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Need for Speed
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This article is about the video game series. For the film based on the series, see Need for Speed (film). For the 2015 game and reboot of the series, see Need for Speed (2015 video game). For other works using this title, see Need for Speed (disambiguation).
Need for Speed
Series typeface and logo used since the 2015 reboot.
Genres
Racing
Developer(s)
Current
Ghost Games
(2013–present)
Firemonkeys Studios
(2012–present)
Previous[show]
Criterion Games (2010–13)
EA Black Box (2002–11)
EA Bright Light (2009)
EA Canada (1994–2000)
Eden Studios (1998–2000)
Exient Entertainment (2006–10)
Firebrand Games (2008–11)
Piranha Games (2008)
Slightly Mad Studios (2009–11)
Publisher(s)
Electronic Arts
Platforms
List[show]
3DO
Android
Arcade
DOS
Game Boy Advance
iOS
Kindle Fire
Mac OS X
Microsoft Windows
Mobile game
MS-DOS
Nintendo 3DS
Nintendo DS
Nintendo GameCube
OS X
PlayStation
PlayStation 2
PlayStation 3
PlayStation 4
PlayStation Portable
PlayStation Vita
Sega Saturn
Wii
Wii U
Windows Mobile
Windows Phone
Xbox
Xbox 360
Xbox One
Zeebo
Platform of origin
3DO
Year of inception
1994
First release
The Need for Speed
August 31, 1994
Latest release
Need for Speed Payback
November 10, 2017
Need for Speed (NFS) is a racing video game franchise published by Electronic Arts and developed by Ghost Games. The series centers around illicit street racing and in general tasks players to complete various types of races while evading the local law enforcement in police pursuits. The series released its first title, The Need for Speed in 1994. The most recent game, Need for Speed Payback, was released on November 10, 2017.
The series has been overseen and had games developed by multiple notable teams over the years including EA Black Box and Criterion Games, the developers of Burnout.[1] The franchise has been critically well received and is one of the most successful video game franchises of all time, selling over 150 million copies of games.[2] Due to its strong sales, the franchise has expanded into other forms of media including a film adaptation and licensed Hot Wheels toys.[3]
Contents
1 Gameplay
2 Series overview
3 Main installments
3.1 The Need for Speed (1994)
3.2 Need for Speed II (1997)
3.3 Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit (1998)
3.4 Need for Speed: High Stakes/Road Challenge (1999)
3.5 Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed/Porsche 2000 (2000)
3.6 Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 (2002)
3.7 Need for Speed: Underground (2003)
3.8 Need for Speed: Underground 2 (2004)
3.9 Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005)
3.10 Need for Speed: Carbon (2006)
3.11 Need for Speed: ProStreet (2007)
3.12 Need for Speed: Undercover (2008)
3.13 Need for Speed: Shift (2009)
3.14 Need for Speed: Nitro (2009)
3.15 Need for Speed: World (2010)
3.16 Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010)
3.17 Shift 2: Unleashed (2011)
3.18 Need for Speed: The Run (2011)
3.19 Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)
3.20 Need for Speed Rivals (2013)
3.21 Need for Speed (2015)
3.22 Need for Speed: No Limits (2015)
3.23 Need for Speed Payback (2017)
3.24 Need for Speed: Edge (2017)
4 Other games
4.1 Need for Speed: V-Rally (1997)
4.2 Need for Speed: V-Rally 2 (1999)
4.3 Motor City Online (2001)
5 Development history
6 Film adaptation
7 References
8 External links
Gameplay[edit]
Almost all of the games in the NFS series employ the same fundamental rules and similar mechanics: the player controls a race car in a variety of races, the goal being to win the race. In the tournament/career mode, the player must win a series of races in order to unlock vehicles and tracks. Before each race, the player chooses a vehicle and has the option of selecting either an automatic or manual transmission. All games in the series have some form of multiplayer mode allowing players to race one another via a split screen, a LAN or the Internet. Since Need for Speed: High Stakes, the series has also integrated car body customization into gameplay.
Although the games share the same name, their tone and focus can vary significantly. For example, in some games the cars can suffer mechanical and visual damage, while in other games the cars cannot be damaged at all; in some games, the software simulates real-car behavior (physics), while in others there are more forgiving physics.
With the release of Need for Speed: Underground, the series shifted from racing sports cars on scenic point-to-point tracks to an import/tuner subculture involving street racing in an urban setting. To date, this theme has remained prevalent in most of the following games.
Need for Speed: Shift and its sequel took a simulator approach to racing, featuring closed-circuit racing on real tracks like the Nürburgring and the Laguna Seca, and fictional street circuits in cities like London and Chicago. The car lists include a combination of exotics, sports cars, and tuners in addition to special race cars.
