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All Eyez on Me (film)
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All Eyez on Me
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Benny Boom
Produced by
David Robinson
L.T. Hutton
James G. Robinson
Written by
Jeremy Haft
Eddie Gonzalez
Steven Bagatourian
Starring
Demetrius Shipp Jr.
Kat Graham
Lauren Cohan
Hill Harper
Danai Gurira
Music by
John Paesano
Cinematography
Peter Menzies Jr.
Edited by
Joel Cox
Production
companies
Morgan Creek Productions
Program Pictures
Codeblack Films
Distributed by
Summit Entertainment
Release date
June 14, 2017 (2017-06-14) (Fox Bruin Theater)
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16) (United States)
Running time
140 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$40 million[2]
Box office
$54.9 million[3]
All Eyez on Me is a 2017 American biographical drama film about hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur, directed by Benny Boom and written by Jeremy Haft, Eddie Gonzalez and Steven Bagatourian. Titled after Shakur's 1996 fourth studio album of the same name, the film stars Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Shakur with Kat Graham, Lauren Cohan, Hill Harper and Danai Gurira in supporting roles.
Principal photography began in mid-December 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia. All Eyez on Me premiered on June 14, 2017, in Los Angeles and was released in the United States on June 16, 2017, on what would have been Shakur's 46th birthday.[4] The film received negative reviews from critics but a positive response from audiences, and grossed $54 million worldwide.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
4 Marketing
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Historical accuracy
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot
At the Clinton Correctional Facility in 1995, a documentary filmmaker shows up with his crew and equipment to sit down with Tupac Shakur.
In 1971, Tupac's mother, Afeni Shakur, is released from prison along with her fellow Black Panther Party following her acquittal of several charges. She is pregnant with Tupac and voices her complaints to a reporter over the unfair treatment of black individuals in the country from not only society, but the system sworn to protect its citizens.
From an early age, Tupac is taught about black pride, and is witness to multiple injustices in his neighborhood. His stepfather, Mutulu, is a revolutionary who has influenced Afeni, who in turn influences her son and Tupac's sister Set. Mutulu is wanted by the FBI for a robbery of an armored truck, and the murder of two officers and a guard. FBI agents follow Afeni and her children. Mutulu is eventually caught during a raid when cops burst into the Shakurs' apartment, with cops violently pinning Tupac and his sister to the ground.
As Tupac gets older, he distances himself more and more from his mother's ideals and behavior. He attends the Baltimore School for the Arts, where he becomes close friends with Jada Pinkett.
Tupac's music career begins when he joins Digital Underground for their hit "Same Song". Under his manager, Leila Steinberg, he begins to have hip-hop albums produced. Although his music becomes popular, he gets into hot water with record producers for songs like "Brenda's Got a Baby", which is about a young girl who is raped by her cousin, has a baby on the bathroom floor, turns to prostitution and selling drugs for money, and how she is ultimately murdered on the streets. Tupac argues that the song comes from real stories in the streets of the impoverished and how nobody is willing to help people like the subject of the song.
Tupac also begins acting in movies such as Juice, as well as collaborating with other artists like Biggie Smalls, both performing to excited crowds at venues. He generates as much praise as he does controversy in what he does outside of music, such as donating money to poor black citizens.
Outside of his performances, Tupac has run-ins with officers when he is caught jaywalking, and is beaten by two officers. On another occasion, he and one of his friends catch two white men assaulting a black man. When they try to intervene, one man pulls a gun on Tupac. He goes back to his limo and gets his own gun. It soon reveals that the two men were off-duty cops, and Tupac is arrested for shooting at them.
Tupac becomes involved with a dealer named Nigel, and they do business together in music. When things go awry, Tupac and Nigel have a quarrel. Nigel's guys want to retaliate against Tupac, but Nigel says that nobody touches Tupac unless he says so. The other guys appear to go against Nigel's orders.
In 1993, Tupac meets a young woman named Briana, and she is with Tupac along with other men in a hotel room one night. Briana barges into his room hours later crying and screaming, indicating that the other men raped her. Tupac is later on trial for rape and harassment charges.
