text:
Liturgical year
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Ecclesiastical year" redirects here. For the Jewish ecclesiastical new year, see Hebrew calendar § New year.
For Dom Guéranger's series of books, see The Liturgical Year.
"Christian year" redirects here. For John Keble's series of poems, see The Christian Year.
Part of a series on
Christianity
Jesus
Christ
[show]
Jesus in Christianity
Son of God
Virgin birth
Ministry
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Bible
Foundations
[show]
Old Testament
New Testament
Gospel
Canon
Books
Church
Creed
New Covenant
Theology[show]
God
Trinity
Father
Son
Holy Spirit
Apologetics
Baptism
Catholicism
Christology
History of theology
Mission
Patriology
Pneumatology
Salvation
History
Tradition
[show]
Mary
Joseph
Apostles
Peter
Paul
Fathers
Early Christianity
Constantine
Councils
Augustine
East–West Schism
Crusades
Aquinas
Luther
Protestant Reformation
Radical Reformation
Related topics[hide]
Art
Holidays (list)
Criticism
Culture
Ecumenism
Liturgy
Music
Other religions
Prayer
Sermon
Symbolism
Denominations
Groups
[show]
Western
Adventist
Anabaptist
Anglican
Baptist
Calvinist
Catholic
Charismatic
Evangelical
Lutheran
Methodist
Pentecostal
Protestant
Eastern
Eastern Orthodox
Oriental Orthodox
Assyrian
Nontrinitarian
Jehovah's Witness
Latter Day Saint
Oneness Pentecostal
Christianity portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Christian culture
Christian culture
[hide]
Protestant culture
Holidays
Pop culture
Mormon culture
Cultural Christian
Art
[hide]
Christian symbolism
Early art
Christian icons
Architecture
Literature
[hide]
American Catholic literature
Bible fiction
Christian drama
Christian poetry
Christian novel
Christian science fiction
Spiritual autobiography
Music
[hide]
CCM
Christmas music
Church music
Gospel music
Liturgical music
Science
[hide]
Catholic Church and science
Quakers in science
Christian scientists
Catholic scientists
Christian Nobel laureates
Catholic cleric-scientists
History
[hide]
Christianity in Civilization
Eastern Orthodox history
Christian influences in Islam
Christianity portal
v
t
e
The liturgical year, also known as the church year or Christian year, as well as the kalendar,[1] consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of Scripture are to be read either in an annual cycle or in a cycle of several years.
Distinct liturgical colours may appear in connection with different seasons of the liturgical year. The dates of the festivals vary somewhat between the different churches, though the sequence and logic is largely the same.
Contents
[hide]
1 Liturgical cycle
2 Biblical calendars
3 Eastern Christianity
3.1 East Syrian Rite
3.1.1 Liturgical Calendar
3.1.1.1 Annunciation (Subara)
3.1.1.2 Epiphany (Denha)
3.1.1.3 Great Fast (Sawma Rabba)
3.2 Eastern Orthodox Church
3.2.1 Pascha
3.2.2 The twelve Great Feasts
3.2.3 Other feasts
3.2.4 Cycles
4 Western Christianity
4.1 Catholic Church
4.2 Anglican Church
4.3 Protestantism
4.4 Liturgical calendar
4.4.1 Advent
4.4.2 Christmastide
4.4.3 Ordinary Time
4.4.4 Septuagesima/Pre-Lenten Season
4.4.5 Lent and Passiontide
4.4.6 Easter Triduum
4.4.7 Eastertide
4.4.8 Ordinary Time, Time after Pentecost, Time after Trinity, or Kingdomtide
4.4.9 Calendar of saints
4.4.9.1 Hierarchy of feast days
4.4.9.2 Assumption of Mary
5 Secular observance
6 See also
7 References
8 Resources
9 External links
Liturgical cycle[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Liturgical year
Western
Advent
Christmastide
Epiphanytide
Ordinary Time
Pre-Lent / Shrovetide
Lent
Holy Week
Paschal Triduum
Eastertide
Pentecost
Ordinary Time / Kingdomtide
Eastern
Nativity Fast
Christmastide
Ordinary Time
Pre-Great Lent
Great Lent
Eastertide
Apostles' Fast
Ordinary Time
v
t
e
The liturgical year of some western churches other than the Catholic Church, indicating the liturgical colours.
The liturgical cycle divides the year into a series of seasons, each with their own mood, theological emphases, and modes of prayer, which can be signified by different ways of decorating churches, colours of paraments and vestments for clergy, scriptural readings, themes for preaching and even different traditions and practices often observed personally or in the home. In churches that follow the liturgical year, the scripture passages for each Sunday (and even each day of the year in some traditions) are specified in a lectionary.
After the Protestant Reformation, Anglicans and Lutherans continued to follow the lectionary of the Roman Rite. Following a decision of the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church revised that lectionary in 1969, adopting a three-year cycle of readings for Sundays and a two-year cycle for weekdays.
Adaptations of the revised Roman Rite lectionary were adopted by Protestants, leading to the publication in 1994 of the Revised Common Lectionary for Sundays and major feasts, which is now used by many Protestant denominations, including also Methodists, Reformed, United, etc. This has led to a greater awareness of the traditional Christian year among Protestants, especially among mainline denominations.
Biblical calendars[edit]
Scholars are not in agreement about whether the calendars used by the Jews before the Babylonian captivity were solar (based on the return of the same relative position between the sun and the earth), lunisolar (based on months that corresponded to the cycle of the moon, with periodic additional months to bring the calendar back into agreement with the solar cycle) like the present-day Hebrew calendar, or purely lunar, as the Hijri calendar.[2]
The first month of the year was called אביב (Aviv) (derived from Ipip as the eleventh month of the non-lunar Egyptian calendar that is also the origin of Abib as the tenth month of the non-lunar Ethiopian calendar),[3] meaning the month of green ears of grain.[4] It thus occurred in the spring.
At about the time of the Babylonian captivity, the Jews adopted as the name for the month the term ניסן (Nisan),[5] based on the Babylonian name Nisanu.[6] Thomas J Talley says that the adoption of the Babylonian term occurred even before the captivity.[7]
In the earlier calendar, most of the months were simply called by a number (such as "the fifth month"). The Babylonian-derived names of the month that are used by Jews are:
Nisan (March–April)
Iyar (April–May)
Sivan (May–June)
Tammuz (June–July)
Av (July–August)
Elul (August–September)
Tishrei (September–October)
Cheshvan (October–November)
Kislev (November–December)
Tevet (December–January)
Shevat (January–February)
Adar (February–March)
In Biblical times, the following Jewish religious feasts were celebrated :
Pesach (Passover) – 14 Nisan (sacrifice of a lamb), 15 Nisan (Passover seder)
Shavuot (Pentecost) – Fiftieth day counted from Passover, normally 6 Sivan
"Day of Blowing Shofar/Trumpet" (now known as Rosh Hashanah) – 1 Tishrei
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) – 10 Tishrei
Sukkot (Tabernacles) – 15 Tishrei
Hanukkah (Dedication or Lights) – 25 Kislev (instituted in 164 BC)
Purim (Lots) – 14 Adar (instituted c. 400 BC)
Eastern Christianity[edit]
East Syrian Rite[edit]
The Liturgical Calendar of the Catholic churches of East Syrian Rite (i.e. the Chaldean Catholic Church and the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) is fixed according to the flow of salvation history. With a focus upon the historical life of Jesus Christ, believers are led to the eschatological fulfilment (i.e. the heavenly bliss) through this special arrangement of liturgical seasons.[8] The liturgical year is divided into 9 seasons of approximately 7 weeks each but adjusted to fit the solar calendar. The arrangement of the Seasons in the Liturgical Year is based on seven central events on celebrations of the Salvation History. They are:
Nativity of Christ
Epiphany of Christ
Resurrection of Christ
Pentecost
Transfiguration
Glorious Cross
Parousia (the Dedication of Church after Christ's second coming)
The biblical reading and prayers during Mass and Liturgy of the Hours varies according to different seasons in liturgical calendar.
Liturgical Calendar[edit]
The various seasons of the liturgical calendar of Syro Malabar Church and Chaldean Catholic Church are given below.
Annunciation (Subara)[edit]
Weeks of Annunciation (Subara) is the first season of the liturgical year. The liturgical year begins with the proclamation and celebration of the historical encounter between God and man in the person of Jesus Christ, the human appearance of the Divine Person. The Syriac word Subara, 'Annunciation', with which the Church qualify the first five or six weeks of her liturgical year, is, in fact, an announcement and proclamation with celebration with this supreme glad news of divine condescension to the human frailty in order to raise it up to the divine sublimity. The season begins on the Sunday just before the 1st of December and ends with the feast of Epiphany that is Feast of the Baptism of the Lord. This season is developed in the context of the mystery of incarnation completed in the fullness of time. The Church recalls during these days the announcement of the birth of John the Baptist, the predecessor of Jesus, and also the joyful event of the birth of John the Baptist. As a preparation for the celebration of the mystery of incarnation, this season also recalls creation, disobedience of our first parents and its consequences, the miserable state of the broken humanity, the promise of salvation offered by God, God’s covenant with humanity, and the prophecies about the Saviour. During this season we also meditate on the role of Mary in the history of the plan of salvation. The whole importance of Mary, and hence her veneration in the Church, depends on her relation to Jesus, the most special being His mother. Her celebration is also underlined with two very solemn festivals of her: Immaculate Conception on December 8 and Congratulation to Mary as Mother of Jesus on the last Friday of this season. The Church practices abstinence during December 1–25 in preparation for Christmas; this period is called "25 days Lent".[citation needed]
