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Dachshund
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"Wiener-Dog" redirects here. For the 2016 American comedy film, see Wiener-Dog (film).
Dachshund
A red, smooth, standard-sized dachshund
Common nicknames
Teckel (BNL/FR/GER), Dackel (GER), Weenie Dog (US) (S.Am.), Wiener Dog/Hotdog (US), Sausage Dog (UK/US/AUS/ZA), Salsichinha (BR), Bassotto (I), Sosis (TR), Perro Salchicha (ES/MX), Worshond (ZA), Taksis (LV), Jamnik (PL), Badger Dog (literal translation), Tax (SE)
Origin
Germany
[hide]Traits
Litter size
4–8
Life span
12.7 years (median age)[1]
[hide]Classification / standards
FCI
Group 4, Section 1 Dachshunds #148 standard
AKC
Hound standard
ANKC
Group 4 – (Hounds) [miniature wire-haired standard]
CKC
Hounds
NZKC
[long-haired
smooth-haired
wire-haired
miniature long-haired
miniature smooth-haired
miniature wire-haired standard]
UKC
Scenthound Breeds standard
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
The dachshund (UK: /ˈdæksənd/ or US: /ˈdɑːkshʊnt/ DAHKS-huunt or /ˈdɑːksənt/[2]) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.
The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits. In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.
Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC). According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Classification
3 Characteristics
3.1 Appearance
3.1.1 Coat and color
3.1.2 Size
3.1.3 Eye color
3.2 Temperament
4 Health
4.1 Inbreeding depression
5 History
6 Symbol of Germany
7 Sports
8 Dackel versus Teckel
9 Popularity
10 Notable dogs and owners
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links
Etymology[edit]
A smooth dachshund
A standard long-haired dachshund
A black and tan miniature dachshund
The name "dachshund" is of German origin and literally means "badger dog," from Dachs ("badger") and Hund ("hound, dog"). The pronunciation varies widely in English: variations of the first and second syllables include /ˈdɑːks-/, /ˈdæks-/ and /-hʊnt/, /-hʊnd/, /-ənd/. Although "dachshund" is a German word, in modern German they are more commonly known by the name Dackel or, among hunters, Teckel. The German word is pronounced [ˈdakshʊnt].[4]
Because of their long, narrow build, they are often nicknamed wiener dog or sausage dog. "Dachshund" may be erroneously pronounced and/or spelled "dash hound," "dash-hound," or "dashound" by some English speakers.
Classification[edit]
While classified in the hound group or scent hound group in the United States and Great Britain, the breed actually has its own group in the countries which belong to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (World Canine Federation).[5] Many dachshunds, especially the wire-haired subtype, may exhibit behavior and appearance that are similar to that of the terrier group of dogs.[6] An argument can be made for the scent (or hound) group classification because the breed was developed to use scent to trail and hunt animals, and probably descended from the Saint Hubert Hound like many modern scent hound breed such as bloodhounds and Basset Hounds; but with the persistent personality and love for digging that probably developed from the terrier, it can also be argued that they could belong in the terrier, or "earth dog", group.[6]
Characteristics[edit]
Appearance[edit]
A wire-haired dachshund
A typical dachshund is long-bodied and muscular with short, stubby legs. Its front paws are unusually large and paddle-shaped for extreme digging. It has skin that is loose enough not to tear while tunneling in tight burrows to chase prey. The dachshund has a deep chest that provides increased lung capacity for stamina when hunting prey underground. Its snout is long with an increased nose area that absorbs odors.[7] Inasmuch as the Dachshund is a hunting dog, scars from honorable wounds shall not be considered a fault.[8]
Coat and color[edit]
A redhaired miniature dachshund
There are three dachshund coat varieties: smooth coat (short hair), longhaired, and wirehaired.[9] Longhaired dachshunds have a silky coat and short featherings on legs and ears. Wirehaired dachshunds are the least common coat variety in the US (it is the most common in Germany) and the most recent coat to appear in breeding standards.[9] Dachshunds have a wide variety of colors and patterns. Their base coloration can be single-colored (either red or cream), tan pointed (black and tan, chocolate and tan, blue and tan, or Isabella and tan), and in wirehaired dogs, a color referred to as wildboar. Patterns such as dapple (merle), sable, brindle and piebald also can occur on any of the base colors. Dachshunds in the same litter may be born in different coat colors depending on the genetic makeup of the parents. The dominant color in the breed is red, followed by black and tan. Tan pointed dogs have tan (or cream) markings over the eyes, ears, paws, and tail. The reds range from coppers to deep rusts, with or without somewhat common black hairs peppered along the back, face and ear edges, lending much character and an almost burnished appearance; this is referred to among breeders and enthusiasts as an "overlay" or "sabling". Sabling should not be confused with a more unusual coat color referred to as sable. At a distance, a sable dachshund looks somewhat like a black and tan dog. Upon closer examination, however, one can observe that along the top of the dog's body, each hair is actually banded with red at the base near the skin transitioning to mostly black along the length of the strand. An additional striking coat marking is the brindle pattern. "Brindle" refers to dark stripes over a solid background—usually red. If a dachshund is brindled on a dark coat and has tan points, it will have brindling on the tan points only. Even one single, lone stripe of brindle is a brindle. If a dachshund has one single spot of dapple, it is a dapple.
The Dachshund Club of America (DCA) and the American Kennel Club (AKC) consider both the piebald pattern and the double dapple (double merle) pattern to be nonstandard. However, both types continue to be shown and sometimes even win in the conformation ring.
Dogs that are double-dappled have the merle pattern of a dapple, but with distinct white patches that occur when the dapple gene expresses itself twice in the same area of the coat. The DCA excluded the wording "double-dapple" from the standard in 2007 and now strictly use the wording "dapple" as the double dapple gene is commonly responsible for blindness and deafness.
There are three types of dachshund, which can be classified by their coats: short-haired, called 'smooth'; long-haired; and wire-haired
A wirehaired dachshund
A smooth dachshund
A longhaired dachshund

Examples of different types of dapple patterning
Dapple and tan dachshund.
