text:
Dian Fossey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Dian Fossey
Dian Fossey in November 1984
Born
(1932-01-16)January 16, 1932
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Died
c. December 26, 1985(1985-12-26) (aged 53)
Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Cause of death
Murder
Resting place
Karisoke Research Center
Citizenship
United States
Alma mater
College of Marin
San Jose State University (BA)
University of Cambridge (PhD)
Known for
Study and conservation of the mountain gorilla
Scientific career
Fields
Ethology
Primatology
Institutions
Karisoke Research Center
Cornell University
Thesis
The behaviour of the mountain gorilla (1976)
Doctoral advisor
Robert Hinde
Influences
Jane Goodall
Louis Leakey
George Schaller
Dian Fossey (/daɪˈæn ˈfɒsi/; January 16, 1932 – c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her death in 1985. She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by paleontologist Louis Leakey. Her 1983 book, Gorillas in the Mist, combines her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center with her own personal story. It was adapted into a 1988 film of the same name.[1]
Called one of the foremost primatologists in the world, Fossey, along with Jane Goodall and Birutė Galdikas, were the so-called Trimates, a group of three prominent researchers on primates (Fossey on gorillas; Goodall on common chimpanzees; and Galdikas on orangutans). The three were sent by Leakey to study great apes in their natural environments.[2][3]
During her time in Rwanda, she actively supported conservation efforts, strongly opposed poaching and tourism in wildlife habitats, and made more people acknowledge sapient gorillas. Fossey was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985. It has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 Education
1.2 Interest in Africa
1.3 Research in the Congo
2 Conservation work in Rwanda
2.1 Opposition to poaching
2.2 Opposition to tourism
2.3 Preservation of habitat
2.4 Digit Fund
3 Personal life
4 Death
4.1 Aftermath
5 Controversy
6 Scientific achievements
7 Legacy
7.1 Biographies
7.2 In media
8 Selected bibliography
8.1 Books
8.2 Scholarly articles
9 References
10 Sources
11 External links
Life and career[edit]
Fossey was born in San Francisco, California, the daughter of Kathryn "Kitty" (née Kidd), a fashion model, and George E. Fossey III, an insurance agent.[1] Her parents divorced when she was six.[4] Her mother remarried the following year, to businessman Richard Price. Her father tried to keep in full contact, but her mother discouraged it, and all contact was subsequently lost.[5] Fossey's stepfather, Richard Price, never treated her as his own child. He would not allow Fossey to sit at the dining room table with him or her mother during dinner meals.[6] A man adhering to strict discipline, Richard Price offered Fossey little to no emotional support.[7] Struggling with personal insecurity, Fossey turned to animals as a way to gain acceptance.[8] Her love for animals began with her first pet goldfish and continued throughout her entire life.[6] At age six, she began horse riding, earning a letter from her school; by her graduation in 1954, Fossey had established herself as an equestrienne.
Education[edit]
Educated at Lowell High School, following the guidance of her stepfather she enrolled in a business course at the College of Marin. However, spending her summer on a ranch in Montana at age 19 rekindled her love of animals, and she enrolled in a pre-veterinary course in biology at the University of California, Davis. In defiance to her stepfather's wishes that she attend a business school, Dian wanted to spend her professional life working with animals. As a consequence, Dian's parents failed to give her any substantial amount of financial support throughout her adult life.[6] She supported herself by working as a clerk at White Front (a department store), doing other clerking and laboratory work, and laboring as a machinist in a factory.
Although Fossey had always been an exemplary student, she had difficulties with basic sciences including chemistry and physics, and failed her second year of the program. She transferred to San Jose State College, where she became a member of Kappa Alpha Theta sorority, to study occupational therapy, receiving her bachelor's degree in 1954.[9] Initially following her college major, Fossey began a career in occupational therapy. She interned at various hospitals in California and worked with tuberculosis patients.[10] Fossey was originally a prizewinning equestrian, which drew her to Kentucky in 1955, and a year later took a job as an occupational therapist at the Kosair Crippled Children's Hospital in Louisville.[11]
Her shy and reserved personality allowed her to work well with the children at the hospital.[12] Fossey became close with her coworker Mary White "Gaynee" Henry, secretary to the hospital's chief administrator and the wife of one of the doctors, Michael J. Henry. The Henrys invited Fossey to join them on their family farm, where she worked with livestock on a daily basis and also experienced an inclusive family atmosphere that had been missing for most of her life.[5][13] During her free time she would pursue her love of horses.[14]
Interest in Africa[edit]
Fossey turned down an offer to join the Henrys on an African tour due to lack of finances,[5] but in 1963 she borrowed $8,000 (one year's salary), took out her life savings[15] and went on a seven-week visit to Africa.[4] In September 1963, she arrived in Nairobi, Kenya.[10] While there, she met actor William Holden, owner of Treetops Hotel,[4] who introduced her to her safari guide, John Alexander.[4] Alexander became her guide for the next seven weeks through Kenya, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Rhodesia. Alexander's route included visits to Tsavo, Africa's largest national park; the saline lake of Manyara, famous for attracting giant flocks of flamingos; and the Ngorongoro Crater, well known for its abundant wildlife.[10] The final two sites for her visit were Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania (the archeological site of Louis and Mary Leakey); and Mt. Mikeno in Congo, where in 1959, American zoologist George Schaller had carried out a yearlong pioneering study of the mountain gorilla. At Olduvai Gorge, Fossey met the Leakeys while they were examining the area for hominid fossils. Leakey talked to Fossey about the work of Jane Goodall and the importance of long-term research of the great apes.[10] Although she had broken her ankle while visiting the Leakeys,[10] by October 16, Fossey was staying in Walter Baumgartel's small hotel in Uganda, the Travellers Rest. Baumgartel, an advocate of gorilla conservation, was among the first to see the benefits that tourism could bring to the area, and he introduced Fossey to Kenyan wildlife photographers Joan and Alan Root. The couple agreed to allow Fossey and Alexander to camp behind their own camp, and it was during these few days that Fossey first encountered wild mountain gorillas.[10] After staying with friends in Rhodesia, Fossey returned home to Louisville to repay her loans. She published three articles in The Courier-Journal newspaper, detailing her visit to Africa.[4][10]
Research in the Congo[edit]
Gorilla mother with cub in Virunga National Park in the Congo
When Leakey made an appearance in Louisville while on a nationwide lecture tour, Fossey took the color supplements that had appeared about her African trip in The Courier-Journal to show to Leakey, who remembered her and her interest in mountain gorillas. Three years after the original safari, Leakey suggested that Fossey could undertake a long-term study of the gorillas in the same manner as Jane Goodall had with chimpanzees in Tanzania.[6] Leakey lined up funding for Fossey to research mountain gorillas, and Fossey left her job to relocate to Africa.[16]
After studying Swahili and auditing a class on primatology (the scientific study of primates) during the eight months it took to get her visa and funding, Fossey arrived in Nairobi in December 1966. With the help of Joan Root and Leakey, Fossey acquired the necessary provisions and an old canvas-topped Land Rover which she named "Lily". On the way to the Congo, Fossey visited the Gombe Stream Research Centre to meet Goodall and observe her research methods with chimpanzees.[10] Accompanied by photographer Alan Root, who helped her obtain work permits for the Virunga Mountains, Fossey began her field study at Kabara, in the Congo in early 1967, in the same meadow where Schaller had made his camp seven years earlier.[17] Root taught her basic gorilla tracking, and his tracker Sanwekwe later helped in Fossey's camp. Living in tents on mainly tinned produce, once a month Fossey would hike down the mountain to "Lily" and make the two-hour drive to the village of Kikumba to restock.[10]
Fossey identified three distinct groups in her study area, but could not get close to them. She eventually found that mimicking their actions and making grunting sounds assured them, together with submissive behavior and eating of the local celery plant.[17] She later attributed her success with habituating gorillas to her experience working as an occupational therapist with autistic children.[6] Like George Schaller, Fossey relied greatly on individual "noseprints" for identification, initially via sketching and later by camera.[10]
Fossey had arrived in the Congo in locally turbulent times. Known as the Belgian Congo until its independence in June 1960, unrest and rebellion plagued the new government until 1965, when Lieutenant General Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, by then commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country and declared himself president for five years during what is now called the Congo Crisis. During the political upheaval, a rebellion and battles took place in the Kivu Province. On July 9, 1967, soldiers arrived at the camp to escort Fossey and her research workers down, and she was interred at Rumangabo for two weeks. Fossey eventually escaped through bribery to Walter Baumgärtel's Travellers Rest Hotel in Kisoro, where her escort was arrested by the Ugandan military.[10][18] Advised by the Ugandan authorities not to return to Congo, after meeting Leakey in Nairobi, Fossey agreed with him against US Embassy advice to restart her study on the Rwandan side of the Virungas.[10] In Rwanda, Fossey had met local American expatriate Rosamond Carr, who introduced her to Belgian local Alyette DeMunck; DeMunck had a local's knowledge of Rwanda and offered to find Fossey a suitable site for study.[10]
Conservation work in Rwanda[edit]
Fossey established her research camp on the foothills of Mount Bisoke.
On September 24, 1967, Fossey founded the Karisoke Research Center, a remote rainforest camp nestled in Ruhengeri province in the saddle of two volcanoes. For the research center's name, Fossey used "Kari" for the first four letters of Mount Karisimbi that overlooked her camp from the south, and "soke" for the last four letters of Mount Bisoke, the slopes of which rose to the north, directly behind camp.[10] Established 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) up Mount Bisoke, the defined study area covered 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi).[19] She became known by locals as Nyirmachabelli, or Nyiramacibiri, roughly translated as "The woman who lives alone on the mountain."[20]
