text:
Flip-flops
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Flip-flop.
A pair of flip-flops
Flip-flops are a type of sandal typically worn as a form of casual wear. They consist of a flat sole held loosely on the foot by a Y-shaped strap that passes between the first and second toes and around both sides of the foot.
This style of footwear has been worn by the people of many cultures throughout the world, originating as early as the ancient Egyptians in 1,500 B.C. The modern flip-flop descends from the Japanese zōri, which became popular after World War II when soldiers returning to the United States brought them back. They became popular unisex summer footwear starting in the 1960s.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Design and custom
4 Health and medical implications and injuries
5 See also
6 References
Etymology[edit]
The term flip-flop has been used in American and British English since the 1970s to describe the thong or no-heel-strap sandal. It is an onomatopoeia of the sound made by the sandals when walking in them.[1] They are called thongs in Australia,[2] jandals (originally a trademarked name derived from "Japanese sandals") in New Zealand,[3] slops in South Africa[4] and tsinelas in the Philippines (or, in some Visayan localities, "smagul", from the word smuggled).
This footwear has a number of other names around the world. In India and Pakistan, flip-flops are commonly known as hawai chappal.[5] The Japanese wear similarly designed, traditional straw sandals known as zōri.[6] Throughout the world, they are known by a variety of other names, including dép tông or dép xỏ ngón in Vietnam, chinelos in Brazil, japonki in Poland, dacas in Somalia, sayonares (σαγιονάρες) in Greece, Schlapfen in Austria, slippers in Hawaii, Trinidad and Tobago and the Netherlands, infradito in Italy, djapanki (джапанки) in Bulgaria,"charlie wote" in Ghana and vietnamki in Russia and Ukraine.[4][7]
History[edit]
Pair of leather thong sandals from the New Kingdom of Egypt (ca. 1550–1307 BC)
Havaianas thong (flip-flop) vending machine in Sydney, Australia
Tabi
Thong sandals have been worn for thousands of years, dating back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian murals from 4,000 BC. A pair found in Europe was made of papyrus leaves and dated to be approximately 1,500 years old. These early versions of flip-flops were made from a wide variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The Masai of Africa made them out of rawhide. In India, they were made from wood. In China and Japan, rice straw was used. The leaves of the sisal plant were used to make twine for sandals in South America, while the natives of Mexico used the yucca plant.[8]
The Ancient Greeks and Romans wore versions of flip-flops as well. In Greek sandals, the toe strap was worn between the first and second toes, while Roman sandals had the strap between the second and third toes. These differ from the sandals worn by the Mesopotamians, with the strap between the third and fourth toes. In India, a related chappal ("toe knob") sandal was common, with no straps but a small knob sitting between the first and second toes. They are known as Padukas[9]
The modern flip-flop became popular in the United States as soldiers returning from World War II brought Japanese zōri with them. It caught on in the 1950s during the postwar boom and after the end of hostilities of the Korean War. As they became adopted into American popular culture, the sandals were redesigned and changed into the bright colors that dominated 1950s design.[10] They quickly became popular due to their convenience and comfort, and were popular in beach-themed stores and as summer shoes.[11] During the 1960s, flip-flops became firmly associated with the beach lifestyle of California. As such, they were promoted as primarily a casual accessory, typically worn with shorts, bathing suits, or summer dresses. As they became more popular, some people started wearing them for dressier or more formal occasions.[9]
In 1962, Alpargatas marketed a version of flip-flops known as Havaianas in Brazil. By 2010, more than 150 million pairs of Havaianas were produced each year.[12] Flip-flops quickly became popular as casual footwear of young adults. Girls would often decorate their flip-flops with metallic finishes, charms, chains, beads, rhinestones, or other jewelry.[13] High-end flip-flops made of leather or sophisticated synthetic materials are commonly worn in place of sneakers or loafers as the standard, everyday article of casual footwear, particularly among teenagers and young adults, although it is not unusual to see older people wearing playful, thick-soled flip-flops in brilliant colors.
A minor controversy erupted in 2005 when some members of Northwestern University's national champion women's lacrosse team visited the White House wearing flip-flops. The team responded to critics by auctioning off their flip-flops on eBay, raising $1,653 for young cancer patient, Jaclyn Murphy of Hopewell Junction, New York, who was befriended by the team.[14] There is still a debate over whether this signaled a fundamental change in American culture — many youth feel that flip-flops are dressier and can be worn in a variety of social contexts, while older generations feel that wearing them at formal occasions signifies laziness and comfort over style.[9] In 2011, while vacationing in his native Hawaii, Barack Obama became the first President of the United States to be photographed wearing a pair of flip-flops.[15][16] The Dalai Lama of Tibet is also a frequent wearer of flip-flops and has met with several U.S. presidents, including George W. Bush and Barack Obama, while wearing the sandals.[17][18]
While exact sales figures for flip-flops are difficult to obtain due to the large number of stores and manufacturers involved, the Atlanta-based company Flip Flop Shops claimed that the shoes were responsible for a $20 billion industry in 2009. Furthermore, sales of flip-flops exceeded those of sneakers for the first time in 2006. If these figures are accurate, it is remarkable considering the low cost of most flip-flops.[19]
Design and custom[edit]
Flip-flops have a very simple design, consisting of a sole with a strap passing between the big and second toes.
The modern flip-flop has a very simple design, consisting of a thin rubber sole with two straps running in a Y shape from the sides of the foot to the gap between the big toe and the one beside it. They typically do not have a strap around the heel, although heeled varieties are available, as well as flip-flops designed for sports, which come with added support common to athletic shoes, with the thong between the toes. Most modern flip-flops are inexpensive, costing as little as $5, or less in some parts of the world.[9]
They are made from a wide variety of materials, as were the ancient thong sandals. The modern sandals are made of more modern materials, such as rubber, foam, plastic, leather, suede, and even fabric.[9] Thongs made of polyurethane have caused some environmental concerns; because polyurethane is a number 7 resin, they can't be easily discarded, and they persist in landfills for a very long time.[20] In response to these concerns, some companies have begun selling flip-flops made from recycled rubber, such as that from used bicycle tires, or even hemp,[21] and some offer a recycling program for used flip flops.[22]
Because of the strap between the toes, flip-flops are typically not worn with socks. In colder weather, however, some people wear flip-flops with toe socks.[23] The Japanese commonly wear tabi, a type of sock with a single slot for the thong, with their zōri.[24]
Health and medical implications and injuries[edit]
While flip-flops do provide the wearer with some mild protection from hazards on the ground, such as hot sand at the beach, glass, thumb tacks or even fungi and wart-causing viruses in locker rooms or community pools, their simple design is responsible for a host of other injuries of the foot and lower leg.[25] In the United Kingdom in 2002, 55,100 individuals went to hospital with flip-flop related injuries.[26] By 2010, there were 200,000 flip-flop related injuries costing the National Health Service in Britain £40 million.[27]
Walking for long periods in flip-flops can be very tough on the feet, resulting in pain in the ankles, legs, and feet.[28] A 2009 study at Auburn University found that flip-flop wearers took shorter steps and their heels hit the ground with less vertical force than those wearing athletic shoes.[29][30][31] Individuals with flat feet or other foot issues are advised to wear a shoe with better support.[32]
The lack of support provided by thong sandals is thought by some to be a major cause of injuries. Some flip-flops have a spongy sole, causing the foot to roll further inward than normal when it hits the ground — an action called over-pronation, which is responsible for many foot problems[citation needed]. Overpronation may also lead to flat feet[citation needed]. Flip-flops can cause a person to overuse the tendons in their feet, resulting in tendonitis.[33] The lack of an ankle strap that holds the foot in place is also a common reason for injury, as this causes wearers to scrunch their toes in an effort to keep the flip-flop in place, which can result in tendonitis.[26]
Ankle sprains or broken bones are also common injuries, due to stepping off a curb or tumbling — the ankle bends, but the flip-flop neither holds on to nor supports it.[33] The straps of the flip-flop may cause frictional issues, such as rubbing, during walking. The open-toed nature of the thongs may result in cuts, scrapes, bruises, or stubbed toes.[34] Despite all of these issues, flip-flops do not have to be avoided completely. Many podiatrists recommend avoiding the inexpensive, drug store varieties and spending more on sandals with thick-cushioned soles, as well as ones that have a strap that's not canvas and that comes back almost to the ankle.[35]
See also[edit]
Find more aboutFlip-flopsat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Sandal
Slipper
Hnyat-phanat (Burmese)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Flip-Flop". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "IT Pro - Information Technology News & Reviews".
