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Always on My Mind
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For other uses, see Always on My Mind (disambiguation).
"Always on My Mind"
Song by Gwen McCrae
Published
1972
Songwriter(s)
Wayne Carson, Johnny Christopher, Mark James
"Always on My Mind" is an American country music song by Johnny Christopher, Mark James and Wayne Carson, recorded first by Gwen McCrae (as "You Were Always On My Mind") and Brenda Lee in 1972.
AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers.[1] While Brenda Lee's version had stalled at #45 on the country charts in 1972, other performers would reach the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere with their own versions: Elvis Presley in 1972; John Wesley Ryles in 1979; Willie Nelson's Grammy Award winning version in 1982; Pet Shop Boys in 1987; Loretta Lynn in 2016.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Elvis Presley version
2.1 Personnel
2.2 Charts
3 John Wesley Ryles' version
3.1 Charts
4 Willie Nelson version
4.1 Chart history
5 Pet Shop Boys version
5.1 Charts
6 Other cover versions
7 References
8 External links
Composition[edit]
Wayne Carson said that he wrote most of the song in 10 minutes at his kitchen table in Springfield, Missouri, and completed the song in studio with the assistance of Johnny and Mark.[citation needed]
Carson, who had the song about a year and one day, was finishing a recording session. Producer Chips Moman asked about recording "that mind" song, but added it would need a bridge. Wayne went upstairs to the studio's old piano, trying to work out a bridge, when Johnny and Mark walked in the door, and he asked for their help to complete his song.[citation needed]
The trio felt that the song was finished and at first could not come up with anything to add, but Wayne explained that Moman was insisting that a bridge be added. So between them, the two-line "Tell me..." bridge was written.[citation needed]
The song was passed to one of Elvis's bodyguards, who gave Presley the cut from the studio. Moman did not produce Presley's recording, but did record the Willie Nelson version years later.[citation needed]
Elvis Presley version[edit]
"Always on My Mind"
Single by Elvis Presley
A-side
"Separate Ways"
Released
November 1972
Format
7", 45rpm
Recorded
March 29, 1972, RCA Studios, Hollywood, California
Genre
Country, soft rock , Gospel
Label
RCA Records
Songwriter(s)
Wayne Carson, Johnny Christopher, Mark James
Producer(s)
Felton Jarvis[2]
Elvis Presley singles chronology
"Burning Love"
(1972) "Always on My Mind"
(1972) "Fool" / "Steamroller Blues"
(1973)
"Burning Love"
(1972) "Separate Ways" / "Always on My Mind"
(1972) "Fool" / "Steamroller Blues"
(1973)
Elvis Presley recorded his version of "Always on My Mind" on March 29, 1972, a few weeks after his February separation from wife Priscilla.[3] The song received immense fame and critical appreciation and is considered one of the standout songs of the '70s for Elvis. The song was released as the B-side of the "Separate Ways" single, which reached Gold status in the U.S for sales of over a million copies. It was listed as a double sided hit reaching number 16 on Billboard magazine's Hot Country Singles chart in November 1972.[4] In the UK "Always on My Mind" was the hit song and "Separate Ways" was the B-side. It was voted the #1 song of Presley's recording career in a poll conducted by ITV in 2013.[5]
Personnel[edit]
recorded March 27–29, 1972, RCA’s Studio C., Hollywood
Elvis Presley, vocals
James Burton, guitar
John Wilkinson, guitar
Charlie Hodge, guitar
Emory Gordy, bass guitar
Ronnie Tutt, drums
Glen Hardin, piano
J.D. Sumner and the Stamps, back-up vocals
later overdubs:
Jerry Carrigan, percussion
Dennis Linde, guitar
unknown strings and horns
Charts[edit]
1972 Weekly Chart
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[6] 20
US Hot Country Singles (Billboard)[6] 16
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[6] 3
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 4
Dutch Top 40 17
French Singles Chart 56
Ireland (IRMA)[7] 9
Swiss Singles Chart 39
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[8] 9
John Wesley Ryles' version[edit]
"You Are Always on My Mind"
Single by John Wesley Ryles
from the album Let the Night Begin
B-side
"My Angel Got Her Wings Today"
Released
October 13, 1979
Format
7" single
Genre
Country
Length
3:40
Label
MCA
Songwriter(s)
Wayne Carson, Johnny Christopher, Mark James
Producer(s)
Bob Montgomery[9]
John Wesley Ryles singles chronology
"Liberated Woman"
(1979) "You Are Always on My Mind"
(1979) "Perfect Strangers"
(1980)
"Liberated Woman"
(1979) "You Are Always on My Mind"
(1979) "Perfect Strangers"
(1980)
In 1979, John Wesley Ryles reached number 20 on the US country charts with his rendition, entitled "You Are Always on My Mind", from the album Let the Night Begin.[10]
A review in Billboard praised the "brightly mixed vocals" and "powerful production".[9]
Charts[edit]
1979 Weekly Chart
Peak
position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[11] 20
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 24[12]
Willie Nelson version[edit]
"Always on My Mind"
Single by Willie Nelson
from the album Always on My Mind
B-side
"The Party's Over"
Released
March 6, 1982
Genre
Country
Length
3:33
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Wayne Carson, Johnny Christopher, Mark James
Producer(s)
Chips Moman
Willie Nelson singles chronology
"Heartaches of a Fool"
(1981) "Always on My Mind"
(1982) "Let It Be Me"
(1982)
"Heartaches of a Fool"
(1981) "Always on My Mind"
(1982) "Let It Be Me"
(1982)
Audio sample
file
help
Willie Nelson recorded and released the song in early 1982. It raced to number one on Billboard magazine's Hot Country Singles chart that May, spending two weeks on top and total of 21 weeks on the chart. The song also did very well on Top 40 radio, reaching number five on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and staying on this chart for 23 weeks. In the year end charts, it was Billboard's biggest Country hit for 1982. This version also charted in a number of other countries.
Nelson's version would result in three wins at the 25th Grammy Awards in February 1983: songwriters Christopher, James and Carson won Song of the Year and Best Country Song; in addition, Nelson won for Best Male Country Vocal Performance.
This version also won Country Music Association awards in two consecutive years: 1982 Song of the Year and 1983 Song of the Year for songwriters Christopher, James and Carson; 1982 Single of the Year for Nelson, and; contributed to Nelson winning 1982 Album of the Year for the album "Always on My Mind".
Willie Nelson performed the number with Johnny Cash on the 1998 release of VH1 Storytellers: Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson. The song was also featured on a December 2009 ASPCA commercial.
The single was certified Platinum by the RIAA signifying U. S. sales in excess of two million. In 2008, the single was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Nelson's version was also featured, in its entirety, in a season two (2013) episode of the HBO television series The Newsroom.
Chart history[edit]
1982 Weekly Chart
Peak
position
Australian Kent Music Report[13] 39
Belgian Top 40 (Flanders)[14] 31
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks 4
Canadian RPM Top Singles 10
Dutch Singles Chart 17
Irish Singles Chart 8
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[15] 1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[16] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[17] 5
UK Singles Chart 49
1982 Year-End Chart
Position
Canadian RPM Top Singles[18] 70
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 22
US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks[19] 8
US Billboard Hot Country Singles[19] 1
US Cashbox Top 100[20] 31
Pet Shop Boys version[edit]
"Always on My Mind"
Single by Pet Shop Boys
B-side
"Do I Have to?"
