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Marriage Boot Camp
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Marriage Boot Camp
Also known as
'Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas
Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars
Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Family Edition'
Genre
Reality
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
13
No. of episodes
120 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Adam Freeman
Adam Reed
Lauren P. Gellert
Leslie Grief
Moriah Muse
Suzanne Murch
Jim Carroll
Elizabeth Carroll
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
Thinkfactory Media
September Films
Release
Original network
WE tv
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
May 31, 2013 (2013-05-31) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Bridezillas
External links
Website
Marriage Boot Camp (also known as Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas, Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars and Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Family Edition) is an American reality television series which debuted on May 31, 2013, on WE tv.[1][2] It is a spin-off of Bridezillas [3] and is based on the Marriage Boot Camp non-profit seminar created by Jim Carroll in 1994. It was announced on August 1, 2013, that the series had been renewed for a ten-episode second season.[4] Production began in late 2013.[4] Season 2 dropped Bridezillas from the title,[5] and premiered on March 7, 2014.[6]
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas Cast
2.1.1 Season 1 – Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas
2.1.2 Season 2 – Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas 2
2.2 Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Cast
2.2.1 Season 3 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars
2.2.2 Season 4 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 2
2.2.3 Season 5 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 3
2.2.4 Season 6 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 4
2.2.5 Season 7 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 5
2.2.6 Season 8 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 6
2.2.7 Season 9 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 7
2.2.8 Season 11 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 9
2.2.9 Season 13 — Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 11 - Lovers & Liars
2.3 Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Family Edition Cast
2.3.1 Season 10 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 8 - Family Edition
2.3.2 Season 12 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 10 - Family Edition 2
3 Episodes
4 International broadcast
5 References
6 External links
Synopsis[edit]
The first two seasons of Marriage Boot Camp chronicle the lives of five couples from previous seasons of Bridezillas as they move into one house together for approximately ten days in order to save their marital bonds. Following the second season, the show chronicle the lives of five couples from various reality shows.[2] The couples do a number of exercises to see if their marriages are worth saving.[2] In the end, the couples decide if they should divorce or make up.[2] Leading the program for the first seven seasons is marriage counselor team Jim Carroll and his wife Elizabeth.[7]
Cast[edit]
Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas Cast[edit]
Season 1 – Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas[edit]
Danni and Marlon Starr[8]
Kirsten and Seth Walker[9]
Melissa and Chris Moore[10]
Porsha and Byron Martin[2]
Remy (Reham) and Rob Maaddi[2]
Hosts and Counselors: Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, David Bishop, Dana Hamman[2]
Season 2 – Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas 2[edit]
Blanca and Julian Lujan[4]
Mai-Lee and Tomas Acea[4]
Gloria and Mark Darrington[4]
Sofia and Shaun Sulligan[4]
Tasha Daniel and Jeff Webster[4]
Hosts and Counselors - Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, Bobby Davis and Ilsa Norman[2]
Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Cast[edit]
Season 3 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars[edit]
Jennifer "JWoww" Farley and Roger Mathews (from Jersey Shore and Snooki & Jwoww)[5]
Traci Braxton and Kevin Surratt (from Braxton Family Values)[5]
Tanisha Thomas and Clive Muir (from Bad Girls Club, Tanisha Gets Married and Celebrity Fit Club)[5]
Gretchen Rossi and Slade Smiley (from The Real Housewives of Orange County)[5]
Ryan and Trista Sutter (from The Bachelorette and Dancing with the Stars)[11]
Hosts and Counselors: Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, Bobby Davis and Ilsa Norman[2]
Season 4 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 2[edit]
Natalie Nunn and Jacob Payne (from Bad Girls Club and Celebrity Big Brother UK)[12]
Spencer Pratt and Heidi Montag (from The Hills, I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, Famous Food and Celebrity Big Brother UK)[12]
Syleena Johnson and Kiwane Garris (from R&B Divas: Atlanta)[12]
Tyson Apostol and Rachel Foulger (from Survivor)[12]
Aviva and Reid Drescher (from The Real Housewives of New York City)[12]
Hosts and Counselors: Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, David Bishop and Ilsa Norman[2]
Season 5 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 3[edit]
Aubrey O'Day and Travis Garland (from Making The Band, All About Aubrey, The Celebrity Apprentice and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Michael "The Situation" Sorrentino and Lauren Pesce (from Jersey Shore, The Sorrentinos, Dancing with the Stars and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Tami Roman and Reggie Youngblood (from The Real World and Basketball Wives)
Jeff Schroeder and Jordan Lloyd (from Big Brother and The Amazing Race)
Kendra Wilkinson and Hank Baskett (from The Girls Next Door, Kendra, Kendra on Top, I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and Dancing with the Stars)
Hosts and Counselors: Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, David Bishop and Ilsa Norman[2]
Season 6 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 4[edit]
June "Mama June" Shannon and Mike "Sugar Bear" Thompson (from Here Comes Honey Boo Boo)
Sarah Oliver and Jimmy "Inkman/Ink" Coney (from Bad Girls Club)
Sundy and Cedric Carter (from Basketball Wives LA)
Benzino and Althea Heart (from Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta)
Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici (from The Bachelor and Dancing with the Stars)
Hosts and Counselors: Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, David Bishop and Ilsa Norman[2]
Season 7 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 5[edit]
Tara Reid and Dean May (from Taradise and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Lisa D'Amato and Adam Friedman (from America’s Next Top Model and Celebrity Rehab)
Michelle Money and Cody Sattler (from Bachelor in Paradise)
