text:
Spiders of Australia
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Redback spider
Australia has some highly venomous spiders, including the Sydney Funnel-web, its relatives in the family Hexathelidae, and the Redback Spider, whose bites can be extremely painful and have historically been linked with deaths in medical records.[1] Most Australian spiders do not have venom that is considered to be dangerously toxic.[2][3][4] While there have only been several reports of death caused by spider bites in Australia since the widespread availability of medical treatment, none have been substantiated by a coronial inquest since 1979. There are, however, no shortage of sensationalised news reports that fail to cite evidence of any kind.[5] A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia published by CSIRO Publishing in 2017[3] featuring around 836 species illustrated with photographs of live animals, around 381 genera and 78 families, introduced significant updates to taxonomy from Ramirez, Wheeler and Dmitrov [6][7][8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early work on Australian spiders
2 Australian Spider Families
3 Australian Spider Species
4 Australian Peacock Spiders
5 Australia's Redback Spider and Sydney Funnelweb
6 White-tailed Spiders myths and hoaxes
7 Daddy Long-legs potent venom myth
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Early work on Australian spiders[edit]
The great exploratory work on Australian spiders, Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet (1871-1890), was begun by L. Koch and continued by Graf E. von Keyserling. The collectors of that time included Eduard Daemel (1821–1900) entomologist, trader, explorer and collector; and Amalie Dietrich (1821–91) who spent 10 years in Australia collecting specimens for the Museum Godeffroy in Hamburg.
William Joseph Rainbow (1856–1919) was probably the most prolific of Australia’s early home-grown contributors. He described around 200 new species of spiders. His Census of Australian Araneidae (1911) listed all 1,102 species known to that date.
Keith McKeown wrote Spider Wonders of Australia in 1936, followed by Australian Spiders: Their Lives and Habits in 1952 and Australian Spiders in 1963. Barbara York Main, based in Western Australia, wrote a Jacaranda Pocket Guide in 1964. John Child published Spiders of Australia in 1965. In 1967 V. V. Hickman, contributed Some Common Spiders of Tasmania. Ion Staunton was author of a factfinder book All about Australian Spiders in 1968. Densey Clyne published Australian Spiders in 1969. Ramon Mascord published Australian Spiders in Colour in 1970, Australian Spiders in 1978 and Spiders of Australia in 1980.[3]
Australian Spider Families[edit]
Mygalomorphae Actinopodidae Missulena bradleyi Eastern Mouse Spider The Gap Brisbane
Australian spider families include:[3] Ambush-hunters (Arkyidae), Ant-eating Spiders (Zodariidae), Armoured Spiders (Tetrablemmidae), Assassin Spiders (Archaeidae), Australian Funnelweb Spiders (Hexathelidae), Australian Tarantulas (Theraphosidae), Brush-footed Trapdoor Spiders (Barychelidae), Cave Cobweb Spinners (Nesticidae), Comb-footed Spiders (Theridiidae), Comb‐tailed Spiders (Hahniidae), Cosmopolitan Spider Hunters (Cithaeronidae), Crab Spiders (Thomisidae), Crevice Weavers (Filistatidae), Curtain-web Spiders (Dipluridae), Daddy Long-legs Spiders (Pholcidae), Diamond-headed Spiders (Stenochilidae), Dwarf Orb-weaving Spiders (Symphytognathidae), False Wolf Spiders (Zoropsidae), Fishing Spiders (Pisauridae), Flatties (Selenopidae), Funnel Weavers (Agelenidae), Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae), Ground Sac Spiders (Trachelidae), Ground Spiders (Gnaphosidae), Hackled-mesh Weavers (Amaurobiidae), Hair-spike Synotaxids (Physoglenidae), Huntsman Spiders (Sparassidae), Intertidal and House Spiders (Desidae), Jumping Spiders (Salticidae), Lace-sheet Weavers (Psechridae), Long-claw Spiders (Gradungulidae), Long-jawed Ground Spiders (Gallieniellidae), Long-jawed Spiders (Tetragnathidae), Long-spinneret Speedsters (Prodidomidae), Lynx Spiders (Oxyopidae), Mesh-web spiders (Dictynidae), Midget Ground Weavers (Ochyroceratidae), Midget House Spiders (Oecobiidae), Minute Litter Spiders (Mysmenidae), Money Spiders (Linyphiidae), Mouse Spiders (Actinopodidae), Net-casting Spiders (Deinopidae), Orb-weavers (Araneidae), Pirate Spiders (Mimetidae), Platform Spiders (Stiphidiidae), Prowling Spiders (Miturgidae), Ray Spiders (Theridiosomatidae), Recluse Spiders (Sicariidae), Red-and-black Spiders (Nicodamidae), Running Crab Spiders (Philodromidae), Sac Spiders (Clubionidae), Saddle-legged Trapdoor Spiders (Ctenizidae), Scuttling Spiders (Cycloctenidae), Seashore Spiders (Anyphaenidae), Shield Spiders (Malkaridae), Six-eyed Ground Spiders (Orsolobidae), Slender Sac Spiders (Eutichuridae), Small Swift Spiders (Phrurolithidae), Southern Hunting Spiders (Toxopidae), Spiny‐legged Sac Spiders (Liocranidae), Spiny Trapdoor Spiders (Idiopidae), Spitting Spiders (Scytodidae), Swift Spiders and Ant Mimics (Corinnidae), Tasmanian Cave Spiders (Austrochilidae), Termite Hunters (Ammoxenidae), Tiny Orb-weavers (Anapidae), Tree Sheet-web Spiders (Cyatholipidae), Tree Trapdoor Spiders (Migidae), Tube-web Spiders (Segestriidae), Two-tailed Spiders (Hersiliidae), Unusual Flatties (Trochanteriidae), Venomless Spiders (Uloboridae), Wandering Spiders (Ctenidae), White‐tailed Spiders (Lamponidae), Wide-clawed Spiders (Periegopidae), Wishbone Spiders (Nemesiidae), Wolf Spiders (Lycosidae), Woodlouse Hunters (Dysderidae). Of these 9 families are mygalomorph spiders, the remaining araneomorphs.