Released
November 30, 1987
Format
7", 12", cassette, CD
Genre
Synthpop, Euro disco, Hi-NRG
Length
3:56 (single mix)
8:10 (extended mix)
9:04 (album version)
Label
Parlophone – R 6171
Songwriter(s)
Mark James, Johnny Christopher, Wayne Carson Thompson
Producer(s)
Julian Mendelsohn, Pet Shop Boys
Pet Shop Boys singles chronology
"Rent"
(1987) "Always on My Mind"
(1987) "Heart"
(1988)
"Rent"
(1987) "Always on My Mind"
(1987) "Heart"
(1988)
Alternative cover
Cover for the US release
Audio sample
file
help
In 1987, the Pet Shop Boys performed a synthpop version of "Always on My Mind" on Love Me Tender, a television special on the ITV network in the UK. Commemorating the tenth anniversary of Presley's death, the programme featured various popular acts of the time performing cover versions of his hits. The Pet Shop Boys' performance was so well-received that the duo decided to record the song and release it as a single.
This version became the UK's Christmas number one single that year. It went on to top the charts for four weeks in total, and reached number four on the US Billboard Hot 100.[21][22]
The Pet Shop Boys version introduces a harmonic variation not present in the original version. In the original the ending phrase "always on my mind" is sung to a IV-V7-I cadence (C-D7-G). The Pet Shop Boys extend this cadence by adding two further chords: C-D7-Gm7/B♭-C-G (i.e. a progression of IV-V7-IIIb-IV-I).
In November 2004, The Daily Telegraph newspaper placed the version at number two in a list of the fifty greatest cover versions of all time.[23] In October 2014, a public poll compiled by the BBC saw the song voted the all-time best cover version.[24]
In the video for Pet Shop Boys' version of "Always on My Mind" (an excerpt from their surreal music film It Couldn't Happen Here), Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe are seated in the front of a taxi cab, when an eccentric passenger gets in, played by notable British actor Joss Ackland. At the end of the song, he gets out of the car, which drives away. Standing alone, he mutters: "You went away. It should make me feel better. But I don't know how I'm going to get through", which is part of the lyrics for another Pet Shop Boys track, "What Have I Done to Deserve This?", which was released earlier in the year.
In 1988, the duo remixed the song for their third studio LP, Introspective, combining it with an acid-house track called "In My House".
In 2008, Konami used the song for Dance Dance Revolution X which was released for both arcades and the Sony PlayStation 2 console. In 2010, the song was re-used for Dance Dance Revolution X2 which was released for arcades.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1987/1988)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[25] 10
Austrian Singles Chart[26] 2
Belgian Singles Chart (Vl)[27] 2
Canadian Singles Chart[28] 1
Dutch Singles Chart[29] 5
European Singles Chart[citation needed] 1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[30] 1
French Singles Chart[31] 22
German Singles Chart[32] 1
Irish Singles Chart[33] 2
Italian Singles Chart[34] 9
New Zealand Singles Chart[35] 8
Norwegian Singles Chart[36] 3
Polish Singles Chart[37] 1
South African Singles Chart[38] 3
Spain (AFYVE)[39] 1
Swedish Singles Chart[40] 1
Swiss Singles Chart[41] 1
UK Singles Chart[21] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[22] 4
US Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs Chart[22] 8
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales Chart[22] 12
Other cover versions[edit]
In 2013, the Spanish national Christmas lottery advertisement [42] covered this song with various popular Spanish artists, including Montserrat Caballé.
In 2017, Jessica Mauboy covered the song on her album, The Secret Daughter Season Two: Songs from the Original 7 Series.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ""Always on My Mind" – search results". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
Jump up ^ George Klein; Chuck Crisafulli. Elvis: My Best Man: Radio Days, Rock 'n' Roll Nights, and My Lifelong ... Books.google.com. p. 233. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
Jump up ^ Guralnick, Peter / Jorgensen, Ernst (1999) p. 310. Elvis: Day by Day. ISBN 0-345-42089-6
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Country Billboard Singles". The Official Elvis Presley Website. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
Jump up ^ "The Nation’s Favourite Elvis Song: Top 20 Results and Winner". Telly Chat. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c Elvis Presley Billboard Chart Positions at AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-07-14.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Always on My Mind". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Elvis Presley: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard. Books.google.com. 1979-10-06. p. 85. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 367. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ "John Wesley Ryles – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for John Wesley Ryles.
Jump up ^ "RPM Country Tracks for December 29, 1979". RPM. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop Belgian Charts". ultratop.be. 1984-07-21. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Willie Nelson – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for Willie Nelson.
Jump up ^ "Willie Nelson – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Willie Nelson.
Jump up ^ "Willie Nelson – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.6167&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
^ Jump up to: a b c "Willie Nelson – Always on My Mind". billboard.com. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles – 1982". Cashboxcountdowns.com. 1982-12-25. Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "ChartArchive – Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". Chartstats.com. 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Pet Shop Boys (2009-12-21). "Pet Shop Boys – Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ "They did it their way". The Daily Telegraph. London. November 20, 2004. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
Jump up ^ "Pet Shop Boys' Always On My Mind tops cover version vote". BBC News. 27 October 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW, Australia: Australian Chart Book. p. 232. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". austriancharts.at. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ "PET SHOP BOYS - ALWAYS ON MY MIND (SONG)". Archived from the original on 2015-01-15. Retrieved 2016-06-29.
Jump up ^ "Results – RPM – Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Pennanen, Timo (2006). Sisältää hitin – levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972 (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Tammi. ISBN 978-951-1-21053-5.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". lescharts.com. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ "charts.de". charts.de. 2006-11-14. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Jaclyn Ward – Fireball Media Group. "The Irish Charts – All there is to know". Irishcharts.ie. Archived from the original on 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Hit Parade Italia – Indice per Interprete: P". Hitparadeitalia.it. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". charts.org.nz. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Archiwum Listy Przebojów Programu Trzeciego". lp3.pl. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
Jump up ^ Brian Currin (2003-05-25). "South African Rock Lists Website – SA Charts 1969 – 1989 Acts (P)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Pet Shop Boys – Always on My Mind". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Mountain Music"
by Alabama Billboard Hot Country Singles
number-one single
May 8–15, 1982 by Willie Nelson Succeeded by
"Just to Satisfy You"
by Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson
Preceded by
"Single Women"
by Dolly Parton RPM Country Tracks
number-one single
June 5–12, 1982 by Willie Nelson Succeeded by
"Listen to the Radio"
by Don Williams
Preceded by
"Fire and Smoke"
by Earl Thomas Conley Billboard Hot Country Singles
number-one single of the year
1982 by Willie Nelson Succeeded by
"Jose Cuervo"
by Shelly West
Preceded by
"China in Your Hand" by T'Pau UK number one single
December 20, 1987 – January 9, 1988 by Pet Shop Boys Succeeded by
"Heaven Is a Place on Earth" by Belinda Carlisle
Preceded by
"Reet Petite" by Jackie Wilson UK Singles Chart Christmas number-one single
1987 by Pet Shop Boys Succeeded by
"Mistletoe and Wine" by Cliff Richard
Preceded by
"Wishing Well" by Terence Trent D'Arby Canadian RPM Singles Chart number-one single
May 21, 1988 – May 28, 1988 by Pet Shop Boys Succeeded by
"Beds Are Burning" by Midnight Oil
[show]
v
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e
Elvis Presley singles discography
1950s
1954
"That's All Right" / "Blue Moon of Kentucky"
"Good Rockin' Tonight" / "I Don't Care if the Sun Don't Shine"
"You're a Heartbreaker"
1955
"Baby Let's Play House"
"I Forgot to Remember to Forget" / "Mystery Train"
1956
"Heartbreak Hotel" / "I Was the One"
"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You" / "My Baby Left Me"
"Don't Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog"
"Blue Suede Shoes" / "Tutti Frutti"
"Money Honey"
"I Got a Woman"
"Tryin' to Get to You"
"Blue Moon"
"I'll Never Let You Go (Lil' Darlin')" / "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You)"
"Shake, Rattle and Roll" / "Lawdy Miss Clawdy"
"Love Me Tender"
1957
"Too Much" / "Playing for Keeps"
"All Shook Up"
"Peace in the Valley
"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"
"Paralyzed" (UK)
"Jailhouse Rock"
"Party" / "Got a Lot o' Livin' to Do!" (UK)
1958
"Don't"
"Wear My Ring Around Your Neck"
"Hard Headed Woman" / "Don't Ask Me Why"
"King Creole" (UK)
"One Night"
1959
"I Need Your Love Tonight" / "A Fool Such as I"
"A Big Hunk o' Love"
1960s
1960
"Stuck on You" / "Fame and Fortune"
"It's Now or Never"
"Are You Lonesome Tonight?"
