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European Union (Withdrawal) Bill
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European Union (Withdrawal) Bill 2017-19
Parliament of the United Kingdom
A Bill to Repeal the European Communities Act 1972 and make other provision in connection with the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU.
Territorial extent
United Kingdom
(England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland)
Gibraltar (with some extensions[a])
Legislative history
Bill citation
HC Bill 5 2017-19
Bill published on
13 July 2017
Introduced by
David Davis, Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
First reading
13 July 2017
(in the House of Commons)
Second reading
7 and 11 September 2017
[1]
(in the House of Commons)
Third reading
17 January 2018 (in the House of Commons)
White paper
[2] [3]
Related legislation
European Communities Act 1972
Part of a series of articles on the
United Kingdom
in the
European Union
show
Accession
1973 EC enlargement
1975 Referendum Act
1975 EC membership referendum
1972 EC Act
UK rebate
2011 EU Act

show
Membership
Brand EU
EU Four
The Euro
European Movement UK
Nationality law
UK Euroscepticism
Maastricht Rebels
Black Wednesday

Officials and bodies
EU Committee
European Scrutiny Committee
Northern Ireland Executive in Brussels
EU Representative in London
Young European Movement UK
UK European Commissioners
Permanent EU Representatives

Legislation
1972 EC Act
1986 EC (Amendment) Act
1993 EC (Amendment) Act
1998 EC (Amendment) Act
2002 EC (Amendment) Act
2008 EU (Amendment) Act
2011 EU Act

European Parliament Elections
1979
1984
1989
1994
1999
2004
2009
2014
1973 delegation
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
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8th
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Withdrawal
2004–05 EU Bill
2013–14 EU (Referendum) Bill
2015–16 EU membership renegotiation
2015 EU Referendum Act
2016 EU (Referendum) Act (Gibraltar)

2016 EU membership referendum
Causes
Endorsements
Issues
Opinion polling

Campaigns
Organisations advocating and campaigning
for a referendum
People's Pledge
Labour for a Referendum
Leave
Vote Leave (official lead group)
Business for Britain
Conservatives for Britain
Students for Britain
Labour Leave
Leave.EU
Bpoplive (cancelled)
Grassroots Out
Get Britain Out
The Freedom Association
Better Off Out
Other anti-EU advocacy organisations
Bruges Group
Campaign for an Independent Britain
Remain
Britain Stronger in Europe (official lead group)
Labour In for Britain
European Movement UK
Other pro-EU advocacy organisations
Britain in Europe
British Influence
Business for New Europe
New Europeans
Nucleus
People's Vote
Pejorative term for pro-EU advocacy
Project Fear
Media coverage
Brexit: The Movie
In or Out

Aftermath
Results
International reactions
Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bill 2016-17
2016 Conservative Party election
2016 Labour Party election
2017 Liberal Democrats Party election
Proposed second Scottish independence referendum
Proposed London independence
The New European
European Union (Withdrawal) Bill
Gibraltar
2017 General Election
UK's relations with EU after 2019

Triggering of Article 50 & Negotiations
R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union'
EU (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017
UK invocation of Article 50
Brexit negotiations
Department for Exiting the EU (Brexit Department)
Secretary of State (Brexit Secretary)
Department for International Trade
Secretary of State (International Trade Secretary)

Post-referendum organisations
Change Britain
More United
Open Britain

See also
United Ireland
show
Calls for second vote
Organisations campaigning
for a second vote via People's Vote
Britain for Europe
European Movement UK
For our Future’s Sake
Healthier IN
InFacts
Open Britain
Our Future Our Choice
Scientists for EU
Wales for Europe

See also
Opposition to Brexit in the United Kingdom
v
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The European Union (Withdrawal) Bill,[b] is a bill of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that proposes to implement the country's exit from the European Union (Brexit) by repealing the European Communities Act 1972 which first brought the UK into what became the EU. This will "cut off the source of EU law in the UK... and remove the competence of EU institutions to legislate for the UK."[3] As such, "It is the most significant constitutional bill which has been introduced by the Government since the Bill for the European Communities Act itself in 1972."[3]
To provide legal continuity, it will also transpose directly-applicable already-existing EU law into UK law,[4] and so "create a new category of domestic law for the United Kingdom: retained EU law."[3] It will also give ministers the power to adapt and remove laws that are no longer relevant.
Prior to its publication, the proposed bill was commonly called the Repeal Bill or Great Repeal Bill.[5] It was read the first time in the House of Commons on 13 July 2017, and completed its passage through the Commons on 17 January 2018, by passing the Third Reading by 324 votes to 295. It completed its passage through the House of Lords on 16 May 2018, after peers passed a number of amendments, including 15 defeats for the Government.[6] These amendments will be debated and voted on by the House of Commons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Objectives
2 Legislative history
2.1 House of Commons First and Second Readings
2.2 House of Commons Committee Stage
2.3 House of Commons Report Stage and Third Reading
2.4 House of Lords First and Second Readings and Committee Stage
2.5 House of Lords Report Stage
2.6 House of Lords Third Reading
2.7 Consideration of Amendments
3 Henry VIII clauses
4 Impact on devolution
5 Good Friday Agreement
6 EU case law
7 Human rights laws
8 Additional repeals
9 Amendments
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
Objectives[edit]
A white paper published on 30 March 2017 stated three objectives for the proposed Repeal Bill:
Repeal the European Communities Act 1972 on the day the UK leaves the EU.
Copy up to 20,000 pieces of EU law onto the UK statute book by:[7]
converting directly-applicable EU law (EU regulations) into UK law.
preserving all laws that have been made in the UK to implement EU obligations.
continuing to make available in UK law the rights in EU treaties, that are relied on directly in court by an individual.
giving ECJ/CJEU case law the same binding, or precedent, status in UK courts as Supreme Court decisions (and also as Scottish High Court decisions, in terms of Scottish criminal law).
ending the supremacy of EU law in the United Kingdom.[8]:ch.2
Create powers to make secondary legislation[8]:ch.3 under statutory instrument procedures (informally called Henry VIII clauses).
