text:
St. Mary of the Assumption High School
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Saint Mary of the Assumption High School
Princeps schola Assumptionis Sanctae Mariae
Address
237 South Broad Street
Elizabeth, NJ, (Union County) 07202-3403
Coordinates
40°39′29″N 74°12′57″W / 40.65806°N 74.21583°W / 40.65806; -74.21583Coordinates: 40°39′29″N 74°12′57″W / 40.65806°N 74.21583°W / 40.65806; -74.21583
Information
Type
Private, Coeducational
Motto
Celebrating Our Past, Focused on Our Future!
Religious affiliation(s)
Roman Catholic
Established
1930
Founder
Sisters of Charity
School district
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Superintendent
Dr. Margaret Dames
Principal
David Evans
Asst. principal
Daniel Kelly
Pastor
Father Manuel D. Rios
Faculty
14.5 FTEs[1]
Grades
9–12
Enrollment
200 (as of 2013-14)[1]
Average class size
15
Student to teacher ratio
13.8:1[1]
Color(s)
Blue and
white[2]
Song
The Bells of St. Mary's
Athletics
Basketball, Cheerleading, Bowling, Step Team, Baseball, Softball
Athletics conference
Union County Interscholastic Athletic Conference
Team name
Hilltoppers[2]
Rival
The Patrick School
Accreditation
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools[3]
Newspaper
Hilltopper
Yearbook
Ave Maria
Tuition
$8,000 (2016-17)[4]
Admissions Director
Jaime de Leon
Athletic Director
Steve Yensinko
Website
http://www.stmaryhsnj.org
St. Mary of the Assumption High School is a small Catholic high school on Broad Street in Elizabeth, in Union County, New Jersey, United States. The old high school building consists of a three-story brick building with a basement serving as additional classroom space for a total of four floors of education space. The school is affiliated with its parent parish, St. Mary's Church, and operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[5] The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1992.[3]
As of the 2013-14 school year, the school had an enrollment of 200 students and 14.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.8:1. The school's student body was 3.0% White, 57.5% Black, 32.0% Hispanic, 1.5% Asian, 0.5% Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 5.5% two or more races.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Athletics
2 Notable alumni
3 References
4 External links
Athletics[edit]
The St. Mary of the Assumption High School Hilltoppers[2] compete in the Union County Interscholastic Athletic Conference, which includes public and private high schools in Union County and operates under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA).[6][7] Prior to the 2010 NJSIAA's realignment, the school had participated in the Mountain Valley Conference, which consisted of public and parochial high schools covering Union County and Essex County in northern New Jersey.[8]
School colors are blue and white. The school is classified as Non-Public Group B for competition purposes. Sports offered include baseball (men), basketball (men and women), bowling (men and women).[2]
Notable alumni[edit]
Chris Bollwage (born 1955; class of 1972), mayor of Elizabeth, New Jersey.[9]
Hubie Brown (born 1933; class of 1951), two-time NBA Coach of the Year (1978, 2004) and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame.[10]
Chuck Feeney (born 1931, class of 1949), businessman, philanthropist and the founder of The Atlantic Philanthropies, one of the largest private foundations in the world; his 2016 donation of $250,000 was the largest in school history.[11]
Kevin M. Tucker (1940-2012), Commissioner of the Philadelphia Police Department from 1986 to 1988.[12]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d School data for St. Mary of the Assumption High School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed August 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Saint Mary of the Assumption High School, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed December 7, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Saint Mary of the Assumption High School, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools. Accessed July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Tuition, Saint Mary of the Assumption High School. Accessed August 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Union County Catholic High Schools, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ League & Conference Affiliations 2016-2017, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed January 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Home page, Union County Interscholastic Athletic Conference. Accessed July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Home Page, Mountain Valley Conference, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 2, 2011. Accessed December 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Staff. "Tour De Elizabeth", Hilltopper Newsletter, Spring 2015, Volume 12, Issue 1. Accessed August 6, 2015. "Ashley Bolivard ('16), Elizabeth Mayor Chris Bollwage ('72), Nicole Fernandes ('16) and Xavier Sanchez ('15)"
Jump up ^ Staff. "Basketball Hall Of Famer Returns To Visit St. Mary's ", NJToday.net, November 16, 2011. Accessed December 1, 2014. "In October, Hubie and Claire Brown visited St. Mary of the Assumption High School in Elizabeth. Hubie, a Basketball Hall of Fame inductee, former NBA coach and current TV analyst, is a 1951 graduate of St. Mary's."
