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Legal status of tattooing in the United States
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In the United States, there is no federal law regulating the practice of tattooing. However, all 50 states and the District of Missouri have statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo be 12 years or older. This is partially based on the legal principle that a minor cannot enter into a legal contract or otherwise render informed consent for a procedure. Most states permit a person under the age of 12 to receive a tattoo with permission of a parent or guardian, but some states outright prohibit tattooing under a certain age regardless of permission, with the exception of medical necessity (such as markings placed for radiation therapy).
In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body). They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated. Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients.
Legal Restrictions on Tattooing & Body Modification by State
State
Minimum Age (with parent/guardian consent)
Form of Parent/Guardian Consent
Notes & Exceptions
Intoxicated/Impaired Individuals
Area of Law/Type of Penalty
Licensing & Regulation
Relevant Statute(s) and Rules
Alabama
none specified[1] informed written consent, signed in presence of the artist/service provider or their agent[1][2] Ear piercing exempt from Alabama body art laws & rules.[2][3] cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced[1][2] Violations of Alabama Tattoo & Body Piercing laws are a class c misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $100 and/or up to 90 days imprisonment for each violation.[4] Alabama's Department of Public Health licenses Tattoo, body piercing, & body art facilities, and sets standards for their operation.[5]
Individual tattoo artists, piercers, etc. require a permit.[2]
Ala. Code § 22-1-17A[3][6]
State Board of Health rules on Body Art Practices and Facilities.[2]
Alaska
18 (piercing excepted)[7] parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure[7] Minors may be pierced with parental consent [7] no restriction[8] Alaska Stat. § 08.13.217[7]
Arizona
none specified[9] parent/guardian must be physically present[9] Minors can have their ears pierced with the written or verbal consent of a parent/guardian, can have procedures prescribed by a health care provider.[9] no restriction[9] Violations are a class 6 felony.[9] There are no health regulations for tattoo shops in Arizona. [10] Tattoos. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3721[9]
Arkansas
16[11] parent/guardian must both give written consent and be physically present[12] none specified[12] cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced.[12] Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 20-27-1501 et seq.[12]
California
18 (piercing excepted)[13][14] parent/guardian must be present during procedure Minors may have their ears pierced with parental consent.[15] They may be pierced elsewhere with parental consent, but not on their genitals or nipples. Permanent cosmetics are permitted on nipples, when done by a cosmetic technician and with parental consent.[14] no restriction Body Art. Cal. Health & Safety Code § 119300 to 119328[6][15]
Cal. Penal Code 653[13]
Colorado
18 Express written consent of parent or guardian[16] parent/guardian must be present during procedure Persons who are "noticeably impaired" cannot have body art procedures[16] Body Artists. Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-4-2101 to 2103[6]
Connecticut
none specified permission of parent or guardian[17][18] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[17]
Tattooing may only be performed by physicians, or by registered nurses & technicians working under the supervision of a physician.[18]
no restrictions Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92a,[6][18]
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92g[6][17]
District of Columbia
18 (ear piercing excepted)[19] written consent (for ear piercing)[19] minors may have their ears pierced with written parental consent[19] no restrictions[19] Body Artists. DC Code § 47-2853.76d[6][19]
Delaware
18[20] notarized written consent to the specific procedure[20] none specified[20] cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced[20] Del. Code Ann. Title 11, Ch 5 §1114(a)[6][20]
Del. Code Ann. Title 16, Ch 2 §122(3)(w)[6]
Florida
16[21] Must be accompanied by parent or guardian who can show proof of guardianship, both parent and minor must present photo ID, and a consent form must be notarized.[21] for medical or dental purposes by a licensed physician or dentist[21] no restriction Fla. Stat. § 381.00787[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.0775 et seq.[6] Fla. Stat. §381.075[6]
Georgia
18 (body piercing excepted)[22] For body piercing: prior written consent of parent/guardian[23] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[23]
Minors may be body pierced with written parental consent[23]
Physicians and Osteopaths or technicians working under their direct supervision can give minors tattoos or produce scars for "medical or cosmetic purposes."[22]
No one can be tattooed within an inch of their eye socket.[24]
no restrictions Ga. Code § 31-40-1 to 31-40-10[6]
Ga. Code § 16-12-5[6]
Ga. Code § 16-5-71.1[6]
Hawaii
none specified[25] written consent of parent/guardian[25] Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-13[6]
Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-379[6]
Idaho
14[26] Written informed consent of parent/guardian, executed in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their agent/employee.[26] Minors can have their ears pierced without parental consent.[6]
Piercing for medical procedures exempt.[6]
no restrictions Idaho Code § 18-1523 (2004)[6]
Illinois
18 (body piercings excepted)[27] Written consent of parent/guardian (for body piercings)[27] Minors cannot be present in places where tattooing or body piercing is done except in the presence of a parent/guardian.[27]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[27]
no restrictions Ill. Stat. 720 §5/12-10.1[6]
Ill. Stat. 410 §54/1 t0 54/999[6]
Indiana
none specified[28] Parent/guardian must both be present during the procedure and provide written permission.[28] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[28] no restrictions Ind. Code Ann. §35-42-2-7[6][28]
