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Render unto Caesar
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This article is about the phrase by Jesus. For the 2014 film, see Render to Caesar.
The Tribute Money by Titian depicts Jesus being shown the tribute penny.
"Render unto Caesar" is the beginning of a phrase attributed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels, which reads in full, "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's" (Ἀπόδοτε οὖν τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ).[Matthew 22:21]
This phrase has become a widely quoted summary of the relationship between Christianity, secular government, and society. The original message, coming in response to a question of whether it was lawful for Jews to pay taxes to Caesar, gives rise to multiple possible interpretations about the circumstances under which it is desirable for the Christian to submit to earthly authority.
Contents
[hide]
1 Narrative
2 Historical context
2.1 The coin
2.2 Tax resistance in Judaea
3 Interpretations
3.1 Foreshadowing
3.2 Separation of church and state
3.3 Theonomic answer
3.4 Justification for following laws
3.5 Respecting obligations when enjoying advantages
3.6 Tax resistance
4 American Quaker war tax resisters
5 Christian anarchist tax resisters
6 Versions
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Narrative[edit]
All three synoptic gospels state that hostile questioners tried to trap Jesus into taking an explicit and dangerous stand on whether Jews should or should not pay taxes to the Roman authorities. The accounts in Matthew 22:15–22 and Mark 12:13–17 say that the questioners were Pharisees and Herodians, while Luke 20:20–26 says only that they were "spies" sent by "teachers of the law and the chief priests".
Caesar's Coin, by Peter Paul Rubens
They anticipated that Jesus would oppose the tax, as their purpose was "to hand him over to the power and authority of the governor".[Luke 20:20] The governor was Pilate, and he was the man responsible for the collecting of taxes in Roman Judea. At first the questioners flattered Jesus by praising his integrity, impartiality, and devotion to truth. Then they asked him whether or not it is right for Jews to pay the taxes demanded by Caesar. In the Gospel of Mark[12:15] the additional, provocative question is asked, "Should we pay or shouldn't we?"
Jesus first called them hypocrites, and then asked one of them to produce a Roman coin that would be suitable for paying Caesar's tax. One of them showed him a Roman coin, and he asked them whose head and inscription were on it. They answered, "Caesar's," and he responded: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's".
The questioners were impressed. Matthew 22:22 states that they "marveled" (ἐθαύμασαν) and being satisfied with the answer, they went away.
Historical context[edit]
The coin[edit]
Main article: Tribute penny
A denarius featuring Tiberius. The inscription on the obverse reads Ti[berivs] Caesar Divi Avg[vsti] F[ilivs] Avgvstvs ("Caesar Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus"), and the reverse reads Pontif[ex] Maxim[us] ("Highest Priest").
The text identifies the coin as a δηνάριον dēnarion,[1] and it is usually thought that the coin was a Roman denarius with the head of Tiberius. The coin is also called the "tribute penny." The inscription reads "Ti[berivs] Caesar Divi Avg[vsti] F[ilivs] Avgvstvs" ("Caesar Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus"). The reverse shows a seated female, usually identified as Livia depicted as Pax.[2]
However, it has been suggested that denarii were not in common circulation in Judaea during Jesus' lifetime and that the coin may have instead been an Antiochan tetradrachm bearing the head of Tiberius, with Augustus on the reverse.[3] Another suggestion often made is the denarius of Augustus with Caius and Lucius on the reverse, while coins of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Germanicus are all considered possibilities.[4] Whichever Roman coin it was, the fact that Jesus's interrogators had an idolatrous coin with its "graven image" [5] of whomever, and in the Temple precincts [6] no less, immediately convicted them of blasphemy and put Jesus at a rhetorical advantage.[original research?]
A similar episode occurs in the Gospel of Thomas (verse 100), but there the coin in question is gold.
Tax resistance in Judaea[edit]
Main articles: Tax resistance and Zealotry
The taxes imposed on Judaea by Rome had led to riots.[7] New Testament scholar Willard Swartley writes:
The tax denoted in the text was a specific tax… It was a poll tax, a tax instituted in A.D. 6. A census taken at that time (cf. Lk. 2:2) to determine the resources of the Jews provoked the wrath of the country. Judas of Galilee led a revolt (Acts 5:37), which was suppressed only with some difficulty. Many scholars date the origin of the Zealot party and movement to this incident.[8]
The Jewish Encyclopedia says of the Zealots:
When, in the year 5, Judas of Gamala in Galilee started his organized opposition to Rome, he was joined by one of the leaders of the Pharisees, R. Zadok, a disciple of Shammai and one of the fiery patriots and popular heroes who lived to witness the tragic end of Jerusalem… The taking of the census by Quirinus, the Roman procurator, for the purpose of taxation was regarded as a sign of Roman enslavement; and the Zealots' call for stubborn resistance to the oppressor was responded to enthusiastically.
At his trial before Pontius Pilate, Jesus was accused of promoting resistance to Caesar's tax.
Then the whole company of them arose and brought him before Pilate. 2 And they began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man misleading our nation and forbidding us to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, a king.” (Luke 23:1–4)
Interpretations[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Malczewski Jacek, Render unto Caesar
The passage has been much discussed in the modern context of Christianity and politics, especially on the questions of separation of church and state and tax resistance.
Foreshadowing[edit]
When Jesus later allowed himself to be crucified, although he was divine, he was in a sense rendering unto Caesar the body that belonged to Caesar's (human, earthly) realm, while devoting his soul to God. Augustine of Hippo suggested this interpretation in his Confessions, where he writes
He himself, the only-begotten, was created to be wisdom and justice and holiness for us, and he was counted among us, and he paid the reckoning, the tribute to Caesar.[9]
Separation of church and state[edit]
Main article: Separation of church and state
Jesus responds to Pontius Pilate about the nature of his kingdom: "My kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would have been fighting, that I might not be delivered over to the Jews. But now (or 'as it is') my kingdom is not from the world" (John 18:36); i.e., his religious teachings were separate from earthly political activity. This reflects a traditional division in Christian thought by which state and church have separate spheres of influence.[10] This can be interpreted either a Catholic, or Thomist, way (Gelasian doctrine) or a Protestant, or Lockean, way (separation of church and state)).
Joachim Wtewael – The Tribute Money
Tertullian, in De Idololatria, interprets Jesus as saying to render "the image of Caesar, which is on the coin, to Caesar, and the image of God, which is on man, to God; so as to render to Caesar indeed money, to God yourself. Otherwise, what will be God's, if all things are Caesar's?"[11]
Theonomic answer[edit]
H. B. Clark writes, "It is a doctrine of both Mosaic and Christian law that governments are divinely ordained and derive their powers from God. In the Old Testament it is asserted that "Power belongs unto God," (Ps 62:11) that God "removes kings and sets up kings," (Dan 2:21) and that "The Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever He will" (Dan 4:32). Similarly, in the New Testament, it is stated that "...there is no power but of God, the powers that be are ordained of God" (Rom 13:1).[12]
R. J. Rushdoony expands, "In early America, there was no question, whatever the form of civil government, that all legitimate authority is derived from God... Under a biblical doctrine of authority, because "the powers that be are ordained of God (Rom 13:1), all authority, whether in the home, school, state, church, or any other sphere, is subordinate authority and is under God and subject to His word." This means, first, that all obedience is subject to the prior obedience to God and his Word, for "We ought to obey God rather than men" (Acts 5:29; 4:19). Although civil obedience is commanded, it is equally apparent that the prior requirement of obedience to God must prevail."[13]
Justification for following laws[edit]
See also: Justification for the state and Christianity and politics
Some read the phrase "Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's" as unambiguous at least to the extent that it commands people to respect state authority and to pay the taxes it demands of them. Paul the Apostle also states in Romans 13 that Christians are obliged to obey all earthly authorities, stating that as they were introduced by God, disobedience to them equates to disobedience to God.
