text:
Low Earth orbit
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Comparison of geostationary, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass (MEO), International Space Station, Hubble Space Telescope and Iridium constellation orbits, with the Van Allen radiation belts and the Earth to scale.[a] The Moon's orbit is around 9 times larger than geostationary orbit.[b] (In the SVG file, hover over an orbit or its label to highlight it; click to load its article.)
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes. Objects below approximately 160 km (99 mi) will experience very rapid orbital decay and altitude loss due to atmospheric drag.[1][2]
With the exception of the 24 astronauts who flew lunar flights in the Apollo program during the four-year period spanning 1968 through 1972, all human spaceflights have taken place in LEO or below. The International Space Station conducts operations in LEO. The altitude record for a human spaceflight in LEO was Gemini 11 with an apogee of 1,374.1 kilometres (853.8 mi). All crewed space stations to date, as well as the majority of satellites, have been in LEO.
Contents
[hide]
1 Orbital characteristics
2 Use of LEO
2.1 Examples
3 Space debris
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
Orbital characteristics[edit]
Objects in LEO encounter atmospheric drag from gases in the thermosphere (approximately 80–500 km up) or exosphere (approximately 500 km and up), depending on orbit height. Due to atmospheric drag, satellites do not usually orbit below 300 km. Objects in LEO orbit Earth between the denser part of the atmosphere and below the inner Van Allen radiation belt.
GOCE orbited at about 255 km and had an aerodynamic shape and ion thrusters to reduce and compensate for atmospheric drag.
The mean orbital velocity needed to maintain a stable low Earth orbit is about 7.8 km/s, but reduces with increased orbital altitude. Calculated for circular orbit of 200 km it is 7.79 km/s and for 1500 km it is 7.12 km/s.[3] The delta-v needed to achieve low Earth orbit starts around 9.4 km/s. Atmospheric and gravity drag associated with launch typically adds 1.3–1.8 km/s to the launch vehicle delta-v required to reach normal LEO orbital velocity of around 7.8 km/s (28,080 km/h).[4]
Equatorial low Earth orbits (ELEO) are a subset of LEO. These orbits, with low inclination to the Equator, allow rapid revisit times and have the lowest delta-v requirement (i.e., fuel spend) of any orbit. Orbits with a high inclination angle to the equator are usually called polar orbits.
Higher orbits include medium Earth orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO), and further above, geostationary orbit (GEO). Orbits higher than low orbit can lead to early failure of electronic components due to intense radiation and charge accumulation.
In 2017, a very-low LEO orbit began to be seen in regulatory filings. This orbit, referred to as "VLEO", requires the use of novel technologies for orbit raising because they operate in orbits that would ordinarily decay too soon to be economically useful.[5]
Use of LEO[edit]
Play media
Roughly half an orbit of the ISS.
Although the Earth's pull due to gravity in LEO is not much less than on the surface of the Earth, people and objects in orbit experience weightlessness because they are in free fall.
A low Earth orbit is simplest and cheapest for satellite placement. It provides high bandwidth and low communication time lag (latency), but satellites in LEO will not be visible from any given point on the Earth at all times.[6]
Examples[edit]
Earth observation satellites and spy satellites use LEO as they are able to see the surface of the Earth more clearly as they are not so far away. They are also able to traverse the surface of the Earth. A majority of artificial satellites are placed in LEO,[7] making one complete revolution around the Earth in about 90 minutes.
The International Space Station is in a LEO about 400 km (250 mi) above Earth's surface.[8] and needs reboosting a few times a year due to orbital decay.
Since it requires less energy to place a satellite into a LEO and the LEO satellite needs less powerful amplifiers for successful transmission, LEO is used for many communication applications. Because these LEO orbits are not geostationary, a network (or "constellation") of satellites is required to provide continuous coverage. (Many communication satellites require geostationary orbits, and move at the same angular velocity as the Earth. Some communications satellites including the Iridium phone system use LEO.)
Lower orbits also aid remote sensing satellites because of the added detail that can be gained. Remote sensing satellites can also take advantage of sun-synchronous LEO orbits at an altitude of about 800 km (500 mi) and near polar inclination. Envisat is one example of an Earth observation satellite that makes use of this particular type of LEO.
GOCE orbited at about 255 km (158 mi) to measure Earth's gravity field.
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits at about 540 km (340 mi) above Earth.
Space debris[edit]
The LEO environment is becoming congested with space debris due to the frequency of object launches. This has caused growing concern in recent years, since collisions at orbital velocities can easily be dangerous, and even deadly. Collisions can produce even more space debris in the process, creating a domino effect, something known as Kessler Syndrome. The Joint Space Operations Center, part of United States Strategic Command (formerly the United States Space Command), currently tracks more than 8,500 objects larger than 10 cm in LEO.[9] However, a limited Arecibo Observatory study suggested there could be approximately one million objects larger than 2 millimeters,[10] which are too small to be visible from Earth-based observatories.[11]
See also[edit]
Spaceflight portal
Astronomy portal
Solar System portal
Space portal
Van Allen radiation belt
List of orbits
Medium Earth orbit (MEO)
High Earth orbit (HEO)
Highly elliptical orbit (HEO)
Geostationary orbit (GEO)
Specific orbital energy examples
Suborbital spaceflight
Heavy lift launch vehicle
Medium-lift launch vehicle
Comparison of orbital launch systems
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Orbital periods and speeds are calculated using the relations 4π²R³ = T²GM and V²R = GM, where R = radius of orbit in metres, T = orbital period in seconds, V = orbital speed in m/s, G = gravitational constant ≈ 6.673×10−11 Nm²/kg², M = mass of Earth ≈ 5.98×1024 kg.
Jump up ^ Approximately 8.6 times (in radius and length) when the moon is nearest (363 104 km ÷ 42 164 km) to 9.6 times when the moon is farthest (405 696 km ÷ 42 164 km).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines" (PDF). Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee. 15 October 2002.
