text:
The Long Run (song)
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"The Long Run"
Single by Eagles
from the album The Long Run
B-side
"The Disco Strangler"
Released
November 27, 1979
Format
7" vinyl
Genre
Rock
Length
3:42
Label
Asylum
Songwriter(s)
Don Henley, Glenn Frey
Producer(s)
Bill Szymczyk
Eagles singles chronology
"Heartache Tonight"
(1979) "The Long Run"
(1979) "I Can't Tell You Why"
(1980)
"Heartache Tonight"
(1979) "The Long Run"
(1979) "I Can't Tell You Why"
(1980)
"The Long Run" is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded by the Eagles. The sound of the song is viewed as a tribute to the Stax / Memphis rhythm and blues sound.[1] It was the title track of their album The Long Run and was released as a single in November 1979. It reached No. 8 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in early 1980.[2] It was the second of three singles released from The Long Run album, preceded by "Heartache Tonight," which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1979, and followed by "I Can't Tell You Why," which also reached No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100, in the spring of 1980.[2]
The song was featured on the TV show WKRP in Cincinnati on the episode "The Doctor's Daughter". Specifically, Dr. Johnny Fever decides to air the recording and his programming director Andy Travis is hysterical with delight that his popular DJ is playing a hit record for once.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Personnel
3 Chart performance
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Cover versions
5 References
Composition[edit]
According to Don Henley, "The Long Run" was written in part as a response to press articles that said the Eagles were "passé" as disco was then dominant and punk emerging, inspiring lines such as "Who is gonna make it/ We'll find out in the long run". He also said that irony was part of the inspiration, as the song is about longevity and posterity while the group "was breaking apart, imploding under the pressure of trying to deliver a worthy follow-up to Hotel California".[3]
In his book The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made, music critic Dave Marsh called the song a complete ripoff of the 1972 R&B record "Tryin' to Live My Life Without You".[4]
Personnel[edit]
Don Henley: lead vocals, drums
Glenn Frey: rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Joe Walsh: slide guitar, backing vocals
Don Felder: slide guitar, Hammond organ, backing vocals
Timothy B. Schmit: bass guitar, backing vocals
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1979-80)
Peak
position
Canadian RPM Top Singles[5] 9
Canadian RPM Adult Oriented Playlist[6] 9
New Zealand Singles Chart[7] 30
UK Singles Chart[8] 66
US Billboard Hot 100[2] 8
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[9] 34
US Cash Box Top 100[10] 10
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Rank
Canada RPM Top Singles[11] 62
US Billboard Hot 100[12] 81
US Cash Box [13] 72
Cover versions[edit]
American band Reel Big Fish recorded their own rendition of the song for their 2009 album Fame, Fortune and Fornication.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ruhlmann, William. "The Long Run > Review". Allmusic. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Long Run > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Browne, David (June 10, 2016). "Eagles' Complete Discography: Don Henley Looks Back". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Dave Marsh. The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made. Books.google.com. p. 332. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "RPM Volume 32 No. 19, February 02 1980". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ "RPM Volume 32 No. 19, February 02 1980". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Eagles - The Long Run". Charts.org.nz. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 175. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 77.
Jump up ^ [http://tropicalglen.com/Archives/80s_files/19800202.html Cash Box Top 100 Singles, February 2, 1980]
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles (1980)". RPM (magazine). Retrieved 2017-07-21.
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 27, 1980
[hide]
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Randy Meisner
Don Felder
Joe Walsh
Timothy B. Schmit
Studio albums
Eagles
Desperado
On the Border
One of These Nights
Hotel California
The Long Run
Long Road Out of Eden
Live albums
Eagles Live
Hell Freezes Over
Farewell 1 Tour-Live from Melbourne
Compilation albums
Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)
Eagles Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
The Very Best of the Eagles
Selected Works: 1972–1999
The Very Best Of
Eagles
Singles
"Take It Easy"
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"Tequila Sunrise"
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"One of These Nights"
"Lyin' Eyes"
"Take It to the Limit"
"New Kid in Town"
"Hotel California"
"Life in the Fast Lane"
"Please Come Home for Christmas"
"Heartache Tonight"
"The Long Run"
"I Can't Tell You Why"
"Seven Bridges Road"
"Get Over It"
"Love Will Keep Us Alive"
"Hole in the World"
"How Long"
"Busy Being Fabulous"
Other songs
"Desperado"
"Ol' '55"
"The Last Resort"
"In the City"
Tours
Long Road Out of Eden Tour
History of the Eagles Tour
Related
Discography
Poco
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Flying Burrito Brothers
Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
History of the Eagles
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Land of the Lost (1974 TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Land of the Lost
Genre
Children's television series
Adventure
Drama
Science Fiction
Created by
Sid & Marty Krofft, Allan Foshko and David Gerrold (uncredited)
Starring
Spencer Milligan (Seasons 1 and 2)
Wesley Eure
Kathy Coleman
Phillip Paley
Ron Harper (Season 3)
Theme music composer
Linda Laurie
Composer(s)
Jimmie Haskell
Country of origin
United States
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
43 (list of episodes)
Production
Running time
est. 27 min. per episode
Production company(s)
Sid & Marty Krofft Television Productions
Distributor
CBS Television Distribution
Release
Original network
NBC
Original release
September 7, 1974 (1974-09-07) – December 4, 1976 (1976-12-04)
Land of the Lost (1974–1976) is a children's adventure television series created (though uncredited) by David Gerrold and produced by Sid and Marty Krofft, who co-developed the series with Allan Foshko. During its original run, it was broadcast on the NBC television network.[1] It later aired in daily syndication in the early 1980s as part of the "Krofft Superstars" package. In 1985, it returned to late Saturday mornings on CBS as a replacement for the canceled Pryor's Place - also a Krofft production. It was later shown in reruns on the Sci Fi Channel in the 1990s. Reruns of this series were aired on Saturday mornings on Me-TV and are streamed online at any time on their website. It has since become a cult classic and is now available on DVD.[2][3][4] Krofft Productions remade the series in 1991, also titled Land of the Lost, and a big budget film adaptation was released in 2009.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Plot and format
2 Production
3 Cast
3.1 Main
3.2 Recurring
4 DVD releases
5 Remakes
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Overview[edit]