Jump up ^ Haydon, Tom. "Billionaire remembers his Elizabeth high school with $250K donation", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, November 12, 2016. Accessed January 6, 2017. "On Thursday, the international foundation Feeney started, Atlantic Philanthropies, gave $250,000 to his alma mater, St. Mary of Assumption High School in Elizabeth. The donation is the largest single contribution to the high school, St. Mary officials said. Feeney graduated from the school in 1949 and his desire to donating to others was inspired from his time at the school, Christopher Oechsli the president and CEO of the Atlantic Philanthropies, told St. Mary students."
Jump up ^ Warner, Bob. "Former Police Commissioner Kevin M. Tucker dies at 71", The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 20, 2012. Accessed July 6, 2012. "He was one of six children born to Irish immigrants William and Catherine Tucker. The family moved to Rahway, N.J., and Mr. Tucker attended St. Mary High School in Elizabeth."
External links[edit]
St. Mary of the Assumption High School
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text:
Red squirrel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Eurasian species of squirrel. For the North American species of squirrel commonly known as the red squirrel, see American red squirrel. For other uses, see Red squirrel (disambiguation).
Red squirrel
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Sciurus
Subgenus: Sciurus
Species: S. vulgaris
Binomial name
Sciurus vulgaris
Linnaeus, 1758
Subspecies[2]
23 recognized, see text
Red squirrel range
The red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus common throughout Eurasia. The red squirrel is an arboreal, omnivorous rodent.
In Great Britain, Italy and Ireland, numbers have decreased drastically in recent years. This decline is associated with the introduction by humans of the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) from North America[3][4] and habitat loss.[5] Due to this, without conservation the species could be extirpated from Britain by 2030.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Distribution
3 Reproduction
4 Life expectancy
5 Ecology and behaviour
6 Enemies and threats
7 Conservation and strategies
7.1 Background
7.2 Conservation
8 Historical, cultural and financial significance
9 Taxonomy
10 References
11 External links
Description[edit]
Underparts are generally white/cream coloured
Red squirrel in Kuusijarvi lake in Finland.
Profile of the Eurasian red squirrel in grey winter coat
The red squirrel has a typical head-and-body length of 19 to 23 cm (7.5 to 9 in), a tail length of 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in), and a mass of 250 to 340 g (8.8 to 12.0 oz). Males and females are the same size, which means that the species is not sexually dimorphic. The red squirrel is somewhat smaller than the eastern grey squirrel which has a head-and-body length of 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 in) and weighs between 400 and 800 g (14 oz and 1 lb 12 oz).