Jump up ^ "NASA Safety Standard 1740.14, Guidelines and Assessment Procedures for Limiting Orbital Debris" (PDF). Office of Safety and Mission Assurance. 1 August 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "LEO parameters". www.spaceacademy.net.au. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
Jump up ^ Swinerd, Graham (2008). How Spacecraft Fly. Praxis Publishing. pp. 103–104. ISBN 0387765727.
Jump up ^ Messier, Doug (2017-03-03). "SpaceX Wants to Launch 12,000 Satellites". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ "High Throughput Satellite Communications Systems: MEO vs. LEO vs. GEO | The Link". www.harriscaprock.com. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
Jump up ^ Holli, Riebeek, (2009-09-04). "NASA Earth Observatory :". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Higher Altitude Improves Station's Fuel Economy". NASA. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
Jump up ^ Fact Sheet: Joint Space Operations Center Archived 2010-02-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ archive of astronomy: space junk
Jump up ^ ISS laser broom, project Orion Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
[show]
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Anton Shkaplerov
Norishige Kanai
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List of participants in the Queen Elizabeth II coronation procession
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The procession for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II was an element of the ceremony in which court, clerical, governmental, and parliamentary officials from around the Commonwealth of Nations moved in a set order of precedence through the streets of London, England, and into Westminster Abbey, where the coronation took place.
Contents
[hide]
1 Chaplains
2 Officers of the Orders of Knighthood
3 Standards
4 Members of the Royal Household
5 Prime Ministers of the Members of the Commonwealth
6 Archbishops and the Lord Chancellor
7 Duke of Edinburgh
8 Bearer of the Regalia
9 The Queen
10 References
Chaplains[edit]
Office
Person/Title
Chaplains The Very Reverend John Baillie (1886–1960)
The Reverend Thomas Malcolm Layng CBE MC (1892–1958)
The Reverend Canon L. M. Andrews CVO MBE MC
The Reverend Prebendary A. R. H. Grant CVO TD (died 1961)
The Reverend A. Nevile Davidson (1899–1976)
The Reverend Canon Henry Spencer Stephenson (1871–1957)
The Reverend Philip Thomas Byard Clayton CH MC (1885–1972)
The Reverend Canon C. E. Raven (1885–1964)
The Reverend Canon Guy Rogers MC (1876–1967)
Domestic chaplains The Reverend John Lamb MC
The Reverend Hector Anderson MVO
The Reverend Maurice Foxell MVO (1888–1981)
The Representatives of the Free Churches
Chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales Ebenezer Cunningham, Esq. (1881–1977)
Moderator of the Presbyterian Church Of England The Right Reverend Professor T. W. Manson (1893–1958)[1]
President of the Baptist Union The Reverend Henry Bonser (1884/5-1966)
The President of the Methodist Conference The Reverend Colin Roberts (1886–1975)
Moderator of the Free Church Federal Council The Reverend Hugh Martin (1890–1964)
The Representatives of the Church of Scotland
Ex-Moderator of the General Assembly (1948) The Very Reverend Alexander Macdonald
Ex-Moderator of the General Assembly (1946) The Very Reverend John McKenzie CIE
Moderator of the General Assembly The Right Reverend Professor James Pitt-Watson (1893–1962)
The Dean and Prebendaries of Westminster
Prebendaries Virger Mr. A. J. R. Greaves
The Cross of Westminster borne by The Reverend C. Hildyard
as deputy to the Minor Canon and Sacrist, Reverend Jocelyn H. T. Perkins CVO
The Reverend Canon Edward Carpenter (1910–1998)
Archdeacon The Venerable Adam Fox (1883–1977)
The Reverend Canon Charles Smyth
The Reverend Canon Stephen Marriott
The Dean's Virger Mr. G. C. Drake MVO
Dean of Westminster The Very Reverend Alan Campbell Don KCVO (1885–1966)
Officers of the Orders of Knighthood[edit]
Office
Person/Title
Heralds I
Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary Alexander Colin Cole, Esq. (1922–2001)
Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms Charles St Clair, Master of Sinclair (1914–2004)
Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms Robin de la Lanne-Mirrlees, Esq. (1925–2012)
Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms Captain Rupert Iain Kay (1919–1985)
Unicorn Pursuivant of Arms Lieut.-Colonel Gordon Dalyell of the Binns CIE (1887–1953)
Carrick Pursuivant of Arms James M. Grant, Esq. (1903–1981)
The Officers of the Order of Knighthood
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
The Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod Sir Ernest Arthur Gowers GBE (1880–1966)
The Secretary Sir Edward Bridges GCB GCVO MC (1892–1969)
The King of Arms Air Marshal Sir Charles Roderick Carr KBE CB DFC AFC (1891–1971)
The Royal Victorian Order
The Chaplain The Reverend Cyril Cresswell CVO (1890–1974)
The Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George
The Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod Admiral Sir Alan Geoffrey Hotham CB (1876–1959)
The Registrar Sir Percivale Liesching KCB (1895–1973)
The King of Arms Sir (George) Nevile (Maltby) Bland KCMG KCVO (1886–1972)
The Secretary Sir Thomas Lloyd GCMG KCB (1896–1968)
The Prelate The Right Reverend Wilfred Marcus Askwith
Bishop of Blackburn (1890–1962)
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
The deputy Secretary Brigadier Ivan de la Bere CVO CBE (1893–1970)
The Gentleman Usher of the Scarlet Rod Major-General Douglas Neil Wimberley CB DSO MC (1896–1983)
The Registrar and Secretary Air Vice-Marshal Sir Charles Alexander Holcombe Longcroft KCB CMG DSO AFC (1883–1958)
Bath King of Arms Air Chief Marshal Sir James Milne Robb GCB KBE DSO DFC AFC (1895–1968)
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle
The Gentleman Usher of the Green Rod Colonel Sir Edward Daymonde Stevenson KCVO MC (1895–1958)
The Most Noble Order of the Garter
The Register Dean of Windsor, The Right Reverend Eric Knightley Chetwode Hamilton (1890–1962)
The Chancellor Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax KG OM GCSI GCIE TD (1881–1958)
his coronet carried by his page
Benedick Peake, Esq.
