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Vic Flick
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Vic Flick
Vic Flick recording in London, 1989
Background information
Birth name
Victor Harold Flick
Born
(1937-05-14) 14 May 1937 (age 80)
Worcester Park, Surrey, England, United Kingdom
Genres
Film score
Occupation(s)
Guitarist, composer, conductor
Years active
1957–2009
Victor Harold "Vic" Flick (born 14 May 1937) is an English guitarist, best known for playing the guitar riff in the "James Bond Theme".[1][2] He also played the distinctive guitar riff in the intro and bridge of the Herman's Hermits recording of "Silhouettes", a 1965 UK Top 5 hit. He also played a slightly modified "James Bond" guitar part in The Beatles' "Help!" (1965) soundtrack score.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Discography
3 References
4 External links
Biography[edit]
In the late 1950s Flick joined the John Barry Seven,[1] and his first composition for the group was the track "Zapata". With them, he played the guitar riff for the theme of the popular TV show Juke Box Jury and appeared on every episode of BBC TV's Drumbeat.[citation needed]
On the Dr. No soundtrack, he was lead guitarist on the track, the "James Bond Theme". Flick continued to contribute to the James Bond soundtracks from the 1960s through the late 1980s.[2]
Apart from his early 1960s work as the lead guitarist in the John Barry Seven, Flick was a session player, featured on many early 1960s UK pop records. Flick was a member of the George Martin Orchestra, and contributed to the soundtrack of the film A Hard Day's Night[1] playing his Olympic white 1961 Fender Stratocaster on "Ringo's Theme (This Boy)" instrumental.
He has worked with many popular recording artists, including Herman's Hermits, Nancy Sinatra, Dusty Springfield, Tom Jones,[1] Cliff Richard,[1] Paul McCartney, Engelbert Humperdinck, Lulu, Shirley Bassey, Burt Bacharach, Petula Clark, Sandie Shaw, Crispian St. Peters, Hank Marvin, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, John Williams, Mark Wirtz, John Schroeder, Don Partridge, Typically Tropical and Don Lusher. One of Flick's legendary guitars, a Clifford Essex Paragon De Luxe, on which he played the original "James Bond Theme", was displayed at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.[3]
He played the 12 string guitar part on Peter and Gordon's 1964 # 1 record "A World Without Love".
In 1965, Sir George Martin recruited Vic Flick and most of the original Goldfinger musicians to provide "James Bond"-sounding music for The Beatles movie Help! soundtrack.
Flick also collaborated with Merchant Ivory Productions as composer/music arranger for Autobiography of a Princess (1975), The Europeans (1979), Quartet (1981), Heat and Dust (1983).
In 1999, he worked with composer Nic Raine, backed by the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, on the James Bond tribute album titled Bond Back in Action.[4]
In 2003, he recorded the album James Bond Now, featuring tracks from James Bond soundtracks and new compositions.[2]
In 2005, he provided his guitar talents to the soundtrack of the From Russia With Love video game by Electronic Arts.[5]
In 2008 his autobiography, Vic Flick Guitarman: From James Bond to The Beatles and Beyond (ISBN 978-1593933081), was published by Bearmanor Media.
On October 5, 2012, Vic Flick was honored at the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences for "The Music of Bond: The First 50 Years." He played the "James Bond Theme" on his 1939 Clifford Essex Paragon De Luxe “James Bond” Guitar to a live audience. He also was interviewed on stage by Jon Burlingame, a writer on the subject of music for film and television.[6]
He was presented with the "Lifetime Achievement Award" in 2013 by The National Guitar Museum for "contribution to the history of the guitar." He was the 4th recipient of the annual award.
Flick appeared on a 2013 episode of the History Channel show Pawn Stars titled "No Shirt, No Shoes, No Service". Here he brought in his 1961 Fender Stratocaster guitar to shop owner Rick Harrison, who, after consulting Jesse Amoroso, settled on a price of $55,000 for the guitar.[7]
Discography[edit]
West of Windward - 1968 - Rediffusion
Bond Back in Action (Featured/1999)
James Bond Now (2003)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Perone, James E. (2008) Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion, Praeger, ISBN 978-0-275-99860-8, p. 31-2
^ Jump up to: a b c Simpson, Paul (2002) The Rough Guide to James Bond, Rough Guides, ISBN 978-1-84353-142-5, p. 225
Jump up ^ "'Songwriters to soundmen. Vic Flick. Part 1.' - Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum". Catalog.rockhall.com. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
Jump up ^ "BOND BACK IN ACTION". Silvascreenusa.com. 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
Jump up ^ "James Bond 007". Mi6-hq.com. 2005-09-10. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
Jump up ^ "The Music of Bond: The First 50 Years | Events Presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences". Oscars.org. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
Jump up ^ Pawn Stars: No Shoes, No Shirt, No Service (archived from the original on 2013-12-15)
External links[edit]
Official website
Vic Flick on IMDb
John Barry Website (review of Vic Flick Guitarman: From James Bond to the Beatles and Beyond)
Guitarist Vic Flick on "Goldfinger" and the James Bond Theme on YouTube
James Bond 007 Theme Tune (original) on YouTube
Vic Flick Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2014)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 217467
MusicBrainz: 9a6bf351-f1df-4891-b0bf-5760096b925b
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vic_Flick&oldid=813753333"
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text:
List of That '70s Show episodes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
That '70s Show is an American comedy television series that originally aired on Fox for 200 episodes and four specials across eight seasons, from August 23, 1998, to May 18, 2006.[1] The series spans the years 1976 through the end of 1979.
Series screenwriters included Philip Stark, Mark Hudis, Jeff and Jackie Filgo, Will Forte, Gregg Mettler, Dean Batali, and series creators Bonnie and Terry Turner. All episodes following the pilot were directed by David Trainer. For Seasons 5–8, episodes were titled after song names from various 1970s rock bands: fifth season episodes are named after songs by Led Zeppelin, sixth season titles are The Who songs, all seventh season titles are from The Rolling Stones and, except for the finale, eighth season titles are Queen songs.
