text:
Kaun (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kaun?
DVD cover
Directed by
Ram Gopal Verma
Produced by
Mukesh Udeshi
Written by
Anurag Kashyap
Starring
Urmila Matondkar
Manoj Bajpayee
Sushant Singh
Music by
Sandeep Chowta
Cinematography
Mazhar Kamran
Edited by
Bhanodaya
Distributed by
Video Sound (Canada)
Video Sound (USA)
Release date
26 February 1999 (1999-02-26)
Running time
90 minutes
Country
India
Language
Hindi
Kaun? (English: Who?) is a 1999 Indian psychological thriller film directed by Ram Gopal Verma, written by Anurag Kashyap and starring Urmila Matondkar, Manoj Bajpayee and Sushant Singh. It was shot in 15 days.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
A young woman (Urmila Matondkar), home alone, is watching the news of a serial killer on television when the doorbell rings. The woman sees through the peephole that it is a young man, who later identifies himself as Sameer A. Purnavale (Manoj Bajpai), claiming to be a business partner of Mr. Malhotra. She is reluctant to open the door, due to the news of a killer on the loose. The woman claims that the house doesn't belong to Mr. Malhotra, but to Mr. Gupta. However, the man believing that there has been a mix up, persistently keeps ringing the doorbell even after the woman tells him that she won't let him in. To scare him away, the woman lies and tells the man that her husband is sleeping upstairs. The man then claims that he hears a noise upstairs so that if her husband is awake can he talk to him. Upon hearing this and a subsequent noise from within the house, the woman is spooked and runs outside. Purnavale then takes the woman back inside, reassuring her that he is protecting her.
When no one is found, she asks him to leave, and opens the door, only to find another man with a gun, who later identifies himself as Inspector Qureshi (Sushant Singh). The two doubt his credentials, and Qureshi phones the police station and calls for help. The two men then get into a fight, and during the struggle the woman gets hold of Qureshi's gun, and asks them to sit quietly. It is then revealed that the man claiming to be Inspector Qureshi is in fact a thief. The woman telephones her mother and asks her to contact the police.
Sameer tries to kill Qureshi, thinking that he is the serial killer and then uses the telephone to call the police, however he finds that the phone is not working. He is unable to understand what is happening and asks the woman to hide somewhere safe inside the house while trying to figure out a solution to the problem. The doorbell rings and Purnavale answers. He starts looking around for the woman, calling out to her that there was a man asking for Mr. Malhotra and is confused because the woman claimed when they met that the house belongs to Mr. Gupta. Whilst searching for her in the attic, Sameer stumbles upon a dead body and identifies it as that of Mr. Malhotra. Sameer panics and when he looks around the woman attacks him and in self-defense he tries to kill her. In this confusion, the thief who is mortally wounded stabs Sameer to death to save the woman, assuming that Sameer was the killer. Whilst the thief checks on Sameer's body, the woman begins humming and stabs the thief to death.
At the end of the movie it is established that the woman is mentally ill and is in fact the serial killer on the loose, as she cleans up the bodies and rearranges the furniture and proceeds to talk to her mother using the disconnected telephone. Before the credits it is shown there is another man at the door asking for Mr. Malhotra, she then turns to the camera and smiles devilishly.
Cast[edit]
Urmila Matondkar as Ma'am
Manoj Bajpayee as Sameer A. Purnavale
Sushant Singh as Inspector Qureshi / Thief
Reception[edit]
Anupama Chopra in her review for India Today stated, "Relentlessly experimental, he moved from the MTV love story Rangeela to the spoof-gone-poof Daud to the gritty underworld saga Satya without a pause. In Kaun, Varma takes a shot at an Ittefaq-style songless suspense thriller and almost pulls it off."[3] Suparn Verma of Rediff said, "The film starts with a big scare that leaves you feeling silly and, slowly, as the momentum picks up, it draws you in. You prepare for the worst, and end up jumping at shadows. Though the climax is a little long-drawn and leaves you with some unanswered questions, it delivers the required punch."[4]
The film became an above average grosser at box office. According to the Hindustan Times, Kaun enjoys a near cult status today.[5] An English version of the film Who's There was released online in 2014.[6]
Even after two decades of the release; Kaun is popular among movie fans who follow thriller-horror genre. The main element that makes this movie alive is the screenplay and characters of it, especially the one played by Manoj Bajpayee.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sahani, Alaka (6 June 2016). "Double Indemnity: What's common between Anurag Kashyap and Sriram Raghavan?". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kaun 1999". Bollywoodhungama.com. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Chopra, Anupama (8 March 1999). "Eerie experience". India Today. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Verma, Suparna (26 February 1999). "Whodunnit?!". Rediff. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Chintamani, Gautam (30 November 2012). "Who Did the Whodunits?". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Who's There — English (english version of Kaun?)". YouTube. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-05-28.
