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James Bond filmography
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This article is about the history of the James Bond character as portrayed in the film series. For the character as portrayed in literature, see James Bond (literary character).
James Bond
James Bond character
The gun barrel sequence from the Eon Productions film Dr. No
First appearance
Dr. No (1962)
Last appearance
Spectre (2015)
Created by
Ian Fleming
Portrayed by
Sean Connery (1962–67; 1971; 1983)
David Niven (1967)
George Lazenby (1969)
Roger Moore (1973–85)
Timothy Dalton (1987–89)
Pierce Brosnan (1995–2002)
Daniel Craig (2006–present)
Information
Gender
Male
Occupation
00 Agent
Title
Commander (Royal Navy)
Spouse(s)
Teresa di Vicenzo (widowed)
Nationality
British
Commander James Bond RN—code number 007—is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1952. The character appeared in a series of twelve novels and two short story collections written by Fleming and a number of continuation novels and spin-off works after Fleming's death in 1964. There have been twenty-six films in total, produced between 1962 and 2015.
Fleming portrayed Bond as a tall, athletic, handsome secret agent in his thirties or forties; he has several vices including drinking, smoking, gambling, automobiles and womanizing. He is an exceptional marksman, and skilled in unarmed combat, skiing, swimming and golf. While Bond kills without hesitation or regret, he usually kills only when carrying out orders, while acting in self-defence and occasionally as revenge.
American actor Barry Nelson was the first to portray Bond on screen, in a 1954 television adaptation, "Casino Royale". In 1961 Eon Productions began work on Dr. No, an adaptation of the novel of the same name. The result was a film that spawned a series of twenty-four films produced by Eon Productions and two independent films. After considering the likes of "refined" English actors such as Cary Grant and David Niven, the producers cast Sean Connery as Bond in the film. Fleming was appalled at the selection of the uncouth, 31-year-old Scottish actor, considering him to be the antithesis of his character. However, Connery's physical prowess and sexual magnetism in the role came to be closely identified with the character, with Fleming ultimately changing his view on Connery and incorporating aspects of his portrayal into the books.
Seven actors in total have portrayed Bond on film. Following Connery's portrayal, David Niven, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig have assumed the role. These screen versions have retained many traits from Fleming's depiction, although some of Bond's less fashionable attitudes have been dropped, such as racism, homophobia, retaining the services of a maid, and in the more recent films, smoking. Despite playing the same character, there have been notable differences among the portrayals. Daniel Craig is the incumbent Bond in the long-running Eon series, and played the part for a fourth time in the latest film, Spectre, released in October 2015. Daniel Craig will return as Bond in the 25th instalment of the series. The film is expected to release in 2019.
Contents
[hide]
1 Fleming's literary characterisation
2 Films
2.1 Sean Connery: 1962–1967, 1971 and 1983
2.2 David Niven: 1967
2.3 George Lazenby: 1969
2.4 Roger Moore: 1972–1985
2.5 Timothy Dalton: 1986–1994
2.6 Pierce Brosnan: 1994–2004
2.7 Daniel Craig: 2005–present
3 Notes and references
4 Bibliography
5 External links
Fleming's literary characterisation[edit]
See also: James Bond (literary character)
A Secret Service agent, Bond was a composite based on a number of commandos whom author Ian Fleming had known during his service in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, to whom he added his own style and a number of his own tastes. Fleming appropriated the name from American ornithologist James Bond. Bond's code number 007 comes from one of British naval intelligence's key achievements of World War I: the breaking of the German diplomatic code.[1] One of the German documents cracked and read by the British was the Zimmermann Telegram, which was coded 0075,[2] and which was one of the factors that led the US entering the war. Subsequently if material was graded 00 it meant it was highly classified. Fleming later told a journalist, "When I was at the Admiralty ... all the top-secret signals had the double-0 prefix ... and I decided to borrow it for Bond".[1]
Although James Bond is in his mid-to-late thirties, he does not age in Fleming's stories.[3] Fleming biographer Andrew Lycett noted that, "within the first few pages [of Casino Royale] Ian had introduced most of Bond's idiosyncrasies and trademarks", which included his looks, his Bentley and his smoking and drinking habits:[4] Bond's penchant for alcohol runs throughout the series of books[5] and he smokes up to 70 cigarettes a day.[6][a]
Fleming decided to underplay Bond's character, observing that "Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure".[9] On another occasion, he reinforced his point, saying, "When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument".[10]
Films[edit]

Sean Connery: 1962–1967, 1971 and 1983[edit]
Sean Connery was the first actor to portray Bond on film in Dr. No (1962). An amateur bodybuilder, he had come to the attention of the Bond film producers after several appearances in British films from the late 1950s.[11] At a muscular 6'2", Fleming originally disapproved of his casting as James Bond, believing him to be an overgrown stuntman who lacked the finesse and elegance to play James Bond; he envisaged a suave actor, such as David Niven playing the role.[12] Producer Albert R. Broccoli—known to all as Cubby—disagreed with Fleming's view, later commenting that "I wanted a ballsy guy ... put a bit of veneer over that tough Scottish hide and you've got Fleming's Bond instead of all the mincing poofs we had applying for the job".[13] Eon's choice of Connery was also based on his looks and sex appeal,[14] an appeal that would later be echoed by Honor Blackman who said, after appearing with Connery in Goldfinger, "He was exceedingly handsome, virile and sexy and that really was the tenor of what the script was always trying to display".[15] After Connery was chosen, director Terence Young took the actor to his tailor and hairdresser,[16] and introduced him to the high life, restaurants, casinos and women of London. In the words of Bond writer Raymond Benson, Young educated the actor "in the ways of being dapper, witty, and above all, cool".[17]