Heralds II
Marchmont Herald Lieut.-Colonel John William Balfour Paul DSO (1873–1957)
Rothesay Herald Lieut.-Colonel Harold Andrew Balvaird Lawson (1899–1985)
Albany Herald Major Charles Ian Fraser of Reelig (1903–1963)
Standards[edit]
Office
Person/Title
The Standard of Ceylon
borne by Sir Edwin A. P. Wijeyeratne KBE (1889–1968)
The Standard of Pakistan
borne by Mirza Abol Hassan Ispahani (1902–1981)
The Standard of the Union of South Africa
borne by Dr. Albertus L. Geyer (1894–1969)
The Standard of New Zealand
borne by Sir Frederick Widdowson Doidge KCMG (1884–1954)
The Standard of the Commonwealth of Australia
borne by Sir Thomas Walter White KBE DFC VD (1888–1957)
The Standard of Canada
borne by Norman Alexander Robertson (1904–1968)
The Union Standard
borne by Captain John Lindley Marmion Dymoke (the Queen's Champion) (1926–2015)
The Standard of the Principality of Wales
borne by the William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech KG GCMG (1885–1964)
his coronet carried by his page
Julian Ormsby-Gore, Esq.[2] (1940–1974)[3]
Standards of the Quarterings of the Royal Arms

borne by William Sidney, 6th Baron De L'Isle and Dudley VC (1909–1991)
his coronet carried by his page
George Jeffreys, Esq. (1939–2010)[4][5]
Edward Stanley, 18th Earl of Derby MC (1918–1994)
his coronet carried by his page
Henry Milles-Lade, Viscount Throwley (1940–1996)
Henry Scrymgeour-Wedderburn, 11th Earl of Dundee, Hereditary Royal Standard-Bearer for Scotland (1902–1983)
his coronet carried by his page
Christopher James Makins, Esq. (1942–2006)
The Royal Standard
borne by Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein KG GCB DSO (1887–1976)
his coronet carried by his page
Nicholas Wright, Esq.
Members of the Royal Household[edit]
Office
Person/Title
Members of the Royal Household
The Vice-Chamberlain of the Household Sir Henry Gray Studholme (1899–1987)
The Treasurer of the Household Sir Cedric Drewe (1896–1971)[6]
The Comptroller of the Household Major Sir Roger John Edward Conant (1899–1973)
The Keeper of the Jewel House
bearing on a cushion
the Ring, the Armills, and the Sword for the Offering Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst GCB GCVO MC (1894–1960)
acting for Major-General Sir Hervey Degge Wilmot Sitwell CB MC (1896–1973)
Heralds III
Bluemantle Pursuivant James A. Frere, Esq. (1920–1994)
Rouge Croix Pursuivant John Riddell Bromhead Walker, Esq. MC (1913–1984)
The Knights of the Garter
appointed to hold the Canopy for the Queen's Anointing Wentworth Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Allendale KG CB CBE MC (1890–1956)
his coronet carried by his page
George Andrew Beaumont (1938–1960)
Hugh Fortescue, 5th Earl Fortescue KG CB OBE MC (1888–1958)
his coronet carried by his page James Sherbrooke Waldegrave, Viscount Chewton (born 1940)
Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington KG (1885–1972)
his coronet carried by his page
Michael Thomas Jeremy Clyde, Esq. (born 1941)
William Arthur Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland KG (1893–1977)
his coronet carried by his page
Hon. Bruce Hacking (born 1940)
The Lord Chamberlain of the Household Lawrence Lumley, 11th Earl of Scarbrough KG GCSI GCIE TD (1896–1969)
his coronet carried by his page
David McEwen, Esq. (1938–1976)
The Lord Steward of the Household Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton and 11th Duke of Brandon KT GCVO AFC (1903–1973)
his coronet carried by his page
Angus Alan Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, Marquess of Clydesdale (1938–2010)
The Lord Privy Seal The Right Hon. Henry Frederick Comfort Crookshank (1893–1961)
Prime Ministers of the Members of the Commonwealth[edit]
Office
Person/Title
The Prime Minister of Ceylon Dudley Shelton Senanayake (1911–1973)
The Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Bogra (1909–1963)
The Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964)
The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa Daniel François Malan (1874–1959)
The Prime Minister of New Zealand Sidney George Holland CH (1893–1961)
The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia Robert Gordon Menzies CH QC (1894–1978)
The Prime Minister of Canada Louis Stephen Saint-Laurent QC (1882–1973)
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Spencer-Churchill KG OM CH TD (1874–1965)
Archbishops and the Lord Chancellor[edit]
Office
Person/Title
The Cross of York borne by the Reverend T. W. I. Cleasby (1920–2009)
Archbishop of York The Most Reverend Cyril Forster Garbett (1875–1955)
attended by the Reverend Prebendary Philip William Wheeldon OBE (1913–1992)
The Lord High Chancellor Gavin Turnbull Simonds, 1st Baron Simonds (1881–1971)
attended by his Pursebearer, T. Cokayne, Esq.
his coronet carried by his page
Andrew Parker-Bowles, Esq. (born 1939)
The Cross of Canterbury borne by the Reverend John S. Long (1913–2008)
Archbishop of Canterbury The Most Reverend Geoffrey Francis Fisher (1887–1972)
attended by the Reverend Eric G. Jay (1907–1989)
and the Reverend Canon Ian Hugh White-Thomson (1905–1997)
Duke of Edinburgh[edit]
Office
Person/Title
Heralds IV
Arundel Herald Extraordinary Dermot Michael Macgregor Morrah, Esq. (1896–1974)
Norfolk Herald Extraordinary H. S. London, Esq.
