text:
Nadia Bjorlin
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Nadia Björlin
Bjorlin at the 16th Annual Movieguide Faith and Values Awards Gala in Beverly Hills, February 12, 2008
Born
Nadia Alexandra Björlin
(1980-08-02) August 2, 1980 (age 37)
Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.
Occupation
Actress, singer, model
Years active
1999–present
Spouse(s)
Grant Turnbull (m. 2015)
Children
2
Website
Official website
Nadia Alexandra Björlin (born August 2, 1980) is an American actress, singer, and model.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 Awards and Nominations
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Björlin was born on August 2, 1980 in Newport, Rhode Island. She is the second eldest child of Swedish composer and conductor Ulf Björlin[1] and Fary Björlin (née Dadashi), an Iranian interior designer.[2][3][4]
Björlin is fluent in English, Swedish, and Farsi and is also schooled in French, Italian, and Russian. She has an older brother Ulf Alexander Jr. and a younger brother Jean-Paul. She also has an older half-brother Kaj, and two older half-sisters Katja and Kamilla, from her mother's first marriage.[citation needed]
Björlin's family moved to her father's native country of Sweden while she was still an infant. She has described her childhood as "wonderful" with "loving parents and siblings to lean on", although Björlin recalls being "oblivious" to racial tensions going on in Sweden. Although she never attended school there, a few of her siblings did and she remembers them talking about how they "experienced some torment" from classmates due to being half-Iranian. Being born after the Revolution of Iran, Björlin says she "grew up in a time where Iranians were looked down upon in places of the world".[5]
Björlin's family moved back and forth between the States and Sweden before she was seven years old. They moved a few times because of her father's work, living in Stockholm, Los Angeles and Palm Beach Florida. For her education, she attended the Interlochen Center for the Arts and the Boston University Tanglewood Institute, where she was honored for her excellence in theatre, voice, music and dance. Along with her brothers Ulf and Jean Paul, Björlin attended the Palm Beach County School of the Arts (now Dreyfoos School of the Arts) for her first 2 years of high school.[6] During her time there, Björlin sang with the Palm Beach Opera and in 1996, she competed in a large international vocal competition in Verona, Italy, where she was part of the choir who won the gold medal. While she was a junior in high school her family moved, this time to New York City. Björlin was able to attend the Professional Children's School, where she studied alongside other famous actors and actresses, including Julia Stiles, Gaby Hoffman, and Macaulay Culkin. In May 1999, Björlin won first place in the Metro Lyric Opera Competition, taking place in NYC. When she graduated from high school, she decided to shift her focus from singing to acting.[7]
Career[edit]
Björlin's first major role was in April 1999 as Chloe Lane[8] on the soap opera Days of Our Lives.[1][9] In late 1999, she appeared as a go-go dancer in the music video for Ricky Martin's song Shake Your Bon-Bon.
Björlin left Days in June 2003 to concentrate on her singing career but returned later in December 2003. In September 2005, Björlin left Days of our Lives again and joined the cast of the UPN series Sex, Love & Secrets. The show was canceled by the network, but Björlin continued to make guest appearances on television series such as Jake in Progress and Out of Practice.
Björlin appeared in the 2007 independent feature film If I Had Known I Was a Genius, starring Markus Redmond, Whoopi Goldberg, Sharon Stone, and Tara Reid. The film was screened at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.
Björlin was also cast as the female lead of the Chicago Pictures' feature film, Redline. The film starred Eddie Griffin and Nathan Phillips, and was released in theaters on April 13, 2007.
Björlin returned to Days of Our Lives as Chloe on November 29, 2007, and left the show again in September 2011 to pursue acting in films.[citation needed]
Since 2009, Björlin has starred as lesbian author Lara in the web series Venice: The Series.
In 2010, Björlin had a small role in NCIS as a suburban housewife wearing a bikini during a door-to-door canvasing by one of the NCIS investigators. That same year she guest starred on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men as Evelyn Harper's (Holland Taylor) lesbian lover, Jill.
In 2011, Björlin was one of the stars of the reality television series Dirty Soap[10] which gave viewers a behind-the-scenes view of Nadia's departure from Days of Our Lives, and afterward, including a bit of insight into the tenuous relationship between Nadia's live-in boyfriend and her mother who doesn't like him because she believes that he doesn't treat her well enough.