Legislative history[edit]
In October 2016 the Prime Minister, Theresa May, promised a "Great Repeal Bill", which would repeal the European Communities Act 1972 and restate in UK law all enactments previously in force under EU law. It would smooth the transition by ensuring that all laws remain in force until specifically repealed.[9][5]
House of Commons First and Second Readings[edit]
On 13 July 2017, David Davis, the Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, introduced the bill in the House of Commons. As a government bill, this first reading was pro forma, with the first debate taking place on the second reading.[10]
The second reading and debate on the bill began on 7 September 2017.[11][12] The debate and second reading resumed on 11 September.[12][13] Shortly after midnight on 12 September, the second reading passed by a margin of 326 to 290, a majority of 36 votes,[12][14] after an amendment proposed by the Labour Party was rejected by a margin of 318 to 296.[15] A motion to put the Bill under eight days of Committee scrutiny passed 318 to 301.[15]
House of Commons Committee Stage[edit]
The Committee stage was originally scheduled to take place after MPs returned to Parliament following the conclusion, in October, of their respective party conferences.[11] However, House of Commons leader Andrea Leadsom announced on 26 October that the committee stage was to begin on 14 November.[16] Committee stage began as scheduled on 14 November[17] as a Committee of the Whole House, and completed on 20 December 2017.
MPs tabled more than 470 amendments to the bill,[17] and one of these provided Theresa May's government with its first defeat on government business, as MPs voted by 309 to 305 to give Parliament a legal guarantee of a vote on the final Brexit deal struck with Brussels.[18] The government had originally suggested that as the bill will be a major focus of the parliamentary debate on Brexit as a whole, it would provide an alternative to a vote on the deal agreed in the Brexit negotiations.[19] However, on 13 November 2017 the government announced that it would introduce a separate Withdrawal Agreement and Implementation Bill to deal separately with examining an agreement from the negotiations between the UK and EU, if any is reached, which would provide Parliament with a vote, but this did not prevent the amendment to the bill being passed.
Although the bill is planned to be enacted during the Brexit negotiations, it will not come into force until 'exit day'. As originally tabled, the bill did not give a date for 'exit day', but said that " 'exit day' means such day as a Minister of the Crown may by regulations appoint".[20] If no time is specified, it was to be "the beginning of that day".[20] However, the government tabled an amendment in Committee Stage so the bill now says " 'exit day' means 29 March 2019 at 11.00 p.m". To avoid a second possible defeat,[21] the government accepted a further amendment that "A Minister of the Crown may by regulations amend the definition of 'exit day' ",[20] allowing for flexibility in the event of a transitional deal, or extra time being needed in the negotiations.
There was a total of 40 divisions during Committee Stage.[22] Proposed amendments that were not passed include:
An amendment to exclude the section of the bill which states that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union will not be part of domestic law after exit day, was defeated by 311 votes to 301.[23] On 5 December the Government had published an analysis setting out how each article of the charter will be reflected in UK law after Brexit.[24]
An amendment to allow the UK to remain in the EU Customs Union was defeated by 320 votes to 114.[25]
An amendment to hold a referendum on whether to: (1) accept the final exit deal agreed with the EU; or (2) remain in the EU, was defeated by 319 votes to 23.[26]
House of Commons Report Stage and Third Reading[edit]
The Report Stage and Third Reading happened on 16 and 17 January 2018.[27] The bill passed Third Reading by 324 votes to 295.[28]
House of Lords First and Second Readings and Committee Stage[edit]
The bill had its First Reading in the Lords on 18 January 2018,[29] and Second Reading on 30 and 31 January 2018,[27] and committed to a Committee of the Whole House. This lasted for eleven days between 21 February and 28 March.[30]
House of Lords Report Stage[edit]
As part of the Lords Report Stage, a number of amendments were passed, of which 170 were proposed by the Government, and 14 were defeats for the Government.[31] The defeats included:
First defeat: A proposal requiring ministers to report on the Government's efforts to negotiate a continued customs union between the EU and the UK was passed by 348 to 225 – a majority of 123.[32][33]
Second defeat: A proposal that certain areas of retained EU Law cannot be amended or repealed after Exit by Ministers, but only through primary legislation (i.e. an Act of Parliament), was passed by 314 to 217 – a majority of 97.[34] These areas of retained EU Law are: (a) employment entitlements, rights and protection; (b) equality entitlements, rights and protection; (c) health and safety entitlements, rights and protection; (d) consumer standards; and (e) environmental standards and protection.[35] Even technical changes to the retained EU Law in these areas can only be made with approval of both Houses of Parliament, and following 'an enhanced scrutiny procedure'.
Third defeat: One of the few pieces of EU Law the bill proposed to repeal, rather than transpose into UK Law, was the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, but an amendment to keep the Charter part of UK Law after Exit was passed by 316 to 245, majority 71.[36][37]
Sixth defeat: A proposal to amend a clause that originally gave ministers power to make 'appropriate' changes to legislation, to instead give them power to make 'necessary' changes, was passed by 349 votes to 221 – a majority of 128, 25 April 2018.[38][39]
Tenth defeat: The Lords voted in favour of inserting a new clause regarding the continuation of North-South co-operation and the prevention of new border arrangements between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, 309 votes to 242 – a majority of 67.[40][41]
On 30 April, a proposal to advance a second EU Referendum was rejected by the Lords 260 votes to 202 – a majority of 58.[42]
House of Lords Third Reading[edit]
During Third Reading on 16 May 2018, the Government suffered its 15th defeat in the Lords, and 16th overall, relating to the maintenance of EU environmental principles and standards. The bill then passed Third Reading.[27]
Consideration of Amendments[edit]
The Commons will debate and vote on the amendments proposed by the Lords.
Henry VIII clauses[edit]
In March 2017, a report by Thomson Reuters identified 52,741 pieces of legislation that have been passed since 1990. Transferring European legislation into British law is the quickest way to ensure continuity.[43][44] Because these may refer to EU institutions that the UK will no longer belong to, or use phrasing assuming that the UK is an EU member state, they cannot simply be directly converted into law. Redrafting all of the tens of thousands of laws affected and voting on them through Parliament would be an impossibly time-consuming process, so the bill includes provisions, informally known as Henry VIII clauses, which would allow ministers to make secondary legislation to amend or remove these laws (both primary and secondary legislation) to resolve "deficiencies" by making statutory instruments.
The powers are divided between two sections. Section 7 makes provision for ministers to correct "deficiencies" in law (including references to EU institutions that the UK is no longer a member of, EU treaties that are no longer relevant, and redundancies), and expires two years after the UK leaves the EU. These proposed powers could not be used to make secondary legislation for
Imposing or increasing taxation.
