Piano Sonata
2.3 "Brothers, Sing On!"
2.4 Other pieces
3 See also
4 References
Music education[edit]
For the 150th anniversary of his birth, Norway organized a huge celebration, "Grieg in the Schools", which included programs for children from pre-school to secondary school in 1993. The programs were repeated in 1996 in Germany, and called "Grieg in der Schule", in which over a thousand students participated. There were Grieg observances in 39 countries, from Mexico to Moscow.[1]
Further celebrations of Grieg and his music were held in 2007, the 100th anniversary of his death. Bosnia and Herzegovina held a large-scale celebration, featuring Peer Gynt and the Piano Concerto in a public concert for children and adults.[2][3] The July 2007 Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference featured Grieg's works.[4]
The Bergen University College, and later, the University of Bergen both named their tertiary music departments "Griegakademiet", in honor of Grieg.[5]
References to Grieg's music in popular culture[edit]
This article may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (November 2012)
Peer Gynt[edit]
Main article: Peer Gynt (Grieg)
In 1960 Duke Ellington recorded a jazz interpretation of "Peer Gynt" in his Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G. album. A struggle ensued in Norway between the Grieg Foundation and its supporters, who found the recordings offensive to Norwegian culture, and Norwegian supporters of Ellington. Ellington's versions were withdrawn from distribution in the country until 1967, when Grieg's copyrights expired.[6]
"In the Hall of the Mountain King"[edit]
Main article: In the Hall of the Mountain King
Music[edit]
Possibly, the first jazz rendition of "In the hall of the mountain king" was made by Alvino Rey (and His Orchestra) in 1941. Rey recorded also a version of "Anitra's Dance". American Bass Trombonist George Roberts recorded a jazz rendition of the song, playing the melody on his bass trombone. It appeared in his 1959 album "Meet Mr. Roberts" as the first song, entitled "In The Hall of the Mountain King".[7]
Nero & the Gladiators had a No. 48 hit on the British charts in 1961.[8]
A heavy rock version of the song appears on the album "Big Brother & the Holding Company: Live in San Francisco 1966" by the American rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company, although it was actually recorded at television station KQED in San Francisco on April 25, 1967.[9]
British rock band The Who recorded another performance of "Hall of the Mountain King" in 1967. This version went unreleased until 1995, when it appeared as a bonus track on a CD reissue of The Who Sell Out.[10][11][12] Tucson Weekly has called this cover a "Who-freakout arrangement"[13] One reviewer calls The Who's version the "weirdest of these" covers on the CD, and says it is "a rendition of the corresponding extract from Grieg's Peer Gynt suite ... [yet] it hardly sounds like Grieg here, anyway..." Another says that "the main function of the composition is to evoke thoughts of (naturally) King Crimson and (unnaturally) Pink Floyd, because in parts it sounds exactly like 'Interstellar Overdrive'."[14]
Electric Light Orchestra recorded a 6:37 long version of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" in 1973 as the concluding selection of their album On the Third Day and performed it with Great Balls of Fire in 1974 for their live album The Night the Light Went On in Long Beach.
Progressive metal band Savatage's song "Prelude to Madness" is an arrangement of Grieg's "In the Hall of the Mountain King". It is included on their 1985 album Hall of the Mountain King which also includes a song of the same name which, however, is an original composition.[15]
The music of Foetus's song "Enter the Exterminator" from his 1985 album Nail is based on Grieg's "In the Hall of the Mountain King".[16]
Dutch symphonic metal band Epica performed a rendition of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" with the Extended Reményi Ede Chamber Orchestra at the Miskolc Opera Festival for their 2009 live album The Classical Conspiracy.[17]
British rock band Marillion included the main melody of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" in a live version of "Margaret" found on the b-side of the Garden Party single, and also on the b-sides compilation album B'Sides Themselves. The song was recorded at Edinburgh Playhouse, April 7, 1983. [18][self-published source]
K-Pop band SF9 include the main melody of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" in their song "Jungle Game" from the album "Burning Sensation".[19]
Power metal/Progressive metal band Kamelot based a song called 'Forever' on the melody of Solveigs' Song. This is also mentioned by their now previous singer Roy Khan, who is also Norwegian, on their live DVD 'One Cold Winters Night' [20]
Film and TV[edit]
D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) used the song to build up to the Union attack on Atlanta. The song had by that time already been used in film scores, whether for Ibsen's play or other works; yet the popularity of Griffith's film helped to establish it in American popular imagination.[21][22]
"In the Hall of the Mountain King" plays a major plot point in Fritz Lang's early sound film M. Peter Lorre's character of child killer Hans Beckert whistles the tune whenever he is overcome with the urge to commit murder. However, Lorre himself could not whistle – it is actually Lang who is heard.[23] The film was one of the first to use a leitmotif, associating "In the Hall of the Mountain King" with the Lorre character. Later in the film, the mere sound of the song lets the audience know that he is nearby, off-screen. This association of a musical theme with a particular character or situation, a technique borrowed from opera, became a staple in film.[21][24]
In the 1993 animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, "In the Hall of the Mountain King" is sampled as part of the show's opening theme alongside "Flight of the Bumblebee" and the theme from the original Sonic the Hedgehog video game. The tune also serves as a leitmotif for antagonists Scratch and Grounder.
In 2004, Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers had "Petey's King of France," sung to the tune.