Unlike the gorillas from the Congo side of the Virungas, the Karisoke area gorillas had never been partially habituated by Schaller's study; they knew humans only as poachers, and it took longer for Fossey to be able to study the Karisoke gorillas at a close distance.[21]
Many research students left after not being able to handle the cold, dark, and extremely muddy conditions around Karisoke on the slopes of the Virunga Volcanoes, where paths usually had to be cut through six-foot-tall grass with a machete.[22]
Opposition to poaching[edit]
While hunting had been illegal in the national park of the Virunga Volcanoes in Rwanda since the 1920s, the law was rarely enforced by park conservators, who were often bribed by poachers and paid a salary less than Fossey's own African staff.[6] On three occasions, Fossey wrote that she witnessed the aftermath of the capture of infant gorillas at the behest of the park conservators for zoos; since gorillas will fight to the death to protect their young, the kidnappings would often result in up to 10 adult gorillas' deaths.[6] Through the Digit Fund, Fossey financed patrols to destroy poachers' traps in the Karisoke study area. In four months in 1979, the Fossey patrol consisting of four African staffers destroyed 987 poachers' traps in the research area's vicinity.[23] The official Rwandan national park guards, consisting of 24 staffers, did not eradicate any poachers' traps during the same period.[23] In the eastern portion of the park not patrolled by Fossey, poachers virtually eradicated all the park's elephants for ivory and killed more than a dozen gorillas.[23]
Fossey helped in the arrest of several poachers, some of whom served or are serving long prison sentences.[24]
In 1978, Fossey attempted to prevent the export of two young gorillas, Coco and Pucker, from Rwanda to the zoo in Cologne, Germany. During the capture of the infants at the behest of the Cologne Zoo and Rwandan park conservator, 20 adult gorillas had been killed.[25] The infant gorillas were given to Fossey by the park conservator of the Virunga Volcanoes for treatment of injuries suffered during their capture and captivity. With considerable effort, she restored them to some approximation of health. Over Fossey's objections, the gorillas were shipped to Cologne, where they lived nine years in captivity, both dying in the same month.[6] She viewed the holding of animals in "prison" (zoos) for the entertainment of people as unethical.[26]
While gorillas from rival gang groups on the mountains that were not part of Fossey's study had often been found poached five to ten at a time, and had spurred Fossey to conduct her own anti-poaching patrols, Fossey's study groups had not been direct victims of poaching until Fossey's favorite gorilla Digit was killed in 1978. Later that year, the silverback of Digit's Group 4, named for Fossey's Uncle Bert, was shot in the heart while trying to save his son, Kweli, from being seized by poachers cooperating with the Rwandan park conservator.[27] Kweli's mother, Macho, was also killed in the raid, but Kweli was not captured due to Uncle Bert's intervention; however, three-year-old Kweli died slowly and painfully of gangrene, from being brushed by a poacher's bullet.[26][27]
According to Fossey's letters, ORTPN (the Rwandan national park system), the World Wildlife Fund, African Wildlife Foundation, Fauna Preservation Society, the Mountain Gorilla Project and some of her former students tried to wrest control of the Karisoke research center from her for the purpose of tourism, by portraying her as unstable. In her last two years, Fossey claims not to have lost any gorillas to poachers; however, the Mountain Gorilla Project, which was supposed to patrol the Mount Sabyinyo area, tried to cover up gorilla deaths caused by poaching and diseases transmitted through tourists. Nevertheless, these organizations received most of the public donations directed toward gorilla conservation.[6] The public often believed their money would go to Fossey, who was struggling to finance her anti-poaching and bushmeat hunting patrols, while organizations collecting in her name put it into tourism projects and as she put it "to pay the airfare of so-called conservationists who will never go on anti-poaching patrols in their life." Fossey described the differing two philosophies as her own "active conservation" or the international conservation groups' "theoretical conservation."[24]
Opposition to tourism[edit]
Fossey strongly opposed wildlife tourism, as gorillas are very susceptible to human anthroponotic diseases like influenza for which they have no immunity. Fossey reported several cases in which gorillas died because of diseases spread by tourists. She also viewed tourism as an interference into their natural wild behavior.[6] Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior.[24]
Today, however, the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International promotes tourism, which they say helps to create a stable and sustainable local community dedicated to protecting the gorillas and their habitat.[28]
Preservation of habitat[edit]
Fossey is responsible for the revision of a European Community project that converted parkland into pyrethrum farms. Thanks to her efforts, the park boundary was lowered from the 3,000-meter line to the 2,500-meter line.[6]
Digit Fund[edit]
Main article: Digit Fund
The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International in Rwanda
Sometime during the day on New Year's Eve 1977, Fossey's favorite gorilla, Digit, was killed by poachers. As the sentry of study group 4, he defended the group against six poachers and their dogs, who ran across the gorilla study group while checking antelope traplines. Digit took five spear wounds in ferocious self-defence and managed to kill one of the poachers' dogs, allowing the other 13 members of his group to escape.[29] Poachers sell gorilla hands as delicacies, magic charms or to make ash trays.[30] Digit was decapitated, and his hands cut off for ashtrays, for the price of $20.[citation needed] After his mutilated body was discovered by research assistant Ian Redmond, Fossey's group captured one of the killers. He revealed the names of his five accomplices, three of whom were later imprisoned.[31]
Fossey subsequently created the Digit Fund (now the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International in the US)[32] to raise money for anti-poaching patrols.[26] In addition, a consortium of international gorilla funds arose to accept donations in light of Digit's death and increased attention on poaching.[27] Fossey mostly opposed the efforts of the international organizations, which she felt inefficiently directed their funds towards more equipment for Rwandan park officials, some of whom were alleged to have ordered some of the gorilla poachings in the first place.[27]
The deaths of some of her most studied gorillas caused Fossey to devote more of her attention to preventing poaching and less on scientific publishing and research.[27] Fossey became more intense in protecting the gorillas and began to employ more direct tactics: she and her staff cut animal traps almost as soon as they were set; frightened, captured and humiliated the poachers; held their cattle for ransom; burned their hunting camps and even mats from their houses.[4][better source needed] Fossey also constantly challenged the local officials to enforce the law and assist her.[citation needed]
Personal life[edit]
During her African safari, Fossey met Alexie Forrester, the brother of an African she had been dating in Louisville; Fossey and Forrester later became engaged. In her later years, Fossey became involved with National Geographic photographer Bob Campbell after a year of working together at Karisoke, with Campbell promising to leave his wife.[4] Eventually the pair grew apart through her dedication to the gorillas and Karisoke, along with his need to work further afield and on his marriage. In 1970, studying for her Ph.D. at Darwin College, University of Cambridge, she discovered she was pregnant and had an abortion, later commenting that "you can't be a cover girl for National Geographic magazine and be pregnant." She graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology in 1976.[4][not in citation given] Fossey had other relationships throughout the years and always had a love for children.[3] Since Fossey would rescue any abused or abandoned animal she saw in Africa or near Karisoke, she acquired a menagerie in the camp, including a monkey who lived in her cabin, Kima, and a dog, Cindy. Fossey held Christmas parties every year for her researchers, staffers, and their families, and she developed a genuine friendship with Jane Goodall.[33]
Fossey had been plagued by lung problems from an early age and, later in her life, suffered from advanced emphysema brought on by years of heavy cigarette smoking.[34][35] As the debilitating disease progressed—further aggravated by the high mountain altitude and damp climate—Fossey found it increasingly difficult to conduct field research, frequently suffering from shortness of breath and requiring the help of an oxygen tank when climbing or hiking long distances.[36]
Death[edit]
In the early morning of December 27, 1985, Fossey was discovered murdered in the bedroom of her cabin located at the far edge of the camp in the Virunga Mountains, Rwanda.[37] Her body was found face-up near the two beds where she slept, roughly 7 feet (2 m) away from a hole that her assailant(s) had apparently cut in the wall of the cabin. Wayne Richard McGuire, Fossey's last research assistant at Karisoke, was summoned to the scene by Fossey's house servant and found her bludgeoned to death, reporting that "when I reached down to check her vital signs, I saw her face had been split, diagonally, with one machete blow."[37] The cabin was littered with broken glass and overturned furniture, with a 9-mm handgun and ammunition beside her on the floor.[37] Robbery was not believed to be the motive for the crime, as Fossey's valuables were still in the cabin, including her passport, handguns, and thousands of dollars in U.S. bills and traveler's checks.[37][38]
The last entry in her diary read:[39]
When you realize the value of all life, you dwell less on what is past and concentrate more on the preservation of the future.
Fossey is buried at Karisoke,[40][41] in a site that she herself had constructed for her deceased gorilla friends. She was buried in the gorilla graveyard next to Digit, and near many gorillas killed by poachers. Memorial services were also held in New York, Washington, and California.[42]
A will purporting to be Fossey's bequeathed all of her estate (including the proceeds from the film Gorillas in the Mist) to the Digit Fund to underwrite anti-poaching patrols. Fossey did not mention her family in the will, which was unsigned. Her mother, Hazel Fossey Price, challenged the will and was successful.[6] Supreme Court Justice Swartwood threw out the will and awarded the estate to her mother, including about $4.9 million in royalties from a recent book and upcoming movie, stating that the document "was simply a draft of her purported will and not a will at all." Price said she was working on a project to preserve the work her daughter had done for the mountain gorillas in Rwanda, located in eastern central Africa south of Uganda.[43]
