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Kennedy Compound
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Kennedy Compound
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
U.S. Historic district
Contributing property
Main house of the Kennedy Compound (1972).
Location
100 Marchant Avenue
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, U.S.
Coordinates
41°37′47.928″N 70°18′8.4954″W / 41.62998000°N 70.302359833°W / 41.62998000; -70.302359833Coordinates: 41°37′47.928″N 70°18′8.4954″W / 41.62998000°N 70.302359833°W / 41.62998000; -70.302359833
Area
6 acres (24,000 m²)
Built
1904
Architectural style
Clapboard
Part of
Hyannis Port Historic District (#87000259)
NRHP reference #
72001302[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP
November 28, 1972
Designated NHLD
November 28, 1972
Designated CP
November 10, 1987
The Kennedy Compound consists of three houses on six acres (24,000 m²) of waterfront property on Cape Cod along Nantucket Sound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, United States. It was once the home of American businessman and political figure Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., his wife Rose, and two of their sons, President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Their youngest son, Senator Ted Kennedy, lived in his parents' house, and it was his main residence from 1982 to 2009. He died of brain cancer at the compound in August 2009.[2]
Ted Kennedy also bought President Kennedy's house from his daughter, Caroline Kennedy. This house now belongs to Ted Kennedy Jr.
President Kennedy used the compound as a base for his successful 1960 U.S. presidential campaign and later as a summer White House and presidential retreat until his assassination in November 1963. In 2012, the main house was donated to the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Layout
2.1 Main house
3 See also
4 References
5 Sources
6 External links
History[edit]
In 1926 Joseph P. Kennedy rented a summer cottage at 50 Marchant Avenue in Hyannis Port. Two years later, he purchased the structure, which had been erected in 1904, and enlarged and remodeled it to suit his family's needs. In and around this house, their nine children spent their summers, acquiring a lifelong interest in sailing and other competitive activities.
In 1956, Jack bought a smaller home of his own at 111 Irving Avenue (41°37′51″N 70°18′13″W / 41.6308°N 70.3035°W / 41.6308; -70.3035), not far from his father's home. Subsequently, Ted acquired the residence at 28 Marchant Avenue (41°37′48″N 70°18′11″W / 41.63°N 70.303°W / 41.63; -70.303) adjacent to the other two in 1959 and sold it to Bobby and his wife Ethel in 1961. Edward lived in the compound until his death.[4]
Layout[edit]
All three buildings are white-frame clapboard structures typical of vacation residences on Cape Cod. Except for specific occasions at the Main House, the buildings are not available for public visitation.
Main house[edit]
Joe's home, the Main House and the largest of the three, is surrounded by well-tended lawns and gardens and it commands sweeping views of the ocean from its long porches.[5]
On the main floor are a living room, dining room, sun room, television room, the bedroom that John used before he purchased his own house in the compound, the kitchen, and various pantries and utility rooms.[5]
On the second floor are six bedrooms, a sewing room, packing room, and four servants' bedrooms. The house has a full attic.[5]
The basement contains a motion-picture theater and a hall covered with dolls from all around the world.[5] A wine cellar designed after a ship's hull and a sipping room [clarification needed] – one of the Kennedy family's favorite hideouts.[5] It is considered the place that Ted coined the well-known toast "There are good ships, and there are wood ships, the ships that sail the sea. But the best ships are friendships, and may they always be."[citation needed]
The house has changed little, either structurally or in furnishings, since John's association with it.
In 2012, the main house was donated by the Kennedy family to the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate. On the grounds are an enclosed swimming pool, tennis court, a four-car garage, and two guest houses.
There are two circular driveways with flagpoles standing in the middle, a boathouse and several large stretches of lawn area where the many family touch football games were played.
Other parcels of land that assorted members of the family have purchased remain as well-tended as those of the more prominent homes.
See also[edit]
List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Barnstable County, Massachusetts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (August 27, 2009). "Kennedy Compound to Be Converted to Museum – Sen. Edward Kennedy Succumbed to Brain Cancer at the Compound Tuesday Night and the Family Held a Private Mass for the Legendary Senator Thursday Morning". Fox News. Accessed August 29, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Main House At Kennedy Compound Given To Institute". WBUR. 2012-01-30. Retrieved 2013-03-04.
Jump up ^ Berry, Jake (2009-08-29). "Future of compound fueling rumor mill". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on 2011-10-10. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/presidents/site30.htm
Sources[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from the National Park Service document "The Presidents (Kennedy Compound)".