Australian Spider Species[edit]
A complete checklist of Australian spiders can be found at the web site of the Australasian Arachnological Society[10] which is updated occasionally, independent of the World Spider Catalogue[11] ( WSC), but generally following the WSC.
Main article: List of common Australian spiders
Australian Peacock Spiders[edit]
Maratus volans
Peacock Spiders (Maratus spp.) are endemic to Australia. Peacock Spider males extend brilliantly coloured fans and wave their legs in a display for their female partners. Their fans are flaps and fringes on the sides of the abdomen, normally folded away, are inflated and spread wide when displaying. Presently the Australian peacock spiders are assigned to two genera, Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus Otto & Hill 2017. Whereas only a single species of Saratus has been described, the genus Maratus includes a diverse variety of at least 59 described species endemic to Australia.
The anomalus group includes relatives of M. anomalus that can be distinguished by the presence of a blunt, bifurcated apex of the outer ring of the embolus above a shorter, sharply pointed inner apex of the male pedipalp. The female epigynum has heavily sclerotized (darker) ducts at the lateral and medial posterior margin of each fossa.
The calcitrans group is widely distributed in eastern Australia with many colourful species. Davies and Żabka (1989) figured a male M. ottoi from the vicinity of Brisbane, but did not give it a name. The most widely distributed species is M. plumosus, first found near Sydney. The male M. plumosus is also the most atypical of the group, with feathery plumes that it extends to the rear above its elevated and partly expanded fan. Males of all other species in the group inflate their spinnerets as they display to females. All members of the group have an asymmetric display in which they alternately extend or kick one leg III to one side, then the other leg III to the other side.
The chrysomelas group includes the widely-distributed M. chrysomelas and the closely related M. nigromaculatus that is known only from the southern coast of Queensland. M. chrysomelas can be found in the arid interior and the tropical north. The fimbriatus group has been found at a number of locations in the grazed interior of New South Wales. The closely related M. licunxini was collected at Carnarvon Station Homestead in the interior of Queensland. These spiders are quite different from any other known Maratus, and their display includes the use of extended legs I. The harrisi group includes two closely related species with a lobate or rounded flap on either side of the fan. The discovery and later rediscovery of M. harrisi by Stuart Harris was the subject of an award- winning documentary entitled Maratus: A Documystery.
Maratus mungaich by Jean Hort
The mungaich group endemic to the southern part of Western Australia, includes species with very wide, brightly-coloured fans covered with a pattern of bright red scales on a background of iridescent scales. All males in the group extend legs III, but several (M. avibus, M. bubo, M. caeruleus, and M. madelineae) closely bracket the fan with legs III as they display. The pavonis group is centered around Maratus pavonis. The spicatus group includes three very small species. Males rear their colourful fan and wave it from side to side but do not extend legs III as they display to females. The tasmanicus group includes two closely related species, one southeastern and one southwestern. Males have a large triangular fan with lobate flaps, each flap bearing a large black spot. The velutinus group have a velvety-black fan with elongated, black dorsal scales. The volans group contains three of the most colourful peacock spiders. Males of all three species have a large, fringed fan with distinctive figures consisting of pigmented scales on a background of iridescent scales.
