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Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo
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"Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo"
Song by Lata Mangeshkar
Language
Hindi
English title
O' people of my country
Written
Pradeep
Released
27 January 1963 (1963-01-27)
Venue
National Stadium, New Delhi
Genre
Patriotic song
Label
Saregama
Composer(s)
C. Ramchandra
Lyricist(s)
Kavi Pradeep
"Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" (Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगो; "O' people of my country") is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino-Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war.
The song is often rendered at patriotic occasions in India, and is one of the most prominent patriotic songs alongside Jana Gana Mana (the national anthem), Vande Mataram (the national song), and Sare Jahan se Accha.[1]
Contents
1 Writing and composition
2 First performance
3 Reception and legacy
4 Lyrics
5 References
6 External links
Writing and composition[edit]
Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo was written by Kavi Pradeep to commemorate the Indian soldiers who died during the Sino-Indian War. Pradeep was deeply moved by accounts of casualties of the war. In late 1962, while taking a walk along Mahim beach in Mumbai, Pradeep received a sudden bout of inspiration. He borrowed a pen from a fellow walker, and wrote the opening stanza of the song on a foil that he ripped out from his cigarette pack. A few weeks later, Pradeep was approached by producer Mehboob Khan to write a song for a fund-raiser scheduled to be held at the National Stadium in New Delhi. Pradeep accepted the offer, but did not reveal any details about the song he intended to write. He recruited music director C. Ramchandra to write the music, and Lata Mangeshkar to perform the song. According to Pradeep's daughter, Mitul, "Due to some misunderstanding between Ramchandra and Lata-didi, it was to be sung by Asha Bhosale. However, my father felt nobody except Lata-didi could do justice to it. He even personally convinced her and she agreed to sing it. But with a rider - Mr Pradeep must be present at the rehearsals!"[1]
According to Mangeshkar, "I suggested we format the song into a duet with me and my sister Asha (Bhosle). Pradeepji wanted it to be a solo. I insisted that we do it as a duet. In fact, Asha had even rehearsed for the song. Then, days before we were to fly to Delhi, she came to me and said, 'Didi, I'm not coming to Delhi.' I tried to convince her to change her mind arguing that her name had even been printed in the newspapers as one of the singers. But she was adamant. Composer-singer Hemant Kumar had actually orchestrated the whole project. I told Hemantda about Asha’s decision to not accompany us to Delhi to perform the song. Hemantda also tried to convince Asha. Lekin who nahin manee (But she didn't relent). Then it was left to me to rehearse alone for the song."[2]
First performance[edit]
In January 2013, Lata Mangeshkar told a TV channel that initially she had declined to sing the song as she had not enough time to rehearse it. "It was Pradeepji, ( Kavi Pradeep) the poet, who wrote the immortal lyrics, who came to me and asked me to sing the song. I declined, because there was no time to rehearse. You see, at that time I was working round-the-clock. To give special attention to one song seemed impossible. But Pradeepji insisted," Lata said, admitting that she was very nervous before the performance. Kavi Pradeep, the man who penned lyrics of the song, couldn't witness the event. "My regret is that Pradeepji had not been called for the Republic Day function where I sang the song. If he was there, he would have seen with his own eyes what impact 'Ae mere watan ke logo' had," Lata told.[2][3][4]
The song was first performed live on 27 January 1963, by Lata Mangeshkar at an event at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President S. Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war.[5] Mangeshkar sang two songs at the event, opening with the bhajan (devotional song) Allah tero naam followed by Ae mere watan ke logon.[6] The performance of the latter song moved Nehru to tears.[1][7] "Those who don't feel inspired by Aye mere watan ke logo don't deserve to be called a Hindustani", said Nehru, who was visibly moved by the song.[3][6][8]
The event raised ₹2 lakh (equivalent to ₹1.2 crore or US$160,000 in 2017) for the Army Welfare Fund.[9] The song's lyricist, Pradeep, was not invited to the performance. Pradeep performed the song for Nehru on 21 March 1963 at a function at R.M. High School in Mumbai. He also presented Nehru with the original handwritten lyrics of the song.[1][7]
The song received rave appreciation from across the country.[2]