Land of the Lost details the adventures of the Marshall family (father Rick, and his children Will and Holly) who are trapped in an alternate universe inhabited by dinosaurs, a primate-type people called Pakuni, and aggressive humanoid/lizard creatures called Sleestak. The episode storylines focus on the family's efforts to survive and find a way back to their own world, but the exploration of the exotic inhabitants of the Land of the Lost is also an ongoing part of the story.[4]
An article on renewed studio interest in feature film versions of Land of the Lost and H.R. Pufnstuf commented that "decision-makers in Hollywood, and some big-name stars, have personal recollections of plopping down on the family-room wall-to-wall shag sometime between 1969 and 1974 to tune in to multiple reruns of the Kroffts' Saturday morning live-action hits," and quoting Marty Krofft as saying that the head of Universal Studios, Ronald Meyer, and leaders at Sony Pictures all had been fans of Krofft programs.[5]
A number of well-respected writers in the science fiction field contributed scripts to the series (mostly in the first and second seasons), including Larry Niven,[6] Theodore Sturgeon,[6][7] Ben Bova,[6] and Norman Spinrad, and a number of people involved with Star Trek, such as Dorothy "D.C." Fontana,[6] Walter Koenig,[6][8][9] and David Gerrold.[6] Gerrold, Niven, and Fontana also contributed commentaries to the DVD of the first season.[3]
The prolific Krofft team was influential in children's television, producing many oddly formatted, highly energetic, and special-effects heavy programs. Many Krofft shows have similar plots involving children accidentally trapped in other worlds, but Land of the Lost is the Kroffts' most serious treatment of the premise, especially in the first season, slightly less so in the second, and considerably less so in the third.[10]
Plot and format[edit]
The Marshalls are brought to the mysterious world by means of a dimensional portal,[11] a device used frequently throughout the series and a major part of its internal mythology. This portal opens when they are swept down a gigantic 1,000-foot waterfall. We later learn in "Circle", which explains the time paradox, that this portal is actually opened by Rick Marshall himself, while in Enik's cave, as a way for the current Marshalls to return to Earth, resolving the paradox and allowing Enik to also return to his time.
Outfitted only for a short camping trip, the resourceful family from California takes shelter in a natural cave and improvises the provisions and tools that they need to survive. Their most common and dangerous encounters are with dinosaurs, particularly a Tyrannosaurus rex they nickname "Grumpy" who frequents the location of their cave. However, many of the dinosaurs are herbivores, posing no threat to the Marshalls, unless unintentionally provoked. One is a particularly tame young Brontosaurus whom Holly nicknames "Dopey", and whom Holly looks upon as a pet.
They also encounter the mostly hostile Sleestak (lizard-men), and the primate-like creatures called Pakuni (one of whom, Cha-Ka, they befriend), as well as a variety of dangerous creatures, strange geography and unfamiliar technology.
The main goal of the three is to find a way to return home. They are occasionally aided in this by the Altrusian castaway Enik.
At the start of the third season it is explained that Rick Marshall (played by Spencer Milligan) has been accidentally returned to Earth alone, leaving his children behind. Rick is immediately replaced by his brother Jack. Rick Marshall abruptly disappeared while trying to use one of the pylons to get home; Jack stumbled upon his niece and nephew after he embarked on a search of his own to find them.
Though the term "time doorway" is used throughout the series, Land of the Lost is not meant to portray an era in Earth's history, but rather an enigmatic zone whose place and time are unknown. Indeed, within the first few minutes of the pilot, the Marshall family father tells his children that he spotted three moons in the sky. The original creators of these time portals were thought to be the ancestors of the Sleestak, called Altrusians, though later episodes raised some questions about this.
Many aspects of the Land of the Lost, including the time doorways and environmental processes, were controlled by the Pylons, metallic obelisk-shaped booths that were larger on the inside than the outside and housed matrix tables - stone tables studded with a grid of colored crystals. Uncontrolled time doorways result in the arrival of a variety of visitors and castaways in the Land.
Production[edit]
Land of the Lost is notable for its epic-scale concept, which suggested an expansive world with many fantastic forms of life and mysterious technology, all created on a children's series' limited production budget. To support the internal mythology, linguist Victoria Fromkin was commissioned to create a special language for the Pakuni, which she based on the sounds of West African speech and attempted to build into the show in a gradual way that would allow viewers to learn the language over the course of many episodes.[10][12] The series' intention was to create a realistic fantasy world, albeit relying heavily on children's acceptance of minor inconsistencies.
In a 1999 interview, first-season story editor and writer David Gerrold claimed that he largely created the show, based on photographs of various science fiction topoi that were bound together in a book and given him by Sid Krofft and Allan Foshko.[13]
It was a marked departure from the Krofft team's previous work, which mostly featured extremely stylized puppets and sets such as those in H.R. Pufnstuf and Lidsville.[10]
The series for the first two seasons was shot on a modular indoor soundstage at General Service Studios in Hollywood, and made economical use of a small number of sets and scenic props which were rearranged frequently to suggest the ostensibly vast jungles, ancient cities and cave systems. As is traditional in many effect scenes, miniatures or scale-version settings were used for insertion of live-action scenes. Additional locations were often rendered using scale miniatures and chroma key.
Spencer Milligan departed the show at the beginning of its third season for financial reasons. In addition to a salary increase, he believed it was only fair that he and the rest of the cast receive compensation for using their image on various merchandise. His character Rick Marshall was replaced by his brother, Jack Marshall, played by actor Ron Harper. Milligan did not return for the brief scene, also shown in the credits of the third season, showing Rick Marshall being transported out of the Land of the Lost. One of the show's crew played the role instead, wearing a wig resembling Milligan's hair and standing with his back to the camera.[14][15][16]
Non-human characters were portrayed by actors in latex rubber suits, or with heavy creature make-up. Dinosaurs in the series were created using a combination of stop motion animation miniatures, rear projection film effects and occasional hand puppets for close-ups of dinosaur heads. Wesley Eure points out on a commentary track for Land of the Lost's first season DVD that the Grumpy hand puppet has no hole in the back of its throat, even though it is often seen opening its mouth wide to roar. The series marked a rare example of matting filmed stop-motion sequences with videotape live action, so as to avoid the telltale blue 'fringe' produced in matting with less exacting processes. Though this occasionally worked very well, the difference in lighting between the video and film sequences sometimes brought inadvertent attention to the limitations of the process.
