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Back to the Future
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This article is about the first film in the trilogy. For the franchise, see Back to the Future (franchise). For other uses, see Back to the Future (disambiguation).
Back to the Future
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan
Directed by
Robert Zemeckis
Produced by
Bob Gale
Neil Canton
Written by
Robert Zemeckis
Bob Gale
Starring
Michael J. Fox
Christopher Lloyd
Lea Thompson
Crispin Glover
Music by
Alan Silvestri
Cinematography
Dean Cundey
Edited by
Arthur Schmidt
Harry Keramidas
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment[1]
Universal Pictures[1]
Distributed by
Universal Pictures[1]
Release date
July 3, 1985 (1985-07-03)
Running time
116 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$19 million[3][4]
Box office
$381.1 million[3][4][5]
Back to the Future is a 1985 American adventure film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown, inventor of the time-traveling DeLorean, who helps Marty repair history and return to 1985.
Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale wondered whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school together. Film studios rejected it until the financial success of Zemeckis' Romancing the Stone. Zemeckis approached Steven Spielberg, who agreed to produce the project at Amblin Entertainment, with Universal Pictures as distributor. Fox was the first choice to play Marty, but he was busy filming his television series Family Ties, and Eric Stoltz was cast; after Stoltz and the filmmakers decided he was wrong for the role, a deal was struck to allow Fox to film Back to the Future without interrupting his television schedule.
Back to the Future was released on July 3, 1985. It grossed over $381 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1985. It won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, and the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. It received three Academy Award nominations, five BAFTA nominations, and four Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy). In 2007, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in June 2008 the American Film Institute's special AFI's 10 Top 10 designated it the 10th-best science fiction film. The film began a franchise including two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), an animated series, theme park ride, and several video games.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Music
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 Legacy
7 Sequels
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 Further reading
11 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1985 Hill Valley, California, teenager Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, are chastised by the school principal for lateness. Marty auditions for the Battle of the Bands, but is rejected for being too loud. At home, Marty's father George is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen, while his mother Lorraine is an overweight, depressed alcoholic. Lorraine recalls how she met George when her father hit him with his car.
Marty is invited by his friend, eccentric inventor Dr. Emmett Brown, to meet him in a parking lot in the early hours. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean and powered by plutonium stolen from terrorists. Preparing to demonstrate the time machine, Doc sets the date to November 5, 1955: the day he invented time travel. The terrorists arrive and shoot Doc. Marty escapes in the DeLorean, but inadvertently activates the time machine.
Marty finds himself in 1955 without enough plutonium to return. He encounters the teenaged George, who is bullied by his classmate Biff. After Marty saves George from an oncoming car, he is knocked unconscious and awakens to find himself tended to by Lorraine, who is infatuated with him.
Marty tracks down Doc's younger self for help. With no plutonium, Doc explains that the only power source capable of generating the necessary 1.21 gigawatts of electricity for the time machine is a bolt of lightning. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that recounts a lightning strike at the town's courthouse due the coming Saturday night.
Doc instructs Marty to not leave his house or interact with anyone, as he could inadvertently alter the future; because of this, Doc refuses to heed warnings from Marty about his death in 1985. Marty realizes that he has prevented his parents from meeting and Doc warns him that Marty will be erased from existence if he does not find a way to introduce George to Lorraine. Doc formulates a plan to harness the power of the lightning, while Marty sets about introducing his parents.
After Lorraine asks Marty to the school dance, Marty concocts a plan: he will feign inappropriate advances on Lorraine, allowing George to "rescue" her. The plan goes awry when a drunken Biff attempts to force himself on Lorraine. George, enraged, knocks out Biff, and Lorraine follows him to the dance floor, where they kiss while Marty performs with the band.
As the storm arrives, Marty returns to the clock tower and the lightning strikes, sending Marty back to 1985. Doc has survived the shooting, as he had listened to Marty's warnings and worn a bullet-proof vest. Doc takes Marty home and departs to the future. Marty awakens the next morning to find that George is a successful author, Lorraine is fit and happy, and Biff is now an obsequious auto valet. As Marty reunites with Jennifer, the DeLorean appears with Doc, insisting they accompany him to 2015 to resolve a problem with their future children. The trio board the DeLorean and warp to the future.