Toya and Mickey "Memphitz" Wright (from Tiny and Toya and Toya: A Family Affair)
Brittish Williams and Lorenzo Gordon (from Basketball Wives LA)
Hosts and Counselors: Jim Carroll, Elizabeth Carroll, David Bishop and Ilsa Norman[2]
Season 8 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 6[edit]
Jade Roper and Tanner Tolbert (from Bachelor in Paradise)[13]
Keke Wyatt and Michael Jamar (from R&B Divas: Atlanta)[13]
Amber Marchese and Jim Marchese (from The Real Housewives of New Jersey)[13]
Karen Gravano and Giovan "Storm" (from Mob Wives)[13]
Margeaux, Merika Palmiste and Nikko London (from Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta)[13]
Hosts and Counselors: Dr. Ish Major and Dr. Venus "Dr. V" Nicolino[2]
Season 9 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 7[edit]
Ashley Hebert and J.P. Rosenbaum (from The Bachelorette)[14]
Amy Duggar and Dillon King (from 19 Kids and Counting)[14]
PreMadonna and Buck Thomas (from Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta)[14]
Gabrielle Victor and Victor Tarrats (from Bad Girls Club)[14]
Renee Graziano and Joey Gambino (from Mob Wives and Celebrity Big Brother UK)[14]
Hosts and Counselors: Dr. Ish Major and Dr. Venus "Dr. V" Nicolino[2][14]
Season 11 - Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 9[edit]
Kailyn Lowry and Javi Marroquin (from 16 & Pregnant and Teen Mom 2)[14]
Mehgan James and DeAndre Perry (from Bad Girls Club and Basketball Wives LA)[14]
JJ Lane and Juelia Kinney (from Bachelor in Paradise)[14]
Asifa Mirza and Bobby Panahi (from Shahs of Sunset)[14]
Amina Buddafly, Peter Gunz and Tara Wallace (from Love & Hip Hop: New York)[14]
Hosts and Counselors: Dr. Ish Major and Dr. Venus "Dr. V" Nicolino[2][14]
Season 13 — Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 11 - Lovers & Liars[edit]
Aubrey O'Day and Pauly D (from Making The Band, All About Aubrey, The Celebrity Apprentice, Jersey Shore, Famously Single and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Kim Richards and Wynn Katz (from The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills)
Desiree Hartsock and Chris Siegfried (from The Bachelorette)
Quani Robinson and Paul "Puma" Robinson (from Black Ink Crew)
Momma Dee and Ernest Bryant (from Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta)
Hosts and Counselors: Dr. Ish Major and Dr. Venus "Dr. V" Nicolino
Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Family Edition Cast[edit]
Season 10 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 8 - Family Edition[edit]
Chad "Ochocinco" and Paula Johnson (from Ochocinco: The Ultimate Catch and Dancing with the Stars)
Michael "The Situation", Marc and Frank "Maximo" Sorrentino (from Jersey Shore, The Sorrentinos, Dancing with the Stars and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Kendra and Patti Wilkinson (from The Girls Next Door, Kendra, Kendra on Top, I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and Dancing with the Stars)
Farrah, Debra and Michael Abraham (from 16 & Pregnant, Teen Mom and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Hosts and Counselors: Dr. Ish Major and Dr. Venus "Dr. V" Nicolino[2][14]
Season 12 – Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars 10 - Family Edition 2[edit]
Brandi and Guy Glanville (from The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, Celebrity Big Brother U.S. and Celebrity Big Brother UK)
Renee, Jenniffer and Lana Graziano (from Mob Wives and Celebrity Big Brother UK)[14]
Jim Jones, Chrissy Lampkin and Nancy "Mama Jones" Jones (from Love & Hip Hop: New York, Chrissy & Mr. Jones and Jim & Chrissy: Vow or Never)
Amber, Tonya Portwood, and Matt Baier (from 16 & Pregnant and Teen Mom)
Hosts and Counselors: Dr. Ish Major and Dr. Venus "Dr. V" Nicolino[2][14]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Marriage Boot Camp episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 10 May 31, 2013 (2013-05-31) July 26, 2013 (2013-07-26)
2 11 March 7, 2014 (2014-03-07) May 16, 2014 (2014-05-16)
3 8 May 30, 2014 (2014-05-30) July 25, 2014 (2014-07-25)
4 10 January 9, 2015 (2015-01-09) March 13, 2015 (2015-03-13)
5 12 May 29, 2015 (2015-05-29) August 21, 2015 (2015-08-21)
6 10 December 4, 2015 (2015-12-04) February 19, 2016 (2016-02-19)
7 10 June 3, 2016 (2016-06-03) August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)
8 10 October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07) December 16, 2016 (2016-12-16)
9 10 January 6, 2017 (2017-01-06) March 10, 2017 (2017-03-10)
10 8 April 28, 2017 (2017-04-28) June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)
11 10 October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) December 22, 2017 (2017-12-22)
12 10 March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09) May 11, 2018 (2018-05-11)
13 TBA September 7, 2018 (2018-09-07) TBA
International broadcast[edit]
Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas premiered with double episodes in Australia on 9 May 2015 on Arena.[15] and Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars began on 27 June, 2015 on the same channel.[16] In the UK, Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars premiered in May 2016 on ITVBe, while the Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas (title changed to Bridezillas: The Boot Camp) will start airing on 18 June 2016 on the same channel.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 28, 2013). "WE tv Announces Summer Schedule Including 'Bridezillas', 'Pregnant & Dating'". TV by the Numbers.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "WE tv Introduces the World Premiere of "Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas" Followed by the 10th and Final Season of WE tv's Original Hit Series "Bridezillas"". The Futon Critic. April 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 28, 2013). "WE TV Renews 'Bridezillas' & 'David Tutera', Orders 'Bridezillas' Spinoff Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kondolojy, Amanda (August 1, 2013). "'Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas' Renewed by WE tv for a Second Season". TV by the Numbers.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Celebrity Cast of Marriage Boot Camp Revealed". InTouch Weekly. Bauer Publishing. December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Make Up or Break Up: WE tv's "Marriage Boot Camp" Returns with an Explosive New Season on Friday, March 7 at 9PM ET/PT". The Futon Critic (Press release). WE tv. February 11, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Martindale, David (May 30, 2013). "Dallas-based counselors try to save out-of-control couples on 'Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas'". The Dallas Morning News.
Jump up ^ Thompson, L'Oreal (May 28, 2013). "Local couple stars on 'Marriage Boob Camp: Bridezillas'". The Baltimore Sun.
Jump up ^ Deggans, Eric (May 30, 2013). "Serial reality-TV couple back on 'Marriage Boot Camp: Bridezillas'". Tampa Bay Times.
Jump up ^ Holt, Tony (May 29, 2013). "Palm Coast couple return to 'Bridezillas'". The Daytona Beach News-Journal.