Somerset Herald Michael Roger Trappes-Lomax, Esq. (1900–1972)
Lord Lyon King of Arms Sir Thomas Innes of Learney KCVO (1893–1971)
Windsor Herald Richard Preston Graham-Vivian, Esq. MC (1896–1979)
Harbinger of the Gentlemen at Arms Major-General Arthur Reginald Chater CB OBE DSO (1896–1979)
The Standard Bearer Major-General Maurice Anthony Wingfield CMG DSO (1883–1956)
Three Gentlemen-at-Arms
The Queen's Consort Admiral of the Fleet The Duke of Edinburgh KG KT GBE (born 1921)
his coronet carried by his page
Mr. Nigel Grier-Rees, Midshipman RN (1934/35–1973)[7]
Three Gentlemen-at-Arms
The Equerry to the Duke of Edinburgh Squadron-Leader Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley AFC (1921–2001)
The Treasurer to the Duke of Edinburgh Lieut-General Sir Frederick Arthur Montague Browning KBE CB DSO (1896–1965)
The Private Secretary to the Duke of Edinburgh Lieut.-Commander John Michael Avison Parker MVO RN (1920–2002)
Serjeant-at-Arms Lieut.-Commander (S) Albert W. Stone MVO MSM RN
Serjeant-at-Arms George A. Titman, Esq. CBE MVO (1889–1980)
Heralds V
Richmond Herald Anthony R. Wagner, Esq. (1908–1995)
York Herald Aubrey John Toppin, Esq. MVO (1881–1969)
Chester Herald John Dunamace Heaton-Armstrong, Esq. MVO (1888–1967)
Lancaster Herald Archibald George Blomefield Russell, Esq. CVO (1879–1955)
Bearer of the Regalia[edit]
Office
Person/Title
Saint Edward's Staff borne by James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster TD (1907–1983)
his coronet carried by his page
George John Aird, Esq. (born 1940)
The Sceptre with the Cross borne by Marshal of the Royal Air Force Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford KG GCB OM DSO MC (1893–1971)
his coronet carried by his page
Winston Spencer-Churchill, Esq. (1940–2010)
a Golden Spur borne by Richard Francis Roger Yarde-Buller, 4th Baron Churston (1910–1991)
his coronet carried by his page
Hon. William Grosvenor (born 1942)[8]
a Golden Spur borne by Albert Edward Delaval Astley, 21st Baron Hastings (1882–1956)
his coronet carried by his page
Philip Gurdon, Esq. (born 1940)
The Sword of Temporal Justice, or Third Sword borne by Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 8th Duke of Buccleuch, 10th Duke of Queensberry KT GCVO (1894–1973)
his coronet carried by his page
Charles John Dawnay, Esq. (born 1938)[9]
Curtana borne by Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988)
his coronet carried by his page
Edward Elwes, Esq.
The Sword of Spiritual Justice, or Second Sword borne by Alexander Frederic Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home (1903–1995)
his coronet carried by his page
David Alexander Cospatrick Douglas-Home, Lord Dunglass (born 1943)
Norroy and Ulster King of Arms Sir Gerald Woods Wollaston KCB KCVO (1874–1957)
Clarenceux King of Arms Sir Arthur William Steuart Cochrane KCVO (1872–1954)
The Lord Mayor of London
bearing the Crystal Sceptre Sir Rupert de la Bère (1893–1978)
Garter Principal King of Arms Sir George Rothe Bellew CVO (1899–1993)
The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod Lieut.-General Sir Brian Gwynne Horrocks KCB KBE DSO MC (1895–1985)
The Lord Great Chamberlain George Horatio Charles Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley (1883–1968)
his coronet carried by his page
Nicholas James Christopher Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater (born 1942)
The Lord High Steward of Ireland John George Charles Henry Alton Alexander Chetwynd-Talbot, 21st Earl of Shrewsbury (1914–1980)
his coronet carried by his page
John Chetwynd-Talbot, Esq. (born 1941)[10]
The High Constable of Scotland Gilbert Allan Rowland Boyd, 6th Baron Kilmarnock MBE (1903–1975)
standing proxy for
Diana Hay, 23rd Countess of Erroll (1926–1978)
his coronet carried by his page
Robin Jordan Boyd (born 1941)
The Great Steward of Scotland David Alexander Robert Lindsay The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres GBE (1900–1975)
standing proxy for
The Duke of Rothesay (known outside Scotland as The Duke of Cornwall) (born 1948)
his coronet carried by his page
Thomas Richard Lindsay (born 1937)
The Earl Marshal Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk KG GCVO (1908–1975)
attended by his two pages
Duncan Henry Davidson, Esq. (born 1941)
Hon. James Reginald Drummond (born 1938)
The Sword of State borne by Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury KG (1893–1972)
his coronet carried by his page
William Hugh Amherst Cecil, Esq. (1940–2009)
The Lord High Constable of England Field Marshal Alan Francis Brooke, Viscount Alanbrooke KG GCB OM DSO (1883–1963)
attended by his two pages
Henry Neville Lindley Keswick, Esq. (born 1938)
Charles Anthony Selby McCreery, Esq. (born 1942)
Sceptre with the Dove borne by Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Richmond and Gordon (1904–1989)
his coronet carried by his page
Simon Warley Frederick Benton Jones, Esq. (1941–2016)
St. Edward's Crown borne by the Lord High Steward
Admiral of the Fleet
Andrew Browne Cunningham Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope KT GCB OM DSO (1883–1963)
attended by his two pages
Julian Alexander Ludovic James, Esq. (born 1939)
Martin Brett, Esq.
