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Tyler Perry
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Tyler Perry
Perry at the 82nd Academy Awards in 2010
Born
Emmitt Perry Jr.
(1969-09-13) September 13, 1969 (age 49)
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Nationality
American
Occupation
Actor, playwright, filmmaker, comedian
Years active
1992–present
Net worth
$600 million (2017)
Partner(s)
Gelila Bekele (2009–present)
Children
1
Website
www.tylerperry.com
Tyler Perry (born Emmitt Perry Jr.; September 13, 1969)[1] is an American actor, playwright, filmmaker and comedian. In 2011, Forbes listed him as the highest paid man in entertainment, earning $130 million USD between May 2010 and 2011.[2]
Perry created and performs the Madea character, a tough elderly black woman.[3][4][5] Perry's films vary in style from orthodox filmmaking techniques to filmed productions of live stage plays. Perry is estimated to have earned around US$75 million by 2008.[6] Many of Perry's stage-play films have been subsequently adapted as films.
Perry wrote and produced many stage plays during the 1990s and early 2000s. Perry has developed several television series, most notably Tyler Perry's House of Payne, which ran for eight seasons on TBS from June 21, 2006, to August 10, 2012. On October 2, 2012, Perry struck an exclusive multi-year partnership with Oprah Winfrey and her Oprah Winfrey Network. The partnership was largely for the sake of bringing scripted television to the OWN, based on Perry's previous success in this area.[7] Perry has created multiple scripted series for the network, The Haves and the Have Nots being its most successful. The Haves and the Have Nots has given OWN its highest ratings to date as of 2014,[8] with the series also referred to as "one of OWN's biggest success stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, and manipulations."[9]
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Stage
2.2 Film
2.2.1 Film partnerships and distribution
2.3 Television programs
2.3.1 OWN and partnership with Oprah
2.3.2 Tyler Perry Studios
2.3.3 Viacom
2.4 Books
3 Legal actions
3.1 The Writers Guild of America, West
3.2 Mo' Money Taxes
4 Reception
4.1 Criticisms
4.1.1 Response
4.2 Acclaim
4.3 Parodies and satire
5 Personal life
6 Filmography
6.1 Film work
6.2 Stage work
6.3 Television work
7 Awards and nominations
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Early life[edit]
Perry was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, as Emmitt Perry Jr., the son of Willie Maxine Perry (née Campbell) and Emmitt Perry, Sr., a carpenter.[10] He has three siblings.[11] Perry once said his father's answer to everything was to "beat it out of you".[12] As a child, Perry once went so far as to attempt suicide in an effort to escape his father's beatings. In contrast to his father, his mother took him to church each week, where he sensed a certain refuge and contentment.[12] At age 16, he had his first name legally changed from Emmitt to Tyler in an effort to distance himself from his father.[1]
Many years later, after seeing the film Precious, Perry was moved to reveal for the first time that he had been molested by a friend's mother at age 10;[13] he was also molested by three men prior to this, and later learned his own father had molested his friend.[14] A DNA test taken by Perry indicated that Emmitt Sr. was not Perry's biological father.[15]
While Perry did not complete high school, he earned a GED.[16] In his early 20s, watching an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show, he heard someone describe the sometimes therapeutic effect the act of writing can have, enabling the author to work out his or her own problems. This comment inspired him to apply himself to a career in writing. He soon started writing a series of letters to himself, which became the basis for the musical I Know I've Been Changed.[17]
Career[edit]
Stage[edit]
Around 1990, Perry moved to Atlanta, where two years later I Know I've Been Changed was first performed at a community theater, financed by the 22-year-old Perry's $12,000 life savings.[18] The play included Christian themes of forgiveness, dignity, and self-worth, while addressing issues such as child abuse and dysfunctional families. The musical initially received a "less than stellar" reception and was a financial failure.[19] Perry persisted, and over the next six years he rewrote the musical repeatedly, though lackluster reviews continued. In 1998, at age 28, he succeeded in retooling the play and restaging it in Atlanta, first at the House of Blues, then at the Fox Theatre. Perry continued to create new stage productions, touring with them on the so-called "Chitlin' Circuit" (now also known as the "urban theater circuit")[1][20] and developing a large, devoted following among African-American audiences. In 2005, Forbes reported that he had sold "more than $100 million in tickets, $30 million in videos of his shows and an estimated $20 million in merchandise", and "the 300 live shows he produces each year are attended by an average of 35,000 people a week".[18]
Film[edit]
Perry raised a US $5.5 million budget in part from the ticket sales of his stage productions to fund his first movie, Diary of a Mad Black Woman,[21] which went on to gross US$50.6 million domestically, while scoring a 16% approval rating at the film review web site Rotten Tomatoes.[22] On its opening weekend, February 24–26, 2006, Perry's film version of Madea's Family Reunion opened at number one at the box office with $30.3 million. The film eventually grossed $65 million. Perry and his co-stars promoted the film on The Oprah Winfrey Show. As with Diary, almost all of the Madea's earnings have been generated in the United States.[23]
Perry's next Lionsgate project, Daddy's Little Girls, starred Gabrielle Union and Idris Elba and was released in the United States on February 14, 2007. It grossed over US$31 million.[24] Perry wrote, directed, produced and starred in his next film, Why Did I Get Married?, released on October 12, 2007. It opened at number one, grossing US$21.4 million that weekend. It is loosely based on his play of the same name. Filming began March 5, 2007, in Whistler, British Columbia, a resort town north of Vancouver, then moved to Atlanta, where Perry had opened his own studio. Janet Jackson, Sharon Leal, Jill Scott, and Tasha Smith appeared in the film. Perry's 2008 film, Meet the Browns, released on March 21, opened at number 2 with a US$20.1 million weekend gross.[25] The Family That Preys opened on September 12, 2008, and grossed over US$37.1 million.[26]