Aftermath[edit]
After Fossey's death, her entire staff were arrested. This included Rwandan Emmanuel Rwelekana, a tracker who had been fired from his job after he allegedly tried to kill Fossey with a machete, according to the government's account of McGuire's trial. All were later released except Rwelekana, who was later found dead in prison, supposedly having hanged himself.[6][44]
Rwandan courts later tried and convicted Wayne McGuire in absentia for her murder. The alleged motive was that McGuire murdered Fossey in order to steal the manuscript of the sequel to her 1983 book, Gorillas in the Mist. At the trial investigators said McGuire was not happy with his own research and wanted to use "any dishonest means possible" to complete his work. McGuire had returned to the United States in July 1987,[44] and because no extradition treaty exists between the U.S. and Rwanda, McGuire, whose guilt is still widely questioned, has not served his sentence.[6]
Following his return to the U.S., McGuire gave a brief statement at a news conference in Century City, Los Angeles, saying Fossey had been his "friend and mentor", calling her death "tragic" and the charges "outrageous".[45] Thereafter, McGuire was largely absent from public notice until 2005, when news broke that he had been accepted for a job with the Health and Human Services division of the State of Nebraska. The job offer was revoked upon discovery of his relation to the Fossey case.[46]
Several subsequent books, including Farley Mowat's biography of Fossey, Woman in the Mists (New York, NY: Warner Books, 1987), have suggested alternate theories regarding her murder including intimations that she may have been killed by financial interests linked to tourism or illicit trade.
Controversy[edit]
Fossey was reported to have captured and held Rwandans whom she suspected of poaching. She allegedly beat a poacher's testicles with stinging nettles.[47] After her murder, Fossey's National Geographic editor, Mary Smith, told Shlachter that on visits to the United States, Fossey would "load up on firecrackers, cheap toys and magic tricks as part of her method to mystify the (Africans) -- hold them at bay."[48]
Writing in The Wall Street Journal in 2002, Tunku Varadarajan described Fossey at the end of her life as colorful, controversial, and "a racist alcoholic who regarded her gorillas as better than the African people who lived around them."[4][49]
Scientific achievements [edit]
Fossey made discoveries about gorillas including how females transfer from group to group over the decades, gorilla vocalization, hierarchies and social relationships among groups, rare infanticide, gorilla diet, and how gorillas recycle nutrients.[50] Fossey's research was funded by the Wilkie Foundation and the Leakey Home, with primary funding from the National Geographic Society.[51]
By 1980, Fossey, who had obtained her PhD at Cambridge University in the UK, was recognized as the world's leading authority on the physiology and behavior of mountain gorillas, defining gorillas as being "dignified, highly social, gentle giants, with individual personalities, and strong family relationships."[5] Fossey lectured as professor at Cornell University in 1981–83. Her bestselling book Gorillas in the Mist was praised by Nikolaas Tinbergen, the Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who won the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Her book remains the best-selling book about gorillas.[6]
Legacy[edit]
After her death, Fossey's Digit Fund in the US was renamed the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International.[52] The Karisoke Research Center is operated by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, and continues the daily gorilla monitoring and protection that she started.
Shirley McGreal, a friend of Fossey,[53] continues to work for the protection of primates through the work of her International Primate Protection League (IPPL) one of the few wildlife organizations that according to Fossey effectively promotes "active conservation".
Between Fossey's death and the 1994 Rwandan genocide, Karisoke was directed by former students, some of whom had opposed her.[6] During the genocide and subsequent period of insecurity, the camp was completely looted and destroyed. Today only remnants are left of her cabin. During the civil war, the Virunga National Park was filled with refugees, and illegal logging destroyed vast areas.
The Rwandan people adapted the traditional household baby naming ceremony Kwita Izina to use with the gorillas.
Her 82nd birthday in 2014 was marked by a Google Doodle appearing on its search homepage worldwide.[54]
Biographies[edit]
Mowat's Virunga, whose British and U.S. editions are called Woman in the Mists: The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa, was the first book-length biography of Fossey, and it serves as an insightful counterweight to the many omissions in Fossey's own story, being derived from Fossey's actual letters and entries in her journals. Harold Hayes's book The Dark Romance of Dian Fossey was published in 1989 after extensive interviews with people who lived and worked with Fossey. Haye's book shows Fossey in a less positive or romanticized light than previous accounts had done. The film Gorillas in the Mist was based on Hayes' 1987 article in Life magazine, as cited in the film's credits, instead of Fossey's self-edited autobiography by that title.
No One Loved Gorillas More (2005) was written by Camilla de la Bedoyere and published by National Geographic in the United States and Palazzo Editions in the United Kingdom. Gorilla Dreams: The Legacy of Dian Fossey was written by the investigative journalist Georgianne Nienaber and published in 2006. This account of Fossey's story is told as if in her own words from beyond the grave. Fossey is also prominently featured in a book by Vanity Fair journalist Alex Shoumatoff called African Madness, in which the author expands on Fossey's controversial behaviors, implying that Fossey provoked her own murder by way of her private and public inflammatory interactions with people. The author also wrote a lengthy article titled "The Fatal Obsession of Dian Fossey".[55]
A Forest in the Clouds: My Year among the Mountain Gorillas in the Remote Enclave of Dian Fossey, by John Fowler, is a first-person account from inside Dian Fossey's camp. The author gives a candid and vivid portrait of Fossey's mercurial personality, her ill treatment of staff and research students, and her alcohol-fueled tirades. The book also shows the daily workings of camp, Fossey's dependence on her students and the movement to remove her from Karisoke years before her brutal murder.[56]
In media[edit]
The Kentucky Opera Visions Program, in Louisville, has written an opera about Fossey, entitled Nyiramachabelli; it premiered on May 23, 2006.
Universal Studios bought the film rights to Gorillas in the Mist from Fossey in 1985, and Warner Bros. Studios bought the rights to the Hayes article, despite its having been severely criticized by Rosamond Carr. As a result of a legal battle between the two studios, a co-production was arranged. Portions of the story and the Hayes article were adapted for the film Gorillas in the Mist, starring Sigourney Weaver. The book covers Fossey's scientific career in great detail and omits material on her personal life, such as her affair with photographer Bob Campbell. In the film, the affair with Campbell (played by Bryan Brown) forms a major subplot. The Hayes article preceding the movie portrayed Fossey as a woman obsessed with gorillas, who would stop at nothing to protect them. The film includes scenes of Fossey's ruthless dealings with poachers, including a scene in which she sets fire to a poacher's home.
In the 2011 BBC documentary All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace, Adam Curtis uses Fossey as a symbol of the ideology of ecology, a balance of nature and western post-colonial political exploits in Africa.
In December 2017, Dian Fossey: Secrets in the Mist, a three-hour series, aired on the National Geographic Channel, The series tells the story of Fossey's life, work, murder and legacy, using archive footage and still images, interviews with people who knew and worked with her, specially shot footage and reconstruction.[57]
Selected bibliography[edit]
Books[edit]
—— (1983). Gorillas in the Mist. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 9780395282175. OCLC 9132014.
—— (1972). "Living with mountain gorillas". In Allen, Thomas. The marvels of animal behavior. Washington: National Geographic Society. pp. 208–229. ISBN 9780870441059. OCLC 694851776.
——; Harcourt, A.H. (1977). Brock, T. H., ed. Primate ecology : studies of feeding and ranging behaviour in lemurs, monkeys, and apes. London New York: Academic Press. pp. 415–447. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-176850-8.50019-6. ISBN 9780323143899. OCLC 682070368, 7332815836.
—— (1979). Hamburg, David A.; McCown, Elizabeth R, eds. The Great apes. Menlo Park, Calif: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. pp. 139–186. ISBN 9780805336696. OCLC 398030913.
—— A Forest in the Clouds: My Year Among the Mountain Gorillas in the Remote Enclave of Dian Fossey |John Fowler |Pegasus Books |ISBN 978-1-68177-633-0
Scholarly articles[edit]
—— (Summer 1982). "An amiable giant: Fuertes's gorilla". The Living bird: 21–22. ISSN 0459-6137. OCLC 1783015.
—— (1982). "Mountain gorilla research, 1974". Research reports - National Geographic Society. Washington, DC. 14: 243–258. ISSN 0077-4626. OCLC 1586425.
—— (1980). "Mountain gorilla research, 1971–1972". Projects. Research reports - National Geographic Society 1971. Washington, DC. 12: 237–255. ISSN 0077-4626. OCLC 1586425.
—— (1978). "Mountain gorilla research, 1969–1970". Projects. Research reports - National Geographic Society 1969. Washington, DC. 11: 173–176. ISSN 0077-4626. OCLC 1586425.
—— (1976). The Behaviour of the Mountain Gorilla (Thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 60364345, 500444186.
—— (August 1974). "Observations on the home range of one group of mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringel)". Animal Behaviour. 22 (3): 568–581. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(74)80002-3. ISSN 0003-3472. OCLC 191252756. (Subscription required (help)).
—— (March 1972). "Vocalizations of the mountain Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei)". Animal Behaviour. 20 (1): 36–53. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(72)80171-4. ISSN 0003-3472. OCLC 191252756. (Subscription required (help)).
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 5. Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. pp. 220-1. ISBN 0-674-01488-X.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Nan (May 1981). "Three Who Have Chosen a Life in the Wild". B. The New York Times. p. 4.
^ Jump up to: a b Willis, Delta (July 15, 1990). "Some Primates Weren't Meant To Be Trusted". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Karisoke Revisited - A Study of Dian Fossey". innominatesociety.com. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Dian Fossey". Webster.edu. Archived from the original on 2009-12-05. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Mowat, Farley. Woman in the Mists: The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1987.