Most of the games in the franchise include police pursuits in some form or other. In some of the games featuring police pursuit (e.g. Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit), the player can play as either the felon or the cop.[4] The concepts of drifting and dragging were introduced in Need for Speed: Underground. These new mechanics are included in the tournament/career mode aside from the regular street races. Drift races, in games like Need for Speed: Underground and Need for Speed (2015), the player must defeat other racers by totaling the most points, earned by the length and timing of the drift made by the player's vehicle.[5] In drag races, the player must finish first to win the race, though if the player crashes into an obstacle or wall, the race ends.[5] In the recent game Need for Speed: Payback, the player has to earn a certain amount of points to win; increase their multiplier based on how many points they get, whist passing through a limited amount of checkpoints.[6]
The concept of car tuning evolved with each new game, from focusing mainly on the mechanics of the car to including how the car looks. Each game except Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit has car tuning which can set options for items like ABS, traction control, or downforce, or for upgrading parts like the engine or gearbox. Visual tuning of the player's car becomes important in tournament/career mode after the release of Need for Speed: Underground 2, when the appearance is rated from zero to ten points. When a car attains a high enough visual rating, the vehicle is eligible to be on the cover of a fictional magazine.[7]
Like all racing games, the Need for Speed series features a list of cars, modeled and named after actual cars. Cars in the franchise are divided into four categories: exotic cars, muscle cars, tuners, and special vehicles.[8] Exotic cars feature high performance, expensive cars like the Lamborghini Murciélago, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, Chevrolet Corvette and the Ford GT; muscle cars refer to the Ford Mustang, Dodge Challenger and the Chevrolet Camaro; while tuner cars are cars like the Nissan Skyline and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. The special vehicles are civilian and police cars that are available for use in some games, such as the Ford Crown Victoria in Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit and garbage trucks, fire engines and taxis in Need for Speed: Carbon.[8]
Originally the series took place in international settings, such as race tracks in Australia, Europe, and Africa.[9] Beginning with Underground, the series has taken place in fictional metropolitan cities.[10] The first game featured traffic on "head to head" mode, while later games traffic can be toggled on and off, and starting with Underground, traffic is a fixed obstacle.[10] Most of the recent Need for Speed games are set in fictional locations of our world, in a number of different time periods. These include, but are not limited to, Bayview, Rockport, Palmont City, Seacrest County, Fairhaven City, Redview County, Ventura Bay, and Fortune Valley.
Series overview[edit]
Main article: List of Need for Speed video games
There have been 23 games released in the Need for Speed series.
Main titles in the Need for Speed series
Title
Year
PC
Consoles
Handheld
Developer
Notes
The Need for Speed 1994 DOS 3DO, Saturn, PS1 N/A Electronic Arts Canada 3DO version was the first version to be released
Need for Speed II 1997 Windows PS1 N/A EA (Canada/Seattle) Prototypes and showcars available.
NFS III: Hot Pursuit 1998 Windows PS1 N/A EA (Canada/Seattle)
NFS: High Stakes 1999 Windows PS1 N/A EA (Canada/Seattle) Known as Need for Speed: Road Challenge in Europe and Brazil
NFS: Porsche Unleashed 2000 Windows PS1 GBA Eden Games/EA Canada
Pocketeers Known as Need for Speed: Porsche 2000 in most European countries and Need for Speed: Porsche in Germany and Latin America
NFS: Hot Pursuit 2 2002 Windows GC, PS2, Xbox N/A EA (Black Box/Seattle)
NFS: Underground 2003 Windows GC, PS2, Xbox GBA EA Black Box
NFS: Underground 2 2004 Windows GC, PS2, Xbox GBA, Mobile, DS, PSP EA Black Box PSP version was titled Need for Speed: Underground Rivals.
NFS: Most Wanted 2005 Windows GC, PS2, Xbox, Xbox 360 GBA, Mobile, DS, PSP EA Black Box PSP version was titled Need for Speed: Most Wanted 5-1-0.
NFS: Carbon 2006 Windows, Mac OS X GC, PS2, Xbox, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360 GBA, Mobile, DS, PSP EA (Canada/Black Box) PSP, DS and GBA versions was titled Need for Speed: Carbon Own the City.
NFS: ProStreet 2007 Windows PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360 Mobile, DS, PSP EA Black Box
NFS: Undercover 2008 Windows PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360 Mobile, DS, PSP, Windows Mobile, iOS EA Vancouver
Exient Entertainment
Firebrand Games
Piranha Games
NFS: Shift 2009 Windows PS3, Xbox 360 PSP, Mobile, Windows Mobile, Android, iOS Slightly Mad Studios
EA Bright Light
NFS: Nitro N/A Wii DS Firebrand Games
EA Montreal The DSiWare version was called Need for Speed: Nitro-X.
NFS: World 2010 Windows N/A N/A EA Black Box Free-to-play MMO racing game. Closed in 2015.
NFS: Hot Pursuit Windows PS3, Wii, Xbox 360 Windows Phone, Android, iOS Criterion Games Wii version by Exient Entertainment
Shift 2: Unleashed 2011 Windows PS3, Xbox 360 iOS Slightly Mad Studios Also known as Need for Speed: Shift 2 - Unleashed.
NFS: The Run Windows PS3, Wii, Xbox 360 3DS EA Black Box Wii/3DS versions by Firebrand Games.
NFS: Most Wanted 2012 Windows PS3, Wii U, Xbox 360 PS Vita, Android, iOS Criterion Games Wii U version (released 2013) was titled Need for Speed: Most Wanted U.
NFS Rivals 2013 Windows PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One N/A Ghost Games
Criterion Games Need for Speed Rivals Complete Edition was released October 21, 2014 (including all DLC packs & pre-order bonuses).
NFS: No Limits 2015 N/A N/A Android, iOS Firemonkeys Studios
Need for Speed Windows PS4, Xbox One N/A Ghost Games Series reboot. Requires consistent internet connectivity.
NFS Payback 2017 Windows PS4, Xbox One N/A Ghost Games
NFS: Edge In development Windows Unknown Android, iOS EA Spearhead Free-to-play MMO racing game. Published by Nexon in South Korea and Tencent Interactive Entertainment in China (titled Need for Speed Online).
Main installments[edit]
Timeline of release years
1994 The Need for Speed
1995
1996
1997 Need for Speed II
1998 Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit
1999 Need for Speed: High Stakes
2000 Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed
2001
2002 Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2
2003 Need for Speed: Underground
2004 Need for Speed: Underground 2
2005 Need for Speed: Most Wanted
2006 Need for Speed: Carbon
2007 Need for Speed: ProStreet
2008 Need for Speed: Undercover
2009 Need for Speed: Shift
Need for Speed: Nitro
2010 Need for Speed: World
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit
2011 Shift 2: Unleashed
Need for Speed: The Run
2012 Need for Speed: Most Wanted
2013 Need for Speed Rivals
2014
2015 Need for Speed: No Limits
Need for Speed (2015)
2016
2017 Need for Speed Payback
TBA Need for Speed: Edge
The Need for Speed (1994)[edit]
Main article: The Need for Speed
The original Need for Speed was released for 3DO in 1994 with versions released for the PC (DOS) (1995), PlayStation and Saturn (1996) following shortly afterwards. The Need for Speed and its Special Edition were the only games in the series to support DOS, with subsequent releases for the PC run only within Windows.
