text:
Book of the Dead
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Book of the Dead (disambiguation).

Book of Coming Forth by Day
in hieroglyphs
This detail scene, from the Papyrus of Hunefer (c. 1275 BCE), shows the scribe Hunefer's heart being weighed on the scale of Maat against the feather of truth, by the jackal-headed Anubis. The ibis-headed Thoth, scribe of the gods, records the result. If his heart equals exactly the weight of the feather, Hunefer is allowed to pass into the afterlife. If not, he is eaten by the waiting chimeric devouring creature Ammit composed of the deadly crocodile, lion, and hippopotamus. Vignettes such as these were a common illustration in Egyptian books of the dead.
The Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text, used from the beginning of the New Kingdom (around 1550 BCE) to around 50 BCE.[1] The original Egyptian name for the text, transliterated rw nw prt m hrw[2] is translated as Book of Coming Forth by Day.[3] Another translation would be Book of Emerging Forth into the Light. "Book" is the closest term to describe the loose collection of texts[4] consisting of a number of magic spells intended to assist a dead person's journey through the Duat, or underworld, and into the afterlife and written by many priests over a period of about 1000 years.
The Book of the Dead was part of a tradition of funerary texts which includes the earlier Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts, which were painted onto objects, not papyrus. Some of the spells included were drawn from these older works and date to the 3rd millennium BCE. Other spells were composed later in Egyptian history, dating to the Third Intermediate Period (11th to 7th centuries BCE). A number of the spells which made up the Book continued to be inscribed on tomb walls and sarcophagi, as had always been the spells from which they originated. The Book of the Dead was placed in the coffin or burial chamber of the deceased.
There was no single or canonical Book of the Dead. The surviving papyri contain a varying selection of religious and magical texts and vary considerably in their illustration. Some people seem to have commissioned their own copies of the Book of the Dead, perhaps choosing the spells they thought most vital in their own progression to the afterlife. The Book of the Dead was most commonly written in hieroglyphic or hieratic script on a papyrus scroll, and often illustrated with vignettes depicting the deceased and their journey into the afterlife.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
2 Spells
2.1 Organization
3 Egyptian concepts of death and afterlife
3.1 Preservation
3.2 Afterlife
3.3 Judgment
4 Producing a Book of the Dead
5 Discovery, translation, interpretation and preservation
5.1 Chronology
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Development[edit]
Part of the Pyramid Texts, a precursor of the Book of the Dead, inscribed on the tomb of Teti
The Book of the Dead developed from a tradition of funerary manuscripts dating back to the Egyptian Old Kingdom. The first funerary texts were the Pyramid Texts, first used in the Pyramid of King Unas of the 5th dynasty, around 2400 BCE.[5] These texts were written on the walls of the burial chambers within pyramids, and were exclusively for the use of the Pharaoh (and, from the 6th dynasty, the Queen). The Pyramid Texts were written in an unusual hieroglyphic style; many of the hieroglyphs representing humans or animals were left incomplete or drawn mutilated, most likely to prevent them causing any harm to the dead pharaoh.[6] The purpose of the Pyramid Texts was to help the dead King take his place amongst the gods, in particular to reunite him with his divine father Ra; at this period the afterlife was seen as being in the sky, rather than the underworld described in the Book of the Dead.[6] Towards the end of the Old Kingdom, the Pyramid Texts ceased to be an exclusively royal privilege, and were adopted by regional governors and other high-ranking officials.
In the Middle Kingdom, a new funerary text emerged, the Coffin Texts. The Coffin Texts used a newer version of the language, new spells, and included illustrations for the first time. The Coffin Texts were most commonly written on the inner surfaces of coffins, though they are occasionally found on tomb walls or on papyri.[6] The Coffin Texts were available to wealthy private individuals, vastly increasing the number of people who could expect to participate in the afterlife; a process which has been described as the "democratization of the afterlife".[7]
The Book of the Dead first developed in Thebes toward the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period, around 1700 BCE. The earliest known occurrence of the spells included in the Book of the Dead is from the coffin of Queen Mentuhotep, of the 13th dynasty, where the new spells were included amongst older texts known from the Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts. Some of the spells introduced at this time claim an older provenance; for instance the rubric to spell 30B states that it was discovered by the Prince Hordjedef in the reign of King Menkaure, many hundreds of years before it is attested in the archaeological record.[8]
By the 17th dynasty, the Book of the Dead had become widespread not only for members of the royal family, but courtiers and other officials as well. At this stage, the spells were typically inscribed on linen shrouds wrapped around the dead, though occasionally they are found written on coffins or on papyrus.[9]
The New Kingdom saw the Book of the Dead develop and spread further. The famous Spell 125, the 'Weighing of the Heart', is first known from the reign of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, c.1475 BCE. From this period onward the Book of the Dead was typically written on a papyrus scroll, and the text illustrated with vignettes. During the 19th dynasty in particular, the vignettes tended to be lavish, sometimes at the expense of the surrounding text.[10]
In the Third Intermediate Period, the Book of the Dead started to appear in hieratic script, as well as in the traditional hieroglyphics. The hieratic scrolls were a cheaper version, lacking illustration apart from a single vignette at the beginning, and were produced on smaller papyri. At the same time, many burials used additional funerary texts, for instance the Amduat.[11]
During the 25th and 26th dynasties, the Book of the Dead was updated, revised and standardised. Spells were consistently ordered and numbered for the first time. This standardised version is known today as the 'Saite recension', after the Saite (26th) dynasty. In the Late period and Ptolemaic period, the Book of the Dead remained based on the Saite recension, though increasingly abbreviated towards the end of the Ptolemaic period. New funerary texts appeared, including the Book of Breathing and Book of Traversing Eternity. The last use of the Book of the Dead was in the 1st century BCE, though some artistic motifs drawn from it were still in use in Roman times.[12]
Spells[edit]
See also: List of Book of the Dead spells and Magical texts
The mystical Spell 17, from the Papyrus of Ani. The vignette at the top illustrates, from left to right, the god Heh as a representation of the Sea; a gateway to the realm of Osiris; the Eye of Horus; the celestial cow Mehet-Weret; and a human head rising from a coffin, guarded by the four Sons of Horus.[13]
The Book of the Dead is made up of a number of individual texts and their accompanying illustrations. Most sub-texts begin with the word ro, which can mean "mouth," "speech," "spell," "utterance," "incantation," or "a chapter of a book." This ambiguity reflects the similarity in Egyptian thought between ritual speech and magical power.[14] In the context of the Book of the Dead, it is typically translated as either "chapter" or "spell." In this article, the word "spell" is used.
At present, some 192 spells are known,[15] though no single manuscript contains them all. They served a range of purposes. Some are intended to give the deceased mystical knowledge in the afterlife, or perhaps to identify them with the gods: for instance, Spell 17 is an obscure and lengthy description of the god Atum.[16] Others are incantations to ensure the different elements of the dead person's being were preserved and reunited, and to give the deceased control over the world around him. Still others protect the deceased from various hostile forces or guide him through the underworld past various obstacles. Famously, two spells also deal with the judgement of the deceased in the Weighing of the Heart ritual.
Such spells as 26 - 30, and sometimes spells 6 and 126, relate to the heart and were inscribed on scarabs.[17]
The texts and images of the Book of the Dead were magical as well as religious. Magic was as legitimate an activity as praying to the gods, even when the magic was aimed at controlling the gods themselves.[18] Indeed, there was little distinction for the Ancient Egyptians between magical and religious practice.[19] The concept of magic (heka) was also intimately linked with the spoken and written word. The act of speaking a ritual formula was an act of creation;[20] there is a sense in which action and speech were one and the same thing.[19] The magical power of words extended to the written word. Hieroglyphic script was held to have been invented by the god Thoth, and the hieroglyphs themselves were powerful. Written words conveyed the full force of a spell.[20] This was even true when the text was abbreviated or omitted, as often occurred in later Book of the Dead scrolls, particularly if the accompanying images were present.[21] The Egyptians also believed that knowing the name of something gave power over it; thus, the Book of the Dead equips its owner with the mystical names of many of the entities he would encounter in the afterlife, giving him power over them.[22]
The spells of the Book of the Dead made use of several magical techniques which can also be seen in other areas of Egyptian life. A number of spells are for magical amulets, which would protect the deceased from harm. In addition to being represented on a Book of the Dead papyrus, these spells appeared on amulets wound into the wrappings of a mummy.[18] Everyday magic made use of amulets in huge numbers. Other items in direct contact with the body in the tomb, such as headrests, were also considered to have amuletic value.[23] A number of spells also refer to Egyptian beliefs about the magical healing power of saliva.[18]
Organization[edit]
Almost every Book of the Dead was unique, containing a different mixture of spells drawn from the corpus of texts available. For most of the history of the Book of the Dead there was no defined order or structure.[24] In fact, until Paul Barguet's 1967 "pioneering study" of common themes between texts,[25] Egyptologists concluded there was no internal structure at all.[26] It is only from the Saite period (26th dynasty) onwards that there is a defined order.[27]
The Books of the Dead from the Saite period tend to organize the Chapters into four sections:
Chapters 1–16* The deceased enters the tomb and descends to the underworld, and the body regains its powers of movement and speech.
Chapters 17–63 Explanation of the mythic origin of the gods and places. The deceased is made to live again so that he may arise, reborn, with the morning sun.
Chapters 64–129 The deceased travels across the sky in the sun ark as one of the blessed dead. In the evening, the deceased travels to the underworld to appear before Osiris.
Chapters 130–189 Having been vindicated, the deceased assumes power in the universe as one of the gods. This section also includes assorted chapters on protective amulets, provision of food, and important places.[26]
Egyptian concepts of death and afterlife[edit]
A vignette in The Papyrus of Ani, from Spell 30B: Spell For Not Letting Ani's Heart Create Opposition Against Him, in the Gods' Domain, which contains a depiction of the ba of the deceased
The spells in the Book of the Dead depict Egyptian beliefs about the nature of death and the afterlife. The Book of the Dead is a vital source of information about Egyptian beliefs in this area.
Preservation[edit]
