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Nirmala Sitharaman
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Nirmala Sitharaman
Minister of Defence
Incumbent
Assumed office
3 September 2017
Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
Preceded by
Arun Jaitley
Minister of Commerce and Industry[1]
In office
26 May 2014 – 3 September 2017
Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
Preceded by
Anand Sharma
Succeeded by
Suresh Prabhu
Spokesperson of Bharatiya Janata Party
In office
2010–2014
Succeeded by
Shaina NC
MP of Rajya Sabha for Karnataka [2]
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 July 2016
Preceded by
M. Venkaiah Naidu, BJP
MP of Rajya Sabha for Andhra Pradesh
In office
26 June 2014 – 21 June 2016
Preceded by
N. Janardhana Reddy, Indian National Congress
Succeeded by
Suresh Prabhu
Personal details
Born
(1959-08-18) 18 August 1959 (age 59)
Madurai, Madras State
(now Tamil Nadu)
Political party
Bharatiya Janata Party
Children
1
Residence
Bangalore, Karnataka, India[3][4]
Alma mater
Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College , Tiruchirapalli
Jawaharlal Nehru University
Nirmala Sitharaman (born 18 August 1959) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party, currently serving as the Minister of Defence in the Narendra Modi government. She is also a member of the Rajya Sabha for Karnataka.
Sitharaman has formerly served as the Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs under the Ministry of Finance and the Minister for Commerce and Industry with independent charge. Prior to that, she has served as a national spokesperson for the BJP.[5]
Contents
1 Personal life
2 Political career
3 Non-political career
4 References
5 External links
Personal life[edit]
Nirmala was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu to Narayanan and Savitri. Her father, Narayanan Sitaraman, hailed from Musiri, Tiruchirappalli district, while her mother's family had its roots in Thiruvenkadu, Thanjavur District and Salem district. Her father was an employee of Indian Railways and hence she spent her childhood in various parts of the state. She had her schooling from Madras and Tiruchirappalli.[6] She obtained a BA in economics at the Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College in Tiruchirapalli. And her Master's degree in Economics from Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi.[7]
She met her husband Parakala Prabhakar, from Narsapuram Andhra Pradesh, while studying at the Jawaharlal Nehru University. While Nirmala leaned towards the BJP, her husband was from a pro-Congress family.[8] He served as a communications advisor to the Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister, Chandrababu Naidu.[9][10]
Political career[edit]
Nirmala Sitharaman joined the BJP in 2008 and has served as a spokesperson for the party. In 2014, she was inducted in Narendra Modi's cabinet as a junior minister.
In May 2016, she was one of the 12 candidates nominated by the BJP to contest the Rajya Sabha elections due on 11 June 2016. She successfully contested her seat from Karnataka.[11] On 3 September 2017, she was elevated to Defence Minister, being only the second woman after Indira Gandhi to hold the Defence Minister post.[12][13]
Non-political career[edit]
Outside the political sphere, Sitharaman has served as an assistant to Economist in the Agricultural Engineers Association in the UK. During her stay in the UK, she has also served as a Senior Manager (R&D)[10] for Price Waterhouse and briefly at the BBC World Service.[14] She has also served as a member of National Commission for Women.[15] In 2017, she was one of the founding directors of Pranava school in Hyderabad.[16]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://commerce.nic.in/bio/CIMBiodata.pdf
Jump up ^ "Nirmala Sitharaman Wins Rajya Sabha Seat From Karnataka, Congress Gets 3".
Jump up ^ "National Leadership from Andhra Pradesh - Official BJP site of Andhra Pradesh Nirmala sitharaman's address and contact information".
Jump up ^ "Official BJP National website".
Jump up ^ "Deccan Chronicle: BJP leader Nirmala Sitharaman gets NJR Rajya Sabha seat". 4 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Phadnis, Aditi (4 September 2017). "The rise and rise of Nirmala Sitharaman: From spokesperson to defence minister". Business Standard. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Narayanan, Chitra; T.C.A., Srinivasa Raghavan (8 June 2011). "'Like water on a lotus leaf'". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : BJP spokesperson finds her new role challenging". The Hindu. 3 April 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "AP govt advisor and Nirmala Sitharaman's husband Parakala Prabhakar quits, blames Jagan".