Jump up ^ "Kaun Movie (1999) Review - To The Point Reviews". Filmy Earth. 2018-02-22. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
External links[edit]
Kaun? on IMDb
[show]
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Ram Gopal Varma
Films directed
Siva (1989)
Shiva (1990)
Kshana Kshanam (1991)
Raat (1992)
Antham / Drohi (1992)
Gaayam (1993)
Govinda Govinda (1994)
Rangeela (1995)
Deyyam (1996)
Anaganaga Oka Roju (1997)
Daud: Fun on the Run (1997)
Satya (1998)
Prema Katha (1999)
Kaun (1999)
Mast (1999)
Jungle (2000)
Company (2002)
Bhoot (2003)
Naach (2004)
Madhyanam Hathya (2004)
Sarkar (2005)
Shiva (2006)
Darna Zaroori Hai (Story 2) (2006)
Nishabd (2007)
Aag (2007)
Darling (2007)
Sarkar Raj (2008)
Contract (2008)
Phoonk (2008)
Agyaat (2009)
Rann (2010)
Rakta Charitra (2010)
Katha Screenplay Darsakatvam Appalaraju (2011)
Dongala Mutha (2011)
Not a Love Story (2011)
Department (2012)
Bhoot Returns (2012)
The Attacks of 26/11 (2013)
Satya 2 (2013)
Rowdy (2014)
Ice Cream (2014)
Ice Cream 2 (2014)
Anukshanam (2014)
365 Days (2015)
Killing Veerappan (2016)
Attack (2016)
Veerappan (2016)
Vangaveeti (2016)
Sarkar 3 (2017)
Officer (2018)
Patta Pagalu (TBA)
Secret (TBA)
Written and produced
Money (1993)
Thiruda Thiruda (1993)
Money Money (1995)
Gulabi (1996)
W/o V. Vara Prasad (1998)
Dil Se.. (1998)
Shool (1999)
Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (2001)
Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega (2001)
Road (2002)
Company (2002)
Darna Mana Hai (2003)
Main Madhuri Dixit Banna Chahti Hoon (2003)
Ek Hasina Thi (2004)
Ab Tak Chhappan (2004)
Gayab (2004)
Vaastu Shastra (2004)
My Wife's Murder (2005)
D (2005)
Mr Ya Miss (2005)
Shabri (2005)
Shock (2006)
Darna Zaroori Hai (2006)
Darwaaza Bandh Rakho (2006)
Go (2007)
Phoonk 2 (2010)
Gaayam 2 (2010)
Bejawada (2011)
Psycho (2013)
Rai (2018)
Web series
Guns and Thighs (2017)
Kadapa (2017)
God, Sex and Truth (2018)
[show]
v
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Anurag Kashyap
Film directed
Paanch (unreleased)
Black Friday (2007)
Return of Hanuman (2007)
No Smoking (2007)
Gulaal (2009)
Dev.D (2009)
Mumbai Cutting (2010)
That Girl in Yellow Boots (2011)
Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 (2012)
Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2 (2012)
Bombay Talkies (Murabba) (2013)
Ugly (2013)
Bombay Velvet (2015)
Raman Raghav 2.0 (2016)
Mukkabaaz (2017)
Manmarziyaan (2018)
Films written only
Satya (1998) (screenplay and dialogues)
Kaun (1999)
Shool (1999) (dialogues)
Paisa Vasool (2004)
Yuva (dialogues)
Water (2005)
Fool & Final (2007)
Udaan (2010)
Hasee Toh Phasee (2014) (dialogues)
Films produced only
Udaan (2010)
Michael (2011)
Shaitan (2011)
Aiyyaa (2012)
Luv Shuv Tey Chicken Khurana (2012)
Tasher Desh (2012)
Peddlers (2012)
Monsoon Shootout (2013)
Shahid (2013)
The Lunchbox (2013)
Lootera (2013)
Hasee Toh Phasee (2014)
Queen (2014)
NH10 (2015)
Hunterrr (2015)
Masaan (2015)
Shaandaar (2015)
Udta Punjab (2016)
Wrong Side Raju (2016)
Trapped (2016)
Haraamkhor (2017)
Ghoomketu (2017)
Bhavesh Joshi (2018)
Shorts
Last Train to Mahakali (1999)
That Day After Everyday (2013)
Kali-Katha (2015)
See also
Anurag Kashyap filmography
Anurag Kashyap Films
Phantom Films
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaun_(film)&oldid=840160873"
Categories:
1999 films
1990s Hindi-language films
1990s thriller films
Films directed by Ram Gopal Varma
Films scored by Sandeep Chowta
Films about psychopaths
Haunted house films
Hindi-language films dubbed in Telugu
Indian avant-garde and experimental films
Indian films
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Indian horror films
Indian psychological thriller films
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text:
Alcohol laws of Wisconsin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The alcohol laws of Wisconsin consist of both statewide statutes and local ordinances governing the sale of alcohol.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Retail sale of alcohol