On November 30, 1994, Tupac is attacked by three men in the lobby of Quad Recording Studios. Tupac is shot five times before the men flee. Biggie and other guys in Tupac's entourage rush to him before he is taken to the hospital. When Biggie tries to visit Tupac, he is turned down for not being a family member. Tupac checks himself out of the hospital early against doctors' orders.
The following day, Tupac's sentence is declared in his trial. He is found not guilty of rape, but is found guilty of illegal touching, and is thus sentenced to eighteen months in prison.
While in prison, Tupac hears Biggie's song "Who Shot Ya?", and interprets it as a diss track bragging about Biggie's alleged involvement in his shooting. Tupac encounters Mutulu in there, who encourages him to work after he gets out. Mutulu later murders another inmate by stabbing him to death. Tupac is also assaulted by two guards while in prison.
Following his release, Tupac signs to Death Row Records under Suge Knight, who also collaborates with other artists, like Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg. Tupac and Dre work on the hit song "California Love". He releases the track "Hit Em Up" as a response to "Who Shot Ya?" in which Tupac brags about supposedly having an affair with Biggie's wife Faith Evans.
In Tupac's final months, he decides to part ways with Death Row Records to start his own company to produce more music, movies, and TV shows. Suge reminds Tupac that he is still in debt from other business dealings. Later, however, Suge offers Tupac a chance to become partners, with Suge taking over the west coast part of Death Row, and Tupac taking over the east coast. Tupac agrees to it.
On September 7, 1996, Tupac, Suge, and the rest of their group are leaving the Mike Tyson vs. Bruce Seldon match at the MGM Grand. One of the Death Row guys alerts Tupac and Suge to a gang member that jumped him and stole his chain. Tupac and company confront the gang member, and Tupac attacks him, knocking him to the ground. Suge and his guys start assaulting the man as Tupac is pulled off of him. Tupac stops by his hotel to change his clothes. He tells Kidada about the situation. She tries to go with him, but Tupac assures her he will only be gone for an hour.
Tupac and Suge drive from the hotel with the rest of his guys following them. On the road, a car pulls alongside the car and Tupac is shot multiple times before the car flees the scene.
The ending text states that six days later, Tupac was pronounced dead. To this day, his murder remains unsolved. By the age of 25, he released 15 albums, seven posthumous albums, 713 songs, and seven movies.
Cast
Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Tupac Shakur[5][6]
Danai Gurira as Afeni Shakur,[7] Tupac’s mother, a political activist and member of the Black Panther Party.
Lauren Cohan as Leila Steinberg,[8] Tupac’s mentor.
Jamie Hector as Mutulu Shakur,[9] Tupac’s stepfather.
Annie Ilonzeh as Kidada Jones,[10] engaged to Tupac at the time of his death.
Jamal Woolard as The Notorious B.I.G.,[5][6] Tupac’s former friend turned rival.
Kat Graham as Jada Pinkett,[11] a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts.
Dominic L. Santana as Suge Knight,[12] a record producer.
Grace Gibson as Faith Evans,[13] Biggie Smalls’s wife and singer.
Lian Amado as Angie Martinez, radio personality, rapper, and actress.
Stefon Washington as Puff Daddy
Chris Clarke as Shock G[14][15] the lead vocalist for the hip hop group Digital Underground.
Money-B as himself,[16] member of Digital Underground.
Clifton Powell as Floyd,[17] inmate at Clinton Correctional Facility.
Johnell Young as Ray Luv,[17] Tupac’s friend.
Jermel Howard as Mopreme Shakur
Azad Arnaud as Daz Dillinger
Jarrett Ellis as Snoop Dogg[18]
Keith Robinson as Atron Gregory,[19] TNT Records founder.