The entire series of 200 episodes has been released on Regions 1, 2 and 4 DVD, and in 2015, the series was released on Blu-ray.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (1998–99)
2.2 Season 2 (1999–2000)
2.3 Season 3 (2000–01)
2.4 Season 4 (2001–02)
2.5 Season 5 (2002–03)
2.6 Season 6 (2003–04)
2.7 Season 7 (2004–05)
2.8 Season 8 (2005–06)
3 Specials
4 References
5 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 25 August 23, 1998 (1998-08-23) July 26, 1999 (1999-07-26)
2 26 September 28, 1999 (1999-09-28) May 22, 2000 (2000-05-22)
3 25 October 3, 2000 (2000-10-03) May 22, 2001 (2001-05-22)
4 27 September 25, 2001 (2001-09-25) May 21, 2002 (2002-05-21)
5 25 September 17, 2002 (2002-09-17) May 14, 2003 (2003-05-14)
6 25 October 29, 2003 (2003-10-29) May 19, 2004 (2004-05-19)
7 25 September 8, 2004 (2004-09-08) May 18, 2005 (2005-05-18)
8 22 November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02) May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (1998–99)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 1)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
1
1 "That '70s Pilot" Terry Hughes Bonnie Turner & Terry Turner & Mark Brazill August 23, 1998 (1998-08-23) 101
2
2 "Eric's Birthday" David Trainer Bonnie Turner & Terry Turner August 30, 1998 (1998-08-30) 102
3
3 "Streaking" David Trainer Eric Gilliland September 6, 1998 (1998-09-06) 103
4
4 "Battle of the Sexists" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia September 20, 1998 (1998-09-20) 104
5
5 "Eric's Burger Job" David Trainer Mark Brazill September 27, 1998 (1998-09-27) 106
6
6 "The Keg" David Trainer Dave Schiff October 25, 1998 (1998-10-25) 107
7
7 "That Disco Episode" David Trainer Bonnie Turner & Terry Turner November 8, 1998 (1998-11-08) 109
8
8 "Drive-In" David Trainer Mark Hudis November 15, 1998 (1998-11-15) 108
9
9 "Thanksgiving" David Trainer Jackie Behan & Jeff Filgo November 22, 1998 (1998-11-22) 110
10
10 "Sunday, Bloody Sunday" David Trainer Linda Wallem November 29, 1998 (1998-11-29) 105
11
11 "Eric's Buddy" David Trainer Philip Stark December 6, 1998 (1998-12-06) 114
12
12 "The Best Christmas Ever"
"That '70s Christmas" David Trainer Terry Turner & Philip Stark December 13, 1998 (1998-12-13) 113
13
13 "Ski Trip" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Behan January 17, 1999 (1999-01-17) 115
14
14 "Stolen Car" David Trainer Mark Hudis January 24, 1999 (1999-01-24) 117
15
15 "That Wrestling Show" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Behan February 7, 1999 (1999-02-07) 119
16
16 "First Date" David Trainer Mark Brazill February 14, 1999 (1999-02-14) 116
17
17 "The Pill" David Trainer Linda Wallem February 21, 1999 (1999-02-21) 118
18
18 "Career Day" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia February 28, 1999 (1999-02-28) 111
19
19 "Prom Night" David Trainer Philip Stark March 7, 1999 (1999-03-07) 121
20
20 "A New Hope" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia March 14, 1999 (1999-03-14) 122
21
21 "Water Tower" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Behan June 14, 1999 (1999-06-14) 123
22
22 "Punk Chick" David Trainer Dave Schiff June 21, 1999 (1999-06-21) 120
23
23 "Grandma's Dead" David Trainer Arthur F. Montmorency July 12, 1999 (1999-07-12) 112
24
24 "Hyde Moves In" David Trainer Mark Hudis July 19, 1999 (1999-07-19) 124
25
25 "The Good Son" David Trainer Arthur F. Montmorency July 26, 1999 (1999-07-26) 125
Season 2 (1999–2000)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 2)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
26
1 "Garage Sale" David Trainer Dave Schiff September 28, 1999 (1999-09-28) 204
27
2 "Red's Last Day" David Trainer Mark Brazill October 5, 1999 (1999-10-05) 201
28
3 "The Velvet Rope" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia October 12, 1999 (1999-10-12) 202
29
4 "Laurie and the Professor" David Trainer Linda Wallem October 19, 1999 (1999-10-19) 203
30
5 "Halloween" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia October 26, 1999 (1999-10-26) 208
31
6 "Vanstock" David Trainer Arthur F. Montmorency November 2, 1999 (1999-11-02) 210
32
7 "I Love Cake" David Trainer Jeff Filgo November 9, 1999 (1999-11-09) 205
33
8 "Sleepover" David Trainer Dean Batali & Rob des Hotel November 16, 1999 (1999-11-16) 207
34
9 "Eric Gets Suspended" David Trainer Philip Stark November 30, 1999 (1999-11-30) 209
35
10 "Red's Birthday" David Trainer Mark Hudis December 7, 1999 (1999-12-07) 206
36
11 "Laurie Moves Out" David Trainer John Schwab December 14, 1999 (1999-12-14) 211
37
12 "Eric's Stash" David Trainer Chris Peterson January 11, 2000 (2000-01-11) 213
38
13 "Hunting" David Trainer Mark Brazill January 18, 2000 (2000-01-18) 212
39
14 "Red's New Job" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo February 1, 2000 (2000-02-01) 215
40
15 "Burning Down the House" David Trainer Dave Schiff February 7, 2000 (2000-02-07) 216
41
16 "The First Time" David Trainer Mark Hudis February 14, 2000 (2000-02-14) 217
42
17 "Afterglow" David Trainer Jeffrey Ventimilia February 21, 2000 (2000-02-21) 218
43
18 "Kitty and Eric's Night Out" David Trainer Linda Wallem February 28, 2000 (2000-02-28) 214
44
19 "Parents Find Out" David Trainer Mark Hudis March 7, 2000 (2000-03-07) 222
45
20 "Kiss of Death" David Trainer Rob des Hotel & Dean Batali March 20, 2000 (2000-03-20) 219
46
21 "Kelso's Serenade" David Trainer Linda Wallem March 27, 2000 (2000-03-27) 220
47
22 "Jackie Moves On" David Trainer Philip Stark April 3, 2000 (2000-04-03) 221
48
23 "Holy Crap!" David Trainer Rob des Hotel & Dean Batali May 1, 2000 (2000-05-01) 223
49
24 "Red Fired Up" David Trainer Dave Schiff May 8, 2000 (2000-05-08) 224
50
25 "Cat Fight Club" David Trainer Philip Stark May 15, 2000 (2000-05-15) 225
51
26 "Moon Over Point Place" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jack Filgo May 22, 2000 (2000-05-22) 226
Season 3 (2000–01)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 3)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
52
1 "Reefer Madness" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia October 3, 2000 (2000-10-03) 301
53
2 "Red Sees Red" David Trainer Linda Wallem October 10, 2000 (2000-10-10) 302
54
3 "Hyde's Father" David Trainer John Schwab October 17, 2000 (2000-10-17) 304
55
4 "Too Old to Trick or Treat, Too Young to Die" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo October 31, 2000 (2000-10-31) 303
56
5 "Roller Disco" David Trainer Mark Hudis November 14, 2000 (2000-11-14) 305
57
6 "Eric's Panties" David Trainer Dean Batali & Rob Deshotel November 21, 2000 (2000-11-21) 307
58
7 "Baby Fever" David Trainer Kristin Newman November 28, 2000 (2000-11-28) 306
59
8 "Jackie Bags Hyde" David Trainer Dave Schiff December 12, 2000 (2000-12-12) 308
60
