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Pacific Crest Trail
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Pacific Crest Trail
The Pacific Crest Trail in the Ansel Adams Wilderness, with a view of the Ritter Range
Length
2,659 mi (4,279 km)[1]
Location
California / Oregon / Washington, USA / British Columbia, Canada
Designation
National Scenic Trail
Trailheads
Campo, California
Manning Park, British Columbia
Use
Hiking
Horse riding
Elevation
Elevation change
420,880 ft (128,284 m)[2]
Highest point
Forester Pass, 13,153 ft (4,009 m)[3]
Lowest point
Cascade Locks, 140 ft (43 m)[4]
Hiking details
Months
Late April to Late September
Sights
Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
Cascade Range
Hazards
Severe Weather
Dehydration
Wildlife
The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie 100 to 150 miles (160 to 240 km) east of the U.S. Pacific coast. The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.
The Pacific Crest Trail is 2,659 mi (4,279 km) long[1] and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to 13,153 feet (4,009 m)[3] at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada. The route passes through 25 national forests and 7 national parks.[7] Its midpoint is near Chester, California (near Mt. Lassen), where the Sierra and Cascade mountain ranges meet.[8]
It was designated a National Scenic Trail in 1968, although it was not officially completed until 1993.[9] The PCT was conceived by Clinton Churchill Clarke in 1932.[10] It received official status under the National Trails System Act of 1968.
It is the westernmost and second longest component of the Triple Crown of Hiking and is part of the 6,875-mile Great Western Loop.
Contents
[hide]
1 Route
2 History
3 Thru hiking
4 Notable hikers
4.1 Deaths
4.2 Marriages
5 Equestrian use
6 Future
7 Notable locations
7.1 California
7.2 Oregon
7.3 Washington
7.4 British Columbia, Canada
8 Location coordinates
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Route[edit]
The route is mostly through National Forest and protected wilderness. The trail avoids civilization and covers scenic and pristine mountainous terrain with few roads. It passes through the Laguna, Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, Liebre, Tehachapi, Sierra Nevada, and Klamath ranges in California, and the Cascade Range in California, Oregon, and Washington.
PCT overview from Forest Service brochure
A parallel route for bicycles, the Pacific Crest Bicycle Trail (PCBT) is a 2,500-mile (4,000 km) route designed closely parallel to the PCT on roads. The PCT and PCBT cross in about 27 places along their routes.
History[edit]
The Pacific Crest Trail was first proposed by Clinton C. Clarke, as a trail running from Mexico to Canada along the crest of the mountains in California, Oregon, and Washington. The original proposal was to link the John Muir Trail, the Tahoe-Yosemite Trail (both in California), the Skyline Trail (in Oregon) and the Cascade Crest Trail (in Washington).[9]
The Pacific Crest Trail System Conference was formed by Clarke to both plan the trail and to lobby the federal government to protect the trail. The conference was founded by Clarke, the Boy Scouts, the YMCA, and Ansel Adams (amongst others). From 1935 through 1938, YMCA groups explored the 2000 miles of potential trail and planned a route, which has been closely followed by the modern PCT route.[9]
In 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson defined the PCT and the Appalachian Trail with the National Trails System Act. The PCT was then constructed through cooperation between the federal government and volunteers organized by the Pacific Crest Trail Association. In 1993, the PCT was officially declared finished.[9]
Thru hiking[edit]
Main article: Thru-hiking
Thru hiking is a term used in referring to hikers who complete long-distance trails from end to end in a single trip. The Pacific Crest Trail, Appalachian Trail, and Continental Divide Trail were the first three long-distance trails in the U.S.. Successfully thru-hiking all of these three trails is known as the Triple Crown of Hiking.[11] Thru-hiking is a long commitment, usually taking between four and six months, that requires thorough preparation and dedication. The Pacific Crest Trail Association estimates that it takes most hikers between six and eight months to plan their trip.[12]
While most hikers travel from the Southern Terminus at the Mexico–US border northward to Manning Park, British Columbia, some hikers prefer a southbound route. In a normal weather year, northbound hikes are most practical due to snow and temperature considerations. Additionally, some hiker services are seasonal and may be better timed for northbound hikers. [13] If snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is high in early June and low in the Northern Cascades, some hikers may choose to 'flip-flop.' Flip-flopping can take many forms but often describes a process whereby a hiker begins at one end (on the PCT, usually the southern end) of the trail and then, at some point, like reaching the Sierra, 'flips' to the end of the trail at the Canada–US border and hikes southbound to complete the trail. However, it is not currently possible to legally enter the United States from Canada by using the Pacific Crest Trail.[14]
Hikers also have to determine their resupply points. Resupply points are towns or post offices where hikers replenish food and other supplies such as cooking fuel. Hikers can ship packages to themselves at the U.S. Post Offices along the trail, resupply at general and grocery stores along the trail, or any combination of the two.[15] The final major logistical step is to create an approximate schedule for completion. Thru hikers have to make sure they complete enough miles every day to reach the opposite end of the trail before weather conditions make sections impassable. For northbound thru-hikers, deep snow pack in the Sierra Nevada can prevent an early start. The timing is a balance between not getting to the Sierra too soon nor the Northern Cascades too late. Most hikers cover about 20 miles (32 km) per day.[12]
In order to reduce their hiking time and thereby increase their chances of completing the trail, many hikers try to substantially reduce their pack weight. Since the creation of the Pacific Crest Trail there has been a large movement by hikers to get away from large heavy packs with a lot of gear. There are three general classifications for hikers: Traditional, Lightweight, and Ultralight.[16] [17] Over the past few years[when?] the number of traditional hikers has dropped considerably.