External links[edit]
Knight, Wendy (August 18, 2006). "A Harbor Full of History and Sea Lore on Cape Cod". The New York Times. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
[show]
v
t
e
Kennedy family
I.
Patrick Kennedy (c. 1823 – 1858)
Patrick Joseph 'P. J.' Kennedy
II.
P. J. Kennedy (1858–1929)
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
III.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (1888–1969)
Rose Kennedy (1890–1995)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
John F. Kennedy (m.) Jacqueline Bouvier
Rosemary Kennedy
Kathleen Kennedy (m.) William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington
Eunice Kennedy (m.) Sargent Shriver
Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) Peter Lawford
Robert F. Kennedy (m.) Ethel Kennedy
Jean Kennedy (m.) Stephen Edward Smith
Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy (m./div. 1st) Joan Bennett; (m. 2nd) Victoria Reggie
IV.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963)
Caroline Kennedy (m.) Edwin Schlossberg
John F. Kennedy Jr. (m.) Carolyn Bessette
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921–2009)
Bobby Shriver
Maria Shriver (m./sep.) Arnold Schwarzenegger
Timothy Shriver
Mark Shriver
Anthony Shriver
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924–2006)
Christopher Lawford
Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968)
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
Joseph P. Kennedy II
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (m.) Cheryl Hines
David A. Kennedy
Courtney Kennedy Hill
Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
Kerry Kennedy (m./div.) Andrew Cuomo
Christopher G. Kennedy
Max Kennedy
Douglas Harriman Kennedy
Rory Kennedy
Jean Kennedy Smith (born 1928)
William Kennedy Smith
Ted Kennedy (1932–2009)
Kara Kennedy
Edward M. Kennedy Jr.
Patrick J. Kennedy
VI.
Rose Schlossberg
Jack Schlossberg
Katherine Schwarzenegger
Patrick Schwarzenegger
Joseph P. Kennedy III
Related topics
Hickory Hill
Kennedy Compound
Kennedy curse
Merchandise Mart
The Kennedys (museum)
Category
Kennedy family
m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated.
[show]
v
t
e
John F. Kennedy
35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1953–1960)
U.S. Representative for MA-11 (1947–1953)
Presidency
(timeline)
Presidential Office: Inauguration
Cabinet
Judicial appointments
Supreme Court
Presidential pardons
Domestic policy: Clean Air Act
Communications Satellite Act
Community Mental Health Act
Equal Pay Act
Federal affirmative action
Federal housing segregation ban
Fifty-mile hikes
Food for Peace
New Frontier
Pilot Food Stamp Program
Space policy
Status of Women (Presidential Commission)
University of Alabama integration
Voter Education Project
Foreign policy: Alliance for Progress
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Flexible response
Kennedy Doctrine
Peace Corps
Trade Expansion Act
USAID
Vietnam War
Cuba: Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban Project
Cuban Missile Crisis
ExComm
Soviet Union: Berlin Crisis
Moscow–Washington hotline
Vienna summit
White House: Presidential limousine
Presidential yacht
Resolute desk
Situation Room
Presidential
speeches
Inaugural address
American University speech
"We choose to go to the Moon"
Civil Rights Address
"Ich bin ein Berliner"
"A rising tide lifts all boats"
Elections
U.S. States House of Representatives elections, 1946
1948
1950
U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952
1958
1960 Presidential primaries
1960 Presidential campaign
Democratic National Convention 1956
1960
U.S. presidential election, 1960
debates
Personal life
Birthplace and childhood home
Kennedy Compound
US Navy service PT-109
Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana
Arthur Evans
PT-59
Castle Hot Springs
Hammersmith Farm
Coretta Scott King phone call
Rocking chair
"Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
Books
authored
Why England Slept (1940)
Profiles in Courage (1956)
A Nation of Immigrants (1958)
Death
Assassination
timeline
reactions
in popular culture
State funeral
Riderless horse
attending dignitaries
Gravesite and Eternal Flame
Legacy
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum (Boston)
1964 Civil Rights Act
Apollo 11 Moon landing
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Kennedy Space Center (Florida)
Kennedy Round
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
VISTA
Cultural depictions
films
Kennedy half dollar
U.S. postage stamps
U.S. five cent stamp
Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
Operation Sail
Memorials,
namesakes
Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (Washington DC)
JK College (Mauritius)
Kennedy Expressway (Chicago)
JFK International Airport (New York)
JFK Memorial (Dallas)
JFK Memorial Bridge (Kentucky–Indiana)
JFK School of Government (Harvard Univ.)