9 "Hyde's Christmas Rager" David Trainer Mark Hudis December 19, 2000 (2000-12-19) 311
61
10 "Ice Shack" David Trainer Philip Stark January 9, 2001 (2001-01-09) 309
62
11 "Who Wants It More?" David Trainer Joshua Sternin & Jeffrey Ventimilia January 10, 2001 (2001-01-10) 314
63
12 "Fez Gets the Girl" David Trainer Bryan Moore January 16, 2001 (2001-01-16) 310
64
13 "Dine and Dash" David Trainer Jackie Filgo & Jeff Filgo January 30, 2001 (2001-01-30) 312
65
14 "Radio Daze" David Trainer Dave Schiff February 6, 2001 (2001-02-06) 315
66
15 "Donna's Panties" David Trainer Dean Batali & Rob Deshotel February 13, 2001 (2001-02-13) 313
67
16 "Romantic Weekend" David Trainer Jackie Filgo & Jeff Filgo February 20, 2001 (2001-02-20) 316
68
17 "Kitty's Birthday (Is That Today?!)" David Trainer Bryan Moore & Chris Peterson February 27, 2001 (2001-02-27) 317
69
18 "The Trials of Michael Kelso" David Trainer Philip Stark March 13, 2001 (2001-03-13) 318
70
19 "Eric's Naughty No-No" David Trainer Kristin Newman March 27, 2001 (2001-03-27) 319
71
20 "Holy Craps!" David Trainer Mark Hudis April 17, 2001 (2001-04-17) 320
72
21 "Fez Dates Donna" David Trainer Dean Batali & Rob Deshotel May 1, 2001 (2001-05-01) 321
73
22 "Eric's Drunken Tattoo" David Trainer Jeffrey Ventimilia & Joshua Sternin May 1, 2001 (2001-05-01) 322
74
23 "Canadian Road Trip" David Trainer Dave Schiff May 8, 2001 (2001-05-08) 324
75
24 "Backstage Pass" David Trainer Philip Stark May 15, 2001 (2001-05-15) 323
76
25 "The Promise Ring" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo May 22, 2001 (2001-05-22) 325
Season 4 (2001–02)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 4)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
77
1 "It's a Wonderful Life" David Trainer Linda Wallem September 25, 2001 (2001-09-25) 327
78
2 "Eric's Depression" David Trainer Bryan Moore & Chris Peterson September 26, 2001 (2001-09-26) 328
79
3 "Pinciotti vs. Forman" David Trainer Kristin Newman October 2, 2001 (2001-10-02) 326
80
4 "Hyde Gets the Girl" David Trainer Sarah McLaughlin & Alan Dybner October 9, 2001 (2001-10-09) 329
81
5 "Bye-Bye Basement" David Trainer Mark Hudis October 16, 2001 (2001-10-16) 402
82
6 "The Relapse" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo November 6, 2001 (2001-11-06) 401
83
7 "Uncomfortable Ball Stuff" David Trainer Dave Schiff November 13, 2001 (2001-11-13) 403
84
8 "Donna's Story" David Trainer Philip Stark November 20, 2001 (2001-11-20) 405
85
9 "The Forgotten Son" David Trainer Kristin Newman November 21, 2001 (2001-11-21) 404
86
10 "Red and Stacey" David Trainer Gregg Mettler November 27, 2001 (2001-11-27) 406
87
11 "The Third Wheel" David Trainer Bryan Moore & Chris Peterson December 11, 2001 (2001-12-11) 408
88
12 "An Eric Forman Christmas" David Trainer Dean Batali & Rob des Hotel December 18, 2001 (2001-12-18) 409
89
13 "Jackie Says Cheese" David Trainer Mark Hudis January 8, 2002 (2002-01-08) 410
90
14 "Eric's Hot Cousin" David Trainer Will Forte January 22, 2002 (2002-01-22) 407
91
15 "Tornado Prom" David Trainer Dave Schiff February 5, 2002 (2002-02-05) 411
92
16 "Donna Dates a Kelso" David Trainer Dean Batali & Rob des Hotel February 5, 2002 (2002-02-05) 413
93
17 "Kelso's Career" David Trainer Gregg Mettler February 12, 2002 (2002-02-12) 414
94
18 "Leo Loves Kitty" David Trainer Will Forte February 19, 2002 (2002-02-19) 415
95
19 "Jackie's Cheese Squeeze" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore February 26, 2002 (2002-02-26) 416
96
20 "Class Picture" David Trainer Kristin Newman March 19, 2002 (2002-03-19) 412
97
21 "Prank Day" David Trainer Alan Dybner March 26, 2002 (2002-03-26) 417
98
22 "Eric's Corvette Caper" David Trainer Philip Stark April 9, 2002 (2002-04-09) 418
99
23 "Hyde's Birthday" David Trainer Mark Hudis April 23, 2002 (2002-04-23) 419
100
24 "That '70s Musical" David Trainer Rob des Hotel & Dean Batali April 30, 2002 (2002-04-30) 421
101
25 "Eric's False Alarm" David Trainer Dave Schiff May 7, 2002 (2002-05-07) 420
102
26 "Everybody Loves Casey" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 14, 2002 (2002-05-14) 422
103
27 "Love, Wisconsin Style" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo May 21, 2002 (2002-05-21) 423
Season 5 (2002–03)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 5)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
104
1 "Going to California" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo September 17, 2002 (2002-09-17) 501
105
2 "I Can't Quit You, Baby" David Trainer Gregg Mettler September 24, 2002 (2002-09-24) 502
106
3 "What is and What Should Never Be" David Trainer Will Forte October 29, 2002 (2002-10-29) 503
107
4 "Heartbreaker" David Trainer Kristin Newman October 29, 2002 (2002-10-29) 504
108
5 "Ramble On" David Trainer Philip Stark November 12, 2002 (2002-11-12) 505
109
6 "Over the Hills and Far Away" David Trainer Bryan Moore & Chris Peterson November 19, 2002 (2002-11-19) 506
110
7 "Hot Dog" David Trainer Rob des Hotel November 26, 2002 (2002-11-26) 507
111
8 "Thank You" David Trainer Dean Batali December 3, 2002 (2002-12-03) 508
112
9 "Black Dog" David Trainer Mark Hudis December 10, 2002 (2002-12-10) 509
113
10 "The Crunge" David Trainer Dave Schiff December 17, 2002 (2002-12-17) 510
114
11 "The Girl I Love"[a] David Trainer Gregg Mettler January 7, 2003 (2003-01-07) 511
115
12 "Misty Mountain Hop" David Trainer Dave Schiff January 22, 2003 (2003-01-22) 516
116
13 "Your Time Is Gonna Come" David Trainer Jackie Filgo & Jeff Filgo & Will Forte January 29, 2003 (2003-01-29) 514
117
14 "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" David Trainer Kristin Newman February 5, 2003 (2003-02-05) 515
118
15 "When the Levee Breaks" David Trainer Dean Batali February 12, 2003 (2003-02-12) 512
119
16 "Whole Lotta Love" David Trainer Philip Stark February 19, 2003 (2003-02-19) 513
120
17 "The Battle of Evermore" David Trainer Rob des Hotel February 26, 2003 (2003-02-26) 517
121
18 "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do?" David Trainer Mark Hudis March 12, 2003 (2003-03-12) 518
122
19 "Bring It On Home" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore March 26, 2003 (2003-03-26) 519
123
20 "No Quarter" David Trainer Dean Batali April 2, 2003 (2003-04-02) 520
124
21 "Trampled Under Foot" David Trainer Philip Stark April 9, 2003 (2003-04-09) 521
125
22 "You Shook Me" David Trainer Kristin Newman April 16, 2003 (2003-04-16) 522
126
23 "Nobody's Fault But Mine" David Trainer Mark Hudis April 23, 2003 (2003-04-23) 523
127
24 "Immigrant Song" David Trainer Rob des Hotel May 7, 2003 (2003-05-07) 524
128
25 "Celebration Day" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 14, 2003 (2003-05-14) 525
Jump up ^ This episode's name is a shortening of the Led Zeppelin song "The Girl I Love She Got Long Black Wavy Hair".