Making retrospective provision.
Creating a relevant criminal offence.
Amending, repealing or revoking the Human Rights Act 1998 or any subordinate legislation made under it.
Amending or repealing the Northern Ireland Act 1998 (with some limited exceptions).[2]:§7
Section 9 offers ministers substantially broader powers to make changes to legislation. This grants the ability to "make any provision that could be made by an Act of Parliament (including modifying this Act)", "if the Minister considers that such provision should be in force on or before exit day". The same restrictions apply to these powers (except that they can be used to amend or repeal the Northern Ireland Act 1998), and they expire on the day the UK leaves the EU.[2]:§9
Although some safeguards are included to limit the situations in which law can be modified, the provisions granting these powers have been criticised for being too wide-ranging; in particular section 9, which de facto gives ministers the ability to create or repeal any law (including itself) and could be used to bypass a Parliamentary vote in the final days of negotiations.[45] While pro-Remain and Soft Brexit parties have criticised the powers it gives the government, Dominic Cummings of Vote Leave instead criticised the clause for giving too much power to the EU – as section 9 powers can be used to modify the Bill itself, it would empower the government to "ditch almost [the] entire Bill via final agreement with EU" and backtrack on parts of withdrawal in the final days of negotiations.[46]
The bill also allows ministers to make statutory instruments without presenting drafts to Parliament in certain cases deemed urgent.[2]:sch.7, pt.3 These instruments expire after one month. Labour has threatened to oppose the bill unless the scope of these statutory instruments is reduced.[47]
Impact on devolution[edit]
In devolved administrations, the powers currently exercised by the EU in relation to common policy frameworks would return to the UK, allowing the rules to be set in the UK by democratically-elected representatives. Ministers of devolved administrations would be given the power to amend devolved legislation to correct law that would not operate appropriately following Brexit.[8]:ch.4 However, the bill also prevents devolved administrations from making changes that are "inconsistent" with those made by the UK government.[2]:sch.2, pt.3(2) This significantly limits the power of the devolved governments by making it impossible for them to, for example, choose to retain a piece of EU law that has been modified by the UK government.[45] The First Ministers of Scotland and Wales, Nicola Sturgeon and Carwyn Jones, issued a joint statement calling the bill a "naked power grab" and threatening to withhold Legislative Consent Motions unless the bill was redrafted.[48]
Good Friday Agreement[edit]
On Wednesday 2 May 2018, the government was defeated in the House of Lords on an amendment which required that ministers and the final Brexit settlement should comply with and honour the terms of the Northern Ireland Act 1998, which embodies the Good Friday Agreement.[49][50]
EU case law[edit]
At present, case law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) is binding on UK courts. The bill will have ECJ case law retained as law, but allow the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and Scotland's High Court of Justiciary to depart from it, after applying the same test as they would apply in deciding whether to depart from their own case law. ECJ judgments made after the date of exit will no longer automatically become binding in the United Kingdom.[2]:§6
Human rights laws[edit]
The bill makes explicit that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union will cease to be a part of UK law after Brexit.[2]:§5(4) Retaining this charter was one of the demands of Shadow Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union Keir Starmer, and Labour and the Liberal Democrats have threatened to withhold support as long as this provision remains.[47][51]
In the explanatory notes to the bill, one example given of the possible uses of the Henry VIII clauses was to "modify, limit or remove the rights which domestic law presently grants to EU nationals" if no deal was reached, although the legality of this would depend on whether EU citizens' rights were deemed a deficiency, and whether removing existing rights (by delegated (secondary) legislation) might possibly constitute potentially impermissible retrospective legislation.[52]:p.10[53]
Additional repeals[edit]
In addition to the repeal of the European Communities Act 1972, the bill also proposes to repeal the following Acts:
European Communities (Greek Accession) Act 1979
European Communities (Spanish and Portuguese Accession) Act 1985
European Union (Accessions) Act 1994
European Union (Accessions) Act 2003
European Union (Accessions) Act 2006
European Union (Croatian Accession and Irish Protocol) Act 2013
European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002
European Parliament (Representation) Act 2003
European Union (Amendment) Act 2008
European Union Act 2011
European Union (Approval of Treaty Amendment Decision) Act 2012
European Union (Approvals) Act 2013
European Union (Approvals) Act 2014
European Union (Approvals) Act 2015
European Union (Approvals) Act 2017
European Union (Finance) Act 2015
European Union Referendum Act 2015
Sections 82 and 88(5)(c) of the Serious Crime Act 2015
Amendments[edit]
The bill proposes amendments to the following Acts:
Finance Act 1973
Interpretation Act 1978
European Economic Area Act 1993
Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995
Human Rights Act 1998
Scotland Act 1998
Northern Ireland Act 1998
Government of Wales Act 2006
Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010
Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015
See also[edit]
Book: Brexit, Article 50, and other articles
Book: Britain, Ireland and the European Union
European Union law
Brexit
Brexit negotiations
European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017
List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the European Communities (1957-1993) & European Union (1993- )
United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Section 18(2): "Any provision of this Act which amends or repeals an enactment has the same extent as the enactment amended or repealed."
Section 18(3): "Regulations under section 7 or 17 may make provision which extends to Gibraltar—(a) modifying any enactment which—(i) extends to Gibraltar and relates to European Parliamentary elections, or (ii) extends to Gibraltar for any purpose which is connected with Gibraltar forming part of an electoral region, under the European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002, for the purposes of such elections, or (b) which is supplementary, incidental, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision in connection with a modification within paragraph (a)."
Jump up ^ Full reference European Union (Withdrawal) Bill [HC], Bill 5, 2017-19; that is, House of Commons bill number 5 of parliamentary session 2017–2019.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hansard[1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill (HC Bill 5)". Public Bills before Parliament 2017-19. UK Parliament. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c House of Commons Library Briefing Paper on Second Reading https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-8079
Jump up ^ Stewart, Heather (12 July 2017). "Labour threat to defeat Theresa May over Brexit bill" – via The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b "Repeal bill: All you need to know". 13 July 2017 – via www.bbc.com. The day after triggering Brexit, the government published details of its 'Great Repeal Bill'…. It is now being introduced to Parliament, with the formal title of the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill.