JFK Special Warfare Center and School (Fort Bragg, North Carolina)
JFK University (California)
JFK Memorial (Runnymede, Britain)
Yad Kennedy (Jerusalem)
USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)
USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)
MV John F. Kennedy
Family
Jacqueline Bouvier (wife)
Caroline Kennedy (daughter)
John F. Kennedy Jr.
son
plane crash
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son)
Jack Schlossberg (grandson)
Rose Schlossberg (granddaughter)
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
Rose Fitzgerald (mother)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (sister)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
Robert F. Kennedy (brother)
Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
Ted Kennedy (brother)
P. J. Kennedy (grandfather)
John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)
← Dwight D. Eisenhower
Lyndon B. Johnson →
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Robert F. Kennedy
November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968
United States Senator from New York, 1965–1968
64th United States Attorney General, 1961–1964
Life
1948 Palestine visit
Senate Committee investigation of Labor and Management
Cuban Missile Crisis
ExComm
Civil rights
Freedom Riders
Voter Education Project
Baldwin–Kennedy meeting
1964 Democratic National Convention
Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation
Mississippi Delta tour
Kennedy Compound
Hickory Hill home
Speeches
Law Day Address (1961)
Day of Affirmation Address (1966)
Conflict in Vietnam and at Home (1968)
University of Kansas (1968)
Ball State (1968)
On the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)
"On the Mindless Menace of Violence" (1968)
Books
The Enemy Within (1960)
The Pursuit of Justice (1964)
To Seek a Newer World (1967)
Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (1969)
Assassination
Sirhan Sirhan
Ambassador Hotel
Conspiracy theories
Gravesite
Legacy and
memorials
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights
Human Rights Award
Journalism Award
Book Award
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium
Landmark for Peace Memorial
Kennedy–King College
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
Popular
culture
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (1963 documentary)
Robert Kennedy Remembered (1968 documentary)
"Abraham, Martin and John" (1968 song)
The Missiles of October (1974 docudrama)
Kennedy (1983 miniseries)
Blood Feud (1983 film)
Prince Jack (1985 film)
Robert Kennedy and His Times (1985 miniseries)
Hoover vs. The Kennedys (1987 miniseries)
Thirteen Days (2000 film)
RFK (2002 film)
Bobby (2006 film)
RFK Must Die (2007 documentary)
The Kennedys (2011 miniseries)
Ethel (2012 documentary)
Jackie (2016 film)
Electoral
1964 U.S. Senate election
1968 presidential campaign
primaries
Boiler Room Girls
Family,
family tree
Ethel Skakel (wife)
Kathleen Kennedy (daughter)
Joseph P. Kennedy (son)
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (son)
David Kennedy (son)
Courtney Kennedy (daughter)
Michael Kennedy (son)
Kerry Kennedy (daughter)
Chris Kennedy (son)
Max Kennedy (son)
Doug Kennedy (son)
Rory Kennedy (daughter)
Joseph P. Kennedy III (grandson)
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
Rose Kennedy (mother)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
John F. Kennedy (brother
presidency)
Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish (sister)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
Ted Kennedy (brother)
Patrick J. Kennedy (grandfather)
John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)
[show]
v
t
e
Ted Kennedy
February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009
United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009
Electoral
history
United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 1962
United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1964
1970
1976
1982
1988
1994
2000
2006
United States presidential election, 1980 (Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980)
Books
My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington, D.C. (2006)
True Compass (2009)
Family,
family tree
Joan Bennett Kennedy (first wife)
Victoria Reggie Kennedy (second wife, widow)
Kara Kennedy (daughter)
Edward M. Kennedy Jr. (son)
Patrick J. Kennedy II (son)
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
Rose Kennedy (mother)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
John F. Kennedy (brother
presidency)
Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
Kathleen Kennedy (sister)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
Robert F. Kennedy (brother)
Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
Patrick J. Kennedy I (grandfather)
John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)
Related
Awards and honors
Political positions
Kennedy Compound
Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate
Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
Chappaquiddick incident
The Dream Shall Never Die
Mary Jo Kopechne
Friends of Ireland
Commons
Wikiquote
Wikisource texts
[show]
v
t
e
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Family
John F. Kennedy (first husband, presidency)
Caroline Kennedy (daughter)
John F. Kennedy, Jr. (son)
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son)
Jack Schlossberg (grandson)
Rose Schlossberg (granddaughter)
Aristotle Onassis (second husband)
John Vernou Bouvier III (father)
Janet Lee Bouvier (mother)
Lee Radziwill (sister)
Hugh D. Auchincloss (stepfather)
Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd (half-sister)
Edith Ewing Bouvier (aunt)
Life events
Hammersmith Farm
Kennedy Compound
First Lady of the United States
White House restoration
Televised White House tour
White House Historical Association
White House Curator
Committee for the Preservation of the White House
Resolute desk
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
State funeral of John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
Eternal Flame and burial site
Fashion
Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier
The bouffant hairstyle
Pillbox hat
Pink Chanel suit
Honors and
memorials
Jacqueline Kennedy Garden
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ballet
Other
Cultural depictions
Jackie O (1997 opera)
Jackie (2016 film)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kennedy_Compound&oldid=791215050"
Categories:
John F. Kennedy
Kennedy family residences
National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
Robert F. Kennedy
Houses in Barnstable, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1904
Presidential homes in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Hidden categories:
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text:
The Lion and the Unicorn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the academic journal, see The Lion and the Unicorn (journal). For the essay by George Orwell, see The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius.