Notable hikers[edit]
Before the PCT was planned, Martin Papendick was the first known person to hike across three states of the PCT in 1952.[18] After being one of the first to finish the Appalachian trail in 1951, Papendick hiked between July 4 and December 1, 1952, from British Columbia to the Mexico–US border over the crests of the mountains along the Pacific Coast, a feat he reported in a periodical under the title "Pacific Crest Trails".[19]
On October 16, 1970, Eric Ryback, an 18-year-old student, completed the first PCT thru-hike. His personal congratulations came by telegram from no less than Edward P. Cliff, Chief of the U.S. Forest Service.[20] Ryback is credited, recognized, and has been honored by the Pacific Crest Trail Associated as the official first thru-hiker of the entire trail.[21] Ryback completed the Appalachian Trail in 1969 (as a 16-year-old); the Pacific Crest Trail in 1970; and a route approximating today’s Continental Divide Trail in 1972.[22] Ryback's 1971 book The High Adventure of Eric Ryback: Canada to Mexico on Foot focused public attention on the PCT. Ryback carried an 80-pound pack on his 1970 thru-hike. He had only five resupply packages on the entire trip and was loaded with 40 pounds of food at the start of each leg. He often ran out of food and foraged or went hungry.[21] Ryback also helped the Forest Service lay out future plans for the PCT.[23]
However, Ryback's claim is disputed. When the guidebook publisher, Wilderness Press, stated in print that Ryback had used motor transport in places along the PCT, Ryback sued for $3 million but withdrew the suit after Wilderness Press revealed statements from the people who claim to have picked up the young hiker along highways parallel to the 2,600-mile trail.[24] Ryback is in Smithsonian's top 9 list of people Cheating Their Way to Fame though it notes that The claims that Ryback “cheated” are still doubted by some.[25]
The first person to hike the PCT from south to north[citation needed] was Richard Watson, who completed the trail on September 1, 1972.[18] Watson was often credited as the first PCT thru-hiker, because Papendick was generally unknown and Ryback may have accepted rides.[18] The first woman to complete the PCT was Mary Carstens, who finished the journey later in 1972, accompanied by Jeff Smukler.[18]
The first person to thru-hike the entire PCT both ways in a single continuous round-trip was Scott Williamson, who completed the "yo-yo" circuit on his fourth attempt in November 2004. Williamson traveled a total of 5,300 miles (8,530 km) in 197 days, covering an average of 35 to 40 miles (56 to 64 km) per day when not in snow – an overall average of 27 miles (43 km) per day – wearing an extremely ultra-lightweight pack, which "without food, weighed about 8.5 pounds (3.9 kg)".[26] Williamson then went on to complete a second round trip on November 28, 2006, cutting two weeks off his 2004 time.[27]
The youngest person to hike the trail is Christian Thomas Geiger, who at the age of 6 completed the 2,686 mile trail with his parents Andrea Rego and Dion Pagonis. [28] Christian, also known by his trail name Buddy Backpacker, is also the youngest person to hike the Appalachian Trail [29] [30]
Other notable young hikers include Sierra Burror and Reed Gjonnes. Sierra Burror, who completed a continuous thru-hike of the trail in 2012 at the age of 9, is the youngest girl to thru-hike the trail. She completed her hike with her mother, Heather Burror.[31][32][33][34] Reed Gjonnes, who thru-hiked the trail in 2011 at age 11, went on to complete the Triple Crown of Hiking, becoming the youngest person ever to do so.[35]
Teddi Boston hiked from Canada to Mexico on the PCT in 1976 at age of 49. She was one of the first women to ever hike the trail alone.[36]
An autobiographical account of a woman hiking a portion of the PCT alone in 1995 at age 26 was written by Cheryl Strayed. Her memoir Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail was published in 2012 and reached #1 on the New York Times Best Sellers list.[37] Her hike is the subject of the 2014 film Wild, starring Reese Witherspoon.
The oldest person to thru-hike the trail is not known.[38]
On August 7, 2013, Heather "Anish" Anderson of Bellingham, Washington, set the current unsupported speed record. She completed the entire PCT in 60 days, 17 hours, 12 minutes,[39] beating the previous record by almost 4 days.[40]
In 2014, Olive McGloin (from Ireland) became the first woman to thru-hike the PCT both ways in a single continuous round-trip.[41]
On August 10, 2014, Joseph McConaughy of Shoreline, Washington, and a former Boston College middle distance runner, set a new supported speed record and the overall fastest time for the PCT. The distance was covered in 53 days, 6 hours, and 37 minutes.[42][43][44] This overcame the previous record of 59 days, 8 hours, 14 minutes,[40][45][46][47] set by Josh Garret on August 8, 2013, by more than 6 days. Joe was supported by a team of three hikers, Jordan Hamm (a former Boston College distance runner), Michael Dillon, and Jack Murphy.
McConaughy's record was broken on August 14, 2016 by Karel Sabbe, a 27-year-old dentist from Ghent, Belgium. He covered the distance in a total time of 52 days, 8 hours, and 25 minutes, shaving almost a day off the previous record.[48] Sabbe was supported by his friend Joren Biebuyck. There has been some debate about the validity of Sabbe's attempt, because of multiple deviations from the trail caused by bushfires.[49]
Deaths[edit]
The first two reported deaths were in November 1995, when thru-hikers Jane and Flicka Rodman were killed during a detour down California State Route 138 in Southern California, when they were struck by a motorist who lost control of his vehicle. They were less than 400 miles from their goal of reaching the Mexico–US border.[50][51]
In May 2005, John Donovan died just five days shy of his 60th birthday after becoming lost on San Jacinto Peak in an unseasonal snowstorm. His body was not recovered until more than a year later. The cause of death is unknown, but hypothermia is suspected.[52]
Wendell Ray Echols (“No Way Ray”) of Mariposa, California died on May 15, 2006, near Deep Creek Hot Springs in a remote part of the San Bernardino National Forest. Ray was hiking with his wife, Alice Tulloc, when he lost his footing and fell approximately 200 feet to his death. Alice was hiking roughly 20 yards behind him when he went around a corner and disappeared. Another group of hikers heard Alice’s cries for help and were able to use a satellite phone to call for assistance. Ray was pronounced dead at the scene.[53]
At the age of 19, Timothy Evan Nodal died on April 24, 2014, of heat stroke near Lake Morena. Timothy began to feel sick and phoned his stepfather for help. When firefighters arrived, they were going over his symptoms when he suddenly went into arrest. Emergency personnel were unable to revive him. There was no evidence of dehydration or alcohol or substance abuse, according to the coroner's report.[54]
In July 2017, the body of a 32-year-old female hiker from Japan first discovered submerged in the Kings River has been recovered and identified as Rika Morita. She was hiking along the Pacific Crest Trail that passes through the Sierra Nevada, park officials said, before her body was found submerged in the South Fork of the Kings River on Sunday. [1]
Marriages[edit]
The chances of meeting your spouse on a backpacking trip seem very low but this has happened [55][56]several times on the Pacific Crest Trail.
Equestrian use[edit]
Don and June Mulford made the first verifiable equestrian Thru-Ride of the PCT in 1959.[57][58][59] In that year the Pacific Crest Trail stretched a poorly marked 2,400 miles from Mexico to Canada. More concept than footpath, the trail was an oft-broken, high-ridge track disappearing regularly from map and terrain. On April 19, 1959, on an empty scrub sage plain seven miles east of Tijuana, with four horses, Don and June Mulford began their journey north to the Washington–Canada border. The Mulfords went to Hollywood for three months immediately after the ride and were featured on network television. June's old press book yields a half-dozen TV-Guide pages, and she recalls, "Art Linkletter was such a nice man. We appeared on his 'House Party' show and he had coffee with us afterward." "High Road to Danger," a syndicated TV show, made an episode on their ride. Even after they had returned home to the Northwest, there was continued TV coverage. A January 1961 TV Guide records their appearance on Portland's KOIN Red Dunning Show. The Mulfords even made a 90-minute movie and showed it around 12 western states for 10 years.