Jump up ^ "Morris Yock trademarks the jandal". New Zealand History. 4 October 1957. Retrieved 22 Feb 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Key, A.J. "Jandals, Thongs, Flip Flops & G-strings". Retrieved July 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Khanna, Parul (October 3, 2009). "Hawai chappal the new fashion accessory!". Hindustan Times. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Richmond, Simon; Dodd, Jan; Branscombe, Sophie; Goss, Robert (February 2011). The Rough Guide to Japan. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 9781405389266.
Jump up ^ Ribeiro, Patricia (August 6, 2011). "Havaianas - Brazilian Flip Flops". About.com. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kippen, Cameron (1999). The History of Footwear. Perth, Australia: Department of Podiatry, Curtin University of Technology.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e DeMello, Margo (2009). Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-0-313-35714-5.
Jump up ^ "The History of Flip-Flops". Peche Blu. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cullen, Ed (2006). Letter in a Woodpile. Nashville, Tennessee: Cool Springs Press. ISBN 1591862493.
Jump up ^ Cain, Kathryn (July 30, 2010). "The Timeline: Flip-flops". The Independent. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Peterson, Amy T.; Kellogg, Ann T. (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through American History 1900 to the Present. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-313-35855-5.
Jump up ^ Ward, Julie (September 13, 2005). "Next big step in team spirit: Flip-flops". USA Today. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Appropriate? Obama Becomes First Flip-Flop President". Fox News. January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fermino, Jennifer; Hurt, Charles. (January 5, 2011). "That's quite a feet! Bam first flip-flop president". New York Post. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Lister, Richard (February 19, 2010). "Flip-flop diplomacy with the Dalai Lama". BBC News. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Weisman, Jonathan; Canaves, Skye (February 18, 2010). "Dalai Lama Meets With Obama". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bernhard, Blythe (June 18, 2009). "Flips-flops are bad for your sole". Seattle Times. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bloch, Michael. "Recycling Flip-Flops". Green Living Tips. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Vasil, Adria (2007). Ecoholic: Your Guide to the Most Environmentally Friendly Information, Products and Services In Canada. Toronto: Random House Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36613-9.
Jump up ^ "Flip-Flop Brigade". terracycle.com. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stoller, Debbie (2010). Stitch 'n Bitch Superstar Knitting: Go Beyond the Basics. New York City: Workman Publishing Company. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-7611-3597-5.
Jump up ^ Sosnoski, Daniel (1996). Flip-Flop BrigadeIntroduction to Japanese Culture. Boston, Massachusetts: Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Company. p. 85. ISBN 0-8048-2056-2.
Jump up ^ Csomor, Marina (July 18, 2012). "Flip-flops present feet with a painful problem". CNN. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Wheldon, Julie (August 3, 2006). "Flip flops can damage your health". Daily Mail. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Borland, Sophie (July 29, 2010). "Flip-Flops 'injure 200,000 a year' costing the NHS an astonishing £40m". Daily Mail. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kam, Katherine. "Flip-Flops Fun but Beware of Foot Pain". WebMD. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Shroyer, JF; Weimar, WH (2010). "Comparative analysis of human gait while wearing thong-style flip-flops versus sneakers". Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 100 (4): 251–7. PMID 20660875.
Jump up ^ Shroyer, Justin F.; Robinson, Leah E.; Weimar, Wendi (August 27, 2009). Influence of thong flip‐flops on running kinematics in preschoolers (PDF). Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Penn State University.
Jump up ^ Shroyer, Justin (September 9, 2009). Influence of Various Thong Style Flip-flops on Gait Kinematics and Lower Leg Electromyography (PhD Thesis). Auburn, Alabama: Auburn University. pp. 31–52. hdl:10415/1905.
Jump up ^ Willingham, Val (August 6, 2010). "Flip-flops aren't always easy on the feet". CNN. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Yara, Susan (May 4, 2006). "Skip the Flip-Flops". Forbes. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Watson, Nicole (July 18, 2012). "Study: Comfortable flip-flops causing painful health risks". ABC Action News. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Doctors Warn About Flip-Flops". Click2Houston.com. October 10, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
[show]
v
t
e
Footwear
Men's
dress shoes
Blucher
Brogues
Brothel creepers
Derby
Monks
Oxfords
Slip-ons (Loafers)
Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)
Venetian-style shoes
Winklepickers
Wholecuts
Women's
dress shoes
Ballet flats
Court shoes
High-heeled footwear
Mary Janes
Mojari
Mules
Peep-toe shoes
Saddle shoes
Slingbacks
Slip-ons (Loafers)
Venetian-style shoes
Winklepickers
Other shoes
Driving moccasins
Flip-flops
Galoshes
Platform shoes
Sandals
Self-tying shoes
Slides
Slippers
Veldskoens
Wooden footwear
Bakya
British clogs
Cantabrian albarcas
Clogs
Getas
Klompen
Namaksin
Padukas
Pattens
Sabot
Träskor
Military footwear
Ammunition boots
Bunny boots
Combat boots
Jackboots
Jump boots
Jungle boots
Tanker boots
Trench boots
Sport-related
footwear
Athletic shoes
Ballet shoes
Boat shoes
Climbing shoes
Cross country running shoes
Cycling shoes
Football boots
Ghillies
Hiking boots
Ice skates
Inline skates
Jika-tabi
Kung fu shoe
Minimalist shoes
Motorcycle boots
Mountaineering boots
Plimsolls
Racing flats
Riding boots
Roller shoes
Roller skates
Safari boots
Skate shoes
Ski boots
Sneakers
Swimfins
Water shoes
Wrestling shoes
Fashion boots
Chelsea boots (Beatle boots)
Chukka boots
Go-go boots
Knee-high boots
Over-the-knee boots
Platform boots
Thigh-high boots
Ugg boots
Work boots
Australian work boots
Cowboy boots
Engineer boots
Hip boots
Rigger boots
Steel-toe boots
Waders
Other boots
Jodhpur boots
Wellington boots
Traditional
footwear
Abacas
Abarkas
Alpargatas
Avarcas
Balghas
Bast shoes
Clogs
Espadrilles
Galesh
Giveh
Haferlschuh
Hnyat-phanats
Huarache (shoe)
Hwas
Jorabs
Moccasins
Mojaris
Mukluks
Opanaks
Peshawari chappals
Snowshoes
Valenkis
Warajis
Kolhapuri chappals
Historical footwear
Areni-1 shoes
Buskins
Caligae
Chopines
Crakow (Poulaine)
Hessians
Pampooties
Pirate boots
Sabatons
Shoe construction
Bespoke shoes
Blake construction
Goodyear welt
Socks
Anklets
Bobby socks
Dress socks
Footwraps
Knee highs
Toe socks
Tabi
Lists
List of shoe styles
[show]
v
t
e
Clothing
Historical clothing • Traditional and national clothing
Tops
Blouse
Cache-cœur
Cardigan
Crop top
Dress shirt
Guayabera
Guernsey
Halterneck
Henley shirt
Hoodie
Jersey
Polo shirt
Shirt
Sleeveless shirt
Sweater
Sweater vest
T-shirt
Tube top
Turtleneck
Twinset
Trousers
Bell-bottoms
Bermuda shorts
Bondage pants
Capri pants
Cargo pants
Chaps
Cycling shorts
Dress pants
High water pants
Hotpants
Lowrise pants
Jeans
Jodhpurs
Leggings
Overall
Palazzo pants
Parachute pants
Pedal pushers
Phat pants
Shorts
Slim-fit pants
Sweatpants
Windpants
Yoga pants
Skirts
A-line skirt
Ballerina skirt
Denim skirt
Men's skirts
Miniskirt
Pencil skirt
Prairie skirt
Rah-rah skirt
Sarong
Skort
Tutu
Wrap
Dresses
Ball gown
Bouffant gown
Coatdress
Cocktail dress
Débutante dress
Formal wear
Frock
Evening gown
Gown
House dress
Jumper
Little black dress
Princess line
Sheath dress
Shirtdress
Slip dress
Strapless dress
Sundress
Wedding dress
Wrap dress
Suits and
uniforms
Academic dress
Ball dress
Black tie
Boilersuit
Cleanroom suit
Clerical clothing
Court dress
Gymslip
Jumpsuit
Kasaya
Lab coat
Military uniform
Morning dress
Onesie
Pantsuit
Red Sea rig
Romper suit
School uniform
Scrubs
Stroller
Tuxedo
Vestment
White tie
Outerwear
Apron
Blazer
British Warm
Cagoule
Cape
Chesterfield
Coat
Covert coat
Cut-off
Duffel coat
Flight jacket
Gilet
Goggle jacket
Guards coat
Harrington jacket
Hoodie
Jacket
Jerkin
Leather jacket
Mess jacket
Opera coat
Overcoat
Parka
Paletot
Pea coat
Poncho
Raincoat
Robe
Safari jacket
Shawl
Shrug
Ski suit
Sleeved blanket
Smoking jacket
Sport coat
Trench coat
Ulster coat
Waistcoat
Windbreaker
Underwear
(lingerie)
Top
Bra
Camisole
Undershirt
Bottom
Diaper
Panties
Plastic pants
Slip
Thong
Underpants
Boxer briefs
Boxer shorts
Midway briefs
Briefs
Full
Adult bodysuit
Infant bodysuit
Long underwear
Playsuit
Teddy
Footwear
Boot
Court shoe
Dress shoe
Flip-flops
Hosiery
Sandal
Shoe
Spats
Slipper
Sneakers
Sock
Stocking
Tights
Headwear
Baseball cap
Beret
Cap
Fedora
Hat
Helmet
Hood
Kerchief
Knit cap
Toque
Turban
Veil
Neckwear
Ascot tie
Bow tie
Cravat
Neckerchief
Necktie
Scarf
Nightwear
Babydoll
Blanket sleeper
Negligee
Nightgown
Nightshirt
Pajamas
Swimwear
Bikini
Burkini
Boardshorts
Dry suit
Monokini
One-piece
Rash guard
Square leg suit
Swim briefs
Swim diaper
Trunks
Wetsuit
Accessories
Belt
Coin purse
Cufflink
Cummerbund
Gaiters
Glasses
Gloves
Headband
Handbag
Jewellery
Muff
Pocket protector
Pocket watch
Sash
Sunglasses
Suspenders
Umbrella
Wallet
Wristwatch
See also
Clothing technology
Clothing terminology
Costume
Cross-dressing
Dress code
Fashion
Haute couture
History of clothing
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flip-flops&oldid=802030078"
Categories:
Sandals
1960s fashion
1970s fashion
1980s fashion
1990s fashion
2000s fashion
2010s fashion
Australian fashion
Australian clothing
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Aymar aru
Български
Brezhoneg
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Lumbaart
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
සිංහල
Simple English
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 September 2017, at 14:48.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Flip-flop_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Flip-flop (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: /wiki/File:Thongs.jpg internal Enlarge