3 Beverage sale of alcohol
4 Drinking age
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
When Wisconsin became a state, settlers from the eastern United States (known as Yankees) took issue with the consumption of alcohol by German immigrants on Sunday, as well as the prevalence of alcoholism. The Wisconsin legislature passed a law in 1849 that made liquor sellers liable for the costs incurred by local governments in supporting alcoholics. Ten years later, the state prohibited liquor sales on Sundays.[1]
In 1872, alcohol regulation reached new heights in the state with the passage of the Graham Law. This legislation prohibited drunkenness and the sale of alcohol to minors, and required all liquor sellers to post a $2,000 bond (more than $30,000 in 2007 U.S. dollars).[2] German-Americans fought the new law in the courts and at the ballot box. Although they lost challenges in the courts, they were able to elect a legislature friendlier to alcohol consumption. In 1874, the new lawmakers passed less restrictive laws that lowered the bond to $500, allowed Sunday liquor sales, and created certain safe havens for liquor sellers to escape liability for alcoholics.[1]
Alcohol consumption was banned in Wisconsin during Prohibition (1920-1933). But even before Prohibition ended, Wisconsin created work-arounds. In 1926, voters approved a referendum allowing the manufacture of beer, if not its consumption. The state repealed its law enforcing Prohibition in 1929.[3] Wisconsin Senator John J. Blaine sponsored the Act that later became the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, ending Prohibition.[4] The state was the second to ratify the amendment on April 25, 1933.[5]
Retail sale of alcohol[edit]
State law prohibits retail sale of liquor and wine between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., and beer between midnight and 6:00 a.m.[6] State law allows local municipalities to further restrict retail sales of alcohol, or ban the issuance of retail liquor licenses altogether.[7] Local ordinances often prohibit retail beer sale after 9:00 p.m.
At least two municipalities in Wisconsin prohibited the retail sale of alcohol until recently: the city of Sparta,[8][9][10] and the village of Ephraim.[11][12] In the April 1, 2014 Wisconsin spring election, voters in Sparta narrowly passed a referendum to allow the sale of beer and wine in groceries and convenience stores. The ban on the sale of liquor within the city remains in effect.[13] In the April 5, 2016, voters in Ephraim passed a referendum to allow the sale of beer and wine in restaurants and businesses.[14]
Beverage sale of alcohol[edit]
State law requires that bars be closed between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. Monday through Friday and between 2:30 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Exceptions are made on New Year's Eve, when no closing is required, and for changes in Daylight Saving Time. State law does not permit municipalities to further restrict when bars must be closed.[6] Municipalities may elect, however, to prohibit the issuance of liquor licenses, making the municipality effectively dry.[7]
Drinking age[edit]
The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age.[15] Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.[6]
The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986.[16]
The NMDA law was amended to permit an exception for those persons who were between ages 18 and 21 on the effective date of the law. Wisconsin 19- and 20-year-olds were “grandfathered in” by this exception after enactment of Act 337. In effect, the state did not have a uniform age of 21 until September 1, 1988.[16]
See also[edit]
Dry county
List of dry communities by U.S. state#Wisconsin
Tavern League of Wisconsin
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Joseph A. Ranney, 'Aliens and "Real Americans": Law & Ethnic Assimilation in Wisconsin, 1846-1920', Wisconsin Lawyer.