^ Jump up to: a b "In Nirmala Sitharaman, India Gets Its Second Woman Defence Minister After Indira Gandhi". Huffington Post India. 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
Jump up ^ "Naidu, Naqvi, Goyal among 12 in BJP's RS list". ABP Live. 29 May 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nirmala Sitharaman Joins Cabinet: GST and Start-Up Success Pays Dividend". News18. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Modi Cabinet reshuffle: Full list of new council of ministers", The Times of India, 3 September 2017
Jump up ^ Mohua Chatterjee, TNN (21 March 2010). "BJP gets a JNU product as its woman spokesparson". Indiatimes.com. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Who is Nirmala Sitharaman, India's first full-time woman Defence Minister". Financial Express. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Management | Pranava". Pranavatheschool.org. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
External links[edit]
Elections.in - Nirmala Sitharaman Biography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nirmala Sitharaman.
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Elections
The Ontario New Democratic Party (ONDP or NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique de l'Ontario)[3] is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. The Ontario NDP, led by Andrea Horwath since March 2009, currently forms the Official Opposition in Ontario following the 2018 general election. It is a provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party. It was formed in October 1961 from the Ontario section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario CCF) and the Ontario Federation of Labour (OFL).
For many years, the ONDP was the most successful provincial NDP branch outside the national party's western heartland. It had its first breakthrough under its first leader, Donald C. MacDonald in the 1967 provincial election, when the party elected 20 Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs) to the Ontario Legislative Assembly. After the 1970 leadership convention, Stephen Lewis became leader, and guided the party to Official Opposition status in 1975, the first time since the Ontario CCF did it twice in the 1940s. After the party's disappointing performance in the 1977 provincial election, that included losing second party status, Lewis stepped down and Michael Cassidy was elected leader in 1978. Cassidy led the party through one campaign, the 1981 election. The party did poorly again, and Cassidy resigned.
In 1982, Bob Rae was elected leader. Under his leadership, in 1985, the party held the balance-of-power with the signing of an accord with the newly elected Liberal minority government. After the 1987 Ontario general election, the ONDP became the Official Opposition again. The 1990 Ontario general election surprisingly produced the ONDP's breakthrough first government in 1990 (when the election was called it looked like the Liberals would win a second majority government). The victory produced the first NDP provincial government east of Manitoba. However, it took power just when Canada's economy was in a recession, and as a result of unpopular economic policies it was defeated in 1995. Rae stepped down as leader in 1996.
Howard Hampton was elected leader in at the 1996 Hamilton convention, and led the party through three elections. Hampton's period as leader saw the ONDP lose official party status twice: after the 1999 and 2003 elections. He was able to regain party status the first time after the governing Progressive Conservatives revised party status requirements in accordance with that election's reduction in the number of seats in the legislature, and the second time after winning a string of by-elections in the mid-2000s. The party maintained party status after the 2007 Ontario general election and he stepped down as leader in 2009.
Andrea Horwath replaced him after she was elected leader at the 2009 leadership convention in Hamilton. Under her leadership in the 2011 Ontario general election, the party elected 17 MPPs to the legislature and in the 2014 Ontario general election, the party elected 21 MPPs. Under Horwath, the party achieved its second highest seat count ever (other than forming government in 1990) when it formed the Official Opposition with 40 MPPs after the 2018 Ontario general election.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 History
2.1 Ontario CCF as Opposition
2.2 End of the CCF/New Party and revival
2.3 Official Opposition under Stephen Lewis
2.4 Third party status under Michael Cassidy
2.5 Opposition then Government under Bob Rae
2.6 Post-government under Howard Hampton
2.7 2003 election: losing official party status
2.8 By-elections: regaining official party status
2.9 2007 Ontario General Election
2.10 Leadership of Andrea Horwath
3 Leaders of the Ontario CCF/NDP
4 Election results
5 Structure
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Origins[edit]
Main article: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)
The NDP's predecessor, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), was a democratic socialist political party, founded in 1932. The Ontario CCF in turn was indirectly the successor to the 1919–23 United Farmers of Ontario–Labour coalition that formed the government in Ontario under Ernest C. Drury.[4]
History[edit]
Ontario CCF as Opposition[edit]
As the Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation under Ted Jolliffe as their first leader,[5] the party nearly won the 1943 Ontario provincial election, winning 34 seats and forming the official opposition for the first time.[6] Two-years later, they would be reduced to 8 seats. The final glory for the Ontario CCF came in the 1948 election, when party elected 21 MPPs, and again formed the official opposition.[7] They were even able to defeat Premier George A. Drew in his own constituency, when the CCF's Bill Temple won in High Park, even though the Conservatives won another majority government.[7] The breaking point for the Ontario CCF came in 1951. They were reduced to two MPP's in that year's provincial election, and never really recovered. In the two remaining elections while it existed, the party never had more than five members in the legislature. Jolliffe resigned as leader in 1953.
