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The Body Shop
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This article is about the cosmetics company. For other uses, see Body shop.
The Body Shop International plc
The Body Shop, Oxford Street
Type
Subsidiary
Industry
Cosmetics
Founded
26 March 1976
Founder
Anita Roddick
Headquarters
Croydon, London, United Kingdom
Number of locations
3,049[1]
Key people
Jeremy Schwartz, CEO
Products
Skin care
cosmetics
fragrances
Revenue
US$ 1.4 billion (2017)
Owner
Natura & Co
Number of employees
17,000[1]
Website
Official website
The Body Shop International Limited, trading as The Body Shop, is a British cosmetics, skin care and perfume company that was founded in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick. It currently has a range of 1,000 products which it sells in over 3,049 owned and franchised stores internationally in 66 countries.[2] The company is based in East Croydon and Littlehampton, West Sussex.
The company is owned by Brazilian cosmetics company Natura. The company had been owned by the French cosmetics company L'Oréal between 2006 and 2017. In June 2017, L'Oréal agreed to sell the company to Natura for £880 million. The deal was approved in September 2017.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Origins
1.2 L'Oréal
2 International expansion
2.1 The Body Shop At Home: multilevel marketing network
3 Social activism
3.1 Community Trade (formerly Trade not Aid)
3.2 Policy on animal testing
3.3 The Body Shop Foundation
4 Products
5 Controversies
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
The Body Shop’s founder, Anita Roddick (nee Anita Perella), was born in Littlehampton, England, in October 1942. Through her travels across Europe, the South Pacific, and Africa, she became inspired by traditional and cultural forms of health and body care.
In 1970, she visited "The Body Shop", a shop in Berkeley, California, selling naturally-scented soaps and lotions. The shop, run by Peggy Short and Jane Saunders, used natural ingredients, and helped to employ and train immigrant women.
Six years later, in 1976, Roddick opened a similar shop in the UK, also named The Body Shop. Her vision was to sell products with natural, ethically and sustainably sourced ingredients, with simple packaging. Even in the early days of business, she offered fragrance-free refillable bottles. Her lack of packaging was anti-waste - customers should return the plain bottles to be refilled; if she huckstered anything, it was the history of the ingredients and the anthropology of their cultivators. In addition, Anita promised that the ingredients used in her products were not tested on animals, were not synthetic, and - long before the Fairtrade movement – that they had been ethically sourced from ground-level growers rather than commodity brokers. [3]
By 1978 The Body Shop was growing so fast that it started franchising the business to open more shops across the UK, and then across Europe and globally.
In 1987, Roddick offered Short and Saunders $3.5 million to purchase the name "The Body Shop". [4][5][6] From its first launch in the UK in 1976, The Body Shop experienced rapid growth, expanding at a rate of 50 percent annually.
The Body Shop in the Prudential Center in Boston
The Body Shop stock was floated on London's Unlisted Securities Market in April 1984, opening at 95p. After it obtained a full listing on the London Stock Exchange, the stock was given the nickname "The shares that defy gravity," as its price increased by more than 500%.
The Body Shop turned increasingly toward social and environmental campaigns to promote its business in the late 1980s. In 1997, Roddick launched a global campaign to raise self-esteem in women and against the media stereotyping of women. It focused on unreasonably skinny models in the context of rising numbers in bulimia and anorexia.
The opening of Roddick's first modest shop received early attention when the Brighton newspaper, The Evening Argus, carried an article about an undertaker with a nearby store who complained about the use of the name "The Body Shop."[7]
L'Oréal[edit]
In March 2006, The Body Shop agreed to a £652.3 million takeover by L'Oréal. It was reported that Anita and Gordon Roddick, who set up The Body Shop 30 years previously, made £130 million from the sale.[8]
In 2017, L’Oreál sold The Body Shop to the ethical Brazilian cosmetics B-Corp, Natura.
There was a media controversy surrounding claims that L'Oréal continues to test on animals, which contradicts The Body Shop's core value of Against Animal Testing.
Roddick addressed the controversy over selling The Body Shop to the world's largest cosmetics company in an interview with The Guardian,[9] which reported that "she sees herself as a kind of "trojan horse" who, by selling her business to a huge firm, will be able to influence the decisions it makes. Suppliers who had formerly worked with the Body Shop will in future have contracts with L'Oréal, and working with the company 25 days a year Roddick was able to have an input into decisions."