1961
"Surrender" / "Lonely Man"
"I Feel So Bad" / "Wild in the Country"
"(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame" / "Little Sister"
"Can't Help Falling in Love" / "Rock-A-Hula Baby"
1962
"Good Luck Charm" / "Anything That's Part of You"
"She's Not You"
"Return to Sender" / "Where Do You Come From"
1963
"One Broken Heart for Sale"
"(You're the) Devil in Disguise"
"Bossa Nova Baby" / "Witchcraft"
1964
"Kissin' Cousins" / "It Hurts Me"
"What'd I Say" / "Viva Las Vegas"
"Such a Night" / "Never Ending"
"Ask Me" / "Ain't That Loving You Baby"
"Blue Christmas"
1965
"Do the Clam" / "You'll Be Gone"
"Crying in the Chapel
"(Such an) Easy Question"
"I'm Yours"
"Puppet on a String" / "Wooden Heart"
1966
"Tell Me Why" / "Blue River"
"Frankie and Johnny" / "Please Don't Stop Loving Me"
"Love Letters"
"Spinout" / "All That I Am"
"If Every Day Was Like Christmas"
1967
"Indescribably Blue"
"Long Legged Girl (With the Short Dress On)" / "That's Someone You Never Forget"
"There's Always Me" / "Judy"
"Big Boss Man" / "You Don't Know Me"
1968
"Guitar Man"
"U.S. Male" / "Stay Away"
"You'll Never Walk Alone"
"Your Time Hasn't Come Yet, Baby" / "Let Yourself Go"
"Almost in Love" / "A Little Less Conversation"
"If I Can Dream" / "Edge of Reality"
1969
"Memories" / "Charro!"
"How Great Thou Art"
"In the Ghetto" / "Any Day Now"
"Clean Up Your Own Backyard"
"Suspicious Minds" / "You'll Think of Me"
"Don't Cry Daddy"
1970s
1970
"Kentucky Rain"
"The Wonder of You"
"I've Lost You"
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" / "Patch It Up"
"I Really Don't Want to Know" / "There Goes My Everything"
1971
"Rags to Riches"
"Life" / "Only Believe"
"I'm Leavin'"
"It's Only Love"
"Merry Christmas Baby" / "O Come All Ye Faithful"
1972
"Until It's Time for You to Go"
"He Touched Me"
"An American Trilogy" / "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
"Burning Love" / "It's a Matter of Time"
"Separate Ways" / "Always on My Mind"
1973
"Steamroller Blues" / "Fool"
"Raised on Rock" / "For Ol' Times Sake"
1974
"I've Got a Thing About You Baby"
"If You Talk in Your Sleep" / "Help Me"
"Promised Land" / "It's Midnight"
1975
"My Boy" / "Thinking About You"
"T-R-O-U-B-L-E"
"Bringing It Back" / "Pieces of My Life"
1976
"Hurt" / "For the Heart"
"Moody Blue"
1977
"Way Down"
"My Way" / "America the Beautiful"
1978
"Unchained Melody" / "Softly as I Leave You"
Book
Category
Portal
WikiProject
[show]
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Brenda Lee
Albums
Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!
Brenda Lee
This Is...Brenda
Emotions
All the Way
Sincerely, Brenda Lee
All Alone Am I
..."Let Me Sing"
Brenda, That's All
Gospel Duets with Treasured Friends
Other albums
The Winning Hand
Singles
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
"One Step at a Time"
"Let's Jump the Broomstick"
"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
"Sweet Nothin's"
"That's All You Gotta Do"
"I'm Sorry"
"I Want to Be Wanted"
"Emotions"
"You Can Depend on Me"
"Dum Dum"
"Fool #1
"Break It to Me Gently"
"Speak to Me Pretty"
"Everybody Loves Me But You"
"Here Comes That Feeling"
"Heart in Hand"
"It Started All Over Again"
"All Alone Am I"
"Your Used to Be"
"She'll Never Know"
"Losing You"
"I Wonder"
"My Whole World Is Falling Down"
"The Grass Is Greener"
"As Usual"
"Think"
"Alone with You"
"When You Loved Me"
"Truly, Truly True"
"Is It True"
"Jingle Bell Rock"
"Too Many Rivers"
"Rusty Bells"
"Coming on Strong"
"Johnny One Time"
"Let It Be Me"
"Always on My Mind"
"Sunday Sunrise"
"Wrong Ideas"
"Big Four Poster Bed"
"Rock on Baby"
"He's My Rock"
"Tell Me What It's Like"
"The Cowgirl and the Dandy"
"Broken Trust"
Other singles
"Hallelujah, I Love You So"
"America the Beautiful"
Songs
"Fly Me to the Moon"
"The Letter"
"Our Day Will Come"
Related topics
Discography
Connie Francis
Skeeter Davis
Ricky Nelson
Lesley Gore
Red Foley
Muruga Booker
Book:Brenda Lee
[show]
v
t
e
UK Christmas number-one singles in the 1980s
"There's No One Quite Like Grandma" (St Winifred's School Choir, 1980)
"Don't You Want Me" (The Human League, 1981)
"Save Your Love" (Renée and Renato, 1982)
"Only You" (The Flying Pickets, 1983)
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" (Band Aid, 1984)
"Merry Christmas Everyone" (Shakin' Stevens, 1985)
"Reet Petite" (Jackie Wilson, 1986)
"Always on My Mind" (Pet Shop Boys, 1987)
"Mistletoe and Wine" (Cliff Richard, 1988)
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" (Band Aid II, 1989)
Complete list
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
[show]
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Willie Nelson singles discography
1950s
and
1960s
1957
"No Place For Me" / "Lumberjack"
1959
"Man With the Blues" / "The Storm Has Just Begun"
1960
"What a Way to Live" / "Misery Mansion"
"Nite Life" / "Rainy Day Blues"
1961
"The Part Where I Cry" / "Mr. Record Man"
1962
"Willingly" / "Chain of Love"
"Touch Me" / "Where My House Lives"
"Wake Me When It's Over" / "There's Gonna Be Love In My House"
"You Dream About Me" / "Is This My Destiny"
1963
"Half a Man" / "The Last Letter"
"Take My Word" / "Feed it a Memory"
1964
"How Long is Forever" / "You Took My Happy Away"
"Am I Blue" / "There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight"
"River Boy" / "Opportunity to Cry"
"I Never Cared For You" / "You Left Me (A Long Time Ago)"
"Pretty Paper" / "What A Merry Christmas This Could Be"
1965
"She's Not For You" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Healing Hands of Time" / "One Day at the Time"
"I Just Can't Let You Say Goodbye" / "And So Will You, My Love"
1966
"One In A Row" / "San Antonio Rose"
"Colombus Stockade Blues" / "He Sits at my Table"
"I'm Still Not Over You"/ "I Love You Because"
1967
"The Party's Over" / "Make Way for a Better Man"
"Blackjack County Chain" / "Some Other World"
"San Antonio" / "To Make a Long Story Short"
1968
"Little Things" / " Sweet Memories"
"Good Times" / "Where Do You Stand"