Feasts celebrated during this season
Feast of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, mother of Jesus (December 8)
Feast of Miraculous Cross of Mylapore(Saint Thomas Christian cross) (December 18) in Syro Malabar Church
Nativity of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ or Christmas (December 25)
Feast of Holy Infants (December 28)
Feast of Name Iso (January 1)
Feast of Mary, mother of Jesus (last Friday of Season)
Epiphany (Denha)[edit]
Weeks of Epiphany begins on the Sunday closer to the feast of Epiphany and runs to the beginning of Great Fast. The word Denha in Syriac means sunrise. During the period the faithful meditates on the manifestation of Holy trinity and revelation of Christ the light of the world. Baptism in Jordan was the first historical event when the Holy Trinity is revealed to humans in the humanity of Jesus Christ. During the season church celebrate the feasts of Saints in connection with the manifestation of the Lord.
Feasts celebrated during the period
Feast of Epiphany or Feast of Baptism of the Lord (January 6)
Feast of Saint John the Baptist on first Friday of Epiphany
Feast of Apostles Perter (Kepha) and Paul on second Friday of Epiphany
Feast of Evangelists on third Friday of Epiphany
Feast of Saint Stephan on fourth Friday of Epiphany
Feast of Fathers of Church on fifth Friday of Epiphany
Feast of Patron Saint of Church on sixth Friday of Epiphany
Feast of all departed faithful on last Friday of Epiphany
Great Fast (Sawma Rabba)[edit]
During these weeks the faithful reflect on and meditate over the public life of Jesus and especially on its culmination in his passion, death and burial. The season begins 50 days before Easter on Peturta Sunday and comprises whole period of Great Lent and culminates on Resurrection Sunday. Word Peturta in Syriac means "looking back" or "reconciliation". It is a God-given time for turning to one’s own life more deeply and to become convinced of the abundant blessings of the loving God – the creation, the providential caring, the human fall, the helplessness of man to save himself, the promise of salvation, the redemption through His Son Jesus and the Passion of the Christ. Faithful enter the weeks of Great Fast, celebrating the memory of all the Faithful Departed on the last Friday of Denha. According to the ecclesial and liturgical vision of this tradition, the weeks of Great Fast is also an occasion to keep up the memory of the beloved Departed through special prayers, renunciation, almsgiving, and so on and thus prepare oneself for a good death and resurrection in Jesus Christ. During the fast faithful of Syro Malabar Church do not use meat, fish egg many dairy products and most favorite food items and also avoid sexual contacts on all days including Sundays and Feast days. Before European colonisation Indian Nasranis used to take only food on once in a day (after 3:00PM) on all days during Great Fast.
Feasts in Lenten Season
Peturta Sunday on First Sunday of Great Fast
Ash Monday or Clean Monday on first day(Monday) of Great Fast
Lazarus Friday on sixth Friday of Great Fast
Oshana Sunday on Sixth Sunday of Great Fast
Thursday of Pesha
Friday of Passion or Good Friday
Great Saturday or Saturday of light
Following feasts comes in the Lenten Season always
Feast of Mar Cyril of Jerusalem (March 18)
Feast of Saint Joseph (March 19)
Feast of the Annunciation (March 25)
Eastern Orthodox Church[edit]
Main article: Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Liturgical year in the Eastern Orthodox Church is characterized by alternating fasts and feasts, and is in many ways similar to the Roman Catholic year described above. However, Church New Year (Indiction) traditionally begins on September 1 (Old Style or New Style), rather than the first Sunday of Advent. It includes both feasts on the Fixed Cycle and the Paschal Cycle (or Moveable Cycle). The most important feast day by far is the Feast of Pascha (Easter)—the Feast of Feasts. Then the Twelve Great Feasts, which commemorate various significant events in the lives of Jesus Christ and of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary).
The majority of Orthodox Christians (Russians, in particular) follow the Julian Calendar in calculating their ecclesiastical feasts, but many (including the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Church of Greece), while preserving the Julian calculation for feasts on the Paschal Cycle, have adopted the Revised Julian Calendar (at present coinciding with the Gregorian Calendar) to calculate those feasts which are fixed according to the calendar date.
Between 1900 and 2100, there is a thirteen-day difference between the dates of the Julian and the Revised Julian and Gregorian calendars. Thus, for example, where Christmas is celebrated on December 25 O.S. (Old Style), the celebration coincides with January 7 in the Revised Calendar. The computation of the day of Pascha (Easter) is, however, always computed according to a lunar calendar based on the Julian Calendar, even by those churches which observe the Revised Calendar.
There are four fasting seasons during the year: The most important fast is Great Lent which is an intense time of fasting, almsgiving and prayer, extending for forty days prior to Palm Sunday and Holy Week, as a preparation for Pascha. The Nativity Fast (Winter Lent) is a time of preparation for the Feast of the Nativity of Christ (Christmas), but whereas Advent in the West lasts only four weeks, Nativity Fast lasts a full forty days. The Apostles' Fast is variable in length, lasting anywhere from eight days to six weeks, in preparation for the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (June 29). The Dormition Fast lasts for two weeks from August 1 to August 14 in preparation for the Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos (August 15). The liturgical year is so constructed that during each of these fasting seasons, one of the Great Feasts occurs, so that fasting may be tempered with joy.
In addition to these fasting seasons, Orthodox Christians fast on Wednesdays and Fridays throughout the year (and some Orthodox monasteries also observe Monday as a fast day). Certain fixed days are always fast days, even if they fall on a Saturday or Sunday (in which case the fast is lessened somewhat, but not abrogated altogether); these are: The Decollation of St. John the Baptist, the Exaltation of the Cross and the day before the Epiphany (January 5). There are several fast-free periods, when it is forbidden to fast, even on Wednesday and Friday. These are: the week following Pascha, the week following Pentecost, the period from the Nativity of Christ until January the 5th and the first week of the Triodion (the week following the 17th Sunday before Pentecost).
Pascha[edit]
Main article: Pascha
The greatest feast is Pascha. Easter for both East and West is calculated as the first Sunday after the full moon that falls on or after March 21 (nominally the day of the vernal equinox), but the Orthodox calculations are based on the Julian calendar, whose March 21 corresponds at present with April 3 of the Gregorian calendar, and on calculations of the date of full moon different from those used in the West (see computus for further details).
The date of Pascha is central to the entire ecclesiastical year, determining not only the date for the beginning of Great Lent and Pentecost, but affecting the cycle of moveable feasts, of scriptural readings and the Octoechos (texts chanted according to the eight ecclesiastical modes) throughout the year. There are also a number of lesser feasts throughout the year that are based upon the date of Pascha. The moveable cycle begins on the Zacchaeus Sunday (the first Sunday in preparation for Great Lent or the 33rd Sunday after Pentecost as it is known), though the cycle of the Octoechos continues until Palm Sunday.
The date of Pascha affects the following liturgical seasons:
The period of the Triodion (the Sundays before Great Lent, Cheesefare Week, Palm Sunday, and Holy Week)
The period of the Pentecostarion (Sunday of Pascha through the Sunday After Pentecost which is also called the Sunday of all saints)
The twelve Great Feasts[edit]
Main article: Great Feasts
Some of these feasts follow the Fixed Cycle, and some follow the Moveable (Paschal) Cycle. Most of those on the Fixed Cycle have a period of preparation called a Forefeast, and a period of celebration afterward, similar to the Western Octave, called an Afterfeast. Great Feasts on the Paschal Cycle do not have Forefeasts. The lengths of Forefeasts and Afterfeasts vary, according to the feast.
Nativity of the Theotokos (September 8)
birth of the Theotokos to Joachim and Anna
Elevation of the Cross (September 14)
the rediscovery of the original Cross on which Christ was crucified
Entrance of the Theotokos into the Temple (November 21)
the entry of the Theotokos into the Temple around the age of 3
Nativity of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (December 25)
the birth of Jesus, or Christmas
Theophany (January 6)
the baptism of Jesus Christ, Christ's blessing of the water, and the revealing of Christ as God
Presentation of Our Lord in the Temple (February 2)
Christ's presentation as an infant in the Temple by the Theotokos and Joseph.
Annunciation of the Theotokos (March 25)
Gabriel's announcement to the Theotokos that she will conceive the Christ, and her wilful agreement thereto
Note: In Eastern practice, should this feast fall during Holy Week or on Pascha itself, the feast of the Annunciation is not transferred to another day. In fact, the conjunction of the feasts of the Annunciation and Pascha (known as διπλή Πασχαλιά, dipli Paschalia in Modern Greek) is considered an extremely festive event.
Entry into Jerusalem (Sunday before Pascha)