In this interpretation, Jesus asked his interrogators to produce a coin in order to demonstrate to them that by using his coinage they had already admitted the de facto rule of the emperor, and that therefore they should submit to that rule.[14]
For example, one Mennonite explained why he was not a war tax resister this way:
We are against war and do not wish to aid the war effort by conscription or by paying war taxes to the government. Doing so only helps to strengthen and perpetuate the war machine. Matthew 22:21 Jesus said "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's; and to God the things that are God's." Romans 13:1 "Let every person be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God and those which exist are established by God." If the law of the land is that everyone must pay war taxes then that is what we must do. It is the law! We should however, work and pray extremely hard to change the law. The ideal situation would be to have the law abolished. The alternative would be to have a choice of designating our portion of the war tax towards efforts of peacemaking. This route would be a more lawful, constructive, and positive effort.[15]
Respecting obligations when enjoying advantages[edit]
Some see the parable as being Jesus' message to people that if they enjoy the advantages of a state such as Caesar's, as distinct from God's authority (for instance, by using its legal tender), they can't subsequently choose to ignore the laws of such a state. Henry David Thoreau writes in Civil Disobedience:
Christ answered the Herodians according to their condition. "Show me the tribute-money," said he; – and one took a penny out of his pocket; – If you use money which has the image of Caesar on it, and which he has made current and valuable, that is, if you are men of the State, and gladly enjoy the advantages of Caesar's government, then pay him back some of his own when he demands it; "Render therefore to Caesar that which is Caesar's and to God those things which are God's" – leaving them no wiser than before as to which was which; for they did not wish to know.
Mennonite Dale Glass-Hess wrote:
It is inconceivable to me that Jesus would teach that some spheres of human activity lie outside the authority of God. Are we to heed Caesar when he says to go to war or support war-making when Jesus says in other places that we shall not kill? No! My perception of this incident is that Jesus does not answer the question about the morality of paying taxes to Caesar, but that he throws it back on the people to decide. When the Jews produce a denarius at Jesus' request, they demonstrate that they are already doing business with Caesar on Caesar's terms. I read Jesus' statement, "Give to Caesar…" as meaning "Have you incurred a debt in regard to Caesar! Then you better pay it off." The Jews had already compromised themselves. Likewise for us: we may refuse to serve Caesar as soldiers and even try to resist paying for Caesar's army. But the fact is that by our lifestyles we've run up a debt with Caesar, who has felt constrained to defend the interests that support our lifestyles. Now he wants paid back, and it's a little late to say that we don't owe anything. We've already compromised ourselves. If we're going to play Caesar's games, then we should expect to have to pay for the pleasure of their enjoyment. But if we are determined to avoid those games, then we should be able to avoid paying for them.[16]
Mohandas K. Gandhi shared this perspective. He wrote:
Jesus evaded the direct question put to him because it was a trap. He was in no way bound to answer it. He therefore asked to see the coin for taxes. And then said with withering scorn, "How can you who traffic in Caesar's coins and thus receive what to you are benefits of Caesar's rule refuse to pay taxes?" Jesus' whole preaching and practice point unmistakably to noncooperation, which necessarily includes nonpayment of taxes.[17][18][19]
Tax resistance[edit]
Mennonite pastor John K. Stoner spoke for those who interpret the parable as permitting or even encouraging tax resistance: "We are war tax resisters because we have discovered some doubt as to what belongs to Caesar and what belongs to God, and have decided to give the benefit of the doubt to God."[20]
American Quaker war tax resisters[edit]
Main articles: Tax resistance and Society of Friends
As American Quaker war tax resistance developed during the 17th through 19th centuries, the resisters had to find a way to reconcile their tax resistance with the "Render unto Caesar" verse and other verses from the New Testament that encourage submission to the government. Here are a few examples:
Around 1715, a pseudonymous author, "Philalethes," published a pamphlet entitled Tribute to Cæsar, How paid by the Best Christians... in which he argued that while Christians must pay "general" taxes, a tax that is explicitly for war purposes is the equivalent to an offering on an altar to a pagan god, and this is forbidden.[21]
In 1761, Joshua Evans put it this way:
Others would term it stubbornness in me, or contrary to the doctrine of Christ, concerning rendering to Caesar his due. But as I endeavored to keep my mind in a state of humble quietude, I was favored to see through such groundless arguments; there being nothing on the subject of war, or favorable to it, to be found in that text. Although I have been willing to pay my money for the use of civil government, when legally called for; yet have I felt restrained by a conscientious motive, from paying towards the expense of killing men, women and children, or laying towns and countries waste.[22]
In 1780, Sameul Allinson circulated a letter on the subject of tax resistance, in which he insisted that what was due to Caesar was only what Caesar would not use for antichristian purposes:
…the question put to our Savior on the point was with evil intention to ensnare and render him culpable to one of the great parties or sects then existing, who differed about the payment of taxes, his answer, though conclusive, was so wisely framed that it left them still in doubt, what things belonged to Cæsar and what to God, thus he avoided giving either of them offence which he must inevitably have done by a determination that tribute indefinitely was due to Cæsar. Our first and principle obedience is due to the Almighty, even in contradiction to man, "We ought to obey God rather than men" (Acts 5:29). Hence, if tribute is demanded for a use that is antichristian, it seems right for every Christian to deny it, for Cæsar can have no title to that which opposes the Lord's command.[23]
In 1862, Joshua Maule wrote that he felt that the "Render unto Caesar" instruction was compatible with war tax resistance, as there was no reason to believe for certain that the tax referred to in that episode had any connection to war:
The words of Christ, "Render to Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's, and to God the things that are God's," have often been brought forward as evidence that He approved of paying all taxes; it being said, in connection, that Cæsar was then engaged in war. The distinction, however, is sufficiently clear: the things that were Cæsar's were, doubtless, those which appertain to the civil government; the things which belong to God are, surely, a clear and full obedience to His commands and to His laws. We know that all the precepts and commands of Christ which can be applied in reference to this subject are of one tendency, enjoining "peace on earth and good-will to men." We do not know, after all, however, what was the exact nature and use of the tribute collected in those days, nor what were the situation and circumstances in which Christians or others were then placed in regard to such things.[24]
Christian anarchist tax resisters[edit]
The Tribute Money by Gustave Dore
Main article: Christian anarchism
The less you have of Caesar's, the less you have to render to Caesar.
Dorothy Day, The Catholic Worker
Christian anarchists do not interpret Matthew 22:21 as advocating support for taxes but as further advice to free oneself from material attachment. Jacques Ellul believes the passage shows that Caesar may have rights over the fiat money he produces, but not things that are made by God, as he explains:[25]
"Render unto Caesar..." in no way divides the exercise of authority into two realms....They were said in response to another matter: the payment of taxes, and the coin. The mark on the coin is that of Caesar; it is the mark of his property. Therefore give Caesar this money; it is his. It is not a question of legitimizing taxes! It means that Caesar, having created money, is its master. That's all. Let us not forget that money, for Jesus, is the domain of Mammon, a satanic domain!
Ammon Hennacy interpreted Matthew 22:21 slightly differently. He was on trial for civil disobedience and was asked by the judge to reconcile his tax resistance with Jesus' instructions. "I told him Caesar was getting too much around here and some one had to stand up for God." Elsewhere, he interpreted the story in this way:
[Jesus] was asked if He believed in paying taxes to Caesar. In those days different districts had different money and the Jews had to change their money into that of Rome, so Jesus asked, not for a Jewish coin, but for a coin with which tribute was paid, saying "Why tempt me?" Looking at the coin He asked whose image and superscription was there inscribed and was told that it was Caesar's. Those who tried to trick Him knew that if He said that taxes were to be paid to Caesar He would be attacked by the mobs who hated Caesar, and if He refused to pay taxes there would always be some traitor to turn Him in. His mission was not to fight Caesar as Barabbas had done, but it was to chase the moneychangers out of the Temple and to establish His own Church. Whether He winked as much as to say that any good Jew knew that Caesar did not deserve a thing as He said, "Render unto Caesar what is Caesar's and unto God what is God's," or not, no one knows.