Cast[edit]
Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly
Christopher Lloyd as Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown
Lea Thompson as Lorraine Baines-McFly
Crispin Glover as George McFly
Thomas F. Wilson as Biff Tannen
Claudia Wells as Jennifer Parker
James Tolkan as Mr. Strickland
Marc McClure as Dave McFly
Wendie Jo Sperber as Linda McFly
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Writer and producer Bob Gale conceived Back to the Future after he visited his parents in St. Louis, Missouri after the release of Used Cars. Searching their basement, Gale found his father's high school yearbook and discovered he was president of his graduating class. Gale had not known the president of his own graduating class, and wondered whether he would have been friends with his father if they went to high school together.[6] When he returned to California, Gale told director Robert Zemeckis about the idea.[7] Zemeckis thought of a mother claiming she never kissed a boy at school when, in fact, she had been promiscuous.[8] The two took the project to Columbia Pictures, and made a development deal for a script in September 1980.[7]
Zemeckis and Gale set the story in 1955 because a 17-year-old traveling to meet his parents at the same age arithmetically required the script to travel to that decade. The era also marked the rise of teenagers as an important cultural element, the birth of rock n' roll, and suburban expansion, which flavored the story.[9] In an early script, the time machine was a refrigerator, and Marty would need the power of an atomic explosion at the Nevada Test Site to return home. Zemeckis was concerned that children would accidentally lock themselves in refrigerators, and felt it was more useful if the time machine were mobile. The DeLorean DMC-12 was chosen because its design made the gag about the family of farmers mistaking it for a flying saucer believable.[10] Zemeckis and Gale found it difficult to create a believable friendship between Marty and Brown before they created the giant guitar amplifier, and only resolved his Oedipal relationship with Marty's mother when they wrote the line "It's like I'm kissing my brother." Biff Tannen was named after studio executive Ned Tanen, who behaved aggressively toward Zemeckis and Gale during a script meeting for I Wanna Hold Your Hand.[8]
The first draft of Back to the Future was finished in February 1981 and presented to Columbia, who put the film in turnaround. "They thought it was a really nice, cute, warm film, but not sexual enough," Gale said. "They suggested that we take it to Disney, but we decided to see if any other of the major studios wanted a piece of us."[7] Every major film studio rejected the script for the next four years, while Back to the Future went through two more drafts. During the early 1980s, popular teen comedies (such as Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Porky's) were risqué and adult-aimed, so the script was rejected for being too light.[8] Gale and Zemeckis finally pitched Back to the Future to Disney, but they felt the story of a mother falling in love with her son was not appropriate for a family film under the Disney name.[7]
The two were tempted to ally themselves with Steven Spielberg, who produced Used Cars and I Wanna Hold Your Hand, which were both box office bombs. Zemeckis and Gale initially had shown the screenplay to Spielberg, who had "loved" it.[11] Spielberg, however, was absent from the project during development because Zemeckis felt if he produced another flop under him, he would never be able to make another film.[11] Gale said "we were afraid that we would get the reputation that we were two guys who could only get a job because we were pals with Steven Spielberg."[12] Zemeckis chose to direct Romancing the Stone instead, which was a box office success. Now a high-profile director, Zemeckis reapproached Spielberg with the concept.[8] Agreeing to produce Back to the Future, Spielberg set the project up at his production company, Amblin Entertainment, with Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall joining Spielberg as executive producers on the film.[13][14]
The script remained with Columbia until legal problems forced them to withdraw. The studio was set to begin shooting a comedic send-up of Double Indemnity entitled Big Trouble. Columbia's legal department determined that the film's plot was too similar to Double Indemnity and they needed the permission of Universal Pictures, owners of the earlier film, if the film was ever to begin shooting. With Big Trouble set to go, desperate Columbia executives phoned Universal's Frank Price to get the necessary paperwork. Price was a former Columbia executive who had been fond of the script for Back to the Future during his tenure there. As a result, Universal agreed to trade the Double Indemnity license in exchange for the rights to Back to the Future.[15]