known in the West as Palm Sunday.
Ascension (40 days after Pascha)
Christ's ascension into Heaven following his resurrection.
Pentecost (50 days after Pascha)
The Holy Spirit comes and indwells the apostles and other Christian believers.
Transfiguration of Our Lord (August 6)
Christ's Transfiguration as witnessed by Peter, James and John.
Dormition of the Theotokos (August 15)
The falling asleep of the Theotokos (cf. the Assumption of Mary in Western Christianity)
Other feasts[edit]
Some additional feasts are observed with as though they were Great Feasts:
The Protection of the Mother of God (October 1), especially among the Russian Orthodox
The Feast of Saint James the Just (October 23)
The Feast of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki (October 26)
The Feast of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel (November 8)
The Feast of Saint Nicholas, the Bishop of Myra in Lycia (December 6)
The Feast of the Conception of Mary by Saints Joachim and Anne (December 9)
The Feast of Saint Spiridon (December 12)
The Feast of Saint Stephen the Deacon (December 27)
The Feast of Saint Basil the Great and the Circumcision of Christ (January 1)
The Feast of the Three Holy Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom (January 30)
The Feast of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (March 9)
The Feast of Saint Patrick (March 17)[9]
The Feast of Saint George (April 23)
The Feast of the Holy Emperors Constantine and Helen (May 21)
The Nativity of Saint John the Baptist (June 24)
The Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (June 29)
The Feast of Saint Elijah the Prophet (July 20)
The Feast of Saint Christina of Bolsena the Great Martyr (July 27)
The Beheading of St. John the Baptist (August 29)
Beginning of the Indiction-Ecclesiastical Year (September 1)
The Patronal Feast of a church or monastery
Every day throughout the year commemorates some saint or some event in the lives of Christ or the Theotokos. When a feast on the moveable cycle occurs, the feast on the fixed cycle that was set for that calendar day is transferred, with the propers of the feast often being chanted at Compline on the nearest convenient day.
Cycles[edit]
See also: Paschal Cycle
In addition to the Fixed and Moveable Cycles, there are a number of other liturgical cycles in the ecclesiastical year that affect the celebration of the divine services. These include, the Daily Cycle, the Weekly Cycle, the Cycle of Matins Gospels, and the Octoechos.
Western Christianity[edit]
The month of October from a liturgical calendar for Abbotsbury Abbey. 13th-century manuscript (British Library, Cotton MS Cleopatra B IX, folio 59r).
See also: Movable Western Christian observances
Western Christian liturgical calendars are based on the cycle of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, including Lutheran, Anglican, and other Protestant calendars since this cycle pre-dates the Reformation. Generally, the liturgical seasons in western Christianity are Advent, Christmas, Ordinary Time (Time after Epiphany), Lent, Easter, and Ordinary Time (Time after Pentecost). Some Protestant traditions do not include Ordinary Time: every day falls into a denominated season.
Catholic Church[edit]
The Catholic Church sets aside certain days and seasons of each year to recall and celebrate various events in the life of Christ. In its Roman Rite the liturgical year begins with Advent, the time of preparation for both the celebration of Jesus' birth, and his expected second coming at the end of time. This season lasts until Christmas Eve on December 24.[10] Christmastide follows, beginning with First Vespers of Christmas on the evening of December 24 and ending with the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord. Traditionally, the end of Christmastide was February 2nd, or the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord, also known as Candlemas. This feast recounts the 40 days of rest Mary took before being purified and presenting her first-born son to the Temple in Jerusalem.
Lent is the period of purification and penance that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Thursday. The Holy Thursday evening Mass of the Lord's Supper marks the beginning of the Easter Triduum, which includes Good Friday, Holy Saturday, and Easter Sunday.[10] The days of the Easter Triduum recall Jesus' Last Supper with his disciples, death on the cross, burial, and resurrection. The seven-week liturgical season of Easter immediately follows the Triduum, climaxing at Pentecost. This last feast recalls the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Jesus' disciples after the Ascension of Jesus. The rest of the liturgical year is commonly known as Ordinary Time.[10]
There are many forms of liturgy in the Catholic Church. Even putting aside the many Eastern rites in use, the Latin liturgical rites alone include the Ambrosian Rite, the Mozarabic Rite, and the Cistercian Rite, as well as other forms that have been largely abandoned in favour of adopting the Roman Rite.
Of this rite, what is now the "ordinary" or, to use a word employed in the Letter of Pope Benedict XVI accompanying the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, the "normal" form is that which developed from the Second Vatican Council to the present day, while the form in force in 1962 is authorized as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite without restriction in private celebrations, and under the conditions indicated in article 5 of the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum in public celebrations.[11]
The liturgical calendar in that form of the Roman Rite (see General Roman Calendar of 1960) differs in some respects from that of the present ordinary form, as will be noted below, and also from the earlier General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII, the still earlier General Roman Calendar of 1954 and the original Tridentine Calendar. These articles can be consulted with regard to the Roman-Rite liturgical year before 1960.
Anglican Church[edit]
Further information: List of Anglican Church Calendars
The Church of England, Mother Church of the Anglican Communion, uses a liturgical year that is in most respects identical to that of the Roman Church. While this is less true of the calendars contained within the Book of Common Prayer and the Alternative Service Book (1980), it is particularly true since the Anglican Church adopted its new pattern of services and liturgies contained within Common Worship, in 2000. Certainly, the broad division of the year into the Christmas and Easter seasons, interspersed with periods of Ordinary Time, is identical, and the majority of the Festivals and Commemorations are also celebrated, with a few exceptions.
In some Anglican traditions (including the Church of England) the Christmas season is followed by an Epiphany season, which begins on the Eve of the Epiphany (on 6 January or the nearest Sunday) and ends on the Feast of the Presentation (on February 2 or the nearest Sunday). Ordinary Time then begins after this period.
The Book of Common Prayer contains within it the traditional Western Eucharistic lectionary which traces its roots to the Comes of St. Jerome in the 5th century.[12] Its similarity to the ancient lectionary is particularly obvious during Trinity season (Sundays after the Sunday after Pentecost), reflecting that understanding of sanctification.[13]
Protestantism[edit]
Further information: Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)
Vanderbilt University Professor Hoyt L. Hickman, with regard to the calendars of the Protestant Churches that use the Revised Common Lectionary,[14] including the Anglican Church, Lutheran Church, Methodist Church, among others,[15] states that:[14]
All these calendars agree that the Lord's Day is of primary importance among the observances of the year and that the Christian Year contains two central cycles--the Easter cycle and the Christmas cycle. Each cycle includes a festival season (Easter and Christmas), preceded by a season of preparation and anticipation (Lent and Advent). In most denominational versions and in the Common Lectionary, Lent and Advent are immediately preceded by a transitional Sunday (Transfiguration and Christ the King), and the Easter and Christmas Seasons are immediately followed by a transitional Sunday (Trinity and Baptism of the Lord).[14]
Protestant Churches, with exception of the Anglican and Lutheran, generally observe fewer feasts with regard to the saints, than the aforementioned liturgical denominations, in addition to the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. Furthermore, Reformed Christians emphasize weekly celebration of the Lord's day and, while some of them celebrate also what they call the five evangelical feasts, others celebrate no holy days.[16]
Liturgical calendar[edit]
Advent[edit]
Roman Rite liturgical year
Main article: Advent
Advent (from the Latin word adventus, which means "arrival" or "coming") is the first season of the liturgical year. It begins four Sundays before Christmas, the Sunday falling on or nearest to November 30, and ends on Christmas Eve. Traditionally observed as a "fast", it focuses on preparation for the coming of Christ, not only the coming of the Christ-child at Christmas, but also, in the first weeks, on the eschatological final coming of Christ, making Advent "a period for devout and joyful expectation".[17]
This season is often marked by the Advent Wreath, a garland of evergreens with four candles. Although the main symbolism of the advent wreath is simply marking the progression of time, many churches attach themes to each candle, most often 'hope', 'faith', 'joy', and 'love'. Other popular devotions during Advent include the use of the Advent Calendar or the Tree of Jesse to count down the days to Christmas.
Liturgical colour: violet or purple;[18] blue in some traditions, such as Methodist, Episcopalian, and Lutheran.[19][20][21]