Björlin returned to her role on Days of Our Lives as Chloe for a two-episode stint on August 3, and 4, 2013, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the daytime serial.[citation needed]
Björlin guest starred on 2 Broke Girls as the owner of a cat found by the girls in an episode aired on October 7, 2013.
Personal life[edit]
Björlin dated Los Angeles radio personality Frank Kramer around 2000 or 2001; Kramer would often refer to her on his show as "Tuesday". She also dated Bruce Willis around 2001–2002. Björlin was once engaged to subprime lending tycoon Daniel Sadek, who produced her film Redline. Bjorlin had been in a relationship with actor Brandon Beemer for seven years until 2013.[11]
Björlin became engaged to boyfriend Grant Turnbull, a property developer and home builder, in August 2014.[12] Bjorlin married Turnbull on May 15, 2015 in Palm Springs.[11] The couple have two sons, Torin Mathias (born May 4, 2016),[13] and Viggo Sebastian (born September 1, 2017).[14]
Björlin is good friends with her former Days of Our Lives co-star Farah Fath.[15]
Björlin's father Ulf Bjorlin died in 1993 at age 60 due to Leukemia.[citation needed] Since then, Björlin has been involved in several charities and fundraisers to help raise awareness and money for research on this type of cancer. She has even formed her own team; Nadia's Cancer Crusaders to help find a cure for this disease. On June 15, 2013, Björlin and her then-boyfriend Brandon Beemer participated in and hosted the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's annual "Light the Night" walk at the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles, California with the goal of raising $500,000 for Leukemia research and to help people fight the disease. On October 5, 2013, Björlin again participated in the "Light the Night" at Sunset Gower Studios in Hollywood.[16][17][18]
Apart from singing and acting, Björlin is also a musician and plays the flute, harp, guitar, and piano.[2] She also has a couple of pet birds, and a puppy named Tiger.[citation needed]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
2002 Marriage Undone, TheThe Marriage Undone Tracie
2007 If I Had Known I Was a Genius Faith
2007 Redline Natasha Martin
2008 Jack Rio Sonia Hunter
2012 Divorce Invitation Alex Roverson
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1999–present Days of Our Lives Chloe Lane Role from 1999-present
2004 Complete Savages Woman no. 2 Episode: "Almost Men in Uniform"
2005 Jake in Progress Pretty woman Episode: "Sign Language"
2005 Sex, Love & Secrets Meg 2 episodes
2006 Out of Practice Alana Episode: "Model Behavior"
2010 NCIS Brittany Episode: "Dead Air"
2010 Two and a Half Men Jill Episode: "Springtime on a Stick"
2012 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Crystal Hasselbeck Episode: "Malice in Wonderland"
2013 Anger Management Dr. Miller Episode: "Charlie's New Sex Study Partner"
2013 2 Broke Girls Pam Episode: "And the Kitty Kitty Spank Spank"
2016 I Know Where Lizzie Is Tracy TV film
2015 Satisfaction Amara Episode: ... Through Travel
Web series
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2009–present Venice: The Series Lara Miller Main cast
Awards and Nominations[edit]
Year
Work
Role
Award
Category
Result
2011 Venice: The Series Laura Miller Indie Series Awards Best Supporting Actress-Drama Nominated[19]
See also[edit]
Iranian American
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Nadia Björlin i Hollywoodthriller". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). April 11, 2006. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nadia Bjorlin Biography". BuddyTV. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ghazai, Nima. "Press: The Swede Sound of Music". Nadia-Bjorlin.com – The Official Website. Reprinted from NYLA Magazine.
Jump up ^ Kay, Ernest (December 1984). International Who's Who in Music: And Musicians' Directory. 10. Melrose Press Ltd/Google Books. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Björlin, Nadia (2011). "Press: Angel Eyes: Coexistence". Nadia-Bjorlin.com – The Official Website. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Days of our Lives' Nadia Bjorlin Named Official Ambassador for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's 'Light The Night(R)' Walk". August 6, 2002. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Björlin, Nadia. "Biography". Nadia-Bjorlin.com – The Official Website. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About Chloe Lane Character Page".