Madea Goes to Jail opened at number one on February 20, 2009, grossing US$41 million and becoming his largest opening to date. This was Perry's seventh film with Lionsgate Entertainment. At the request of director J. J. Abrams,[27] also in 2009, Perry had a small role as the Starfleet Academy commandant Admiral Barnett in Star Trek, which opened on May 8. This was his first film appearance outside of his own projects. Perry next wrote, directed, and starred in I Can Do Bad All By Myself (2009), a film structured around his Madea character. This was Perry's eighth film and it also made number one at the box office.[28] In 2009, Perry teamed with Oprah Winfrey to present Precious, a film based on the novel Push by Sapphire.[29] Why Did I Get Married Too?, the sequel to Why Did I Get Married?, opened in theaters on April 2, 2010. It featured Janet Jackson, Cicely Tyson, Louis Gossett, Jr., Jill Scott, and Malik Yoba. The film grossed US$60 million domestically, with US$29 million made the opening weekend.[30]
Perry directed a film adaptation of Ntozake Shange's 1975 choreopoem For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf, which was released in theaters November 5, 2010.[31] He appeared in the stage show Madea's Big Happy Family, which toured the U.S. as a stage play and was released as a movie in 2011, written, directed by, and starring Perry. The film version of Madea's Big Happy Family raked in US$25.8 million at the box office, taking second place.[32] Perry's next film with Lionsgate was Good Deeds, in which Perry plays lead character Wesley Deeds. Good Deeds is a romantic drama film written, directed by, and starring Perry. The film was released on February 24, 2012. It is the tenth of eleven films that Perry directed and appears in. The film received a 29% rating by review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes and opened with a box office US$15.5 million gross.[33] The movie also stars Thandie Newton, Rebecca Romijn, Gabrielle Union, Eddie Cibrian, Jamie Kennedy, Phylicia Rashad, and others.[34]
As of June 2011[update], Perry's films had grossed over US$500 million worldwide.[35] Perry's Madea's Witness Protection, his seventh film within the Madea franchise, was released on June 29, 2012.
Perry took over the role of James Patterson's Alex Cross from Morgan Freeman for a new film in the series, titled Alex Cross.[36] The film opened on October 19, 2012, and received praise from critics and audiences for his role. His performance gained the attention of director David Fincher, who subsequently cast Perry in his 2014 thriller Gone Girl, co-starring with Ben Affleck, Rosamund Pike, and Neil Patrick Harris.
Perry released his thirteenth film, Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (based on his 2008 play of the same name) on March 29, 2013. The film stars Lance Gross, Jurnee Smollett, Brandy Norwood, Robbie Jones, Vanessa L. Williams, and Kim Kardashian. He produced Tyler Perry Presents Peeples, released on May 10, 2013.[37] He returned to the big screen with A Madea Christmas, released on December 13, 2013.[38] Perry directed the film The Single Moms Club, which opened on March 14, 2014. His first animated movie Madea's Tough Love was released on DVD January 20, 2015. In 2016, Perry played scientist Baxter Stockman in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows.[39] In mid January 2016, Perry started filming his seventeenth film, and ninth within the Madea franchise, Boo! A Madea Halloween. The film was released on October 21, 2016. A sequel, Boo 2! A Madea Halloween, was released in October 2017. Perry, alongside Oprah Winfrey, lent his voice in his first computer-animated film, called The Star, which is based on the Nativity of Jesus. Developed by Sony Pictures Animation, the film was released on November 17, 2017.[40]
Film partnerships and distribution[edit]
Perry's films are co-produced and distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment; he retains full copyright ownership under the corporate name Tyler Perry Films, and places his name in front of all titles.[41] Perry's movies have seen very limited release outside North America, but in May 2010, Lionsgate announced plans to begin releasing his films in the United Kingdom.[42]
Television programs[edit]
Perry produced the long-running sitcom Tyler Perry's House of Payne, which ran for 8 seasons from June 21, 2006, to August 10, 2012. The series followed an African-American household of three generations. The show demonstrated the family members' serious, true-to-life struggles with faith and love. The show ran in the spring of 2006 as a 10-show pilot. After the successful pilot run, Perry signed a US$200 million, 100-episode deal with TBS. On June 6, 2007, the first two episodes of Tyler Perry's House of Payne ran on TBS. After receiving high ratings, House of Payne entered broadcast syndication. Reruns were played through December 2007 before the second season began. Perry also wrote, directed and produced the sitcom Meet the Browns, which premiered on TBS on January 7, 2009 and ended on November 18, 2011.[43]
OWN and partnership with Oprah[edit]
On October 2, 2012, Perry struck an exclusive multi-year partnership with Oprah Winfrey and her Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN). The partnership was largely for the purposes of bringing scripted television to the OWN, Perry having had previous success in this department.[7]
Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse, based on his films Why Did I Get Married? and Why Did I Get Married Too?, premiered on TBS on November 25, 2011. The series was cancelled by TBS in February 2013 but was revived by OWN for a third season, which began on September 18, 2013.[44][45]
Perry also has two other new television series featured on OWN: the hour-long soap opera/drama series The Haves and the Have Nots and the sitcom Love Thy Neighbor. The Haves and the Have Nots premiered on May 28, 2013, while Love Thy Neighbor premiered on May 29, 2013.[46] It was reported on May 29, 2013 that The Haves and the Have Nots set a new record for OWN, scoring the highest ratings ever for a series premiere on the network.[47][48] Love Thy Neighbor scored the second highest ratings ever for a series premiere on OWN, behind The Haves and the Have Nots;[49] however, Love Thy Neighbor has significantly declined in ratings while The Have and the Have Nots has continued to increase its ratings.[50][51] On February 4, 2014, The Haves and the Have Nots came in as the most watched program in all of cable television for the night.[52] On Tuesday, March 11, 2014, a Haves and the Have Nots season 2 episode set an OWN record when it scored the highest ratings in the network's history. The record-breaking episode brought in 3.6 million viewers, surpassing the 3.5 million that tuned in for the Oprah's Next Chapter interview with Bobbi Kristina which was the network's previous highest rated viewing.[8]
On January 9, 2014, as part of Perry's continued partnership with OWN, the network ordered its fourth scripted series (and fourth series by Perry) based on the feature film, The Single Moms Club, called If Loving You Is Wrong. The hour-long drama series premiered on September 9, 2014.