Christmastide[edit]
A white coloured parament hangs from the pulpit, indicating that the current liturgical season is Christmastide. The fact that the Christ Candle in the centre of the Advent wreath is lit also indicates that Christmas has arrived.
Main article: Christmastide
The Christmas season immediately follows Advent. The traditional Twelve Days of Christmas begin with Christmas Eve on the evening of December 24 and continue until the feast of Epiphany. The actual Christmas season continues until the Feast of the Baptism of Christ, which in the present form of the Roman Rite is celebrated on the Sunday after January 6, or the following Monday if that Sunday is Epiphany.[22]
In the pre-1970 form, this feast is celebrated on January 13, unless January 13 is a Sunday, in which case the feast of the Holy Family is celebrated instead.[22] Until the suppression of the Octave of the Epiphany in the 1960 reforms, January 13 was the Octave day of the Epiphany, providing the date for the end of the season.
Traditionally, the end of Christmastide was February 2nd, or the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord, also known as Candlemas. This feast recounts the 40 days of rest Mary took before being purified and presenting her first-born son to the Temple in Jerusalem. [23] In medieval times, Candlemas eve (Feb. 1st) marked the day when all Christmas decorations, including the Christmas tree and the Nativity scene, were taken down. However, the tradition of ending Christmastide on Candlemas has slowly waned, except in some pockets of the Hispanic world where Candlemas (or La Fiesta de la Candelaria) is still an important feast and the unofficial end of the Christmas season.
Liturgical colour: white
Ordinary Time[edit]
Main article: Ordinary Time
"Ordinary" comes from the same root as our word "ordinal", and in this sense means "the counted weeks". In the Roman Catholic Church and in some Protestant traditions, these are the common weeks which do not belong to a proper season. In Latin, these seasons are called the weeks per annum, or "through the year".
In the current form of the Roman Rite adopted following the Second Vatican Council, Ordinary Time consists of 33 or 34 Sundays and is divided into two sections. The first portion extends from the day following the Feast of the Baptism of Christ until the day before Ash Wednesday (the beginning of Lent). It contains anywhere from three to eight Sundays, depending on how early or late Easter falls.
The main focus in the readings of the Mass is Christ's earthly ministry, rather than any one particular event. The counting of the Sundays resumes following Eastertide; however, two Sundays are replaced by Pentecost and Trinity Sunday, and depending on whether the year has 52 or 53 weeks, one may be omitted.
In the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite, the Time after Epiphany has anywhere from one to six Sundays. As in the current form of the rite, the season mainly concerns Christ's preaching and ministry, with many of his parables read as the Gospel readings. The season begins on January 14[24] and ends on the Saturday before Septuagesima Sunday. Omitted Sundays after Epiphany are transferred to Time after Pentecost and celebrated between the Twenty-Third and the Last Sunday after Pentecost according to an order indicated in the Code of Rubrics, 18, with complete omission of any for which there is no Sunday available in the current year.[25] Before the 1960 revisions, the omitted Sunday would be celebrated on the Saturday before Septuagesima Sunday,[26] or, in the case of the Twenty-Third Sunday after Pentecost, on the Saturday before the Last Sunday after Pentecost.[27]
Liturgical colour: green
Septuagesima/Pre-Lenten Season[edit]
Main articles: Septuagesima and Pre-Lenten Season
Septuagesima (from the Latin word for "seventieth") is a two-and-a-half-week period before Lent. This pre-Lent season is present in the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite and in some Protestant calendars. It is a transition from the first part of the season per annum[28] to the season of Lent, and a preparation for the fasting and penance which begin on Ash Wednesday. Although most of the Divine Office remains the same as during the season per annum, certain customs of Lent are adopted, including the suppression of the "Alleluia", the replacement of the Alleluia at Mass with the Tract and the Gloria is no longer said on Sundays.
In the 1969 reform of the Roman Rite, this intermediate season was removed, with these weeks becoming part of Ordinary Time.
Liturgical colour (where observed): violet or purple
Lent and Passiontide[edit]
Main articles: Lent, Passiontide, and Holy Week
Lent is a major penitential season of preparation for Easter. It begins on Ash Wednesday and, if the penitential days of Good Friday and Holy Saturday are included, lasts for forty days, since the six Sundays within the season are not counted.
In the Roman Rite, the Gloria in Excelsis Deo and the Te Deum are not used in the Mass and Liturgy of the Hours respectively, except on Solemnities and Feasts, and the Alleluia and verse that usually precede the reading of the Gospel is either omitted or replaced with another acclamation.
Lutheran churches make these same omissions.
As in Advent, the deacon and subdeacon of the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite do not wear their habitual dalmatic and tunicle (signs of joy) in Masses of the season during Lent; instead they wear "folded chasubles", in accordance with the ancient custom.
In the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite, the two weeks before Easter form the season of Passiontide, a subsection of the Lenten season that begins with Matins of Ash Wednesday and ends immediately before the Mass of the Easter Vigil.[29] In this form, what used to be officially called Passion Sunday,[30] has the official name of the First Sunday in Passiontide,[31] and Palm Sunday has the additional name of the Second Sunday in Passiontide.[32] In Sunday and ferial Masses (but not on feasts celebrated in the first of these two weeks) the Gloria Patri is omitted at the Entrance Antiphon[33] and at the Lavabo,[34] as well as in the responds in the Divine Office.
In the post-1969 form of the Roman Rite, "Passion Sunday" and "Palm Sunday" are both names for the Sunday before Easter, officially called "Palm Sunday of the Lord's Passion". The former Passion Sunday became a fifth Sunday of Lent. The earlier form reads Matthew's account on Sunday, Mark's on Tuesday, and Luke's on Wednesday, while the post-1969 form reads the Passion only on Palm Sunday (with the three Synoptic Gospels arranged in a three-year cycle) and on Good Friday, when it reads the Passion according to John, as also do earlier forms of the Roman Rite.
The veiling of crucifixes and images of the saints with violet cloth, which was obligatory before 1970, is left to the decision of the national bishops' conferences. In the United States, it is permitted but not required, at the discretion of the pastor.[35] In all forms, the readings concern the events leading up to the Last Supper and the betrayal, Passion, and death of Christ.
The week before Easter is called Holy Week.
In the Roman Rite, feasts that fall within that week are simply omitted, unless they have the rank of Solemnity, in which case they are transferred to another date. The only solemnities inscribed in the General Calendar that can fall within that week are those of St. Joseph and the Annunciation.
Liturgical colour: violet or purple. The colour rose may be used, where it is the practice, on Laetare Sunday (4th Sunday of Lent). On Palm Sunday the colour since 1970 is red, by earlier rules violet or purple, with red being used after 1955 for the blessing of the palms.
Easter Triduum[edit]
Main article: Paschal Triduum
The Easter Triduum consists of Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday.[36] Each of these days begins liturgically not with the morning but with the preceding evening.
The triduum begins on the evening before Good Friday with Mass of the Lord's Supper, celebrated with white vestments,[37] and often includes a ritual of ceremonial footwashing. It is customary on this night for a vigil involving private prayer to take place, beginning after the evening service and continuing until midnight. This vigil is occasionally renewed at dawn, continuing until the Good Friday liturgy.
During the day of Good Friday Mass is not celebrated in the Catholic Church. Instead a Celebration of the Passion of the Lord is held in the afternoon or evening. It consists of three parts: a Liturgy of the Word that includes the reading of the account of the Passion by John the Evangelist and concludes with a solemn Universal Prayer. Other churches also have their Good Friday commemoration of the Passion.
The colour of vestments varies: no colour, red, or black are used in different traditions. Coloured hangings may be removed. Lutheran churches often either remove colourful adornments and icons, or veil them with drab cloth. The service is usually plain with somber music, ending with the congregation leaving in silence. In the Roman Catholic, some Lutheran, and High Anglican rites, a crucifix (not necessarily the one which stands on or near the altar on other days of the year) is ceremoniously unveiled. Other crucifixes are unveiled, without ceremony, after the service.
Holy Saturday commemorates the day during which Christ lay in the tomb. In the Roman Catholic Church, there is no Mass on this day; the Easter Vigil Mass, which, though celebrated properly at the following midnight, is often celebrated in the evening, is an Easter Mass. With no liturgical celebration, there is no question of a liturgical colour.
The Easter Vigil is held in the night between Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus. See also Paschal candle. The liturgical colour is white, often together with gold. In the Roman Rite, during the "Gloria in Excelsis Deo" the organ and bells are used in the liturgy for the first time in 2 days, and the statues, which have been veiled during Passiontide (at least in the Roman Rite through the 1962 version), are unveiled. In Lutheran churches, colours and icons are re-displayed as well.
Part of a series on the
Catholic Church
St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Overview
Pope: Francis
Hierarchy
History (Timeline)
Theology
Liturgy
Sacraments
Mary
Background[show]
Jesus
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Ascension
Early Christianity
History of the Catholic Church
History of the papacy
Ecumenical Councils
Four Marks of the Church
One true church
Apostolic succession
Organisation[show]
Holy See
College of Cardinals
Ecumenical Councils
Episcopal polity
Latin Church
Eastern Churches
Canon law
Theology[show]
Trinity
Father
Son
Holy Spirit
Ten Commandments
Three States of the Church
Purgatory
Paschal Mystery
Passion
Crucifixion
Harrowing of Hell
Resurrection
Ascension
Mary
Mariology
Veneration
Immaculate Conception
Theotokos
Perpetual virginity
Assumption
Titles
Morality
Body
Lectures
Sexuality
Apologetics
Divine grace
Salvation
Original sin
Saints
Dogma
Catechism
Philosophy[show]
Natural law
Catholic ethics
Personalism
Social teaching
Philosophers
Worship[show]
Liturgy
Mass
Divine Office
Liturgical year
Sacraments
Baptism
Penance
Eucharist
Confirmation
Anointing of the Sick
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Prayer
Devotions
Bible
Biblical canon
Rites[show]
Latin
Roman
Ordinary form
Tridentine
Anglican Use
Zaire Use
Gallican
Ambrosian
Braga
Mozarabic

