text:
The Fosters (season 5)
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The Fosters (season 5)
Starring
Teri Polo
Sherri Saum
Hayden Byerly
David Lambert
Maia Mitchell
Danny Nucci
Cierra Ramirez
Noah Centineo
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
19
Release
Original network
Freeform
Original release
July 11, 2017 (2017-07-11) – present
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 4
List of The Fosters episodes
The fifth season of The Fosters premiered on July 11, 2017.[1][2][3] The season will consist of 19 episodes[4] and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who have adopted a girl (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latino twin teenagers (Cierra Ramirez and Noah Centineo) and Stef's biological son (David Lambert). Danny Nucci also returns as Mike Foster in a semi-series regular role.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main cast
2 Episodes
3 References
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Teri Polo as Stef Adams Foster
Sherri Saum as Lena Adams Foster
Hayden Byerly as Jude Adams Foster
Noah Centineo as Jesus Adams Foster
David Lambert as Brandon Foster
Maia Mitchell as Callie Adams Foster
Danny Nucci as Mike Foster1
Cierra Ramirez as Mariana Adams Foster
^Note 1 : Danny Nucci is only credited as a series regular for the episodes he appears in.
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of The Fosters episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
83
1 "Resist" Peter Paige Bradley Bredeweg & Peter Paige July 11, 2017 (2017-07-11) 0.87[5]
Stef frantically searches for Callie after she offers to help Diamond, thinking she has nothing to lose after accepting the plea deal. Struggling with his TBI, Jesus unleashes his anger after discovering Brandon helped Emma with a deeply personal decision. With Mariana leading the charge, protests continue over Anchor Beach Charter’s privatization.
84
2 "Exterminate Her" Danny Nucci Joanna Johnson July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18) 0.69[6]
Callie gets control of her life and applies to audit art classes at a local college. Jesus distances himself from Mariana and Brandon so he can build his treehouse with Gabe alone. The Fosters get a new neighbor.
85
3 "Contact" Aprill Winney Anne Meredith July 25, 2017 (2017-07-25) 0.76[7]
Callie and Aaron go on their first official date. Mariana and Jude spearhead an underground school newspaper. Noah and Jude question their compatibility, while Brandon and Grace take their relationship to the next level. The moms have their new neighbors over for a family dinner party.
86
4 "Too Fast, Too Furious" Tate Donovan Cristian Martinez August 1, 2017 (2017-08-01) 0.66[8]
Callie and Aaron discuss taking their relationship to the next level. Mariana finds fulfillment training with the Latina derby team. Brandon’s new girlfriend Grace catches him playing hero to his ex-girlfriend Courtney.
87
5 "Telling" Anne Renton Kris Q. Rehl August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08) 0.69[9]
The Fosters kids attend a party at the Derby warehouse, but things escalate quickly when the cops show up. Lena struggles when Stef starts to become obsessed with an ongoing case at work, meanwhile Brandon’s relationship with Grace is put into jeopardy with Courtney back in his life.
88
6 "Welcome to the Jungler" Kelli Williams Megan Lynn & Wade Solomon August 15, 2017 (2017-08-15) 0.61[10]
Callie is torn with turning over a new leaf or supporting a cause that means a lot to her, while Jude and Taylor begin making gaming videos that earn them unwanted notoriety. Stef makes major headway in her case.
89
7 "Chasing Waterfalls" Chandra Wilson Bradley Bredeweg & Peter Paige August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22) 0.58[11]
Lena’s parents are back in town for a visit, while Callie and Aaron get closer than ever before. Mariana tries to get closer to Logan, but it backfires when his girlfriend catches wind of it.
90
8 "Engaged" Kees Van Oostrum Megan Lynn & Wade Solomon August 29, 2017 (2017-08-29) 0.58[12]
Brandon throws a party which turns south when secrets are revealed. Mariana and Jude try to convince the students to vote against their school going private.
91
9 "Prom" Joanna Johnson Joanna Johnson September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05) 0.74[13]
On prom night at Anchor Beach, Grace’s mom has a candid conversation with Brandon, while Ximena faces a life-altering decision when ICE agents show up at prom, meanwhile Mariana meets her crushes girlfriend, and Jesus gets back with Emma.
92
10 "Sanctuary"[14] Rob Morrow[15] TBA January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09) TBD
93
11 "Invisible"[16] TBA TBA January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16) TBD
94
12 "#IWasMadeinAmerica"[17] TBA TBA January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23) TBD
95
13 "Third Wheels"[18] TBA TBA January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30) TBD
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael; Ausiello, Michael (6 March 2017). "The Fosters, Shadowhunters, Stitchers Return Dates Set at Freeform". tvline.com. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'The Fosters' EP Unpacks That Heart-Stopping Finale and Dishes on Season 5". ew.com. April 12, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (March 6, 2017). "Freeform Summer Schedule: 'Shadowhunters' Return and Debut of Cosmo-Inspired Series 'The Bold Type'". variety.com. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bredeweg, Bradley (December 6, 2017). "Surprise! We have an extra finale episode this season! #TheFosters Supersized!". twitter.com. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (July 12, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.11.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (July 19, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.18.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (July 26, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.25.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 2, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.1.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 9, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.8.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 16, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.15.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 23, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.22.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 30, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.29.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 7, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.5.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#5010) "Sanctuary"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Morrow, Rob (September 14, 2017). "Getting it done w/sweet @MaiaMitchell @TheFostersTV @FreeformTV Ep. 1 season 5B". Twitter. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#5011) "Invisible"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#5012) "#IWasMadeInAmerica"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#5013) "Third Wheels"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
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text:
List of songs written by Stephen Foster
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of songs written by Stephen Foster (1826-1864) including those published posthumously. Foster may have written words and/or music for each song.
Several of Foster's songs have alternate titles which are included in the "Title" column along with the original title. The original title is always given first.
Table[edit]
Sortable table
Title
Published
Publisher
Lyricist
Genre
"Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"All Day Long" 1864 (April) Holloway's Musical Monthly Magazine Clara Morton
"Anadolia" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Angelina Baker" or "Angelina the Baker" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"The Angels Are Singing Unto Me" 1863 Horace Waters[1]
"Annie My Own Love" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co. Charles P. Shiras
"The Anthenaeum Collection" 1863 Horace Waters
"Away Down South" or "Way Down Souf" 1848 W. C. Peters & Co.