Special effects footage was frequently re-used. Additional visual effects were achieved using manual film overlay techniques, the low-tech ancestor to current motion control photography.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Rick Marshall (Seasons 1 and 2) – Spencer Milligan
Will Marshall – Wesley Eure
Holly Marshall – Kathy Coleman
Uncle Jack Marshall (Season 3) – Ron Harper
Cha-Ka – Phillip Paley (Season 3; recurring, seasons 1-2)
Recurring[edit]
Cha-Ka – Phillip Paley (Seasons 1 and 2)
Sa – Sharon Baird (Seasons 1 and 2)
Ta – Joe Giamalva (Season 1) and Scutter McKay (Season 2)
Enik – Walker Edmiston
The Zarn – Marvin Miller (voice) and Van Snowden (body) (Season 2)
Malak – Richard Kiel (Season 3)
Sleestak Leader – Jon Locke (Season 3)
Sleestaks – Dave Greenwood, Bill Laimbeer, John Lambert, Cleveland Porter, Jack Tingley, Scott Fullerton, Mike Westra, Bill Boyd, David Harris, Clarke Roberts
DVD releases[edit]
From 2004 to 2005, Rhino Entertainment owned the rights to the show, and released seasons one through three, and a complete series package, with several bonus features, including commentaries, on all of the releases. Those DVDs have since gone out of print. On May 26, 2009, Universal Studios released two complete series releases, one in original packaging, and the other enclosed in a Land of the Lost vintage lunchbox; the only bonus feature was a look at the film starring Will Ferrell. On October 13, 2009, Universal released the three seasons individually; the DVDs are identical to Universal's Complete Series Boxes. The series is also available in Digital media format.
Remakes[edit]
Despite a relatively short run, the show continued to be aired extensively through syndication. Based on that success, a remake of the series began in 1991 and ran for two seasons.[17] The DVDs of the series earned a Saturn nomination for best retro TV series release in 2004.
On June 5, 2009 a feature film based on the 1974 TV series opened in U.S. theaters. Unlike the original series, which was a serious take on the story, the film was a comedy/parody (more likely inspired by the deservedly unsucccessful 1991 series reboot). It was directed by Brad Silberling and starred Will Ferrell, with the Krofft brothers serving as co-producers. Although the original series was aimed for children, the film's target audience was adults.
See also[edit]
List of Land of the Lost episodes
Land of the Lost characters and species
Land of the Lost geography and technology
Land of the Lost (1991 TV series), the deservedly unsucessful TV remake of the original series
Land of the Lost (film), a 2009 film starring Will Ferrell based on the 1974 series
Valley of the Dinosaurs, a Hanna-Barbera cartoon with a somewhat similar premise.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Prime Time TV Schedule (1967 Season)". getty.net. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ Clodfelter, Tim (August 5, 2004). "Kids vids (review of Land of the Lost: The Complete First Season)". Winston-Salem Journal. p. 33.
^ Jump up to: a b Mark, Rahner (July 2, 2004). "Nicole Kidman and Jude Law sure are purty". Seattle Times. p. H22.
^ Jump up to: a b "Land of the Lost". 70sLiveKidVid.
Jump up ^ Kuklenski, Valerie (March 20, 2005). "If Witchiepoo, Horation J. Hoodoo ring a bell with you". Los Angeles Daily News. p. U8.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ball, Chris (July 2, 2004). "Epic drama follows lovers separated by the Civil War". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. p. E4.
Jump up ^ "About Theodore Sturgeon". Theodore Sturgeon Literary Trust. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Deggans, Eric (January 21, 1998). "'Star Trek' actor finds another frontier". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1D.
Jump up ^ Davis, Jessica (March 9, 2004). "'Cartoon' is best when it's simple". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. p. D5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Clodfelter, Tim (August 17, 2000). "Revival: the fantastic worlds of Sid and Marty Krofft are back in vogue again". Winston-Salem Journal. Winston-Salem, NC. p. E1.
Jump up ^ "Circle". Land of the Lost. Season 1. Episode 17.
Jump up ^ Walker, Kevin (June 18, 1999). "Masters of puppets – New videos. Movies deals on the table. Suddenly, former Saturday morning television kings Sid and Marty Krofft are hot again". The Tampa Tribune. p. 20.
Jump up ^ "T. lex - David Gerrold Interview". Pop Apostle.
Jump up ^ "Land of the Lost". John Kenneth Muir's Retro TV Files.