The song was used to title an episode of Mad Men, where the protagonist Donald Draper flashes back to the time spent with Anna Draper, the widow of his superior officer against whom he had committed identity theft. When Dick, young Don, is in California he pays her a visit where she is teaching a piano lesson. The boy is playing Grieg's piece, to which Dick comments the song is scary.
An electronic cover was arranged, programmed and performed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for David Fincher's 2010 film The Social Network. The music plays over a scene of competitive rowing, as the Winklevoss twins lose to another team. This loss, as well as several other events, lead the twins to decide to take legal action against Mark Zuckerberg for Facebook.
The song is used during the early mining scene in "The Snow Queen 2" (2014), to accompany Orm’s accidents with overloaded mining cars. Orm makes up lyrics for the first few bars: “There once lived a lucky troll who was loved by every soul.”
"Hair Up" is a trap version of this song used in Trolls (film).
Video games[edit]
In the final challenge of the 2016 video game The Witness, the song is utilized to make the player feel a sense of urgency.[original research?]
The 1983 video game Mountain King uses the theme as background music throughout.
It is later given an 8-bit remix with Beethoven's 9th Symphony, the fourth movement in particular, in Just Dance 2018. with the title In The Hall Of The Pixel King
Other uses[edit]
In the safety demonstration animation that states the illegality of smoking in the CRH (China Railway High-Speed) the "In the Hall of the Mountain King" from the Peer Gynt Suite No. 1 is applied as the background music to accompany a smoker's behaviors before attempting smoking and while smoking, followed by the emergency brake of the train and finally the crying smoker under arrest by 2 policemen.
British theme park Alton Towers uses the piece in TV commercials, and as a soundtrack for various locations around the park.
"Morning"[edit]
Main article: Morning Mood
Many people first heard "Morning" and "In the Hall of the Mountain King" when it was used in Warner Brothers cartoons featured in The Bugs Bunny Show in the 60s.[citation needed]
Jay and the Americans recorded a rock and roll cover song known as Dawning, in 1962.
"Morning" was later used in the 1973 film Soylent Green as the music selected by Edward G. Robinson's character to listen to as he lay dying.
In 1998, The Simpsons episode "Bart Carny" paid homage to its use in older cartoons in a sequence where a cheeseburger unwraps in the early sunlight.[25]
Later in the same year, German musical project In-Mood feat. Juliette sampled the theme for their song "Ocean of Light."[26][27]
It is also used as the opening theme music in PopCap Games' video game Peggle, accompanying the animation of a rising sun.
"Death of Åse"[edit]
The main melody of "The Death of Åse" is used in the song "Thokk" by the black metal band Pensées Nocturnes and in the song "Dolls and Ravens" by the doom metal band Consummatum Est. "Solveigs' Song," and "The Death of Åse" were both included in the soundtrack of Terrence Malick's 2015 film "Knight of Cups."
Piano Sonata[edit]
The motion picture The First Legion used Grieg's Piano Sonata in E minor as a way to introduce a Jesuit priest's prayer. The priest, Father Fulton, plays the sonata as a way of connecting himself to the other Jesuits, when "forced to revise their standards of belief after experiencing first a makeshift and later a 'real' miracle."[28]
"Brothers, Sing On!"[edit]
The folk song "Brothers, Sing On!" ( EG 170 - in the original Norwegian "Sangerhilsen") was written by Grieg with lyrics by Sigv. Skavlan, with English language lyrics by Herbert Dalmas and/or Howard McKinney.[29][30] The Mohawk-Hudson Male Chorus Association (MHMCA) presented a massed concert, with 90 male singers, at the historic Troy Savings Bank Music Hall on May 3, 2008, entitled "Brothers, Sing On!", with the titular song, which was also adopted as the organization's theme song in 1974.[31] They had previously performed the same song in the same venue in 2002.[32]
The University of Northern Iowa has gone so far as to name its web site and to start every concert with this song:
What if all men, everywhere in the world, could get together and sing? If there was just one song that could be sung, in a true spirit of peace and brotherhood, "Brothers, Sing On!" by Edvard Grieg would be it. "Brothers, Sing On!" is the timeless gem in many men’s choral repertoire. It has been called the ‘international anthem’ of men’s choral singing. For nearly 50 years, "Brothers, Sing On!" has been the mainstay of our Glee Club’s repertoire. We have sung it from the top of Mount Vesuvius; a glacier in the Tyrolean Alps; the ancient castles and underground slate mines of Wales; the deck of a ship on the tossing Irish Sea; the Coliseum in Rome, and a great many places in between. We salute the many excellent men’s choirs throughout the world, especially the collegiate men’s glee clubs, those ‘wandering troubadours’ whom we hope will inspire future generations of singers.
—  the Brothers, Sing On! web site, [29]
Other pieces[edit]
The musical Song of Norway, based very loosely on Grieg's life and using his music, was created in 1944 by Robert Wright and George Forrest and a film version was released in 1970. The 1957 made-for-TV movie musical The Pied Piper of Hamelin uses Grieg's music almost exclusively, with "In the Hall of the Mountain King" being the melody that the Piper (Van Johnson) plays to rid the town of rats.
Eric Morecambe famously played "all the right notes, just not necessarily in the right order" of Grieg's Piano Concerto in a sketch on the 1971 Morecambe and Wise Christmas special that featured Andre Previn.
