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Salar de Uyuni
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Coordinates: 20°08′01.59″S 67°29′20.88″W / 20.1337750°S 67.4891333°W / -20.1337750; -67.4891333
Location of Salar de Uyuni.
Salar de Uyuni viewed from space, with Salar de Coipasa in the top left corner.
Mountains surrounding the Uyuni salt flat during sunrise, Daniel Campos Province, Potosí Department, southwestern Bolivia, not far from the crest of the Andes.
Salar de Uyuni (or Salar de Tunupa)[1] is the world's largest salt flat at 10 582 square kilometers (4 086 sq mi). It is in the Daniel Campos Province in Potosí in southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes and is at an elevation of 3 656 meters (11 995 ft) above sea level.[2]
The Salar was formed as a result of transformations between several prehistoric lakes. It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average elevation variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar. The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of brine, which is exceptionally rich in lithium. It contains 50 % to 70 % of the world's known lithium reserves,[3] which is in the process of being extracted. The large area, clear skies, and exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.[4][5][6][7][8]
The Salar serves as the major transport route across the Bolivian Altiplano and is a major breeding ground for several species of flamingos. Salar de Uyuni is also a climatological transitional zone since the towering tropical cumulus congestus and cumulonimbus incus clouds that form in the eastern part of the salt flat during the summer cannot permeate beyond its drier western edges, near the Chilean border and the Atacama Desert.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Formation, geology, and climate
2 Economic influence
3 Name
4 Flora and fauna
5 Tourism
5.1 Hotels
5.2 Train cemetery
6 Satellite calibration
7 Gallery
8 See also
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Formation, geology, and climate[edit]
The salar is composed of a salt surface crust overlying brine saturated sediments.
Salar de Uyuni is part of the Altiplano of Bolivia in South America. The Altiplano is a high plateau, which was formed during uplift of the Andes mountains. The plateau includes fresh and saltwater lakes as well as salt flats and is surrounded by mountains with no drainage outlets.[9]
The geological history of the Salar is associated with a sequential transformation between several vast lakes. Some 30 000 to 42 000 years ago, the area was part of a giant prehistoric lake, Lake Minchin. Its age was estimated from radiocarbon dating of shells from outcropping sediments and carbonate reefs and varies between reported studies. Lake Minchin (named after Juan B. Minchin of Oruro[10]) later transformed into Paleo Lake Tauca having a maximal depth of 140 meters (460 ft), and an estimated age of 13 000 to 18 000 or 14 900 to 26 100 years, depending on the source. The youngest prehistoric lake was Coipasa, which was radiocarbon dated to 11 500 to 13 400 years ago. When it dried, it left behind two modern lakes, Poopó and Uru Uru, and two major salt deserts, Salar de Coipasa and the larger Salar de Uyuni. Salar de Uyuni spreads over 10 582 km2, which is roughly 100 times the size of the Bonneville Salt Flats in the United States. Lake Poopó is a neighbor of the much larger Lake Titicaca. During the wet season, Titicaca overflows and discharges into Poopó, which, in turn, floods Salar De Coipasa and Salar de Uyuni.[11]
Lacustrine mud that is interbedded with salt and saturated with brine underlies the surface of Salar de Uyuni. The brine is a saturated solution of sodium chloride, lithium chloride, and magnesium chloride in water. It is covered with a solid salt crust varying in thickness between tens of centimeters and a few meters. The center of the Salar contains a few islands, which are the remains of the tops of ancient volcanoes submerged during the era of Lake Minchin. They include unusual and fragile coral-like structures and deposits that often consist of fossils and algae.[12]
The area has a relatively stable average temperature with a peak at 21 °C in November to January and a low of 13 °C in June. The nights are cold all through the year, with temperatures between −9 °C and 5 °C. The relative humidity is rather low and constant throughout the year at 30 % to 45 %. The rainfall is also low at 1 mm to 3 mm per month between April and November, but it may increase up to 80 mm in January. However, except for January, even in the rainy season the number of rainy days is fewer than 5 per month.[8]
Incahuasi island in the center of the Salar.
Economic influence[edit]
Salt production at the Salar.
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2017)
The Salar contains a large amount of sodium, potassium, lithium and magnesium (all in the chloride forms of NaCl, KCl, LiCl and MgCl2, respectively), as well as borax.[12] Of those, lithium is arguably most important as it is a vital component of many electric batteries. With estimated 9 000 000 t, Bolivia holds about 43 % of the world's known lithium reserves;[13] most of those are in the Salar de Uyuni.[citation needed]
Lithium is concentrated in the brine under the salt crust at a relatively high concentration of about 0.3 %. It is also present in the top layers of the porous halite body lying under the brine; however, the liquid brine is easier to extract, by boring into the crust and pumping out the brine.[14] The brine distribution has been monitored by the Landsat satellite and confirmed in ground drilling tests. Following those findings, an American-based international corporation has invested $137 million to developing lithium extraction.[15] However, lithium extraction in the 1980s and 1990s by foreign companies met strong opposition from the local community. Locals believed that the money infused by mining would not reach them. [16]
No mining plant is currently at the site, and the Bolivian government does not want to allow exploitation by foreign corporations. Instead, it intends to build its own pilot plant with a modest annual production of 1 200 t of lithium and to increase it to 30 000 t by 2012.[17]
Salar de Uyuni is estimated to contain 10 billion tonnes (9.8 billion long tons; 11 billion short tons) of salt, of which less than 25 000 t is extracted annually. All miners working in the Salar belong to Colchani's cooperative.[citation needed]
Because of its location, large area, and flatness, the Salar is a major car transport route across the Bolivian Altiplano,[9] except when seasonally covered with water.[citation needed]
Name[edit]
Salar is salt flat in Spanish. Uyuni originates from the Aymara language and means a pen (enclosure); Uyuni is a surname and the name of a town that serves as a gateway for tourists visiting the Salar. Thus Salar de Uyuni can be loosely translated as a salt flat with enclosures, the latter possibly referring to the "islands" of the Salar; or as "salt-flat at Uyuni (the town named 'pen for animals')".[citation needed]
Aymara legend tells that the mountains Tunupa, Kusku, and Kusina, which surround the Salar, were giant people. Tunupa married Kusku, but Kusku ran away from her with Kusina. Grieving Tunupa started to cry while breastfeeding her son. Her tears mixed with milk and formed the Salar. Many locals consider the Tunupa an important deity and say that the place should be called Salar de Tunupa rather than Salar de Uyuni.[12]
Flora and fauna[edit]
A part of Incahuasi Island inside the Salar, featuring giant cacti
James's flamingo
Culpeo
Bolivian vizcacha
Andean goose
Andean hillstar
Andean flamingos in the Laguna Colorada, south of the Salar
Vicunas near the Salar De Uyuni 2017
The Salar is virtually devoid of any wildlife or vegetation. The latter is dominated by giant cacti (Echinopsis atacamensis pasacana, Echinopsis tarijensis, etc.). They grow at a rate of about 1 cm/a to a height of about 12 m. Other shrubs include Pilaya, which is used by locals to cure catarrh, and Thola (Baccharis dracunculifolia), which is burned as a fuel. Also present are quinoa plants and queñua bushes.[12]
Every November, Salar de Uyuni is the breeding ground for three species of pink South American flamingo: the Chilean, Andean, and rare James's flamingos, their color presumably originating from feeding on pink algae. About 80 other bird species are present, including the horned coot, Andean goose, and Andean hillstar. The Andean fox, or culpeo, is also present, and islands in the Salar (in particular Incahuasi Island) host colonies of rabbit-like viscachas.[12]
Tourism[edit]
Hotels[edit]
Traditional salt production at Salar. Such salt blocks are used for building salt hotels.