Jump up ^ "'Bachelorette' Trista Sutter on 'Marriage Boot Camp': We smell a franchise spinoff!". Zap2it. December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e http://www.wetv.com/we-tell-all/blogs/marriage-boot-camp-reality-stars-season-2-meet-the-couples
^ Jump up to: a b c d e ""Marriage Boot Camp Reality Stars" Returns and This Season Is Breaking All the Rules". The Futon Critic. July 9, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Shore]first1=Eric (December 2, 2016). "'Bad Girls Club' Alum Gabi Victor To Appear On 'Marriage Bootcamp'". Oxygen. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Purcell, Charles (30 April 2015). "NEW THIS WEEK (May 4): Fresh Off The Boat, The Jinx, The Club, Roger & Val, Mother's Day and live sport". The Green Room. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Purcell, Charles (18 June 2015). "NEW THIS WEEK (May 4): Fresh Off The Boat, The Jinx, The Club, Roger & Val, Mother's Day and live sport". The Green Room. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
External links[edit]
Official website
Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Family Edition Official website
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Gladiator (2000 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Gladiator
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ridley Scott
Produced by
Douglas Wick
David Franzoni
Branko Lustig
Screenplay by
David Franzoni
John Logan
William Nicholson
Story by
David Franzoni
Starring
Russell Crowe
Joaquin Phoenix
Connie Nielsen
Oliver Reed
Derek Jacobi
Djimon Hounsou
Richard Harris
Music by
Hans Zimmer
Lisa Gerrard
Cinematography
John Mathieson
Edited by
Pietro Scalia
Production
companies
Scott Free Productions
Red Wagon Entertainment[1]
Distributed by
DreamWorks Pictures
(United States)
Universal Pictures
(International)
Release date
May 1, 2000 (2000-05-01) (Los Angeles)
May 5, 2000 (2000-05-05) (United States)
May 11, 2000 (2000-05-11) (Singapore)
Running time
155 minutes[2]
Country
United States[3][4]
Language
English
Budget
$103 million[5]
Box office
$457.6 million[5]
Gladiator is a 2000 American epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Franzoni, John Logan, and William Nicholson. It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen, Ralf Möller, Oliver Reed (in his final role), Djimon Hounsou, Derek Jacobi, John Shrapnel, and Richard Harris. Crowe portrays Hispano-Roman general Maximus Decimus Meridius, who is betrayed when Commodus, the ambitious son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, murders his father and seizes the throne. Reduced to slavery, Maximus rises through the ranks of the gladiatorial arena to avenge the murders of his family and his emperor.
The film was released in the United States on May 5, 2000, and grossed $457 million worldwide. The film won multiple awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Crowe and three other Oscars at the 73rd Academy Awards. It has also been credited with rekindling interest in entertainment centered around ancient Greek and Roman culture, such as the TV series Rome.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Screenplay
3.2 Pre-production
3.3 Filming
3.4 Post-production
4 Historical authenticity
4.1 Development
4.2 Fictionalization
4.3 Anachronisms
5 Influences
6 Music
7 Reception
7.1 Box office
7.2 Critical response
7.3 Accolades
8 Impact
9 Home media
10 Possible sequel
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links
Plot[edit]
In AD 180, Hispano-Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius leads the Roman army to victory against the Germanic tribes near Vindobona on the Limes Germanicus. Now weary of battle, Maximus only desires to retire to his estate. But Emperor Marcus Aurelius tells him that his own son and heir, Commodus, is unfit to rule and that he will appoint Maximus as regent to help save Rome from corruption. When the Emperor reveals his plan to his son, Commodus murders him in a fit of rage.
Commodus announces he is the new Emperor, asks Maximus for his loyalty, and the general refuses. Maximus is arrested by guards and is told that he will die at dawn and meet his family in the afterlife, but he kills his captors and rides for his farm near Trujillo. He finds a field smoldering. His family has been murdered by order of Caesar. Maximus buries his wife and son; then collapses. He is found by slavers who take him to the Roman province of Zucchabar, where he is sold to a gladiator trainer named Proximo.
Maximus finds that involvement in gladiatorial practice helps him in local tournaments and make friends with two other gladiators: Juba, a Numidian who holds onto Maximus's figurines of his wife and child, and Hagen, a German. His military skills help him win matches, gain recognition from other gladiators and the crowd. Proximo reveals that his own past has shown him that a good killer is not enough; a good gladiator is one who can "win the crowd". Proximo encourages Maximus to go to Rome and fight in the Colosseum, because Commodus has organized 150 days of games. He could then use the power he commands in the arena as leverage against the Emperor.
Maximus will debut in gladiatorial combat in the Colosseum in a re-enactment as part of the Carthaginians) at the Battle of Zama, where they were massacred by the legionaries of Scipio Africanus. Maximus leads his fellow gladiators to victory. Commodus is pleased by the entertainment but surprised by the outcome and enters the Colosseum to offer his congratulations. Maximus cannot kill Commodus because his nephew accompanies him. Commodus orders the leader of the gladiators his name which leads to Maximus declaring vengeance and the Emperor is compelled by the crowd to let the gladiators live; the Praetorian Guard is held back from striking.
Maximus' next fight is a victory against a large undefeated gladiator. Despite Commodus's orders to kill the loser, Maximus spares his opponent's life. This defiance earns him the nickname "Maximus the Merciful" and more cheers of adulation. Angered at this outcome, Commodus enters the arena to taunt Maximus about his family's death. But the gladiator turns his back and walks away, another defiant act that is making him more popular than the Emperor.
Maximus discovers from Cicero, his ex-orderly, that his former legions remain loyal. Lucilla, Commodus' sister, and Gracchus, from the Senate, meet secretly with Maximus. He obtains their promise to help him escape Rome, rejoin his soldiers, topple Commodus by force, and hand power back to the Roman Senate. However, Commodus learns of the plot from Lucilla by threatening her son Lucius. The Praetorian Guard arrest Gracchus while others are sent to the gladiators' barracks. Maximus escapes after Proximo and his men (including Hagen) sacrifice themselves. But at the rendezvous point, Maximus is captured and Cicero is killed.
Commodus sustains crowd support when he challenges Maximus to a duel in the Coliseum. He stabs Maximus before the match to gain an advantage. Maximus disarms Commodus; his Praetorian Guards refuse to aid him. The emperor feigns being disarmed then produces a hidden knife. Maximus drives the blade back into Commodus's throat. Maximus's last words are to ask for political reforms, for his gladiator allies to be freed, and for Senator Gracchus to be reinstated. He succumbs to his wound. The dead Commodus is left abandoned on the dirt floor of the arena. Maximus's friends and allies solemnly carry him as a "soldier of Rome". The crowd stands in respect of him as he carried out to be given an honorable funeral.