Ind. Code Ann. §16-19-3-4.1[6][29]
Iowa
18[30] n/a - minors cannot be tattooed[30] Body piercing is not regulated by state law in Iowa, however county or city laws may regulate it.[31] no restrictions Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Kansas
16[32] Parent/guardian must give written consent, written consent must be notarized, and the parent/guardian must be present during the procedure.[32] Minors may have their ears pierced[33] no restrictions Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1953[6]
Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1940 to 65-1954[6]
Kentucky
16 Parent/guardian must give written, notarized consent.[34] none (ear piercing also requires written, notarized consent).[35] Ky. Rev. Stat. §211.760[6]
Ky. Rev. Stat. §194A.050; 211.760[6]
Louisiana
16 Parent or guardian must consent, and their presence during the procedure is required for tattoos, but not for body piercings.[36] no restrictions La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14:93.2[6]
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:2831 et seq.[6]
Maine
18 (piercings excepted)[37] For body piercings: prior legal consent of parent/guardian.[38] Maine law does not require parent/guardian consent for ear piercing[39] no restrictions Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 32 § 4201-4329[6]
Maryland
none specified[40] written consent, which must be retained for 3 years. Piercing of the ear lobe is exempt[41] no restriction Health Department Regulations A license is not required, but any person performing tattooing or piercing must comply with all the relevant health code regulations[40] COMAR 10.06.01.02 and 10.06.01.06
Massachusetts
18 (except body piercing other than genitalia)[42] Minors cannot receive tattoo, branding, or scarification at all. For piercing of areas other than the genitalia, a parent may provide identification and sign the consent document.[42] Physicians performing for treatment reasons and ear piercing are exempt from regulation.[42] no restriction County Health Department regulates body art, but all follow a model regulation set by the state. Artists must have a permit, and establishments are subject to following specific health department regulations[42] Model Regulations for Body Art Establishments[42]
Michigan
none specified[43] Written, informed consent of parent/guardian. Must be executed (signed) in the presences of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[43] cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced.[43] Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.13101 to 333.13112[44]
Minnesota
18 (piercings excepted)[45] For piercings: presence of parent/guardian and a consent form are both required.[45] Minors cannot be tattooed. They can be body pierced, but not in the nipples or genitals. Branding, scarification, suspension, subdermal implantation, microdermal, and tongue bifurcation are also prohibited for minors.[45] cannot have any body art procedures.[45] Minnesota Statutes 146B.07[45]
Mississippi
18 n/a - minors cannot be tattooed piercing also prohibited except for the outer perimeter or lobe of the ear. no restriction Miss.Code Ann. §73-61
Missouri
none specified[46] For both piercings and tattoos, parent/guardian must sign written consent in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[46] cannot be tattooed, branded or body pierced.[46] violations are a misdemeanor, punishable with a fine of up to $500 (more for repeat offenses)[46] The state director of the division of professional registration licenses all body artists, and sets rules & regulations for the operation of body art establishments.[47] Mo. Rev. Stat. §324.520[46]
Montana
none specified[48] Parent or guardian must give "explicit, in-person" consent.[48] Montana administrative rules also require that the parent/guardian be present throughout the procedure.[49] cannot be tattooed or body pierced.[49] A person who tattoos or body pierces a minor without parent/guardian consent is guilty of Unlawful transactions with children, punishable by a fine of up to $500 or six months in county jail, or both.[48]
Other violations of Montana body art laws are a misdemeanor, with punishments ranging from a fine of $50–100 for a first offense to $300 and/or 90 days in county jail for third and subsequent offense.[50]
Montana's Department of Health and Safety licenses and regulates body art establishments.[51] Local health boards may establish their own licensing and regulatory schemes in lieu of the state department's.[52] Mont. Code Ann. §45-5-623[48]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-101 to 110[53]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-201 to 209[54]
Nebraska
none specified[55] written consent, must be present during procedure Piercing does not include the external parts of the ear[56] No restrictions Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1008, 38-1009, 38-1010, 38-1011, 38-1060, 38-10,165
Nevada
n/a[6] n/a[6] Nevada state law does not regulate tattoos, piercings, or other body art. Regional health districts may regulate the practice. The southern Nevada Health District, for example, does not allow minors below the age of 14 to be tattooed, and requires a parent or guardian to provide written consent and be present during the procedure for 14- to 18-year-olds. The southern Nevada district also bans tattoos on those who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[57] n/a[6] n/a[6]
New Hampshire
18 (piercings excepted)[58] For piercings: parent/guardian must both sign written consent and be present during the procedure. Minors cannot be tattooed or branded. They may be pierced with parent/guardian consent.[58] Minors may have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[59] no restrictions N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 314[6]
New Jersey
none specified[60] written permission of parent/guardian is required for tattooing and body piercing.[60] Parent/guardian must be present and sign written consent for ear piercings as well as for body piercing. Minors cannot have genital piercings even with parent/guardian consent.[61] no restrictions no restrictions no restrictions N.J. Stat. Ann. §2C:40-21
N.J.A.C. 8:27-1 et seq.