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Carbon_dating
mw-redirect
Carbon dating

values:
/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)
mw-redirect
Rawhide (textile)

values:
/wiki/Bathing_suit
mw-redirect
Bathing suit

values:
/wiki/United_States_Dollar
mw-redirect
United States Dollar

values:
/wiki/Sneakers_(footwear)
mw-redirect
Sneakers (footwear)

values:
/wiki/Athletic_shoe
mw-redirect
Athletic shoe

values: Edit section: Health and medical implications and injuries

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)

values: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.pecheblu.com/history.php

values:
nofollow
external text
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8523248.stm

values:
/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal
mw-redirect
Wall Street Journal

values:
/wiki/Seattle_Times
mw-redirect
Seattle Times

values:
/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Boston, Massachusetts

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20660875

values:
nofollow
external text
//hdl.handle.net/10415%2F1905

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Driving_moccasins
mw-redirect
Driving moccasins

values:
/wiki/Platform_boot
mw-redirect
Platform boot

values:
/wiki/Pirate_boots
mw-redirect
Pirate boots

values:
/wiki/Bobby_socks
mw-redirect
Bobby socks

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Dress_pants
mw-redirect
Dress pants

values:
/wiki/High_water_pants
mw-redirect
High water pants

values:
/wiki/Lowrise_pants
mw-redirect
Lowrise pants

values:
/wiki/Square_leg_suit
mw-redirect
Square leg suit

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Flip-flops
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plakkies
Plakkies – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values: زنوبة – Arabic

values:
https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiskhu
Jiskhu – Aymara
ay
ay
interlanguage-link-target

values: Джапанки – Bulgarian

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong
Tong – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xancleta
Xancleta – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-Flop
Flip-Flop – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancleta
Chancleta – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txankleta
Txankleta – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values: دمپایی ابری – Persian

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong
Tong – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infradito
Infradito – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: כפכפים – Hebrew

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infradit
Infradit – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipper
Slipper – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: ビーチサンダル – Japanese

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonki
Japonki – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinelo
Chinelo – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98lap
Șlap – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Вьетнамки – Russian

values: රබර් සෙරෙප්පු – Sinhala

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Flip-flops rootpage-Flip-flops skin-vector action-view