Rayan Lawrence as Treach[20]
James Hatter III as Yaki Kadafi
Jermaine Carter as Hussein Fatal
E.D.I. Mean as himself
Young Noble as himself
DeRay Davis as Legs
Harold House Moore as Dr. Dre
Hill Harper as Journalist[21]
Cory Hardrict as Nigel aka Haitian Jack[22]
Phil Armijo as Johnny "J"
Production
Development
On February 10, 2011, it was announced that Morgan Creek Productions had developed and would finance and produce the rap legend Tupac Amaru Shakur's biopic titled Tupac, which would follow his life from growing up to his death.[23] Antoine Fuqua was attached as the director of the film, and the script was from Steven Bagatourian, Stephen J. Rivele, and Christopher Wilkinson.[23] James G. Robinson and David C. Robinson would produce the film along with Program Pictures' L.T. Hutton, and Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur as executive producer, with production scheduled to begin that summer. On September 19, 2013, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films came on board to co-finance and co-produce the $45 million budgeted film along with Morgan Creek.[24] Ed Gonzalez and Jeremy Haft were writing the latest draft of the film.[24] On February 12, 2014, John Singleton again signed on to rewrite, direct and produce the film.[25] On April 16, 2014, Open Road Films acquired the United States distribution rights to the film.[26] Gonzalez, Haft, and Singleton wrote the latest draft of the script for the film, about Tupac's life from his growing up in East Harlem to becoming a legendary songwriter and hip-hop artist, to his death in Las Vegas at the age of 25.[26] On April 7, 2015, it was revealed that Singleton exited the film due to some major creative differences, while Carl Franklin was being eyed to hold the direction duties.[27] On October 28, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Emmett/Furla/Oasis had sued Morgan Creek over $10 million for breaking the companies co-production agreement signed in September 2013.[28] In the agreement, terms were not to exceed the production budget above $30 million, mutual approval for the lead actor's selection, filming schedule, and distribution and sales agreements.[28] Randall Emmett and George Furla also claimed that they all first signed a distribution deal with Open Road, which Morgan Creek rejected, and then Morgan Creek inked a new deal with Open Road without mutual approval.[28]
Casting
On November 30, 2015, it was reported that music director Benny Boom would be directing the film now replacing Franklin.[29] Early-December 2015, the film's title was confirmed to be All Eyez On Me[30] On December 24, 2015, newcomer Demetrius Shipp, Jr. was cast in the film to play the role of Tupac. Jamal Woolard also joined the film to play the role of The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac's former friend turned rival, reprising the role Woolard portrayed in the 2009 film Notorious.[5][6] On January 11, 2016, Danai Gurira was added to the film's cast to play Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur, a political activist and member of the Black Panthers.[7] Following Gurira's casting, Variety reported on the next day that Kat Graham had signed on to play Jada Pinkett, a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts.[11] It was revealed later that Dominic L. Santana had been cast as record producer Suge Knight.[12]
On January 13, Jamie Hector signed on to star as Mutulu Shakur, Tupac's stepfather.[9] On January 15, Lauren Cohan joined the film's cast to play the role of Leila Steinberg, a key figure in Tupac's life as his mentor.[8] Money B would appear in the film as himself, Tupac's coworker at Digital Underground,[16] Clifton Powell as Floyd, inmate at Clinton Correctional Facility, and Johnell Young as a Tupac's close friend, Ray Luv.[17] On January 19, TheWrap confirmed that Grace Gibson was cast in the film to play Biggie Smalls' wife, Faith Evans, who was reportedly in an adulterous affair with Shakur.[13] On January 22, 2016, Keith Robinson was cast as Atron Gregory, TNT Records founder who first helped Tupac becoming a dancer and then a solo artist.[19] Annie Ilonzeh was added to the cast in February 2016 to play the role of Kidada Jones, engaged to Tupac at the time of his death.[10]
Filming
Principal photography on the film began in mid-December 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.[5][6][31] Filming wrapped on April 12, 2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada.[32][33]
Marketing
On June 16, 2016, on what would have been Shakur's 45th birthday, a teaser trailer for the film was released.[34] On September 13, 2016, the 20th anniversary of Shakur's death, a second teaser trailer was released.[35] It was announced that the film will be released on June 16, 2017. On February 10, 2017, a third teaser trailer was released, confirming Summit, Morgan Creek, Program Pictures, and Codeblack Films as producers and distributors.[36] On April 6, 2017, a fourth trailer was released.
No official soundtrack album was released to accompany the movie's release.