N.J. Stat. Ann. §26-1A-7[6]
New Mexico
none specified[62] Written consent and presence during the procedure. Medical procedures by physicians and ear piercing are exempt[63] no restrictions Administrative Regulations set by the Board of Barbers and Cosmetologists All body artists are required to be licensed through the state, and are subject to regulations from the Board Body Art Safe Practices Act. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 61-17B et seq.,[63] N.M. Administrative Code 16.36 et seq.[62]
New York
18 (piercings excepted) [64] Minors cannot be tattooed with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent, signed in presence of the body artist or body art establishment owner.[65] Written parental consent is not required for ear piercings.[66] no restrictions New York Public Health Law, Article 4-A[6][65]
N.Y. Public Health Law §460-466[6]
N.Y. Penal Law § 260.21[6]
North Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[67] Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. "Prior consent" of parent/guardian is required for body piercings.[67] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[67] no restrictions N.C. Gen. Stat. § 130A-283[68]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-400[69]
North Dakota
none specified[70] Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure and give written consent.[70] cannot get tattoos or other body art[71] N.D. Code §23-01-35[72]
N.D. Code §12.1-31-13[6][70]
Ohio
none specified[73] Parent/guardian must both sign a consent form and "appear in person at the business at the time the procedure is performed."[73] none - parent/guardian consent and presence is also required for ear piercings.[73] no restrictions Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §3730.01 to 3730.99[6][73]
Oklahoma
18 (piercings excepted)[74] Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure.[74] Ear piercing is not governed/restricted by Oklahoma law.[74]
Scleral tattooing is illegal.[74]
cannot be tattooed.[74] Okla. Stat. Title 21 §842.1, 842.2, 842.3[6]
Oregon
18 (piercings excepted)[75] For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent and present proof of identity.[76][77] Minors can only be tattooed with the authorization of a physician.[75]
Scarification and dermal implants are prohibited[78]
Persons with sunburns or skin diseases or disorders cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Minors cannot be pierced on the genitals or nipples, even with parent/guardian consent.[76]
Piercing on testes, deep shaft (corpus cavernosa), uvula, eyelids and sub-clavicle are all prohibited.[77]
cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77] Violations of Oregon body art laws are a misdemeanor.[79]
Violations of Health Licensing Office rules are fined (various amounts).[80]
Both body artists and body art establishments are licensed by the Oregon Health Licensing Office.[81] With the assistance of a Board of Body Art practitioners, the Health Licensing Office also sets detailed rules and regulations for body art.[82] Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.350 et seq
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.401 to 410
Or. Rev. Stat. § 679.500[6]
Health Licensing Office Rules, especially Divisions 900, 905, 915 & 920[82]
Pennsylvania
none specified[83] parent/guardian must both give consent and be present during the procedure.[83] no restrictions Pa. Cons. Stat. Title 18 § 6311[6][83]
Rhode Island
18 (piercings excepted)[84][85] Minors cannot be tattooed.[84] For piercings: parent/guardian must both give consent and be present for the procedure.[85] no restrictions Tattooing a minor is a criminal offense (misdemeanor), maximum fine $300[84] Tattooing and body art are regulated by the department of health, artists must be registered.[85] RI Gen L § 23-1-39[85]
RI Gen L § 11-9-15[84]
South Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[86][87] Minors cannot be tattooed.[86] For piercings: parent/guardian must either give written, notarized consent or be present during the procedure.[87] Head, face, and neck tattoos are illegal.[86] cannot be tattooed or body pierced[86][88] Under the Health Code, persons violating restrictions on tattooing and body piercing are guilty of a misdemeanor. Upon conviction, they may be fined up to $2500 or imprisoned for a year, or both.[86][87] Tattoo and body piercing facilities are regulated by the Department of Health and Environmental Control. Tattoo facilities are licensed, body piercing facilities require a permit, and artists must be registered[89][90] S.C. Code § 44-32-10 to 44-32-120[88]
S.C. Code § 44-34-10 to 44-34-110[91]
South Dakota
none specified[92] Parent/guardian must sign a consent form.[92] cannot be tattooed or pierced[93][94] Tattooing a minor is a class 2 misdemeanor.[95] Tattooing and Body Piercing are governed by Department of Health rules.[96] Municipalities may set stricter regulations, and have the authority to license body artists.[95] S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §26-10-19[92]
S.D. Laws § 9-34-17[95]
Tennessee
18 (piercings excepted)[97][98] For tattoos that cover an existing tattoo (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[97]
For piercings: Parent/Guardian must give written consent, be present during the procedure.[98]
Minors over the age of sixteen may be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo, with parent/guardian consent.[97] Minors who lie about their age to be tattooed are guilty of a "delinquent act," are required to pay a fine of $50–$250 and serve at least 20 hours of community service.[97]