Black and tan dapple smooth-haired miniature dachshund with one blue eye and one brown eye
A parti dapple longhaired dachshund
A black and tan miniature dachshund with brindle markings
Size[edit]
Dachshunds come in three sizes: standard, miniature,[9] and kaninchen (German for "rabbit"). Although the standard and miniature sizes are recognized almost universally, the rabbit size is not recognized by clubs in the United States and the United Kingdom. The rabbit size is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (World Canine Federation) (FCI), which contain kennel clubs from 83 countries all over the world.[10] An increasingly common size for family pets falls between the miniature and the standard size, frequently referred to as "tweenies," not an official classification.[11]
A full-grown standard dachshund averages 16 lb (7.3 kg) to 32 lb (15 kg), while the miniature variety normally weighs less than 12 lb (5.4 kg).[9] The kaninchen weighs 8 lb (3.6 kg) to 11 lb (5.0 kg). According to kennel club standards, the miniature (and kaninchen, where recognized) differs from the full-size only by size and weight, thus offspring from miniature parents must never weigh more than the miniature standard to be considered a miniature as well.[9] While many kennel club size divisions use weight for classification, such as the American Kennel Club, other kennel club standards determine the difference between the miniature and standard by chest circumference; some kennel clubs, such as in Germany, even measure chest circumference in addition to height and weight.[12]
H. L. Mencken said that "A dachshund is a half-dog high and a dog-and-a-half long,"[13] although they have been referred to as "two dogs long".[14] This characteristic has led them to be quite a recognizable breed, and they are featured in many a joke and cartoon, particularly The Far Side by Gary Larson.[15]
Eye color[edit]
Red piebald long hair miniature dachshund puppy
Light-colored dachshunds can sport amber, light brown, or green eyes; however, kennel club standards state that the darker the eye color, the better. They can also have eyes of two different colors; however, this is only found in dapple and double dapple dachshunds.[16] Dachshunds can have a blue and a brown eye. Blue eyes, partially blue eyes, or a blue eye and a brown eye are called "wall" coloring, and are considered a non-desirable trait in kennel club standards. Dappled eyes are also possible.
Wall-eye is permissible according to DCA standards. Piebald-patterned dachshunds will never have blue in their eyes, unless the dapple pattern is present.
Temperament[edit]
Dachshunds are playful, but as hunting dogs can be quite stubborn,[17] and are known for their propensity for chasing small animals, birds, and tennis balls with great determination and ferocity.[18][19][20] Many dachshunds are stubborn, making them a challenge to train.[19][21][22][23][24]
Being the owner of dachshunds, to me a book on dog discipline becomes a volume of inspired humor. Every sentence is a riot. Some day, if I ever get a chance, I shall write a book, or warning, on the character and temperament of the dachshund and why he can't be trained and shouldn't be. I would rather train a striped zebra to balance an Indian club than induce a dachshund to heed my slightest command. When I address Fred I never have to raise either my voice or my hopes. He even disobeys me when I instruct him in something he wants to do.
—  E. B. White[25][26]
Dachshunds are statistically more aggressive to both strangers and other dogs.[27] Despite this, they are rated in the intelligence of dogs as an average working dog with a persistent ability to follow trained commands 50% of the time or more.[28] They rank 49th in Stanley Coren's Intelligence of Dogs, being of average working and obedience intelligence. They can have a loud bark. Some bark quite a lot and may need training to stop, while others will not bark much at all.[19][20] Dachshunds are known for their devotion and loyalty to their owners,[20][29] though they can be standoffish towards strangers.[18] If left alone, many dachshunds will whine until they have companionship. Like many dogs if left alone too frequently, some dachshunds are prone to separation anxiety and may chew objects in the house to relieve stress.
Dachshunds are burrowers by nature and are likely to burrow in blankets and other items around the house, when bored or tired.
Mini dachshund displaying typical burrowing behavior
Dachshunds can be difficult to housebreak, and patience and consistency is often needed in this endeavor.[19][21][21][30]
Dachshund puppy
A climbing dachshund
According to the American Kennel Club's breed standards, "the dachshund is clever, lively and courageous to the point of rashness, persevering in above and below ground work, with all the senses well-developed. Any display of shyness is a serious fault."[31] Their temperament and body language give the impression that they do not know or care about their relatively small size. Like many small hunting dogs, they will challenge a larger dog. Indulged dachshunds may become snappy or extremely obstinate.[19][21][32]
Many dachshunds do not like unfamiliar people, and many will growl or bark at them.[18][33] Although the dachshund is generally an energetic dog, some are sedate. This dog's behavior is such that it is not the dog for everyone. A bored, untrained dachshund will become destructive.[18] If raised improperly and not socialized at a young age, dachshunds can become aggressive or fearful.[19] They require a caring, loving owner who understands their need for entertainment and exercise.
Dachshunds may not be the best pets for small children. Like any dog, dachshunds need a proper introduction at a young age. Well trained dachshunds and well behaved children usually get along fine. Otherwise, they may be aggressive and bite an unfamiliar child, especially one that moves quickly around them or teases them.[19][20][21] However, many dachshunds are very tolerant and loyal to children within their family, but these children should be mindful of the vulnerability of the breed's back.
A 2008 University of Pennsylvania study of 6,000 dog owners who were interviewed indicated that dogs of smaller breeds were more likely to be "genetically predisposed towards aggressive behaviour". Dachshunds were rated the most aggressive, with 20% having bitten strangers, as well as high rates of attacks on other dogs and their owners. The study noted that attacks by small dogs were unlikely to cause serious injuries and because of this were probably under-reported.[34][35]
Health[edit]
Two dachshund puppies
The breed is prone to spinal problems, especially intervertebral disk disease (IVDD), due in part to an extremely long spinal column and short rib cage.[36] The risk of injury may be worsened by obesity, jumping, rough handling, or intense exercise, which place greater strain on the vertebrae. About 20–25% of Dachshunds will develop IVDD.[37]
Treatment consists of combinations of crate confinement and courses of anti-inflammatory medications (steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like carprofen and meloxicam), or chronic pain medications, like tramadol. Serious cases may require surgery to remove the troublesome disk contents.[38] A dog may need the aid of a cart to get around if paralysis occurs.
A new minimally invasive procedure called "percutaneous laser disk ablation" has been developed at the Oklahoma State University Veterinary Hospital.[39] Originally, the procedure[40] was used in clinical trials[40] only on dachshunds that had suffered previous back incidents. Since dachshunds are prone to back issues, the goal is to expand this treatment to dogs in a normal population.