Australia's Redback Spider and Sydney Funnelweb[edit]
Redback Spider Latrodectus hasselti, Myall Park Botanic Garden, Glenmorgan, Queensland Australia
The Redback Spider's original range is considered to be parts of the South Australian and Western Australian deserts, from where it has since invaded the rest of Australia and several places overseas, including New Zealand, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and Japan.[12] The Redback performs sexual cannibalism during mating, the female eating the male who sacrifices himself.[13] The most obvious sign of a Redback bite is extreme pain accompanied by localised sweating, beginning three to five minutes after being bitten. The sweating then becomes more generalised. This is the result of the body reacting to its own neurotransmitter chemicals leaking from nerve junctions at the bite site. Systemic effects such as feeling sick, abdominal pain and nausea can be brought on by trauma and associated pain.[3] Four randomized controlled trials of Reback antivenom, developed in 1956, have occurred. Isbister et. al. reported in 2015 that any patient for whom antivenom is considered must be fully informed that there is considerable weight of evidence to suggest it is no better than placebo, there is a risk of anaphylaxis and serum sickness, and that routine use is therefore not recommended.[14]
The Sydney Funnelweb Spider Atrax robustus, is considered to be the world’s most dangerous spider. It is found within a 100 km diameter circle around Sydney. No deaths have occurred since the advent of an antivenom in 1981. Males wander at night in spring and summer in search of females. Some wander into houses or fall into swimming pools, where they can stay alive underwater for long periods. This species has been milked for research at James Cook University Cairns for use in cancer treatments.[3]
White-tailed Spiders myths and hoaxes[edit]
A white tailed spider. Photo credit: David McClenaghan
The urban myth of the bite of the White-tailed Spider leading to severe illness and large flesh-eating wounds has never been verified. Studies of verified Lampona bites have not shown any case of necrotising ulcers.[15][16] Lamponidae has nearly 200 known species, all but two in Australia. The most common species is Lampona cylindrata (throughout Australia but not eastern Queensland). The almost identical Lampona murina is restricted to eastern Australia. These two species are difficult to tell apart, the only clue in the field, without looking at genitalia, being location. Lamponids have eight eyes in two rows. The middle two eyes in the back row are oval shaped and often silvery or blueish. Most tend to be medium-sized, though the body length range of all species is 3 to 13 mm. The cigar-shaped abdomen (sometimes flattened) is narrowed at both ends. The cephalothorax, which is often wider than the abdomen, is similarly shaped but shorter, usually about half the length of the abdomen. Legs are slender, with two claws, usually more slender than those of the similar Gnaphosidae. Juveniles tend to have more or less obvious whitish marks on the upper surface of the abdomen.[3]
The urban myth originated in 1982 when Australian medical researcher Struan Sutherland claimed the White-tailed Spider as the culprit of severe skin ulcers and necrotic lesions. This was perpetuated by a number of articles in medical journals. Research by toxicologist Geoff Isbister and arachnologist Mike Gray investigated verified Lampona cylindrata bites, patients complained about pain, redness and itchiness, but researchers could find no resulting necrotic ulcers or other confirmed infections.[15][17][18]
Daddy Long-legs potent venom myth[edit]
The Daddy Long-legs Spider Pholcus phalangioides (so named because the abdomen is finger-shaped) is one of nine introduced pholcids in Australia. A myth developed around its venom, suggesting it would easily kill a person if only its fangs were big enough to penetrate skin. This suggestion is bogus.[19] It may have arisen because of its ability to kill the Redback Spider Latrodectus hasseltii. Daddy Long-legs Spiders can tangle up and wrap Redback Spiders from a safe distance by means of their long legs, which they use to apply silk. Once the Redback is fully trussed, the Daddy Long-legs Spider bite at will and simply wait for the bigger spider to die so it can feed.[3]
See also[edit]
Fauna of Australia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Egerton, L. ed. 2005. Encyclopedia of Australian wildlife p563 Reader's Digest ISBN 1-876689-34-X
Jump up ^ Atkinson, Ronald K. (1 November 1993). "A comparison of the toxicity of the venoms of twelve common Australian spider species on rodent vital organ systems". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C. 106 (3): 639–642. doi:10.1016/0742-8413(93)90220-F.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Whyte, Robert; Anderson, Greg (2017). A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia. Clayton VIC: CSIRO Publishing.
Jump up ^ Framenau, Volker W; Baehr, Barbara; Zborowski, Paul (2014). A guide to the spiders of Australia. ISBN 9781921517242.
Jump up ^ Australian spiders: the 10 most dangerous, Australian Geographic, 16 August 2012
Jump up ^ "Our New Field Guide". arachne.org.au. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ Wheeler (2016). "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling". Cladistics. doi:10.1111/cla.12182.
Jump up ^ Dimitrov, Dimitar (2016). "Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea)". Cladistics. doi:10.1111/cla.12165.
Jump up ^ Ramirez, Martin. "The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. No. 390.
Jump up ^ "AAS - Arachnology - Spiders / Araneae". www.australasian-arachnology.org. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ Bern, Natural History Museum. "NMBE - World Spider Catalog". www.wsc.nmbe.ch. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ "Redback spiders found in Tokyo for first time". ABC News. 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ Saez, Natalie J. "What You Need To Know About The Redback Spider". Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ Isbister, Geoffrey K.; Page, Colin B.; Isbister, Geoffrey K.; Buckley, Nicholas A.; Fatovich, Daniel M.; Brown, Simon G. A. (2015). "In reply". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 65 (1): 124–125. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.08.021. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 25529160.
^ Jump up to: a b "AAS - Urban Myths - The bite of the White-tailed Spider (Lampona spp.)". www.australasian-arachnology.org. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ "The truth about white-tail spiders". Australian Geographic. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ Isbister, Geoffrey K.; Gray, Michael R. (2003). "White-tail spider bite: a prospective study of 130 definite bites by Lampona species". Medical Journal of Australia. 179 (4). ISSN 0025-729X.
Jump up ^ "White-tailed Spider - Australian Museum". australianmuseum.net.au. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ "Daddy long-legs Spiders: Museums Victoria". museumvictoria.com.au. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spiders of Australia.
Spiders at the Australian Museum
Spiders in Western Australia
Arachne http://www.arachne.org.au
http://findaspider.org.au Find a Spider
http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/features/spiders/#.WTSVXcZ7GEI
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The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
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The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Created by
Andy Borowitz
Susan Borowitz
Starring
Will Smith
James Avery
Janet Hubert-Whitten
Alfonso Ribeiro
Karyn Parsons
Tatyana M. Ali
Joseph Marcell
Daphne Maxwell Reid
Ross Bagley
Theme music composer
The Fresh Prince in association with A Touch of Jazz, Inc.