One aspect of death was the disintegration of the various kheperu, or modes of existence.[28] Funerary rituals served to re-integrate these different aspects of being. Mummification served to preserve and transform the physical body into sah, an idealised form with divine aspects;[29] the Book of the Dead contained spells aimed at preserving the body of the deceased, which may have been recited during the process of mummification.[30] The heart, which was regarded as the aspect of being which included intelligence and memory, was also protected with spells, and in case anything happened to the physical heart, it was common to bury jewelled heart scarabs with a body to provide a replacement. The ka, or life-force, remained in the tomb with the dead body, and required sustenance from offerings of food, water and incense. In case priests or relatives failed to provide these offerings, Spell 105 ensured the ka was satisfied.[31] The name of the dead person, which constituted their individuality and was required for their continued existence, was written in many places throughout the Book, and spell 25 ensured the deceased would remember their own name.[32] The ba was a free-ranging spirit aspect of the deceased. It was the ba, depicted as a human-headed bird, which could "go forth by day" from the tomb into the world; spells 61 and 89 acted to preserve it.[33] Finally, the shut, or shadow of the deceased, was preserved by spells 91, 92 and 188.[34] If all these aspects of the person could be variously preserved, remembered, and satiated, then the dead person would live on in the form of an akh. An akh was a blessed spirit with magical powers who would dwell among the gods.[35]
Afterlife[edit]
The nature of the afterlife which the dead person enjoyed is difficult to define, because of the differing traditions within Ancient Egyptian religion. In the Book of the Dead, the dead were taken into the presence of the god Osiris, who was confined to the subterranean Duat. There are also spells to enable the ba or akh of the dead to join Ra as he travelled the sky in his sun-barque, and help him fight off Apep.[36] As well as joining the Gods, the Book of the Dead also depicts the dead living on in the 'Field of Reeds', a paradisiac likeness of the real world.[37] The Field of Reeds is depicted as a lush, plentiful version of the Egypt of the living. There are fields, crops, oxen, people and waterways. The deceased person is shown encountering the Great Ennead, a group of gods, as well as his or her own parents. While the depiction of the Field of Reeds is pleasant and plentiful, it is also clear that manual labour is required. For this reason burials included a number of statuettes named shabti, or later ushebti. These statuettes were inscribed with a spell, also included in the Book of the Dead, requiring them to undertake any manual labour that might be the owner's duty in the afterlife.[38] It is also clear that the dead not only went to a place where the gods lived, but that they acquired divine characteristics themselves. In many occasions, the deceased is mentioned as "The Osiris – [Name]" in the Book of the Dead.
Two 'gate spells'. On the top register, Ani and his wife face the 'seven gates of the House of Osiris'. Below, they encounter ten of the 21 'mysterious portals of the House of Osiris in the Field of Reeds'. All are guarded by unpleasant protectors.[39]
The path to the afterlife as laid out in the Book of the Dead was a difficult one. The deceased was required to pass a series of gates, caverns and mounds guarded by supernatural creatures.[40] These terrifying entities were armed with enormous knives and are illustrated in grotesque forms, typically as human figures with the heads of animals or combinations of different ferocious beasts. Their names—for instance, "He who lives on snakes" or "He who dances in blood"—are equally grotesque. These creatures had to be pacified by reciting the appropriate spells included in the Book of the Dead; once pacified they posed no further threat, and could even extend their protection to the dead person.[41] Another breed of supernatural creatures was 'slaughterers' who killed the unrighteous on behalf of Osiris; the Book of the Dead equipped its owner to escape their attentions.[42] As well as these supernatural entities, there were also threats from natural or supernatural animals, including crocodiles, snakes, and beetles.[43]
Judgment[edit]
The Weighing of the Heart ritual, shown in the Book of the Dead of Sesostris
If all the obstacles of the Duat could be negotiated, the deceased would be judged in the "Weighing of the Heart" ritual, depicted in Spell 125. The deceased was led by the god Anubis into the presence of Osiris. There, the dead person swore that he had not committed any sin from a list of 42 sins,[44] reciting a text known as the "Negative Confession". Then the dead person's heart was weighed on a pair of scales, against the goddess Maat, who embodied truth and justice. Maat was often represented by an ostrich feather, the hieroglyphic sign for her name.[45] At this point, there was a risk that the deceased's heart would bear witness, owning up to sins committed in life; Spell 30B guarded against this eventuality. If the scales balanced, this meant the deceased had led a good life. Anubis would take them to Osiris and they would find their place in the afterlife, becoming maa-kheru, meaning "vindicated" or "true of voice".[46] If the heart was out of balance with Maat, then another fearsome beast called Ammit, the Devourer, stood ready to eat it and put the dead person's afterlife to an early and unpleasant end.[47]
This scene is remarkable not only for its vividness but as one of the few parts of the Book of the Dead with any explicit moral content. The judgment of the dead and the Negative Confession were a representation of the conventional moral code which governed Egyptian society. For every "I have not..." in the Negative Confession, it is possible to read an unexpressed "Thou shalt not".[48] While the Ten Commandments of Judeo-Christian ethics are rules of conduct laid down by a perceived divine revelation, the Negative Confession is more a divine enforcement of everyday morality.[49] Views differ among Egyptologists about how far the Negative Confession represents a moral absolute, with ethical purity being necessary for progress to the Afterlife. John Taylor points out the wording of Spells 30B and 125 suggests a pragmatic approach to morality; by preventing the heart from contradicting him with any inconvenient truths, it seems that the deceased could enter the afterlife even if their life had not been entirely pure.[47] Ogden Goelet says "without an exemplary and moral existence, there was no hope for a successful afterlife",[48] while Geraldine Pinch suggests that the Negative Confession is essentially similar to the spells protecting from demons, and that the success of the Weighing of the Heart depended on the mystical knowledge of the true names of the judges rather than on the deceased's moral behaviour.[50]
Producing a Book of the Dead[edit]
Part of the Book of the Dead of Pinedjem II. The text is hieratic, except for hieroglyphics in the vignette. The use of red pigment, and the joins between papyrus sheets, are also visible.
A close-up of the Papyrus of Ani, showing the cursive hieroglyphs of the text
A Book of the Dead papyrus was produced to order by scribes. They were commissioned by people in preparation for their own funeral, or by the relatives of someone recently deceased. They were expensive items; one source gives the price of a Book of the Dead scroll as one deben of silver,[51] perhaps half the annual pay of a labourer.[52] Papyrus itself was evidently costly, as there are many instances of its re-use in everyday documents, creating palimpsests. In one case, a Book of the Dead was written on second-hand papyrus.[53]
Most owners of the Book of the Dead were evidently part of the social elite; they were initially reserved for the royal family, but later papyri are found in the tombs of scribes, priests and officials. Most owners were men, and generally the vignettes included the owner's wife as well. Towards the beginning of the history of the Book of the Dead, there are roughly 10 copies belonging to men for every one for a woman. However, during the Third Intermediate Period, 2/3 were for women; and women owned roughly a third of the hieratic paypri from the Late and Ptolemaic Periods.[54]
The dimensions of a Book of the Dead could vary widely; the longest is 40m long while some are as short as 1m. They are composed of sheets of papyrus joined together, the individual papyri varying in width from 15 cm to 45 cm. The scribes working on Book of the Dead papyri took more care over their work than those working on more mundane texts; care was taken to frame the text within margins, and to avoid writing on the joints between sheets. The words peret em heru, or 'coming forth by day' sometimes appear on the reverse of the outer margin, perhaps acting as a label.[53]
Books were often prefabricated in funerary workshops, with spaces being left for the name of the deceased to be written in later.[55] For instance, in the Papyrus of Ani, the name "Ani" appears at the top or bottom of a column, or immediately following a rubric introducing him as the speaker of a block of text; the name appears in a different handwriting to the rest of the manuscript, and in some places is mis-spelt or omitted entirely.[52]
The text of a New Kingdom Book of the Dead was typically written in cursive hieroglyphs, most often from left to right, but also sometimes from right to left. The hieroglyphs were in columns, which were separated by black lines – a similar arrangement to that used when hieroglyphs were carved on tomb walls or monuments. Illustrations were put in frames above, below, or between the columns of text. The largest illustrations took up a full page of papyrus.[56]
From the 21st Dynasty onward, more copies of the Book of the Dead are found in hieratic script. The calligraphy is similar to that of other hieratic manuscripts of the New Kingdom; the text is written in horizontal lines across wide columns (often the column size corresponds to the size of the papyrus sheets of which a scroll is made up). Occasionally a hieratic Book of the Dead contains captions in hieroglyphic.
The text of a Book of the Dead was written in both black and red ink, regardless of whether it was in hieroglyphic or hieratic script. Most of the text was in black, with red ink used for the titles of spells, opening and closing sections of spells, the instructions to perform spells correctly in rituals, and also for the names of dangerous creatures such as the demon Apep.[57] The black ink used was based on carbon, and the red ink on ochre, in both cases mixed with water.[58]
The style and nature of the vignettes used to illustrate a Book of the Dead varies widely. Some contain lavish colour illustrations, even making use of gold leaf. Others contain only line drawings, or one simple illustration at the opening.[59]
Book of the Dead papyri were often the work of several different scribes and artists whose work was literally pasted together.[53] It is usually possible to identify the style of more than one scribe used on a given manuscript, even when the manuscript is a shorter one.[60] The text and illustrations were produced by different scribes; there are a number of Books where the text was completed but the illustrations were left empty.[61]
Book of the Dead of the Goldworker of Amun, Sobekmose, 31.1777e, Brooklyn Museum
Discovery, translation, interpretation and preservation[edit]
Karl Richard Lepsius, first translator of a complete Book of the Dead manuscript
The existence of the Book of the Dead was known as early as the Middle Ages, well before its contents could be understood. Since it was found in tombs, it was evidently a document of a religious nature, and this led to the widespread misapprehension that the Book of the Dead was the equivalent of a Bible or Qur'an.[62][63]