…Despite what anyone says each of us has to decide for himself whether to put the emphasis upon pleasing Caesar or pleasing God. We may vary in our reasons for drawing the line here or there as to how much we render unto Caesar. I make my decision when I remember that Christ said to the woman caught in sin, "Let him without sin first cast a stone at her." I remember His "Forgive seventy times seven," which means no Caesar at all with his courts, prisons and war.[26]
Versions[edit]
King James Version of the Bible: Matthew 22:15–22 Mark 12:13–17 Luke 20:20–26
New International Version: Matthew 22:15–22 Mark 12:13–17 Luke 20:20–26
The extracanonical Gospel of Thomas also has a version, which reads in the Stephen Patterson and Marvin Meyer Version 100:[27]
They showed Jesus a gold coin and said to him, "The Roman emperor's people demand taxes from us." He said to them, "Give the emperor what belongs to the emperor, give God what belongs to God, and give me what is mine."
The fragmentary Egerton Gospel in the Scholar's Version translation (found in The Complete Gospels) 3:1–6 reads:[28]
They come to him and interrogate him as a way of putting him to the test. They ask, "Teacher, Jesus, we know that you are [from God], since the things you do put you above all the prophets. Tell us, then, is it permissible to pay to rulers what is due them? Should we pay them or not?" Jesus knew what they were up to, and became indignant. Then he said to them, "Why do you pay me lip service as a teacher, but not [do] what I say? How accurately Isaiah prophesied about you when he said, 'This people honors me with their lips, but their heart stays far away from me; their worship of me is empty, [because they insist on teachings that are human] commandments […]'"
See also[edit]
Christianity and politics
Coin in the fish's mouth
Doctrine of the two kingdoms
Fiscus Judaicus
Parables of Jesus
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Thayer's Lexicon: δηνάριον
Jump up ^ "Tiberius, Tribute Penny". Retrieved 7 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Peter E.; Bolden, Ron (2002). The Pocket Guide to Saint Paul: Coins Encountered by the Apostle on his Travels. Wakefield Press. p. 19. ISBN 1-86254-562-6.
Jump up ^ Michael E. Marotta (2001). "Six Caesars Of The Tribute Penny". Retrieved 7 Sep 2011.
Jump up ^ Exodus 20:4, Leviticus 20:1
Jump up ^ Luke 20:1
Jump up ^ Marshall, I.H. Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text p. 735; Gross, David (ed.) We Won't Pay!: A Tax Resistance Reader ISBN 1-4348-9825-3 pp. 1–7
Jump up ^ Swartley, Willard M. The Christian and the Payment of Taxes Used For War 1980 [1]
Jump up ^ Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, book 5, chapter 5 (Sarah Ruden translation)
Jump up ^ Spivey, Jim (Summer 1994). "Separation No Myth". Southwestern Journal of Theology. 36 (5). Retrieved 18 February 2017.
Jump up ^ from The Writings of Tertullian. vol. I, ed. by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson (Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark, 1869) p. 164. [2]
Jump up ^ Clark, H. B. (1944). Biblical Law. Portland, Oregon: Binfords & Mort. p. 51.
Jump up ^ Rushdoony, R. J. (1973). The Institutes of Biblical Law. The Craig Press. p. 214.
Jump up ^ Brown, John The law of Christ respecting civil obedience, especially in the payment of tribute (London: William Ball, 1839) 3rd. ed, p. 183 "It is as if our Lord had said, 'The common circulation of Caesar′s coin among you, shows that you stand in a certain relation to him as your ruler. Perform all the duties which are due to him in that relation'"
Jump up ^ Sawatzky, Anne, quoted in Peachey, Titus Silence and Courage: Income Taxes, War and Mennonites 1940–1993 MCC Occasional Paper #18, August 1993, p. 34
Jump up ^ in Peachey, Titus Silence and Courage: Income Taxes, War and Mennonites 1940–1993 MCC Occasional Paper #18, August 1993, p. 29
Jump up ^ Gandhi, Mahatma (March 27, 1930), "'Render Unto Caesar'", Young India, archived from the original on September 25, 2012
Jump up ^ The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (PDF). 48. 1998 [1930]. p. 483.
Jump up ^ Gross, David M. (Apr 2, 2008). We Won't Pay!: A Tax Resistance Reader. CreateSpace. p. 373. ISBN 1434898253.
Jump up ^ Taxpayers Who Fail to File Federal Income Tax Returns: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, October 26, 1993. United States Government Printing Office. 1994. p. 154. ISBN 0160440769. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Philalethes (pseud.) "Tribute to Cæsar, How paid by the Best Christians, And to what Purpose; With Some Remarks on the late vigorous Expedition against Canada. Of Civil Government, How Inconsistent it is with the Government of Christ in his Church. Compared with the Ancient Just and Righteous Principles of the Quakers, and their Modern Practice and Doctrine. With some Notes upon the Discipline of their Church in this Province, especially at Philadelphia" (1715?) as found in Gross, David M. (ed.) American Quaker War Tax Resistance (2008) ISBN 978-1-4382-6015-0 pp. 23–42
Jump up ^ Evans, Joshua "A Drop in the Ocean" as found in Gross, David M. (ed.) American Quaker War Tax Resistance (2008) ISBN 978-1-4382-6015-0 pp. 90–91
Jump up ^ Allinson, Samuel "Reasons against War, and paying Taxes for its support" (1780) as found in Gross, David M. (ed.) American Quaker War Tax Resistance (2008) ISBN 978-1-4382-6015-0 pp. 154–71
Jump up ^ Maule, Joshua "He Could Not Have the Money for That Purpose" (~1862) as found in Gross, David M. (ed.) American Quaker War Tax Resistance (2008) ISBN 978-1-4382-6015-0 pp. 369–78
Jump up ^ "Ellul, Jacques ''Anarchism and Christianity'' p.20" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-05-07.
Jump up ^ Hennacy, Ammon The Book of Ammon (5th printing, Feb. 1970), p. 393–94
Jump up ^ "The Gospel of Thomas. Translated by Stephen Patterson and Marvin Meyer".
Jump up ^ The Complete Gospels, Robert J. Miller ed., Polebridge Press, 1992, ISBN 0944344305, pp. 409–10
External links[edit]
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (October 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Render unto Caesar.
Look up render unto Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Who Would Jesus Tax? Data mining the Bible for Jesus & Taxes, Tribute, Money
What belongs to God? by Marcus Borg, Beliefnet
Render Unto Caesar: The Place of Politics in Modern Christianity — a conservative American Christian viewpoint
How Politicians and Messiahs Avoid Giving Straight Answers — A tax resister's point-of-view
Render to All What Is Due Them: What Every Christian Needs to Know about Honoring Civil Authority and Paying Taxes, Part 2 by David G. Hagopian — advancing the argument that Jesus commanded people to pay taxes to their de facto rulers
Jesus of Nazareth, Illegal-Tax Protester by Ned Netterville and others - A comprehensive analysis of everything Jesus said or did relative to taxes and tax collectors as recorded in the canon and non-canon gospels.
Michael Cromartie (ed.), Caesar's Coin Revisited: Christians and the Limits of Government, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans (1996).
Render Unto Caesar by R.J. Rushdoony — Christian Reconstructionist perspective.
