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List of Bollywood films of 2015
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2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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This is a list of Bollywood films that were released in 2015. A total of 204 Hindi films were released in 2015 (including dubbed versions).[1][2]
The highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2015 was Bajrangi Bhaijaan, which was the second-highest-grossing Bollywood film ever at the time.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Box office collection
2 January–March
3 April–June
4 July–September
5 October–December
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
Box office collection[edit]
The highest-grossing Bollywood films released in 2015, by worldwide box office gross revenue, are as follows:
Highest worldwide gross of 2015
Rank
Title
Worldwide gross
Ref.
1
Bajrangi Bhaijaan ₹970.05 crore (US$151 million) [a]
2
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo ₹432 crore (US$67 million) [4]
3
Dilwale ₹408.15 crore (US$64 million) [b]
4
Bajirao Mastani ₹356.2 crore (US$56 million) [11]
5
Tanu Weds Manu: Returns ₹243.6 crore (US$38 million) [11]
6
Welcome Back ₹168.76 crore (US$26 million) [11]
7
ABCD 2 ₹158.31 crore (US$25 million) [11]
8
Dil Dhadakne Do ₹144.79 crore (US$23 million) [11]
9
Piku ₹141.26 crore (US$22 million) [11]
10
Tamasha ₹136.63 crore (US$21 million) [11]
January–March[edit]
Opening
Name
Genre
Director
Cast
Source
000000002018-01-02-00002 January International Hero Drama Sanjay Niranjan Nakul Vaid, Jatin Grewal, Gurleen Chopra, Puneet Issar [12]
000000002018-01-02-00002 January Mumbai Can Dance Saala Thriller Sachindra Sharma Ashima Sharma, Prashant Narayanan, Aditya Pancholi, Mukesh Tiwari [13]
000000002018-01-02-00002 January Take It Easy Drama Sunil Prem Vyas Vikram Gokhale, Dipannita Sharma, Raj Zutshi, Anang Desai, Joy Sengupta, Sulabha Arya, Vijay Kashyap [14]
000000002018-01-09-00009 January Tevar Action/romance Amit Sharma Arjun Kapoor, Sonakshi Sinha, Raj Babbar, Manoj Bajpai [15][16]
000000002018-01-16-000016 January Alone Horror Bhushan Patel Bipasha Basu, Karan Singh Grover [17]
000000002018-01-16-000016 January Crazy Cukkad Family Comedy Ritesh Menon Swanand Kirkire, Shilpa Shukla, Ninad Kamat, Kushal Punjabi, Kiran Karmarkar, Yusuf Hussain [18][19]
000000002018-01-16-000016 January Sharafat Gayi Tel Lene Comedy/thriller Gurmmeet Singh Zayed Khan, Tena Desae, Rannvijay Singh, Talia Benson, Anupam Kher [20][21]
000000002018-01-23-000023 January Baby Thriller Neeraj Pandey Akshay Kumar, Taapsee Pannu, Rana Daggubati, Anupam Kher, Kay Kay Menon, Danny Denzongpa [22]
000000002018-01-23-000023 January Dolly Ki Doli Romantic/comedy Abhishek Dogra Sonam Kapoor, Pulkit Samrat, Rajkummar Rao, Varun Sharma [23][24]
000000002018-01-30-000030 January Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru Comedy Manoj Sharma Hemant Pandey, Chandrachur Singh, Sanjay Mishra, Manoj Pahwa
000000002018-01-30-000030 January Hawaizaada Drama Vibhu Puri Ayushmann Khurrana, Pallavi Sharda [25][26]
000000002018-01-30-000030 January Khamoshiyan: Silences Have Secrets Horror Karan Dara Gurmeet Choudhary, Ali Fazal, Sapna Pabbi [27][28]
000000002018-01-30-000030 January Rahasya Mystery Manish Gupta Tisca Chopra, Ashish Vidyarthi, Kay Kay Menon [29]
000000002018-02-06-00006 February Jai Jawaan Jai Kisaan Drama Milan Ajmera Jatin Khurana, Om Puri, Prem Chopra, Rati Agnihotri, Rishi Bhutani, Sanjay Chakraborty, Akhilesh Jain [30]
000000002018-02-06-00006 February Shamitabh Drama R. Balki Amitabh Bachchan, Dhanush, Akshara Haasan [24][31]
000000002018-02-13-000013 February MSG: The Messenger Action/drama Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh and Jeetu Arora Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh, Daniel Kaleb, Fllora Saini, Jayshree Soni, Olexandra Semen, Gaurav Gera, Jay Singh Rajpoot, Himanshu Tiwari [32]
000000002018-02-13-000013 February Roy Romance/thriller Vikramjit Singh Ranbir Kapoor, Jacqueline Fernandez, Arjun Rampal [33][34]
000000002018-02-20-000020 February Badlapur Action/thriller Sriram Raghavan Varun Dhawan, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Huma Qureshi, Yami Gautam, Vinay Pathak, Divya Dutta [35][36]
000000002018-02-20-000020 February Qissa Historical drama Anup Singh Irrfan Khan, Tillotama Shome, Tisca Chopra, Faezeh Jalali, Rasika Duggal [37]
000000002018-02-27-000027 February Ab Tak Chhappan 2 Crime/drama Aejaz Gulab Nana Patekar, Ashutosh Rana, Vikram Gokhale, Gul Panag [38]
000000002018-02-27-000027 February Dum Laga Ke Haisha Comedy Sharat Katariya Ayushmann Khurrana, Bhumi Pednekar [39][40]
000000002018-03-04-00004 March Badmashiyaan Romantic comedy Amit Khanna Suzzanna Mukherjee, Sidhant Gupta, Gunjan Malhotra, Sharib Hashmi, Karan Mehra [41]
000000002018-03-04-00004 March Coffee Bloom Romance/drama Manu Warrier Arjun Mathur, Sugandha Garg, Mohan Kapur [42]
000000002018-03-04-00004 March Dirty Politics Political drama K. C. Bokadia Mallika Sherawat, Jackie Shroff, Atul Kulkarni, Anupam Kher, Ashutosh Rana [43][44]
000000002018-03-04-00004 March Hey Bro Comedy Ajay Chandhok Ganesh Acharya, Nupur Sharma, Maninder Singh [45]
000000002018-03-13-000013 March NH10 Thriller Navdeep Singh Anushka Sharma, Neil Bhoopalam, Darshan Kumar [46]
000000002018-03-20-000020 March Dilliwali Zaalim Girlfriend Comedy Japinder Kaur Divyendu Sharma, Jackie Shroff, Prachi Mishra, Ira Dubey
000000002018-03-20-000020 March Hunterrr Comedy Harshavardhan Kulkarni Gulshan Devaiah, Radhika Apte, Sai Tamhankar [47]
000000002018-03-27-000027 March Barkhaa Romance Shadaab Mirza Sara Loren, Taaha Shah, Shweta Pandit, Priyanshu Chatterjee [48]
April–June[edit]
Opening
Name
Genre
Director
Cast
Source