See also[edit]
Ásatrú
Germanic neopaganism
List of compositions by Edvard Grieg
Neo-Medieval
Grieg Academy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ MNC Web Site, Edvard Grieg Remembered
Jump up ^ Grieg07 - English - Home
Jump up ^ Norveska Official web site for Bosnia-Herzegovina
Jump up ^ Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference web site
Jump up ^ "Griegakademiets historie". Griegakademiet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 26 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Cooke, Mervyn and David Horn (2003) The Cambridge Companion to Jazz
Jump up ^ "George Roberts – Meet Mr. Roberts – George Roberts And His Big Bass Trombone (Vinyl, LP, Album) at Discogs". Discogs. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Brown, Tony, Jon Kutner & Neil Warwick, The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums, Omnibus Press, London, 2002, p. 712
Jump up ^ AllMusic Review by Richie Unterberger
Jump up ^ The Who dot Net web site Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ 200th Anniversary celebration of Grieg
Jump up ^ NNdB web site
Jump up ^ Tucson Weekly
Jump up ^ Only Solitaire
Jump up ^ Phillips, Fred (28 September 2015). "Savatage, "Prelude to Madness / Hall of the Mountain King" (1987): One Track Mind". Something Else! Reviews. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Duxbury, Janell R. (2000). "Rockin' the Classics and Classicizin' the Rock: A Selectively Annotated Discography: Second Supplement". Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Epica To Release 'The Classical Conspiracy' Double Live Album". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. 12 March 2009. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Duxbury, Janell R. (5 February 2001). Rockin' the Classics and Classicizin' the Rock: A Selectively Annotated Discography: Second Supplement. Xlibris. p. 144. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Share+Music (2017-02-05), SF9 (에스에프나인) - Jungle Game, retrieved 2017-04-27
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqqPYySZnVY
^ Jump up to: a b Powrie, Phil and Robynn Jeananne Stilwell (2006) Changing Tunes: The Use of Pre-existing Music in Film
Jump up ^ Barbara Saltzman, "Griffith's 'Birth of a Nation' Reborn on Lumivision Disc," Los Angeles Times, June 21, 1991. Found at LA Times archives. Accessed May 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ Falkenberg, Paul (2004). "Classroom Tapes — M". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
Jump up ^ Costantini, Gustavo. "Leitmotif revisited". Filmsound. Retrieved 2006-05-10.
Jump up ^ "The Simpsons (Classic): "Bart Carny"". avclub.com. Retrieved 20 Sep 2015.
Jump up ^ "In-Mood; Juliette - Musik / Poplexikon.de". SWR 3 (in German). August 7, 2007. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "In-Mood feat. Juliette - Ocean Of Light". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Lutz Koepnick, The Dark Mirror: German Cinema between Hitler and Hollywood, Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism, 32, found at U.C. Press web site.
^ Jump up to: a b University of Northern Iowa Varsity Men’s Glee Club (Brothers Sing On!) official web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Choralnet ideas web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ "In 1974 'Brothers, Sing On!,' by Edvard Grieg, was adopted as the organization's theme song." See Conductor's Club web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ BH Singing web site Archived 2009-04-15 at the Wayback Machine.. Accessed May 5, 2008.
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text:
Sulcus (neuroanatomy)
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Sulcus
Sulcus and gyrus.
Identifiers
NeuroNames
1208
TA
A14.1.09.006
FMA
75759
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Gray's Fig. 726– Lateral surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the side.
Gray's Fig. 727 - Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere.
Rotating image of human brain, illustrating the Lateral sulcus
Illustration depicting general brain structures including sulci
In neuroanatomy, a sulcus (Latin: "furrow", pl. sulci) is a depression or groove in the cerebral cortex. It surrounds a gyrus (pl. gyri), creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals. The larger sulci are usually called fissures.
Contents
1 Structure
1.1 Importance of expanded surface area
1.2 Variation
1.3 Development
2 Types
3 Notable sulci
4 Other animals
4.1 Macaque
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Structure[edit]
Sulci, the grooves, and gyri, the folds or ridges, make up the folded surface of the cerebral cortex. Larger or deeper sulci are termed fissures, and in many cases the two terms are interchangeable. The folded cortex creates a larger surface area for the brain in humans and other mammals. When looking at the human brain, two-thirds of the surface are hidden in the grooves. The sulci and fissures are both grooves in the cortex, but they are differentiated by size. A sulcus is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus. A fissure is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes and also into the two hemispheres as the longitudinal fissure.[1]
Importance of expanded surface area[edit]
As the surface area of the brain increases more functions are made possible. A smooth-surfaced brain is only able to grow to a certain extent. A depression, sulcus, in the surface area allows for continued growth. This in turn allows for the functions of the brain to continue growing.[2]
Variation[edit]
The sulcal pattern varies between human individuals, and the most elaborate overview on this variation is probably an atlas by Ono, Kubick and Abernathey: Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci.[3] Some of the more prominent sulci are, however, seen across individuals - and even species - making a common nomenclature across individuals and species possible.
Development[edit]
Main article: Gyrification
In humans, cerebral convolutions appear at about 5 months and take at least into the first year after birth to fully develop.[4][5][6] Development varies greatly between individuals. The potential influences of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are not fully understood.[7] It has been found that the width of cortical sulci increases not only with age,[8] but also with cognitive decline in the elderly.[9]
Types[edit]
Sulcus are divided into following categories:[citation needed]
On the basis of function:
A limiting sulcus separates at its floor into two areas which are different functionally and structurally e.g. central sulcus between the motor and sensory areas.[10]
Axial sulcus develops in the long axis of a rapidly growing homogeneous area e.g. postcalcarine sulcus in the long axis of the striate area.