End of the CCF/New Party and revival[edit]
Donald C. MacDonald, CCF/NDP Leader from 1953 to 1970. Seen here in February 2007
Donald C. MacDonald became leader in 1953,[8] and spent the next fifteen years rebuilding the party, from two seats when he took over the party's helm, to ten times that number when he stepped down in 1970. Delegates from the Ontario CCF, delegates from affiliated union locals, and delegates from New Party Clubs took part in the founding convention of the New Democratic Party of Ontario held in Niagara Falls at the Sheraton Brock hotel from 7–9 October 1961 and elected MacDonald as their leader.[8][9] The Ontario CCF Council ceased to exist formally on Sunday, 8 October 1961, when the newly elected NDP executive officially took over.[8]
The Ontario NDP gradually picked up seats through the 1960s. It achieved a breakthrough in the 1967 election, when its popular vote rose from 15% to 26%. The party increased its presence in the legislature from 8 to 20 seats.[10] In that election the party ran on the themes of the cost of living, tax distribution, education costs, Canadian unity, and housing.[10]
Official Opposition under Stephen Lewis[edit]
Stephen Lewis took over the party's leadership in 1970, and the NDP's popularity continued to grow. With the 1975 provincial election, the governing Conservatives were reduced to a minority government for the first time in thirty years. The charismatic and dynamic Lewis ran a strong election campaign that forced the Tories to promise to implement the NDP's rent control policies. The NDP overtook the Liberals to become the Official Opposition with 38 seats and 29% of the vote. However, the Tories retained power as a minority government.[11]
Hopes were high that the NDP was on the verge of taking power, but in the 1977 election, the Tories under Bill Davis again won a minority government. The NDP lost five seats, and slipped into third place behind the Liberals. A frustrated Lewis resigned shortly afterwards.
Third party status under Michael Cassidy[edit]
Michael Cassidy was elected leader, but being the most left-wing of the three leadership candidates, he was not fully trusted by the party establishment. Cassidy's policy advisor in the leadership campaign was James Laxer, a former leader of The Waffle NDP faction which Lewis had expelled from the party in 1972. Some members of the NDP caucus considered Cassidy's election as a serious mistake, and encouraged him to resign before contesting an election. Cassidy ignored this advice, and remained as leader. The NDP declined further in the 1981 election and Cassidy stepped down.
The party's fortunes turned around under the leadership of Bob Rae. The NDP captured two by-elections at the cost of the Liberals. In late 1984, polls showed Rae's NDP ahead of the David Peterson-led Liberals.
Opposition then Government under Bob Rae[edit]
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The 1985 election resulted in a minority legislature: the Tories under Premier Frank Miller won 52 seats, the Liberals won 48, and the NDP 25. The New Democrats entered negotiations with both the Tories and the Liberals. The NDP signed a two-year accord with the Liberals, in which the Liberals would form government with the NDP's support in exchange for the implementation of a number of NDP policies. This was not a coalition government as the NDP declined an offer to sit in Cabinet, preferring to remain in opposition. The governing Tories were defeated by a non-confidence motion and Miller resigned.
When the accord expired in 1987, Premier David Peterson called an election and the Liberals were re-elected with a large majority. The NDP lost seats but emerged as the largest opposition party, with Bob Rae becoming Leader of the Opposition.
Shortly before the general election of 1990, the governing Liberals held a solid lead in the polls, though their popularity had tailed off from 1987. However, Peterson's government was soon mired in scandals and many regarded the early election call as cynical. Under Rae, the NDP ran a strong campaign, which was also aided by a successful federal NDP showing a couple years earlier. Although the NDP finished only three percentage points ahead of the Liberals, they managed to take many seats in the Greater Toronto Area away from the Liberals. As a result, the NDP won a large majority government of 74 seats while the Liberals suffered the worst defeat in their history.