Opening theme
"Yo Home to Bel Air", performed by The Fresh Prince
Composer(s)
Quincy Jones
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
6
No. of episodes
148 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Quincy Jones
Andy Borowitz
Susan Borowitz
Kevin Wendle (Season 1)
Winifred Hervey (Seasons 2–3)
Gary H. Miller (Season 4–5)
Cheryl Gard (Mid-Late Season 5)
Jeff Pollack
Will Smith (Season 6)
Benny Medina
Producer(s)
Werner Walian
Lisa Rosenthal
Joel Madison
Leilani Downer
Joanne Curley-Kerner
Joel Markowitz
Location(s)
Hollywood Center Studios
Hollywood, California (1990–1991)
Sunset Gower Studios
Hollywood, California (1991–1993)
NBC Studios
Burbank, California (1993–1996)
Camera setup
Videotape; Multi-camera
Running time
23 minutes
Production company(s)
The Stuffed Dog Company
Quincy Jones Productions (Seasons 1–3)
Quincy Jones/David Salzman Entertainment (Seasons 4–6)
NBC Productions
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television Distribution (1994–present)
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
Original release
September 10, 1990 (1990-09-10) – May 20, 1996 (1996-05-20)
External links
Website
www.warnerbros.co.uk/television/freshprince/index2.html
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10, 1990, to May 20, 1996. The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself, a street-smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court. In the series, his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air. The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
2 Plot
3 Cast and characters
3.1 Major supporting characters
4 Episodes
5 Crossovers and other appearances
6 Syndication
7 Ratings
8 DVD releases
9 Awards and nominations
10 Possible reboot
11 References
12 External links
Development[edit]
The characters of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. From top left: Hilary Banks, Geoffrey, Vivian Banks, Carlton Banks. From bottom left: Ashley Banks, Philip Banks, Will Smith.
In December 1989, NBC approached Will Smith, a popular rapper during the late 1980s.[3] The pilot episode began taping on May 1, 1990.[4] Season 1 first aired in September 1990, and ended in May 1991. The series finale was taped on Thursday, March 21, 1996.[5][6]
The theme song "Yo Home to Bel Air" was written and performed by Smith under his stage name, The Fresh Prince. The music was composed by Quincy Jones, who is credited with Smith at the end of each episode. The music often used to bridge scenes together during the show is based on a similar chord structure.
In the second season, the kitchen and living room sets were rebuilt much larger with a more contemporary style (as opposed to the much more formal style of the first season) and were connected directly by an archway, allowing scenes to be shot continuously between the sets.
Plot[edit]
The theme song and opening sequence set the premise of the show. Will Smith is a street smart teenager, born and raised in West Philadelphia. While playing basketball, Will misses a shot and the ball hits a group of people, causing a confrontation that frightens his mother, who sends him to live with his aunt and uncle in the opulent neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles.
Will's working-class background ends up clashing in various humorous ways with the upper class world of the Banks family – Will's uncle Phil and aunt Vivian and their children, Will's cousins: Hilary, Carlton, and Ashley.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air characters
Will Smith as Will Smith
James Avery as Philip Banks
Janet Hubert-Whitten (Season 1–3) and Daphne Maxwell Reid (Season 4–6) as Vivian Banks
Alfonso Ribeiro as Carlton Banks
Karyn Parsons as Hilary Banks
Tatyana M. Ali as Ashley Banks
Joseph Marcell as Geoffrey Butler
Ross Bagley as Nicholas "Nicky" Banks (Seasons 5 & 6)
Major supporting characters[edit]
DJ Jazzy Jeff as Jazz
Vernee Watson-Johnson as Viola "Vy" Smith
Jenifer Lewis as Helen Smith (recurring)
Nia Long as Lisa Wilkes (Season 5)
Tyra Banks as Jacqueline "Jackie" Ames (Season 4)
John Amos as Fred Wilkes (Lisa's father) (Season 5)
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air episodes
Crossovers and other appearances[edit]
During the fall 1991–1992 season, NBC gained two hit television shows to anchor their Monday night lineup (Blossom aired immediately after The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air). To gain popularity between the two shows, Will Smith appeared in the Blossom episode "I'm with the Band" as himself under his rap stage name, The Fresh Prince. That same season, Karyn Parsons appeared in the Blossom episode "Wake Up Little Suzy" as Hilary Banks. Parsons also appeared in the Patti LaBelle sitcom, Out All Night as Hilary.
In the House and Fresh Prince were both executive produced by Winifred Hervey, David Salzman and Quincy Jones. During the second season's first episode, Alfonso Ribeiro and Tatyana Ali appeared as their Fresh Prince characters (Carlton and Ashley Banks) in the crossover episode "Dog Catchers". Later that season, James Avery (Phillip Banks) appeared as a mediator in the episode "Love on a One-Way Street".
In the Season 4 episode "My Pest Friend's Wedding", James Avery and Daphne Maxwell Reid (Vivian Banks) guest starred as Dr. Maxwell Stanton's parents (Stanton was played by Ribeiro). Both Avery and Reid portrayed the parents of Ribeiro's Fresh Prince character. Joseph Marcell, who played the wisecracking Geoffrey Butler on Fresh Prince, also appeared as an officiating minister in the same episode.