Operculated sulcus separates by its lips into two areas and contains a third area in the walls of the sulcus.
On the basis of formation:
Primary sulci: formed before birth
Secondary sulcus: produced by factors other than the exuberant growth in the adjoining areas of the cortex Examples are the lateral and parieto-occipital sulci.
On the basis of Depth:
Complete sulcus is very deep so as to cause elevation in the walls of the lateral ventricle. Examples are the collateral and calcarine sulci.
Incomplete sulci are superficially situated and are not very deep, E.g. paracentral sulcus.
Notable sulci[edit]
Calcarine sulcus
Central sulcus
Central sulcus of insula
Cingulate sulcus
Circular sulcus of insula
Callosal sulcus
Collateral sulcus
Fimbrodentate sulcus
Florance-robertal sulcus
Hippocampal sulcus
Inferior frontal sulcus
Inferior temporal sulcus
Intraparietal sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Lunate sulcus
Occipitotemporal sulcus
Olfactory sulcus
Paracentral sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Postcentral sulcus
Precentral sulcus
Rhinal sulcus
Subparietal sulcus
Superior frontal sulcus
Superior temporal sulcus
Transverse occipital sulcus
Transverse temporal sulcus
Other animals[edit]
The variation in the number of fissures in the brain (gyrification) between species is related to the size of the animal and the size of the brain. Mammals that have smooth-surfaced or nonconvoluted brains are called lissencephalics and those that have folded or convoluted brains gyrencephalics.[4][5] The division between the two groups occurs when cortical surface area is about 10 cm2 and the brain has a volume of 3–4 cm3. Large rodents such as beavers (40 pounds (18 kg)) and capybaras (150 pounds (68 kg)) are gyrencephalic and smaller rodents such as rats and mice lissencephalic.[11]
Macaque[edit]
A macaque has a more simple sulcal pattern. In a monograph Bonin and Bailey list the following as the primary sulci:[12]
Calcarine fissure (ca)
Central sulcus (ce)
Sulcus cinguli (ci)
Hippocampal fissure (h)
Sulcus intraparitalis (ip)
Lateral fissure (or Sylvian fissure) (la)
Sulcus olfactorius (olf)
Medial parieto-occipital fissure (pom)
Fissura rhinalis (rh)
Sulcus temporalis superior (ts) - This sulcus runs parallel to the lateral fissure and extends to the temporal pole and often superficially merges with it.
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sulcus (neuroanatomy).
Sulcus (morphology)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Carlson, N. R. (2013). Physiology of Behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Jump up ^ Cusack, R. (2005). The intraparietal sulcus and perceptual organization. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(4), 641-651. doi: 10.1162/0898929053467541
Jump up ^ Ono, Kubick, Abernathey, Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci, Thieme Medical Publishers, 1990. ISBN 0-86577-362-9. ISBN 3-13-732101-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Hofman MA. (1985). Size and shape of the cerebral cortex in mammals. I. The cortical surface. Brain Behav Evol. 27(1):28-40. PMID 3836731
^ Jump up to: a b Hofman MA. (1989).On the evolution and geometry of the brain in mammals. Prog Neurobiol.32(2):137-58. PMID 2645619
Jump up ^ Caviness VS Jr. (1975). Mechanical model of brain convolutional development. Science. 189(4196):18-21. PMID 1135626
Jump up ^ Dubois, J., & Benders, M. (2007). Mapping the early cortical folding process in preterm newborn brain. Oxford Journals, 18, 1444-1454. dpi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm180
Jump up ^ Tao Liu, Wei Wen, Wanlin Zhu, Julian Trollor, Simone Reppermund, John Crawford, Jesse S Jin, Suhuai Luo, Henry Brodaty, Perminder Sachdev (2010) The effects of age and sex on cortical sulci in the elderly. NeuroImage 51:1. 19–27 May. PMID 20156569
Jump up ^ Tao Liu, Wei Wen, Wanlin Zhu, Nicole A Kochan, Julian N Trollor, Simone Reppermund, Jesse S Jin, Suhuai Luo, Henry Brodaty, Perminder S Sachdev (2011) The relationship between cortical sulcal variability and cognitive performance in the elderly. NeuroImage 56:3. 865-873 Jun. PMID 21397704
Jump up ^ Ribas, Guilherme Carvalhal (February 2010). "The cerebral sulci and gyri". Neurosurgical Focus. pp. E2. doi:10.3171/2009.11.focus09245. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
Jump up ^ Martin I. Sereno, Roger B. H. Tootell, "From Monkeys to humans: what do we now know about brain homologies," Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15:135-144, (2005).