Jump up ^ "Land Of The Lost (TV 1974 -1977)". Monster Island News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Land of the Lost Page". Mediawhack. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Long, Tom (June 5, 2009). "Will Ferrell hits an all-time low with lame 'Land of the Lost'". The Detroit News. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
External links[edit]
Land of the Lost website
Land of the Lost (1974) on IMDb
Land of the Lost (1974) at TV.com
Tavis Smiley – Sid & Marty Krofft Interview (Transcript and RealPlayer Audio)
Jesse Thorn/The Sound of Young America – Marty Krofft Interview (Podcast)
Land of the Lost episode studies at PopApostle
[show]
v
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Land of the Lost
Original series
List of episodes
Characters and species
Geography and technology
Other
1991 series
Film
[show]
v
t
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Sid and Marty Krofft
Television shows
H.R. Pufnstuf (1969)
The Bugaloos (1970)
Lidsville (1971)
Sigmund and the Sea Monsters (1973)
Land of the Lost (1974)
Far Out Space Nuts (1975)
The Lost Saucer (1975)
Donny & Marie (1976)
The Krofft Supershow (1976)
The Brady Bunch Hour (1977)
The Krofft Superstar Hour (1978)
Pink Lady and Jeff (1980)
Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters (1980)
Pryor's Place (1984)
D.C. Follies (1987)
Land of the Lost (1991)
Family Affair (2002)
Mutt & Stuff (2015)
Krofft Supershow Segments
Dr. Shrinker (1976)
Electra Woman and Dyna Girl (1976)
Kaptain Kool and the Kongs (1976)
Wonderbug (1976)
Magic Mongo (1977)
Bigfoot and Wildboy (1977)
Krofft Puppets appeared in
The Dean Martin Show (1965)
The Banana Splits (1968)
The Great Space Coaster (1981)
Pilots and TV specials
Here's Irving (1957)
Fol-de-Rol (1972)
The World of Sid & Marty Krofft at the Hollywood Bowl (1973)
Really Raquel (1974)
NBC Saturday Morning Preview Revue (1974)
Jimmy Osmond Presents ABC's Saturday Sneak Peek (1976)
The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976)
The Brady Bunch Variety Hour (1976)
Kaptain Kool and the Kongs Present ABC All-Star Saturday (1977)
The Bay City Rollers Meet the Saturday Superstars (1978)
The Krofft Komedy Hour (1978)
Bobby Vinton's Rock 'n' Rollers (1978)
Anson & Lorrie (1981)
Saturday's the Place (1984)
The Cracker Brothers (1985)
Rock 'n' Wrestling Saturday Spectacular (1985)
The Patti LaBelle Show (1985)
Sid & Marty Krofft's Red Eye Express (1988)
Krofft Late Night (1991)
Electra Woman and Dyna Girl (2001)
Films
Pufnstuf (1970)
Harry Tracy, Desperado (1980)
Middle Age Crazy (1980)
Side Show (1981)
Land of the Lost (2009)
Electra Woman and Dyna Girl (2016)
Live shows
Howdy, Mr. Ice of 1950 (1949)
Les Poupées de Paris (1961)
Circus (1966)
Funny World (1966)
Kaleidescope (1968)
Fol-de-Rol (1968)
A Broadway Baby (1984)
Comedy Kings (1988)
Other
The World of Sid and Marty Krofft Theme Park
Sid & Marty Krofft Television Productions Inc. v. McDonald's Corp.
Toby Terrier and His Video Pals
[show]
v
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Children's programming on NBC in the 1970s
First-run animated series
Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales
Here Comes the Grump
The Pink Panther Show (1969–78)
The Underdog Show
The Further Adventures of Dr. Dolittle
The Houndcats
The Roman Holidays
The Barkleys
Sealab 2020
Around the World in 80 Days
Inch High, Private Eye
The Addams Family
Emergency +4
Butch Cassidy
Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–75)
Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch
The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty
Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975–76)
CB Bears
The Young Sentinels
The New Archie and Sabrina Hour (1977)
I Am the Greatest: The Adventures of Muhammad Ali
Baggy Pants and the Nitwits
Yogi's Space Race
Galaxy Goof-Ups
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Land of the Lost
1974 American television series debuts
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text:
Mobile processor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A mobile processor is found in mobile computers and cellphones.
A CPU chip is designed for portable computers, it is typically housed in a smaller chip package, but more importantly, in order to run cooler, it uses lower voltages than its desktop counterpart and has more sleep mode capability. A mobile processor can be throttled down to different power levels or sections of the chip can be turned off entirely when not in use. Further, the clock frequency may be stepped down under low processor loads. This stepping down conserves power and prolongs battery life.
See also[edit]
Embedded processor
Notebook processor
References[edit]
[hide]
v
t
e
CPU technologies
Architecture
Turing machine
Post–Turing machine
Universal Turing machine
Quantum Turing machine
Belt machine
Stack machine
Register machine
Counter machine
Pointer machine
Random access machine
Random access stored program machine
Finite-state machine
Queue automaton
Von Neumann
Harvard (modified)
Dataflow
TTA
Cellular
Artificial neural network
Machine learning
Deep learning
Neural processing unit (NPU)
Convolutional neural network
Load/store architecture
Register memory architecture
Register register architecture
Endianness
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Zero-copy
NUMA
HUMA
HSA
Mobile computing
Surface computing
Wearable computing
Heterogeneous computing
Parallel computing
Concurrent computing
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Amorphous computing
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VLIW (EPIC)
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OISC
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ISAs
x86
z/Architecture
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Power Architecture (PowerPC)
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Itanium (IA-64)
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Word size
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Cache performance measurement and metric
Core count
Single-core processor
Multi-core processor
Manycore processor
Types
Central processing unit (CPU)
GPGPU
AI accelerator
Vision processing unit (VPU)
Vector processor
Barrel processor
Stream processor
Digital signal processor (DSP)
I/O processor/DMA controller
Network processor
Baseband processor
Physics processing unit (PPU)
Coprocessor
Secure cryptoprocessor
ASIC
FPGA
FPOA
CPLD
Microcontroller
Microprocessor
Mobile processor
Notebook processor
Ultra-low-voltage processor
Multi-core processor
Manycore processor
Tile processor
Multi-chip module (MCM)
Chip stack multi-chip modules
System on a chip (SoC)
Multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC)
Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC)
Network on a chip (NoC)
Components
Execution unit (EU)
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Address generation unit (AGU)
Floating-point unit (FPU)
Load-store unit (LSU)
Fixed-point unit (FXU)
Vector unit (VU)
Branch predictor
Branch execution unit (BEU)
Instruction Decoder