Later, a now-free Juba revisits the Colosseum at night. He buries the figurines of Maximus' wife and son at the spot where he died. He says he is now going back to his own family and promises to see Maximus again, "but not yet".
Cast[edit]
Russell Crowe as Maximus Decimus Meridius: a Hispano-Roman legatus forced into becoming a slave who seeks revenge against Commodus. He has earned the favor of Marcus Aurelius, and the love and admiration of Lucilla prior to the events of the film. His home is near Trujillo in today's Province of Cáceres, Spain. After the murder of his family he vows vengeance. Maximus is a fictional character partly inspired by Marcus Nonius Macrinus, Narcissus, Cincinnatus, and Maximus of Hispania. Mel Gibson was first offered the role,[6] but declined as he felt he was too old to play the character. Antonio Banderas and Hugh Jackman were also considered.[7]
Joaquin Phoenix as Commodus: The amoral, power-hungry, twisted son of Marcus Aurelius, he murders his father when he learns that Maximus will hold the emperor's powers in trust until a new republic can be formed.
Connie Nielsen as Lucilla: Maximus's former lover and the older child of Marcus Aurelius. Lucilla has been recently widowed. She resists her brother's incestuous advances for she hates him, while also having to be careful to protect her son, Lucius, from her brother's corruption and wrath.
Oliver Reed as Antonius Proximo: An old, gruff gladiator trainer who buys Maximus in North Africa. A former gladiator himself, he was freed by Marcus Aurelius, and gives Maximus his own armor and eventually a chance at freedom, and becomes somewhat of a mentor to Maximus. This was Reed's final film appearance, before he died during the filming. In the original film script, Proximo was supposed to live.
Derek Jacobi as Senator Gracchus: A member of the Roman Senate who opposes Commodus's rule and an ally of Lucilla and Maximus.
Djimon Hounsou as Juba: A Numidian tribesman who was taken from his home and family by slave traders. He becomes Maximus's closest ally and friend, and inspires Maximus to bring down Commodus for the greater good before he joins his family in the afterlife.
Richard Harris as Marcus Aurelius: The old and wise emperor of Rome who appoints Maximus, whom he loves as a son, to be his successor, with the ultimate aim of returning Rome to a republican form of government. He is murdered by his son Commodus before his wish can be fulfilled.
David Schofield as Senator Falco: A Patrician, a senator opposed to Gracchus. He helps Commodus to consolidate his power.
John Shrapnel as Senator Gaius: Another Roman senator allied with Gracchus, Lucilla, and Maximus against Commodus.
Tomas Arana as General Quintus: another Roman legatus, who served under and was a friend to Maximus. Made commander of the Praetorian Guard by Commodus, after betraying Maximus. In the extended version, Quintus sees the mad side of the Emperor when he is forced to execute two innocent men. Quintus later redeems himself by refusing to allow Commodus a second sword during the latter's duel with Maximus, and promises to honor Maximus's last wishes.
Ralf Möller as Hagen: A Germanic warrior and Proximo's chief gladiator who later befriends Maximus and Juba during their battles in Rome.
Spencer Treat Clark as Lucius Verus: The young son of Lucilla. He is named after his father Lucius Verus. He is also the grandson of Marcus Aurelius.
David Hemmings as Cassius: the master of ceremonies for the gladiatorial games in the Colosseum.
Tommy Flanagan as Cicero: Maximus's loyal servant who provides liaison between the enslaved Maximus, his former legion based at Ostia, and Lucilla. He is used as bait for the escaping Maximus and eventually killed by the Praetorian Guard.
Sven-Ole Thorsen as Tigris of Gaul: An undefeated champion gladiator who is called out of retirement by Commodus to kill Maximus but is defeated by Maximus. Commodus then ordered Maximus to kill Tigris, but Maximus spared him.
Omid Djalili as a slave trader.
Giannina Facio as Maximus's wife.
Giorgio Cantarini as Maximus's son, who is the same age as Lucilla's son Lucius.
Production[edit]
Screenplay[edit]
Gladiator was based on an original pitch by David Franzoni, who wrote the first draft.[8] Franzoni was given a three-picture deal with DreamWorks as writer and co-producer on the strength of his previous work, Steven Spielberg's Amistad, which helped establish the reputation of DreamWorks. Not a classical scholar, Franzoni was inspired by Daniel P. Mannix's 1958 novel Those About to Die, and he chose to base his story on Commodus after reading the Augustan History. In Franzoni's first draft, dated April 4, 1998, he named his protagonist Narcissus, a wrestler who, according to the ancient sources Herodian and Cassius Dio, strangled Emperor Commodus to death.[9]
Pollice Verso (Thumbs Down) by Jean-Léon Gérôme, the 19th-century painting that inspired Ridley Scott to tackle the project
Ridley Scott was approached by producers Walter F. Parkes and Douglas Wick. They showed him a copy of Jean-Léon Gérôme's 1872 painting entitled Pollice Verso (Thumbs Down).[10] Scott was enticed by filming the world of Ancient Rome. However, Scott felt Franzoni's dialogue was too "on the nose" (lacking subtlety) and hired John Logan to rewrite the script to his liking. Logan rewrote much of the first act and made the decision to kill off Maximus's family to increase the character's motivation.[11]
Russell Crowe describes being eager for the role as pitched by Walter F. Parkes, in his interview for Inside the Actors Studio: "They said, 'It's a 100-million-dollar film. You're being directed by Ridley Scott. You play a Roman General.' I've always been a big fan of Ridley's."[12]
With two weeks to go before filming, the actors complained of problems with the script. William Nicholson was brought to Shepperton Studios to make Maximus a more sensitive character. Nicholson reworked Maximus' friendship with Juba and developed the afterlife thread in the film, saying "he did not want to see a film about a man who wanted to kill somebody."[11]
The screenplay faced many rewrites and revisions. Crowe allegedly questioned every aspect of the evolving script and strode off the set when he did not get answers. According to a DreamWorks executive, "(Russell Crowe) tried to rewrite the entire script on the spot. You know the big line in the trailer, 'In this life or the next, I will have my vengeance'? At first he absolutely refused to say it."[13]
Russell Crowe described the script situation: "I read the script and it was substantially underdone. Even the character didn't exist on the pages. And that set about a long process, that's probably the first time that I've been in a situation where the script wasn't a complete done deal. We actually started shooting with about 32 pages and went through them in the first couple of weeks."[12]