The lion and the unicorn as they appear on both versions of the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. In the Scottish version (shown right) the two have switched places and both are crowned, and the lion on top is coloured red.
The Lion and the Unicorn are symbols of the United Kingdom. They are, properly speaking, heraldic supporters appearing in the full royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The lion stands for England and the unicorn for Scotland. The combination therefore dates back to the 1603 accession of James I of England who was already James VI of Scotland. By extension, they have also been used in the arms of Canada since 1921.
Contents
[hide]
1 Nursery rhyme
2 In popular culture
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Nursery rhyme[edit]
The traditional legend of enmity between the two heraldic animals is recorded in a nursery rhyme which has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 20170. It is usually given with the lyrics:
The Lion and the Unicorn as they appear in A Nursery Rhyme Picture Book by L. Leslie Brooke.
The lion and the unicorn
Were fighting for the crown
The lion beat the unicorn
All around the town.
Some gave them white bread,
And some gave them brown;
Some gave them plum cake
and drummed them out of town.[1]
The legend of the two animals may have been intensified by the Acts of Union 1707 and it was one year later that William King (1663–1712) recorded a verse very similar to the first stanza of the modern rhyme.[1] This seems to have grown to include several other verses. Apart from those above only one survives:
And when he had beat him out,
He beat him in again;
He beat him three times over,
His power to maintain.[1]
In popular culture[edit]
John Tenniel's illustration for Through the Looking-Glass.
This rhyme was played upon by Lewis Carroll, who incorporated the lion and the unicorn as characters in Through the Looking-Glass. Here, the crown they are fighting for belongs to the White King which, given that they are on the White side as well, makes their rivalry all the more absurd. Carroll subverts the traditional view of a lion being alert and calculating by making this particular one slow and rather stupid, although clearly the better fighter. The role of the Unicorn is likewise reversed by the fact that he sees Alice as a "monster", though he promises to start believing in her if she will believe in him. Sir John Tenniel's illustrations for the section caricature Benjamin Disraeli as the Unicorn, and William Ewart Gladstone as the Lion, alluding to the pair's frequent parliamentary battles, although there is no evidence that this was Carroll's intention.[2]
The rhyme is also the basis of an episode in the novel Stardust by Neil Gaiman, in which the protagonists of the novel, Tristran Thorn and Yvaine, witness a lion and a unicorn fight over a crown during their travels through an enchanted forest. The accompanying illustration by Charles Vess applies an Art Nouveau style to a realistic depiction of a lion attacking its prey.
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
Heraldry portal
United Kingdom portal
Royal coat of arms of Scotland
Coat of arms of Canada
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 442-3.
Jump up ^ Picture Origins - Lenny's Alice in Wonderland site
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Lion and the Unicorn.
Baker, E.D. Dragon's Breath, 162-3. New York: Bloomsbury USA Children's Books (2003).
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Clarence Madison Dally
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Clarence Madison Dally (1865–1904) was an American glassblower, noted as an assistant to Thomas Edison in his work on X-rays and as an early victim of radiation dermatitis and its complications.
Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Glassblowing
3 Edison X-ray focus tube
4 Radiation effects
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
Early life and education[edit]
Clarence Dally was born in Woodbridge, New Jersey, one of four brothers. He enlisted in the United States Navy at the age of seventeen, and served for six years.