Jump up ^ "Brexit: EU Withdrawal bill suffers 15th defeat in Lords". BBC. 16 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Brexit: Government to set out plans to end dominance of EU law". Sky News. 30 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Legislating for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union" (PDF). Department for Exiting the European Union. 30 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Mason, Rowena (2 October 2016). "Theresa May's 'great repeal bill': what's going to happen and when?". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill 2017-19". Bills before Parliament 2017-19 > Public Bills. UK Parliament. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Staff writer (12 September 2017). "Brexit: EU repeal bill wins first Commons vote". BBC News.
^ Jump up to: a b c (now), Andrew Sparrow; (earlier), Nicola Slawson (12 September 2017). "Government wins vote on EU withdrawal bill with majority of 36 - as it happened" – via www.theguardian.com.
Jump up ^ "May's Flagship Brexit Bill On Course to Pass First Hurdle". 11 September 2017 – via www.bloomberg.com.
Jump up ^ "Brexit: EU repeal bill wins first Commons vote". BBC News. 12 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Natasha; Davidson, Lynn (11 September 2017). "Theresa May wins crushing victory in landmark Brexit battle despite Jeremy Corbyn's bid to block EU withdrawal bill". The Sun. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Dickson, Annabelle (26 October 2017). "EU withdrawal bill back before MPs on November 14". Politico.
^ Jump up to: a b Staff writer (14 November 2017). "Labour attacks Brexit date 'gimmick' as MPs begin scrutiny". BBC News.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (13 December 2017). "Brexit bill: Government loses key vote after Tory rebellion". BBC News.
Jump up ^ Asthana, Anushka (20 December 2016). "Theresa May indicates MPs will not be given vote on final Brexit deal". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill 2017-19". services.parliament.uk. UK Parliament.
Jump up ^ Heffer, Greg (20 December 2017). "Theresa May vows not to delay Brexit after exit date climbdown". Sky News. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hansard Division search".
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Committee Stage Division 45". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 21 November 2017. col. 996–1000.
Jump up ^ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU: Right by Right Analysis
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Committee Stage Division 81". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 20 December 2017. col. 1215–1217.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Committee Stage Division 86". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 20 December 2017. col. 1239–1241.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Bill Stages - European Union (Withdrawal) Bill 2017-19". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Brexit: EU Withdrawal Bill clears House of Commons to pass to peers". sky.com. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Remaining Stages". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
Jump up ^ https://services.parliament.uk/Bills/2017-19/europeanunionwithdrawal/stages.html
Jump up ^ EU Withdrawal Bill: amendments and debates Institute for Government. Retrieved 28 May 2018
Jump up ^ Chaplain, Chloe (18 April 2018). "Lords defeat EU Withdrawal Bill as peers vote in favour of customs union amendment". Evening Standard. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Division on Amendment 1". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 18 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Division on Amendment 11". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 18 April 2018.
Jump up ^ European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Amendments to be moved on report, clause 3 (PDF). UK Parliament. 29 March 2018. p. 4.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (23 April 2018). "EU Withdrawal Bill suffers third Lords defeat on human rights charter". BBC News. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Kentish, Benjamin (23 April 2018). "House of Lords defeats government plans to scrap EU rights charter after Brexit". The Independent. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Division on Amendment 31". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 790. House of Lords. 25 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Perkins, Anne (25 April 2018). "May loses Lords vote on post-Brexit powers for ministers". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Heffer, Greg (2 May 2018). "Peers defeat Government for tenth time on EU Withdrawal Bill over N Ireland". Sky News. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Division on Amendment 88". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 790. House of Lords. 2 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Citations:
"European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: Division on Amendment 50". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 790. House of Lords. 30 April 2018.
McGrath, Ciaran (1 May 2018). "Lords thwarted: Bid to force second Brexit referendum on Britain crushed". Daily Express. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
Scotto di Santolo, Alessandra (1 May 2018). "Even the Lords rejected it!' Liam Fox trashes calls for second Brexit referendum". Daily Express. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Brexit live: PM told divorce first then trade 10:17". Sky News. 30 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "EU Laws introduced in the UK over last 25 years highlights scale of challenge facing lawmakers following Brexit". Thomson Reuters. 28 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Dunt, Ian (13 July 2017). "Small print of repeal bill creates unprecedented new powers for Brexit ministers". politics.co.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Stone, Jon; Woodcock, Andrew (17 July 2017). "David Davis is as 'thick as mince' and as 'lazy as a toad', says Vote Leave chief". The Independent. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Stewart, Heather (12 July 2017). "Brexit: Labour threatens to defeat Theresa May over 'great repeal bill'". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Heather; MacAskill, Ewen; Walker, Peter (13 July 2017). "Brexit bill to cause constitutional clash with Scotland and Wales". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-parliaments-43988189
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-43978702
Jump up ^ Stewart, Heather (13 July 2017). "'Great repeal bill' human rights clause sets up Brexit clash with Labour". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "EUROPEAN UNION (WITHDRAWAL) BILL EXPLANATORY NOTES" (PDF). House of Commons. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Daly, Paul (13 July 2017). "Empty Threats: The Explanatory Notes to the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill". Administrative Law Matters. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
External links[edit]
European Union (Withdrawal) Bill 2017–19 Bills and legislation, parliament.uk
Explanatory Notes, 13 July 2017, published with the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill
Select Committee on the Constitution
European Union (Withdrawal) Bill: interim report] (published 7 September 2017)
Legislating for the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union (The Great Repeal Bill White Paper), 30 March 2017 (Accessible web version) (Print version)
Briefing paper, House of Commons Library, 1 September 2017
UK Government – "Plan for Britain" website
[show]
v
t
e
United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016
Renegotiation
Results
Aftermath
Brexit
Referendum question
"Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?"