"Beautiful Child of Song" 1860 Clark's School Visitor Magazine
"Beautiful Dreamer" 1864 Wm. A. Pond & Co. Published posthumously
"The Beautiful Shore" 1863 Horace Waters Mrs. O. S. Matteson
"Better Times Are Coming" or "Better Days Are Coming" 1862 Horace Waters
"The Bright Hills of Glory" 1863 Horace Waters Mary Ann Kidder
"Bring My Brother Back to Me" 1863 S. T. Gordon George Cooper
"Bury Me in the Morning, Mother" 1863 Horace Waters
"Camptown Races" or "Gwine to Run All Night" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"Cane Brake Jig" or "Plantation Jig" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Choral Harp" 1863 Horace Waters
"Come Where My Love Lies Dreaming" 1855 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Come With Thy Sweet Voice Again" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Comrades, Fill No Glass for Me" 1855 Miller & Beacham
"Cora Dean" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Dearer Than Life!" 1869 (February or March) The Demorest Monthly Magazine George Cooper
"Dolcy Jones" 1849 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Dolly Day" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"Don't Be Idle" 1863 Horace Waters Mary Ann Kidder
"Don't Bet Your Money On de Shanghai" 1861 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Down Among the Cane Brakes" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"A Dream of My Mother and My Home" or "I Dream of My Mother" or "A Dream of My Mother Land" 1862 Horace Waters
"Ellen Bayne" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Eulalie" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co. Henry Sylvester Cornwall
"Fairy Belle" 1859 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Farewell Mother Dear" 1861 John J. Daly
"Farewell My Lilly Dear" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Farewell Old Cottage" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Farewell Sweet Mother" 1861 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Fighting for the Flag Day and Night" 1865 Horace Waters
"For the Dear Old Flag, I Die" 1863 Horace Waters George Cooper
"For Thee Love for Thee" 1859 Firth, Pond & Co. William Henry McCarthy
"Friendship with the World" Joseph C. Ludgate hymn[2]
"Gentle Annie" 1859 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Gentle Lena Clare" 1862 S. T. Gordon
"Give the Stranger Happy Cheer" 1851 F. D. Benteen
"Give This to Mother" 1864 P. A. Wundermann S. W. Harding
"Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread" 1863 Horace Waters
"The Glendy Burk" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Great Baby Show" or "The Abolition Show" 1856 (September 26) Pittsburgh Post
"Happy Hours At Home" 1862 John J. Daly
"Hard Times Come Again No More" or "Hard Times" 1855 Firth, Pond & Co.
"He Leadeth Me Beside Still Waters" 1863 Horace Waters Joseph Gilmore
"Heavenly Echoes" 1867 C. M. Tremaine Complied by Horace Waters
"The Holiday Schottisch" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Hour for Thee & Me"
"Hurrah for the Bigler Boys" 1851 Fletcher Hodges, Jr.
"I Cannot Sing to Night" 1852 Firth, Pond & Co. George F. Banister
"I See Her Still in My Dreams" 1857 Firth, Pond & Co.
"I Will Be True to Thee" 1862 Horace Waters
"I Would Not Die In Spring Time" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"I Would Not Die In Summer Time" 1851 F. D. Benteen
"I'd Be a Fairy" 1863 S. T. Gordon
"I'll Be a Soldier" 1861 John J. Daly
"I'll Be Home to Morrow" 1862 Firth, Pond & Co.
"If You've Only Got a Moustache" 1864 Horace Waters George Cooper
"Irene" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Jennie's Own Schottisch" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Jenny June" 1863 Firth, Pond & Co. George Cooper
"Jenny's Coming O'er the Green" 1860 (July) Clark's School Visitor Magazine
"Katy Bell" 1863 S. T. Gordon George Cooper
"Kiss Me Dear Mother (Ere I Die)" 1869 Wm. A. Pond & Co.
"Kissing In the Dark" 1863 John J. Daly George Cooper
"Larry's Good Bye" 1853 S. T. Gordon George Cooper
"Laura Lee" 1851 F. D. Benteen
"Leave Me With My Mother" 1863 Horace Waters
"Lena Our Loved One is Gone" 1863 John J. Daly George Cooper
"Lily Ray" 1850 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Linda Has Departed" 1859 Firth, Pond & Co. William Henry McCarthy
"Linger In Blissful Repose" 1858 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Little Ballad Girl" or "'Tis My Father's Song" 1860 (December) Clark's School Visitor Magazine
"Little Belle Clair" 1861 John J. Daly
"Little Ella" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Little Ella's an Angel!" 1863 Horace Waters
"Little Jenny Dow" 1862 Horace Waters
"Little Mac! Little Mac! You're the Very Man" 1864 J. Marsh
"Lizzie Dies To-Night" 1861 (May) Clark's School Visitor Magazine Mary Rynon Reese
"Long-Ago Day" Shapiro, Bernstein & Co.
"Lou'siana Belle" 1847 W. C. Peters & Co.
"The Love I Bear to Thee" 1863 Horace Waters
"Lula Is Gone" 1858 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Maggie by My Side" 1852 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Maria Bach Waltz" 1944 Evelyn Foster Morneweck, Chronicles of Stephen Foster's Family
"Mary Loves the Flowers" 1850 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Massa's In de Cold Ground" 1852 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Melinda May" 1851 F. D. Benteen
"Merry Little Birds Are We" 1862 Horace Waters
"The Merry, Merry Month of May" 1862 (May) Clark's School Visitor Magazine
"Mine Is the Mourning Heart" 1861 (July) Clark's School Visitor Magazine
"Molly"
"Molly Dear Good Night" 1861 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Molly! Do You Love Me?" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"Mother, Thou'rt Faithful to Me" 1851 F. D. Benteen
"Mr. & Mrs. Brown" 1864 Horace Waters George Cooper
"My Angel Boy, I Cannot See Thee Die" 1865 Wm. A. Pond & Co. H. Brougham
"My Boy Is Coming From the War" 1863 S. T. Gordon George Cooper
"My Brudder Gum" 1849 Firth, Pond & Co.
"My Hopes Have Departed Forever" 1858 Firth, Pond & Co. James Gates Percival
"My Loved One and My Own" or "Eva" 1858 Firth, Pond & Co.
"My Old Kentucky Home, Good Night" or "My Old Kentucky Home" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"My Wife Is a Most Knowing Woman" 1863 Horace Waters George Cooper
"Nee and I" 1861 John J. Daly
"Nelly Bly" 1850 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Nelly Was a Lady" 1849 Firth, Pond & Co.