Of the writing and filming process, Crowe added, "Possibly, a lot of the stuff that I have to deal with now in terms of my quote unquote volatility has to do with that experience. Here was a situation where we got to Morocco with a crew of 200 and a cast of a 100 or whatever, and I didn't have anything to learn. I actually didn't know what the scenes were gonna be. We had, I think, one American writer working on it, one English writer working on it, and of course a group of producers who were also adding their ideas, and then Ridley himself; and then, on the occasion where Ridley would say, 'Look, this is the structure for it – what are you gonna say in that?' So then I'd be doing my own stuff, as well. And this is how things like, 'Strength and honor,' came up. This is how things like, 'At my signal, unleash hell,' came up. The name Maximus Decimus Meridius, it just flowed well."[12]
Maximus' habit of rubbing soil before each fight references the attachment and affection to his former life as a farmer.[14] In a conversation with Marcus Aurelius Maximus says the fecund soil of his farm is "black like my wife's hair".[14] Crowe wrote the speech himself, drawing on his feelings of homesickness for his own ranch.[14]
Pre-production[edit]
In preparation for filming, Scott spent several months developing storyboards to develop the framework of the plot.[15] Over six weeks, production members scouted various locations within the extent of the Roman Empire before its collapse, including Italy, France, North Africa, and England.[16] All of the film's props, sets, and costumes were manufactured by crew members due to high costs and unavailability of the items.[17] One hundred suits of steel armour and 550 suits in polyurethane were made by Rod Vass and his company Armordillo. The unique sprayed-polyurethane system was developed by Armordillo and pioneered for this production. Over a three-month period, 27,500 component pieces of armor were made.[18]
Filming[edit]
The film was shot in three main locations between January and May 1999. The opening battle scenes in the forests of Germania were shot in three weeks in the Bourne Woods, near Farnham, Surrey, in England.[19] When Scott learned that the Forestry Commission planned to remove a section of the forest, he persuaded them to allow the battle scene to be shot there and burn it down.[20] Scott and cinematographer John Mathieson used multiple cameras filming at various frame rates and a 45-degree shutter, creating stop motion effects in the action sequences, similar to techniques used for the battle sequences of Saving Private Ryan (1998).[21] Subsequently, the scenes of slavery, desert travel, and gladiatorial training school were shot in Ouarzazate, Morocco, just south of the Atlas Mountains over a further three weeks.[22] To construct the arena where Maximus has his first fights, the crew used basic materials and local building techniques to manufacture the 30,000-seat mud brick arena.[23] Finally, the scenes of Ancient Rome were shot over a period of nineteen weeks in Fort Ricasoli, Malta.[24][25]
In Malta, a replica of about one-third of Rome's Colosseum was built, to a height of 52 feet (15.8 meters), mostly from plaster and plywood (the other two-thirds and remaining height were added digitally).[26] The replica took several months to build and cost an estimated $1 million.[27] The reverse side of the complex supplied a rich assortment of Ancient Roman street furniture, colonnades, gates, statuary, and marketplaces for other filming requirements. The complex was serviced by tented "costume villages" that had changing rooms, storage, armorers, and other facilities.[24] The rest of the Colosseum was created in computer-generated imagery using set-design blueprints and textures referenced from live action, and rendered in three layers to provide lighting flexibility for compositing in Flame and Inferno software.[28]
Post-production[edit]
Several scenes included extensive use of computer-generated imagery shots for views of Rome.
British post-production company The Mill was responsible for much of the computer-generated imagery effects that were added after filming. The company was responsible for such tricks as compositing real tigers filmed on bluescreen into the fight sequences, and adding smoke trails and extending the flight paths of the opening scene's salvo of flaming arrows to get around regulations on how far they could be shot during filming. They also used 2,000 live actors to create a computer-generated crowd of 35,000 virtual actors that had to look believable and react to fight scenes.[29] The Mill accomplished this by shooting live actors at different angles giving various performances, and then mapping them onto cards, with motion-capture tools used to track their movements for three-dimensional compositing.[28] The Mill created over 90 visual effects shots, comprising approximately nine minutes of the film's running time.[30]
An unexpected post-production job was caused by the death of Oliver Reed of a heart attack during the filming in Malta, before all his scenes had been shot. The Mill created a digital body double for the remaining scenes involving his character Proximo[28] by photographing a live action body-double in the shadows and by mapping a three-dimensional computer-generated imagery mask of Reed's face to the remaining scenes during production at an estimated cost of $3.2 million for two minutes of additional footage.[31][32] Visual effects supervisor John Nelson reflected on the decision to include the additional footage: "What we did was small compared to our other tasks on the film. What Oliver did was much greater. He gave an inspiring, moving performance. All we did was help him finish it."[31] The film is dedicated to Reed's memory.[33]
Historical authenticity[edit]
The Numidian king Juba. The Numidians were most likely of Berber origin, instead of sub-Saharan origin.
Development[edit]
The film is loosely based on real events that occurred within the Roman Empire in the latter half of the 2nd century AD. As Ridley Scott wanted to portray Roman culture more accurately than in any previous film, he hired several historians as advisors. Nevertheless, some deviations from historical fact were made to increase interest, maintain narrative continuity, and for practical or safety reasons. Scott also stated that due to the influence of previous films affecting the public perception of what ancient Rome was like, some historical facts were "too unbelievable" to include. For instance in an early version of the script, gladiators would have been carrying out product endorsements in the arena; while this would have been historically accurate, it was not filmed for fear that audiences would think it anachronistic.[34]
At least one historical advisor resigned due to these changes. Another asked not to be mentioned in the credits (though it was stated in the director's commentary that he constantly asked, "where is the proof that certain things were exactly like they say?"). Historian Allen Ward of the University of Connecticut believed that historical accuracy would not have made Gladiator less interesting or exciting because "creative artists need to be granted some poetic license, but that should not be a permit for the wholesale disregard of facts in historical fiction".[35][36]
Fictionalization[edit]
Marcus Aurelius died at Vindobona (a Roman camp on the site of modern-day Vienna in Austria) in 180 AD; he was not murdered by his son Commodus following the final battle of the Marcomannic Wars. In reality Marcus Aurelius shared the rule of the Empire with Commodus for three years before his own death. Commodus then ruled alone from that point onward.