In addition to back problems, the breed is also prone to patellar luxation which is where the kneecap can become dislodged.[41] Dachshunds may also be affected by Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease). The condition seems to be mainly limited to wire-haired Dachshunds, with 17% being carriers.[42] A genetic test is available to allow breeders to avoid breeding carriers to carriers. In such pairings, each puppy will have a 25% chance of being affected.[43]
In some double dapples, there are varying degrees of vision and hearing loss, including reduced or absent eyes.[44] Not all double dapples have problems with their eyes and/or ears, which may include degrees of hearing loss, full deafness, malformed ears, congenital eye defects, reduced or absent eyes, partial or full blindness, or varying degrees of both vision and hearing problems; but heightened problems can occur due to the genetic process in which two dapple genes cross, particularly in certain breeding lines. Dapple genes, which are dominant genes, are considered "dilution" genes, meaning whatever color the dog would have originally carried is lightened, or diluted, randomly; two dominant "dilution" genes can cancel each other out, or "cross", removing all color and producing a white recessive gene, essentially a white mutation.[45] When this happens genetically within the eyes or ears, this white mutation can be lethal to their development, causing hearing or vision problems.
Other dachshund health problems include hereditary epilepsy,[46] granulomatous meningoencephalitis, dental issues, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid[46] and autoimmune problems,[47] various allergies[48] and atopies, and various eye conditions including cataracts, glaucoma, progressive retinal atrophy,[46] corneal ulcers, nonucerative corneal disease, sudden acquired retinal degeneration, and cherry eye. Dachshunds are also 2.5 times more likely than other breeds of dogs to develop patent ductus arteriosus, a congenital heart defect. Dilute color dogs (Blue, Isabella, and Fawn) are very susceptible to Color Dilution Alopecia, a skin disorder that can result in hair loss and extreme sensitivity to sun. Since the occurrence and severity of these health problems is largely hereditary, breeders are working to eliminate these.
Inbreeding depression[edit]
Factors influencing the litter size of puppies and the proportion of stillborn puppies per litter were analyzed in normally sized German dachshunds.[49] The records analyzed contained data on 42,855 litters. It was found that as the inbreeding coefficient increased, litter size decreased and the percentage of stillborn puppies increased, thus indicating inbreeding depression. It was also found that young and older dams had smaller litter sizes and more stillborn puppies than middle-aged dams.
History[edit]
Old-style dachshund showing the longer legs
Illustration of dachshund baying a European badger
Some writers and dachshund experts[50] have theorized that the early roots of the dachshund go back to ancient Egypt, where engravings were made featuring short-legged hunting dogs.[51] Recent discoveries by the American University in Cairo of mummified dachshund-like dogs from ancient Egyptian burial urns may lend credibility to this theory.[citation needed] In its modern incarnation, the dachshund is a creation of German breeders and includes elements of German, French, and English hounds and terriers. Dachshunds have been kept by royal courts all over Europe, including that of Queen Victoria, who was particularly enamored of the breed.[52]
The first verifiable references to the dachshund, originally named the "Dachs Kriecher" ("badger crawler") or "Dachs Krieger" ("badger warrior"), came from books written in the early 18th century.[53] Prior to that, there exist references to "badger dogs" and "hole dogs", but these likely refer to purposes rather than to specific breeds. The original German dachshunds were larger than the modern full-size variety, weighing between 14 and 18 kg (31 and 40 lb), and originally came in straight-legged and crook-legged varieties (the modern dachshund is descended from the latter). Though the breed is famous for its use in exterminating badgers and badger-baiting, dachshunds were also commonly used for rabbit and fox hunting, for locating wounded deer, and in packs were known to hunt game as large as wild boar and as fierce as the wolverine.[citation needed]
There are huge differences of opinion as to when dachshunds were specifically bred for their purpose of badger hunting, as the American Kennel Club states the dachshund was bred in the 15th century, while the Dachshund Club of America states that foresters bred the dogs in the 18th or 19th century.
Double-dapple dachshunds, which are prone to eye disease, blindness, or hearing problems, are generally believed to have been introduced to the United States between 1879 and 1885.[citation needed]
The flap-down ears and famous curved tail of the dachshund have deliberately been bred into the dog. In the case of the ears, this is to keep grass seeds, dirt, and other matter from entering the ear canal. The curved tail is dual-purposed: to be seen more easily in long grass and, in the case of burrowing dachshunds, to help haul the dog out if it becomes stuck in a burrow.[7] The smooth-haired dachshund, the oldest style, may be a cross between the German Shorthaired Pointer, a Pinscher, and a Bracke (a type of bloodhound), or to have been produced by crossing a short Bruno Jura Hound with a pinscher.[24] Others believe it was a cross from a miniature French pointer and a pinscher; others claim that it was developed from the St. Hubert Hound, also a bloodhound, in the 18th century,[54] and still others believe that they were descended from Basset Hounds, based upon their scent abilities and general appearance.[50]
The exact origins of the dachshund are therefore unknown. According to William Loeffler, from The American Book of the Dog (1891), in the chapter on dachshunds: "The origin of the Dachshund is in doubt, our best authorities disagreeing as to the beginning of the breed."[50] What can be agreed on, however, is that the short-haired dachshund gave rise to both the long-haired and the wire-haired varieties.
There are two theories about how the standard longhair dachshund came about. One theory is that smooth Dachshunds would occasionally produce puppies which had slightly longer hair than their parents. By selectively breeding these animals, breeders eventually produced a dog which consistently produced longhair offspring, and the longhair dachshund was born. Another theory is that the standard longhair dachshund was developed by breeding smooth dachshunds with various land and water spaniels. The long-haired dachshund may be a cross among any of the small dog breeds in the spaniel group, including the German Stoberhund, and the smooth-haired dachshund.[24]
The wire-haired dachshund, the last to develop, was bred in the late 19th century. There is a possibility the wire-haired dachshund was a cross between the smooth dachshund and various hard-coated terriers and wire-haired pinschers, such as the Schnauzer, the Dandie Dinmont Terrier, the German Wirehaired Pointer, or perhaps the Scottish Terrier.[24][55]
Symbol of Germany[edit]
Dachshunds have traditionally been viewed as a symbol of Germany. Political cartoonists commonly used the image of the dachshund to ridicule Germany.[56] During World War I the dachshunds' popularity in the United States plummeted because of this association. As a result, they were often called "liberty hounds" by their owners similar to "liberty cabbage" becoming a term for sauerkraut mostly in North America.[57] The stigma of the association was revived to a lesser extent during World War II, though it was comparatively short-lived. Kaiser Wilhelm II and German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel were known for keeping dachshunds.