Tyler Perry Studios[edit]
In 2015, Perry acquired the 330-acre former military base Fort McPherson, which he converted to studios.[53] The studios were used to film the HBO Films/OWN film version of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, and is currently in ongoing use for the television series The Walking Dead.[53][54] 50,000 square feet of the site are dedicated to standing permanent sets, including a replica of a luxury hotel lobby, a 16,000-square-foot mansion, a mock cheap hotel, a trailer park set, and a real 1950s-style diner that was relocated from a town 100 miles away; it also hosts 12 sound stages.[54] The blockbuster Marvel film, Black Panther, was the first to be filmed on one the new stages at Tyler Perry Studios as announced personally by Tyler Perry on his instagram account on February 19, 2018.[55]
Viacom[edit]
On June 14, 2017, Perry signed a long term deal with Viacom for 90 episodes/year of original drama and comedy series. Viacom will also have distribution rights to short video content and a first look at film concepts. The TV deal begins May 2019, as he is still under contract to OWN.[56]
Books[edit]
Perry's first book, Don't Make a Black Woman Take Off Her Earrings: Madea's Uninhibited Commentaries on Love and Life, appeared on April 11, 2006. The book sold 30,000 copies.[57] The hardcover reached number one on the New York Times Best Seller list and remained on the list for 12 weeks. It was voted Book of the Year, Best Humor Book at the 2006 Quill Awards.[58]
His second book, Higher is Waiting, was published on November 14, 2017. It debuted at number 5 on the New York Times Bestseller list.[59]
Legal actions[edit]
The Writers Guild of America, West[edit]
The Writers Guild of America, West has filed unfair labor practice charges with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), alleging that Perry's production company, House of Payne, unlawfully fired four writers in October 2008 in retaliation for their trying to get a union contract.[60] The dispute was settled a month later, when Tyler Perry Studios agreed to be a WGA signatory.[61]
Mo' Money Taxes[edit]
In early 2009, Perry threatened legal action against Mo' Money Taxes, a tax preparation company based in Memphis, Tennessee, for running a TV spot that he felt offensively parodied his work, in particular Madea Goes to Jail. The ad features a large Caucasian male (John Cowan) in drag, named "Ma'Madea". The "offending" ad was dropped from circulation.[62]
Reception[edit]
Criticisms[edit]
Despite praising Perry in 2006, director Spike Lee criticized his work in 2009, stating "Each artist should be allowed to pursue their artistic endeavors but I still think there is a lot of stuff out today that is 'coonery buffoonery'."[63] When asked if Perry's success among black audiences was a result of just giving black America what they wanted, Lee responded, "the imaging is troubling."
In an open letter to Perry on National Public Radio, journalist Jamilah Lemieux, while thanking Perry for "giving black folks jobs in front of and behind the camera," also criticized his shows Meet the Browns and House of Payne. In her letter, she stated that "both your shows are marked by old stereotypes of buffoonish, emasculated black men and crass, sassy black women." While she noted his work for its humor and "positive messages of self-worth, love and respect," she later expressed frustration that African-Americans "have been fed the same images of ourselves over and over and over because they sell." Lemieux dismissed his famous Madea character, claiming that "Through her, the country has laughed at one of the most important members of the black community: Mother Dear, the beloved matriarch. ... Our mothers and grandmothers deserve much more than that." While she expressed appreciation toward Perry for dismissing critics' negative comments, Lemieux claimed that "many black folks have expressed some of the very same attitudes about your work that white critics have," and urged him to "stop dismissing the critics as haters and realize that black people need new stories and new storytellers."[64]
Response[edit]
In October 2009, during a 60 Minutes interview, Perry was read a quote of Spike Lee's comments about his work and responded, "I would love to read that [criticism] to my fan base. ... That pisses me off. It is so insulting. It's attitudes like that that make Hollywood think that these people do not exist, and that is why there is no material speaking to them, speaking to us." Perry also stated that "all these characters are bait – disarming, charming, make-you-laugh bait. I can slap Madea on something and talk about God, love, faith, forgiveness, family, any of those."[65] In an interview with Hip Hollywood, Perry responded to Spike Lee's comments by telling him to "go to hell."[66]
Acclaim[edit]
Perry's work has been praised by Oprah Winfrey, who joined Perry in promoting Lee Daniels' film Precious (2009). She told an interviewer, "I think [Perry] grew up being raised by strong, black women. And so much of what he does is really in celebration of that. I think that's what Madea really is: a compilation of all those strong black women that I know and maybe you do too? And so the reason it works is because people see themselves."[67]
Goldie Taylor, of The Grio and MSNBC, stated in an April 21, 2011 NPR All Things Considered interview regarding Perry's target audience: "I don't think Tyler Perry is talking to Touré. I don't think he's talking to me, but I know that he's speaking directly to my mother, my sister, my cousins and meeting them at their point of need, and that's what art and filmmaking is about."[68]
In his Huffington Post editorial, sociologist Shayne Lee lists Perry among the pantheon of today's most innovative filmmakers.[69]
Parodies and satire[edit]
In the American Dad! episode "Spelling Bee My Baby", Steve Smith deliberately misspelled his words in a spelling bee so as to express his love for Akiko (who was also competing), instead spelling random Tyler Perry and Madea films.[70]
Perry was satirized by South Park in the Season Fifteen episode "Funnybot". He was given an award for "Comedian Most likely to turn up to collect their comedy award", and the black characters in the episode, Token Black and President Obama, express their own disbelief that they can't stop watching his comedy and giving him money. At the end of the episode Perry, as Madea, is buried and encased in steel with Obama's declaring, "I am pleased to announce that the greatest threat to mankind has now gone forever. Justice has been done."[71]
Tyler Perry as Madea was parodied in The Boondocks episode "Pause", in which a thinly disguised version of Perry named Winston Jerome played a similar character to Madea dubbed "Ma Dukes." The parody had the "Ma Duke" character running a homosexual cult.[72]
Tyler Perry was also parodied in The Cleveland Show episode "A Brown Thanksgiving" in which Auntie Momma is really Donna Tubbs's Uncle Kevin.