The Orb borne by Field Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis KG GCB CSI DSO MC (1891–1969)
his coronet carried by his page
Hon. Brian James Alexander (born 1939)
The Paten borne by the Bishop of London, The Right Reverend
John William Charles Wand, (1885–1977)
The Bible borne by the Bishop of Norwich, The Right Reverend
Percy Mark Herbert (1885–1968)
The Chalice borne by the Bishop of Winchester, The Right Reverend
Alwyn Terrell Petre Williams (1888–1968)
The Queen[edit]
Office
Person/Title
The Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant Lt.-Colonel Hon. Osbert Vesey CMG CBE (1884–1957)
Ten Gentleman-at-Arms
The Bishop of Bath and Wells The Right Reverend Harold William Bradfield (1898–1960)
The Queen
in Her Royal Robe of crimson Velvet, trimmed with Ermine and bordered with Gold Lace
Wearing the Collar of the Garter; on Her Head a Diadem of precious Stones
The Bishop of Durham The Right Reverend Arthur Michael Ramsey (1904–1988)
The Lieutenant Brigadier General Sir Harvey Kearsley KCVO CMG DSO (1880–1956)
Ten Gentleman-at-Arms
Her Majesty's Train borne by
The Mistress of the Robes
assisted by the Maids of Honour Mary Cavendish, Dowager Duchess of Devonshire (1895–1988)
Lady Jane Antonia Frances Vane-Tempest-Stewart (born 1932)
Lady Mary Baillie-Hamilton (born 1934)
Lady Anne Veronica Coke (born 1932)
Lady Nancy Jane Marie Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby (born 1934)
Lady Moyra Kathleen Hamilton (born 1930)
Lady Rosemary Mildred Spencer-Churchill (born 1929)
the coronet of the Mistress of the Robes carried by her page,
Peregrine Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (born 1944)
The Groom of the Robes Captain Sir Harold Campbell KCVO DSO RN (1888–1969)
Ladies of the Bedchamber (Ann) Fortune FitzRoy, Countess of Euston (born 1920)
Elizabeth Mary Coke, Countess of Leicester (1912–1985)
Women of the Bedchamber Lady Alice Egerton (1923–1977)
Mrs. Alexander Abel Smith (Henriette Alice Cadogan) DCVO (1914–2005)
Lady Margaret Hay (Lady Margaret Katherine Seymour) (1918–1975)
Mrs. Andrew Elphinstone (Jean Frances Hambro) (1923–2017)
The Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom Admiral Sir Martin Eric Dunbar-Nasmith VC KCB (1883–1965)
The Master of the Horse Henry Hugh Arthur Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort KG GCVO (1900–1984)
his coronet carried by his page
Reuben Charles Harford, Esq.
The Gold-Stick-in-Waiting Major-General Sir Richard Granville Hylton Howard-Vyse KCMG DSO (1883–1962)
The Captain General of the Queen's Bodyguard for Scotland
(the Royal Company of Archers) and Gold Stick for Scotland John James Hamilton Dalrymple, 12th Earl of Stair KT DSO (1879–1961)
his coronet carried by his page
Lord Archibald George Montgomerie (born 1939)
The Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom Admiral Sir Percy Lockhart Harnam Noble GBE KCB CVO (1880–1955)
Lord in Waiting John Scott, 4th Earl of Eldon KCVO (1899–1976)
his coronet carried by his page
Simon Peter Scott (1939–2009)
The Captain of the Queen's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard William Onslow, 6th Earl of Onslow MC TD (1913–1971)
his coronet carried by his page
Michael John Hare, Esq. (1938–2018)
The Keeper of Her Majesty's Privy Purse Charles George Vivian Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon KCVO DSO (1906–1976)
his coronet carried by his page
Hon. Anthony Tryon (born 1940)
The Private Secretary to the Queen Alan Frederick "Tommy" Lascelles GCB GCVO CMG MC (1887–1981)
The Crown Equerry Colonel Sir Dermot McMorrough Kavanagh GCVO (1890–1958)
The Comptroller Lord Chamberlain's Office Lieut.-Colonel Sir Terence Nugent GCVO MC (1895–1973)
Equerries to the Queen Group Captain Peter Townsend CVO DSO DFC (1914–1995)
Major Sir Michael Edward Adeane KCVO CB (1910–1984)
Captain Edward John Spencer, Viscount Althorp (1924–1992)
Captain Patrick Terence William Span Plunket, 7th Baron Plunket (1923–1975)
his coronet carried by his page
Sheridan Frederick Terence Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1938–1988)
The Field-Officer-in-Brigade Waiting Colonel Thomas Foley Churchill Winnington MBE (1910–1999)
The Silver-Stick-in-Waiting Colonel Edward John Sutton Ward MVO MC (1909–1990)
The Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant of the Yeomen of the Guard Lieut.-Colonel Ralph Charles Bingham DSO (1885–1977)
The Lieutenant of the Yeomen of the Guard Sir Allan Henry Shafto Adair, 6th Baronet CB DSO MC (1897–1988)
Twelve Yeomen of the Queen's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard
References[edit]
The London Gazette, no. 40020 of 20 November 1953, pp. 6238 ff.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Time magazine
Jump up ^ Burke's Peerage 106th edition p. 1318
Jump up ^ Burke's Peerage 106th edition p. 1531
Jump up ^ The Telegraph (death notice)
Jump up ^ London Gazette
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Burke's Peerage 106th edition p. 939
Jump up ^ Burke's Peerage 106th edition page 870
Jump up ^ Burke's Peerage 106th edition p. 2612
[hide]
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Royal Journey (1951)
A Queen Is Crowned (1953)
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Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen (1992)
Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007)
The Queen (TV serial)
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Elizabeth at 90: A Family Portrait (2016)
The Coronation (2018)
Film and
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Happy and Glorious (2012)
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List of Liverpool F.C. records and statistics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about all-time records. For a season-by-season statistical breakdown, see List of Liverpool F.C. seasons.
Steven Gerrard, Liverpool's record goalscorer in Europe
Liverpool Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who currently play in the Premier League. They have played at their current home ground, Anfield, since their foundation in 1892. Liverpool joined the Football League in 1894, and were founding members of the Premier League in 1992.
This list encompasses the major honours won by Liverpool, records set by the club, their managers and their players. The player records section includes details of the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions. It also records notable achievements by Liverpool players on the international stage, and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club. Attendance records at Anfield are also included in the list.
The club have won 18 top-flight titles, and also hold the record for the most European Cup victories by an English team, winning the competition five times. The club's record appearance maker is Ian Callaghan, who made 857 appearances between 1958 and 1978. Ian Rush is the club's record goalscorer, scoring 346 goals in total.