What we owe to God is a blank check by Mary M. McGlone National Catholic Reporter 21 October 2017
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Falcons–Saints rivalry
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Atlanta Falcons–New Orleans Saints
Atlanta Falcons
New Orleans Saints
First meeting
November 20, 1967
New Orleans 27, Atlanta 24
Latest meeting
December 24, 2017
New Orleans 23, Atlanta 13
Next meeting
TBA
Statistics
Meetings total
98 meetings
All-time series
Atlanta 52–46
Postseason results
Atlanta: 1–0
December 28, 1991, Wild Card, Atlanta 27–20
Largest victory
Atlanta: 62–7 (1973)
New Orleans: 38–0 (1987)
Longest win streak
Atlanta: 10 (1995–1999)
New Orleans: 6 (1986–1989)
Current win streak
New Orleans: 1
Championship success
Super Bowl championships (1)
New Orleans (1) – 2009
Atlanta (0)
Conference championships (3)
Atlanta (2) – 1998, 2016
New Orleans (1) – 2009
Division championships (12)
Atlanta (6) – 1980, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2012, 2016
New Orleans (6) – 1991, 2000, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2017
The Falcons–Saints rivalry is a divisional rivalry in the NFC South of the National Football League (NFL) between the Atlanta Falcons and New Orleans Saints. The series is by far the oldest and most established rivalry in the division.[citation needed] Founded one year apart, the Saints and Falcons were the first two NFL franchises in the Deep South (Washington, Dallas, and Miami being arguably southern but not in the "traditional" Deep South). They have shared some important players, such as kicker Morten Andersen (the leading scorer in New Orleans history), Bobby Hebert (who quarterbacked for both teams in the 1990s), and Joe Horn (the Pro Bowl Saints receiver who left for the Falcons in 2007). They have also drawn coaches from the same families, and even shared a head coach: recent Falcons coach Jim L. Mora is the son of longtime Saints coach Jim E. Mora, and former Falcons and Saints coach Wade Phillips is the son of former Saints coach Bum Phillips.
The series was rarely noted by the national media during the teams' first decades of existence, probably due to both teams' long stretches of futility. However, the September 25, 2006 match-up, which served as the Louisiana Superdome's official reopening after Hurricane Katrina, was considered a major milestone in New Orleans' and the Gulf Coast's recovery from the effects of the storm as well as the Saints' return to the city after their own year-long exile after the storm; the Saints later erected a statue outside the Superdome to commemorate their win in that game.
Games between the Falcons and Saints have riveted their respective regions for more than 40 years; fans of both teams consider the other their most important and hated opponent. ESPN.com writer Len Pasquarelli has cited the rivalry as one of the best in sports: "Every year, bus caravans loaded with rowdy (and usually very inebriated) fans make the seven-hour trip between the two cities. Unless you've attended a Falcons-Saints debauchery-filled afternoon, you'll just have to take my word for how much fun it really can be."[1]
Atlanta currently leads the all-time series 51-46 (50-46 regular season, 1-0 playoffs). Each team has appeared in the Super Bowl at least once, the Saints winning Super Bowl XLIV while the Falcons lost in Super Bowls XXXIII and in LI.
It began in 1967, the first year of play for the Saints, and press accounts from that game, including the Rome (Ga.) News-Tribune and Los Angeles Times, referred to it as the "Dixie Championship." In recent years, the game has sometimes been referred to as the "Southern Showdown." This has especially been the case leading up to the first of the two 2011 games, by WWL radio in New Orleans.
Beginning in 2017 (the 50th anniversary of the Saints franchise), both stadiums in Atlanta and New Orleans have the Mercedes-Benz moniker on them, and the Falcons-Saints rivalry will be nicknamed "The Mercedes-Benz Bowl".
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Notable games in the series
1.2 Individual game results
1.3 Pre-season games
1.4 Overtime games
1.5 Monday Night Football
1.6 Thursday Night Football
2 References
History[edit]
Notable games in the series[edit]
The first time that the Saints made an appearance in the city of New Orleans was on September 9, 1967, in a pre-season game against Atlanta; the Saints won, 27–14. The two teams continued to play yearly in the pre-season until they became divisional opponents. A notable exception was on August 11, 1984, when the Saints took a 31–21 victory in New Orleans.
The rivalry first truly began to heat up when the two teams became divisional opponents in 1970, allowing them to play twice per season. Despite being located east of the Mississippi River, both relatively new expansion teams were placed in the National Football Conference's Western Division that year – a tough division that would often leave the two teams battling it out with each other just to stay out of last place. Atlanta's 62-7 victory at Tulane Stadium in 1973 remains the most lopsided loss in Saints history. (Coincidentally, the Saints were involved in the only other 62-7 final in an NFL regular season game, crushing the Indianapolis Colts at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on October 23, 2011.[2])
A pair of consecutive last-minute wins by Atlanta in 1978 with playoff implications helped to intensify the rivalry even further. With the Falcons down 17-13 in a late-season matchup at the Superdome and only :19 left on the clock, Falcons quarterback Steve Bartkowski aired a Hail Mary (called in the playbook "Big Ben Right") down to the endzone; the ball was tipped by Falcons reveiver Wallace Francis into the hands of his teammate Alfred Jackson, giving the Falcons a 20-17 victory. The teams met again two weeks later in Atlanta. Once again, the Falcons trailed 17-13, with only :53 on the clock and on their own 28-yard line; Bartkowski led the team down the field and scored with only five seconds left, stunning the Saints for the second time in 3 weeks and propelling the Falcons to their very first wild-card playoff berth: the Falcons finished 9-7, while the Saints finished 7-9; the two last second victories had decided the final playoff slot.
The only postseason meeting to date in the Falcons–Saints rivalry was played in the Wild Card playoff round on December 28, 1991, at the Superdome. The Saints entered the 1991 playoffs as the NFC West champions while the Falcons were a Wild Card team. Atlanta won the game on the road, 27-20, as Falcons quarterback Chris Miller threw the game-winning 61-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Michael Haynes with 2:41 left in the fourth quarter. To add insult to injury, Haynes was a New Orleans native
In the midst of New Orleans' troubled 2005 season in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, they suffered a loss at San Antonio to the Falcons on October 16. The Saints raced to a 10-3 lead in the second quarter before a fumble was returned by DeAngelo Hall of the Falcons for a 66-yard touchdown and a tie game. On the final play of the second quarter, the Falcons blocked a field goal try and Demorrio Williams ran back a 59-yard touchdown. An exchange of six touchdowns ensued and Devery Henderson caught a 15-yard game-tying score, leaving the game 31-31 in the final minute of regulation. A penalty on the Saints helped the Falcons set up Todd Peterson's 36-yard field goal on the final play, ending a 34-31 Falcons win. Saints coach Jim Haslett was so angry over the late penalty that he repeatedly ripped the "chickenshit" calls by referee Bill Carollo and his crew.[citation needed]
The Falcons were the opponent in the Saints' first game in the Superdome after Hurricane Katrina, held on September 25, 2006. The Saints won the nationally televised match 23–3; the game was the highest-rated program in the history of ESPN and the second-highest-rated cable program of all time. Early in the first quarter, Saints safety Steve Gleason blocked a punt by Falcons kicker Michael Koenen and Curtis Deloatch recovered the ball in the Falcons' end zone for a Saints touchdown. It was the first score in the Saints' first game in New Orleans in nearly 21 months, during which time Hurricane Katrina had devastated the city and the team. The Saints dominated the game and went on to have the most successful season in their history up to that time. In July 2012, "Rebirth", a statue depicting Gleason blocking the punt, was erected outside the Superdome; a news report commented that the blocked punt "etched Steve Gleason into Saints lore and became symbolic of New Orleans' resilience in the face of disaster".[3]
The Falcons hosted the Saints on November 26, 2006, at the Georgia Dome. Michael Vick rushed for 166 yards but threw for only 84 yards while Drew Brees of the Saints threw for 349 yards (a week after a 510-yard performance against the Cincinnati Bengals), including a 48-yard heave to Terrance Copper caught in heavy traffic in the Falcons end zone for a Saints touchdown. The Saints routed the Falcons 31–13, and after the game, Vick flashed an obscene gesture to booing Falcons fans.