text:
Waluigi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Waluigi
Mario character
First game
Mario Tennis (2000)
Created by
Fumihide Aoki
Voiced by
Charles Martinet (2000–present)
Waluigi (ワルイージ, Waruīji, [ɰa.ɾɯ.iː.ʑi]) (English: /wɑːluˈiːdʒi/) is a character in the Mario franchise. He plays the role of Luigi's arch-rival and accompanies Wario in spin-offs from the main Mario series, often for the sake of causing mischief and problems. He was created by Camelot employee Fumihide Aoki and is voiced by Charles Martinet, who described Waluigi as someone who has a lot of self-pity and would "cheat to win".
Waluigi debuted in the game Mario Tennis as Luigi's rival and Wario's partner. Since then, he would remain a playable character in the main Mario series spin-offs, occasionally causing comedic mischief alongside Wario or antagonizing the rest of the characters, primarily Mario and Luigi. Since his debut, Waluigi has received mixed reception from fans and critics alike.
Contents
[hide]
1 Creation and characteristics
2 Appearances
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Creation and characteristics[edit]
The symbol "Γ" on Waluigi's hat and gloves
Waluigi was created during the development of the game Mario Tennis, to serve as the bitter rival to Luigi. He was created by Fumihide Aoki and is voiced by Charles Martinet.[1] His name is a portmanteau of Luigi's name and the Japanese adjective warui (悪い) meaning "bad"; hence, a "bad Luigi".[2]
Early statements describe Waluigi as "Wario's brains".[citation needed] He is said to be a mischievous, cunning man who dislikes the happiness of other characters.[3] Martinet stated that the cornerstone of Waluigi's personality is one of self-pity, a character who feels that everything goes right for everyone but himself.[4] As displayed in Mario Power Tennis and Mario Hoops 3-on-3, Waluigi features the ability to summon a body of water and swim towards each game's respective ball, which IGN editor Rob Burman described as "baffling".[5]
He is the same age as Luigi,[6] and wears black overalls, a purple long-sleeved shirt, a purple hat with a yellow "Γ" symbol (an inverted L, or a capital Greek letter Gamma, paralleling Wario's W as an upside-down M), orange shoes, and white gloves with a yellow "Γ" symbol as well (the one on the right-hand glove is backwards). When asked whether Waluigi was a brother to Wario, Martinet stated that while he did not know, he felt that they were just "two nice, evil guys who found each other".[7]
Appearances[edit]
Waluigi's first appearance was in the Mario Tennis games for the Game Boy Color and Nintendo 64, as Luigi's supposedly long time rival and Wario's doubles partner; he would remain partners with Wario in all later Mario Tennis games. Later, along with Princess Daisy, he joined the Mario Party series' roster in Mario Party 3, in which he owns an island full of traps and explosives. He has been a playable character in many entries in the series since, as well as various Mario sports games and the Mario Kart series. However, he did not appear in Mario Kart 7, explained by Yasuyuki Oyagi (one of the game's directors) as due to time constraints,[8] but reappeared as a playable character in Mario Kart 8. In several of the various sports games, Waluigi gets exclusive abilities, stages, and/or vehicles, the latter two in the case of the Mario Kart series (in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, for example, there is a track called Waluigi Stadium).[citation needed]
He acts as the main antagonist in Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix, in which he wreaks havoc in the Mushroom Kingdom by pilfering special objects called the Music Keys to hypnotize the world with his dancing, hoping to conquer it and spread chaos.[9] The rest of the keys are held by Blooper, Wario, and Bowser respectively. Despite all of this Waluigi has never been in a major Mario series game that is not sports or puzzle related. In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Waluigi is one of the characters who can be summoned using the Assist Trophy item, and his palette appears as one of Luigi's alternate costumes. Waluigi returns as an Assist Trophy yet again in the sequel, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and his palette appears as an alternate costume for Mario as well as Luigi. During Waluigi's reveal on the official website, game director Masahiro Sakurai jokingly stated that "just because you try hard doesn't mean you'll make it into the battle".[10] Mario Tennis: Power Tour marked the first (and, so far, only) time that he appeared in-game without Wario appearing at all. In Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour and Mario Power Tennis, he holds up the sign for Camelot Software Planning to signify the game developers in the opening movies. Waluigi also appears in Super Mario Maker as an unlockable Mystery Mushroom costume for the Super Mario Bros. style. Although he does not make an appearance in Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, if the player has both the Wario emblem and the Luigi emblem equipped at the same time, Mario will be dressed in the colors of Waluigi. It also happens in Super Mario Odyssey if the player scans a Waluigi amiibo, Mario will wear the outfit that's based on Waluigi's.
Reception[edit]
Since his appearance in Mario Tennis, Waluigi has received mixed reception. Gamervision editor Jonathan Cooper wrote an article entitled the "top ten reasons why Waluigi is awesome", listing such qualities as his developed personality, his role in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, and his role in Mario sports games.[11] In the book "Icons of Horror and the Supernatural: An Encyclopedia of Our Worst Nightmares, Volume 1", author S. T. Joshi cites both Waluigi and Wario as examples of alter egos, also as evidence of how popular it is to feature such character archetypes.[12] IGN editor Matt Casamassina described him as a recognizable mascot to many, but also as a beloved one to Nintendo fans.[13] Hiroyuki Takahashi, a developer for Mario Power Tennis listed him, along with his companion Wario, as his favorite character in Power Tennis, describing them both as detestable heels, adding that he likes characters with more personality.[14] Gamingillustrated.com's writer Greg Johnson, during his article about the upcoming Mario Kart 8, described Waluigi's return as one of the game's bright-sides. The article called "Waluigi: Unwrapping The Enigma" in Gameranx.com dwells in Waluigi's self-pity and ambiguous origins, describing him as one of the most misunderstood characters in videogames, and more than capable of holding his own game.[15] In addition, Steve Haske, from Unwinnable.com wrote an article called " Waa! In Defense Of Waluigi" that discussed Waluigi's partly negative reception, claiming Waluigi to be an even more interesting character than Wario, praising Waluigi for the comic relief he provides and mentioning his absence in Super Smash Bros. Brawl as a sad disrespect to his fans.[16] Evilgeeks.com, a website dedicated towards villains, claimed Waluigi to be Nintendo's most evil character, because of his hatred, greed and power, and wrote that Waluigi should have his own game simply so that we could see what he is capable of.[17] In addition to those articles, venturebeat.com's writer Chris Hoadley wrote an article called "The Greatness Of Waluigi", describing him as the most cynical Mario franchise character, and the greatest one of the last decade. Chris wrote about how Waluigi, despite being constantly ridiculed for his lack of importance, has one of the strongest and most developed personalities of the cast.[18]
Waluigi also receives negative reception. GameDaily listed him as one of the characters they wanted to kill, but couldn't, describing him as "One of the most unimportant characters in video game history".[19] Kotaku editor Mike Fahey commented that Waluigi was his personal most annoying video game character.[20] GamesRadar described Waluigi as a "lame-o villain" in an otherwise great game, referencing Mario Tennis.[21] Editor Henry Gilbert titled his section "Waluigi: The worst character ever", suggesting that the creation process involved the developers of Mario Tennis having no one to fill the final character slot, and conceiving him as an "evil Luigi". He describes such an act as "plunging to the bottom of the intellectual barrel". He also calls Waluigi "disgustingly tall and thin" as opposed to Wario, whom he calls a "fatass". He later states that the staff of GamesRadar feels that Waluigi is seen as "less than legitimate" by Nintendo, who he feels may not find him good enough to appear in a main Mario or Wario title.[22] IGN editor Lucas M. Thomas discussed him as a possible, yet unlikely, candidate for a "second banana" character to be playable in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, commenting that Waluigi, amongst other sidekick characters, are not well-liked.[23] IGN staff, while praising Bowser as one of the most memorable video game villains, criticized both Waluigi and Wario as being "evil twin knockoffs".[24] In 2013, Complex included him among the ten video game characters who look like sex offenders.[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fahey, Mike. "Mario's Voice Yearns For Waluigi Games". Kotaku. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "IGN: Waluigi". Stars.ign.com. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ マリオテニス64 キャラクター ワルイージ (in Japanese). Nintendo.co.jp. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Charles Martinet Celebrates 15 Years of Wario with Kombo". Kombo. 2008-09-15. Archived from the original on 2010-05-09. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
Jump up ^ Burman, Rob (2007-02-09). "Mario Slam Basketball UK Review - Nintendo DS Review at IGN". Ds.ign.com. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ Waluigi's trophy description Super Smash Bros. Melee, HAL Laboratory, Nintendo GameCube, 2001
Jump up ^ "Interview: Charles Martinet Celebrates 15 Years of Wario with Kombo - Kombo.com". Wii.kombo.com. Archived from the original on 2010-05-09. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Waluigi is being "phased out"". Mario Boards. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
Jump up ^ https://miiverse.nintendo.net/posts/AYMHAAACAAAYUKlLqsgn_Q
Jump up ^ "Video Game Blog - Ten Reasons Waluigi is Awesome - Gamervision - How Gamers See the World". Gamervision. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ Icons of horror and the supernatural .. Google Books. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ Casamassina, Matt (2005-10-26). "Dance Dance Revolution Mario Mix - GameCube Review at IGN". Cube.ign.com. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Camelot Talks Mario Power Tennis - GameCube Feature at IGN". Cube.ign.com. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Waluigi: Unwrapping the Enigma". Gameranx. 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ Haske, Steve (2012-05-25). "Defending Waluigi". Unwinnable. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Villain Spotlight: Waluigi... The Most Evil Man on the Planet?". Evil Geeks. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Know Your Role: The Greatness of Waluigi". VentureBeat. 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ Buffa, Chris. "Characters We Wish We Could Kill (But Can't)". GameDaily. AOL. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Jump up ^ "The 15 Most Annoying Game Characters". Kotaku.com. 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "The Top 7... Mario spin-offs". GamesRadar. 2007-11-12. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Luigi: A life in the shadows". GamesRadar. 2009-11-18. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Lucas M. (2007-08-23). "Smash It Up! - Second Bananas - Wii Feature at IGN". Wii.ign.com. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Tuesday: Most Memorable Villains - DS Feature at IGN". Ds.ign.com. 2006-03-07. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
Jump up ^ "10 Video Game Characters Who Look Like Sex Offenders". Complex. 2013-07-13. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
External links[edit]
Book: Mario franchise characters
2000s portal
Mario portal
Fictional characters portal
Video games portal
Waluigi on IMDb
Waluigi on Super Mario Wiki
[hide]
v
t
e
Mario franchise
List of video games featuring Mario
Game series
Main
Super Mario
Mario Kart
Mario Party
Mario Artist
Mario vs. Donkey Kong
Genre
Educational games
Puzzle games
Racing games
Role-playing games
Sports games
Sub-series
Donkey Kong
Luigi
Wario
Yoshi
LCD games
Game & Watch
Other games
Mario Bros.
Pinball
Mario Paint
Hotel Mario
Mario's Game Gallery
Mario Clash
Mario Pinball Land
Super Princess Peach
Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker
Cancelled games
Super Mario's Wacky Worlds
Super Mario 128
Super Mario Spikers
Universe
Characters
Mario
Donkey Kong
Luigi
Toad
Bowser
Princess Peach
Birdo
Koopalings
Princess Daisy
Yoshi
Wario
Diddy Kong
Waluigi
Bowser Jr.
Fawful
Rosalina
Other
Mushroom Kingdom
Recurring enemies
Goomba
Koopa Troopa
Hammer Bro.
Lakitu
Boo
Super Mario Bros. theme
"World 1-1"
Other media
TV series
Nintendo Comics System
Film
Anime film
Super Mario Adventures
Gamebooks
Unofficial media
People
Shigeru Miyamoto
Koji Kondo
Charles Martinet
Satoru Iwata
Takashi Tezuka
Mahito Yokota
See also
Nintendo
Super Smash Bros.
Mario video games
Mario characters
Mario category
Mario portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waluigi&oldid=816007366"
Categories:
Male characters in video games
Mario enemies
Nintendo protagonists
Nintendo antagonists
Video game bosses
Video game sidekicks
Wario
Video game characters introduced in 2000
Mario characters
Hidden categories:
CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)
CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
Pages using deprecated image syntax
Articles containing Japanese-language text
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Català
Español
Français
한국어
Íslenska
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Українська
ייִדיש
Edit links
This page was last edited on 18 December 2017, at 17:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: i

attrs: href title

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: scope style

values: width:22em;float: right; width: 22em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; border-spacing: 3px;