Contents
1 Honours
2 Player records
2.1 Appearances
2.2 Most appearances
2.3 Goalscorers
2.4 Top goalscorers
2.5 International
2.5.1 World Cup
3 Transfers
3.1 Record transfer fees paid
3.2 Record transfer fees received
4 Managerial records
5 Club records
5.1 Matches
5.1.1 Firsts
5.1.2 Wins
5.1.3 Defeats
5.2 Goals
5.3 Points
5.4 Attendances
6 European statistics
7 Footnotes
8 References
All statistics are correct as of 24 May 2015
Honours[edit]
Liverpool have won honours both domestically and in European cup competitions.[1] They have won the English League Championship 18 times and the League Cup a record eight times. In their first season, 1892–93, they won the Lancashire League title and the Liverpool District Cup,[2] and their most recent success came in 2012,[3] when they won the League Cup for the eighth time.[4]
Liverpool F.C. honours
Honour
No.
Years
Football League First Division
18 1900–01, 1905–06, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1946–47, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90
Football League Second Division
4 1893–94, 1895–96, 1904–05, 1961–62
Lancashire League
1 1892–93
FA Cup
7 1965, 1974, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2006
League Cup
8 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2012
FA Community/Charity Shield
15 1964*, 1965*, 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977*, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986*, 1988, 1989, 1990*, 2001, 2006 (* shared)
Sheriff of London Charity Shield
1 1906
Football League Super Cup
1 1985-86
European Cup/UEFA Champions League
5 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005
UEFA Cup
3 1973, 1976, 2001
UEFA Super Cup
3 1977, 2001, 2005
Player records[edit]
Appearances[edit]
Most appearances in all competitions: Ian Callaghan, 857.[5]
Most league appearances: Ian Callaghan, 640.[5]
Most FA Cup appearances: Ian Callaghan, 79.[5]
Most League Cup appearances: Ian Rush, 78.[5]
Most Continental appearances: Jamie Carragher, 150.[5][6]
Youngest first-team player: Jerome Sinclair, 16 years and 6 days (against West Bromwich Albion, 26 September 2012).[5]
Oldest first-team player: Ned Doig, 41 years and 165 days (against Newcastle United, 11 April 1908).[5]
Oldest debutant: Ned Doig, 37 years and 307 days (against Burton United, 1 September 1904).[5]
Most consecutive appearances: Phil Neal, 417 (from 23 October 1976 to 24 September 1983).[5]
Most seasons playing every minute of every league and cup game: Phil Neal, 9 (from 1976–77 to 1983–84).[5]
Longest-serving player: Elisha Scott, 21 years and 52 days (from 1913 to 1934).[5]
Most appearances[edit]
Competitive, professional matches only, appearances as substitute in brackets.[7][8]
Players with most appearances for Liverpool F.C.
No.
Name
Years
League[C]
FA Cup
League Cup
Other[D]
Total
1
Ian Callaghan
1960–1978 640 (4) 79 (2) 42 (7) 96 (1) 857 (14)
2
Jamie Carragher
1996–2013 508 (24) 40 (1) 35 (7) 152 (3) 737 (35)
3
Steven Gerrard
1998–2015 504 (39) 42 (5) 30 (5) 134 (14) 710 (63)
4
Ray Clemence
1967–1981 470 (0) 54 (0) 55 (0) 86 (0) 665 (0)
Emlyn Hughes
1967–1979 474 (0) 62 (0) 46 (0) 83 (0) 665 (0)
6
Ian Rush
1980–1987
1988–1996 469 (22) 61 (5) 78 (0) 45 (3) 660 (30)
7
Phil Neal
1974–1985 455 (2) 45 (0) 66 (0) 81 (0) 650 (2)
8
Tommy Smith
1962–1978 467 (0) 52 (0) 30 (0) 89 (1) 638 (1)
9
Bruce Grobbelaar
1980–1994 440 (0) 62 (0) 70 (0) 46 (0) 628 (0)
10
Alan Hansen
1977–1991 434 (0) 58 (1) 68 (0) 53 (1) 620 (2)
Goalscorers[edit]
Robbie Fowler, who scored the fastest hat-trick in Liverpool history
Most goals in all competitions: Ian Rush, 346.[9]
Most league goals: Roger Hunt, 245.[9]
Most FA Cup goals: Ian Rush, 39.[9]
Most League Cup goals: Ian Rush, 48.[9]
Most Continental goals: Steven Gerrard, 41.[9]
Most goals in a season: Ian Rush, 47 (during the 1983–84 season).[10]
Most goals in a debut season: Mohamed Salah, 44 (during the 2017–18 season).[11]
Most league goals in a season: Roger Hunt, 41 (during the 1961–62 season).[12]
Most goals in a season by a Liverpool player in the Premier League era: Mohamed Salah, 44 (during the 2017–18 season).[13]
Most top-flight league goals in a season: 36 Gordon Hodgson 1930-31
Most continental goals in a season: Mohamed Salah and Roberto Firmino, 11 (during the 2017–18 season).[14]
Most hat-tricks in a season: Roger Hunt, 5 (during the 1961–62 season).[9]
Most games scored in a single campaign: Mohamed Salah, 34 (during the 2017–18 Premier League season).
Most goals in a season by a Liverpool player in history of Premier League: Mohamed Salah, 32 (during the 2017–18 season).[15]
Most hat-tricks: Gordon Hodgson, 17.[9]
Fastest hat-trick: Robbie Fowler, 4 minutes, 33 seconds, (against Arsenal, 28 August 1994).[9]
Highest-scoring substitute: David Fairclough, 18.[9]
Most penalties scored: Steven Gerrard, 47.[9]
Most games without scoring for an outfield player: Ephraim Longworth, 371.[9]
Youngest goalscorer: Ben Woodburn, 17 years, 45 days (against Leeds United, 29 November 2016).[9][16][17]
Oldest goalscorer: Billy Liddell, 38 years, 55 days (against Stoke City, 5 March 1960).[9]
Top goalscorers[edit]
Competitive, professional matches only. Matches played (including as substitute) appear in brackets.[18][19]
Top goalscorers for Liverpool F.C.
No.