Due to the association of the breed with Germany, as well as its popularity among dog keepers in Munich, the dachshund was chosen to be the first official mascot for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, with the name Waldi.[58]
Sports[edit]
A short haired dachshund in organized race
Some people train and enter their dachshund to compete in dachshund races, such as the Wiener Nationals. Several races across the United States routinely draw several thousand attendees, including races in Germantown, Tennessee; Bossier City, Louisiana; Buda, Texas; Davis, California; Phoenix, Arizona; Los Alamitos, California; Findlay, Ohio; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Kansas City, Kansas; Palo Alto, California; and Shakopee, Minnesota. There is also an annual dachshund run in Kennywood, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, called the Wiener 100, and in Huntington, West Virginia called the Dachshund Dash.
Despite the popularity of these events, the Dachshund Club of America opposes "wiener racing", as many greyhound tracks use the events to draw large crowds to their facilities. The DCA is also worried about potential injuries to dogs, due to their predisposition to back injuries. Another favorite sport is earthdog trials, in which dachshunds enter tunnels with dead ends and obstacles attempting to locate an artificial bait or live but caged and protected rats.[59]
Dackel versus Teckel[edit]
In Germany, dachshunds are widely called Dackel (both singular and plural). Among hunters, they are mainly referred to as Teckel. There are kennels which specialize in breeding hunting dachshunds, the so-called jagdliche Leistungszucht ("hunting performance breed") or Gebrauchshundezucht ("working dog breed"), as opposed to breeding family dogs. Therefore, it is sometimes incorrectly believed that Teckel is either a name for the hunting breed or a mark for passing the test for a trained hunting dog (called "VGP", "Verband-Gebrauchsprüfung") in Germany.[60]
Popularity[edit]
Dachshunds are one of the most popular dogs in the United States, ranking 13th in the 2016 AKC registration statistics.[61] They are popular with urban and apartment dwellers, ranking among the top ten most popular breeds in 76 of 190 major US cities surveyed by the AKC.[62] One will find varying degrees of organized local dachshund clubs in most major American cities, including New York, New Orleans, Portland, Los Angeles, and Chicago.
In Art
Die Dackelfamilie mit Jäger und Magd (The Dachshund family with Hunter and maid) by Adolf Eberle
Jean-Baptiste Oudry – Dachshund with Gun and Dead Game, 1740
How will it end? Wie wird es enden? c. 1900.
German postcard with inscription "This beer belongs to my master!" c. 1900.
Notable dogs and owners[edit]
John F. Kennedy bought a dachshund puppy while touring Europe in 1937 for his then girlfriend Olivia. The puppy, named Dunker, never left Germany after Kennedy started to get terrible allergies.[63]
Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President, had a dachshund in the White House.[64]
William Randolph Hearst was an avid lover of dachshunds. When his own dachshund Helena died, he eulogized her in his "In The News" column.[65]
Fred, E.B. White's dachshund, appeared in many of his famous essays.[66]
Lump, the pet of Pablo Picasso, who was thought to have inspired some of his artwork. (Pronounced: loomp; German for "Rascal") Picasso & Lump: A Dachshund's Odyssey tells the story of Picasso and Lump.
Jack Ruby, the killer of Lee Harvey Oswald, had a dachshund named Sheba, which he often referred to as his wife.[67] At the time he committed his infamous murder, he had four of them—although he once had as many as ten.[67]
Andy Warhol had a pair of dachshunds, Archie and Amos, whom he depicted in his paintings and mentioned frequently in his diaries.[68]
Stanley and Boodgie, immortalized on canvas by owner David Hockney, and published in the book David Hockney's Dog Days.[69]
Wadl and Hexl, Kaiser Wilhelm II's famous ferocious pair. Upon arriving at Archduke Franz Ferdinand's country seat, château Konopiště, on a semi-official visit, they promptly proceeded to do away with one of the Austro-Hungarian heir presumptive's priceless golden pheasants, thereby almost causing an international incident.[70] Another one of his beloved dachshunds, Senta, is currently buried at Huis Doorn, Wilhelm's manor in the Netherlands.[71]
Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld was asked, in 2003, whether he has duct tape, plastic sheeting, and a three-day supply of bottled water at home. He replied, "I would like to say I did. I don't believe we do. But I do have a miniature dachshund named Reggie who looks out for us."[72]
In Zelenogorsk, Russia, is a Dachshund monument near which passes a parade of Dachshunds on City Day, 25 July.[73]
Joe was the dachshund of General Claire Lee Chennault, commander of the Flying Tigers and then the China Air Task Force of the US Army Air Forces, and became the mascot of those organizations.[74]
Maxie, a dachshund owned by actress Marie Prevost, tried to awaken his dead mistress, who was found with small bites on her legs. Maxie's barking eventually summoned neighbours to the scene. The incident inspired the 1977 Nick Lowe song "Marie Prevost".[75]
Liliane Kaufmann, wife of Edgar J. Kaufmann who commissioned the home Fallingwater from Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935, was a well known breeder and owner of long-haired dachshunds. At the Fallingwater bookstore, visitors are able to purchase a book titled "Moxie" which is about one of the dachshunds who lived at Fallingwater.[76] Liliane raised long haired dachshunds and they travelled from Pittsburgh to Bear Run with her.[77]
Obie is a dachshund who became infamous for his obesity, weighing as much as 77 pounds (35 kilograms), more than twice a normal-weight standard dachshund.[78][79] He reached his target weight of 28 lb (13 kg) in July 2013.[80]
Carole Lombard and Clark Gable had a dachshund named Commissioner. [81]
See also[edit]
Animals portal
Dogs portal
Germany portal
Nintendogs: Dachshund and Friends
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Intervertebral Disc Disease". Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals. ufaw.org.uk: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
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Jump up ^ "On the Forefront: Prophylactic laser disk ablation in dogs at Oklahoma State University – Veterinary Medicine". 1 July 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
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Jump up ^ Coile, D. Caroline; Earle-Bridges, Michelle (2005). The Dachshund Handbook. Barron's Educational Series. p. 126. ISBN 0-7641-2673-3.