"No Home, No Home" 1862 John J. Daly
"None Shall Weep a Tear for Me" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co. Richard Henry Wilde
"Nothing But a Plain Old Soldier" 1863 John J. Daly
"Oh! 'Tis Glorious!" 1863 Horace Waters Edward Nevin
"Oh! Boys Carry Me 'Long" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Oh! Lemuel!" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"Oh! Susanna" or "Susanna" 1848 C. Holt, Jr. First performance 1847
"Oh! Tell Me of My Mother" 1861 John J. Daly
"Oh! There's No Such Girl As Mine" or "There's No Such Girl As Mine" 1863 Horace Waters Samuel Lover
"Oh, Why Am I So Happy?" 1863 Horace Waters Francis D. Murtha
"Old Black Joe" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Old Dog Tray" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Old Folks At Home" or "Swanee River" or "Way Down Upon de Swanee River" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Old Folks Quadrilles" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Old Memories" 1853 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Old Uncle Ned" or "Uncle Ted" 1848 Millets Music Saloon
"Once I Loved Thee Mary Dear" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co. William Cullen Crookshank
"Onward and Upward!" 1863 Horace Waters George Cooper
"Open Thy Lattice Love" 1844 George Willig Lyrics by George P. Morris
"Our Bright Summer Days Are Gone" or "Our Bright Bright Summer Days Are Gone" 1861 John J. Daly
"Our Willie Dear Is Dying" 1861 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Over the River" 1863 Horace Waters
"Parthenia to Ingomar" 1859 Firth, Pond & Co. William Henry McCarthy
"A Penny for Your Thoughts" 1861 Horace Waters
"Poor Drooping Maiden" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Praise the Lord!" 1867 C. M. Tremaine Complied by Horace Waters
"The Pure, The Bright, The Beautiful" 1863 Horace Waters
"Ring de Banjo" or "Ring, Ring, de Banjo!" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Sadly to Mine Heart Appealing" 1858 Firth, Pond & Co. Eliza Sheridan Carey
"Santa Anna's Retreat From Buena Vista" 1848 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Seek and Ye Shall Find" 1863 Horace Waters
"She Was All the World to Me" 1864 Horace Waters Dr. Duffy
"Sitting By My Own Cabin Door" 1864 John J. Daly
"Slumber My Darling" 1862 Horace Waters
"Soiree Polka" 1850 W. C. Peters
"A Soldier In de Colored Brigade" 1863 Firth, Pond & Co. George Cooper
"The Soldier's Home" 1863 S. T. Gordon George Cooper
"Some Folks" 1855 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Somebody's Coming to See Me to Night" 1864 D. S. Holmes George Cooper
"The Song of All Songs" 1863 D. S. Holmes
"The Spirit of My Song" 1850 F. D. Benteen Netta Victoria Fuller
"Stand Up For the Truth" 1863 Horace Waters
"Stay Summer Breath" 1848 W. C. Peters & Co.
"Suffer Little Children to Come Unto Me" 1863 Horace Waters
"Summer Longings" 1849 W. C. Peters & Co. Denis Florence McCarthy
"Sweet Emerald Isle That I Love So Well" 1866 John J. Daly George Cooper
"Sweet Little Maid of the Mountain" 1861 John J. Daly
"Sweetly She Sleeps, My Alice Fair" 1851 F. D. Benteen Charles G. Eastman
"Tears Bring Thoughts of Heaven" 1863 Horace Waters
"Tell Me Love of Thy Early Dreams" 1864 John J. Daly
"Tell Me of the Angels, Mother" 1864 John J. Daly
"That's What's the Matter" 1862 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Social Orchestra" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"There Are Plenty of Fish In the Sea" 1862 Horace Waters George Cooper
"There Was a Time" 1863 S. T. Gordon James D. Byrne
"There's a Good Time Coming" 1846 Peters & Field Charles Mackay
"This Rose Will Remind You" or "My Story of Love" Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. New lyrics by Jack Lawrence
"Thou Are the Queen of My Song" 1859 Firth, Pond & Co.
"A Thousand Miles From Home" 1870 John J. Daly
"The Tioga Waltz" 1896 Morrison Foster, Biography: Songs and Musical Compositions of Stephen C. Foster
"Turn Not Away!" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"Under the Willow She's Sleeping" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Village Bells, Polka" 1850 F. D. Benteen
"Village Festival (Quadrilles Nos. 1-4)" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Village Maiden" 1855 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Virginia Belle" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Voice of By Gone Days" 1850 Firth, Pond & Co.
"The Voices that Are Gone" 1865 Wm. A. Pond & Co.
"Was My Brother In the Battle?" 1862 Horace Waters
"Waters' Golden Harp" or "Water's Choral Harp" 1863 Horace Waters
"Way Down In Ca-i-ro" 1850 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Way Down South In Alabama" 1848 Millets Music Saloon
"We Are Coming Father Abraham, 300,000 More" 1862 S. T. Gordon James Sloane Gibbons
"We Will Keep a Bright Lookout" 1863 Horace Waters George Cooper
"We'll All Meet Our Saviour" 1863 Horace Waters
"We'll Still Keep Marching On" 1863 Horace Waters Mary Ann Kidder
"We'll Tune Our Hearts" 1863 Horace Waters
"We've a Million In the Field" 1862 S. T. Gordon
"What Does Every Good Child Say?" 1867 C. M. Tremaine Complied by Horace Waters
"What Must a Fairy's Dream Be?" 1847 W. C. Peters
"What Shall the Harvest Be?" 1863 Horace Waters Emily Sullivan Oakey
"When Dear Friends Are Gone" 1864 P. A. Wundermann
"When Old Friends Were Here" 1864 Horace Waters George Cooper
"When This Dreadful War Is Ended" or "When This War Is Ended" 1863 Horace Waters George Cooper
"Where Has Lula Gone" 1858 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Where Is Thy Spirit Mary" 1895 Geo. Mercer, Jr. View the archived, handwritten manuscript[3]
"Where We Work for the Lord" 1863 Horace Waters
"The White House Chair" 1856 (September 29) Pittsburgh Post
"Why Have My Loved Ones Gone?" 1861 Horace Waters
"Why No One to Love?" 1862 S. T. Gordon
"The Wife or He'll Come Home" 1860 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Willie Has Gone to War" 1863 Wm. A. Pond & Co. View the archived, handwritten manuscript[4]
"Willie My Brave" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Willie We Have Missed You" 1854 Firth, Pond & Co.
"Willie's Gone to Heaven" 1863 Horace Waters
"Wilt Thou Be Gone Love" 1851 Firth, Pond & Co. William Shakespeare
"Wilt Thou Be True?" 1864 Horace Waters George Cooper
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Horace Waters". www.hymntime.com.
Jump up ^ "Friendship with Jesus". Retrieved 2015-10-17.
Jump up ^ ""Where is Thy Spirit, Mary?," - Digital Pitt" (PDF). digital.library.pitt.edu.
Jump up ^ ""Willie Has Gone to War," - Digital Pitt" (PDF). digital.library.pitt.edu.
External links[edit]
Stephen Foster Detailed Song List, Songwriters Hall of Fame
[hide]
v
t
e
Stephen Foster
List of songs written by Stephen Foster
Songs
Minstrel songs
Angelina Baker (1850)
Camptown Races (1850)
The Glendy Burk (1860)
My Old Kentucky Home (1853)
Oh! Susanna (1848)
Old Folks at Home (Swanee River) (1851)
Parlor songs
Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway
Open Thy Lattice Love
Beautiful Dreamer (1864)
Hard Times Come Again No More (1854)
Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (1854)
Old Black Joe (1853)
Willie Has Gone To War (1862)
History and biographers
History and biographies
The Stephen Foster Collection and archive
William Barclay Foster
Eliza Clayland Tomlinson Foster
Morrison Foster
Horace Waters
Harold Vincent Milligan
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Wedding industry in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The wedding industry in the United States is the providers of services and goods for weddings in the U.S., taken as a whole. Every year in the United States, there are approximately 2.5 million weddings. The United States wedding industry was estimated to be worth $53.4 billion as of 2013.[1] The following provides a sociological overview of how the wedding industry functions in the United States, cultural and social elements of the event and how it has become the economic giant seen today. The article will also discuss elements of the wedding process that generate major revenue for many major corporations each year. This includes clothes, flowers, music and many other elements that are a part of the ceremony, reception, honeymoon, and bachelor and bachelorette parties.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Overall costs
3 Wedding insurance
4 Cost by area
4.1 Bachelor and bachelorette parties
4.2 Wedding ceremony
4.3 Clothing and accessories
4.3.1 Clothing
4.3.2 Wedding jewelry and rings
4.3.3 Wedding accessories
4.4 Wedding reception
5 Honeymoon
5.1 Leisure activities
6 Wedding Journalism
6.1 Wedding Magazines
7 References
History[edit]
The wedding industry is a modern phenomenon.