The long tail helps the squirrel to balance and steer when jumping from tree to tree and running along branches, and may keep the animal warm during sleep.[citation needed]
The red squirrel, like most tree squirrels, has sharp, curved claws to enable it to climb and descend broad tree trunks, thin branches and even house walls. Its strong hind legs enable it to leap gaps between trees. The red squirrel also has the ability to swim.[7]
The coat of the red squirrel varies in colour with time of year and location. There are several different coat colour morphs ranging from black to red. Red coats are most common in Great Britain; in other parts of Europe and Asia different coat colours co-exist within populations, much like hair colour in some human populations. The underside of the squirrel is always white-cream in colour. The red squirrel sheds its coat twice a year, switching from a thinner summer coat to a thicker, darker winter coat with noticeably larger ear-tufts (a prominent distinguishing feature of this species) between August and November. A lighter, redder overall coat colour, along with the ear-tufts (in adults) and smaller size, distinguish the Eurasian red squirrel from the American eastern grey squirrel.[8][9][10]
Distribution[edit]
Red squirrel in the Urals region, grey winter coat
Red squirrels occupy boreal, coniferous woods in northern Europe and Siberia, preferring Scots pine, Norway spruce and Siberian pine. In western and southern Europe they are found in broad-leaved woods where the mixture of tree and shrub species provides a better year round source of food. In most of the British Isles and in Italy, broad-leaved woodlands are now less suitable due to the better competitive feeding strategy of introduced grey squirrels.[11]
Reproduction[edit]
Skeleton of a squirrel
Mating can occur in late winter during February and March and in summer between June and July. Up to two litters a year per female are possible. Each litter usually contains three or four young although as many as six may be born. Gestation is about 38 to 39 days. The young are looked after by the mother alone and are born helpless, blind and deaf and weigh between 10 and 15 g. Their body is covered by hair at 21 days, their eyes and ears open after three to four weeks, and they develop all their teeth by 42 days. Juvenile red squirrels can eat solids around 40 days following birth and from that point can leave the nest on their own to find food; however, they still suckle from their mother until weaning occurs at 8 to 10 weeks.
During mating, males detect females that are in œstrus by an odor that they produce, and although there is no courtship, the male will chase the female for up to an hour prior to mating. Usually multiple males will chase a single female until the dominant male, usually the largest in the group, mates with the female. Males and females will mate multiple times with many partners. Females must reach a minimum body mass before they enter œstrus, and heavy females on average produce more young. If food is scarce breeding may be delayed. Typically a female will produce her first litter in her second year.
Two-week-old red squirrel
Life expectancy[edit]
Red squirrels that survive their first winter have a life expectancy of 3 years. Individuals may reach 7 years of age, and 10 in captivity. Survival is positively related to availability of autumn–winter tree seeds; on average, 75–85% of juveniles die during their first winter, and mortality is approximately 50% for winters following the first.[12]
Ecology and behaviour[edit]
Play media
A red squirrel takes and loses a walnut
The red squirrel is found in both coniferous forest and temperate broadleaf woodlands. The squirrel makes a drey (nest) out of twigs in a branch-fork, forming a domed structure about 25 to 30 cm in diameter. This is lined with moss, leaves, grass and bark. Tree hollows and woodpecker holes are also used. The red squirrel is a solitary animal and is shy and reluctant to share food with others. However, outside the breeding season and particularly in winter, several red squirrels may share a drey to keep warm. Social organization is based on dominance hierarchies within and between sexes; although males are not necessarily dominant to females, the dominant animals tend to be larger and older than subordinate animals, and dominant males tend to have larger home ranges than subordinate males or females.[13]
The red squirrel eats:
mostly the seeds of trees, neatly stripping conifer cones to get at the seeds within.[citation needed]
fungi
nuts (especially hazelnuts but also beech and chestnuts)
berries
young shoots[14]
Close up of a young red squirrel.
More rarely, red squirrels may also eat bird eggs or nestlings. A Swedish study shows that out of 600 stomach contents of red squirrels examined, only 4 contained remnants of birds or eggs.[15][16] Thus, red squirrels may occasionally exhibit opportunistic omnivory, similarly to other rodents.
Excess food is put into caches, either buried or in nooks or holes in trees, and eaten when food is scarce. Although the red squirrel remembers where it created caches at a better-than-chance level, its spatial memory is substantially less accurate and durable than that of grey squirrel;[17] it therefore will often have to search for them when in need, and many caches are never found again.
Between 60% and 80% of its active period may be spent foraging and feeding.[18] The active period for the red squirrel is in the morning and in the late afternoon and evening. It often rests in its nest in the middle of the day, avoiding the heat and the high visibility to birds of prey that are dangers during these hours. During the winter, this mid-day rest is often much more brief, or absent entirely, although harsh weather may cause the animal to stay in its nest for days at a time.
No territories are claimed between the red squirrels, and the feeding areas of individuals overlap considerably.