Jump up ^ Washam, Cynthia. "Fossey, Dian." Environmental Encyclopedia. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2011. 701-703. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 28 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Fossey, Dian." The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. Ed. Kenneth T. Jackson, Karen Markoe, and Arnold Markoe. Vol. 1: 1981–1985. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. 294-296. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 28 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Notable Thetas - Heritage - Kappa Alpha Theta". Retrieved 29 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Dian Fossey – Biography". The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. Archived from the original on June 20, 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Washam, Cynthia (2011). Environmental Encyclopedia (4 ed.). Detroit. pp. 701–703.
Jump up ^ Jackson, Kenneth (1998). The Scribener Encyclopedia. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 294–296.
Jump up ^ Kenneth T. Jackson; Karen Markoe; Arnold Markoe, eds. (1998). The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 294.
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of World Biography (2 ed.). Detroit. 2004. pp. 23–24.
Jump up ^ McPherson, Angie. "Zoologist Dian Fossey: A storied life with gorillas". National Geographic. National Geographic. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Kenneth T. Jackson; Karen Markoe; Arnold Markoe, eds. (1998). The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 294–296.
^ Jump up to: a b Montgomery, p. 136
Jump up ^ "About Dian Fossey - Info about the Life of Dian Fossey". Gorillafund.org. 2013-11-16. Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2014-01-16.
Jump up ^ "Dian Fossey text". National Geographic. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ Montgomery, p. 130
Jump up ^ Montgomery, p. 138
Jump up ^ Montgomery, pp. 131–2
^ Jump up to: a b c Mowat, p. 223
^ Jump up to: a b c Mowat, pp. 174–5
Jump up ^ Mowat, pp. 74–8
^ Jump up to: a b c Fossey, Dian : Gorillas in the Mist. 1983
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mowat, pp. 187–190
Jump up ^ "Visit Gorillas - The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International". Retrieved 29 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dian Fossey text - P5". National Geographic. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ Goodavage, Maria (18 October 2012). "Gorilla Poaching: The Sad, Savage Reality". Take Part. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dian Fossey text - P6". National Geographic. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ This organization is unaffiliated with the Gorilla Organization in the UK, which uses Dian's name although it no longer funded her work after Digit's death.
Jump up ^ Mowat, pp. 269
Jump up ^ "Gorillas' Protector on the Hunt for Poachers". The Palm Beach Post. October 24, 1985. p. B8. A tall Californian, Fossey has emphysema. Nonetheless, she chain-smokes the local Impala brand of cigarettes. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Naturalist Dian Fossey Slain at Camp in Rwanda—American Was Expert on Mountain Gorillas; Assailants Hunted". Los Angeles Times. December 29, 1985.
Jump up ^ Nienaber, Georgianne (April 14, 2006). "In Search of Dian Fossey's Ghost: a "Gorillas in the Mist" Pilgrimage". articlesengine.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brower, Montgomery (February 1986). "The Strange Death of Dian Fossey". People.
Jump up ^ "Dian Fossey: The woman who lived with gorillas". BBC News. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dian Fossey". dian-fossey.com. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ Salak, Kira. "PLACES OF DARKNESS: AFRICA'S MOUNTAIN GORILLAS". National Geographic Adventure.
Jump up ^ Salak, Kira. "Photos from "PLACES OF DARKNESS: AFRICA'S MOUNTAIN GORILLAS"". National Geographic Adventure.
Jump up ^ Montgomery, pp. 162–3
Jump up ^ AP News Report. (January 15, 1988). Ruling On Fossey's Will'
^ Jump up to: a b Kraft, Scott (1986-12-19). "American Found Guilty in Absentia of Rwanda Killing of Gorilla Expert Fossey". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
Jump up ^ Eric Malnic (30 August 1986). "Suspect Denies Killing Famous Naturalist; Conspiracy Hinted". LA Times. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Job Offer Rescinded". WOWT. 14 March 2005. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Washington Post, Gorillas in the mist film review Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Shlachter, Barry. "A Neighborhood Feud? The strange life and gruesome death of Dian Fossey", July 8, 1986, Boston Phoenix
Jump up ^ Tunku VaradarajanTunku Varadarajan (2002-03-04). "Giants of the Jungle". Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 2014-01-16.
Jump up ^ Montgomery, p. 149
Jump up ^ Mowat, pp. 200–1
Jump up ^ "Dian Fossey's legacy". Biography. The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Nienaber, Georgianne (2006). Gorilla Dreams: The Legacy of Dian Fossey. Lincoln: iUniverse. ISBN 059537669X.
Jump up ^ "Google Doodle wishes Gorilla Expert Dian Fossey a Happy Birthday". Retrieved 15 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Shoumatoff, Alex (September 1986). "The Fatal Obsession of Dian Fossey". Vanity Fair.
Jump up ^ Fowler, John (2018). A forest in the clouds : my year among the mountain gorillas in the remote enclave of Dian Fossey. New York: Pegasus Books. ISBN 9781681776330. OCLC 1022267461.
Jump up ^ "NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Dian Fossey: Secrets In The Mist". National Geographic TV. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
Sources[edit]
Mowat, Farley (1987). Woman in the Mists: The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa. New York, NY: Warner Books. p. 380. ISBN 0-446-51360-1.
Montgomery, Sy (1991). Walking with the Great Apes. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 280. ISBN 0395515971.
External links[edit]
Dian Fossey on IMDb
Dian Fossey at Find a Grave
Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International
International Primate Protection League
Fossey's first article for National Geographic, 1970
January 1970 article by Fossey in National Geographic - with pictures
Murder in the Mist solved? Animal Welfare Institute Quarterly
This article gives some information about the degradation of Dian's relationship with National Geographic Society prior to her death
show
v
t
e
Ape-related articles
Extant ape species
Human (Homo sapiens)
Chimpanzee (Pan spp.)
Bonobo (Pan paniscus)
Common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Gorilla (Gorilla spp.)
Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei)
Orangutan (Pongo spp.)
Bornean orangutan (Pongo abelii)
Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis)
Gibbon (family: Hylobatidae)
Study of apes
Ape language
Dian Fossey
Birutė Galdikas
Jane Goodall
Chimpanzee genome project
Human genome project
Neanderthal genome project
Willie Smits
Lone Drøscher Nielsen
Ian Redmond
Elgin Center
Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary
Borneo Orangutan Survival
Legal and social status
Personhood
Research ban
Kinshasa Declaration
Great Ape Project
Survival Project
International Primate Day
See also
List of individual apes (non-human)
Apes in space (non-human)
Bigfoot
Bushmeat
Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
List of fictional primates (non-human)
Great apes
Human evolution
Monkey Day
Mythic humanoids
Yeren
Yeti
show
v
t
e
Ethology
Branches
Animal cognition
Animal communication
Animal consciousness
Animal culture
Animal sexual behaviour
Animal welfare science
Anthrozoology
Bee learning and communication
Behavioural ecology
Behavioural genetics
Cognitive ethology
Comparative psychology
Emotion in animals
Evolutionary neuroscience
Human ethology
Instinct
Learning
Neuroethology
Pain in animals
Sociobiology
Tool use by animals
Zoosemiotics
Zoomusicology
Ethologists
Patrick Bateson
Marc Bekoff
Donald Broom
Charles Darwin
Marian Dawkins
Richard Dawkins
Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
Dian Fossey
Karl von Frisch
Jane Goodall
Heini Hediger
Julian Huxley
Konrad Lorenz
Desmond Morris
Thomas Sebeok
William Homan Thorpe
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Jakob von Uexküll
Wolfgang Wickler
E. O. Wilson
Solly Zuckerman
Societies
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
International Society for Applied Ethology
Journals
Animal Behaviour
Animal Cognition
Animal Welfare
Behavioral Ecology
Behaviour
Related topics
Animals portal
Biology portal
Ethology (category)
show
v
t
e
Extant species of family Hominidae (great apes)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Hominidae
Ponginae
Pongo
(Orangutans)
Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus)
Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii)
Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis)
Homininae
Gorilla
(Gorillas)
Western gorilla (G. gorilla)
Eastern gorilla (G. beringei)
Hominini
Pan
(Chimpanzees)
Common chimpanzee (P. troglodytes)
Bonobo (P. paniscus)
Homo
(Humans)
Human
H. s. sapiens
Category
Primates portal
Mammals portal
Animals portal
Biology portal
Trees portal
Forestry portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BIBSYS: 90201469
BNF: cb12015276n (data)
CiNii: DA00994286
GND: 118843427
ISNI: 0000 0000 7359 7224
LCCN: n80118332
NDL: 00439892
NKC: xx0062523
NLA: 36577319
SNAC: w6f8101f
SUDOC: 02953044X
VIAF: 44310111
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&oldid=846500881"
Categories:
1932 births
1985 deaths
1985 in Rwanda
20th-century American scientists
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American writers
20th-century American zoologists
20th-century women scientists
Alumni of Darwin College, Cambridge
American anthropologists
American mammalogists
American people murdered abroad
American science writers
American women anthropologists
American women scientists
College of Marin alumni
Deaths by blade weapons
Ethologists
Kentucky women activists
Kentucky women scientists
Murder in 1985
Murdered American scientists
Murdered animal activists
People from San Francisco
People murdered in Rwanda
Primatologists
San Jose State University alumni
Scientists from California
University of California, Davis alumni
Unsolved murders in Rwanda
Women ethologists
Women mammalogists
Women primatologists
Writers about Africa
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from September 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Pages to import images to Wikidata
Articles with hCards
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from September 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from August 2017
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Беларуская
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Magyar
മലയാളം
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
Scots
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
44 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 June 2018, at 04:27 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: span