See also: Palacio de Sal
Salar de Uyuni attracts tourists from around the world. As it is far from the cities, a number of hotels have been built in the area. Due to lack of conventional construction materials, many of them are almost entirely (walls, roof, furniture) built with salt blocks cut from the Salar. The first such hotel, named Palacio de Sal, was erected in 1993–1995[18][19] in the middle of the salt flat,[20][21] and soon became a popular tourist destination.[22] However, its location in the center of a desert caused sanitation problems, as most waste had to be collected manually. Mismanagement caused serious environmental pollution and the hotel had to be dismantled in 2002.[23][24]
Train cemetery[edit]
One major tourist attraction is an antique train cemetery. It is 3 km outside Uyuni and is connected to it by the old train tracks. The town served in the past as a distribution hub for the trains carrying minerals en route to Pacific Ocean ports. The rail lines were built by British engineers arriving near the end of the 19th century and formed a sizeable community in Uyuni. The engineers were invited by the British-sponsored Antofagasta and Bolivia Railway Companies, now Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia. The rail construction started in 1888 and ended in 1892. It was encouraged by Bolivian President Aniceto Arce, who believed Bolivia would flourish with a good transport system, but it was also constantly sabotaged by the local Aymara indigenous Indians who saw it as an intrusion into their lives. The trains were mostly used by the mining companies. In the 1940s, the mining industry collapsed, partly because of mineral depletion. Many trains were abandoned, producing the train cemetery. There are proposals to build a museum from the cemetery.[12]
Cemetery of trains near the town of Uyuni.
Satellite calibration[edit]
Dried surface of the Salar.
Salt flats are ideal for calibrating the distance measurement equipment of satellites because they are large, stable surfaces with strong reflection, similar to that of ice sheets. As the largest salt flat on Earth, Salar de Uyuni is especially suitable for this purpose. In the low-rain period from April to November, due to the absence of industry and its high elevation, the skies above Salar de Uyuni are very clear, and the air is dry (relative humidity is about 30 %; rainfall is roughly 1 millimetre or 0.039 inches per month). It has a stable surface, smoothed by seasonal flooding — water dissolves the salt surface and thus keeps it leveled.[citation needed]
As a result, the variation in the surface elevation over the 10,582-square-kilometer (4,086 sq mi) area of Salar de Uyuni is less than 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) normal to the Earth's circumference, and there are few square kilometers on Earth that are as flat. The surface reflectivity (albedo) for ultraviolet light is relatively high at 0.69 and shows variations of only a few percent during the daytime.[7] The combination of all these features makes Salar de Uyuni about five times better for satellite calibration than the surface of an ocean.[5][6][25] Using Salar de Uyuni as the target, ICESat has already achieved the short-term elevation measurement accuracy of below 2 centimeters (0.79 in).[26]
With the use of modern GPS technology, it can now be proven that the Salar de Uyuni is not perfectly flat. New measurements revealed previously missed features resembling ridges, hills, and valleys only millimeters in height. They originate from the variation in material density, and thus the gravitational force, beneath the Salar's sediments. Just as the ocean surface rises over denser seamounts, the salt flat surface also rises and falls to reflect the subsurface density variations.[25][27]
Gallery[edit]
Panoramic view of the Salar.
Salar de Uyuni 2013
Sunset at the Salar de Uyuni
Piles of salt at the Salar
Llamas in the Salar
The Salar covered with water
Small patch covered with water during winter
A Taiwanese monk at the Salar during winter
Mountains and jeeps near Salar De Uyuni 2017
See also[edit]
Ouki
Puka Mayu
Great Salt Lake
Rann of Kutch
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Salar de Tunupa". Iris en Tore op reis. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Uyuni Salt Flat". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-12-01.
Jump up ^ Keating, Joshua (2009-10-21). "Bolivia's Lithium-Powered Future: What the global battery boom means for the future of South America's poorest country". Foreign Policy.
Jump up ^ Borsa, A. A; et al. (2002). "GPS Survey of the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, for Satellite Altimeter Calibration". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting.
^ Jump up to: a b Hand, Eric (2007-11-30). "The salt flat with curious curves". Nature.