In 1842 Karl Richard Lepsius published a translation of a manuscript dated to the Ptolemaic era and coined the name "Book of The Dead" (das Todtenbuch). He also introduced the spell numbering system which is still in use, identifying 165 different spells.[15] Lepsius promoted the idea of a comparative edition of the Book of the Dead, drawing on all relevant manuscripts. This project was undertaken by Édouard Naville, starting in 1875 and completed in 1886, producing a three-volume work including a selection of vignettes for every one of the 186 spells he worked with, the more significant variations of the text for every spell, and commentary. In 1867 Samuel Birch of the British Museum published the first extensive English translation.[64] In 1876 he published a photographic copy of the Papyrus of Nebseny.[65]
The work of E. A. Wallis Budge, Birch's successor at the British Museum, is still in wide circulation – including both his hieroglyphic editions and his English translations of the Papyrus of Ani, though the latter are now considered inaccurate and out-of-date.[66] More recent translations in English have been published by T. G. Allen (1974) and Raymond O. Faulkner (1972).[67] As more work has been done on the Book of the Dead, more spells have been identified, and the total now stands at 192.[15]
In the 1970s, Ursula Rößler-Köhler at the University of Bonn began a working group to develop the history of Book of the Dead texts. This later received sponsorship from the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the German Research Foundation, in 2004 coming under the auspices of the German Academies of Sciences and Arts. Today the Book of the Dead Project, as it is called, maintains a database of documentation and photography covering 80% of extant copies and fragments from the corpus of Book of the Dead texts, and provides current services to Egyptologists.[68] It is housed at the University of Bonn, with much material available online.[69] Affiliated scholars are authoring a series of monograph studies, the Studien zum Altägyptischen Totenbuch, alongside a series that publishes the manuscripts themselves, Handschriften des Altägyptischen Totenbuches.[70] Both are in print by Harrassowitz Verlag. Orientverlag has released another series of related monographs, Totenbuchtexte, focused on analysis, synoptic comparison, and textual criticism.
Research work on the Book of the Dead has always posed technical difficulties thanks to the need to copy very long hieroglyphic texts. Initially, these were copied out by hand, with the assistance either of tracing paper or a camera lucida. In the mid-19th century, hieroglyphic fonts became available and made lithographic reproduction of manuscripts more feasible. In the present day, hieroglyphics can be rendered in desktop publishing software and this, combined with digital print technology, means that the costs of publishing a Book of the Dead may be considerably reduced. However, a very large amount of the source material in museums around the world remains unpublished.[71]
Chronology[edit]
Sheet from a Book of the Dead, c. 1075 – 945 BCE, 37.1699E, Brooklyn Museum
c. 3150 BCE – First preserved hieroglyphs, on small labels in the tomb of a king buried (in tomb U-j) at Abydos
c. 3000 BCE – The beginning of the numbered dynasties of kings of ancient Egypt
'c. 2345 BCE – First royal pyramid, of King Unas, to contain the Pyramid Texts, carved precursors (intended only for the king) to the funerary literature from which the Book of the Dead ultimately developed
c. 2100 BCE – First Coffin Texts, developed from the Pyramid Texts and for a time painted on the coffins of commoners. Many spells of the Book of the Dead are closely derived from them
c. 1600 BCE – Earliest spells of the Book of the Dead, on the coffin of Queen Menthuhotep, a descendant of kings from the New Kingdom
c. 1550 BCE – From this time onward to the beginning of the New kingdom, papyrus copies of the Book of the Dead are used instead of inscribing spells on the walls of the tombs
c. 600 BCE – Approximately when the order of the spells became standard
2nd Century CE – Possibly the last copies of the Book of the Dead were produced, but it is a poorly documented era of history
313 CE – Christianity spreads to Egypt
1798 – Napoleon's invasion of Egypt encourages European interests in ancient Egypt; 1799, Vivant Denon was handed a copy of the Book of the Dead
1805 – J. Marc Cadet makes the first publication, on 18 plates, of a Book of the Dead, Copie figurée d'un Roleau de Papyrus trouvé à Thèbes dans un Thombeau des Rois, accompagnèe d'une notice descriptive, Paris, Levrault
1822 – Jean-François Champollion announces the key to the decipherment of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, subsequently developed in his later publications, the most extensive after his death in 1832
1842 – C.R. Lepsius publishes the first major study of the Book of the Dead, begins the numbering of the spells or chapters, and brings the name 'Book of the Dead' into general circulation[72]
See also[edit]
Aaru
Bardo Thodol (Tibetan book of the dead)
Book of the Dead of Amen-em-hat
Book of the Dead of Qenna
Ghosts in ancient Egyptian culture
Necronomicon (H. P. Lovecraft's book of the dead)
Qenna
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.54
Jump up ^ Allen, 2000. p.316
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.55; or perhaps "Utterances of Going Forth by Day" - D'Auria 1988, p.187
Jump up ^ The Egyptian Book of the Dead by Anonymous (2 Jun 2014) ...with an introduction by Paul Mirecki (VII)
Jump up ^ Faulkner p. 54
^ Jump up to: a b c Taylor 2010, p. 54
Jump up ^ D'Auria et al p.187
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.34
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 55
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.35–7
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.57–8
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.59 60
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.51
Jump up ^ Faulkner 1994, p.145; Taylor 2010, p.29
^ Jump up to: a b c Faulkner 1994, p.18
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.51, 56
Jump up ^ Hornung, Erik; David Lorton (15 June 1999). The ancient Egyptian books of the afterlife. Cornell University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8014-8515-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Faulkner 1994, p.146
^ Jump up to: a b Faulkner 1994, p.145
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor 2010, p.30
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.32–3; Faulkner 1994, p.148
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.30–1
Jump up ^ Pinch 1994, p.104–5
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.55
Jump up ^ Barguet, Paul (1967). Le Livre des morts des anciens Égyptiens (in French). Paris: Éditions du Cerf.
^ Jump up to: a b Faulkner 1994, p.141
Jump up ^ Taylor, p.58
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.16-17
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.17 & 20
Jump up ^ For instance, Spell 154. Taylor 2010, p.161
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.163-4
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.163
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.17, 164
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.164
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.17
Jump up ^ Spells 100–2, 129–131 and 133–136. Taylor 2010, p.239–241
Jump up ^ Spells 109, 110 and 149. Taylor 2010, p.238–240
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.242–245
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.143
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.135
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.136–7
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 188
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 184–7
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 208
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.209
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.215
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor 2010, p.212
^ Jump up to: a b Faulkner 1994, p.14
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010,p.204–5
Jump up ^ Pinch 1994, p.155
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.62
^ Jump up to: a b Faulkner 1994, p.142
^ Jump up to: a b c Taylor 2010, p.264
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.62–3
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.267
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 266
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 270
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p. 277
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.267–8
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.270
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.268
Jump up ^ Faulkner 1994, p.13
Jump up ^ Taylor 210, p.288 9
Jump up ^ "Egypt's Place in Universal History", Vol 5, 1867
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.289 92
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.291
Jump up ^ Hornung 1999, p.15–16
Jump up ^ Müller-Roth 2010, p.190-191
Jump up ^ Das Altagyptische Totenbuch: Ein Digitales Textzeugenarchiv (external link)
Jump up ^ Müller-Roth 2010, p.191
Jump up ^ Taylor 2010, p.292–7
Jump up ^ Kemp, Barry (2007). How to Read the Egyptian Book of the Dead. New York: Granta Publications. pp. 112–113. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Further reading[edit]
Allen, James P., Middle Egyptian – An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, first edition, Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-521-77483-7
Allen, Thomas George, The Egyptian Book of the Dead: Documents in the Oriental Institute Museum at the University of Chicago. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1960.
Allen, Thomas George, The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day. Ideas of the Ancient Egyptians Concerning the Hereafter as Expressed in Their Own Terms, SAOC vol. 37; University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1974.
Assmann, Jan (2005) [2001]. Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt. Translated by David Lorton. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-4241-9
D'Auria, S (et al.) Mummies and Magic: the Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1989. ISBN 0-87846-307-0
Faulkner, Raymond O; Andrews, Carol (editor), The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1972.
Faulkner, Raymond O (translator); von Dassow, Eva (editor), The Egyptian Book of the Dead, The Book of Going forth by Day. The First Authentic Presentation of the Complete Papyrus of Ani. Chronicle Books, San Francisco, 1994.
Hornung, Erik; Lorton, D (translator), The Ancient Egyptian books of the Afterlife. Cornell University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8014-8515-0
Lapp, G, The Papyrus of Nu (Catalogue of Books of the Dead in the British Museum). British Museum Press, London, 1997.
Müller-Roth, Marcus, "The Book of the Dead Project: Past, present and future." British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 15 (2010): 189-200.
Niwinski, Andrzej, Studies on the Illustrated Theban Funerary Papyri of the 11th and 10th Centuries B.C.. OBO vol. 86; Universitätsverlag, Freiburg, 1989.
Pinch, Geraldine, Magic in Ancient Egypt. British Museum Press, London, 1994. ISBN 0-7141-0971-1
Taylor, John H. (Editor), Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead: Journey through the afterlife. British Museum Press, London, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7141-1993-9
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Book of the Dead
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Papyrus of Ani
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Book of the Dead.
The Mummy Chamber Brooklyn Museum Exhibit
Das altägyptische Totenbuch - ein digitales Textzeugenarchiv Complete digital archive of all witnesses for the Book of the Dead (with descriptions of the (c. 3000) objects and (c. 20.000) images)
Online Readable Text, with several images and reproductions of Egyptian papyri
Papyrus of Hunefer, with many scenes and their formula English translations, from the copy now in the British Museum
Video: British Museum curator introduces the Book of the Dead
hide
v
t
e
Ancient Egyptian religion
Beliefs
Emanationism
Isfet
Maat
Maa Kheru
Mythology
Numerology
Paganism
Pantheism
Philosophy
Polytheism
Soul