Instruction Scheduler
Instruction Fetch Unit
Instruction Dispatch Unit
Instruction Sequencing Unit
Unified Reservation Station
Barrel shifter
Uncore
Sum addressed decoder (SAD)
Front-side bus
Back-side bus
Northbridge (computing)
Southbridge (computing)
Adder (electronics)
Binary multiplier
Binary decoder
Address decoder
Multiplexer
Demultiplexer
Registers
Cache
Memory management unit (MMU)
Input–output memory management unit (IOMMU)
Integrated Memory Controller (IMC)
Power Management Unit (PMU)
Translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
Stack engine
Register file
Processor register
Hardware register
Memory buffer register (MBR)
Program counter
Microcode ROM
Datapath
Control unit
Instruction unit
Re-order buffer
Data buffer
Write buffer
Coprocessor
Electronic switch
Electronic circuit
Integrated circuit
Three-dimensional integrated circuit
Boolean circuit
Digital circuit
Analog circuit
Mixed-signal integrated circuit
Power management integrated circuit
Quantum circuit
Logic gate
Combinational logic
Sequential logic
Emitter-coupled logic (ECL)
Transistor–transistor logic (TTL)
Glue logic
Quantum gate
Gate array
Counter (digital)
Bus (computing)
Semiconductor device
Clock rate
CPU multiplier
Vision chip
Memristor
Power
management
APM
ACPI
Dynamic frequency scaling
Dynamic voltage scaling
Clock gating
Hardware
security
Non-executable memory (NX bit)
Memory Protection Extensions (Intel MPX)
Intel Secure Key
Hardware restriction (firmware)
Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX)
Trusted Execution Technology
OmniShield
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
Secure cryptoprocessor
Hardware security module
Hengzhi chip
Related
History of general-purpose CPUs
This microcomputer- or microprocessor-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
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text:
Rhodolite
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Rhodolite
General
Category
Pyrope variety, nesosilicate
Formula
(repeating unit)
(Mg,Fe)3Al2(SiO4)3
Crystal system
Cubic
Identification
Color
light to dark purplish red through reddish purple
Cleavage
none, may show indistinct parting
Fracture
conchoidal
Mohs scale hardness
7–7.5
Luster
greasy to vitreous
Specific gravity
3.84 (+/− .10)
Polish luster
vitreous
Optical properties
Single refractive, often anomalous double refractive
Refractive index
1.760 (+.010, −.020)
Birefringence
none
Pleochroism
none
Dispersion
.026
Ultraviolet fluorescence
inert
Absorption spectra
usually at 504, 520, and 573 nm, may also have faint lines at 423, 460, 610, and 680–690 nm
References
[1]
Rhodolite is a varietal name for rose-pink to red mineral pyrope, a species in the garnet group. It was first described from Cowee Valley, Macon County, North Carolina.[2] The name is derived from the Greek "rhodon" for "rose-like", in common with other pink mineral types (e.g. rhodochrosite, rhodonite). This coloration, and the commonly inclusion-free nature of garnet from this locality, has led to rhodolite being used as a gemstone. Rhodolite like other varietal names is not officially recognized as a mineralogical term, but rather used as an accepted trade name.[3][4]
Gemmological properties[edit]
Mineralogically and chemically, rhodolite garnets are members of the pyrope-almandine solid-solution series, with an approximate bulk garnet composition of Py70Al30.[1]
Rhodolites from different occurrences around the world have been characterized by crystal chemical and absorption spectral analysis showing that besides iron such elements as manganese, chromium and vanadium may effect the colour of rhodolites.[3][4]
Rhodolite garnets appear as transparent red-pink-purplish gemstones, including all the different colour shades between violet and red. The colors from different rhodolite sources may vary from a lavender pink to raspberry rose or raspberry red and from purplish-violet (grape) to purplish red.[5]
The color of rhodolites, combined with their brilliance, durability, and the accessibility of stones with no visible inclusions have brought about some demand for the stone in the jewelry industry. Rhodolites used in jewelry are generally faceted to make good use of their brilliance, though they also exist in cabochon form.[citation needed]
Some rhodolites will change color from purplish to a hessonite brown when heated to a temperature of 600 °C. This process cannot be reversed.[6]
Natural sources[edit]
Many deposits of economic importance are found in countries that belong to the geological unit of the so called “Mozambique belt”, such as Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, etc. Other sources of rhodolites are in Brazil, India ( Odisha ), Norway, United States and Sri Lanka.[2][3][4][6]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Gem Reference Guide. [Santa Monica, CA]: Gemological Institute of America, 1988. ISBN 0-87311-019-6.
^ Jump up to: a b Rhodolite on mindat.org
^ Jump up to: a b c LIND, THOMAS; HENN, ULRICH; MILISENDA, CLAUDIO C. (1998). "Comparative investigation of rhodolite garnets from different provenances". Gemmologie (Journal of the German Gemmological Association). 47 (1): 53–59. ISSN 0948-7395.
^ Jump up to: a b c LIND, THOMAS (2015). "Crystal chemistry and colour of garnets of commercially relevant gemstone occurrences". Gemmologie (Journal of the German Gemmological Association). 64 (1/2): 1–41. ISSN 0948-7395.
Jump up ^ "Rhodolite". Lindgranat | Garnet Specialist | Germany | World Of Garnets. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rhodolite on Gemdat.org". Retrieved 13 March 2015.

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Military science
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For the research and development of technologies used in warfare, see Military technology.
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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Military science is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force.[1] It is mainly focused on theory, method, and practice of producing military capability in a manner consistent with national defense policy. Military science serves to identify the strategic, political, economic, psychological, social, operational, technological, and tactical elements necessary to sustain relative advantage of military force; and to increase the likelihood and favorable outcomes of victory in peace or during a war. Military scientists include theorists, researchers, experimental scientists, applied scientists, designers, engineers, test technicians, and other military personnel.
Military personnel obtain weapons, equipment, and training to achieve specific strategic goals. Military science is also used to establish enemy capability as part of technical intelligence.
In military history, military science had been used during the period of Industrial Revolution as a general term to refer to all matters of military theory and technology application as a single academic discipline, including that of the deployment and employment of troops in peacetime or in battle.