Jump up ^ Consumer Price Index (CPI) Conversion Factors 1774 to estimated 2019 to Convert to Dollars of 2007 http://oregonstate.edu/cla/polisci/faculty-research/sahr/cv2007.pdf
Jump up ^ Joseph A. Ranney. "Demon rum and Sunday lager: The temperence movemenet (sic) in Wisconsin".
Jump up ^ Wisconsin Historical Society. Brewing and Prohibition. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-051/?action=more_essay
Jump up ^ Amendments to the Constitution http://www.house.gov/house/Constitution/Amend.html
^ Jump up to: a b c Wisconsin Department of Revenue. Wisconsin Alcohol Beverage and Tobacco Laws for Retailers. May 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Wis. Stat. 125.05 http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0125.pdf
Jump up ^ 'Referendum on beer, alcohol sales fails,' La Crosse Tribune, April 6, 2011, p. B2.
Jump up ^ Chris Hubbuch, "Sparta again says no to alcohol sales," La Crosse Tribune, April 8, 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.spartanewspapers.com/headlines.html
Jump up ^ http://www.ephraim-wisconsin.com/ephraim/ephraim+history/default.asp
Jump up ^ City of Oshkosh, Wisconsin Resolution, July 25, 2006 http://www.ci.oshkosh.wi.us/weblink8/0/doc/430545/Page1.aspx
Jump up ^ City of Sparta beer referendum narrowly passes
Jump up ^ 'Ephraim dry no more,' Samantha Hernandez, Green Bay Press-Gazette, April 5, 2016
Jump up ^ "Wisconsin State Statutes section 125.07(1)". Wisconsin State Statutes. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Brief 95-3: The Minimum Drinking Age in Wisconsin
[hide]
v
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Alcohol laws of the United States
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_laws_of_Wisconsin&oldid=804366223"
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text:
British royal family
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 August 2018.
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showRoyal family of
the United Kingdom and the
other Commonwealth realms
HM The Queen
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
HRH The Prince of Wales
HRH The Duchess of Cornwall
HRH The Duke of Cambridge
HRH The Duchess of Cambridge
HRH Prince George of Cambridge
HRH Princess Charlotte of Cambridge
HRH Prince Louis of Cambridge
HRH The Duke of Sussex
HRH The Duchess of Sussex
HRH The Princess Royal
HRH The Duke of York
HRH Princess Beatrice of York
HRH Princess Eugenie of York
HRH The Earl of Wessex
HRH The Countess of Wessex
HRH The Duke of Gloucester
HRH The Duchess of Gloucester
HRH The Duke of Kent
HRH The Duchess of Kent
HRH Princess Alexandra
HRH Prince Michael of Kent
HRH Princess Michael of Kent
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The British royal family comprises Queen Elizabeth II and her close relations. There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member of the British royal family.
Those who at the time are entitled to the style His or Her Royal Highness (HRH), and any styled His or Her Majesty (HM), are normally considered members, including those so styled before the beginning of the current monarch's reign. By this criterion, a list of the current royal family will usually include the monarch, the children and male-line grandchildren of the monarch and previous monarchs, the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, and all their current or widowed spouses.