Practices
Funerals
Heku
Mortuary temples
Offering formula
Temples
Veneration of the dead
Deities
Ogdoad
Amun
Amunet
Heh
Hauhet
Kek
Kauket
Nu
Naunet
Ennead
Atum
Shu
Tefnut
Geb
Nut
Osiris
Isis
Set
Nephthys
Aker
Akhty
Ammit
Am-heh
Anat
Andjety
Anhur
Anput
Anubis
Anuket
Apedemak
Apep
Apis
Apt
Aqen
Arensnuphis
Ash
Assessors
Astarte
Aten
Babi
Banebdjedet
Bastet
Bat
Bata
Ba-Pef
Bes
Buchis
Cavern deities
Dedun
Four sons of Horus
Duamutef
Hapi
Imset
Qebehsenuef
Gate deities
Ha
Hapi
Hathor
Hatmehit
Hedetet
Hedjhotep
Heka
Hemen
Hemsut
Heqet
Hermanubis
Hesat
Horus
Heryshaf
Hu
Iabet
Iah
Iat
Ihy
Imentet
Imhotep
Iunit
Iusaaset
Kebechet
Khensit
Khenti-Amentiu
Khenti-kheti
Khepri
Kherty
Khnum
Khonsu
Kothar-wa-Khasis
Maahes
Ma'at
Mandulis
Medjed
Mafdet
Mehen
Mehet-Weret
Mehit
Menhit
Meret
Meretseger
Meskhenet
Min
Mnevis
Montu
Mut
Nebethetepet
Nebtuwi
Nefertem
Nehebkau
Nehmetawy
Neith
Nemty
Nekhbet
Neper
Pakhet
Petbe
Ptah
Qebui
Qetesh
Ra
Raet-Tawy
Rem
Renenutet
Renpet
Repyt
Resheph
Sah
Satis
Sekhmet
Seker
Serapis
Serket
Seshat
Shai
Shed
Shesmetet
Shezmu
Sia
Sobek
Sopdet
Sopdu
Souls of Pe and Nekhen
Tatenen
Taweret
Tayt
Ta-Bitjet
Tenenet
Thoth
Hermes Trismegistus
Tjenenyet
Tutu
Unut
Wadjet
Wadj-wer
Weneg
Wepset
Wepwawet
Werethekau
Wosret
Creatures
Aani
Abtu
Bennu
Griffin
Hieracosphinx
Medjed
Serpopard
Sha
Sphinx
Uraeus
Characters
Dedi
Djadjaemankh
Rededjet
Ubaoner
Locations
Neter-khertet
Aaru
Benben
Duat
Land of Manu
The Indestructibles
Symbols
and Objects
Ankh
Atef
Atet
Book of Thoth
Cartouche
Crook and flail
Deshret
Djed
Egyptian obelisk
Egyptian pool
Eye of Horus
Eye of Ra
Hedjet
Hemhem crown
Hennu
Imiut fetish
Khepresh
Kneph
Matet boat
Menat
Nebu
Nemes
Neshmet
Ouroboros
Pschent
Scarab
Seqtet boat
Serekh
Shen ring
Tyet
Ushabti
Was-sceptre
Winged sun
Writings
Amduat
Books of Breathing
Book of Caverns
Book of the Dead
Book of the Earth
Book of Gates
Book of the Heavenly Cow
Book of Traversing Eternity
Coffin Texts
The Contendings of Horus and Seth
Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld
Great Hymn to the Aten
Litany of the Eye of Horus
Litany of Re
Pyramid Texts
Related religions
Atenism
Gnosticism
Hermeticism
Kemetism
Temple of Set
Book
Ancient Egypt portal
hide
v
t
e
Ancient Egypt topics
Outline
Index
Major topics
Glossary of artifacts
Agriculture
Architecture (Egyptian Revival architecture)
Art
Astronomy
Chronology
Cities (list)
Clothing
Cuisine
Dynasties
Funerary practices
Geography
Great Royal Wives
History
Language
Literature
Mathematics
Medicine
Military
Music
Mythology
People
Pharaohs (list)
Philosophy
Religion
Sites
Technology
Trade
Writing
Egyptology
Egyptologists
Museums
Book
Category
Ancient Egypt portal
WikiProject
Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_the_Dead&oldid=843404120"
Categories:
Ancient Egyptian funerary texts
Egyptian mythology
Ancient Egyptian texts
Book of the Dead
2nd millennium BC in religion
Works of unknown authorship
Hidden categories:
CS1 French-language sources (fr)
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Good articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
العربية
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Беларуская
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Čeština
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Italiano
עברית
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
مصرى
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
中文
41 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 May 2018, at 23:03.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Book of the Dead (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: style src height title alt