Jump up ^ Gerhardt von Bonin, Percival Bailey, The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta, The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 1947
External links[edit]
Visual explanation of gyri, sulci, and fissures
hide
v
t
e
Anatomy of the cerebral cortex of the human brain
Frontal lobe
Superolateral
Prefrontal
Superior frontal gyrus
4
6
8
Middle frontal gyrus
9
10
46
Inferior frontal gyrus: 11
47-Pars orbitalis
Broca's area
44-Pars opercularis
45-Pars triangularis
Superior frontal sulcus
Inferior frontal sulcus
Precentral
Precentral gyrus
Precentral sulcus
Medial/inferior
Prefrontal
Superior frontal gyrus
4
6
Medial frontal gyrus
8
9
Paraterminal gyrus/Paraolfactory area
12
Straight gyrus
11
Orbital gyri/Orbitofrontal cortex
10
11
12
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
10
Subcallosal area
25
Olfactory sulcus
Orbital sulcus
Precentral
Paracentral lobule
4
Paracentral sulcus
Both
Primary motor cortex
4
Premotor cortex
6
Supplementary motor area
6
Supplementary eye field
6
Frontal eye fields
8
Parietal lobe
Superolateral
Superior parietal lobule
5
7
Inferior parietal lobule
40-Supramarginal gyrus
39-Angular gyrus
Parietal operculum
43
Intraparietal sulcus
Medial/inferior
Paracentral lobule
1
2
3
5
Precuneus
7
Marginal sulcus
Both
Postcentral gyrus/Primary somatosensory cortex
1
2
3
Secondary somatosensory cortex
5
Posterior parietal cortex
7
Occipital lobe
Superolateral
Occipital pole of cerebrum
Lateral occipital gyrus
18
19
Lunate sulcus
Transverse occipital sulcus
Medial/inferior
Visual cortex
17
Cuneus
Lingual gyrus
Calcarine sulcus
Temporal lobe
Superolateral
Transverse temporal gyrus/Auditory cortex
41
42
Superior temporal gyrus
38
22/Wernicke's area
Middle temporal gyrus
21
Superior temporal sulcus
Medial/inferior
Fusiform gyrus
37
Medial temporal lobe
27
28
34
35
36
Inferior temporal gyrus
20
Inferior temporal sulcus
Interlobar
sulci/fissures
Superolateral
Central (frontal+parietal)
Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
Parieto-occipital
Preoccipital notch
Medial/inferior
Longitudinal fissure
Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
Collateral (temporal+occipital)
Callosal sulcus
Limbic lobe
Parahippocampal gyrus
anterior
Entorhinal cortex
Perirhinal cortex
Postrhinal cortex
Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
Prepyriform area
Cingulate cortex/gyrus
Subgenual area
25
Anterior cingulate
24
32
33
Posterior cingulate
23
31
Isthmus of cingulate gyrus: Retrosplenial cortex
26
29
30
Hippocampal formation
Hippocampal sulcus
Fimbria of hippocampus
Dentate gyrus
Rhinal sulcus
Other
Indusium griseum
Uncus
Amygdala
Insular cortex
Insular cortex
General
Operculum
Poles of cerebral hemispheres
Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.
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Angel of the Morning
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"Angel of the Morning"
A-side label of U.S. vinyl single
Single by Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts
from the album Angel of the Morning
B-side
"Reap What You Sow"[1]
Released
7 February 1968
Format
7" single
Recorded
American Sound Studios Memphis
January 1968
Genre
Pop, country
Length
3:19
Label
Bell
Songwriter(s)
Chip Taylor
Producer(s)
Chips Moman
Merrilee Rush single singles chronology
"How's the Weather on Your Street"
(1967) "Angel of the Morning"
(1968) "That Kind of Woman"
(1968)
"How's the Weather on Your Street"
Merrilee & the Turnabouts
(1967) "Angel of the Morning"
Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts
(1968) "That Kind of Woman"
(1968)
"Angel of the Morning" is a popular song, written and composed by Chip Taylor, that has been recorded numerous times by, or has been a hit single for, various artists including Evie Sands, Merrilee Rush, Juice Newton, Nina Simone, P. P. Arnold, Olivia Newton-John, The Pretenders/Chrissie Hynde, Dusty Springfield, Mary Mason, Melba Montgomery, Vagiant, Billie Davis, Bonnie Tyler, Rita Wilson, The New Seekers and Skeeter Davis.
Contents
[hide]
1 Original and charting versions
2 Versions by Chip Taylor
3 Non-charting versions
4 Translated versions
5 Film, television and literature
6 Versions (English language-chronology)
7 Chart history
7.1 Weekly charts
7.1.1 Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts version
7.2 Year-end charts
7.2.1 Juice Newton version
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Original and charting versions[edit]
Written and composed by New York City-born songwriter Chip Taylor, actor Jonathan "Jon" Voight's brother, "Angel of the Morning" was originally offered to Connie Francis to sing, but she turned it down because she thought that it was too risqué for her career.[citation needed] The song's narrator describes her feelings about a one-night stand: "If morning's echo says we've sinned, well, it was what I wanted now."
Taylor produced a recording of the song with Evie Sands, but the financial straits of Cameo-Parkway Records, which had Sands on their roster, reportedly prevented either that version's release or its distribution. Other early recordings of the song were made in 1967 by Danny Michaels for Lee Hazlewood's LHI label and by UK vocalist Billie Davis.
"Angel of the Morning" finally became a hit in 1968 through a recording by Merrilee Rush, made that January at American Sound Studios in Memphis, with Chips Moman and Tommy Cogbill producing. Rush had come to Memphis through the group she fronted, the Turnabouts, being the opening act for a Paul Revere and the Raiders tour. While in Memphis, the Raiders recorded the album Going to Memphis at American Sound Studios, an association which led to Rush's discovery by Tommy Cogbill, who had been hoping to find the right voice for "Angel of the Morning"—he had kept a tape of the demo of that song constantly in his pocket for several months. Rush recorded the song and the tracks which would comprise her Angel of the Morning album with the American Sound house band, even though the single and the album would be credited to the group Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts.[2] The single version of "Angel of the Morning" was released in February 1968, and reached the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 that June, peaking at No. 7. A No. 1 hit in Canada,[3] Australia and New Zealand, "Angel of the Morning" also afforded Rush a hit in the Netherlands (No. 4). "Angel of the Morning" earned Rush a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary-Pop Vocal Performance, Female. Rush would record a new version of the song for her 1977 eponymous album release. Rush's version of "Angel of the Morning" would be featured on the soundtrack of the 1999 film Girl, Interrupted, whose time frame is 1967 and 1968, in which author-composer Chip Taylor's niece Angelina Jolie had a starring role.