Reception and legacy[edit]
All of the artists and technicians involved with the song — including singers, musicians, music director, lyricist, recording studio, sound recordist — pledged the royalty of the song in perpetuity to the War Widows Fund.[10] Per Pradeep's last wishes, royalties for sale of records of the song were to be donated to war widows. In 2005, the Bombay High Court asked the music company HMV to indicate a lump sum payable to the Army Welfare Fund for the disabled and war widows from the song's royalty proceeds.[6][11]
Brigadier Chitranjan Sawant, who served in the Sino-Indian War,[12] stated that the song inspired soldiers to withstand the difficult situations they were in.[3]
Recalling the song in 2013, Mangeshkar stated that she never expected the song to be so successful saying, "Since it was not part of a film, I thought it would have a limited impact. Ae mere watan ke logon became my signature tune. No show of mine, no concert or event is complete until I sing it."[6] She also stated that Pradeep was always sure of the song's success saying, "Only Pradeepji had faith in the song. He had prophesied to me, 'Lata, tum dekhna yeh gaana bahot chalega. Log hamesha ke liye issey yaad rakhenge (You'll see this song will endure. People will always remember it).[2]
Lyrics[edit]
Hindi transliteration
Ae mere watan ke logon, tum khub lagaa lo naara
Yeh shubh din hai hum sab kaa, lehra lo tiranga pyara
Par mat bhulo seema par, viron ne hai praan gavaye
Kuchh yaad unhe bhi kar lo
Kuchh yaad unhe bhi kar lo
Jo laut ke ghar naa aaye - (2)
Ae mere watan ke logon, zara aankh me bhar lo paani,
Jo shaheed huye hain unki, zara yaad karo qurbaani (x2)
Tum bhool naa jao unko, isliye suno ye kahaani
Jo shaheed huye hain unki, zara yaad karo qurbaani
Jab ghayal huwa himalaya, khatre me padi azaadi
Jab tak thi saans lade woh - (2), phir apni lash bichha di,
Sangeen pe dhar kar maatha, so gaye amar balidaani
Jo shaheed huye hain unki, zara yaad karo qurbaani
Jab desh me thi diwali, who khel rahe the holi
Jab hum baithe the gharo me - (2), who jhel rahe the goli The dhanya jawan who aapane, thee dhanya who unaki jawani
Jo shaheed huye hain unaki, zara yaad karo qurbaani
Koi Sikh koi jaath maratha - 2, koi Gurkha koyi madrasi (x2)
Sarhad par marnewala - 2, har veer tha bharatvasi
Jo khoon gira parvat par, who khoon tha Hindustani
Jo shaheed huye hain unaki, zara yaad karo qurbaani
Thi khun se lat-pat kaya, phir bhi banduk uthaake
Das das ko ek ne maara, phir gir gaye hosh gawake
Jab anth samay aaya toh - 2, keh gaye ke ab marte hain
Khush rehna desh ke pyaro - 2, ab hum toh safar karte hain (x2)
Kya log the who diwaane, kya log the who abhimani
Jo shaheed huye hain unaki, zara yaad karo qurbaani
Tum bhul naa jaao unko, iss liye kahi yeh kahani
Jo shaheed huye hain unaki, zara yaad karo qurbaani
Jay hind, jay hind ki sena - (2)
Jay hind, jay hind, jay hind
English translation
O people of my country! Let us shout slogans!
This auspicious day belongs to all of us, so hoist our beloved Tiranga!
But let us not forget, that at the border, brave warriors, have lost their lives.
Give a thought to them
Let us also remember
Those who did not return home. (x2)
[O' people of my country! Fill your eyes with tears!
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!] (x2)
And lest you forget them, listen to this story:
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!
When the Himalayas were injured and our freedom was threatened,
They fought until their last breath (x2), and then they laid down their bodies.
With their faces on their bayonets, the immortal martyrs went to sleep.
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!
When our country was celebrating Diwali, they were playing Holi(with their blood).
While we sat safely in our homes, they were braving bullets.
Blessed were those young men, blessed was their youth!
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!
Some were Sikh, some Jaat, and Maratha, (x2), some were Gurkhas, some Madrasi (x2)!
All those who died at the front (x2), each one of them was Indian! (x2)
The blood shed on the mountains, that blood was Indian.
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!
Their bodies were drenched in blood, yet, they picked up their guns.
And each killed ten, then they fell unconscious.
And in their final moments (x2), they said: "We are dying now.
[Be happy, beloved countrymen!
We're going on our journey!"] (x2)
How wonderful were those warriors! How great were those people!
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!
And so I told you this story, for you must not forget them.
Remember the sacrifice, of those who became martyrs!
Jai Hind! Glory to the Indian Army! (x2)
Jai Hind! (x3)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Patriotic song 'Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon' turns 50". NDTV.com. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "'Didn't know Ae mere watan ke logon would become a rage'". Rediff. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Aye mere watan ke logo: India's most favourite patriotic song turns 51". One India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lata Mangeshkar: I had declined 'Ae mere watan ke logon'". News18. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Unforgettable songs of national fervour". Hindustan Times. 14 August 2008. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "E R Ramachandran's Blog : Khans' 'intolerance' & Bollywood's contribution over the years to India's unity". News18. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Patriotic song Aye mere watan ke logon turns 50". Hindustan Times. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Aijazuddin, F.S. "Pigeons need not fly across the Indo-Pak border !". The Tribune. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Special Programme - Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon". Youtube.com. Rajya Sabha TV. 27 January 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ ‘Aye mere watan...’ legal battle ends[permanent dead link] Screen, September 16, 2005.[dead link]
Jump up ^ "Aye Mere Watan ... no longer sweet for HMV!". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Meet the man who added life to I-Day parades with his golden voice for over 30 yrs". dna. 15 August 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
External links[edit]
Rajya Sabha TV program on the 50th anniversary of the song
Desh Bhakti songs for your best patriotic playlist 2018
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Lata Mangeshkar
Singles
"Aa Jaane Jaan" (1969)
"Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" (1963)
"Buddha Mil Gaya" (1964)
"Chadti Jawani Meri Chaal Mastani" (1971)
"Didi Tera Devar Deewana" (1994)