values: background: palegoldenrod; border-bottom: 1px solid crimson; padding: 0.5em

values: font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid crimson; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;

values:
/wiki/New_Kingdom
mw-redirect
New Kingdom

values:
/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period
mw-redirect
Third Intermediate Period

values:
/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphics
mw-redirect
Egyptian hieroglyphics

values:
/wiki/Old_Kingdom
mw-redirect
Old Kingdom

values:
/wiki/5th_dynasty
mw-redirect
5th dynasty

values:
/wiki/6th_dynasty
mw-redirect
6th dynasty

values:
/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period
mw-redirect
Second Intermediate Period

values:
/wiki/13th_dynasty
mw-redirect
13th dynasty

values:
/wiki/17th_dynasty_of_Egypt
mw-redirect
17th dynasty of Egypt

values:
/wiki/Weighing_of_the_Heart
mw-redirect
Weighing of the Heart

values:
/wiki/19th_dynasty
mw-redirect
19th dynasty

values:
/wiki/25th_dynasty
mw-redirect
25th dynasty

values:
/wiki/26th_dynasty
mw-redirect
26th dynasty

values:
/wiki/Ptolemaic_period
mw-redirect
Ptolemaic period

values:
/wiki/Book_of_Breathing
mw-redirect
Book of Breathing

values: Edit section: Egyptian concepts of death and afterlife

values: Edit section: Producing a Book of the Dead

values:
/wiki/21st_Dynasty
mw-redirect
21st Dynasty

values: Edit section: Discovery, translation, interpretation and preservation

values:
/wiki/History_of_Ptolemaic_Egypt
mw-redirect
History of Ptolemaic Egypt

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/James_P._Allen
mw-redirect
James P. Allen

values:
nofollow
http://www.totenbuch.awk.nrw.de/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://bookofthedead.book-lover.com

values: Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer

values: Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion footer

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Cartouche_(hieroglyph)
mw-redirect
Cartouche (hieroglyph)

values:
/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk
mw-redirect
Egyptian obelisk

values:
/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld
mw-redirect
Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values:
*_Outline
*_Index
*_Major_topics
*_Glossary_of_artifacts

values: List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities

values:
/wiki/Writing_in_Ancient_Egypt
mw-redirect
Writing in Ancient Egypt

values:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Category:Ancient Egyptian funerary texts

values: Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values: كتاب الموتى – Arabic

values: Ölülər kitabı (Qədim Misir) – Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: বুক অব দ্য ডেড – Bangla

values: Кніга мёртвых – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Книга на мъртвите (Древен Египет) – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Αιγυπτιακή Βίβλος των Νεκρών – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: کتاب مردگان – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Livre des morts des Anciens Égyptiens – French

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Հին եգիպտական Մեռյալների գիրք – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ספר המתים – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Книга на мртвите – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: 死者の書 (古代エジプト) – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Древнеегипетская Книга мёртвых – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Књига мртвих – Serbian

values: இறந்தோர் நூல் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: คัมภีร์มรณะ – Thai

values: Книга мертвих – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: کتاب اموات – Urdu

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Book_of_the_Dead rootpage-Book_of_the_Dead skin-vector action-view