Executive Sidney Sheinberg made suggestions to the script, such as changing Marty's mother's name from Meg to Lorraine (the name of his wife, actress Lorraine Gary), changing Brown's name from Professor Brown to Doc Brown, and replacing Doc's pet chimpanzee with a dog.[8] Sheinberg also wanted the title changed to Spaceman from Pluto,[16] convinced no successful film ever had "future" in the title. He suggested Marty introduce himself as "Darth Vader from the planet Pluto" while dressed as an alien (rather than "the planet Vulcan"), and that the farmer's son's comic book be titled Spaceman from Pluto rather than Space Zombies from Pluto. Appalled, Zemeckis asked Spielberg for help. Spielberg dictated a memo to Sheinberg convincing him they thought his title was a joke, thus embarrassing him into dropping the idea.[17] The original climax was deemed too expensive by Universal executives and was simplified by keeping the plot within Hill Valley and incorporating the clocktower sequence. Spielberg used the omitted refrigerator and Nevada nuclear site elements in his 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.[18]
Casting[edit]
Eric Stoltz as originally cast for Marty McFly
Michael J. Fox as McFly in the finished film
Michael J. Fox was the first choice to play Marty McFly, but he was committed to the show Family Ties.[19] Family Ties producer Gary David Goldberg felt that Fox was essential to the show's success. With co-star Meredith Baxter on maternity leave, he refused to allow Fox time off to work on a film. Back to the Future was originally scheduled for a May 1985 release and it was late 1984 when it was learned that Fox would be unable to star in the film.[8] Zemeckis' next two choices were C. Thomas Howell and Eric Stoltz. Stoltz impressed the producers enough with his earlier portrayal of Roy L. Dennis in Mask (which had yet to be released) that they selected him to play Marty McFly.[6] Because of the difficult casting process, the start date was pushed back twice.[20]
Four weeks into filming, Zemeckis determined Stoltz had been miscast. Although he and Spielberg realized re-shooting the film would add $3 million to the $14 million budget, they decided to recast. Spielberg explained Zemeckis felt Stoltz was not comedic enough and gave a "terrifically dramatic performance". Gale further explained they felt Stoltz was simply acting out the role, whereas Fox himself had a personality like Marty McFly. He felt Stoltz was uncomfortable riding a skateboard, whereas Fox was not. Stoltz confessed to director Peter Bogdanovich during a phone call, two weeks into the shoot, that he was unsure of Zemeckis and Gale's direction, and concurred that he was wrong for the role.[8]
Fox's schedule was opened up in January 1985 when Baxter returned to Family Ties following her pregnancy. The Back to the Future crew met with Goldberg again, who made a deal that Fox's main priority would be Family Ties, and if a scheduling conflict arose, "we win". Fox loved the script and was impressed by Zemeckis and Gale's sensitivity in releasing Stoltz, because they nevertheless "spoke very highly of him".[8] Per Welinder and Bob Schmelzer assisted on the skateboarding scenes.[21] Fox found his portrayal of Marty McFly to be very personal. "All I did in high school was skateboard, chase girls and play in bands. I even dreamed of becoming a rock star."[19]
Christopher Lloyd was cast as Doc Brown after the first choice, John Lithgow, became unavailable.[8] Having worked with Lloyd on The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai (1984), producer Neil Canton suggested him for the part. Lloyd originally turned down the role, but changed his mind after reading the script and at the persistence of his wife. He improvised some of his scenes,[22] taking inspiration from Albert Einstein and conductor Leopold Stokowski.[23][24] Brown pronounces gigawatts as "jigawatts", which was the way a physicist said the word when he met with Zemeckis and Gale as they researched the script,[21][25] rather than with an initial hard "g", although both pronunciations are acceptable.[26][27] Doc Brown's notable hunch came about because at 6'1" Lloyd was considerably taller than Fox at 5'5", and they needed to look closer in height.[28]
Crispin Glover played George McFly. Zemeckis said Glover improvised much of George's nerdy mannerisms, such as his shaky hands. The director joked he was "endlessly throwing a net over Crispin because he was completely off about fifty percent of the time in his interpretation of the character".[8] Due to a contract disagreement, Glover was replaced by Jeffrey Weissman in Part II and Part III.[29]
Lea Thompson was cast as Lorraine McFly because she had acted opposite Stoltz in The Wild Life; the producers noticed her as they had watched the film while casting Stoltz.[30] Her prosthetic makeup for scenes at the beginning of the film, set in 1985, took three and a half hours to apply.[31]
Thomas F. Wilson was cast as Biff Tannen because the producers felt that the original choice, J. J. Cohen, wasn't physically imposing enough to bully Stoltz.[8] Cohen was recast as Skinhead, one of Biff's cohorts. Had Fox been cast from the beginning, Cohen probably would have won the part because he was sufficiently taller than Fox.[21]
Melora Hardin was originally cast in the role of Marty's girlfriend Jennifer, but was let go after Stoltz was dismissed, with the explanation that the actress was now too tall to be playing against Fox. Hardin was dismissed before she had a chance to shoot a single scene and was replaced with Claudia Wells.[32] Actress Jill Schoelen had also been considered to play Marty's girlfriend.[33]
Filming[edit]
Courthouse Square as it appeared in Back to the Future on Universal Studios backlot[34]