Connery's interpretation of the character differed considerably from Fleming's, being more promiscuous and cold blooded than the literary version.[18] Connery described Bond as "a complete sensualist—senses highly tuned, awake to everything, quite amoral. I particularly like him because he thrives on conflict".[19] Academic James Chapman observed that for Dr. No, Connery's interpretation of the character, although not complete, showed the actor "should be credited with having established a new style of performance: a British screen hero in the manner of an American leading man".[20] In his second film, From Russia with Love, Connery looked less nervous and edgy; he gave "a relaxed, wry performance of subtle wit and style".[21] Pfeiffer and Worrall noted that Connery "personified James Bond with such perfection that even Ian Fleming ... admitted that it was difficult imagining anyone else in the part";[22][b] academic Jeremy Black agreed and declared that "Connery made the role his own and created the Bond audience for the cinema".[26] Black also observed that Connery gave the character a "spare, pared-down character ... [with] inner bleakness along with the style".[26] Connery played Bond with "the right mix of cool charisma, violence and arrogance ... against which all others are judged".[27] Raymond Benson perceived that Connery "embodies a ruggedness and an intense screen presence this transcends any preconceived notions about the character".[28] Benson also noted that Bond was witty, but contains "an assured toughness that epitomises the machismo male".[28] Roger Moore agreed with Black and Benson, commenting that "Sean was Bond. He created Bond. He embodied Bond and because of Sean, Bond became an instantly recognisable character the world over—he was rough, tough, mean and witty ... he was a bloody good 007".[29] However, despite his charm and virility, Connery was characteristically laconic in his delivery.[30][31] Christopher Bray says of him that "in his single-minded, laconic, mocking, self-sufficient vanity, Connery's Bond was the epitome of sixties consumer culture".[32]
Connery in Amsterdam in July 1971, recording for Diamonds are Forever.
Interviewed by Oriana Fallaci in 1965, Connery identified where he had altered the character for the films, saying "I said to the producers that the character had one defect, there was no humor about him; to get him accepted, they'd have to let me play him tongue-in-cheek, so people could laugh. They agreed, and there you are: today Bond is accepted to such an extent that even philosophers take the trouble to analyze him, even intellectuals enjoy defending him or attacking him. And even while they're laughing at him, people take him terribly seriously".[33] Connery went on to add that "Bond is important: this invincible superman that every man would like to copy, that every woman would like to conquer, this dream we all have of survival. And then one can't help liking him".[33] After the pressures of five films in six years, Connery left the role after the 1967 film You Only Live Twice saying, "It became a terrible pressure, like living in a goldfish bowl ... that was part of the reason I wanted to be finished with Bond. Also I had become completely identified with it, and it became very wearing and very boring".[34]
After a hiatus of one film—On Her Majesty's Secret Service, in which George Lazenby played Bond—Connery returned to the role for Diamonds Are Forever after David Picker, the head of United Artists, made it clear that Connery was to be enticed back to the role and that money was no object. When approached about resuming the role of Bond, Connery demanded—and received—a fee of £1.25 million (£24 million in 2015 pounds),[35] 12.5% of the gross profits[36] and, as a further enticement, United Artists offered to back two films of his choice.[37][c] His performance received mixed reviews, with Raymond Benson considering that Connery "looks weary and bored ... he is overweight, slow-moving, and doesn't seem to be trying to create a credible character".[39] Despite that, Benson considers that Connery "still radiates more screen presence than Roger Moore or George Lazenby".[39] On the other hand, Pauline Kael said "Connery's James Bond is less lecherous than before and less foppish—and he's better this way".[40]
In the early 1980s producer Jack Schwartzman moved ahead with a non-Eon Bond film, following the controversy over the 1961 novel Thunderball[41] and the subsequent long legal battle;[42] the result was Never Say Never Again. Connery accepted an offer to play Bond once more, asking for (and receiving) a fee of $3 million ($7 million in 2016 dollars),[43] a percentage of the profits, as well as casting, director and script approval.[44] The script has several references to Bond's advancing years—playing on Connery being 52 at the time of filming.[44][45] David Robinson, reviewing the film for The Times considered that, "Connery ... is back, looking hardly a day older or thicker, and still outclassing every other exponent of the role, in the goodnatured throwaway with which he parries all the sex and violence on the way".[46] In 2003 Bond, as portrayed by Connery, was selected as the third-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute.[47]
Sean Connery as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]
1962
Dr. No 0.1[d]
1963
From Russia with Love 0.3
1964
Goldfinger 0.5
1965
Thunderball 0.8
1967
You Only Live Twice 0.8 + 25% net merchandise royalty
1971
Diamonds Are Forever 1.2 + 12.5% of gross[e]
1983
Never Say Never Again (Non-Eon film) 3.0 + unknown % of profits[44]
David Niven: 1967[edit]