Enemies and threats[edit]
In snow in Helsinki
Arboreal predators include small mammals such as the pine marten, wildcats, and the stoat, which preys on nestlings; birds, including owls and raptors such as the goshawk and buzzards, may also take the red squirrel. The red fox, cats and dogs can prey upon the red squirrel when it is on the ground. Humans influence the population size and mortality of the red squirrel by destroying or altering habitats, by causing road casualties, and by introducing non-native populations of the North American eastern grey squirrels.
The eastern grey squirrel and the red squirrel are not directly antagonistic, and violent conflict between these species is not a factor in the decline in red squirrel populations.[19] However, the eastern grey squirrel appears to be able to decrease the red squirrel population due to several reasons:
The eastern grey squirrel carries a disease, the squirrel parapoxvirus, that does not appear to affect their health but will often kill the red squirrel. It was revealed in 2008 that the numbers of red squirrels at Formby had declined by 80% as a result of this disease,[20] though the population is now recovering.[21]
The eastern grey squirrel can better digest acorns, while the red squirrel cannot access the proteins and fats in acorns as easily.[22]
When the red squirrel is put under pressure, it will not breed as often.
In UK as a whole, due to the above circumstances, the population has today diminished to 160,000 red squirrels or less (120,000 of these reside in Scotland).[23] Outside the UK and Ireland, the impact of competition from the eastern grey squirrel has been observed in Piedmont, Italy, where two pairs escaped from captivity in 1948. A significant drop in red squirrel populations in the area has been observed since 1970, and it is feared that the eastern grey squirrel may expand into the rest of Europe.
Conservation and strategies[edit]
Background[edit]
Winter coat, in England
In Germany
The red squirrel is protected in most of Europe, as it is listed in Appendix III of the Bern Convention; it is listed as being of least concern on the IUCN Red List. However, in some areas it is abundant and is hunted for its fur.
Although not thought to be under any threat worldwide, the red squirrel has nevertheless drastically reduced in number in the United Kingdom; especially after the grey squirrels were introduced from North America in the 1870s. Fewer than 140,000 individuals are thought to be left in 2013;[14] approximately 85% of which are in Scotland, with the Isle of Wight being the largest haven in England. A local charity, the Wight Squirrel Project,[24] supports red squirrel conservation on the island, and islanders are actively recommended to report any invasive greys. The population decrease in Britain is often ascribed to the introduction of the eastern grey squirrel from North America,[25] but the loss and fragmentation of its native woodland habitat has also played a role.
Conservation[edit]
In January 1998, eradication of the non-native North American grey squirrel began on the North Wales island of Anglesey. This facilitated the natural recovery of the small remnant red squirrel population. It was followed by the successful reintroduction of the red squirrel into the pine stands of Newborough Forest.[26] Subsequent reintroductions into broadleaved woodland followed and today the island has the single largest red squirrel population in Wales. Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour is also populated exclusively by red rather than grey squirrels (approximately 200 individuals).
In Finland
With a brown coat
Mainland initiatives in southern Scotland and the north of England also rely upon grey squirrel control as the cornerstone of red squirrel conservation strategy. A local programme known as the "North East Scotland Biodiversity Partnership", an element of the national Biodiversity Action Plan was established in 1996.[27] This programme is administered by the Grampian Squirrel Society, with an aim of protecting the red squirrel; the programme centres on the Banchory and Cults areas. In 2008, the Scottish Wildlife Trust announced a four-year project which commenced in the spring of 2009 called "Saving Scotland's Red Squirrels".[28]
Other notable projects include red squirrel projects in the Greenfield Forest, including the buffer zones of Mallerstang, Garsdale and Widdale;[29] the Northumberland Kielder Forest Project; and within the National Trust reserve in Formby. These projects were originally part of the Save Our Squirrels campaign that aimed to protect red squirrels in the north of England, but now form part of a five-year Government-led partnership conservation project called "Red Squirrels Northern England"[30] to undertake grey squirrel control in areas important for red squirrels.