In the United Kingdom, where Rush's version had failed to reach the Top 50, stalling at No. 55, "Angel of the Morning" reached No. 29 in August 1968 through a rendition by P. P. Arnold,[4] who had sung background on the 1967 Billie Davis version; Arnold's version was produced by Andrew Loog Oldham. In 1977, Mary Mason also had a UK Top 30 hit with her version, which was actually a medley of two Chip Taylor songs, "Angel of the Morning" and "Any Way That You Want Me;" this reached No. 27.[5] British act Guys 'n' Dolls had a hit in the Netherlands in 1977 with "Angel of the Morning," their version reaching No. 11 on the Dutch chart.
"Angel of the Morning"
Single by Juice Newton
from the album Juice
B-side
"Headin' for a Heartache"
Released
February 1981
Format
7" (45 rpm)
Recorded
4 September 1980
Genre
Soft rock,[6] Country rock
Length
3:49
3:57 (7")
Label
Capitol 4976
Songwriter(s)
Chip Taylor
Producer(s)
Richard Landis
Juice Newton singles chronology
"You Fill My Life"
(1980) "Angel of the Morning"
(1981) "Queen of Hearts"
(1981)
"You Fill My Life"
(1980) "Angel of the Morning"
(1981) "Queen of Hearts"
(1981)
Tying with Juice Newton's version as the highest-charting C&W version of the song is the 1978 release by Melba Montgomery which reached No. 22 on the Billboard C&W chart. Previously, "Angel of the Morning" had appeared on the Billboard C&W chart through a rendition by Connie Eaton; this had reached No. 34 in 1970.
The highest-charting and best-selling version in the United States, outperforming even Merrilee Rush's 1968 version in both ways, was recorded and released in 1981 by country-rock singer Juice Newton for her album Juice, which released on Capitol Records. Newton re-interpreted the song at the suggestion of Steve Meyer, who promoted Capitol Records singles and albums to radio stations and felt a version of "Angel of the Morning" by Newton would be a strong candidate for airplay.[7] Newton would state that she would never have herself thought of recording "Angel of the Morning," and even though she immediately recognized the song when Meyer played it for her (quote): "I [hadn't been] really aware of that song because...when [it] was popular I was listening to folk music and R&B and not Pop, and that was a very Pop song." [8] Newton's version reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 22 on the Billboard country music chart, and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart in April of that year.[9][10] The recording also earned Newton a Grammy nomination, and in the same category as Rush's 1968 hit. More than 1 million units of Newton's single of the song were sold in the United States, and the single reached the Top 10 in a number of other countries, including Canada and Australia. Notably, Newton's video for "Angel of the Morning" was the first country-music music video aired on MTV; it first aired in 1981. In the UK, this recording reached No. 43 on the UK Singles Chart, marking the song's third appearance on that chart without becoming a truly major hit.[11] Newton recorded the song again in 1998 for her The Trouble with Angels album.
The song "Angel," released by reggae artist Shaggy, heavily samples "Angel of the Morning," using the melody, but with different words, for the sung refrain. It reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending March 31, 2001.
Swedish singer Jill Johnson released "Angel of the Morning," with lyrics in English, in 2007 from her album of cover versions, Music Row. This version peaked at No. 30 at the Swedish singles chart.
Versions by Chip Taylor[edit]
In 1972, Taylor released a version on Buddah 325. It reached #101 in the Record World survey.
In 1996, Taylor released a version on the album Hit Man.[12]
In 1999, a version by Taylor appeared on the KGSR fundraiser CD Broadcasts Vol. 7.[13]
In 2004, Taylor released a version of the song with his singer/songwriter partner Carrie Rodriguez on the album of the same name.[14]
Non-charting versions[edit]
In 1968, the American singer Joya Landis recorded a late rocksteady/early reggae version of this song in Jamaica for producer Arthur "Duke" Reid and his Treasure Isle label. The UK release (Trojan TR-622) had "Love Letters" by Phyllis Dillon and Alton Ellis as the B-side. It also appeared on the compilation album Soul Of Jamaica a.k.a. Come Rock With Me In Jamaica, and on the Trojan compilation album, Tighten Up, Volume 1 (both 1968).
The Chicks, a female New Zealand pop duo, released their version on their 1968 album C'mon Chicks.
Allison Durbin, who was dubbed "Australia's Queen of Pop" in the 1960s, released a version on her 1968 album I Have Loved Me a Man.
Soul singer Bettye Swann had a single release of "Angel of the Morning" in 1969.
The New Seekers included "Angel of the Morning" on their self-titled debut album (1969).
Nina Simone recorded the song in 1971 on Here Comes the Sun.
Norwegian singer Ellen Nikolaysen recorded the song for her 1973 English language album Freckles.
Soul singer Thelma Jones recorded the song for her eponymous 1978 album.
Reggae singer Samantha Rose recorded a Lover's rock version on the In Person LP in 1979.
Vintage British Invasion group The Tremeloes recorded the song in 1987 as an attempted comeback single.