"Dil To Hai Dil" (1978)
"Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein" (1976)
"Kesariya Balam"
"Kuchh Na Kaho"
"Main Naahin Maakhan Khaayo"
"Mile Sur Mera Tumhara"
"Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya" (1960)
"Saagara Pran Talamalala"
People
Deenanath Mangeshkar (father)
Hridaynath Mangeshkar (brother)
Meena Khadikar (sister)
Asha Bhosle (sister)
Usha Mangeshkar (sister)
Other
List of songs by Lata Mangeshkar
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Dutch East India Company in Indonesia
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See also: Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, "United East India Company"; VOC) had a presence in the Indonesian archipelago from 1603, when the first trading post was established, to 1800, when the bankrupt company was dissolved, and its possessions nationalised as the Dutch East Indies.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Early settlements
3 Expansion
4 Impacts
5 Notes
6 References
Background[edit]
A 1596 Dutch expedition lost half its crew, killed a Javanese prince and lost a ship but returned to the Dutch Republic with a load of spices, the profit from which encouraged other expeditions.
Recognising the potential of the East Indies spice trade, and to prevent competition eating into Dutch profits, the Dutch Government amalgamated the competing merchant companies into the United East India Company (VOC). In 1602, the States General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly in the spice trade in Asia. It was awarded quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts,[1] negotiate treaties, coin money, and establish colonies.[2]
Early settlements[edit]
In 1603, the first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia was established in Banten (town), northwest Java[3] and in 1611, another was established at Jayakarta (later renamed 'Batavia' and then 'Jakarta').
VOC headquarters were in Ambon Island from 1610 to 1619, and although it was located centrally in the spice production areas, it was far from the Asian trade routes and other VOC activity ranging from Africa to Japan.[4] A location in the west of the archipelago was thus sought; while the Straits of Malacca were strategic, the Portuguese conquest had made them dangerous, and the first permanent VOC settlement in Banten was difficult due to control by a powerful local ruler and competition from Chinese and English traders.[4]
In 1604, a second British East India Company voyage to Maluku, and subsequent establishments of trading posts between 1611 and 1617 across the archipelago began Anglo-Dutch competition for access to spices as the Dutch monopolistic ambitions were threatened.[3] Diplomatic agreements and co-operation between the Dutch and the English over the spice trade ended with the Amboyna massacre where ten Englishmen were tortured and killed for conspiracy against the Dutch government, following which the English withdrew from their Indonesian activities (except in Banten).[3]
In 1619, Jan Pieterszoon Coen was appointed Governor-General of the VOC. On 30 May 1619, Coen, backed by a force of nineteen ships, stormed Jayakarta, driving out the Banten forces, and from the ashes, established Batavia as the VOC headquarters.
Expansion[edit]
Coen's plans had included making Batavia the centre of intra-Asian trade spanning from Japan to China, Burma, Indonesian archipelago, and Ceylon as far as Persia, by employing Ambonese mercenary and Chinese labour to develop the spice trade. Although this plan was never realised, Coen managed to establish a Dutch monopoly of the spice trade through an alliance with Ternate Sultanate in 1607 to control the production of cloves, and the occupation of the Banda Islands gave control of the nutmeg trade. The Dutch captured Melaka from the Portuguese in 1641 giving them control of the region's seas.
By the mid-17th century, Batavia had become an important trade centre. It had repelled attacks from the Javanese Mataram kingdom. The Dutch defeated the Sulawesi city of Makassar in 1667 thus bringing its trade under VOC control. Sumatran ports were also brought under VOC control and the last of the Portuguese were expelled in 1660. In return for monopoly control over the pepper trade and the expulsion of the British, the Dutch helped the son of the ruler of Banten overthrow his father in 1680.
VOC policy at this time was to concentrate on its trading posts and to not become involved in costly territorial conquest. However, the company became deeply involved in the internal politics of Java in this period, and fought in a number of wars involving the leaders of Mataram and Banten (Bantam). The VOC reached an accord with the susuhunan (king) of Mataram, Java's dominant kingdom, that only allowed Dutch ships to trade within the archipelago.
Although they failed to gain complete control of the Indonesian spice trade, they had much more success than the previous Portuguese efforts. They exploited the factionalisation of the small kingdoms in Java that had replaced Majapahit, establishing a permanent foothold in Java, from which grew a land-based colonial empire which became one of the world's richest colonial possessions.[5]
Impacts[edit]
The most profound VOC's impact on Indonesian native polities was their technology, especially in weaponry and shipping. With this technology they were able to assert relative superiority upon native kingdoms, especially in the Mollucas and Java. Although firearms and cannons are already brought by previous European coloniser, the Portuguese, it was the Dutch VOC that used them quite extensively in their conquest on the Indonesian archipelago, as well as wrestled some of Portuguese ports and colonies in Asia, such as Malacca, Ceylon and Ambon. VOC involved deeper into the Mataram court's intrigue and exploited the Javanese royalties tendencies to disintegrate, allowing them to gain a firm foothold in Java.
Another VOC tremendous impact was the change of trade systems in Indonesian archipelago. By enforcing the monopoly policy on spice trade, VOC had to eradicate the previous trading system where large numbers of ports, kingdoms and traders participates. This has led to the opposition of Asian trading polities, which has made VOC involved in a series of battle and conquest.