Following her death in 2007, Prime Minister Gordon Brown paid tribute to Dame Anita, calling her "one of the country's true pioneers" and an "inspiration" to businesswomen. He said: "She campaigned for green issues for many years before it became fashionable to do so and inspired millions to the cause by bringing sustainable products to a mass market. She will be remembered not only as a great campaigner but also as a great entrepreneur."[10][11]
The Body Shop is now owned by Brazilian Cosmetics Company "Natura Cosméticos" who bought the company off of L'Oreal. Natura Cosméticos is a cruelty free brand that focuses on ending animal testing, education and training to find alternative technologies for testing on animals, and using fresh and sustainable ingredients.[citation needed]
International expansion[edit]
Year of opening
Country[12]
1976 UK
1978 Belgium
1979 Austria, Greece, Sweden
1980 Iceland, Canada
1981 Denmark, Ireland, Finland
1982 France, Netherlands
1983 Cyprus, Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, Australia, UAE
1984 Italy, Hong Kong, Malaysia
1985 Norway, Bahamas, Bahrain
1986 Portugal, Spain, Kuwait, Oman
1987 Malta, Antigua, Bermuda, Qatar, Saudi Arabia
1988 Gibraltar, United States, Taiwan
1989 Cayman Islands, New Zealand
1990 Japan
1991 Luxembourg
1992 Indonesia
1993 Mexico, Brunei, Thailand, Macau
1996 Philippines
1997 Korea
1999 Romania
2001 South Africa
2006 India, Russia, Poland, Czech Republic
2012 Hungary
2014 Brazil, Morocco
2015 Sri Lanka
2016 Chile
2017 Bangladesh, Slovenia, Cyprus
The Body Shop At Home: multilevel marketing network[edit]
In addition to retail channels, products from The Body Shop are available through "The Body Shop At Home" multilevel marketing network. The network was established in 1994.[13] Distributors (or consultants) can also recruit others to sell the products.[14] Consultants receive 25 per cent of the sales proceeds of products sold at parties or directly, and a 25 per cent personal discount on products (as at 2008).[15]
The multilevel marketing program was known as "The Body Shop Direct" in Britain, and was first trialled in Australia in Gippsland in 1997.[16] In 1998, the Australian division was featured in the Australian Financial Review for their motivational-based policy of funding unrelated courses for home distributors, such as tarot reading or French polishing.[17]
The Body Shop At Home multilevel marketing network has had a presence in Canada since 1998, but with locality restrictions (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) due to franchisee interests. As of 2001, the home sales accounted for 4 per cent of Canada's total sales.[18] The network has been in New Zealand since at least 2001,[19] launched in Mexico in 2002,[20] and launched in Germany in 2007. There are distributors in 48 American states, as well as France, the Netherlands and South Korea.[13]
In 2003, Anita Roddick parted with her publisher HarperCollins, but despite this, planned to release two titles. She was advised that The Body Shop outlets would not stock the books, but that they would be made available through The Body Shop At Home.[21] That same year, Roddick predicted that the company's home sales would fuel growth, and eventually exceed the sales of retail outlets.[22]
In 2004, there were 3,500 home distributors in the United Kingdom, generating almost £25m in sales for the parent company.[23]
In 2014, the Mail reported that young people in Surrey were being targeted online by The Body Shop At Home distributors. The consultant would advertise "free parties", and then the teenagers would feel pressured to buy products. It was highlighted that The Body Shop's parent company L'Oreal, was a signatory to a voluntary pledge from the Advertising Association, prohibiting the use of people under 16 years of age in peer-to-peer marketing. The Body Shop responded that the home consultants are self-employed, but that teenagers were not actively targeted to be party hosts or work as consultants. The consultant in question claimed that the teenager's mother had agreed to the party and been present for the duration.[24]
In 2014, an unfair dismissal case ruled against The Body Shop (Adidem Pty Ltd T/A The Body Shop v Suckling [2014] FWCFB 3611). Nicole Suckling worked in an administrative support role for The Body Shop At Home, and began a role as an independent direct candle seller for company PartyLite. The Body Shop alleged that Suckling's access to their confidential contractual information could threaten The Body Shop's commercial interests.[25]
Social activism[edit]
The social activism dimension of the company first evidenced in 1986 when The Body Shop proposed an alliance with Greenpeace in the UK to save the whales. Roddick began launching other promotions tied to social causes, with much public and media interest. The Body Shop regularly featured posters on shop windows and sponsorship of local charity and community events. Over time, Roddick blossomed into a full-time critic of business in general and the cosmetic industry in particular, criticising what she considered the environmental insensitivity of the industry and traditional views of beauty, and aimed to change standard corporate practices[26] Roddick said: "For me, campaigning and good business is also about putting forward solutions, not just opposing destructive practices or human rights abuses".[27]
In 1997, Roddick launched a global campaign to raise self-esteem in women and against the media stereotyping of women. It focused on unreasonably skinny models in the context of rising numbers in bulimia and anorexia.
Community Trade (formerly Trade not Aid)[edit]
Launched in 1987, The Body Shop’s Community Trade programme based on the practice of trading with communities in need and giving them a fair price for natural ingredients or handcrafts, including brazil nut oil, sesame seed oil, honey, and shea butter. The first Community Trade product was a wooden footsie roller which was supplied by a small community in Southern India, Teddy Exports, which is still a key Community Trade supplier.[28]
The Body Shop now works with 29 suppliers in over 20 different countries, benefiting 25,000 people directly each year. The Body Shop aims to double this programme to 40 ingredients by 2020.