Tattooing a minor is a class a misdemeanor,[97] breach of body piercing law is a class b misdemeanor.[99]
Tattoo artists and body piercers are licensed by the state department of health, tattoo shops require a certificate from the local health department.[100][101] Tenn. Code §§ 62-38-201-310[102]
Texas
18 (piercings excepted)[103][104] For body piercings and for covering existing tattoos (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/guardian must be present during procedure, sign an affidavit[103][104] Ear piercing is exempt from body piercing statutes[105]
Minors may, with parent/guardian consent, be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo that has offensive, gang-related, or drug-related content, or "other words, symbols, or markings that the person's parent or guardian considers would be in the best interest of the person to cover"[103]
Tongue splitting prohibited.[106]
Cannot be tattooed or pierced.[103][107] Misrepresenting one's age to get a tattoo, or to get a piercing without parental consent, is a class B misdemeanor[103][104]
Violations of Texas tattooing & body piercing statute are a Class A misdemeanor, with each day of violation counting as a separate offense.[108]
Health Commissioner can impose a fine of up to $5000 on artists & shops for each violation[109]
Tattoo artists and body piercers must be registered with the Texas Department of Health[110] Tattoo and body piercing shops must be licensed[111] Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. §146[112]
Utah
none specified[113] Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure, give written permission, and provide proof of identity.[113] Parental consent not required by law for ear piercing[113] Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class b misdemeanor, shops can be fined up to $1000 for each violation.[113] Utah Code Ann. §76-10-2201[6]
Vermont
none specified[114] Tattooists and body piercers must be registered.[114] Vt. Stat. Ann. Title 26 §4101 to 4109[6][115]
Virginia
none specified[116] Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[116] Virginia law does not limit minors' ability to have their ears pierced.[116] Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class 1 misdemeanor[116] Tattoo artists and body piercers, as well as the operators of tattoo and body piercing establishments, are licensed by the state.[117][118]
Civic/local governments are empowered to regulate tattoo and body piercing establishments.[119]
Va. Code §54.1-700 et seq.
Va. Code §15.2-912
Va. Code § 18.2-371.3.[6]
Washington
18 (piercings excepted)[120] cannot have tattoos, body piercings, or other body art.[121] Wash. Code §26.28.085[120]
Wash. Code § 18.300[122]
Wash. Code § 246-145-001 to 060[123]
Wash. Code §70.54[124]
West Virginia
none specified[125] parent/guardian must give written consent[125] All persons receiving a tattoo must attest they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[125] Tattoo shop owners and body piercing studios must register with local board of health, and must be registered as a business with the state[126][127][128] W. Va. Code §16-37
W. Va. Code §16-38[129]
Wisconsin
18[130] n/a (tattooing not permitted under 18) Physicians in the course of professional practice are exempt no restriction Tattooing a minor or even offering to do so is subject to a fine of up to $200 Artists must be satisfy training requirements and obtain a license from the health department. Establishments are subject to inspection and licensing[131] Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations 948.70 and 252.235
Wyoming
none specified[132] Verbal consent, presence during procedure.[132] Procedures performed under the supervision of a licensed physician, and piercing of the ear, do not count as body art for this law. no restriction[132] Misdemeanor criminal offense, punishable by fine and prison time[132] Wyoming Statute §14-3-107[132]
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Jump up ^ "Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1010". nebraskalegislature.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Southern Nevada Health District Regulations Governing the Sanitation of Tattoo and Permanent Makeup Establishments". southernnevadahealthdistrict.org.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XXX/314-A/314-A-8.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XXX/314-A/314-A-4.htm
^ Jump up to: a b "Section 2C:40-21 - Tattooing of a minor; parental permission, required :: 2013 New Jersey Revised Statutes :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-10. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "New Mexico Administrative Code 16.36.5". New Mexico Administrative Code. Retrieved 2015-06-29. the signature of the client and, if the client is a minor, written proof of parental or legal guardian presence and consent;
^ Jump up to: a b "ARTICLE 17B Body Art Safe Practices Act". public.nmcompcomm.us. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
Jump up ^ "Section 260.21 of New York State Penal Law - Unlawfully Dealing with a Child in the Second Degree". ny.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b "Article 4-A Regulation of Body Piercing and Tattooing". ny.gov.
Jump up ^ "Body Art - Tattooing and Body Piercing". ny.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_14/Article_52.pdf
Jump up ^ "GS_130A-283". state.nc.us.