Referendum legislation
European Union Referendum Act 2015
European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
Background
Treaty of Rome
UK Accession to the European Communities
Treaty of Accession 1972
European Communities Act 1972
1973 EC enlargement
1975 European Communities membership referendum
Single European Act
European Communities (Amendment) Act 1986
UK rebate
Black Wednesday
Maastricht Treaty
Treaty on European Union
European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993
European Economic Area
European Economic Area Act 1993
Treaty of Amsterdam
European Communities (Amendment) Act 1998
Treaty of Nice
European Communities (Amendment) Act 2002
Treaty of Accession 2003
European Union (Accessions) Act 2003
European Constitution
European Union Bill 2005
Treaty of Lisbon
Withdrawal from the European Union
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
European Union (Amendment) Act 2008
European Union Act 2011
European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013
2014 UK European Parliament election
2015 UK general election
Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom
Campaign
2016 referendum campaign
Issues
Opinion polling
Endorsements
Project Fear
Campaign
organisations
Remain
Official campaign
Britain Stronger in Europe
Other campaigns
Labour In for Britain
Leave
Official campaign
Vote Leave
Other campaigns
Leave.EU
BeLeave
Grassroots Out
Labour Leave
Campaign for an Independent Britain
The Freedom Association
Better Off Out
Get Britain Out
Bruges Group
Televised debates
The European Union: In or Out (2014)
Aftermath
International reactions
Conservative Party leadership election
Labour Party leadership election
UK Independence Party leadership election (September)
UK Independence Party leadership election (November)
2017 UK general election
Brexit
R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union
Brexit negotiations
Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar
Effects of Brexit on science and technology
WTO Option
Brexit legislation
European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017
European Union (Withdrawal) Bill
Related
Brexit: The Movie (2016 documentary)
Change Britain
"Enemies of the People"
London independence
More United
The New European (newspaper)
Open Britain
Proposed second Scottish independence referendum
United Ireland
Status of Akrotiri and Dhekelia and Gibraltar
Impact of Brexit on the European Union
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Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
theatrical release poster
Directed by
Frank Capra
Produced by
Frank Capra
Screenplay by
Sidney Buchman
Myles Connolly (uncredited contributor to script construction and dialogue)[1]
Story by
"The Gentleman from Montana" (unpub. story)[1] by Lewis R. Foster[2]
Starring
Jean Arthur
James Stewart
Narrated by
Colin James Mackey
Music by
Dimitri Tiomkin
Cinematography
Joseph Walker
Edited by
Gene Havlick
Al Clark
Production
company
Columbia Pictures
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
October 17, 1939 (1939-10-17) (DC premiere)
Running time
125-126 or 130 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$1.5 million
Box office
$9,000,000[3]
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a 1939 American political comedy-drama film directed by Frank Capra, starring Jean Arthur and James Stewart, and featuring Claude Rains and Edward Arnold. The film is about a newly appointed United States Senator who fights against a corrupt political system, and was written by Sidney Buchman, based on Lewis R. Foster's unpublished story "The Gentleman from Montana".[4] The film was controversial when it was first released, but was also successful at the box office, and made Stewart a major movie star.[5]
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Story.[6] Considered to be one of the greatest films of all time, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1989, deeming it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Impact
5 Awards and honors
5.1 Academy Awards
5.2 Other honors
6 Remakes
7 In popular culture
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
The governor of an unnamed western state, Hubert "Happy" Hopper (Guy Kibbee), has to pick a replacement for recently deceased U.S. Senator Sam Foley. His corrupt political boss, Jim Taylor (Edward Arnold), pressures Hopper to choose his handpicked stooge, while popular committees want a reformer, Henry Hill. The governor's children want him to select Jefferson Smith (James Stewart), the head of the Boy Rangers. Unable to make up his mind between Taylor's stooge and the reformer, Hopper decides to flip a coin. When it lands on edge – and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments – he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate.
Junior Senator Smith is taken under the wing of the publicly esteemed, but secretly crooked, Senator Joseph Paine (Claude Rains), who was Smith's late father's friend. Smith develops an immediate attraction to the senator's daughter, Susan (Astrid Allwyn). At Senator Paine's home, Smith has a conversation with Susan, fidgeting and bumbling, entranced by the young socialite. Smith's naïve and honest nature allows the unforgiving Washington press to take advantage of him, quickly tarnishing Smith's reputation with ridiculous front page pictures and headlines branding him a bumpkin.
To keep Smith busy, Paine suggests he propose a bill. With the help of his secretary, Clarissa Saunders (Jean Arthur), who was the aide to Smith's predecessor and had been around Washington and politics for years, Smith comes up with a bill to authorize a federal government loan to buy some land in his home state for a national boys' camp, to be paid back by youngsters across America. Donations pour in immediately. However, the proposed campsite is already part of a dam-building graft scheme included in an appropriations bill framed by the Taylor political machine and supported by Senator Paine.
Unwilling to crucify the worshipful Smith so that their graft plan will go through, Paine tells Taylor he wants out, but Taylor reminds him that Paine is in power primarily through Taylor's influence. Through Paine, the machine in his state accuses Smith of trying to profit from his bill by producing fraudulent evidence that Smith already owns the land in question. Smith is too shocked by Paine's betrayal to defend himself, and runs away.
Saunders, who looked down on Smith at first, but has come to believe in him, talks him into launching a filibuster to postpone the appropriations bill and prove his innocence on the Senate floor just before the vote to expel him. In his last chance to prove his innocence, he talks non-stop for about 24 hours, reaffirming the American ideals of freedom and disclosing the true motives of the dam scheme. Yet none of the Senators are convinced.
The constituents try to rally around him, but the entrenched opposition is too powerful, and all attempts are crushed. Owing to the influence of Taylor's machine, newspapers and radio stations in Smith's home state, on Taylor's orders, refuse to report what Smith has to say and even distort the facts against the senator. An effort by the Boy Rangers to spread the news in support of Smith results in vicious attacks on the children by Taylor's minions.
Although all hope seems lost, the senators begin to pay attention as Smith approaches utter exhaustion. Paine has one last card up his sleeve: he brings in bins of letters and telegrams from Smith's home state, purportedly from average people demanding his expulsion. Nearly broken by the news, Smith finds a small ray of hope in a friendly smile from the President of the Senate (Harry Carey). Smith vows to press on until people believe him, but immediately collapses in a faint. Overcome with guilt, Paine leaves the Senate chamber and attempts to commit suicide by gunshot, but is stopped by onlooking senators. He then bursts back into the Senate chamber, shouting a confession to the whole scheme; Paine further insists that he should be expelled from the Senate and affirms Smith's innocence, to the delight of Clarissa. The President of the Senate observes the ensuing chaos with amusement.