Name
Years
League[C]
FA Cup
League Cup
Other[D]
Total
1
Ian Rush
1980–1987
1988–1996 229 (469) 39 (61) 48 (78) 23 (45) 346 (660)
2
Roger Hunt
1958–1969 245 (404) 18 (44) 5 (10) 18 (34) 286 (492)
3
Gordon Hodgson
1925–1936 233 (358) 8 (19) 0 (0) 0 (0) 241 (377)
4
Billy Liddell
1938–1961 215 (492) 13 (42) 0 (0) 0 (0) 228 (534)
5
Steven Gerrard
1998–2015 120 (503) 15 (40) 9 (28) 42(132) 186 (710)
6
Robbie Fowler
1993–2001
2006–2007 128 (266) 12 (24) 29 (35) 14 (44) 183 (369)
7
Kenny Dalglish
1977–1990 118 (355) 13 (37) 27 (59) 12 (58) 172 (515)
8
Michael Owen
1996–2004 118 (216) 8 (15) 9 (14) 23 (52) 158 (297)
9
Harry Chambers
1915–1928 135 (315) 16 (28) 0 (0) 0 (1) 151 (339)
10
Jack Parkinson
1903–1914 125 (200) 5 (19) 0 (0) 0 (1) 130 (220)
International[edit]
First capped player: Frank Becton, for England on 29 March 1897.[20]
Most international caps while a Liverpool player: Steven Gerrard, 114 for England.[21]
Most international goals while a Liverpool player:[21]
Michael Owen, 26 for England.
Ian Rush, 26 for Wales.
World Cup[edit]
First Liverpool player to appear at a World Cup: Laurie Hughes for England, at 1950 FIFA World Cup.[22]
Most World Cup appearances while a Liverpool player: Steven Gerrard, 12 for England in 2006, 2010 and 2014.[21]
Most World Cup goals while a Liverpool player: Michael Owen, 4 for England in 1998 and 2002.[21]
First World Cup winners: Roger Hunt, Ian Callaghan and Gerry Byrne, in 1966 with England.[21]
First non-British player to appear in a World Cup final: Dietmar Hamann, Germany, in 2002.[21]
First non-British World Cup winners: Fernando Torres and Pepe Reina, Spain in 2010.[22]
Transfers[edit]
For consistency, fees in the record transfer tables below are all sourced from BBC Sport's contemporary reports of each transfer.
Record transfer fees paid[edit]
Record transfer fees paid by Liverpool F.C.
Player
From
Fee
Date
1 Virgil van Dijk Southampton £75 million[23] 1 January 2018
2 Alisson Roma £66.8 million[24] 19 July 2018
3 Naby Keïta RB Leipzig £48 million[25] 1 July 2018
4 Fabinho Monaco £39 million[26] 28 May 2018
5 Mohamed Salah Roma £36.9 million[27] 23 June 2017
6 Andy Carroll Newcastle United £35 million[28] 31 January 2011
7 Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain Arsenal £35 million[29] 31 August 2017
8 Sadio Mané Southampton £34 million[30] 1 July 2016
9 Christian Benteke Aston Villa £32.5 million[31] 22 July 2015
10 Roberto Firmino 1899 Hoffenheim £29 million[32] 1 July 2015
Record transfer fees received[edit]
Record transfer fees received by Liverpool F.C.
Player
To
Fee
Date
1 Philippe Coutinho Barcelona £142 million[33] 6 January 2018
2 Luis Suárez Barcelona £75 million[34] 11 July 2014
3 Fernando Torres Chelsea £50 million[35] 31 January 2011
4 Raheem Sterling Manchester City £49 million[36] 14 July 2015
5 Xabi Alonso Real Madrid £30 million[37] 5 August 2009
Managerial records[edit]
Tom Watson, Liverpool's longest-serving manager
First managers: William Edward Barclay and John McKenna, from 15 February 1892 to 16 August 1896.[38]
Longest-serving manager by time: Tom Watson, from 17 August 1896 to 6 May 1915 (18 years, 262 days).[5]
Longest-serving manager by matches: Bill Shankly managed the club for 783 matches over a period of 14 years and seven months, from December 1959 to July 1974.[5]
Club records[edit]
Matches[edit]
Firsts[edit]
First match: Liverpool 7–1 Rotherham Town, a friendly match, 1 September 1892.[39]
First Lancashire League match: Liverpool 8–0 Higher Walton, 3 September 1892.[39]
First Football League match: Liverpool 2–0 Middlesbrough Ironopolis, Second Division, 2 September 1893.[39]
First FA Cup match: Liverpool 4–0 Nantwich Town, first qualifying round, 15 October 1892.[39]
First League Cup match: Liverpool 1–1 Luton Town, second round, 19 October 1960.[39]
First European match: Liverpool 5–0 KR Reykjavik, European Cup, first round, 17 August 1964.[39]
Wins[edit]
Record win: 11–0 against Strømsgodset in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 17 September 1974.[39]
Record league win: 10–1 against Rotherham Town in Second Division, 18 February 1896.[39]
Record FA Cup win: 9–0 against Newtown in second qualifying round, 29 October 1892.[39]
Record League Cup win: 10–0 against Fulham in second round, first-leg, 23 September 1986.[39]
Most league wins in a season: 30 wins from 42 games (during the 1978–79 season).[39]
Fewest league wins in a season: 7 wins from 30 games (during the 1894–95 season).[39]
Most consecutive wins: 11 (during the 1988–89 and 2005–06 seasons).[40]
Defeats[edit]
Record defeat: 1–9 against Birmingham City FC in Second Division, 11 December 1954.[39]
Record defeat at Anfield: 0–6 against Sunderland in First Division, 19 April 1930.[39]
Record-scoring defeat: 2–9 against Newcastle United in First Division, 1 January 1934.[39]
Record FA Cup defeat: 0–5 against Bolton Wanderers in fourth round, first-leg, 26 January 1946.[39]
Record League Cup defeat: 3–6 against Arsenal in fifth round, 9 January 2007.[39]
Most league defeats in a season: 23 defeats from 42 games (during the 1953–54 season).[39]
Fewest defeats in a season: Unbeaten during the 28-game 1893–94 season.[39]
Most consecutive defeats: 9 (during the 1898–99 and 1899–1900 seasons).[41]
Goals[edit]
Most league goals scored in a season: 106 in 30 games (during the 1895–96 season, Second Division).[9]
Most Top flight goals scored in a season: 101 in 38 games (during the 2013–14 season, Premier League).[9]
Fewest league goals scored in a season: 42 in 34 and 42 games (during the 1901–02 and 1970–71 seasons, First Division).[9]
Most league goals conceded in a season: 97 in 42 games (during the 1953–54 season, First Division).[9]
Fewest league goals conceded in a season: 16 in 42 games (during the 1978–79 season, First Division).[9]
Points[edit]
Most points in a season:
Two points for a win: 68 (in 42 games in 1978–79, First Division).[42]
Three points for a win: 90 (in 40 games in 1987–88, First Division).[42]
Fewest points in a season:
Two points for a win: 22 (in 30 games in 1894–95, First Division).[42]
Three points for a win: 52 (in 38 games in 2011–12, Premier League).[43]
Attendances[edit]
Highest league home attendance: 58,757 (against Chelsea, First Division in the 1949–50 season).[44]
Highest FA Cup home attendance: 61,905 (against Wolverhampton Wanderers in the 1951–52 season).[44]
Highest League Cup home attendance: 50,880 (against Nottingham Forest, in the 1979–80 season).[44]
Highest European home attendance: 55,104 (against Barcelona, in the 1975–76 season).[44]