Bob Rae became Premier of Ontario during the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. In government, the NDP disappointed supporters by abandoning much of its ambitious program, including the promise to institute a public auto insurance system. As the recession worsened, the NDP implemented what it called the Social Contract – which represented a shift to fiscal conservatism that anticipated that of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom under the leadership of Tony Blair. This was a package of austerity measures that:
reopened the collective bargaining agreements of public sector unions;
implemented a wage freeze for public servants; and
imposed Rae Days, which were a schedule of days in which government workers were given days off without pay.
The Social Contract resulted in a major breach in the NDP's alliance with the labour movement as several trade unions turned against the party. Rae's government passed employment equity legislation and amended the province's labour law to ban the use of replacement workers during strikes, but this did not win back union support.
At one point, the NDP fell to a low of six percent support in polling. An ominous sign for the party came in the 1993 federal election. All 10 of the NDP's Ontario MPs lost their seats to Liberal challengers by large margins. It was obvious by the 1995 election that Rae's government would not be re-elected. The official opposition Liberals under Lyn McLeod were initially the beneficiaries of the NDP's unpopularity, but their poor campaign saw the momentum swing to the resurgent Tories under Mike Harris, who vaulted from third in the legislature to win a large majority. The NDP fell down to 17 seats, third place in the Legislative Assembly. In 1996, Rae stepped down as party leader and resigned his seat in the legislature.
Despite these shortcomings, the Rae years did witness a number of reforms in the field of social welfare being enacted. In 1991, the Rae government increased basic social assistance rates by 7% and shelter rates by 10%. Single parents were uploaded from the municipalities and all lone parents were raised to the same income standard. In 1992 and 1993, the Rae government implemented successive increases to social assistance.[12]
Rae has since joined the Liberal Party of Canada and was an unsuccessful candidate for party leadership in December 2006 and December 2008, but went on to serve as interim leader following Michael Ignatieff's resignation in 2011 until Justin Trudeau was chosen in 2013.[13][14]
Post-government under Howard Hampton[edit]
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Ontario NDP leader Howard Hampton in February 2007.
Rae was succeeded by Bud Wildman as interim leader in 1996,[15] until Howard Hampton defeated Frances Lankin, a member of Rae's inner circle, for the party leadership that same year.[16][17]
Under Hampton, the party has largely repudiated Rae's policies and renewed its commitment to a moderate form of socialism. Shortly after the 1999 election, Hampton cited the Swedish model of social democracy as closely reflecting his own beliefs. However, the party has never fully healed the breach with organized labour that resulted from the Social Contract, nor has it been able to regain the popularity it enjoyed in the late 1980s.
NDP support fell even further in the 1999 election, leaving the party with just nine seats. However, this was largely due to tactical voting in which NDP supporters voted Liberal in hopes of removing Harris and the Tories from power. As a result, Hampton was not blamed for this severe defeat and stayed on as leader.
Under the rules of the Legislative Assembly, a party would receive official party status, and the resources and privileges accorded to officially recognized parties, if it had 12 or more seats; thus, it initially appeared the NDP would lose caucus funding and the ability to ask questions in the House. However, the governing Conservatives changed the rules after the election to lower the threshold for party status from 12 seats to 8. The Conservatives had reduced the size of the legislature, so provincial ridings now had the same boundaries as the federal ones, and so the official party status threshold was lowered. Some suggested that the Tories helped the NDP so they could continue to split the vote with the Liberals, although the Conservatives had stated before the election campaign even began that reducing official party status to eight seats was part of the seat reduction plan from the very beginning.