Syndication[edit]
The series was produced by NBC Productions in association with The Stuffed Dog Company and Quincy Jones Entertainment (later Quincy Jones-David Salzman Entertainment in 1993). After the show was released to syndication in 1994, the series has been distributed by Warner Bros. Television, which continues to distribute the show worldwide (although NBCUniversal does own the series' copyright). WGN America was the first cable channel to acquire the series in 1997, TBS acquired the series a year later in 1998; both channels carried the series until the fall of 2003, though TBS reacquired the series in 2007.
The theme song was shown in the original TBS run, but after TBS re-acquired Fresh Prince in 2007, the opening credits were truncated and the theme song removed and replaced with the instrumental version used as the show's closing theme; these versions also re added portions of scenes cut from the original syndicated prints for some episodes, particularly those from Seasons 3 to 6. TBS continues to air the series today, early in the morning. Reruns also aired on WPIX-TV back to back weeknights at 6 pm & 6:30 pm EST from 1994 until 2000, and as a weekday basis at 5 pm from 2000 to 2005, sometimes on weekends until 2007. But, the series was still rerunning on The WB's affiliation WPIX-TV until 2006.
While moving The WB to Nick at Nite, it was airing to 2006-2009 and moved to Disney XD.
In July 2009, Disney XD acquired the rights to the series, though it was quickly moved from prime time to late night airings, and only episodes from Seasons 1 to 3 are aired, mainly because those episodes are more appropriate for young viewers and does not contain as many mature themes, sexual content and strong language as later episodes. But in August 2010, Disney XD stopped airing the show.
ABC Family (now called Freeform) acquired the series in September 2008, though airing all 148 episodes; originally airing exclusively on Saturday nights, the series was added to ABC Family's weekday line up in late 2009. On September 29, 2014, Disney/ABC rights to the show expired. Viacom Media Networks got the series back.
In October 2014, Viacom Media Networks also gave the series to BET, it also will air on Centric. It was previously aired on MTV's retro block. Also, the series reruns on VH1. On November 2, 2015, the series started airing on the Family Channel in Canada. On January 1, 2017, the series was added to Netflix in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
In 2014, Fresh Prince Of Bel Air started airing again in Nickelodeon`s block night channel, Nick at Nite.
Ratings[edit]
Season
U.S. ratings
Network
Rank
1 1990–91 13.1 million NBC #39
2 1991–92 14.3 million NBC #22
3 1992–93 14.6 million NBC #18
4 1993–94 13.7 million NBC #21
5 1994–95 10.4 million NBC #49
6 1995–96 9.6 million NBC #55
DVD releases[edit]
Warner Home Video has released the complete series, seasons 1 to 6 on DVD in Region 1.[7] Seasons 1 to 4 have been released in Regions 2 and 4. Seasons 5 to 6 have been released in Region 2 in Germany, and in the complete series boxset in the United Kingdom. The episodes and DVD menus are in English; only the DVD packaging is in German.
DVD Name
Ep #
Release dates
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
The Complete First Season 25 February 8, 2005[8] February 21, 2005[9] April 13, 2005[10]
The Complete Second Season 24 October 11, 2005[11] November 21, 2005[12] March 1, 2006[13]
The Complete Third Season 24 February 14, 2006[14] June 26, 2006[15] August 9, 2006[16]
The Complete Fourth Season 26 August 8, 2006[17] January 22, 2007[18] December 6, 2006[19]
The Complete Fifth Season 25 May 11, 2010[20] June 18, 2010 TBA
The Complete Sixth Season 24 April 19, 2011 May 6, 2011 TBA
Awards and nominations[edit]
Awards
Outcome
Recipient(s)
Year
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards:
Top TV Series Won Quincy Jones
Will Smith
DJ Jazzy Jeff 1994
Emmy Awards:
Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction for a Comedy Series Nominated Art Busch 1996
Golden Globe Awards:
Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical Nominated Will Smith 1994
Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical Nominated[21] Will Smith 1993
Image Award:
Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated 1997
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Won Alfonso Ribeiro 1996
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series Nominated Will Smith 1997
Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress Won Tatyana M. Ali 1997
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated Janet Hubert-Whitten 1991
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated Nia Long 1996
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated Daphne Maxwell Reid 1996
Kids' Choice Awards:
Favorite Television Actor Nominated Will Smith 1996
Favorite Television Show Nominated 1996
Favorite TV Actress Won Tatyana M. Ali 1996
NCLR Bravo Awards:
Outstanding Television Series Actor in a Crossover Role Nominated Alfonso Ribeiro 1996
TP de Oro:
Best Foreign Series (Mejor Serie Extranjera) Nominated 1996
Best Foreign Series (Mejor Serie Extranjera) Won 1994
TV Land Awards:
Best Broadcast Butler Nominated Joseph Marcell 2004
Favorite "Fish Out of Water" Nominated Will Smith 2004
Young Artist Awards:
Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten – Television Won Ross Bagley 1996
Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten in a TV Series Won Ross Bagley 1995
Best Youth Comedienne Nominated Tatyana M. Ali 1994
Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Television Series Nominated Larenz Tate 1993
Best Young Actor Guest Starring or Recurring Role in a TV Series Nominated Tevin Campbell 1992
Best New Family Television Comedy Series Won 1991
YoungStar Award:
Best Performance by a Young Actress in a Comedy TV Series Won Tatyana M. Ali 1997
Possible reboot[edit]