The Murray family – Barry, Bernice, Barry Jr. and Bennette – completed the trek on horseback on October 7, 1970.[60]
Future[edit]
In 2008, an agreement for realignment through Tejon Ranch was reached.[61]
Portland, Oregon's 40 Mile Loop proposes to extend the Springwater Corridor hiking and bicycling spur trail to connect the Pacific Crest Trail[62] with the proposed Cazadero Trail.[63]
Notable locations[edit]
The following notable locations are found along or adjacent to the route of the Pacific Crest Trail. They are listed from south to north to correspond with the itinerary typically followed by thru-hikers to take advantage of the best seasonal weather conditions. The numbers in parentheses correspond to the numbers on the PCT overview map above.
California[edit]
Vasquez Rocks
Golden Trout Wilderness
Sequoia National Park
John Muir Wilderness
Ansel Adams Wilderness
Devils Postpile National Monument
Lassen Volcanic National Park
Klamath Mountains, Russian Wilderness
Campo, California, near the trail's southern terminus at the Mexico–United States border
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (41)
Cleveland National Forest (40)
Mount San Jacinto State Park
Big Bear Lake
Cajon Pass
Angeles National Forest (35)
Vasquez Rocks
Agua Dulce
Tehachapi Pass
Walker Pass
Owens Peak Wilderness (34)
South Sierra Wilderness (34)
Golden Trout Wilderness (34)
Kings Canyon National Park (33)
Forester Pass, highest point on the trail
John Muir Wilderness (31)
Ansel Adams Wilderness (30)
Devils Postpile National Monument
Yosemite National Park (29)
Tuolumne Meadows
Sonora Pass, Ebbetts Pass, Carson Pass
Desolation Wilderness
Lassen National Forest (22)
Lassen Volcanic National Park (23)
McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park (21)
Shasta-Trinity National Forest (19)
Castle Crags Wilderness (20)
Klamath Mountains
Trinity Alps Wilderness
Russian Wilderness
Marble Mountain Wilderness
Oregon[edit]
Crater Lake National Park
Mount Jefferson and Mount Jefferson Wilderness
Three Sisters
Santiam Pass
Mount Hood Wilderness
Bridge of the Gods
Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument (17)
Rogue River National Forest (16) and Winema National Forest (14)
Sky Lakes Wilderness
Crater Lake National Park (15)
Crater Lake
Umpqua National Forest (13)
Mount Thielsen
Willamette National Forest (11) and Deschutes National Forest (12)
Diamond Peak Wilderness
Waldo Lake
Three Sisters Wilderness
Dee Wright Observatory and McKenzie Pass (water supply 250 m west of the observatory)
Mount Washington Wilderness
Mount Jefferson Wilderness
Mount Hood National Forest (9)
Olallie Scenic Area
Warm Springs Indian Reservation (10)
Timberline Lodge
Mount Hood Wilderness
Lolo Pass
Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area (8)
Mark O. Hatfield Wilderness (formerly the Columbia Wilderness)
Cascade Locks, Oregon, lowest point on the trail
Bridge of the Gods (links Oregon and Washington, crossing the Columbia River)
Washington[edit]
Mount Adams
Mount Daniel in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness
Adams Glacier viewed from the PCT on Mount Adams
Glacier Peak Wilderness
Cascade Pass in the North Cascades National Park
Old Snowy in the Goat Rocks Wilderness, north of Mount Adams
Gifford Pinchot National Forest (7)
Indian Heaven Wilderness
Mount Adams Wilderness
Mount Adams
Goat Rocks Wilderness
Old Snowy Mountain
White Pass
Mount Rainier National Park (6)
Chinook Pass
Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (5)
Norse Peak Wilderness
Alpine Lakes Wilderness
Kendall Katwalk
Henry M. Jackson Wilderness
Glacier Peak Wilderness
Glacier Peak
Snoqualmie Pass
Stevens Pass
Lake Chelan National Recreation Area
Stehekin, Washington, last town along the trail, 10 miles (16 km) from PCT by NPS bus
North Cascades National Park (2)
Okanogan National Forest (3)
Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail
Boundary Monument 78, at the Canada–United States border
British Columbia, Canada[edit]
E. C. Manning Provincial Park, the northern terminus of the trail (1)
Location coordinates[edit]
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Pacific Crest Trail logo
Point
Coordinates
(links to map & photo sources)
Notes
United States – Mexico border 32°35′23″N 116°28′07″W / 32.5898°N 116.4685°W / 32.5898; -116.4685 (United States – Mexico border)
Forester Pass 36°41′39″N 118°22′19″W / 36.6941°N 118.3720°W / 36.6941; -118.3720 (Forester Pass) highest point
Midpoint 40°12′48″N 121°21′17″W / 40.2132°N 121.3546°W / 40.2132; -121.3546 (Midpoint)
Oregon – California border 42°00′14″N 122°54′36″W / 42.0038°N 122.9100°W / 42.0038; -122.9100 (Oregon – California border)
Columbia River 45°39′45″N 121°53′58″W / 45.6624°N 121.8994°W / 45.6624; -121.8994 (Columbia River) lowest point
Canada – United States border 49°00′00″N 120°47′55″W / 49.0000°N 120.7987°W / 49.0000; -120.7987 (Canada – United States border)

Coordinates: 40°12′48″N 121°21′17″W / 40.2132°N 121.3546°W / 40.2132; -121.3546
See also[edit]
Other Triple Crown trails
Appalachian Trail
Continental Divide Trail
Connected National Scenic Trail
Pacific Northwest Trail
Connected National Historic Trails
California Trail
Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail
Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
Old Spanish Trail
Oregon Trail
Pony Express National Historic Trail
Connected U.S. long-distance trails
High Sierra Trail
John Muir Trail
Mark O. Hatfield Memorial Trail
Oregon Skyline Trail
Tahoe-Yosemite Trail
Tahoe Rim Trail
Timberline Trail
Long-distance routes
Sierra High Route
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Halfmile's Pacific Crest Trail Notes - Ashland, OR to Manning Park, BC (PDF), retrieved 2016-03-05
Jump up ^ Parks, Scott (2011-04-06). "Postholer.com Pacific Crest Trail Data Book". Retrieved 2011-04-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Sources disagree on Forester Pass's elevation. The Forest Service claims 13,180 feet (4,017 m)[5] while the USGS says 13,153 feet (4,009 m),[6] but topographic maps showing 36°41′39″N 118°22′19″W / 36.6941°N 118.3720°W / 36.6941; -118.3720 indicate a little less than 13,123 feet (4,000 m).
