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United Kingdom national football team
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This article is about the United Kingdom's representation in international football in general. For the country's representation in Olympic football, see Great Britain Olympic football team. For the British American football team, see Great Britain national American football team.
United Kingdom
Head coach
None appointed
Captain
None appointed
Most caps
Billy Liddell
Stanley Matthews (2)
Top scorer
Wilf Mannion
Tommy Lawton (2)
Home stadium
Various
FIFA code
N/A
FIFA ranking
Current
N/A
First international
Great Britain 6–1 Rest of Europe
(Glasgow; 10 May 1947)
Biggest win
Great Britain 6–1 Rest of Europe
(Glasgow; 10 May 1947)
Biggest defeat
Great Britain 1–4 Rest of Europe
(Belfast; 13 August 1955)
No United Kingdom national football team currently exists, as there currently are separate teams representing each of the nations of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) in international football.
These national teams compete in the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championships and other internationals. A United Kingdom team has played in friendly matches, though never in a full FIFA international and not since 1955. However, the United Kingdom has competed in the association football tournament at the Summer Olympic Games, where it is represented by the Great Britain Olympic football team.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Matches
2.1 1947: the Match of the Century
2.2 1955: Irish FA's anniversary
2.3 Other matches
3 Olympic team
4 Universiade team
5 Footnotes
Background[edit]
The four football federations of the United Kingdom
When the world's first football association, The Football Association (FA), was formed in 1863, its geographical remit was not clear: there was no specification of whether it covered just England, all of the United Kingdom, the British Empire or even the entire world. The question was answered when the Scottish Football Association (SFA) was founded in 1873.
The third national football association, the Football Association of Wales (FAW) was founded in 1876 and a fourth, the Irish Football Association (IFA), was founded in 1880. Football therefore developed with separate associations and national teams for each of the countries of the United Kingdom or "Home Nations".
Representative international matches between England and Scotland were played as far back as 1872, and the Home Nations formed the International Football Association Board (IFAB) in 1886 to co-ordinate matches between their teams. FIFA was formed by non-British associations in 1904, and by 1913 the Home Nations were in FIFA and FIFA was on the IFAB. In 1921, around the time of the partition of Ireland, the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) split from the IFA and disputed its authority.
In 1923, an agreement between the IFAB and FIFA meant the FAI would represent the Irish Free State and the IFA Northern Ireland; also, FIFA agreed that relationships between the Home Nations would be outside its remit.[1] England and Scotland separately played internationals against various European teams, but the Home Nations withdrew from FIFA in 1928, in a dispute over amateurism, and did not rejoin till 1946, missing the first three World Cups.
England have been the only Home Nation to have any major success internationally, winning the 1966 World Cup. Scotland have qualified for the final tournaments of eight World Cups and two European Championships, but have never progressed beyond the group stage of any international tournament. Northern Ireland have not qualified for a World Cup finals tournament since 1986, and Wales since 1958.
This is sometimes raised as an argument in favour of a single United Kingdom national team: based on statistical analysis. In June 2006, it was estimated that a United Kingdom national team would have had a one-third greater chance of winning the 2006 World Cup, than England did at the tournament's outset.[2] Opponents of the plan argue that the existing footballing identities of the fans of the Home Nations should not be sacrificed simply to stand a better chance of success.
There has been limited support for the creation of a permanent British national team. Although often hypothetical in nature, such a proposal has been put forward by prominent government ministers, including Jack Straw[3] and Tony Banks.[4] In July 2014, after England performed poorly in the 2014 World Cup, Conservative MP Laurence Robertson submitted an early day motion, calling for a United Kingdom Football Team.[5][6]
Matches[edit]
Great Britain (1947)
Great Britain (1955)
The kits worn in the two past matches:
• Scotland's blue in 1947.
• Northern Ireland's green in 1955.