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values:
/wiki/Super_Mario_(series)
mw-redirect
Super Mario (series)

values:
/wiki/Mario_Tennis_(video_game)
mw-redirect
Mario Tennis (video game)

values: Edit section: Creation and characteristics

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Mario_Party_(series)
mw-redirect
Mario Party (series)

values:
/wiki/Mario_Kart:_Double_Dash!!
mw-redirect
Mario Kart: Double Dash!!

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)

values:
/wiki/Dance_Dance_Revolution:_Mario_Mix
mw-redirect
Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix

values: List of recurring Mario franchise enemies

values:
/wiki/Matt_Casamassina
mw-redirect
Matt Casamassina

values:
/wiki/Nintendo_GameCube
mw-redirect
Nintendo GameCube

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mariowiki.com/Waluigi

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: List of non-video game media featuring Mario

values: Super Mario Bros.: Peach-Hime Kyushutsu Dai Sakusen!

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Video game characters introduced in 2000

values: Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)

values: Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Waluigi
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Waluigi&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: والويجي – Arabic

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values: Валуиджи – Russian

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluigi
Waluigi – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: Валуїджі – Ukrainian

values: וואלואידזשי – Yiddish

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Waluigi rootpage-Waluigi skin-vector action-view


text:
Little House on the Prairie (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Little House on the Prairie
Also known as
Little House: A New Beginning
Genre
Western
Drama
Based on
Little House on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder
Developed by
Blanche Hanalis
Directed by
William F. Claxton
Maury Dexter
Victor French
Michael Landon
Leo Penn
Starring
Michael Landon
Melissa Gilbert
Karen Grassle
Melissa Sue Anderson
Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush
Matthew Labyorteaux
Richard Bull
Katherine "Scottie" MacGregor
Alison Arngrim
Jonathan Gilbert
Kevin Hagen
Dabbs Greer
Victor French
Merlin Olsen
Kyle Richards
Dean Butler
Linwood Boomer
Shannen Doherty
Theme music composer
David Rose
Composer(s)
David Rose
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
204 (+ 4 specials) (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Michael Landon
Ed Friendly
Producer(s)
John Hawkins
William F. Claxton
Running time
48-49 minutes
Production company(s)
Ed Friendly Productions
NBC
Distributor
Worldvision Enterprises
CBS Television Distribution (USA)
NBCUniversal International Television Distribution (non-USA and Cozi airings)
MGM Worldwide Television Distribution (non-USA airings)
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
NTSC
Audio format
Monaural
Original release
September 11, 1974 (1974-09-11) – March 21, 1983 (1983-03-21)
Chronology
Preceded by
Little House on the Prairie (film)
Followed by
Little House on the Prairie: A Look Back to Yesterday
Related shows
Father Murphy
Little House on the Prairie (known as Little House: A New Beginning in its final season) is an American western drama television series, starring Michael Landon, Melissa Gilbert, Karen Grassle, and Melissa Sue Anderson, about a family living on a farm in Walnut Grove, Minnesota, in the 1870s and 1880s. The show is an adaptation of Laura Ingalls Wilder's best-selling series of Little House books. Television producer and NBC executive Ed Friendly became aware of the story in the early 1970s. He asked Michael Landon to direct the pilot movie. Landon agreed on the condition that he could also play Charles Ingalls.
The regular series was preceded by the two-hour pilot movie, which first aired on March 30, 1974. The series premiered on the NBC network on September 11, 1974, and last aired on May 10, 1982. During the 1982–83 television season, with the departure of Landon and Grassle, the series was broadcast with the new title Little House: A New Beginning.
In 1997, TV Guide ranked the two-part episode "I'll Be Waving As You Drive Away" at 97 on its 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time list.[1]
A film adaptation of the pilot movie is currently underway at Paramount Pictures,[2] with Sean Durkin as the director, Scott Rudin as the producer, and Abi Morgan as the screenwriter.[3]
Contents
1 Premise
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Notable guest stars
3 Production notes
4 Themes
5 Spin-offs and sequels
5.1 Little House: A New Beginning
5.2 Movie specials
6 Broadcast history
7 Reception
7.1 Nielsen ratings
7.2 Accolades
7.3 Popularity in Spain
8 Other media
8.1 Syndication
8.2 DVD, Blu-ray and Digital Copy releases
8.3 List of releases
9 Announced film adaptation
10 References
11 External links
Premise[edit]
Main article: List of Little House on the Prairie episodes
Based on the autobiographical "Little House" stories, episodes of Little House on the Prairie usually concern members of the Ingalls family, who live on a small farm near the village of Walnut Grove, Minnesota. Many episodes concern the maturation of the family's second daughter, Laura. However, episodes also focus on other family and community members, providing a depiction of life in a small agrarian community in late nineteenth-century America. The show's central characters are Charles Ingalls (farmer and mill worker), his wife Caroline, and their three daughters, Mary, Laura, and Carrie, though the family expands with the birth of daughter Grace and adoption of son Albert in season five, as well as the adoption of birth siblings Cassandra and James at the end of season seven (a son, Charles "Freddy" Jr., was also born, but died as an infant).
Other essential characters include the Oleson family: Nels, proprietor of the town's general store, Oleson's Mercantile; his malicious, gossiping wife, Harriet, who runs the Mercantile with him; and their three children, Nellie, Willie, and Nancy; Isaiah Edwards, Grace Snider Edwards and their three children; the Garvey family, Jonathan, Alice, and Andy; Rev. Robert Alden; Lars Hanson, the town's founder and proprietor of the town's mill; and Dr. Hiram Baker, the town's physician. Teacher-turned-lawyer Adam Kendall is introduced at the end of season four and later weds Mary Ingalls, and Almanzo Wilder is introduced in season six and later weds Laura Ingalls.
Cast and characters[edit]
Melissa Gilbert as Laura Ingalls, 1975
Main article: List of Little House on the Prairie characters
Melissa Gilbert has the most appearances of the series, a total of 190 of the 204 episodes. Michael Landon appeared in all but four episodes of seasons one through eight, but departed from being a regular part of the cast when the show was retooled as Little House: A New Beginning (season nine).
Main cast[edit]
Michael Landon as Charles Ingalls
Karen Grassle as Caroline Quiner Ingalls (seasons 1–8, one Post-series movie)
Melissa Gilbert as Laura Ingalls Wilder
Melissa Sue Anderson as Mary Ingalls Kendall (seasons 1–7, 8)
Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush as Carrie Ingalls (seasons 1–8)
Matthew Labyorteaux as Albert (Quinn) Ingalls (seasons 5–9, one Post-series movie)
Richard Bull as Nels Oleson
Katherine "Scottie" MacGregor as Harriet Oleson
Alison Arngrim as Nellie Oleson Dalton (seasons 1-7, 9)
Jonathan Gilbert as Willie Oleson
Victor French as Isaiah Edwards (seasons 1–3, 6, 8–9, two Post-series movies)
Bonnie Bartlett as Grace Snider Edwards (seasons 1–3, 6)
Kevin Hagen as Dr. Hiram Baker
Dabbs Greer as Rev. Robert Alden
Charlotte Stewart as Eva Beadle Simms (seasons 1–4)
Karl Swenson as Lars Hanson (seasons 1–5)
Radames Pera as John (Sanderson, Jr.) Edwards (seasons 2 & 3)
Brian Part as Carl (Sanderson) Edwards (seasons 2 & 3)
Kyle Richards as Alicia (Sanderson) Edwards (seasons 2–3, 6, 8)
Merlin Olsen as Jonathan Garvey (seasons 4–7)
Hersha Parady as Alice Garvey (seasons 4–6)
Patrick Labyorteaux as Andrew "Andy" Garvey (seasons 4–7)
Linwood Boomer as Adam Kendall (seasons 4–8)
Ketty Lester as Hester-Sue Terhune (seasons 5–9)
Wendi and Brenda Turnbaugh as Grace Ingalls (seasons 5–8)
Dean Butler as Almanzo Wilder (seasons 6–9, three post series movies)
Lucy Lee Flippin as Eliza Jane Wilder (seasons 6–8)
Allison Balson as Nancy Oleson (seasons 8 & 9, three Post-series movies)
Jason Bateman as James (Cooper) Ingalls (seasons 7 & 8)
Missy Francis as Cassandra (Cooper) Ingalls (seasons 7 & 8)
Shannen Doherty as Jenny Wilder (season 9, three post series movies)
Steve Tracy as Percival Dalton, character Nellie Oleson's husband, in the early 1980's.
Notable guest stars[edit]
Many actors, who were either well-known or went on to become famous, guest-starred on the show.
Willie Aames (episode 3.15)
Anne Archer (episode 1.17)
Hermione Baddeley (3 episodes)
Jonathan Banks (episode 6.16)
Billy Barty (2 episodes)
Peter Billingsley (episode 8.12)
Dirk Blocker (episode 1.9)
Ray Bolger (2 episodes, S5)
Ernest Borgnine (episode 1.13/14)
Christopher Bowman (episodes 5.9, 5.18)
Todd Bridges (episode 3.18)
Red Buttons (episode 1.19)
Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash (episode 3.1)
Charles Cioffi (episode 5.22)
Michael Conrad (episode 4.8)
Keith Coogan (episode 7.15)
James Cromwell (episode 7.1)
David Faustino (episode 7.5)
Gil Gerard (episode 4.4)
Louis Gossett, Jr. (episode 2.18)
Moses Gunn as Joe Kagan (5 episodes)
Jerry Hardin (episode 5.23)
Melora Hardin (episodes 8.1/2, Look Back to Yesterday)
Mariette Hartley (episode 2.19)
John Hillerman (episode 5.8)
Rance Howard (episode 3.13)
Ernie Hudson (episode 8.8)
Rick Hurst (episode 1.3)
John Ireland (episode 3.4)
Burl Ives (episode 3.10)
Ford Rainey (episodes 2.2, 4.21)
Richard Jaeckel (episodes 2.18, 7.17/18)
Jack Kruschen (episode 8.6)
Katy Kurtzman (episodes 3.19, 4.16)
Charles Lane (episode 9.3)
Sheila Larken (episode 9.13)
Robert Loggia (episode 9.4)
Mike Lookinland (episode 4.4)
Chuck McCann (episode 1.11)
Vera Miles (episode 9.19)
Richard Mulligan (episode 2.21)
Patricia Neal (episode 2.7)
James Olson (episode 6.10)
Sean Penn (uncredited student extra)
Eddie Quillan (7 episodes)
Anne Ramsey (episode 5.1)
Nick Ramus (episode 4.13)
Kim Richards (episode 1.7)
James B. Sikking (episode 3.17)
Queenie Smith (5 episodes)
Madeleine Stowe (episode 7.6)