The first installment of The Need for Speed was the only serious attempt by the series to provide a realistic simulation of car handling elements through the direct collaboration of Staff members from Road & Track. Electronic Arts left the handling dynamics tuning with the automotive magazine's seasoned drivers to match vehicle behavior including realistic over and understeer that remains impressive decades later, as well as sounds made by the vehicles' gear control levers and other functions. The game contained vehicle data with spoken commentary, several "magazine style" images of each car, and short video-clips highlighting the vehicles set to music.
Most cars and tracks are available at the beginning of the game, and the objective is to unlock the remaining locked content by winning tournaments. This version featured chases by police cars, a popular theme throughout the series.
Another version called The Need for Speed: Special Edition, was released only for the PC in 1996. It featured support for DirectX 2 and TCP/IP networking, two new tracks, but dropped the ever-popular flip and go in favor of the more generic scene reset after an accident, a portents of the arcade style gaming that would dominate the series ever after.
Need for Speed II (1997)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed II
Need for Speed II (NFS II) featured some rare and exotic vehicles, including the Ford Indigo concept vehicle, and featured country-themed tracks from North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The PlayStation port of NFS II was the first PlayStation game to take advantage of the NeGcon controller, and the Dual Analog and DualShock controllers as well. A new racing mode was also introduced, dubbed "Knockout", where the last racers to finish laps will be eliminated. In addition, track design was more open-ended; players could now "drive" off the asphalt, and cut across fields to take advantage of shortcuts. Need for Speed II: Special Edition includes one extra track, extra cars, and support for Glide.
Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit (1998)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit
Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit added Hot Pursuit mode, where the player either attempted to outrun the police or be the cop, arresting speeders.
NFS III took advantage of the multimedia capabilities by featuring audio commentary, picture slideshows, and music videos. This game was the first in the series to allow the downloading of additional cars from the official website. As a result, modding communities sprang up to create vehicles. The PC version was also the first game in the series to support Direct 3D hardware.
Need for Speed: High Stakes/Road Challenge (1999)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: High Stakes
High Stakes (North American and Australian title), also known as Road Challenge (European and Brazilian title), Conduite en état de liberté (French title) and Brennender Asphalt (German title), was released in the summer of 1999.
High Stakes introduced several new types of gameplay: High Stakes, Getaway, Time Trap, and Career. High Stakes was a racing mode; Getaway required the player to outrun numerous pursuing police vehicles; Time Trap was a time lap trial, and Career was a tournament mode which incorporated a monetary reward system. Another innovation was the introduction of damage models, where after a race the player is given the option to purchase repairs. The mode also allows players, for the first time, to upgrade cars.
The PlayStation version of the game, released some months before the PC version featured improved gameplay. The AI in the game was more advanced: the five AIs known as Nemesis, Bullit, Frost, Ranger, and Chump featured different driving characteristics. In the PlayStation version, the McLaren F1 GTR was based on the 1997 Long Tail, while the PC version was based on the original 95/96 version.
Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed/Porsche 2000 (2000)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed
Porsche Unleashed (North America and Latin America title), Porsche 2000 (European and Australian title) or simply Porsche (in Germany) is different from the previous versions, because it featured only Porsches.
The vehicle handling in the PC version was said to be the most realistic in any NFS game, but the PS1 version had very simplified arcade handling that fell woefully short of the hallmark handling offered in the first game. The player had to win races to unlock cars in chronological order from 1950 to 2000. Porsche Unleashed also featured a Factory Driver mode, where the player had to test Porsches to move forward in the game and did not feature a split screen mode.
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 (2002)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 was the debut NFS title from EA Black Box, and the first NFS for the sixth generation consoles. Different versions of the game were produced for each game platform; the Xbox, GameCube and PC versions were developed in EA Seattle, while the PS2 version was developed by Black Box Games in Vancouver.
Hot Pursuit 2 draws primarily from the gameplay and style of NFS III; its emphasis on evading the police and over-the-top tracks. Although the game allowed players to play as the police, the pursuit mode was less realistic than preceding versions of NFS; players merely needed to "tap" a speeder to arrest them, as opposed to using simulated police tactics to immobilize a speeding vehicle.
This was the first version since the start of the series not to feature an "in the driving seat" (cockpit) camera view, transitioning EA from realistic racing to arcade street racing. It was the last game in the series for the PC version to feature the split-screen two player mode introduced in Need for Speed II. For the multiplayer mode of the PC version, GameSpy's internet matchmaking system was used in place of Local Area Network (LAN) play. Hot Pursuit 2 was also the first NFS game to use songs sung by licensed artists under the EA Trax label.
Need for Speed: Underground (2003)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Underground
Need for Speed: Underground was developed by EA Black Box and released on November 17, 2003. This was the first NFS game to require Hardware Transform and Lighting in Graphics Cards. Most of the new elements in Underground became defining marks of later installments in the Need for Speed series.
Underground shifted from semi-professional racing and isolated circuits to the street racing style of other arcade racing series: all circuits became part of a single map, Olympic City, except for drifts. Underground introduced two new play modes (Drag and Drift) and more tuning options than in the earlier High Stakes. Underground was also the first game in the series to feature a story, told via pre-rendered videos.
Underground features tuner cars and has a wide variety of tuning options such as widebody kits, bumpers, spoilers, etc., as well as performance upgrades such as engines and nitrous. City street racing is the primary focus of the game.