Cast[edit]
Jean Arthur as Clarissa Saunders
James Stewart as Jefferson "Jeff" Smith
Claude Rains as Senator Joseph Harrison "Joe" Paine
Edward Arnold as Jim Taylor
Guy Kibbee as Governor Hubert "Happy" Hopper
Thomas Mitchell as "Diz" Moore
Eugene Pallette as Chick McGann
Beulah Bondi as Ma Smith
H. B. Warner as Senate Majority Leader
Harry Carey as President of the Senate
Astrid Allwyn as Susan Paine
Ruth Donnelly as Mrs. Hopper
Grant Mitchell as Senator MacPherson
Porter Hall as Senator Monroe
Pierre Watkin as Senate Minority Leader
Charles Lane as "Nosey", reporter
William Demarest as Bill Griffith
Dick Elliott as Carl Cook
The Hopper Boys:
Billy Watson
Delmar Watson
John Russell
Harry Watson
Gary Watson
Baby Dumpling (Larry Simms)
H. V. Kaltenborn as himself
Uncredited
Russell Simpson as Kenneth Allen
Dick Jones as Richard "Dickie" Jones, Senate Page Boy
Nick Copeland as Senate Reporter
Anne Cornwall as Senate Reporter
Gino Corrado as Barber
Maurice Costello as Diggs - Newsman
Alec Craig as Speaker
Beatrice Curtis as Paine's Secretary
Lew Davis as Senate Clerk
Dulcie Day as Senate Reporter
Wally Dean as Paine's Friend
Vernon Dent as Senate Reporter
Harry Depp as Hat Salesman / Secretary
Robert Middlemass as 2nd Radio Announcer
Gladys Gale as Committee Woman
Stanley Andrews as Senator Hodges
Harlan Briggs as Mr. Edwards, howling citizen
Cast notes:
Among the unbilled veteran character actors seen in the film are Guy Kibbee's brother, Milton Kibbee, who has a bit as a reporter; Lafe McKee; and Matt McHugh of the McHugh acting family. Also in the film in minor roles are Dub Taylor and Jack Carson, later well-known actors. Silent film star Hank Mann played a photographer.
Production[edit]
James Stewart and Jean Arthur in a taxicab
Columbia Pictures originally purchased Lewis R. Foster's unpublished story, variously called "The Gentleman from Montana" and "The Gentleman from Wyoming", as a vehicle for Ralph Bellamy, but once Frank Capra came on board as director – after Rouben Mamoulian had expressed interest – the film was to be a sequel to his Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, called Mr. Deeds Goes to Washington, with Gary Cooper reprising his role as Longfellow Deeds.[N 1] Because Cooper was unavailable, Capra then "saw it immediately as a vehicle for Jimmy Stewart and Jean Arthur",[7] and Stewart was borrowed from MGM.[4] Capra said of Stewart: "I knew he would make a hell of a Mr. Smith ... He looked like the country kid, the idealist. It was very close to him."[8]
Although a youth group is featured in the story, the Boy Scouts of America refused to allow their name to be used in the film and instead the fanciful "Boy Rangers" was used.[4]
In January 1938, both Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Paramount Pictures submitted Foster's story to the censors at the Hays Office, likely indicating that both studios had an interest in the project before Columbia purchased it. Joseph Breen, the head of that office, warned the studios: "[W]e would urge most earnestly that you take serious counsel before embarking on the production of any motion picture based on this story. It looks to us like one that might well be loaded with dynamite, both for the motion picture industry, and for the country at large." Breen specifically objected to "the generally unflattering portrayal of our system of Government, which might well lead to such a picture being considered, both here, and more particularly abroad, as a covert attack on the Democratic form of government", and warned that the film should make clear that "the Senate is made up of a group of fine, upstanding citizens, who labor long and tirelessly for the best interests of the nation ..."
James Stewart
Later, after the screenplay had been written and submitted, Breen reversed course, saying of the film, "It is a grand yarn that will do a great deal of good for all those who see it and, in my judgment, it is particularly fortunate that this kind of story is to be made at this time. Out of all Senator Jeff's difficulties there has been evolved the importance of a democracy and there is splendidly emphasized the rich and glorious heritage which is ours and which comes when you have a government 'of the people, by the people, and for the people'".[4]
The film was in production from April 3, 1939, to July 7 of that year.[9] Some location shooting took place in Washington, D.C., at Union Station and at the United States Capitol, as well as other locations for background use.[10][11]
In the studio, to ensure authenticity, an elaborate set was created, consisting of Senate committee rooms, cloak rooms, and hotel suites, as well as specific Washington, D.C., monuments, all based on a trip Capra and his crew made to the capital. Even the Press Club of Washington was reproduced in minute detail,[4][12] but the major effort went into a faithful reproduction of the Senate Chamber on the Columbia lot. James D. Preston, a former superintendent of the Senate gallery, acted as technical director for the Senate set, as well as advising on political protocol. The production also utilized the "New York street set" on the Warner Bros. lot, using 1,000 extras when that scene was shot.[4]
The ending of the film was apparently changed at some point, as the original program describes Stewart and Arthur returning to Smith's hometown, where they are met by a big parade, with the implication that they are married and starting a family.[4] In addition, the Taylor political machine is shown being crushed; Smith, riding a motorcycle, visits Senator Paine and forgives him; and a visit to Smith's mother is included. Some of this footage can be seen in the film's trailer.[13]
Impact[edit]
The film premiered in Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., on October 17, 1939, sponsored by the National Press Club, an event to which 4,000 guests were invited, including 45 senators.[8] Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was attacked by the Washington press, and politicians in the U.S. Congress, as anti-American and pro-Communist for its portrayal of corruption in the American government.[14] While Capra claims in his autobiography that some senators walked out of the premiere, contemporary press accounts are unclear about whether this occurred or not, or whether senators yelled back at the screen during the film.[15]
Senator Jefferson Smith addresses inattentive Senators
It is known that Alben W. Barkley, a Democrat and the Senate Majority Leader, called the film "silly and stupid", and said it "makes the Senate look like a bunch of crooks".[16] He also remarked that the film was "a grotesque distortion" of the Senate, "as grotesque as anything ever seen! Imagine the Vice President of the United States winking at a pretty girl in the gallery in order to encourage a filibuster!" Barkley thought the film "... showed the Senate as the biggest aggregation of nincompoops on record!"[16]
Pete Harrison, a respected journalist and publisher of the motion picture trade journal Harrison's Reports, suggested that the Senate pass a bill allowing theater owners to refuse to show films that "were not in the best interest of our country". That did not happen, but one of the ways that some senators attempted to retaliate for the damage they felt the film had done to the reputation of their institution was by pushing the passage of the Neely Anti-Block Booking Bill, which eventually led to the breakup of the studio-owned theater chains in the late 1940s. Columbia responded by distributing a program which put forward the film’s patriotism and support of democracy and publicized the film’s many positive reviews.[17]