VOC personnel lived separate to indigenous Indonesians, and Dutch people ranked low in indigenous status systems. As such, while the VOC introduced objects, techniques, corporate organisation into Indonesian society, its impact on Indonesian thinkers was minimal. Rather, at a time when Europe was denouncing autocratic rule, hierarchy and hereditary rights, the VOC borrowed these values from Indonesian societies. Governors-general acted like royalty and did not leave the enclaves they had established, and like Indonesian royalty, they employed the local nobility and Chinese agents to organise labour.[6]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Slave Ship Mutiny: Program Transcript". Secrets of the Dead. PBS. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Ames, Glenn J. (2008). The Globe Encompassed: The Age of European Discovery, 1500-1700. pp. 102–103.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ricklefs, p. 29
^ Jump up to: a b Ricklefs, p. 28.
Jump up ^ Ricklefs (1991), pages 22 to 26
Jump up ^ * Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 210–211. ISBN 0-300-10518-5.
References[edit]
Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan, p. 28.
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Sophie Turner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other people named Sophie Turner, see Sophie Turner (disambiguation).
Sophie Turner
Turner at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International
Born
(1996-02-21) 21 February 1996 (age 22)
Northampton, England
Nationality
British
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2011–present
Home town
Chesterton, Warwickshire
Partner(s)
Joe Jonas (engaged)
Sophie Turner (born 21 February 1996)[1] is an English actress. Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011–present), which brought her international recognition.
Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale (2013) and she made her feature film debut in Another Me (2013). She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal (2015) and portrays a young Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Music videos
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Turner was born in Northampton, England on 21 February 1996, the daughter of Sally, a nursery school teacher, and Andrew, who works for a pallet distribution company.[2] She moved to Chesterton, Warwickshire when she was two years old. She attended the independent Warwick Prep School until she was eleven, and later attended the independent and fee-paying The King's High School for Girls.[1] Turner has been a member of the theatre company Playbox Theatre Company since she was three years old.[3] She has two older brothers.[4] Her twin died before birth.[5]
In an interview with The Telegraph, she stated that she grew up in a large Edwardian house, near Leamington Spa: "My childhood was pretty fun. We had pigsties, barns and a paddock, and used to muck around in the mud." Turner adopted Zunni, the Northern Inuit dog that played her on-screen pet dire wolf, after the first series of Game of Thrones. Turner had a tutor on the set of Game of Thrones until the age of 16. She achieved five GCSE A-grades and four Bs. “I got a B in drama,” she says, sighing.[4]
Career[edit]
Since 2011, Turner has portrayed Sansa Stark, a young noblewoman, in the HBO fantasy drama series Game of Thrones from age 15. Sansa is her first television role.[1] Turner's drama teacher encouraged her to audition for the part,[6] and she dyed her blonde hair auburn for the role, though in Season 7 she began wearing wigs. In 2012, she was nominated for the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series – Supporting Young Actress for her performance as Sansa, alongside her on-screen sister, Maisie Williams. To date, Turner has appeared in all seven broadcast seasons. [7]
Turner at the Game of Thrones Season 3 Seattle Premiere in 2013.
In 2013, she had her first big screen role as the lead character in the independent thriller film Another Me, based on the novel of the same name by Catherine MacPhail. She also starred as Adeline March in the 2013 television film The Thirteenth Tale. In 2013, she was cast in the comedy film Barely Lethal, alongside Hailee Steinfeld, which was released on 29 May 2015 in a limited release and through video on demand.[8][9] Turner also narrated the audiobook version of the Lev Grossman short story The Girl in the Mirror, which was included in the short fiction anthology Dangerous Women, and was edited by George R. R. Martin. Turner played mutant Jean Grey in X-Men: Apocalypse, which was released in May 2016 to mixed critical success.[10] That same month, it was reported that she would appear in a segment of the anthology film Berlin, I Love You, itself the fourth instalment of the Cities of Love franchise.[11]
In February 2017, she announced that she would reprise her role as Jean Grey in the new film X-Men: Dark Phoenix, which will take place in the early '90s and follow the events of X-Men: Apocalypse, as a part of the X-Men franchise. In the same interview she stated that production on the film will begin soon.[12] In March 2017, she announced that she had become patron of Women for Women, an organisation which supports female war survivors.[13] In August 2017, in an interview with Porter, Turner said that she believed her social media following was responsible for her successful casting in an unnamed project rather than her abilities as an actress. She said in the interview "it was between me and another girl who is a far better actress than I am, far better, but I had the followers, so I got the job."[14]
Personal life[edit]
Turner was first spotted with Joe Jonas in late November 2016. In October 2017, Turner announced her engagement to Jonas on Instagram.[15]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref(s)
2013 Another Me Delussey !Fay / Lila Delussey Spanish title: Mi otro yo [16]
2015 Barely Lethal Heather / Agent 84 Direct-to-VOD [17]
2016 X-Men: Apocalypse Grey !Jean Grey / Phoenix [18]
2018 Josie Josie Direct-to-VOD [19]
2018 Alone Penelope
2018 Time Freak Debbie Post-production
2019 X-Men: Dark Phoenix Jean Grey / Dark Phoenix Post-production [20][21]
Denotes films that have not yet been released
Television[edit]
Title
Year
Role
Notes
Ref(s)
2011–present Game of Thrones Stark !Sansa Stark Main role [22]
2013 The Thirteenth Tale March !Young Adeline March Television film [23]
Music videos[edit]
Song
Year
Artist
Notes
Ref(s)
"Oblivion" 2014 Bastille
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Work
Award
Category
Result
Ref(s)
2011 Game of Thrones Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Nominated [24]
Scream Awards Scream Award for Best Ensemble Nominated [25]
2012 Game of Thrones Young Artist Awards Best Performance in a TV Series – Supporting Young Actress Nominated [26]
2013 Game of Thrones Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Nominated [27]
2014 Game of Thrones Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Nominated [28]
2015 Game of Thrones Empire Hero Award Empire Hero Award Won [29]
EWwy Award Best Supporting Actress, Drama Nominated [30]
Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Nominated [31]