Some members of the royal family have official residences named as the places from which announcements are made in the Court Circular about official engagements they have carried out. The state duties and staff of some members of the royal family are funded from a parliamentary annuity, the amount of which is fully refunded by the Queen to the Treasury.[1]
Since 1917, when King George V changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, members of the royal family belong, either by birth or by marriage, to the House of Windsor. Senior titled members of the royal family do not usually use a surname, although since 1960 Mountbatten-Windsor, incorporating Prince Philip's adopted surname of Mountbatten, has been prescribed as a surname for Elizabeth II's direct descendants who do not have royal styles and titles, and it has sometimes been used when required for those who do have such titles. In 2014 the royal family were regarded as British cultural icons, with young adults from abroad naming the family among a group of people that they most associated with UK culture.[2]
Contents
1 Status
2 Members
2.1 Family members not using a royal style
3 Family tree of members
4 In other Commonwealth realms
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Status[edit]
On 30 November 1917, King George V issued letters patent defining the styles and titles of members of the royal family; the text of the notice from the London Gazette is:[3]
Whitehall, 11th December, 1917.
The KING has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the 30th ultimo, to define the styles and titles to be borne henceforth by members of the royal family. It is declared by the Letters Patent that the children of any Sovereign of the United Kingdom and the children of the sons of any such Sovereign and the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of honour; that save as aforesaid the titles of Royal Highness, Highness or Serene Highness, and the titular dignity of Prince and Princess shall cease except those titles already granted and remaining unrevoked; and that the grandchildren of the sons of any such Sovereign in the direct male line (save only the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) shall have the style and title enjoyed by the children of Dukes.
In 1996 Queen Elizabeth II modified these letters patent, and this Notice appeared in the London Gazette:[4]
The QUEEN has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 21st August 1996, to declare that a former wife (other than a widow until she shall remarry) of a son of a Sovereign of these Realms, of a son of a son of a Sovereign and of the eldest living son of the eldest son of The Prince of Wales shall not be entitled to hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness.
On 31 December 2012, letters patent were issued to extend a title and a style borne by members of the royal family to additional persons to be born, and this Notice appeared in the London Gazette:[5]
The QUEEN has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 31 December 2012 to declare that all the children of the eldest son of The Prince of Wales should have and enjoy the style, title and attribute of Royal Highness with the titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their Christian names or with such other titles of honour.
Members and relatives of the British royal family historically represented the monarch in various places throughout the British Empire, sometimes for extended periods as viceroys, or for specific ceremonies or events. Today, they often perform ceremonial and social duties throughout the United Kingdom and abroad on behalf of the United Kingdom. Aside from the monarch, their only constitutional role in the affairs of government is to serve, if eligible and when appointed by letters patent, as a Counsellor of State, two or more of whom exercise the authority of the Crown (within stipulated limits) if the monarch is indisposed or abroad. In the other countries of the Commonwealth royalty do not serve as Counsellors of State, although they may perform ceremonial and social duties on behalf of individual states or the organisation.
The Queen, her consort, her children and grandchildren, as well as all former sovereigns' children and grandchildren, hold places in the first sections of the official orders of precedence in England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Wives of the said enjoy their husbands' precedence, and husbands of princesses are unofficially but habitually placed with their wives as well. However, the Queen changed the private order of precedence in the royal family in favour of Princesses Anne and Alexandra, who henceforth take private precedence over the Duchess of Cornwall, who is otherwise the realm's highest ranking woman after the Queen herself.[6][7] She did not alter the relative precedence of other born-princesses, such as the daughters of her younger sons.