Season 6 (2003–04)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 6)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
129
1 "The Kids are Alright" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo October 29, 2003 (2003-10-29) 601
130
2 "Join Together" David Trainer Dean Batali November 5, 2003 (2003-11-05) 602
131
3 "The Magic Bus" David Trainer Rob Deshotel November 12, 2003 (2003-11-12) 603
132
4 "The Acid Queen" David Trainer Mark Hudis November 19, 2003 (2003-11-19) 604
133
5 "I'm Free" David Trainer Gregg Mettler November 26, 2003 (2003-11-26) 605
134
6 "We're Not Gonna Take It" David Trainer Dave Schiff December 3, 2003 (2003-12-03) 606
135
7 "Christmas" David Trainer Philip Stark December 17, 2003 (2003-12-17) 607
136
8 "I'm a Boy" David Trainer Kristin Newman January 7, 2004 (2004-01-07) 608
137
9 "Young Man Blues" David Trainer Bryan Moore & Chris Peterson January 14, 2004 (2004-01-14) 609
138
10 "A Legal Matter" David Trainer Alan Dybner February 4, 2004 (2004-02-04) 610
139
11 "I Can See for Miles" David Trainer Sarah McLaughlin February 11, 2004 (2004-02-11) 611
140
12 "Sally Simpson" David Trainer Dean Batali February 18, 2004 (2004-02-18) 612
141
13 "Won't Get Fooled Again" David Trainer Rob Deshotel February 25, 2004 (2004-02-25) 613
142
14 "Baby Don't You Do It" David Trainer Mark Hudis March 3, 2004 (2004-03-03) 614
143
15 "Who are You?" David Trainer Gregg Mettler March 10, 2004 (2004-03-10) 615
144
16 "Man with Money" David Trainer Bryan Moore & Chris Peterson March 17, 2004 (2004-03-17) 616
145
17 "Happy Jack" David Trainer Kristin Newman March 24, 2004 (2004-03-24) 617
146
18 "Do You Think It's Alright?" David Trainer Patrick Kienlen March 31, 2004 (2004-03-31) 618
147
19 "Substitute" David Trainer Jennifer Keene April 21, 2004 (2004-04-21) 619
148
20 "Squeeze Box" David Trainer Philip Stark April 28, 2004 (2004-04-28) 620
149
21 "5:15" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 5, 2004 (2004-05-05) 621
150
22 "Sparks" David Trainer Rob Deshotel May 12, 2004 (2004-05-12) 622
151
23 "My Wife" David Trainer Dean Batali May 16, 2004 (2004-05-16) 623
152
24 "Going Mobile" David Trainer Mark Hudis May 19, 2004 (2004-05-19) 624
153
25 "The Seeker" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo May 19, 2004 (2004-05-19) 625
Season 7 (2004–05)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 7)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
154
1 "Time Is on My Side" David Trainer Jeff Filgo & Jackie Filgo September 8, 2004 (2004-09-08) 701
155
2 "Let's Spend the Night Together" David Trainer Dean Batali September 15, 2004 (2004-09-15) 702
156
3 "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" David Trainer Kristin Newman September 22, 2004 (2004-09-22) 703
157
4 "Beast of Burden" David Trainer Dave Schiff September 29, 2004 (2004-09-29) 704
158
5 "It's Only Rock and Roll" David Trainer Philip Stark October 6, 2004 (2004-10-06) 705
159
6 "Rip This Joint" David Trainer Rob Des Hotel November 3, 2004 (2004-11-03) 706
160
7 "Mother's Little Helper" David Trainer Mark Hudis November 10, 2004 (2004-11-10) 707
161
8 "Angie" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore November 17, 2004 (2004-11-17) 708
162
9 "You Can't Always Get What You Want" David Trainer Gregg Mettler November 24, 2004 (2004-11-24) 709
163
10 "Surprise, Surprise" David Trainer Sarah McLaughlin December 1, 2004 (2004-12-01) 710
164
11 "Winter" David Trainer Dean Batali December 15, 2004 (2004-12-15) 711
165
12 "Don't Lie to Me" David Trainer Kristin Newman January 5, 2005 (2005-01-05) 712
166
13 "Can't You Hear Me Knocking" David Trainer Rob Des Hotel January 12, 2005 (2005-01-12) 713
167
14 "Street Fighting Man" David Trainer Alan Dybner February 9, 2005 (2005-02-09) 714
168
15 "It's All Over Now" David Trainer Mark Hudis February 16, 2005 (2005-02-16) 715
169
16 "On with the Show" David Trainer Dave Schiff February 23, 2005 (2005-02-23) 716
170
17 "Down the Road Apiece" David Trainer Philip Stark March 2, 2005 (2005-03-02) 717
171
18 "Oh, Baby (We Got a Good Thing Goin')" David Trainer Gregg Mettler March 9, 2005 (2005-03-09) 718
172
19 "Who's Been Sleeping Here?" David Trainer David Spancer March 23, 2005 (2005-03-23) 719
173
20 "Gimme Shelter" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore March 30, 2005 (2005-03-30) 720
174
21 "2120 So. Michigan Ave" David Trainer Dean Batali April 27, 2005 (2005-04-27) 721
175
22 "2000 Light Years from Home" David Trainer Kristin Newman May 4, 2005 (2005-05-04) 722
176
23 "Take It or Leave It" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 11, 2005 (2005-05-11) 723
177
24 "Short and Curlies" David Trainer Rob Des Hotel May 18, 2005 (2005-05-18) 724
178
25 "Till the Next Goodbye"[Note 1] David Trainer Mark Hudis May 18, 2005 (2005-05-18) 725
Jump up ^ This is the last episode to feature Topher Grace and Ashton Kutcher as main cast members. Kutcher guest stars in the first four episodes of Season 8, as well as the finale, while Grace appears only in the last episode, but remains uncredited in the finale.