"Johnny One Time" / "She's Still Gone"
1969
"Bring Me Sunshine" / "Don't Say Love or Nothing"
"I Hope So" / "Right or Wrong"
1970s
1970
"Once More With Feeling" / "Who Do I Know in Dallas"
"Laying My Burdens Down" / "Truth Number One"
1971
"I'm a Memory" / "Fire and Rain"
"Yesterday's Wine" / "Me and Paul"
1972
"Words Don't Fit the Picture" / "A Moment"
1973
"Shotgun Willie" (mono) / "Sad Songs and Waltzes"
"Stay All Night (Stay a Little Longer)" / "Devil in a Sleepin' Bag"
1974
"I Still Can't Believe You're Gone" / "Heaven and Hell"
"Bloody Mary Morning" / "After the Fire is Gone"(with Tracy Nelson)
"Sister's Comin' Home" (mono) / "Pick Up The Tempo"
1975
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" / "Bandera"
1976
"Remember Me (When the Candle Lights Are Gleaming)" / "Time of the Preacher"
"I'd Have to Be Crazy" (mono) / "Amazing Grace"
"If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time" / "The Sound in Your Mind"
1977
"Uncloudy Day" / "Precious Memories"
"I Love You A Thousand Ways" / "Mom and Dad's Waltz"
1978
"Georgia on My Mind" / "On The Sunny Side Of The Street"
"Blue Skies" / "Moonlight in Vermont"
"All of Me" / "Unchained Melody"
1979
"Whiskey River" / "Under the Double Eagle"
"September Song" / "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"White Christmas" / "Blue Christmas"
1980s
1980
"Help Me Make It Through the Night" / "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33"
"My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" / "Rising Stars"
"Midnight Rider" / "So You Think You're A Cowboy"
"On the Road Again"/ "Jumpin' Cotton Eyed Joe"(performed by Johnny Gimble)
1981
"Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground" / "I Guess I've Come to Live Here in Your Eyes"
"Mona Lisa" / "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star"
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" / "Over the Rainbow"
"Heartaches of a Fool" / "Uncloudy Day"
1982
"Always on My Mind" / "The Party's Over"
"Let It Be Me" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning" / "Old Fords and a Natural Stone"
1983
"Little Old Fashioned Karma" / "Beer Barrel Polka"
"Why Do I Have to Choose" / "Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)"
"Take It to the Limit" / "Till I Gain Control Again"
"Without a Song"
1984
"City of New Orleans (Unedited version)" / "Why Are You Pickin' On Me"
1985
"Forgiving You Was Easy" / "You Wouldn't Cross the Street"
"Me and Paul" / "I Let My Mind Wander"
1986
"Living in the Promiseland" / "Bach Minuet in G"
"I'm Not Trying to Forget You" / "I've Got the Craziest Feeling"
1987
"Partners After All" / "Home Away From Home"
"Heart of Gold" / "So Much Like My Dad"
"Island in the Sea" / "There Is No Easy Way"
1988
"Nobody There But Me" / "Wake Me When It's Over"
"Spanish Eyes" (with Julio Iglesias) / "Ole Buttermilk Sky"
"Twilight Time" / "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"
1989
"Nothing I Can Do About It Now" / "If I Were a Painting"
"There You Are" / "Spirit"
"Is The Better Part Over" / "Mr. Record Man"
1990s
1990
"The Highway" / "Spirit"
"Ain't Necessarily So" / "I Never Cared For You" ("Ain't Necessarily So" also on CD Single)
1991
"The Piper Came Today" / "(I Don't Have a Reason) To Go To California Anymore" ("The Piper Came Today" also on CD Single)
"Ten With a Two" / "You Decide"
1993
"Graceland"
"Still is Still Moving to Me" / "Valentine"
1995
"Turn Me Loose and Let Me Swing"
1998
"I Never Cared for You"
2000s
and
2010s
2002
"Mendocino County Line" (with Lee Ann Womack) / "Maria (Shut Up and Kiss Me)" (Both single tracks released on CD and 7" record)
2003
"Wurlitzer Prize" (with Norah Jones)
"Beer for My Horses" (with Toby Keith)
2005
"I'm a Worried Man" (with Toots Hibbert)
"The Harder They Come"
2006
"You Don't Know Me"
"Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other"
2008
"Gravedigger"
"You Don't Think I'm Funny Anymore"
2011
"The Scientist"
2012
"Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die"
"Just Breathe"
"Come On Back Jesus"
2013
"From Here to the Moon and Back" (with Dolly Parton)
"Grandma's Hands" (with Mavis Staples)
"It Won't Be Long" (with The Secret Sisters)
"Somewhere Between" (with Loretta Lynn)
2014
"The Wall"
"Bring It On"
"Laws of Nature"
"Who'll Buy My Memories"
2015
"It's All Going to Pot"
Book:Willie Nelson
Category:Willie Nelson
[show]
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"Euroboy"
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It Couldn't Happen Here
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Pet Shop Boys: A Life In Pop
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MCMLXXXIX
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Back to Mine: Pet Shop Boys
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[show]
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Disco (1986)
"Paninaro"
Actually (1987–1988)
"It's a Sin"
"What Have I Done to Deserve This?"
"Rent"
"Heart"
Introspective (1988–1989)
"Always on My Mind"
"Domino Dancing"
"Left to My Own Devices"
"It's Alright"
Behaviour (1990–1991)
"So Hard"
"Being Boring"
"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?"/"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)"
"Jealousy"
Discography (1991)
"DJ Culture"
"Was It Worth It?"
Very (1993–1994)
"Can You Forgive Her?"
"Go West"
"I Wouldn't Normally Do This Kind of Thing"
"Liberation"
"Yesterday, When I Was Mad"
Alternative (1995)
"Paninaro '95"
Bilingual (1996–1997)
"Before"
"Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is)"/"To Step Aside"
"Single-Bilingual"
"A Red Letter Day"
Nightlife (1999–2000)
"I Don't Know What You Want But I Can't Give It Any More"
"New York City Boy"
"You Only Tell Me You Love Me When You're Drunk"
Release (2002–2003)
"Home and Dry"
"I Get Along"
"London"
PopArt (2003–2004)
"Miracles"
"Flamboyant"
Fundamental (2006)
"I'm with Stupid"
"Minimal"
"Numb"
Disco 4 (2007)
"Integral"
Yes (2009)
"Love Etc."
"Did You See Me Coming?"
