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Maxie Jones
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Maxie Jones
Kirsten Storms as Maxie Jones
General Hospital character
Portrayed by
Robyn Richards (1993–2001, 2002–04)
Danica Stewart (2002)
Kirsten Storms (2005–11, 2012–)
Jen Lilley (2011–12)
Molly Burnett (2016)
(and others)
Duration
1990–
First appearance
November 5, 1990
Created by
Gene Palumbo
Introduced by
Joseph Hardy (1990)
Wendy Riche (1993)
Jill Farren Phelps (2002, 2005)
Book appearances
Robin's Diary
The Secret Life of Damian Spinelli
Spin-off
appearances
Port Charles
General Hospital: Night Shift
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Other names
Mariah Maximilliana Jones
Maxie Hunter
Kayla McHenry[1]
Occupation
Junior Editor
Editor-in-chief
Wedding planner
Personal shopper
Assistant to Kate Howard
Retail clerk
Waitress
Hospital volunteer
Residence
Port Charles, New York

Robyn Richards as Maxie Jones
[show]Family
Family
Scorpio/Jones family
Parents
Frisco Jones
Felicia Jones
Stepfather
Mac Scorpio
Sisters
Georgie Jones
Spouse
Matt Hunter (2012)
Nathan West (2017–18)
Daughters
Georgie Spinelli
Grandparents
Peter Cummings
Andrew Jones Sr.
Bertha Ramirez
Cindy Jones
Aunts and uncles
Tony Jones
Robert Scorpio (step)
First cousins
B. J. Jones
Lucas Jones (adoptive)
Robin Scorpio (step)
Maxie Jones is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera General Hospital. She is the eldest daughter of supercouple Frisco and Felicia Jones. The role was first portrayed by Robyn Richards for eleven years, from 1993 to 2004. The role was then recast with Kirsten Storms. In 2011, Storms took an extended medical leave, resulting in the temporary recasting of the character with Jen Lilley. Storms has since returned to the role. In 2009, Storms was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for her portrayal of Maxie Jones.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Casting
2 Storylines
2.1 1990–2005
2.2 2006–08
2.3 2009–11
2.4 2012–13
2.5 2014—
3 References
4 External links
Casting[edit]
Actress Jen Lilley was cast as Maxie in 2011, portraying the role for 11 months, while Kirsten Storms was out on extended medical leave.
The character was initially portrayed by child actors Chelsey and Kahley Cuff from 1990 to 1991, Ashley and Jessica Clark in 1992, and Elaine and Melanie Silver from December 1992 to 1993. Robyn Richards then assumed the role in 1993 and last appeared on December 24, 2001.[3] In March 2002, after nine years as the character, ABC announced their decision to release Richards from her contract in order to rapidly age the character, with plans to have actress Danica Stewart take over.[4] Stewart debuted on March 13, 2002.[5] However, within months, it was announced that the network had chosen to have Richards stay after Stewart was negatively received by viewers.[6] Stewart departed on July 16, 2002.[7] Richards returned as Maxie on September 3, 2002.[8] Richards had made her final appearance on July 16, 2004.[9]
In March 2005, it was announced that the role had been recast with former Days of Our Lives actress Kirsten Storms, known for her five year stint as Belle Black, who made her debut on May 23, 2005.[10][11] In September 2011, Storms took an extended medical leave for an unspecified amount of time, resulting in the temporary recasting of the character with actress Jen Lilley.[12] Storms briefly departed on September 27, 2011, with Lilley debuting on September 28, 2011. Four months later, Storms was said to be returning,[13] however, her return was delayed and Lilley announced that she would be remaining in the role for the foreseeable future.[14][15][16] In June 2012, Storms was rumored to be in potential talks to rejoin the cast.[17] The following month, Lilley announced that she had completed her stint as the character. In a personal YouTube video, Lilley tearfully thanked her fans, stating: "Thank you for making my departure from GH easier. [...] And even though I'm crying, they are happy tears."[18] She made her last appearance on August 10, 2012.[19][20] Storms later returned on September 5.[21]
During an interview with Dan J. Kroll of Soap Central Live, Lilley spoke about how she had no idea about her being a recast for Storms or the character of Maxie.[18] She stated:
“ I was absolutely terrified, because I didn't know that I was auditioning for the role of Maxie the day before, and they kind of came out of the room after the audition and they're like, 'OK, by the way, it's the role of Maxie - you have a two-hour orientation, it starts right now. [...] And then I just remember sitting in my dressing room the next morning, having memorized 30 pages but being freaked out, and I remember thinking, 'There were two other girls at the callback, and I bet that they would want to do this role, and I don't know if I can do it, and I'm so scared.' I'm sitting in my dressing room sweating, and I remember thinking, 'I should go up to casting and just tell them to give it to one of the other girls, because I don't know if I can do this.' And then I Googled it, and it was all over Google that I was the replacement, and I was like, 'Oh God, I'm stuck! I'm stuck! I'm stuck!' ”
In May 2016, it was reported that Storms would again take temporary leave from the role; actress Molly Burnett was cast in the role.[22][23] Burnett assumed the role on July 5, 2016, and departed nearly a month later on July 29, 2016.[24][25][26] Storms returned in the role on August 3, 2016.[27][28]
In March 2017, it was reported that Storms would take a third temporary leave from the role; with the role not being recast during this latest absence. Storms began her hiatus on February 16, 2017.[29] In June 2017, it was reported that Storms would be returning to the role as Maxie following her hiatus with the show, airing on July 24, 2017.[30][31][32]
Storylines[edit]
1990–2005[edit]
Mariah Maximilliana Jones is born on Halloween night in 1990 and named after her maternal great-grandparents Maximilian and Mariah Ramirez. Her Godparents are named as Sean Donely (John Reilly) and Anna Devane (Finola Hughes) at her Christening. In 1994, she suffers from Kawasaki disease and requires a heart transplant. Meanwhile, her cousin B. J. Jones (Brighton Hertford) is in a car accident, leaving her brain dead. Test results prove B.J.'s heart to be a match for Maxie. B.J.'s parents, Bobbie (Jacklyn Zeman) and Tony Jones (Brad Maule), agree to take B.J. off life support and donate her heart to Maxie. During this time, Maxie's sister Georgie is conceived, but their father Frisco Jones (Jack Wagner) leaves town again soon after. Maxie and her younger sister are raised by their stepfather Mac Scorpio (John J. York) for most of their lives.