Season 8 (2005–06)[edit]
Main article: That '70s Show (season 8)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
179
1 "Bohemian Rhapsody" David Trainer Gregg Mettler November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02) 801
180
2 "Somebody to Love" David Trainer Rob Deshotel November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02) 802
181
3 "You're My Best Friend" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore November 9, 2005 (2005-11-09) 803
182
4 "Misfire" David Trainer Kristin Newman November 16, 2005 (2005-11-16) 804
183
5 "Stone Cold Crazy" David Trainer Dave Schiff November 30, 2005 (2005-11-30) 805
184
6 "Long Away" David Trainer Philip Stark December 7, 2005 (2005-12-07) 806
185
7 "Fun It" David Trainer David Spancer December 14, 2005 (2005-12-14) 807
186
8 "Good Company" David Trainer Dean Batali January 12, 2006 (2006-01-12) 808
187
9 "Who Needs You" David Trainer Sarah McLaughlin January 19, 2006 (2006-01-19) 809
188
10 "Sweet Lady" David Trainer Alan Dybner January 26, 2006 (2006-01-26) 810
189
11 "Good Old Fashioned Lover Boy" David Trainer Greg Schaffer & Steve Joe February 2, 2006 (2006-02-02) 811
190
12 "Killer Queen" David Trainer Mark Hudis February 9, 2006 (2006-02-09) 812
191
13 "Spread Your Wings" David Trainer Gregg Mettler March 16, 2006 (2006-03-16) 813
192
14 "Son and Daughter" David Trainer Ken Blankstein March 23, 2006 (2006-03-23) 814
193
15 "Keep Yourself Alive" David Trainer Gregg Mettler April 13, 2006 (2006-04-13) 815
194
16 "My Fairy King" David Trainer Philip Stark April 27, 2006 (2006-04-27) 816
195
17 "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" David Trainer Kristin Newman April 27, 2006 (2006-04-27) 817
196
18 "We Will Rock You" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore May 4, 2006 (2006-05-04) 818
197
19 "Sheer Heart Attack" David Trainer Steve Joe & Greg Schaffer May 4, 2006 (2006-05-04) 819
198
20 "Leaving Home Ain't Easy" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore & Kristin Newman May 11, 2006 (2006-05-11) 820
199
21 "Love of My Life" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18) 821
200
22 "That '70s Finale" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18) 822
Specials[edit]
Title
Original air date
"That '70s Special" April 30, 2002 (2002-04-30)
The cast and crew discuss the show and its run.
"That '70s KISS Show" August 30, 2002 (2002-08-30)
The cast tries to sneak past security guards in order to get behind-the-scenes of a KISS concert.
"That '70s Bloopers" May 12, 2004 (2004-05-12)
A blooper reel from episodes of the show.
"That '70s Show: The Final Goodbye" () May 11, 2006
The cast and crew showcase highlights from the show, as they prepare for the series finale.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - that '70s show on fox". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (August 17, 2015). "That '70s Show - Official Studio Press Release, Package for 'The Complete Series' Blu-ray!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
External links[edit]
List of That '70s Shows episodes at TV.com
List of That '70s Show episodes on IMDb
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Abolition of monarchy
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1908 postcard depicting nineteen reigning monarchs; twelve of their thrones were abolished during the twentieth century, although the Spanish monarchy was later restored.
The abolition of monarchy has occurred throughout history, either through revolutions, coups d'état, wars, or legislative reforms (such as abdications). The founding of the Roman Republic is a noteworthy example and became part of the nation's traditions including as justification for the assassination of Julius Caesar. The twentieth century saw a major acceleration of this process, with many monarchies violently overthrown by revolution or war, or else abolished as part of the process of decolonisation. By contrast, the restoration of monarchies is rare in modern times, with only two major examples, Spain and Cambodia.
Contents
[hide]
1 17th-18th centuries
2 19th century
3 20th century
4 Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries
5 Current monarchies that were abolished and then restored
6 See also
7 References
17th-18th centuries[edit]
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An early example of the abolition of a monarchy in modern times occurred in 1649 with the overthrow of the English monarchy by the Parliament of England and its armed forces under leaders such as Oliver Cromwell. 1660 saw a monarchical restoration - though in a more limited form moderated by a more independent Parliament.
Anti-monarchism in the United States developed out of the gradual process of revolution that began as early as 1765, as colonists resisted the Stamp Act through boycott and the expulsion and condemnation of royal officials.[citation needed] While subjects of Great Britain (a union of the Kingdom of England with the Kingdom of Scotland), the colonists of British North America enjoyed a level of autonomy which increasingly clashed with royal and Parliamentary authority which did not consult colonial needs. With the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the most violent wave of anti-monarchical protest began, with the systematic destruction of the relics and symbols of monarchy. Examples can be found in the toppling of the equestrian statue of George III on Bowling Green in New York City (9 July 1776). Monarchic loyalists were particularly affected by partisan attacks or harassment, with tens of thousands leaving for Canada, Britain, and other colonies.[1] Wealth or property which remained was typically confiscated.[by whom?] Thomas Paine, the famous author of the revolutionary pamphlet "Common Sense", urged the colonists to finance the revolutionary war through this means. Even today, very few artifacts depicting the British monarchy from the colonial period can be found in the United States. However, not all anti-British or anti-Loyalist sentiment equated to anti-monarchism. The normalcy of having a King at the head of a polity had strong roots in much political thought (Machiavelli, Hobbes) and in religious doctrine (see for example 1 Samuel 8:6-9.[2] Some Americans saw the presidency in monarchical terms.[3]
However, the most famous abolition of monarchy in history[citation needed] - apart from the Dutch Republic of 1581 to 1795 - involved the French monarchy in 1792, during the French Revolution. The French monarchy was later restored several times with differing levels of authority. Napoleon, initially a hero of the Republican revolution, crowned himself emperor in 1804 only to be replaced by the Bourbon Restoration in 1815 which in turn was replaced by the more liberal July Monarchy in 1830.
The 1848 Revolution was a more clear anti-monarchic uprising that replaced the succession of royal leaders with the short-lived Second French Republic. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte established the Second French Empire (1852 to 1870), retaining republican aspects while placing himself in the center of the state until the losses in the Franco-Prussian War precipitated his fall, resulting in the French Third Republic and the definitive end of monarchism in the governing of France.