Eastern
Antiochian
Maronite
West Syrian
Syro-Malankara
Chaldean
East Syrian
Syro-Malabar
Byzantine
Armenian
Alexandrian
Ethiopic
Controversies[show]
Antipopes
Anti-Catholicism
Criticism
Sex and gender roles
Homosexuality
Sexual abuse cases
Other topics[show]
Art
Ecumenism
Evolution
Health care
Monasticism
Music
Science
Role in civilization
Links and resources[show]
Index
Outline
Glossary
Category
Media
Templates
WikiProject
Book
Pope portal
Vatican City portal
Catholicism portal
v
t
e
Eastertide[edit]
Main article: Eastertide
Easter is the celebration of Jesus' resurrection. The date of Easter varies from year to year, according to a lunar-calendar dating system (see computus for details). In the Roman Rite, the Easter season extends from the Easter Vigil through Pentecost Sunday. In the pre-1970 form of the rite, this season includes also the Octave of Pentecost, so Eastertide lasts until None of the following Saturday.
In the Roman Rite, the Easter octave allows no other feasts to be celebrated or commemorated during it; a solemnity, such as the Annunciation, falling within it is transferred to the following Monday. If Easter Sunday or Easter Monday falls on 25 April, the Greater Litanies, which in the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite are on that day, are transferred to the following Tuesday.[38]
By a decree of May 5, 2000, the Second Sunday of Easter (the Sunday after Easter Day itself), is known also in the Roman Rite as the Feast of the Divine Mercy.[39]
Ascension Thursday, which celebrates the return of Jesus to heaven following his resurrection, is the fortieth day of Easter, but, in places where it is not observed as a Holy Day of Obligation, the post-1969 form of the Roman rite transfers it to the following Sunday.[40]
Pentecost is the fiftieth and last day of the Easter season. It celebrates the sending of the Holy Spirit to the Apostles, which traditionally marks the birth of the Church, see also Apostolic Age.
Liturgical colour: white, but red on the feast of Pentecost.
Ordinary Time, Time after Pentecost, Time after Trinity, or Kingdomtide[edit]
Main articles: Ordinary Time and Kingdomtide
This season, under various names, follows the Easter season and the feasts of Easter, Ascension, and Pentecost. In the post-1969 form of the Roman rite, Ordinary Time resumes on Pentecost Monday, omitting the Sunday which would have fallen on Pentecost. In the earlier form, where Pentecost is celebrated with an octave, the Time after Pentecost begins at Vespers on the Saturday after Pentecost. The Sundays resume their numbering at the point that will make the Sunday before Advent the thirty-fourth, omitting any weeks for which there is no room (present-day form of the Roman Rite) or are numbered as "Sundays after Pentecost" (pre-1970 Roman Rite, Eastern Orthodoxy and some Protestants) or as "Sundays after Trinity" (some Protestants). This season ends on the Saturday before the First Sunday of Advent.
Feasts during this season include:
Trinity Sunday, the first Sunday after Pentecost.
Corpus Christi (Roman Rite and some Anglican and Lutheran traditions), Thursday of the second week after Pentecost, often celebrated on the following Sunday.
Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Roman Rite), Friday in the third week after Pentecost.
Feast of Christ the King, last Sunday before Advent (Roman Rite, Lutherans, Anglicans) or last Sunday in October (1925–1969 form of the Roman Rite).
In the final few weeks of Ordinary Time, many churches direct attention to the coming of the Kingdom of God, thus ending the liturgical year with an eschatological theme that is one of the predominant themes of the season of Advent that began the liturgical year. For instance, in the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite, the Gospel of the Last Sunday is Matthew 24:15–35 and in the later form of that rite all the last three Sundays have similar themes.
While the Roman Rite adopts no special designation for this final part of Ordinary Time, some denominations do, and may also change the liturgical colour. The Church of England uses the term "Sundays before Advent" for the final four Sundays and permits red vestments as an alternative. Other denominations, including the United Methodist Church and the Christian Church - Synod of Saint Timothy, speak of "Kingdomtide". The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) uses the terms "Third-Last, Second-Last and Last Sunday in the Church Year" and does not change from green. The LCMS does not officially celebrate a "Feast of Christ the King." The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) uses the term "Period of End Times" and assigns red vestments to the first and second Sundays.
Calendar of saints[edit]
Main article: Calendar of saints
In some Protestant traditions, especially those with closer ties to the Lutheran tradition, Reformation Sunday is celebrated on the Sunday preceding October 31, commemorating the purported day Martin Luther posted the 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The liturgical colour is red, celebrating the Holy Spirit's continuing work in renewing the Church.
Most Western traditions celebrate All Saints' Day on November 1 or the Sunday following. The liturgical colour is white. The following day, November 2, is All Souls' Day.
Saints Days are observed by Lutherans and include the apostles, Virgin Mary and noteworthy figures in the Christian faith. The Confession of St. Peter Week of Prayer for Christian Unity starting on January 18. Conversion of St. Paul ended week of prayer on January 25. Martin Luther King, Jr., renewer of society, martyr January 15 (ELCA only), Presentation of Our Lord and Purification of the Mary Candlemas on February 2. Joseph, Guardian of Jesus St Joseph on March 19, Annunciation March 25, Visitation of Mary on May 31.
Lutherans also celebrate St John the Baptist or the Beheading of St John the Baptist on June 24, St Mary Magdalene July 22, St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord or the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on August 15, Holy Cross Day September 14, Francis of Assisi, renewal of the Church St. Francis of Assisi on October 4, and the Holy Innocents, Martyrs December 28.
Lesser Feasts and Commemorations on the Lutheran liturgical calendar include Anthony of Egypt on January 17, Henry, Bishop of Uppsala, martyr Henry of Uppsala on January 19, Timothy, Titus and Silas, missionaries St Timothy, St Titus and St Silas Day on January 26, Ansgar, Bishop of Hamburg, missionary to Denmark and Sweden St Ansgar on February 3, Cyril, monk and Methodius, bishop, missionaries to the Slavs St Cyril and St Methodius on February 14, Gregory the Great on March 12, St Patrick on March 17, Olavus Petri, priest and Laurentius Petri, Bishop of Uppsala, on April 19, St Anselm on April 21, Catherine of Siena on April 29, St Athanasius on May 2, St Monica on May 4, Eric IX of Sweden on May 18, St Boniface on June 5, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa and Gregory of Nazianzus on June 14, Benedict of Nursia on July 11, Birgitta of Sweden on July 23, St Anne, Mother of Mary on July 26, St Dominic on August 8, Augustine of Hippo on August 28, St Cyprian on September 16, Teresa of Avila on October 15, Martin de Porres on November 3, Martin of Tours on November 11, Elizabeth of Hungary on November 17, St Lucy on December 13. There are many other holy days in the Lutheran calendar.
Some traditions celebrate St. Michael's Day (Michaelmas) on September 29.
Some traditions celebrate St. Martin's Day (Martinmas) on November 11.
Hierarchy of feast days[edit]
Main articles: Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite and Principal Holy Day (Anglicanism)
There are degrees of solemnity of the office of the feast days of saints. In the 13th century, the Roman Rite distinguished three ranks: simple, semidouble and double, with consequent differences in the recitation of the Divine Office or Breviary. The simple feast commenced with the chapter (capitulum) of First Vespers, and ended with None. It had three lessons and took the psalms of Matins from the ferial office; the rest of the office was like the semidouble. The semidouble feast had two Vespers, nine lessons in Matins, and ended with Compline. The antiphons before the psalms were only intoned. In the Mass, the semidouble had always at least three "orationes" or collects. On a double feast the antiphons were sung in their entirety, before and after the psalms, while in Lauds and Vespers there were no suffragia of the saints, and the Mass had only one "oratio" (if no commemoration was prescribed). If ordinary double feasts (referred to also as lesser doubles) occurred with feasts of a higher rank, they could be simplified, except the octave days of some feasts and the feasts of the Doctors of the Church, which were transferred.
To the existing distinction between major and ordinary or minor doubles, Pope Clement VIII added two more ranks, those of first-class or second-class doubles. Some of these two classes were kept with octaves. This was still the situation when the 1907 article Ecclesiastical Feasts in the Catholic Encyclopedia was written. In accordance with the rules then in force, feast days of any form of double, if impeded by "occurrence" (falling on the same day)[41] with a feast day of higher class, were transferred to another day.
Pope Pius X simplified matters considerably in his 1911 reform of the Roman Breviary. In the case of occurrence the lower-ranking feast day could become a commemoration within the celebration of the higher-ranking one. Until then, ordinary doubles took precedence over most of the semidouble Sundays, resulting in many of the Sunday Masses rarely being said. While retaining the semidouble rite for Sundays, Pius X's reform permitted only the most important feast days to be celebrated on Sunday, although commemorations were still made until Pope John XXIII's reform of 1960.
The division into doubles (of various kinds) semidoubles and simples continued until 1955, when Pope Pius XII abolished the rank of semidouble, making all the previous semidoubles simples, and reducing the previous simples to a mere commemoration in the Mass of another feast day or of the feria on which they fell (see General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII).
Then, in 1960, Pope John XXIII issued the Code of Rubrics, completely ending the ranking of feast days by doubles etc., and replacing it by a ranking, applied not only to feast days but to all liturgical days, as I, II, III, and IV class days.