In 1991, horror punk band Haunted Garage included the chorus of "Angel of the Morning" in the bridge of their song "Theme" on the album Possession Park, changing the lyrics to "Satan of the morning".
In 1995, Chrissie Hynde and The Pretenders sang their own version on the Friends soundtrack album. The song was released as a single, but it did not chart.
The short-lived British girl band Thunderbugs recorded an upbeat version of the song for their 1999 debut album, Delicious.
In 2003 Maggie Reilly recorded "Angel of the Morning" for her album Save It for a Rainy Day.
The Boston-based band Tijuana Sweetheart (then named VAGIANT) released a cover on their debut album, Public Display of Infection.
The Atlanta-based band Girlyman released a cover on its 2007 live album Somewhere Different Now.
Melinda Schneider and Beccy Cole covered the song on their album Great Women of Country, which they released in 2014.
Translated versions[edit]
A number of non-English versions of "Angel of the Morning" have been recorded including the following:
In Czech as "Dál jen vejdi" a 1989 single by Věra Martinová
In Dutch as "Vlinder van een zomer" a 1968 single by Willeke Alberti.
In French as "Au revoir et à demain" (literally: "goodbye and see you tomorrow") a 1967 single by Liliane Saint-Pierre.
In Finnish as "Kaipuu" a 1968 single by Pepe Willberg and also as "Jos Itket Silloin" recorded by Pirjo Lehti for her 1985 Se On Rakkautta Oikeaa album.
In Italian as "Gli occhi verdi dell'amore" (literally: "the green eyes of love") which was a 1968 hit in Italy at No. 9 for I Profeti.
In German as "Der Engel der Verdammten" by Juliane Werding on her 1975 album Wenn du denkst, dass du denkst, dann denkst du nur, du denkst and also as " "Ich bin dein Engel bis zum Morgen" a 1981 single by Suzanne Klee.
In Spanish as "Ángel de la Mañana" by Enrique Guzmán in 1975.
In Swedish as "En enda morgon" recorded by Elisabeth Andreassen for her 1981 album Angel of the Morning and also as "Nattens sista ängel" recorded by Wizex for their 1982 album Nattfjäril. These respective lyricists for these versions were Mats Rådberg and Roine Carlsson.
In Russian as "Нелегальный Ангел" (Nelegal'nyj Angel) by Julia Kova in 2005.
Film, television and literature[edit]
The Merrilee Rush version of the song is featured in the soundtrack of the films Girl, Interrupted (as noted above) and Violet and Daisy.
Rush's version is also played during a scene in the 1978 film Fingers, where it is used to accentuate the conflicted nature of the main character played by Harvey Keitel.
The song was performed live by Chrissie Hynde in a 1995 episode of Friends titled "The One with the Baby on the Bus," and that version also appears in that show's soundtrack album. (As noted above, though released as a single, it did not chart.)
The song also makes an appearance in the 1996 film Jerry Maguire, with Tom Cruise's titular character singing what appears to be the original version, enthusiastically if badly.
More recently, Conan O'Brien has referenced the track, during periodic ironic pledges to cease his show's use of arbitrary and stupid humor in which he presents a gorilla dressed as a nurse who uses an old-fashioned abdominal exerciser while enjoying the song.
In "Branch Closing", an episode of The Office, Michael Scott sings "Levinson in the morning" to his supervisor, Jan Levinson.
The song plays a central role in Graeme Simsion's 2016 novel The Best of Adam Sharp[15] (optioned to Vocab Films in 2017).[16]
Juice Newton's version is heard during Drew Barrymore's first scene in the film Charlie's Angels, in the film Charlie Wilson's War (in which it is also sung by Emily Blunt), the opening titles of Deadpool, and the ending of The Meddler. It is also featured in Season 1 of HBO's True Detective.
The Toyota Highlander "Kid Cave" commercial, aired from late 2010, features a young boy who is embarrassed by his parents's singing of the song while he is riding with them in a car.[17]
The song features in an episode of ABC's sitcom Modern Family, "Regrets Only" (Series/Season 2, Ep 16), when Gloria, portrayed by Sofia Vergara, is singing along to it on a karaoke machine. A karaoke version of the song is also featured in the second-season finale of the HBO series The Leftovers.