000000002018-04-02-00002 April Detective Byomkesh Bakshy Thriller Dibakar Banerjee Sushant Singh Rajput, Anand Tiwari, Swastika Mukherjee, Divya Menon, Neeraj Kabi, Meiyang Chang [49]
000000002018-04-02-00002 April Paisa Ho Paisa Comedy Muktha Sunder Dhruv Bhandari, Madalasa Sharma, Kanishka Soni [50]
000000002018-04-03-00003 April Luckhnowi Ishq Romance Aanand Raut Adhyayan Suman, Karishma Kotak [51]
000000002018-04-10-000010 April Dharam Sankat Mein Drama Fuwad Khan Naseeruddin Shah, Paresh Rawal, Annu Kapoor, Murali Sharma [52]
000000002018-04-10-000010 April Ek Paheli Leela Musical Bobby Khan Sunny Leone, Jay Bhanushali, Mohit Ahlawat, Rajneesh Duggal, Rahul Dev, Jas Arora [53]
000000002018-04-17-000017 April Court Drama Chaitanya Tamhane Vira Satidhar, Vivek Gombher, Geetanjali Kulkarni [54]
000000002018-04-17-000017 April Margarita with a Straw Drama Shonali Bose Kalki Koechlin, Revathi, Hussain Dalal
000000002018-04-17-000017 April Mr. X Sci fi/thriller Vikram Bhatt Emraan Hashmi, Amyra Dastur, Nora Fatehi [55][56]
000000002018-04-17-000017 April NH-8 Road to Nidhivan Horror Munindra Gupta Auroshikha Dey, Ravneet Kaur, Satyakam Anand, Arjun Fauzdar, Swaroopa Ghosh [57]
000000002018-04-17-000017 April Ek Adbhut Dakshina Guru Dakshina Dance/drama Kiran Phadnis Rajeev Govinda Pillai, Rajesh Shringarpure, Sulagna Panigrahi, Girish Karnad, Roopa Ganguly [58]
000000002018-04-24-000024 April Ishq Ke Parindey Romance Shakir Khan Rishi Verma, Priyanka Mehta, Manjul Aazad, Yasir Iftikhar Khan [59]
000000002018-04-24-000024 April Kaagaz Ke Fools Comedy Anil Kumar Chaudhary Vinay Pathak, Mugdha Godse, Raima Sen, Saurabh Shukla, Rajendra Sethi, Amit Behl [60]
000000002018-05-01-00001 May Gabbar is Back Crime/action Krish Akshay Kumar, Shruti Haasan, Suman [61][62][63][64]
000000002018-05-01-00001 May Sabki Bajegi Band Thriller/drama Anirudh Chawla Sumeet Vyas, Swara Bhaskar, Alekh Sangal, Shaurya Chauhan, Amol Parashar [65]
000000002018-05-08-00008 May Kuch Kuch Locha Hai Comedy Devang Dholakia Ram Kapoor, Sunny Leone, Evelyn Sharma, Navdeep Chabbra
000000002018-05-08-00008 May Piku Comedy/drama Shoojit Sircar Amitabh Bachchan, Deepika Padukone, Irrfan Khan, Moushumi Chatterjee, Jisshu Sengupta [66][67]
000000002018-05-15-000015 May Bombay Velvet Crime/drama Anurag Kashyap Ranbir Kapoor, Anushka Sharma, Karan Johar, Kay Kay Menon [68]
000000002018-05-22-000022 May Main Hoon Rajinikanth Spoof, comedy, thriller Faisal Saif Adithya Menon, Kavita Radheshyam [56][69]
000000002018-05-22-000022 May Tanu Weds Manu Returns Romance/comedy Anand L. Rai R. Madhavan, Kangana Ranaut [56][70]
000000002018-05-29-000029 May I Love Desi Comedy Pankaj Batra Vedant Bali, Priyanka Shah, Gulshan Grover [56][71]
000000002018-05-29-000029 May Ishqedarriyaan Drama V. K. Prakash Mahaakshay Chakraborty, Evelyn Sharma, Kavin Dave, Mohit Dutta [72]
000000002018-05-29-000029 May P Se PM Tak Comedy Kundan Shah Meenakshi Dixit, Rocky Verma, Bharat Jadhav, Yashpal Sharma [56][73]
000000002018-05-29-000029 May Welcome 2 Karachi Comedy Ashish R Mohan Arshad Warsi, Jackky Bhagnani, Lauren Gottlieb, Ayub Khoso, Adnan Shah, Imran Hasnee [74][75]
000000002018-06-05-00005 June Dil Dhadakne Do Drama Zoya Akhtar Ranveer Singh, Priyanka Chopra, Farhan Akhtar, Anushka Sharma, Anil Kapoor, Shefali Shah [76][77]
000000002018-06-05-00005 June Mere Genie Uncle 3D Drama Ashish Bhavsar Tiku Talsania, Swati Kapoor, Shakti Kapoor, Ehsaan Qureshi
000000002018-06-12-000012 June Hamari Adhuri Kahani Romance/drama Mohit Suri Emraan Hashmi, Vidya Balan, Rajkummar Rao [56][78]
000000002018-06-19-000019 June ABCD 2 Dance Remo D'Souza Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor , Prabhu Deva, Lauren Gottlieb, Dharmesh Yelande, Punit Pathak, Raghav Juyal [79]
000000002018-06-26-000026 June Miss Tanakpur Haazir Ho Comedy/drama Vinod Kapri Annu Kapoor, Om Puri, Rahul Bagga, Hrishitaa Bhatt [80]
000000002018-06-26-000026 June Uvaa Social/comedy Jasbir Bhaati Om Puri, Jimmy Sheirgill, Sangram Singh, Archana Puran Singh [81]
July–September[edit]
Opening
Name
Genre
Director
Cast
Source
000000002018-07-03-00003 July Bezubaan Ishq Romance Jashwant Gangani Nishant Malkani, Mugdha Godse, Sneha Ullal [82]
000000002018-07-03-00003 July Guddu Rangeela Comedy Subhash Kapoor Arshad Warsi, Aditi Rao Hydari, Amit Sadh [83]
000000002018-07-03-00003 July Second Hand Husband Drama Smeep Kang Gippy Grewal, Tina Ahuja, Dharmendra [84]
000000002018-07-10-000010 July Baahubali Action S. S. Rajamouli Prabhas, Rana Daggubati, Anushka Shetty, Tamannaah Bhatia [85]
000000002018-07-10-000010 July I Love NY Romance/drama Radhika Rao Sunny Deol, Kangana Ranaut [86][87]
000000002018-07-10-000010 July Thoda Lutf Thoda Ishq Romance/drama Sachin Gupta Hiten Tejwani, Sanjay Mishra [87][86]
000000002018-07-17-000017 July Bajrangi Bhaijaan Action, comedy, drama Kabir Khan Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Harshaali Malhotra [88][89]
000000002018-07-24-000024 July Aisa Yeh Jahaan Drama Biswajeet Bora Palash Sen, Ira Dubey, Kymsleen Kholie, Yashpal Sharma [90]
000000002018-07-24-000024 July Masaan Drama Neeraj Ghaywan Richa Chadha, Vicky Kaushal, Sanjay Mishra, Shweta Tripathi [91]
000000002018-07-31-000031 July Drishyam Drama/thriller Nishikant Kamat Ajay Devgn, Tabu, Shriya Saran, Rajat Kapoor [92][93]
000000002018-08-07-00007 August Bangistan Comedy Karan Anshuman Riteish Deshmukh, Pulkit Samrat [94]
000000002018-08-21-000021 August All Is Well Drama Umesh Shukla Abhishek Bachchan, Asin Thottumkal, Rishi Kapoor, Supriya Pathak [95]
000000002018-08-14-000014 August Brothers Drama Karan Malhotra Akshay Kumar, Sidharth Malhotra, Jacqueline Fernandez, Jackie Shroff, Conan Stevens, Kareena Kapoor [96][97][98]
000000002018-08-14-000014 August Gour Hari Dastaan Drama Ananth Narayan Mahadevan Vinay Pathak, Konkona Sen Sharma, Ranvir Shorey, Tannishtha Chatterjee [99]
000000002018-08-21-000021 August Manjhi - The Mountain Man Drama Ketan Mehta Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Radhika Apte [100]