Members[edit]
See also: List of members of the House of Windsor
The royal family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the annual Trooping the Colour in 2013
This is a list of members of the royal family as of 2018[update]:
The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh (the monarch and her husband)
The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall[a] (the Queen's son and daughter-in-law)
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge (the Queen's grandson and granddaughter-in-law)
Prince George of Cambridge (the Queen's great-grandson)
Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (the Queen's great-granddaughter)
Prince Louis of Cambridge (the Queen's great-grandson)
The Duke and Duchess of Sussex (the Queen's grandson and granddaughter-in-law)
The Princess Royal (the Queen's daughter)
The Duke of York (the Queen's son)
Princess Beatrice of York (the Queen's granddaughter)
Princess Eugenie of York (the Queen's granddaughter)
The Earl and Countess of Wessex (the Queen's son and daughter-in-law)
The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester (the Queen's cousin and cousin-in-law)
The Duke and Duchess of Kent (the Queen's cousin and cousin-in-law)
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (the Queen's cousin)
Prince and Princess Michael of Kent (the Queen's cousin and cousin-in-law)
Family members not using a royal style[edit]
There are a few immediate family members (a spouse and the children and grandchildren of its current full or deceased members) using no royal style who sometimes appear in listings:[8][9]
Lady Louise Windsor and James, Viscount Severn (the Queen's grandchildren through her son Prince Edward)[b]
Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence (the Queen's son-in-law)
Peter and Autumn Phillips (the Queen's grandson and granddaughter-in-law)
Savannah Phillips (the Queen's great-granddaughter)
Isla Phillips (the Queen's great-granddaughter)
Zara and Mike Tindall (the Queen's granddaughter and grandson-in-law)
Mia Tindall (the Queen's great-granddaughter)
Lena Tindall (the Queen's great-granddaughter)
The Earl and Countess of Snowdon (the Queen's nephew and niece-in-law)
Viscount Linley (the Queen's great-nephew)
Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones (the Queen's great-niece)
Lady Sarah and Daniel Chatto (the Queen's niece and nephew-in-law)
Samuel Chatto (the Queen's great-nephew)
Arthur Chatto (the Queen's great-nephew)
Sarah, Duchess of York (the Queen's former daughter-in-law)
Family tree of members[edit]
See also: Family tree of the British royal family
showRoyal family tree
King George V Queen Mary
King George VI Queen Elizabeth Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester Prince George, Duke of Kent Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent
The Duke of Edinburgh The Queen The Duke of Gloucester The Duchess of Gloucester The Duke of Kent The Duchess of Kent Princess Alexandra, The Hon Lady Ogilvy Prince Michael of Kent Princess Michael of Kent
Diana, Princess of Wales[N 1]
(div. 1996) The Prince of Wales The Duchess of Cornwall The Princess Royal The Duke of York Sarah, Duchess of York
(div. 1996) The Earl of Wessex The Countess of Wessex
The Duke of Cambridge The Duchess of Cambridge The Duke of Sussex The Duchess of Sussex Princess Beatrice of York Princess Eugenie of York Lady Louise Windsor Viscount Severn
Prince George of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge
Notes
Jump up ^ The Prince of Wales' first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, died in a car crash in 1997. They had divorced in 1996. She lost the style of Royal Highness but remained a member of the royal family to reflect the fact she was the mother of the second and third in line to the throne, Prince William and Prince Harry.
In other Commonwealth realms[edit]
As the royal family is shared by other Commonwealth realms, its members will often also conduct official and non-official duties outside the United Kingdom, on behalf of the relevant state.
Further information: Royal family's role in the realms
See also[edit]
Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
British prince
British princess
Succession to the British throne
Royal descent
Military service by the members of the British royal family
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Duchess of Cornwall is legally also the Princess of Wales, but does not use this title out of respect for the Prince of Wales' first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales.
Jump up ^ As male-line grandchildren of the monarch, the children of the Earl and Countess of Wessex are entitled to the style of HRH Prince... and HRH Princess... respectively. However, when the Earl and Countess married, the Queen, via a Buckingham Palace press release, announced that their children would be styled as the children of an earl, rather than as princes or princesses.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sovereign Grant Act: main provisions
Jump up ^ "Culture, attraction and soft power" (PDF). British Council. 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "No. 30428". The London Gazette. 14 December 1917. p. 13086.
Jump up ^ "No. 54510". The London Gazette. 30 August 1996. p. 11603.
Jump up ^ "No. 60384". The London Gazette. 8 January 2013. p. 213.
Jump up ^ Davies, Caroline (24 December 2005). "First royal Sandringham Christmas for Camilla". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Eden, Richard (24 June 2012). "The Queen tells the Duchess of Cambridge to curtsy to the 'blood princesses'". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lord Chamberlain's Diamond Jubilee Guidelines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Trade Marks Manual" (PDF). Intellectual Property Office. p. 204. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
Jump up ^ UK Government News – 19th June, 1999: TITLE OF HRH THE PRINCE EDWARD (Accessed 18 January 2014)
Further reading[edit]
Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. Burke's Peerage, 1973.
Cannon, John Ashton. The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford University Press, 1988.
Churchill, Randolph S. They Serve the Queen: A New and Authoritative Account of the Royal Household. ("Prepared for Coronation Year") Hutchinson, 1953.