Glassblowing[edit]
After obtaining an honorable discharge he went to work at the Edison Lamp Works in Harrison with his father and brothers as a glassblower. Around 1890 he moved to the Edison Laboratory in West Orange to assist in experiments with the incandescent lamp.
Edison X-ray focus tube[edit]
Following Röntgen's work on X-rays in 1895, Clarence and his brother Charles worked on the development of the Edison X-ray focus tube, developing the fluoroscope using calcium tungstate. The Edison fluoroscope produced sharper images than the Röntgen fluoroscope, which used barium platinocyanide. At the time, the levels of X-rays produced were not believed to be dangerous. However, Edison noted how "the x-ray had affected poisonously my assistant, Mr. Dally."
Radiation effects[edit]
By 1900, Clarence Dally was suffering radiation damage to his hands and face sufficient to require time off work. In 1902, one lesion on his left wrist was treated unsuccessfully with multiple skin grafts and eventually his left hand was amputated. An ulceration on his right hand necessitated the amputation of four fingers.
These procedures failed to halt the progression of his carcinoma, and despite the amputation of his arms at the elbow and shoulder, he died from mediastinal cancer. Dally is thought to be the first American to die from the effects of experimentation with radiation.[1] Following this, Thomas Edison abandoned his research on X-rays. In 1903, Edison said "Don't talk to me about X-rays, I am afraid of them."[2]
See also[edit]
Nuclear labor issues
List of civilian radiation accidents
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ritenour, Mary Alice Statkiewicz-Sherer, Paul J. Visconti, E. Russell (1998). Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. p. 38. ISBN 978-0815128960.
Jump up ^ Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library: "Edison Fears the Hidden Perils of the X-Rays", New York World, August 3, 1903, Durham, NC.
Further reading[edit]
Brown, Percy (1995) [1936]. "American Martyrs to the Roentgen Rays". American Journal of Roentgenology. doi:10.2214/ajr.164.1.7998548.
"Edison fears hidden perils of the x-rays", New York World, Monday, August 3, 1903, page 1

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Tata Consultancy Services
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tata Consultancy Services Limited
Type
Public
Traded as
BSE: 532540
NSE: TCS
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry
IT services, IT consulting
Founded
1968; 50 years ago (1968)
Founder
J. R. D. Tata
F.C. Kohli
Headquarters
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Natarajan Chandrasekaran (Chairman)
Rajesh Gopinathan (CEO & MD)
Services
IT, business consulting and outsourcing services
Revenue
US$19.08 billion (2018)[1]
Operating income
US$4.73 billion (2018)[1]
Net income
US$4.00 billion (2018)[1]
Total assets
US$16.66 billion (2018)[1]
Total equity
US$13.41 billion (2018)[1]
Number of employees
394,998 (2017)[1]
Parent
Tata Group
Subsidiaries
TCS China
TRDDC
Website
www.tcs.com
Footnotes / references
[1]
Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.[2][3] It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and operates in 46 countries.[4]
TCS is one of the largest Indian companies by market capitalization...[5][6] TCS is now placed among the most valuable IT services brands worldwide.[7] TCS alone generates 70% dividends of its parent company, Tata Sons.[8] The parent group recently decided to sell stocks of TCS worth $1.25 billion in a bulk deal.[9] [10] In 2015, TCS is ranked 64th overall in the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies ranking, making it both the highest-ranked IT services company and the top Indian company.[11] It is the world's 9th largest IT services provider by revenue.[12] As of 2017, it is ranked 10th on the Fortune India 500 list. In April 2018, TCS became the first Indian IT company to breach $100 billion market capitalization,[13] and second Indian company ever (after Reliance Industries achieved it in 2007)[14] after its m-cap stood at Rs 6,79,332.81 crore ($102.6 billion) in Bombay Stock Exchange.[15][16][17]
On 12 January 2017, N.Chandrashekaran was elevated as the chairman for Tata Sons .[18]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1968-2000
1.2 2000 to present
1.3 Acquisitions
2 Products and services
2.1 Service lines
3 Operations
3.1 Locations
3.2 TCS BPS
3.3 Tata Research Development and Design Centre
3.4 Innovation Labs
4 Employees
5 Sponsorships
6 Controversies
6.1 Class action lawsuit
6.2 Accusations of discrimination
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
1968-2000[edit]
TCS Limited was founded in 1968 by division of Tata Sons Limited.[19] Its early contracts included punched card services to sister company TISCO (now Tata Steel), working on an Inter-Branch Reconciliation System for the Central Bank of India,[20] and providing bureau services to Unit Trust of India.