Jump up ^ Gwen Morett. "Nadia Bjorlin – Days of Our Lives Nadia Bjorlin Profile". About. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "First Look at DIRTY SOAP". Soap Opera Digest. August 27, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Richard Ayoub. "'Days of Our Lives' star Nadia Bjorlin gets married". Fox News. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Janet Di Lauro. "Days of Our Lives Alum Nadia Bjorlin Engaged". About. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Leon, Anya. "Nadia Bjorlin Welcomes Son Torin Mathias". People. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "DAYS FAVE WELCOMES BABY NO. 2". Soap Opera Digest. September 2, 2017~accessdate=September 2, 2017. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ Dirty Soap premiere (September 25, 2011).
Jump up ^ Purvis, Matt (April 23, 2013). "DOOL's Nadia Bjorlin To Host Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Gala". Soaps.com.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Laurie; Sperber, David (August 6, 2002). "'Days of our Lives' Nadia Bjorlin Named Official Ambassador for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's 'Light The Night(R)' Walk". PR Newswire.
Jump up ^ Björlin, Nadia. "Nadia Bjorlin". Nadia Bjorlin. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's 'Man & Woman of the Year' Gala / Light the Night Walk. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Indie Soap Awards, Awards history. Retrieved 2015-02-11.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nadia Bjorlin.
Official website
Nadia Bjorlin on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb16518467c (data)
ISNI: 0000 0001 2022 777X
LCCN: n2008019521
VIAF: 26532069
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadia_Bjorlin&oldid=839896009"
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text:
Small for gestational age
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Small for gestational age
Graph showing which babies fit the definition of small. (DiseaseDB #31952)
Classification and external resources
Specialty
pediatrics
ICD-10
P05, P07
ICD-9-CM
764, 765
MeSH
D007230
[edit on Wikidata]
Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age, most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.[1]
Contents
1 Terminology
2 Diagnosis
3 Causes
4 Management
5 References
Terminology[edit]
By definition, at least 10% of all newborns will be labeled SGA. Not all newborns that are SGA are pathologically growth restricted and, in fact, may be constitutionally small. However, the designation has prognostic importance because it predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia[2].
If small for gestational age babies have been the subject of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), formerly known as intrauterine growth retardation,[3] the term SGA associated with IUGR is used. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined potential size. This functional definition seeks to identify a population of fetuses at risk for modifiable but otherwise poor outcomes. This definition intentionally excludes fetuses that are small for gestational age (SGA) but are not pathologically small.[4] Infants born SGA with severe short stature (or severe SGA) are defined as having a length less than 2.5 standard deviation scores below the mean.[5]
A related term is low birth weight (LBW), defined as an infant with a birth weight (that is, mass at the time of birth[6]) of less than 2500 g (5 lb 8 oz), regardless of gestational age at the time of birth. Related definitions include very low birth weight (VLBW) which is less than 1500 g, and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) which is less than 1000 g.[7] Normal Weight at term delivery is 2500 g - 4200 g.
SGA is not a synonym of LBW, VLBW or ELBW. Example: 35-week gestational age delivery, 2250g weight is appropriate for gestational age but is still LBW. One third of low-birth-weight neonates - infants weighing less than 2500g - are small for gestational age.
There is an 8.1% incidence of low birth weight in developed countries, and 6–30% in developing countries. Much of this can be attributed to the health of the mother during pregnancy. One third of babies born with a low birth weight are also small for gestational age. Infants that are born at low birth weights are at risk of developing neonatal infection.
Both low and high maternal serum Vitamin D (25-OH) are associated with higher incidence SGA in white women, although the correlation does not seem to hold for African American women.[8]
Mean Weight for Gestational age at birth with Standard Deviation and 10th percentile calculated by Z-score[9]
Gestational Age at birth (weeks)
Mean weight (grams)
SD
10th%
22 467 92 354
23 553 109 416
24 626 129 473
25 714 156 529
26 819 186 597
27 935 215 677
28 1073 242 770
29 1211 269 882
30 1396 309 1018
31 1588 336 1166
32 1800 371 1335
33 2033 405 1538
34 2296 428 1772
35 2560 440 2021
36 2799 441 2261
37 3028 456 2477
38 3209 432 2665
39 3333 419 2810
40 3417 416 2904
41 3486 422 2958
42 3512 429 2985
43 3550 444 2981
44 3505 503 2952
Diagnosis[edit]
The condition is determined by birth weight and/or length.
A related condition, IUGR, is generally diagnosed by measuring the mother's uterus, with the fundal height being less than it should be for that stage of the pregnancy. If it is suspected, the mother will usually be sent for an ultrasound to confirm.
Causes[edit]
Being small for gestational age is broadly either:[4]
Being constitutionally small, wherein the state is basically a genetic trait of the baby.