000000002018-08-21-000021 August Rolling Dream Drama Maahi Kaur Saachi Tiwari [101]
000000002018-08-28-000028 August Kaun Kitney Paani Mein Social/drama Nila Madhab Panda Saurabh Shukla, Radhika Apte, Gulshan Grover [102]
000000002018-08-28-000028 August Phantom Action/thriller Kabir Khan Saif Ali Khan, Katrina Kaif [103][104][105]
000000002018-09-04-00004 September Welcome Back Romance/comedy Anees Bazmee John Abraham, Shruti Hassan, Anil Kapoor, Nana Patekar, Paresh Rawal, Dimple Kapadia [106]
000000002018-09-11-000011 September Hero Action/romance Nikhil Advani Sooraj Pancholi, Athiya Shetty, Tigmanshu Dhulia, Aditya Pancholi, Sharad Kelkar [107][108][109]
000000002018-09-11-000011 September Sorry Daddy Action/drama Vijay Pal and Shakur Shamim Khan, Mukesh Tiwari, Tinu Verma [110]
000000002018-09-18-000018 September Katti Batti Romance/comedy Nikhil Advani Imran Khan, Kangana Ranaut [111]
000000002018-09-18-000018 September Meeruthiya Gangster Crime/comedy Zeishan Quadri Jaideep Ahlawat, Aakash Dahiya, Shadab Kamal, Nushrat Bharucha, Ishita Sharma [112]
000000002018-09-18-000018 September MSG-2:The Messenger Action/thriller Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh [113]
000000002018-09-25-000025 September Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon Comedy Abbas-Mustan Kapil Sharma, Arbaz Khan, Manjari Phadnis, Simran Kaur Mundi, Elli Avram, Sai Lokur, Varun Sharma, Supriya Pathak [107]
000000002018-09-25-000025 September Calendar Girls Drama Madhur Bhandarkar Akanksha Puri, Kyra Dutt, Avani Modi, Ruhi Singh [114][115]
000000002018-09-25-000025 September Bhaag Johnny Drama Shivam Nair Kunal Khemu, Zoa Morani, Mandana Karimi [116]
000000002018-09-25-000025 September Time Out Drama Rikhil Bahadur Chirag Malhotra, Pranay Pachauri [117]
October–December[edit]
Opening
Name
Genre
Director
Cast
Source
000000002018-10-02-00002 October Singh Is Bliing Comedy Prabhu Deva Akshay Kumar, Amy Jackson [118]
000000002018-10-02-00002 October Talvar Thriller Meghna Gulzar Irrfan Khan, Konkona Sen Sharma, Tabu [119]
000000002018-10-09-00009 October Jazbaa Action/drama Sanjay Gupta Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Irrfan Khan, Shabana Azmi [120]
000000002018-10-16-000016 October Bumper Draw Comedy Irshad Khan Rajpal Yadav, Zakir Hussain, Subrat Dutta, Rushad Rana [121]
000000002018-10-16-000016 October Chinar Daastaan-E-Ishq Romantic/drama Sharique Minhaj Faisal Khan, Inayat Sharma, Dalip Tahil, Shahbaz Khan
000000002018-10-16-000016 October Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2 Comedy Luv Ranjan Kartik Aaryan, Nushrat Bharucha, Sonalli Sehgal, Omkar Kapoor [122]
000000002018-10-16-000016 October Wedding Pullav Comedy Binod Pradhan Anushka Ranjan, Diganth Manchale, Karan Grover, Rishi Kapoor, Sonalli Sehgal [123]
000000002018-10-22-000022 October Shaandaar Romance/comedy Vikas Bahl Shahid Kapoor, Alia Bhatt, Pankaj Kapur [124]
000000002018-10-30-000030 October Titli Crime Kanu Behl Shashank Arora, Ranvir Shorey, Amit Sial, Lalit Behl [125]
000000002018-10-30-000030 October Main Aur Charles Thriller Prawaal Raman Randeep Hooda, Richa Chadha, Adil Hussain, Nandu Madhav [126]
000000002018-10-30-000030 October Once Upon A Time In Bihar Political Nitin Chandra Ashish Vidyarthi, Kranti Prakash Jha, Ajay Kumar, Arti Puri, Pankaj Jha, Deepak Singh [127]
000000002018-10-30-000030 October Guddu Ki Gun Comedy Shantanu Ray Chhibber, Sheershak Anand Kunal Khemu, Payel Sarkar, Aparna Sharma, Sumeet Vyas [128]
000000002018-10-30-000030 October Love Exchange Romance Raj V Shetty Mohit Madan, Jyoti Sharma [129]
000000002018-10-30-000030 October Prithipal Singh... A Story Biopic Babita Puri Vikas Kumar, Anjali Singh [130]
000000002018-11-06-00006 November Four Pillars of Basement Thriller Giresh Naik K Dillzan Wadia, Bruna Abdullah, Aaliya Singh, Zakir Hussain [131]
000000002018-11-06-00006 November Charlie Kay Chakkar Mein Crime/thriller Manish Srivasta Naseeruddin Shah [132]
000000002018-11-06-00006 November Yaara Silly Silly Romance Subhash Sehgal Paoli Dam, Parambrata Chatterjee [133]
000000002018-11-06-00006 November Ranbanka Action Aryeman Ramsay Manish Paul, Ravi Kishan, Pooja Thakur [134]
000000002018-11-12-000012 November Prem Ratan Dhan Payo Romance Sooraj Barjatya Salman Khan, Sonam Kapoor, Neil Nitin Mukesh, Swara Bhaskar, Armaan Kohli, Anupam Kher, Deepak Dobriyal, Sanjay Mishra [135]
000000002018-11-20-000020 November X Anthology Various Directors Rajat Kapoor, Huma Qureshi [136]
000000002018-11-27-000027 November Angry Indian Goddesses Drama Pan Nalin Sarah-Jane Dias, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Anushka Manchanda, Sandhya Mridul [137]
000000002018-11-27-000027 November Tamasha Romance Imtiaz Ali Deepika Padukone, Ranbir Kapoor [138]
000000002018-12-04-00004 December Hate Story 3 Adult/thriller Vishal Pandya Zarine Khan, Daisy Shah, Sharman Joshi, Karan Singh Grover [139]
000000002018-12-04-00004 December Kajarya Drama Madhureeta Anand Meenu Hooda, Ridhima Sud, Kuldeep Ruhil [140]
000000002018-12-11-000011 December The Silent Heroes Adventure Mahesh Bhatt Maanuv Bhardawaj, Priyanka Panchal, Mann Bagga, Simran Deep, Nirmal Kumar Pant [141]
000000002018-12-18-000018 December Bajirao Mastani Romance Sanjay Leela Bhansali Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone, Priyanka Chopra [142][143]
000000002018-12-18-000018 December Dilwale Action/romance Rohit Shetty Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Varun Dhawan, Kriti Sanon [144][145][146][147]
See also[edit]
List of Bollywood films of 2016
List of Bollywood films of 2014
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Bajrangi Bhaijaan worldwide gross – ₹970.05 crore (US$151 million)
India – ₹433 crore[4] (US$67.41 million)
Overseas – ₹537.05 crore (US$84 million)
China – US$49.99 million[5] (₹326 crore)[6]