On August 13, 2015, it was reported that a reboot of the show was in development by Overbrook Entertainment, with Will Smith serving as a producer.[22][23] While the original aired on NBC, a network for the reboot has yet to be determined.[24] In August 2016, during a promotional interview with the E! television network, for his then upcoming film Suicide Squad, Smith had denied that a reboot was in development, saying that it would happen "...pretty close to when Hell freezes over."[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air". TV.com. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Coker, Cheo Hodari (May 20, 1996). "Good Night, 'Prince'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rohter, Larry (September 17, 1990). "'Fresh Prince of Bel Air' Puts Rap in Mainstream". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wolf, Matt (February 11, 1991). "'Fresh Prince' makes Marcell changed man". Kentucky New Era. Associated Press. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cerone, Daniel. "Rap's Prince Soon to Be TV Royalty?". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Hollywood Minute". CNN. Cable News Network Inc. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air DVD news: Announcement for The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air - The Complete 6th Season". TVShowsOnDVD.com. May 25, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The: The Complete First Season DVD @ DVD Empire". Dvdempire.com. February 8, 2005. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air - The Complete First Series DVD: Amazon.co.uk: Will Smith, James Avery, Janet Hubert-Whitten, Alfonso Ribeiro, Karyn Parsons, Tatyana M. Ali, Joseph Marcell: DVD". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The - The Complete 1st Season (5 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD". Ezydvd.com.au. April 27, 2005. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The: The Complete Second Season DVD @ DVD Empire". Dvdempire.com. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air - The Complete Second Series DVD: Amazon.co.uk: Will Smith, James Avery, Janet Hubert-Whitten, Alfonso Ribeiro, Karyn Parsons, Tatyana M. Ali, Joseph Marcell, DJ Jazzy Jeff, Ellen Falcon: DVD". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The - The Complete 2nd Season (4 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD". Ezydvd.com.au. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The: The Complete Third Season DVD @ DVD Empire". Dvdempire.com. February 14, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air - The Complete Third Season DVD: Amazon.co.uk: Will Smith, James Avery, Karyn Parsons, Alfonso Ribeiro, Tatyana M. Ali, Joseph Marcell: DVD". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The - The Complete 3rd Season (4 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD". Ezydvd.com.au. August 9, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The: The Complete Fourth Season DVD @ DVD Empire". Dvdempire.com. August 8, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air - Series 4 [DVD]: Amazon.co.uk: Will Smith: DVD". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The - The Complete 4th Season (4 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD". Ezydvd.com.au. December 6, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, The: The Complete Fifth Season DVD @ DVD Empire". Dvdempire.com. November 5, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Awards for The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air". Imdb.com. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ Lovett, Jamie (August 13, 2015). "Will Smith Producing A Fresh Prince Of Bel Air Reboot". Comicbook.com. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ ""Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" Reboot in the Works - thenewbenjamin". thenewbenjamin.
Jump up ^ "Will Smith Reboots Fresh Prince of Bel Air". PopCultureFan.com. August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Loughrey, Clarisse (August 2, 2016). "Will Smith says Fresh Prince of Bel-Air reboot will happen when 'hell freezes over'". The Independent. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
External links[edit]
African American portal
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Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.
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The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air at TV.com
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Same Love
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see The Same Love.
"Same Love"
Single by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Mary Lambert
from the album The Heist
Released
July 18, 2012
Format
Digital download, 7"
Recorded
February 2012
Genre
Conscious hip hop, hardcore hip hop[1]
Length
5:20
Label
Macklemore LLC
Songwriter(s)
Ben Haggerty, Ryan Lewis, Mary Lambert
Producer(s)
Ryan Lewis
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis singles chronology
"Can't Hold Us"
(2011) "Same Love"
(2012) "Thrift Shop"
(2012)
"Can't Hold Us"
(2011) "Same Love"
(2012) "Thrift Shop"
(2012)
Mary Lambert singles chronology
"Same Love"
(2012) Same Love2012 "She Keeps Me Warm"
(2013) She Keeps Me Warm2013
7" vinyl issue
Music video
"Same Love" on YouTube
"Same Love" is a song by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, released as the third single from their 2012 debut studio album, The Heist. The track, featuring vocals by Seattle-based singer Mary Lambert, talks about the issue of gay and lesbian rights and was recorded during the campaign for Washington Referendum 74, which, upon approval in 2012, legalized same-sex marriage in Washington State. The song reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States and reached number 1 in both Australia and New Zealand. The song was nominated at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Song of the Year.[2]
The cover artwork for the single shows a photograph of Macklemore's uncle, John Haggerty, and his husband, Sean.[3]
The song was featured as a part of YouTube's Pride Week.[4] The video has over 176 million views on YouTube as of September 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Reception