Robert Torti (episode 8.6)
Mitch Vogel (episode 1.23)
M. Emmet Walsh (episode 8.8)[4]
Collin Wilcox (episode 4.7)
Harris Yulin (episode 1.20)
and three of Landon's children:
Michael Landon, Jr. (episode 3.20)
Leslie Landon (4 guest episodes)
Shawna Landon (Little House Years / episode 9.15; both uncredited)
Production notes[edit]
Of the 204 episodes, Michael Landon directed the largest number at 87; producer William F. Claxton handled the majority of the remaining shows at 68, while co-star Victor French helmed 18. Maury Dexter (who was often an assistant director) and Leo Penn directed the remaining episodes at 21 and 3 episodes respectively.
Interior shots were filmed at Paramount studios in Los Angeles, while exteriors were largely filmed at the nearby Big Sky Ranch in Simi Valley, where the town of Walnut Grove had been constructed. Many other filming locations were also used during the course of the series including Old Tucson Studios and various locations in Sonora, California. Many of the exterior shots of Walnut Grove and the other Minnesota towns shown in the series have noticeable mountain terrain in the background of the scenes. In actuality the southern Minnesota landscape, where the show is supposed to take place, there are no tall mountains.
The series theme song was titled The Little House and was written and conducted by David Rose. The ending theme music, also written by Rose, originally appeared as a piece of incidental music in a later-season episode of Michael Landon's previous long-running series, Bonanza.
Themes[edit]
Little House explored many different themes including frequently portrayed ones of adoption, alcoholism, faith, poverty, blindness, and prejudice of all types including racism. Some plots also include subjects such as drug addiction (i.e. morphine), leukemia, child abuse, and even rape. Although predominantly a drama, the program has many lighthearted and comedic moments as well.
Some of the episodes written by Michael Landon were recycled storylines from ones that he had written for Bonanza. Season two's "A Matter of Faith" was based on the Bonanza episode "A Matter of Circumstance"; season five's "Someone Please Love Me" was based on the Bonanza episode "A Dream To Dream"; season seven's "The Silent Cry" was based on the Bonanza episode "The Sound of Sadness"; season eight's "He Was Only Twelve" was based on the Bonanza episode "He Was Only Seven"; and season nine's "Little Lou" was based on the Bonanza episode "It's A Small World".
Spin-offs and sequels[edit]
Little House: A New Beginning[edit]
When Michael Landon decided to leave the show (though he stayed on as executive producer and occasional writer and director), season nine was renamed, the focus was put on the characters of Laura and Almanzo, and more characters were added to the cast. A new family, the Carters (Stan Ivar as John, Pamela Roylance as Sarah, Lindsay Kennedy as older son Jeb, and David Friedman as younger son Jason), move into the Ingalls house. Meanwhile, Almanzo and Laura take in their niece, Jenny Wilder, when Almanzo's brother dies and raise her alongside their daughter, Rose. The Wilders appear prominently in some episodes, while in others they appear only in early scenes used to introduce the story or its characters. The explanation given for the original characters' absence was that they moved to Burr Oak, Iowa, to pursue a promising life. The show lost viewers, and this version of the series was canceled after one season. However, the show lived on for another 1.5 years in movie format.
Movie specials[edit]
Three made-for-television post-series movies followed during the 1983-84 television season: Little House: Look Back to Yesterday (1983), Little House: The Last Farewell (1984), and Little House: Bless All the Dear Children (1984).
In The Last Farewell, Charles and Caroline decide to visit Walnut Grove. They learn that a railroad tycoon actually holds the deed to the township, and he wants to take it over for his own financial gain. Despite their best efforts, the townspeople are unable to drive the businessman away. At a town meeting, John Carter offers a supply of explosives that he has. Each man takes turn blowing up his own building in an emotional farewell to the town.[5]
When asked why the set was blown up, the show's producer, Kent McCray, said that when the series started, he made an agreement with the property owners that at the end of the series he would put the acreage back to its original state. When the production crew were estimating the cost of dismantling all the buildings, Michael Landon thought for a while and said, "What if we blow up the town? That would get the buildings all in pieces and you can bring in your equipment to pick up the debris and cart it away." He then said that he would write it where they blow up all the buildings, except for the little house and the church. Both McCray and Landon wept as the town blew up.[6]
Bless All the Dear Children was filmed prior to The Last Farewell, but ended up being the last of the three movies to air.[7] Given its Christmas-related content, NBC opted to air it during the following Christmas season.
Two other Little House movies were made in conjunction with the Landon series: the 1974 pilot for the program and The Little House Years (1979), a Thanksgiving special/clip show that aired in the middle of season six.
Broadcast history[edit]
For the first two seasons, the show was aired on Wednesday nights at 8pm ET/7pm CT, to moderate ratings. In 1976, the series became a Monday night staple on NBC; after the move, it remained in the top 30 for the rest of its run.
Reception[edit]
Nielsen ratings[edit]
Season 1 (1974–75): #13[8]
Season 2 (1975–76): Not in top 30[9]
Season 3 (1976–77): #15
Season 4 (1977–78): #7[10]
Season 5 (1978–79): #14[11]
Season 6 (1979–80): #16[12]
Season 7 (1980–81): #10[13]
Season 8 (1981–82): #24 (Tied with: The Facts of Life)
Season 9 (1982–83): #28
Accolades[edit]
1978: Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography in Entertainment Programming for a Series, Ted Voigtlander, episode "The Fighter"[14]
1979: Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Series, Ted Voigtlander, episode "The Craftsman"[14]
1979: Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series, David Rose, episode "The Craftsman"
1980: TP de Oro, Spain, Mejor Actriz Extranjera (Best Foreign Actress), Melissa Sue Anderson[citation needed]
1981: Western Writers of America Spur Award for Best TV Script, Michael Landon, episode "May We Make Them Proud"[citation needed]
1982: Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore), David Rose, episode "He Was Only Twelve" (Part 2)
1983: Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress in a Drama Series, Melissa Gilbert
1984: Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress in a Drama Series, Melissa Gilbert
Popularity in Spain[edit]
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, La Casa de la Pradera (Little House on the Prairie) was one of Spanish Television's most popular series. In 1976 Karen Grassle (Caroline Quiner Ingalls) won Spanish television's prestigious TP de Oro award for best foreign actress, and the series itself won for best foreign series; Melissa Sue Anderson (Mary Ingalls) won the TP de Oro in 1980 thanks in part to the enhanced profile she received as a result of her visit to Spain and her appearance on Spanish Television's 625 Lineas program in early 1979. The continued popularity of the show led to the appearance of Katherine MacGregor (Harriet Oleson) on 625 Lineas and Ding Dong in 1980.
Other media[edit]
Syndication[edit]
The show remains popular in syndicated reruns and has been on the air in the U.S. continuously since its original run. In addition to airing on local stations, it has been airing multiple times each day on INSP[15] and Hallmark Channel.[16] In the past, it has aired on TV Land and TBS. As of September 19, 2016, the show is currently airing on COZI TV four times daily, with the exception of Seasons eight and nine.
In the U.S., television syndication rights are currently owned by CBS Television Distribution. Originally, NBC licensed these rights to Worldvision Enterprises, since networks could not own syndication arms at the time. As a result of corporate changes, Paramount Domestic Television and CBS Paramount Domestic Television would inherit the rights via Spelling Entertainment, finally passing to CTD in 2007. In Canada, reruns of the series began airing weeknights on CTS, a Christian-based network, as of September 1, 2008.
Because of its historical context and its connection to the book series, it is deemed acceptable for use by the FCC to meet federal E/I programming guidelines. The show is typically stripped (run five days a week) in syndication, which is enough to completely cover a TV station's E/I requirements and more.
NBC owns ancillary rights and thus is the worldwide licensor for DVD rights as well. Sister company NBCUniversal International Television and MGM Worldwide Television Distribution distributes the series internationally.
DVD, Blu-ray and Digital Copy releases[edit]
The entire series has been released on standard-definition DVD, high-definition Blu-ray, and on both standard and high-definition Digital Copy. In addition, some individual episodes have been released on DVD and VHS. Starting with Season 7, the Blu-ray's are only available exclusively through Amazon.com.
There are multiple DVD sets which are noticeably different from one another. The original DVD sets sold in the U.S. and Canada were released under license from NBCUniversal by Imavision Distribution, a company based in Quebec. A majority of the episodes in the original North American DVD versions had scenes cut from the episodes—these were derived from the syndicated television versions by Worldvision Enterprises, the series' former distributor. Other episodes were time-compressed and are NTSC-converted video prints from UK PAL masters, while others were derived from 16MM syndication prints, also from Worldvision. Only a handful of episodes in the original sets were in their original uncut versions. The episodes in these original sets are also known to have relatively poor video quality, such as tracking lines, as well as audio problems, though the quality issues are not as pronounced in the first few seasons as they are in the later seasons. The first three seasons of the old sets notably are also missing closed-captioning.