Other objections were voiced as well. Joseph P. Kennedy, the American Ambassador to Great Britain, wrote to Capra and Columbia head Harry Cohn to say that he feared the film would damage "America’s prestige in Europe", and because of this urged that it be withdrawn from European release. Capra and Cohn responded, citing the film’s review, which mollified Kennedy to the extent that he never followed up, although he privately still had doubts about the film.[18]
The film was banned in Hitler's Germany, Mussolini's Italy, Franco's Spain and Stalin's USSR.[19] According to Capra, the film was also dubbed in certain European countries to alter the message of the film so it conformed with official ideology.[19]
When a ban on American films was imposed in German occupied France in 1942, some theaters chose to show Mr. Smith Goes to Washington as the last movie before the ban went into effect. One theater owner in Paris reportedly screened the film nonstop for 30 days after the ban was announced.[20]
The critical response to the film was more measured than the reaction by politicians, domestic and foreign. The critic for The New York Times, for instance, Frank S. Nugent, wrote that "[Capra] is operating, of course, under the protection of that unwritten clause in the Bill of Rights entitling every voting citizen to at least one free swing at the Senate. Mr. Capra’s swing is from the floor and in the best of humor; if it fails to rock the august body to its heels – from laughter as much as from injured dignity – it won’t be his fault but the Senate's, and we should really begin to worry about the upper house."[21]
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington has been called one of the quintessential whistleblower films in American history. Dr. James Murtagh and Dr. Jeffrey Wigand cited this film as a seminal event in U.S. history at the first "Whistleblower Week in Washington" (May 13–19, 2007).[22][23]
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington has often been listed as among Capra’s best, but it has been noted that it "marked a turning point in Capra’s vision of the world, from nervous optimism to a darker, more pessimistic tone. Beginning with American Madness (1932), such Capra films as Lady for a Day (1933), It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), and You Can’t Take It With You (1938) had trumpeted their belief in the decency of the common man. In Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, however, the decent common man is surrounded by a venal, petty and thuggish group of crooks. Everyone in the film – except for Jefferson Smith and his tiny cadre of believers – is either in the pay of the political machine run by Edward Arnold’s James Taylor or complicit in Taylor’s corruption through their silence, and they all sit by as innocent people, including children, are brutalized and intimidated, rights are violated, and the government is brought to a halt".[24]
Nevertheless, Smith’s filibuster and the tacit encouragement of the Senate President are both emblematic of the director's belief in the difference that one individual can make. This theme would be expanded further in Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and other films.
Awards and honors[edit]
Academy Awards[edit]
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was nominated for 11 Academy Awards but won only one.[25]
Award
Result
Winner
Outstanding Production Nominated Columbia Pictures (Frank Capra)
Winner was David O. Selznick - Gone with the Wind
Best Director Nominated Frank Capra
Winner was Victor Fleming - Gone with the Wind
Best Actor Nominated James Stewart
Winner was Robert Donat - Goodbye, Mr. Chips
Best Writing, Screenplay Nominated Sidney Buchman
Winner was Sidney Howard - Gone with the Wind
Best Writing, Original Story Won Lewis R. Foster
Best Supporting Actor Nominated Claude Rains*
Harry Carey*
*Winner was Thomas Mitchell - Stagecoach
Best Art Direction Nominated Lionel Banks
Winner was Lyle R. Wheeler - Gone with the Wind
Best Film Editing Nominated Gene Havlick, Al Clark
Winner was Hal C. Kern, James E. Newcom - Gone with the Wind
Best Music, Scoring Nominated Dimitri Tiomkin
Winner was Herbert Stothart - The Wizard of Oz
Best Sound Recording Nominated John P. Livadary
Winner was Bernard B. Brown - When Tomorrow Comes
Other honors[edit]
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was named as one of the best films of 1939 by The New York Times and Film Daily, and was nominated for Best Film by the National Board of Review.
James Stewart won the 1939 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor.
In 1989, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[26]
American Film Institute recognition
1998 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies #29
2003 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:
Jefferson Smith, Hero #11
Senator Joseph Paine, Villain - Nominated
2006 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers #5
2007 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) #26
Sandra Warner and Fess Parker in the 1962 TV series
Remakes[edit]
In 1949, Columbia planned, but never actually produced, a sequel to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, called Mr. Smith Starts a Riot. They also considered doing a gender-reversed remake in 1952, with Jane Wyman playing the lead role.[4]
A television series of the same name, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, ran on ABC during the 1962–1963 season, starring Fess Parker, Sandra Warner and Red Foley.
Producer Frank Capra, Jr. remade the film as part of Tom Laughlin's Billy Jack series, Billy Jack Goes to Washington (1977).[citation needed]
The film was also loosely remade as The Distinguished Gentleman (1992), starring Eddie Murphy.[citation needed]
In popular culture[edit]
The March 10, 1940 broadcast of Jack Benny's NBC radio show featured a parody entitled "Mr. Benny Goes to Washington."[27]
The short-lived NBC political drama Mister Sterling (2003) was described as "a Mr. Smith Goes to Washington for the 21st century", with the show centering on an idealistic young senator from California, coming to grips with Washington and appointed by a scheming, underhanded governor.[4]
The VHS release of Ernest Rides Again featured the opening Saturday Night Live-based short "Mr. Bill Goes to Washington", a spoof of Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.
The Simpsons episode "Beyond Blunderdome" includes a parodistic, fake remake of Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, authored by a fictional Mel Gibson with Homer Simpson's help. The fictional remake follows the same plot of the original (save for being set in the 21st century) until the final iconic "filibuster scene", replaced with a stock action scene in which a nearly exhausted Mr. Smith suddenly stands up and viciously slaughters every single senator, impaling Senator Payne with an American flag, destroying the Senate and beheading the President of the United States, mockingly quoting Marilyn Monroe's "Happy Birthday, Mr. President".
The Simpsons episode "Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington" is inspired by, and contains several references to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington. The episode deals with Lisa Simpson's disillusionment with Washington government, following her winning a trip to Washington as a prize in an essay contest.