Criticism has been made of the programme by fair trade activists. "The company's prominently displayed claims claim to pay fairer prices to the Third World poor but covered less than a fraction of 1 percent of its turnover", wrote Paul Vallely, the former chair of Traidcraft, in the obituary of Anita Roddick published in The Independent.
Sometimes considered anti-capitalist or against globalisation,[by whom?] The Body Shop philosophy is in favour of international marketplaces.[contradictory] The chain uses its influence and profits for programmes such as Community Trade, aimed at enacting fair labour practices, safe working environments and pay equality. According to The Body Shop, 95% of the company's products contain community traded ingredients.
The Body Shop regularly invites employees and stakeholders to visit Community Trade suppliers to see the benefits that the Community Trade programme has brought to communities and The Body Shop products.[29]
The Body Shop does not export its products to China, because cosmetics sold in the country have to be tested on animals, according to Roddick.[30] However, The Body Shop has always sourced many of its baskets and other non cosmetic supplies from China.
As part of the Community Trade programme, The Body Shop undertakes periodic social audits of its sourcing activities through Ecocert Environment.[31]
A campaign by Christian Peacemaker Team and other allies protested the alleged role of The Body Shop in purchasing palm oil from Daabon, a third-party supplier in Colombia, who forcefully evicted 123 families from their land at Las Pavas, Columbia on 14 July 2009.[32][33] The Body Shop initially denied intentionally purchasing palm oil from the Las Pavas area [34], but later dropped Daabon as a supplier after the company failed to provide proof that it was not involved in the land seizures.[35][36][37]
Policy on animal testing[edit]
The Body Shop has campaigned to end animal testing in cosmetics alongside animal cruelty NGO Cruelty Free International since 1989. The company's products are non-animal tested and are certified cruelty-free by Cruelty Free International’s Leaping Bunny[38].
The Body Shop’s campaigning has led to many changes in law. The company’s campaign, Ban Animal Testing, launched in 1996 and led to a UK wide ban 8 years later. In 2013, the campaign launched as Against Animal Testing and made history when the EU banned animal testing in cosmetics, and marketing of any animal tested products.
In June 2017, The Body Shop and Cruelty Free International launched Forever Against Animal Testing, its largest ever campaign, aimed at banning animal testing in cosmetics everywhere and forever. The campaign aims to receive 8 million signatures which will be presented to the UN General Assembly, to call for a global ban on animal testing in cosmetics.
In October 2009, The Body Shop was awarded a 'Lifetime Achievement Award' by the RSPCA in Britain, in recognition of its uncompromised policy which ensures ingredients are not tested by its suppliers[39].
The Body Shop Foundation[edit]
The Roddicks founded The Body Shop Foundation in 1990, which supports innovative global projects working in the areas of human and civil rights and environmental and animal protection. It is The Body Shop International Plc's charitable trust funded by annual donations from the company and through various fundraising initiatives.[40] The Body Shop Foundation was formed to consolidate all the charitable donations made by the company. To date, The Body Shop Foundation has donated over £24 million sterling in grants. The Foundation regularly gives gift-in-kind support to various projects and organisations such as Children On The Edge (COTE).[41] Approximately 65% of the grants that the company funds come to nominations from the staff, consultants or franchisers attached to the company from all over the world.
In 2017, The Body Shop announced its new approach to corporate philanthropy, the World Bio-Bridges Mission (Re-Wilding the World), which aims to build 10 Bio-Bridges by 2020. The purpose of the World Bio-Bridges Mission is to enrich biodiversity around the world while creating truly sustainable supply chains where possible.[42]
Products[edit]
The Body Shop stand at New Zealand department store Farmers
The Body Shop carries a wide range of products for the body, face, hair and home. The Body Shop claims its products are "inspired by nature" and feature ingredients such as marula oil and sesame seed oil sourced through the Community Trade program.
In 2010, The Body Shop produced its first ECOCERT certified organic skincare line, Nutriganics. Following the launch of Nutriganics, The Body Shop reformulated their hair line to contain no colourants (Rainforest Hair Care), and produced a new line of deodorants that contain no aluminium salts, and use volcanic minerals as a substitute.
Products include:
Body Butters (including Moringa, Satsuma, Strawberry, Olive, Shea, Mango and Coconut)
Body products such as body scrub, body butter and bath lilies
Make Up (including mascara, lipstick, lip gloss, eye shadow and cotton rounds)
Full skin care ranges (including Tea tree, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Aloe vera and Seaweed)
Men's skin care (Including maca root and white musk)
Hair care (including their famous Banana shampoo and Banana conditioner)
Fragrances (Women's and Men's)
Bath products including shower gels and solid soaps
Controversies[edit]
The September 1994 investigative article "Shattered Image: Is The Body Shop Too Good to Be True?,[43] " written by Jon Entine and published in Business Ethics magazine, created an international controversy and led to dozens of stories in the international media, including articles on The New York Times' business section front page and on ABC World News Tonight. A flurry of news reports led to a temporary 50% drop in the market value of the stock of the company, which until that point had been considered a model "socially responsible" company.