The wedding industry changed and evolved into a capitalist industry that we know today between the 1920s to 1950s, and many American practices that are now considered traditional were developed during this time by advertisements and promotions from major retailers, jewelers, caterers, and many other companies.[2]
In the 1960s and 1970s brides started to deviate from the original wedding plan, and moved the wedding outside of the church. This developed the idea of the "destination wedding," and is still very popular today.[3]
Overall costs[edit]
As of 2012, the median cost of a wedding, including both the ceremony and reception, but not the honeymoon, in the United States, was about US $18,000 per wedding, according to a large survey at an online wedding website.[4] Half of the people in the survey paid more than the median, and half of the people paid less. Regional differences are significant, with residents of Manhattan paying more than three times the median, while residents of Alaska spent less than half as much.[4] Additionally, the survey probably overestimates the typical cost because of a biased sample population.[4] Another large survey in 2016 estimated the average cost of a wedding in the United States to be $29,858, with vast regional differences. Notably, the average Manhattan wedding was estimated to cost $88,176, whereas a Mississippi wedding was estimated to cost $12,769. The most expensive part of a wedding was found to be the reception, followed by the engagement ring, wedding band, photographer, and ceremony site, in that order.[5]
The more widely reported mean cost in this survey was significantly higher, with a mean of over US $28,000.[4] Most people in this survey spent at least $10,000 less than the median amount. The difference of $10,000 per wedding is due entirely to very high spending by a small number of very wealthy couples—the couples most likely to pay for more services from the wedding industry.[4] The mean cost is useful for professionals and salespeople in the wedding industry, as it helps them understand the budgets of people who are spending the most, rather than for the typical person.[4] It may also encourage overspending by their clients, since they can point to the higher mean as being the "average" cost, even though it is much higher than what most couples actually spend.[4]
Wedding insurance[edit]
A couple may purchase wedding insurance to cover unexpected financial losses related to their wedding, for instance loss or damage to the wedding dress or tuxedo. Other things potentially covered by wedding insurance include lost deposits as a result of vendor bankruptcy, cancellation due to illness, injury, military service or extreme weather and third-party or liquor liability claims.[6][7] depending on the level of cover required. Problems a couple knew about before taking out the policy are not covered and almost all insurers will not cover cancellations that are due to "cold feet". Currently, only one company does and it can only be purchased by the person who finances the wedding, not the Bride or Groom, and only applies if the wedding is cancelled more than 180 days before. Wedding insurance is becoming increasingly popular in other countries, including Australia,[8] New Zealand [9] and the UK. The UK is very different with quite a few big name providers.[10]
Cost by area[edit]
Bachelor and bachelorette parties[edit]
Main articles: Bachelor party and Bachelorette party
Costs of bachelor and bachelorette parties depend upon what the party entails. If the party is held in someone's home, then it may cost no more than any other dinner party. A multi-day event held out of town, however, can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars per person, like any other vacation trip.[11]
Wedding ceremony[edit]
This money may go towards things such as renting a venue, flowers and other decorations, the officiant, the wedding planner, and invitations to the event, as well as music played before and during the ceremony.[12]
For wedding invitations, couples spend, on average, about US $848, which includes costs of stationery accessories ($188) and printed, pre-made invitations or reply cards ($659).
A wedding band or singer may cost at least $1,000 depending on who performs, and this cost can be for either the ceremony or the reception.[12] A professional wedding planner may charge about US $25 per hour or $3,000 total.[13]
Clothing and accessories[edit]
Clothing[edit]
In the United States in 2013, the average wedding dress cost US $1,211.[14]
Television series like TLC's "Say Yes to The Dress" which features bridal boutique, Kleinfeld's, show the workings of the bridal gown industry. The bridal gown industry relies mainly on bridal magazines for advertising.[15]
As for the groom, the cost of his clothes and accessories is considerably less than the bride, with the average cost coming to about $313.[16]
Wedding jewelry and rings[edit]
In 2008, despite the start of a recession, the price spent on the average engagement ring increased to $5,861.[17] In 2006, many couples spent just over $2,000 for his and hers wedding bands.[18] The bride may additionally spend a few hundred dollars on a necklace or other jewelry to wear with her wedding dress.[17] Even in times of economic hardship couples rarely skimp on the jewelry. This boosts sales for the jewelry industry as wedding jewelry is part of a larger industry.[19]
Wedding accessories[edit]
There are other accessories such as "something old", centerpieces, décor, bouquets, the wedding veil, garter, and the couple's toasting glasses that are often purchased before the wedding day.
Wedding reception[edit]
The size and grandeur of a wedding reception can be an indicator of a couple's social status or the one they would like to portray. The amount of guests, quality of the food and drinks, location, and who plays the music can all symbolize the wealth and presumed status of the newly weds. The reception can be an opportunity to flaunt wealth and impress guests (friends and family). This can lead to couples and/or parents spending an excessive amount of money and even putting themselves into debt to pay for the wedding.[20] Celebrities like Donald Trump and his wife Melania Knauss spent an approximated amount of US $1 million on their wedding. The reception consisted of 400 guests, was serenaded by a full orchestra, and was catered by chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten.[21] But this is nothing compared to Liza Minnelli and David Gest's wedding that was estimated at 3.5 million dollars, and then the couple divorced the next year.[22]
Approximately 28 percent of the wedding budget is spent on the reception, which makes it the most expensive part of the wedding.[23]
Honeymoon[edit]
Main article: Honeymoon
The honeymoon industry is a US $12 billion industry annually.[24] On average, about 10 percent of newlyweds book cruises as their honeymoon trip; 37 percent travel to domestic locations, while 63 percent go abroad; lastly, 40 percent stay at a resort, while 27 percent stay at a large hotel, while 10 percent look into a small hotel.[25]
Leisure activities[edit]
Other than romance, couples often choose to engage in outdoor activities to enhance their honeymoon experience. The top five activities are listed below:
Visiting a new place for sightseeing, restaurants, entertainment and nightlife- 75%
Beaches and lakes – 45%
Casinos – 20%
Cruises – 15%
Golf/sports vacations – 10[24]
Wedding Journalism[edit]
Wedding magazines, wedding blogs, and their associated social media accounts (such as Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Snapchat) play an important role in the wedding industry. They showcase and drive current trends, and serve as a useful way for couples to discover vendors and ideas.[26]
Wedding Magazines[edit]
Brides
Martha Stewart Weddings
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/09/living/matrimony-by-the-numbers/
Jump up ^ "Brides, Inc. – Vicki Howard".