David Niven starred in the 1967 film Casino Royale
When Sean Connery had been cast in November 1961,[51] David Niven had been Fleming's choice for the role as the actor reflected his image of the character.[12] In 1965 producer Charles Feldman signed Niven to play Sir James Bond for Casino Royale, a film not made by Eon Productions. Connery and Peter Sellers had both turned down the role.[52][53] Niven was 56 when he played Bond[54] and his characterisation was that of an elderly man who had won the Victoria Cross at the Siege of Mafeking, had a daughter by his lover, the spy Mata Hari, played Claude Debussy on the piano, ate royal jelly and cultivated black roses.[55][56] The concept of Bond is that once Niven's Bond retired, his name and 007 designation was passed to another agent to keep the legend alive; James Chapman notes that the implication was that the "other Bond" was that played by Connery.[57]
Chapman considered the concept of an elderly Bond to be an interesting one, with Bond referring to Connery's Bond as a "sexual acrobat who leaves a trail of beautiful dead women behind like blown roses".[57] In line with the literary Bond, Niven's character drives a vintage Bentley, rather than the Aston Martin favoured by Connery.[57] Bond scholar Steven Jay Rubin thought Niven perfectly cast as the retired Bond, and saw him as "a throw-back to the hell-for-leather adventure heroes" of the character, which paralleled Niven's own life and career.[58] Barnes and Hearn describe this as a "perfectly fair interpretation", given the way Niven approached the role,[59] while Raymond Benson thinks casting Niven was "intelligent".[60] Jeremy Black questioned the use of Niven in the role, observing that he did not seem to be a killer, and did not have the "disconcerting edge" that Connery had.[12]
David Niven as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]
1967
Casino Royale (Non-Eon film) Unknown
George Lazenby: 1969[edit]
George Lazenby's Bond (r) marrying Tracy (Diana Rigg). Thus far, Tracy is the only Bond girl to actually marry 007
With the departure of Connery after You Only Live Twice, Broccoli and director Peter R. Hunt chose Australian George Lazenby to play the role of Bond. He first came to their attention after seeing him in a Fry's Chocolate Cream advertisement.[61] Lazenby dressed the part by sporting several sartorial Bond elements such as a Rolex Submariner wristwatch and a Savile Row suit (ordered, but uncollected, by Connery), and going to Connery's barber at the Dorchester Hotel.[62] Lazenby consolidated his claim during a screen test, when he accidentally punched a professional wrestler, who was acting as stunt coordinator, in the face, impressing Broccoli with his ability to display aggression.[63] Lazenby never signed a contract, with negotiations dragging on during production,[64] and he was subsequently convinced by his agent Ronan O'Rahilly that the secret agent would be archaic in the liberated 1970s; as a result he left the role before the release of On Her Majesty's Secret Service in 1969.[61] For his performance as Bond, Lazenby was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor at the 27th Golden Globe Awards.[65]

Critical opinion was split about Lazenby; he has been considered to have been the worst Bond,[66] and has variously been described as "laconic and humourless",[18] "a little stiff"[67] and "annoying and smug".[68] Derek Malcolm of The Guardian was dismissive of Lazenby's performance, saying that he "is not a good actor and though I never thought Sean Connery was all that stylish either, there are moments when one yearns for a little of his louche panache".[69] The New York Times critic AH Weiler also weighed in against Lazenby, saying that "Lazenby, if not a spurious Bond, is merely a casual, pleasant, satisfactory replacement".[70] Pauline Kael called Lazenby "quite a dull fellow" in her otherwise positive review in The New Yorker.[71] However, Peter R. Hunt, director of On Her Majesty's Secret Service, stated that Lazenby should have undertaken more films in the role, saying "he would have made a very credible Bond and been very good indeed".[72]
Smith and Lavington consider that Lazenby "had chosen to play Bond the same way as Sean Connery had, with perhaps more humility and humanity";[73] they went on to say that "Lazenby's inexperience rarely shows" in the film, and that "he invariably rises to the occasion".[74] Alexander Walker in the London Evening Standard said that, "The truth is that George Lazenby is almost as good a James Bond as the man referred to in his film as 'the other fellow'. Lazenby's voice is more suave than sexy-sinister and he could pass for the other fellow's twin on the shady side of the casino. Bond is now definitely all set for the Seventies".[75] Judith Crist of New York Magazine commented that, "This time around there's less suavity and a no-nonsense muscularity and maleness to the role via the handsome Mr. Lazenby".[76] Feminist film critic Molly Haskell wrote an approving review in the Village Voice: "Lazenby ... seems more comfortable in a wet tuxedo than a dry martini, more at ease as a donnish genealogist than reading (or playing) Playboy, and who actually dares to think that one woman who is his equal is better than a thousand part-time playmates".[77]
James Chapman considers that Lazenby looks the part of Bond, identifying his athleticism and "arrogant swagger", which "convey the snobbery of the character".[78] Chapman also distinguished a more vulnerable and human characterisation in Bond—feeling exhausted and falling in love—as opposed to the "heroic superman" of Connery.[78] Brian Fairbanks noted that "OHMSS gives us a James Bond capable of vulnerability, a man who can show fear and is not immune to heartbreak. Lazenby is that man, and his performance is superb".[79] Ben Macintyre also observed that of all the Bonds, Lazenby's characterisation was closest to that of Fleming's original character.[18]
George Lazenby as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]
1969
On Her Majesty's Secret Service 0.1
Roger Moore: 1972–1985[edit]
Roger Moore in 1973, photographed by Allan Warren.