Reception
Box office
All Eyez on Me grossed $44.8 million in the United States and Canada and $10 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $54.8 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[3]
In North America, All Eyez on Me was released on June 16, 2017, alongside Rough Night, 47 Meters Down and Cars 3, and was originally projected to gross $17–20 million from 2,471 theaters in its opening weekend.[37] It made $12.8 million on Friday (including $3.1 million from Thursday night previews), increasing weekend estimates to $31 million. It ended up debuting to $26.4 million, finishing 3rd at the box office behind Cars 3 ($53.7 million) and Wonder Woman ($41.3 million). Deadline.com attributed the film's success to the release corresponding with Tupac's birthday, as well as audience interest on the subject matter following the success of Straight Outta Compton in 2015.[2]
Despite its surprising opening weekend success, the film experienced a historic drop in its second weekend, dropping 78% to $5.8 million, the 16th largest such decline in history.[38] In its third weekend the film was pulled from 1,213 theaters and dropped another 68.6% to $1.8 million, finishing 11th at the box office.[39]
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 16% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despite Demetrius Shipp Jr.'s fine lead performance, All Eyez on Me is mostly a surface-skimming, by-the-numbers biopic of a larger-than-life icon."[40] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 38 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[41] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[2]
Glenn Kenny of The New York Times gave the film a negative review, saying: "Almost all the dialogue is that flat-footed. It’s a stark contrast to the almost always vivid power of Shakur’s own words, which could be profoundly empathetic and pettily profane."[42] Owen Gleiberman of Variety wrote: "Comprehensive but sketchy, richly atmospheric but often under-dramatized, it is not, in the end, a very good movie (there are a few scenes, like Tupac’s initial meeting with Ted Field of Interscope Records, that are embarrassingly bad). Yet it’s highly worth seeing because in its volatility and hunger, and the desperation of its violence, it captures something about the space in which Tupac Shakur lived: a place that wanted to be all about pride and power, but was really about flying over the abyss."[43]
Historical accuracy
On her Twitter account, Jada Pinkett Smith stated that the film contained many inaccuracies about her relationship with Tupac and why he left for Los Angeles. Smith claimed that Tupac never read the poem he read to her character in the film and that she had no knowledge that it even existed until it was published in his book. She also stated that she never attended one of Tupac's shows at his request and that there was no backstage argument. She did, however, praise the performances of Shipp and Graham.[44] Both Sean Combs and Suge Knight gave blessings to the film, praising their respective portrayals.[45]
See also
Notorious (2009 film)
Straight Outta Compton (2015 film)
References
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me". AMC Theatres. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "‘‘Cars 3’ $53M+ Is Third Best Debut For Pixar Series; ‘Wonder Woman’ Still Wows With $40M+; ‘All Eyez On Me’ Solid". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "All Eyez on Me (2017)". The Numbers. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tupac's Highly-Anticipated Biopic Receives Official Release Date". November 22, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d McNary, Dave (December 24, 2015). "Tupac Biopic Casts Lead Roles for Shakur, Biggie Smalls". Variety. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d A. Lincoln, Ross (December 24, 2015). "Newcomer Demetrius Shipp Jr. Cast As Tupac As Biopic Begins Filming". Deadline. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Jr, Mike Fleming (January 11, 2016). "'Walking Dead's Danai Gurira Set To Play Tupac's Mom Afeni Shakur In 'All Eyez On Me'". Deadline. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Busch, Anita (January 15, 2016). "Lauren Cohan Steps Into Key Role In Tupac Shakur Biopic 'All Eyez On Me'". Deadline. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Hipes, Patrick (January 13, 2016). "Jamie Hector Joins Tupac Biopic 'All Eyez On Me'". Deadline. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b A. Obenson, Tambay (February 19, 2016). "Annie Ilonzeh Cast to Play Kidada Jones in Morgan Creek's Tupac Shakur Biopic". indiewire.com. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b McNary, Dave (January 12, 2016). "Kat Graham Joins Tupac Movie, Portraying Jada Pinkett Smith (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dominic L. Santana is Suge Knight in Tupac Biopic ‘All Eyez On Me’". EURweb. January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Verhoeven, Beatrice (January 19, 2016). "Grace Gibson Is Faith Evans in 2Pac Biopic 'All Eyez on Me'". TheWrap. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez On Me Chris Clarke as Shock G". blackfilm.com.