Jump up ^ "Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail". USFS. Archived from the original on 2010-01-16.
Jump up ^ "Pacific Crest Trail – Central California Online Map and Guide". USFS. 2005-04-26. Archived from the original on 2006-05-25. Retrieved 2006-09-23.
Jump up ^ "Forester Pass". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Jump up ^ "Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail." Parks Directory of the United States. 2004 ed.
Jump up ^ Backpacker Magazine. "Pacific Crest Trail: CA Section 31". Trimble Outdoors.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "History of the Pacific Crest Trail". Archived from the original on 2010-01-22. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
Jump up ^ Gally, Sid. "The Pacific Crest Trail had its roots in Pasadena". Pasadena Star News.
Jump up ^ Berger, Karen (2001). Hiking the Triple Crown: How to Hike America's Longest Trails : Appalachian Trail, Pacific Crest Trail, Continental Divide Trail. Seattle: Mountaineers Press. ISBN 0-89886-760-6.
^ Jump up to: a b "FAQs". Pacific Crest Trail Association. Archived from the original on 2011-12-25. Retrieved 2006-12-19.
Jump up ^ Mitchell, Jackie. (2017) Yogi's Pacific Crest Trail Handbook 2017-2018
Jump up ^ Wilson, Kimberly (2010-07-02). "Mind the border: Feds warn Pacific Crest Trail hikers crossing from Canada to U.S.". The Oregonian.
Jump up ^ "Pacific Crest Trail Resupply Points". PlanYourHike.com. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
Jump up ^ Jardine, Ray (2000). Beyond Backpacking: Ray Jardine's Guide to Lightweight Hiking. LaPine, OR: AventureLore. ISBN 0-9632359-3-1.
Jump up ^ "Ultralight Backpacking: Have You Considered It?". hikingspree.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schifrin, Ben; Schaffer, Jeffrey P; Jenkins, Ruby Johnson (2003). The Pacific Crest Trail: Southern California. Wilderness Press. p. 5. ISBN 0-89997-316-7.
Jump up ^ Papendick, Martin. "Pacific Crest Trails". Appalachia. Appalachian Mountain Club, 1953. XXVIII: 374–376.
Jump up ^ "Ryback Returns" (PDF). Pcta.org. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fun Facts". Pacific Crest Trail Association. Archived from the original on 2012-08-28. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Medals for Miles" (PDF). Pcta.org. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Muir Trail Story". Mchalepacks.com. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Dropping the suit is not necessarily a confession of cheating but could have been motivated by the difficulty of litigating the case, unavailability of witnesses, and the misplacement of journals, photos, and other evidence after many years.
Jump up ^ Alastair Bland (April 17, 2013). "Cheating Their Way to Fame". smithsonian.com. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hiker Completes First Round-Trip of Pacific Crest Trail". Outside Magazine. November 18, 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-12-04. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
Jump up ^ "A solo accomplishment is appreciated by many". San Diego Union-Tribune. 2006-12-02. Retrieved 2006-12-02.
Jump up ^ http://www.buddybackpacker.com/buddy-backpacker-pacific-crest-trail-thru-hiker/
Jump up ^ http://appalachiantrials.com/buddy-backpacker-5-year-old-thru-hiker/
Jump up ^ http://www.backpacker.com/special-features/kindergarten-can-wait/
Jump up ^ "Nine-year-old Monkey completes the PCT". Pacific Crest Trail Association. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "An Interview with "Monkey"". Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Burror, Heather (March 29 & 30, 2014) "Adventures on the Pacific Crest Trail" Inyo Register p. 15.
Jump up ^ See also Heather and Sierra's PCT Thru Hike Journal
Jump up ^ Zach Urness, (Salem, Ore.) Statesman Journal (27 October 2013). "Ore. girl, 13, youngest to claim hiking 'Triple Crown'". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 13 January 2015. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Martinez, A., KPCC Take Two (3 August 2015). "Teddi Boston recalls historic solo walk on the Pacific Crest Trail". scpr.org. Retrieved 22 June 2017. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Taylor, Ihsan. "Best Sellers - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
Jump up ^ "Interview with John Craig". RadioNZ. In this interview, John was stated as being the oldest person to walk the trail but this was as a result of miscommunication. In 2010, White Beard walked the trail at 70 but he may not be the oldest.
Jump up ^ Doug Williams, Records set on Pacific Crest Trail, at ESPN Enduracne Sports, September 3, 2013
^ Jump up to: a b "Pacific Crest Trail (CA, OR, WA)". Fastest Known Time. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "A walk on the wild side: meet the first woman to YoYo the Pacific Crest Trail". Irish Times.
Jump up ^ "Seattle Runner Smashes Speed Record For Full Length of Pacific Crest Trail". Northwest Public Radio.
Jump up ^ "55 miles a day: Blistering pace for hiker seeking Pacific Crest record". The Seattle Times.
Jump up ^ "Run For Colin". Runforcolin.com. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "PCT speed record is shattered twice". Pacific Crest Trail Association. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Vegan Hiker Sets New Record On Pacific Crest Trail". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Man, woman set records on Pacific Crest Trail". Seattle Times. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ http://appalachiantrials.com/karel-sabbe-claims-new-supported-pct-speed-record/
Jump up ^ https://trailrunnermag.com/component/content/article/2257-karel-sabbe-pacific-crest-trail-fkt-debate
Jump up ^ "Jane and Flicka Rodman", Pacific Crest Trail Association', Retrieved 2015-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Sierra hikers remembered in trek by family, friends". The Las Vegas Sun. Aug 18, 1997. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Donahue, Bill. "Lost & Found". Backpacker.com. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ray Echols". Pacific Crest Trail Association. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Stickney, R. (Jul 28, 2014). "Death of Teenager Along Pacific Crest Trail Ruled an Accident". NBC San Diego. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.uniondemocrat.com/csp/mediapool/sites/UnionDemocrat/LocalNews/story.csp?cid=3808903&sid=753&fid=151
Jump up ^ https://www.pcta.org/2015/real-valentines-day-love-stories-pacific-crest-trail-27437/
Jump up ^ Meadows, Mel (1959-09-06). Seattle Post Intelligencer. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Mann, Barney (2009-09-25). Portland Oregonian. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Mann, Barney (December 2009). PCTA Communicator. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Life Magazine, September 3, 1971
Jump up ^ "PCT alignment through Tejon Ranch a big step closer - Pacific Crest Trail Association". 2014-05-07. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
Jump up ^ "40 Mile Loop map". 40-Mile Loop Land Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-04-27. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
Jump up ^ "Cazadero Trail". Metro (Oregon). Retrieved August 16, 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pacific Crest Trail.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pacific Crest Trail.