Jump up ^ "Here Comes the Bride: A History of the American Wedding".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Oremus, Will (19 March 2015). "The Wedding Industry's Pricey Little Secret". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
Jump up ^ https://www.valuepenguin.com/average-cost-of-wedding
Jump up ^ Wedding Insurance: Protection When “I Do” Becomes “We Can’t”
Jump up ^ "Wedding Insurance in the USA".
Jump up ^ "Wedding Insurance Australia".
Jump up ^ "Wedding Insurance New Zealand".
Jump up ^ "Wedding Insurance".
Jump up ^ "Wedding Trend Alert: Guests Blow $1,000+ Per Bachelor Party". ABC News. 2015-04-24. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Wedding Report".
Jump up ^ Heidemann, Kai,University of Pittsburgh Sociology of Marriage Lecture, 2009
Jump up ^ Michelle Hall and Lizzie Jury, CNN Library (9 August 2013). "I do ... cost a lot: Weddings by the numbers". CNN.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to the Wedding Industry (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
Jump up ^ The Wedding Report: 2006
^ Jump up to: a b "Wedding Day Gems To Wear Year-Long". Forbes. 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
Jump up ^ "The Wedding Report : Wedding Coordinator : Honeymoon : Bridal Association Of America". www.bridalassociationofamerica.com. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
Jump up ^ Panos Mourdoukoutas. "Information for the World's Business Leaders". Forbes.com.
Jump up ^ http://wedsmack.favorideas.com/adagios/on-wedding-debt-a-cautionary-tale/
Jump up ^ Lea Goldman and Tatiana Serafin (12 July 2007). "In Pictures: The 20 Most Expensive Celebrity Weddings". Forbes.
Jump up ^ Lea Goldman and Tatiana Serafin (12 July 2007). "In Pictures: The 20 Most Expensive Celebrity Weddings". Forbes.
Jump up ^ http://www.nmoa.org/articles/dmnews/bridalandweddingmarketoverview.htm
^ Jump up to: a b "Honeymoon Planning, New Jersey Bride, Wedding Statistics".
Jump up ^ Susan Breslow Sardone. "Wedding & Honeymoon Facts & Figures". About.
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/12/fashion/weddings/12FIELD.html
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding_industry_in_the_United_States&oldid=834249008"
Categories:
Weddings by nationality
Economy of the United States
Marriage, unions and partnerships in the United States
Industry in the United States
Wedding industry
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The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mark Herman
Produced by
David Heyman
Screenplay by
Mark Herman
Based on
The Boy in the Striped Pajamas
by John Boyne
Starring
Vera Farmiga
David Thewlis
Rupert Friend
David Hayman
Asa Butterfield
Jack Scanlon
Music by
James Horner
Cinematography
Benoît Delhomme
Edited by
Michael Ellis
Production
companies
BBC Films
Heyday Films
Distributed by
Miramax Films
Release date
12 September 2008 (2008-09-12)
Running time
94 minutes
Country
United Kingdom[1]
United States[1]
Language
English
Budget
$12.5 million[2]
Box office
$44.1 million[3]
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (released as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States) is a 2008 drama film set in World War II, based on the novel of the same name by John Boyne.[4] Directed by Mark Herman, produced by BBC Films and Heyday Films, and distributed by Miramax and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, the film stars Vera Farmiga, David Thewlis, Asa Butterfield, and Jack Scanlon. It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom.
The Holocaust drama explores the horror of a World War II Nazi extermination camp through the eyes of two 9-year-old boys; Bruno (Butterfield), the son of the camp's Nazi commandant, and Shmuel (Jack Scanlon), a Jewish inmate.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Historical accuracy
3.3 Accolades
4 References
5 See also
6 External links
Plot[edit]
The film opens with the quote, "Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows," by John Betjeman. A young boy named Bruno lives with his family in Berlin, in Nazi Germany during the period of the Holocaust. He learns that his father Ralf has been promoted, due to which their family, including Bruno's mother Elsa and sister Gretel, relocate to the countryside. Bruno hates his new home as there is no one to play with and very little to explore. After commenting that he has spotted people working on what he thinks is a farm in the distance, he is also forbidden from playing in the back garden.
Bruno and Gretel get a private tutor, Herr Liszt, who pushes an agenda of antisemitism and nationalist propaganda. As a result, Gretel becomes extremely fanatical in her support for the Third Reich, to the point of covering her bedroom wall with Nazi propaganda posters and portraits of Adolf Hitler. Bruno is confused as the Jews he has seen, in particular the family's Jewish servant Pavel, do not resemble the caricatures in Liszt's teachings.
One day, Bruno disobeys his parents and sneaks off into the woods, eventually arriving at an electric barbed wire fence surrounding a camp. He befriends a boy his own age named Shmuel. The pair's lack of knowledge on the true nature of the camp is revealed: Bruno thinks that the striped uniforms that Shmuel, Pavel, and the other prisoners wear are pyjamas and Shmuel believes his grandparents died from an illness during their journey to the camp. Bruno starts meeting Shmuel regularly, sneaking him food and playing board games with him. He eventually learns that Shmuel is a Jew and was brought to the camp with his father and mother.
Prisoner's clothing from Sachsenhausen concentration camp
One day, Elsa discovers the reality of Ralf's assignment after Lieutenant Kurt Kotler lets slip that the black smoke coming from the camp's chimneys is due to the burning corpses of Jews. She confronts Ralf, disgusted and heartbroken. At dinner that night, Kotler admits that his father had left his family and moved to Switzerland. Upon hearing this, Ralf tells Kotler that he should have informed the authorities of his father's disagreement with the current political regime as it was his duty. The embarrassed Kotler then becomes infuriated with Pavel for accidentally spilling a glass of wine and violently beats him, presumably to the point of killing him. The next morning the maid, Maria, is seen scrubbing the blood stains.
Later that day, Bruno sees Shmuel working in his home. Shmuel is there to clean wine glasses because they needed someone with small hands to do it. Bruno offers him some cake and willingly Shmuel accepts it. Unfortunately, Kotler happens to walk into the room where Bruno and Shmuel are socialising. Kotler is furious and yells at Shmuel for talking to Bruno. In the midst of his scolding, Kotler notices Shmuel chewing the food Bruno gave him. When Kotler asks Shmuel where he got the food, he says Bruno offered the cake, but Bruno, fearful of Kotler, denies this. Believing Bruno, Kotler tells Shmuel that they will have a "little chat" later. Distraught, Bruno goes to apologise to Shmuel, but finds him gone. Every day, Bruno returns to the same spot by the camp but does not see Shmuel. Eventually, Shmuel reappears behind the fence, sporting a black eye. Bruno apologises and Shmuel forgives him, renewing the friendship.