Record lowest home attendance: 1,000 (against Loughborough, Second Division in the 1895–96 season).[44][F]
Lowest FA Cup home attendance: 4,000 (against Newtown, in the 1892–93 season).[44]
Lowest League Cup home attendance: 9,902 (against Brentford in the 1983–84 season).[44]
Lowest European home attendance: 12,021 (against Dundalk in the 1982–83 season).[44]
Liverpool recorded a 95,446 attendance against Melbourne Victory in a pre-season friendly in July 2013 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australia; the largest ever crowd for a football match in Victoria at the time, as well as the highest in Liverpool's history.[45] In July 2018, Liverpool bested this attendance with a 101,254 strong crowd at Michigan Stadium in a game against Manchester United during the 2018 International Champions Cup.[46]
European statistics[edit]
Main article: Liverpool F.C. in European football
Footnotes[edit]
A. ^ Between 1949 and 1993 the Community Shield was usually shared if the game was drawn.
B. ^ Ever-present refers to the player playing every minute of every match in the league and cup competitions.
C. a b Includes the Football League and the Premier League.
D. a b The "Other" column includes goals and appearances (including those as a substitute) in UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, UEFA Cup Winners Cup, UEFA Super Cup, Charity Shield and Intercontinental Cup matches.
E. ^ Attendance against Wolves also represents the record highest FA Cup attendance.
F. ^ Attendance against Loughborough also represents the record lowest league attendance.
References[edit]
General
"Stats". LFC history. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2008.
"Records". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Liverpool FC".
Jump up ^ "LFC Story". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
Jump up ^ "The History of Liverpool Football Trophies". afordawards.co.uk. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Honours". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Appearances". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Total games played per season by Jamie Carragher". LFC history. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 416
Jump up ^ "Most Appearances". LFC history. Archived from the original on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Goals". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Rollin 2006, pp. 232–233
Jump up ^ "Most goals in a debut season". lfchistory.net. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mohamed Salah breaking records with Liverpool scoring exploits". skysports.com. Retrieved 2018-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Salah, Firmino make history with goals vs. City". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Mohamed Salah wins Golden Boot with new PL record". The Independent. 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Price, Glenn (29 November 2016). "Liverpool forward Ben Woodburn becomes Liverpool's youngest scorer". espnfc.com.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (29 November 2016). "Liverpool FC's youngest ever first-team goalscorers". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 415
Jump up ^ "Goalscorers". LFC history. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 396
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Internationals". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Liverpool & World Cup". LFC history. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2007.
Jump up ^ "Virgil van Dijk: Liverpool to sign Southampton defender for world record £75m". BBC Sport. 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alisson: Liverpool make Brazilian world's most expensive goalkeeper". BBC Sport. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Naby Keita: Liverpool agree club record deal for Leipzig midfielder for July 2018". BBC Sport. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fabinho:Liverpool agree £39m deal for Monaco midfielder". BBC Sport. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mohamed Salah: Liverpool sign Roma's former Chelsea winger for £36.9m". BBC Sport. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool sign Andy Carroll from Newcastle". BBC Sport. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain: Liverpool sign Arsenal midfielder for £35m". BBC Sport. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sadio Mane: Liverpool complete £34m signing of Southampton forward". BBC Sport. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Christian Benteke: Liverpool sign £32.5m Aston Villa striker". BBC Sport. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ben (23 June 2015). "Roberto Firmino: Liverpool agree £29m deal for Brazil striker". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Philippe Coutinho: Barcelona to sign Liverpool and Brazil midfielder in £142m deal". BBC Sport. 6 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool & Barcelona agree £75m deal for striker". BBC Sport. 11 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Torres makes record move from Liverpool to Chelsea". BBC Sport. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Raheem Sterling: Man City sign Liverpool winger in £49m deal". BBC Sport. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Alonso completes £30m Real move". BBC Sport. 5 August 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "John McKenna's managerial career". LFC history. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Matches". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool's best winning run – Top 10". LFC History. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool's worst losing run – Top 10". LFC History. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pead 1986, p. 414
Jump up ^ "Kenny Dalglish fact file". ITV Sport. 17 May 2012. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Attendances". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool FC stamps Melbourne as world sports leader". 25 July 2013. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Match report: Liverpool put four past United in Michigan". Liverpool FC. Retrieved 2018-07-29.
Bibliography
Pead, Brian (1986). Liverpool A Complete Record. Breedon Books. p. 416. ISBN 0-907969-15-1.
Ponting, Ivan. Liverpool in Europe. Guinness. p. 22. ISBN 0-85112-569-7.
Rollin, Jack and Glenda (2006). Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2006-2007. Headline. pp. 232&ndash, 233. ISBN 0-7553-1526-X.
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