2016 Herself Huading Awards Best Global Actress Won [32]
Game of Thrones Glamour Awards Best UK TV Actress Won [33]
Herself Venice International Film Festival International Movie Award Won
Game of Thrones EWwy Award Best Supporting Actress, Drama Won [34]
Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Nominated [35]
2017 X-Men: Apocalypse Kids Choice Awards Favorite Squad Nominated [36]
Game of Thrones Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Interview with Sophie Turner". Winter-is-coming.net. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Alex Preston (25 April 2016). "The Beguiling Sophie Turner". Town & Country. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Catherine Vonledebur (16 August 2013). "Leamington Game of Thrones actress Sophie Turner enjoying her rise to fame". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Catherine Vonledebur (13 April 2015). "Game of Thrones's Sophie Turner: 'I've grown up with Sansa Stark – I really feel what she feels'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Thirteenth Tale: A haunting psychological mystery on BBC Two – Interview with Sophie Turner". BBC. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (19 March 2013). "'Game of Thrones': Sophie Turner on fans bashing Sansa". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh (9 June 2011). "Game of Thrones' Sophie Turner: Sansa Has Been Manipulated by Joffrey". TV Guide. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "'Game Of Thrones' Star Sophie Turner Joins 'Barely Lethal'". Deadline. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Barely Lethal: Score By Acclaimed Composer Mateo Messina Coming Soon, Action-Comedy Film Opens In Theaters May 29". Film Music Daily.
Jump up ^ Singer, Bryan (22 January 2015). "Bryan Singer on Twitter: Meet our new and brilliant young mutants: @Alexshipppp as #Storm @SophieT as #JeanGrey and @TyeSheridan as #Cyclops. #XmenApocalypse". Twitter. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cannes: Sophie Turner, Jack Huston Join Anthology Film 'Berlin I Love You'". The Hollywood Reporter. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sophie Turner to start filming the new X-Men film soon and reveals a Game of Thrones update". HeyUGuys.com. 13 February 2017. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. “We’re about to start shooting the next X-Men, we’ve just finished shooting Season 7 of [Game of] Thrones, and I’ve got a couple of movies to do before X-Men starts.
Jump up ^ "Cannes: Why my controversial Game of Thrones rape scene made me join the Sisterhood". 8 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ DESTA, YOHANA (3 August 2017). "The Very Millennial Way Sophie Turner Beat a "Better" Actress for a Job". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Joe Jonas and Sophie Turner Are Engaged: See Her Ring". E!. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Douglas, Edward. "Interview: Game of Thrones' Sophie Turner Doubles Down for Another Me". Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Production Begins on Kyle Newman's Barely Lethal, Publisher: ComingSoon.net, Published date: 12 November 2013, Access date: 14 November 2013
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (22 January 2015). "Sophie Turner, Tye Sheridan, Alexandra Shipp join 'X-Men: Apocalypse'". Variety. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (December 12, 2017). "Sophie Turner's Drama 'Josie' to Launch Mammoth Film Festival". Variety. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr., Mike (14 June 2017). "Fox Formalizes Simon Kinberg To Helm 'X-Men: Dark Phoenix'; Jennifer Lawrence, Michael Fassbender, James McAvoy Back, Jessica Chastain In Talks". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Ramos, Dino-Ray (March 26, 2018). "20th Century Fox Shuffles Release Dates For 'Bohemian Rhapsody', 'Dark Phoenix' & More". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Cast". HBO. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Thirteenth Tale : Cast". BBC News. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 18th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild. 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Murray, Rebecca. "2011 Scream Awards Nominees and Winners". About.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "34th Annual Young Artist Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "SAG Awards Nominations: '12 Years A Slave' And 'Breaking Bad' Lead Way". Deadline.com. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "21st SAG Awards:Full List of Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Awards. 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016. –
Jump up ^ "Empire Hero Award". Empire. 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "EWwy Awards 2015: Meet Your Winners". Entertainment Weekly. 11 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "The 22nd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". sagawards.org.
Jump up ^ "Sophie Turner is really wearing that red dress". Joblo.com. 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Here's who won what at the GLAMOUR Awards". glamourmagazine. 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Poppy Awards 2016: Meet Your Winners". Entertainment Weekly. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Nolfi, Joey (14 December 2016). "SAG Awards nominations 2017: See the full list". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Levy, Dani (2 February 2017). "Justin Timberlake and Kevin Hart Lead Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Nominations". Variety. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sophie Turner (actress).
Sophie Turner on IMDb
Sophie Turner at the Design Center database
Sophie Turner on Twitter
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WorldCat Identities
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LCCN: no2013019804
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophie_Turner&oldid=837047849"
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List of Olympic Games host cities
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually – but not always – celebrated a four-year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities, and 22 Winter Olympic Games held in 19 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo/Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo/Garmisch-Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games.[1] Five cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Pyeongchang for the 2018 Winter Olympics, Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.