Following Stoltz's departure, Fox's schedule during weekdays consisted of filming Family Ties during the day, and Back to the Future from 6:30 pm to 2:30 am. He averaged five hours of sleep each night. During Fridays, he shot from 10 pm to 6 or 7 am, and then moved on to film exterior scenes throughout the weekend, as only then was he available during daytime hours. Fox found it exhausting, but "it was my dream to be in the film and television business, although I didn't know I'd be in them simultaneously. It was just this weird ride and I got on."[35] Zemeckis concurred, dubbing Back to the Future "the film that would not wrap". He recalled that because they shot night after night, he was always "half asleep" and the "fattest, most out-of-shape and sick I ever was".[8]
Lyon Estates set used in the film
The Hill Valley town square scenes were shot at Courthouse Square, located in the Universal Studios backlot (34°08′29″N 118°20′59″W / 34.141417°N 118.349771°W / 34.141417; -118.349771). Gale explained it would have been impossible to shoot on location "because no city is going to let a film crew remodel their town to look like it's in the 1950s." The filmmakers "decided to shoot all the 50s stuff first, and make the town look real beautiful and wonderful. Then we would just totally trash it down and make it all bleak and ugly for the 1980s scenes."[35] The interiors for Doc Brown's house were shot at the Robert R. Blacker House, while exteriors took place at Gamble House.[36] The exterior shots of the Twin Pines Mall, and later the Lone Pine Mall (from 1985) were shot at the Puente Hills Mall in City of Industry, California. The exterior shots and some interior scenes at Hill Valley High School were filmed at Whittier High School in Whittier, California. The Battle of the Bands tryout scene was filmed at the McCambridge Park Recreation Center in Burbank, and the "Enchantment Under the Sea" dance was filmed in the gymnasium at Hollywood United Methodist Church. The scenes outside of the Baines' house in 1955 were shot at Bushnell Avenue, South Pasadena, California.[37]
Filming wrapped after 100 days on April 20, 1985, and the film was delayed from May to August. But after a highly positive test screening ("I'd never seen a preview like that," said Frank Marshall, "the audience went up to the ceiling"), Sheinberg chose to move the release date to July 3. To make sure the film met this new date, two editors, Arthur Schmidt and Harry Keramidas, were assigned to the picture, while many sound editors worked 24-hour shifts on the film. Eight minutes were cut, including Marty watching his mom cheat during an exam, George getting stuck in a telephone booth before rescuing Lorraine, as well as much of Marty pretending to be Darth Vader. Zemeckis almost cut out the "Johnny B. Goode" sequence as he felt it did not advance the story, but the preview audience loved it, so it was kept. Industrial Light & Magic created the film's 32 effects shots, which did not satisfy Zemeckis and Gale until a week before the film's completion date.[8] The compositing involved for the film's time travel sequences, as well as for the lightning effects in the climactic clock tower scene, was handled by animation supervisor Wes Takahashi, who would also work on the subsequent two Back to the Future films with the rest of the ILM crew.[38]
Music[edit]
See also: Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack
Alan Silvestri collaborated with Zemeckis on Romancing the Stone, but Spielberg disliked that film's score. Zemeckis advised Silvestri to make his compositions grand and epic, despite the film's small scale, to impress Spielberg. Silvestri began recording the score two weeks before the first preview. He also suggested Huey Lewis and the News create the theme song. Their first attempt was rejected by Universal, before they recorded "The Power of Love".[35] The studio loved the final song, but were disappointed it did not feature the film's title, so they had to send memos to radio stations to always mention its association with Back to the Future.[8] In the end, the track "Back in Time" was featured in the film, playing during the scene when Marty wakes up after his return to 1985 and also during the end credits.[35]
Although it appears that Fox is actually playing a guitar, music supervisor Bones Howe hired Hollywood guitar coach and musician Paul Hanson to teach Fox to simulate playing all the parts so it would look realistic, including playing behind his head. Fox lip-synched "Johnny B. Goode" to vocals by Mark Campbell (of Jack Mack and the Heart Attack fame), with the guitar solo played by Tim May.[39]
The original 1985 soundtrack album only included two tracks culled from Silvestri's compositions for the film, both Huey Lewis tracks, the songs played in the film by the fictional band Marvin Berry and The Starlighters (and Marty McFly), one of the vintage 1950s songs in the movie, and two pop songs that are only very briefly heard in the background of the film[citation needed]. On November 24, 2009, an authorized, limited-edition two-CD set of the entire score was released by Intrada Records.[40]
Release[edit]
Back to the Future opened on July 3, 1985, on 1,200 screens in North America. Zemeckis was concerned the film would flop because Fox had to film a Family Ties special in London and was unable to promote the film. Gale was also dissatisfied with Universal Pictures' tagline "Are you telling me my mother's got the hots for me?".
When the film was released on VHS in 1986, Universal added a "To be continued..." graphic at the end to increase awareness of production on Part II. This caption is omitted on the film's DVD release in 2002[24] and on subsequent Blu-ray and DVD releases.