values:
/wiki/Joseph-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Mobutu
mw-redirect
Joseph-Désiré Mobutu

values: Edit section: Conservation work in Rwanda

values:
/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoes
mw-redirect
Virunga Volcanoes

values:
/wiki/Cologne,_Germany
mw-redirect
Cologne, Germany

values:
/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund
mw-redirect
World Wildlife Fund

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)

values: The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2017)

values:
/wiki/Government_of_Nebraska
mw-redirect
Government of Nebraska

values:
/wiki/Cambridge_University
mw-redirect
Cambridge University

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values:
/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios
mw-redirect
Warner Bros. Studios

values: All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace (TV series)

values:
/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel
mw-redirect
National Geographic Channel

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/9132014

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/694851776

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/682070368

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/398030913

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0459-6137

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1783015

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0077-4626

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1586425

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60364345

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/500444186

values: closed access publication – behind paywall

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-3472

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/191252756

values: The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.

values:
nofollow
http://www.gorillafund.org/dian_fossey/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://gorillafund.org/travel

values:
nofollow
http://www.dian-fossey.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.kirasalak.com/Darkness.html

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035

values:
nofollow
external text
http://gorillafund.org

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1022267461

values: -moz-column-width: 21em; -webkit-column-width: 21em; column-width: 21em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0287638/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.gorillafund.org/
external text

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Iowa_Primate_Learning_Sanctuary
mw-redirect
Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Solly_Zuckerman
mw-redirect
Solly Zuckerman

values: Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour

values: International Society for Applied Ethology

values:
*_Kingdom:_Animalia
*_Phylum:_Chordata
*_Class:_Mammalia
*_Order:_Primates
*_Suborder:_Haplorhini

values: Pongo(Orangutans) row navbox-group width:7.5em

values:
/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human
mw-redirect
Anatomically modern human

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/118843427

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000073597224

values:
nofollow
external text
https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36577319

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/02953044X

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/44310111

values: Category:20th-century American women writers

values: Category:Alumni of Darwin College, Cambridge

values: Category:American people murdered abroad

values: Category:San Jose State University alumni

values: Category:University of California, Davis alumni

values: Category:Writers from Louisville, Kentucky

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Pages to import images to Wikidata

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from September 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017

values: Category:All articles with failed verification

values: Category:Articles with failed verification from August 2017

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Dian_Fossey
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: ديان فوسي – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: ডাইয়্যান ফশি – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: داین فوسی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 다이앤 포시 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Դայան Ֆոսսի – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: דיאן פוסי – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: დაიან ფოსი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: ഡയാൻ ഫോസി – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: ダイアン・フォッシー – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Фосси, Дайан – Russian

values: Фосси Дайан – Sakha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values: ඩයන් ෆොසී – Sinhala