After Diamonds Are Forever, Broccoli and Saltzman tried to convince Sean Connery to return as Bond, but he declined.[80] After considering Jeremy Brett, Michael Billington and Julian Glover,[81][82] the two producers finally turned to Roger Moore, who they had previously discussed for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, but who had been unavailable, and he was ultimately cast to play Bond in Live and Let Die.[63][83] At the time Moore was an established television actor, known for his performances as Simon Templar in The Saint and Lord Brett Sinclair in The Persuaders!: in both of which he played a "charming, debonair, international playboy".[84] When playing Bond, Moore tried not to imitate either Connery or his previous roles, and screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz fitted the screenplay around Moore's persona by giving more comedy scenes and a light-hearted feel to Bond,[80] an approach that led Raymond Benson to describe Moore's Bond as "a rather smarmy, eyebrow-raising international playboy who never seemed to get hurt".[85]
Film writer Andrew Spicer considered Roger Moore to be the most elegant and mannerly of the Bonds, with the voice and style of an English debonair country gentleman.[86] Benson agreed, stating that Moore was, "too nice and well-mannered to be a James Bond of any real substance",[23] while Doug Pratt said that "the writers worked out an amenable personality for Roger Moore and found a breezy balance between comedy and action".[87] To make Moore's character appear tougher, a Smith & Wesson .44 Magnum — which at the time was associated with the macho image of the Clint Eastwood character, Dirty Harry — was chosen for Moore to use in Live and Let Die rather than Bond's usual choice of Walther PPK.[88]
Spicer says "Roger Moore re-created Bond as an old-style debonair hero, more polished and sophisticated than Connery's incarnation, using the mocking insouciance he had perfected in his role as Simon Templar ... Moore's humour was a throwaway, and certainly in the later films, verged on self-parody. It was an essential strand in the increasingly tongue-in-cheek direction of the series which became more light-hearted, knowing and playfully intertextual".[86] Chapman noted that Moore was the most comedic of the Bonds, with a more light-hearted approach to playing the character with a mocking wit and innuendo.[84] Additionally, Moore's one-liners were delivered in a way to suggest that the violence inherent in the films was a joke, as opposed to Connery's, which was used to mitigate the violence.[89] Moore explained his approach to the humour by saying "to me, the Bond situations are so ridiculous ... I mean, this man is supposed to be a spy, and yet everybody knows he's a spy ... it's outrageous. So you have to treat the humour outrageously as well".[90]
Pauline Kael was a fairly vocal critic of Moore's, dismissing him as an "iceberg" in The Man with the Golden Gun. In reviewing For Your Eyes Only, she wrote "Roger Moore is Bond again, and his idea of Bond's imperturbable cool is the same as playing dead". Reviewing Moonraker, she wrote "Roger Moore is dutiful and passive as Bond; his clothes are neatly pressed and he shows up for work, like an office manager who is turning into dead wood but hanging on to collect his pension". Only in The Spy Who Loved Me, one of Kael's favourite Bond films, did she praise him describing him as self-effacing: "Moore gets the chance to look scared—an emotion that suits him and makes him more likable".[71]
A number of Moore's personal preferences were transferred into his characterisation of Bond: his taste for Cuban cigars and his wearing of safari suits were assigned to the character.[91] Moore's use for cigars in his early films put him in contrast to the cigarette-smoking Connery, Lazenby and Dalton.[92] By the time of Moore's fifth film, For Your Eyes Only, released in 1981, his characterisation had come to represent an old-fashioned character, in contrast to the fashionability Connery had brought to the role in the 1960s.[93]
In 1985 Moore appeared in his seventh and final film, A View to a Kill; he was 57 (he appeared alongside co-star Tanya Roberts, who was 30).[94] Critics focused on Moore's age:[95] The Washington Post said "Moore isn't just long in the tooth – he's got tusks, and what looks like an eye job has given him the pie-eyed blankness of a zombie. He's not believable anymore in the action sequences, even less so in the romantic scenes".[96] When he was cast for the film, Moore recalled that he felt "a bit long in the tooth",[97] and in December 2007 admitted that he "was only about four hundred years too old for the part".[98] Like Connery, Moore appeared as Bond in seven films; by the time he retired in 1985, he was the oldest actor to play 007 in the Eon series,[99] and his Bond films had earned over $1 billion at the box office.[100]
Roger Moore as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48][101]
1973
Live and Let Die 0.18[101]
1974
man !The Man with the Golden Gun 0.24 + 2.5%[101]
1977