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Jump up ^ Adamson, Eve (2007). Dachshunds for Dummies (2nd ed.). For Dummies. p. 232. ISBN 0-470-22968-3.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Loeffler, William (1891). "Dachshunds". In Shields, George O. The American Book of the Dog. University of California: Cassell and Co. pp. 217–239.
Jump up ^ M. Zedda, P. Manca, V. Chisu, S. Gadau, G. Lepore, A. Genovese, V. Farina (2006) "Ancient Pompeian Dogs – Morphological and Morphometric Evidence for Different Canine Populations, Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia", Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C 35 (5), 319-324.
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Further reading[edit]
Dachshund Breed Standard Russian Kennel Club 13 March 2001
Dachshund Breed Standard Poland Kennel Club 9 May 2001
External links[edit]
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text:
Leah Remini
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Leah Remini
Born
Leah Marie Remini
(1970-06-15) June 15, 1970 (age 48)
New York City, U.S.
Occupation
Actress
writer
activist
Years active
1988–present
Spouse(s)
Angelo Pagán (m. 2003)
Children
1
Website
leahremini.com
Leah Marie Remini (/ˈrɛmɪni/; born June 15, 1970) is an American actress, author, former Scientologist and anti-Scientology activist. She starred as Carrie Heffernan on the long-running CBS comedy series The King of Queens (1998–2007) and later co-hosted The Talk in 2010–11. Since 2016 she has co-produced and hosted the Emmy Award–winning A&E documentary series Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath.
Raised as a member of the Church of Scientology from childhood, Remini left the organization in 2013 and began public criticism of Scientology. Two years later, she released Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology, her memoir about her experience with Scientology and reasons for leaving it. In 2016, she followed up her memoir with an Emmy Award–winning documentary television series on the A&E network, Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath, to highlight other former Scientologists' experiences.[1] After a successful first season, the series was renewed by A&E, and the second season debuted in late summer 2017. On March 14, 2018 A&E announced that the series would return for a third season.[2] Since May 2017, Remini has also starred in the 2016 television sitcom Kevin Can Wait as Vanessa Cellucci, alongside Kevin James, her former co-star on The King of Queens; this was later cancelled after two seasons.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Acting
2.2 The Talk
3 Personal life
3.1 Scientology
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Video games
5 Bibliography
6 References
6.1 Notes
6.2 Sources
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Remini was born June 15, 1970,[3] in Brooklyn, New York City, to Vicki Marshal, a schoolteacher, and George Remini, who owned an asbestos removal company.[4] Her mother is of Austrian Jewish descent, while her father has Sicilian ancestry.[5][6][7] Remini has a brother, Michael, an older sister named Nicole and four half-sisters: Christine, Stephanie (died of cancer in 2013),[8] Elizabeth, and Shannon.[9]
She was baptized Roman Catholic and raised in the Catholic tradition during her early childhood;[10] when she was nine years old, her mother joined the Church of Scientology, and Remini was thereafter raised as a Scientologist.[11] At thirteen years old, Remini moved to Los Angeles, California, with her mother, where she spent the remainder of her teenage years.[5]
Career[edit]
Acting[edit]
One of Remini's early television roles was on Who's the Boss? as Charlie Briscoe, which led to a spin-off series entitled Living Dolls, in which Remini starred with Halle Berry. The show premiered in late 1989 and ran for 12 episodes before being canceled.[12][13]
In 1991, Remini had a supporting role on the short-lived ABC comedy The Man in the Family. She then had recurring roles on Saved by the Bell, where she played Stacey Carosi, and on Evening Shade as Daisy, the girlfriend of Taylor Newton (Jay R. Ferguson). Remini then appeared in two more short-lived series, First Time Out (1995) and Fired Up (1997–98). In 1993, she appeared on Cheers as Serafina, the daughter of Carla and Nick Tortelli (Rhea Perlman and Dan Hedaya). In 1994, Remini auditioned for the role of Monica Geller on Friends, but the role went to Courteney Cox. Remini later appeared in the 1995 Friends episode "The One with the Birth" in which she played a pregnant woman. In 1998, Remini landed the role of Carrie Heffernan on the CBS sitcom The King of Queens. The series was successful, and ran for nine seasons from September 21, 1998 to May 14, 2007.
During her time on the show, she had a supporting role in the comedy film Old School (2003). Remini also starred in her own reality show, which aired on VH1. Since The King of Queens ended, Remini has starred in nine-episode webisodes of In the Motherhood, along with Chelsea Handler and Jenny McCarthy. She has made two guest appearances on Chelsea Lately. On December 15, 2009, Remini appeared as Carrie Heffernan on Lopez Tonight, with George Lopez as Doug Heffernan in an episode reuniting the cast of the George Lopez sitcom.[14] Remini and Holly Robinson Peete appeared on The Young and the Restless on July 28, 2011.[15]
In October 2011, Remini signed a talent development deal at ABC and ABC Studios that required the network and the studio to develop a comedy project for Remini to star in and produce.[16][17] In March 2012, it was announced that Remini would star in an ABC comedy Family Tools, a remake of the UK comedy series White Van Man.[18] The series premiered on May 1, 2013, and was not renewed owing to low ratings, ending its run on July 10, 2013.[19]
Remini competed on season 17 of Dancing with the Stars, in which she was partnered with professional dancer Tony Dovolani.[20] The couple made it to the 10th week of competition and reached 5th place. Remini later returned in season 19 as a guest co-host on week 6. She returned as guest co-host on season 21 during weeks 6 and 7.