Despite this, the Home Nations have previously united to play two friendly internationals against 'Rest of Europe' representative sides. On both occasions, they included all four Home Nations: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Despite Northern Ireland's participation, both matches were played under the name of 'Great Britain'.
10 May 1947; Hampden Park, Glasgow: Great Britain 6–1 Rest of Europe
13 August 1955; Windsor Park, Belfast: Great Britain 1–4 Rest of Europe[7]
1947: the Match of the Century[edit]
The 1947 game, dubbed the 'Match of the Century', was played to celebrate the return of the Home Nations to FIFA, which they had left in 1920.[8] For the match, played at Scotland's Hampden Park in front of 135,000 spectators, the Great Britain side wore a navy blue strip in honour of the host association. The gate receipts, totalling £35,000, helped boost the finances of FIFA, which had been damaged by the lack of competition during World War II.[8] On that occasion, the Great Britain team consisted of:
Frank Swift (England), George Hardwick (England), Billy Hughes (Wales), Archie Macaulay (Scotland), Jackie Vernon (Ireland), Ron Burgess (Wales), Stanley Matthews (England), Wilf Mannion (England), Tommy Lawton (England), Billy Steel (Scotland), Billy Liddell (Scotland).[9]
Goals: UK 1–0 ROE, Mannion 22nd minute; 1–1 Nordahl 24; 2–1 Mannion 33 pen.; 3–1 Steel 35; 4–1 Lawton 37; 5–1 Parola 74 o.g.; 6–1 Lawton 82.[10]
1955: Irish FA's anniversary[edit]
The 1955 game was played to celebrate the Irish Football Association's seventy-fifth anniversary. For this reason, the match was held at Belfast's Windsor Park, and the British team took to the field wearing Northern Ireland's green strip. The Great Britain team fielded comprised:
Jack Kelsey (Wales), Peter Sillett (England), Joe McDonald (Scotland), Danny Blanchflower (Northern Ireland), John Charles (Wales), Bertie Peacock (Northern Ireland), Stanley Matthews (England), Bobby Johnstone (Scotland), Roy Bentley (England), Jimmy McIlroy (Northern Ireland), Billy Liddell (Scotland).[7]
Other matches[edit]
Two other games were played between Wales and a team representing the rest of the United Kingdom, with players from England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The first match, in 1951, commemorated the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Football Association of Wales. The second match, in 1969, commemorated the investiture of the Prince of Wales. In both cases, the England, Scotland and Northern Ireland select team played under the name of 'Rest of the United Kingdom'.
3 December 1951; Ninian Park, Cardiff: Wales 3–2 Rest of the United Kingdom
21 July 1969; Ninian Park, Cardiff: Wales 0–1 Rest of the United Kingdom[7]
There was also a match played at Wembley in 1973 to commemorate the entry of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark into the European Economic Community.[11] This match, called "The Three" v "The Six", involved a select team from those three countries playing against a selection of players from the original six members of the EEC: West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and Italy.[11]
Ten of the thirteen players used by "The Three" were from the United Kingdom, with only Johnny Giles and two Danish players representing the other two countries.[11] Henning Jensen and Colin Stein scored as The Three won 2–0.[11]
A Great British team lined up against another Rest of Europe XI in 1965 for Stanley Matthews' testimonial. Europe won 6–4.[12] A Scotland XI team played a Rest of Great Britain team in a testimonial match for Alan Mullery. Scotland were defeated 3–2 at Craven Cottage on 22 March 1976.[13][14]
Olympic team[edit]
Main article: Great Britain Olympic football team
From the 1904 Summer Olympics to the 1972 Summer Olympics, and again for the 2012 Summer Olympics, the UK has competed in either the Olympic football tournament or its qualifying competition.[15] During the first tournament, played as a demonstration sport at the 1900 Summer Olympics but retrospectively accredited by the IOC, Upton Park F.C. represented the UK and won gold. Following this Great Britain won gold medals at the 1908 and 1912 Games.[16][17]
All 'Great Britain' Olympic football teams were organised by The Football Association (FA) with the acquiescence of the other Home Nations' football associations, and after the FA scrapped the distinction between professional and amateur players in 1974, no more British Olympic teams were entered.