The Saints were on a quest for an undefeated season in 2009 when, on November 2, they hosted the Falcons on Monday Night Football. Atlanta led 14-7 after one quarter; New Orleans then erupted with 21 second-quarter points and held off a late Atlanta comeback effort when a Darren Sharper intercepted a Matt Ryan pass at the Saints 5, ending a 35-27 Saints win. The win raised New Orleans to a 13-0 record; the Saints then dropped their last 3 regular season games before sweeping through the playoffs on their way to winning the Super Bowl.
In the 2010 season, both games had important implications for the playoff race. The Falcons won a week 3 matchup at the Superdome 27-24 in overtime (after Saints kicker Garrett Hartley made a last-second field goal to tie the game in regulation, but then missed another kick that would have won it in overtime). The win gave Atlanta an advantage in the standings which Falcons retained all season. In the Week 16 rematch, the teams met for the fifth time in six seasons on Monday Night Football, with the NFC South title still on the line; in a typically close game the Saints held on for a 17-14 win, clinching a playoff berth. (The Falcons won the following week to earn the top seed in the NFC; both teams then were then upset in their opening playoff games, New Orleans losing to the underdog Seattle Seahawks 41-36 in the wild-card round, while Atlanta was routed by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers in the divisional round 48-21.)
In the 2011 season, both teams met again for a Monday Night Football matchup. Like the previous season, playoff implications were at stake for both teams, however, in a near-inverse of the 2010 meeting, New Orleans, entered Week 16 with an 11-3 record with a playoff berth already clinched, were in better position to win the NFC South division title, and needed a win in one of their final two games or an Atlanta loss in one of their final two games to clinch the division title, while Atlanta, entering Week 16 with a 9-5 record, needed to win out as well as for New Orleans to lose against Carolina in Week 17 to repeat as NFC South champions. A major historical aspect of this game was Saint Drew Brees' pursuit of Dan Marino's single season record for passing yards, 5084, set in 1984. Entering the game with 4780 yards, Brees needed only 305 in his final two games to obtain the record. Atlanta received the opening kickoff and quickly jumped out to a 3-0 lead but the Saints immediately responded with an 84-yard touchdown drive sparked by Brees' 38-yard completion to Lance Moore on the drive's first play. Brees would end the first quarter with 66 yards. By halftime, Brees was within 75 yards of the record with 230 yards in the first half, thanks in large part to the 164 yards he notched in the second quarter, which lifted the Saints to a 21-10 lead. Despite only having 45 yards in the third quarter, Brees managed to help the Saints extend their lead to 31-13 and he entered the fourth quarter 30 yards shy of Marino's record. The fourth quarter was somewhat atypical of how the Saints had played during the first three quarters in that they punted for the first time in the game and were held to a three-and-out for the third straight possession dating back to the third quarter when they had to settle for a field goal after failing to get a first down following Darren Sproles' 92-yard kickoff return which set them up with excellent field position at the Atlanta 14-yard line. Continuing the breaking of trends was the Saints' defense, which came into the game having forced the fewest turnovers of any defense in the league. That improved when linebacker Scott Shanle stripped the football from Falcons' wide receiver Julio Jones at the Falcons' 35-yard line and Saints' free safety Malcolm Jenkins grabbed the ball bouncing off the turf in stride and ran 30 yards down the sideline for a touchdown, extending the lead to 38-16. With zero completions or yards through the Saints' first two fourth-quarter possessions, it appeared uncertain if Brees would be able to get the record in front of a national audience in prime time but after the Saints' defense succeeded in stopping the Falcons on fourth down for the second straight possession and having taken over at the Falcons' 32-yard line with Brees needing just 30 for the record, the stage was set for history. On the ensuing drive, Brees completed a 12-yard pass to Marques Colston and an 11-yarder to Devery Henderson, coming to within 7 yards of the record. After an incomplete pass on first and goal from the Falcons' 9-yard line, Brees connected with running back Darren Sproles at the 1-yard line by the left hash mark and he carried it into the end zone, completing the quest for the record with Brees at 5087 yards through 15 games and capping off the scoring for the game with the Saints winning 45–16 and clinching the NFC South division title, their third since Sean Payton became head coach in 2006 and fifth in franchise history. Brees ended the night completing 23 of his 39 passing attempts for 307 yards, four touchdowns and two interceptions; it was also his 12th game of the season with at least 300 yards passing, an NFL record.
In 2012, the Saints struggled through a down year after incurring heavy league penalties from their bounty scandal, but the Saints still managed to hand the Falcons their first loss of the season, 31–27 at the Superdome in week 10. Three weeks later, airport workers in Atlanta egged the Saints' charter bus when the Saints arrived in Atlanta for their game against the Falcons. Drew Brees threw 5 interceptions and his record of consecutive games with a touchdown pass was snapped as the Falcons controlled the rematch 23-13.[4] (The Falcons went on to earn the top seed in the NFC for the second time in three years.)
In 2013, the teams met in a highly promoted[citation needed] opening-week match-up. The Saints held off a last-second Atlanta drive to win 23–17, then went on to win their first five games while the Falcons, hampered by injuries, unexpectedly[citation needed] suffered through a loss-filled campaign. In the rematch, a Thursday night prime-time game, the Saints again held on to win another narrow victory, 17–13, marked by Brees moving past Warren Moon into fifth place on the all-time career passing list.
The January 1, 2017 matchup was the final regular season NFL game played in the Georgia Dome. In the Falcons' 38–32 victory over the Saints, Atlanta clinched the second seed in the playoffs. After the Falcons defeated the Seattle Seahawks and the Green Bay Packers defeating the top-seeded Dallas Cowboys in the Divisional Round, the 2016 NFC Championship Game between the Falcons and Packers was the final overall NFL game played in the Georgia Dome, where the Falcons defeated the Packers to secure their second all-time Super Bowl appearance.
On December 7th, 2017 the New Orleans Saints played their first game against the Atlanta Falcons at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. With the Falcons leading 20-17, Saints quarterback Drew Brees was intercepted by linebacker Deion Jones in the endzone with less than two minutes remaining in regulation. New Orleans still had the possibility of gaining another possession but that ended when Saints Head Coach Sean Peyton was flagged for Unsportsmanlike Conduct for running onto the field and arguing with a game official. The penalty gave Atlanta a first down allowing the Falcons to keep possession and win the game 20-17.
Individual game results[edit]
This is a list of results from all of the meetings between the Saints and Falcons from their first meeting in 1967 to the present.