In 2013, Remini joined the cast of the TV Land comedy The Exes, filling a recurring role starting in season three.[21]
Remini and her husband Angelo starred in a reality television series titled Leah Remini: It's All Relative. The show focuses on Remini's family life. It premiered on TLC on July 10, 2014.[22] According to Remini, the purpose of the show is to highlight the fact that she's a normal person just like everyone else and that celebrity doesn't change that.[23]
Remini developed an eight-episode series for A&E focusing on ex-Scientologists speaking candidly about their experiences entitled Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath. The show premiered November 29, 2016.[24] In a statement released by the network Leah said:
For too long, this multi-billion-dollar organization bullied victims and journalists to prevent the truth from being told. It is my hope that we shed light on information that makes the world aware of what is really going on and encourages others to speak up so the abuses can be ended forever.[25]
In early 2017, Remini returned to acting and was announced as one of the leads in NBC's sitcom What About Barb?, a gender-swapped version of the 1991 Frank Oz comedy What About Bob?. She portrayed Suzanne, a renowned psychotherapist and best-selling author.[26] Ultimately, NBC passed on the project and it wasn't picked up to series.[27] In March 2017, it was announced Remini would reunite with Kevin James on the season finale of Kevin Can Wait.[28][29] In June 2017, it was announced Remini was upped to a series regular beginning with season two.[30][31]
The Talk[edit]
Remini was a co-host on The Talk, a CBS talk show which premiered October 18, 2010. Julie Chen, Sara Gilbert, Holly Robinson Peete, and Sharon Osbourne were her co-hosts. The show is similar to The View and seeks to address motherhood and contemporary issues.[32] Remini drew criticism within the first week of the show's debut, accused of being too loud, brash, and obtrusive. It was stated on one episode that she had received a significant amount of negative Twitter feedback on this subject. Remini addressed the issue, stating she refused to change who she is and asserting that thousands of fans like her for who she is. Her co-hosts supported her response.[33]
A refusal to disclose why Remini and Peete were fired brought on a great deal of criticism of the show and protests from the stars' fans.[34][35] While there was much speculation that their former Talk co-host, Julie Chen, had involvement in the decision, as she is married to CBS President/CEO Leslie Moonves, it was Sharon Osbourne who stated, regarding their dismissals, in December 2011 on The Howard Stern Show: "Some people don't really know who they are. And you have to know who you are when you're in something like this. You can't pretend to be something you're not. You have to know your brand. You can't be all things to everyone."[36][37] Osbourne replied to criticism about the refusal to inform Remini and Peete why they were let go, rhetorically stating, "Why should we call them to discuss?"[36][37]
In March 2012, a heavily publicized Twitter dispute ignited between Remini and Osbourne when Remini fired back at Osbourne for her comments on The Howard Stern Show. In response to questions from her Twitter followers, Remini tweeted:
Ask Sharon. She had us fired...Sharon thought me and Holly were too 'Ghetto'. (her words) we were not funny, awkward and didn't know ourselves.[38][39] Haters Gon' Hate. True. But, Haters have the balls to say they 'Hate'...not call themselves your friend. She had us fired all the while calling me and Holly her friend. Heartbreaking. Yes. She had us fired she told Howard Stern. Explains why she never called us back.[38]
In response, Osbourne tweeted, "I had absolutely nothing to do with her departure from the show and have no idea why she continues to take to Twitter to spread this false gossip.[38][40] Leah knows that I have never been in the position to hire or fire anyone on the show. That being said, my only wish is that Leah would just stop all this negative, unprofessional and childish behavior.[39] It's been seven months. It's time to move on. Leah is a very talented actress and I only wish her happiness and success.[38][39][41] I know that better things are to come if she can just get beyond this negativity." Remini tweeted a challenge to Osbourne to establish in a court of law what statements she (Remini) had made that were untrue.[38]
While co-hosting The Talk, Remini turned down various parts on situation comedies, stating that any new role would make her feel as if she were cheating on Doug Heffernan, her character's husband on The King of Queens. She added that she needs to spend more time with her child and family.[42]
Personal life[edit]
Remini met actor Angelo Pagán[43] at a Cuban restaurant in 1996.[44] He has three sons from previous relationships. They were married on July 19, 2003.[45] Their daughter, Sofia, was born on June 16, 2004, one day after Remini's 34th birthday.[46]
Scientology[edit]
Remini was a member of the Church of Scientology from the age of nine.[6][11][47] In December 2005, she helped the Citizens Commission on Human Rights to promote the gala opening of the Psychiatry: An Industry of Death museum on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.[48] Responding to criticism of Scientology during an interview on CNN:
If somebody is going to get turned off about something because of what they read or heard, then that person's not smart enough to even enter a church. If you're really against something, then know what you're against.
—  Leah Remini, CNN interview[6]
In July 2013, Remini left the Church of Scientology,[49] owing to policies that forbid members from questioning the management of church leader David Miscavige, which she believed was corrupt; the reported abuse of members of its Sea Org religious order; its policy of "disconnection"; and its practice of branding those who have left the church of their own accord as "Suppressive Persons".[50] According to former high-ranking Sea Org member Mike Rinder, Remini's problems with the Church began when she asked about the whereabouts of Miscavige's wife Shelly at the 2006 wedding of Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes, and was told profanely that she lacked the rank to do so. Remini then filed a "knowledge report" that was critical of Miscavige, Cruise, and other senior Scientology members and behavior on the part of members that was inconsistent with Church rules. She was subsequently "subjected to years of 'interrogations' and 'thought modification'" that led to her being blacklisted within the Church, while fellow parishioners with whom she had been friends for decades wrote internal reports about her, resulting in a Church investigation into her family.[50][51][52][53]
During a September 9, 2013, appearance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Remini discussed her departure from the Church and the loss of friends who are still in the Church and, according to Remini, are not permitted to have contact with her.[49] Following her departure from the Church, she publicly expressed her appreciation for those who supported her departure.[54][55] Remini's sister, Nicole, who had earlier left the Church herself,[56] revealed that the rest of their family left the Church along with her to avoid being split up by the Church's disconnection policy.[57][58] Writer and director Paul Haggis, who had previously been the most famous person to publicly disavow Scientology, wrote an open letter, published by The Hollywood Reporter, thanking Remini for standing by him after he left the Church and praised her "enormous amount of integrity and compassion".[59]
In August 2013, it was disclosed that Remini had filed a missing person report with the Los Angeles Police Department concerning Shelly Miscavige, the wife of Scientology leader David Miscavige, who had not been seen in public since 2007.[60] After the report was filed, the Los Angeles Police Department looked into the matter, met with and spoke with her before closing the investigation and stating Remini's report was "unfounded". The Church said in a statement that the whole affair was simply harassment and a publicity stunt for Remini.[61][62][63]
In October 2013, it was reported that Remini had been subpoenaed to testify in a Comal County, Texas lawsuit against the Church of Scientology and its leader David Miscavige, regarding acts of alleged harassment and surveillance against the wife of a former member, Monique Rathbun (who was married to ex-Scientology executive Mark Rathbun). Rathbun's attorney, Ray Jeffery, says he wants Remini, a former Scientologist, to give a deposition in the hopes she could testify that Miscavige has vast influence over the operations of the church and had to have known about the alleged harassment.[47]
Remini released her memoir Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology on November 3, 2015.[64] In a 2015 interview with People magazine, Remini stated that she was embracing Catholicism and found comfort in the religion's practices, contrasting her experiences with Scientology.[65]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1997 Critics and Other Freaks Actress at audition
1998 Follow Your Heart Angie
2003 Old School Lara Campbell
2017 Mad Families Cheyenne
2017 The Clapper Producer Louise
2017 Handsome: A Netflix Mystery Movie Esta
2018 Second Act Joan Post-production
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1988 Head of the Class Episode: "Let's Rap"