Although professional players were allowed into the Olympics from 1992, no British teams were entered because the individual home nations, rather than a unified team, participated in the qualifying competition.
The 2012 Summer Olympics were hosted by London, which meant that Great Britain qualified as right of being host nation. After much discussion between the Home Nations and opposition from the Northern Irish, Scottish and Welsh associations, men's and women's teams organised by the (English) FA were entered to the 2012 Olympics.[18][19]
Universiade team[edit]
At the Universiade, the United Kingdom team has won three medals: two silver medals in 2011 and 2013 and a bronze medal in 1991.
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Brodie, Malcolm; Billy Kennedy (2005). The IFA 125 years...the history. Edenderry print limited. p. 108. "Politics of Irish Soccer". The Irish Times. 1953-11-25. p. 3.
Jump up ^ "The Auld Opponent". The Times. 15 June 2006. Retrieved on 5 July 2006.
Jump up ^ Travis, Alan (29 November 2000). "Red card for Straw's 'British team' idea". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2006.
Jump up ^ McLaughlin, Martyn (26 August 2008). "GB united or an own goal that will split UK?". The Scotsman. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Wheeler, Richard (10 July 2014). "UK football team should be formed, says leading Tory". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tory MP calls for UK football team after England's World Cup failure". Herald Scotland. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c England Player Honours – International Representative Teams. England Football Online, 14 February 2005. Retrieved on 5 July 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "The four British associations return to FIFA after the Second World War: 25th FIFA Congress in Luxembourg in 1946". FIFA. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Norman, Giller (2004). Football And All That. London: Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 115–116. ISBN 0-340-83589-3.
Jump up ^ "Great Britain V Rest of Europe Hampden Park 1947". England Fanzine.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "NOW YOU KNOW: Silky Celtic gave Leeds a Hampden masterclass." Evening Times. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "worldxi.com". www.worldxi.com.
Jump up ^ Alan Mullery Testimonial Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. footballzone.co.uk. Retrieved 25-10-2013.
Jump up ^ Scotland A, B XI U23, Selects scottishleague.net. Retrieved 25-10-2013.
Jump up ^ The team representing the United Kingdom is typically known as Great Britain or, in recent years, Team GB, when competing at the Olympics. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 February 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "Happy to discuss Olympic team". The Football Association. 10 July 2003. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Games of the IV Olympiad Archived 23 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine.. Aarhus, Lars; RSSSF, 15 October 1999. Retrieved on 5 July 2006.
Jump up ^ "Nations pave way for 2012 GB team". BBC Sport. BBC. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "London 2012: Stuart Pearce and Hope Powell to lead GB teams". BBC Sport. BBC. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
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text:
List of human anatomical regions
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Part of a series of lists about
Human anatomy
General[hide]
Features
Regions
Variations
Movements
Systems
Structures[show]
Arteries
Bones
Eponymous
Foramina
Glands
endocrine
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves
Organs
Systems
Veins
Muscles[show]
Abductors
Adductors
Depressors
Elevators
Extensors
Flexors
Rotators
external
internal
Glossary of medicine[show]
Glossary of medicine
See also[show]
Epithelia
Anatomical terminology
Index of anatomy articles
Outline of anatomy
Cell types
by origin
v
t
e
This illustration labeled regions of the human body show an anterior and posterior view of the body.
Contents
[hide]
1 Regions
2 Deprecated or older regions
3 See also
4 References
5 Notes
Regions[edit]
The cranial region encompasses the upper part of the head while the
facial region encompasses the lower half of the head beginning below the ears.
The forehead is referred to as the frontal region.
The eyes are referred to as the orbital or ocular region.
The cheeks are referred to as the buccal region.
The ears are referred to as the auricle or otic region.
The nose is referred to as the nasal region.