These original North American DVD sets included interviews with former cast members Alison Arngrim, Dabbs Greer and Dean Butler. For the original movies & complete series sets, Imavision provided numerous additional special features including additional interviews with many of the cast members such as Melissa Gilbert and Melissa Sue Anderson and specials highlighting Michael Landon, the casting of the show, and more. Imavision also released a French-language version of the series. Both versions are in NTSC color and coded for all regions. Later copies of these original sets were distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment following their acquisition of Imavision, but these should not be confused with the Lionsgate re-releases described below. The DVD sets sold in the United Kingdom were released by Universal Playback (a Universal Studios Home Entertainment label); this version is in PAL color and coded for region 2. Unlike the original North American DVD sets, the UK version contains mostly uncut episodes.
In 2014, Lionsgate Home Entertainment began re-releasing the series in North America on DVD, and also for the first time, in high definition on Blu-ray, as well as Digital Copy through providers such as Vudu and Amazon Video. These new releases, which are stated to come direct from the original broadcast masters, contain mostly uncut episodes and are remastered to have superior picture and sound. The Blu-rays, with their high bitrate, high definition 1080p picture (as opposed to standard definition picture on the DVDs) currently provide the best viewing experience of the show that is commercially available. The first six seasons on Blu-ray notably also contain lossless audio as opposed to the compressed audio on the DVDs. Starting with Season 7, Lionsgate chose to only release the remaining Blu-ray's exclusively through Amazon.com. In the process, they made several other changes to the Blu-ray's including compressing the audio (though with a relatively high bitrate), simplifying the on-screen disc menus, and eliminating the slipcovers and included Digital Copy codes that had been present for the previous seasons.
The newer Lionsgate remastered sets all contain English, French, and Spanish audio as well as English subtitles. They do not include the special features present on the earlier non-remastered releases, but rather seasons 1 through 6 each contain a roughly 15 minute segment of a special called "The Little House Phenomenon". Season 1 also contains the original Pilot movie. Season 7 contains no special features. Seasons 8 & 9 contain the three post-series movie specials as extras, with "Look Back to Yesterday" and "The Last Farewell" appearing on Season 8, and "Bless All The Dear Children" appearing on Season 9. Some fans of the show have been perplexed as to why Lionsgate did this, both because all of the movies take place after the Season 9 timeline, and also because they included "The Last Farewell" on Season 8 when that is considered by fans to be the end to the show given its significant and memorable ending. Lionsgate's decision as to which movies to include on which season appears to have been based on broadcast order rather than production order, since "Bless All The Dear Children" was the last episode broadcast even though "The Last Farewell" was the last one produced. None of the available releases of the series contain "Little House Years", which was a three-hour Thanksgiving special aired during Season 6 that largely consisted of flashback clips.
While the re-releases are substantially better than what was previously available, there are a handful of episodes that still were released in edited form or contain other problems. The most significant of these, affecting all formats of the remastered releases, include over 3 minutes missing from the Season 7 episode, "Divorce, Walnut Grove Style," almost 4 minutes missing from Season 9's "Home Again," and extremely low volume of the townspeoples' singing on the English audio of the last scene of the final movie, "The Last Farewell."[17]
List of releases[edit]
Name
No. of
episodes
Originally aired
DVD release dates
Remastered DVD & Blu-ray release date
Digital Copy release date
Region 1
Region 2
Region 1
Region 1
Season 1 24 1974–1975 July 8, 2003 July 25, 2005 March 25, 2014 March 25, 2014
Season 2 22 1975–1976 July 8, 2003 March 27, 2006 May 6, 2014 May 6, 2014
Season 3 22 1976–1977 November 4, 2003 March 10, 2008 September 9, 2014 September 9, 2014
Season 4 22 1977–1978 February 17, 2004 May 26, 2008 January 20, 2015 September 9, 2014
Season 5 24 1978–1979 June 29, 2004 August 4, 2008 April 14, 2015 September 9, 2014
Season 6 24 1979–1980 October 26, 2004 May 3, 2010 July 14, 2015 September 9, 2014
Season 7 22 1980–1981 February 15, 2005 July 17, 2010 October 6, 2015 (DVD)
December 22, 2015 (Blu-ray) September 9, 2014
Season 8 22 1981–1982 June 14, 2005 March 20, 2011 January 19, 2016 (DVD)
March 22, 2016 (Blu-ray) September 9, 2014
Season 9 22 1982–1983 November 1, 2005 January 20, 2012 April 19, 2016 September 9, 2014
3-Movie
Box Set 3 movies 1983–1984 November 28, 2006 None (but is in Complete set) September 13, 2016 (DVD only) September 13, 2016
The Complete
Television Series 204 1974–1984 November 11, 2008 October 7, 2015 (Dutch import) October 6, 2015 (DVD only) September 9, 2014
Announced film adaptation[edit]
Main article: Little House on the Prairie (feature film)
In October 2012, Sony Pictures announced that a film based on the series's pilot is under development, with Scott Rudin as the producer.[18] However, the film was later on turnaround to Paramount Pictures in 2016, where the film resumed development.[19] [20] It has Sean Durkin as the director and Abi Morgan as the screenwriter, although Rudin is still the film’s producer. [21] No actors have been selected or joined the cast yet.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Special Collectors' Issue: 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time". TV Guide (June 28 – July 4). 1997. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "'Little House on the Prairie' Movie Lands at Paramount (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ "Little House On The Prairie set for big screen reboot by Paramount". Mail Online. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ "Little House on the Prairie Season 8 Episode 8 Chicago". TV.com. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Last Farewell Summary". CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Parker, Lennon. "The REAL story of the destruction of Walnut Grove". Prairie Fans. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Melissa (2009). Prairie Tale: A Memoir (pp. 141-142). Simon Spotlight Entertainment.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings - 1974".
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings - 1975".
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings - 1977".
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings - 1978".
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings - 1979".
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings - 1980".
^ Jump up to: a b "Ted Voigtlander, 75; Won Emmys for 'Little House' Cinematography". Los Angeles Times. December 11, 1988. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shows Archive - INSP TV - Family-Friendly Entertainment - TV Shows and Movies". www.insp.com.
Jump up ^ "Hallmark Channel Removes Happy Days for Dramas; Sitcom Stars on Talk Shows (Week of April 29, 2013) - SitcomsOnline.com News Blog". sitcomsonline.com.
Jump up ^ "Blu-ray.com forum - Little House on the Prairie: Seasons 1-10".
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (2016-01-26). "'Little House on the Prairie' Movie in the Works at Paramount". Variety. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ Dawn, Randee. "Grab your bonnets! 'Little House on the Prairie' is heading to the big screen". TODAY.com. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ Lee, Benjamin (2016-01-27). "Little House on the Prairie movie back in development". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ "'Little House on the Prairie' Movie Lands at Paramount (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Little House on the Prairie (TV series).
Television in the United States portal
1970s portal
1980s portal
Little House on the Prairie on IMDb
Little House: Look Back to Yesterday on IMDb
Little House: The Last Farewell on IMDb
Little House: Bless All the Dear Children on IMDb
The Illustrated Little House on the Prairie Episode Guide
Little House on the Prairie Official Website
hide
v
t
e
Laura Ingalls Wilder
Little House
on the Prairie
Books
Little House in the Big Woods (1932)
Farmer Boy (1933)
Little House on the Prairie (1935)
On the Banks of Plum Creek (1937)
By the Shores of Silver Lake (1939)
The Long Winter (1940)
Little Town on the Prairie (1941)
These Happy Golden Years (1943)
On the Way Home (1962, posthumous)
The First Four Years (1971)
West from Home (1974)
Old Town in the Green Groves (2002)
A Little House Traveler (2006)
Characters
Mr. Edwards
Nellie Oleson
Robert Alden
Other
Live-action TV series
pilot
episodes
Animated TV series
TV films
TV miniseries
Musical
Little House Wayside
Locations
Family
Charles Ingalls
Caroline Ingalls
Mary Ingalls
Carrie Ingalls
Grace Ingalls
Almanzo Wilder
Rose Wilder Lane
Other
Young Pioneers
novel
pilot
miniseries
Christmas special
Free Land
Highway
Medal
William Anderson
Authority control
BNF: cb13506393j (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little_House_on_the_Prairie_(TV_series)&oldid=854643732"
Categories:
1974 American television series debuts
1983 American television series endings
1970s American drama television series
1980s American drama television series
Little House on the Prairie (TV series)
English-language television programs
NBC network shows
Period family drama television series
Period television series
Television programs based on American novels
Television series by CBS Television Studios
Television series by Universal Television
Television series set in the 1870s
Television series set in the 1880s
Television shows set in Minnesota
Western (genre) television series
Hidden categories:
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Lietuvių
Magyar
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
18 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 August 2018, at 20:44 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Dramatic_programming
mw-redirect
Dramatic programming