3 Music video
4 Live performances
5 Chart performance
6 Awards and nominations
7 Track listing
8 Charts and certifications
8.1 Weekly charts
8.2 Year-end charts
8.3 Certifications
9 "She Keeps Me Warm"
9.1 Background and content
9.2 Music video
9.3 Chart performance
10 References
11 External links
Composition[edit]
"Same Love"
Sample of "Same Love" which talks about gay rights
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Same Love" was unofficially adopted as an anthem by supporters of legalizing same-sex marriage, particularly in reference to Washington Referendum 74 (R-74 or Ref 74), a Washington state referendum to approve or reject the February 2012 bill that would legalize same-sex marriage in the state.[citation needed]
Macklemore explained that the song also came out of his own frustration with hip hop's positions on homosexuality. "Misogyny and homophobia are the two acceptable means of oppression in hip hop culture. It's 2012. There needs to be some accountability. I think that as a society we're evolving and I think that hip hop has always been a representation of what's going on in the world right now."[5]
Reception[edit]
"Same Love" received critical acclaim. Gary Nunn in The Guardian said that the song was "a far cry from the cheese-fest that usually puts commercial interest first, tenuous rhyming couplets second and poignancy last" and that it "may be the most profound song" hip-hop as a genre has produced.[6] Critic Robert Christgau named it one of the top ten singles of 2012.[7] Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone, although giving the album a mixed review, called "Same Love" one of its "virtues".[8] David Jeffries of AllMusic described the track as a "pro-gay marriage highlight".[9] Robert Christgau wrote the song was "the best gay marriage song to date in any genre and as corny as it damn well oughta be."[10] Adam Fleischer of XXL wrote "Lewis provides bright and uplifting instrumentation to perfectly reflect Macklemore’s forward-thinking analysis of hip-hop and society’s take on homosexuality and same sex marriage."[11] Billboard listed "Same Love" at number 4 on their list of Best Songs of 2013, stating that "the triumph of "Same Love" is in its specificity".[12]
"Same Love" became the first Top 40 song in the U.S. to promote and celebrate same-sex marriage.[13]
Music video[edit]
The music video for "Same Love", directed by Ryan Lewis and Jon Jon Augustavo and produced by Tricia Davis, debuted on Lewis's YouTube account on October 2, 2012, and accumulated 350,000 views 24 hours after its debut. The video, spanning decades, depicts the life of the main character and the same-sex partner with whom he falls in love, including the social conflicts which befall them in relation to their sexual orientation, their eventual marriage, and the death of one of the partners in old age. The wedding of the main couple was filmed at All Pilgrims Christian Church in Seattle. Macklemore and Mary Lambert cameo in non-speaking roles in the video.
The description of the video links to the website of Music4Marriage.org, an initiative to encourage musical support for Washington State Referendum 74; the organization dissolved after its passage.[14]
The video received the 2013 MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Message.
Live performances[edit]
[hide]This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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On October 30, 2012, Mackmore, Ryan Lewis and Mary Lambert appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show performing the single "Same Love".[15] It was performed live on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report on May 1, 2013.[16]
It was performed live at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards on August 25, 2013 with Jennifer Hudson joining Macklemore, Lewis and Lambert on stage.[17]
Irish rock band Kodaline covered the song on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge in 2013.
The song was performed during the 56th Grammy Awards where Macklemore, Lewis, and Lambert were joined onstage by Queen Latifah who oversaw and officiated the weddings of 33 same-sex and opposite-sex couples. Towards the end of the performance, Madonna joined in with a rendition of her song "Open Your Heart".[18]
"Same Love" was performed live in Abu Dhabi on April 25, 2014, as part of their concert.[19]
The song was also performed live at FM4 Frequency Festival on August 22, 2014.
The song was performed during the 2017 National Rugby League Grand Final in Sydney, Australia.[20] Several conservative politicians actively opposing marriage equality in Australia criticized the decision to include the song prior to the performance.[21] Macklemore responded to the criticism by promising to "go harder".[22]
Chart performance[edit]
The single was released on July 18, 2012. It entered the Billboard Hot 100 the week of February 7, 2013 at number 99 and later peaked at number 11 . On the US Rap chart, "Same Love" placed within the Top 5, peaking at number 2. This gave Macklemore and Ryan Lewis simultaneous Top 5 songs, along with "Thrift Shop" and "Can't Hold Us". "Same Love" also reached number 1 in New Zealand, number 4 on the Canadian Hot 100, and number 6 on the UK Singles Chart. As of September 2013, the song has sold over 2 million copies in the United States.[23]
The song also replaced "Thrift Shop" at number 1 on the Australian ARIA Charts in January 2013,[24] making Macklemore only the third artist to replace his/herself at number one on the ARIA Charts after Madonna in 1985 and The Black Eyed Peas in 2009.[25]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Ceremony
Award
Result
2013 MTV Video Music Award MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Message[26] Won
2014 Grammy Awards (56th) Song of the Year[27] Nominated
Track listing[edit]
Digital download / 7"
No.
Title
Length
1. "Same Love" (featuring Mary Lambert) 5:20
Remixes
No.