^ Jump up to: a b Fricker, H. A. (2005). "Assessment of ICESat performance at the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (21): L21S06. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3221S06F. doi:10.1029/2005GL023423. Archived from the original (free download pdf) on 2009-03-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Reuder, Joachim; et al. (2007). "Investigations on the effect of high surface albedo on erythemally effective UV irradiance: Results of a campaign at the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia" (PDF). Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B. 87 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.12.002. PMID 17227712. Archived from the original (free-download pdf) on 2014-04-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Lamparelli, R. A. C.; et al. (2003). "Characterization of the Salar de Uyuni for in-orbit satellite calibration". IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 41 (6): 1461–1468. Bibcode:2003ITGRS..41.1461C. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2003.810713.
^ Jump up to: a b "Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia". NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved 2007-12-01.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Isaiah (1914). "Results of an Expedition to the Central Andes". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 46 (3): 161. JSTOR 201641.
Jump up ^ Baker, P. A.; et al. (2001). "Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano". Nature. 409 (6821): 698–701. doi:10.1038/35055524. PMID 11217855.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Atkinson, David (2007-03-01). Bolivia: The Bradt Travel Guide. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 170; 174–176. ISBN 978-1-84162-165-4.
Jump up ^ "Lithium Statistics and Information" (PDF). USGS.
Jump up ^ "In search of Lithium: The battle for the 3rd element". Dailymail. 5 April 2009.
Jump up ^ National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development, National Research Council (U.S.). Office of International Affairs (1988). Science and technology for development: prospects entering the twenty-first century : a symposium in commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the U.S. Agency for International Development. National Academies. p. 60.
Jump up ^ "Bolivia holds key to electric car future". BBC News.
Jump up ^ "Bolivia holds key to electric car future". BBC. 2008-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Bolivian Hotel Truly Is the Salt of the Earth". hotelchatter.com. January 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Don't Lick the Walls of the Salt Hotel". tripcrazed.com. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009.
Jump up ^ McFarrren, Peter (1999-03-04). "Salt hotel has a rule: No licking". The Associated Press.
Jump up ^ Box, Ben; Kunstaetter, Robert; Kunstaetter, Daisy; Groesbeck, Geoffrey (2007). Peru, Bolivia & Ecuador. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 378. ISBN 1-906098-06-9.
Jump up ^ "Photo in the News: New Salt Hotel Built in Bolivia". National Geographic. 2007-07-25. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
Jump up ^ Adès, Harry (2004). The Rough Guide to South America. Rough Guides. p. 259. ISBN 1-85828-907-6.
Jump up ^ "Palacio del Sal". hbernreuther.de (in German).
^ Jump up to: a b "The Hills And Valleys Of Earth's Largest Salt Flat". GPS Daily. 2007-11-29.
Jump up ^ Spreen, Gunnar (2008). Satellite-based Estimates of Sea Ice Volume Flux: Applications to the Fram Strait Region. GRIN Verlag. p. 22. ISBN 3-640-13064-2.
Jump up ^ Bills, Bruce G.; et al. (2007). "MISR-based passive optical bathymetry from orbit with few-cm level of accuracy on the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia". Remote Sensing of Environment. 107 (1–2): 240–255. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.006.
Bibliography[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2016)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salar de Uyuni.
Salar de Uyuni travel guide from Wikivoyage
Lonely Planet: Salar de Uyuni
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Lakes on the Altiplano
Present-day lakes and salt pans
Lake Titicaca
Lake Poopó
Salar de Uyuni
Salar de Coipasa
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Lake Ballivián
Cabana
Mataro
Ancient lakes
Lake Tauca
Sajsi
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Salinas
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Ouki
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Cancosa paleolake
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List of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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List of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals
Founded
1887
Region
Ireland (GAA)
Number of teams
34 (qualifiers)
8 (final series)
Current champions
Dublin (27th title)
Most successful team(s)
Kerry (37 titles)
The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the premier competition in Gaelic football, is an annual series of games played in Ireland during the summer and early autumn, and organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). Contested by the top inter-county football teams in Ireland, the tournament has taken place every year since 1887, except in 1888 when the competition was not played due to a tour of the United States by would-be competitors.
The competition culminates on the third or fourth Sunday in September with the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final. The winning team receives the Sam Maguire Cup. The final has been played at Croke Park in Dublin since 1913, with the exception of the 1947 final which was played at the Polo Grounds in New York. Finals held before the GAA's acquirement of Croke Park were played at venues around Dublin and the counties of Cork, Kildare and Tipperary.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Finals
2.1 Key
2.2 Results
2.3 Notes
3 See also
4 References
History[edit]
For more details on this topic, see History of the Gaelic Athletic Association.
Teams from the southern province of Munster shared the early titles, with Limerick, Tipperary and Cork winning the first three finals. The first Championship featured club teams who represented their respective counties after their county championship. The 21 a-side final, played in Beech Hill, Clonskeagh on 29 April 1888, was contested between Commercials of Limerick and Young Irelands of Louth, with Commercials winning by 1-4 to 0-3. Unlike later All-Irelands, there were no provincial championships and it was an open draw.
The second Championship was unfinished owing to the American Invasion Tour. The 1888 provincial championships had been completed (won by Tipperary, Kilkenny and Monaghan, with no Connacht teams entering) but after the Invasion Tour ended, the All-Ireland semi-final and final were not played. London reached the final four times in the early years of the competition (1900–03).
The 1903 Championship brought Kerry's first All-Ireland title. They went on to become the most successful football team in the history of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. As of 2017, they have won the competition on 37 occasions, including two four-in-a-rows (1929–32 and 1978–81) and two three-in-a-rows (1939–41 and 1984–86). Galway were the first team from the western province of Connacht to win an All-Ireland title, in 1925, while Cavan were the first from the northern province of Ulster, in 1933.