The mouth is referred to as the oral region.
The chin is referred to as the mental region.
The neck is referred to as the cervical region.
The trunk of the body contains, from superior to inferior,
the thoracic region encompassing the chest
the mammary region encompassing each breast
the sternal region encompassing the sternum
the abdominal region encompassing the stomach area
the umbilicus, or naval, is located at the center of the abdomen.[dubious – discuss]
the coxal region encompassing the belt line
the pubic region encompassing the area above the genitals.
The pelvis and legs contain, from superior to inferior,
the inguinal or groin region between the legs and the genitals,
the pubic region surrounding the genitals,
the femoral region encompassing the thighs,
the patellar region encompassing the knee,
the crural region encompassing the shin area of the leg,
the fibular region encompassing the outside of the lower leg,
the tarsal region encompassing the ankle,
the pedal region encompassing the foot
the digital/phalangeal region encompassing the toes.
The great toe is referred to as the hallux.
The regions of the upper limbs, from superior to inferior, are
the axillary region encompassing the armpit,
the brachial region encompassing the upper arm,
the antecubital region encompassing the front of the elbow,
the antebrachial region encompassing the forearm,
the carpal region encompassing the wrist,
the palmar region encompassing the palm,
the digital/phalangeal region encompassing the fingers.
The thumb is referred to as the pollex.
The posterior view contains, from superior to inferior,
the cervical region encompassing the neck,
the scapular region encompassing the scapulae and the area around,
the dorsal region encompassing the upper back
the lumbar region encompassing the lower back.
the sacral region occurring at the end of the spine, directly above the buttocks.
The regions of the back of the arms, from superior to inferior, include
the cervical region encompassing the neck,
the acromial region encompassing the shoulder,
the brachial region encompassing the upper arm,
the olecranal region encompassing the back of the elbow,
the antebrachial region encompasses the back of the arm
and the manual or manus region encompassing the back of the hand.
The posterior regions of the legs, from superior to inferior, include
the gluteal region encompassing the buttocks,
the femoral region encompassing the thigh,
the popliteal region encompassing the back of the knee,
the sural region encompassing the back of the lower leg,
the calcaneal region encompassing the heel,
the plantar region encompassing the sole of the foot.
Some regions are combined into larger regions. These include the trunk, which is a combination of the thoracic, mammary, abdominal, naval, and coxal regions. The cephalic region is a combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the leg regions.
Deprecated or older regions[edit]
Older set of terminology shown in Parts of the Human Body: Posterior and Anterior View from the 1933 edition of Sir Henry Morris' Human Anatomy.
Many of these terms are Latin terms that have fallen into disuse.
Front:
Frons - forehead
Facies - face
Pectus - breast
Latus - flank
Coxa - hip
Genu - knee
Pes - foot
Back:
Vertex - Crown [a]
Occiput - back of head
Collum - neck
Dorsum - back [b]
Lumbus - loin
Natis - buttock
Calx - heel
See also[edit]
Anatomical terms of location
Human anatomical terms
Human anatomy
Human brain
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Still used to describe the head of a fetus.
Jump up ^ No longer used commonly as an anatomical region, but still used as a term to describe relative location
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_human_anatomical_regions&oldid=825318268"
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Engblom v. Carey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Engblom v. Carey
Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Full case name
MARIANNE E. ENGBLOM and CHARLES E. PALMER, Plaintiff-Appellants, against HUGH L. CAREY, Governor of the State of New York, RICHARD D. HONGISTO, Acting Commissioner, New York State Department of Correctional Services, JOSEPH C. SNOW, Superintendent of the Mid-Orange Correctional Facility, MAJOR-GENERAL VITO J. CASTELLANO, Chief of Staff to the Governor of New York, New York National Guard, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JUSTIN M. QUEALLY, an Officer of the 106th Maintenance Battalion of the New York National Guard, Captain "JOHN" DREW, an Officer of the 101st Signal Battalion of the New York National Guard, and VARIOUS OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN, Members of the New York National Guard, Defendants-Appellees
Argued
March 1st 1982
Decided
May 3 1982
Citation(s)
677 F.2d 957
Holding
A state National Guardsman is a "soldier" by definition of the Third Amendment, and due to this, the defendants' Third Amendment rights were violated by housing them in the defendants' residence without their expressed consent. Even though they did not own the property they dwelled in, they were still entitled to the Amendment, because they lived in the building as an "Owner" would. By virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Third is incorporated onto the states. District court affirmed.