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-si
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Дајан Фоси – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: டயேன் ஃபாசி – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: ไดแอน ฟอสซีย์ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Даян Фоссі – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Dian_Fossey rootpage-Dian_Fossey skin-vector action-view


text:
Good Will Hunting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Good Will Hunting
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Gus Van Sant
Produced by
Lawrence Bender
Written by
Matt Damon
Ben Affleck
Starring
Robin Williams
Matt Damon
Ben Affleck
Stellan Skarsgård
Minnie Driver
Music by
Danny Elfman
Cinematography
Jean-Yves Escoffier
Edited by
Pietro Scalia
Production
company
Lawrence Bender Productions
Distributed by
Miramax Films
Release date
December 2, 1997 (1997-12-02) (Bruin Theater)
December 5, 1997 (1997-12-05) (United States)
Running time
126 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10 million[1]
Box office
$225.9 million[2]
Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon (and with Damon in the title role), the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future.
The film received positive reviews and was a financial success. It grossed over US$225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $10 million budget. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture, and won two: Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon.
In 2014, it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporter's "100 Favorite Films" list.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Mathematics
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Filming
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Awards and accolades
6 Soundtrack
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan. When Professor Gerald Lambeau posts a difficult math problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the students and Lambeau. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Will flees when Lambeau catches him writing the solution on the blackboard late at night. At a bar, Will meets Skylar, a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford.
The next day, Will and his friends fight a gang; the police arrest Will. Lambeau sits in on his court appearance and watches Will defend. He arranges for him to forgo jail time if he agrees to study mathematics under Lambeau's supervision and participate in therapy sessions. Will tentatively agrees, but treats his first few therapists with mockery. In desperation, Lambeau calls on Dr. Sean Maguire, his college roommate, who now teaches psychology at Bunker Hill Community College. Unlike other therapists, Sean actually challenges Will's defense mechanisms, and after a few unproductive sessions, Will begins to open up.
Will is particularly struck by Sean's story of how he met his wife by giving up his ticket to the historic game six of the 1975 World Series, after falling in love at first sight. Sean does not regret his decision, even though his wife died of cancer. This encourages Will to build a relationship with Skylar, though he lies to her about his past and is reluctant to introduce her to his friends or show her his rundown neighborhood. Will also challenges Sean to take an objective look at his own life, since Sean cannot move on from his wife's death.
Lambeau sets up a number of job interviews for Will, but Will scorns them by sending Chuckie as his "chief negotiator", and by turning down a position at the NSA with a scathing critique of the agency's moral position. Skylar asks Will to move to California with her, but he refuses and tells her he is an orphan, and that his foster father physically abused him. Will breaks up with Skylar and later storms out on Lambeau, dismissing the mathematical research he has been doing. Sean points out that Will is so adept at anticipating future failure in his interpersonal relationships that he deliberately sabotages them in order to avoid emotional pain.
Will walks in on a heated argument between Sean and Lambeau over his potential. Sean and Will share and find out that they were both victims of child abuse. Sean helps Will to see that he is a victim of his own inner demons and to accept that it is not his fault, causing him to break down in tears. Will accepts one of the job offers arranged by Lambeau. Having helped Will overcome his problems, Sean reconciles with Lambeau and takes a sabbatical to travel the world. When Will's friends present him with a rebuilt Chevrolet Nova for his twenty-first birthday, he decides to pass on his job offer and drive to California to reunite with Skylar. Some time later, Chuckie goes to Will's house to pick him up, only to find that he is not there, much to his happiness.
Cast[edit]
Matt Damon as Will Hunting
Robin Williams as Sean Maguire
Ben Affleck as Chuckie Sullivan
Stellan Skarsgård as Professor Gerald Lambeau
Minnie Driver as Skylar
Casey Affleck as Morgan O'Mally
Cole Hauser as Billy McBride
John Mighton as Tom
Scott William Winters as Clark
Jimmy Flynn as Judge George H. Malone
Christopher Britton as Executive #2
Alison Folland as MIT Student
George Plimpton as Henry Lipkin
Mathematics[edit]
Patrick O'Donnell, professor of physics at University of Toronto, served as mathematical consultant for the film production.[4]
A turning point in the plot occurs when Will chalks up the adjacency matrix
( 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0&1&0&1\\1&0&2&1\\0&2&0&0\\1&1&0&0\end{pmatrix}}} and its cube
( 2 7 2 3 7 2 12 7 2 12 0 2 3 7 2 2 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}2&7&2&3\\7&2&12&7\\2&12&0&2\\3&7&2&2\end{pmatrix}}}
as the answer to a challenging problem based on a graph posted by Professor Lambeau.[5]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Matt Damon originally started writing the film as a final assignment for a playwriting class he was taking at Harvard University.[6] Instead of writing a one-act play, Damon submitted a 40-page script.[6] He wrote his girlfriend at that time, medical student Skylar Satenstein (credited in the closing credits of the film), into his script.[7] He then came to Ben Affleck and asked him to develop the screenplay together, and the two completed the script in 1994.[6] At first, it was written as a thriller about a young man in the rough-and-tumble streets of South Boston who possesses a superior intelligence and is targeted by the FBI to become a G-Man.[citation needed] Castle Rock Entertainment president Rob Reiner later urged them to drop the thriller aspect of the story and to focus on the relationship between Will Hunting (Damon) and his psychologist (Robin Williams). At Reiner's request, screenwriter William Goldman read the script and further suggested that the film's climax ought to be Will's decision to follow his girlfriend Skylar to California. Goldman has consistently denied the persistent rumor that he wrote Good Will Hunting or acted as a script doctor. In his book Which Lie Did I Tell?, Goldman jokingly writes, "I did not just doctor it. I wrote the whole thing from scratch," before dismissing the rumor as false.[8]
Castle Rock bought the script for $675,000 against $775,000, meaning that Damon and Affleck would stand to earn an additional $100,000 if the film was produced and they retained sole writing credit. However, studios balked at the idea of Affleck and Damon in the lead roles, with many studio executives stating that they wanted Brad Pitt and Leonardo DiCaprio.[citation needed] At the time Damon and Affleck were meeting at Castle Rock, Kevin Smith was working with Affleck on Mallrats and with both Damon and Affleck on Chasing Amy.[9] Castle Rock put the script in turnaround, and gave Damon and Affleck 30 days to find another buyer for the script who would reimburse Castle Rock the money paid, otherwise the script reverted to the studio, and Damon and Affleck would be out. All the studios that were involved in the original bidding war for the screenplay now each turned the pair down, taking meetings with Affleck and Damon only to tell them this to their face. As a last resort, Affleck passed the script to his Chasing Amy director Kevin Smith, who read it and promised to walk the script directly into Harvey Weinstein's office at Miramax. Weinstein read the script, loved it, and paid Castle Rock their due, while also agreeing to let Damon and Affleck star in the film. In his recollection of the meeting, Weinstein asked about an out-of-place, mid-script oral sex scene, which Damon and Affleck explained was a test to see which studio executives had actually read the script.[10]
After buying the rights from Castle Rock, Miramax gave the green light to put the film into production. Several well-known filmmakers were originally considered to direct, including Mel Gibson, Michael Mann, and Steven Soderbergh. Originally, Affleck asked Kevin Smith if he was interested in directing. He declined, saying they needed a "good director" and that he only directs things he writes and is not much of a visual director, but still served as one of the film's executive producers. Damon and Affleck later chose Gus Van Sant for the job, whose work on previous films like Drugstore Cowboy (1989) had left a favorable impression on the fledgling screenwriters. Miramax was persuaded and hired Van Sant to direct the film.
Filming[edit]
The Baskin-Robbins/Dunkin' Donuts, in front of which Will mocked Harvard student Clark
Filming took place between April and June 1997. Although the story is set in Boston, and many of the scenes were done on location in the Greater Boston area, much of the filming was done at locations in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with the University of Toronto standing in for the interiors of MIT and Harvard University. The classroom scenes were filmed at McLennan Physical Laboratories (of the University of Toronto) and Central Technical School. Harvard normally disallows filming on its property, but permitted limited filming by the project after intervention by Harvard alumnus John Lithgow.[11] Likewise, only the exterior shots of Bunker Hill Community College were filmed in Boston; however, Sean's office was built in Toronto as an exact replica of one at the college.[12]
The Au Bon Pain where Skylar asked Will to explain his "photographic memory" to her.
The interior bar scenes set in "Southie" were shot on location at Woody's L St. Tavern.[13] Meanwhile, the homes of Will (190 West 6th Street) and Sean (259 E Street), while some distance apart in the movie, actually back up to each other on Bowen Street, the narrow street Chuckie drives down to walk up to Will's back door.[14][15]
The Bow and Arrow Pub, which was located at the corner of Bow Street and Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge, doubled as the Harvard bar in which Will met Skylar for the first time.[16] The Baskin-Robbins/Dunkin' Donuts featured in the "How do you like them apples?" scene was next door to the pub at the time of the film's release.[15]
The Tasty, at the corner of JFK and Brattle Streets, was the scene of Will and Skylar's first kiss.[17] The Au Bon Pain, where Will and Skylar discuss the former's photographic memory, was at the corner of Dunster Street and Mass Ave.[18]
The Boston Public Garden bench on which Will and Sean sat for a scene in the film became a temporary shrine after Williams's death in 2014.[19]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the film's opening weekend in limited release, it earned $272,912. In its January 1998 wide-release opening weekend, it earned $10,261,471. It went on to gross $138,433,435 in North America for a total worldwide gross of $225,900,000.
Critical response[edit]
Good Will Hunting received strongly positive reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 97%, based on 70 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."[20] At Metacritic, the film has a score of 70 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[21]
Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, writing that while the story is "predictable", it is "the individual moments, not the payoff, that make it so effective".[22]
Several scholars have examined the film as a portrayal of residual Catholic–Protestant tensions in Boston, as Irish Catholics from Southie are aligned against ostensibly Protestant characters who are affiliated with Harvard and MIT.[23][24]
Awards and accolades[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
70th Academy Awards[25]
Won: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor – Robin Williams
Won: Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay – Ben Affleck & Matt Damon
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Picture
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Director – Gus Van Sant
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Actor – Matt Damon
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress – Minnie Driver
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Film Editing – Pietro Scalia
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Original Score – Danny Elfman
Nominated: Academy Award for Best Song – Elliott Smith (song "Miss Misery")
55th Golden Globe Awards
Won: Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay – Ben Affleck & Matt Damon[26]
Nominated: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama[27]