Entine reported that Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop International in the UK, had stolen the name, store design, marketing concept and most product line ideas from The Body Shop[4][5][6] founded in 1970 in Berkeley, California by Peggy Short and Jane Saunders who started the French-style perfume store, where customers could do their own blending. Roddick subsequently fabricated her story of travelling around the world discovering exotic beauty ingredients. In 1989, Roddick purchased the US and Israeli rights to The Body Shop name, and the Berkeley-based chain of five stores renamed itself Body Time.
Roddick's unsubstantiated claims and inaccurate reports in popular articles and even some university case studies that Roddick's The Body Shop "gave most of its profits to charity", documents from Britain's Charity Commission showed that Roddick's company gave nothing to charity over its first 11 years and was penurious in its philanthropy thereafter. The Body Shop also faced millions of dollars in claims by disenchanted franchisees.
Entine referred to The Body Shop's marketing as "greenwashing," which was one of the first uses of that term. The article in Business Ethics (now defunct), which was cited with a National Press Club Award for Consumer Journalism in 1994, is still widely used in university business ethics classes and is generally credited with prompting companies claiming to be socially responsible to match their claims with operational practices and to increase transparency.
The "Shattered Image" article had originally been scheduled to be published as a 10,000 word feature in Vanity Fair earlier in 1994 but was dropped after legal threats by The Body Shop. The original article was eventually published in 2004 by The Nation Books in Killed: Great Journalism Too Hot to Print,[44] edited by David Wallis. Business Ethics, which had featured Roddick on its cover just the year before, subsequently agreed to print a much shorter version of the exposé.
In April 2013 it was revealed that The Body Shop was charging Irish consumers up to 33% more than their London counterparts.[45]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Schipani, Andres (27 June 2017). "L'Oréal sells The Body Shop to Natura Cosméticos". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "About Us".
Jump up ^ "Dame Anita Roddick". The Guardian Business. 10 September 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "History".
^ Jump up to: a b "Body Flop: Anita Roddick proclaimed that business could be caring as well as capitalist, by Jon Entine, The Globe and Mail Report on Business Magazine". Jonentine.com. 31 May 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Made In Berkeley: Berkeley's Body Time the Original Body Shop. Category: Features from". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dame Anita Roddick". Growing Business. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "L'Oreal buys Body Shop for £652m". The Independent. London. 17 March 2006. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
Jump up ^ The Guardian. Interview: Anita Roddick, Body Shop founder
Jump up ^ "Dame Anita Roddick dies aged 64". BBC News. 10 September 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
Jump up ^ About The Body Shop Story from Encyclopedia of Leadership, Volume 4. Books.google.com. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20050305142901/http://www.thebodyshopinternational.com/templates/global/images/ra98.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b Holland, Tiffany (5 April 2012). "New Body Shop boss talks for first time on brand revamp". Retail Week.
Jump up ^ "Body Shop targets homes". The Times (United Kingdom). 30 April 2004. p. 27.
Jump up ^ Repko, Melissa (12 June 2008). "Direct selling can pay off; A hobby for some is a business for others". Buffalo News. p. B7.
Jump up ^ Dabkowski, Stephen (20 October 1997). "A beauty business with more hope than hype". BRW. p. 70.
Jump up ^ Hepworth, Annabel (5 June 1998). "Belly dancing and tarot cards: learn on the job". The Australian Financial Review. p. 54.
Jump up ^ Theobald, Steven (20 February 2001). "Body Shop Canada avoids taking a bath --- Sales grow 6% as strategy here escapes U.K. woes". The Toronto Star. p. BU03.
Jump up ^ Groenestein, Catherine (11 October 2001). "Record turnout is anticipated". Daily News. p. 10.
Jump up ^ David, Rita (10 May 2002). "Body Shop to take direct shopping arm to Mexico". Retail Week. p. 6.
Jump up ^ Parkhouse, Sam (6 April 2003). "Anita and Annie to change the world". The Mail on Sunday.
Jump up ^ O'Donnell, John (15 June 2003). "Roddick to launch ethical fashion chain". The Sunday Times.
Jump up ^ "Financial fascists". Manchester Evening News. 30 April 2004.
Jump up ^ Sibary, Shona (10 July 2014). "How The Body Shop is cynically using children to push its products - by throwing them parties". Mail Online.
Jump up ^ Byrnes, Michael; Cheema, Sadaat. "The servant of two masters: Competing employees and poorly drafted restraints - Knowledge - Clayton Utz". www.claytonutz.com. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/links/bodycode.html
Jump up ^ "The Body Shop". The Body Shop. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Body Shop - Natural Products Inspired by Nature".