Pacific Crest Trail Association – Non-profit that maintains and promotes the trail, and provides advice to hikers
Postholer.Com – An extensive source of PCT information, journals, Google trail maps, printed maps, data book and more.
PlanYourHike.Com – A website dedicated to helping hikers plan their Pacific Crest Trail thru hikes.
Trailjournals.com – PCT Photos & 1,000+ Pacific Crest Trail Journals
Pacific Crest Trail: A Ride to Remember Documentary produced by Oregon Public Broadcasting
Islands In The Sky: Tales From The Pacific Crest Trail – KCET Covers the PCT
BLM, Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail – BLM's Summary of the PCT
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Triple Crown of Hiking
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List of universities in South Africa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Location of South Africa
This is a list of universities in South Africa. For the purposes of this list, colleges and universities are defined as accredited, degree-granting, post-secondary institutions. In 2004 South Africa started reforming its higher education system,[1] merging and incorporating small universities into larger institutions, and renaming all higher education institutions "university" (previously there had been several types of higher education institution). The country's universities and "technikons" which were incorporated with others and thus no longer exist are listed at the end of the article.
There are also a large number of other educational institutions in South Africa - some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for students who write their exams at the distance-education University of South Africa and some offer unaccredited or non-accredited diplomas. Universities and colleges are accredited by the Council on Higher Education.
Two new universities launched in 2013,[2] Sol Plaatje University and the University of Mpumalanga. They are tentatively classified in the universities of technology category, pending clarification of their programs.
Contents
[hide]
1 Public universities
1.1 Traditional universities
1.2 Comprehensive universities
1.3 Universities of technology
2 Private universities and colleges
2.1 Theological seminaries
3 University rankings
4 University research collaboratives
5 Defunct institutions
6 See also
7 References
Public universities[edit]
Public universities in South Africa are divided into three types: traditional universities, which offer theoretically-oriented university degrees; universities of technology ("technikons"), which offer vocational oriented diplomas and degrees; and comprehensive universities, which offer a combination of both types of qualification.[3][4]
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
University of Cape Town
University of Fort Hare
University of Johannesburg
University of KwaZulu-Natal
North-West University
University of Pretoria
Rhodes University
University of South Africa (Unisa)
Stellenbosch University
Tshwane University of Technology
University of Venda
University of the Western Cape
University of the Witwatersrand
Traditional universities[edit]
Institution
Nickname
Founded
University status
Undergrad
Postgrad
Total (2011)
Location(s)
Medium
University of Cape Town Ikeys / UCT 1 October 1829[5] 2 April 1918[5] 18,421 10,653 29,074 Cape Town Eng
University of Fort Hare UFH 1916[6] 9,074 2,000 11,074 Alice, East London, Bhisho Eng
University of the Free State Kovsies / UFS 28 January 1904[7] 1950[8] 21,193 5,082 26,275[9] Bloemfontein, QwaQwa Eng Afr
University of KwaZulu-Natal UKZN / Natal 1 January 20041[10] 1 January 2004[10] 24,897 3,807 37,850 Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Westville Eng
University of Limpopo Turfloop 1 January 20051[11] 1 January 2005[11] 17,273 3,327 20,600 Polokwane, Turfloop Eng
North-West University NWU / Pukke / Potch 1 January 20041[12] 1 January 2004[12] 43,596 3,235 44,008 Mafikeng, Mankwe, Potchefstroom, Vanderbijlpark Eng Afr Setswana
University of Pretoria Tuks / Tukkies / UP[13] 4 March 1908[14] 10 October 1930[15] 28,450[16] 10,484[16] 38,934 Pretoria, Johannesburg2[17] Eng Afr
Rhodes University Rhodes / RU 31 May 1904[18] 10 March 1951 5,456 1,127 6,700 Grahamstown Eng
Sefako Makgatho University3 SMU 16 May 2014[19] 16 May 2014 Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria Eng
University of Stellenbosch Maties, Stellies 1866[20] 2 April 1918[20] 17,970 [21] 9,853 27,823 Stellenbosch, Saldanha Bay, Bellville, Tygerberg Eng Afr
University of the Western Cape UWC / Bush / U Dubs 1959[22] 1970[22] 11,836 3,390 15,226 Bellville (Cape Town) Eng
University of the Witwatersrand Wits, Witsies 1896[23] 1922[23] 18,911 9,023 27,934 Johannesburg Eng
Note1: By merger of existing institutions
Note2: The university's business school the Gordon Institute of Business Science has a campus in Illovo and an inner city campus on Pritchard Street, in downtown Johannesburg.
Note3: Split out from the University of Limpopo into which Medical University of South Africa had previously merged.
Comprehensive universities[edit]
Institution
Nickname
Founded
Undergrad
Postgrad
Total
Location(s)
Medium
University of Johannesburg UJ 1 January 20051 (1967 as RAU, Technikon Witwatersrand and the East Rand campus of Vista University) 48,000 Johannesburg, Soweto Eng
Nelson Mandela University Madibaz / NMMU 1 January 20052 (1964 as UPE) 19,768 2,884 22,652 Port Elizabeth, George Eng
University of South Africa Unisa 1873 (UCGH) 300,000 Distance education, headquartered in Pretoria, campuses and regional offices nationwide Eng
University of Venda Univen 1982 10,968 Thohoyandou Eng
Walter Sisulu University WSU 1977 (Unitra) East London, Butterworth, Mthatha, Queenstown Eng
University of Zululand UniZulu 1960 6,456 369 6,825 Empangeni Eng
Note1: By merger of existing institutions
Note2: By merger of existing institutions
Universities of technology[edit]
Institution
Nickname
Founded
University status
Undergrad
Postgrad
Total (2011)
Location(s)
Medium
Cape Peninsula University of Technology CPUT 20051 2005 32,000 Bellville, Cape Town Eng
Central University of Technology CUT 1981 9,933 Bloemfontein, Welkom Eng
Durban University of Technology DUT 20021 2002 23,000 Durban, Pietermaritzburg Eng
Mangosuthu University of Technology MUT 1979 2007 Umlazi Eng
University of Mpumalanga 2013 2013 Mbombela Eng
Sol Plaatje University 2013 2013 Kimberley, Northern Cape Eng
Tshwane University of Technology TUT 20031 2003 60,000 Pretoria, Nelspruit, Polokwane, Ga-Rankuwa, Soshanguve, Witbank Eng
Vaal University of Technology VUT 1966 2003 17,000 Vanderbijlpark, Secunda, Kempton Park, Klerksdorp, Upington Eng
Note1: By merger of existing institutions
Private universities and colleges[edit]
This list serves as the official government National Register of Private FET Colleges.