Fraser, Antonia (ed). The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England. Revised & updated edition. University of California Press, 1998.
Hayden, Ilse. Symbol and Privilege: The Ritual Context of British Royalty. University of Arizona Press, 1987.
Longford, Elizabeth Harman (Countess of Longford). The Royal House of Windsor. Revised edition. Crown, 1984.
Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Pimlico/Random House, 2002.
Royal Family (1969) is a celebrated and reverential BBC documentary made by Richard Cawston to accompany the investiture of the current Prince of Wales. The documentary is frequently held responsible for the greater press intrusion into the royal family's private life since its first broadcast.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to British royal family.
Official website of the royal family
Official YouTube Channel
"House of Windsor Family Tree" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2010. (74.2 KB)
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Articles relating to the British royal family
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English, Scottish and British monarchs
Monarchs of England before 1603 Monarchs of Scotland before 1603
Alfred the Great
Edward the Elder
Ælfweard
Æthelstan
Edmund I
Eadred
Eadwig
Edgar the Peaceful
Edward the Martyr
Æthelred the Unready
Sweyn
Edmund II
Cnut
Harold I
Harthacnut
Edward the Confessor
Harold II
Edgar Ætheling
William I
William II
Henry I
Stephen
Matilda
Henry II
Henry the Young King
Richard I
John
Henry III
Edward I
Edward II
Edward III
Richard II
Henry IV
Henry V
Henry VI
Edward IV
Edward V
Richard III
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
Jane
Mary I and Philip
Elizabeth I
Kenneth I MacAlpin
Donald I
Constantine I
Áed
Giric
Eochaid
Donald II
Constantine II
Malcolm I
Indulf
Dub
Cuilén
Amlaíb
Kenneth II
Constantine III
Kenneth III
Malcolm II
Duncan I
Macbeth
Lulach
Malcolm III
Donald III
Duncan II
Donald III
Edgar
Alexander I
David I
Malcolm IV
William I
Alexander II
Alexander III
Margaret of Norway
John Balliol
Robert I
David II
Edward Balliol
Robert II
Robert III
James I
James II
James III
James IV
James V
Mary I
James VI
Monarchs of England and Scotland after the Union of the Crowns in 1603
James VI & I
Charles I
Charles II
James II & VII
William III & II and Mary II
Anne
British monarchs after the Acts of Union 1707
Anne
George I
George II
George III
George IV
William IV
Victoria
Edward VII
George V
Edward VIII
George VI
Elizabeth II
Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.
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British consorts
George of Denmark (1707–1708)
Caroline of Ansbach (1727–1737)
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1761–1818)
Caroline of Brunswick (1820–1821)
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1830–1837)
Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1840–1861)
Alexandra of Denmark (1901–1910)
Mary of Teck (1910–1936)
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1936–1952)
Philip of Greece and Denmark (1952–)
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English royal consorts
Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Æthelflæd of Damerham
Ælfgifu
Ælfthryth
Ælfgifu of York
Sigrid the Haughty/Świętosława
Ealdgyth
Emma of Normandy
Edith of Wessex
Edith of Mercia
Matilda of Flanders
Matilda of Scotland
Adeliza of Louvain
Matilda of Boulogne
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Margaret of France
Berengaria of Navarre
Isabella of Angoulême
Eleanor of Provence
Eleanor of Castile
Margaret of France
Isabella of France
Philippa of Hainault
Anne of Bohemia
Isabella of Valois
Joan of Navarre
Catherine of Valois
Margaret of Anjou
Elizabeth Woodville
Anne Neville
Elizabeth of York
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
Lord Guildford Dudley
Philip II of Spain
Anne of Denmark
Henrietta Maria of France
Catherine of Braganza
Mary of Modena
George of Denmark
Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.