Croke Park kitted out in the green and red of Mayo fans at the 2004 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The first half of the twentieth century brought the rise of several teams who won two or more All-Ireland titles during this period, such as Kildare, Mayo, Cavan, Wexford and Roscommon. Wexford won four consecutive titles between 1915 and 1918, while Kildare were the first winners of the Sam Maguire Cup in 1928. Cavan won five titles between 1933 and 1952, including in 1947 when the final was played in New York. None of these teams have won an All-Ireland title since, with only Kildare, Mayo and Roscommon reaching the final. Most notably, Mayo have appeared in nine finals since winning their last title in 1951, losing them all (1989, 1996 after a replay, 1997, 2004, 2006, 2012, 2013, 2016 after a replay and 2017); this is the longest unbroken sequence of losing finals in the history of the competition.[1]
A record 90,556 attended the 1961 final between Down and Offaly. In the 1990s, a significant sea change took place, as the All-Ireland was claimed by an Ulster team in four consecutive years (1991–94). Since then Ulster has produced more All-Ireland winning teams than any other province.[2] The introduction of the qualifier system (commonly known as the "back door") in 2001 enabled Galway to reach and win that year's final despite losing to Roscommon in the Connacht semi-finals; a further five teams have since claimed the All-Ireland after coming through the qualifiers (Tyrone in 2005 and 2008, Kerry in 2006 and 2009, and Cork in 2010).[3] The 2003 final between Tyrone and Armagh was the first to be contested by two teams from the same province.
Finals[edit]
The following table sets out the winning team and beaten finalist of each All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final. The vast majority of finals were contested by the winning semi-finalists, although in certain cases in the early years a provincial championship had not been completed in time and the affected province nominated a team to participate in the All-Ireland semi-final. In some of these cases, the nominated team (e.g. Dublin in 1905) won its semi-final, but was then vanquished in their provincial championship, and their place in the All-Ireland final taken by another team from that province.
Key[edit]
Key to list of winners
* Final won after Replay
Final not played
Winning county won the Double (Senior Football and Hurling Championship)
All teams are based in Ireland, except for London.
Results[edit]
Year
Date
Winner
Score
Runner-up
Score
Venue
Attendance[4]
Winning margin (points)[A]
1887 29 April 1888 Limerick 1–4 Louth 0–3 Donnybrook 7,000 –
1888 Championship unfinished - the GAA committee and players travelled to the USA to promote the game abroad
1889 20 October Tipperary 3–6 Laois 0–0 Inchicore 1,500 –
1890 26 June 1892 Cork 2–4 Wexford 0–1 Clonturk 1,000 –
1891 28 February 1892 Dublin 2–1 Cork 1–9 Clonturk 2,000 –
1892 26 March 1893 Dublin 1–4 Kerry 0–3 Clonturk 5,000 6
1893 24 June 1894 Wexford 1–1 Cork 0–1 Phoenix Park 1,000 5
1894 21 April 1895 Dublin 0–5 Cork 1–2 Thurles 10,000 –[B]
1895 15 March 1896 Tipperary 0–4 Meath 0–3 Jones' Road 8,000 1
1896 6 February 1898 Limerick 1–5 Dublin 0–7 Jones' Road 3,500 1
1897 5 February 1899 Dublin 2–6 Cork 0–2 Jones' Road 4,000 10
1898 8 April 1900 Dublin 2–8 Waterford 0–4 Tipperary 1,000 10
1899 10 February 1901 Dublin 1–10 Cork 0–6 Jones' Road 2,000 7
1900 26 October 1902 Tipperary 3–7 London 0–2 Jones' Road 2,000 14
1901 2 August 1903 Dublin 0–14 London 0–2 Jones' Road 2,000 12
1902 11 September 1904 Dublin 2–8 London 0–4 Cork 10,000 10
1903 12 November 1905 Kerry 0–11 London 0–3 Jones' Road 10,000 8
1904 1 July 1906 Kerry 0–5 Dublin 0–2 Cork 10,000 3
1905 16 June 1906 Kildare 1–7 Kerry 0–5 Thurles 15,000 5
1906 20 October 1907 Dublin 0–5 Cork 0–4 Geraldine Park, Athy 8,000 1
1907 5 July 1908 Dublin 0–6 Cork 0–2 Tipperary 5,000 4
1908 3 October 1909 Dublin 1–10 London 0–4 Jones' Road 10,000 9
1909 5 December Kerry 1–9 Louth 0–6 Jones' Road 16,000 6
1910 13 November 1910 Louth W/O Kerry Scratch[C] Jones' Road
1911 14 January 1912 Cork 6–6 Antrim 1–2 Jones' Road 11,000 19
1912 3 November Louth 1–7 Antrim 1–2 Jones' Road 13,000 5
1913 14 December Kerry 2–2 Wexford 0–3 Croke Park 17,000 5
1914 29 November Kerry 2–3 Wexford 0–6 Croke Park 20,000 3
1915 7 November Wexford 2–4 Kerry 2–1 Croke Park 27,000 3
1916 17 December Wexford 3–4 Mayo 1–2 Croke Park 3,000 8
1917 9 December Wexford 0–9 Clare 0–5 Croke Park 6,500 4
1918 16 February 1919 Wexford 0–5 Tipperary 0–4 Croke Park 12,000 1
1919 28 September Kildare 2–5 Galway 0–1 Croke Park 32,000 10
1920 11 June 1922 Tipperary 1–6 Dublin 1–2 Croke Park 17,000 4
1921 17 June 1923 Dublin 1–9 Mayo 0–2 Croke Park 16,000 10
1922 7 October 1923 Dublin 0–6 Galway 0–4 Croke Park 11,792 2
1923 28 September 1924 Dublin 1–5 Kerry 1–3 Croke Park 18,500 2
1924 16 April 1925 Kerry 0–4 Dublin 0–3 Croke Park 28,844 1
1925 Galway 3–2 Cavan[D] 1–2 Croke Park 6
1926 17 October Kerry 1–4 Kildare 0–4 Croke Park 35,500 3
1927 25 September Kildare 0–5 Kerry 0–3 Croke Park 36,529 2
1928 30 September Kildare 2–6 Cavan 2–5 Croke Park 24,700 1
1929 22 September Kerry 1–8 Kildare 1–5 Croke Park 43,839 3
1930 28 September Kerry 3–11 Monaghan 0–2 Croke Park 33,280 18
1931 27 September Kerry 1–11 Kildare 0–8 Croke Park 42,350 6