19th century[edit]
In 1858 the Mughal Empire came to an end after losing a war against Britain, and its Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, lost his throne. Between 1859 and 1861, four monarchies in Southern Europe ceased to exist: Parma, Modena, Tuscany and the Two Sicilies, when they all became part of the new Kingdom of Italy. The Second Mexican Empire collapsed in 1867, and its Emperor, Maximilian I of Mexico, was executed. The Second French Empire came to an end in 1870 after it had lost the war against Prussia, causing Emperor Napoleon III to lose his throne. He was the last monarch of France.
In Spain monarchy was abolished from 1873 to 1874 by the First Spanish Republic, but then restored until 1931. The monarchy of Tahiti came to an end in 1880 when France made it a colony and overthrew King Pōmare V. That of Burma was abolished in 1885, when the last king, Thibaw Min, lost his throne and the country was annexed by Britain. In Brazil, the monarchy was abolished in 1889, when Emperor Pedro II was overthrown by a republican military coup (the status of the republic was fully confirmed by a plebiscite in 1993 that resulted in 66% of the votes to the republican government). In 1893 foreign business leaders overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They established a republic, which was annexed by the United States in 1898. The monarchy of Madagascar, known as the Merina Kingdom, came to an end in 1897 when France made it a colony and overthrew Queen Ranavalona III.
20th century[edit]
European states in 1914.[4]
Monarchies (22)
Republics (4)
European states in 1930.[5]
Monarchies (20)
Republics (15)
Present-day European states.
Monarchies (12)
Republics (32)
In 1910 the last emperor of Korea, Sunjong, lost his throne when the country was annexed by Japan. However, the Korean royal family was mediatised as a puppet family within the Japanese imperial family. Many of the Korean royals were forcibly re-educated in Japan and forced to marry Japanese royalty and aristocrats to meld the ruling families of the two empires. With the abolition of the Japanese aristocracy and cadet branches of the imperial family, the Korean royals officially lost their remaining status.[citation needed]
The monarchy of Portugal was also overthrown in 1910 (5 October), two years after the assassination of King Carlos I, ending the reign of Manuel II, who died in exile in England (1932), without issue.
The ancient monarchy of China ceased to exist in 1912 after the revolution of Sun Yat-sen overthrew Emperor Puyi. General Yuan Shikai, then provisional president, unsuccessfully tried to make himself a monarch in 1915.
World War I led to perhaps the greatest spate of abolition of monarchies in history. The conditions inside Russia and the poor performance in the war gave rise to a revolution which toppled the entire institution of the monarchy, followed by a second revolution against that government in October of the same year that executed Emperor Nicholas II and implemented a Marxist-Leninist government. The defeated German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires saw the abolition of their monarchies in the close aftermath of the war, ending the reigns of Wilhelm II, Charles I and Mehmed VI respectively. The monarchs of the constituent states within the German Empire, most importantly Ludwig III of Bavaria, Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and Wilhelm II of Württemberg, soon abdicated. During the war, monarchies were planned for the Grand Duchy of Finland (to have a Finnish King), and for Lithuania (Mindaugas II of Lithuania), with a protectorate-like dependency of Germany. Both intended kings renounced their thrones after Germany's defeat in November 1918. King Nicholas I of Montenegro lost his throne when the country became a part of Yugoslavia in 1918.
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After the death of the last Emperor, Bogd Khan, in 1924, Mongolia became a republic. In Spain the monarchy was again abolished in 1931 by the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). In 1947, General Franco declared Spain a realm, and appointed Juan Carlos of Bourbon his successor in 1969. The Prince of Spain became king at Franco's death in 1975, and constitutional monarchy was restored in 1978 under him.
World War II saw another spate of abolitions. In 1939 Italy invaded Albania and removed the reigning self-proclaimed King Zog and instated their own King Victor Emmanuel III as its new monarch. Italy, along with the eastern European monarchies of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania joined with Germany in World War II against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Western allies and the Soviet Union. As the Axis powers came to a defeat in the war, communist partisans in occupied Yugoslavia and occupied Albania seized power and ended the monarchies. Communists in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania removed their monarchies with strong backing by the Soviet Union, which had many troops and supporters placed there during the course of the war. Through this, Peter II of Yugoslavia, Simeon II of Bulgaria and Michael I of Romania all lost their thrones. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy had switched sides during the war in favour of the western allies, but a referendum in 1946 ended the short reign of his son King Umberto II and the Italian monarchy ceased to exist. A unique result of the war was that Emperor Hirohito of Japan, who had held a debated but important role in Japan's warfare against the Allied powers, was reduced in stature from a divine monarch to a figurehead by the occupying United States, instead of losing his throne altogether.
Throughout Greece's eventful modern history, the monarchy was toppled and restored several times between and after the two World Wars. The last king, Constantine II, was forced into exile after a coup in 1967 and the republic was proclaimed in 1973 by the then ruling military dictatorship. Final abolition of the monarchy was confirmed overwhelmingly after constitutional legality was restored, by free referendum in 1974.
The independence of the Indian subcontinent from direct British rule in 1947 posed a unique problem. From 1858, when the British government had assumed direct rule over the subcontinent, it had been governed as a quasi-federation, with most of the subcontinent (known as British India), under the direct rule of the British sovereign. The remainder of the subcontinent, however, was under a form of indirect rule through its division and subdivision into over 500 subnational monarchies, known as princely states; each was ruled by a prince in a subsidiary alliance with the British government. The princely states ranged from powerful and largely independent principalities such as Hyderabad or Mysore, with a high level of autonomy, to tiny fiefdoms a few dozen acres in size. The resulting imperial structure was broadly similar to that of the German Empire before the First World War.
In 1947, it was agreed the Indian subcontinent would be partitioned into the independent British dominions of India and Pakistan, with the princely states acceding to one nation or the other. The accession process proceeded smoothly, with the notable exception of four of the most influential principalities. The Muslim ruler of the Hindu-majority state of Junagadh ruler acceded to Pakistan, but his decision was overruled by the Indian government, while Hyderabad chose to be independent, but was forcibly annexed to India in 1948. The Hindu ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, among the largest and most powerful of the principalities, but with a Muslim-majority population, initially held off on a decision. In the autumn of 1947, an invading force from Pakistan frightened the ruler into acceding to India. The ruler of Kalat, in Baluchistan, declared his independence in 1947, after which the state was forcibly merged with Pakistan, resulting in an insurgency persisting to this day. With the promulgation of the Indian constitution in 1950, India abolished its monarchy under the British crown and became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, followed by Pakistan in 1956; as a result of both developments, the majority of the princes formally lost their sovereign rights. A few remaining principalities in Pakistan retained their autonomy until 1969, when they finally acceded to Pakistan. The Indian government formally derecognised its princely families in 1971, followed by Pakistan in 1972.