Personal life[edit]
Perry describes himself as a Christian.[73] He has become good friends with Janet Jackson, Will Smith, and Oprah Winfrey.[74] Many of the themes in his work reflect theology and social behavior indicative of the predominantly black church culture, such as the many scenes in both his stage and screen work that feature church settings and worship styles commonly found in predominantly African American churches, including showcases of gospel music and artists.[75]
In 2007, Perry bought a 17 acre estate[76] in the Paces neighborhood of Buckhead, Atlanta.[77][78] In May 2016, he sold the house for $17.5 million, also closing the biggest deal ever for a private home in the Georgia capital.[79] In 2013, his company, ETPC LLC, purchased around 1,100 acres (4.5 km2) in the New Manchester, Georgia area of Douglas County, Georgia.[80]
On July 20, 2009, Perry sponsored 65 children from a Philadelphia day camp to visit Walt Disney World, after reading that a suburban swim club, the Valley Swim Club in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania, had shunned them.[81] He wrote on his website, "I want them to know that for every act of evil that a few people will throw at you, there are millions more who will do something kind for them."[82]
On December 8, 2009, Perry's mother, Willie Maxine Perry, died at age 64, following an illness.[83] As of 2016, he is unmarried.[84] He lives and works in Southwest Atlanta where he operates the Tyler Perry film and TV studios.[85] In August 2010, it was reported that he had purchased Dean Gardens, a 58 acre estate in the Atlanta suburb of Johns Creek. He tore down the existing 32,000-square-foot (3,000 m2) mansion and built a new, environmentally-friendly home on the property.[86][87]
On November 30, 2014, Perry's girlfriend Gelila Bekele gave birth to his son Aman Tyler Perry.[88][89]
In September 2017, Perry purchased a house in Mulholland Estates, a gated community in Los Angeles.[90]
Perry owns vacation properties in both Wyoming and the Bahamas.[91]
Filmography[edit]
Film work[edit]
Year
Film
Credited as
Director
Writer
Producer
Actor
Role
2005 Diary of a Mad Black Woman No Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2006 Madea's Family Reunion Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2007 Daddy's Little Girls Yes Yes Yes No
2007 Why Did I Get Married? Yes Yes Yes Yes Terry Bob
2008 Meet the Browns Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe
2008 The Family That Preys Yes Yes Yes Yes Ben
2009 Madea Goes to Jail Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2009 Star Trek No No No Yes Admiral Barnett
2009 I Can Do Bad All By Myself Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe
2009 Precious No No Yes No
2010 Why Did I Get Married Too? Yes Yes Yes Yes Terry Bob
2010 For Colored Girls Yes Yes Yes No
2011 Madea's Big Happy Family Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe
2012 Good Deeds Yes Yes Yes Yes Wesley Deeds
2012 Madea's Witness Protection Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2012 Alex Cross No No No Yes Alex Cross
2013 Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor Yes Yes Yes No
2013 Tyler Perry Presents Peeples No Yes Yes No
2013 A Madea Christmas Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2014 The Single Moms Club Yes Yes Yes Yes TK
2014 Gone Girl No No No Yes Tanner Bolt
2015 Madea's Tough Love No No Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2016 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows No No No Yes Dr. Baxter Stockman
2016 Brain on Fire No No No Yes Richard
2016 Boo! A Madea Halloween Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2017 The Star No No No Yes Cyrus the Camel
2017 Boo 2! A Madea Halloween[92] Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian
2018 Vice No No No Yes Colin Powell
2018 Acrimony Yes Yes Yes No
2018 Nobody's Fool[93][94] Yes Yes Yes No
2019 A Madea Family Funeral[95][96] Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea / Joe / Brian / Heathrow
Stage work[edit]
Year
Play
Credited as
Director
Writer
Producer
Actor
Role
1998 I Know I've Been Changed Yes Yes Yes Yes Joe
2000 I Can Do Bad All By Myself Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2001 Diary of a Mad Black Woman Yes Yes Yes Yes Daddy Charles / Madea
2002 Madea's Family Reunion Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2003 Madea's Class Reunion Yes Yes Yes Yes Dr. Willie Leroy Jones / Madea
2004 Why Did I Get Married? Yes Yes Yes No
2005 Meet the Browns Yes Yes Yes No Madea (voice only)
2006 Madea Goes to Jail Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2007 What's Done in the Dark Yes Yes Yes No
2008 The Marriage Counselor Yes Yes Yes No
2009 Laugh to Keep from Crying Yes Yes Yes No
2010 Madea's Big Happy Family Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2011 A Madea Christmas Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2011 Aunt Bam's Place Yes Yes Yes No
2011 I Don't Want To Do Wrong Yes Yes Yes No
2012 The Haves and the Have Nots Yes Yes Yes No
2012 Madea Gets a Job Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2013 Madea's Neighbors from Hell Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2014 Hell Hath No Fury Like a Woman Scorned Yes Yes Yes No
2015 Madea On The Run Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
Television work[edit]
Year
Show
Credited as
Director
Writer
Producer
Actor
Role
2007–2012 Tyler Perry's House of Payne Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2009–2011 Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns Yes Yes Yes No
2011–2017 Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse Yes Yes Yes No
2013–present Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots Yes Yes Yes No
2013–2017 Tyler Perry's Love Thy Neighbor Yes Yes Yes Yes Madea
2014–present Tyler Perry's If Loving You Is Wrong Yes Yes Yes No
2016–2017 Tyler Perry's Too Close to Home Yes Yes Yes No
2018–present Tyler Perry's The Paynes Yes Yes Yes No
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Tyler Perry
See also[edit]
Disappearance of Terrance Williams and Felipe Santos – Tyler Perry offered a $100,000 reward for information in the case and has worked to raise publicity for the case.