Red squirrel in Poland
Research undertaken in 2007 in the UK credits the pine marten with reducing the population of the invasive eastern grey squirrel. Where the range of the expanding pine marten population meets that of the eastern grey squirrel, the population of these squirrels retreats. It is theorised that because the grey squirrel spends more time on the ground than the red, that they are far more likely to come in contact with this predator.[31]
During October 2012, four male and one female red squirrel, on permanent loan from the British Wildlife Centre, were transported to Tresco in the Isles of Scilly by helicopter, and released into Abbey Wood, near the Abbey Gardens. Only two survived and a further twenty were transported and released in October 2013.[32] Although the red squirrel is not indigenous to the Isles of Scilly, those who supported this work intend to use Tresco as a ″safe haven″ for the endangered mammal as the islands are free of predators such as foxes, and of the squirrel pox carrying grey squirrel.[33][34]
Historical, cultural and financial significance[edit]
"Squirrel" illustration from "British Mammals" by A. Thorburn, 1920
Squirrel Nutkin is a character, always illustrated as a red squirrel, in English author Beatrix Potter's books for children.
'Ekorren' (The Squirrel) is a well known and appreciated children's song in Sweden. Text and lyrics by Alice Tegnér in 1892.
In Norse mythology, Ratatoskr is a red squirrel who runs up and down with messages in the world tree, Yggdrasil, and spreads gossip. In particular, he carried messages between the unnamed eagle at the top of Yggdrasill and the wyrm Níðhöggr beneath its roots.
The red squirrel used to be widely hunted for its pelt. In Finland squirrel pelts were used as currency in ancient times, before the introduction of coinage.[35] The expression "squirrel pelt" is still widely understood there to be a reference to money.
The Rareware character Conker the Squirrel is a red squirrel.
Taxonomy[edit]
Various red squirrel subspecies; A) S. v. vulgaris from Sweden, B) S. v. fuscoater from Germany, C) S. v. infuscatus from central Spain
There have been over 40 described subspecies of the red squirrel, but the taxonomic status of some of these is uncertain. A study published in 1971 recognises 16 subspecies and has served as a basis for subsequent taxonomic work.[36][37] At present, there are 23 recognized subspecies.[2]
S. v. alpinus. Desmarest, 1822. (Synonyms: S. v. baeticus, hoffmanni, infuscatus, italicus, meridionalis,[38] numantius, segurae or silanus.)
S. v. altaicus. Serebrennikov, 1928.
S. v. anadyrensis. Ognev, 1929.
S. v. arcticus. Trouessart, 1906. (Synonym: S. v. jacutensis.)
S. v. balcanicus. Heinrich, 1936. (Synonyms: S. v. istrandjae or rhodopensis.)
S. v. chiliensis. Sowerby, 1921.
S. v. cinerea. Hermann, 1804.
S. v. dulkeiti. Ognev, 1929.
S. v. exalbidus. Pallas, 1778. (Synonyms: S. v. argenteus or kalbinensis.)
S. v. fedjushini. Ognev, 1935.
S. v. formosovi. Ognev, 1935.
S. v. fuscoater. Altum, 1876. (Synonyms: S. v. brunnea, gotthardi, graeca, nigrescens, russus or rutilans.)
S. v. fusconigricans. Dvigubsky, 1804
S. v. leucourus. Kerr, 1792.
S. v. lilaeus. Miller, 1907. (Synonyms: S. v. ameliae or croaticus.)
S. v. mantchuricus. Thomas, 1909. (Synonyms: S. v. coreae or coreanus.)
S. v. martensi. Matschie, 1901. (Synonym: S. v. jenissejensis.)
S. v. ognevi. Migulin, 1928. (Synonyms: S. v. bashkiricus, golzmajeri or uralensis.)
S. v. orientis. Thomas, 1906.
S. v. rupestris. Thomas, 1907
S. v. ukrainicus. Migulin, 1928. (Synonym: S. v. kessleri.)
S. v. varius. Gmelin, 1789.
S. v. vulgaris. Linnaeus, 1758.[39] (Synonyms: S. v. albonotatus, albus, carpathicus, europaeus, niger, rufus or typicus.)