The 1969 revision by Pope Paul VI divided feast days into "solemnities", "feasts" and "memorials", corresponding approximately to Pope John XXIII's I, II and III class feast days. Commemorations were abolished. While some of the memorials are considered obligatory, others are optional, permitting a choice on some days between two or three memorials, or between one or more memorials and the celebration of the feria. On a day to which no obligatory celebration is assigned, the Mass may be of any saint mentioned in the Roman Martyrology for that day.[42]
Assumption of Mary[edit]
Main article: Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Observed by Roman Catholics and some Anglicans on August 15, which is the same as the Eastern and Orthodox feast of the Dormition, the end of the earthly life of the Virgin Mary and, for some, her bodily Assumption into heaven, is celebrated. The Roman Catholic teaching on this feast was defined as dogma on November 1, 1950 by Pope Pius XII in the Papal Bull, Munificentissimus Deus.
In other Anglican and Lutheran traditions, as well as a few others, August 15 is celebrated as St. Mary, Mother of the Lord.
Liturgical colour: white
Secular observance[edit]
Because of the dominance of Christianity in Europe throughout the Middle Ages, many features of the Christian year became incorporated into the secular calendar. Many of its feasts (e.g., Christmas, Mardi Gras, Saint Patrick's Day) remain holidays, and are now celebrated by people of all faiths and none — in some cases worldwide. The secular celebrations bear varying degrees of likeness to the religious feasts from which they derived, often also including elements of ritual from pagan festivals of similar date.
See also[edit]
Calendar of saints
Ranks of Catholic liturgical days
Christian worship
Computus – computing the date of Easter
Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
Gregorian calendar
Julian calendar
Syro Malabar Liturgical Calendar
Non Judeo-Christian:
Wheel of the Year
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kalendar". Anglican Catholic Church. 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2015. It is as a result of this connection that "kalendar/calendar" came to refer to the orderly arrangement of time as we now know it, but the established church retained the older "K" spelling to distinguish their kalendar from an ordinary list of events. In other words, a kalendar is simply a church calendar!
Jump up ^ Stern, Sacha (2001). Calendar and Community: A History of the Jewish Calendar. Oxford University Press. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-19-827034-8.
Jump up ^ "This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you" (Exodus 12:2). "This day came ye out in the month Aviv" (Exodus 13:4)
Jump up ^ Gesenius's Lexicon
Jump up ^ "In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar" (Esther 3:7),
Jump up ^ Months of the Jewish Calendar
Jump up ^ Talley, Thomas J. (1991). The Origins of the Liturgical Year. Pueblo Publishing Company. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-0-8146-6075-1.
Jump up ^ Pathikulangara, Varghese. Mar Toma Margam, (A New Catechism for the St. Thomas Christians of India), Kottayam: Denha Services, 2004
Jump up ^ St. Patrick's Day
^ Jump up to: a b c Barry, One Faith, One Lord (2001), p. 116
Jump up ^ Pope Benedict XVI, Summorum Pontificum
Jump up ^ The Annotated Book of Common Prayer p. 242
Jump up ^ Sparrow, Anthony and John Henry Cardinal Newman. A Rationale upon the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England, Oxford, UK
^ Jump up to: a b c Hickman, Hoyt L. (October 1, 2010). The New Handbook of the Christian Year: Based on the Revised Common Lectionary. Abingdon Press. p. 31. ISBN 9781426730740.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Jeanne (2015). "The Liturgical Year" (PDF). Third Presbyterian Church. Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Retrieved September 29, 2015. The Revised Common Lectionary, used by Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Lutherans and some Baptists, is arranged in a three-year cycle.
Jump up ^ Gregg Strawbridge, "Why the Church Calendar Is Important"
Jump up ^ General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 39
Jump up ^ General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 346
Jump up ^ "The Color Blue in Advent", United Methodist Church
Jump up ^ "Liturgical Colors", The Episcopal Church
Jump up ^ "What is the meaning and use of liturgical colors?", Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
^ Jump up to: a b Code of Rubrics included in the 1962 Roman Missal, 72
Jump up ^ "Feast of the Purification (Candlemas)". www.fisheaters.com. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ 1960 Code of Rubrics incorporated in the 1962 Roman Missal, 77
Jump up ^ "The Sunday which is set down as XXIV after Pentecost is always put in the last place, omitting, if need be, any others for which there happens to be no place" (1960 Code of Rubrics, 18).
Jump up ^ "If this II Sunday, or another after Epiphany, be impeded by Septuagesima supervening, and there be no place for it after Pentecost, according to the Rubrics, it is anticipated on Saturday with all privileges proper to an occurring Sunday." (Missale Romanum, 1939, Dominica II post Epiphaniam)
Jump up ^ "If this Sunday be impeded by the last Sunday after Pentecost supervening, it is anticipated on Saturday with all privileges proper to an occurring Sunday, and in it is said Glória in excélsis, Credo, Preface of the Trinity and Ite, Missa est." (Missale Romanum, 1939, Dominica XXIII post Pentecosten)
Jump up ^ "The season per annum runs from January 14 to none of Saturday before Septuagesima Sunday" (Code of Rubrics, 77
Jump up ^ Code of Rubrics, 74
Jump up ^ Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition, p. 156
Jump up ^ Missale Romanum 1962, p. 118
Jump up ^ Missale Romanum 1962, p. 130
Jump up ^ Code of Rubrics, 428
Jump up ^ Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, VII, 6, in Missale Romanum 1962, p. LIX; cf. Missale Romanum 1962, p. 118
Jump up ^ http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/innews/0306.pdf
Jump up ^ General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 19
Jump up ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 44
Jump up ^ 1960 Code of Rubrics, 80
Jump up ^ Our Sunday Visitor: Feast of the Divine Mercy
Jump up ^ General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 7 and 25
Jump up ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, s.v. Occurrence (in liturgy)
Jump up ^ General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 355 c
Resources[edit]
Stookey, L. H. Calendar: Christ's Time for the Church, 1996. ISBN 0-687-01136-1
Hickman, Hoyt L., et al. Handbook of the Christian Year, 1986. ISBN 0-687-16575-X
Webber, Robert E. Ancient-Future Time: Forming Spirituality through the Christian Year, 2004. ISBN 0-8010-9175-6
Schmemann, Fr. Alexander. The Church Year (Celebration of Faith Series, Sermons Vol. 2), 1994. ISBN 0-88141-138-8
Talley, Thomas J. The Origins of the Liturgical Year, Ed. 2. 1991. ISBN 0-8146-6075-4
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liturgical year.
The Roman Catholic Church's liturgical calendar, from US Catholic Bishops, or from O.S.V. publishing.
Universalis — A liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church including the Liturgy of the Hours and the Mass readings.
Greek Orthodox Calendar – Greek Orthodox Calendar & Online Chapel
Russian Orthodox Calendar at Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church
Lectionary Central – For the study and use of the traditional Western Eucharistic lectionary (Anglican).
[show]
v
t
e
Time in religion and mythology
Time and fate deities
Eternity
Eschatology
Golden Age
Divination
Prophecy
Calendar
Fate
[show]
v
t
e
Calendars
Systems
Lunar
Lunisolar
Solar
In wide use
Astronomical
Bengali
Chinese
Ethiopian
Gregorian
Hebrew
Hindu
Iranian
Islamic
ISO
Unix time
In more
limited use
Akan
Armenian
Assyrian
Bahá'í (Badí‘)
Balinese pawukon
Balinese saka
Berber
Buddhist
Burmese
Chinese
Coptic
Gaelic
Germanic Heathen
Georgian
Hebrew
Hindu or Indian
Vikram Samvat
Saka
Igbo
Iranian
Jalali (medieval)
Hijri (modern)
Zoroastrian
Islamic
Fasli
Tabular
Jain
Japanese
Javanese
Korean
Juche
Kurdish
Lithuanian
Malayalam
Mongolian
Melanau
Nanakshahi
Nepal Sambat
Nisg̱a'a
Oromo
Romanian
Somali
Sesotho
Slavic
Slavic Native Faith
Tamil
Thai
lunar
solar
Tibetan
Vietnamese
Xhosa
Yoruba
Types
Runic
Mesoamerican
Long Count
Calendar round
Christian variants
Julian
Revised
Liturgical year
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Historical
Attic
Aztec
Tonalpohualli
Xiuhpohualli
Babylonian
Bulgar
Byzantine
Celtic
Cham
Culāsakaraj
Egyptian
Florentine
French Republican
Germanic
Greek
Hindu
Inca
Maya
Haab'
Tzolk'in
Muisca
Pentecontad
Pisan
Rapa Nui
Roman calendar
Rumi
Soviet
Swedish
Turkmen
By specialty
Holocene (anthropological)
Proleptic Gregorian / Proleptic Julian (historiographical)
Darian (Martian)
Dreamspell (New Age)
Discordian / Pataphysical (surreal)
Proposals
Calendar reform
Hanke–Henry Permanent
International Fixed
Pax
Positivist
Symmetry454
Tranquility
World
New Earth Time
Fictional
Discworld
Greyhawk
Middle-earth
Stardate
Star Wars (Galactic Standard Calendar)
Displays and
applications
Electronic
Perpetual
Wall
Year naming
and
numbering
Terminology
Era
Epoch
Regnal name
Regnal year
Year zero
Systems
Ab urbe condita
Anno Domini/Common Era
Anno Mundi
Assyrian
Before Present
Chinese Imperial
Chinese Minguo
Human Era
Japanese
Korean
Seleucid
Spanish
Yugas
Satya
Treta
Dvapara
Kali
Vietnamese
List of calendars
Authority control
GND: 4030726-8
NDL: 00567207
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_year&oldid=795016983"
Categories:
Liturgical calendars
Christian festivals and holy days
Seasons
Christian terminology
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Use mdy dates from November 2016
Articles needing additional references from August 2016
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Alemannisch
العربية
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Français
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
Kiswahili
Latina
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
മലയാളം
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Олык марий
Polski
Português
Ripoarisch
Română
Русский
Sámegiella
Shqip
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 August 2017, at 13:39.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg
image
Principal symbol of Christianity