Jump up ^ "Nicola will be no stranger to fair trade (From This Is Cheshire)". Thisischeshire.co.uk. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "BBC: The Magazine Monitor". BBC News. 16 December 2005. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Body Shop Values Report". Archived from the original on 9 November 2006.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ [4]
Jump up ^ [5]
Jump up ^ [6]
Jump up ^ "Leaping Bunny Approved Brands". Leaping Bunny. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Leaping Bunny Approved Brands". Leaping Bunny. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Body Shop Foundation". The Body Shop Foundation. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Home". Children On The Edge. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "World Bio Bridges Mission | The Body Shop". www.thebodyshop.com. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Body Shop: Jon Entine writes on sustainability, corporate responsibility, DNA, race, and Jewish identity". Jonentine.com. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ ISBN 1-56025-581-1
Jump up ^ Kelleher, Lynne (2 April 2013). "Irish shoppers pay 33% more than London counterparts". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
External links[edit]
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Gathering of the Juggalos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gathering of the Juggalos
Genre
Hip Hop, Rock, Nü Metal, Horrorcore, Professional Wrestling
Dates
Varies annually
Location(s)
Novi, Michigan (2000)
Toledo, Ohio (2001)
Peoria, Illinois (2002)
Garrettsville, Ohio (2003–2005)
Pataskala, Ohio (2006)
Cave-In-Rock, Illinois (2007–2013)
Thornville, Ohio (2014–2016; 2018–present)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (2017)
Years active
2000–present
Founded by
Jumpsteady, Insane Clown Posse
Website
Official website
The Gathering of the Juggalos (The Gathering or GOTJ)[1] is an annual festival put on by Psychopathic Records, featuring performances by the entire label roster as well as numerous well-known musical groups and underground artists. It was founded by Jumpsteady, Insane Clown Posse (Joseph Bruce and Joseph Utsler), and their label in 2000. Described by Joseph Bruce as a "Juggalo Woodstock"[2] (Juggalo being a nickname for fans of the Insane Clown Posse), the Gathering of the Juggalos spans five days and includes concerts, wrestling, games, contests, autograph sessions, karaoke, and seminars with artists. Over its first eleven events, the festival has drawn a total attendance of about 107,500 fans.[3]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Early years (2000–2002)
1.2 Expansion and development (2003–2006)
1.3 Cave-In-Rock (2007–2013)
1.4 Legend Valley Ohio and Oklahoma City (2014-present)
2 Performers
3 Activities
4 Popular media
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
Early years (2000–2002)[edit]
The Gathering of the Juggalos was created in 2000 when Rob Bruce organized an event for all Juggalos, a concept long talked about by Insane Clown Posse. The first Gathering took place in Novi, Michigan at the Expo Center and lasted for two days, with over 7,000 fans in attendance.[2][4] The festival featured concert performances and wrestling hosted by Juggalo Championship Wrestling[2] While performing on the final night, Insane Clown Posse asked the Juggalos to join them onstage, and about 300 fans rushed onto the stage. After performing for almost 30 more minutes, the concert was abruptly stopped by the venue's management.[4]
Vanilla Ice has performed at most of the Gathering of the Juggalos events.
The second Gathering of the Juggalos was held in Toledo, Ohio at the Seagate Center for three days, with approximately 6,600 in attendance. Outside artists included Suicide Machines, Marz, Three 6 Mafia, Vanilla Ice, and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony.[2][5][6] Juggalo Championship wrestling hosted several matches, with the main event pitting Sabu against Vampiro for the JCW Heavyweight Championship.[2]
Like the previous year, hundreds of fans charged the main stage during Insane Clown Posse's performance. However, this time the group was forced to flee the stage before it collapsed. The festival was ended early, before the duo could reveal their Sixth Joker's Card.[5] The next day, local newspapers reported the rush as a "riot".
The third annual Gathering of the Juggalos was held in the Civic Center in Peoria, Illinois for four days, with over 8,000 in attendance.[7] Esham, Ghoultown, Mack 10, Primer 55, and Bubba Sparxxx were among the guest performers.[8] Bubba Sparxxx was booed offstage and has since left a mark on future Gatherings, as acts sharing similar fates have been said to receive the "Bubba Sparxxx award." Esham announced at the event that he had signed with Psychopathic Records. The Sixth Joker's Card was unveiled in two separate seminars, The Wraith: Shangri-La and Hell's Pit, given by Violent J.[9] The second seminar, detailing Insane Clown Posse's entire rise to fame, was captured on video and released with The Wraith: Shangri-La on DVD.
A riot occurred after police tried to stop female attendees from showing their breasts. The police released tear gas and pepper balls into the surrounding crowd, causing mass confusion. Psychopathic Record employees Rob Bruce and Alex Abbiss negotiated with police, and the festival continued after airing out for 30 minutes.[7]
Expansion and development (2003–2006)[edit]
In 2003, the Juggalo Gathering was held outdoors for the first time. The event took place at Nelson Ledges Quarry Park, known as "the Crystal Forest", near Garrettsville, Ohio in Nelson Township, and lasted five days.[10] It was also the first time the festival went on for 24 hours every day. Guest performers included Bushwick Bill, Dope, and Killah Priest.[10][11] In addition to the wrestling matches, Mad Man Pondo hosted Mad Man Pondo's Wrestling School.[11] Though multiple police were called to watch over the event by Garrettsville residents, the Gathering went off without any problems.[12]
Tech N9ne has become a staple performer of the festival since 2004.