1932 25 September Kerry 2–7 Mayo 2–4 Croke Park 25,816 3
1933 24 September Cavan 2–5 Galway 1–4 Croke Park 45,188 4
1934 23 September Galway 3–5 Dublin 1–9 Croke Park 36,143 2
1935 22 September Cavan 3–6 Kildare 2–5 Croke Park 50,380 4
1936 27 September Mayo 4–11 Laois 0–5 Croke Park 50,168 18
1937 17 October Kerry 4–4 Cavan 1–7 Croke Park 51,234 6
1938 23 October Galway 2–4 Kerry 0–7 Croke Park 47,851 3
1939 24 September Kerry 2–5 Meath 2–3 Croke Park 46,828 2
1940 22 September Kerry 0–7 Galway 1–3 Croke Park 60,821 1
1941 7 September Kerry 1–8 Galway 0–7 Croke Park 45,512 4
1942 20 September Dublin 1–10 Galway 1–8 Croke Park 37,105 2
1943 10 October Roscommon 2–7 Cavan 2–2 Croke Park 47,193 5
1944 24 September Roscommon 1–9 Kerry 2–4 Croke Park 79,245 2
1945 23 September Cork 2–5 Cavan 0–7 Croke Park 67,329 4
1946 27 October Kerry 2–8 Roscommon 0–10 Croke Park 65,661 4
1947 14 September Cavan 2–11 Kerry 2–7 Polo Grounds, New York 34,491 4
1948 26 September Cavan 4–5 Mayo 4–4 Croke Park 74,645 1
1949 25 September Meath 1–10 Cavan 1–6 Croke Park 79,460 4
1950 24 September Mayo 2–5 Louth 1–6 Croke Park 76,174 2
1951 23 September Mayo 2–8 Meath 0–9 Croke Park 78,201 5
1952 12 October Cavan 0–9 Meath 0–5 Croke Park 62,515 4
1953 27 September Kerry 0–13 Armagh 1–6 Croke Park 86,155 4
1954 26 September Meath 1–13 Kerry 1–7 Croke Park 75,276 6
1955 25 September Kerry 0–12 Dublin 1–6 Croke Park 87,102 3
1956 7 October Galway 2–13 Cork 3–7 Croke Park 70,772 3
1957 22 September Louth 1–9 Cork 1–7 Croke Park 72,732 2
1958 28 September Dublin 2–12 Derry 1–9 Croke Park 73,371 6
1959 27 September Kerry 3–7 Galway 1–4 Croke Park 85,897 9
1960 25 September Down 2–10 Kerry 0–8 Croke Park 87,768 8
1961 24 September Down 3–6 Offaly 2–8 Croke Park 90,556 1
1962 23 September Kerry 1–12 Roscommon 1–6 Croke Park 75,771 6
1963 22 September Dublin 1–9 Galway 0–10 Croke Park 87,106 2
1964 27 September Galway 0–15 Kerry 0–10 Croke Park 76,498 5
1965 26 September Galway 0–12 Kerry 0–9 Croke Park 77,735 3
1966 25 September Galway 1–10 Meath 0–7 Croke Park 71,569 6
1967 24 September Meath 1–9 Cork 0–9 Croke Park 70,343 3
1968 22 September Down 2–12 Kerry 1–13 Croke Park 71,294 2
1969 28 September Kerry 0–10 Offaly 0–7 Croke Park 67,828 3
1970 27 September Kerry 2–19 Meath 0–18 Croke Park 71,775 7
1971 26 September Offaly 1–14 Galway 2–8 Croke Park 70,789 3
1972 15 October Offaly 1–19 Kerry 0–13 Croke Park 66,136 9
1973 23 September Cork 3–17 Galway 2–13 Croke Park 73,308 7
1974 22 September Dublin 0–14 Galway 1–6 Croke Park 71,898 5
1975 28 September Kerry 2–12 Dublin 0–11 Croke Park 66,346 7
1976 26 September Dublin 3–8 Kerry 0–10 Croke Park 73,588 7
1977 25 September Dublin 5–12 Armagh 3–6 Croke Park 66,542 12
1978 24 September Kerry 5–11 Dublin 0–9 Croke Park 71,503 17
1979 16 September Kerry 3–13 Dublin 1–8 Croke Park 72,185 11
1980 21 September Kerry 1–9 Roscommon 1–6 Croke Park 63,854 3
1981 20 September Kerry 1–12 Offaly 0–8 Croke Park 61,489 7
1982 16 September Offaly 1–15 Kerry 0–17 Croke Park 62,309 1
1983 18 September Dublin 1–10 Galway 1–8 Croke Park 71,988 2
1984 23 September Kerry 0–14 Dublin 1–6 Croke Park 68,365 5
1985 22 September Kerry 2–12 Dublin 2–8 Croke Park 69,389 4
1986 21 September Kerry 2–15 Tyrone 1–10 Croke Park 68,628 8
1987 20 September Meath 1–14 Cork 0–11 Croke Park 68,431 6
1988 9 October Meath 0–13 Cork 0–12 Croke Park 64,069 1
1989 17 September Cork 0–17 Mayo 1–11 Croke Park 65,519 3
1990 16 September Cork 0–11 Meath 0–9 Croke Park 65,723 2
1991 15 September Down 1–16 Meath 1–14 Croke Park 64,500 2
1992[5] 20 September Donegal 0–18 Dublin 0–14 Croke Park 64,547 4
1993 19 September Derry 1–14 Cork 2–8 Croke Park 64,500 3
1994 18 September Down 1–12 Dublin 0–13 Croke Park 58,684 2
1995 17 September Dublin 1–10 Tyrone 0–12 Croke Park 65,000 1
1996 29 September Meath 2–9 Mayo 1–11 Croke Park 65,802 1
1997[6] 28 September Kerry 0–13 Mayo 1–7 Croke Park 65,601 3
1998 27 September Galway 1–14 Kildare 1–10 Croke Park 65,886 4
1999 26 September Meath 1–11 Cork 1–8 Croke Park 63,276 3
2000[7] 7 October Kerry 0–17 Galway 1–10 Croke Park 64,094 4
2001[8] 23 September Galway 0–17 Meath 0–8 Croke Park 70,842 9
2002[9] 22 September Armagh 1–12 Kerry 0–14 Croke Park 79,500 1
2003[10] 28 September Tyrone 0–12 Armagh 0–9 Croke Park 79,394 3
2004[11] 26 September Kerry 1–20 Mayo 2–9 Croke Park 79,749 8
2005[12] 25 September Tyrone 1–16 Kerry 2–10 Croke Park 82,112 3
2006[13] 17 September Kerry 4–15 Mayo 3–5 Croke Park 82,289 13
2007[14] 16 September Kerry 3–13 Cork 1–9 Croke Park 82,126 10
2008[15] 21 September Tyrone 1–15 Kerry 0–14 Croke Park 82,204 4
2009[16] 20 September Kerry 0–16 Cork 1–9 Croke Park 82,246 4
2010[17] 19 September Cork 0–16 Down 0–15 Croke Park 81,604 1
2011[18] 18 September Dublin 1–12 Kerry 1–11 Croke Park 82,300 1
2012[19] 23 September Donegal 2–11 Mayo 0–13 Croke Park 82,269 4
2013[20] 22 September Dublin 2–12 Mayo 1–14 Croke Park 82,274 1
2014 21 September Kerry 2–9 Donegal 0–12 Croke Park 82,184 3
2015 20 September Dublin 0–12 Kerry 0–9 Croke Park 82,243 3
2016[21] 1 October Dublin 1–15 Mayo 1–14 Croke Park 82,249 1
2017 17 September Dublin 1–17 Mayo 1–16 Croke Park 82,243 1
Notes[edit]
A Originally, a goal outweighed any number of points. In 1892, the value of a goal was set at five points; this was reduced to three in 1896.