There were no police in Underground and Underground 2, which drew criticism as police had been an important part of previous titles.
Need for Speed: Underground 2 (2004)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Underground 2
Need for Speed: Underground 2, was developed by EA Black Box and released on November 15, 2004. A demo of the game was placed as a bonus in copies of the EA/Criterion collaboration Burnout 3: Takedown.
In Underground 2, the story mode continued, but there were new racing modes such as Underground Racing League and Street X, more tuning options, and a new method of selecting races. Also included was an "outrun" mode where a player can challenge random opponents on the road (similar to Tokyo Xtreme Racer). Underground 2 also introduced several SUVs, used to race against other SUVs. The most significant change vs. the original Underground was the introduction of its Open World (free roam) environments,[11] setting the tone for numerous NFS games to come. This was also the publisher's most marketed feature at launch. In addition, the game featured actresses/models Brooke Burke and Kelly Brook as in-game characters to help guide the player through the campaign.[12]
The customization features were significantly expanded on modifications which did not affect vehicle performance. Players were required to customize their car to a certain numerical value in order to be offered DVD and magazine covers, the only way to advance to higher game levels. The game featured more extensive product placement for companies with no connection to auto racing. This game also had extensive customization options in the form of suspension upgrades, nitrous systems, and engine mods.
Need for Speed: Underground Rivals was the first Need for Speed game released on the PlayStation Portable. Different from Need for Speed: Underground 2 as it had no free roam and the cars were very limited, it was released on February 24, 2005, in Japan, March 14, 2005, in North America, and September 1, 2005, in Europe. The title went Platinum in Europe on June 30, 2006.
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game)
Need for Speed: Most Wanted was developed by EA Black Box, released on November 16, 2005, and was one of the first games released for the Xbox 360. It was released on the Nintendo GameCube, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows and Nintendo DS. The PlayStation Portable port of Most Wanted is called Need for Speed: Most Wanted 5-1-0.
Police chases represent a significant body of the gameplay, and include the free-roaming aspect of Underground 2, but with less extensive vehicle customization features. The story mode is a different style from Underground, with CGI effects mixed with live action. The game featured the Blacklist, a crew consisting of 15 racers that the player must beat one-by-one to unlock parts, cars, tracks, and to complete career mode. The player had to meet certain requirements before they could take on the next Blacklist rival, such as races completed, milestones achieved, bounty earned, etc.
A special Black Edition of Most Wanted was also released, featuring additional races, challenges, and a few bonus cars; it also included a behind-the-scenes DVD. Both versions were available for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo DS, and Windows-based PCs, while only the standard edition was available for GameCube and Xbox 360.
Most Wanted had extremely positive reviews and received universal acclaim from reviewers in many gaming websites and magazines, praising the graphics, sound effects and general gameplay. With 16 million copies sold worldwide, it's the best-selling game in the franchise.[13] A game, also named Need for Speed: Most Wanted, was released in 2012 with British developer Criterion Games responsible for the development.
Need for Speed: Carbon (2006)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Carbon
Need for Speed: Carbon was developed by EA Black Box and released on October 31, 2006. It was the first NFS game for the PlayStation 3 and the Wii and the last NFS game for the Nintendo GameCube, the Game Boy Advance, and the Xbox. Carbon's handheld port is known as Need for Speed: Carbon – Own the City. The Wii port lacked online but made full use of the Wii Remote and Nunchuk.
NFS: Carbon continued the story from Most Wanted, however, the game has far less emphasis on the police. Carbon saw the return of nighttime-only racing, with a selection of cars similar to that of Most Wanted. Carbon introduced a new feature wherein the player is allowed to form a "crew" that aids the player in races. Drift events returned to the series in Carbon.
Drag racing was removed from the series, but a new type of race called "Canyon Duel" was added, where the closer the player is to the leader, the more points they accrue. If the player overtakes the leader and remains in front for 10 seconds, they win automatically. Another new feature is "Autosculpt", which allows players to custom-fabricate their own auto parts.
The Collector's Edition Featuring three new cars, ten specially tuned cars, six new races, and a bonus DVD with behind-the-scenes footage on the making of the game.
Need for Speed: ProStreet (2007)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: ProStreet
Need for Speed: ProStreet, developed by EA Black Box, was released in 2007. Key features of the game included realistic damage, a return to realistic racing, modeling, and burnouts.[14][15] The game lacked the free roam mode found in earlier releases, instead, all of the races were on closed race tracks that took place on organized race days. The game consisted of drag races, speed challenges (essentially sprint races and speed traps), grip races (circuit racing), and drift races.[citation needed]
Need for Speed: Undercover (2008)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Undercover
Need for Speed: Undercover, developed by EA Black Box, was released on November 18, 2008. The game had a significantly longer development cycle than previous games, taking 16 months to develop.[16] EA Games president Frank Gibeau stated that since sales of ProStreet didn't live up to EA's projections, the franchise would go back to its "roots". The game received lower scores on aggregate than Pro Street.
The game focused on tuning and police chases, featured over 50 cars, and took place in a fictional city called Tri-City Bay. The player's role was as an undercover cop, trying to stop street racers. Containing live-action cutscenes which feature the actress Maggie Q, the game also featured a damage system where parts could break off after a crash.
The Collector's Edition for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 added another 5 new cars, twelve new circuits, and sprint and checkpoint track configurations. Also included were specially tuned versions of ten existing cars, plus 35 exclusive vinyls for adding a unique visual style.
EA ported Undercover to various mobile devices. It was the last Need for Speed game for PlayStation 2.
Need for Speed: Shift (2009)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Shift
Need for Speed: Shift, developed by Slightly Mad Studios, was released on September 15, 2009. It features over 60 cars and 19 tracks, some of which are licensed tracks while others are fictional. The improved driving simulation was accompanied by an adaptive difficulty, while it reintroduced a cockpit view. NFS: Shift focused on racing simulation rather than the arcade racing of previous titles.