In October 2010, in commemoration for the film's 25th anniversary, Back to the Future was digitally restored and remastered for a theatrical re-release in the US, the UK and Italy.[41] The release also coincided with Universal Pictures Home Entertainment's Blu-ray Disc releases of the trilogy.[42][43]
On October 21, 2015,[44] the futuristic date depicted in Part II, the entire trilogy was re-released theatrically for one day in celebration of the film's 30th anniversary.[45]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Back to the Future spent 11 weeks at number one.[8] Gale recalled "Our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is indicative of great word of mouth. National Lampoon's European Vacation came out in August and it kicked us out of number one for one week and then we were back to number one."[12] The film went on to gross $210.61 million in North America and $173.2 million in foreign countries, accumulating a worldwide total of $383.87 million.[4] Back to the Future had the fourth-highest opening weekend of 1985 and was the top-grossing film of the year.[46] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 59 million tickets in the US.[47]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100, the film received an average score of 86/100, which indicates "universal acclaim", based on 12 reviews.[48] Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 96% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on 77 reviews, certifying it "Fresh", with an average rating of 8.7 out of 10 and the consensus: "Inventive, funny, and breathlessly constructed, Back to the Future is a rousing time-travel adventure with an unforgettable spirit."[49]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt Back to the Future had similar themes to the films of Frank Capra, especially It's a Wonderful Life. Ebert commented "[Producer] Steven Spielberg is emulating the great authentic past of Classical Hollywood cinema, who specialized in matching the right director (Robert Zemeckis) with the right project."[50] He gave the film 3 1/2 out of 4 stars. Janet Maslin of The New York Times believed the film had a balanced storyline: "It's a cinematic inventing of humor and whimsical tall tales for a long time to come."[51] Christopher Null, who first saw the film as a teenager, called it "a quintessential 1980s flick that combines science fiction, action, comedy, and romance all into a perfect little package that kids and adults will both devour."[52] Dave Kehr of Chicago Reader felt Gale and Zemeckis wrote a script that perfectly balanced science fiction, seriousness and humor.[53] Variety praised the performances, arguing Fox and Lloyd imbued Marty and Doc Brown's friendship with a quality reminiscent of King Arthur and Merlin.[54] BBC News lauded the intricacies of the "outstandingly executed" script, remarking that "nobody says anything that doesn't become important to the plot later."[55] Dennis Fischer of Cinefantastique gave the film four stars out of five, calling it an "instant classic".[56] Back to the Future appeared on Gene Siskel's top ten film list of 1985.[57]
Accolades[edit]
At the 58th Academy Awards, Back to the Future won for Best Sound Effects Editing, while Zemeckis and Gale were nominated for Best Original Screenplay, "The Power of Love" was nominated for Best Original Song, and Bill Varney, B. Tennyson Sebastian II, Robert Thirlwell and William B. Kaplan were nominated for Best Sound Mixing.[58] The film won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation[59] and the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. Michael J. Fox and the visual effects designers won categories at the Saturn Awards. Zemeckis, composer Alan Silvestri, the costume design and supporting actors Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover and Thomas F. Wilson were also nominated.[60] The film was nominated for numerous BAFTAs at the 39th British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film, original screenplay, visual effects, production design and editing.[61] At the 43rd Golden Globe Awards, Back to the Future was nominated for Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy), original song (for "The Power of Love"), Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Fox) and Best Screenplay for Zemeckis and Gale.[62]
Legacy[edit]
President Ronald Reagan, a fan of the film, referred to the film in his 1986 State of the Union Address when he said, "Never has there been a more exciting time to be alive, a time of rousing wonder and heroic achievement. As they said in the film Back to the Future, 'Where we're going, we don't need roads'."[63] When he first saw the joke about him being president, he ordered the projectionist of the theater to stop the reel, roll it back, and run it again.[6]
The film ranked number 28 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies.[64] In 2008, Back to the Future was voted the 23rd greatest film ever made by readers of Empire.[65] It was also placed on a similar list by The New York Times, a list of 1000 movies.[66] In January 2010, Total Film included the film on its list of The 100 Greatest Movies of All Time.[67] In 2007, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[68] In 2006, the original screenplay for Back to the Future was selected by the Writers Guild of America as the 56th best screenplay of all time.[69]
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed the AFI's 10 Top 10 – the best ten films in ten classic American film genres – after polling more than 1,500 people from the creative community. Back to the Future was acknowledged as the 10th best film in the science fiction genre.[70]
A musical theater production, also called Back to the Future, is in development for a debut in London's West End theatre during the film's 30th anniversary in 2015. Zemeckis and Gale reunited to write the play, while Silvestri and Glen Ballard provide music.[71]
The scenes of Marty McFly skateboarding in the film took place during the infancy of the skateboarding sub-culture and numerous skateboarders, as well as companies in the industry, pay tribute to the film for its influence in this regard. Examples can be seen in promotional material, in interviews in which professional skateboarders cite the film as an initiation into the action sport, and in the public's recognition of the film's influence.[72][73]
Back to the Future is ranked tenth on Film4's 50 Films to See Before You Die.[74]
Sequels[edit]
Back to the Future's success led to two film sequels: Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.
Part II was released on November 22, 1989, to similar financial and critical success as the original, finishing as the third highest-grossing film of the year worldwide.[75][76] The film continues directly from the ending of Back to the Future and follows Marty and Doc as they travel into the future of 2015, an alternative 1985, and 1955 where Marty must repair the future while avoiding his past self from the original film. Part II became notable for its 2015 setting and predictions of technology such as hoverboards.[77][78][79] Part III, released on May 25, 1990, continued the story, following Marty as he travels back to 1885 to rescue a time-stranded Doc.