Comedy portal
Film portal
Literature portal
Television in the United States portal
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Caverley, Alyssa. "Rebecca Romijin Joins Tyler Perry's Good Deeds". Movie Fanatic.
Jump up ^ Segal, Andy (July 23, 2009). "Perry's greatest accomplishment has nothing to do with business". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
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Jump up ^ "'Peeples' Trailer Makes Meeting the Parents More Awkward Than Usual". Screenrant.com. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
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Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry joins Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2 cast". Entertainment Weekly. April 23, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Masters, Kim (January 5, 2016). "Studios' 2017 Forecast: Big Bets, Franchise Fears and Executive Intrigue". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Christian, Margena A. (October 2008). "Becoming Tyler". Ebony. p. 78.
Jump up ^ Lodderhose, Diana (May 26, 2010). "Lionsgate brings Perry to U.K. 'Married Too?' to be released on Sept. 3". Variety.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns". Tbs. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (July 25, 2013). "OWN Greenlights 'It's Primetime' Starring Deion Sanders, Announces Lindsay Lohan Interview to Air August 18". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 20, 2013). "OWN Picks Up Tyler Perry's Sitcom 'For Better Or Worse', Orders Third Season". Deadline. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Yvonne Villarreal,, Greg Braxton (May 24, 2013). "Tyler Perry-Oprah alliance marks new turn for OWN". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Michael O'Connell (May 29, 2013). "TV Ratings: Tyler Perry Premiere Gives OWN a Record Launch". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva (May 29, 2013). "Solid Debut For Tyler Perry's 'The Haves And Have Nots' On OWN". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Rick Kissell @ratesrick. "TV Ratings – 'Love Thy Neighbor' Off to a Promising Start on OWN". Variety. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry's 'Haves and Have Nots' Rises to Series High on OWN". The Hollywood Reporter. July 31, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Williams, Brennan (August 8, 2013). "Tyler Perry 'The Haves and the Have Nots' Sets Another Series High". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Rick Kissell @ratesrick. "OWN's 'Haves and the Have Nots' Surges to Series Highs". Variety. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Braxton, Greg (13 October 2016). "Take a tour of Tyler Perry's massive new studio on a former Army base in Atlanta". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Deggans, Eric (22 February 2018). "Atlanta Is Experiencing A Film And TV Production Boom". NPR. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Black Panther' was the first movie filmed at Tyler Perry Studios' new stages". AJC.com. February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Viacom poaches Perry Retrieved June 15, 2017
Jump up ^ Exclusive: Tyler Perry's Madea Has Scored Again, This Time in Bookstores Archived September 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Quill Awards winners named". Los Angeles Times. October 12, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ The New York Times Bestseller List, Week of December 3, 2017: Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous
Jump up ^ Mitchell, Gregg (2008). "Writers at Tyler Perry Studio to Take Strike Action – Will Picket Grand Opening and Ask Invited Guests Not To Attend". Archived from the original on October 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ Finke, Nikki (November 26, 2008). "TOLDJA! Tyler Perry Studios And WGA Reach Agreement Mediated By NAACP". Deadline Hollywood.
Jump up ^ Griffin, Dee. "Meet 'Mo'Money Taxes'."[dead link] ABC24-WPTY Archived October 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., May 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Our World with Black Enterprise. May 31, 2009. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "An Open Letter to Tyler Perry". National Public Radio. September 11, 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "60 Minutes: Tyler Perry's Amazing Journey to the Top". CBS News. October 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry Tells Spike Lee to "Go To Hell!"". Hip Hollywood. April 20, 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Issie Lapowsky (October 26, 2009). "Tyler Perry responds to Spike Lee's claim that his work is comparable to 'Amos 'n' Andy'". Daily News. New York.