NFS: Shift received better reviews than the prior 3 games in the series. The Special Edition contained a special tuned BMW M3 GT2, and an Elite Series track. Two items of downloadable content were released for the game.
Need for Speed: Nitro (2009)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Nitro
Need for Speed: Nitro is the first NFS game made exclusively for Nintendo DS and Wii, featuring arcade-style gameplay and targeting a casual audience. Nitro was released on November 3, 2009 in North America and in Europe on November 6, 2009. Need for Speed: Nitro was also available as a social multiplayer game on Facebook.[17]
Need for Speed: Nitro-X (2010) was a newer installment for use with the DSi/XL and the 3DS system. Essentially the original release, it was updated with several updates: 18 licensed vehicles; new police units; custom tags; 16 updated tracks; a revised career mode; local multiplayer matches for up to 4 players; and new rewards and unlockables. The game was released as a digital download only, released on November 15, 2010, in North America and November 26, 2010, in Europe.[citation needed]
Need for Speed: World (2010)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: World
Need for Speed: World was a free-to-play MMO racing game for Windows-based PCs.
It took on the gameplay style of Most Wanted and Carbon, focusing on illegal street racing, tuning and police chases, and adding classic MMO elements to the mix. World incorporated almost exact replicas of the cities of Rockport and Palmont, the cities of Most Wanted and Carbon respectively, into its map design. World was originally scheduled for an Asian release in the summer of 2009, however the game was not released at that time and it was released worldwide on July 27, 2010.[18][19] In October 2009, the game was in public beta-testing limited to residents of Taiwan.
The beta was launched on June 2, 2010. The game was released to players who had the starter pack on July 20, 2010, and to others on July 27, 2010. Previously, the players who did not purchase the Starter Pack were not able to progress further from level 10; the level cap for those players has since been removed on September 8, 2010, allowing all players' progression and availability. Players were limited to 60 levels only. It has a garage of 150+ cars.[20]
On April 15, 2015, it was announced that Need for Speed World would be closing its servers on July 14, 2015. They soon after removed the ability to create new accounts for the game and began winding down their support for it. Since the announcement, there have been several "end of the world" promotions and in-game events but many of the players have since moved on.[21]
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010 video game)
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit was developed by British games developer Criterion Games and published by Electronic Arts on November 16, 2010.[22] It focuses on racing and police chases rather than car customization. The game won many awards at the E3 2010, including "Best Racing Game", becoming the first game in the NFS series since the original Hot Pursuit to win an E3 award.
There were over 60 cars, most available to both racers and cops, but a few were exclusive to either side.[23] Unlike previous NFS titles, there was no customization, and the game takes place in a fictional rural area called Seacrest County, which the "free roam" feature lets you explore. Hot Pursuit allows play as either police or racer.
The game also features many weapons, with some exclusive to the cops or racers. The biggest feature introduced was the Need for Speed Autolog, which tracked player progressions and recommended events to play. In addition to its statistical system, Autolog also features Facebook-like speedwalls where players can post their comments and photos while in the game. Hot Pursuit has received some of the best reviews of the series.
The Limited Edition gives players exclusive access to the Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione and Ford Shelby GT500. Various downloadable content was released for the game.
Shift 2: Unleashed (2011)[edit]
Main article: Shift 2: Unleashed
The sequel to Need for Speed: Shift, Shift 2: Unleashed was developed by Slightly Mad Studios, and released on March 29, 2011. Shift 2 includes the Autolog feature introduced in Hot Pursuit.[24] It also includes features such as night racing, an in-helmet camera, and a more in-depth career mode. Shift 2 features more than 140 vehicles available for racing and tuning, a smaller number compared with other racing games such as Forza Motorsport 3 and Gran Turismo 5. There are also 40 real-world locations including Bathurst, Spa-Francorchamps and Suzuka as well as fictional circuits.[citation needed]
The Limited Edition features 3 unlocked cars, and an additional 37 career race events.[25] Two downloadable contents were released for Shift 2.
Need for Speed: The Run (2011)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: The Run
Need for Speed: The Run was developed by EA Black Box, and released on November 15, 2011. The game continued the street-racing gameplay of Black Box's previous titles, with a story based on a race across the United States from San Francisco to New York.
The game featured quick time events with the player, for the first time in NFS history, exiting their car and traveling on foot. The Run was powered by DICE's Frostbite 2 engine, making the game the first non-shooter and one of the first console titles to use the engine. Additionally, the NFS Autolog was also used in the game.
The Run employs a large range of real-world vehicles, which can be altered with visual upgrades. An XP (Experience points) system is used for unlocking cars and events. The Limited Edition features three exclusive cars and five exclusive challenges with bonus rewards and achievements.
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012 video game)
Need for Speed: Most Wanted was developed by British games developer Criterion Games, and released on October 30, 2012. The game picked up on the Most Wanted IP, as opposed to the Hot Pursuit extension.[26] This was the first game made subsequent to Criterion Games taking over the NFS series from Black Box.
It features open world racing, and most of the cars in the game are available from the start, hidden in different locations.[27] It also features a blacklist of 10 instead of 15, and there is no story or visual customization for the game. It is powered by Autolog 2.0. Performance upgrades are available for all the cars in the game, such as chassis, tires, nitrous, and bodywork.[28] Milestones and achievements are unlocked through a variety of ways, e.g. completion of races and breaking through billboards.
Need for Speed Rivals (2013)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed Rivals
Need for Speed: Rivals was developed by Ghost Games (formerly EA Gothenburg) in association with Criterion Games, and was released on November 15, 2013 for the PlayStation 4,[29] on November 19, 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360[29] and on November 22, 2013 for the Xbox One.[29] It runs on DICE's Frostbite 3 Engine. It has the same basic concept as Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit, but with new features like the AllDrive system, and several pursuit techs.