2003 election: losing official party status[edit]
In the 2003 election, the party emphasized their "Public Power Campaign", which had two key issues, primarily publicly owned electricity generation and distribution, and publicly run auto insurance.[18] As well, the Public Power Campaign also dealt with rolling-back the social program cuts from the Harris government's Common Sense Revolution. Many media outlets – including The Globe and Mail – thought that party leader Howard Hampton performed strongly in the televised leaders' debate.[19] Despite Hampton's debate performance and a 2.4% increase in the popular vote, the party lost two seats, once again losing official party status and their previous speaking privileges and funding.[19] One of the problems that likely affected NDP support was strategic voting, not unlike that of the 1999 election. Dozens of NDP voters voted Liberal in order to ensure that the Tories would be defeated.[20] This voting practice did do damage to the NDP's electoral fortunes because it was interpreted as a call for blanket support for Liberal candidates over NDP candidates, with no real thought to which candidate had a better chance to defeat a PC in any individual riding.[21] Several unions, such as the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW), promoted strategic voting to their membership and the public, which further added to the party's woes.[22] The newly elected Liberal government offered to give the NDP caucus research funding if their members agreed to sit as independents. Hampton refused and disrupted the government Throne Speech in protest.[23]
By-elections: regaining official party status[edit]
The first by-election in the 38th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, was in the riding of Hamilton East, caused by the untimely death of the riding's MPP, Dominic Agostino, on 24 March 2004. This tragic event, in conjunction with a recent and unpopular tax increase by the Liberals, provided the NDP with an opportunity to regain party status. A by-election was called for 13 May 2004, in which the new Liberal candidate, Agostino's brother Ralph, was challenged by NDP candidate Andrea Horwath, a Hamilton city councillor. In a fight for its political life, the NDP ran an all-out campaign to win the seat, aided by the city's large base of unionized steelworkers. On election night, Horwath took 63.8 per cent of the vote in the seat, bringing the NDP back to eight seats in the Legislature and allowing them to regain official party status.[24]
The NDP's representation in the Legislature was again reduced to seven seats when Marilyn Churley resigned her seat to run in the 2006 federal election. However, the Liberals reversed their position and declared that the NDP would retain party status even if they lost the upcoming Toronto—Danforth by-election. Some opposition sources believed the Liberals, mindful of their humiliating defeat to Horwath, had loosened their interpretation of the rules so that whomever ran for the NDP in Toronto—Danforth couldn't use the threat of lost status in a campaign. This issue became moot when, on 30 March 2006, NDP candidate Peter Tabuns won the by-election in the Toronto—Danforth riding by a 9% margin over the Liberals' Ben Chin, alleviating another party status crisis.[25]
The NDP scored a surprise victory over the Liberals in the late summer of that year in the riding of Parkdale—High Park. Liberal Education Minister Gerard Kennedy resigned on 5 April 2006 to run for the Federal Liberal Party leadership. The government took an unusually long time to call the by-election, waiting until 16 August to drop the writ. It turned into one of the most vicious elections in recent Ontario memory, almost on par with Jolliffe's 1945 "Gestapo" campaign. This time though, the NDP were not making the accusations; NDP candidate Cheri DiNovo's credibility was put to the test by what most of the media considered to be unworthy and underhanded personal attacks launched by the Liberals. The tactic backfired; on 14 September 2006, DiNovo defeated Liberal candidate – and incumbent Toronto city councillor – Sylvia Watson by taking 41% of the popular vote to Watson's 33%.[26]
In the riding of York South—Weston, adjacent to Parkdale—High Park and once the seat of former leaders Bob Rae, Donald C. MacDonald and Ted Jolliffe, the NDP continued its string of recent by-election successes by taking away another Liberal stronghold. On 8 February 2007, Paul Ferreira narrowly defeated Liberal candidate Laura Albanese by 358 votes, or 2%. This victory increased the NDP caucus' seat total to ten, up by three since the October 2003 general election.[27]
2007 Ontario General Election[edit]
In the 2007 general election, the party increased its share of the popular vote by two percent but did not make any gains in the Legislature, with the loss of Paul Ferreira in York South—Weston being offset by the victory of Paul Miller in Hamilton East—Stoney Creek.[citation needed] France Gélinas also successfully retained the riding of Nickel Belt, following the retirement of Shelley Martel.[citation needed] The other eight NDP ridings were all retained by their incumbent MPPs.[citation needed]
Early polling in September 2006 showed the party with 27% support, its highest recorded level since 1992.[28] By early 2007 support had fallen to 17% support, further behind the two front-running parties but still slightly ahead of the party's 15% result in the 2003 election.[29][30] September 2007 polling had the NDP at 14%,[31] while the 29 September Ipsos poll had them at 17%,[32] meaning that NDP's support has been constant for a year within the margin of error. Though the same Ipsos poll suggested that the NDP would elect 12 members to the Legislature,[32] the party would eventually elect only 10.