Nominated: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama – Matt Damon[27]
Nominated: Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture – Robin Williams[27]
4th Screen Actors Guild Awards
Won: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role – Robin Williams
Nominated: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
Nominated: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role – Matt Damon
Nominated: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role – Minnie Driver
Other Major Awards / Nominations
Won: Silver Bear for Outstanding Single Achievement – Matt Damon[28]
Nominated: Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures – Gus Van Sant
Nominated: Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen – Ben Affleck & Matt Damon
Soundtrack[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The musical score for Good Will Hunting was composed by Danny Elfman, who had previously collaborated with Gus Van Sant on To Die For and would go on to score many of the director's other films. The film also features many songs written and recorded by singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. His song "Miss Misery" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, but lost to "My Heart Will Go On" from Titanic. Elfman's score was also nominated for an Oscar, but lost to Titanic as well. On September 11, 2006, The Today Show used Elfman's song "Weepy Donuts" while Matt Lauer spoke during the opening credits.
Good Will Hunting: Music from the Miramax Motion Picture[29]
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
December 2, 1997
Genre
Soundtrack, indie rock, acoustic rock, indie folk
Label
Capitol
A soundtrack album for the film was released by Capitol Records on November 18, 1997, though only two of Elfman's cues appear on the release.[30]
Elliott Smith – "Between the Bars" (Orchestral)
Jeb Loy Nichols – "As the Rain"
Elliott Smith – "Angeles"
Elliott Smith – "No Name #3"
The Waterboys – "Fisherman's Blues"
Luscious Jackson – "Why Do I Lie?"
Danny Elfman – "Will Hunting" (Main Titles)
Elliott Smith – "Between the Bars"
Elliott Smith – "Say Yes"
Gerry Rafferty – "Baker Street"
Andru Donalds – "Somebody's Baby"
The Dandy Warhols – "Boys Better"
Al Green – "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart?"
Elliott Smith – "Miss Misery"
Danny Elfman – "Weepy Donuts"
"Afternoon Delight" by the Starland Vocal Band was featured in the film, but did not appear on the soundtrack album.
Good Will Hunting: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Danny Elfman, Elliott Smith
Released
March 3, 2014
Genre
Soundtrack
Label
Music Box Records
A limited edition soundtrack album featuring Elfman's complete score from the film was released by Music Box Records on March 3, 2014. The soundtrack, issued in 1500 copies, includes all of Elfman's cues (including music not featured on the rare Miramax Academy promo) and also contains the songs by Elliott Smith. One of the tracks is Smith's songs with Elfman's arrangements added into the mix.[31]
Main Title (2:44)
Genie Mopper (0:37)
First Calculation (1:08)
Theorem (0:42)
Kick Ass Choir (0:59)
Mystery Math (2:28)
Them Apples (0:57)
Jail (1:13)
Second Shrink (1:14)
Any Port (1:25)
Times Up (1:14)
Oliver Twist (1:58)
Staring Contest (0:49)
Secret Weapon (0:57)
Retainer (Part A) (0:58)
Retainer (Part B) (0:20)
Tell You Something (0:48)
No Love Me (0:47)
Fire Music (1:11)
Whose Fault (2:34)
End Titles (3:50)
Between the Bars (Orchestral) (1:09) – Performed by Elliott Smith / Arr. by Elfman
No Name #3 (3:04) – Performed by Elliott Smith
Say Yes (2:15) – Performed by Elliott Smith
Between the Bars (2:21) – Performed by Elliott Smith
Angeles (2:55) – Performed by Elliott Smith
Miss Misery (3:12) – Performed by Elliott Smith
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting (1997) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting (1997)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Best Hollywood Movies of All Time - Hollywood Reporter". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ O'Donnell relied on Graph Theory and Theoretical Physics by Frank Harary where at page 63 P.W. Kasteleyn wrote on "Graph theory and crystal physics".
Jump up ^ Burkard Polster & Marty Ross (2012) Math goes to the Movies, Johns Hopkins University Press, page 9, ISBN 1-4214-0483-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Good Will Hunting: An Oral History". Boston. January 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ The Link between Metallica and Matt Damon, MTV News 1998 accessed 11/8/2016
Jump up ^ Goldman, William (2001). Which Lie Did I Tell?: More Adventures in the Screen Trade. Vintage. pg. 333. ISBN 0-375-70319-5
Jump up ^ Smith's comments on the Mallrats DVD audio commentary
Jump up ^ "Harvey Weinstein - The Graham Norton Show".
Jump up ^ Ba Tran, Andrew. "Then and Now: Revisiting 'Good Will Hunting'". Boston.com. The New York Times Co. p. 2. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ba Tran, Andrew. "Then and Now: Revisiting 'Good Will Hunting'". Boston.com. The New York Times Co. p. 21. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dunn, Gabrielle (June 3, 2010). "Famous Movie Locations: Woody's L Street Tavern in 'Good Will Hunting' (Boston)". Blog.moviefone.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ba Tran, Andrew. "Then and Now: Revisiting 'Good Will Hunting'". Boston.com. The New York Times Co. p. 6. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Behind the Scenery". The Boston Globe. November 25, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ba Tran, Andrew. "Then and Now: Revisiting 'Good Will Hunting'". Boston.com. The New York Times Co. p. 8. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ba Tran, Andrew. "Then and Now: Revisiting 'Good Will Hunting'". Boston.com. The New York Times Co. p. 20. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ba Tran, Andrew. "Then and Now: Revisiting 'Good Will Hunting'". Boston.com. The New York Times Co. p. 23. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Good Will Hunting’ Bench in Boston Public Garden Becomes Robin Williams Memorial" - Boston.com, August 12, 2014
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (1997-12-25). "Good Will Hunting Movie Review (1997)". Roger Ebert. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
Jump up ^ Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey. "Revisioning Migration: On the Stratifications of Irish Boston in Good Will Hunting." ALIF: Journal of Contemporary Poetics (32) 2012: 1-22.https://www.academia.edu/1548918/Revisioning_Migration_On_the_Stratifications_of_Irish_Boston_in_Good_Will_Hunting
Jump up ^ Herlihy, Jeffrey. "Revisioning Migration: On the Stratifications of Irish Boston in Good Will Hunting | Jeffrey Herlihy-Mera". Academia.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
Jump up ^ "70th Annual Academy Awards Nominees & Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sterngold, James (January 19, 1998). "'Titanic' Wins Top Golden Globe Award". The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Nominees for Golden Globe Awards". CNN. 1997. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Berlinale: 1998 Prize Winners". Berlinale.de. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting: Music from the Miramax Motion". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting – Original Soundtrack". AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Good Will Hunting – Danny Elfman". Music Box Records. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Good Will Hunting
Good Will Hunting on IMDb
Good Will Hunting at the TCM Movie Database
Good Will Hunting at AllMovie
Good Will Hunting at Box Office Mojo
Good Will Hunting at Rotten Tomatoes
Screenplay on IMSDb
Grime, James. "The Real Good Will Hunting". Numberphile. Brady Haran.
Then & Now: Revisiting Good Will Hunting – Boston.com
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Gus Van Sant
Mala Noche (1985)
Drugstore Cowboy (1989)
My Own Private Idaho (1991)
Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1993)
To Die For (1995)
Good Will Hunting (1997)
Psycho (1998)
Finding Forrester (2000)
Gerry (2002)
Elephant (2003)
Last Days (2005)
Paranoid Park (2007)
Mansion on the Hill (2008)
Milk (2008)
Restless (2011)
Promised Land (2012)
The Sea of Trees (2015)
Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot (2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Ben Affleck
Filmography
Awards
Director
I Killed My Lesbian Wife, Hung Her on a Meat Hook, and Now I Have a Three-Picture Deal at Disney (1993)
Gone Baby Gone (2007)
The Town (2010)
Argo (2012)
Live by Night (2016)
Screenwriter
Good Will Hunting (1997)
Gone Baby Gone (2007)
The Town (2010)
Live by Night (2016)
Producer
Stolen Summer (2002)
Gone Baby Gone (2007)
Argo (2012)
Live by Night (2016)
Related articles
Eastern Congo Initiative
LivePlanet
Pearl Street Films
[show]
v
t
e
Matt Damon
Filmography
Awards
Screenwriter
Good Will Hunting (1997)
Gerry (2002)
Promised Land (2012)
Producer
Stolen Summer (2002)
Promised Land (2012)
Jason Bourne (2016)
Manchester by the Sea (2016)
Related articles
H2O Africa Foundation
Water.org
Not on Our Watch
LivePlanet
Pearl Street Films
[show]
v
t
e
Boston Red Sox
Formerly the Boston Americans
Based in Boston, Massachusetts
Franchise
History
Seasons
Records
No-hitters
Awards
Players
Owners and executives
Managers
Coaches
Captains
Broadcasters
Opening Day starters
First-round draft picks
Logos and uniforms
Hall of Fame
Ballparks
Huntington Avenue Grounds
Braves Field
Fenway Park
Spring training
Venues
Majestic Park
Plant Field
Whittington Park
Riverside Park
Ninth Street Park
Payne Park
Bader Field
Scottsdale Stadium
Chain of Lakes Park
City of Palms Park
JetBlue Park at Fenway South
Culture
Red Sox Nation
Royal Rooters
"Nuf Ced" McGreevy
Curse of the Bambino
Green Monster
Pesky's Pole
Wally the Green Monster
Victoria Snelgrove
"Tessie"
"Dirty Water"
"Sweet Caroline"
"Dream On"
"I'm Shipping Up to Boston"
"Three Little Birds"
Field of Dreams
Good Will Hunting
Fever Pitch
Moneyball
Game 6
The Town
The Jimmy Fund
Yawkey Way
Kenmore Square
Citgo Sign
Golden Outfield
Carl Beane
Sherm Feller
Cheers
Still, We Believe: The Boston Red Sox Movie
Four Days in October
Red Sox Rule
Lore
Cy Young's perfect game
Slaughter's Mad Dash
Babe Ruth's 573-foot home run into Alligator Farm
1948 AL tie-breaker game
The Impossible Dream
Carlton Fisk waves it fair
1978 AL East tie-breaker game
Bill Buckner's error
Aaron Boone's home run
The bloody sock
"Idiots" break the curse
Boston Strong
Rivalries
New York Yankees
Administration
Owners: Fenway Sports Group
John W. Henry
Tom Werner
President and CEO: Sam Kennedy
President of Baseball Operations: Dave Dombrowski
General Manager: Vacant
Manager: Alex Cora
World Series
Championships (8)
1903
1912
1915
1916
1918
2004
2007
2013
League
Pennants (13)
1903
1904
1912
1915
1916
1918
1946
1967
1975
1986
2004
2007
2013
Division championships (9)
1975
1986
1988
1990
1995
2007
2013
2016
2017
Wild card berths (7)
1998
1999
2003
2004
2005
2008
2009
Minor league
affiliates
AAA
Pawtucket Red Sox
AA
Portland Sea Dogs
A Adv.
Salem Red Sox
A
Greenville Drive
Short A
Lowell Spinners
Rookie
GCL Red Sox
DSL Red Sox
Broadcasting
Television
New England Sports Network (NESN)
Radio
WEEI-FM
Radio network affiliates
Broadcasters
Dave O'Brien
Jerry Remy
Joe Castiglione
Tim Neverett
Uri Berenguer
Juan Oscar Baez
[show]
Seasons (118)
1900s
1900 · 1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910s
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920s
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930s
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940s
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950s
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960s
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970s
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980s
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990s
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000s
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010s
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Film in the United States portal
1990s portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Good_Will_Hunting&oldid=816894528"
Categories:
1997 films
English-language films
1997 soundtracks
1990s drama films
1990s independent films
American films
American coming-of-age films
American drama films
American independent films
Capitol Records soundtracks
Elliott Smith
Films scored by Danny Elfman
Films directed by Gus Van Sant
Films about educators
Films about mathematics
Films about orphans
Films about psychiatry
Films about child abuse
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Films set in Boston
Films shot in Massachusetts
Films set in universities and colleges
Films shot in Toronto
Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award
Harvard Square
Screenplays by Ben Affleck
Screenplays by Matt Damon
Works about janitors
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from March 2015
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017
Articles needing additional references from February 2015
Articles with hAudio microformats
Album infoboxes lacking a cover
Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Кыргызча
Latviešu
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
తెలుగు
Türkçe
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 December 2017, at 13:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Miramax_Films
mw-redirect
Miramax Films