Intrauterine growth restriction, also called "pathological SGA"
Management[edit]
90 percent of babies born SGA catch up in growth by the age of 2. However, all SGA babies should be watched for signs of Failure-to-Thrive (FTT), hypoglycemia and other conditions common to SGA babies (see below). Hypoglycemia is common in asymmetrical SGA babies because their larger brains burn calories at a faster rate than their usually limited fat stores hold. Hypoglycemia is treated by frequent feedings and/or additions of cornstarch-based products (such as Duocal powder) to the feedings.
For the 10 percent of those that are SGA without catchup growth by the age of 2, an endocrinologist should be consulted. Some cases warrant growth hormone therapy (GHT).
There are some common conditions and disorders found in many that are SGA (and especially those that are SGA without catchup growth by age 2). They should be treated by the appropriate specialist:
Gastroenterologist - for gastrointestinal issues such as: reflux (GERD) and/or delayed gastric emptying (DGE)
Dietitian - to address caloric deficits. Dietitians are usually brought in for cases that include FTT. Also, according to the theory of thrifty phenotype, causes of growth restriction also trigger epigenetic responses in the fetus that are otherwise activated in times of chronic food shortage. If the offspring actually develops in an environment rich in food it may be more prone to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes.[10]
Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) or Occupational Therapist (OT) - for feeding issues. OTs may also treat sensory issues
Behaviorist - for feeding issues, a behavioral approach may also be used, but usually for older children (over 2)
Allergist - to diagnose or rule out food allergies (not necessarily more common in those SGA than the normal population)
Ear, Nose and Throat doctor (ENT) - to diagnose enlarged adenoids or tonsils (not necessarily more common in those SGA than the normal population)
For IUGR (during pregnancy), possible treatments include the early induction of labor, though this is only done if the condition has been diagnosed and seen as a risk to the health of the fetus.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Small for gestational age (SGA) at MedlinePlus. Update Date: 8/4/2009. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick. Also reviewed by David Zieve.
Jump up ^ Cunningham, F. Gary; Leveno, Kenneth J.; Bloom, Steven L.; Spong, Catherine Y.; Dashe, Jodi S.; Hoffman, Barbara L.; Casey, Brian M.; Sheffield, Jeanne S. (2013). Williams Obstetrics (24 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Jump up ^ "eMedicine - Intrauterine Growth Retardation : Article by Vikram S Dogra, MD". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "eMedicine - Fetal Growth Restriction : Article by Michael G Ross, MD, MPH". Retrieved 2010-02-25.
Jump up ^ Clayton, PE; Cianfarani, S; Czernichow, P; Johannsson, G; Rapaport, R; Rogol, A (March 2007). "Management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: a consensus statement of the International Societies of Pediatric Endocrinology and the Growth Hormone Research Society". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 92 (3): 804–10. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2017. PMID 17200164.
Jump up ^ Definitions Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. from Georgia Department of Public Health. Date: 12/04/2008. Original citation: "Birthweight: Infant's weight recorded at the time of birth"
Jump up ^ "eMedicine - Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant : Article by KN Siva Subramanian, MD". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Bodnar LM, Catov JM, Zmuda JM, Cooper ME, Parrott MS, Roberts JM, Marazita ML, Simhan HN. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with small-for-gestational age births in white women. J Nutr. 2010 May;140(5):999-1006".
Jump up ^ Talge, Nicole M.; Mudd, Lanay M.; Sikorskii, Alla; Basso, Olga (2014-05-01). "United States Birth Weight Reference Corrected For Implausible Gestational Age Estimates". Pediatrics. 133 (5): 844–853. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3285. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 24777216.
Jump up ^ Barker, D. J. P., ed. (1992). Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. London: British Medical Journal. ISBN 0-7279-0743-3.