spy !The Spy Who Loved Me 0.3 + 3.75%[101]
1979
Moonraker Unknown
1981
For Your Eyes Only Unknown
1983
Octopussy 4.0
1985
view !A View to a Kill 5.0
Timothy Dalton: 1986–1994[edit]
With the retirement of Roger Moore in 1985, a search for a new actor to play Bond took place that saw a number of actors, including Sam Neill,[102] Pierce Brosnan[103] and Timothy Dalton audition for the role in 1986. Bond co-producer Michael G. Wilson, director John Glen, Dana and Barbara Broccoli "were impressed with Sam Neill and very much wanted to use him", although Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli was not sold on the actor.[104] Dalton and Brosnan were both considered by Eon,[105][106] but after Brosnan was eventually ruled out by his Remington Steele contract,[103] Dalton was appointed in August 1986[107] on a salary of $5.2 million.[36] When he was either 24 or 25 years old Dalton had discussed playing Bond with Broccoli, but decided he was too young to accept the role, thinking Bond should be played between 35 and 40 years old.[105] In preparing for the role, Dalton, a green-eyed, dark haired, slender, 6'2" (1 m 88 cm) classically trained Shakespearean actor,[108] was keen to portray the character as accurately as possible, reading up extensively on the books before his role in The Living Daylights (1987). [109]
Timothy Dalton played Bond twice, in 1987 and 1989
Dalton's Bond was a serious one: dark, cold, emotional, stern, ruthless, showing little humour, and focused as a killer with little time for fun and indulgence.[18][110] Dalton's interpretation of the character came from his "desire to see a darker Bond",[111] one that was "less of a womaniser, tougher and closer to the darker character Ian Fleming wrote about".[111] James Chapman also considered Dalton to be closer to Fleming's Bond than the previous actors, writing that Dalton was "clearly less comfortable ... with the witty asides and one-liners ... so he becomes something closer to the Bond of the books, who rarely develops a sense of humour".[112] When reviewing Licence to Kill, Iain Johnstone of The Sunday Times disagreed, declaring that "any vestiges of the gentleman spy ... by Ian Fleming" have now gone;[113] he went on to say that "this character is remarkably close both in deed and action to the eponymous hero of the new Batman film".[113]
Not all viewers were taken with Dalton. Jay Scott of The Globe and Mail was entirely dismissive. "The new Bond has been widely described in feature stories as a throwback to the Ian Fleming original (studying the Fleming novels, Dalton was pleased to discover that Bond was a human being, he says), and that may be true, if the Fleming original lacked charm, sex appeal and wit. Timothy Dalton's Bond is a serious bloke who swallows his words and approaches his job with responsibility and humanity, and eschews promiscuity – Dirtless Harry. You get the feeling that on his off nights, he might curl up with the Reader's Digest and catch an episode of Moonlighting – he'd try to memorize the jokes – before nodding off under the influence of Ovaltine. The British reviews of The Living Daylights have been laudatory, perhaps because this Bond is the most British of all, if British is to be understood as a synonym for reserved".[114]
Raymond Benson noted that Dalton "purposely played Bond as a ruthless and serious man with very little of the wit displayed by Connery, Lazenby or Moore",[115] and considered him to be "the most accurate and literal interpretation of the role ... ever seen on screen".[116] His character also reflected a degree of moral ambiguity; in Licence to Kill, for instance, he becomes a rogue agent,[86] while Dalton himself saw the character as a "man, not a superhuman; a man who is beset with moral confusions and apathies and uncertainties, and who is often very frightened and nervous and tense".[116] Smith and Lavington observed that during Dalton's portrayal in Licence to Kill, Bond appeared "self-absorbed ... reckless, brutal, prone to nervous laughter and ... probably insane, or at least seriously disturbed.[117] In the light of Licence to Kill, one academic, Martin Willis, referred to Dalton's Bond as a "muscular vigilante".[118] Steven Jay Rubin noted that Dalton's films had "a hard-edged reality and some unflinching violent episodes that were better suited to Dalton's more realistic approach to the character".[119] Rubin considered Dalton's portrayal to be "Fleming's Bond ... the suffering Bond".[120] In contrast to the previous incarnations of the character, Smith and Lavington identified Dalton's humour as "brooding rather than flippant";[121] combined with his heavy smoking, they considered him "an effective leading man".[121] Eoghan Lyng, writing for The James Bond Dossier, favourably compared him to Daniel Craig, stating that "Despite chronological placement, it was Dalton, not Brosnan, who proved to be the prototype for the 21st century Bond.".[122] Although Bond screenwriter Richard Maibaum called Sean Connery the best Bond, he considered Dalton the best actor of the four he worked with.[123] His predecessor, Roger Moore also felt that Dalton was the best actor to play Bond.[124]