Maxie's first crush is on Lucky Spencer (Jonathan Jackson). In 2003, she dates her crush, Kyle Ratcliffe (Andrew St. John).[33] Kyle coerces Maxie to steal pills from the hospital. While she loses her virginity to him, he tapes them having sex and later posts the video on the internet.[33] Maxie is furious when she finds out, but forgives Kyle. Later on, Maxie plans to sleep with her adoptive cousin Lucas Jones (Ryan Carnes) to prevent her sister Georgie (Lindze Letherman) from sleeping with him. Maxie also flirts with Zander Smith (Chad Brannon) and helps him avoid the law. She briefly has a crush on Nikolas Cassadine (Tyler Christopher).
In 2005, Kirsten Storms assumes the role of Maxie as the character faces complications with her heart transplant. While in the hospital, Maxie meets Jesse Beaudry (Matt Marraccini), who claims to be an undercover cop blamed for a murder he didn't commit. Maxie helps Jesse and they go on the run. By the time they arrive home, they have fallen in love with each other, much to Mac's dismay.
2006–08[edit]
After Jesse dies in the line of duty, Maxie is devastated, and falls into a dark place, partying all the time. She turns to Jesse's partner Lucky for comfort, resulting in an affair. Lucky is married to Elizabeth Webber (Rebecca Herbst), but Maxie still goes after him. When Maxie finds out Lucky has a pain pill addiction, she provides him pills in exchange for sex. When Lucky decides to go to rehab and win Elizabeth back, Maxie pretends to be pregnant to hold onto Lucky. She fakes a miscarriage, and Lucky later finds out the truth. During the Metro Court hostage crisis, Maxie ends up trapped with one of the gunmen, later revealed to be Cooper Barrett (Jason Gerhardt). Maxie covers for him afterwards, and they eventually start a relationship. When Maxie suspects Cooper has taken interest in Maxie's enemy Lulu Spencer (Julie Marie Berman), she propositions Cooper's former Army buddy Logan Hayes (Josh Duhon), saying that if he can get Lulu to sleep with him, then she will sleep with Logan. Maxie eventually tries to call off the bet after Cooper admits how much he cares for her. However, unable to help herself after realizing Logan is in love with Lulu, she blackmails Logan and sleeps with him.
Later on, Cooper finds Maxie and Logan making out. He tells Maxie that he cannot watch her self-destruct any longer, and ends their relationship. Maxie and Cooper reconcile right before Georgie is murdered. Maxie is grief-stricken, to the point that she belittles her mother at Georgie's funeral for abandoning them. Cooper is suspected of the murder, but Maxie believes he's innocent. When ae asks Maxie to leave town with him, she agrees, but she later finds him dead of an apparent suicide. The police further their belief that Cooper was the killer. Maxie refuses to believe this, and teams up with Damian Spinelli (Bradford Anderson) to prove Cooper's innocence. Having once been enemies, Maxie and Spinelli become close, and Spinelli develops a crush on Maxie. They are successful in their mission, proving Cooper was killed by Diego Alcazar (Ignacio Serricchio), who also murdered Georgie. Maxie gets a job as Kate Howard (Megan Ward)'s assistant. She is soon joined by Lulu, and starts to hit on Lulu's boyfriend Johnny Zacchara (Brandon Barash) to make her jealous. Logan begins stalking Lulu, upset about their breakup. He blames Maxie for what happened, and attacks her at the Crimson office. Lulu witnesses this, and Logan comes after her. Lulu accidentally stabs him to death in self-defense. Johnny takes the blame to protect Lulu. Lulu slowly starts to break down and is admitted to a mental institution. Maxie visits her, and they slowly become friends. After Lulu is released, she and Maxie move into an apartment together.
2009–11[edit]
Maxie becomes friends with Spinelli, and starts to slowly fall for him, despite Mac objecting and her own uncertainty. She also flirts with Johnny, but the two never establish a relationship. Maxie eventually starts dating Spinelli. He proposes just as they become exclusive, and Maxie accepts, despite her hesitation. Spinelli finds out Maxie's feelings, and declares he will not marry her at their wedding ceremony. The two agree to take their relationship slowly, calling off the wedding. Maxie helps set up an art show for the artist Franco (James Franco), on behalf of Crimson. The two end up sleeping together, and Maxie immediately regrets it. She starts avoiding her family and Spinelli, unable to deal with her guilt. Eventually, Spinelli finds out, and says he can forgive Maxie, but their relationship remains strained. Hoping to reignite their romance, Spinelli sets up a fake case for Maxie to help him with, but the plan goes awry, and they end up trapped, with Spinelli injured and Maxie suffering from hypothermia. When they're finally taken to the hospital, Maxie finds out she has pneumonia, and it's putting a strain on her heart. Fortunately, she recovers, but Spinelli remains guilt-ridden. When Maxie feels ignored by Spinelli, she tries to get his attention back by staging a kiss with Matt Hunter (Jason Cook) so that Spinelli will fight for her. Instead, he breaks up with Maxie. Matt and Maxie begin to casually date, choosing not to be exclusive.
2012–13[edit]
Spinelli still cares for Maxie, and gets shot by Lisa Niles (Brianna Brown) while trying to protect Maxie. She starts growing closer to Matt during this time. When Lisa is killed, Maxie is a suspect, along with Matt and several others. When Maxie's cousin, Robin Scorpio (Kimberly McCullough), is killed in a gas explosion, Maxie believes she was responsible for the gas leak, and tries to get herself arrested for Robin's murder. When this fails, she claims to have killed Lisa, and gets sent to prison. Spinelli tries to prove Maxie's innocence, and discovers the real killer was Matt. Maxie asks him to keep quiet and let her take the fall. Spinelli refuses, and turns Matt in. Maxie is released, on the condition that she testifies that she saw Matt kill Lisa. Angry, Maxie marries Matt to avoid testifying against him. However, Matt turns himself in, and goes to prison. He tells Maxie he'll annul their marriage, but she refuses.
Though Spinelli tries to reach out to Maxie, she avoids him. Spinelli finally tells Maxie off, saying that he's done wasting his love on her. Maxie eventually gets a pep talk from both Lulu and her mother that makes her realize she loves Spinelli. Hoping to win Spinelli back, she annuls her marriage to Matt and confesses her feelings to Spinelli. Spinelli turns Maxie down now, and starts dating Ellie Trout (Emily Wilson). Heartbroken, Maxie tries to move on by being a surrogate for Lulu and Dante Falconeri (Dominic Zamprogna). Maxie ended up miscarrying as their surrogate, and found Spinelli upset after believing Ellie broke up with him. The two sleep together, but Spinelli later reconciles with Ellie. Maxie discovers she's pregnant with Spinelli's child, and chooses to pass off her child as Dante and Lulu's. As the pregnancy keeps advancing, though, Maxie becomes more attached to her unborn child. She gives birth to a baby girl, whom Dante and Lulu name Connie Falconeri.