In 1975, TCS delivered an electronic depository and trading system called SECOM for the Swiss company SIS SegaInterSettle (deutsch); it also developed System X for the Canadian Depository System and automated the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.[21] It associated with a Swiss partner, TKS Teknosoft, which it later acquired.[22]
In 1980, TCS has established India's first dedicated software research and development centre, the Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC) in Pune.[23] In 1981, it established India's first client-dedicated offshore development centre, set up for clients Tandem. TCS later (1993) partnered with Canada-based software factory Integrity Software Corp, which TCS later acquired.
In anticipation of the Y2K bug and the launch of a unified European currency (Euro), Tata Consultancy Services created the factory model for Y2K conversion and developed software tools which automated the conversion process and enabled third-party developer and client implementation.[24] Towards of end of 1999, TCS decided to offer Decision Support System (DSS) in the domestic market under its Corporate Vice President and Transformation Head Subbu Iyer. [25]
2000 to present[edit]
On 25 August 2004, TCS became a Publicly Listed Company.[26][27]
In 2005, TCS became the first India-based IT services company to enter the bioinformatics market.[28] In 2006, it designed an ERP system for the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation.[29] By 2008, its e-business activities were generating over US$500 million in annual revenues.[30][31]
TCS entered the small and medium enterprises market for the first time in 2011, with cloud-based offerings.[32] On the last trading day of 2011, it overtook RIL to achieve the highest market capitalisation of any India-based company.[33] In the 2011/12 fiscal year, TCS achieved annual revenues of over US$10 billion for the first time.[34]
In May 2013, TCS was awarded a six-year contract worth over ₹ 1100 crores to provide services to the Indian Department of Posts.[35] In 2013, the firm moved from the 13th position to 10th position in the League of top 10 global IT services companies[36] and in July 2014, it became the first Indian company with over Rs 5 lakh crore market capitalization.[37][38]
In Jan 2015, TCS ends RIL's 23-year run as most profitable firm[39]
In Jan 2017, the company announced a partnership with Aurus, Inc., a payments technology company, to deliver payment solutions for retailers using TCS OmniStore, a first of its kind unified store commerce platform.[40]
Acquisitions[edit]
Name
Acquisition date
Activities
Country of HQ
Price
Employees
(at acquisition)
Notes
Reference
CMC Limited 2001 October IT Services IND $33.9 m 3,102 Gets Embedded Expertise & good Domestic customer reach. CMC Amalgamated with TCS on 28 April 2015.[1] [41][42][43]
Airline Financial Support Services India (AFSI) 2004 January BPO IND $5.1 m 400 BPO expertise in Airline and Hospitality sector [44][45]
Aviation Software Development Consultancy India (ASDC) 2004 March IT Services IND $3.1 m 180
Phoenix Global Solutions 2004 May Business Process Outsourcing IND $130 m 400 Acquire expertise in insurance-domain consulting [46][47]
Swedish Indian IT Resources AB (SITAR) 2005 May IT Services SWE $4.8 m n/a Acquire blue-chip European customers like Ericsson, IKEA, Vattenfall and Hutchison; SITAR was TCS’ exclusive partner in Sweden and a non-exclusive partner in Norway. [48][49]
Pearl Group 2005 October Insurance UK $94.7 m 950 Acquired life and pension outsourcing business from Pearl Group; Domain knowledge of life and pension underwriting business. [50][51]
Financial Network Services (FNS) 2005 October Core Banking Product AU $26 m 190 TCS acquired core banking solution product (BANCS) and access to 116 customers in 35 countries; FNS was an existing partner for TCS. [52][53]
Comicrom 2005 November Banking BPO CHL $23 m 1,257 Entry into Latin America; Access to payment processing platform. [54][55]
Tata Infotech 2006 February IT Services IND $259.2 m 3,600 The merger of Tata Infotech added 15 new Fortune 500 clients and enhanced TCS’ systems integration and infrastructure service capabilities. [56][57][58]
TCS Management 2006 November IT Services AU $13 m 35 Access to Australian clients [59][60]
TKS-Teknosoft 2006 November Banking Product CH $80.4 m 115 Expand product portfolio by acquiring rights to Quartz and ownership of Alpha and e-portfolio, enhanced presence in Switzerland and France [61]
Citigroup Global Services Limited 2008 December Captive BPO of Citigroup Inc. IND $512 m 12,472 TCS acquired key Banking and Financial Services (BFS) domain knowledge. [62][63]
Supervalu Services India 2010 September Captive IT/BPO unit of Supervalu Inc. in India IND $100 m 600 TCS had a deal with Supervalu to have their Software Outsourcing to TCS and acquired Supervalu India. [64]
Computational Research Laboratories 2012 August High Performance Computing IND $34 m 80 Acquire expertise in High Performance Computing (HPC) applications and Cloud services [65][66]
Alti SA 2013 April IT Services FRA $97.5 Mn 1200 Access to blue-chip French and European clients in banking, luxury, manufacturing and utilities sectors [67]
Products and services[edit]