B The 1894 replay was abandoned after Dublin walked off when some of their players were assaulted by Cork supporters. Cork led by two points at the time, but Dublin were awarded the championship as Cork were deemed to have been responsible for the abandonment.
C The 1910 final was scratched and Louth were awarded the championship after Kerry refused to travel to Dublin as the Great Southern and Western Railway would not sell tickets to their fans at reduced rates.
D Some confusion surrounds 1925. Kerry beat Cavan 1–7 to 2–3 in the semi-final. One source contends that, after an objection by Cavan and counter-objection by Kerry, both sides were disqualified. Another suggests that Cavan won that appeal and then lost to Galway in the final.[22]
See also[edit]
List of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship finals
List of National Football League (Ireland) finals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ McGee, Eugene (6 February 2006). "First signs that Mayo might be set to turn back the clock". Irish Independent. Independent News & Media. Retrieved 6 February 2006.
Jump up ^ Moran, Seán (26 May 2013). "Donegal hoping to avoid being fifth All-Ireland champions in 20 years to fall at first hurdle in Ulster: Uneasy lies the head that wears the northern crown". The Irish Times. Irish Times Trust. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Paul (27 June 2016). "The Recipe For Qualifier Success - By The Managers Who've Actually Done It". Balls.ie. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Corry, E., 2005. The GAA Book of Lists. Dublin. Hodder Headline Ireland. pp.371–412
Jump up ^ "The heroes of '92 - Where are they now?". Donegal Democrat. Johnston Press. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Whyte, Barry J. (15 September 2006). "Kerry v Mayo Classics: 1997 SFC final". RTÉ Sport. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 15 September 2006.
Jump up ^ "Kerry claim All-Ireland title". BBC Sport. BBC. 7 October 2000.
Jump up ^ "Twelve remain in football championship". Hogan Stand. 17 July 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2007. They last met in the championship in the 2001 All-Ireland final when Galway powered their way to a nine-point win (0-17 to 0-8) over their fancied opponents.
Jump up ^ Murray, Shane (22 September 2002). "Armagh stun Kerry to claim first All-Ireland". RTÉ Sport. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 22 September 2002.
Jump up ^ "Tyrone are All-Ireland champions". BBC Sport. BBC. 28 September 2003. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Breheny, Martin (27 September 2004). "Croker rout as Kerry go heavy on Mayo". Irish Independent. Independent News & Media. Retrieved 27 September 2004.
Jump up ^ "Tyrone are 2005 All-Ireland senior football champions". Hogan Stand. 25 September 2005. Retrieved 25 September 2005.
Jump up ^ "Kerry 4-15 3-5 Mayo". BBC Sport. 17 September 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "2007 All-Ireland SFC final: Kerry trounce sad Cork". Hogan Stand. 16 September 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Murray, Shane (21 September 2008). "Kerry 0-14 Tyrone 1-15 matchtracker". RTÉ Sport. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Tasker, Belinda (21 September 2009). "Kennelly enjoys 'emotional' Dublin win". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Leen, Tony (20 September 2010). "Rebels bring Sam home". Irish Examiner. Thomas Crosbie Holdings. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Cluxton the hero as Dublin win All-Ireland". RTÉ Sport. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Duggan, Keith (24 September 2012). "Sam heads for the hills as Donegal turn perceived football wisdom on its head". The Irish Times. Irish Times Trust. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dublin beat Mayo by a point in All-Ireland football final". BBC Sport. BBC. 22 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Recap: read how Dublin won Croke Park nail-biter". RTÉ Sport. RTÉ. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
Jump up ^ GAA Archived 2008-08-23 at the Wayback Machine.
[hide]
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Records and statistics
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Seasons
1887
1888
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2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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2018
Finals
1887
1888
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1891
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1893
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1911
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1932
1933
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1936
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1939
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2014
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Connacht Championship
Leinster Championship
Munster Championship
Ulster Championship
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FIFA World Player of the Year
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the men's player of the year award from 1991–2009, and the women's player of the year award from 2001–2015. For the men's player of the year award from 2010–2015, see FIFA Ballon d'Or. For the men's award since 2016, see The Best FIFA Men's Player. For the women's award since 2016, see The Best FIFA Women's Player.
Brazilians Ronaldo and Marta, the youngest recipients at age 20, won three and five awards respectively.