Jump up ^ http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-400.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t12-1c31.pdf?20150627113430
Jump up ^ http://www.legis.nd.gov/information/acdata/pdf/33-41-01.pdf?20150627114138
Jump up ^ http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t23c01.pdf?20150627113445
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lawriter - ORC". ohio.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "§21-842.1. Performing or offering to perform body piercing or tattooing on child under 18 years—Definitions. :: 2014 Oklahoma Statutes :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". state.or.us.
^ Jump up to: a b "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". state.or.us.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". state.or.us.
Jump up ^ "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". state.or.us.
Jump up ^ "Section 690.992 - Criminal penalties. :: 2013 Oregon Revised Statutes :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". state.or.us.
Jump up ^ "Section 690.360 - Prohibited acts; exceptions. :: 2013 Oregon Revised Statutes :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". state.or.us.
^ Jump up to: a b c "6311 - Tattooing and body piercing. :: 2010 Pennsylvania Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "§ 11-9-15 Tattooing of minors. :: CHAPTER 11-9 Children :: Title 11 Criminal Offenses :: 2010 Rhode Island General Laws :: Rhode Island General Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Section 23-1-39 - Tattooing and/or body piercing. :: 2014 Rhode Island General Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Section 44-34-100 - Unlawful acts; penalties. :: 2012 South Carolina Code of Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b c "SECTION 44-32-120. Minors or persons impaired by drugs, alcohol, or otherwise incapable of consenting; unhealthy skin surfaces; penalty. :: 2014 South Carolina Code of Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b "CHAPTER 32 - BODY PIERCING :: 2014 South Carolina Code of Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Section 44-34-20 - Establishment of sterilization, sanitation, and safety standards; licensing; engaging in other retail business. :: 2012 South Carolina Code of Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "SECTION 44-32-20. Sterilization, sanitation and safety standards; certificate of completion of blood-borne pathogens and body piercing infection control course; permits. :: 2014 South Carolina Code of Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
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^ Jump up to: a b c "§ 26-10-19 Tattooing minor without parental consent as misdemeanor. :: 2014 South Dakota Codified Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Rules Display". sd.gov.
Jump up ^ "Rules Display". sd.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b c "§ 9-34-17 Tattooing and body piercing. :: 2014 South Dakota Codified Laws :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Rules Display". sd.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "§ 62-38-211 - Tattoos for persons under 18 years of age -- Reporting tattooing of minors -- Tattoos to cover up existing tattoos for minors 16 years of age or older -- False statements of age or exhibiting false identification by minors for purpose of obtaining tattoos. :: 2014 Tennessee Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b "§ 62-38-305 - Minimum age for procedure -- Exception authorized with consent -- Recordkeeping. :: 2014 Tennessee Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "§ 62-38-310 - Penalty. :: 2014 Tennessee Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ http://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/2014/title-62/chapter-38/part-2/section-62-38-204/
Jump up ^ "§ 62-38-302 - License required -- Sanitation and sterilization compliance required. :: 2014 Tennessee Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 38 - Tattoos and Body Piercing :: 2010 Tennessee Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.012 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.012: TATTOOS PROHIBITED FOR CERTAIN PERSONS". Findlaw.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.0125 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.0125: BODY PIERCING PROHIBITED WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT; EXCEPTION". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.0025 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.0025: EXEMPTIONS FROM LICENSING REQUIREMENTS; EAR PIERCING ESTABLISHMENTS EXEMPT". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.0126 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.0126: TONGUE SPLITTING PROHIBITED". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.0124 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.0124: BODY PIERCING PROHIBITED FOR CERTAIN PERSONS". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.018 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.018: OFFENSE; CRIMINAL PENALTY". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.019 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.019: ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTY". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.0021 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.0021: EMPLOYMENT OF TATTOOISTS AND BODY PIERCERS; REGISTRATION REQUIRED". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "TEX HS. CODE ANN. § 146.002 : Texas Statutes - Section 146.002: LICENSE REQUIRED". Findlaw.
Jump up ^ "Texas Statutes - Chapter 146: TATTOO AND CERTAIN BODY PIERCING STUDIOS". Findlaw.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Utah State Legislature". utah.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b "Vermont Laws". vermont.gov.
Jump up ^ "Professions and Occupations". vermont.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "§ 18.2-371.3. Tattooing or body piercing of minors". virginia.gov.
Jump up ^ "§ 54.1-703. License required". virginia.gov.
Jump up ^ "§ 54.1-704.1. License required for barbershop, cosmetology salon, nail care salon, waxing salon, tattoo parlor, body-piercing salon, and esthetics spa". virginia.gov.
Jump up ^ "§ 15.2-912. Regulation of tattoo parlors and body-piercing salons; definition; exception". virginia.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b "RCW 26.28.085: Applying tattoo to a minor — Penalty". wa.gov.