On 14 June 2008, Hampton announced he would be stepping down as leader at the 2009 leadership election.[33]
Leadership of Andrea Horwath[edit]
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On 7 November 2008, Andrea Horwath officially launched her campaign to win the party's leadership. Andrea Horwath advocated heavy investment in light rail. In party matters she emphasised a closer relationship to unions and the hiring of regional organisers.[34] The leadership election was held 6–8 March 2009. Horwath led on the first two ballots, and won on the third ballot with 60.4% of the vote.[35]
In the lead-up to the election, Horwath began to campaign on tax incentives for businesses that create jobs in the province, making investments that improve health-care wait times, and cutting the Harmonized Sales Tax from necessities such as home-heating and gas.[36] Instead of providing broad corporate tax cuts, Horwath would focus on tax cuts for small businesses and companies that make investments in Ontario.[37] Her campaign also criticized the McGuinty government for not soliciting competitive bids for green energy projects, and pledged to have a public bidding process where preference is given to local providers.[38]
She distanced the ONDP from former Premier Bob Rae, now interim leader of the federal Liberal Party of Canada,[39] by pointing out that he is the exception to the rule of NDP Premiers in other provinces who have been able to balance provincial budgets.[40] At the official televised leaders' debate, her political rivals criticized the ONDP's handling of the economy in the early 1990s, but Horwath further distanced the New Democratic Party from Mr. Rae by pointing out his current allegiance to the federal Liberals as interim leader of the (federal) Liberal Party.[41] Her campaign largely refrained from mudslinging and personal attacks, and she led her party to an increase from 10 seats to 17 seats in the legislature. The Liberals were re-elected with a minority government giving Horwath's NDP the balance of power in the legislature.[42]
At an automatic leadership review held at the party's provincial convention in April 2012, 76.4% of delegates voted in favour of Horwath's continued leadership.[43]
In September 2012, NDP candidate Catherine Fife won a by-election in the riding of Kitchener—Waterloo after the resignation of former Progressive Conservative MPP Elizabeth Witmer. Fife's victory increased the ONDP caucus to a total of 18 seats in the provincial legislature.
Further by-election victories in ridings formerly held by the Liberals included Peggy Sattler in London West and Percy Hatfield in Windsor—Tecumseh in August 2013, and Wayne Gates in Niagara Falls. This increased the ONDP caucus to 21 members in the Legislative Assembly.
At the 2018 provincial election, the ONDP had its strongest showing in almost three decades, winning 40 seats and official opposition status. Notably, they swept Old Toronto (i. e., what was the city of Toronto before the 1999 amalgamation of Metro Toronto) and took eight seats in northern Ontario.
Leaders of the Ontario CCF/NDP[edit]
The party was known as the Ontario section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation until the New Democratic Party's founding convention on 8 October 1961, at which point Donald C. MacDonald ceased to be the CCF leader, but rather the Ontario NDP leader.
Leader
Years in Office
1 Samuel Lawrence 1934-1937 (party spokesman)
2 E.B. (Ted) Jolliffe 1942-1953
3 Donald C. MacDonald 1953-1970
4 Stephen Lewis 1970-1978
5 Michael Cassidy 1978-1982
6 Bob Rae 1982-1996
7 Bud Wildman 1996 (interim)
8 Howard Hampton 1996-2009
9 Andrea Horwath 2009-present
See also: Ontario CCF/NDP leadership elections
Election results[edit]
These are the results for the Ontario CCF from 1934 to 1959 and the Ontario NDP from 1963 to present.
Election
Leader
Seats
Change +/-
Votes
Percentage
Standing
Legislative role
Government
1934
John Mitchell
(party president)
1 / 90
1 n.a. 7.0% 3rd Third party Liberal majority
1937
0 / 90
1 n.a. 5.6% none None
1943
Ted Jolliffe
34 / 90
34 n.a. 31.7% 2nd Opposition Progressive Conservative minority
1945
8 / 90
26 n.a. 22.4% 3rd Third party Progressive Conservative majority
1948
21 / 90
13 n.a. 27.0% 2nd Opposition
1951
2 / 90
19 n.a. 19.1% 3rd Third party
1955
Donald C. MacDonald
3 / 98
1 n.a. 16.5% 3rd Third party
1959
5 / 98
2 n.a. 16.7% 3rd Third party
1963
7 / 108
2 n.a. 15.5% 3rd Third party
1967
20 / 117
13 n.a. 25.9% 3rd Third party
1971
Stephen Lewis
19 / 117
1 n.a. 27.1% 3rd Third party
1975
38 / 125
19 n.a. 28.9% 2nd Opposition Progressive Conservative minority
1977
33 / 125
5 n.a. 28.0% 3rd Third party
1981
Michael Cassidy
21 / 125
12 n.a. 21.2% 3rd Third party Progressive Conservative majority
1985
Bob Rae
25 / 125
4 865,507 23.8% 3rd Third party Progressive Conservative, then Liberal minority
1987
19 / 130
6 970,813 25.7% 2nd Opposition Liberal majority
1990
74 / 130
55 1,509,506 37.6% 1st Majority NDP majority
1995
17 / 130
58 854,163 20.6% 3rd Third party Progressive Conservative majority
1999
Howard Hampton
9 / 103
8 551,009 12.6% 3rd Third party
2003
7 / 103
1 660,730 14.7% 3rd No status§ Liberal majority
2007
10 / 107
3 741,043 16.8% 3rd Third party
2011
Andrea Horwath
17 / 107
7 980,204 22.73% 3rd Third party Liberal minority
2014
21 / 107
4 1,144,576 23.75% 3rd Third party Liberal majority
2018
40 / 124
19 1,925,512 33.57% 2nd Opposition Progressive Conservative majority
§Regained official party status after a 2004 by-election.