Part III, however, was less financially successful than its predecessors despite being better received by critics than Part II.[80]
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Jump up ^ Mattise, Nathan (December 8, 2011). "Marty McFly's Original Girlfriend Goes Back to the Future". Wired. Retrieved December 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jill's Spielberg Memories". Fangoria. June 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rudolph, Christopher (November 12, 2013). "The Surprising History Of The 'Back To The Future' Clock Tower". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Michael J. Fox, Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale, Steven Spielberg, Alan Silvestri, The Making of Back to the Future (television special), 1985, NBC
Jump up ^ Klastornin, Hibbin (1990), pp. 41–50
Jump up ^ Back to the Future Trilogy DVD, Production Notes
Jump up ^ Failes, Ian (October 21, 2015). "The future is today: how ILM made time travel possible". FXGuide. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Music From The Motion Picture Soundtrack Back To The Future". discogs.com. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "FSM BBoard: New Intradata: Back to the Future". Film Score Message Board. September 23, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "'Back to the Future' 25 years later". The Independent. London. September 29, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Cericola, Rachel (June 29, 2010). "Back to the Future: 25th Anniversary Trilogy Coming to Blu-ray". Big Picture Big Sound. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Back to the Future' To Receive 25th Anniversary Theatrical Re-Release". Icon vs. Icon. September 28, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "These Chicago theaters are showing 'Back to the Future' trilogy on Wednesday". chicago.suntimes.com. October 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Martin Liebman. "Back to the Future Trilogy Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com.
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Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (July 3, 1985). "Back to the Future". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (July 3, 1985). "Back to the Future". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Null, Christopher. "Back to the Future". FilmCritic.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Kehr, Dave. "Back to the Future". Chicago Reader. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future". Variety. Reed Elsevier Inc. December 31, 1984. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Unknown (August 2007). "Back to the Future (1985)". BBC. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fischer, Dennis K. (October 1985). "Film Ratings". Cinefantastique. 15 (4): 44.
Jump up ^ The Inner Mind (May 3, 2012). "These ten best lists for movie critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert have been collected from various postings in the Usenet newsgroup rec.arts.movies". The Inner Mind. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
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Jump up ^ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards.org. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
Jump up ^ "President Ronald Reagan's Address Before a Joint Session of Congress on the State of the Union". C-SPAN. February 4, 1986. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
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Jump up ^ "101 Best Screenplays as Chosen by the Writers Guild of America, West". wga.org. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006. Retrieved August 24, 2006.
Jump up ^ "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future musical announced". bbc.co.uk/news. BBC News. January 31, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Michael Sieben; Stacey Lowery (June 23, 2012). "Welcome Back to the Future Of Radical". Roger Skateboards. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
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Jump up ^ Bricken, Rob (July 3, 2013). "20 Lies Back to the Future II Told Us (Besides the Hoverboard)". io9. Archived from the original on February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "We rode a $10,000 hoverboard, and you can too". Engadget. 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future Part III (1990)". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database.
Bibliography[edit]
Kagan, Norman (2003). "Back to the Future I (1985), II (1989), III (1990)". The Cinema of Robert Zemeckis. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-87833-293-6.
Klastornin, Michael; Hibbin, Sally (1990). Back to the Future: The Official Book to the Complete Movie Trilogy. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-57104-1.
Gale, Bob & Robert Zemeckis (1990). "Foreword". Back to the Future: The Official Book to the Complete Movie Trilogy. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-57104-1.
Joseph McBride (1997). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. New York: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.
Further reading[edit]
George Gipe. Back to the Future: A Novel. ISBN 978-0-425-08205-8.
Shail, Andrew; Stoate, Robin (2010). Back to the Future. BFI Film Classic. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-84457-293-9.
Ni Fhlainn, Sorcha (2010). The Worlds of Back to the Future: Critical Essays on the Films. McFarland Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-4400-7.
Ni Fhlainn, Sorcha (2015). "'There's Something Very Familiar About This': Time Machines, Cultural Tangents and Mastering Time in H.G. Wells' The Time Machine and the Back to the Future Trilogy". Adaptation. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/adaptation/apv028.
Rich Handley. A Matter of Time: The Unauthorized Back to the Future Lexicon. Hasslein Books. ISBN 978-0-578-11344-9.
Greg Mitchell & Rich Handley. Back in Time: The Unauthorized Back to the Future Chronology. Hasslein Books. ISBN 978-0-578-13085-9.
External links[edit]
Official website
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I Can Do Bad All by Myself (film)
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I Can Do Bad All By Myself
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Tyler Perry
Produced by
Tyler Perry
Reuben Can
Written by
Tyler Perry
Starring
Taraji P. Henson
Adam Rodriguez
Brian White
Mary J. Blige
Gladys Knight
Marvin Winans
Tyler Perry
Music by
Aaron Zigman
Cinematography
Alexander Gruszynski
Edited by
Maysie Hoy
Production
company
Tyler Perry Studios
Distributed by
Lionsgate
Release date
September 11, 2009 (2009-09-11)
Running time
113 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$19 million[1]
Box office
$51,733,921[2]
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself is a 2009 romantic musical comedy-drama film which was released on September 11, 2009. The film was directed, produced, and written by Tyler Perry,[3] who also makes an appearance in the film as his signature character Madea.[4] Although the film and play share the same title, the film is not an adaptation of Perry's play of the same name; the two works have different storylines.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Differences from the stage play
4 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Critical reaction
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The film opens with April (Taraji P. Henson), a self-centered, alcoholic singer, performing at a nightclub where she works. On the other side of town, Madea (Tyler Perry) and Joe Simmons (Perry) catch Jennifer (Hope Olaidè Wilson), Manny (Kwesi Boakye), and Byron (Freddy Siglar) breaking into their house. After hearing the children’s troubles, Madea welcomes and feeds them. Jennifer tells Madea that they’re living with their grandmother, whom they haven't seen in four days. They tell Madea that their only other relative is their Aunt April.