text:
Bombay Stock Exchange
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE
Type
Stock exchange
Location
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Coordinates
18°55′47″N 72°50′01″E / 18.929681°N 72.833589°E / 18.929681; 72.833589
Founded
9 July 1875
Key people
Ashishkumar Chauhan (MD & CEO)
Currency
Indian rupee (₹)
No. of listings
5,749[citation needed]
Market cap
₹ 94.65 Lakh Crore (Mar. 2016)[1]
Volume
₹ 559674 Crores (June 2014)[2]
Indices
BSE SENSEX
S&P BSE SmallCap
S&P BSE MidCap
S&P BSE LargeCap
BSE 500
Website
www.bseindia.com
The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is an Indian stock exchange located at Dalal Street, Kala Ghoda, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.
Established in 1875, the BSE is Asia’s first stock exchange, It claims to be the world's fastest stock exchange, with a median trade speed of 6 microseconds,[3] The BSE is the world's 11th largest stock exchange with an overall market capitalization of more than $ 2 Trillion as of July, 2017.[4] More than 5500 companies are publicly listed on the BSE. Of these, as of November 2016, there are only 7,800 listed companies of which only 4000 trade on the stock exchanges at BSE and NSE. Hence the stocks trading at the BSE and NSE account for only about 4% of the Indian economy.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Timeline
1.1.1 1996 To 2000
1.1.2 2001 To 2010
1.1.3 2011 To 2014
1.1.4 2015
2 Hours of operation
3 Indices
4 Award
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Bombay Stock Exchange was founded by Premchand Roychand. He was one of the most influential businessmen in 19th-century Bombay. A man who made a fortune in the stockbroking business and came to be known as the Cotton King, the Bullion King or just the Big Bull. He was also the founder of the Native Share and Stock Brokers Association, an institution that is now known as the BSE.[6]
The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. Its history dates back to 1855, when 22 stockbrokers[7] would gather under banyan trees in front of Mumbai's Town Hall. The location of these meetings changed many times to accommodate an increasing number of brokers. The group eventually moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and became an official organization known as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association" in 1875.
On August 31, 1957, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. In 1980, the exchange moved to the Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort area. In 1986, it developed the S&P BSE SENSEX index, giving the BSE a means to measure the overall performance of the exchange. In 2000, the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading S&P BSE SENSEX futures contracts. The development of S&P BSE SENSEX options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE's trading platform.
Historically an open outcry floor trading exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system developed by CMC Ltd. in 1995. It took the exchange only 50 days to make this transition. This automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-Line Trading (BOLT) had a capacity of 8 million orders per day. The BSE has also introduced a centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx.co.in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. Now BSE has raised capital by issuing shares and as on 3rd may 2017 the BSE share which is traded in NSE only closed with Rs.999 . [8]
The BSE is also a Partner Exchange of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchange initiative, joining in September 2012.[9]
Timeline[edit]
This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (February 2015)
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
1996 To 2000[edit]
19 August 1996 First major SENSEX revamp* 22 March 1999 Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL) set up with other financial institutions
1 June 1999 Interest rate swaps (IRS) / Forward Rate Agreements (FRA) allowed
15 July 1999 CDSL commences work
11 October 1999 SENSEX closed above 5000
11 February 2000 SENSEX crosses 6000 intra-day
9 June 2000 Equity Derivatives introduced
There are co operatives society & joint stock companies & Multinational companies.
Robert Owen was the first to start co operative society at year of 1844
13 July sensex hits life time high of 32000
2001 To 2010[edit]
1 March 2001 Corporatisation of Exchanges proposed by the Union Govt.
1 February 2001 BSE Webx Launched
1 June 2001 Index Options launched
4 June 2001 BSE PSU index introduced
15 June 2001 WDM operations at commenced
2 July 2001 Value at risk model introduced for margin requirement calculation
9 July 2001 Stock options launched
11 July 2001 BSE Teck launched, India’s First free float index
25 July 2001 Dollex 30 launched
1 November 2001 Stock futures launched
29 November 2001 100% book building allowed
31 December 2001 All securities clearing move to T+5 (trade date + 5 days)
1 February 2002 Two way fungibility for ADR/GDR
15 February 2002 Negotiated Dealing System (NDS) established
1 April 2002 T+3 settlement Introduced
1 January 2003 India’s first ETF on SENSEX – ‘SPICE' introduced
16 January 2003 Retail trading in G Sec
1 April 2003 T+2 settlement Introduced
1 June 2003 Bankex launched
1 September 2003 SENSEX shifted to free-float methodology
1 December 2003 T group launched
2 June 2004 SENSEX closes over 6000 for the first time (564.71 points, 11.14%)
17 May 2004 Second biggest fall of all time, Circuit filters used twice in a day (the Scheme) announced by SEBI
20 May 2005 The BSE (Corporatisation and Demutualisation) Scheme, 2005
8 August 2005 Incorporation of Bombay Stock Exchange Limited
12 August 2005 Certificate of Commencement of Business
19 August 2005 BSE became a Corporate Entity
7 February 2006 SENSEX closed above 10000
7 July 2006 BSE Gujarati website launched
21 October 2006 BSE Hindi website launched
2 November 2006 ishares BSE SENSEX India Tracker listed at Hong Kong Stock Exchange
2 January 2007 Launch of Unified Corporate Bond Reporting platform: Indian Corporate Debt Market (ICDM)
7 March 2007 Singapore Exchange Limited entered into an agreement to invest in a 5% stake in BSE
16 May 2007 Appointed Date under the Scheme i.e. Date on which Corporatisaton and Demutualisation was achieved. Notified by SEBI in the Official Gazette on 29 June 2007
10 January 2008 SENSEX All-time high 21206.77
1 October 2008 Currency Derivatives Introduced
18 May 2009 The SENSEX raised 2110.70 points (17.34%) and Index-wide upper circuit breaker applied
7 August 2009 BSE — USE Form Alliance to Develop Currency & Interest Rate
24 August 2009 BSE IPO Index launched
1 October 2009 Bombay Stock Exchange introduces trade details facility for the Investors
5 October 2009 BSE Introduces New Transaction Fee Structure for Cash Equity Segment
18 December 2009 BSE's new derivatives rates to lower transaction costs for all
4 January 2010 Market time changed to 9.0 a.m. – 3.30 p.m.
20 January 2010 BSE PSU website launched
22 April 2010 New DBM framework @ Rs.10 lakhs – 90% reduction in Membership Deposit
12 May 2010 Dissemination of Corporate Action information via SWIFT platform
23 July 2010 Options on BOLT
21 September 2010 First to introduce Mobile-based Trading
29 September 2010 Introduction of Smart Order Routing (SOR)
4 October 2010 EUREX — SENSEX Futures launch
11 October 2010 Launch of Fastrade on Web (FoW) – Exchange hosted platform
5 November 2010 SENSEX closes above 21,000 for the first time
12 November 2010 Commencement of Volatility Index
22 November 2010 Launch of SLB
10 December 2010 Launch of SIP
27 December 2010 Commencement of S&P BSE 500 Shariah Index
2011 To 2014[edit]
17 November 2011 Maharashtra and United Kingdom Environment Ministers launched Concept Note for BSE Carbon Index
30 December 2011, picks up a stake in the proxy advisory firm, Institutional Investor Advisory Services India Limited (IiAS)
7 January 2011 BSE Training Institute Ltd. with IGNOU launched India's first 2-year full-time MBA programme specialising in Financial Market
15 January 2011 Co-location facility at BSE&n[10] as BSE ties up with Standard & Poor's to use the S&P brand for Sensex and other indices.[11]
28 November 2013 Launch of Currency Derivatives (BSE CDX)
28 January 2014 Launch of Interest Rate Futures (BSE –IRF)
11 February 2014 Launch of Institutional Trading Platform on BSE SME
20 March 2014 BSE Launches New Debt Segment
4 April 2014 BSE SME exceeds USD 1 billion market capitalisation
7 April 2014 Launch of Equity Segment on BOLT Plus with Median Response Time of 200 (µs)
27 May 2014 BSE felicitated at The Asian Banker Summit 2014
26 September 2014 BSE inks MoU with BNY Mellon
22 October 2014 BSE inks strategic partnership with YES BANK
28 November 2014 BSE listed cos market cap crosses landmark 100 lakh crore
12 December 2014 Market Cap of BSE SME listed companies crosses landmark 10,000 crore
2015[edit]
8 January 2015 BSE commenced live trading from its Disaster Recovery site in Hyderabad [12]
Asia Index Private Limited launches S&P BSE AllCap, S&P BSE SENSEX Leverage and Inverse Indices on 16 April 2015
BSE gives Rs. 1.01 crore to Swachh Bharat Kosh on 22 April 2015
BSE introduces overnight investment product on 18 May 2015
BSE exceeds 1 billion derivatives contracts on its new Deutsche Börse T7 powered trading platform on 28 May 2015
BSE celebrated its 140th Foundation Day on 9 July 2015
BSE SME successfully completes listing of 100 SMEs under its SME umbrella on 16 July 2015
BSE witnesses its fourth largest fall in history on a single day of 1,625 points dated 24 August 2015
BSE becomes the fastest exchange in the world with a median response speed of 6 microseconds on 13 October 2015[13]
2016
March 28, 2016 BSE StAR Mutual Fund Processes 81,000 orders worth Rs. 270 crore - Record Order in single day
April 5, 2016 BSE & CMIE launch world’s first high-frequency data on unemployment and consumer sentiments
April 28, 2016 BSE signs Memorandum of Understanding with Korea Exchange (KRX) to launch S&P BSE Sensex based derivatives contracts at KRX
May 2, 2016 BSE Migrates Algorithm Trading Test Environment to Cloud Infrastructure
June 9, 2016 BSE announces commencement of trading of Sovereign Gold Bonds
2017
February 3, 2017 BSE becomes India's first listed stock exchange
January 9, 2017 the Prime Minister of India inaugurated India International Exchange(India INX), India's first international stock exchange.[14]
Hours of operation[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Session
Timing
Pre-open Trading Session 09:00 – 09:15
Trading Session 09:15 – 15:30
Position Transfer Session 15:40 – 16:00
Closing Session 15:40 – 16:00
Option Exercise Session 17:07
BSE representing growth of India
The hours of operation for the BSE quoted above are stated in terms of the local time (GMT + 5:30). BSE's normal trading sessions occur on all days of the week except weekends and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.[15]
Indices[edit]
Graph of S&P BSE SENSEX monthly data from January 1991 to May 2013
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The launch of S&P BSE SENSEX in 1986 was later followed up in January 1989 by the introduction of the BSE National Index (Base: 1983–84 = 100). It comprised 100 stocks listed at five major stock exchanges in India – Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Madras. The BSE National Index was renamed BSE-100[16] Index from 14 October 1996 and, since then, its calculations take into consideration only the prices of stocks listed at BSE.
BSE launched the dollar-linked version of BSE-100 index on 22 May 2006, the "BSE-200" and the "DOLLEX-200" on 27 May 1994, the BSE-500 Index and 5 sectoral indices in 1999, and the BSE-PSU Index, DOLLEX-300, and the BSE TECk Index (the country's first free-float based index) in 2001. Over the years, BSE shifted all its indices to the free-float methodology (except BSE-PSU index).
The BSE disseminates information on the Price-Earnings Ratio, the Price to Book Value Ratio, and the Dividend Yield Percentage of all its major indices on day-to-day basis. The values of all BSE indices are updated on a real-time basis during market hours and displayed through the BOLT system, the BSE website, and news wire agencies. All BSE Indices are reviewed periodically by the BSE Index Committee. This Committee, which comprises eminent independent finance professionals, frames the broad policy guidelines for the development and maintenance of all BSE indices. The BSE Index Cell carries out the day-to-day maintenance of all indices and conducts research on development of new indices.[17][non-primary source needed]
SENSEX is significantly correlated with the stock indices of other emerging markets.[18][not in citation given][unreliable source?] The S&P BSE SmallCap Index accounts for 45% of the annual turnover, while the S&P BSE MidCap Index and the S&P BSE LargeCap Index account for 21% and 30% respectively.
Award[edit]
Business World Digital Leadership and CIO Award
The IDC Digital Transformation Awards 2017
The Best Exchange of the year award for equity and currency derivatives in Tefla's Commodity Economic Outlook Award 2017
Best Brand award 2017 by Economic Times
CIO POWER LIST 2017
Best Corporate film encompassing Vision, History, Value and Spirit of Excellence award, Best Corporate film on Employer Branding award and Most Influential HR Leaders in India award at World HRD Congress 2017
'Best Exchange of the year' award at 4th India Bullion & Jewellery awards 2017
Red Hat Innovation Awards 2016 by Red Hat Solutions
Skoch Achiever Award 2016 for SME Enablement
Best IT Implementation Award 2016 in the “Most Complex Project Category” by PCQues
InfoSec Maestros Awards 2016
Lions CSR Precious Awards 2016 [19][unreliable source?]
Skoch Achiever Award 2016 for SME Enablement [20][non-primary source needed]
BSE has been awarded PCQUEST Best IT Implementation Awards 2016 for New Data Centre & DR SITE in MOST COMPLEX PROJECT Category [21][non-primary source needed]
Golden Peacock Global Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance for the year 2015[22][non-primary source needed]
Lokmat HR Leadership Award at Mumbai in June-2014 [23][non-primary source needed]
50 most talented global HR leaders in Asia at the World HRD congress at Mumbai in February-2014 [24][not in citation given]
FIICI-Frames Best Animation Film-International Category for the Investor Education television commercial [25][non-primary source needed]
India Innovation Award for Big Data Implementation[citation needed]
ICICI Lombard & ET Now Risk Manager Award in BFSI Category [26]
SKOCH Order of Merit for E-Boss for qualifying among India’s Best 2013 [27][non-primary source needed]
SKOCH Financial Award 2013 [28][not in citation given]
Financial Inclusion Awards – 2011 [29][not in citation given]
Indian Merchant Chamber Award in the Large Enterprise Category for use of Information Technology [30][non-primary source needed]
Best Managed Financial Derivatives Exchange in the Asia Pacific by The Asian Banker [31][non-primary source needed]
The Golden Peacock Global CSR Award for its initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility [32][non-primary source needed]