This list serves as the official government National Register of Private HET providers.
Institution
Nickname
Founded
Enrollment
Type
Location(s)
Medium
AFDA, The South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance AFDA 1994 Film school Johannesburg Eng
Akademia 2011 500 Private higher education institution Centurion (Study centres: Bellville, Boksburg, Pretoria, Krugersdorp, Somerset West and Vanderbijlpark) Afr
Akademie Reformatoriese Opleiding en Studies Aros 2003 800 Private higher education institution Pretoria Afr
Boston City Campus and Business College 1992 Eng
eta College
Sport and fitness college
offering internationally recognized fitness, coaching science and
sport & recreation management courses.
eta 1983 Sport and Fitness College Pretoria, Cape Town, George, Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, Stellenbosch, Durban Eng
Cornerstone Institute 1970 University Cape Town (Learning Communities: Johannesburg, Hatfield, Nelspruit, Witbank, Eastern Cape, Hermanus, Helderberg, Plettenberg Bay, George) Eng
Centurion Akademie / Academy 2000 University Centurion, Klerksdorp, Bellville, Witbank, Rustenburg Afr Eng
CTI Education Group 1979 College South Africa Eng
CTU Training Solutions CTU 1987 Private tertiary college. Full-time, Part-time & Corporate Auckland Park, Boksburg, Roodepoort, Sandton, Vereeniging, Pretoria (Higher Education), Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Port Elizabeth, Durban, Nelspruit, Polokwane, Bloemfontein, Potchefstroom Eng
Damelin 1943 100,000 Private College Durban, Johannesburg, Cape town, Pretoria, Pietermaritzburg, East London, Bloemfontein, Port Elizabeth Eng
Helderberg College HBC 1928 Private Higher Education Somerset West Eng
IMM Graduate School of Marketing 1948 Marketing school Johannesburg Eng
Inscape Design College Design college Johannesburg Eng
Management College of Southern Africa 1995 College Durban Eng
Midrand Graduate Institute MGI 1989 University Midrand Eng
Milpark Business School 1997 University Primarily distance education (campuses: Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town) Eng
Monash South Africa Monash 2001 University Johannesburg Eng
Oval Education International Oval Campus 1989 Private Higher Education Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Pietermaritzburg, Limpopo Eng
Qualitas Career Academy 2008 Private college. Full-time, part-time & corporate. Bloemfontein, George, Kimberley, Newcastle, Table View, Vanderbijlpark Eng
Red & Yellow School Red & Yellow School 1994 Private College Cape Town, Johannesburg Eng
New World Mission Dunamis International University NWMDIU 1984 distance learning Regenesys Business School Regenesys 1997 Eng
Rosebank College Rosebank College 1968 Private College Braamfontein, Pretoria Sunnyside, Pretoria CBD, Polokwane, Durban Eng
South African College of Applied Psychology (SACAP) SACAP 1997 Private Instituition Cape Town, Johannesburg, Online Eng
South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation[24] SAIHSC 1994 Private, Postgraduate Institution Twee Riviere, Eastern Cape Eng
Southern Business School 1996 Business school Distance Education Eng
St Augustine College of South Africa July 1999 College Johannesburg Eng
Stenden University South Africa2 Stenden 10 April 2002 Hospitality School Port Alfred Eng
The Design School Southern Africa 1990 University Durban, Pretoria, Johannesburg Eng
The Open Window School of Visual Communication TOW 1989 486 Graphic Design, Film and Animation school. Pretoria Eng
UniCollege West Rand 2013 Private College, Business School Monument, Krugersdorp Eng
Varsity College 1993 16,900 Private College Cape Town, Durban (North and West), Pretoria, Johannesburg (Midrand and Sandton), Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth Eng
Vega 1998 Private College Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, Johannesburg Eng
1In addition offers degrees by Regent University, United States of America
2Campus of Stenden University, The Netherlands
Theological seminaries[edit]
Institution
Nickname
Founded
Enrollment
Type
Location(s)
Medium
Afrikaanse Protestantse Akademie APA 1987 Theological seminary Pretoria, Germiston Afr
Auckland Park Theological Seminary ATS Theological seminary Johannesburg Eng
Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa 1951 Theological seminary Johannesburg Eng
Doxa Deo School of Divinity Theological seminary Eng
George Whitefield College 1989 Theological seminary Cape Town Eng
South African Theological Seminary 1996 Theological seminary Johannesburg Eng
University rankings[edit]
Further information: Rankings of universities in South Africa
League tables of South African universities are largely based on international university rankings, because there have not as yet been published any specifically South African rankings.
University research collaboratives[edit]
Cape Higher Education Consortium (CHEC)
Foundation of Tertiary Institutions of the Northern Metropolis (FOTIM)
Higher Education South Africa (HESA)
Southern Education and Research Alliance (SERA)
Defunct institutions[edit]
Institution
Location
Founded
Closed
Notes
Bond South Africa Sandton 2004[25]
Border Technikon 2005 Now part of Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science
University of Bophuthatswana Now part of North-West University
University of the Cape of Good Hope Cape Town 1873 1916 Renamed University of South Africa
Cape Technikon Now part of Cape Peninsula University of Technology
University of Durban-Westville Durban 1972 1 January 2004[10] Now part of University of KwaZulu-Natal
Eastern Cape Technikon 1994 2005 Now part of Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science
Medical University of South Africa Ga-Rankuwa 1976 1 January 2005[11] Now part of University of Limpopo
Technikon Natal Now part of Durban University of Technology
University of the North Polokwane 1959 1 January 2005[11] Now part of University of Limpopo
University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Durban 1910 1 January 2004[10] Now part of University of KwaZulu-Natal
University of North-West, formerly the University of Bophuthatswana Mafikeng 1 January 2004[12] Now part of North-West University
Port Elizabeth Technikon. Port Elizabeth, George 1882[26] 2005 Now part of Nelson Mandela University
University of Port Elizabeth Port Elizabeth 31 January 1964 2005 Now part of Nelson Mandela University
Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education Potchefstroom 29 November 1869 1 January 2004[12] Now part of North-West University
Rand Afrikaans University Johannesburg 1967 2005 Now part of University of Johannesburg
Technikon SA 1 January 2004[27] Now part of University of South Africa
Transvaal University College Johannesburg, Pretoria 1906 1910/1930 Predecessor of the University of Pretoria and the University of the Witwatersrand. The University of the Witwatersrand was named the Transvaal University College from 1906 to 1910. The University of Pretoria was established as the Pretoria branch of the Transvaal University College in 1908 and retained that name until 1930.