April shares her home with her shady boyfriend, Randy (Brian White), who’s married with children. The next morning, Madea brings the kids to April's house, but April doesn’t want to be bothered. Meanwhile, Pastor Brian (Marvin Winans) sends a Colombian immigrant named Sandino (Adam Rodríguez) to her house for work and a place to stay. April puts Sandino in her basement and wants to lock him down there because she doesn't know him that well. While working around the house, Sandino surprises April by cleaning himself up and becoming very handsome. When Randy arrives, he sees April with the kids and Sandino and heckles him while making subtle advances at Jennifer.
Shortly afterward, Pastor Brian and Wilma (Gladys Knight), a church member, come to inform April that her mother died from a fatal brain aneurysm while riding on a bus. April is devastated by the news and seeks comfort from Randy; however, he is sleeping and shrugs her off. Later, Sandino comforts April as she tells him about her mother's death and the last time she spoke with her.
Depressed, Jennifer goes to Madea wanting to know how to pray. However, Madea, inexperienced with prayer, attempts to instruct her in a scene that plays out comically. The same night, Wilma sings "The Need to Be", an uplifting song for women, and Tanya (Mary J. Blige), the nightclub bartender, sings "I Can Do Bad". Before singing the song, Tanya is fed up with April's attitude and tries to help her friend, despite the fact that she can't help April if she can’t help herself.
Over time, Sandino and April become friends, and Sandino fixes a ruined bedroom in her house. This makes Manny and Byron happy but not Jennifer, who feels April doesn't want them there. While on a date, Sandino tells April he doesn't understand why she is with Randy and asks if she loves Randy. He tells her what true love is to him. One Sunday morning, Sandino eagerly knocks on April's bedroom door to get April ready for church, but Randy threatens to kill Sandino if he continues to spend time with April.
Late one night, Manny needs his insulin shot, and Jennifer gets it for him in the kitchen. As Jennifer gets her brother's insulin, Randy approaches and attempts to rape her, but Sandino fights him off. April walks in on the fight and Randy claims Jennifer offered him sex for money. April claims to believe him and sends Randy to take a bath. When he is in the tub, April threatens to electrocute him with a plugged-in radio. Sandino arrives and tries to stop her, but April is enraged, as she explains that she was sexually assaulted by her step-father, who then lied about it to her mother, thus causing April to lose her faith in the people that cared about her. After saying Randy is no different from him, she drops the radio into the water, giving Randy a severe electric shock. Randy barely jumps out just in time and Sandino orders him to leave.
April goes to the bar for a drink and blames herself for not seeing the signs. Sandino tries to stop her from drinking, but she pushes him away. She then asks Sandino if he is a child molester, because of all the attention he gives the children. Sandino tells April of his childhood as a child laborer and explains that he loves the children so much because he sees himself in them. Feeling hurt at her unfair accusations, Sandino says farewell to the children and leaves.
Jennifer and April begin to get along and connect after April tells Jennifer about her bad experience as a child. Jennifer tells April that she should recognize Sandino as a good man. Eventually, Sandino returns and April apologizes to him and admits that she loves him like a friend. Sandino tells her that she can't love anyone until she learns to love herself. He tells April that he is in love with her but he wants April to love him back the same way he loves her. He shows her by kissing her.
Eventually, April and Sandino get married. April and Sandino then hold a block party for their reception with Tanya singing "Good Woman Down", dedicated to April, then the new couple is shown embracing and sharing a passionate kiss.
Cast[edit]
Taraji P. Henson as April
Adam Rodriguez as Sandino
Brian White as Randy
Mary J. Blige as Tanya
Gladys Knight as Wilma
Marvin Winans as Pastor Brian
Hope Olaidé Wilson as Jennifer
Kwesi Boakye as Manny
Freddy Siglar as Byron
Tyler Perry as Mabel "Madea" Simmons and Uncle Joe Simmons
Differences from the stage play[edit]
Tyler Perry's famous characters, Mr. Brown and Cora, had main roles in the stage play; they are absent in the film. In the film, several characters refer to Cora, but she is not seen; Mr. Brown is neither seen nor mentioned.