In military education, military science is often the name of the department in the education institution that administers officer candidate education. However, this education usually focuses on the officer leadership training and basic information about employment of military theories, concepts, methods and systems, and graduates are not military scientists on completion of studies, but rather junior military officers.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Employment of military skills
2.1 Military organization
2.2 Force structuring
2.3 Military education and training
3 Military concepts and methods
3.1 Military history
3.2 Military strategy and doctrines
3.3 Military geography
4 Military systems
4.1 Military intelligence
4.2 Military logistics
4.3 Military technology and equipment
5 Military studies journals
6 University studies
7 See also
8 Citations and notes
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Main article: Military history
CLASS IN TELEPHONY: ENLISTED MEN, U. S. ARMY. The telephone in modern warfare has robbed battle of much of its picturesqueness, romance, and glamor; as the dashing dispatch rider on his foam-flecked steed is antiquated. A message sent by telephone annihilates space and time, whereas the dispatch rider would, in most cases, be annihilated by shrapnel. Published 1917.
Even until the Second World War, military science was written in English starting with capital letters, and was thought of as an academic discipline alongside Physics, Philosophy and the Medical Science. In part this was due to the general mystique that accompanied education in a World where as late as the 1880s 75% of the European population was illiterate.[citation needed] The ability by the officers to make complex calculations required for the equally complex "evolutions" of the troop movements in linear warfare that increasingly dominated the Renaissance and later history, and the introduction of the gunpowder weapons into the equation of warfare only added to the veritable arcana of building fortifications as it seemed to the average individual.
Until the early 19th century, one observer, a British veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, Major John Mitchell thought that it seemed nothing much had changed from the application of force on a battlefield since the days of the Greeks.[2] He suggested that this was primarily so because as Clausewitz suggested, "unlike in any other science or art, in war the object reacts".[3]
Until this time, and even after the Franco-Prussian War, military science continued to be divided between the formal thinking of officers brought up in the "shadow" of Napoleonic Wars and younger officers like Ardant du Picq who tended to view fighting performance as rooted in the individual's and group psychology[4] and suggested detailed analysis of this. This set in motion the eventual fascination of the military organisations with application of quantitative and qualitative research to their theories of combat; the attempt to translate military thinking as philosophic concepts into concrete methods of combat.
Military implements, the supply of an army, its organization, tactics, and discipline, have constituted the elements of military science in all ages; but improvement in weapons and accoutrements appears to lead and control all the rest.[5]
The breakthrough of sorts made by Clausewitz in suggesting eight principles on which such methods can be based, in Europe, for the first time presented an opportunity to largely remove the element of chance and error from command decision making process.[6] At this time emphasis was made on the Topography (including Trigonometry), Military art (Military science),[7] Military history, Organisation of the Army in the field, Artillery and Science of Projectiles, Field fortifications and Permanent fortifications, Military legislation, Military administration and Manoeuvres.[8]
The military science on which the model of German combat operations was built for the First World War remained largely unaltered from the Napoleonic model, but took into the consideration the vast improvements in the firepower and the ability to conduct "great battles of annihilation" through rapid concentration of force, strategic mobility, and the maintenance of the strategic offensive[9] better known as the Cult of the offensive. The key to this, and other modes of thinking about war remained analysis of military history and attempts to derive tangible lessons that could be replicated again with equal success on another battlefield as a sort of bloody laboratory of military science. Few were bloodier than the fields of the Western Front between 1914 and 1918. Fascinatingly the man who probably understood Clausewitz better than most, Marshal Foch would initially participate in events that nearly destroyed the French Army.[10]
It is not however true to say that military theorists and commanders were suffering from some collective case of stupidity; quite the opposite is true. Their analysis of military history convinced them that decisive and aggressive strategic offensive was the only doctrine of victory, and feared that overemphasis of firepower, and the resultant dependence on entrenchment would make this all but impossible, and leading to the battlefield stagnant in advantages of the defensive position, destroying troop morale and willingness to fight.[11] Because only the offensive could bring victory, lack of it, and not the firepower, was blamed for the defeat of the Imperial Russian Army in the Russo-Japanese War. Foch thought that "In strategy as well as in tactics one attacks".[12]
In many ways military science was born as a result of the experiences of the Great War. "Military implements" had changed armies beyond recognition with cavalry to virtually disappear in the next 20 years. The "supply of an army" would become a science of logistics in the wake of massive armies, operations and troops that could fire ammunition faster than it could be produced, for the first time using vehicles that used the combustion engine, a watershed of change.[13] Military "organisation" would no longer be that of the linear warfare, but assault teams, and battalions that were becoming multi-skilled with introduction of machine gun and mortar, and for the first time forcing military commanders to think not only in terms of rank and file, but force structure.
Tactics changed too, with infantry for the first time segregated from the horse-mounted troops, and required to cooperate with tanks, aircraft and new artillery tactics. Perception of military discipline too had changed. Morale, despite strict disciplinarian attitudes, had cracked in all armies during the war, but best performing troops were found to be those where emphasis on discipline had been replaced with display of personal initiative and group cohesiveness such as that found in the Australian Corps during the Hundred Days Offensive. The military sciences' analysis of military history that had failed European commanders was about to give way to a new military science, less conspicuous in appearance, but more aligned to the processes of science of testing and experimentation, the scientific method, and forever "wed" to the idea of the superiority of technology on the battlefield.
Currently military science still means many things to different organisations. In the United Kingdom and much of the European Union the approach is to relate it closely to the civilian application and understanding. The Defence Scientific Advisory Council sees this in terms of the fields of science, engineering, technology and analysis (SETA) that includes broad strategic issues, priorities and policies related to developing military capabilities.[14] In Europe, for example Belgium's Royal Military Academy, military science remains an academic discipline, and is studied alongside Social Sciences, including such subjects as Humanitarian law. The United States Department of Defense defines military science in terms of specific systems and operational requirements, and include among other areas civil defense and force structure.
Employment of military skills[edit]
In the first instance military science is concerned with who will participate in military operations, and what sets of skills and knowledge they will require to do so effectively and somewhat ingeniously.
Military organization[edit]
Main article: Military organization
Develops optimal methods for the administration and organization of military units, as well as the military as a whole. In addition, this area studies other associated aspects as mobilization/demobilization, and military government for areas recently conquered (or liberated) from enemy control.