Title
Length
1. "Same Love (Cutmore Club Mix)" (featuring Mary Lambert) 5:52
2. "Same Love (Cutmore Radio Edit)" (featuring Mary Lambert) 3:53
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2012–13)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[28]
1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[29]
19
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[30]
11
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[31]
13
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[32]
4
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[33]
9
Denmark (Tracklisten)[34]
38
Finnish Airplay (Radiosoittolista)[35]
92
France (SNEP)[36]
19
Germany (Official German Charts)[37]
25
Ireland (IRMA)[38]
6
Italy (FIMI)[39]
20
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[40]
13
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[41]
1
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[42]
7
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[43]
53
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[44]
33
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[45]
6
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[46]
1
UK Indie (Official Charts Company)[47]
1
US Billboard Hot 100[48]
11
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[49]
3
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[50]
5
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[51]
3
US Rock Airplay (Billboard)[52]
23
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[53] 14
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[54] 84
Belgium (Ultratop Flanders Urban)[55] 20
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[56] 100
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[57] 31
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100)[58] 69
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[59] 15
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[60] 70
US Billboard Hot 100[61] 43
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[62] 13
US Rap Songs (Billboard)[63] 9
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[64]
5× Platinum 350,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[65]
Gold 40,000^
Italy (FIMI)[66]
Gold 15,000*
New Zealand (RMNZ)[67]
2× Platinum 30,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[68]
Gold 400,000
United States (RIAA)[69]
2× Platinum 2,000,000[23]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
"She Keeps Me Warm"[edit]
"She Keeps Me Warm"
Single by Mary Lambert
from the album Welcome to the Age of My Body
Released
July 26, 2013 (2013-07-26)[70]
Genre
Pop
R&B
Length
3:51
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Mary Lambert
Mary Lambert singles chronology
"Same Love"
(2012) "She Keeps Me Warm"
(2013) "Secrets"
(2014)
"Same Love"
(2012) "She Keeps Me Warm"
(2013) "Secrets"
(2014)
"She Keeps Me Warm" is a song written and performed by Mary Lambert, derived from the chorus she provided to "Same Love".[70][71] It is included on Lambert's debut major-label EP, Welcome to the Age of My Body (2013), and was released to American hot adult contemporary radio in the summer of 2013 as her first solo single.[71]
Background and content[edit]
"She Keeps Me Warm" (and the chorus it shares with "Same Love") was inspired by Lambert's experiences with love and growing up homosexual in a religious family. Lambert explained to Entertainment Tonight at the 56th Grammy Awards that the song came about as a result of her wanting to write a song that was "genuine and authentic to [her] experience".[72] While written from the particular perspective of a lesbian, the song's themes of love and security in relationships have a universal appeal, which contributed to its warm reception on pop radio.[71] Chad Rufer, PD of KZZO Sacramento, suggested to Billboard that the original version "has more of a political stance than Lambert's" and that the re-worked "She Keeps Me Warm" is "simply a great pop song about falling in love."[71]
Music video[edit]
The music video for "She Keeps Me Warm" was directed by Mego Lin and premiered on VEVO on August 24, 2013.[73] It features Bryn Santillan.[74] An official lyric video was released December 17, 2013 in support of the song's parent EP.[75]
Chart performance[edit]
"She Keeps Me Warm" debuted at number 38 on the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart for the week ending January 25, 2014.[71]
Chart (2014)
Peak
position
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[76] 20
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Macklemore's Gay Anthem". studio360. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Nunn, Gary (1 March 2013). "Same love; different lyrics". London: The Guardian.
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Jump up ^ McKinley Jr, James C. (June 30, 2013). "The New York Times". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
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Jump up ^ "ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles Chart| Australia's Official Top 50 Songs". ARIA Charts. 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2013-03-31.
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Jump up ^ "RAPPORTS ANNUELS 2013 : Singles" (in French). ultratop.be/fr. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis feat. Mary Lambert – Same Love". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
^ Jump up to: a b Rudolph, Christopher. "Mary Lambert Turns Macklemore's 'Same Love' Chorus Into 'She Keeps Me Warm' (VIDEO)". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Trust, Gary. "Mary Lambert's 'She Keeps Me Warm' Rises At Radio After Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Success". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Seemayer, Zach. "Mary Lambert: Why I Wrote 'Same Love'". Entertainment Tonight. CBS Corporation. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
Jump up ^ MaryLambertVEVO. "Mary Lambert - She Keeps Me Warm (2013 Version)". YouTube. Google. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Mary Lambert Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)" Billboard.
External links[edit]
Official music video on YouTube
[show]
v
t
e
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis
Macklemore
Ryan Lewis
Studio albums
The Heist (2012)
This Unruly Mess I've Made (2016)
Singles
"Wings"
"Can't Hold Us"
"Same Love"
"Thrift Shop"
"White Walls"
"Downtown"
"Dance Off"
"Brad Pitt's Cousin"
Featured singles
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Promotional singles
"White Privilege II"
Related articles
Discography
Awards and nominations
[show]
v
t
e
MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message (2010s)
2011
Lady Gaga — "Born This Way"
2012
Demi Lovato — "Skyscraper"
2013
Macklemore and Ryan Lewis (featuring Mary Lambert) — "Same Love"
2014
Beyoncé — "Pretty Hurts"
2015
Big Sean (featuring Kanye West and John Legend) — "One Man Can Change the World"
2016
NA
2017
All nominees — Big Sean ("Light"), Alessia Cara ("Scars to Your Beautiful"), The Hamilton Mixtape ("Immigrants (We Get The Job Done)"), John Legend ("Surefire"), Logic ("Black Spiderman"), and Taboo ("Stand Up")
Complete list
(2010s)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same_Love&oldid=808733637"
Categories:
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