Saints victory Falcons victory * Post-season meeting
Date
Site
Winning team
Losing team
Series
November 20, 1967 New Orleans New Orleans 27 Atlanta 24 NO 1-0
December 7, 1969 Atlanta Atlanta 45 New Orleans 17 Tied 1-1
September 20, 1970 New Orleans Atlanta 14 New Orleans 3 ATL 2-1
October 25, 1970 Atlanta Atlanta 32 New Orleans 14 ATL 3-1
October 24, 1971 Atlanta Atlanta 28 New Orleans 6 ATL 4-1
December 19, 1971 New Orleans Atlanta 24 New Orleans 20 ATL 5-1
October 15, 1972 New Orleans Atlanta 21 New Orleans 14 ATL 6-1
November 12, 1972 Atlanta Atlanta 36 New Orleans 20 ATL 7-1
September 16, 1973 New Orleans Atlanta 62 New Orleans 7 ATL 8-1
December 16, 1973 Atlanta Atlanta 14 New Orleans 10 ATL 9-1
September 29, 1974 New Orleans New Orleans 14 Atlanta 13 ATL 9-2
October 20, 1974 Atlanta New Orleans 13 Atlanta 3 ATL 9-3
October 5, 1975 Atlanta Atlanta 14 New Orleans 7 ATL 10-3
November 2, 1975 New Orleans New Orleans 23 Atlanta 7 ATL 10-4
October 10, 1976 New Orleans New Orleans 30 Atlanta 0 ATL 10-5
October 31, 1976 Atlanta Atlanta 23 New Orleans 20 ATL 11-5
November 20, 1977 New Orleans New Orleans 21 Atlanta 20 ATL 11-6
December 18, 1977 Atlanta Atlanta 35 New Orleans 7 ATL 12-6
November 12, 1978 Atlanta Atlanta 20 New Orleans 17 ATL 13-6
November 26, 1978 New Orleans Atlanta 20 New Orleans 17 ATL 14-6
September 2, 1979 New Orleans Atlanta 40 New Orleans 34 ATL 15-6
November 25, 1979 Atlanta New Orleans 37 Atlanta 6 ATL 15-7
October 19, 1980 New Orleans Atlanta 41 New Orleans 14 ATL 16-7
November 16, 1980 Atlanta Atlanta 31 New Orleans 13 ATL 17-7
September 6, 1981 Atlanta Atlanta 27 New Orleans 0 ATL 18-7
November 1, 1981 New Orleans Atlanta 41 New Orleans 10 ATL 19-7
December 12, 1982 Atlanta Atlanta 35 New Orleans 0 ATL 20-7
January 2, 1983 New Orleans New Orleans 35 Atlanta 6 ATL 20-8
October 9, 1983 Atlanta New Orleans 19 Atlanta 17 ATL 20-9
November 6, 1983 New Orleans New Orleans 27 Atlanta 10 ATL 20-10
September 2, 1984 New Orleans Atlanta 36 New Orleans 28 ATL 21-10
November 11, 1984 Atlanta New Orleans 17 Atlanta 13 ATL 21-11
October 20, 1985 Atlanta Atlanta 31 New Orleans 24 ATL 22-11
December 22, 1985 New Orleans Atlanta 16 New Orleans 10 ATL 23-11
September 7, 1986 New Orleans Atlanta 31 New Orleans 10 ATL 24-11
December 14, 1986 Atlanta New Orleans 14 Atlanta 9 ATL 24-12
November 1, 1987 Atlanta New Orleans 38 Atlanta 0 ATL 24-13
September 11, 1988 Atlanta New Orleans 29 Atlanta 21 ATL 24-14
December 18, 1988 New Orleans New Orleans 10 Atlanta 9 ATL 24-15
October 29, 1989 New Orleans New Orleans 20 Atlanta 13 ATL 24-16
November 19, 1989 Atlanta New Orleans 26 Atlanta 17 ATL 24-17
October 7, 1990 Atlanta Atlanta 28 New Orleans 27 ATL 25-17
November 25, 1990 New Orleans New Orleans 10 Atlanta 7 ATL 25-18
September 29, 1991 Atlanta New Orleans 27 Atlanta 6 ATL 25-19
November 24, 1991 New Orleans Atlanta 23 New Orleans 20 ATL 26-19
December 28, 1991* New Orleans Atlanta 27 New Orleans 20 ATL 27-19
September 20, 1992 Atlanta New Orleans 10 Atlanta 7 ATL 27-20
December 3, 1992 New Orleans New Orleans 22 Atlanta 14 ATL 27-21
September 12, 1993 Atlanta New Orleans 34 Atlanta 31 ATL 27-22
October 24, 1993 New Orleans Atlanta 26 New Orleans 15 ATL 28-22
November 13, 1994 New Orleans New Orleans 33 Atlanta 32 ATL 28-23
December 11, 1994 Atlanta New Orleans 29 Atlanta 20 ATL 28-24
September 15, 1995 New Orleans Atlanta 27 New Orleans 24 ATL 29-24
December 10, 1995 Atlanta Atlanta 19 New Orleans 14 ATL 30-24
September 22, 1996 New Orleans Atlanta 28 New Orleans 14 ATL 31-24
November 17, 1996 Atlanta Atlanta 17 New Orleans 15 ATL 32-24
October 12, 1997 New Orleans Atlanta 23 New Orleans 17 ATL 33-24
November 23, 1997 Atlanta Atlanta 20 New Orleans 3 ATL 34-24
October 18, 1998 Atlanta Atlanta 31 New Orleans 23 ATL 35-24
December 13, 1998 New Orleans Atlanta 27 New Orleans 17 ATL 36-24
October 10, 1999 New Orleans Atlanta 20 New Orleans 17 ATL 37-24
December 5, 1999 Atlanta Atlanta 35 New Orleans 12 ATL 38-24
October 22, 2000 Atlanta New Orleans 21 Atlanta 19 ATL 38-25
December 27, 2000 New Orleans New Orleans 23 Atlanta 7 ATL 38-26
October 21, 2001 New Orleans Atlanta 20 New Orleans 13 ATL 39-26
December 9, 2001 Atlanta New Orleans 28 Atlanta 10 ATL 39-27
October 27, 2002 New Orleans Atlanta 37 New Orleans 35 ATL 40-27
November 17, 2002 Atlanta Atlanta 24 New Orleans 21 ATL 41-27
October 19, 2003 Atlanta New Orleans 45 Atlanta 17 ATL 41-28
November 16, 2003 New Orleans New Orleans 23 Atlanta 20 ATL 41-29
November 28, 2004 Atlanta Atlanta 24 New Orleans 21 ATL 42-29
December 26, 2004 New Orleans New Orleans 26 Atlanta 13 ATL 42-30
October 16, 2005 San Antonio Atlanta 34 New Orleans 31 ATL 43-30
December 12, 2005 Atlanta Atlanta 36 New Orleans 17 ATL 44-30
September 25, 2006 New Orleans New Orleans 23 Atlanta 3 ATL 44-31
November 26, 2006 Atlanta New Orleans 31 Atlanta 13 ATL 44-32
October 21, 2007 New Orleans New Orleans 22 Atlanta 16 ATL 44-33
December 10, 2007 Atlanta New Orleans 34 Atlanta 14 ATL 44-34
November 9, 2008 Atlanta Atlanta 34 New Orleans 20 ATL 45-34
December 7, 2008 New Orleans New Orleans 29 Atlanta 25 ATL 45-35
November 2, 2009 New Orleans New Orleans 35 Atlanta 27 ATL 45-36
December 14, 2009 Atlanta New Orleans 26 Atlanta 23 ATL 45-37
September 26, 2010 New Orleans Atlanta 27 New Orleans 24 ATL 46-37
December 27, 2010 Atlanta New Orleans 17 Atlanta 14 ATL 46-38
November 13, 2011 Atlanta New Orleans 26 Atlanta 23 ATL 46-39
December 26, 2011 New Orleans New Orleans 45 Atlanta 16 ATL 46-40
November 11, 2012 New Orleans New Orleans 31 Atlanta 27 ATL 46-41
November 29, 2012 Atlanta Atlanta 23 New Orleans 13 ATL 47-41
September 8, 2013 New Orleans New Orleans 23 Atlanta 17 ATL 47-42
November 21, 2013 Atlanta New Orleans 17 Atlanta 13 ATL 47-43
September 7, 2014 Atlanta Atlanta 37 New Orleans 34 ATL 48-43
December 21, 2014 New Orleans Atlanta 30 New Orleans 14 ATL 49-43
October 15, 2015 New Orleans New Orleans 31 Atlanta 21 ATL 49-44
January 3, 2016 Atlanta New Orleans 20 Atlanta 17 ATL 49-45
September 26, 2016 New Orleans Atlanta 45 New Orleans 32 ATL 50-45
January 1, 2017 Atlanta Atlanta 38 New Orleans 32 ATL 51-45
December 7, 2017 Atlanta Atlanta 20 New Orleans 17 ATL 52-45
December 24, 2017 New Orleans New Orleans 23 Atlanta 13 ATL 52-46
Pre-season games[edit]
The Saints hold a 3-1 edge in pre-season games against the Falcons, including a victory on September 9, 1967 when the Saints played in the city of New Orleans for the very first time. The home teams have always won the pre-season games in this series.