After the funeral of his mother, who was killed in Berlin by an enemy bombing, Ralf tells Bruno and Gretel that their mother suggests that they go to live with a relative because it is not safe there. Their mother suggests this because she does not want her children living with their murderous father. Shmuel has problems of his own; his father has gone missing after those with whom he participated in a march did not return to the camp. Bruno decides to redeem himself by helping Shmuel find his father. The next day, Bruno, who is due to leave that afternoon, dons a striped prisoners' outfit and a cap to cover his unshaven head, and digs under the fence to join Shmuel in the search. Bruno soon discovers the true nature of the camp after seeing the many sick and weak-looking Jews, much to his shock. While searching, the boys are taken on a march with other inmates by Sonderkommandos.
At the house, Gretel and Elsa discover Bruno's disappearance. After they discover the open window he went through, Elsa bursts into Ralf's meeting to alert him that Bruno is missing. Ralf and his men mount a search. Led by a dog tracking Bruno's scent they find his discarded clothing outside the fence. Elsa and Gretel are following along behind. They enter the camp, looking for him; Bruno, Shmuel and the other inmates are stopped inside a changing room and are told to remove their clothes for a "shower". They are packed into a gas chamber, where Bruno and Shmuel hold each other's hands. A Schutzstaffel soldier pours some Zyklon B pellets inside, and the prisoners start panicking, yelling and banging on the metal door. When Ralf realises that a gassing is taking place, he cries out his son's name, and Elsa and Gretel fall to their knees in despair and mourn Bruno. The film ends by showing the closed door of the now-silent gas chamber, indicating that all prisoners, including Bruno and Shmuel, are dead.
Cast[edit]
Asa Butterfield as Bruno
Jack Scanlon as Shmuel, a young Jew sent to a camp
Vera Farmiga as Elsa, Bruno's mother
David Thewlis as Ralf, Bruno's father
Amber Beattie as Gretel, Bruno's older sister
Rupert Friend as Lieutenant Kurt Kotler
David Hayman as Pavel
Sheila Hancock as Natalie, Bruno's grandmother
Richard Johnson as Matthias, Bruno's grandfather
Cara Horgan as Maria
Jim Norton as Herr Liszt
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas has a 63% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 135 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A touching and haunting family film that deals with the Holocaust in an arresting and unusual manner, and packs a brutal final punch of a twist."[5] On Metacritic, the film has a normalized score of 55 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[6]
James Christopher, of The Times, referred to the film as "a hugely affecting film. Important, too."[7] Manohla Dargis, of The New York Times said the film "trivialized, glossed over, kitsched up, commercially exploited and hijacked [the Holocaust] for a tragedy about a Nazi family."[8]
Historical accuracy[edit]
Some critics have criticised the premise of the book and subsequent film. Reviewing the original book, Rabbi Benjamin Blech wrote: "Note to the reader: There were no 9-year-old Jewish boys in Auschwitz – the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work."[9] Rabbi Blech affirmed the opinion of a Holocaust survivor friend that the book is "not just a lie and not just a fairytale, but a profanation." Blech acknowledges the objection that a "fable" need not be factually accurate; he counters that the book trivialises the conditions in and around the death camps and perpetuates the "myth that those not directly involved can claim innocence," and thus undermines its moral authority. Students who read it, he warns, may believe the camps "weren't that bad" if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age, unaware of "the constant presence of death."[9]
Kathryn Hughes, whilst agreeing about the implausibility of the plot, argues that "Bruno's innocence comes to stand for the wilful refusal of all adult Germans to see what was going on under their noses."[10] In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert says the film is not a reconstruction of Germany during the war, but is "about a value system that survives like a virus."[11]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
2008 British Independent Film Awards[12] Best Actress Vera Farmiga Won
Best Director Mark Herman Nominated
Most Promising Newcomer Asa Butterfield Nominated
2009 Premio Goya Best European Film The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Nominated
Irish Film and Television Awards[13] Best International Film Nominated
Young Artist Awards[14] Best Leading Performance (International Feature Film) Asa Butterfield & Jack Scanlon Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008)". British Film Institute. 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008) – Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Vilkomerson, Sara (31 March 2009). "On Demand This Week: Lost Boys". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Christopher, James (11 September 2008). "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Review". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Dargis, Manohla (7 November 2008). "Horror Through a Child's Eyes". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Blech, Benjamin (23 October 2008). "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas". Aish. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Kathryn (21 January 2006). "Educating Bruno". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (5 November 2008). "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "BIFA 2008 Nominations". British Independent Film Awards. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "2009 Winners—Film Categories". The Irish Film & Television Academy.
Jump up ^ "2009 Nominations & Recipients". Young Artist Awards.
See also[edit]
The Day the Clown Cried
External links[edit]
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas at Box Office Mojo
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas on IMDb
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas at Rotten Tomatoes
Production notes
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Blame It on the Bellboy (1992)
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 230335176
BNE: XX4862942
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Boy_in_the_Striped_Pyjamas_(film)&oldid=828254259"
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Molasses Act
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Molasses Act 1733
Parliament of Great Britain
Long title
An act for the better securing and encouraging the trade of his Majesty's sugar colonies in America.
Citation
6 Geo II. c. 13
Introduced by
The Rt Hon. Sir Robert Walpole, KG, KB, MP
Territorial extent
British America and the British West Indies
Dates
Royal assent
17 May 1733
Commencement
24 June 1733 (in part)
25 December 1733 (entire act)
Status: Repealed
The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 6 Geo II. c. 13), which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies. The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue, but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies. The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade.
The Molasses Act of 1733 provided:
... there shall be raised, levied, collected and paid, unto and for the use of his Majesty ..., upon all rum or spirits of the produce or manufacture of any of the colonies or plantations in America, not in the possession or under the dominion of his Majesty ..., which at any time or times within or during the continuance of this act, shall be imported or brought into any of the colonies or plantations in America, which now are or hereafter may be in the possession or under the dominion of his Majesty ..., the sum of nine pence, money of Great Britain, ... for every gallon thereof, and after that rate for any greater or lesser quantity: and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture as aforesaid, which shall be imported or brought into any of the said colonies or plantations ..., the sum of six pence of like money for every gallon thereof ...; and upon all sugars and paneles of such foreign growth, produce or manufacture as aforesaid, which shall be imported into any of the said colonies or plantations ... a duty after the rate of five shillings of like money, for every hundred weight Avoirdupois....