Jump up ^ "Minister EnQi interviews Chris Clarke as Shock G aka Humpty Hump in All Eyes On Me Tupac Movie". wn.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Guess Which Digital Underground Member Will Be Appearing As Himself In The Upcoming Tupac Biopic?". Bossip. January 18, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hernández, Victoria (January 22, 2016). "Tupac "All Eyez On Me" Biopic Casts Two More Roles". HipHopDX. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Here’s A Rundown Of Everyone Casted In the 2Pac Biopic". revolt.tv. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Lincoln, Ross A. (January 22, 2016). "Trevor Donovan Joins JL Ranch; Keith Robinson Is All Bout 'All Eyez On Me'". Deadline. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Meet the COMPLETE cast of the Tew-Pack "All Eyez on Me" biopic movie". thecoli.com. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1666185/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm Retrieved December 30, 2016
Jump up ^ Beatrice Verhoeven (2016-01-28). "Tupac Biopic 'All Eyez on Me' Casts Villain Haitian Jack". Thewrap.com. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Cina, Mark (February 10, 2011). "Morgan Creek’s ‘Tupac’ Biopic to Begin Shooting This Summer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr, Mike (September 19, 2013). "Tupac Shakur Biopic Gets New Momentum As Emmett/Furla/Oasis To Co-Finance". Deadline. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (February 12, 2014). "John Singleton Back as Director for Tupac Shakur Biopic (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr, Mike (April 16, 2014). "Open Road Acquires U.S. On 'Tupac', John Singleton-Directed Pic On Hip-Hop Icon". Deadline. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Donnelly, Matt (April 7, 2015). "Carl Franklin to Replace Director John Singleton on Tupac Biopic". TheWrap. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Siegemund-Broka, Austin (October 28, 2015). "Tupac Biopic Producer Brings $10M Lawsuit Over Secret Star Casting". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys; Siegel, Tatiana (November 30, 2015). "Tupac Biopic Finds New Director (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Filming Set To Begin On Tupac Shakur Biopic 'All Eyez On Me,' Benny Boom Confirmed To Direct". Bossip. December 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tupac Biopic Begins Filming". Boom 92 Houston. December 18, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'All Eyez on Me' Tupac Shakur Movie Wrapped Filming in Vegas : Buzz". Music Times. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
Jump up ^ *Please enter your name. "Tupac Shakur Movie 'All Eyez on Me' Completes Filming in Las Vegas [VIDEO]". Theboombox.com. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez On Me". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Tupac Biopic: New ‘All Eyez On Me’ Trailer Released On ‘Dear Mama’ Rapper’s 20-Year Death Anniversary". 13 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Hime, Nelly (November 19, 2016). "Tupac All Eyez on Me Pushed Back, Releases Latest Trailer". Nagame Digital. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pixar's 'Cars 3' should unseat 'Wonder Woman' at the box office". Los Angeles Times. June 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why ‘Transformers’ Is Screaming For Reboot After $69M Start; ‘Wonder Woman’ & ‘Cars 3’ Fight Over 2nd Place". Deadline.com. June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Baby Driver' Speeds to $27M+; Ferrell & Poehler's 'House' Burns Down as 'Despicable Me 3' Dominates". Deadline.com. July 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kenny, Glenn (June 15, 2017). "Review: ‘All Eyez on Me’ Is Uninspired. Tupac Shakur Was Anything But.". The New York Times. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (June 15, 2017). "Film Review: ‘All Eyez on Me’". Variety. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jada Pinkett Smith shares her truth about Tupac, disputes 'All Eyez on Me'". Los Angeles Times. June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Diddy and Suge Knight Approve of Tupac Shakur Movie ‘All Eyez on Me’". XXLMag.com. June 8, 2017.