Need for Speed (2015)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed (2015 video game)
On May 21, 2015, EA and Ghost Games revealed Need for Speed, a full reboot of the franchise. The game was released on November 3, 2015 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a release for Microsoft Windows (via Origin) in 2016. More information on the game was revealed during the EA press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2015 on June 15, 2015. A new trailer was released and a short gameplay demo was shown.[30] Beta released on PS4 and Xbox One. PC version was released on March 15, 2016, via Origin in two different editions. The Standard Edition is the base edition, whereas the Deluxe Edition has the styling pack, performance pack, tricked-out starter car, exclusive wraps, unique identifying stickers, VIP icons and a lifetime discount on all items using the in-game currency.[31]
Need for Speed: No Limits (2015)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed: No Limits
Need for Speed: No Limits was released in 2015 for iOS and Android, and a mobile installment in the Need for Speed video game series, developed by Firemonkeys Studios and published by Electronic Arts. It is the franchise's first original title made exclusively for mobile devices, unlike past mobile games in the series that were simply adaptations of various Need for Speed games.
Need for Speed Payback (2017)[edit]
Main article: Need for Speed Payback
EA and Ghost Games announced Need for Speed Payback in June 2017. The game was released on November 10, 2017 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.[32] The game has an offline single-player mode unlike the previous title. The game was revealed at the EA press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017 from June 10–12, 2017.[33]
Need for Speed: Edge (2017)[edit]
Need for Speed: Edge is a free-to-play MMO racing game developed by EA Spearhead (formerly EA Korea) and published by Nexon from South Korea and Tencent Interactive Entertainment (known as Need for Speed Online) from China. It is the third free-to-play game in the franchise overall, along with being the only free-to-play racing game that runs on the Frostbite 3 game engine. It is based on the 2013 title Need for Speed Rivals.[34] The open beta was released on December 10, 2017.
Other games[edit]
There are three games which are associated with, but not part of, the Need for Speed series.
Need for Speed: V-Rally (1997)[edit]
Main article: V-Rally
When V-Rally was released in 1997, it was developed by Eden Studios and had no connection with the Need for Speed games. Electronic Arts acquired the rights to publish the PlayStation version of the game in the United States in order to help sales of the game, due to the fact that rally racing held little support in the U.S.[citation needed] The game was not originally intended to be part of the Need for Speed series; neither the game's development was done by Electronic Arts Canada (which at the time was the primary developer of the Need for Speed series), nor was it developed in as association with Electronic Arts in any way. Later versions of the game were solely published by Infogrames and were released under their original names.
Need for Speed: V-Rally 2 (1999)[edit]
Main article: V-Rally 2
Much like with the original V-Rally, EA purchased the rights to publish the PlayStation version of V-Rally 2. Infogrames published the Dreamcast version of the game in America as Test Drive: V-Rally.
Motor City Online (2001)[edit]
Main article: Motor City Online
Originally conceived as part of the Need for Speed series under the title Need for Speed: Motor City,[35] all single player elements were discarded in favor of an online-only model. The result, Motor City Online was a racing MMO game released by EA on October 29, 2001. The point of the game was to buy classic cars, tune them, and race them against other players. The game went offline less than two years later to enable EA to focus on The Sims Online. Later, EA, would develop a new online racing game, called Need for Speed: World.[36]
Development history[edit]
Aggregate review scores
As of April 20, 2018.
Game
GameRankings
Metacritic
The Need for Speed
(SAT) 95.00%[37]
(DOS) 83.00%[38]
(PS) 68.50%[39]
Need for Speed II
(PS1) 71.39%[40]
(PC) 68.25%[41] (PS1) 71/100[42]
Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit
(PS1) 85.63%[43]
(PC) 84.82%[44] (PS1) 88/100[45]
Need for Speed: High Stakes
(PS1) 84.38%[46]
(PC) 83.08%[47] (PS1) 86/100[48]
Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed
(PC) 84.36%[49]
(PS1) 74.50%[50]
(GBA) 59.25%[51] (PS1) 78/100[52]
(GBA) 62/100[53]
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2
(PS2) 88.01%[54]
(Xbox) 80.04%[55]
(PC) 72.77%[56]
(GC) 72.05%[57] (PS2) 89/100[58]
(Xbox) 75/100[59]
(PC) 73/100[60]
(GC) 68/100[61]
Need for Speed: Underground
(PS2) 84.29%[62]
(GC) 83.73%[63]
(PC) 82.29%[64]
(Xbox) 81.76%[65]
(GBA) 77.33%[66] (PS2) 85/100[67]
(GC) 83/100[68]
(Xbox) 83/100[69]
(PC) 82/100[70]
(GBA) 77/100[71]
Need for Speed: Underground 2
(PC) 83.50%[72]
(Xbox) 82.61%[73]
(PS2) 80.77%[74]
(GC) 79.98%[75]
(GBA) 69.45%[76]
(NDS) 65.44%[77] (PC) 82/100[78]
(PS2) 82/100[79]
(Xbox) 77/100[80]
(GBA) 72/100[81]
(NDS) 65/100.[82]
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005)
(X360) 83.05%[83]
(Xbox) 82.59%[84]
(PS2) 81.56%[85]
(PC) 81.50%[86]