Historian Theodore Draper described British intent on the tax as it would affect the American colonies:
Bladen [Col. Main Bladen who was a longtime member of the British Board of Trade] had conceived of the strategy of inflicting a prohibitive duty on imports from the French West Indies instead of simply disallowing them. When he was confronted with the argument that the proposed bill would result in the ruin of the North American colonies, he replied, “that the duties proposed would not prove an absolute prohibition, but he owned that he meant them as something that should come very near it, for in the way the northern colonies are, they raise the French Islands at the expense of ours, and raise themselves also [to]o high, even to an independency.”[1]
A large colonial molasses trade had grown between the New England and Middle colonies and the French, Dutch, and Spanish West Indian possessions. Molasses from the British West Indies, used in New England for making rum, was priced much higher than its competitors and they also had no need for the large quantities of lumber, fish, and other items offered by the colonies in exchange. The British West Indies in the first part of the 18th Century were the most important trading partner for Great Britain so Parliament was attentive to their requests. However, rather than acceding to the demands to prohibit the colonies from trading with the non-British islands, Parliament passed the prohibitively high tax on the colonies for the import of molasses from these islands.[2] Historian John C. Miller noted that the tax:
...threatened New England with ruin, struck a blow at the economic foundations of the Middle colonies, and at the same time opened the way for the British West Indians—whom the continental colonists regarded as their worst enemies—to wax rich at the expense of their fellow subjects on the mainland.
—  John C. Miller, [3]
Largely opposed by colonists, the tax was rarely paid, and smuggling to avoid it was prominent. If actually collected, the tax would have effectively closed that source to New England and destroyed much of the rum industry. Yet smuggling, bribery or intimidation of customs officials effectively nullified the law.[2] Miller wrote:
Against the Molasses Act, Americans had only their smugglers to depend upon—but these redoubtable gentry proved more than a match for the British. After a brief effort to enforce the act in Massachusetts in the 1740s, the English government tacitly accepted defeat and foreign molasses was smuggled into the Northern colonies in an ever-increasing quantity. Thus the New England merchants survived—but only by nullifying an act of Parliament.
—  John C. Miller, [4]
The growing corruption of local officials and disrespect for British Law caused by this act and others like it such as the Stamp Act or Townshend Acts eventually led to the American Revolution in 1776. This Act was replaced by the Sugar Act in 1764.[5] This Act halved the tax rate, but was accompanied by British intent to actually collect the tax this time.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Draper pg. 100. The quote provided by Draper came from Leo Francis Stock’s Proceedings and Debates of the British Parliaments respecting North America (1937) vol. 4. pg. 182
^ Jump up to: a b Miller 1943, pp. 96-99.
Jump up ^ Miller 1943, p. 95.
Jump up ^ Miller 1943, p. 99.
Jump up ^ Customs Duties, etc. Act 1763. Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. 4 Geo. III c. 15. London: Parliament of Great Britain. Wikisource. 5 April 1764. "...for continuing, amending, and making perpetual, an act passed in the sixth year of the reign of his late majesty King George the Second, (initituled, An act for the better securing and encouraging the trade of his Majesty’s sugar colonies in America;)..."
Bibliography[edit]
Draper, Theodore (1996). A Struggle for Power: The American Revolution. ISBN 0-8129-2575-0.
Middlekauff, Robert (2005). The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789. ISBN 0-19-516247-1.
Miller, John C. (1943). Origins of the American Revolution. Boston: Little, Brown and company.
Further reading[edit]
The text of the act
Southwick, Albert B. (1951). "The Molasses Act—Source of Precedents". William and Mary Quarterly. 8 (3): 389–405. JSTOR 1917421.
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Grown Ups (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Grownup.
Grown Ups
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Dennis Dugan
Produced by
Jack Giarraputo
Adam Sandler
Written by
Adam Sandler
Fred Wolf
Starring
Adam Sandler
Kevin James
Chris Rock
David Spade
Rob Schneider
Music by
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Cinematography
Theo van de Sande
Edited by
Tom Costain
Production
company
Happy Madison Productions
Relativity Media
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
June 25, 2010 (2010-06-25)
Running time
102 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$80 million[1]
Box office
$271.4 million[1]
Grown Ups is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and stars Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade and Rob Schneider. It depicts five friends of a high school basketball team reuniting for a holiday weekend after learning of the passing of their coach.
Grown Ups was produced by Sandler's production company Happy Madison Productions and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.[2] Sandler, Rock, Schneider, and Spade all joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in the 1990–1991 season; supporting cast including Colin Quinn, Maya Rudolph, Tim Meadows, and Norm Macdonald have also been SNL cast members. Although the film was heavily panned by critics for its crude humor, acting performances and lack of substantial plot, it was a major box office success - which led to the creation of a sequel, Grown Ups 2 (2013).
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 The Feder family
2.3 The Lamonsoff family
2.4 The McKenzie family
2.5 The Hilliard family
2.6 Other characters
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Awards
4.4 Home media
5 Sequel
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname "Buzzer" (Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children—daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada-Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay-at-home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo-Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke "Maize!" and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.
The friends each find out that Buzzer has died, and reunite at their hometown with their families, a first in the three decades. Intending to pay tribute to Buzzer at a private funeral, Lenny rents the lake house for the 4th of July weekend for his friends to stay at. However, Roxanne has planned a fashion show in Milan, forcing Lenny to retreat. While at the lake house, he becomes annoyed at how his sons are playing video games instead of being outdoors, and pushes them to play outside along with his friend's children. At a local restaurant, Lenny talks to his old nemesis, Dickie (Colin Quinn), who is still bitter towards Lenny for an error in the match, where his shot shouldn't have counted since he allegedly had his foot on the outside line. With this, Dickie challenges Lenny and his friends to a rematch, but he declines when commenting on Dickie's health. The next day, Buzzer's ashes are spread in the woods while Rob becomes depressed, lamenting his failed marriages, and later warns the arrival of his three daughters from the previous marriages. After having to deal with Jasmine, he then relaxes with his friends partaking in fishing. After joking on Rob, the others elect to cheer him up with a game of arrow roulette. Rob wins by staying in the circle for the longest time, but the arrow pierces his foot when it flies back down. Rob then snaps at Gloria for using a maize-covered poultice. That night, Lenny manages to get the kids interested in talking on cup-phones and Roxanne accidentally reveals herself to be the "Tooth Fairy" when Becky listens in. Now happy that they are enjoying a similar kind of young fun that he had, Lenny proceeds to install an extensive cup-phone network in the house.
Roxanne settles on staying at the lake house over going to the fashion show. The friends decide to visit a water park, where Bean learns to drink milk out of a carton and Marcus repeatedly flirts with Jasmine and Amber, having bought them skimpy bikinis. Rob kicks a ride attendant down a water slide when the latter insults Bridget for being less attractive than her sisters. Eric ignores Donna's warning about a chemical in the kiddie pool that turns urine blue, and chaos results when the urine is revealed. The spouses spot and attempt to attract a muscleman, but he is laughed off when revealed to have a high-pitched voice. Later, Lenny and the group go to the zip line and meet Dickie again, this time with his own group of friends and former teammates, including Wiley (Steve Buscemi), who overshoots the swimming pool sliding down the zip line by his feet, and slams into a shopping kiosk. He is hospitalized as a result. Lenny teaches his son how to shoot a perfect shot during basketball, and the friends then end the night by sharing a dance with their spouses. The next day, Roxanne picks up Lenny's phone and confronts him on lying about canceling their flight trip before she agreed on staying. Eventually, everyone concedes into admitting their own truths about how they feel with their lives. On their final day at the lake house, Lenny accepts the rematch once and for all, and plays against their former opponents. At the game-deciding shot, Lenny purposely misses to allow Dickie's team to get a proper win. Before the end of the film, Marcus plays another game of arrow roulette, but with a larger crowd of people this time. Everyone fearfully takes off, and Wiley (who is still paralyzed) gets his foot impaled by the arrow.