Jump up ^ "WAC 246-145-015: Restrictions". wa.gov.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 18.300 RCW: BODY ART, BODY PIERCING, AND TATTOOING". wa.gov.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 246-145 WAC: BODY ART, BODY PIERCING, ELECTROLOGY AND TATTOOING STANDARDS FOR STERILIZATION PROCEDURES AND INFECTION CONTROL". wa.gov.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 70.54 RCW: MISCELLANEOUS HEALTH AND SAFETY PROVISIONS". wa.gov.
^ Jump up to: a b c "§16-38-3. Operation standards. :: 2014 West Virginia Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "§16-38-7. Violations and penalties. :: 2014 West Virginia Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "§16-38-6. Registration requirements; inspections by local or regional boards of health; permit fees. :: 2014 West Virginia Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "§16-37-3. Registration requirements; inspections by local boards of health; posting of permit; power of local board of health to order studio to close. :: 2014 West Virginia Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "ARTICLE 38. TATTOO STUDIO BUSINESS. :: 2014 West Virginia Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ "Wisconsin Legislature: 948.70". Wisconsin Legislative Documents. 2015-06-27. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
Jump up ^ "Wisconsin Legislature: 252.23". Wisconsin Legislative Documents. 2015-06-27. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "TITLE 14 - CHILDREN, CHAPTER 3 - PROTECTION, ARTICLE 1 - PROHIBITED ACTS". legisweb.state.wy.us. Archived from the original on 2015-07-18. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
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Shameless (season 8)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Shameless (season 8)
DVD Cover
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
12
Release
Original network
Showtime
Original release
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05) – January 28, 2018 (2018-01-28)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) episodes
The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale.[1] The season, which premiered on November 5, 2017,[2] consisted of a total of 12 episodes.[3]
This is also the last season to feature Isidora Goreshter as series regular, as she announced her departure from the series following the season finale.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Special Guest
1.3 Recurring
2 Episodes
3 Ratings
4 References
5 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
See also: List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters
Main[edit]
William H. Macy as Frank Gallagher[5]
Emmy Rossum as Fiona Gallagher[5]
Jeremy Allen White as Philip "Lip" Gallagher[6]
Ethan Cutkosky as Carl Gallagher
Shanola Hampton as Veronica Fisher[7]
Steve Howey as Kevin Ball[6]
Emma Kenney as Deborah "Debbie" Gallagher[6]
Cameron Monaghan as Ian Gallagher[8]
Isidora Goreshter as Svetlana Yevgenivna Fisher
Special Guest[edit]
Dermot Mulroney as Sean Pierce
Richard Flood as Ford[9]
Recurring[edit]
Christian Isaiah as Liam Gallagher[10]
Jim Hoffmaster as Kermit
Michael Patrick McGill as Tommy
Alan Rosenberg as Professor Youens
Ruby Modine as Sierra Morton[11]
Zack Pearlman as Neil[12]
Elliot Fletcher as Trevor
Juliette Angelo as Geneva
Alicia Coppola as Sue
Scott Michael Campbell as Brad
Levy Tran as Eddie
Jessica Szohr as Nessa Chabon[13]
Perry Mattfeld as Mel
David Brackett as Duran
Sharon Lawrence as Margo Mierzejewski
Faran Tahir as Adeeb[14]
Raffi Barsoumian as Bahir
Sammi Hanratty as Kassidi Gallagher
Chet Hanks as Charlie
Tina Ivlev as Freelania Alexeyevich
Scarlet Spencer as Xan
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
85
1 "We Become What We... Frank!" Iain B. MacDonald John Wells November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05) 1.86[15]
Fiona begins renovating and selling apartments in her new building. Frank returns from the monastery and begins to apologize to everyone he has wronged in the past. Lip tries to get his drinking problem under control while also trying to win back Sierra. Debbie gets a new job and begins night school where she's learning to become a welder. Ian tries to win back the heart of Trevor by helping teens at the youth center. Carl begins selling the meth that Monica left him and his siblings before she passed away while also staying in shape for military school over the summer break. Liam is used by the faculty of his new school to show off the school's diversity for prospective parents. Kevin learns some disturbing news about his health and Veronica tries to take back the Alibi from Svetlana.
86
2 "Where's My Meth?" Anthony Hemingway Nancy M. Pimental November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12) 1.37[16]
Fiona grapples with evicting someone from the apartment building. Frank finds a job for the first time and tries to be a respectable citizen. Lip tries to sabotage Sierra's relationship. Ian goes with Trevor to a chub bar in an effort to fix their relationship. Carl tries to sell Ian's portion of Monica's meth but makes a troubling discovery about her. Liam visits a rich friend's house and is astonished by the luxury that others have. Kevin is sent off to a cancer support group and finds people he can relate to, trying to be ready for the operation that is coming.