S. vulgaris is classed as a "prohibited new organism" under New Zealand's Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 preventing it from being imported into the country.[40]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shar, S.; Lkhagvasuren, D.; Bertolino, S.; Henttonen, H.; Kryštufek, B.; Meinig, H. (2008). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008: e.T20025A9135609. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20025A9135609.en. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Sciurus (Sciurus) vulgaris". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 764. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Red squirrel. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 30 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Two different squirrels. Scottishsquirrels.org.uk. Retrieved on 30 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Fight to save Red Squirrel impeded by lack of funds": article by Graham Tibbetts on page 17 of issue 47,381, Daily Telegraph (5 October 2007)
Jump up ^ Booth, Robert (25 September 2011). "Red squirrel 'could be extinct within next 20 years'". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Red squirrel facts. RSST. Retrieved on 30 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Two different squirrels: the facts. scottishsquirrels.org.uk. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ RSPB facts. Rspb.org.uk (24 January 2010). Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Cornwall Red Squirrels website. Cornwallredsquirrels.co.uk. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Forest Research – UK Red Squirrel Group – Red squirrel facts. Forestry.gov.uk. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Gurnell, J. (1983). "Squirrel numbers and the abundance of tree seeds". Mammal Review. 13 (2–4): 133–148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1983.tb00274.x.
Jump up ^ Wauters, L.; Swinnen, C. & Dhondt, A. A. (1992). "Activity budget and foraging behaviour or red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in coniferous and deciduous habitats". Journal of Zoology. 227: 71–86. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04345.x.
^ Jump up to: a b Forestry Commission – Red Squirrels. Forestry.gov.uk. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ The University of Lund, Lunduniversity.lu.se. Retrieved on 15 October 2015.
Jump up ^ 'Ask a Biologist at The University of Lund' [1]. Retrieved on 15 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Macdonald, I. M. V. (1997). "Field experiments on duration and precision of grey and red squirrel spatial memory". Animal Behaviour. 54 (4): 879–91. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0528. PMID 9344441.
Jump up ^ Wauters, L.A. & Dhondt, A.A. (1992). "Spacing behaviour of red squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris: variation between habitats and the sexes". Animal Behaviour. 43 (2): 297–311. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80225-8.
Jump up ^ "Red and grey squirrels". Rsst.
Jump up ^ Country File, BBC, 28.89.2008
Jump up ^ Formby's red squirrel population recovering, National trust, 25 November 2013
Jump up ^ http://rsst.org.uk/about-us/red-and-grey-squirrels/
Jump up ^ http://scottishsquirrels.org.uk/ Scottish Wildlife Trust, Scottish Natural Heritage, Forestry Commission Scotland, Scottish Land and Estates, RSPB and the Red Squirrel Survival Trust. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
Jump up ^ The Wight Squirrel Project – Home. Wightsquirrels.co.uk. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Black squirrels set to dominate". BBC News. 20 January 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Red squirrel conservation, squirrel ecology and grey squirrel management. Redsquirrels.info. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "A new dawn for biodiversity partnership working". hutton.ac.uk.
Jump up ^ "A new era for Scotland's red squirrels?" in Scottish Wildlife (November 2008) No. 66. Edinburgh.
Jump up ^ "Greenfield Forest declared England’s newest Red Squirrel Reserve" daelnet.co.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2011
Jump up ^ Red Squirrels Northern England. Rsne.org.uk. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Watson, Jeremy (30 December 2007) "Tufty's saviour to the rescue". Scotland on Sunday. Edinburgh.
Jump up ^ Tresco’s Red Squirrel Colony To Be Restocked. Scilly Today (18 June 2013). Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Mumford, Clive (1 November 2012). "Squirrels to be released in 2013". The Cornishman. p. 16. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "RNAS Culdrose helicopter flies red squirrels to Tresco". BBC. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Verot 1500–1600 luvulla:Oravannahat Archived 24 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Holappa.info. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Sidorowicz, J. (1971). "Problems of subspecific taxonomy of squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris L.) in Palaearctic". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 187: 123–142.