Other territories – US$30.9 million[7] (₹211.05 crore)[8]
Jump up ^ Dilwale worldwide gross: ₹408.15 crore (US$63 million)
Domestic: ₹214.15 crore (US$33 million)[9]
Overseas: US$30.2 million[7] (₹194 crore)[10]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b "Best of 2015: Top 6 highest grossing films". Daily News and Analysis. 26 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Box Office > China (04/01/2018)". EntGroup. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Yearly Average Rates (65.11 INR per USD)". OFX. 31 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hooli, Shekhar (1 May 2017). "Baahubali 2 overseas box office collection: Rajamouli's film beats Chennai Express, Kabali's lifetime record in 1st weekend". International Business Times.
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Jump up ^ "Qissa (2015)". Indian Express. Retrieved 2015-02-05.
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Jump up ^ "Hunterrr trailer: Gulshan Devaiah, the sex addict has all the fun in this adult film!". India.com. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sara Loren's film Barkhaa's release date announced".
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^ Jump up to: a b "I Love New Year(2015)". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bollywood Box Office Report Of The Week". Glamsham. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Dilwale(2015)". International Business Times. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
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Separation of duties
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Separation of duties (SoD)(Also known as Segregation of Duties) is the concept of having more than one person required to complete a task. In business the separation by sharing of more than one individual in one single task is an internal control intended to prevent fraud and error. The concept is alternatively called segregation of duties or, in the political realm, separation of powers. In democracies, the separation of legislation from administration serves a similar purpose. The concept is addressed in technical systems and in information technology equivalently and generally addressed as redundancy.
Contents
[hide]
1 General description
1.1 Principles
1.2 Auxiliary Patterns
2 Application in general business and in accounting
3 Application in information systems
4 References
5 External links
General description[edit]
Separation of duties is a key concept of internal controls. Increased protection from fraud and errors must be balanced with the increased cost/effort required.
In essence, SoD implements an appropriate level of checks and balances upon the activities of individuals. R. A. Botha and J. H. P. Eloff in the IBM Systems Journal describe SoD as follows.
Separation of duty, as a security principle, has as its primary objective the prevention of fraud and errors. This objective is achieved by disseminating the tasks and associated privileges for a specific business process among multiple users. This principle is demonstrated in the traditional example of separation of duty found in the requirement of two signatures on a cheque.[1]
Actual job titles and organizational structure may vary greatly from one organization to another, depending on the size and nature of the business. Accordingly, rank or hierarchy are less important than the skillset and capabilities of the individuals involved. With the concept of SoD, business critical duties can be categorized into four types of functions: authorization, custody, record keeping, and reconciliation. In a perfect system, no one person should handle more than one type of function.
Principles[edit]
Principally several approaches are optionally viable as partially or entirely different paradigms:
sequential separation (two signatures principle)
individual separation (four eyes principle)
spatial separation (separate action in separate locations)
factorial separation (several factors contribute to completion)
Auxiliary Patterns[edit]
A person with multiple functional roles has the opportunity to abuse those powers. The pattern to minimize risk is:
Start with a function that is indispensable, but potentially subject to abuse.
Divide the function into separate steps, each necessary for the function to work or for the power that enables that function to be abused.
Assign each step to a different person or organization.
General categories of functions to be separated:
authorization function
recording function, e.g. preparing source documents or code or performance reports
custody of asset whether directly or indirectly, e.g. receiving checks in mail or implementing source code or database changes.
reconciliation or audit
splitting one security key in two (more) parts between responsible persons
Primarily the individual separation is addressed as the only selection.
Application in general business and in accounting[edit]
The term SoD is already well known in financial accounting systems. Companies in all sizes understand not to combine roles such as receiving cheques (payment on account) and approving write-offs, depositing cash and reconciling bank statements, approving time cards and have custody of pay cheques, etc. SoD is fairly new to most Information Technology (IT) departments, but a high percentage of Sarbanes-Oxley internal audit issues come from IT.[2]
In information systems, segregation of duties helps reduce the potential damage from the actions of one person. IS or end-user department should be organized in a way to achieve adequate separation of duties. According to ISACA's Segregation of Duties Control matrix,[3] some duties should not be combined into one position. This matrix is not an industry standard, just a general guideline suggesting which positions should be separated and which require compensating controls when combined.