The character of Maximus is fictional, although in some respects he resembles the historical figures Narcissus (Commodus's real-life murderer and the character's name in the first draft of the screenplay),[37] Spartacus (who led a significant slave revolt in 73-71 BC), Cincinnatus (519-430 BC) (a farmer who became dictator, saved Rome from invasion, then resigned his six-month appointment after 15 days),[38][39] and Marcus Nonius Macrinus (a trusted general, Consul in 154 AD, and friend of Marcus Aurelius).[40][41][42] Although Commodus engaged in show combat in the Colosseum, he was not killed in the arena; he was strangled in his bath by the wrestler Narcissus. Commodus reigned for over twelve years, unlike the shorter period portrayed in the film.[43][44]
The character of Maximus had a similar career (and personality traits as documented by Herodian) to Claudius Pompeianus (a Syrian) who married Marcus Aurelius' daughter Lucilla following the death of Lucius Verus. It is believed Aurelius may have wanted Pompeianus to succeed him as Caesar in preference to Commodus but was turned down. Pompeianus had no part in any of the many plots against Commodus. He was not depicted in the film.[35]
In the film the character Antonius Proximo claims "the wise" Marcus Aurelius banned gladiatorial games in Rome forcing him to move to Mauretania. The real Aurelius did ban the games, but only in Antioch as punishment for the city's support of the usurper Avidius Cassius. No games were ever banned in Rome. However, when the Emperor started conscripting gladiators into the legions, the resulting shortage in fighters allowed lanistae such as Proximo to make "windfall" profits through increased charges for their services.[45]
In real life, the death of Commodus did not result in a peace for Rome, nor a return to the Roman Republic. Rather, it ushered in a chaotic and bloody power struggle that culminated in the Year of the Five Emperors of AD 193. According to Herodian, the people of Rome were overjoyed at the news of Commodus dying, although they feared that the praetorians would not accept the new emperor Pertinax.[46]
Anachronisms[edit]
Costumes within the film are almost never completely historically correct. Some of the soldiers wear fantasy helmets. The bands wrapped around their lower arms were rarely ever worn. Their appearance is the product of historical movies always depicting peoples of antiquity wearing such bands. Although the film is set within the 2nd century AD, the Imperial Gallic armor and the helmets worn by the legionaries are from AD 75, a century earlier. This was superseded by new designs in AD 100. Likewise the legions' standard bearers (Aquilifer), centurions, mounted forces, and auxiliaries would have worn scale armour, lorica squamata.[47][48] The Germanic tribes are dressed in clothes from the Stone Age period.[49]
The Roman cavalry are shown attacking using stirrups. This is anachronistic in that the horse-mounted forces of the Roman army used a two-horned saddle. Stirrups were only employed for safety reasons because of the additional training and skill required to ride with a Roman saddle.[45][50] Catapults and ballistae would not have been used in a forest. They were reserved primarily for sieges and were rarely used in open battles.[45]
The Praetorian Guards seen in the film are all wearing black uniforms. No historical evidence supports that. On campaign they usually wore standard legionary equipment albeit with some unique decorative elements.[51]
In the bird's eye view of Rome when the city is introduced for the first time there are several buildings that did not exist at the time of Gladiator. For example, the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine is quite prominent; however, it was not completed until AD 312.
Influences[edit]
The film's plot was influenced by two 1960s Hollywood films of the sword-and-sandal genre, The Fall of the Roman Empire and Spartacus,[52] and shares several plot points with The Fall of the Roman Empire, which tells the story of Livius, who, like Maximus in Gladiator, is Marcus Aurelius's intended successor. Livius is in love with Lucilla and seeks to marry her while Maximus, who is happily married, was formerly in love with her. Both films portray the death of Marcus Aurelius as an assassination. In Fall of the Roman Empire a group of conspirators independent of Commodus, hoping to profit from Commodus's accession, arrange for Marcus Aurelius to be poisoned; in Gladiator Commodus himself murders his father by smothering him. In the course of Fall of the Roman Empire Commodus unsuccessfully seeks to win Livius over to his vision of empire in contrast to that of his father, but continues to employ him notwithstanding; in Gladiator, when Commodus fails to secure Maximus's allegiance, he executes Maximus's wife and son and tries unsuccessfully to execute him. Livius in Fall of the Roman Empire and Maximus in Gladiator kill Commodus in single combat, Livius to save Lucilla and Maximus to avenge the murder of his wife and son, and both do it for the greater good of Rome.
Scott cited Spartacus and Ben-Hur as influences on the film: "These movies were part of my cinema-going youth. But at the dawn of the new millennium, I thought this might be the ideal time to revisit what may have been the most important period of the last two thousand years – if not all recorded history – the apex and beginning of the decline of the greatest military and political power the world has ever known."[53]
Spartacus provides the film's gladiatorial motif, as well as the character of Senator Gracchus, a fictitious senator (bearing the name of a pair of revolutionary Tribunes from the 2nd century BC) who in both films is an elder statesman of ancient Rome attempting to preserve the ancient rights of the Roman Senate in the face of an ambitious autocrat –Marcus Licinius Crassus in Spartacus and Commodus in Gladiator. Both actors who played Gracchus (in Spartacus and Gladiator), played Claudius in previous films – Charles Laughton of Spartacus played Claudius in the unfinished 1937 film I, Claudius and Sir Derek Jacobi of Gladiator, played Claudius in the 1976 BBC adaptation. Both films also share a specific set piece, wherein a gladiator (Maximus here, Woody Strode's Draba in Spartacus) throws his weapon into a spectator box at the end of a match, as well as at least one line of dialogue: "Rome is the mob", said here by Gracchus and by Julius Caesar (John Gavin) in Spartacus.