When the truth about Connie comes out, Maxie and Spinelli decide that they want their daughter back. Lulu decides she wants to keep the baby, and all four go to court, where Lulu and Maxie attack each other. The judge grants Spinelli sole custody of Connie, with Maxie being barred from seeing her daughter for six months. Devastated over losing her daughter, Maxie tries to commit suicide, but she's stopped by Robin, revealed to be alive. When Ellie finds a job in Portland, Spinelli is reluctant to follow because of Maxie and their daughter. However, Maxie encourages him to go with the baby so she won't violate the court ruling. Before leaving with Ellie, Spinelli reveals he's decided to rename their daughter Georgie, in honor of Maxie's sister. After they leave, Maxie decides to leave town to find a way to move on.
2014—[edit]
Maxie returns home with her boyfriend, Levi Dunkleman (Zachary Garred), a self-help guru. At the same time, she starts falling for Detective Nathan West (Ryan Paevey). Levi and Nathan clash frequently over Maxie, specifically of Maxie regaining custody of Georgie. Maxie is hesitant to try and get her daughter back, because of her past decisions. The indecision causes her to lose custody of Georgie for another six months. Soon after, Levi is threatened with deportation when his visa expires. Maxie plans to marry him, but on their wedding day, Levi shows his true colors, kidnapping Maxie and Lulu. Maxie discovers that "Levi" is actually Peter Harrell Jr., and he manipulated Maxie to get ahold of the Aztec jewels owned by her mother. Maxie is saved by Nathan, while Levi is killed. Maxie realizes how supportive Nathan has been to her, and the two start dating. With Nathan's help, Maxie regains custody of Georgie.
Spinelli returned to town with Georgie, and told Maxie he was hoping they could have a second chance after Ellie broke up with him. Maxie was conflicted between Spinelli and Nathan, but made a rash decision and broke up with Nathan after catching him and Spinelli fighting over Maxie. She and Spinelli tried to resume a relationship, but Maxie was still attracted to Nathan. Things came to a head when Ellie came back to town to get Spinelli back, and started dating Nathan. Maxie became jealous, and realized that she was falling in love with Nathan, and had moved on from Spinelli. Spinelli agreed, and the two broke up amicably, while Maxie reconciled with Nathan.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Frank Valentini (Executive producer); Shelly Altman and Jean Passanante (Head writers) (December 8, 2016). General Hospital. Season 54. Episode 13701. ABC.
Jump up ^ "And The Winners Are..." Soap Opera Digest. soapoperadigest.com. March 2, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jill Farren Phelps (Executive producer); Megan McTavish (Head writer) (December 24, 2001). General Hospital. Season 39. Episode 9920. ABC.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2002-02-28). "Richards out; Maxie to be recast". Soap Central. Soapcentral.com. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jill Farren Phelps (Executive producer); Megan McTavish (Head writer) (March 13, 2002). General Hospital. Season 39. Episode 9975. ABC.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2002-07-21). "Richards returning as GH's Maxie". Soap Central. Soapcentral.com. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jill Farren Phelps (Executive producer); Robert Guza, Jr. and Charles Pratt, Jr. (Head writers) (July 16, 2002). General Hospital. Season 40. Episode 10064. ABC.
Jump up ^ Jill Farren Phelps (Executive producer); Robert Guza, Jr. and Charles Pratt, Jr. (Head writers) (September 3, 2002). General Hospital. Season 40. Episode 10099. General Hospital Transcript Tuesday 09/03/02. ABC.
Jump up ^ Jill Farren Phelps (Executive producer); Robert Guza, Jr. and Charles Pratt, Jr. (Head writers) (July 16, 2004). General Hospital. Season 41. Episode 10576. ABC.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2005-03-23). "GH Recasts Maxie with Former DAYS Favorite". Soap Central. Soapcentral.com. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jill Farren Phelps (Executive producer); Robert Guza, Jr. and Charles Pratt, Jr. (Head writers) (May 23, 2005). General Hospital. Season 42. Episode 10794. ABC.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2011-09-14). "Illness sidelines Kirsten Storms, forces Maxie recast". Soap Central. Soapcentral.com. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ SOD (2012-01-09). "EXCLUSIVE! GH's Storms Returns". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Huge GH News". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. 2012-01-21. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Simms, Richard M. (2012-01-20). "Storms Not Returning! Lilley To Stay At GH!". ABC Soaps In Depth. ABC.soapsindepth.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "GH's Lilley Staying". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. 2012-02-14. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kirsten Storms Back To GH?". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. 2012-06-22. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Kroll, Dan J. (2012-07-22). "Emotional Jen Lilley thanks fans for support". Soap Central. Soapcentral.com. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Simms, Richard M. (2012-07-23). "Storms Is Back As Maxie". ABC Soaps In Depth. ABC.Soapsindepth.com. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly (2012-07-23). "General Hospital Casting News: Kirsten Storms to Return! Jen Lilley Out!". TV Line. TVLine.com. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kirsten Storms Back To Work At GH". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. 2012-08-21. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ SOD (May 27, 2016). "MOLLY BURNETT IN AS GH'S MAXIE". Soap Opera Digest. United States: American Media, Inc. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mason, Charlie (May 27, 2016). "General Hospital: Kirsten Storms' Maxie Recast Temporarily With Days Vet". TVLine. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ SOD (July 5, 2016). "MOLLY BURNETT DEBUTS AS GH'S MAXIE". Soap Opera Digest. United States: American Media, Inc. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Who's Going". Comings and Goings. Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. 41 (32): 10–11. August 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ SOD (August 5, 2016). "MOLLY BURNETT ON GH RUN". Soap Opera Digest. United States: American Media, Inc. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ SOD (July 15, 2016). "KIRSTEN STORMS'S GH RETURN DATE ANNOUNCED!". Soap Opera Digest. United States. American Media Inc. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ SOD (August 3, 2016). "KIRSTEN STORMS ON GH BREAK". Soap Opera Digest. United States. American Media Inc. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Giddens, Jamey (March 10, 2017). "Kirsten Storms Takes a Break From General Hospital". Daytime Confidential. United States: Confidential Media, Inc. (SAY Media). Retrieved March 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ SOD (June 7, 2017). "Kirsten Storms Teases GH Return". Soap Opera Digest. United States: American Media, Inc. Odyssey Magazine Publishing Group Inc. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (June 16, 2017). "Kirsten Storms Back To Work At General Hospital!". On-Air On-Soaps. United States: Michael Fairman Soaps, Inc. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who's Coming". Comings and Goings. Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. 42 (31): 12–13. July 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Stacy, Tom (July 3, 2007). "Catching Up With ... Andrew St. John". Soap Opera Digest. soapoperadigest.com. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
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text:
The Tortilla Curtain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the border fence, see Mexico–United States barrier.