In 2022, Beijing will become the only city that has held both the summer and the winter Olympic Games. Seven cities have hosted the Olympic Games more than once: Athens (1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics), Paris (1900, 1924, and 2024 Summer Olympics), London (1908, 1948, and 2012 Summer Olympics), St. Moritz (1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics), Lake Placid (1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics), Los Angeles (1932, 1984, and 2028 Summer Olympics), and Innsbruck (1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics). Tokyo will join this list upon hosting the 2020 Summer Olympics, having previously hosted the summer games of 1964, as well as Beijing upon hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics, having previously hosted the summer games of 2008. In addition, Stockholm hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics.[d] London became the first city to have hosted three Games with the 2012 Summer Olympics. Paris will become the second city to do this with the 2024 Summer Olympics, followed by Los Angeles as the third in 2028. The United States has hosted a total of eight Olympic Games, more than any other country, followed by France with five editions. Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom have each hosted three Games.
The Games have primarily been hosted in the continents of Europe (36 editions) and North America (12 editions); eight Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania. In 2016, Rio de Janeiro became South America's first Olympic host city, while the African continent is yet to hold the Games. Other major geographic regions which have never hosted the Olympics include the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia.
Host cities are selected by the IOC membership, usually seven years in advance.[2] The selection process lasts approximately two years. In the first stage, any city in the world may submit an application to become a host city. After 10 months, the Executive Board of the IOC decides which applicant city will become official candidates as based on the recommendation of a working group that reviews the applications. In a second stage, the candidate cities are investigated thoroughly by an Evaluation Commission, which then submits a final short list of cities to be considered for selection. The host city is then chosen by vote of the IOC session, a general meeting of IOC members.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Olympic host cities
2 Statistics
2.1 Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games
2.2 Number of Olympic Games by country
2.3 Number of Olympic Games by continent
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Olympic host cities[edit]
For individual summer and winter lists, see List of modern Summer Olympic Games and List of Winter Olympic Games.
City
Country
Continent
Summer (Olympiad)
Winter
Year
Opening Ceremony
Closing Ceremony
Athens Greece Europe S005I — 1896 000000002017-04-06-0000April 6 000000002017-04-15-0000April 15
Paris France Europe S005II — 1900 000000002017-05-14-0000May 14 000000002017-10-28-0000October 28
St. Louis[a] United States North America S005III — 1904 000000002017-07-01-0000July 1 000000002017-11-23-0000November 23
London[c] United Kingdom Europe S005IV — 1908 000000002017-04-27-0000April 27 000000002017-10-31-0000October 31
Stockholm Sweden Europe S005V — 1912 000000002017-05-05-0000May 5 000000002017-07-22-0000July 22
Berlin Germany Europe S006VI — 1916 Cancelled due to WWI[4]
Antwerp[d] Belgium Europe S007VII — 1920 000000002017-04-20-0000April 20 000000002017-09-12-0000September 12[5]
Chamonix France Europe — W001I 1924 000000002017-01-25-0000January 25 000000002017-02-04-0000February 4[6]
Paris France Europe S008VIII — 000000002017-05-04-0000May 4 000000002017-07-27-0000July 27[7]
St. Moritz Switzerland Europe — W002II 1928 000000002017-02-11-0000February 11 000000002017-02-19-0000February 19[8]
Amsterdam Netherlands Europe S009IX — 000000002017-05-17-0000May 17 000000002017-08-12-0000August 12[9]
Lake Placid United States North America — W003III 1932 000000002017-02-04-0000February 4 000000002017-02-15-0000February 15[10]
Los Angeles United States North America S010X — 000000002017-07-30-0000July 30 000000002017-08-14-0000August 14[11]
Garmisch-Partenkirchen Nazi Germany Europe — W004IV 1936 000000002017-02-06-0000February 6 000000002017-02-16-0000February 16[12]
Berlin Nazi Germany Europe S011XI — 000000002017-08-01-0000August 1 000000002017-08-16-0000August 16[13]
Sapporo
Garmisch-Partenkirchen[e] Empire of Japan
Nazi Germany Asia
Europe — W005aV 1940 Cancelled due to WWII[4]
Tokyo
Helsinki[f] Empire of Japan
Finland Asia
Europe S012XII —
Cortina d'Ampezzo Italy Europe — W005bV 1944
London United Kingdom Europe S013XIII —
St. Moritz Switzerland Europe — W005cV 1948 000000002017-01-30-0000January 30 000000002017-02-08-0000February 8
London United Kingdom Europe S014XIV — 000000002017-07-29-0000July 29 000000002017-08-14-0000August 14
Oslo Norway Europe — W006VI 1952 000000002017-02-14-0000February 14 000000002017-02-25-0000February 25
Helsinki Finland Europe S015XV — 000000002017-07-19-0000July 19 000000002017-08-03-0000August 3
Cortina d'Ampezzo Italy Europe — W007VII 1956 000000002017-01-26-0000January 26 000000002017-02-05-0000February 5
Melbourne
Stockholm[g] Australia
Sweden Oceania
Europe S016XVI — 000000002017-11-22-0000November 22
000000002017-06-10-0000June 10 000000002017-12-08-0000December 8
000000002017-06-17-0000June 17
Squaw Valley United States North America — W008VIII 1960 000000002017-02-18-0000February 18 000000002017-02-28-0000February 28
Rome Italy Europe S017XVII — 000000002017-08-25-0000August 25 000000002017-09-11-0000September 11
Innsbruck Austria Europe — W009IX 1964 000000002017-01-29-0000January 29 000000002017-02-09-0000February 9
Tokyo Japan Asia S018XVIII — 000000002017-10-10-0000October 10 000000002017-10-24-0000October 24
Grenoble France Europe — W010X 1968 000000002017-02-06-0000February 6 000000002017-02-18-0000February 18
Mexico City Mexico North America S019XIX — 000000002017-10-12-0000October 12 000000002017-10-27-0000October 27
Sapporo Japan Asia — W011XI 1972 000000002017-02-03-0000February 3 000000002017-02-13-0000February 13
Munich West Germany Europe S020XX — 000000002017-08-26-0000August 26 000000002017-09-11-0000September 11
Innsbruck Austria Europe — W012XII 1976 000000002017-02-04-0000February 4 000000002017-02-15-0000February 15
Montreal Canada North America S021XXI — 000000002017-07-17-0000July 17 000000002017-08-01-0000August 1
Lake Placid United States North America — W013XIII 1980 000000002017-02-12-0000February 12 000000002017-02-24-0000February 24
Moscow Soviet Union Europe[h] S022XXII — 000000002017-07-19-0000July 19 000000002017-08-03-0000August 3
Sarajevo Yugoslavia Europe — W014XIV 1984 000000002017-02-07-0000February 7 000000002017-02-19-0000February 19