The film's depiction of Commodus's entry into Rome borrows imagery from Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will (1935), although Scott has pointed out that the iconography of Nazi rallies was itself inspired by the Roman Empire. Gladiator reflects back on the film by duplicating similar events that occurred in Adolf Hitler's procession. The Nazi film opens with an aerial view of Hitler arriving in a plane, while Scott shows an aerial view of Rome, quickly followed by a shot of the large crowd of people watching Commodus pass them in a procession with his chariot.[54] The first thing to appear in Triumph of the Will is a Nazi eagle, which is alluded to when a statue of an eagle sits atop one of the arches (and then is shortly followed by several more decorative eagles throughout the rest of the scene) leading up to the procession of Commodus. At one point in the Nazi film, a little girl gives flowers to Hitler, while Commodus is met by several girls who all give him bundles of flowers.[55]
Music[edit]
Main article: Gladiator (soundtrack)
Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard – "Now We Are Free"
listen to a clip from the score of Gladiator.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The Oscar-nominated score was composed by Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard, and conducted by Gavin Greenaway. Zimmer was originally planning to use Israeli vocalist Ofra Haza for the score, after his work with her in The Prince of Egypt. However, Haza died in late February 2000, before she was able to record, and so Gerrard was chosen instead. Lisa Gerrard's vocals are similar to her own work on The Insider score.[56] The music for many of the battle scenes has been noted as similar to Gustav Holst's "Mars: The Bringer of War", and in June 2006, the Holst Foundation sued Hans Zimmer for allegedly copying the late Holst's work.[57][58] Another close musical resemblance occurs in the scene of Commodus's triumphal entry into Rome, accompanied by music clearly evocative of two sections – the Prelude to Das Rheingold and Siegfried's Funeral March from Götterdämmerung – from Richard Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung. On February 27, 2001, nearly a year after the first soundtrack's release, Decca produced Gladiator: More Music From the Motion Picture. Then, on September 5, 2005, Decca produced Gladiator: Special Anniversary Edition, a two-CD pack containing both the above-mentioned releases. Some of the music from the film was featured in the NFL playoffs in January 2003 before commercial breaks and before and after half-time.[59] In 2003, Luciano Pavarotti released a recording of himself singing a song from the film and said he regretted turning down an offer to perform on the soundtrack.[60]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Gladiator grossed $187.7 million in the United States and Canada and $269.9 million in other territories for a total of $457.6 million, against a production budget of $103 million.[61]
In North America, the film earned $34.8 million in its opening weekend at 2,938 theaters, topping the box office.[62] It remained number one in its second weekend grossing $24.6 million, and dropped to third place in its third weekend with $19.7 million behind newcomers Mission: Impossible 2 and Shanghai Noon.[63][64]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 76% based on 186 reviews; the average rating is 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ridley Scott and an excellent cast successfully convey the intensity of Roman gladitorial combat as well as the political intrigue brewing beneath." [65] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 67 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[66] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[67]
The Battle of Germania was cited by CNN as one of their "favorite on-screen battle scenes",[68] while Entertainment Weekly named Maximus as their sixth favorite action hero, because of "Crowe's steely, soulful performance",[69] and named it as their third favorite revenge film.[70] In December 2000, Gladiator was named the best film of the year by viewers of Film 2000, taking 40% of the votes.[71] In 2002, a Channel 4 (UK TV) poll named it as the sixth greatest film of all time.[72] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Are you not entertained?".[73]
It was not without its deriders. Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and criticized the look of the film as "muddy, fuzzy, and indistinct." He also derided the writing, saying it "employs depression as a substitute for personality, and believes that if characters are bitter and morose enough, we won't notice how dull they are."[74] Camille Paglia called the film "boring, badly shot and suffused with sentimental p.c. rubbish."[75]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Gladiator
Gladiator was nominated in 36 individual ceremonies, including the 73rd Academy Awards, the BAFTA Awards, and the Golden Globe Awards. Of 119 award nominations, the film won 48 prizes.[76]
The film won five Academy Awards and was nominated for an additional seven, including Best Original Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor for Joaquin Phoenix and Best Director for Ridley Scott. It was the first movie to win Best Picture without winning either a directing or screenwriting award since All the King's Men at the 22nd Academy Awards in 1950. In 2003, Chicago became another Best Picture winner which didn't win an Academy Award in either of these two major categories. Due to Academy rules, only Hans Zimmer was officially nominated for Best Music, Original Score, and not to Lisa Gerrard at the time.[77] However, the pair did win the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score as co-composers.
73rd Academy Awards[78]
Best Picture (Douglas Wick, David Franzoni and Branko Lustig)
Best Actor in a Leading Role (Russell Crowe)
Best Visual Effects
Best Costume Design
Best Sound Mixing (Bob Beemer, Scott Millan and Ken Weston)
BAFTA Awards
Best Cinematography
Best Editing
Best Film
Best Production Design
58th Golden Globe Awards
Best Motion Picture – Drama
Best Original Score – Motion Picture
American Film Institute Lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
General Maximus Decimus Meridius – #50 Hero[79]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"Father to a murdered son. Husband to a murdered wife. And I will have my vengeance, in this life or the next." – Nominated[80]
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[81]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[82]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[83]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Epic Film[84]
Impact[edit]
The film's mainstream success is responsible for an increased interest in Roman and classical history in the United States. According to The New York Times, this has been dubbed the "Gladiator Effect".
It's called the 'Gladiator' effect by writers and publishers. The snob in us likes to believe that it is always books that spin off movies. Yet in this case, it's the movies – most recently Gladiator two years ago – that have created the interest in the ancients. And not for more Roman screen colossals, but for writing that is serious or fun or both."[85]
The Cicero biography Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome's Greatest Politician and Gregory Hays's translation of Marcus Aurelius's Meditations received large spikes in sales after the release of the film.[85] The film also began a revival of the historical epic genre with films such as Troy, The Alamo, King Arthur, Alexander, 300, Kingdom of Heaven and Robin Hood (the last two were also directed by Scott).[86] The character of Maximus was placed 12th in the Total Film list of 50 best movie heroes and villains[87] and 35th in the Empire's 100 Greatest Movie Characters.[88] Maximus is also featured on 55c "Australian Legends" postage stamp series.[89] Russell Crowe attended a ceremony to mark the creation of the stamps.[89]
Home media[edit]
The film was first released on DVD on November 21, 2000, and has since been released in several different extended and special edition versions. Special features for the Blu-ray Disc and DVDs include deleted scenes, trailers, documentaries, commentaries, storyboards, image galleries, Easter eggs, and cast auditions. The film was released on Blu-ray in September 2009, in a 2-disc edition containing both the theatrical and extended cuts of the film, as part of Paramount's "Sapphire Series" (Paramount bought the DreamWorks library in 2006).[90] Initial reviews of the Blu-ray Disc release criticized poor image quality, leading many to call for it to be remastered, as Sony did with The Fifth Element in 2007.[91] A remastered version was later released in 2010.