Jump up ^ Lurz, P.W.W.; Gurnell, John & Magris, Louise (2005). "Sciurus vulgaris" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 769: 1–10. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)769[0001:SV]2.0.CO;2.
Jump up ^ As of 2017, meridionalis is no longer considered a potential subspecies of Sciurus vulgaris but a distinct species found in the south of the Italian Peninsula: Sciurus meridionalis. See Hystrix, Italian Journal of Mammalogy, "New endemic mammal species for Europe: Sciurus meridionalis (Rodentia, Sciuridae)". In this survey, the suggested common name for the species is "Calabrian black squirrel".
Jump up ^ Linnaeus, Carolus (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii). Retrieved 8 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 2003 – Schedule 2 Prohibited new organisms". New Zealand Government. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Sciurus vulgaris (category)
Wikispecies has information related to Sciurus vulgaris
ARKive: photographs and videos
A partnership to save the red squirrel, between the Scottish Wildlife Trust, et al.
WildlifeOnline: Natural History of Tree Squirrels
Red squirrels make a comeback as culling of grey rivals brings results
Acute Fatal Toxoplasmosis in Three Eurasian Red Squirrels
Close up video of a red squirrel on YouTube
A very close up video of a red squirrel eating on YouTube
A high quality video of a red squirrel feeding in the UK on YouTube
[show]
v
t
e
Extant species of family Sciuridae (subfamily Sciurinae, Sciurini tribe)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Microsciurus
(Dwarf squirrels)
Central American Dwarf Squirrel (Microsciurus alfari)
Western Dwarf Squirrel (Microsciurus mimulus)
Amazon Dwarf Squirrel (Microsciurus flaviventer)
Santander Dwarf Squirrel (Microsciurus santanderensis)
Rheithrosciurus
Tufted Ground Squirrel (Rheithrosciurus macrotis)
Sciurus
Subgenus Tenes
Caucasian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus)
Subgenus Sciurus
Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
Calabrian black squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis)
Japanese Squirrel (Sciurus lis)
Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Mexican Gray Squirrel (Sciurus aureogaster)
Collie's Squirrel (Sciurus colliaei)
Yucatan Squirrel (Sciurus yucatanensis)
Variegated Squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides)
Deppe's Squirrel (Sciurus deppei)
Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
Peters's Squirrel (Sciurus oculatus)
Allen's Squirrel (Sciurus alleni)
Mexican Fox Squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis)
Arizona Gray Squirrel (Sciurus arizonensis)
Subgenus Hesperosciurus
Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus griseus)
Subgenus Otosciurus
Abert's Squirrel (Sciurus aberti)
Subgenus Guerlinguetus
Red-tailed Squirrel (Sciurus granatensis)
Richmond's Squirrel (Sciurus richmondi)
Brazilian Squirrel (Sciurus aestuans)
Yellow-throated Squirrel (Sciurus gilvigularis)
Bolivian Squirrel (Sciurus ignitus)
Atlantic Forest Squirrel (Sciurus ingrami)
Andean Squirrel (Sciurus pucheranii)
Guayaquil Squirrel (Sciurus stramineus)
Sanborn's Squirrel (Sciurus sanborni)
South Yungas Red Squirrel (Sciurus argentinius)
Subgenus Hadrosciurus
Fiery Squirrel (Sciurus flammifer)
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Bangs's Mountain Squirrel (Syntheosciurus brochus)
Tamiasciurus
(Pine squirrels)
Douglas Squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii)
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Mearns's squirrel (Tamiasciurus mearnsi)
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Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q4388
ADW: Sciurus_vulgaris
ARKive: sciurus-vulgaris
BioLib: 20583
EoL: 1037909
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Fauna Europaea: 305737
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ITIS: 632439
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