values:
/wiki/Bruin_Theater
mw-redirect
Bruin Theater

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award
mw-redirect
Academy Award

values: Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay)

values:
/wiki/Chevrolet_Nova
mw-redirect
Chevrolet Nova

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-3

values: -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;

values: vertical-align: -5.671ex; width:16.499ex; height:12.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -5.671ex; width:18.844ex; height:12.509ex;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Michael_Mann_(film_director)
mw-redirect
Michael Mann (film director)

values:
/wiki/Photographic_memory
mw-redirect
Photographic memory

values:
/wiki/Boston_Public_Garden
mw-redirect
Boston Public Garden

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/Irish_Catholic
mw-redirect
Irish Catholic

values: Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay

values: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Song
mw-redirect
Academy Award for Best Song

values:
/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_west
mw-redirect
Writers Guild of America, west

values:
/wiki/Today_(NBC_program)
mw-redirect
Today (NBC program)

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background-color: gainsboro

values:
/wiki/Acoustic_rock
mw-redirect
Acoustic rock

values:
/wiki/Boys_Better
mw-redirect
Boys Better

values:
/wiki/Miss_Misery_(song)
mw-redirect
Miss Misery (song)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000002TM0

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119217/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v160083

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of awards and nominations received by Ben Affleck

values: List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon

values:
collapseButton3
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: List of Boston Red Sox owners and executives

values: List of Boston Red Sox Opening Day starting pitchers

values: List of Boston Red Sox first-round draft picks

values: Logos and uniforms of the Boston Red Sox

values: Still, We Believe: The Boston Red Sox Movie

values: 1978 American League East tie-breaker game

values: 2003 American League Championship Series

values: 2004 American League Championship Series

values: 1975 American League Championship Series

values: 1986 American League Championship Series

values: 2007 American League Championship Series

values: 2013 American League Championship Series

values: 1988 American League Championship Series

values: 1990 American League Championship Series

values: List of Boston Red Sox minor league affiliates

values:
collapseButton4
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award-winning performance

values: Category:Films set in universities and colleges

values: Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2015

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2015

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Album infoboxes lacking a cover

values: Category:Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Good_Will_Hunting
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: غود ويل هانتينغ – Arabic

values: Ağıllı Uill Hantinq (film, 1997) – Azerbaijani

values: Разумнік Ўіл Гантынг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Добрият Уил Хънтинг – Bulgarian

values: Ο Ξεχωριστός Γουίλ Χάντινγκ – Greek

values: ویل هانتینگ خوب – Persian

values: गुड विल हंटिंग – Hindi

values: סיפורו של ויל האנטינג – Hebrew

values: ნიჭიერი უილ ჰანტინგი – Georgian

values: Акылдуу Уилл Хантиң – Kyrgyz

values: Добриот Вил Хантинг – Macedonian

values: ഗുഡ് വിൽ ഹണ്ടിംഗ് – Malayalam

values: グッド・ウィル・ハンティング/旅立ち – Japanese

values: Умница Уилл Хантинг – Russian

values: Добри Вил Хантинг – Serbian

values: గుడ్ విల్ హంటింగ్ – Telugu

values: Розумник Вілл Гантінґ – Ukrainian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Good_Will_Hunting rootpage-Good_Will_Hunting skin-vector action-view