1989 Who's the Boss? Charlie Briscoe 2 episodes
1989 Living Dolls Charlie Briscoe 12 episodes
1990 Normal Life Carol Episode: "And Baby Makes..."
1991 Paradise Rose Episode: "Out of the Ashes"
1991 The Hogan Family Joanne Episode: "A Sneaking Suspicion"
1991 The Man in the Family Tina Bavasso 7 episodes
1991 Saved by the Bell Stacey Carosi 6 episodes
1991 Beverly Hills 90210 Uncredited, 1 episode
1991–93 Cheers Serafina Tortelli 2 episodes
1992 Blossom Ellen Episode: "You Must Remember This"
1992 Getting Up and Going Home Stephanie O'Neil TV film
1993 Evening Shade Daisy 3 episodes
1993 Harlan & Merleen Frankie TV film
1994 The Commish Gail Ross Episode: "Sergeant Kelly"
1994 Renegade Tina Episode: "The King and I"
1994–96 Phantom 2040 Sagan Cruz (voice) 22 episodes
1995 Diagnosis: Murder Agnes Benedetto Episode: "How to Murder Your Lawyer"
1995 Friends Lydia Episode: "The One with the Birth"
1995 First Time Out Dominique Costellano 12 episodes
1995 Star Witness TV film
1996 Biker Mice from Mars Carbine (voice) 2 episodes
1996 Home Improvement Maria Gomez Episode: "The Bud Bowl"
1996 NYPD Blue Angela Bohi Episode: "Closing Time"
1997–98 Fired Up Terry Reynolds 28 episodes
1998–2007 The King of Queens Carrie Heffernan Main role (207 episodes)
2001 Hooves of Fire (American redub) Vixen (voice) TV film
2002 Legend of the Lost Tribe (American redub) Koala (voice) TV film
2003 VH1 Inside Out: Leah Remini's Wedding Special Herself Documentary
2004 VH1 Inside Out: Leah Remini's Baby Special Herself Documentary
2005 Fat Actress Herself Episode: "The Koi Effect"
2007–08 In the Motherhood Kim 8 episodes
2009 Lopez Tonight Carrie Heffernan Episode: "December 15, 2009"; cameo appearance
2009 Married Not Dead Jessica TV film
2009 It Takes a Village Karen TV film
2010–11 The Talk Herself / Co-host 135 episodes
2011 Toddlers and Tiaras: Where Are They Now? Juana Short
2012 The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange Polly Prune / Butch Ravioli 2 episodes
2013 Family Tools Terry Baumgardner Lead role (10 episodes)
2013 Phineas and Ferb Doreen/Mean Woman 2 episodes
2013
2014
2015 Dancing with the Stars Herself Contestant on season 17
Eliminated 8th; 5th place
Guest co-host for season 19 and season 21
2014 RuPaul's Drag Race Herself / Guest Judge Episode: "Glamazon by Colorevolution"
2014 Hollywood Game Night Herself Episode: "A Hollywood Scandal"
2014–15 The Exes Nikki Gardner 15 episodes
2014–15 Leah Remini: It's All Relative Herself TLC reality show (26 episodes)
2015 Repeat After Me Herself Episode: "#1.5"
2016–18 Match Game Herself / Panelist 4 episodes
2016–present Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath Herself Documentary series
2017 Milo Murphy's Law Ms. Baxter (voice) Episode: "The Substitute/Time Out"
2017–18 Kevin Can Wait Vanessa Cellucci Guest star (season 1, 2 episodes); series regular (season 2)
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Voice role
Notes
1993 Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers Grace Nakimura
Bibliography[edit]
Remini, Leah (2015). Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-1101886960.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini on her dispute with Scientology: 'We've been victimized'". Entertainment News. November 23, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Nolfi, Joey (March 14, 2018). "Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath renewed for season 3". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Richmond 1999, p. 131.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini profile". Film Reference. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Brady, James (October 26, 2003). "Leah Remini (TV and film actress)". Parade. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sieberg, Daniel (April 20, 2001). "Leah Remini:Working hard as a queen among kings". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Remini & Paley 2015, p. 4.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini's half-sister dead at 35 following cancer battle". Mail Online. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ TV.com. "Leah Remini". TV.com. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Remini, Leah, and Rogan, Joe (January 30, 2017). "Leah Remini". The Joe Rogan Experience. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b McNeil, Elizabeth (July 29, 2013). "The King of Queens Star Leah Remini: Leaving Scientology". People, Vol. 80 No. 5.
Jump up ^ "Throwing a Curveball: Surprising Spin-Offs". Screenrush; retrieved October 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Halle Berry's Journey From Miss USA Runner-Up To Oscar Winner", Access Hollywood, June 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lynette, Rice (March 25, 2009). "'In the Motherhood': Thanks, but no thanks, for your ideas, mommies!". ew.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ SoapOperaDigest. Comings & Goings; page 12. August 2, 2011 issue.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "Leah Remini Signs Talent Deal With ABC". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "Leah Remini Signs Talent Deal With ABC". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley. "Leah Remini Joins ABC Comedy Pilot". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Weingus, Leigh (May 10, 2013). ""Family Tools" cancelled". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Derschowitz, Jessica (September 4, 2013). "Dancing with the Stars': Leah Remini, Valerie Harper". CBS News.