Structure[edit]
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The officers of the Ontario NDP are the leader, the party president, six vice-presidents and the treasurer. Apart from the leader, the party officers are elected at the party's biennial convention. The leader is head of the parliamentary party and leads the party caucus in the Ontario legislature and is the party's presumed candidate to lead an NDP government should the party be called upon to form a government. The Provincial Secretary is an employee of the party and manages the day to day party organization outside of the legislature. The Provincial Secretary is hired by the party executive with the ratification of the provincial council.
The party's provincial executive is composed of the party's officers, six men and six women elected on a regional basis, three women and three men elected at large, one woman and one man elected by the Ontario New Democratic Youth, two women representing the Women's Committee, one woman and one man representing the Lesbian, Gay and Trans-identified Committee, one woman and one man representing the party's ethnic committees, one woman and one man representing the Disability Rights Committee and one woman and one man representing the Aboriginal Section.
The highest decision making body of the party is the provincial convention held once every two years. The convention is made up of delegates elected by riding associations, sections of the party (ONDY, Women's, LGBT, Ethnic, Aboriginal, Disability), affiliates such as labour unions and other bodies.
The Provincial Council is the next highest decision making level and meets between conventions, usually three or four times a year. the Provincial Council is made up of the provincial executive, two representatives of the party's provincial caucus, delegates elected from each riding association, representatives of regional party bodies, representatives of sections of the party and party affiliates.[44]
See also[edit]
List of political parties in Ontario
List of articles about Ontario CCF/NDP members
Ontario CCF/NDP leadership elections
Ontario New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Ontario New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Metro New Democratic Party – Municipal NDP in Toronto in the 1970s and 1980s
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ MacPherson, Ian (2011). "The United Farmers of Ontario". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Toronto: The Historica-Dominion Institute. Archived from the original on 2011-08-16. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
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Jump up ^ The Canadian Press (1943-08-05). "Nixon Govt. Defeated George Drew Likely To Be Next Premier". The Evening Citizen. Ottawa. p. 40. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Bloom, Chester (1948-06-08). "Ontario Re-elect P.C. Government: Drew's Personal Loss Strengthens Bracken's Tenure". Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. p. 1. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c McNenly, Pat (1961-10-07). "New Party Spurns CCF 'Tory' Setup". Toronto Daily Star. Toronto. pp. 1, 14.
Jump up ^ Star Staff (1961-09-21). "New Party Drafts Plan for Ontario". The Toronto Star. Toronto. p. 01.
^ Jump up to: a b Brydon, Aurthur (1967-10-18). "Articulate NDP candidates win: Opposition surges forward in North but tory bastion holds in the east". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. p. 9.
Jump up ^ Elected: PCs, 51; NDP, 38; Lib, 36: AFTER 30 YEARS, TORY MINORITY Lewis will head official Opposition Williamson, Robert. The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]19 Sep 1975: C1.
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Jump up ^ "Former NDP minister Frances Lankin will make bid for leadership". The Spectator. Hamilton, Ont. February 9, 1996. p. B6.
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Jump up ^ Campbell, Murray (2003-09-30). "Sensing rout of PCs, NDP turning sights on Ontario Liberals". The Globe and Mail. p. A7.
^ Jump up to: a b Mittelstaedt, Martin (2003-10-03). "NDP loses its official status despite surge in popular vote". The Globe and Mail. p. A9.