Tortilla Curtain
First US edition cover
Author
T. C. Boyle
Cover artist
Neil Stuart
Country
United States
Language
English
Publisher
Viking Press
Publication date
1995
Media type
Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages
368 p.
ISBN
0-670-85604-5
OCLC
31900353
Dewey Decimal
813/.54 20
LC Class
PS3552.O932 T67 1995
The Tortilla Curtain (1995) is a novel by U.S. author T.C. Boyle about middle-class values, illegal immigration, xenophobia, poverty, and environmental destruction. In 1997 it was awarded the French Prix Médicis Étranger prize for best foreign novel.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Book information
3 Similar and related works
4 Adaptations
5 References
6 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Cándido Rincón (33) and América (his pregnant common law wife, 17) are two Mexicans who enter the United States illegally, dreaming of the good life in their own little house somewhere in California. Meanwhile, they are homeless and camping at the bottom of the Topanga Canyon area of Los Angeles, in the hills above Malibu. Another couple, Delaney and Kyra Mossbacher, have recently moved into a gated community on top of Topanga, in order to be closer to nature yet be close enough to the city to enjoy those amenities. Kyra is a successful real estate agent while Delaney keeps house, looks after Kyra's son by her first marriage and writes a regular column for an environmentalist magazine.
The two couples' paths cross unexpectedly when Cándido is hit and injured by Delaney, who is driving his car along the suburban roads near his home. For different reasons, each man prefers not to call the police or an ambulance. Cándido is afraid of being deported and Delaney is afraid of ruining his perfect driving record. Delaney soothes his conscience by giving Cándido "$20 blood money," explaining to Kyra that "He's a Mexican." From that moment on, the lives of the two couples are constantly influenced by the others.
After the accident, Cándido's problems deepen. At first he can't work after being injured by the car crash and when he does not find a temporary job at a local work exchange anymore, he unavailingly tries to find one in the city, hoping to save money for an apartment in the North despite the low wages offered. With América, his wife, pregnant, his shame at not being able to get a job and procure a home and food for his family increases, especially when América decides to find some illegal—and possibly dangerous—work herself. At one point in the novel, after Cándido is robbed by some Mexicans in the city, they are forced to go through the trash cans behind a fast-food restaurant so as not to starve.
The Mossbachers, Delaney's family, are also having problems of their own, though of an altogether different nature. Comfortably settled in their new home, in a gated community, they are faced with the cruelty of nature when one of their two pet dogs is killed by a coyote. In addition, the majority of inhabitants of their exclusive estate feel increasingly disturbed and threatened by the presence of—as they see it—potentially criminal, illegal immigrants and vote for a wall to be built around the whole estate.
Cándido has a stroke of luck when he is given a free turkey at a grocery store by another customer, who has just received it through the store's Thanksgiving promotion. When Cándido starts roasting the bird back in their shelter, he inadvertently causes a fire which spreads so quickly that even the gated community the Mossbachers live in has to be evacuated.
In the midst of the escalating disasters, América gives birth to Socorro, a daughter, who she suspects might be blind. But the couple has no money to see the doctor. Delaney stalks Cándido back to their shack. He carries a gun, but does not intend to kill Cándido with it. Meanwhile, América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped, as she suspects that the baby's blindness was caused by a venereal disease transmitted by the rapist. Just as she is telling him this, Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido about the forest fire, when the shack is knocked over in a landslide. Cándido and América manage to save themselves, but Socorro drowns in a river. The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river. Time and again in the novel, however, it is hinted at that the real perpetrators can be found inside rather than outside the projected wall: well-to-do people insensitive to the plight of the have-nots.
Book information[edit]
Tortilla Curtain by T.C. Boyle
Hardcover – ISBN 0-670-85604-5 (1995, First Edition)
Hardcover – ISBN 1-56895-287-2 (1996, Large Type Edition)
Paperback – ISBN 0-14-023828-X (1996)
Similar and related works[edit]
In Bharati Mukherjee's novel Jasmine (1989), a young Indian woman living as an illegal alien in the United States tries to make ends meet.
American musical group Eddie From Ohio's song "Cándido & América" is based on the novel.
Adaptations[edit]
A script was completed by Dayan Ballweg in about 2003 and a planned film adaptation was announced at that time.[2] By early 2007, Kevin Costner and Meg Ryan were attached to the project. It was slated for release in 2010,[3][4] but has been pushed back with no known release date as of March 2012.
Playwright Matthew Spangler adapted Tortilla Curtain for the stage. It received its world premiere production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in March/April 2012.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ About The Author. T.C. Boyle
Jump up ^ Film Jerk article
Jump up ^ Hollywood.com
Jump up ^ IMDB
External links[edit]
[1] Reader's Guide on the publisher's website]
[hide]
v
t
e
Works by T. C. Boyle
Novels
Water Music
Budding Prospects
World's End
East Is East
The Road to Wellville
The Tortilla Curtain
Riven Rock
A Friend of the Earth
Drop City
The Inner Circle
Talk Talk
The Women
When the Killing's Done
San Miguel
The Harder They Come
The Terranauts
Short story collections
Descent of Man
Greasy Lake
If the River Was Whiskey
Without a Hero
T.C. Boyle Stories
After the Plague
Tooth and Claw
The Human Fly
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text:
Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the American song. For the Italian song from 1971, see Che sarà. For other uses, see Que será.
"Que Será, Será"
Doris Day performing the song in the 1956 film The Man Who Knew Too Much.