(GC) 79.36%[87]
(GBA) 67.33%[88]
(NDS) 46.89%[89] (X360) 83/100[90]
(Xbox) 83/100[91]
(PS2) 82/100[92]
(PC) 82/100[93]
(GC) 80/100[94]
(NDS) 45/100[95]
Need for Speed: Carbon
(PC) 78.47%[96]
(X360) 77.51%[97]
(PS3) 76.26%[98]
(PS2) 75.04%[99]
(GC) 74.25%[100]
(Xbox) 73.28%[101]
(PSP) 71.00%[102]
(GBA) 69.33%[103]
(NDS) 66.50%[104]
(Wii) 65.39%[105] (PC) 78/100[106]
(X360) 77/100[107]
(PS3) 75/100[108]
(GC) 75/100[109]
(PS2) 74/100[110]
(Xbox) 74/100[111]
(PSP) 73/100[112]
(NDS) 70/100[113]
(Wii) 67/100[114]
Need for Speed: ProStreet
(NDS) 74.83%[115]
(PS3) 72.87%[116]
(X360) 72.17%[117]
(PC) 69.12%[118]
(Wii) 63.94%[119]
(PS2) 60.64%[120]
(PSP) 60.38%[121] (NDS) 74/100[122]
(PS3) 73/100[123]
(X360) 72/100[124]
(PC) 70/100[125]
(PS2) 62/100[126]
(Wii) 61/100[127]
(PSP) 57/100[128]
Need for Speed: Undercover
(X360) 64.58%[129]
(PS3) 62.66%[130]
(PC) 61.70%[131]
(NDS) 58.20%[132]
(PS2) 58.00%[133]
(Wii) 53.92%[134]
(PSP) 50.50%[135] (PC) 65/100[136]
(X360) 64/100[137]
(PS3) 59/100[138]
(NDS) 59/100[139]
(Wii) 54/100[140]
(PSP) 52/100[141]
Need for Speed: Shift
(PS3) 83.59%[142]
(X360) 82.84%[143]
(PC) 82.36%[144]
(PSP) 69.60%[145] (PS3) 84/100[146]
(X360) 83/100[147]
(PC) 83/100[148]
(PSP) 69/100[149]
Need for Speed: Nitro
(Wii) 73.31%[150]
(NDS) 71.71%[151] (NDS) 70/100[152]
(Wii) 69/100[153]
Need for Speed: World
(PC) 63.83%[154] (PC) 62/100[155]
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010)
(PS3) 88.86%[156]
(X360) 87.21%[157]
(PC) 86.19%[158]
(Wii) 45.83%[159] (PS3) 89/100[160]
(X360) 88/100[161]
(PC) 86/100[162]
(Wii) 50/100[163]
Need for Speed: Shift 2 – Unleashed
(PC) 83.08%[164]
(X360) 81.91%[165]
(PS3) 80.40%[166] (PC) 84/100[167]
(X360) 82/100[168]
(PS3) 81/100[169]
Need for Speed: The Run
(Wii) 70.00%[170]
(X360) 69.92%[171]
(3DS) 68.20%[172]
(PS3) 64.04%[173]
(PC) 60.14%[174] (PC) 69/100[175]
(X360) 68/100[176]
(3DS) 65/100[177]
(Wii) 64/100[178]
(PS3) 64/100[179]
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)
(WIIU) 86.46%[180]
(PS3) 85.09%[181]
(Vita) 83.44%[182]
(X360) 83.05%[183]
(PC) 81.50%[184] (WiiU) 86/100[185]
(PS3) 84/100[186]
(X360) 84/100[187]
(Vita) 79/100[188]
(PC) 78/100[189]
Need for Speed Rivals
(PS3) 79.00%[190]
(PS4) 80.59%[191]
(XOne) 79.08%[192]
(PC) 73.67%[193]
(X360) 71.43%[194] (PS3) 80/100[195]
(PS4) 80/100[196]
(XOne) 75/100[197]
(PC) 76/100[198]
(X360) 76/100[199]
Need for Speed: No Limits
(iOS) 72.00%[200] (iOS) 67/100[201]
Need for Speed
(PC) 61.00%[202]
(PS4) 66.44%[203]
(XONE) 66.12%[204] (PC) 68/100[205]
(PS4) 66/100[206]
(XONE) 65/100[207]
Need for Speed Payback
(PC) 93.00%[208]
(PS4) 59.00%[209]
(XONE) 56.81%[210] (PC) 62/100[211]
(PS4) 61/100[212]
(XONE) 61/100[213]
The Need for Speed series was originally developed by Distinctive Software, a video game studio based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Prior to Electronic Arts' purchase of the company in 1991, it had created popular racing games such as Stunts and Test Drive II: The Duel. After the purchase, the company was renamed Electronic Arts (EA) Canada. The company capitalized on its experience in the domain by developing the Need for Speed series in late 1992.[214] EA Canada continued to develop and expand the Need for Speed franchise up to 2002, when another Vancouver-based gaming company, named Black Box Games, was contracted to continue the series with Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2.[215] EA Black Box has been the primary series developer on a yearly cycle from 2002-08. In 2009, EA brought in Slightly Mad Studios, due to sagging sales, and they released Need for Speed: Shift, and EA's own UK-based company Criterion Games came with Hot Pursuit in 2010. In 2011, Slightly Mad Studios released a sequel to Shift, Shift 2: Unleashed and EA Black Box released Need for Speed: The Run.
In 2010, EA introduced a social platform, titled Autolog, for Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit and future games in the series. Autolog provides social features for Need for Speed games via a mobile app and website; it allows players to track game progress, view leaderboards, share screenshots with friends, and more.[216]
At E3 2012, Criterion Games vice president Alex Ward announced that random developers would no longer be developing NFS titles. Ward wouldn't confirm that all Need for Speed games in the future would be developed entirely by Criterion, but he did say the studio would have "strong involvement" in them and would have control over which NFS titles would be released in the future.[1][217]
In August 2013, following the downsizing of Criterion Games, it was announced that Swedish developer Ghost Games would gain control of the Need for Speed racing franchise and oversee future development of the main series.[218][219] At the time, 80% of Ghost Games' work force consisted of former Criterion Games employees.[218][219]
Film adaptation[edit]
One of two surviving Mustangs used in Need for Speed
Main article: Need for Speed (film)
EA worked with DreamWorks Pictures to create a film version of Need for Speed starring Aaron Paul as Tobey Marshall, a mechanic and street racer who was framed by a wealthy business associate.[220][221] The movie was released by Disney's Touchstone Pictures on March 14, 2014, months before the franchise's 20th anniversary. Despite receiving negative reviews, the film ended up grossing over $200 million at the worldwide box office.