Jump up ^ "''All Things Considered'' "War of Words: Tyler Perry Vs. Spike Lee"". Npr.org. April 21, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry's Movie Milestone". The Huffington Post. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ McFarland, Kevin (April 29, 2013). ""The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith" | American Dad | TV Club | TV". The A.V. Club. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ward, Kate (May 4, 2011). "New 'South Park' references death of Osama bin Laden". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Braxton, Greg (June 21, 2010). "Aaron McGruder's Boondocks' lampoons Tyler Perry". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ Michael Kress. "Interview with Michael Kress: Tyler Perry, Diary of a Mad Black Woman, "Meet the Browns" Madea's Family Reunion, Daddy's Little Girls". Beliefnet.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Paper: Entertainers named in steroid report". CNN. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Landrum Jr, Jonathan (June 7, 2012). "Gospel artists flock to Atlanta to advance career". Associated press. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ ""Tyler Perry's real house of pain", ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution''". Projects.ajc.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fulton County, Georgia, Tax Records". City-data.com. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry Pays Massive Fine For Cutting Trees". www.wsbtv.com. February 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry Explains Why He Sold His Massive Mansion in Atlanta". eonline. 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Amanda (September 18, 2013). "Tyler Perry apparently buys more land in Douglas County". Retrieved September 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry sending day-care children to Disney World". CNN. Archived from the original on July 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Tyler Perry website – "I am so mad" – 07/19/09 Archived March 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry's mother dies at 64; Willie Maxine inspired Madea character". Los Angeles Times, December 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry: A Hollywood Bachelor's Take on Marriage". 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2010. CBN Lionsgate news interview with Perry re: marriage.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Perry Studios Opens in Atlanta". 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2010. Grand opening announcement for Tyler Perry Studios
Jump up ^ Katherine Q. Seelye, "In Georgia, a Megamansion is Finally Sold", New York Times, August 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ Michelle E. Shaw, "Tyler Perry to build home in Johns Creek", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Webber, Stephanie (December 4, 2014). "Tyler Perry's Girlfriend Gelila Bekele Gives Birth, Couple Welcomes Baby Boy Aman." UsMagazine.com. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Michaud, Sarah (December 4, 2014). "Tyler Perry Welcomes Son Aman Tyler." People.com. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Leitereg, Neal J. (September 5, 2017). "Tyler Perry lands a modern mansion in Mulholland Estates for $14.5 million". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kimmel, Jimmy. "Tyler Perry Interview".
Jump up ^ "Boo! 2: A Madea Halloween (2017)". Movie Insider. March 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://variety.com/2018/film/news/tiffany-haddish-tyler-perry-movie-the-list-1202718756/
Jump up ^ https://variety.com/2018/film/news/whoopi-goldberg-tiffany-haddish-tyler-perry-comedy-the-list-1202736384/
Jump up ^ http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/949639-tyler-perrys-a-madea-family-funeral-gets-a-release-date
Jump up ^ https://deadline.com/2018/05/madea-family-funeral-lionsgate-release-date-2019-1202401471/
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text:
Bed size
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Single size bed
Standard bed sizes are based on standard mattress sizes, which vary from country to country. Bed sizes also vary according to the size and degree of ornamentation of the bed frame. Dimensions and names vary considerably around the world, with most countries having their own standards and terminology. In addition, two mattresses with the same nominal size may still have slightly different dimensions, due to manufacturing tolerances, amount of padding, and support type.
Contents
[hide]
1 Table of common sizes
2 Canada and United States
2.1 Standard sizes
2.2 Other sizes
3 Europe
3.1 UK and Ireland
3.2 France
3.3 Italy
3.4 Northern Europe
3.5 Portugal
3.6 Spain
3.7 Switzerland
4 Australia
5 New Zealand
6 South Africa
7 Singapore and Malaysia
8 China
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Table of common sizes[edit]
See also: Bedding § Bedding sizes
Modern manufacturing conventions have produced many standard mattress and box spring sizes. Beds vary by country of origin as per the table below. These dimensions are for the mattress – actual bed frames are a little larger to accommodate the mattress. Mattress thickness varies considerably.
Mattress size (width × length)
US and Canada
Australia
Ireland and UK
New Zealand
Continental Europe
Japan
China
Thailand
Singapore
Brazil
Small single
or Cot
30 in × 75 in
76 cm × 191 cm 60 cm × 190 cm
24 in × 75 in 80 cm × 190 cm
31 in × 75 in 85 cm × 195 cm
33 in × 77 in 91 cm × 188 cm
36 in × 74 in
Single, Twin,
or Bunk
38[1] in × 75 in
97 cm × 191 cm 92 cm × 188 cm
36 in × 74 in 90 cm × 190 cm
35 in × 75 in 91 cm × 188 cm
36 in × 74 in 90 cm × 200 cm
35 in × 79 in 97 cm × 195 cm
38 in × 77 in 106 cm × 188 cm
42 in × 74 in 107 cm × 198 cm
42 in × 78 in 91 cm × 191 cm
36 in × 75 in 88 cm x 188 cm
35 in x 74 in
Twin extra long
38[2] in × 80 in
97 cm × 203 cm 91 cm × 203 cm
36 in × 80 in 90 cm × 210 cm
35 in × 83 in 97 cm × 205 cm
38 in × 81 in
King single
or Super single
107 cm × 203 cm
42 in × 80 in 107 cm × 203 cm
42 in × 80 in 120 cm × 200 cm
47 in × 79 in 110 cm × 195 cm
43 in × 77 in 107 cm × 191 cm
42 in × 75 in 96 cm x 203 cm
38 in x 80 in
Small double
or Three-quarter
48 in × 75 in
122 cm × 191 cm 120 cm × 190 cm
47 in × 75 in 122 cm × 195 cm
48 in × 77 in
Double or Full
54 in × 75 in
137 cm × 191 cm 138 cm × 188 cm
54 in × 74 in 135 cm × 190 cm
53 in × 75 in 137 cm × 188 cm
54 in × 74 in 140 cm × 200 cm
55 in × 79 in 140 cm × 195 cm
55 in × 77 in 152 cm × 188 cm
60 in × 74 in 122 cm × 198 cm
48 in × 78 in 138 cm x 188 cm
54 in x 74 in
Double extra long
54 in × 80 in
137 cm × 203 cm 140 cm × 205 cm
55 in × 81 in
Queen
60 in × 80 in
152 cm × 203 cm 153 cm × 203 cm
60 in × 80 in 153 cm × 203 cm
60 in × 80 in 154 cm × 195 cm
61 in × 77 in 182 cm × 188 cm
72 in × 74 in 152 cm × 198 cm
60 in × 78 in 152 cm × 191 cm
60 in × 75 in 158 cm x 198 cm
62 in x 78 in
Expanded, Super,
or Olympic queen
66 in × 80 in
168 cm × 203 cm
King
76 in × 80 in
193 cm × 203 cm or 78 in
198 cm square 183 cm × 203 cm
72 in × 80 in 152 cm × 198 cm
60 in × 78 in 167 cm × 203 cm
66 in × 80 in 160 cm × 200 cm
63 in × 79 in 170 cm × 195 cm
67 in × 77 in 182 cm × 212 cm
72 in × 83 in 183 cm × 198 cm
72 in × 78 in 183 cm × 191 cm
72 in × 75 in 193 cm x 203 cm
76 in x 80 in
California king
or King long
72 in × 84 in
183 cm × 213 cm 72 in × 84 in
183 cm × 213 cm 80 in × 80 in
203 cm × 203 cm 170 cm × 205 cm
67 in × 81 in
Grand king,
Super king,
Athletic King
or Texas king
80 in × 98 in
203 cm × 249 cm 203 cm × 203 cm
80 in × 80 in 180 cm × 200 cm
71 in × 79 in 183 cm × 203 cm
72 in × 80 in 180 cm × 200 cm
71 in × 79 in
194 cm × 205 cm
76 in × 81 in
Canada and United States[edit]
Standard North American sizes
A pillowtop queen-size mattress.