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Adam Sandler as Lenny Feder
Michael Cavaleri as Young Lenny
Kevin James as Eric Lamonsoff
Andrew Bayard as Young Eric
Chris Rock as Kurt McKenzie
Jameel McGill as Young Kurt
David Spade as Marcus "Higgy" Higgins
Kyle Brooks as Young Marcus
Rob Schneider as Rob "Carrot" Hilliard
Joshua Matz as Young Rob
The Feder family[edit]
Salma Hayek as Roxanne Feder
Jake Goldberg as Greg Feder
Cameron Boyce as Keith Feder
Alexys Nicole Sanchez as Becky Feder
The Lamonsoff family[edit]
Maria Bello as Sally Lamonsoff
Ada-Nicole Sanger as Donna Lamonsoff
Frank and Morgan Gingerich as Bean Lamonsoff
The McKenzie family[edit]
Maya Rudolph as Deanne McKenzie
Nadji Jeter as Andre McKenzie
China Anne McClain as Charlotte McKenzie
The Hilliard family[edit]
Madison Riley as Jasmine Hilliard
Jamie Chung as Amber Hilliard
Ashley Loren as Bridget Hilliard
Other characters[edit]
Joyce Van Patten as Gloria Noonan
Blake Clark as Coach Robert "Buzzer" Ferdinando
Victoria Cyr, Niece of Coach Buzzer[3]
Di Quon as Rita
Steve Buscemi as Wiley
Colin Quinn as Dickie Bailey
Hunter Silva as Young Dickie
Lisa M. (Seitz) Francis as Bailey's wife
Tim Meadows as Malcolm Fluzoo
Ebony Jo-Ann as Mama Ronzoni
Dan Patrick as Norby the Ride Guy
Tim Herlihy as Pastor
Norm Macdonald as Geezer
Jonathan Loughran as Robideaux
Connor Panzner as Young Robideaux
Dennis Dugan as Basketball Referee
Production[edit]
Filming commenced in Essex County, Massachusetts, in August, 2009.[4]
Release[edit]
Box office[edit]
Grown Ups grossed $162 million in the United States and $109.4 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $271.4 million against a production budget of $80 million.[1] Happy with the gross, Adam Sandler showed his appreciation by buying brand-new Maserati sports cars for his four co-stars.[5][6] The film won at the 2011 MTV Movie Awards for the "Best Line from a Movie" category, which it won for the line "I want to get chocolate wasted!", delivered by Becky, played by Alexys Nycole Sanchez.
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 10% based on 164 reviews and an average rating of 3.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Grown Ups' cast of comedy vets is amiable, but they're let down by flat direction and the scattershot, lowbrow humor of a stunted script."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100 based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[8] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[9]
Connie Ogle of the Miami Herald referred to it as "the perfect poster child for this maddening summer of movie mediocrity."[10] Rick Groen of the Globe and Mail criticized what he saw as blatant commercialism, saying the cast "lob[bed] gags they surely disdain at an audience they probably despise while reserving their own laughter for that off-camera dash all the way to the bank." Richard Roeper went as far as to say that it was "a blight upon the bright canvas of American cinema", and that he hated it.[11] Tom Long of the Detroit News called it "trite comedy" and "total garbage."[12] On the other end of the spectrum, Lisa Kennedy of the Denver Post called it "crude and decent-hearted" and "easy, breezy, predictable."[13]
Awards[edit]
Rob Schneider was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor for the film, but lost the trophy to Jackson Rathbone for both The Last Airbender and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
Home media[edit]
Grown Ups was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on November 9, 2010.
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Grown Ups 2
A sequel, titled Grown Ups 2, was released on July 12, 2013. Dennis Dugan, the director of the first film, returned as director. The main cast, including Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, Salma Hayek, Maya Rudolph, Maria Bello and Steve Buscemi reprised their roles, except Rob Schneider. New cast includes Andy Samberg, Taylor Lautner and Patrick Schwarzenegger. The sequel follows Lenny Feder as he relocates his family back to the small town where he and his friends grew up.[14] Like its predecessor, Grown Ups 2 received very poor reviews[15] but was still a box office hit.[16]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Grown Ups (2010) Box Office Mojo
Jump up ^ Tatiana Siegel (2009-02-10). "Columbia pic gets Sandler and friends". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
Jump up ^ Gate, Bobby (June 21, 2009). "Beverly actress scores plum role". Wicked Local (GateHouse Media).
Jump up ^ Shanahan, Mark (2009-05-18). "Adam Sandler et al. get to work on "Grown Ups"". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
Jump up ^ "David Spade has yet to drive luxury car Adam Sandler gave him as gift". Mail Online. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Zach (11 November 2010). "Adam Sandler gives the gift of Maserati to Grown Ups co-stars". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Grown Ups (2010)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Grown Ups Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
Jump up ^ Connie Ogle, Grown Ups (PG-13): Five goofballs and a funeral, Miami Herald (June 24, 2010).
Jump up ^ Rick Groen, Grown Ups: How low can they go? Just watch, Globe & Mail (June 25, 2010).
Jump up ^ Tom Long, Review: Adam Sandler's 'Grown Ups' is a lazy, trite comedy, Detroit News (June 25, 2010).
Jump up ^ Lisa Kennedy, Movie review: “Grown Ups” — or are they?, Denver Post (June 23, 2010).
Jump up ^ "Grown Ups Sequel Planned". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Grown Ups 2 - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Grown Ups 2 (2013) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Grown Ups (2010 film)
Official website
Grown Ups on IMDb
Grown Ups at Box Office Mojo
Grown Ups at Rotten Tomatoes
Grown Ups at Metacritic
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Dennis Dugan
Problem Child (1990)
Brain Donors (1992)
The Shaggy Dog (1994)
Happy Gilmore (1996)
Beverly Hills Ninja (1997)
Big Daddy (1999)
Saving Silverman (2001)
National Security (2003)
The Benchwarmers (2006)
I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry (2007)
You Don't Mess with the Zohan (2008)
Grown Ups (2010)
Just Go with It (2011)
Jack and Jill (2011)
Grown Ups 2 (2013)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grown_Ups_(film)&oldid=803482816"
Categories:
2010 films
English-language films
2010s buddy films
2010s comedy films
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American buddy films
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Columbia Pictures films
Films about vacationing
Films directed by Dennis Dugan
Films produced by Adam Sandler
Films shot in Massachusetts
Happy Madison films
Midlife crisis films
Relativity Media films
Screenplays by Adam Sandler
Film scores by Rupert Gregson-Williams
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