External links
Official website
All Eyez on Me on IMDb
All Eyez on Me at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v
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e
Tupac Shakur
Studio albums
2Pacalypse Now
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Thug Life: Volume 1
Me Against the World
All Eyez on Me
The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory
Posthumous albums
R U Still Down? (Remember Me)
Still I Rise
Until the End of Time
Better Dayz
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Pac's Life
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Greatest Hits
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The Prophet Returns
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Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2
Best of 2Pac
Related albums
Nothing but Trouble (soundtrack)
Sons of the P
Juice (soundtrack)
Poetic Justice (soundtrack)
Above the Rim (soundtrack)
Gridlock'd (soundtrack)
Gang Related (soundtrack)
A 2Pac Tribute: Dare 2 Struggle
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Makaveli & Dillinger Don't Go 2 Sleep
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"Brenda's Got a Baby"
"If My Homie Calls"
"Trapped"
"Holler If Ya Hear Me"
"I Get Around"
"Keep Ya Head Up"
"Papa'z Song"
"Cradle to the Grave"
"Dear Mama"
"So Many Tears"
"Temptations"
"California Love"
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
"How Do U Want It"
"All Bout U"
"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
"Life Goes On"
"Toss It Up"
"To Live & Die in LA"
"Hail Mary"
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
"Made Niggaz"
Posthumous singles
"I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto"
"Do for Love"
"Changes"
"Unconditional Love"
"Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya Head Up II)"
"Who Do U Believe In"
"Until the End of Time"
"Letter 2 My Unborn"
"Thugz Mansion"
"Still Ballin'"
"Runnin' (Dying to Live)"
"One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"
"Thugs Get Lonely Too"
"Ghetto Gospel"
"Untouchable"
"Pac's Life"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Other songs
"I Don't Give a Fuck"
"Runnin' (From tha Police)"
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"Are U Still Down"
"Panther Power"
Featured singles
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"Playa Cardz Right"
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Mussolini
Komani
Young Noble
Related articles
Discography
List of songs
Outlawz
Digital Underground
Afeni Shakur
Assata Shakur
Mopreme Shakur
Mutulu Shakur
East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry
Makaveli Branded Clothing
Niccolò Machiavelli
Orlando Anderson
Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
Billy Garland
Kadafi
List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur
Murder of Tupac Shakur
All Eyez on Me
[show]
v
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e
Films directed by Benny Boom
Next Day Air (2009)
S.W.A.T.: Firefight (2011)
All Eyez on Me (2017)
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Swallow's Nest
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Swallow's nest (disambiguation).
Built in 1912, the Swallow's Nest is one of the Neo-Gothic châteaux fantastiques near Yalta.
The Swallow's Nest (Ukrainian: Ластівчине гніздо, Lastivchyne hnizdo, Russian: Ласточкино гнездo, Lastochkino gnezdo)[nb 1] is a decorative castle located at Gaspra, a small spa town between Yalta and Alupka, in the Crimean Peninsula. It was built between 1911 and 1912, on top of the 40-metre (130 ft) high Aurora Cliff, in a Neo-Gothic design by the Russian architect Leonid Sherwood[nb 2] for the Baltic German businessman Baron von Steingel.
The castle overlooks the Cape of Ai-Todor on the Black Sea coast and is located near the remains of the Roman castrum of Charax.[2] The Swallow's Nest is one of the most popular visitor attractions in Crimea, having become the symbol of Crimea's southern coastline.[3][4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 History
3 In culture
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Description[edit]
The original wooden Swallow's Nest photographed by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky.
Overlooking the Cape of Ai-Todor, the romantic Swallow's Nest castle is situated on top of a 40-metre (130 ft) high Aurora Cliff.
The building is compact in size, measuring only 20 m (66 ft) long by 10 m (33 ft) wide.[6] Its original design envisioned a foyer, guest room, stairway to the tower, and two bedrooms on two different levels within the tower. The interior of the guest room is decorated with wooden panels; the walls of the rest of the rooms are stuccoed and painted.[6] An observation deck rings the building, providing a view of the sea, and Yalta's distant shoreline.
History[edit]
The first building on the Aurora Cliff was constructed for a Russian general circa 1895.[7][nb 3] The first structure he built was a wooden cottage romantically named the "Castle of Love."[8] Later on, the ownership of the cottage passed to A. K. Tobin, a court doctor to the Russian Tsar.
In 1911, Baron von Steingel, a Baltic German noble who had made a fortune extracting oil in Baku, acquired the timber cottage and within a year had it replaced with the current building called Schwalbennest.[7] The Scots Baronial and Moorish Revival styles had been introduced in the Crimea in the 1820s by Edward Blore, the architect of the Vorontsov Palace (1828–46). Compared to the Alupka and Koreiz palaces, the Swallow's Nest is closer in style to various German fairy-tale inspired castle follies, such as Lichtenstein Castle, Neuschwanstein Castle and Stolzenfels Castle, although its precarious seaside setting on the cliffs draws parallels with the Belém Tower in Portugal, or Miramare Castle on the Gulf of Trieste outside Trieste, Italy.