The FIFA World Player of the Year was an association football award presented annually by the sport's governing body, FIFA, between 1991 and 2015. Originally an honour awarded to world's best men's player from 1991–2000, it was awarded to both men and women from 2001–2009. After 2010, it has been presented exclusively to the best women's player. Coaches and captains of international teams and media representatives selected the player they deem to have performed the best in the previous calendar year.
During the men's era, Brazilian players won 8 out of 19 years, compared to three wins – the second most – for French players. In terms of individual players, Brazil again led with five, followed by Italy and Portugal with two each.[1][2] The youngest winner was Ronaldo, who won at 20 years old in 1996, and the oldest winner was Fabio Cannavaro, who won aged 33 in 2006.[3][4] Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane each won the award three times, while Ronaldo and Ronaldinho were the only players to win in successive years. From 2010 to 2015, the equivalent men's award was the FIFA Ballon d'Or.[5][6]
Eight women's footballers – three Germans, three Americans, one Brazilian, and one Japanese – have won the award. Marta, the youngest recipient at age 20 in 2006, has won five successive awards, the most of any player. Birgit Prinz won three times in a row and Mia Hamm won twice in a row. The oldest winner is Nadine Angerer, who was 35 when she won in 2013; she is also the only goalkeeper of either sex to win.
Contents
[hide]
1 Voting and selection process
2 FIFA World Player of the Year
2.1 Wins by player
2.2 Wins by country
2.3 Wins by club
3 FIFA Women's World Player of the Year
3.1 Wins by player
3.2 Wins by country
3.3 Wins by club
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
Voting and selection process[edit]
The winners are chosen by the coaches and captains of national teams as well as by international media representatives invited by FIFA.[7] In a voting system based on positional voting, each voter is allotted three votes, worth five points, three points and one point, and the three finalists are ordered based on total number of points. Following criticism from some sections of the media over nominations in previous years, FIFA has since 2004 provided shortlists from which its voters can select their choices.[8]
FIFA World Player of the Year[edit]
Year
Rank
Player
Team
1991 1st Lothar Matthäus Internazionale
2nd Jean-Pierre Papin Marseille
3rd Gary Lineker Tottenham Hotspur
1992 1st Marco van Basten Milan
2nd Hristo Stoichkov Barcelona
3rd Thomas Häßler Roma
1993 1st Roberto Baggio Juventus
2nd Romário Barcelona
3rd Dennis Bergkamp Internazionale
1994 1st Romário Barcelona
2nd Hristo Stoichkov Barcelona
3rd Roberto Baggio Juventus
1995 1st George Weah[note 1] Milan
2nd Paolo Maldini Milan
3rd Jürgen Klinsmann[note 2] Bayern Munich
1996 1st Ronaldo[note 3] Barcelona
2nd George Weah Milan
3rd Alan Shearer[note 4] Newcastle United
1997 1st Ronaldo Internazionale
2nd Roberto Carlos Real Madrid
3rd Dennis Bergkamp Arsenal
Zinedine Zidane Juventus
1998 1st Zinedine Zidane Juventus
2nd Ronaldo Internazionale
3rd Davor Šuker Real Madrid
1999 1st Rivaldo Barcelona
2nd David Beckham Manchester United
3rd Gabriel Batistuta Fiorentina
2000 1st Zinedine Zidane Juventus
2nd Luís Figo[note 5] Real Madrid
3rd Rivaldo Barcelona
2001 1st Luís Figo Real Madrid
2nd David Beckham Manchester United
3rd Raúl Real Madrid
2002 1st Ronaldo[note 6] Real Madrid
2nd Oliver Kahn Bayern Munich
3rd Zinedine Zidane Real Madrid
2003 1st Zinedine Zidane Real Madrid
2nd Thierry Henry Arsenal
3rd Ronaldo Real Madrid
2004 1st Ronaldinho Barcelona
2nd Thierry Henry Arsenal
3rd Andriy Shevchenko Milan
2005 1st Ronaldinho Barcelona
2nd Frank Lampard Chelsea
3rd Samuel Eto'o Barcelona
2006 1st Fabio Cannavaro[note 7] Real Madrid
2nd Zinedine Zidane Real Madrid
3rd Ronaldinho Barcelona
2007 1st Kaká Milan
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona
3rd Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United
2008 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona
3rd Fernando Torres Liverpool
2009 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo[note 8] Manchester United
3rd Xavi Barcelona
Source:[1]
From 2010 to 2015, the world's best player was awarded the FIFA Ballon d'Or. In 2016, FIFA created The Best FIFA Men's Player to honour the best player around the world.