Depending on a company's size, functions and designations may vary. When duties cannot be separated, compensating controls should be in place. Compensating controls are internal controls that are intended to reduce the risk of an existing or potential control weakness. If a single person can carry out and conceal errors and/or irregularities in the course of performing their day-to-day activities, they have been assigned SoD incompatible duties. There are several control mechanisms that can help to enforce the segregation of duties:
Audit trails enable IT managers or Auditors to recreate the actual transaction flow from the point of origination to its existence on an updated file. Good audit trails should be enabled to provide information on who initiated the transaction, the time of day and date of entry, the type of entry, what fields of information it contained, and what files it updated.
Reconciliation of applications and an independent verification process is ultimately the responsibility of users, which can be used to increase the level of confidence that an application ran successfully.
Exception reports are handled at supervisory level, backed up by evidence noting that exceptions are handled properly and in timely fashion. A signature of the person who prepares the report is normally required.
Manual or automated system or application transaction logs should be maintained, which record all processed system commands or application transactions.
Supervisory review should be performed through observation and inquiry.
To compensate mistakes or intentional failures by following a prescribed procedure, independent reviews are recommended. Such reviews can help detect errors and irregularities.
Application in information systems[edit]
The accounting profession has invested significantly in separation of duties because of the understood risks accumulated over hundreds of years of accounting practice.
By contrast, many corporations in the United States found that an unexpectedly high proportion of their Sarbanes-Oxley internal control issues came from IT. Separation of duties is commonly used in large IT organizations so that no single person is in a position to introduce fraudulent or malicious code or data without detection. Role based access control is frequently used in IT systems where SoD is required. Strict control of software and data changes will require that the same person or organizations performs only one of the following roles:
Identification of a requirement (or change request); e.g. a business person
Authorization and approval; e.g. an IT governance board or manager
Design and development; e.g. a developer
Review, inspection and approval; e.g. another developer or architect.
Implementation in production; typically a software change or system administrator.
This is not an exhaustive presentation of the software development life cycle, but a list of critical development functions applicable to separation of duties.
To successfully implement separation of duties in information systems a number of concerns need to be addressed:
The process used to ensure a person's authorization rights in the system is in line with his role in the organization.
The authentication method used such as knowledge of a password, possession of an object (key, token) or a biometrical characteristic.
Circumvention of rights in the system can occur through database administration access, user administration access, tools which provide back-door access or supplier installed user accounts. Specific controls such as a review of an activity log may be required to address this specific concern.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ R. A. Botha and J. H. P. Eloff, Separation of Duties for Access Control Enforcement in Workflow Environments
Jump up ^ Kevin Coleman, Separation of Duties and IT Security
Jump up ^ ISACA, Segregation of Duties Control matrix
External links[edit]
Nick Szabo's essay on Separation of Duties
ISACA, Segregation/separation of duties definition
Datamation article dated Jan 18, 2006: Segregate Duties to Lessen Security Risks
Transparency, Partitioning, Separation, Rotation and Supervision of Responsibilities in ISM3
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Separation of powers
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INXS: Never Tear Us Apart
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart logo
Based on
INXS
Written by
Dave Warner
Justin Monjo
Directed by
Daina Reid
Starring
Damon Herriman
Luke Arnold
Andrew Ryan
Hugh Sheridan
Alex Williams
Ido Drent
Nick Masters
Theme music composer
Mark Opitz
Country of origin
Australia
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
2
Production
Producer(s)
Julie McGauran
Kerrie Mainwaring
Andrew Prowse
Cinematography
Bruce Young
Editor(s)
Rodrigo Balart
Running time
84 minutes
Production company(s)
Shine Australia
Release
Original network
Seven Network
Original release
000000002017-02-09-0000February 9 – 16 February 2014 (2014-02-16)
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart is a two-part Australian miniseries about the rock band INXS and was originally telecast on 9 February 2014, and concluded on 16 February 2014, produced by Shine Australia and airing on the Seven Network.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Impact on ARIA Charts
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart is based on the band's rise to stardom, and focuses on the events leading up to the death of its then-lead singer, Michael Hutchence, in November 1997.[3]
In the early 1980s in Perth, Western Australia, The Farriss Brothers are playing covers at a club with Michael Hutchence on vocals. They are eventually kicked out of the club and their current manager changes the band name to INXS after seeing an IXL commercial then seeing an X and an S then combined them. The cops start searching their house for drugs and find a half smoked roach. Other band members are Jon Farriss , Andrew Farriss, Garry Gary Beers, Kirk Pengilly, and Tim Farriss. They eventually sign on to a record label thanks to Chris Murphy who becomes their new manager. He eventually gets a U.S. tour for three months. Flashbacks show a younger Hutchence being bullied at school and joins the Farriss Brothers band as lead singer. Hutchence starts to date Michele Bennett. He breaks up with her then starts going out with Kylie Minogue.
Murphy advises them to write an album full of singles where he has Hutchence and Andrew writing the songs. They write the single Need You Tonight and they call the album Kick. Murphy sells the album without record label's consent. The album eventually becomes a hit. Hutchence breaks up with Minogue and begins dating supermodel Helena Christensen. While he and Christensen are out one night, he suffers a sucker punch to the face. He falls and hits his head making him lose his senses of smell and taste, as well as causing dark mood swings. Realising that they are not popular anymore, Murphy suggest that they either turn to Grunge music, but they say no. The band takes time off to spend time with their families, while Hutchence begins an affair with Paula Yates, who is married to Bob Geldof. The couple are followed around by the press so much that Hutchence punches a camera man. Paula and Bob go through a public and messy divorce, with Bob being awarded full custody of their three daughters.
Yates becomes pregnant and gives birth to their daughter Tiger Lily and they become a family. Murphy also resigns from INXS. The band and Hutchence get back together to make "Elegantly Wasted" and start touring again. After practice, in preparation for their 20th anniversary tour, Hutchence goes to his hotel room on November where he makes various calls, including checking up on the progress of a potential custody agreement between Bob and Paula, which would allow Paula to bring Tiger and her other daughters to Australia for Christmas. However Paula informs Michael that the custody hearing is being adjourned until 17 December and that consequently she would not be bringing their daughter (not wanting to separate Tiger from her sisters) out to Australia. Hutchence angrily phones Geldof, blaming him for the outcome of the hearing and ranting, "She's not your wife anymore!". He then falls into depression and calls Michele for help. The next day at practice, INXS turns on the TV only to see the news of Hutchence's suicide. Tim is especially devastated as he and Michael had an argument and never had the chance to make up. The movie ends with actual clips of the real INXS playing live.
Cast[edit]
Luke Arnold as Michael Hutchence
Toby Wallace as a young Michael.