Year
Winner
Result
Location
1967 New Orleans Saints 27-14 New Orleans
1968 Atlanta Falcons 16-10 Atlanta
1969 New Orleans Saints 21-17 New Orleans
1984 New Orleans Saints 31-21 New Orleans
Overtime games[edit]
The Falcons hold a 5-2 lead in overtime games in this series.
Year
Winner
Result
Location
1979 Atlanta Falcons 40-34 New Orleans
1991 Atlanta Falcons 23-20 New Orleans
1995 Atlanta Falcons 27-24 New Orleans
2003 New Orleans Saints 23-20 New Orleans
2010 Atlanta Falcons 27-24 New Orleans
2011 New Orleans Saints 26-23 Atlanta
2014 Atlanta Falcons 37-34 Atlanta
Monday Night Football[edit]
The Saints and Falcons have met seven times on Monday Night Football, most recently in 2016. The series has been played three times in Atlanta and four times in New Orleans, and overall the Saints lead 5–2.
The 2006 matchup, the first game played in the Superdome after Hurricane Katrina, was the second highest rated cable television broadcast of all time, a mark that has since been surpassed. The 2010 matchup averaged 19.1 million viewers on ESPN, making it the most watched cable broadcast of 2010.[5]
Year
Winner
Result
Location
2005 Atlanta Falcons 36-17 Atlanta
2006 New Orleans Saints 23-3 New Orleans
2007 New Orleans Saints 34-14 Atlanta
2009 New Orleans Saints 35-27 New Orleans
2010 New Orleans Saints 17-14 Atlanta
2011 New Orleans Saints 45-16 New Orleans
2016 Atlanta Falcons 45-32 New Orleans
Thursday Night Football[edit]
Atlanta and New Orleans have played Thursday night games 5 times, with the Saints holding a 3-2 edge in those contests. Counting both Monday Night Football and Thursday Night Football, the New Orleans Saints have an 8-4 lead in regular season prime time games.
Year
Winner
Result
Location
1992 New Orleans Saints 22-14 New Orleans
2012 Atlanta Falcons 23-13 Atlanta
2013 New Orleans Saints 17-13 Atlanta
2015 New Orleans Saints 31-21 New Orleans
2017 Atlanta Falcons 20-17 Atlanta
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pasquarelli, Len (August 15, 2006). "Super Bowl or bowl games? Enough said". ESPN.com.
Jump up ^ "All Games in NFL History with a 62 to 7 score"
Jump up ^ "Steve Gleason statue unveiled", Associated Press at ESPN.com, July 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2012112900/2012/REG13/saints@falcons
Jump up ^ "2011 NFL Broadcasting Guide (Cont.)". CNN. September 6, 2011.
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Uniroyal Giant Tire
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Uniroyal Giant Tire
The US Royal Giant Tire Ferris Wheel at the 1964 New York World's Fair
General information
Location
1964–1965: New York World's Fair
since 1966: Allen Park, Michigan
Country
United States
Coordinates
1964–1965: 40°44′42″N 73°50′53″W / 40.74500°N 73.84808°W / 40.74500; -73.84808
since 1966: 42°16′14″N 83°12′33″W / 42.27055°N 83.20905°W / 42.27055; -83.20905Coordinates: 42°16′14″N 83°12′33″W / 42.27055°N 83.20905°W / 42.27055; -83.20905
Owner
1964–1990: Uniroyal
since 1990: Michelin
Website
www.uniroyaltires.com/about/gianttire.html
The Uniroyal Giant Tire was created by the Uniroyal Tire Company for the 1964 New York World's Fair, where it functioned as a Ferris wheel. Since 1966 it has served as a static display in Allen Park, Michigan, alongside Interstate 94, between the Southfield Freeway interchange and Outer Drive overpass.
Contents
[hide]
1 Dimensions
2 History
3 Renovations
4 References
Dimensions[edit]
Along Interstate 94 in Allen Park, Michigan, early 2000s
Conflicting reports credit the structure as being 80 feet (24.4 m),[1] 83 feet (25.3 m),[2] and 86 feet (26.2 m) tall.[3]
It weighs 12 short tons (11 t),[1] is anchored in 24 feet (7.3 m) of concrete and steel, and can withstand hurricane-force winds.[2]
The exterior tire tread is 6 inches (15 cm) deep, with an interior volume of 120,576 cubic feet (3,414.3 m3).[1] It is not made of rubber, but of a Uniroyal-developed polyester resin reinforced with glass fiber, which makes it flame resistant.[2]
It is the largest non-production tire scale model ever built, and one of the world's largest roadside attractions.[1]
History[edit]
The Giant Tire was first created as a Ferris wheel for the 1964 New York World's Fair in Flushing, Queens, NY. Located on Grand Central Parkway next to the Transportation and Travel Pavilion[4] and now part of the Queens Zoo, it was originally emblazoned "U S ROYAL TIRES". Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, the same architectural firm that designed the Empire State Building, the wheel carried over 2 million people, including prominent passengers such as Jacqueline Kennedy, Telly Savalas, and the Shah of Iran.[3] It had 24 barrel-shaped gondolas, each carrying up to 4 people,[5] and could carry up to 96 passengers. It was driven by a 100 hp engine.[6]
When the fair ended in 1965, the tire was disassembled and shipped to Detroit via 22 trucks[7], where it was reassembled without its passenger gondolas in 1966 as a static display outside a Uniroyal sales office. Later, the sales office moved but the tire remained, becoming an icon of Detroit's industrial power. Today it still stands tall as a symbol of Uniroyal's heritage and a Detroit landmark.[2][3]
On May 20, 2015, Uniroyal staged an event to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the tire for members of the Automotive Press Association and other guests, who toured its interior.[5]
Renovations[edit]
Michelin completed its purchase of the Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company in 1990, and in 1994 announced plans to renovate the landmark, including a new hubcap and the addition of neon lights for the UNIROYAL lettering.[8] The tire's fiberglass cover was cleaned, painted, and modernized with a new sleek look.[3]
In 1998, a giant 11-foot (3.4 m) nail weighing 250 pounds (110 kg).[9] was placed in its tread as a promotion for Uniroyal's new NailGard puncture resistant tire.[10] The nail was removed in 2003 and was donated to the city of Allen Park, to be auctioned on eBay to raise funds for the Allen Park Historical Society programs and facilities.[11]
In 2003, the Giant Tire was renovated as part of Detroit's I-94 corridor revitalization project. The US$1,000,000 work included the replacement of 30 interior steel beams, asphalt and storm drain installation, and the replacement of the neon lettering with reflective lettering.[9]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "About the Uniroyal Giant Tire" (PDF). Uniroyal Tires. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Renovations Begin on Uniroyal Giant Tire". Modern Tire Dealer. August 12, 2003. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Baulch, Vivian M.; Zacharias, Patricia (February 26, 1997). "Detroit's giant stove and tire". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Transportation and Travel Pavilion
^ Jump up to: a b "Giant Tire". Uniroyal Tires. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Detroit's Giant Tire Getting a Facelift". WDIV-TV. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Detroit Free Press".
Jump up ^ "Photo Of The Day – The Uniroyal Tire – It's Giant". WOMC-FM. March 28, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Uniroyal Factsheet on Renovation" (PDF). Uniroyal Tires. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jones, Melissa (2005). Superlatives USA: The Largest, Smallest, Longest, Shortest, and Wackiest Sites in America. Capital Travels Books. Sterling, VA: Capital Books. ISBN 9781931868853.
Jump up ^ "Giant Uniroyal Tire Nail Up For Auction". WDIV-TV. October 20, 2003. Archived from the original on February 11, 2008.