Force structuring[edit]
Force structuring is the method by which personnel and the weapons and equipment they use are organized and trained for military operations, including combat. Development of force structure in any country is based on strategic, operational, and tactical needs of the national defense policy, the identified threats to the country, and the technological capabilities of the threats and the armed forces.
Force structure development is guided by doctrinal considerations of strategic, operational and tactical deployment and employment of formations and units to territories, areas and zones where they are expected to perform their missions and tasks. Force structuring applies to all Armed Services, but not to their supporting organisations such as those used for defense science research activities.
In the United States force structure is guided by the table of organization and equipment (TOE or TO&E). The TOE is a document published by the U.S. Department of Defense which prescribes the organization, manning, and equipage of units from divisional size and down, but also including the headquarters of Corps and Armies.
Force structuring also provides information on the mission and capabilities of specific units, as well as the unit's current status in terms of posture and readiness. A general TOE is applicable to a type of unit (for instance, infantry) rather than a specific unit (the 3rd Infantry Division). In this way, all units of the same branch (such as Infantry) follow the same structural guidelines which allows for more efficient financing, training, and employment of like units operationally.
Military education and training[edit]
Main article: Military education and training
Studies the methodology and practices involved in training soldiers, NCOs (non-commissioned officers, i.e. sergeants and corporals), and officers. It also extends this to training small and large units, both individually and in concert with one another for both the regular and reserve organizations. Military training, especially for officers, also concerns itself with general education and political indoctrination of the armed forces.
Military concepts and methods[edit]
Much of capability development depends on the concepts which guide use of the armed forces and their weapons and equipment, and the methods employed in any given theatre of war or combat environment.
Military history[edit]
Main article: Military history
Military activity has been a constant process over thousands of years, and the essential tactics, strategy, and goals of military operations have been unchanging throughout history. As an example, one notable maneuver is the double envelopment, considered to be the consummate military maneuver, first executed by Hannibal at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BCE, and later by Khalid ibn al-Walid at the Battle of Walaja in 633 CE.
Via the study of history, the military seeks to avoid past mistakes, and improve upon its current performance by instilling an ability in commanders to perceive historical parallels during battle, so as to capitalize on the lessons learned. The main areas military history includes are the history of wars, battles, and combats, history of the military art, and history of each specific military service.
Military strategy and doctrines[edit]
Current major security alliances
NATO, ESDP
SCO, CSTO
PSC
SADC
Main articles: Military strategy, Military doctrine
Military strategy is in many ways the centerpiece of military science. It studies the specifics of planning for, and engaging in combat, and attempts to reduce the many factors to a set of principles that govern all interactions of the field of battle. In Europe these principles were first defined by Clausewitz in his Principles of War. As such, it directs the planning and execution of battles, operations, and wars as a whole. Two major systems prevail on the planet today. Broadly speaking, these may be described as the "Western" system, and the "Russian" system. Each system reflects and supports strengths and weakness in the underlying society.
Modern Western military art is composed primarily of an amalgam of French, German, British, and American systems. The Russian system borrows from these systems as well, either through study, or personal observation in the form of invasion (Napoleon's War of 1812, and The Great Patriotic War), and form a unique product suited for the conditions practitioners of this system will encounter. The system that is produced by the analysis provided by Military Art is known as doctrine.
Western military doctrine relies heavily on technology, the use of a well-trained and empowered NCO cadre, and superior information processing and dissemination to provide a level of battlefield awareness that opponents cannot match. Its advantages are extreme flexibility, extreme lethality, and a focus on removing an opponent's C3I (command, communications, control, and intelligence) to paralyze and incapacitate rather than destroying their combat power directly (hopefully saving lives in the process). Its drawbacks are high expense, a reliance on difficult-to-replace personnel, an enormous logistic train, and a difficulty in operating without high technology assets if depleted or destroyed.
Soviet military doctrine (and its descendants, in CIS countries) relies heavily on masses of machinery and troops, a highly educated (albeit very small) officer corps, and pre-planned missions. Its advantages are that it does not require well educated troops, does not require a large logistic train, is under tight central control, and does not rely on a sophisticated C3I system after the initiation of a course of action. Its disadvantages are inflexibility, a reliance on the shock effect of mass (with a resulting high cost in lives and material), and overall inability to exploit unexpected success or respond to unexpected loss.
Chinese military doctrine is currently in a state of flux as the People's Liberation Army is evaluating military trends of relevance to China. Chinese military doctrine is influenced by a number of sources including an indigenous classical military tradition characterized by strategists such as Sun Tzu, Western and Soviet influences, as well as indigenous modern strategists such as Mao Zedong. One distinctive characteristic of Chinese military science is that it places emphasis on the relationship between the military and society as well as viewing military force as merely one part of an overarching grand strategy.
Each system trains its officer corps in its philosophy regarding military art. The differences in content and emphasis are illustrative. The United States Army principles of war are defined in the U.S. Army Field Manual FM 100–5. The Canadian Forces principles of war/military science are defined by Land Forces Doctrine and Training System (LFDTS) to focus on principles of command, principles of war, operational art and campaign planning, and scientific principles.
Russian Federation armed forces derive their principles of war predominantly from those developed during the existence of the Soviet Union. These, although based significantly on the Second World War experience in conventional war fighting, have been substantially modified since the introduction of the nuclear arms into strategic considerations. The Soviet war in Afghanistan and the First and Second Chechen Wars further modified the principles that Soviet theorists had divided into the operational art and tactics. The very scientific approach to military science thinking in the Soviet union had been perceived as overly rigid at the tactical level, and had affected the training in the Russian Federation's much reduced forces to instil greater professionalism and initiative in the forces.
The military principles of war of the People's Liberation Army were loosely based on those of the Soviet Union until the 1980s when a significant shift begun to be seen in a more regionally-aware, and geographically-specific strategic, operational and tactical thinking in all services. The PLA is currently influenced by three doctrinal schools which both conflict and complement each other: the People's war, the Regional war, and the Revolution in military affairs that led to substantial increase in the defense spending and rate of technological modernisation of the forces.