Standard sizes[edit]
Standard bed sizes in the US and Canada are:
Twin or single
38 in × 75 in (97 cm × 191 cm)
It is an untrue rumor that a single bed is sometimes smaller than a twin.[3]
Full or double
54 in × 75 in (137 cm × 191 cm)
Queen
60 in × 80 in (152 cm × 203 cm)
King
76 in × 80 in (193 cm × 203 cm)
Foundation or box spring size can be of two single L or twin XL.
California king
72 in × 84 in (183 cm × 213 cm)
Other sizes[edit]
Single L or twin XL
39 in × 80 in (99 cm × 203 cm)[4]
Three-quarters
48 in × 75 in (122 cm × 191 cm)[5]
Full XL
54 in × 80 in (137 cm × 203 cm)
Texas (or athletic) king
80 in × 98 in (203 cm × 249 cm)
California queen waterbed insert
Used for conventional mattresses inside a waterbed frame. Subtract 2.0 inches from California queen waterbed size.
58 in × 82 in (147 cm × 208 cm)
California king waterbed insert
Used for conventional mattresses inside a waterbed frame. Subtract 2.0 inches from California king waterbed size.
70 in × 82 in (178 cm × 208 cm)
Europe[edit]
UK and Ireland[edit]
Most modern beds/mattresses sold in the UK and Ireland are constructed using metric dimensions.
Size
Dimensions
Notes
Small-single 75 cm × 190 cm (30 in × 75 in)[citation needed] Common UK size for hospitality (zip & link) twin beds as beds can be combined to make a king bed.[citation needed]
European single 75 cm × 190 cm (30 in × 75 in)[citation needed]
Standard single 90 cm × 190 cm (35 in × 75 in)[citation needed] Ireland standard hospitality sized single, two mattresses can be zip linked to make a Super king bed.
Small-double (Three Quarter)/Queen 120 cm × 190 cm (47 in × 75 in)[citation needed]
Standard Double 135 cm × 190 cm (53 in × 75 in)[citation needed]
King 152 cm × 198 cm (60 in × 78 in)[citation needed]
Extra-king 180 cm × 190 cm (71 in × 75 in)[citation needed] Hospitality size formed by zip & linking two standard single beds together.[citation needed]
Superking 180 cm × 200 cm (71 in × 79 in)[citation needed] Also known as "European King".
Eastern King 200 cm × 210 cm (79 in × 83 in)[citation needed]
Emperor 215 cm × 215 cm (85 in × 85 in)[citation needed]
Caesar 245 cm × 220 cm (96 in × 87 in)[citation needed]
It is worth noting that "bed size" in the UK generally refers to mattress size. This is because mattresses have a standard size grading, whereas bed frames do not. While many companies in the UK do offer bespoke bed making services, most mass-produced bed linens, bed frames and mattresses fit only the standard bed sizes above. A Queen size mattress in the UK is often misunderstood to be one of the larger sizes as is the case in many other parts of the world. However, at 120cm in width, it is smaller than a UK double. Another common mistake is to use a mattress size as the required space for the full dimensions of the bed and mattress.
France[edit]
Single size beds are usually 90 cm wide by 190 cm long.
Most common sizes for double beds are:
140 cm wide by 190 cm long
160 cm wide by 200 cm long
180 cm wide by 200 cm long (less common, but increasing popularity).
Due to the popularity of imported beds (especially from IKEA), the 200 cm length is becoming more common.[citation needed]
Italy[edit]
In Italy, beds are classified by name and use the term Piazza as in "one place" Standard sizes are:[citation needed]
Una piazza or singolo ("single")
80 cm (31.5 inches) wide by 190 cm long
Una piazza e mezza (1½)
120 cm (47.2 inches) wide by 190 cm long
Due piazze or letto matrimoniale
160 cm (62.99 inches) wide by 190 cm long
Less common:[citation needed]
Piazza francese or "Piazza e Mezza francese"
140 cm x 190 cm
Due to the popularity of imported beds (especially from IKEA), the 200 cm length is becoming more common.[citation needed]
Northern Europe[edit]
These sizes are for Germany, Poland, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. There are some variations between the Nordic countries and the Baltic nations, but these are the most common sizes:
Single:
80 cm × 190 cm (31 in × 75 in), traditional standard for bunk beds in Germany
90 cm × 190 cm (35 in × 75 in), traditional standard in Germany
75 cm × 200 cm (30 in × 79 in), standard in Norway[citation needed]
80 cm × 200 cm (31 in × 79 in), common variant in Finland[citation needed]
90 cm × 200 cm (35 in × 79 in), standard single bed in Sweden and Germany.