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Protestant_Reformation
mw-redirect
Protestant Reformation

values:
hlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding-top:0;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none

values:
/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg
image
Christian cross

values:
/wiki/Christian_pop_culture
mw-redirect
Christian pop culture

values:
/wiki/Mormon_culture
mw-redirect
Mormon culture

values:
/wiki/Early_Christian_art
mw-redirect
Early Christian art

values:
/wiki/Christian_icons
mw-redirect
Christian icons

values:
/wiki/Christian_architecture
mw-redirect
Christian architecture

values:
/wiki/Christianity_and_science
mw-redirect
Christianity and science

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_science
mw-redirect
Catholic Church and science

values:
/wiki/List_of_Catholic_scientists
mw-redirect
List of Catholic scientists

values: List of Roman Catholic cleric-scientists

values:
/wiki/Christian_church
mw-redirect
Christian church

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background-color:lavender; font-size:130%;

values:
/wiki/Reformed_churches
mw-redirect
Reformed churches

values:
/wiki/Mainline_(Protestant)
mw-redirect
Mainline (Protestant)

values:
/wiki/Passover_seder
mw-redirect
Passover seder

values:
/wiki/Catholic_church
mw-redirect
Catholic church

values:
/wiki/Syro_Malabar_Church
mw-redirect
Syro Malabar Church

values:
/wiki/Feast_of_the_Baptism_of_the_Lord
mw-redirect
Feast of the Baptism of the Lord