Many monarchies were abolished in the middle of the 20th century or later as part of the process of decolonisation. The monarchies of India, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Guyana, and Malawi were abolished shortly after they became independent of the United Kingdom, while remaining within the Commonwealth. That of Ireland was not abolished when Ireland became independent of the United Kingdom in the 1920s, but by the Republic of Ireland Act of 1948, which came into force in 1949. Some Commonwealth realms waited a little longer before abolishing their monarchies: Pakistan became a republic in 1956 and South Africa in 1961. Gambia abolished its monarchy in 1970, while Sierra Leone became a republic in 1971, as did Sri Lanka in 1972, Malta in 1974, Trinidad and Tobago in 1976, and Fiji in 1987. The latest country to become a republic within the Commonwealth was Mauritius in 1992.
That of Egypt was abolished in 1953, after the revolution of 1952, which caused King Farouk I to abdicate in favour of his infant son Fuad II. The monarchy of Tunisia ended in 1957 when Muhammad VIII al-Amin lost his throne and that of Iraq in 1958 when King Faisal II was killed and a republic proclaimed. The monarchy of Yemen was abolished in 1962 when King Muhammad al-Shami was overthrown in a coup, although he continued to resist his opponents until 1970. King Idris of Libya was overthrown by a military coup led by Muammar Gaddafi in 1969. The monarchy of Afghanistan was abolished in 1973 after a coup d'état overthrew King Mohammed Zahir Shah. That of Iran was abolished by the Islamic revolution of 1979 overthrowing Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In Ethiopia, Emperor Haile Selassie I was overthrown in 1974 as a result of a leftist coup. King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum. Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of Indochina after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial South Vietnam came to naught in 1955, a military coup overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a Communist takeover ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975. Cambodia's monarchy later saw an unexpected rebirth under an internationally mediated peace settlement with former king Norodom Sihanouk being restored as a figurehead in 1993.
In a referendum in Brazil in 1993, voters rejected an attempt to restore the country's monarchy. Unsuccessful efforts to restore the monarchies of some of the Balkan states in the former Eastern Bloc continue. Former King Michael of Romania and Prince Alexander of Serbia have been allowed to return, gained some popularity, played largely apolitical public roles, but never came close to being restored to their ancestral thrones. However, in Bulgaria, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who was deposed from the Bulgarian throne in 1946, was elected and recently served as the Prime Minister of his country from 2001 to 2005. The only formerly socialist country to have held a referendum on the monarchy was Albania where the claimant to his father's throne, the self-styled Leka I, lost by a huge margin.
In a 1999 referendum, the voters of Australia rejected a proposal to abolish their monarchy in favour of a specific republican model. The proposal was rejected in all states, with only the Australian Capital Territory voting in favour.
Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries[edit]
Country
Last monarch
Year
Annotations
1900s
Dendi Askia Malla 1901 Ousted by French, the country became a part of French West Africa.
Ashanti Prempeh I 1902 Ousted by British, the country became a part of Gold Coast (British colony).
Oyo Adeyemi I Alowolodu 1905 Last monarch died, the country became a part of British Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
Mwali 1909 The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.
1910s
Portugal Manuel II 1910 Republican Coup d'État.
Korea Sunjong Native monarchy abolished; replaced by rule by Japan, a monarchy, through 1945.
Angoche Ousted by Portuguese, the country was incorporated into Portugal.
Nri Eze Nri Òbalíke 1911 Ousted by British, the country became a part of Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
Kasanje The country was incorporated into Portuguese West Africa.
China Xuantong 1912 Xinhai Revolution – Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans.
Ndzuwani Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.
Kongo Manuel III 1914 Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.
Sultanate of Sulu Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II 1915 Split into American Insular Government over the Philippine islands, British North Borneo and the Dutch East Indies.
Darfur Ali Dinar 1916 Darfur formally re-incorporated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
China Hongxian Monarchy dropped, shortly after the outbreak of the National Protection War.
Russia Nicholas II 1917 Russian Revolution of 1917.
Finland Finnish Declaration of Independence.
Montenegro Nicholas I 1918 Referendum deposed King and united Montenegro with Serbia.
Germany William II All on account of German defeat in World War I and the following German Revolution.
Prussia
Bavaria Ludwig III
Württemberg William II
Saxony Frederick Augustus III
Hesse Ernest Louis
Baden Frederick II
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach William Ernest
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis IV
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Adolphus Frederick VI
Oldenburg Frederick Augustus II
Brunswick Ernst Augustus
Anhalt Joachim Ernst
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Charles Edward
Saxe-Meiningen Bernhard III
Saxe-Altenburg Ernst II
Waldeck-Pyrmont Friedrich
Lippe Leopold IV
Schaumburg-Lippe Adolf II
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Günther Victor
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Reuss Elder Line Heinrich XXIV
Reuss Younger Line Heinrich XXVII
Austria Charles I Charles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, on 10 September 1919.
Finland Frederick Charles I Monarchy never in effect.
Lithuania Mindaugas II
Poland Ruled by Regency Council
Hungary Charles IV Monarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with a Regent.
Serbia Peter I Country transformed to Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadskyi Removed from power, following an uprising led by Symon Petliura and the withdrawal of German forces from Kiev.
1920s
Bukhara (Uzbekistan) Mohammed Alim Khan 1920
Khiva (Uzbekistan) Abdallah Khan
Syria Faisal I Monarchy deposed, following the Siege of Damascus.
Ottoman Empire Mehmed VI 1922 Sultanate abolished in 1922.
Wituland Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad 1923 Sultanate abolished by British, the country was incorporated into Kenya Colony.
Greece George II 1924 Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1973 (see below).
Mongolia Bogd Khan Communist People's Republic proclaimed after Khan's death.
Albania William I 1925 Monarchy restored in 1928 (Albanian Kingdom).
Mohammerah Khaz'al al-Ka'bi 1925 Sheikhdom abolished by Persia
Orungu Rogombé-Nwèntchandi 1927 Position abolished by French.
1930s
Spain Alfonso XIII 1931 Later restored (see below).
Jimma Abba Jofir 1932 Ousted by Ethiopians, Jimma incorporated into Ethiopia.
Albania Zog I 1939 Throne usurped by Victor Emmanuel III, after Italian invasion.
1940s
Albania Victor Emmanuel III 1943 Relinquished throne after Italian armistice.
Croatia Tomislav II Abdicated after withdrawal of Italian support.
Iceland Christian X 1944 Union with Denmark terminated.
Montenegro Ruled by Governor Monarchy abolished after takeover by Yugoslav Partisans
Yugoslavia Peter II 1945 Communist reconstruction.
Manchukuo Kāngdé Merged into the Republic of China after abolition of the Empire.
Vietnam Bảo Đại Monarchy abolished after the Surrender of Japan.
Hungary Miklós Horthy as Regent 1946 Decision of the parliament without a referendum.
Italy Umberto II Referendum; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.
Bulgaria Simeon II Referendum held to decide whether the monarchy would be retained; results falsified by the communist government: 95% in favour of republic.