In 1914, von Steingel sold the building to P. G. Shelaputin to be used as a restaurant.[7] For a short time after the 1917 Russian Revolution, the building was used only as a tourist attraction. In 1927, the Swallow's Nest survived a serious earthquake rated at 6 to 7 on the Richter scale.[9] The building was not damaged apart from some small decorative items that were thrown into the sea along with a small portion of the cliff. However, the cliff itself developed a huge crack. In the 1930s, the building was used by a reading club from the nearby "Zhemchuzhina" (Pearl) resort,[9] however it was closed shortly thereafter as a safety precaution due to the damage it had suffered in the quake, remaining closed for the next 40 years.
Renovation and restoration of the building was started only in 1968. The project involved the restoration of a small portion of the castle and the addition of a monolithic console concrete plate to strengthen the cliff.[9] Since 1975, a restaurant has operated within the building.[8] In 2011, the Swallow's Nest was closed for three months due to major restoration work estimated to cost 1,200,000 hryvnias ($150,000 USD).[10]
In culture[edit]
Swallow's nest on the coin of the National Bank of Ukraine, 2008.
Owing to its important status as the symbol of the Crimea's southern coast, the Swallow's Nest was featured in several Soviet films. It was used as the setting of Desyat Negrityat, the 1987 Soviet screen version of Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None.[2] The building was also featured in the 1983 Soviet-Polish children's film Mister Blot's Academy as well as in Mio in the Land of Faraway, a 1987 joint production by Swedish, Norwegian, and Soviet film companies.[11]
See also[edit]
Tsar's Path, scenic pathway located near the Swallow's Nest
Foros Church, similarly located attraction overlooking the Black Sea littoral near Yalta
Belém Tower, similar structure in Lisbon, Portugal
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ The Swallow's Nest is also referred to as Ластівчи́не гніздо́ (Lastivchyne hnizdo) in Ukrainian, Schwalbennest in German, and Къарылгъач ювасы (Qarılğaç yuvası) in Crimean Tatar.
Jump up ^ Leonid Sherwood's father was Vladimir Sherwood, who was responsible for designing the State Historical Museum on Red Square.[1]
Jump up ^ The general's name is still not determined.
Footnotes
Jump up ^ "The State Historical Museum". State Historical Museum. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Zolotoy plyazh and Lastochkino gnezdo". Yalta Putevoditel (in Russian). Retrieved 4 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lastochkino gnezdo". Crimea.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Malikenaite 2003, p. 58.
Jump up ^ Ivchenko & Parkhomenko 2010, p. 293.
^ Jump up to: a b Zharikov 1983–1986, p. 303.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Restaurant, "Lastochkino gnezdo" – History". Restaurant, «Lastochkino gnezdo». Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Swallow's Nest Castle". Castles and cathedrals of Ukraine. castles.com.ua. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lastochkino gnezdo". Travel to Ukraine (in Russian). Retrieved 2006-08-18.
Jump up ^ Beregovaya, Tatyana (30 June 2011). "Lastochkino gnezdo will open in July". Segodnya (in Russian). Retrieved 4 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Money is not collected for viewing" (in Russian). Krutani.ru. 23 June 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
Bibliography
Ivchenko, A.S.; Parkhomenko, O.A. (2010). Ukrayina. Fortetsi, zamky, palatsy (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Kartohrafiya. ISBN 978-966-475-375-0
Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). Touring the Crimea (in Russian). Kiev: Baltija Dryk. ISBN 966-96041-9-2
Zharikov, N. L. (1983–1986). "Lastochkino gnezdo palace, 1912". Monuments of urban development and architecture in the UkSSR (in Russian). 1–4. Kiev: Budivel'nyk. LCCN 84179019
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Swallow's Nest.
Official website (in Russian)
"Welcome". Restaurant "Lastochkino gnezdo" (in Russian). Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
"palace "Swallow's Nest", Gaspra : palaces". Encyclopedia of Sights. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
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Coordinates: 44°25′51″N 34°07′42″E / 44.430727°N 34.12825°E / 44.430727; 34.12825
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