The Simpsons episode "Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington" is also inspired by this film. In it, the Simpsons help Krusty the Clown get elected to Congress in exchange for his help in passing a bill that would move the airport flight path away from their neighborhood. Once in Washington, they find their plans blocked by a corrupt and lazy Congress, until Walter Mondale (who is now a janitor) shows them the tricks to get their bill passed.
See also[edit]
Filibuster
Machine politics
Patriotism
Political corruption
Politics of the United States
References[edit]
Informational notes
Jump up ^ Lewis Foster later testified during a lawsuit that he had written the story specifically with Gary Cooper in mind.[4]
Citations
^ Jump up to: a b c Mr. Smith Goes to Washington at the American Film Institute Catalog
Jump up ^ McNamer, Deidre (January 7, 2007). "They Came From Montana". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Box Office Information for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington." The Numbers. Retrieved: April 12, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Notes." TCM. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Brenner, Paul. "Overview." Allmovie. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Nugent, Frank (October 20, 1939) " Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)." The New York Times. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Sennett 1989, p. 173.
^ Jump up to: a b Tatara, Paul. "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington." TCM article. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Overview." TCM. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rosales 2003, pp. 102, 117, 124.
Jump up ^ "Filming locations." IMDB. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Sennett 1989, p. 175.
Jump up ^ "Trivia." TCM. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Capra 1971, pp. 254–266.
Jump up ^ McBride 1992, pp. 419–420.
^ Jump up to: a b Capra 1971, p. 287.
Jump up ^ Capra 1971, p. 289.
Jump up ^ Capra 1971, p. 292.
^ Jump up to: a b Mr. Smith Goes to Washington on IMDb
Jump up ^ “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939).” ReelClassics.com. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Capra 1971, p. 286.
Jump up ^ Miles, Adam and Devine, Tom (2007) “Washington Whistleblower Week Starts Monday.” Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine. whistleblower.org. Retrieved: January 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Blaylock, Dylan (May 2007) C-SPAN Highlights GAP Event in “Podcast of the Week”. whistleblower.typepad.com. Retrieved: January 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Eder, Bruce. “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington” Allmovie review. Retrieved: June 26, 2009. Archived October 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners." oscars.org. Retrieved: October 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Brenner, Paul. "Awards." Allmovie. Retrieved: June 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ "IIS Windows Server". Archived from the original on 2014-08-11.
Bibliography
Capra, Frank (1971) Frank Capra, The Name Above the Title: An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company. ISBN 0-306-80771-8.
Jones, Ken D., Arthur F. McClure and Alfred E. Twomey (1970) The Films of James Stewart. New York: Castle Books.
McBride, Joseph (1992) Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success. New York: Touchstone Books. ISBN 0-671-79788-3.
Michael, Paul, ed. (1980) The Great Movie Book: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference Guide to the Best-loved Films of the Sound Era. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. ISBN 0-13-363663-1.
Rosales, Jean (2003) DC Goes To The Movies: A Unique Guide To The Reel Washington. Bloomington, Indiana: IUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-26797-2.
Sennett, Ted (1989) Hollywood's Golden Year, 1939: A Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-03361-3.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington at the American Film Institute Catalog
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington on IMDb
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington at the TCM Movie Database
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington at AllMovie
Five speeches from the film (text and audio) at AmericanRhetoric.com
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text:
They think it's all over
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the quotation. For the television series, see They Think It's All Over (TV series).
"They think it's all over" is a quote from Kenneth Wolstenholme's BBC TV commentary in the closing moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, when England beat West Germany 4–2 after extra time to win the FIFA World Cup. In the final few seconds of the match, Wolstenholme said:
And here comes Hurst! He's got...
(Wolstenholme gets distracted by some of the crowd spilling onto the pitch)
Some people are on the pitch! They think it's all over!
(Geoff Hurst scores to put England two goals ahead)
It is now, it's four!
Soon after the 1966 victory, Wolstenholme's quote became a widely used expression.
In pop culture[edit]
The phrase, along with other calls from English football matches, appears in New Order's song "World In Motion", although in that case Wolstenholme re-recorded it with the slightly different words "Well, some of the crowd are on the pitch. They think it's all over. Well it is now". The British band The Dentists called their first album Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now in Wolstenholme's honour; the LP begins with a sample of Wolstenholme's original commentary. Track #3 on British folk metal act Skyclad's EP Jig-a-Jig is called "They Think It's All Over". The song contains the phrase "They think it's all over. Well is it now?" in its chorus and includes several references to the 1966 FIFA World Cup.
In Neil Marshall's Dog Soldiers the last words that the character Cooper says are, "You think it's all over? It is now."
The quotation was also used as the title of the BBC's satirical sports quiz show They Think It's All Over, which appeared on BBC One from 1995 to 2006. The show has heightened the popularity of the phrase in recent years, though Kenneth Wolstenholme was reportedly unhappy with the use of the phrase for the title of the show.[1]
An alternative mix for The Beatles song "Glass Onion", which appeared on Anthology 3, contained a portion of Kenneth Wolstenholme's commentary. At the end of the track he can be heard shouting "It's a goal!" repeating for several seconds until the track fades.[2]
On the television show That Mitchell and Webb Look in a sketch about cricket the commentator says, "They're bringing urns and sandwiches onto the pitch. They think it's tea! It is now!".
In the Discworld book Unseen Academicals the book has two false endings, each followed by "You think it's all over?" and at the actual end "It is Now!"
BBC parodist Dave Henson used the line to refer to the 1966 winning team during his parody of "I'll Be Missing You" by Puff Daddy and the Family/The Police.
Boys of '66 hey take a bow..
They think it's all over, it is now!
The video game Kinect Sports, which has football as one of the six sports represented, has two achievements that refer to the quote: "They Think It's All Over..." is awarded when the players wins their first football match, and "...It Is Now!" is obtained when the player wins with a goal scored in the final 10 seconds.
The Xbox Live Arcade version of Sensible World of Soccer also has an achievement named "It Is Now", for a victory goal scored in the final minute of play.
See also[edit]
"Your boys took one hell of a beating!"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Class of '66 pay tribute to voice of football". The Daily Telegraph. 26 March 2002.
Jump up ^ Anthology 3 - The Beatles
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values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-They_think_it_s_all_over rootpage-They_think_it_s_all_over skin-vector action-view