Dalton's films did not perform as well at the box office as most of the previous films. Commentators such as Screen International considered the Bond series had run its course in the age of series such as Indiana Jones and Lethal Weapon.[125] Edward P. Comentale observed that "Dalton, for all his occasional flat northern vowels, was probably too much the stage actor to be convincing as an action hero in the age of Willis, Schwarzenegger and Stallone".[126] After just two films—The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill—litigation ensued over the licensing of the Bond catalogue, delaying what would have been Dalton's third film by several years. His six-year contract expired in 1993 and he left the series in 1994.[127]
Timothy Dalton as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]
1987
living !The Living Daylights 3.0
1989
Licence to Kill 5.0
Pierce Brosnan: 1994–2004[edit]
Pierce Brosnan at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival
After Timothy Dalton retired from the Bond role in 1994, Eon turned to the actor they had considered after A View to a Kill: Pierce Brosnan.[103] He was offered a three-film contract, with an option on a fourth;[128] his salary for his first film, GoldenEye, was $4 million, which rose to $16.5 million for his fourth and final outing, Die Another Day.[36] Brosnan had first met Broccoli on the set of For Your Eyes Only, when Brosnan's wife, Cassandra Harris, was appearing in the film as Countess Lisl von Schlaf, and the couple lunched with Broccoli during filming.[81] Brosnan went on to play a criminal-turned-private investigator in Remington Steele in the 1980s,[99] where he captured some of the traits of previous Bonds in playing the role: like Moore, he exemplified a high degree of suavity, elegance, charm and wit,[18][129][130] but displayed a masculinity and grittiness on occasion reminiscent of Connery's Bond, both successfully "combine the character's Englishness with a classless internationalism that is highly knowing".[131] Andrew Spicer says that "Brosnan's frame carries the 'Armani look' with its refined understated Englishness, to perfection. His lithe, sinuous athleticism is well suited to the fast-paced action and state-of-the-art gadgetry that retains the series' core appeal".[131] James Chapman also considered Brosnan's appearance striking, saying the actor had "old-fashioned, darkly handsome matinee idol looks".[132]
With Brosnan, the Bond writers knew that because of the changes in public attitudes, he could not be as overtly sexual and dominant over women as Connery's Bond, and was denounced by M in Goldeneye to be a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur, a relic of the Cold War".[131] Brosnan was seen by many as the quintessential James Bond in appearance and manner; displaying an air of coolness, elegance and a grace which made him believable as an international playboy, if not purely as an assassin. John G. Stackhouse for instance argues that it is preposterous that any man as strikingly handsome as Brosnan and Connery could be a secret agent, saying, "When Sean Connery or Pierce Brosnan enters a room, everyone notices. Thus it is ridiculous to suppose that James Bond, looking like that, could be a secret agent for longer than about two seconds".[133]
Brosnan's Bond was introduced in Goldeneye; James Chapman argues that the film works his portrayal of Bond into the history of the others in the series through the post-credits sequence use of the Aston Martin DB5, previously seen in Goldfinger and Thunderball, "thus immediately evoking the memory of [Sean] Connery".[134] Brosnan's characterisation of Bond was seen by Jeremy Black as being "closer to the Fleming novels than Moore ... yet he is also lighter and less intense than Dalton".[135] Black also commented that the shift in character in the first three films reflected changing social opinions, with Bond not smoking.[136] Brosnan was clear he wanted to change Bond's smoking habit, saying "I don't give a damn about everyone's perception of the character: I think smoking causes cancer therefore he doesn't smoke",[128] although he did smoke a Cuban cigar in Die Another Day.[137] Brosnan continued with the use of humour prevalent with other portrayals,[138] and provided a "mix of action and danger threaded through with the right amount of wit and humour";[139] Smith and Lavington saw the humour largely as puns that were "flippant, but not crass".[140]
After four films in the role, Brosnan stated he wished to do one final Bond film. Although plans were made for a film to be released in 2004, negotiations stalled and Brosnan announced his intention to leave in July 2004.[141]
Pierce Brosnan as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]
1995
GoldenEye 4.0
1997
Tomorrow Never Dies 8.2
1999
world !The World Is Not Enough 12.4
2002
Die Another Day 16.5
Daniel Craig: 2005–present[edit]
Daniel Craig at the Berlin premiere of Spectre in October 2015.