Wins by player[edit]
Player
1st
2nd
3rd
Zinedine Zidane
3 (1998, 2000, 2003) 1 (2006) 2 (1997, 2002)
Ronaldo
3 (1996, 1997, 2002) 1 (1998) 1 (2003)
Ronaldinho
2 (2004, 2005) — 1 (2006)
Lionel Messi
1 (2009) 2 (2007, 2008) —
Cristiano Ronaldo
1 (2008) 1 (2009) 1 (2007)
Luís Figo
1 (2001) 1 (2000) —
Romário
1 (1994) 1 (1993) —
George Weah
1 (1995) 1 (1996) —
Roberto Baggio
1 (1993) — 1 (1994)
Rivaldo
1 (1999) — 1 (2000)
Lothar Matthäus
1 (1991) — —
Marco van Basten
1 (1992) — —
Fabio Cannavaro
1 (2006) — —
Kaká
1 (2007) — —
Wins by country[edit]
Country
Players
Total
Brazil
5 8
Italy
2 2
Portugal
2 2
France
1 3
Germany
1 1
Netherlands
1 1
Liberia
1 1
Argentina
1 1
Wins by club[edit]
Club
Players
Total
Barcelona
5 6
Real Madrid
4 4
Milan
3 3
Juventus
2 3
Internazionale
2 2
Manchester United
1 1
FIFA Women's World Player of the Year[edit]
Year
Rank
Player
Team
2001 1st Mia Hamm Washington Freedom
2nd Sun Wen Atlanta Beat
3rd Tiffeny Milbrett New York Power
2002 1st Mia Hamm Washington Freedom
2nd Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd Sun Wen Atlanta Beat
2003 1st Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
2nd Mia Hamm Washington Freedom
3rd Hanna Ljungberg Umeå IK
2004 1st Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
2nd Mia Hamm Washington Freedom
3rd Marta Umeå IK
2005 1st Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
2nd Marta Umeå IK
3rd Shannon Boxx Unattached
2006 1st Marta Umeå IK
2nd Kristine Lilly KIF Örebro DFF
3rd Renate Lingor 1. FFC Frankfurt
2007 1st Marta Umeå IK
2nd Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd Cristiane VfL Wolfsburg
2008 1st Marta Umeå IK
2nd Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd Cristiane[note 9] Corinthians
2009 1st Marta[note 10] Santos
2nd Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd Kelly Smith[note 11] Boston Breakers
2010 1st Marta Santos
2nd Birgit Prinz 1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd Fatmire Bajramaj 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam
2011 1st Homare Sawa INAC Kobe Leonessa
2nd Marta[note 12] Western New York Flash
3rd Abby Wambach magicJack
2012 1st Abby Wambach Unattached
2nd Marta Tyresö FF
3rd Alex Morgan Seattle Sounders Women
2013 1st Nadine Angerer[note 13] Brisbane Roar
2nd Abby Wambach Western New York Flash
3rd Marta Tyresö FF
2014 1st Nadine Keßler VfL Wolfsburg
2nd Marta[note 14] FC Rosengård
3rd Abby Wambach Western New York Flash
2015 1st Carli Lloyd Houston Dash
2nd Célia Šašić 1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd Aya Miyama Okayama Yunogo Belle
Source:[1]
In 2016, FIFA created The Best FIFA Women's Player award instead.
Wins by player[edit]
Player
1st
2nd
3rd
Marta
5 (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) 4 (2005, 2011, 2012, 2014) 2 (2004, 2013)
Birgit Prinz
3 (2003, 2004, 2005) 5 (2002, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) —
Mia Hamm
2 (2001, 2002) 2 (2003, 2004) —
Abby Wambach
1 (2012) 1 (2013) 2 (2011, 2014)
Homare Sawa
1 (2011) — —
Nadine Angerer
1 (2013) — —
Nadine Keßler
1 (2014) — —
Carli Lloyd
1 (2015) — —
Wins by country[edit]
Country
Players
Total
Germany
3 5
Brazil
1 5
United States
3 4
Japan
1 1
Wins by club[edit]
Club
Players
Total
1. FFC Frankfurt
1 3
Umeå IK
1 3
Washington Freedom
1 2
Santos
1 2
INAC Kobe Leonessa
1 1
Brisbane Roar
1 1
VfL Wolfsburg
1 1
Houston Dash
1 1
See also[edit]
Women's association football portal
Ballon d'Or
FIFA Ballon d'Or
The Best FIFA Football Awards
FIFPro World XI
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Weah was signed by Milan from Paris Saint-Germain midway through 1995.
Jump up ^ Klinsmann was signed by Bayern Munich from Tottenham Hotspur midway through 1995.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Barcelona from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1996.
Jump up ^ Shearer was signed by Newcastle United from Blackburn Rovers midway through 1996.
Jump up ^ Figo was signed by Real Madrid from Barcelona midway through 2000.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Internazionale midway through 2002.
Jump up ^ Cannavaro was signed by Real Madrid from Juventus midway through 2006.
Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Manchester United midway through 2009.
Jump up ^ Cristiane was signed by Corinthians from Linköpings F.C. midway through 2008.
Jump up ^ Marta was signed by Santos from Los Angeles Sol midway through 2009.
Jump up ^ Smith was signed by Boston Breakers from Arsenal Ladies midway through 2009.
Jump up ^ Marta was signed by Western New York Flash from Santos midway through 2011.
Jump up ^ Angerer was signed by Brisbane Roar from 1. FFC Frankfurt midway through 2013.
Jump up ^ Marta was signed by FC Rosengård from Tyresö FF midway through 2014.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "FACTSheet FIFA awards" (PDF). FIFA. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "FIFA Awards". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 1 April 2013
Jump up ^ "Brazil legend Ronaldo retires from football". BBC. Retrieved 17 November 2013
Jump up ^ "Cannavaro discusses highs and lows". Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 18 November 2013
Jump up ^ "The FIFA Ballon d'Or is born". FIFA.com. Retrieved 12 January 2016
Jump up ^ "FIFA Ballon d'Or World Player of the Year: Award History". FIFA.com. Retrieved 12 January 2016
Jump up ^ "Messi, Lloyd, Luis Enrique and Ellis triumph at FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015". FIFA. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ FIFA.com - Thirty-five stars make Zurich shortlist
[show]
v
t
e
FIFA Player of the Year
FIFA World Player of the Year
1991: Matthäus
1992: Van Basten
1993: Baggio
1994: Romário
1995: Weah
1996: Ronaldo
1997: Ronaldo
1998: Zidane
1999: Rivaldo
2000: Zidane
2001: Figo
2002: Ronaldo
2003: Zidane
2004: Ronaldinho
2005: Ronaldinho
2006: Cannavaro
2007: Kaká
2008: C. Ronaldo
2009: Messi
FIFA Ballon d'Or
2010: Messi
2011: Messi
2012: Messi
2013: C. Ronaldo
2014: C. Ronaldo
2015: Messi
The Best FIFA Men's Player
2016: C. Ronaldo
2017: TBA
See also: Ballon d'Or
[show]
v
t
e
FIFA Women's Player of the Year
FIFA Women's World Player of the Year
2001: Hamm
2002: Hamm
2003: Prinz
2004: Prinz
2005: Prinz
2006: Marta
2007: Marta
2008: Marta
2009: Marta
2010: Marta
2011: Sawa
2012: Wambach
2013: Angerer
2014: Keßler
2015: Lloyd
The Best FIFA Women's Player
2016: Lloyd
2017: TBA
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIFA_World_Player_of_the_Year&oldid=804706651"
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