Single by Doris Day
English title
"Whatever Will Be, Will Be"
Released
1956
Genre
Popular music, schlager
Label
Columbia
Composer(s)
Jay Livingston
Lyricist(s)
Ray Evans
"Que Será, Será (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)",[1] first published in 1956, is a popular song written by the songwriting team of Jay Livingston and Ray Evans.[2] The song was introduced in the Alfred Hitchcock film The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956),[3] starring Doris Day and James Stewart in the lead roles.[2]
Day's recording of the song for Columbia Records (catalog number 40704) made it to number two on the Billboard Hot 100[4] and number one in the UK Singles Chart.[2] From 1968 to 1973, it was the theme song for the sitcom The Doris Day Show, becoming her signature song.[5][6] The three verses of the song progress through the life of the narrator—from childhood, through young adulthood and falling in love, to parenthood—and each asks "What will I be?" or "What lies ahead?" The chorus repeats the answer: "What will be, will be." It reached the Billboard magazine charts in July 1956. The song in The Man Who Knew Too Much received the 1956 Academy Award for Best Original Song with the alternative title "Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Será, Será)".[3] It was the third Oscar in this category for Livingston and Evans, who previously won in 1948 and 1950.[2] In 2004 it finished at #48 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema.
The title sequence of the Hitchcock film gives the song title as "Whatever Will Be". It was a #1 hit in Australia for pop singer Normie Rowe in September 1965.
Contents
[hide]
1 Language in title and lyrics
2 Other uses of the song and phrase
3 Normie Rowe
4 Other versions
5 References
6 External links
Language in title and lyrics[edit]
The popularity of the song has led to curiosity about the origins of the saying and the identity of its language. Both the Spanish-like spelling used by Livingston and Evans and an Italian-like form ("che sarà sarà") are first documented in the 16th century as an English heraldic motto.[7] The "Spanish" form appears on a brass plaque in the Church of St. Nicholas, Thames Ditton, Surrey, dated 1559.[8] The "Italian" form was first adopted as a family motto by either John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford, or his son, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford. It is said by some sources to have been adopted by the elder Russell after his experience at the Battle of Pavia (1525), and to be engraved on his tomb (1555 N.S.).[9][10] The 2nd Earl's adoption of the motto is commemorated in a manuscript dated 1582.[11] Their successors—Earls and, later, Dukes of Bedford ("Sixth Creation"), as well as other aristocratic families—continued to use the motto. Soon after its adoption as a heraldic motto, it appeared in Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus (written ca. 1590; published 1604), whose text[12] (Act 1, Scene 1) contains a line with the archaic Italian spelling "Che sera, sera / What will be, shall be".[13] Early in the 17th century the saying begins to appear in the speech and thoughts of fictional characters as a spontaneous expression of a fatalistic attitude.
The saying is always in an English-speaking context, and has no history in Spain, Italy, or France, and in fact is ungrammatical in all three Romance languages.[14] It is composed of Spanish or Italian words superimposed on English syntax. It was evidently formed by a word-for-word mistranslation of English "What will be will be", merging the free relative pronoun what (= "that which") with the interrogative what?[15]
Livingston and Evans had some knowledge of Spanish, and early in their career they worked together as musicians on cruise ships to the Caribbean and South America. Composer Jay Livingston had seen the 1954 Hollywood film The Barefoot Contessa, in which a fictional Italian family has the motto "Che sarà sarà" carved in stone at their ancestral mansion. He immediately wrote it down as a possible song title, and he and lyricist Ray Evans later gave it a Spanish spelling "because there are so many Spanish-speaking people in the world".[16][17][18]
In modern times, thanks to the popularity of the song and its many translations, the phrase has been adopted in countries around the world to name a variety of entities, including books, movies, restaurants, vacation rentals, airplanes, and race horses.[19]
Other uses of the song and phrase[edit]
This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (June 2017)
In 1956 Que Sera, Sera was the name given to a US Navy C-47 Skytrain[20] which, on October 31, 1956, was the first aircraft to land on the South Pole (Operation Deep Freeze II), commanded by Rear Admiral George Dufek.[21]
In the 1960 film Please Don't Eat the Daisies, Doris Day sings a snippet of "Qué Será Será" to her co-star, David Niven, who plays her character's husband.[22]
In 1987 Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam used the phrase in the song "Lost in Emotion".
In the 1988 movie Heathers, it is played during the opening and closing credits. The opening title scene features Syd Straw singing the song; Sly and The Family Stone's 1973 cover is used for the end credits.
In the 1989 pilot of the TV drama Quantum Leap, Dr. Sam Beckett must administer an IV solution of alcohol to a woman to stop her preterm labor, and once inebriated, she launches into an a capella version of the song, prompting the doctors to laugh, "We've got Doris Day for a patient."
In 1994, the song was used in the Simpsons episode "Bart's Comet". It is sung by several characters as they wait for a comet to destroy Springfield, only to have it burn up and be no bigger than a Chihuahua's head. It is also featured in the 2005 episode "There's Something About Marrying".
The 2000 Hindi film Pukar has a song, "Kay Sera Sera", based on this.
In 2005, the song was adopted by fans of the Australian football team after the team qualified for the 2006 World Cup finals, changing the lyrics as such: "Que sera sera, Whatever will be will be, We're going to Germany".[23]
The song is regularly sung at English football matches when a team is progressing to the next round of a competition that will ultimately lead them to Wembley Stadium.[24] The chorus's second line is changed to "Que Sera, Sera, whatever will be, will be, we're going to Wembley, Que Sera, Sera".
The 2009 Said the Whale song "Goodnight Moon" directly references the song's second verse, with the lyrics "Oh que sera sera / Whatever will be will be / The future belongs to me / And I belong to you".
It appears in the 2009 indie film Mary and Max.
"Que sera sera" appears in the lyrics of an otherwise unrelated song recorded by the J-pop band Aicle in 2010.
Miley Cyrus performed an otherwise unrelated song that incorporates the phrase, for the soundtrack of the final (2010) season of the series Hannah Montana.
Teaser promos for American Horror Story: Asylum featured the song as performed by Pink Martini.
In 2015, the song was used in an anti-smoking public service announcement for the New York State Department of Health.
The 2015 Canadian musical animated short Carface is also set to the song, as performed by a 1957 Chevy Bel Air cartoon character.[25]
The 2017 Season 5 finale of the TV show Bates Motel, "The Cord", features the song prominently.