Los Angeles United States North America S023XXIII — 000000002017-07-28-0000July 28 000000002017-08-12-0000August 12
Calgary Canada North America — W015XV 1988 000000002017-02-13-0000February 13 000000002017-02-28-0000February 28
Seoul South Korea Asia S024XXIV — 000000002017-09-17-0000September 17 000000002017-10-02-0000October 2
Albertville France Europe — W016XVI 1992 000000002017-02-08-0000February 8 000000002017-02-23-0000February 23
Barcelona Spain Europe S025XXV — 000000002017-07-25-0000July 25 000000002017-08-09-0000August 9
Lillehammer Norway Europe — W017XVII 1994 000000002017-02-12-0000February 12 000000002017-02-27-0000February 27
Atlanta United States North America S026XXVI — 1996 000000002017-07-19-0000July 19 000000002017-08-04-0000August 4
Nagano Japan Asia — W018XVIII 1998 000000002017-02-07-0000February 7 000000002017-02-22-0000February 22
Sydney Australia Oceania S027XXVII — 2000 000000002017-09-15-0000September 15 000000002017-10-01-0000October 1
Salt Lake City United States North America — W019XIX 2002 000000002017-02-08-0000February 8 000000002017-02-24-0000February 24
Athens Greece Europe S028XXVIII — 2004 000000002017-08-13-0000August 13 000000002017-08-29-0000August 29
Turin Italy Europe — W020XX 2006 000000002017-02-10-0000February 10 000000002017-02-26-0000February 26
Beijing[i] China Asia S029XXIX — 2008 000000002017-08-08-0000August 8 000000002017-08-24-0000August 24
Vancouver Canada North America — W021XXI 2010 000000002017-02-12-0000February 12 000000002017-02-28-0000February 28
London United Kingdom Europe S030XXX — 2012 000000002017-07-27-0000July 27 000000002017-08-12-0000August 12
Sochi Russia Europe[h] — W022XXII 2014 000000002017-02-07-0000February 7 000000002017-02-23-0000February 23
Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America S031XXXI — 2016 000000002017-08-05-0000August 5 000000002017-08-21-0000August 21
Pyeongchang South Korea Asia — W023XXIII 2018 000000002017-02-09-0000February 9 000000002017-02-25-0000February 25
Tokyo Japan Asia S032XXXII — 2020 000000002017-07-24-0000July 24 000000002017-08-09-0000August 9
Beijing China Asia — W024XXIV 2022 000000002017-02-04-0000February 4 000000002017-02-20-0000February 20
Paris France Europe S033XXXIII — 2024 000000002017-08-02-0000August 2 000000002017-08-18-0000August 18
TBD TBD — W025XXV 2026 (TBD)
Los Angeles United States North America S034XXXIV — 2028 000000002017-07-21-0000July 21 000000002017-08-06-0000August 6
Statistics[edit]
Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games[edit]
List of cities that hosted multiple editions of the Olympic Games
City
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total
London United Kingdom Europe 3 (1908, 1948, 2012) 0 3
Paris France Europe 3 (1900, 1924, 2024) 0
Los Angeles United States North America 3 (1932, 1984, 2028) 0
Athens Greece Europe 2 (1896, 2004) 0 2
Beijing China Asia 1 (2008) 1 (2022)
Tokyo Japan Asia 2 (1964, 2020) 0
Lake Placid United States North America 0 2 (1932, 1980)
Innsbruck Austria Europe 0 2 (1964, 1976)
St. Moritz Switzerland Europe 0 2 (1928, 1948)
The 1906 Intercalated Games are not officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games.
Number of Olympic Games by country[edit]
Nations that have hosted or will host the Summer Olympics
5 times
4 times (no entry)
3 times
2 times
1 time
Never held games
Nations that have hosted or will host the Winter Olympics
4 times or more
3 times
2 times
1 time
Never held games
List of countries ranked by the number of times they hosted the Olympic Games
Rank
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total
1 United States North America 5 (1904, 1932, 1984, 1996, 2028) 4 (1932, 1960, 1980, 2002) 9
2 France Europe 3 (1900, 1924, 2024) 3 (1924, 1968, 1992) 6
3 Japan Asia 2 (1940, 1964, 2020) 2 (1940, 1972, 1998) 4
4 United Kingdom Europe 3 (1908, 1944, 1948, 2012) 0 3
5 Canada North America 1 (1976) 2 (1988, 2010) 3
6 Italy Europe 1 (1960) 2 (1944, 1956, 2006) 3
7 Nazi Germany/ West Germany/ Germany Europe 2 (1916, 1936, 1972) 1 (1936, 1940) 3
8 China Asia 1 (2008) 1 (2022) 2
9 South Korea Asia 1 (1988) 1 (2018) 2
10 Soviet Union/ Russia Europe 1 (1980) 1 (2014) 2
11 Greece Europe 2 (1896, 2004) 0 2
12 Australia Oceania 2 (1956, 2000) 0 2
13 Norway Europe 0 2 (1952, 1994) 2
14 Austria Europe 0 2 (1964, 1976) 2
15 Switzerland Europe 0 2 (1928, 1940, 1948) 2
16 Brazil South America 1 (2016) 0 1
17 Spain Europe 1 (1992) 0 1
18 SFR Yugoslavia/ Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 0 1 (1984) 1
19 Mexico Central America 1 (1968) 0 1
20 Finland Europe 1 (1940, 1952) 0 1
21 Netherlands Europe 1 (1928) 0 1
22 Belgium Europe 1 (1920) 0 1
23 Sweden Europe 1 (1912) 0 1
Number of Olympic Games by continent[edit]
Rank
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total
1 Europe 17 (1896, 1900, 1908, 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1936, 1940
1944, 1948, 1952, 1960, 1972, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2012, 2024) 13 (1924, 1928, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956
1964, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1992, 1994, 2006, 2014) 30
2 North America 7 (1904, 1932, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1996, 2028) 6 (1932, 1960, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2010) 13
3 Asia 4 (1940, 1964, 1988, 2008, 2020) 4 (1940, 1972, 1998, 2018, 2022) 8
4 Oceania 2 (1956, 2000) 0 2
5 South America 1 (2016) 0 1
6 Africa 0 0 0
Notes[edit]
a Originally awarded to Chicago, but moved to St. Louis to coincide with the World's Fair.[14][15]
b The 1906 Games were sanctioned and treated as an Olympic Games when held, and they were recognized as an Olympic Games by the IOC until 1949[16]
c The 1908 Games were originally given to Rome, but were moved to London when Mount Vesuvius erupted.[17]
d The sailing events in 1920 were held in Ostend, Belgium and in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
e The 1940 winter games were originally awarded to Sapporo, but were moved to Garmisch-Partenkirchen before being cancelled.
f The 1940 summer games were originally awarded to Tokyo, but were moved to Helsinki before being cancelled.
g Equestrian events were held in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm had to bid for the equestrian competition separately; it received its own Olympic flame and had its own formal invitations and opening and closing ceremonies, just like the regular Summer Olympics.[18]
h Russia/Soviet Union spans the continents of Europe and Asia. However, the Russian National Olympic Committee is part of the European Olympic Committees. Also, Moscow is on the European side of the most commonly recognized boundary between Europe and Asia. (Sochi is in Asia per the usual geographic boundary, being just south of the Greater Caucasus' western end; but political approximations of the continental boundary place it in Europe.)