University of Transkei Transkei 1977 2005 Now part of Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science
University of Gazankulu Giyani ? ? Probably distributed between the University of Venda and the University of Limpopo
Vista University Multi-city campus university 1981 2004/2005 Now merged with the Nelson Mandela University, the University of the Free State, the University of Johannesburg, the University of Pretoria, the University of South Africa and the Vaal University of Technology.
Technikon Witwatersrand Johannesburg 1925 2005 University of Johannesburg
See also[edit]
Ranking of South African universities
List of colleges and universities by country
List of colleges and universities in south Africa before 1976
List of post secondary institutions in South Africa
List of South African universities by endowment
List of South African university chancellors and vice-chancellors
List of medical schools in South Africa
List of law schools in South Africa
List of business schools in South Africa
List of architecture schools in South Africa
Open access in South Africa
Higher Education South Africa
Academic boycotts of South Africa (historical Apartheid-era)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=23530
Jump up ^ South Africa's new universities named, SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved 320 January 2015.
Jump up ^ SA Higher Education, South African Universities Vice-Chancellors Association. Retrieved 30 January 2006. (Link is dead; view it at the Internet Archive.)
Jump up ^ 2005, HESA Structures, Higher Education South Africa. Retrieved 24 February 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013. Our history Retrieved 13 May 2011
Jump up ^ http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=1042 University of Fort Hare (1916–) Retrieved 14 May 2011
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2011-04-28. Brief History Retrieved 28 April 2011
Jump up ^ http://www.sarua.org/?q=uni_University%20of%20the%20Free%20State University of the Free State Retrieved 13 May 2011
Jump up ^ http://www.ufs.ac.za/content.aspx?cid=19 About the UFS Retrieved 17 January 2010
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2011. History - University of KwaZulu-Natal Retrieved 13 May 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.ul.ac.za/index.php?Entity=UL%20Historical%20Background UL Historical Background Retrieved 13 May 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.nwu.ac.za/nwu/history.html THE NWU Retrieved 14 May 2011
Jump up ^ Welcome to the University of Pretoria Retrieved 1 October 2010
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009. History of the University of Pretoria. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/style_det.php?styleid=368 Retrieved 21 May 2011
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2012. UP in a Nutshell 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Campuses Retrieved 1 October 2010 Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://www.ru.ac.za/rhodes/introducingrhodes/historyofrhodes Rhodes History of Rhodes Retrieved 28 April 2011
Jump up ^ Nzimande, Blade. "HIGHER EDUCATION ACT, 1997 (ACT No. 101 OF 1997) ESTABLISHMENT OF A PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University" (PDF). Government Gazette. Government Printing Works. 587 (37658). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011
Jump up ^ "Stellenbosch University Statistical Profile 2012" Archived 28 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine., Official Stellenbosch University Website, SU Consensus, June 2012
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=cms&action=showfulltext&id=gen11Srv7Nme54_8987_1210050562&menustate=about Retrieved 13 May 2011
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011
Jump up ^ http://www.sainst.org
Jump up ^ The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (2004). Breaking News Archive - June 2004 Archived 1 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
Jump up ^ "Port Elizabeth (PE) Technikon". Study South Africa. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.unisa.ac.za/Default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=7 Our history Retrieved 28 April 2011
[show]
v
t
e
South African universities
University alliances
CHEC
FOTIM
HESA
SERA
Public
Traditional universities
Cape Town
Fort Hare
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
Limpopo
North-West
Pretoria
Rhodes
SMU
Stellenbosch
Western Cape
Witwatersrand
Comprehensive universities
Johannesburg
Nelson Mandela
Unisa
Venda
Walter Sisulu
Zululand
Universities of technology
Cape Peninsula
Central
Durban
Mangosuthu
Mpumalanga
Sol Plaatje
Tshwane
Vaal
Private
Design and Art Schools
AFDA
Inscape Design College
The Open Window School of Visual Communication
Theological seminaries
College of the Transfiguration
Auckland Park Theological Seminary
Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa
Doxa Deo School of Divinity
George Whitefield College
South African Theological Seminary
Universities and colleges
Akademia
CIDA City Campus
CTI Education Group
Damelin
IMM Graduate School of Marketing
Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation
Midrand Graduate Institute
Monash
Regenesys Business School
St Augustine College of South Africa
Stenden South Africa
TSiBA Education
Related
DHEAT
SAQA
Chancellors and vice-chancellors
Endowment
Rankings
South African Technology Network
TENET
Category
List
[show]
v
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Lists of universities in Africa
Sovereign states
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text:
A Royal Flush
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"A Royal Flush"
Only Fools and Horses episode
Episode no.
Episode 5
(Christmas Special)
Directed by
Ray Butt
Written by
John Sullivan
Produced by
Ray Butt
Original air date
25 December 1986
(18.8 million viewers)
Running time
Original broadcast: 76 minutes
Re-edited Version: 59 minutes
List of episodes
"A Royal Flush" is the fifth Christmas special episode of the BBC sitcom, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1986. It was re-edited into a shorter version with added laughter track and released on DVD in 2004. In the episode, Rodney becomes friends with the daughter of a Duke, and Del decides to help him make the right impression.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Episode cast
3 Music
4 Episode concept
5 Home video
6 Errors
7 References
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
As Del Boy sells cutlery to the local market crowd, Rodney spots an attractive woman, and abandons his lookout position to talk to her. At Sid's cafe, she introduces herself as Vicky. Upon further reading, Rodney discovers that she is Lady Victoria Marsham Hales of Covington House, Berkshire, the daughter of the Duke of Maylebury, a second cousin of the Queen and explains that her mother died in a skiing accident. Sensing a chance to make the Trotter family millionaires, Del decides to assist Rodney's blossoming friendship with Lady Victoria, such as by acquiring tickets for the opera Carmen.