The fifth annual Gathering of the Juggalos returned to Garrettsville the following year, with over 5,000 in attendance.[13] Ol' Dirty Bastard, Kurupt, Tech N9ne, and Wolfpac were among those who performed.[14] Kurupt got booed off the stage by the attendees, and retaliated by throwing a microphone into the audience. Bone Thugs-n-Harmony also re-united for the first time in several months by making a surprise performance on opening night. Juggalo Championship Wrestling hosted matches every day, and featured several established wrestlers.[15]
The Gathering of the Juggalos returned to Garrettsville for a third time in 2005. Guest performers included 2 Live Crew, Powerman 5000, Manntis, and Mini Kiss. Charlie Murphy was also brought in as one of the stand-up comedians. The Gathering hosted the final round of the Underground Psychos contest, in which the winner, Axe Murder Boyz, was signed to Psychopathic Records. Juggalo Championship Wrestling held the event "JCW vs. TNA" which pitted JCW wrestlers against TNA wrestlers.[16]
Quarry Park's owner, Evan Kelley, kicked the festival off his grounds later that year. He stated that, "Psychopathic Records broke some of the rules set down for the 2005 event, including blasting music all night long." He also explained that, "Drugs, alcohol, nudity, profanity and trash also became serious problems."[17]
The seventh annual Gathering of the Juggalos was set to take place in Brooklyn, Michigan, however, the board of Woodstock Township, Michigan denied the label the permits needed to hold the event. On April 18, Psychopathic Records announced that the Gathering would be held in Pataskala, Ohio at Frontier Ranch.[18] The festival featured over 100 bands. Those playing at the main and second stages included Drowning Pool, Digital Underground, Rehab, Too $hort, Intricate Unit, Bobaflex, and Vile.[19]
Cave-In-Rock (2007–2013)[edit]
Ice Cube was the opener for the tenth Gathering of the Juggalos.
Cave-In-Rock, Illinois hosted the eighth Gathering of the Juggalos at Hogrock Campgrounds, with over 8,000 fans attending the four-day event.[20] Like the previous year, over 100 bands were featured. Performances on the main and second stages included Ying Yang Twins, Necro, Haystak, Zug Izland, Prozak, Mushroomhead, and Insane Poetry. Comedians included Joey Gay. Bloodymania, the culmination of Juggalo Championship Wrestling's web show, SlamTV!, debuted at the event.[21] Anybody Killa was also announced to have signed back with Psychopathic Records.
Charlie Sheen hosted Saturday night's main stage at the 2011 event.
Cave-In-Rock, Illinois also hosted the ninth Gathering of the Juggalos included guest performances Afroman, Andrew W.K., Ice-T, and Bizarre.[22] Both Bloodymania II and the debut of Oddball Wrestling were presented by Juggalo Championship Wrestling. The Gathering was filmed by Psychopathic Video for the documentary A Family Underground, which was released on May 12, 2009.[23][24][25]
The tenth Gathering of the Juggalos had the largest attendance in Gathering history with over 20,000 people.[26] Over 120 musical artists performed at the event, including Ice Cube, Gwar, Coolio, and Scarface.[27] During their set, Insane Clown Posse debuted the songs "Juggalo Island" and "Bang! Pow! Boom!" from their then-upcoming album Bang! Pow! Boom![27] Juggalo Championship Wrestling hosted Bloodymania III, Oddball Wrestling, and Flashlight Wrestling.[28] Stand-up comedians included Jimmie Walker and Pauly Shore.[29] The trailer for Big Money Rustlas also premiered during the event, where it was screened twice.[30]
In honor of the Western comedy film Big Money Rustlas being released at the event, the eleventh Gathering of the Juggalos featured a "Best in the West" West Coast hip hop theme.[31] Guest performances include Naughty by Nature, Spice 1, Method Man & Redman, Above the Law, and Warren G.[31] A "Ladies' Night", hosted by Sugar Slam, featured performances by Kisa, Lil V, Ill E. Gal, and Tila Tequila.[31] Shaggy 2 Dope hosted "Shaggy's Old School Super Jam", featuring DJing by 2 Dope and performances by Tone Lōc and Rob Base.[31] Comedy was provided by Tom Green, Gallagher, and Ron Jeremy.[31] Five wrestling shows were booked for the event; Oddball Wrestling, Bloodymania IV, two Flashlight Wrestling events, and an event featuring the cast of Half Pint Brawlers.[31][32]
The twelfth event debuted the use of a celebrity host for each night's main stage with Dustin Diamond, Jumpsteady, Charlie Sheen, and Flavor Flav.[33] Guest acts included artists Busta Rhymes, Mystikal, Juvenile, Lil Jon, George Clinton and Parliament Funkadelic, Saliva, Ice Cube, Xzibit, and Paris.[34] All of the main stage performances, as well as the wrestling events Bloodymania 5 and Legends & Icons, were broadcast live on internet pay-per-view.[33] It was also announced that Vanilla Ice had signed with Psychopathic Records.[35]
The thirteenth annual gathering took place from August 8 through 12, 2012 at Cave-In-Rock and featured Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid, Psychopathic Rydas, Dark Lotus, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, ABK, comedian Ralphie May, DJ Clay, Mike E. Clark, and Cold 187 AKA Big Hutch. Some other guest artists and groups included Tech N9ne, The Pharcyde, Soulfly, Fear Factory, Cheech & Chong, Danny Brown, Slaine, ¡Mayday! & the Geto Boys. A volume of photographs by Daniel Cronin from the event has been published, showing predominantly the people attending the event, not the performers.[36]
The fourteenth annual gathering took place from August 7 through 11, 2013 at Cave-In-Rock. This was the final time the event was held at Cave-In-Rock.