BSE has won NASSCOM – CNBC-TV18’s IT User Awards, 2010 in Financial Services category [33][non-primary source needed]
BSE has won Skoch Virtual Corporation 2010 Award in the BSE StAR MF category [34][non-primary source needed]
Responsibility Award (CSR), by the World Council of Corporate Governance[citation needed]
Annual Reports and Accounts of BSE have been awarded the ICAI awards for excellence in financial reporting for four consecutive years from 2006 onwards [35][unreliable source?]
Human Resource Management at BSE has won the Asia – Pacific HRM awards for its efforts in employer branding through talent management at work, health management at work and excellence in HR through technology [36][non-primary source needed]
CIO of the Year- Financial Sector: Ashishkumar Chauhan, Dy Chief Executive Officer, Bombay Stock Exchange [37][not in citation given]
The World Council of Corporate Governance has awarded the Golden Peacock Global CSR Award in financial sector for BSE's initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in 2007.[38]
See also[edit]
Clause 49
National Stock Exchange of India
List of South Asian stock exchanges
List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations
SAMCO Securities
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bombay Stock Exchange Holidays". Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "BSE becomes world's fastest stock exchange: Ashishkumar Chauhan - The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
Jump up ^ "Investors' wealth hits $2 trillion mark as Sensex rallies". Retrieved 10 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "National economic debate - Stock markets or rigged casinos - talk by Professor Dr. R. Vaidyanathan (IIM Bangalore) - 21 Jan 2011, Mumbai". www.youtube.com. National Economic Debates. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ http://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/R5BUHntOmItyIJ2yE4G09M/Premchand-Roychand-Mumbais-original-share-king.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Mishra, Ashish K. (2015-05-23). "Livemint: Business news, financial news, current affairs and analysis of stock markets and Indian economy". http://www.livemint.com/. Retrieved 2017-06-17. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ "BSEIndia". BSEIndia. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) commits to promoting sustainability". UNCTAD. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ bsp;— tie up with Netmagic.com
22 February 2012 Launch of BSE-GREENEX to promote investments in Green India
13 March 2012 Launch of BSE — SME Exchange Platform
30 March 2012 BSE launched trading in BRICSMART indices derivatives
19 February 2013 – SENSEX becomes S&P SENSEX
Jump up ^ Vyas Mohan (19 February 2013). "Sensex to carry S&P tag". Livemint. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Our Bureau. "BSE trading from Hyderabad DR site". The Hindu Business Line.
Jump up ^ "BSE becomes world's fastest stock exchange: Ashishkumar Chauhan - The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
Jump up ^ "BSE's India INX: 10 things to know about our 1st international exchange". Business Standard. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Session Timings". www.bseindia.com. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
Jump up ^ "BSE-100 (BSE100) Live Financial Chart". Investing.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "BSEIndia". BSEIndia. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "BSE SENSEX Index Chart — Yahoo! Finance". Finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "LIONS CSR Precious Awards to BSE Ltd. - LIONS CSR Precious Awards". Facebook. 2016-03-26. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Skoch Achiever Award 2016 for Banks". Skoch.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "BSEIndia - BSE has been awarded PCQUEST Best IT...". Facebook. 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Review Summary" (PDF). Goldenpeacockawards.com. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "World HRD Congress". Worldhrdcongress.com. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "CHRO Asia". Chroasia.org. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "FICCI BAF AWARDS 2015 : Winners List" (PDF). Ficca-frames.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
Jump up ^ "ET-ICICI". Indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Skoch Renaissance Awards 2013". Skoch.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ Bhupendra. "Bombay Stock Exchange". Financialinclusion.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Financial Inclusion - Awardees". Financialinclusion.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ ":: IMC IT Awards - Excellence Awards in IT ::". Imc-itawards.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Australia Securities Exchange wins Best Managed Clearing House of the Year 2014" (PDF). Asainbankerawards.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Winners - NASSCOM". Nasscom.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ Administrator. "Skoch Digital Inclusion Awards 2012". digitalinclusion.in. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
Jump up ^ "ICAI AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE IN FINANCIAL REPORTING (2008-09)" (PDF). 220.227.161.86. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Asia Pacific HRM Congress 2015". asiapacifichrmcongress.com.
Jump up ^ Administrator. "CIO of the Year- Financial Sector: Ashishkumar Chauhan, Dy Chief Executive Officer, Bombay Stock Exchange". digitalinclusion.in.
Jump up ^ "Golden Peak Awards for CSR". Goldenpeacockawards.com/. Golden Peak Awards. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014. [non-primary source needed]
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bombay Stock Exchange.
Official website
Coordinates: 18°55′47″N 72°50′01″E / 18.929681°N 72.833589°E / 18.929681; 72.833589 (Bombay Stock Exchange)
[show]
v
t
e
Stock exchanges in India
Ahmedabad Stock Exchange
Bangalore Stock Exchange
Bhubaneswar Stock Exchange
Bombay Stock Exchange
Calcutta Stock Exchange
Delhi Stock Exchange
Guwahati Stock Exchange
India International Exchange
Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India
Jaipur Stock Exchange
Ludhiana Stock Exchange
Madras Stock Exchange
MCX Stock Exchange
Meerut Stock Exchange
National Stock Exchange of India
OTC Exchange of India
Pune Stock Exchange
United Stock Exchange of India
UP Stock Exchange
Vadodara Stock Exchange
De-recognized stock exchanges
Capital Stock Exchange of Kerala
Cochin Stock Exchange
Coimbatore Stock Exchange
Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange
Magadh Stock Exchange
Mangalore Stock Exchange
Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange
[show]
v
t
e
Largest stock exchanges by market capitalization
New York Stock Exchange
NASDAQ
London Stock Exchange
Borsa Italiana
Japan Exchange Group – Tokyo
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Euronext
Shenzhen
Toronto Stock Exchange
Deutsche Börse
Bombay Stock Exchange
National Stock Exchange of India
SIX Swiss Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange
South Korea
NASDAQ OMX Nordic Exchange
JSE Limited
BME Spanish Exchanges
Taiwan
BM&F Bovespa
[show]
v
t
e
World Federation of Exchanges
Members
Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
Amman Stock Exchange
Athens Stock Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange
Bahrain Bourse
BATS Global Markets
Bermuda Stock Exchange
BM&F Bovespa
BME Spanish Exchanges
Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires
Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago
Bolsa de Valores de Colombia
Bolsa de Valores de Lima
Bolsa Mexicana de Valores
Borsa Istanbul
Bourse de Casablanca
BSE India Limited
Bursa Malaysia
CBOE Holdings
China Financial Futures Exchange
CME Group
Colombo Stock Exchange
Cyprus Stock Exchange
Dalian Commodity Exchange
Deutsche Börse
Dubai Financial Market
Egyptian Exchange
Euronext
Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
Indonesia Stock Exchange
Intercontinental Exchange
International Securities Exchange
Irish Stock Exchange
Japan Exchange Group
JSE Limited
Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
Korea Exchange
Luxembourg Stock Exchange
Malta Stock Exchange
Moscow Exchange
Muscat Securities Market
NASDAQ OMX
National Stock Exchange of India
Nigerian Stock Exchange
NZX Limited
Oslo Børs
Philippine Stock Exchange
Qatar Exchange
Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul)
Shanghai Futures Exchange
Shanghai Stock Exchange
Shenzhen Stock Exchange
Singapore Exchange
SIX Swiss Exchange
Stock Exchange of Mauritius
Stock Exchange of Thailand
Taipei Exchange
Taiwan Futures Exchange
Taiwan Stock Exchange
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
TMX Group
Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
Associates
Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
Options Clearing Corporation
Affiliates
Beirut Stock Exchange
Bourse de Tunis
BRVM
Bucharest Stock Exchange
Cayman Islands Stock Exchange
Chittagong Stock Exchange
Dhaka Stock Exchange
Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange
Hanoi Stock Exchange
Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
Multi Commodity Exchange
Nairobi Securities Exchange
Namibian Stock Exchange
Nepal Stock Exchange
Palestine Exchange
Port Moresby Stock Exchange
The International Stock Exchange
Ukrainian Exchange
Correspondents
Barbados Stock Exchange
Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange
Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario
Bolsa de Valores de Panama
Bolsa Nacional de Valores
Canadian Securities Exchange
Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange
Ghana Stock Exchange
Jamaica Stock Exchange
Kuwait Stock Exchange
Miami International Securities Exchange
PFTS Stock Exchange
Sydney Stock Exchange
Seychelles Securities Exchange (Trop-X)
[show]
v
t
e
Mumbai topics
History
Timeline
Silhara dynasty
Bombay Presidency
Seven Islands of Bombay
Elephanta Caves
Banganga Tank
Old Bombay
Worli Fort
Girangaon
Samyukta Maharashtra Movement
Tanks
Growth of Mumbai
1992–93 riots
1993 bombings
2008 attacks
Terrorism
Geography
Powai Lake
Vihar Lake
Tulsi Lake
Thane Creek
Mahim Bay
Back Bay
Mithi River
Ulhas River
Gilbert Hill
Malabar Hill
Salsette Island
Mumbai Harbour
Middle Ground
Climate
Beaches
Eastern Suburbs
Western Suburbs
South Mumbai
Neighbourhoods
Buildings
Architecture of Mumbai
Gateway of India
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Naval Dockyard
Bombay Stock Exchange
Hutatma Chowk
General Post Office
Shreepati Arcade
Regal Cinema
Mount Mary's Church
Haji Ali Dargah
Flora Fountain
David Sassoon Library
Mumba Devi Temple
Mahalaxmi Temple
Prince of Wales Museum
National Gallery of Modern Art
Asiatic Society of Mumbai
Jehangir Art Gallery
Gowalia Tank
Shri Swaminarayan Mandir
Mahim Church
Transport
Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST)
Mumbai Suburban Railway
Central Railway
Western Railway
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
Juhu Aerodrome
Auto rickshaw
Metro
Monorail
Skywalk
Western railway elevated corridor
Water transport
Mumbai Bus Rapid Transit System
Mumbai Urban Transport Project
Roads
Airoli Bridge
Altamount Road
Bandra–Worli Sea Link
Carmichael Road
Colaba Causeway
Currey Road Bridge
Dadabhai Naoroji Road
Eastern Express Highway
Eastern Freeway
Fashion Street
Hughes Road
Jeejabai Bhosle Marg
JVLR
Linking Road
Lady Jamshetjee Road
LBS Marg
Lamington Road
Mahim Causeway
Marine Drive
MTHL
Nepean Sea Road
P D'Mello Road
Pedder Road
Princess Street
SCLR
SV Road
Sahar Elevated Access Road
Sion Panvel Highway
Vashi Bridge
Veera Desai Road
Western Express Highway
Economy
Bombay Stock Exchange
National Stock Exchange of India
Reserve Bank of India
Mint
Dalal Street
Nariman Point
Education
and Research
Universities
& Colleges
University of Mumbai (MU)
SNDT Women's University
Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay (IIT-B)
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI)
Mulund College of Commerce
ICT (formerly UDCT)
NITIE
Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS)
SP Jain Institute of Management and Research
NMIMS
St. Xavier's College
Sathaye College
Ramnarain Ruia College
DG Ruparel College
Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics
V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce
Schools
Bombay Scottish School
Campion School
Cathedral and John Connon School
Dhirubhai Ambani International School
Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School
Jamnabai Narsee School
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
King George High School, Dadar(E)
St. Theresa's Boys High School
Institutes for Science
& Learning
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
Nehru Planetarium
Nehru Science Centre
Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)
Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS)
Civic
Mayor
Police Commissioner
Municipal Commissioner
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
Mumbai Police
Wards
Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport
Demographics
Water sources
Bombay High Court
Sheriff
Culture
Marathi
Mumbaiya/Bombaiya/Bambaiya
Dabbawalas
Mumbaikar
Street food
Vada pav
Bhelpuri
Sevpuri
Dahi puri
Panipuri
Ragda pattice
Cultural centres
Cinemas
Kala Ghoda festival
Mumbai Marathon
Tourist attractions
Little Bombay, Jersey City, USA
Religion in Mumbai
Jainism in Mumbai
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay
History of the Jews in Mumbai
List of churches in Mumbai
Anglican Diocese of Bombay
Mumbai Orthodox Diocese
Other topics
Bombay High
Kamathipura
Dharavi
People from Mumbai
Category
Commons
Mumbai portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Stock_Exchange&oldid=807358253"
Categories:
Bombay Stock Exchange
Companies established in 1875
Stock exchanges in India
Financial services companies based in Mumbai
1875 establishments in India
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
CS1 errors: external links
All pages needing factual verification
Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2016
Articles with peacock terms from August 2016
All articles with peacock terms
Wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from August 2014
Articles needing cleanup from January 2011
All pages needing cleanup
Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from January 2011
Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from January 2011
Articles needing additional references from August 2016
All articles needing additional references
EngvarB from March 2015
Use dmy dates from November 2015
Pages using deprecated image syntax
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015
Articles needing cleanup from February 2015
Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from February 2015
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from August 2016
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Bahasa Indonesia
ಕನ್ನಡ
മലയാളം
मराठी
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
తెలుగు
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 October 2017, at 13:12.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