Normie Rowe[edit]
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Single by Normie Rowe and the Playboys
B-side
"Shakin' All Over"
Released
1965
Format
45 rpm record
Genre
Pop
Label
Sunshine
Composer(s)
Ray Evans
Lyricist(s)
Jay Livingston
Producer(s)
Pat Aulton
Normie Rowe and the Playboys singles chronology
"I Confess"
(1965) "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
(1965) "Tell Him I'm Not Home"
(1965)
Australian pop singer Normie Rowe's 1965 recording of "Que Sera, Sera", which was produced by Pat Aulton on the Sunshine Record label (Sunshine QK 1103), was the biggest hit of his career, "the biggest Australian rock 'n roll hit of 1965",[26] and is reputed to be the biggest-selling Australian single of the 1960s.[27] The song was "done in the style of "Louie, Louie" and the manner of "Hang On Sloopy",[26] and given a "Merseybeat" treatment (in the manner of The Beatles' "Twist & Shout"), and was backed by Rowe's band The Playboys. It was paired with a powerful version of the Johnny Kidd & The Pirates' classic "Shakin' All Over", and the single became a double-sided No. 1 hit in most capitals (#1 Sydney, #1 Melbourne, #1 Brisbane, #1 Adelaide, and Perth).[28][29] in September 1965, charting for 28 weeks and selling in unprecedented numbers, with Rock historian Ian McFarlane reporting sales of 80,000 copies,[27][30] while 1970s encyclopedist Noel McGrath claimed sales of 100,000.[31] Rowe scored another first in October 1965 when "Que Sera Sera" became his third hit single in the Melbourne Top 40 simultaneously. In 1965 Rowe received a gold record for "Que Sera, Sera" at Sydney's prestigious Chevron Hotel.[32] In December 1965 the master of Rowe's version was purchased by Jay-Gee Records for release in the USA.[33] In April 1966 Rowe received a second gold record for the sales of "Que Sera, Sera".[34] In August 1966 Rowe won Radio 5KA's annual best male vocal award for "Que Sera, Sera".[35] In 2006 Rowe released a newly recorded version, which was released by ABC via iTunes, and later adding "the whole digital mix with a radio mix and a dance mix".[36]
Other versions[edit]
This section contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Where appropriate, incorporate items into the main body of the article. (August 2016)
Other versions of "Que Sera, Sera" include:[29]
English-language versions
Connie Francis (USA 1962)
The High Keys (Atco 6268; USA June 1963)[37] USA #48 (September 1963)[38]
Los Moonlights (RCA; Mexico 1964)[39]
Earl Royce & The Olympics (Columbia; UK 1964; Tower 137; USA 1965)[40]
P.J. Proby as "Whatever Will Be" (Liberty LRP-3406/LST-7406; UK 1964)[41]
Alvin and the Chipmunks (Liberty; USA 1965, 1969)
The Lords (Columbia; West Germany 1965)
Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band (Piccadilly 7N 35346) b/w "All I Need", (UK #43, April 1966; #43 October 1966)[42][43]
The Shirelles (Scepter 12150; USA 1966)[44]
Mary Hopkin produced by Paul McCartney (Apple 1823; USA June 1970)[45] Reached #77 on the Billboard Hot 100, but #7 on their Adult Contemporary chart.
Sly and the Family Stone (Columbia Epic KE 32134; USA June 1973)[46]
The Raes (reached #15 in Canada July 1977)
Natalie Cole (Capitol SKBL-11709; USA 1978)[47]
Shakin' Stevens took the track to #2 in the UK singles charts as part of an extended play release in 1982.
Johnny Thunders (Jungle Records, on the album Que Sera Sera; UK 1985)
K Foundation Presents the Red Army Choir as 'K Cera Cera' (NMC Music; Israel & Palestine 1993)
Holly Cole, "Don't Smoke in Bed" (1993; Manhattan imprint of Capitol Records)
Pink Martini (Heinz Records; USA 1997)
Andrew Liles (Infraction INFX 006; USA 2003)
Wax Tailor (Lab'Oratoire Le Plan; France 2004)
Melinda Schneider, Australian singer, for her Doris Day tribute album, Melinda Does Doris
Corinne Bailey Rae, performed an extended live version on her Grammy Award winning The Love EP (Capitol 2011)
Mandy Gonzalez American Singer, for her album "Fearless"
Non-English versions
A Cantonese version sung by Hong Kong singer Stephanie Cheng (鄭融) with the title "Whatever Will Be", which is a remake of the original song.
A Dutch version by Jo Leemans recorded in 1956, which hit the Belgian charts in December 1956.[48]
An Estonian version "Ei me ette tea" (lyrics translated by Heldur Karmo), which literally means "We don't know, what's coming", performed originally by Estonian singer Heli Lääts (available on several CD-s), later covered also by Marju Länik, Parvepoisid and other Estonian artists.
A French version performed by French singer and actress Line Renaud on "100 Classic French Songs" CD.
A French version performed by French singer and actress Dorothée on two TV shows in 1987 and 1991.
A German version "Was kann schöner sein" performed originally by Swiss singer Lys Assia, later sung also by Greek artist Nana Mouskouri.
A Hindi version set to a different tune by A. R. Rahman for Hindi film Pukar was sung by Kavita Krishnamurthy and Shankar Mahadevan.
A Hungarian version sung by Zsuzsa Koncz with the Hungarian title "Ahogy lesz, úgy lesz", lyrics written by János Bródy.
Two Icelandic versions, one sung by Ingibjörg Smith, the other by Elva Ósk Óskarsdóttir. Both bear the title "Oft spurði ég mömmu", taken from the first line of the song. It translates to "Often I asked my mum".
A Japanese version in the 1999 anime film My Neighbors the Yamadas, arranged by Akiko Yano.
A Latvian version "Mīļais nesteidzies", which literally means "Darling, don't rush"
A Mandarin version sung by Bai Guang(Chinese:白光) with the Chinese title 世事多變化, which literally means "Things of the world are fickle", was recorded in 1965. Teresa Teng (鄧麗君) also covered this song.
A Mandarin version sung by Grace Chang(Chinese:葛蘭 or 葛兰) with the Chinese title 將來是個謎 / 将来是个谜, which literally means "The future is a riddle", was recorded in 1965.
A Polish version (text by Ryszard Kiersnowski) sung by Renata Bogdanska with Dance Orchestra of Ryszard Frank was recorded in 1957 (78 rpm: Polonia (London) Cat. 210 Op. 294; LP: Melodia (Chicago) LPM 1028); published both under the original title and under the Polish title Co ma być, to będzie.
A Spanish version sung by actress/singer Lolita Torres recorded in 1965.