87
3 "God Bless Her Rotting Soul" Michael Morris Krista Vernoff November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19) 1.34[17]
While Kevin's tumour is benign, he becomes obsessed with being healthy and, upon researching his genetics, discovers that he comes from an inbred community in Kentucky. Fiona's evicted tenant destroys her room so Fiona attempts to find a new renter but comes into conflict with Nessa's girlfriend, Mel. Neil breaks up with Debbie. Ian continues to struggle with Monica's death. Lip tries to help Professor Yeouens deal with his alcoholism. Frank, now going by Francis, remains committed to becoming a better person. Svetlana tries to sell the Alibi, forcing Veronica to visit her in prison and make a deal, resulting in her release and partial-ownership of the bar. Monica's partner threatens the Gallaghers and they dig up her body in order to retrieve the meth.
88
4 "Fuck Paying It Forward" Regina King Dominique Morisseau November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26) 1.59[18]
Frank is helping as much as he can at Liam's school, and meets a potential love interest amongst the mothers. Fiona is furious when Sean, now clean and married, returns to try and make amends. Lip is sex-crazed, and ends up sleeping with his co-worker, Eddie (Levy Tran). Ian lets a shelter girl of Trevor's sleep over to help her out of a bad spot, and gets chewed out by Trevor for it, but later they make amends, and Ian promises to try and find a living situation for some of the shelter kids. Debbie has moved back in, and is sad to be missing Frannie's growing up because of work. Carl attempts to catch a junkie breaking into houses on the block. Another black child join Liam's school. Kevin and Veronica meet Kevin's family; Kev is overwrought with emotion, whereas Veronica fears his family is racist.
89
5 "The (Mis)Education of Liam Fergus Beircheart Gallagher" Iain B. MacDonald Sheila Callaghan December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03) 1.51[19]
Fiona tries to raise the profile of the neighborhood; Ian helps Trevor raise money for a youth shelter; Carl loses his scholarship; Lip stands up to a friend; Frank teaches parents about the working class.
90
6 "Icarus Fell And Rusty Ate Him" Zetna Fuentes Mark Steilen December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10) 1.52[20]
After she discovers one of her tenants dead, Fiona is forced to reflect on her own life, as the rift between her and Ian grows deeper. Meanwhile, Lip enlists Carl's help to search for his AA sponsor, Brad, after he started drinking again. After having sex with Duran, Debbie has a pregnancy scare and tries to get a morning-after pill. Frank enjoys having his first-ever credit card, while Kev and V are making discoveries about their sexualities.
91
7 "Occupy Fiona" Iain B. MacDonald Molly Smith Metzler December 17, 2017 (2017-12-17) 1.58[21]
Ian keeps testing Fiona's patience, and starts a "Occupy Fiona" movement next to her building. With the support of Brad, Lip tries to help Youens for his DUI trial, after the latter's fifth drunk driving conviction. Meanwhile, an unemployed Frank goes on a job hunt, while Debbie is facing a rude doctor at her own work. Carl gets close to Kassidi, one of his rehab clients, who comes up with a plan to get him easy money. An unsure Kev is learning how to sexually dominate V.
92
8 "Frank's Northern Southern Express" Emmy Rossum Nancy M. Pimental December 31, 2017 (2017-12-31) 0.81[22]
Fiona considers moving into one of her apartments, while she tries to get closer to Ford. Frank starts a business, by smuggling Muslims and drugs through the US-Canada border. Meanwhile, Lip interviews new AA sponsors, and discovers something about Charlie, Sierra's boyfriend. Ian confronts a pastor preaching gay conversion, as Carl tries to reconcile his job with Kassidi, his new mercurial girlfriend. As she tries to find a new job and some money, Debbie thinks she may be pregnant again. Kev starts showing his dominating tricks against Svetlana at work, to the pleasure of V.
93
9 "The Fugees" Jeffrey Reiner Dominique Morisseau January 7, 2018 (2018-01-07) 1.65[23]
Frank's business takes a turn for the worse, as it sends him on the run through the Great White North. Ian's run-in with a minister brings about some unexpected and new allies. Meanwhile, Fiona tries and fails to fit in with Ford's group of friends, while Carl's new girlfriend Kassidi suffers separation anxiety. As he gets closer to Eddie, Lip must decide whether to tell Sierra about Charlie's secret baby or not. Debbie finds a new money opportunity thanks to the dog she is watching. After a visit from a former employee, Svetlana reveals to Kevin and V how bad she feels about her current miserable life.
94
10 "Church of Gay Jesus" Anna Mastro Sheila Callaghan January 14, 2018 (2018-01-14) 1.52[24]
Ian tries to get a handle on his newfound fame and attention from his "followers", as Frank finds a way to cash in. Meanwhile, Fiona struggles with her conscience as she decides to help the worker who fell off her roof. Lip deals with the sudden death of someone important to him, while Debbie starts doing some dangerous welding gigs. As Carl finds himself forced to marry Kassidi, Kev and V decide to help Svetlana to find a sugar daddy.