i Equestrian events were held in China's Hong Kong SAR.[19] Although Hong Kong's separate NOC conducted the equestrian competition, it was an integral part of the Beijing Games (unlike the 1956 Stockholm equestrian competition it was not conducted under a separate Hong Kong bid, separate flame, etc.).[20]
j Calgary is actively working with the Canadian Olympic Committee in considering a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics.
k Innsbruck is actively working with the Austrian Olympic Committee in considering a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics.
l Lillehammer is actively working with the Norwegian Olympic Committee in considering a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics.
m Sion is actively working with the Swiss Olympic Association in considering a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-313-32278-5.
Jump up ^ Group, Taylor Francis (2003). The Europa World Yearbook. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
Jump up ^ "Choice of the Host City". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
^ Jump up to: a b Durántez, Conrado (April–May 1997). "The Olympic Movement, a twentieth-century phenomenon" (PDF). Olympic Review. XXVI (14): 56–57.
Jump up ^ "Antwerp 1920". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Chamonix 1924". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Paris 1924". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "St. Moritz 1928". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Amsterdam 1928". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lake Placid 1932". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles 1932". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Berlin 1936". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "St Louis 1904". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
Jump up ^ "St. Louis gets Olympic Games; International Committee Sanctions the Change for the World's Fair in 1904" (PDF). The New York Times. 1903-02-12. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
Jump up ^ The 2nd International Olympic Games In Athens 1906, Karl Lennartz, Journal of Olympic History, Dec. 2001/Jan. 2002
Jump up ^ "Rome Games moved to London". realclearsports.com. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Stockholm/Melbourne 1956". Swedish Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
Jump up ^ Tim Pile (June 25, 2008). "Hong Kong saddles up for the Olympics". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
Jump up ^ "2008 Beijing Olympic home page". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
External links[edit]
"The Olympic Games". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
[show]
v
t
e
Summer Olympic Games host cities
1896: Athens
1900: Paris
1904: St. Louis
1908: London
1912: Stockholm
1916: none[c1]
1920: Antwerp
1924: Paris
1928: Amsterdam
1932: Los Angeles
1936: Berlin
1940: none[c2]
1944: none[c2]
1948: London
1952: Helsinki
1956: Melbourne
1960: Rome
1964: Tokyo
1968: Mexico City
1972: Munich
1976: Montreal
1980: Moscow
1984: Los Angeles
1988: Seoul
1992: Barcelona
1996: Atlanta
2000: Sydney
2004: Athens
2008: Beijing
2012: London
2016: Rio de Janeiro
2020: Tokyo
2024: Paris
2028: Los Angeles
[c1] Cancelled due to World War I; [c2] Cancelled due to World War II
[show]
v
t
e
Winter Olympic Games host cities
1924: Chamonix
1928: St. Moritz
1932: Lake Placid
1936: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1940: Cancelled due to World War II
1944: Cancelled due to World War II
1948: St. Moritz
1952: Oslo
1956: Cortina d'Ampezzo
1960: Squaw Valley
1964: Innsbruck
1968: Grenoble
1972: Sapporo
1976: Innsbruck
1980: Lake Placid
1984: Sarajevo
1988: Calgary
1992: Albertville
1994: Lillehammer
1998: Nagano
2002: Salt Lake City
2006: Turin
2010: Vancouver
2014: Sochi
2018: Pyeongchang
2022: Beijing
[show]
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Summer Games
1896 Athens
1900 Paris
1904 St. Louis
1908 London
1912 Stockholm
1916 Berlin
1920 Antwerp
1924 Paris
1928 Amsterdam
1932 Los Angeles
1936 Berlin
1940 Tokyo
1944 London
1948 London
1952 Helsinki
1956 Melbourne
1960 Rome
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1968 Mexico City
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1984 Los Angeles
1988 Seoul
1992 Barcelona
1996 Atlanta
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2004 Athens
2008 Beijing
2012 London
2016 Rio de Janeiro
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2032 TBD
Winter Games
1924 Chamonix
1928 St. Moritz
1932 Lake Placid
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1940 Sapporo
1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo
1948 St. Moritz
1952 Oslo
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
1960 Squaw Valley
1964 Innsbruck
1968 Grenoble
1972 Sapporo
1976 Innsbruck
1980 Lake Placid
1984 Sarajevo
1988 Calgary
1992 Albertville
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1998 Nagano
2002 Salt Lake City
2006 Turin
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2014 Sochi
2018 Pyeongchang
2022 Beijing
2026 TBD
2030 TBD
Ancient Olympic Games
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Norwegian Olympic Committee

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values: List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games

values: List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games

values: List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies

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values: قائمة المدن المستضيفة للألعاب الأولمبية – Arabic

values: অলিম্পিক গেমস আয়োজক শহরের তালিকা – Bangla

values: Llista de seus dels Jocs Olímpics – Catalan

values: Κατάλογος διοργανωτριών πόλεων Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων – Greek

values: فهرست میزبان‌های المپیک – Persian

values: Олимпиада ойындарын қабылдаған қалалардың тізімі – Kazakh

values: Olimpisko spēļu norises vietu uzskaitījums – Latvian

values: Список на градови-домаќини на Олимписките игри – Macedonian

values: Liste over byer som har arrangert OL – Norwegian

values: Lista dos Jogos Olímpicos da Era Moderna – Portuguese

values: Lista orașelor gazdă ale Jocurilor Olimpice – Romanian

values: Список столиц Олимпийских игр – Russian

values: ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுக்கள் நடைபெற்ற இடங்கள் – Tamil

values: Список столиць Олімпійських ігор – Ukrainian

values: اولمپکس کی میزبانی بلحاظ ملک – Urdu

values: Danh sách thành phố chủ nhà Thế vận hội – Vietnamese

values: 奧林匹克運動會主辦城市列表 – Chinese

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