On the night of the opera, Rodney and Victoria arrive, only to see that Del has also shown up, along with June Snell (last seen in "Happy Returns"), a former girlfriend of Del and mother of one of Rodney's ex-girlfriends. Del and June ruin the night by noisily eating snacks, talking during the performance, and arguing with other members of the audience. Nonetheless, Victoria invites Rodney to stay at Covington House for the weekend. Wanting Rodney to make a good impression, Del insists that he dresses as a country gentleman in a tweed suit. Already nervous during the weekend in Berkshire, Rodney is horrified when Del arrives with a reluctant Albert in the Reliant Regal, claiming to have turned up to deliver Rodney's evening suit that he "forgot" (although Rodney knows that he packed it and Del removed it so he had an excuse to turn up). As Rodney seethes with anger, Del introduces himself to Victoria's father Henry and invites himself to that evening's dinner having coincidentally brought his own evening suit. Del takes part in their clay pigeon shoot using a pump-action shotgun borrowed from Iggy Iggins, a local bank robber, and quickly begins to irritate Henry.
At dinner, Del gets drunk and boorish and starts insulting the guests with lewd comments, touting a marriage between Rodney and Victoria, not shutting up about the artist Leonardo Da Vinci and embarrassing Rodney by revealing his conviction for possession of cannabis. Del finally pushes the Duke over the edge by telling a skiing joke (despite knowing that's how Victoria's mother died). In a fury, the Duke demands Del meets him outside. As the two leave, Victoria asks Rodney if he's still staying overnight. He regretfully declines and decides to go home, which Victoria allows. Outside the Duke orders that Del, Rodney and Albert are to leave his premises immediately. Del tells the Duke that Rodney may need to be paid off to leave Victoria alone.
Back at the flat, a furious Rodney relates to a very hung over Del how he has always ruined his opportunities to make a success of his life by interfering, and injures his hand punching a vent cover out of anger. After Rodney reveals that he refused the offer of a £1000 pay-off from the Duke to stop seeing Vicky (angering Del, who had arranged the offer), Del says that had Rodney refused to stop seeing Victoria, he would probably have been assassinated by the Special Branch because of his conviction for marijuana use. Del ostensibly apologises to Rodney and asks him to shake his hand, but this turns out to be a ploy for Del to inflict punishment on Rodney for refusing the £1000 by squeezing his bad hand.
Episode cast[edit]
Actor
Role
David Jason Del Boy
Nicholas Lyndhurst Rodney
Buster Merryfield Uncle Albert
Roger Lloyd-Pack Trigger
Sarah Duncan Lady Victoria Marsham Hales
Jack Hedley Henry Marsham, Duke of Maylebury
Richenda Carey Lady at Opera
Alan Cody Ticket Collector
Roger Davidson Mr. Dow
Daphne Goddard Lady at Dinner
Robin Herford Man at Opera
Diane Langton June Snell
Paul McDowell Man in Market
Arnold Peters Patterson
Stephen Riddle Giles
Gordon Salkilld St. John Ambulance Man
Peter Tuddenham Charles
Robert Vahey Dosser
Geoffrey Wilkinson Eric
Kate Williams Mrs. Miles
Music[edit]
The Smiths - Ask
Erasure - Sometimes
Kent Opera: Handel's Overture for the Royal Fireworks
Kent Opera: Extracts from Bizet's Carmen
Episode concept[edit]
This episode was inspired by two things. One was how the younger nobility were becoming closer, apparently, to the working class and the second was stories in the newspapers about Special Branch being employed to protect the younger royals from possible kidnap. Sullivan put these two things together when writing the episode and created the storyline of how Del would protect Rodney and at the same time make a few bob on it. "Although Del comes across as rather cruel in the episode, his heart is in the right place".[1]
Home video[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The episode was first released on the VHS format. The VHS release has the episode intact as per its original broadcast.
The DVD was later released containing the 2004 edited version and not the original broadcast version. This version was heavily re-edited and included a laughter track which the original broadcast did not have, reportedly due to the limited time available between recording and broadcast. The reason for the edits and cuts was Sullivan's dissatisfaction with the original version, feeling that it seemed to show Del Boy in a negative light. Whereas Del was always seen to be a lovable rogue, in this episode there were some scenes where he came over as boorish and offensive.[2][page needed]
The original broadcast version was released on DVD in 2005 with issue 13 of The Only Fools and Horses DVD Collection magazine series. When this 2005 edition was released it included another Christmas special, "The Frog's Legacy". On the back of the DVD case it states "This Has Been Edited for Contractual Reasons." However, there are no edits on the DVD. Both "The Frog's Legacy" and "A Royal Flush" are both intact, as they were originally broadcast.
Errors[edit]
When Del and Rodney are standing outside the flat, the sign above the lift shows it is the 13th floor. In other episodes, it is mentioned that the Trotters live on the 12th floor.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Only Fools and Horses Collection (13): 4. 2005. ISSN 1743-2065. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Clark, Steve (1998). The Only Fools and Horses Story. London: BBC. ISBN 056338445X.
External links[edit]
"A Royal Flush" on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Only Fools and Horses episodes
Series 1
"Big Brother"
"Go West Young Man"
"Cash and Curry"
"The Second Time Around"
"A Slow Bus to Chingford"
"The Russians Are Coming"
Series 2
"The Long Legs of the Law"
"Ashes to Ashes"
"A Losing Streak"
"No Greater Love"
"The Yellow Peril"
"It Never Rains..."
"A Touch of Glass"
Series 3
"Homesick"
"Healthy Competition"
"Friday the 14th"
"Yesterday Never Comes"
"May the Force Be with You"
"Wanted"
"Who's a Pretty Boy?"
Series 4
"Happy Returns"
"Strained Relations"
"Hole in One"
"It's Only Rock and Roll"
"Sleeping Dogs Lie"
"Watching the Girls Go By"
"As One Door Closes"
Series 5
"From Prussia with Love"
"The Miracle of Peckham"
"The Longest Night"
"Tea for Three"
"Video Nasty"
"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"
Series 6
"Yuppy Love"
"Danger UXD"
"Chain Gang"
"The Unlucky Winner Is..."
"Sickness and Wealth"
"Little Problems"
Series 7
"The Sky's the Limit"
"The Chance of a Lunchtime"
"Stage Fright"
"The Class of '62"
"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle"
"Three Men, a Woman and a Baby"
Specials
1980s
"Christmas Crackers"
"Diamonds Are for Heather"
"Thicker than Water"
"To Hull and Back"
"A Royal Flush"
"The Frog's Legacy"
"Dates"
"The Jolly Boys' Outing"
1990s
"Rodney Come Home"
"Miami Twice"
"Mother Nature's Son"
"Fatal Extraction"
"Heroes and Villains"
"Modern Men"
"Time on Our Hands"
2000s
"If They Could See Us Now"
"Strangers on the Shore"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
Miscellaneous
"Christmas Trees"
"Licensed to Drill"
"White Mice"
"Royal Variety Show"
"The Robin Flies at Dawn"
"Comic Relief Special"
"Beckham in Peckham"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Royal_Flush&oldid=804676353"
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