"Beautiful People"
Ultimate (2010)
"Together"
Elysium (2012)
"Winner"
"Leaving"
"Memory of the Future"
Electric (2013-14)
"Axis"
"Vocal"
"Love Is a Bourgeois Construct"
"Thursday"
"Fluorescent"
Super (2016)
"The Pop Kids"
"Twenty-something"
"Inner Sanctum"
"Say It to Me"
"Undertow"
Non-album singles
"One More Chance"
"Absolutely Fabulous"
"Hallo Spaceboy"
"Somewhere"
"Break 4 Love"
"She's Madonna"
"Love Life"
[show]
v
t
e
Grammy Award for Song of the Year (1980s)
1980
Kenny Loggins & Michael McDonald - "What a Fool Believes"
1981
Christopher Cross - "Sailing"
1982
Donna Weiss & Jackie DeShannon - "Bette Davis Eyes"
1983
Johnny Christopher, Mark James & Wayne Carson - "Always on My Mind"
1984
Sting - "Every Breath You Take"
1985
Graham Lyle & Terry Britten - "What's Love Got to Do with It"
1986
Michael Jackson & Lionel Richie - "We Are the World"
1987
Burt Bacharach & Carole Bayer Sager - "That's What Friends Are For"
1988
James Horner, Barry Mann & Cynthia Weil - "Somewhere Out There"
1989
Bobby McFerrin - "Don't Worry, Be Happy"
Complete list
(1960s)
(1970s)
(1980s)
(1990s)
(2000s)
(2010s)
[show]
v
t
e
Billboard Year-End Hot Country Songs number one single of the year
1980–1989
1980: "My Heart" – Ronnie Milsap
1981: "Fire and Smoke" – Earl Thomas Conley
1982: "Always on My Mind" – Willie Nelson
1983: "José Cuervo" – Shelly West
1984: "To All the Girls I've Loved Before" – Julio Iglesias and Willie Nelson
1985: "Lost in the Fifties Tonight (In the Still of the Night)" – Ronnie Milsap
1986: "Never Be You" – Rosanne Cash
1987: "Give Me Wings" – Michael Johnson
1988: "Don't Close Your Eyes" – Keith Whitley
1989: "A Better Man" – Clint Black
1990–1999
1990: "Nobody's Home" – Clint Black
1991: "Don't Rock the Jukebox" – Alan Jackson
1992: "I Saw the Light" – Wynonna Judd
1993: "Chattahoochee" – Alan Jackson
1994: "I Swear" – John Michael Montgomery
1995: "Sold (The Grundy County Auction Incident)" – John Michael Montgomery
1996: "My Maria" – Brooks & Dunn
1997: "It's Your Love" – Tim McGraw and Faith Hill
1998: "Just to See You Smile" – Tim McGraw
1999: "Amazed" – Lonestar
2000–2009
2000: "How Do You Like Me Now?!" – Toby Keith
2001: "Ain't Nothing 'bout You" – Brooks & Dunn
2002: "The Good Stuff" – Kenny Chesney
2003: "My Front Porch Looking In" – Lonestar
2004: "Live Like You Were Dying" – Tim McGraw
2005: "That's What I Love About Sunday" – Craig Morgan
2006: "If You're Going Through Hell (Before The Devil Even Knows)" – Rodney Atkins
2007: "Watching You" – Rodney Atkins
2008: "Just Got Started Lovin' You" – James Otto
2009: "I Run to You" – Lady Antebellum
2010–2019
2010: "Love Like Crazy" – Lee Brice
2011: "Crazy Girl" – Eli Young Band
2012: "Time Is Love" – Josh Turner
2013: "Cruise" – Florida Georgia Line
2014: "This Is How We Roll" – Florida Georgia Line featuring Luke Bryan
2015: "Take Your Time" – Sam Hunt
2016: "H.O.L.Y." - Florida Georgia Line
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Always_on_My_Mind&oldid=802926876"
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Invasion (Grey's Anatomy)
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"Invasion"
Grey's Anatomy episode
Izzie Stevens trying to fight Adamson, as the latter wants to take O'Malley's old locker.
Episode no.
Season 6
Episode 5
Directed by
Tony Phelan
Written by
Mark Wilding
Featured music
"Clap"
"I Want You Now"
"Your Ghost"
Original air date
October 15, 2009 (2009-10-15)
Running time
43 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
Jesse Williams as Dr. Jackson Avery
Nora Zehetner as Dr. Reed Adamson
Robert Baker as Dr. Charles Percy
Héctor Elizondo as Carlos Torres
Sarah Drew as Dr. April Kepner
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Tainted Obligation" Next →
"I Saw What I Saw"
Grey's Anatomy (season 6)
List of Grey's Anatomy episodes
"Invasion" is the fifth episode of the 6th season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and the show's 107th episode overall. It was written by Mark Wilding and directed by Tony Phelan. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on October 15, 2009. In the episode, the physicians of Seattle Grace Hospital must learn to co-operate with new Mercy West residents, who do not act in a kind manner to them. Other storylines include Dr. Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez)'s father returning to the hospital to condemn her homosexuality, and Dr. Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) putting her career into jeopardy after administering the wrong treatment to a patient.
The episode was Heigl's last appearance before her five-episode hiatus to film a movie. It is set in a fictional hospital in Seattle, Washington. Héctor Elizondo returned as a guest star, while Jesse Williams, Sarah Drew, Robert Baker, and Nora Zehetner made their first appearances. "Invasion" received generally positive reviews, with critics praising Drew's, Jessica Capshaw's, Ellen Pompeo's, and Sandra Oh's performances. Upon its initial airing, the episode in the United States was viewed by 13.79 million people, garnered a 5.0/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic and ranked third for the night in terms of viewership.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
3.1 Broadcasting
3.2 Critical reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The hospital receives several surgical residents from Mercy West as they enter Seattle Grace, a repercussion of the recent merger. Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) is recovering from her liver transplantation surgery, after donating a portion of it to her father. In the residents' lounge, Dr. Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) tries to explain to Mercy West resident Dr. Reed Adamson (Nora Zehetner) that she should not use a certain locker, due to it formerly belonging to the deceased Dr. George O'Malley (T.R. Knight). Adamson ignores her wishes, and uses the locker, leading Stevens to threatening to fight her. Shortly thereafter, Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) and Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) are working in the emergency room, when Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) embarrasses Yang by taking Mercy West resident Dr. Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams)' side in a disagreement. Despite her mindset that all Mercy West residents would act in the manner of Adamson, Stevens develops a friendship with Dr. Charles Percy (Robert Baker). After months of the two not speaking, Dr. Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez)'s father, Carlos (Héctor Elizondo), shows up to the hospital with a priest, trying to condemn Torres for her concurrence in homosexuality.
Under the supervision of Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Lexie works with Mercy West resident Dr. April Kepner (Sarah Drew) on a burglar, and the two get in several disagreements, leading Lexie to steal her diary. Dr. Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and Adamson continuously argue over the course of treatment for a patient, leading the patient's daughter to yell at them in disbelief. Angry about the revelation that Percy (who later apologized saying that they can be friends outside the hospital, but not inside) was using her, Stevens accidentally administers the wrong dialysis to a patient, making her an unviable candidate for the kidney transplant she was scheduled to receive. After arguing over surgical cases for the entirety of the day, Yang comes to the realization that she needs a cardiothoracic surgeon to work at the hospital. After being mistreated by Kepner, Lexie begins to mock her about what is written in her diary, thus ruining her emotionally, but subsequently apologizes. Dr. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Torres' girlfriend, talks to Carlos, and convinces him to accept his daughter's sexuality. Having found out about Stevens' mistake, Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) reprimands her reports her to the chief of surgery Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.). Webber asks Stevens to come into her office, and he fires her from the staff, noting that Hunt, Shepherd, and Karev had concerns with her coming back to work so early. Stevens departs, writing Karev a Dear John letter, causing him to cry in front of Meredith and Yang.