The original plot (in the stage play) focused on two sisters feuding because Maylee is engaged to her sister Vivanne's ex-husband, Anthony, and Anthony is holding her back from her parental responsibilities. In the film, April's sister is a drug addict and thief who neglected her children and is deceased. Her mother assumed custody of the children but has recently disappeared without explanation, and circumstances have forced April to reluctantly take her niece and nephews in.
The stage play characters Vivanne, Keisha, Bobby, Maylee, and Anthony do not exist in the film.
Music[edit]
The film features 13 songs,[5] including two new songs by Blige. Perry was not able to produce a soundtrack album for the film due to the various record companies involved.
"Good Woman Down" (Robert F. Aries, Blige, Sean Garrett, Freddie Jackson, Meli'sa Morgan) – Mary J. Blige
"I Can Do Bad" (Blige, Chuck Harmon, Shaffer Smith) – Mary J. Blige
"Playboy" (Michael Akinlabi, Tasha Schumann) – Candy Coated Killahz
"Contagious" ( Xavier Dphrepaulezz ) – Chocolate Butterfly
"H.D.Y." (Ronnie Garrett, Herman (Pnut) Johnson) – Club Indigo Band
"Indigo Blues" (Garrett, Johnson) – Club Indigo Band
"Lovers Heat" (Garrett, Johnson) – Club Indigo Band
"Tears of Pain" (Foster) – Ruthie Foster
"Rock Steady" (Aretha Franklin) – Taraji P. Henson
"The Need to Be" (Jim Weatherly) – Gladys Knight
"Just Don't Wanna Know/Over It Now" (Winans) – Gladys Knight and Marvin L. Winans
"Oh Lord I Want You to Help Me" (Traditional, arranged by Jerome Chambers & Edward O'Neal) – Cheryl Pepsii Riley & Marvin L. Winans
Reception[edit]
Critical reaction[edit]
The film has received mixed to generally positive reviews from critics, making it Perry's most acclaimed film to date.[6] Rotten Tomatoes reported that 63% of critics gave positive reviews based on 43 reviews with an average score of 5.9/10, giving it a "Fresh" rating, with the general consensus being though somewhat formulaic and predictable, Perry succeeds in mixing broad humor with sincere sentimentality to palatable effect.[7] By comparison, Metacritic gave the film a 55% approval rating of critics based on 13 reviews.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/I-Can-Do-Bad-All-By-Myself#tab=summary
Jump up ^ "I Can Do Bad All By Myself (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
Jump up ^ "I Can Do Bad All By Myself". Turner Classic Movies. Atlanta: Turner Broadcasting System (Time Warner). Retrieved October 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Perry, Tyler. "Meet the Browns starts March 21st". Archived from the original on March 4, 2011. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1385912/soundtrack
^ Jump up to: a b "I Can Do Bad All By Myself (2009): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
Jump up ^ "I Can Do Bad All By Myself Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. IGN Entertainment. Retrieved 2015-02-17.
External links[edit]
Official website
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself on IMDb
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself at AllMovie
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself at Box Office Mojo
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself at Rotten Tomatoes
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself at Metacritic
Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All by Myself at MovieSet
[hide]
v
t
e
Tyler Perry
Stage
I Know I've Been Changed
I Can Do Bad All by Myself
Diary of a Mad Black Woman
Madea's Family Reunion
Madea's Class Reunion
Why Did I Get Married?
Meet the Browns
Madea Goes to Jail
What's Done in the Dark
The Marriage Counselor
Laugh to Keep from Crying
Madea's Big Happy Family
A Madea Christmas
Aunt Bam's Place
I Don't Want to Do Wrong!
The Haves and the Have Nots
Madea Gets a Job
Hell Hath No Fury Like a Woman Scorned
Madea's Neighbors from Hell
Madea on the Run
Films
Madea series
Diary of a Mad Black Woman
Madea's Family Reunion
Meet the Browns
Madea Goes to Jail
I Can Do Bad All by Myself
Madea's Big Happy Family
Madea's Witness Protection
A Madea Christmas
Madea's Tough Love
Boo! A Madea Halloween
Boo 2! A Madea Halloween
Independent films
Daddy's Little Girls
Why Did I Get Married?
The Family That Preys
Why Did I Get Married Too?
For Colored Girls
Good Deeds
Peeples
Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor
The Single Moms Club
Acrimony
Television
House of Payne
Meet the Browns
For Better or Worse
The Haves and the Have Nots
Love Thy Neighbor
If Loving You Is Wrong
Too Close to Home
Books
Don't Make a Black Woman Take Off Her Earrings
See also
Madea
Tyler Perry Studios
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Can_Do_Bad_All_by_Myself_(film)&oldid=806164442"
Categories:
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2000s romantic musical films
2000s romantic comedy films
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Films directed by Tyler Perry
African-American musical films
Films based on plays
Lions Gate Entertainment films
Films shot in Atlanta
Screenplays by Tyler Perry
Films about interracial romance
African-American films
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