A Tamil version with a different tune was sung by AM. Rajah and Jikki called Chinna Pennana Pothilley in 1957 for a Tamil movie Arrivali.[49]
A Telugu version sung by actress/singer P. Bhanumati in the 1965 Telugu movie "Todu-Needa".
A Yiddish version (Barclay 86034) was recorded in 1958 by comedian Dave Cash with Didier Boland and his orchestra.[50][51]
A Catalan version performed by Cor de Cambra de Granollers in the 2014 documentary film L'endemà, arranged by Albert Guinovart.

Instrumental versions
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Front cover of Livingston & Evans sheet music.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Roberts (2006:135)
^ Jump up to: a b Leigh (2001)
Jump up ^ Whitburn (1987)
Jump up ^ "Que Será, Será (Whatever Will Be, Will Be) by Doris Day". SongFacts.com. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Que Será, Será lyrics". Octoberfest Songs. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Jump up ^ The Italian-like and Spanish-like forms are preceded in history by a unique, French-like form, spelled "quy serra serra", which appears as a marginal gloss to—and contemporary with—a poem written shortly after the 1471 Battle of Barnet. Rare instances of the French-like spelling "qui sera sera" continue to appear up to the present (Hartman 2013: 67-68).
Jump up ^ Hartman (2013:69)
Jump up ^ Foster (1884:69)
Jump up ^ Einstein (1902:98)
Jump up ^ Hartman (2013:70–71)
Jump up ^ The tragical history of dr. Faustus, Full books .
Jump up ^ "Search results for "che sarà, sarà" - Wiktionary".
Jump up ^ Hartman (2013:51-52)
Jump up ^ Hartman (2013:56-59)
Jump up ^ "Anecdotes" (n.d.)
Jump up ^ Pomerance (2001)
Jump up ^ Pomerance says "Written one night after they saw The Barefoot Contessa, in which [the character played by] Rossano Brazzi says near the end, 'Che sera sera' [sic]. Livingston jotted down the words in the dark and they 'knocked off the song' afterwards. Two weeks later the call from Hitchcock came through. [Conversation with Livingston, September 18, 1995.]"
Jump up ^ Hartman (2013:79–80)
Jump up ^ "Aviation History Facts". US Centennial of Flight. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. .
Jump up ^ Gunston (2001:98)
Jump up ^ Curly B (8 February 2014). "Que Sera Sera". YouTube. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The early morning sun shines on Uruguay's true-blue Aussie fans - Football". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ YouTube, Google .
Jump up ^ Amidi, Amid (13 October 2015). "'Now I Hate to Draw Cars:' An Interview with 'Carface' Director Claude Cloutier". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Eder, Bruce, Normie Rowe, VH1 .
^ Jump up to: a b O'Donnell, Creswell & Madieson (2010:228)
Jump up ^ Feature Item, AU: Pop archives .
^ Jump up to: a b Normie Rowe & the playboys: Que Sera Sera, AU: Pop archives .
Jump up ^ McFarlane (1999)
Jump up ^ McGrath (1978)
Jump up ^ Griffen-Foley (2010:266)
Jump up ^ "Jay-Gee Acquires" (1965)
Jump up ^ Hilder (1966:266)
Jump up ^ "Thorpe Gets Aussie Award" (1966)
Jump up ^ Cashmere, Paul (16 November 2006), Normie Rowe Records New Don Walker Song, Undercover, retrieved 8 August 2012 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : The High Keys", Billboard, p. 38, 29 June 1963 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : The High Keys", Billboard, Hot 100, p. 20, 14 September 1963 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Los Moonlights", Billboard, p. 30, 9 May 1964 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Earl Royce", Billboard, p. 59, 15 May 1965 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : P.J. Proby", Billboard, p. 35, 30 January 1965 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Geno Washington", Billboard, p. 54, 2 April 1966 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Geno Washington", Billboard, p. 42, 29 October 1966 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : The Shirelles", Billboard, p. 16, 11 June 1966 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Mary Hopkin", Billboard, pp. 62, 71, 27 June 1970 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Sly and the Family Stone", Billboard, p. 76, 23 June 1973 .
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera : Natalie Cole", Billboard, p. 69, 8 July 1978 .
Jump up ^ "Jo Leemans - Het Belgisch Pop & Rock Archief". Houbi.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube
Jump up ^ "Que Sera, Sera :Dave Cash", Lumière et Vie (36–40): 136, 1958 .
Jump up ^ Cash, David ‘Dave’; Boland, Didier, Que sera, sera (in Yiddish), You tube .
Bibliography
"Anecdotes: Ray Evans (1915–2007)", Art Daily (online), n.d., archived from the original on 2007-07-13
Einstein, Lewis (1902), The Italian Renaissance in England, New York: Burt Franklin
Foster, J. J. (1884), "The Founder of the Russell Family", The Antiquary, 10: 69–71
Griffen-Foley, Bridget (2010), Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio, Sydney: UNSW Press
Gunston, Bill, ed. (2001), Aviation Year by Year, London: Dorling Kindersley
Hartman, Lee (2013), "Que Sera Sera: The English Roots of a Pseudo-Spanish Proverb", Proverbium, 30: 51–104
Hilder, George (9 April 1966), "Sydney", Billboard: 52
"Hot 100", Billboard: 20, 14 September 1963
"Jay-Gee Acquires", Billboard: 4, 11 December 1965
Leigh, Spencer (19 October 2001), "Obituary: Jay Livingston", The Independent
McFarlane, Ian (1999), Encyclopedia of Australian Rock & Pop, Sydney: Allen & Unwin
McGrath, Noel (1978), Australian Encyclopedia of Rock, Coolah, NSW: Outback Press
O'Donnell, John; Creswell, Toby; Mathieson, Craig (2010), The 100 Best Australian Albums, Richmond, Victoria (Australia): Hardie Grant
Pomerance, Murray (2001), "The Future's Not Ours To See: Song, Singer, Labyrinth in Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much", in Wojcik, Pamela Robertson; Knight, Arthur, Soundtrack Available: Essays on Film and Popular Music, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, pp. 53–73
Roberts, David (2006), British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.), London: Guinness World Records, ISBN 1-904994-10-5
"Thorpe Gets Aussie Award", Billboard: 66, 13 August 1966
Whitburn, Joel (1987), The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (3rd ed.), New York: Billboard Publications, ISBN 0-8230-7520-6
External links[edit]
Day, Doris (1956), "Que Sera, Sera", The Man Who Knew Too Much, You tube .