Sarawak Charles Vyner Brooke White Rajahs hand over power to British crown.
Romania Michael I 1947 Forced out by the communists.
Ireland George VI 1949 Abolished the last "Monarchy of Ireland", the King of the United Kingdom.
1950s
India George VI 1950 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Mysore HH Maharaja Sir Jayachamaraja Wodeyar 1950 The Kingdom of Mysore merged with the Republic of India in 1950
Tibet Tenzin Gyatso 1951 Incorporated into the People's Republic of China.
Egypt Fuad II 1953 Republic proclaimed one year after the 1952 Revolution.
Vietnam Bảo Đại 1954 Vietnam partitioned through the Geneva Accords.
Vietnam Bảo Đại 1955 Referendum in South Vietnam.
Pakistan Elizabeth II 1956 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Tunisia Muhammad VIII al-Amin 1957 coup d'état
Iraq Faisal II 1958
1960s
Ghana Elizabeth II 1960 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
South Africa 1961 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy pursuant to 1960 referendum; official result: 53% in favor of republic.
Rwanda Kigeli V coup d'état, followed by referendum; official result: 80% in favor of abolishing monarchy.
Tanganyika Elizabeth II 1962 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Yemen Muhammad al-Badr coup d'état
Nigeria Elizabeth II 1963 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Uganda
Kenya 1964
Zanzibar Jamshid bin Abdullah Zanzibar Revolution
Burundi Ntare V 1966 coup d'état
Malawi Elizabeth II Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Fadhli Sultanate Nasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli 1967 The countries were incorporated into newly created People's Republic of South Yemen.
Qu'aiti Sultanate Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti
Sultanate of Upper Yafa Muhammad ibn Salih Harharah
Sultanate of Lower Yafa Mahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi
Muflahi Sheikhdom al Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman
Audhali Sultanate Salih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali
Emirate of Beihan Saleh al Hussein Al Habieli
Dathina Sheikhdom
Emirate of Dhala Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri
Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
Sheikhdom of Shaib Yahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi
Alawi Sheikhdom Salih ibn Sayil Al Alawi
Aqrabi Sheikhdom Mahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi
Wahidi Sultanate of Haban Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi
Qutaibi Sheikhdom
Hadrami Sheikhdom
Mausatta Sheikhdom
Busi Sheikhdom
Dhabi Sheikhdom
Haushabi Sultanate Faisal bin Surur Al Haushabi
Kathiri Sultanate Al Husayn ibn Ali
Mahra Sultanate
Sultanate of Lahej Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali
Lower Aulaqi Sultanate Nasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate Awad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi
Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom Amir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi
Maldives Muhammad Fareed Didi 1968 Independence referendum.
Libya Idris I 1969 coup d'état
1970s
Cambodia Norodom Sihanouk 1970 Later restored (see below).
The Gambia Elizabeth II 1971 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Guyana
Sierra Leone
Ceylon 1972 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, state name changed into "Sri Lanka".
Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir Shah 1973 coup d'état, later briefly restored.
Ethiopia Haile Selassie I 1974
Greece Constantine II referendum; official result: 69% against monarchy
Malta Elizabeth II Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Laos Savang Vatthana 1975 Communist takeover
Sikkim Palden Thondup Namgyal Referendum; official result: 97% to become a state of India.
Trinidad and Tobago Elizabeth II 1976 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1979 Iranian Revolution
Central Africa Bokassa I coup d'état
1980s
Southern Rhodesia Elizabeth II 1980 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. An unrecognised government had unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965 and proclaimed a republic in 1969; it was renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979 but returned to United Kingdom control as Southern Rhodesia in December 1979. Southern Rhodesia subsequently gained independence as Zimbabwe.
Rwenzururu Charles Mumbere 1982 Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.
Fiji Elizabeth II 1987 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. Elizabeth II remained recognized as Paramount Chief by the Great Council of Chiefs until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012.
1990s
Kuwait Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah 1990 Later restored (see below)
Mauritius Elizabeth II 1992 Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
2000s
Afghanistan Mohammed Omar 2001 Deposed after the September 11 attacks. The emirate was not recognized by the United Nations.
Nepal King Gyanendra 2008 Monarchy abolished on 28 May 2008, replaced with a secular federal republic.[6]
Current monarchies that were abolished and then restored[edit]
Country
Year abolished
Annotations
Year restored
England, and Ireland 1649 Commonwealth of England established 1660
Spain 1873 First Spanish Republic established 1874
1931 Second Spanish Republic established, then restored in 1947 (de jure), initially under the regency of Francisco Franco 1975
(de facto)
Ankole 1967 Four traditional Ugandan monarchies abolished by government under new constitution of Milton Obote 1993
Buganda
Bunyoro
Toro
Cambodia 1970 Khmer Republic established, in 1975 it was overthrown by the Khmer Rouge and Democratic Kampuchea was established. In 1979, the People's Republic of Kampuchea was established, whose name was changed to the State of Cambodia. 1993
Rwenzururu, a part of Uganda 1982 Abolished by the government. 2009
(de facto)
Kuwait 1990 Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah was ousted from power when the Republic of Kuwait was proclaimed during the Gulf War before its subsequent annexation by Iraq. Monarchy restored after Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait. 1991
See also[edit]
List of Abdications by Date
List of countries by date of transition to republican system of government
List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 17th century
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 17th century
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 18th century
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 19th century
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th and 21st centuries (by individual instead of by institution as above)
List of extinct states
Debate on the monarchy in Canada
Republicanism in the United Kingdom
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines constitutional referendum, 2009
Tuvaluan constitutional referendum, 2008
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Maya Jasanoff (2012). Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World. Random House. p. 357.
Jump up ^ "But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD. And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee [...]. Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them."
Jump up ^ Note for example: Breen, Timothy H. (2017). "4: Voices of the People". George Washington's Journey: The President Forges a New Nation. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 120. ISBN 9781451675436. Retrieved 2017-02-24. If most Americans saw the danger of addressing Washington as their American Caesar - he had absolutely no interest in becoming emperor - they nevertheless found it surprisingly appealing to depict him as a king, as in King George I of the United States. Their extremely unrepublican behavior when they encountered him on the road probably drew on their recent colonial past. While Americans had just ratified a republican form of government, which among other things abolished monarchs and aristocrats, many of them almost reflexively imagined Washington as a kind of elected monarch.
Jump up ^ The Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire are counted amongst Europe, the German Empire is counted as a single monarchy.
Jump up ^ The Republic of Turkey is counted amongst Europe, the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics as a single republic, the Irish Free State as an independent monarchy (see also Irish head of state from 1936 to 1949), Vatican City as an elective monarchy, the Kingdom of Hungary as a nominal monarchy.
Jump up ^ "World | South Asia | Nepal votes to abolish monarchy". BBC News. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
[show]
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