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Patron_Saint
mw-redirect
Patron Saint

values:
/wiki/Nasrani_(India)
mw-redirect
Nasrani (India)

values: September 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church_calendar
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodox Church calendar

values:
/wiki/Paschal_Cycle
mw-redirect
Paschal Cycle

values:
/wiki/Great_Feasts
mw-redirect
Great Feasts

values:
/wiki/Jesus_Christ
mw-redirect
Jesus Christ

values:
/wiki/Virgin_Mary
mw-redirect
Virgin Mary

values:
/wiki/Julian_Calendar
mw-redirect
Julian Calendar

values:
/wiki/Revised_Julian_Calendar
mw-redirect
Revised Julian Calendar

values:
/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar
mw-redirect
Gregorian Calendar

values: December 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

values:
/wiki/Dormition_Fast
mw-redirect
Dormition Fast

values:
/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokos
mw-redirect
Dormition of the Theotokos

values:
/wiki/Exaltation_of_the_Cross
mw-redirect
Exaltation of the Cross

values:
/wiki/Vernal_equinox
mw-redirect
Vernal equinox

values:
/wiki/Cheesefare_Week
mw-redirect
Cheesefare Week

values:
/wiki/Octave_(liturgical)
mw-redirect
Octave (liturgical)

values:
/wiki/Nativity_of_the_Theotokos
mw-redirect
Nativity of the Theotokos

values: September 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

values: September 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

values:
/wiki/Christian_Cross
mw-redirect
Christian Cross

values: November 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

values:
/wiki/Archangel_Gabriel
mw-redirect
Archangel Gabriel

values:
/wiki/Twelve_Apostles
mw-redirect
Twelve Apostles

values:
/wiki/Russian_Orthodox
mw-redirect
Russian Orthodox

values:
/wiki/Saint_James_the_Just
mw-redirect
Saint James the Just

values:
/wiki/Saint_Demetrius_of_Thessaloniki
mw-redirect
Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki

values:
/wiki/Gabriel_(archangel)
mw-redirect
Gabriel (archangel)

values:
/wiki/Saint_Spiridon
mw-redirect
Saint Spiridon

values:
/wiki/Saint_Basil_the_Great
mw-redirect
Saint Basil the Great

values:
/wiki/Circumcision_of_Christ
mw-redirect
Circumcision of Christ

values:
/wiki/Basil_the_Great
mw-redirect
Basil the Great

values:
/wiki/Gregory_the_Theologian
mw-redirect
Gregory the Theologian

values:
/wiki/Constantine_I
mw-redirect
Constantine I

values:
/wiki/Helena_(Empress)
mw-redirect
Helena (Empress)

values:
/wiki/Saints_Peter_and_Paul
mw-redirect
Saints Peter and Paul

values:
/wiki/Saint_Elijah
mw-redirect
Saint Elijah

values:
/wiki/Saint_Christina_of_Bolsena
mw-redirect
Saint Christina of Bolsena

values:
/wiki/Beheading_of_St._John_the_Baptist
mw-redirect
Beheading of St. John the Baptist

values:
/wiki/Weekly_cycle
mw-redirect
Weekly cycle

values:
/wiki/Canonical_Hours#Liturgical_cycles
mw-redirect
Canonical Hours

values:
/wiki/Cotton_MS_Cleopatra
mw-redirect
Cotton MS Cleopatra

values:
/wiki/Easter_Triduum
mw-redirect
Easter Triduum

values:
/wiki/Easter_Sunday
mw-redirect
Easter Sunday

values:
/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_Calendars
mw-redirect
List of Anglican Church Calendars

values:
/wiki/Mother_Church
mw-redirect
Mother Church

values:
/wiki/Lord%27s_day
mw-redirect
Lord's day

values:
/wiki/Advent_Wreath
mw-redirect
Advent Wreath

values:
/wiki/Advent_Calendar
mw-redirect
Advent Calendar

values:
/wiki/Christmas_season
mw-redirect
Christmas season

values:
/wiki/Feast_of_the_Baptism_of_Christ
mw-redirect
Feast of the Baptism of Christ

values: Edit section: Septuagesima/Pre-Lenten Season

values:
/wiki/Pre-Lenten_Season
mw-redirect
Pre-Lenten Season

values:
/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis_Deo
mw-redirect
Gloria in Excelsis Deo

values:
/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Word
mw-redirect
Liturgy of the Word

values:
/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Passion (Christianity)

values:
/wiki/Outline_of_Catholicism
mw-redirect
Outline of Catholicism

values:
/wiki/Ecumenical_Councils
mw-redirect
Ecumenical Councils

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Ecumenical_Councils
mw-redirect
Catholic Ecumenical Councils

values:
/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Canon law (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Holy Spirit (Christianity)

values: Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant

values:
/wiki/Paschal_Mystery
mw-redirect
Paschal Mystery

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Mariology
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic Mariology

values:
/wiki/Salvation_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Salvation (Christianity)

values:
/wiki/Catholic_ethics
mw-redirect
Catholic ethics

values: List of Catholic philosophers and theologians

values:
/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Mass (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Eucharist_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Eucharist (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Confirmation (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Orders_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Holy Orders (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_prayer
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic prayer

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_devotions
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic devotions

values:
/wiki/Catholic_liturgical_rites
mw-redirect
Catholic liturgical rites

values:
/wiki/Antiochian_Rite
mw-redirect
Antiochian Rite

values:
/wiki/Maronite_Rite
mw-redirect
Maronite Rite

values:
/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Rite
mw-redirect
Syro-Malankara Rite

values:
/wiki/Ethiopic_Rite
mw-redirect
Ethiopic Rite

values: Sex and gender roles in the Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_art
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic art

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_evolution
mw-redirect
Catholic Church and evolution

values: Role of the Christian Church in civilization

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;

values:
/wiki/Death_and_resurrection_of_Jesus
mw-redirect
Death and resurrection of Jesus

values:
/wiki/None_(liturgy)
mw-redirect
None (liturgy)

values:
/wiki/Easter_octave
mw-redirect
Easter octave

values:
/wiki/Feast_of_the_Divine_Mercy
mw-redirect
Feast of the Divine Mercy

values:
/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ
mw-redirect
Ascension of Jesus Christ

values:
/wiki/Holy_Day_of_Obligation
mw-redirect
Holy Day of Obligation

values:
/wiki/Apostle_(Christian)
mw-redirect
Apostle (Christian)

values: Edit section: Ordinary Time, Time after Pentecost, Time after Trinity, or Kingdomtide

values:
/wiki/Pentecost_Monday
mw-redirect
Pentecost Monday

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodoxy

values:
/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Martin Luther King, Jr.

values:
/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist
mw-redirect
St John the Baptist

values:
/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene
mw-redirect
St Mary Magdalene

values:
/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi
mw-redirect
St. Francis of Assisi

values:
/wiki/Anthony_of_Egypt
mw-redirect
Anthony of Egypt

values:
/wiki/St_Cyril_and_St_Methodius
mw-redirect
St Cyril and St Methodius

values:
/wiki/Gregory_the_Great
mw-redirect
Gregory the Great

values:
/wiki/Olavus_Petri
mw-redirect
Olavus Petri

values:
/wiki/St_Athanasius
mw-redirect
St Athanasius

values:
/wiki/St_Boniface
mw-redirect
St Boniface

values:
/wiki/Birgitta_of_Sweden
mw-redirect
Birgitta of Sweden

values:
/wiki/Teresa_of_Avila
mw-redirect
Teresa of Avila

values: Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite

values: Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X

values:
/wiki/Ranks_of_Catholic_liturgical_days
mw-redirect
Ranks of Catholic liturgical days

values:
/wiki/Syro_Malabar_Liturgical_Calendar
mw-redirect
Syro Malabar Liturgical Calendar

values:
/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day
mw-redirect
St. Patrick's Day

values:
/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(U.S.A.)
mw-redirect
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.scborromeo.org/litcal.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.lectionarycentral.com

values: Template talk:Time in religion and mythology

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Saka_calendar
mw-redirect
Saka calendar

values: Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays

values:
/wiki/Calendar_round
mw-redirect
Calendar round

values:
/wiki/Inca_calendar
mw-redirect
Inca calendar

values: Renaming of Turkmen months and days of week, 2002

values:
/wiki/Greyhawk_Calendar
mw-redirect
Greyhawk Calendar

values:
/wiki/Wall_calendar
mw-redirect
Wall calendar

values:
nofollow
external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/4030726-8

values: Category:Christian festivals and holy days

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Category:Use mdy dates from November 2016

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Liturgical_year
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: أعياد مسيحية – Arabic

values: שנה ליטורגית – Hebrew

values: ആരാധനക്രമ വർഷം – Malayalam

values: Христиан пайрем-влак – Eastern Mari

values: Христианские праздники – Russian

values: ජනවන්දනා වසර – Sinhala

values: திருவழிபாட்டு ஆண்டு – Tamil

values: Христиан бәйрәмнәре – Tatar

values: ปีพิธีกรรม – Thai

values: Літургійний рік – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Liturgical_year rootpage-Liturgical_year skin-vector action-view