Rowe, Normie (1965), "Que Sera, Sera", You tube, Google .
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Doris Day
Solo albums
You're My Thrill (1949)
Young Man with a Horn (1950)
Tea for Two (1950)
Lullaby of Broadway (1951)
On Moonlight Bay (1951)
I'll See You in My Dreams (1951)
By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953)
Calamity Jane (1953)
Young at Heart (1954)
Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
Day Dreams (1955)
Day by Day (1956)
The Pajama Game (1957)
Day by Night (1957)
Hooray for Hollywood (1958; 1959)
Cuttin' Capers (1959)
What Every Girl Should Know (1960)
Show Time (1960)
Bright and Shiny (1961)
I Have Dreamed (1961)
Duet (1962)
You'll Never Walk Alone (1962)
Billy Rose's Jumbo (1962)
Annie Get Your Gun (1963)
Love Him (1963)
The Doris Day Christmas Album (1964)
With a Smile and a Song (1964)
Latin for Lovers (1965)
Doris Day's Sentimental Journey (1965)
The Love Album (1994)
My Heart (2011)
Singles
"Again"
"Ain't We Got Fun"
"Any Way the Wind Blows"
"By the Light of the Silvery Moon"
"Confess"
"The Deadwood Stage (Whip-Crack-Away!)"
"Everybody Loves a Lover"
"If I Give My Heart to You"
"If You Were the Only Girl (In the World)"
"It's Magic"
"Love Somebody"
"Lullaby of Broadway"
"Move Over Darling"
"My Darling, My Darling"
"My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time"
"My Love and Devotion"
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
"Secret Love"
"Sentimental Journey"
"Thoughtless"
"(Why Did I Tell You I Was Going To) Shanghai"
"Sugar Bush"
"You Should Have Told Me"
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episodes
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Kikki Danielsson
Studio albums
Rock'n Yodel (1979)
Just Like a Woman (1981)
Kikki (1982)
Singles Bar (1983 )
Midnight Sunshine (1984)
Bra vibrationer (1985)
Papaya Coconut (1986)
Min barndoms jular (1987)
Canzone d'Amore (1989)
Vägen hem till dej (1991)
Jag ska aldrig lämna dig (1992)
Nu är det advent (2001)
Första dagen på resten av mitt liv (2011)
Postcard from a Painted Lady (2015)
Other albums
Varför är kärleken röd? (1983)
Kikkis 15 bästa låtar (1984)
På begäran (1990)
In Country (1992)
Långt bortom bergen (1997)
I mitt hjärta (1999)
Fri – En samling (2001)
I dag & i morgon (2006)
Kikkis bästa (2008)
Songs
"9 to 5"
"Bra vibrationer"
"Comment ça va"
"Dag efter dag"
"En enda gång"
"En timme för sent"
"I dag & i morgon"
"I kväll jag tänder ett ljus"
"Papaya Coconut"
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
"Varför är kärleken röd?"
"Waiting for the Morning"
Related articles
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20 år med oss – Vem é dé du vill ha
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Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
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Music: Con Conrad
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"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
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"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
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"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
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"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
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1941–1950
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Music: Jerome Kern
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"White Christmas"
Music and lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
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"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
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"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
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"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
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Bone marrow (food)
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The bone marrow of animals is widely used by humans as food. It consists of yellow marrow contained in long bones. There is also red marrow, this contains more nutrients than yellow marrow. It may be found in bone-in cuts of meat purchased from a butcher or supermarket.
In some parts of Germany, beef soup is served with Markklößchen (bone marrow balls).
Sapu Mhichā, leaf tripe bag stuffed with bone marrow, is a delicacy among the Newars of Kathmandu.
History[edit]
Many cultures have used bone marrow as food throughout history. Some anthropologists believe that early humans were scavengers rather than hunters in some regions of the world. Marrow would have been a useful food source (largely due to its fat content) for tool-using hominids, who were able to crack open the bones of carcasses left by apex predators such as lions.[1]
European diners in the 18th century often used a marrow scoop (or marrow spoon), often of silver and with a long, thin bowl, as a table implement for removing marrow from a bone. Bone marrow was also used in various preparations, such as pemmican. Bone marrow's popularity as a food is now relatively limited in the western world, but it remains in use in some gourmet restaurants, and is popular among food enthusiasts.[2]
Around the world[edit]
In Vietnam, beef bone marrow is used as the soup base for the national staple dish, phở, while in the Philippines, the soup bulalo is made primarily of beef stock and marrow bones, seasoned with vegetables and boiled meat; a similar soup in the Philippines is called kansi.[3] In Indonesia, bone marrow is called sumsum and can be found especially in Minangkabau cuisine. Sumsum is often cooked as soup or as gulai (a curry-like dish). In India and Pakistan, slow-cooked marrow is the core ingredient of the dish nalli nihari.[citation needed] In China, pig tibia is used to make slow-cooked soup, with one or both ends of the tibia chopped off. After the soup is done, the marrow would be scooped out with chopsticks. In some restaurants, cooked pig tibia would be served with a drinking straw specifically for sucking out the semi-liquified marrow.
In Hungary, tibia is a main ingredient of beef soup; the bone is chopped into 10–15 cm pieces, and the ends are covered with salt to prevent the marrow from leaking from the bone while cooking. Upon serving the soup, the marrow is usually spread on toast.[citation needed]
Beef bone marrow is also the main ingredient in Italian dish ossobuco (braised veal shanks), and beef marrow bones are often included in the French pot-au-feu broth, the cooked marrow being traditionally eaten on toasted bread with sprinkled coarse sea salt.[citation needed]
In Iranian cuisine, lamb shanks are usually broken before cooking to allow diners to suck out and eat the marrow when the dish is served. Similar practices are also common in Pakistani and Lebanese cuisine. Some Native Alaskans eat the bone marrow of caribou and moose.[citation needed]
In Kathmandu, Nepal, Sapu Mhichā, which is a leaf tripe bag stuffed with bone marrow, is a delicacy served during special occasions. The bag is boiled and fried, and is eaten when the marrow is still molten.[4]
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Bruce Bower. "Hunting ancient scavengers – some anthropologists say early humans were scavengers, not hunters". Science News. 9 March 1985. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
Jump up ^ La Petite Bouche (Food Blog): Roasted Bone Marrow Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kansi". Flickr. 22 February 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma; Mānandhara, Triratna; Joshi, Shankar Lal (1993). Social History of Nepal. Anmol Publications. p. 168. ISBN 9788170417996.

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