TCS and its 67 subsidiaries[68] provide a wide range of information technology-related products and services including application development, business process outsourcing, capacity planning, consulting, enterprise software, hardware sizing, payment processing, software management and technology education services.[69] The firm's established software products are TCS BaNCS and TCS MasterCraft.[70]
Service lines[edit]
TCS' services are currently organised into the following service lines (percentage of total TCS revenues in the 2012-13 fiscal year generated by each respective service line is shown in parentheses):
Application development and maintenance (43.80%) value;
Asset leverage solutions (2.70%);
Assurance services (7.70%);
Business process outsourcing (12.50%);
Consulting (2.00%);
Engineering and Industrial services (4.60%);
Enterprise solutions (15.21%); and
IT infrastructure services (11.50%).[69]
Operations[edit]
TCS has 289 offices across 46 countries and 147 delivery centers in 21 countries.[4] At the same date TCS had a total of 58 subsidiary companies.[69]
Locations[edit]
TCS has operations in the following locations:
India: Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Baroda, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Goa, Gurgaon, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Bhopal, Indore, Jamshedpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Noida, Nashik, Pune, Trivandrum[71][72] and Patna[73][74][75][76]
Africa: South Africa, Morocco(closed down)[77][78]
Asia (excluding India): Bahrain, China, Israel, UAE, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Qatar [79][80][81]
Oceania: Australia
Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
North America: Canada, Mexico and United States.
South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay.[82]
The Tata Consultancy Services campus in Lucknow
Tata Consultancy Services on Grosvenor Square, London
TCS BPS[edit]
TCS BPS (Business Process Services) is the third-largest India-based IT outsourcing company (after capgemini).[83] The BPS division had revenues of US$1.44 billion in the FY 2012-13 which was 12.5% of the total revenue of TCS.[84] TCS BPS has more than 45,000 employees which serve over 225 million customers across 11 countries.[85] The rate of attrition in BPS division during the financial year 2012-13 was 19.5%.[86]
In 2006, TCS won a $35 million contract from Eli Lilly and Company for providing data management, biostatistics and medical writing services.[87][88] In 2007, it won a major multi-year deal from Swiss pharmaceutical major Hoffmann-La Roche to provide data management, biostatistics, clinical programming and drug safety support to Hoffmann-La Roche's global pharmaceutical development efforts.[89][90][91]
The firm has also opened a business process outsourcing facility in the Philippines.[92]
Tata Research Development and Design Centre[edit]
Main article: Tata Research Development and Design Centre
TCS established the first software research center in India, the Tata Research Development and Design Centre, in Pune, India in 1981. TRDDC undertakes research in Software engineering, Process engineering and systems research. Researchers at TRDDC also developed MasterCraft (now a suite of digitization and optimization tools)[93] a Model Driven Development software that can automatically create code based on a model of a software, and rewrite the code based on the user's needs.[94] Research at TRDDC has also resulted in the development of Sujal, a low-cost water purifier that can be manufactured using locally available resources. TCS deployed thousands of these filters in the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster of 2004 as part of its relief activities.[95] This product has been marketed in India as Tata swach, a low cost water purifier.[96]
Innovation Labs[edit]
In 2007, TCS launched its co-innovation network, a network of innovation labs, start up alliances, university research departments, and venture capitalists.[97][98] In addition, TCS has 19 innovation labs based in three countries.[99] TCS' partners include Collabnet, Cassatt, academic institutions such as IITs, Stanford, MIT, Carnegie Mellon and venture capitalists like Sequoia and Kleiner Perkins.[100]
Employees[edit]
TCS is one of the biggest and the largest private sector employers in India,[101] and the fourth-largest employer among listed Indian companies (after Indian Railways, Indian Army and India Post).[102] TCS had a total of 387,000 employees as of December 2016, of which 31% were women.[69][103][104][105] The number of non-Indian nationals was 21,282 as at 31 March 2013 (7.7%).[69][106] The employee costs for the FY 2012-13 were US$4.38 billion, which was approx. 38% of the total revenue of the company for that period.[1] In the fiscal year 2012-13, TCS recruited a total of 69,728 new staff, of whom 59,276 were based in India and 10,452 were based in the rest of the world.[69] In the same period, the rate of attrition was 10.6%.[69] The average age of a TCS employee is 28 years.[69] The employee utilisation rate, excluding trainees, for the FY 2012-13 was 82%.[69] TCS was the fifth-largest United States visa recipient in 2008 (after Infosys, CTS, Wipro and Mahindra Satyam).[107][108] In 2012, the Tata group companies, including TCS, were the second largest recipient of H-1B visas.[109][110] As of June 2017, TCS has over 387,000+ employees. It is world's third largest IT employer behind IBM and HP.