Jump up ^ "'Dancing with the Stars' Leah Remini joins 'The Exes'". Digital Spy. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Rice, Lynette (June 12, 2014). "TLC to air Leah Remini reality show", Entertainment Weekly; accessed March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rizzo, Monica (January 14, 2013). "Leah Remini Promises Honesty and Fun on Her TLC Reality Show – TLC, Dancing With the Stars, The King of Queens, Leah Remini". People.com. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ungerman, Alex. "Exclusive: Watch Leah Remini Take on Scientology". Entertainment Today. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Miller, Julie. "Watch Leah Remini". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Schwindt, Oriana (March 2, 2017). "NBC's 'What About Barb?' Pilot Casts Leah Remini, Jessica Gunning as Leads".
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (May 9, 2017). "NBC Narrows Down Pilot Field With Several Projects Not Going Forward". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (March 24, 2017). "Leah Remini To Reunite With Kevin James In 'Kevin Can Wait' Season Finale". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (March 24, 2017). "Leah Remini to Reunite With Kevin James in 'Kevin Can Wait' Season Finale". Variety. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 2, 2017). "Leah Remini Joins CBS' 'Kevin Can Wait' As Series Regular For Season 2". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (June 2, 2017). "Leah Remini Joins 'Kevin Can Wait' Season 2 as Series Regular". Variety. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Domanick, Andrea (August 11, 2010). "CBS' The Talk to Premiere Oct. 18". Broadcasting and Cable.
Jump up ^ "'The Talk': Let's talk ... what did you think? – Pop2it – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. October 18, 2010. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Nede, Jethro (September 7, 2011). "'The Talk' Without Leah Remini and Holly Robinson Peete: What THR Readers Are Saying". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ "Holly Robinson Peete Opens Up About Being Fired From The Talk!". PerezHilton.com. November 4, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Howard Stern Gets The Talk Hosts To Finally Talk About Holly Robinson Peete Leah Remini Diss". E! Online. December 13, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Chen, Joyce (March 15, 2012). "Sharon Osbourne, Leah Remini in Twitter feud about 'King of Queens' actress' dismissal from 'The Talk'?". Daily News. New York.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Barnert, Deanna (March 15, 2012). "'The Talk' Twitter Battle: Osbourne vs. Remini". MSN Entertainment. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Harnick, Chris (March 14, 2012). "'The Talk': Leah Remini Says Sharon Osbourne Had Her Fired For Being 'Ghetto'". Huffington Post.
Jump up ^ Day, Patrick Kevin (March 14, 2012). "Leah Remini fired from 'The Talk': Sharon Osbourne's fault, she says". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini blames Sharon Osbourne for 'Talk' firing". USA Today. March 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini Admits The Talk Is Harder Than She Thought". Jacksonville Observer. March 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Angelo Pagan at IMDB
Jump up ^ Mentioned on the Joe Rogan Experience in February 2017
Jump up ^ "I Do, I Do, I Do!". People. 60 (8). August 25, 2003.
Jump up ^ Bricker, Tierney (March 5, 2014). "Leah Remini to Star in Reality-TV Show for TLC". E! News. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Leah Remini Subpoenaed to Testify in Harassment Suit Against Church of Scientology", ABC News, October 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Vargas, Sibila (December 20, 2005). "Showbiz Tonight". CNN. Retrieved June 8, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Eggenberger, Nicole (September 10, 2013). "Leah Remini Tells Ellen DeGeneres She 'Lost Friends"'After Leaving Scientology". US Weekly.
^ Jump up to: a b "Exclusive: Actress Leah Remini quits Scientology after years of 'interrogations'". New York Post. July 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Clark, Cindy (July 11, 2013). "Leah Remini quits Church of Scientology". USA Today.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Jessica. "Leah Remini Quits Scientology After 'Years Of Interrogations'", The Huffington Post, July 11, 2013; accessed March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Killoran, Ellen (July 11, 2013). "Leah Remini Scientology Split 'A Huge Threat' To Controversial Church". International Business Times.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Erin (July 11, 2013). "Leah Remini Leaves Scientology After Questioning David Miscavige's Leadership". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Marcesca, Rachel (July 12, 2013). "Leah Remini speaks out after leaving the Church of Scientology, thanks fans for support". Daily News (New York).
Jump up ^ Lindstrom, Colleen (July 17, 2013). "Scientology and the Remini Family: How it began", mytalk1071.com; accessed March 30, 2015. Archived August 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Traynor, Bradley (July 17, 2013). "EXCLUSIVE: Leah Remini's Sister Nicole Talks!", mytalk1071.com; accessed March 30, 2015. Archived July 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "New Details on Why Leah Remini Left Scientology", abcnews.go.com, July 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Haggis, Paul (July 31, 2013). "Paul Haggis Pens Open Letter Praising Leah Remini's 'Brave' Break With Scientology". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini Files Missing Person Report for Scientology Leader David Miscavige's Wife". The Hollywood Reporter. August 8, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Blankstein, Andrew. "Scientology leader's wife located by LAPD after Leah Remini inquiry", Los Angeles Times, August 9, 2013; accessed March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Harris, Dan. "LAPD Dismisses Leah Remini's Missing Person Report on Wife of Scientology Leader". ABC News. August 9, 2013; accessed March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Finn, Natalie. "Leah Remini Files Missing Person Report for Scientology Leader's Wife, Shelly Miscavige; Church Slams 'Harassment'". E! Online. August 8, 2013. accessed March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini Speaks Exclusively to ABC News About Her Experience with the Church of Scientology". ABC News. September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Leah Remini on embracing Catholicism after Scientology: 'To me it's what religion is supposed to be'". People. Time Inc. November 4, 2015.
Sources[edit]
Remini, Leah; Paley, Rebecca (2015). Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-1-2500-9693-7.
Richmond, Ray (1999). My Greatest Day in Show Business: Screen Legends Share Their Fondest Memories. Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 978-0-878-33224-3.
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