In April 2015, it was reported that a sequel would be produced by China Movie Channel, Jiaflix, and 1905.com in association with EA Games.[222][223]
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Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (PC)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (NDS)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (PS2)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (Wii)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (PSP)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (PC)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (X360)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (PS3)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (NDS)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (Wii)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Undercover (PSP)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (PS3)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (X360)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (PC)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (PSP)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (PS3)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (X360)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (PC)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Shift (PSP)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Nitro (Wii)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Nitro (NDS)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Nitro (NDS)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Nitro (Wii)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Need for Speed World for PC. GameRankings. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Need for Speed World Critic Reviews for PC. Metacritic. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (PS3)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (X360)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (PC)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (Wii)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (PS3)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (X360)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (PC)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (Wii)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shift 2: Unleashed (PC)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shift 2: Unleashed (X360)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shift 2: Unleashed (PS3)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shift 2: Unleashed (PC)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shift 2: Unleashed (X360)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shift 2: Unleashed (PS3)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (Wii)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (X360)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (3DS)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (PS3)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (PC)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (PC)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (X360)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (3DS)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (Wii)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: The Run (PS3)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted Wii U". GameRankings. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (PS3)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (Vita)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (X360)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (PC)". GameRankings. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (WIIU)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (PS3)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (X360)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (Vita)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (PC)". Metacritic. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for PlayStation 3". GameRankings. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for PlayStation 4". GameRankings. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for Xbox One". GameRankings. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for PC". GameRankings. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for Xbox 360". GameRankings. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for PlayStation 3 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for PlayStation 4 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for Xbox One Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: Rivals for Xbox 360 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: No Limits for iOS". GameRankings. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed: No Limits for iOS Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed for PC". GameRankings. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed for PlayStation 4". GameRankings. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed for Xbox One". GameRankings. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed for PlayStation 4 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed for Xbox One Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed Payback for PC". GameRankings. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed Payback for PlayStation 4". GameRankings. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed Payback for Xbox One". GameRankings. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed Payback for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed Payback for PlayStation 4 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Need for Speed Payback for Xbox One Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Electronic Arts completes acquisition of Bullfrog Productions Ltd". Business Wire. Findarticles.com. January 24, 1995. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Andrews, Marke (January 3, 2008). "Martin Sikes co-founded Black Box Games". Vancouver Sun. Canada.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ Jackson, Mike (June 22, 2012). "News: Criterion in control of entire Need for Speed franchise". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ghost takes control of the Need For Speed brand". VideoGamer.com. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Scamell, David. "The Ghost Of Criterions past".
Jump up ^ "Need For Speed Trailer". needforspeedtrailer.com. March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Watkins, Heather. "Need for Speed Editorial Montage". West Coast Midnight Run. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Coonan, Clifford (April 8, 2015). "'Need for Speed' Sequel in Development as U.S.-China Co-Production". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (April 8, 2015). "'Need For Speed 2' Is Actually Happening". The Hollywood Reporter.
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text:
Delocalized electron
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Benzene, with the delocalization of the electrons indicated by the circle.
In chemistry, delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or a covalent bond.[1] The term is general and can have slightly different meanings in different fields. In organic chemistry, this refers to resonance in conjugated systems and aromatic compounds. In solid-state physics, this refers to free electrons that facilitate electrical conduction. In quantum chemistry, this refers to molecular orbitals that extend over several adjacent atoms.
Contents
[hide]
1 Resonance
2 Electrical conduction
3 Molecular orbitals
4 See also
5 References
Resonance[edit]
In the simple aromatic ring of benzene the delocalization of six π electrons over the C6 ring is often graphically indicated by a circle. The fact that the six C-C bonds are equidistant is one indication of this delocalization. In valence bond theory, delocalization in benzene is represented by resonance structures.
Electrical conduction[edit]
Main article: Metallic bonding
Delocalized electrons also exist in the structure of solid metals. Metallic structure consists of aligned positive ions (cations) in a "sea" of delocalized electrons. This means that the electrons are free to move throughout the structure, and gives rise to properties such as conductivity.
In diamond all four outer electrons of each carbon atom are 'localized' between the atoms in covalent bonding. The movement of electrons is restricted and diamond does not conduct an electric current. In graphite, each carbon atom uses only 3 of its 4 outer energy level electrons in covalently bonding to three other carbon atoms in a plane. Each carbon atom contributes one electron to a delocalized system of electrons that is also a part of the chemical bonding. The delocalized electrons are free to move throughout the plane. For this reason, graphite conducts electricity along the planes of carbon atoms, but does not conduct in a direction at right angles to the plane.
Molecular orbitals[edit]
Main article: Molecular orbital
Standard ab initio quantum chemistry methods lead to delocalized orbitals that, in general, extend over an entire molecule and have the symmetry of the molecule. Localized orbitals may then be found as linear combinations of the delocalized orbitals, given by an appropriate unitary transformation.
In the methane molecule for example, ab initio calculations show bonding character in four molecular orbitals, sharing the electrons uniformly among all five atoms. There are two orbital levels, a bonding molecular orbital formed from the 2s orbital on carbon and triply degenerate bonding molecular orbitals from each of the 2p orbitals on carbon. The localized sp3 orbitals corresponding to each individual bond in valence bond theory can be obtained from a linear combination of the four molecular orbitals.
See also[edit]
Aromatic ring current
Electride
Solvated electron
References[edit]
Jump up ^ IUPAC Gold Book delocalization
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