hide
v
t
e
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease (P, 760–779)
Maternal factors and
complications of pregnancy,
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placenta:
Placenta praevia
Placental insufficiency
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
chorion/amnion:
Chorioamnionitis
umbilical cord:
Umbilical cord prolapse
Nuchal cord
Single umbilical artery
Length of gestation
and fetal growth
Small for gestational age/Large for gestational age
Preterm birth/Postmature birth
Intrauterine growth restriction
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Cardiovascular
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Persistent fetal circulation
Haemorrhagic and
hematologic disease
Vitamin K deficiency
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
HDN
ABO
Anti-Kell
Rh c
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Anemia of prematurity
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Integument and
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Musculoskeletal
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muscle tone
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Infectious
Vertically transmitted infection
Neonatal infection
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Group B streptococcal infection
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Other
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_for_gestational_age&oldid=831607423"
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Tattoo Fixers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tattoo Fixers
Genre
Reality television
Created by
Jamie-Lee Ingram
Starring
Jay Hutton
Steven Porter
Louisa Hopper
Paisley Billings
Alice Perrin
Glen Carloss
Opening theme
Chris Lewis
Country of origin
United Kingdom
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
40 (as of 14 November 2017)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Tim Harcourt
Producer(s)
Matthew J. Smith
Editor(s)
Dom Bird
Simone Haywood
Running time
60 minutes
Production company(s)
Studio Lambert
Distributor
All3Media
Release
Original network
E4
Picture format
16:9 1080i
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
23 June 2015 (2015-06-23) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Tattoo Nightmares
Body Fixers
Tattoo Fixers is a British reality television series based in Hackney in London, broadcast on E4, from 23 June 2015. The series follows helping members of public cover up some of the rudest and crudest tattoos. The original cast included Jay Hutton, Steven Porter, Lou Hopper and Paisley Billings. For the second series, Hopper was replaced by Alice Perrin.[1] As of January 2017, 31 episodes have been broadcast, airing three series. On 12 July 2017, the show announced that a new tattoo fixer would be joining the cast, Glen Carloss.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Cast
3 Episodes
4 Broadcast
5 Spin-offs
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
On 12 February 2015, Digital Spy announced that television channel, E4, would be commissioning a nine-part documentary series; The Tattoo Fixers.[2] However, it was later shortened to Tattoo Fixers. The series follows the same format as the American show Tattoo Nightmares.
Cast[edit]
Name
Series
1
2
3
4
Jay Hutton
Steven "Sketch" Porter
Paisley Billings
Alice Perrin
Glen Carloss
Lou Hopper
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Tattoo Fixers episodes
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
Series average
(millions)
First aired
Last aired
1 9 23 June 2015 18 August 2015 0.61
2 15 22 December 2015 29 March 2016 0.99
3 15 7 December 2016 28 March 2017 TBA
4 TBA 7 November 2017 (2017-11-07) TBA TBA

Broadcast[edit]
In Australia, the series premiered on GO! on 2 September 2015.[3]
Spin-offs[edit]
In 2016, Channel 4 announced the commission of two Tattoo Fixers spin-offs. Tattoo Fixers on Holiday will be similar to the parent series but with a focus on tattoos picked up on holidays abroad, whilst Body Fixers will look at non-tattoo cosmetic alterations such as body piercing, hair dye and botox.[4][5] Casting calls for Body Fixers began to appear after episodes of Tattoo Fixers from February 2016 and the series began on 13 September 2016.[6]
Airing from April 2017, Tattoo Artist of the Year will be judged by Jay Hutton and Rose Hardy.[7]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Year
Result
National Television Award for "Factual Entertainment" 2017 Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gordon, Naomi (22 December 2015). "Tattoo Fixers star teases most ridiculous cover-up". Digital Spy. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Wightman, Catriona (12 February 2015). "E4 to fix terrible tattoos in new eight-part documentary". Digital Spy. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 September 2015). "Airdate: Storage Hunters, Ghost Town Gold, South Beach Tow, Troy, Tattoo Fixers". TV Tonight. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "E4 takes smash hit Tattoo Fixers on Holiday and extends to body fixing". 4 Press. Channel 4. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Harry (3 February 2016). "Tattoo Fixers gets a holiday spinoff AND a Body Fixers series". Digital Spy. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Weston, Alan (12 February 2016). "Makers of Tattoo Fixers are in Liverpool to cast for new body transformation show". Echo. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "E4 Commissions Tattoo Artist of the Year Competition". Channel 4. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Tattoo Fixers on IMDb
Tattoo Fixers official website
Tattoo Fixers Facebook page
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo_Fixers&oldid=811279354"
Categories:
2015 British television programme debuts
2010s British television series
Television shows set in London
Channel 4 reality television programmes
Television series by All3Media
English-language television programs
E4 series
Tattooing television series
Hidden categories:
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Use dmy dates from November 2017
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This page was last edited on 20 November 2017, at 16:54.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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