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Allen Park, Michigan
Education
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the original Ferris Wheel
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Harbin Ferris Wheel
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Star of Lake Tai
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Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel
Japan
Aurora Wheel
Cosmo Clock 21
Daikanransha
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Redhorse Osaka Wheel
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Space Eye
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Sky Wheel
Europe
France
Grande Roue de Paris
Italy
Eurowheel
United Kingdom
Great Wheel
London Eye
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Melbourne Star
hide
Other conventional Ferris wheels
For a more extensive list, see List of Ferris wheels
Americas
Canada
Niagara SkyWheel
US
Capital Wheel
Colossus
Myrtle Beach SkyWheel
Seattle Great Wheel
Texas Star
Uniroyal Giant Tire
Asia
Hong Kong
Hong Kong Observation Wheel
Indonesia
J-Sky
Japan
Amuran
Big O
Turkmenistan
Alem
Europe &
Eurasia
Austria
Wiener Riesenrad
Azerbaijan
Baku Ferris Wheel
Russia
Moscow-850
hide
Other types of wheel
Transportable
Ferris wheels
designs
Bussink Design R80XL
wheels
Roue de Paris
Steiger Ferris Wheel
see also
List of transportable Ferris wheels
Transportable
Ferris wheel
installations
Australia
Wheel of Brisbane
India
Delhi Eye
Malaysia
Eye on Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur and Malacca)
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Belfast Wheel
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Royal Windsor Wheel
Wheel of Birmingham
Wheel of Dublin
Wheel of Liverpool
Wheel of Manchester
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Yorkshire Wheel
Eccentric wheels
US
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Wonder Wheel
Double wheels
US
Giant Wheel (Hersheypark)
Triple wheels
US
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hide
Major Ferris wheel proposals
Construction in progress:
Dubai
Dubai Eye
Unfinished projects:
China
Turn of Fortune
US
New York Wheel
Abandoned projects:
US
Skyvue
Quiescent proposals:
China
Beijing Great Wheel
Germany
Great Berlin Wheel
India
Kolkata Eye
US
Great Orlando Wheel
For other quiescent (incomplete, delayed, stalled, cancelled, failed, or abandoned) proposals, see: Ferris wheel#Quiescent proposals
hide
Related topics
Designers,
manufacturers,
and operators
Allan Herschell Company
Chance Morgan
Chance Wheels / Chance American Wheels
Eli Bridge Company
Great City Attractions (previously World Tourist Attractions)
Great Wheel Corporation (merged with World Tourist Attractions in 2009)
Intamin
Maurer German Wheels
Mondial
Ronald Bussink (Nauta Bussink / Bussink Landmarks / Bussink Design)
Sanoyas Rides Corporation
Vekoma (Dutch Wheels)
Waagner-Biro
Wheels Entertainments
People
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
Popular culture
List of London Eye appearances in popular culture
The Great Wheel (novel)
The London Eye Mystery (novel)
Categories
Ferris wheels
Former Ferris wheels
Proposed Ferris wheels
Transportable Ferris wheels
Unbuilt Ferris wheels
Unfinished Ferris wheels
Amusement rides
Ferris wheels @ Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniroyal_Giant_Tire&oldid=840735191"
Categories:
Landmarks in Michigan
Roadside attractions in Michigan
Former Ferris wheels
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Tires
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This page was last edited on 11 May 2018, at 20:28 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Quebec Winter Carnival
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Quebec Winter Carnival
Carnaval de Québec
Bonhomme Carnaval in 2011
Genre
Festival
Begins
End of January
Ends
Mid February
Frequency
Annually
Location(s)
Quebec City
Country
Canada
Website
Carnaval de Québec
The Quebec Winter Carnival (French: Carnaval de Québec), commonly known in both English and French as Carnaval, is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the Carnaval de Québec has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year Bonhomme Carnaval, the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance.[1] Up to one million people attended the Carnaval de Québec in 2006 making it the largest winter festival in the world.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Activities and attractions
2 Feasts and restaurants
3 Races and tournaments
4 Gallery
5 References
6 External links
Activities and attractions[edit]
The most famous attractions of this winter festival are the night-time and daytime parades led by mascot Bonhomme Carnaval. The parades wind through the upper city, decorated for the occasion with lights and ice sculptures.
Numerous public and private parties, shows and balls are held across the city, some of them outside in the bitter cold, testimony to the Québécois' fabled joie de vivre.
Other major events include:
A masquerade ball with up to 400 participants at the grand ballroom of the Château Frontenac.
The opening and closing ceremonies taking place at the Ice Palace before thousands of participants, Bonhomme and the mayor of Quebec.
Outdoor sport events (snowboarding, ice canoe, snowshoes, hockey, dog-sledding, etc., some of them part of World Championship tournaments) inside and outside the city.
Free outdoor public banquets (brunch, breakfast, etc.).
The Canadian, Québécois, International and Student artist snow sculpture contests on the Plains of Abraham, the main setting of the carnival. The Plains are a public city park and stay open for leisure activities, including snowshoeing and cross-country skiing trails, during carnival time. Part of the Plains around the Citadel is transformed into an outdoor winter amusement park with various family-themed activities, including the display of the three main snow-sculpting contests (Canada's provinces, Quebec's regions, International) and the traditional bikini snow bath event (bain de neige)
Outdoor dance parties are held at the Ice Palaces.
Kiosks and other outlets in the city sell the Bonhomme effigy tag that grants admission into most of the events, although some are free outside the main site.
Most commercial main streets are decorated and some bars and restaurants set up a winter patio in front of their establishments.
Bonhomme – short for bonhomme de neige ("snowman") is the official ambassador of the festivities, the castle lord of the Ice Palace. Bonhomme is described as a seven-foot-tall, four-hundred pound snowman sporting a red cap, black buttons and a ceinture fléchée.[3]
It is traditional to drink Caribou, a hot alcoholic beverage, to keep warm.
The public auction is a fundraising event in aid of the carnival. This auction features many goods and services donated for silent auction and live auction.
Feasts and restaurants[edit]
The Business Leaders' Luncheon, organized by the Québec City Chamber of Commerce.
The Calgary Stampede Flap Jack Breakfast. In 2008, carnival-goers were served by Prime Minister Stephen Harper.
The 'Restaurant Partners' Campaign is a 179-day promotion during which Québec City restaurants offer customers a special menu for a fixed price throughout the carnival (including appetizer, soup, or salad, a main course, and a dessert).
Races and tournaments[edit]
A sleigh race in which drivers and their horses take part in a single- and double-harness race on the Plains of Abraham.
An Ice canoe race on the St. Lawrence river.
The Québec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament (not officially part of the carnival program since 1977).
The Snowboard World Cup in Quebec City (not part of the carnival official program).
Also not part of the official program but worth a visit or a stay, the Quebec City Ice Hotel is open every year from early January to late March with its bar, nightclub, exhibition galleries and ceremonial chapel.
Gallery[edit]
Ice sculpture (2005)
Family venue (2006)
Ice Palace (2009)
Parade in Montreal (2011)
Canoe race (2011)
Ice Palace (2011)
Toboggan at Terrasse Dufferin
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Daniel Shafto (1 January 2009). Carnival. Infobase Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-4381-2660-9.
Jump up ^ Hilary Davidson; Paul Karr; Herbert Bailey Livesey; Bill McRae; Donald Olson (14 August 2006). Frommer's Canada: With the best hiking & outdoor adventures. John Wiley & Sons. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-470-04457-5.
Jump up ^ https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/activities-and-interests/the-snowman-behind-the-legend-get-to-know-quebecs-beloved-bonhomme/article37716316/
External links[edit]
Quebec Winter Carnaval virtual tour in panoramic photography
Tornoipee-wee.qc.ca
Fissnowboard.com
Icehotel-canada.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_Winter_Carnival&oldid=826926808"
Categories:
Tourist attractions in Quebec City
Festivals in Quebec City
Winter festivals in Canada
Mardi Gras
1894 establishments in Quebec
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from January 2018
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Quebec articles missing geocoordinate data
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This page was last edited on 21 February 2018, at 19:39.
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