Damon Herriman as Chris Murphy[1]
Andrew Ryan as Andrew Farriss[1]
Hugh Sheridan as Garry Gary Beers
Alex Williams as Kirk Pengilly[1]
Ido Drent as Jon Farriss
Nick Masters as Tim Farriss
Samantha Jade as Kylie Minogue[4]
Georgina Haig as Paula Yates[1]
Mallory Jansen as Helena Christensen
Ali Ryrie-Golding as Julie
Production[edit]
The Mini Series was executively produced by Chris Murphy and Tim Farriss (INXS Guitarist).[5]
Filming of the telemovie took place throughout the second half of 2013, with post-production taking place in October 2013. The telemovie is the only biopic to have the right to use the band's music.[3] The telemovie is being aired in two parts on Sunday evenings, and commenced 9 February 2014.[1]
Reception[edit]
The first part of the telemovie achieved a national ratings audience of 2.243 million, winning its timeslot.[6] The first part aired against a telemovie on Nine Network entitled Schapelle about Schapelle Corby, which attracted only 1.153 million viewers.[6]
The second part of the telemovie achieved a national ratings audience of 2.081 million, winning its timeslot.[7]
Episode
Air date
Viewers
(in millions)
Nightly
rank
Consolidated Viewers
(in millions)
Adjusted
rank
Source
"Part 1"
Sunday, 9 February 2014 1.974 #1 2.243 #1 [6][8]
"Part 2"
Sunday, 16 February 2014 1.767 #2 2.081 #1 [7][9]
Impact on ARIA Charts[edit]
The week following the airing, INXS' albums and singles had a resurgence on the Australian ARIA Charts.[10]
Albums
The Very Best – #1
Kick – #2
Live at Wembley Stadium 1991 – #17
The Swing – #25
Shabooh Shoobah – #33
Listen Like Thieves – #36
Singles
"Never Tear Us Apart" – #11
"Need You Tonight" – #28
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Category
Subject
Result
AACTA Awards
(4th) Best Telefeature, Mini Series or Short Run Series Julie McGauran Nominated
Kerrie Mainwaring Nominated
Andrew Prowse Nominated
Best Direction in Television Daina Reid Nominated
Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama Luke Arnold Nominated
Best Guest or Supporting Actor in a Television Drama Andy Ryan Nominated
Logie Awards[11]
(57th) Most Popular Drama Program INXS: Never Tear Us Apart Nominated
Most Popular Actor Luke Arnold Nominated
Most Popular New Talent Laura Brent Nominated
Samantha Jade Nominated
Most Outstanding Miniseries or Telemovie INXS: Never Tear Us Apart Nominated
Most Outstanding Actor Luke Arnold Won
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Byrnes, Holly (2 February 2014). "INXS Never Tear Us Apart on Channel 7 on February 9". Herald Sun. News Ltd. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (22 October 2013). "Seven's 2014 Upfronts". TV Tonight.
^ Jump up to: a b Channel 7 set for rock'n roll 2014 as INXS drama tops must-watch list, News.com.au, 22 October 2013
Jump up ^ Samantha Jade has that X Factor to play Kylie Minogue in Never Tear Us Apart: The Untold Story of INXS, The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, Australia), 5 July 2013
Jump up ^ "petrol". petrol. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Timeshifted: Sunday 9 February 2014". TV Tonight. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Timeshifted: Sunday 16 February 2014". TV Tonight. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2014/02/sunday-9-february-2014.html
Jump up ^ http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2014/02/sunday-16-february-2014.html
Jump up ^ "ARIA Top 50 Albums W/C 24 February 2014". ARIA. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Willis, Charlotte (22 March 2015). "Here's the full List of 2015 Logies nominations". news.com.au. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
External links[edit]
IMDB: Never Tear Us Apart: The Untold story of INXS
http://inxs.com/

[show]
v
t
e
INXS
Garry Gary Beers
Andrew Farriss
Jon Farriss
Tim Farriss
Michael Hutchence
Kirk Pengilly
Jon Stevens
J.D. Fortune
Ciaran Gribbin
Studio albums
INXS
Underneath the Colours
Shabooh Shoobah
The Swing
Listen Like Thieves
Kick
X
Welcome to Wherever You Are
Full Moon, Dirty Hearts
Elegantly Wasted
Switch
Original Sin
EPs
Dekadance
Bang the Drum
Compilations
INXSIVE
The Greatest Hits
Shine Like It Does: The Anthology (1979–1997)
Definitive INXS/The Best of INXS
The Years 1979–1997
Stay Young 1979–1982
INXS²: The Remixes
Original Sin – The Collection
Taste It: The Collection
The Very Best
Live albums
Live Baby Live
INXS: Live at Barker Hangar
Live Germany 1984
Live at Wembley Stadium 1991
Singles
"Simple Simon"
"Just Keep Walking"
"The Loved One"
"Stay Young"
"Underneath the Colours"
"Night of Rebellion"
"The One Thing"
"Don't Change"
"To Look at You"
"Black and White"
"Original Sin"
"I Send a Message"
"Burn for You"
"Dancing on the Jetty"
"This Time"
"What You Need"
"Kiss the Dirt (Falling Down the Mountain)"
"Listen Like Thieves"
"Good Times"
"Need You Tonight"
"Mediate"
"Devil Inside"
"New Sensation"
"Never Tear Us Apart"
"Mystify"
"Suicide Blonde"
"Disappear"
"By My Side"
"Bitter Tears"
"The Stairs"
"Shining Star"
"Heaven Sent"
"Baby Don't Cry"
"Not Enough Time"
"Taste It"
"Beautiful Girl"
"The Gift"
"Please (You Got That ...)"
"Time"
"Freedom Deep"
"The Strangest Party (These Are the Times)"
"Elegantly Wasted"
"Everything"
"Don't Lose Your Head"
"Searching"
"Precious Heart"
"I'm So Crazy"
"Tight"
"One of My Kind"
"I Get Up"
"Mystify" (Remix)
"Pretty Vegas"
"Afterglow"
"Devil's Party"
"Perfect Strangers"
"God's Top Ten"
"Dream on Black Girl (Original Sin)"
"Never Tear Us Apart" (featuring Ben Harper & Mylène Farmer)
"Mediate" (featuring Tricky)
Related articles
Australian Made
Discography
Dogs in Space
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart
Jimmy Barnes
Make My Video
Max Q
Michael Hutchence (album)
Rock Star: INXS
Terence Trent D'Arby
The Dead Daisies
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Samantha Jade
Discography
Studio albums
Samantha Jade
Nine
Singles
"Step Up"
"Turn Around"
"What You've Done to Me"
"Firestarter"
"Soldier"
"Up!"