values: List of Little House on the Prairie episodes

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
/wiki/American_television
mw-redirect
American television

values:
/wiki/100_Greatest_Episodes_of_All_Time
mw-redirect
100 Greatest Episodes of All Time

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: List of Little House on the Prairie characters

values:
/wiki/Albert_Quinn_Ingalls
mw-redirect
Albert Quinn Ingalls

values:
/wiki/Missy_Francis
mw-redirect
Missy Francis

values:
/wiki/Louis_Gossett,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Louis Gossett, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Michael_Landon,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Michael Landon, Jr.

values: -moz-column-width: 22em; -webkit-column-width: 22em; column-width: 22em;

values: Edit section: Little House: A New Beginning

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/The_Inspiration_Network
mw-redirect
The Inspiration Network

values:
/wiki/TBS_(TV_network)
mw-redirect
TBS (TV network)

values: Financial Interest and Syndication Rules

values:
/wiki/Spelling_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Spelling Entertainment

values:
/wiki/Crossroads_Television_System
mw-redirect
Crossroads Television System

values:
/wiki/Stripping_(television)
mw-redirect
Stripping (television)

values: Edit section: DVD, Blu-ray and Digital Copy releases

values:
/wiki/Digital_Copy
mw-redirect
Digital Copy

values: Little House on the Prairie (feature film)

values:
/wiki/Simon_Spotlight_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Simon Spotlight Entertainment

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.insp.com/tv-shows

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: commons:Category:Little House on the Prairie (TV series)

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071007/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085855/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087631/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087630/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://lhop.steve-p.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://littlehouseontheprairie.com/
external text

values: List of Little House on the Prairie books

values: Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder

values: Little House on the Prairie (miniseries)

values: List of Little House on the Prairie locations

values:
/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder_Medal
mw-redirect
Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Category:1974 American television series debuts

values: Category:1983 American television series endings

values: Category:1970s American drama television series

values: Category:1980s American drama television series

values: Category:Little House on the Prairie (TV series)

values: Category:Period family drama television series

values: Category:Television programs based on American novels

values: Category:Television series by CBS Television Studios

values: Category:Television series by Universal Television

values: Category:Television series set in the 1870s

values: Category:Television series set in the 1880s

values: Category:Television shows set in Minnesota

values: Category:Western (genre) television series

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: بيت صغير على المرج (مسلسل) – Arabic

values: Little House on the Prairie (sèrie de televisió) – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Det lille hus på prærien (tv-serie) – Danish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Väike maja preerias (telesari) – Estonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Το Μικρό Σπίτι στο Λιβάδι (τηλεοπτική σειρά) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: Little House on the Prairie (serie de televisión) – Spanish

values: Little House on the Prairie (telesaila) – Basque

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: خانه کوچک (مجموعه تلویزیونی) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: La Petite Maison dans la prairie – French

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values: Little House on the Prairie (serial televisi) – Indonesian

values: Húsið á sléttunni (sjónvarpsþættir) – Icelandic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: בית קטן בערבה (סדרת טלוויזיה) – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Namelis prerijose (TV serialas) – Lithuanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: 大草原の小さな家 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Domek na prerii (serial telewizyjny) – Polish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Little House on the Prairie – Portuguese

values: Маленький домик в прериях (телесериал) – Russian

values: Little House on the Prairie (TV serija) – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: Pieni talo preerialla (televisiosarja) – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Lilla huset på prärien (TV-serie) – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Ngôi nhà nhỏ trên thảo nguyên (phim truyền hình) – Vietnamese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Little_House_on_the_Prairie_TV_series rootpage-Little_House_on_the_Prairie_TV_series skin-vector action-view