The differences in the specifics of Military art notwithstanding, Military science strives to provide an integrated picture of the chaos of battle, and illuminate basic insights that apply to all combatants, not just those who agree with your formulation of the principles.
Military geography[edit]
Main article: Military geography
Military geography encompasses much more than simple protestations to take the high ground. Military geography studies the obvious, the geography of theatres of war, but also the additional characteristics of politics, economics, and other natural features of locations of likely conflict (the political "landscape", for example). As an example, the Soviet war in Afghanistan was predicated on the ability of the Soviet Union to not only successfully invade Afghanistan, but also to militarily and politically flank the Islamic Republic of Iran simultaneously.
Military systems[edit]
How effectively and efficiently militaries accomplish their operations, missions and tasks is closely related not only to the methods they use, but the equipment and weapons they use.
Military intelligence[edit]
Military intelligence supports the combat commanders' decision making process by providing intelligence analysis of available data from a wide range of sources. To provide that informed analysis the commanders information requirements are identified and input to a process of gathering, analysis, protection, and dissemination of information about the operational environment, hostile, friendly and neutral forces and the civilian population in an area of combat operations, and broader area of interest. Intelligence activities are conducted at all levels from tactical to strategic, in peacetime, the period of transition to war, and during the war.
Most militaries maintain a military intelligence capability to provide analytical and information collection personnel in both specialist units and from other arms and services. Personnel selected for intelligence duties, whether specialist intelligence officers and enlisted soldiers or non-specialist assigned to intelligence may be selected for their analytical abilities and intelligence before receiving formal training.
Military intelligence serves to identify the threat, and provide information on understanding best methods and weapons to use in deterring or defeating it.
Military logistics[edit]
Main article: Military logistics
The art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of military forces. In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects or military operations that deal with the design, development, acquisition, storage, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of material; the movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; the acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities; and the acquisition or furnishing of services.
Military technology and equipment[edit]
Main article: Military technology
Military technology is not just the study of various technologies and applicable physical sciences used to increase military power. It may also extend to the study of production methods of military equipment, and ways to improve performance and reduce material and/or technological requirements for its production. An example is the effort expended by Nazi Germany to produce artificial rubbers and fuels to reduce or eliminate their dependence on imported POL (petroleum, oil, and lubricants) and rubber supplies.
Military technology is unique only in its application, not in its use of basic scientific and technological achievements. Because of the uniqueness of use, military technological studies strive to incorporate evolutionary, as well as the rare revolutionary technologies, into their proper place of military application.
Military studies journals[edit]
The following are notable journals in the field:[15]
Armed Forces & Society
Contemporary Security Policy
Defense & Security Analysis
European Security
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
International Peacekeeping
International Security
Joint Forces Quarterly
Journal of Strategic Studies
Military Psychology
Military Review
Nonproliferation Review
Orbis (journal)
Parameters (journal)
Security Dialogue
Security Studies (journal)
Small Wars & Insurgencies
Survival (journal)
The Journal of Security Strategies
The RUSI Journal
The Washington Quarterly
University studies[edit]
Universities (or colleges) around the world also offer a degree(s) in military science:
New Zealand:
Massey University, Centre for Defence and Security Studies – BA in Defence Studies
Slovenia:
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Studies – BA, MA and PhD in Defence studies; PhD in Military-Social Sciences
United Kingdom:
King's College London – MA in International Security and Strategy; MA, MPhil/PhD in Defence Studies
University of Hull - MA in Strategy and International Security
United States:
United States Air Force Academy - Major in Military and Strategic Studies; Minor in Nuclear Weapons and Strategy
United States Military Academy - Major in Defense and Strategic Studies
Missouri State University – Minor in Military Studies
See also[edit]
War portal
Military doctrine
Military theory
War
List of basic military science and technology topics
List of military inventions
List of military writers
Citations and notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Jordan, 2013. p. 880.
Jump up ^ p.12, Gat
Jump up ^ cf p.12, Gat
Jump up ^ p.29, Gat
Jump up ^ p.194, Lodge
Jump up ^ p.12, Dupuy
Jump up ^ taught by a Professor of Military Art at the Staff School in France, p.248, Barnard
Jump up ^ p.248, Barnard
Jump up ^ p.113, Gat
Jump up ^ p.15, Dupuy
Jump up ^ p.138, Gat
Jump up ^ p.138-139, Gat
Jump up ^ p.50, Thompson
Jump up ^ "Defence Scientific Advisory Council - GOV.UK". www.mod.uk.
Jump up ^ "Google Scholar Metrics, Military Studies". Google. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
References[edit]
Barnard, Henry, Military Schools and Courses of Instruction in the Science and Art of War in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Sardinia, England, and the United States, Part I – France and Prussia, J.B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1862
Dupuy, Trevor N., Understanding War: History and Theory of Combat, Leo Cooper, London, 1992
Gat, Azar, The Development of Military Thought: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford University Press, London, 1992
Jordan, Kelly C., "Military Science", in G. Kurt Piehler, ed. Encyclopedia of Military Science, SAGE Reference, Volume, 2. pp. 880–885.
Lodge, Henry Cabot, (ed.), The North American Review, Making of America Project, University of Northern Iowa, 1878
Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich, eds. The Routledge History of Global War and Society (2018) [1]
Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich. Ways of War: American Military History from the Colonial Era to the Twenty-First Century (2018) [2]
Soeters, Joseph; Shields, Patricia and Rietjens, Sebastiaan. Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies New York: Routledge, 2014.
Thompson, Julian, Lifeblood of war: Logistics in armed conflict, Brassey's classics, London, 1991
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military science.
Military Technology
US Military/Government Texts
The Logic of Warfighting Experiments by Kass (CCRP, 2006)
Complexity, Networking, and Effects Based Approaches to Operations by Smith (CCRP, 2006)
Understanding Command and Control by Alberts and Hayes (CCRP, 2006)
The Agile Organization by Atkinson and Moffat (CCRP, 2005)
Power to the Edge by Alberts and Hayes (CCRP, 2003)
Network Centric Warfare by Alberts et al. (CCRP, 1999)
Authority control
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NDL: 00562624
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