Court membership
Judge(s) sitting
Keinferd (Chief), Mansfield, Kaufman
Case opinions
Majority
Mansfield
Concurrence
Keinferd
Dissent
Kaufman
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amends. III, XIV
Engblom v. Carey, 677 F.2d 957 (2d Cir. 1982), on rem. 572 F. Supp. 44 (S.D.N.Y. 1982), aff'd. per curiam 724 F.2d 28 (2d Cir. 1983), was a court case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. It is the only significant court decision based on a direct challenge under the Third Amendment to the United States Constitution,[1] which states that "No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner[.]"
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Decision
3 References
4 External links
Background[edit]
The case was initiated by a 1979 strike by New York State correction officers. While the officers were on strike, some of their duties were performed by National Guardsmen who were activated. At Mid-Orange Correctional Facility (and other facilities) striking employees were evicted from employee housing which was then used to house some of the National Guard. Two of the evicted officers at Mid-Orange C.F., Marianne E. Engblom and Charles E. Palmer, subsequently filed suit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the state of New York and its governor, Hugh L. Carey. Petitioners asserted violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and violation of the Third Amendment. The District Court found for defendants and dismissed the suit. Petitioners then appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Decision[edit]
Rendered on May 3, 1982, the decision was written for the court by Judge Walter R. Mansfield. It began by affirming the District Court's dismissal of the Due Process claim. It then turned to petitioners' Third Amendment claim.
Because of the lack of any prior Third Amendment jurisprudence, this decision established three important holdings never/not previously articulated: (1) that the National Guardsmen qualify as soldiers under the Third Amendment; (2) that the Third Amendment applies to state as well as federal authorities, i.e., is incorporated against the states; and (3), that the protection of the Third Amendment extends beyond home owners, that is, those only with a fee simple arrangement, but includes anyone who, within their residence, has a legal expectation of privacy and a legal right to exclude others from entry into the premises.[1] The majority held that the correctional officers' occupancy in the rooms was covered under the legal rules of "tenancy" and was therefore protected under the Third Amendment.
The case was remanded to District Court where it was decided in the defendants' favor, due to the principle that as agents of the state, the defendants were covered by a qualified immunity unless they knowingly acted illegally. In the absence of previous precedents on this issue, the standard of knowing illegality was not met.
Concurring in part and dissenting in part, Judge Irving R. Kaufman maintained that the officers' occupancy was covered under the lesser protection of employee housing and that the special circumstances of residency in prison grounds superseded Third Amendment protection.
While viewed as an 18th century anachronism by many, others state that the Third Amendment could come into play in the 21st century in a situation where a geographic region is struck by a major natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina, the National Guard is activated and sent into the area, and arbitrarily decides to house its command and support staffs in private dwellings regardless of the owners' wishes, citing the national emergency. Absent the consent of the owner, or a declaration of war by Congress, this would be prohibited by the Third Amendment. Even in the latter case, war, the Guardsmen still would need to be housed "in a manner to be prescribed by law."
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Tom W. Bell, The Third Amendment: Forgotten but Not Gone, 2 William & Mary Bill of Rights J. 117 (1993)
External links[edit]
Engblom v. Carey, actual decision
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engblom_v._Carey&oldid=793845916"
Categories:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases
United States Third Amendment case law
Penal system in New York (state)
New York National Guard
1979 labor disputes and strikes
1983 in United States case law
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