95
11 "A Gallagher Pedicure" Iain B. MacDonald Mark Steilen January 21, 2018 (2018-01-21) 1.52[25]
Fiona's homeless tenants sue her, while barricading themselves inside her apartment. Frank considers his retirement, while Lip decides to help a terrified Sierra against her newly released father. Despite warnings, Ian wants to provide sanctuary to a runaway teen, as Carl is showing Kassidi his life before dating her. After her injury, Debbie decides to sacrifice her toe surgery over her school, as she can't pay for both. As Kev and V are unable to get her a sugar daddy, Svetlana finds an unconventional solution to her problem.
96
12 "Sleepwalking" John Wells John Wells January 28, 2018 (2018-01-28) 1.73[26]
With the help of Ford, Fiona decides to "go Gallagher" to get rid of her homeless tenants and their lawsuit. Frank enrolls Liam in planning a burglary at his rich friend's house, but Liam is having second thoughts. After things got out of hand, Ian is forced to hide from the authorities. Debbie considers joint custody of Franny with Derek, in exchange for child support. As Lip makes a decision regarding his life and his relationship with Sierra, Carl tries to find a way to go back to military school behind Kassidi's back. Meanwhile, Kev and V help Svetlana to go through with her scheme.
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "We Become What We ... Frank!" November 5, 2017 0.7 1.86[15] 0.5 1.16 1.2 3.02[27]
2 "Where's My Meth?" November 12, 2017 0.5 1.37[16] N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 "God Bless Her Rotting Soul" November 19, 2017 0.5 1.34[17] N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 "Fuck Paying It Forward" November 26, 2017 0.6 1.59[18] 0.6 1.26 1.2 2.86[28]
5 "The (Mis)Education of Liam Fergus Beircheart
Gallagher" December 3, 2017 0.6 1.51[19] 0.5 1.42 1.1 2.93[29]
6 "Icarus Fell And Rusty Ate Him" December 10, 2017 0.5 1.52[20] 0.6 1.40 1.1 2.92[30]
7 "Occupy Fiona" December 17, 2017 0.5 1.58[21] N/A N/A N/A N/A
8 "Frank's Northern Southern Express" December 31, 2017 0.2 0.81[22] N/A N/A N/A N/A
9 "The Fugees" January 7, 2018 0.7 1.65[23] N/A N/A N/A N/A
10 "Church of Gay Jesus" January 14, 2018 0.6 1.52[24] 0.5 1.37 1.1 2.90[31]
11 "A Gallagher Pedicure" January 21, 2018 0.5 1.52[25] 0.6 1.38 1.1 2.89[32]
12 "Sleepwalking" January 28, 2018 0.6 1.73[26] 0.5 1.27 1.1 3.00[33]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 19, 2016). "'Shameless' Renewed For Season 8 By Showtime". Deadline. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jade, Saura (August 7, 2017). "TVLine Items: Shameless Return Date, DC's Legends Hails Caesar and More". TVLine. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Showtime(R) Picks Up Eighth Season of Its Hit Series "Shameless"". The Futon Critic. December 19, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goreshter, Isidora (January 28, 2018). "All good things must come to an end". Instagram. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Lesley (December 14, 2016). "'Shameless': Emmy Rossum Resolves Salary Standoff, Paving Way for Season 8". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Callaghan, Shelia (June 21, 2017). "we're back, babies!". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hampton, Shanola (June 21, 2017). "When you get an email with your first table read of SEASON 8 on a show you've been on since the pilot, you can't help but give God praise!!!". Twitter. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Paolo, Lyn (June 21, 2017). "@cameronmonaghan See you soon..." Twitter. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (August 24, 2017). "'Shameless' Casts Richard Flood; Merit Leighton Joins 'Alexa & Katie'". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.comingsoon.net/tv/trailers/891863-shameless-season-8-trailer-and-poster#/slide/1
Jump up ^ Modine, Ruby (June 26, 2017). "First table read". Instagram. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kenney, Emma (June 26, 2017). "GIRL VS VEGGIE BURGER. a truthful & telling series by @zackpearlman. friday night shoot vibezzz". Instagram. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (June 22, 2017). "Shameless enlists Jessica Szohr for Season 8 (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.comingsoon.net/tv/trailers/891863-shameless-season-8-trailer-and-poster#/slide/1
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 7, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.5.2017". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 14, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.12.2017". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 21, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.19.2017". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 29, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.26.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (December 5, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.3.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (December 12, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.10.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (December 19, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.17.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 3, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.31.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 9, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.7.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 17, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.14.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 23, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.21.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 30, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.28.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'American Horror Story: Cult' triples in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 30-Nov. 5". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 7, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' laps the field in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 20-26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' outpaces everything else in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 27-Dec. 3". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Top Chef' premiere more than doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Dec. 4-10". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'Nashville' grows by 400 percent in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 8-14". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'Assassination of Gianni Versace' posts solid gains in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 15-21". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'Waco' premiere doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 22-28". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
External links[edit]
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