"Sweet Talk"
"Shake That"
"Always"
"Hurt Anymore"
Related articles
The X Factor
season 4
season 4 finalists
Jive Records
Sony Music Australia
INXS: Never Tear Us Apart
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text:
Cricket bat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A modern SG cricket bat (back view)
A cricket bat is a specialised piece of equipment used by batsmen in the sport of cricket to hit the ball, typically consisting of a cane handle attached to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. The length of the bat may be no more than 38 inches (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 inches (108 mm). Its use is first mentioned in 1624. Since 1979, the rule change stipulated that bats can only be made from wood.
Contents
[hide]
1 Construction
1.1 Maintenance
2 Sizes of bats
3 Variations
3.1 Twenty20 bats
4 Manufacturing
4.1 Knocking-in
4.2 Oiling
5 Cricket bat industry of India
5.1 Kashmiri willow bats
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Construction[edit]
Shaving a cricket bat
The blade of a cricket bat is a wooden block that is generally flat on the striking face and with a ridge on the reverse (back) which concentrates wood in the middle where the ball is generally hit. The bat is traditionally made from willow wood, specifically from a variety of White Willow called Cricket Bat Willow (Salix alba var. caerulea), treated with raw (unboiled) linseed oil, which has a protective function. This variety of willow is used as it is very tough and shock-resistant, not being significantly dented nor splintering on the impact of a cricket ball at high speed, while also being light in weight. The face of the bat is often covered with a protective film by the user.
The blade is connected to a long cylindrical cane handle, similar to that of a mid-20th-century tennis racquet, by means of a splice. The handle is usually covered with a rubber grip. Bats incorporate a wooden spring design where the handle meets the blade. The current design of a cane handle spliced into a willow blade through a tapered splice was the invention in the 1880s of Charles Richardson, a pupil of Brunel and the first Chief Engineer of the Severn Railway Tunnel.[1][2] Spliced handles had been used before this but tended to break at the corner of the join. The taper provides a more gradual transfer of load from the bat's blade to the handle and avoids this problem.
The edges of the blade closest to the handle are known as the shoulders of the bat, and the bottom of the blade is known as the toe of the bat.
Bats were not always this shape. Before the 18th century bats tended to be shaped similarly to a modern hockey sticks. This may well have been a legacy of the game's reputed origins. Although the first forms of cricket are obscure, it may be that the game was first played using shepherd's crooks.
Evolution of the cricket bat
The bat generally recognised as the oldest bat still in existence is dated 1729 and is on display in the Sandham Room at The Oval in London.[citation needed]
Maintenance[edit]
When first purchased, most bats are not ready for immediate use and require knocking-in to allow the soft fibres to strike a hard new cricket ball without causing damage to the bat, and allowing full power to be transferred to the shot. Knocking-in involves striking the surface with an old cricket ball or a special mallet. This compacts the soft fibres within the bat and reduces the risk of the bat snapping. The bat may also need raw linseed oil, which fills in the gaps between the fibres.[3]
Sizes of bats[edit]
Law 6 of the Laws of Cricket,[4] as the rules of the game are known, state that the length of the bat may be no more than 38 in (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 in (108 mm). Bats typically weigh from 2 lb 7 oz to 3 lb (1.2 to 1.4 kg) though there is no standard. Appendix E of the Laws of Cricket set out more precise specifications.[5] This rule was introduced following the Monster Bat Incident of 1771.
Bats are available in a range of sizes, with some manufacturers offering unique variations. Commonly found are children's sizes 0 to 6, youth size Harrow and adult sizes. SH (Short Handle) is the most common adult size, whilst long handle and long blade options are also available. Children's sizes increase in length and width as the size increase. Although most adult bats will be the maximum width permitted (4.25 inches), no generally available cricket bat is the maximum length of 38 inches, indeed very few exceed 35 inches.
Variations[edit]
The oldest surviving bat dates from 1729. Note its shape, which is very different from modern-day bats.
Modern cricket bat in play
Various companies have over the years tried new shapes that come within the laws of the game to make a name for themselves and to improve sales. In the 1960s the first shoulderless bats appeared from Slazenger. This allowed more of the weight to be redistributed to the "sweet spot" of the blade providing more power to each stroke, whilst still having good balance and light "pick up." This style of bat was made famous by Lance Cairns's six sixes in a match played in 1983.
The 1970s saw double-sided bats from Warsop Stebbing. With the advent of Twenty-Twenty cricket, double-sided bats are experiencing renewed interest.[citation needed]
In 1974 the first GN100 Scoop was released; this was the first bat to turn shaping on its head by removing the wood from the centre of the rear of the bat. By removing this wood, the bat became lighter, its sweet spot grew and its pick up improved. Even though there is less material, strong strokes are still possible if well-timed. It allows weaker players to play many strokes they would otherwise omit from their repertoire.[citation needed]
This bat quickly became a big seller and various scooped bats such as the GN500, Dynadrive and Viper have been released by Gray Nicolls ever since, including a re-release of the Scoop itself for the 2012 English season. The removal of wood from the rear has been copied by many other companies without much critical acclaim.
In 1979 Australian cricketer Dennis Lillee briefly used a ComBat aluminium metal bat. After some discussion with the umpires, and after complaints by the English team that it was damaging the ball, which was later proved untrue, he was urged by the Australian captain Greg Chappell to revert to a wooden bat.[6] The rules of cricket were shortly thereafter amended, stating that the blade of a bat must be made entirely of wood.[4]
In 2005 Kookaburra released a new type of bat that had a Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer support down the spine of the bat. It was put on the bat to provide more support to the spine and blade of the bat, thus prolonging the life of the bat. The first player to use this new bat in international cricket was Australian Ricky Ponting. However this innovation in cricketing technology was controversially banned by the ICC[7] as they were advised by the MCC that it unfairly gave more power in the shot and was unfair in competition, as not all players had access to this new technology. But this was not taken lightly by Australian media as Ponting had scored plenty of runs since he started to use his new bat and English reporters had blamed this success on the new, 'unfair' piece of technology in his bat.[citation needed]
In 2005 Newbery created a carbon fibre handle, the C6 and C6+, which weighed 3 ounces/85 grams less than a standard laminated cane and rubber handle. It was used by Newbery and Puma for 3 years before the concept was copied by Gray Nicolls with a hollow plastic tube. However, this provoked the MCC to change the law on materials in handles amid fears that the new technology would lead to an increase in the distance the ball was hit. Now only 10% of the volume of the handle can be other than cane.
In 2008 Gray-Nicolls launched a bat with a second face on the base of the back of the bat. It was purely a marketing move as no paid players used the bat in competition.[8] In 2011 they also produced a bat with an offset handle position known as The Edge in what was also purely a marketing move.