Subramaniam Ramadorai, former CEO of TCS, has written an autobiographical book about his experiences in the company called The TCS Story...and Beyond.[111]
Sponsorships[edit]
TCS is the title sponsor for Amsterdam Marathon and New York City Marathon[112] and one of the sponsors of Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon, Boston Marathon, Mumbai Marathon.[113] In India, it is the title sponsor of World 10K held in Bangalore every year.[114] TCS is a sponsor of Indian Premier League team Rajasthan Royals since 2009.[115] In addition, TCS provides Rajasthan Royals with technology to help in analysis of player performance, simulation and use of RFID tags for tracking the players’ fitness levels and for security purposes in the stadiums.[116][117] TCS sponsors an annual IT quiz for high school students called TCS IT Wiz.[118] The TCS IT Wiz is the largest quiz in India, attracting students who are studying between class 8 and class 12. This quiz is hosted by Mr. Giri Balasubramanium.
Controversies[edit]
Class action lawsuit[edit]
On 14 February 2006, U.S. law firm Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP filed a nationwide class action lawsuit against Tata.[119] In July 2013, judge Claudia Wilken of the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California in Oakland, California, granted final approval to the settlement of the lawsuit on behalf of all non-U.S. citizens employed by TCS within the state of California from 14 February 2002 to 30 June 2005. The workers claimed that they were forced to sign over their federal and state tax refunds to their employer, as well as stating their Indian salaries were wrongfully deducted from their U.S. pay.[120] On 22 February 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to settle for a sum of INR 16,163 lakhs ($29.75 million), this class action suit filed in a United States Court relating to payment to employees on deputation.[69]
Charleston County in South Carolina sued Tata Consultancy Services for delivering botched software. TCS won the contract to create an online tax system (digiTax) for a $1.2 million. The system was supposed to go live in July 2004 but was plagued by several delays. Tata developed the software at its offshore development center in Chennai, India. The software was rejected by Charleston County during user acceptance testing where it failed to meet even the basic requirements. County sued Tata and it agreed to pay back $1 million in out of court settlement. Charleston County finally bought an off the shelf solution.[121]
A US grand jury has slapped two companies of India's Tata group - Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp - with a USD 940 million fine in a trade secret lawsuit filed against them. Epic Systems had accused TCS and Tata America International Corp, in a lawsuit filed in October, 2014 in US District Court in Madison which was amended in January and December 2015, of "brazenly stealing the trade secrets, confidential information, documents and data" belonging to Epic.[122]
Accusations of discrimination[edit]
In May 2013, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), in its extensive coverage of the hiring of temporary foreign workers in Canada and the unemployment issues faced by Canadians, reported that TCS rarely hires skilled experienced Canadians at the Toronto offices while advertising open positions in Canada. TCS responded that the company hired more than 125 Canadian workers in 2013 who make less than 1.2% of the 10,452 workers the company has outside of India.[69][123]
In April 2015, a class-action lawsuit against TCS was filed in a San Francisco federal court by a U.S. information technology worker and ex-employee, who accused the company of discriminating against American workers by favoring South Asians in hiring and promotion. The lawsuit claimed that South Asians comprise 95% of the company's 14,000-person U.S. workforce, and that TCS engaged in discriminatory practices by sourcing most of its workforce through the H-1B visa programme, by focusing its U.S.-based hiring disproportionately on South Asians and by favoring South Asian employees in its human resources practices. In response, TCS refuted the plaintiff's claims, assuring that it is an equal opportunity employer and bases its employment practices on non-discriminatory reasons. A spokesperson said that in 2014 alone the company had recruited over 2,600 U.S. hires.[124]
See also[edit]
List of public corporations by market capitalization
List of IT consulting firms
List of Indian IT companies
List of companies of India
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