Versions (English language-chronology)[edit]
1967: Evie Sands (original recording), Billie Davis
1968: Merrilee Rush and The Turnabouts, Asha Puthli and The Surfers,[18] P. P. Arnold, Percy Faith, Ray Conniff
1969: Dusty Springfield (TV performance on Decidedly Dusty), Skeeter Davis, Bettye Swann, the New Seekers, the Tremeloes, Connie Eaton
1970: The Aggressors, on their album Reggae Steadae Go
1971: Nina Simone
1973: Olivia Newton-John
1977: Merrilee Rush (re-recording for United Artists Records), Guys 'n' Dolls, Mary Mason ("Angel of the Morning"/"Any Way That You Want Me" medley)
1978: Melba Montgomery, Thelma Jones, Pat Kelly
1981: Elisabeth Andreassen, Juice Newton, the States[19]
1987: The Tremeloes
1995: The Pretenders
1995: Annie Schilder BZN
1998: Juice Newton (re-recording), Bonnie Tyler
1998: Gitte Haenning (Gitte Hænning) WEA Records Warner music Germany
1998: Bonnie Tyler
1999: Thunderbugs
2000: Joya Landis
2001: Maggie Reilly
2003: The Shocker
2006: Chip Taylor & Carrie Rodriguez
2007: Girlyman, Jill Johnson, Vagiant
2008: Barb Jungr, Randy Crawford (with Joe Sample)
2011: Hanne Boel
2012: Rita Wilson
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts version[edit]
Chart (1968)
Peak
position
Canada RPM Top Singles [20] 1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[21] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[22] 7
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[23] 32
US Cash Box Top 100[24] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1968)
Rank
Canada [25] 70
US Billboard Hot 100[26] 28
US Cash Box [27] 45
Juice Newton version[edit]
Chart (1981)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[28] 2
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[29] 7
Canada RPM Top Singles [30] 1
Denmark (Tracklisten)[31] 23
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[32] 4
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[33] 5
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34] 43
US Billboard Hot 100[35] 4
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[36] 1
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[37] 22
US Cash Box Top 100[38] 2
Chart (1981)
Rank
Australia [39] 26
Canada [40] 8
New Zealand [41] 50
US Billboard Hot 100[42] 25
US Cash Box [43] 21
See also[edit]
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1960s
List of number-one singles in 1968 (New Zealand)
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1981 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts -- "Angel of the Morning"/"Reap What You Sow"". Discogs. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Jones, Roben (2010). Memphis Boys: the story of American Studios (1st ed.). Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 126–130. ISBN 1-60473-401-9.
Jump up ^ "Item Display – RPM v Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-01.
Jump up ^ Arnold UK Singles Chart info Archived August 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009
Jump up ^ Mason UK Singles Chart info Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "VH1's 40 Most Softsational Soft-Rock Songs". Stereogum. SpinMedia. May 31, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lewiston Daily Sun April 15, 1981 p. 4
Jump up ^ Kentucky New Era p.2
Jump up ^ Hyatt, Wesley (1999). The Billboard Book of No. 1 Adult Contemporary Hits (Billboard Publications), page 250.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 8th Edition (Billboard Publications), page 454.
Jump up ^ Newton UK Singles Chart info Archived March 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Hit Man – Chip Taylor. Amazon.com.
Jump up ^ KGSR BROADCASTS CDS – Volume 7 Archived December 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.. KGSR.com.
Jump up ^ Angel of the Morning – Chip Taylor, Carrie Rodriguez Amazon.com.
Jump up ^ Best of Adam Sharp Playlist, Penguin
Jump up ^ Anita Busch. Toni Collette Options Graeme Simsion Novel ‘The Best of Adam Sharp’ For Her Vocab Films, Deadline Hollywood
Jump up ^ Beth Harpaz. What Embarrasses a Teen? A Parent's Mere Existence, Associated Press, 2010-12-20
Jump up ^ "Discography". Asha Puthli official website. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "MusicMight :: Artists :: THE STATES". Rockdetector.com. Retrieved 2016-10-01.
Jump up ^ RPM 100 Singles, July 6, 1968
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Merrilee Rush – Angel of the Morning" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, July 13, 1968
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.5867&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 28, 1968
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (Illustrated ed.). Sydney: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ RPM 50 Singles, May 23, 1981
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning". Tracklisten.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton Chart History (Hot Country Songs)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, May 16, 1981
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.4689&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=3870
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 26, 1981
Preceded by
"This Guy's in Love with You" by Herb Alpert Canadian RPM 100 number-one single
(Merrilee Rush version)
July 6, 1968 (one week) Succeeded by
"Lady Willpower" by Gary Puckett and the Union Gap
Preceded by
"What Kind of Fool" by Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb Billboard Adult Contemporary (chart) number-one single
(Juice Newton version)
April 11-April 25, 1981 (three weeks) Succeeded by
"Morning Train (Nine to Five)" by Sheena Easton
External links[edit]
Newton 1981 U.S. single release info Discogs
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Juice Newton
Studio albums
Juice Newton & Silver Spur
After the Dust Settles
Come to Me
Well Kept Secret
Take Heart
Juice
Quiet Lies
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American Girl
The Gift of Christmas
Duets: Friends & Memories
Live albums
Every Road Leads Back to You
Compilation albums
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The Ultimate Hits Collection
Notable singles
"It's a Heartache"
"Hey! Baby"
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"Queen of Hearts"
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"Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me"
"Break It to Me Gently"
"Tell Her No"
"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine"
"Hurt"
"Old Flame"
"Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers)" (with Eddie Rabbitt)
"Cheap Love"
"What Can I Do with My Heart"
"First Time Caller"
"Tell Me True"
"When Love Comes Around the Bend"
"Funny How Time Slips Away" (with Willie Nelson)
Guest appearances
"Ebony Eyes" (Bob Welch song)
Have Harmony, Will Travel (Carla Olson album)
Related topics
Discography
Capitol Records
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Otha Young
Book:Juice Newton
[show]
v
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Melba Montgomery
Discography
Collaborative and solo studio albums
What's in Our Heart
Bluegrass Hootenanny
Don't Let the Good Times Fool You
Compilation albums
A King & Two Queens
Famous Country Duets
Collaborative singles
"We Must Have Been Out of Our Minds"
"Let's Invite Them Over"
"What's in Our Heart"
"Blue Moon of Kentucky"
"Baby Ain't That Fine"
"Something to Brag About"
Solo singles
"No Charge"
"Don't Let the Good Times Fool You"
"Angel of the Morning"
See also
George Jones
Gene Pitney
Charlie Louvin
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_of_the_Morning&oldid=812331640"
Categories:
1967 songs
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