Also in late 2008, SAFBats created a cricket bat with an offset edge, the edge offsetting allowed for an extended middle, better swing weight and increased performance without compromising the cricket bat's balance.[9] The production models were available in 2009, and the bat won awards in 2010 and 2012.[10]
Twenty20 bats[edit]
In 2004 Newbery created the Uzi, with a truncated blade and elongated handle for the new Twenty20 format of the game. This change allowed more wood to be placed in the middle, as more attacking shots are played in the shorter version of the game.
In 2009 an extreme version of the Newbery Uzi shape named the MMi3 was launched by Mongoose.[11] The design is unusual in that the blade is 33% shorter than a conventional bat and the handle is 43% longer.[12] Launched with a fanfare of publicity it proclaimed the idea of not defending the ball in the T20 format and purely playing attacking shots.
On 11 March 2010, Mongoose launched its range in India with the announcement of Matthew Hayden as the brand ambassador.[13] Stuart Law, the former Australian Test player, called it "a half-brick on a stick".[14] The bat was used by Anuraag in the 2010 version of the IPL. Gareth Andrew, the Worcestershire all-rounder, scored the maiden 100 with an MMi3 in professional cricket, when he hit 100 off 58 balls at the Oval in 2010 against Surrey.
In 2008 Lekka Cricket launched a T20 format bat, the Big Hitter. Black Cat Cricket then launched a T20 format bat, the Joker, in 2009. These worked on a similar principle to other T20 bats with the blade length reduced by one inch and an inch longer handle, but uniquely reduced the width of the bat to 4 inches in an adult bat.
Manufacturing[edit]
Modern bats are usually hand made in India or Pakistan due to the low cost of labour. However a few specialists in England, Australia, and New Zealand still make bats, mostly with use of a CNC lathe.[citation needed]
Knocking-in[edit]
Before first being played, a bat should be "knocked in". Knocking a bat in compresses the surface wood fibres and allows it to be ready for use, as most brand-new bats will crack or badly dent if used in competition without being knocked-in. This is usually done after purchase, although some are sold ready-knocked.
The process begins with the application of a layer of linseed oil to the surface of the bat, after which a worn-down 'soft' leather cricket ball or a specialised mallet may be used to repeatedly hit the face of the bat. After three to four hours of knocking in, another layer of linseed oil may be applied. At this stage, the bat may be used in light practice but should not be used in competition without another few hours of knocking-in. The splice of the bat should not be knocked as this will cause the bat to "jar". After being properly knocked in, the wood will make a slightly higher-pitched sound when hitting the ball and will feel softer to use.
During the knocking-in process, a fingernail is pressed into the front face of the bat to check if the bat is properly knocked in. If an indentation is left on the bat during this process, it shows that the wood is still not fully compressed, and should be knocked in for longer.
Many large sports stores and specialised cricket stores use special machines to knock in the bats for customers. Some manufacturers will roll the bats through a special press to compress the wood, however many bat manufacturers choose not to do this as the spring may be rolled as well, causing jarring. Many bats that claim to be pre-knocked-in by the manufacturer should be manually knocked in anyway as this claim is not a guarantee that the bat is ready to be used in competition.
Oiling[edit]
A traditional wooden bat has its surface oiled with raw linseed oil before play, and regularly during the season. This has a protective effect on the wood, and also makes it less sensitive to humidity changes in the atmosphere, which could cause warping or splitting. Another important factor is that it increases the surface friction of the ball to bat surface, giving better control of the shot. A worn surface can be noticed by the player, indicating that re-oiling is needed.[15] Raw linseed oil is used, rather than boiled linseed oil, as this is not a drying oil to the same degree, and so the surface remains tacky.
Some bats are plastic-coated or other otherwise sealed on the surface and either cannot be oiled, or do not require oiling until this coating begins to wear off.
Cricket bat industry of India[edit]
Traditional Indian cricket bats are made in India, in the regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.[citation needed] In Kashmir it is made out of willow found in northern India, whereas trees like teak and saal wood are used in making these bats in north-western region of country. Some bats made in Kashmir are of international standards and are/were used by many national players in India such as Sunil Gavaskar, Virender Sehwag and Yuvraj Singh. Bats made in other regions are generally of lower quality, and mainly used in non-professional cricket games, such as tennis ball cricket, which are played in streets and neighbourhoods across India.
Kashmiri willow bats[edit]
The willow used in making these bats was brought in by the British, who ruled India, during the 1820s.[16] The industry, established in Kashmir, combines traditional tools with modern technology.
Kashmiri bats require constant knocking and oiling to make the bat good enough to use in a cricket match. Knocking makes the fibres of the willow blade compress together, which helps the bat bear the impact of the ball. Constant knocking for six hours is required so that the edges of the bat are well shaped.[citation needed] Another major aspect of taking care of such bats is oiling. Oil is applied on the back, toe, front and edges of the bat to make it more durable and to ensure the fibres get knitted properly.[citation needed] Some of the districts where these bats are made in Kashmir are Anantnag, Baramula, and Pahalgam.
See also[edit]
Cricket portal
Cricket clothing and equipment
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Severn Tunnel (1)". Track Topics, A GWR Book of Railway Engineering. Great Western Railway. 1971 [1935]. p. 179.
Jump up ^ Jones, Stephen K. (2009). Brunel in South Wales. III: Links with Leviathans. Stroud: The History Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780752449128.
Jump up ^ "Cricket equipment: Caring for your kit". BBC Sport. 26 August 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Lords.org – Marylebone Cricket Club (1 October 2008). "Law 6: Bats". Lords.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
Jump up ^ Lords.org – Marylebone Cricket Club. "Laws of Cricket Appendix E – The bat". Lords.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
Jump up ^ Brett, Oliver (11 April 2005). "Bat maker defends graphite innovation". BBC Sport. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "ICC and Kookaburra Agree to Withdrawal of Carbon Bat". NetComposites. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Twenty20's latest swipe: a bat out of hell". Sydney Morning Herald. 13 November 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Handmade Cricket Bats – Handcrafted from English willow by SAFBats". Batscricket.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Handmade Cricket Bats – Handcrafted from English willow by SAFBats". Safbats.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cricket gets to grip with a new bat". BBC News. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Bull, Andy (27 May 2009). "Mongoose mayhem beastly for bowlers". London: guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hayden launches Mongoose bat". Zee News. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Taking the long handle: could this bat really revolutionise cricket?". smh.com.au. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "Caring for your Bat". Gunn & Moore.
Jump up ^ "Cricket Bats". Sgcricket.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
External links[edit]
"This Is Cricket", a short film of the mid-1940s including detail of the making of cricket bats (from 5.15) on YouTube
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