The DVD editions that have been released since the original two-disc version, include a film only single-disc edition as well as a three-disc "extended edition" DVD which was released in August 2005. The extended edition DVD features approximately fifteen minutes of additional scenes, most of which appear in the previous release as deleted scenes. The original cut, which Scott still calls his director's cut, is also select-able via seamless branching (which is not included on the UK edition). The DVD is also notable for having a new commentary track featuring director Scott and star Crowe. The film is on the first disc, the second one has a three-hour documentary into the making of the film by DVD producer Charles de Lauzirika, and the third disc contains supplements. Discs one and two of the three-disc extended edition were also repackaged and sold as a two-disc "special edition" in the EU in 2005.
Possible sequel[edit]
In June 2001, Douglas Wick said a Gladiator prequel was in development.[92] The following year, Wick, Walter Parkes, David Franzoni, and John Logan switched direction to a sequel set fifteen years later;[93] the Praetorian Guards rule Rome and an older Lucius is trying to learn who his real father was. However, Russell Crowe was interested in resurrecting Maximus, and further researched Roman beliefs about the afterlife to accomplish this.[94] Ridley Scott expressed interest, although he admitted the project would have to be retitled as it had little to do with gladiators.[95] An easter egg contained on disc 2 of the extended edition / special edition DVD releases includes a discussion of possible scenarios for a follow-up. This includes a suggestion by Walter F. Parkes that, in order to enable Russell Crowe to return to play Maximus, who dies at the end of the original movie, a sequel could involve a "multi-generational drama about Maximus and the Aureleans and this chapter of Rome", similar in concept to The Godfather Part II.
In 2006, Scott stated he and Crowe approached Nick Cave to rewrite the film, but their ideas conflicted with DreamWorks's idea of a spin-off involving Lucius, whom Scott revealed would turn out to be Maximus's son with Lucilla. Scott noted that a tale of corruption in Rome was too complex, whereas Gladiator worked due to its simple drive.[96] In 2009, details of Cave's ultimately-rejected script surfaced on the internet: the script having Maximus being reincarnated by the Roman gods and returned to Rome to defend Christians against persecution; then transported to other important periods in history, including World War II, the Vietnam War, and finally being a general in the modern-day Pentagon. This script for a sequel, however, was rejected as being too far-fetched, and not in keeping with the spirit and theme of the original film.[97][98]
In March 2017, Scott again stated that he has an idea of how a sequel could be done, and that he is currently trying to convince Russell Crowe to reprise his role as Maximus.[99]
See also[edit]
Film portal
List of films set in ancient Rome
List of historical period drama films
List of films featuring slavery
Russell Crowe filmography
Roman Empire: Reign of Blood
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Further reading[edit]
Franzoni, David (1998-04-04). Gladiator: First Draft Revised. Archived from the original on 2008-03-16.
Franzoni, David; Logan, John (1998-10-22). Gladiator: Second Draft Revised. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12.
Landau, Diana; Parkes, Walter; Logan, John; Scott, Ridley (2000). Gladiator: The Making of the Ridley Scott Epic. Newmarket Press. ISBN 1-55704-428-7.
Reynolds, Mike (July 2000), "Ridley Scott: From Blade Runner to Blade Stunner", DGA Monthly Magazine, Directors Guild of America, ISSN 1083-5253
Schwartz, Richard (2001). The Films of Ridley Scott. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96976-2
Stephens, William (2001), no issn, "The Rebirth of Stoicism?", Creighton Magazine, archived from the original on 2009-12-31, retrieved 2010-01-04
Stephens, William (2012). "Appendix: Marcus, Maximus, and Stoicism in Gladiator (2000)", in Marcus Aurelius: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0810-4
Ward, Allen (2001), "The Movie 'Gladiator' in Historical Perspective", Classics Technology Center, AbleMedia, retrieved 2007-01-26
Winkler, Martin (2004). Gladiator Film and History. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-1042-2
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gladiator (2000 film)
Gladiator at the American Film Institute Catalog
Gladiator on IMDb
Gladiator at AllMovie
Gladiator at Box Office Mojo
Gladiator at Metacritic
Gladiator at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
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Films directed by Ridley Scott
Feature films
The Duellists (1977)
Alien (1979)
Blade Runner (1982)
Legend (1985)
Someone to Watch Over Me (1987)
Black Rain (1989)
Thelma & Louise (1991)
1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992)
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Gladiator (2000)
Hannibal (2001)
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Body of Lies (2008)
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The Martian (2015)
Alien: Covenant (2017)
All the Money in the World (2017)
Other work
Boy and Bicycle (1965; short film)
1984 (1984; advertisement)
Unrealized projects
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Works by John Logan
Films
Tornado! (1996)
Bats (1999)
RKO 281 (1999)
Any Given Sunday (1999)
Gladiator (2000)
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Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (2003)
The Last Samurai (2003)
The Aviator (2004)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
Rango (2011)
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Alien: Covenant (2017)
Television series
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Empire Award for Best Film
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The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2004)
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Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
A Place in the Sun (1951)
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On the Waterfront (1954)
East of Eden (1955)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
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Spartacus (1960)
The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
The Cardinal (1963)
Becket (1964)
Doctor Zhivago (1965)
A Man for All Seasons (1966)
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
The Lion in Winter (1968)
Anne of the Thousand Days (1969)
Love Story (1970)
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The Godfather (1972)
The Exorcist (1973)
Chinatown (1974)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
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Midnight Express (1978)
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On Golden Pond (1981)
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Amadeus (1984)
Out of Africa (1985)
Platoon (1986)
The Last Emperor (1987)
Rain Man (1988)
Born on the Fourth of July (1989)
Dances with Wolves (1990)
Bugsy (1991)
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Sense and Sensibility (1995)
The English Patient (1996)
Titanic (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
American Beauty (1999)
Gladiator (2000)
A Beautiful Mind (2001)
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The Aviator (2004)
Brokeback Mountain (2005)
Babel (2006)
Atonement (2007)
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MTV Movie Award for Movie of the Year
Best Movie
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1992)
A Few Good Men (1993)
Menace II Society (1994)
Pulp Fiction (1995)
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The Matrix (2000)
Gladiator (2001)
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2002)
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2003)
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Wedding Crashers (2006)
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Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016)
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Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture
Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
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The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
The Crying Game (1992)
Schindler's List (1993)
Forrest Gump (1994)
Apollo 13 (1995)
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 179163775
LCCN: no2001011573
GND: 4639068-6
SUDOC: 159064201
BNF: cb166279029 (data)
BNE: XX4655676
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gladiator_(2000_film)&oldid=801602583"
Categories:
2000 films
English-language films
2000s adventure films
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Gladiator (2000 film)
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