90 cm × 210 cm (35 in × 83 in)
90 cm × 200 cm (35 in × 79 in), common variant in The Netherlands
90 cm × 220 cm (35 in × 87 in), Xlarge variant in The Netherlands
100 cm × 200 cm (39 in × 79 in), now very common in Germany
105 cm × 200 cm (41 in × 79 in)
120 cm × 200 cm (47 in × 79 in)[citation needed]
Double:
120 cm × 200 cm (47 in × 79 in), referred to as a "doubter" in the Netherlands, somewhat common for younger people
140 cm × 200 cm (55 in × 79 in)
150 cm × 200 cm (59 in × 79 in), common
160 cm × 200 cm (63 in × 79 in), very common[citation needed], common variant in Finland[citation needed]
180 cm × 200 cm (71 in × 79 in), very common double bed in current Swedish and Norwegian standards[citation needed]
180 cm × 210 cm (71 in × 83 in)
200 cm × 200 cm (79 in × 79 in) (very wide)
Most beds are 200 cm (79 in) cm long. Extra long beds are usually 220 cm (87 in), but they are rare.
Portugal[edit]
In Portugal the most common sizes for beds are:
Solteiro (single) 80 cm (31.5 inches) wide by 190 cm long (can go up to 105 cm wide by 200 cm long)
Casal (double) 140 cm (55 in) wide by 190, 195 or 200 cm long
Queen Size 160 cm (63 inches) or 180 cm (71 inches) wide by 190, 195 or 200 cm long
King Size 180 cm (71 inches) wide by 190, 195 or 200 cm long
Super King Size 200 cm (78.74 inches) wide by 200 cm long
Spain[edit]
In Spain the most common sizes are:
180/190/200 cm long
80/90/105/120/135/150 cm wide, the most common:
"Individual" (single) = 90 cm wide
"Matrimonio" (marital) = 135/150 cm wide
Switzerland[edit]
Single:
70 cm × 200 cm (28 in × 79 in), only used for double beds with two separate mattresses
80 cm × 200 cm (31 in × 79 in), only used for double beds with two separate mattresses
90 cm × 200 cm (35 in × 79 in), common single bed
120 cm × 200 cm (47 in × 79 in), uncommon, mainly available as European-style futon beds that are sold with mattress, slats and frame
140 cm × 200 cm (55 in × 79 in), common, especially among young people
Double:
160 cm × 200 cm (63 in × 79 in), common
180 cm × 200 cm (71 in × 79 in), common
200 cm × 200 cm (79 in × 79 in), proposed when enough space is available
Australia[edit]
The following bed sizes are available in Australia
Single
92cm x 188cm[6] (36in x 74in)
Long Single
92cm x 204cm (36in x 80in)
Three-quarter (obsolete, but still present)
120 cm × 188 cm (47in x 74in)
King Single
107cm x 203cm (42in x 80in)
Double
138cm x 188cm (54in x 74in)
Queen
153cm x 203cm (60in x 80in - Same as American Queen)
King
183cm x 203cm (72in x 80in)
California King
183cm x 213cm (72in x 82in)
Super King
204 cm x 204cm (80in x 80in)
New Zealand[edit]
The following bed sizes are available in New Zealand
Single
91cm x 188cm
Single XL
91cm x 203cm
Three-quarter (uncommon)
120 cm × 188 cm
King Single
107cm x 203cm
Double
137cm x 188cm
Queen
153cm x 203cm
King
167cm x 203cm
Super King
183cm x 203cm
Californian King
203cm x 203cm
Water Bed King
213cm x 203cm
South Africa[edit]
The following bed sizes are available in South Africa:
Single
92 cm × 188 cm
Three-quarter
107 cm × 188 cm
Double
137 cm × 188 cm
Queen
152 cm × 188 cm
King
183 cm × 188 cm (equals two single mattresses)
Beds are also available in extra length, which is 200 cm.
Singapore and Malaysia[edit]
The following bed sizes are available in Singapore and Malaysia:
Single
36 in × 75 in (91 cm x 191 cm)
Super single
42 in × 75 in (107 cm × 191 cm)
Queen (double)
60 in × 75 in (152 cm × 191 cm)
King (double)
72 in × 75 in (183 cm × 191 cm)
China[edit]
In China, the regulation standard has following sizes available:[7]
Length: 1900 mm, 1950 mm, 2000 mm, 2100 mm;
Width: Single: 800 mm, 900 mm, 1000 mm, 1100 mm, 1200 mm;
Width: Double: 1350 mm, 1400 mm, 1500 mm, 1800 mm.
In practice, bed sizes are usually categorized by the width. The length is typically two metres, but may vary. The most common sizes are:
1.2 m
120 cm × 200 cm (47 in × 79 in)
1.5 m
150 cm × 200 cm (59 in × 79 in)
1.8 m
180 cm × 200 cm (71 in × 79 in)
There are also extra size beds available, but they are less common.
See also[edit]
Design portal
Infant bed
Bed sheet
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://bettersleep.org/mattresses-and-more/mattress-sizes
Jump up ^ http://bettersleep.org/mattresses-and-more/mattress-sizes
Jump up ^ Apodaca, Frank (25 March 2017). "Single vs Twin Bed Size". The Sleep Judge. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Auer, Joe (22 December 2016). "Mattress Sizes And Dimensions- A Comprehensive Overview". Mattress Clarity. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "What size is a three-quarter bed?". Reference. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Single Bed Size & Mattress Dimensions — Standard". www.standardbedsizes.com. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ "中华人民共和国轻工业标准 QB/T1952.2—99 -- 弹 簧 软 床 垫". 国家轻工业局. 1999-07-12. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
External links[edit]
Media related to Beds at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to Mattresses at Wikimedia Commons
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