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Scottish royal consorts
Gruoch (c. 1040 – 1057)
Ingibiorg Finnsdottir (1058–1069)
Margaret of Wessex (1070–1093)
Ethelreda of Northumbria (1093–1094)
Sybilla of Normandy (1107–1122)
Maud of Northumbria (1124–1130)
Ermengarde de Beaumont (1186–1214)
Joan of England (1221–1238)
Marie de Coucy (1239–1249)
Margaret of England (1251–1275)
Yolande de Dreux (1285–1286)
Elizabeth de Burgh (1306–1327)
Joan of the Tower (1329–1362)
Margaret Drummond (1364–1369)
Euphemia de Ross (1371–1386)
Anabella Drummond (1390–1401)
Joan Beaufort (1424–1437)
Mary of Guelders (1449–1460)
Margaret of Denmark (1469–1486)
Margaret Tudor (1503–1513)
Madeleine of Valois (1537)
Mary of Guise (1538–1542)
Francis II of France (1558–1560)
Henry, Duke of Albany (1565–1567)
James, Earl of Bothwell (1567)
Anne of Denmark (1589–1619)
Henrietta Maria of France (1625–1649)
Catherine of Braganza (1662–1685)
Mary of Modena (1685–1688)
George, Duke of Cumberland (1702–1707)
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British princes
The generations indicate descent from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family.
1st generation
King George II
2nd generation
Frederick, Prince of Wales
Prince George William
Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
3rd generation
King George III
Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
Prince Frederick
4th generation
King George IV
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
King William IV
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
King Ernest Augustus of Hanover
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
Prince Octavius
Prince Alfred
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
5th generation
Prince Albert1
King George V of Hanover
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
6th generation
King Edward VII
Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Prince Ernest Augustus
7th generation
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale
King George V
Prince Alexander John of Wales
Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Arthur of Connaught
Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince George William of Hanover
Prince Christian of Hanover
Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
8th generation
King Edward VIII
King George VI
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
Prince George, Duke of Kent
Prince John
Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover
Prince George William of Hanover
9th generation
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh2
Prince William of Gloucester
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
Prince Michael of Kent
10th generation
Charles, Prince of Wales
Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
11th generation
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
James, Viscount Severn3
12th generation
Prince George of Cambridge
Prince Louis of Cambridge
1 Not a British prince by birth, but created Prince Consort. 2 Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. 3 Status debatable; see his article.
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British princesses
The generations indicate descent from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family. Where a princess may have been or is descended from George I more than once, her most senior descent, by which she bore or bears her title, is used.
1st generation
Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia
2nd generation
Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
Princess Amelia
Princess Caroline
Mary, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
Louise, Queen of Denmark and Norway
3rd generation
Duchess Augusta of Brunswick
Princess Elizabeth
Princess Louisa
Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway
4th generation
Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Württemberg
Princess Augusta Sophia
Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Princess Sophia
Princess Amelia
Princess Sophia of Gloucester
Princess Caroline of Gloucester
5th generation
Princess Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
Queen Victoria
Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
6th generation
Victoria, Princess Royal and German Empress
Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
Princess Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
Princess Frederica, Baroness von Pawel-Rammingen
Princess Marie of Hanover
7th generation
Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife
Princess Victoria
Maud, Queen of Norway
Marie, Queen of Romania
Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia
Princess Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera
Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden
Princess Patricia, Lady Patricia Ramsay
Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone
Princess Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden
Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Princess Olga of Hanover
8th generation
Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife
Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk
Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten
Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Frederica, Queen of Greece
9th generation
Queen Elizabeth II
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
10th generation
Anne, Princess Royal
11th generation
Princess Beatrice of York
Princess Eugenie of York
Lady Louise Windsor1
12th generation
Princess Charlotte of Cambridge
1 Status debatable; see her article.
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British princesses by marriage
1st generation
Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2nd generation
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
3rd generation
Maria Waldegrave
Anne Horton
4th generation
Duchess Caroline of Brunswick
Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia
Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
The Princess Mary*
5th generation
Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
6th generation
Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Princess Thyra of Denmark
7th generation
Princess Mary of Teck
Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife*
Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein
Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia
8th generation
Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott
Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
9th generation
Birgitte van Deurs
Katharine Worsley
Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz
10th generation
Lady Diana Spencer
Camilla Parker Bowles
Sarah Ferguson
Sophie Rhys-Jones
11th generation
Catherine Middleton
Meghan Markle
* also a British princess in her own right
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European royal families
Reigning
Belgium
Denmark
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Non reigning pretenders
Albania
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Cyprus
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hanover
Italy
Lithuania
Montenegro
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
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