Legend Valley Ohio and Oklahoma City (2014-present)[edit]
In February 2014, it was announced that the Gathering would be moving from its home at Cave-in-Rock to a family Campground in Kaiser, Missouri.[37] However, several local citizens vigorously protested the Gathering being held in this location and the event had to be moved once more. It was reported by Insane Clown Posse themselves that locals had started a petition to keep the Gathering out of their area and flooded the owners of the campground with angry phone calls.[38][39] Finally, a self-professed Juggalo referred to as Steve (who had previously been to the Gathering himself) contacted Psychopathic Records and offered the 120-acre Legend Valley as a place to host the event. Legend Valley (located in Thornville, Ohio) was officially chosen as the Gathering's venue for 2014. In a statement by Psychopathic Records in the February 28, 2014 edition of the Hatchet Herald, it was said that "Mere hours after the news begin spreading that Kaiser, Missouri would not welcome the Juggalo Family, we began receiving phone calls and emails from interested land owners and promoters who wanted to help ensure that the Gathering of the Juggalos found a home. One of the calls we got was from a down ass ninja named Steve who owns the Legend Valley. [...] Steve has actually been to the Gathering of the Juggalos before and is not buying into the media's portrayal of what the Gathering is because he has been there. He has expressed to us that he is super down to host the Gathering this year and has always found Juggalos to be cool ass people. He also believes in our fight alongside the ACLU to have Juggalos removed from the FBI gang list, which is still on the list as a "loosely organized hybrid gang" because their sorry ass case was thrown out of court in 2014.[40] In other words, he has our backs and is the perfect ninja we needed to ensure an awesome, trouble-free Gathering this year."[41][42]
Legend Valley, Ohio hosted the fifteenth annual Gathering of the Juggalos, which took place between July 23, 2014 and July 27, 2014.[43] Advertised as "Shangri-La on Earth", this Gathering has over 70 artists scheduled to perform, including the entire Psychopathic Records roster and several notable guests such as Twiztid, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Cypress Hill, Cannibal Corpse, Kottonmouth Kings, Tech N9ne, Da Mafia 6ix, and other artists. Also scheduled to perform are several comedians, including (most notably) Gilbert Gottfried. Three special parties are planned for the gathering: Kuma's Psychopathic All-Star Party, DJ Clay's Horney Nuts and Big Butts Party, and the Frothy Murder Mix Foam Party. Alongside all these events will be dance competitions, several contests, and Juggalo Championship Wrestling events (including JCW's Road to Bloodymania and Bloodymania 8), plus carnival rides, the annual ICP seminar, auctions, and more.[44][45] In addition, it was announced via the Insane Clown Posse's Twitter account that there was to be a new Dark Lotus album slated for the 2014 Gathering.[46]
It was announced at the Insane Clown Posse seminar at Legend Valley, they are pursuing the Gathering of the Juggalos to be held in Colorado in 2017. On April 11, 2017, Faygoluvers.net announced that GOTJ18 will be held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the Lost Lakes Amphitheater on July 26th through July 29th.[47] GOTJ19 will be returning to Legend Valley on July 18th-21st 2018.
Performers[edit]
Kottonmouth Kings performed at the first festival and numerous others since.
Main article: Gathering of the Juggalos lineups by year
Over the years, several hundred artists have performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos. Outside of the label's roster, regular performers include: Project Born, Kottonmouth Kings, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Vanilla Ice, Zug Izland, Esham, Natas, Tech N9ne, Wolfpac, 2 Live Crew, Rehab, Necro, Haystak, King Gordy, Brotha Lynch Hung, Prozak, Three 6 Mafia, Afroman, Bizarre, Big B, George Clinton and Parliament, Mack 10, Delusional, and Coolio.