value: span

attrs: class role tabindex

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

value: b

attrs: href title

value: i

value: small

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-peacock

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-COI

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values: BSE - Bombay Stock Exchange Building.jpg

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/Ashishkumar_Chauhan
mw-redirect
Ashishkumar Chauhan

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
nofollow
http://www.bseindia.com/
external text

values:
/wiki/Indian_Government
mw-redirect
Indian Government

values:
/wiki/Screen-based_trading
mw-redirect
Screen-based trading

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Embedded_list
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Embedded list

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose

values:
/wiki/Forward_Rate_Agreement
mw-redirect
Forward Rate Agreement

values: Institutional Investor Advisory Services

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (August 2016)

values: noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact

values: The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2016)

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. this is a link to an index tracker, not any sort of RS that has assessed the claim or anything like it (August 2016)

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. press release, Facebook link! (August 2016)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. this is a PDF hosted at a random IP number (August 2016)

values: List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations

values:
nofollow
http://www.livemint.com/
external free

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bseindia.com/about/tech.asp

values:
nofollow
external text
http://chroasia.org/most_talented.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ficci-frames.com/winners.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://imc-itawards.in/Winners2014.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nasscom.in/winners-0

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Meerut Stock Exchange (page does not exist)

values: Capital Stock Exchange of Kerala (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/NASDAQ_OMX_Nordic_Exchange
mw-redirect
NASDAQ OMX Nordic Exchange

values:
/wiki/BM%26F_Bovespa
mw-redirect
BM&F Bovespa

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template talk:World Federation of Exchanges

values:
/wiki/CBOE_Holdings
mw-redirect
CBOE Holdings

values:
/wiki/NASDAQ_OMX_Group
mw-redirect
NASDAQ OMX Group

values: Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange

values: Bolsa de Valores de Panama (page does not exist)

values: Bolsa Nacional de Valores (page does not exist)

values: Miami International Securities Exchange (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Silhara_dynasty
mw-redirect
Silhara dynasty

values:
/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Movement
mw-redirect
Samyukta Maharashtra Movement

values:
/wiki/Bombay_Riots
mw-redirect
Bombay Riots

values:
/wiki/Terrorism_in_Mumbai
mw-redirect
Terrorism in Mumbai

values:
/wiki/List_of_Mumbai_beaches
mw-redirect
List of Mumbai beaches

values:
/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus
mw-redirect
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

values:
/wiki/Mount_Mary_Church,_Bandra
mw-redirect
Mount Mary Church, Bandra

values:
/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Museum
mw-redirect
Prince of Wales Museum

values:
/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai
mw-redirect
Asiatic Society of Mumbai

values:
/wiki/BEST_Transport_division
mw-redirect
BEST Transport division

values: Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport

values:
/wiki/Linking_Road
mw-redirect
Linking Road

values: Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute

values: Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology

values: National Institute of Industrial Engineering

values: Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies

values: S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research

values: Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies

values:
/wiki/Ruparel_College
mw-redirect
Ruparel College

values: V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce

values: List of educational institutions in Mumbai

values: Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School and Junior College of Commerce

values:
/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Sangathan
mw-redirect
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

values:
/wiki/King_George_High_School,_Dadar(E)
mw-redirect
King George High School, Dadar(E)

values: Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai

values: Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport

values:
/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Mumbai
mw-redirect
List of churches in Mumbai

values:
/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Bombay
mw-redirect
Anglican Diocese of Bombay

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Category:All pages needing factual verification

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2016

values: Category:Articles with peacock terms from August 2016

values: Category:All articles with peacock terms

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from August 2014

values: Category:Articles needing cleanup from January 2011

values: Category:Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from January 2011

values: Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from January 2011

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Use dmy dates from November 2015

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015

values: Category:Articles needing cleanup from February 2015

values: Category:Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from February 2015

values: Category:All articles with failed verification

values: Category:Articles with failed verification from August 2016

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: بورصة بومباي – Arabic

values: بورس اوراق بهادار بمبئی – Persian

values: 봄베이 증권거래소 – Korean

values: बंबई स्टॉक एक्सचेंज – Hindi

values: ಮುಂಬೈ ಷೇರುಪೇಟೆ – Kannada

values: ബോംബെ സ്റ്റോക്ക് എക്സ്ചേഞ്ച് – Malayalam

values: मुंबई रोखे बाजार – Marathi

values: Бомбейн Хөрөнгийн Бирж – Mongolian

values: ボンベイ証券取引所 – Japanese

values: Bolsa de Valores de Bombaim – Portuguese

values: Бомбейская фондовая биржа – Russian

values: மும்பை பங்குச் சந்தை – Tamil

values: బాంబే స్టాక్ ఎక్స్ఛేంజ్ – Telugu

values: Бомбейська фондова біржа – Ukrainian

values: 孟买证券交易所 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Bombay_Stock_Exchange rootpage-Bombay_Stock_Exchange vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view