Production[edit]
The idea of quoting bible verses came from Héctor Elizondo, who guest starred as Callie Torres' father.
The episode was written by Mark Wilding and directed by Tony Phelan. Jenny Barak edited the episode's music and Donald Lee Harris served as production designer. Eric Dane (Dr. Mark Sloan) was absent from the episode.[1] Featured music included The Myrmidon's "Clap", Traildriver's "I Want You Now", and Greg Laswell's remake of "Your Ghost".[2] "Invasion" was the last episode Heigl appeared in, before her five-episode hiatus to film the romantic comedy Life As We Know It.[3]
Wilding called the guest stars "a blast to work with". He deemed the theme of the episode "invasion", adding that all the character's lives were being invaded.[4] In the episode, Stevens makes a mistake, following a disagreement with Percy. Wilding commented that Stevens was originally seeking friendship with Percy, because he reminded her of O'Malley.[4] At the conclusion of the episode, Torres ultimately reunites with her father Carlos. Wilding offered his insight on this and the overall episode:
"Shonda came up with the idea of Mr. Torres showing up with the family priest. I immediately said YES because anytime I can see Hector Elizondo on my TV screen, I'm all for it. In the scene where he's quoting the Bible at Callie, he really is afraid he's going to lose her. He's desperate, yanking out those index cards like her very life depends on it. It was Hector's idea to use the cards. He didn't think his character would know that stuff of the top of his head, which is how I originally wrote it. And he was right. And it worked beautifully. And that final scene when he and Callie are outside the hospital and he's asking her if she'll still get married, still have kids… I really, really liked that scene. And I really, really liked their whole story. All told, I thought the episode came out pretty well."
—  Mark Wilding, Grey Matter[4]
Reception[edit]
Broadcasting[edit]
"Invasion" was first broadcast on October 15, 2009 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company. The episode was viewed by a total of 13.79 million people,[5] down 0.34% from the previous episode "Tainted Obligation", which garnered 14.13 million viewers.[6] In terms of viewership, "Invasion" ranked third for the night, just behind CBS's juggernauts CSI and The Mentalist.[5] The episode did not win in viewership, but its 5.0/13 Nielsen rating ranked first in its 9:00 Eastern time-slot and the entire night, for both the rating and share percentages of the key 18–49 demographic, beating out CSI, The Mentalist, Private Practice, and The Office.[5] Although its rating won for the night, it was a decrease from the previous episode, which garnered a 5.4/14 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.[6]
The episode's development of Sandra Oh's character was well received.[7]
Critical reception[edit]
The episode received positive reviews among television critics. The Los Angeles Times' Carina MacKenzie's review of the episode was largely positive, though she called it "immature" of the episode's writers to have the characters in constant battle with one another, and deemed the Mercy West resident's orange scrubs unnecessary.[8] MacKenzie highly praised the characterization of Kepner, in addition to Capshaw's performance, commenting: "Jessica Capshaw has an incredible ability to take even the most melodramatic of Grey's [Anatomy] speeches and deliver them with a subtlety and an honesty that makes them come off as sincere instead of overwrought."[8] MacKenzie concluded that Karev, Yang, and Meredith had appropriate reactions to Stevens' departure.[8]
Michael Pascua of The Huffington Post praised the scene in which Yang broke down to Meredith, noting the exceptional chemistry between them.[7] Pascua was positive of the storyline between Torres, Carlos, and Robbins, writing that it was nice to see an emphasis on the gay storyline.[7] Adam Bryant of TV Guide wrote that Baker's character "seems like the only decent guy in the bunch",[9] though PopSugar asserted that Williams' character "proves to be most likable of the new doctors".[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Writers: Mark Wilding. Director: Tony Phelan (October 15, 2009). "Invasion". Grey's Anatomy. Season 6. American Broadcasting Company.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy "Invasion" Music". TV Fanatic. SheKnows Entertainment. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Exclusive: Katherine Heigl takes 'Grey's Anatomy' leave of absence". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. September 2, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wilding, Mark (October 15, 2009). "Mark Wilding on 'Invasion'..." Grey Matter. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Seidman, Robert (October 16, 2009). "Broadcast Finals: Bones, The Office, Grey's Anatomy, The Mentalist up, Private Practice down a tick". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (October 9, 2009). "Thursday broadcast finals: The Office, Bones, Grey's, Supernatural up; Community, Private Practice down a tick". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pascua, Michael (October 16, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy: Invasion". Huffington Post. AOL Inc. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c MacKenzi, Carina (October 16, 2009). "'Grey's Anatomy': Mercy West is in, Izzie Stevens is out". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bryant, Adam (October 16, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy Episode Recap: "Invasion" Season 6, Episode 4". TV Guide. Retrieved July 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy Rundown, "Invasion"". PopSugar. Sugar Inc. October 20, 2009. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
External links[edit]
"Invasion" at ABC.com
"Invasion" at TV.com
"Invasion" on IMDb
[hide]
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Grey's Anatomy episodes
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"If Tomorrow Never Comes"
Season 2
"Into You Like a Train"
"It's the End of the World"
"As We Know It"
"Losing My Religion"
Season 3
"Time Has Come Today"
"I Am a Tree"
"Great Expectations"
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"Invasion"
"I Saw What I Saw"
"Give Peace a Chance"
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"Death and All His Friends"
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"Puzzle With a Piece Missing"
"Got to Be Real"
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"Bend & Break"
"Don't Let's Start"
"One Flight Down"
"How to Save a Life"
"She's Leaving Home"
"Time Stops"
"You're My Home"
Season 12
"Sledgehammer"
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"
"Something Against You"
"Things We Lost in the Fire"
"The Sound of Silence"
"Family Affair"
Season 13
"True Colors"
Season 14
"Danger Zone"
"Personal Jesus"
"All of Me"
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Banyan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the tree. For other uses, see Banyan (disambiguation).
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Banyan (also Banian)
Banyan with characteristic adventitious prop roots
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Subgenus: Ficus subg. Urostigma
Species
Species include:
F. aurea
F. benghalensis
F. citrifolia
F. elastica
F. macrophylla
F. microcarpa
F. pertusa
F. retusa
F. rubiginosa
F. tinctoria
A banyan, also spelled "banian",[1] is a fig that begins its life as an epiphyte,[2] i.e. a plant that grows on another plant, when its seed germinates in a crack or crevice of a host tree or edifice. "Banyan" often specifically denominates Ficus benghalensis (the "Indian banyan"), which is the national tree of the Republic of India,[3] though the name has also been generalized to denominate all figs that share a common life cycle and used systematically in taxonomy to denominate the subgenus Urostigma.[4]
Contents
1 Characteristics
2 Etymology
3 Classification
4 In horticulture
5 In culture
5.1 Religion and mythology
5.2 Notable specimens
5.3 Other
5.4 See also
6 References
7 External links
Characteristics[edit]
Like other fig species, including the common edible fig Ficus carica, banyans bear multiple fruit in structures denominated "syncarps". The syncarp of Ficus species supplies shelter and food for fig wasps and, in turn, the trees are totally dependent on the fig wasps for pollination.