Jump up ^ The Canadian Press (2003-09-30). "Hampton pleads for minority government". The Globe and Mail.
Jump up ^ Urquhart, Ian (2003-09-17). "Polls show NDP in a tough spot". News. The Toronto Star. p. A6. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
Jump up ^ The Canadian Press (2003-08-19). "CAW head to target Ontario Tories". The Globe and Mail.
Jump up ^ Urquhart, Ian (2003-10-29). "Stifling voice of NDP is hardly democratic". The Toronto Star; News. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
Jump up ^ "NDP takes Hamilton seat from Ontario Liberals". Retrieved 2018-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Tabuns wins tight race against Chin in Danforth". Retrieved 2018-05-14.
Jump up ^ Howlet, Karen; Armina Ligaya (2006-09-15). "NDP thumps Liberals in vicious Ontario by-election". The Globe and Mail. pp. A1, A13.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (2007-02-20). "NDP formula = a perfect 10: Party welcomes 10th MPP after running on appeal to raise minimum wage". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Provincial Party Support Results June 2006: Ontario" (Press release). Environics Research Group Limited. 2006-09-09. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
Jump up ^ "Ontario Liberals Lead by Eight Points" (PDF) (Press release). SES Research. 2007-02-04. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
Jump up ^ "Ontario Politics With Just Over 7 Months To "E" Day Liberals(38%) Lead Tories (33%), NDP (17%) And Green (9%)" (Press release). Ipso Canada. 2007-02-24. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
Jump up ^ "Liberals hang on to lead over Tories, poll shows" (Press release). The Canadian Press. 2007-09-19. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "Post Debate Tory Tumble Gives McGuinty Liberals Ten Point Lead" (Press release). Ipsos-Reid/CanWest/National Post. 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-09-29. These are the findings of an Ipsos Reid poll conducted exclusively for CanWest News Service and Global Television from 25 to 27 Sep 2007. For the survey, a representative randomly selected sample of 800 adults living in Ontario was interviewed by telephone. With a sample of this size, the results are considered accurate to within ± 3.5 percentage points, 19 times out of 20, of what they would have been had the entire adult population living in Ontario been polled. The margin of error will be larger within regions and for other sub-groupings of the survey population. These data were weighted to ensure that the sample's regional and age/sex composition reflects that of the actual Ontarian population according to Census data.
Jump up ^ "Hampton to step down as NDP leader: Sources | The Star". thestar.com. Retrieved 2018-05-14.
Jump up ^ Lehrer, Andrew (2009-02-26). "Andrea Horwath: Can a fresh face change the ONDP's fortunes?". rabble.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Murray (2009-03-07). "Horwath elected Ontario NDP Leader". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (2011-08-05). "Ontario NDP launches first pre-election radio ad". The Toronto Star. Toronto.
Jump up ^ Mueller, Laura (2011-08-26). "NDP government would pay half of Ottawa's transit operations". Your Ottawa Region. Ottawa. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ Howlett, Karen (2011-08-12). "NDP pledges central role for public utility in power deals". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. p. A4.
Jump up ^ "Liberals choose Rae as interim leader". CBCNews. Toronto. 2011-05-25. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
Jump up ^ Siekierski, B. J. (2011-08-18). "NDP can so balance budgets, Ontario leader tells Ottawa crowd". iPolitics. Toronto. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Horwath credited with running positive campaign". CTV News. Ottawa. 2011-10-07. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "No orange crush, but Horwath leads party to solid showing". Hamilton Spectator. Hamilton, Ontario. 2011-10-07. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Ontario NDP Leader Horwath survives leadership review". CBC News. 14 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Andrea Horwath and Ontario's New Democrats" (PDF). Ontario NDP. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Caplan, Gerald (1973). The Dilemma of Canadian Socialism: The CCF in Ontario. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-1896-7.
Lewis, David (1981). The Good Fight: Political Memoirs, 1909–1958. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. ISBN 0-7715-9598-0.
MacDonald, Donald C. (1998). The Happy Warrior: Political Memoirs, 2nd Ed. Toronto: Dundurn Press. pp. 292–296. ISBN 1-55002-307-1.
Smith, Cameron (1989). Unfinished Journey: The Lewis Family. Toronto: Summerhill Press. ISBN 0-929091-04-3.
External links[edit]
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