Notable guest performances have included Bubba Sparxxx, Dope, Lil Wyte, Killah Priest, Bushwick Bill, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Kurupt, Powerman 5000, Digital Underground, Drowning Pool, Too $hort, Ying Yang Twins, Mushroomhead, Andrew W.K., Ice Cube, Gwar, Scarface, Naughty by Nature, Spice 1, Ralphie May, Method Man & Redman, Above the Law, Warren G, Tila Tequila, Tone Lōc, Rob Base, Busta Rhymes, Hopsin, Mystikal, Juvenile, Lil Jon, Saliva, Xzibit, Paris, Soulfly, Fear Factory, Static-X, P.O.D., Cheech & Chong, The Pharcyde, The Fat Boys, Millionaires, Kool Keith, Onyx, Danny Brown, Slaine, Master P, Raekwon, Swollen Members, DMIZE and Geto Boys.
Activities[edit]
In addition to musical concerts, the Gathering of the Juggalos features multiple activities. Throughout the site there are carnival rides, Midway Games, and helicopter rides.[48] Other events include Juggalo Karaoke, an Open mic, comedy, ladies oil wrestling, a wet T-shirt contest, a Ms. Juggalette competition, and Hog Daddy's Hellfire.[48] Autograph signings and seminars are held by Juggalo Championship Wrestling, Mike E. Clark, Axe Murder Boyz, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Anybody Killa, Boondox, Twiztid, and Insane Clown Posse.[48]
Several late night parties also occur, including Ladies Night hosted by Sugar Slam, Mike E. Clark's Murder Mix Party, DJ Clay's Bubble Houseparty, Shaggy's Old School Super Jam, and Violent J's Michael Jackson Moonwalk BBQ Blowout Pajama Jam.[48] Professional wrestling has been a prevalent feature of the event since its inception. Juggalo Championship Wrestling currently hosts JCW Try-Outs, Oddball Wrestling, Flashlight Wrestling, and Bloodymania at every Gathering event.[48]
Popular media[edit]
Psychopathic Records’ infomercial for the 2009 Gathering of the Juggalos was parodied on the television sketch comedy Saturday Night Live.[49] The sketch, titled "Kickspit Underground Rock Festival", aired on the December 5 edition of the show.[49] Joseph Bruce stated that he was not offended by the parody, and that he thought that the sketch was "hilarious" and "a humongous compliment".[49] The "Kickspit Underground Rock Festival" has since become a recurring series of sketches.[50]
Performer Tila Tequila was hit with bottles at the 2010 event, which resulted in coverage by numerous media outlets.[51][52][53][54] Tila claimed that she would sue Juggalo Gathering LLC, but never did.[51] In 2011, the hit television show Workaholics aired an episode called "Straight Up Juggahos".[55] The episode revolved around an Insane Clown Posse concert, which acted as a direct parody of the Gathering of the Juggalos.[55] In June 2011, comedy troupe Upright Citizens Brigade received a cease and desist from Insane Clown Posse for titling one of their performances "The Gathering Of The Juggalos For A Mother Fucking Baby Funeral."[56]
In an episode of The Simpsons titled The Saga of Carl, the character Carl wins the lottery alongside his friends Moe, Homer, and Lenny. After a deal was made to split the lottery money between the four friends, Carl abandoned the group, cashed in the money, and left Springfield. When the other three discovered this, they were enraged. Within the episode, after finding out that Carl had ditched them, Moe said that if he ever saw Carl again, he would "freeze him, chop him up into ice cubes, and scoop him into the urinal trough at the Gathering of the Juggalos."[57]
In 2013, the FilmDrunk Frotcast launched a successful Kickstarter campaign to create a documentary studying the Gathering from an outsider's perspective. The group consisted of photographer Ben Kaplan, comedian Matt Lieb, and film critics Vince Mancini and Laremy Legel. The film, titled Whoop Dreams, premiered in 2014 to decent reviews, and Mancini and Legel have written articles and essays about their experiences.[58]
In 2018 the mobile game ICP: The Gathering released for iOS and Google Play. The game lets you create your own Gathering of the Juggalos festival
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Edecio Martinez (2010-08-16). "Tila Tequila Attacked Video: Did Juggalos Throw Rocks, Feces?". CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Camille Dodero (2011-05-19). "Q&A: Workaholics Director Kyle Newacheck On Setting His Comedy Central Show At The Gathering Of The Juggalos". Village Voice, LLC. Archived from the original on 2011-05-28. Retrieved 2011-05-26.
Jump up ^ Sean O'Neal (June 20, 2011). "Insane Clown Posse puts a stop to Upright Citizens Brigade show mocking Juggalos". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Simpsons 5-19-13 gathering of the Juggalos". May 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Whoop Dreams". 6 September 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2018 – via www.imdb.com.
Further reading[edit]
Rabin, Nathan (2016). 7 Days In Ohio: Trump, the Gathering of the Juggalos and The Summer Everything Went Insane: If We Make It Through November Hugely Expanded Edition (Kindle ed.). Declan-Haven Books. ASIN B01LVV94LB.
External links[edit]
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