Frugivore birds disperse the seeds of banyans. The seeds are small, and because most banyans grow in woodlands, a seedling that germinates on the ground is unlikely to survive. However, many seeds fall on the branches and stems of other trees or on human edifices, and when they germinate they grow roots down toward the ground and consequently may envelop part of the host tree or edifice. For this reason banyans bear the colloquial name "strangler fig". A number of tropical banyan species that compete for sunlight, especially of the genus Ficus, exhibit this strangling habit.[5][6][page needed][7]
The leaves of the banyan tree are large, leathery, glossy, green, and elliptical. Like most figs, the leaf bud is covered by two large scales. As the leaf develops the scales abscise. Young leaves have an attractive reddish tinge.[8]
Older banyan trees are characterized by aerial prop roots that mature into thick, woody trunks, which can become indistinguishable from the primary trunk with age. Old trees can spread laterally by using these prop roots to grow over a wide area. In some species, the prop roots develop over a considerable area that resembles a grove of trees, with every trunk connected directly or indirectly to the primary trunk. The topology of this massive root system inspired the name of the hierarchical computer network operating system "Banyan VINES".
Looking upward inside a strangler fig where the host tree has rotted away, leaving a hollow, columnar fig tree
In a banyan that envelops its host tree, the mesh of roots growing around the latter eventually applies considerable pressure to and commonly kills it. Such an enveloped, dead tree eventually decomposes, so that the banyan becomes a "columnar tree" with a hollow, central core. In jungles, such hollows are very desirable shelters to many animals.
Different parts of the tree are known to be helpful in treating diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia and nervous disorders.[9] Banyan trees have many different health benefits due to the many endophytes that they host in their aerial roots. These endophytes have a symbiotic relationship with the tree by providing the tree with protection from microbes, and the tree in return hosts the endophytes.[10] These endophytes also help the tree by protecting them against pathogens and by helping their fitness by nitrogen fixation.
In an experiment, these endophytes from the aerial roots of a banyan tree were examined to see how well they would be able to fight off certain bacteria strains that highly affect different plants. An ICMS approach was used to test the virulence of the endophytes against the bacteria. The results indicate that there is a broad spectrum of anti-fungal activity present in the tree's aerial roots that can be used as anti-fungal agents in other plants as well, after further development.[10] The banyan tree is a versatile organism that is highly adapted to its environment. Its aerial roots help it survive in a warm and moist environment as well as provide the large tree with structural support. It also has adapted to having symbiotic relationships with many organisms spanning from endophytes to humans. For example, the tree hosts the endophytes and the endophytes provide it protection from pathogens and nutrients. The tree can provide humans shelter as well as many different health-related benefits like antioxidants from its bark.[11]
Etymology[edit]
The name was originally given to F. benghalensis and comes from India, where early travellers observed that the shade of the tree was frequented by Banyans (a corruption of Baniyas, a community of Indian traders).[12]
In the Gujarati language, banya means "grocer or merchant", not "tree". The Portuguese picked up the word to refer specifically to Hindu merchants, and passed it along to the English as early as 1599 with the same meaning. By 1634, English writers began to tell of the banyan tree, a tree under which Hindu merchants conducted their business. The tree provided a shaded place for a village meeting or for merchants to sell their goods. Eventually, "banyan" became the name of the tree itself.[citation needed]
Classification[edit]
The original banyan, F. benghalensis, can grow into a giant tree covering several hectares. Over time, the name became generalized to all strangler figs of the Urostigma subgenus. The many banyan species include:
Ficus microcarpa, which is native to Sri Lanka, China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Taiwan, the Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Australia, Ryukyu Islands and New Caledonia, is a significant invasive species elsewhere.
The Central American banyan (Ficus pertusa) is native to Central America and northern South America, from southern Mexico south to Paraguay.
The shortleaf fig (Ficus citrifolia) is native to southern Florida, the Caribbean Islands, Central America, and South America south to Paraguay. One theory is that the Portuguese name for F. citrofolia, os barbados, gave Barbados its name.
The Florida strangler fig (Ficus aurea) is also native to southern Florida and the Caribbean Islands, and distinguished from the above by its coarser leaf venation.
The Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson fig (Ficus rubiginosa) are other related species.
In horticulture[edit]
Early stages of a strangler fig on a host tree in the Western Ghats, India
Due to the complex structure of the roots and extensive branching, the banyan is used as a subject specimen in penjing and bonsai. The oldest, living bonsai in Taiwan is a 240-year-old banyan tree housed in Tainan.[13]
In culture[edit]
Religion and mythology[edit]
Banyan trees figure prominently in several Asian and Pacific religions and myths, including:
The banyan tree is the national tree of India. It is also called Indian or Bengal fig. This tree is considered sacred in India and can be seen near a temple or religious center. It is a big tree and gives shade to travelers in very hot summer months. An old custom offers worship to this tree.
In Hinduism, the leaf of the banyan tree is said to be the resting place for the god Krishna.
In the Bhagavat Gita, Krishna said, "There is a banyan tree which has its roots upward and its branches down, and the Vedic hymns are its leaves. One who knows this tree is the knower of the Vedas." (Bg 15.1) Here the material world is described as a tree whose roots are upwards and branches are below. We have experience of a tree whose roots are upward: if one stands on the bank of a river or any reservoir of water, he can see that the trees reflected in the water are upside down. The branches go downward and the roots upward. Similarly, this material world is a reflection of the spiritual world. The material world is but a shadow of reality. In the shadow there is no reality or substantiality, but from the shadow we can understand that there is substance and reality.
The banyan tree is also considered sacred and is called vat vriksha (IAST vaṭa vṛkṣa, वट वृक्ष) in Sanskrit, in Telugu known as: మర్రి చెట్టు; marri chettu, in Kannada language known as: 'Alada mara' and in Tamil known as: 'ஆல மரம்' ; ala maram. The god Shiva as Dakshinamurthy is nearly always depicted sitting in silence under the banyan with rishis at his feet. It is thought of as perfectly symbolizing eternal life due to its seemingly unending expansion.
In spoken Marathi, the tree is known as vad (वड), derived from the original Sanksrit word vaṭa for the tree. Married Marathi women observe a fast called Vat Savitri Vrat for the well-being and long life of their husband. Tying a thread around the banyan or vat tree is an important part of the ritual.[14][self-published source]
In modern parlance in the Hindi language, it is known as bargad, vatavriksh, and barh.
In Buddhism's Pali canon, the banyan (Pali: nigrodha)[15] is referenced numerous times.[16] Typical metaphors allude to the banyan's epiphytic nature, likening the banyan's supplanting of a host tree as comparable to the way sensual desire (kāma) overcomes humans.[17]
The Lam Tsuen Wishing Trees (林村許願樹) are banyan, and are a popular shrine in Hong Kong. They are located near the Tin Hau Temple in Lam Tsuen.
In many stories of Philippine mythology, the banyan (locally known as balete or balite) is said to be home to a variety of spirits (diwata and engkanto) and demon-like creatures (among the Visayans, specifically, the dili ingon nato, meaning "those not like us"). Maligno (evil spirits, from Spanish for 'malign') associated with it include the kapre (a giant), duwende (dwarves), and the tikbalang (a creature whose top half is a horse and whose bottom half is human).[18][self-published source] Children at a young age are taught never to point at a fully mature banyan tree for fear of offending the spirits that dwell within them, most especially when they are new to the place. Filipinos always uttered a respectful word or two to the spirits in the banyan tree when they are near one, walking near or around it to avoid any harm. Nearly every Filipino believes that provoking the spirits in a banyan tree can cause one great harm, illness, misfortune, untold suffering, and death.
In Guam, the Chamorro people believe in tales of taotaomona, duendes, and other spirits. Taotaomona are spirits of the ancient Chamorro that act as guardians to banyan trees.[19]
In Sabah, formerly North Borneo, Nunuk Ragang or Red Banyan is traditionally considered to be the site of the longhouses, sheltering the 10 families (immigrants from Taiwan or Southern China) who were the ancestors of the present-day kadazan-Dusun population of 555,647 (2010 census).[citation needed]
Notable specimens[edit]
Thimmamma Marrimanu
Thimmamma Marrimanu is a banyan tree in Anantapur, located circa 35 km from the town of Kadiri in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is present in the Indian Botanical Gardens and is more than 200 years old. It is reported to be the world's biggest tree with a canopy of 19,107 m2. Its branches spread over 8 acres, hence it was recorded as the biggest tree in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1989.[citation needed]
One of the largest trees, the Great Banyan is found in Kolkata, India. It is said to be more than 250 years old.
Another such tree, Dodda Aalada Mara as in "Big Banyan Tree", is found in the outskirts of Bangalore, India; it has a spread of circa 2.5 acres.[20]
One of the most famous banyan trees, Kabirvad was planted on an island in a river in Bharuch, Gujarat, India. Records show that Kabirvad is more than 300 years old.
Another famous banyan tree was planted in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Records show that it is more than 200 years old.
The Iolani Palace banyans in Honolulu, Hawaii. In the 1880s Queen Kapiolani planted two banyan trees within the Iolani Palace grounds. These trees have since grown into large groupings of trees on the old historic palace grounds.[21]
Maui, Hawaii has a banyan tree planted by William Owen Smith in 1873 in Lahaina's Courthouse Square. It has grown to cover two-thirds of an acre.[20]
In rural parts of India, many villages and towns have a traffic circle and a community gathering place around a big banyan tree. At night, many people come to sit, relax, and chat around it. Usually, a small deity is placed and worshipped at its foot.[citation needed]
Large banyan tree in Punjab, Pakistan
Ta Prohm in the Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia boasts giant banyans growing around and through its walls.
Several banyans grow near downtown Hilo, Hawaii, United States. Some of them were planted by celebrities in the 20th century and form Banyan Drive.
Banyans occur in areas of Australia such as the Daintree Rainforest in Tropical North Queensland. Well known is the Curtain Fig Tree on the Atherton Tablelands.
Thomas A. Edison planted the first banyan tree in the continental United States in Fort Myers, Florida, in an attempt with Henry Ford to find a more cost-effective way to produce rubber for car tires. The tree, originally only 4 feet (1.2 m) tall, now covers one acre of the estate.
One large banyan tree, Kalpabata, is inside the premises of Jagannath Temple in Puri. It is considered sacred by the devotees and is supposed to be more than 500 years old.[22]
A large banyan tree lives in Cypress Gardens, at the Legoland theme park located in Winter Haven, Florida. It was planted in 1939 in a 5-gallon bucket.[23]
Other[edit]
The coat of arms of Indonesia
The banyan is part of the coat of arms of Indonesia. It is meant to symbolize the unity of Indonesia - one country with many far-flung roots. As a giant tree, it also symbolizes power. Soeharto used it as a logo for his party, the Golongan Karya (Golkar), taking advantage of the deeply rooted belief of his fellow-countrymen and women in the sacred (sakti) nature of the banyan.
The Economist magazine features an opinion column covering topics pertaining to Asia named "Banyan".[24]
In southern Vanuatu, the clearings under banyan trees are used as traditional meeting places. The quarterly newsletter of the British Friends of Vanuatu Society is named Nabanga, after the local word for banyan.[25]
The Banyan Tree is the name of one of the most fiendishly difficult rooms in the 1984 ZX Spectrum game Jet Set Willy.[26]
See also[edit]
Bodhi Tree
The Great Banyan
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Banian". Dictionary.com. Random House. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Laman, Timothy G. (1995). "The Ecology of Strangler Fig Seedling Establishment". Selbyana. 16 (2): 223–9. JSTOR 41759910.
Jump up ^ "National Tree". Know India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Note the use of "Banyan" versus "banyan" in Athreya, Vidya R. (July 1997). "Nature Watch: Trees with a Difference: The Strangler Figs". Resonance. Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru. 2 (7): 67–74. ; also "Aerial-Rooting Banyan Trees". Natural History Guide To American Samoa. University of Washington. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Zhou Zhekun; Gilbert, Michael G. (2003). "Moraceae". In Zhengyi Wu; Raven, Peter H.; Deyuan Hong. Flora of China (PDF). Volume 5. pp. 21–73. ISBN 1-930723-27-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Serventy, Vincent (1984). Australian Native Plants. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Reed. ISBN 0-7301-0020-0.
Jump up ^ "Light in the Rainforest" (PDF). Tropical Topics. Vol. 1 no. 5. Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage. 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "The Banyan Tree". The Lovely Plants. 14 September 2010.
Jump up ^ P., Joshisree K.; G., Rajesh; R., Siddarama (2018-01-01). "Corticosteroids Induced Ecchymosis". International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 10 (1): 211. doi:10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i1.22212. ISSN 0975-1491.
^ Jump up to: a b "Back cover". Chemical Communications. 53 (36): 5072–5072. 2017. doi:10.1039/c7cc90165h. ISSN 1359-7345.
Jump up ^ "Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 92 (1): 47–51. 2004-05-01. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.020. ISSN 0378-8741.
Jump up ^ Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1903). Crooke, William, ed. Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive (New ed.). London: J. Murray. p. 65.
Jump up ^ "Small Is the Old Big". Taipei Times. 22 September 2005.
Jump up ^ "Significance of Vat Savitri Puja". Hindu Blog.
Jump up ^ Pali Text Society, London (1921–25). Rhys Davids, T. W.; Stede, William, eds. The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary. Chipstead. p. 355, entry "Nigrodha,". Retrieved 22 November 2008.
Jump up ^ See, for instance, the automated search of the SLTP ed. of the Pali Canon for the root "nigrodh" which results in 243 matches "Search term 'Nigrodh' found in 243 pages in all documents". Bodhgayanews.net. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
Jump up ^ See, e.g., SN 46.39, "Trees [Discourse]," trans. by Bhikkhu Bodhi (2000), Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Saṃyutta Nikāya (Boston: Wisdom Publications), pp. 1593, 1906 n. 81; and, Sn 2.5 v. 271 or 272 (Fausböll, 1881, p. 46).
Jump up ^ Magdalena, Fred. "About the Mysterious Balete Tree". BONSAIpinoy (Blog). Archived from the original on 26 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ghost stories: Taotaomona, duendes and other spirits inhabit Guam". Pacific Daily News. Guam. 28 October 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b John R. K. Clark (2001). Hawai'i place names: shores, beaches, and surf sites. University of Hawaii Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8248-2451-8.
Jump up ^ Friday Frights: The Ghosts Who Haunt Hawai‘i’s Historic ‘Iolani Palace Honolulu Magazine. By Diane Lee. Oct. 6, 2017. Downloaded Sept. 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Attractions of Jagannath Temple, Temples inside Jagannath Temple, Kasi Biswanath Mandira, Koili Baikuntha".
Jump up ^ "LEGOLAND Florida The Belle of Theme Parks". 20 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "In the shade of the banyan tree". The Economist. 8 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Home Page
Jump up ^ "CRASH 4 - Jet Set Willy".
External links[edit]
Look up banyan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banyans.
Stranglers and Banyans, palomar.edu
Plant Cultures: Banyan tree history and botany, plantcultures.org.uk
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