On 14 October 2005 Eon Productions, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Sony Pictures Entertainment announced at a press conference in London that Daniel Craig would be the sixth actor to portray Bond in the Eon series (although seventh film Bond overall).[142] A tuxedo- and lifejacket-clad Craig arrived via a Royal Navy speedboat.[143] Craig had based his acceptance of the role on the strength of the script for the first film, Casino Royale; he later recalled that "once I sat down and read the story, I just thought that I wanted to tell [it] ... I'm a big Bond fan, and I love what he represents".[144] Significant controversy followed the decision, with some critics and fans expressing doubt the producers had made the right choice. Throughout the entire production period, Internet campaigns such as danielcraigisnotbond.com expressed their dissatisfaction and threatened to boycott the film in protest.[145] Craig, unlike previous actors, was not considered by the protesters to fit the tall, dark, handsome and charismatic image of Bond to which viewers had been accustomed.[146] Many disparagingly called him "James Blonde", believing the 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) blond-haired blue-eyed rugged Craig to be far fitting from the traditional tall, dark and suave actors who had earlier portrayed him. The Daily Mirror ran a front page news story critical of Craig, with the headline, The Name's Bland – James Bland.[147]
Craig first played Bond in the 2006 film Casino Royale, an adaptation of Fleming's novel of the same name and a reboot of the Eon series,[148] which saw Bond earn his 00 status.[149] Despite the negative press on his appointment, Craig was widely praised by critics and former Bonds after the release of Casino Royale, believing him to have been the first actor to truly nail Fleming's character in the book: Todd McCarthy, reviewing the film for Variety, considered that "Craig comes closer to the author's original conception of this exceptionally long-lived male fantasy figure than anyone since early Sean Connery",[150] and he went on to say that "Craig once and for all claims the character as his own",[150] while Steven Spielberg called Craig "the perfect 21st-century Bond".[151] Paul Arendt, writing for the BBC, agreed, observing that "Daniel Craig is not a good Bond. He's a great Bond. Specifically, he is 007 as conceived by Ian Fleming—a professional killing machine, a charming, cold-hearted patriot with a taste for luxury. Craig is the first actor to really nail 007's defining characteristic: he's an absolute swine".[152] James Chapman commented on the realism and violence in the film noting that Bond is seen to seriously bleed for the first time in the series; Chapman also identified a number of violent scenes which make Casino Royale notable in the series.[153] In 2012 Skyfall was released: it was Craig's third outing as 007. Reviewing the film, Philip French, writing in The Observer, considered that Craig managed to "get out of the shadow of Connery",[154] while the New Statesman thought that he had "relaxed into Bond without losing any steeliness".[155]
Daniel Craig as James Bond in:
Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]
2006
Casino Royale 3.4
2008
Quantum of Solace 8.9
2012
Skyfall 17[156]
2015
Spectre 39[157]
2019
Bond 25 TBA
Notes and references[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ The cigarettes Bond smoked were the same as Fleming's, who had been buying his at Morland of Grosvenor Street since the 1930s; the three gold bands on the filter were added during the war to mirror his naval Commander's rank.[7] Fleming himself smoked up to 80 cigarettes a day.[8]
Jump up ^ Fleming later adapted the background of the literary character in You Only Live Twice to have a Scottish heritage,[23][24] although Fleming himself was part Scottish. Correspondence dating back to 1960 shows that Fleming contacted a Scottish nobleman to help research Bond's family history, in particular seeking a Scottish Bond line.[25]
Jump up ^ After both sides agreed to the deal, Connery used the fee to establish the Scottish International Education Trust, where Scottish artists could apply for funding without having to leave their country to pursue their careers. Since John Gavin, who had been signed to play Bond, was no longer required, Broccoli insisted that he be paid in full. The first film made under Connery's deal was The Offence directed by his friend Sidney Lumet. The second was to be an adaptation of Macbeth by William Shakespeare using only Scottish actors and in which Connery himself would play the title role. This project was abandoned because another production of Macbeth (the Roman Polanski version) was already in production.[38]
Jump up ^ Balio sets Connery's compensation for Dr. No at $154,000: $54,000 as salary and $100,000 as a bonus.[49]
Jump up ^ Balio claims Connery was paid a straight 12.5% of the gross. Diamonds are Forever grossed $42 million so Connery received over $5 million from which he gave $1.25 million to the Scottish International Education Trust.[50]
References
^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre 2008, p. 65.
Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 190.
Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 176.
Jump up ^ Lycett 1996, p. 257.
Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 90.
Jump up ^ Cabrera Infante 1985, p. 212.
Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 70.
Jump up ^ Burns, John F (19 May 2008). "Remembering Fleming, Ian Fleming". London: The New York Times. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian (5 April 1958). ""The Exclusive Bond" Mr. Fleming on his hero". The Manchester Guardian. Manchester. p. 4.
Jump up ^ Hellman, Geoffrey T. (21 April 1962). "Bond's Creator". Talk of the Town. New York: The New Yorker. p. 32. Retrieved 12 September 2012. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ McFarlane, Brian. "Connery, Sean (1930–)". Screenonline. London: British Film Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Black 2005, p. 113.
Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, pp. 9–10.
Jump up ^ Broccoli 1998, p. 166.
Jump up ^ Parker 1993, p. 112.
Jump up ^ Gayson, Eunice (1999). Audio commentary (DVD). Dr. No: MGM Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Benson, Raymond. "Can the Cinematic Bond Ever Be the Literary Bond?": 7. In Yeffeth 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Macintyre 2008, p. 204.
Jump up ^ Connery, Sean (August 2012). "Being Bond". MI6 Confidential (16): 28.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 64.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 76.
Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 13.
^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 164.
Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 75.
Jump up ^ Helfenstein 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Black 2005, p. 114.
Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 134.
^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 170.
Jump up ^ Moore 2012, p. 152.
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^ Jump up to: a b Fallaci 1968, p. 29.
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Jump up ^ UK Consumer Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Gregory Clark (2016), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", MeasuringWorth.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Block & Autrey Wilson 2010, p. 429.
Jump up ^ Feeney Callan 2002, p. 217.
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^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 192.
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Jump up ^ Poliakoff, Keith (2000). "License to Copyright – The Ongoing Dispute Over the Ownership of James Bond" (PDF). Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal. Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. 18: 387–436. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b Inside On Her Majesty's Secret Service (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
Jump up ^ "De 'vergeten' 007". Andere Tijden. Amsterdam. 19 November 2002. VPRO. Nederland 2.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 82.
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Jump up ^ "The 27th Annual Golden Globe Awards (1970)". Golden Globe Awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
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Jump up ^ Murphy, K (23 February 2002). "Eye spy with my little eye, something not beginning with Sean". The Australian. Surrey Hills, NSW. p. 25.
Jump up ^ Malcolm, Derek (16 December 1969). "Off the peg Bond". The Guardian. London. p. 8.
Jump up ^ Weiler, AH (19 December 1969). "Screen: New James Bond". The New York Times. New York. p. 68.
^ Jump up to: a b Kael 1985.
Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 27.
Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 117.
Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 102.
Jump up ^ Walker, Alexander (16 December 1969). "Review". Evening Standard. London. p. 36.
Jump up ^ Crist, Judith (12 January 1970). "Movies – Hello, Barbra – After a Fashion". New York. New York: 14.
Jump up ^ Haskell, Molly (25 December 1969). "James Bond Friday: On her Majesty's Secret Service". The Village Voice. New York. p. 12.
^ Jump up to: a b Chapman 2009, p. 115.
Jump up ^ Fairbanks 2005, p. 258.
^ Jump up to: a b Inside Live and Let Die (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 137.
Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 105.
Jump up ^ Bond 1973: The Lost Documentary (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b Chapman 2009, p. 124.
Jump up ^ Yeffeth 2006, p. 9.
^ Jump up to: a b c Spicer 2003, p. 185.
Jump up ^ Pratt 2005, p. 1140.
Jump up ^ Spicer 2003, p. 129.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, pp. 124–125.
Jump up ^ Life Magazine 2012, p. 61.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 125.
Jump up ^ Life Magazine 2012, p. 118.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, pp. 170–171.
Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 206.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 194.
Jump up ^ Attanasio, Paul (24 May 1985). "As Bond, Moore Is Less". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. p. B47.
Jump up ^ Moore 2008, p. 255.
Jump up ^ Pahwa, Kiran (1 May 2008). "Roger Moore admits stretching Bond stint too long". Top News. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Life Magazine 2012, p. 55.
Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 29.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Balio 1987, p. 266.
Jump up ^ Michael G. Wilson (2000). Inside The Living Daylights (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment.
^ Jump up to: a b c Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 168.
Jump up ^ Broccoli 1998, p. 281.
^ Jump up to: a b Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 30.
Jump up ^ Paterson 2012, p. 64.
Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 170.
Jump up ^ Paterson 2012, p. 59.
Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, pp. 98–99.
Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 141.
^ Jump up to: a b Moore 2012, p. 160.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 198.
^ Jump up to: a b Johnstone, Iain (18 June 1989). "Bond flies in like a bat out of hell; Arts". The Sunday Times. London. p. C7.
Jump up ^ Scott, Jay (3 August 1987). "The Living Daylights: Dalton serves up lethargic James Bond. A licence to bore?". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. p. C.7.
Jump up ^ Yeffeth 2006, p. 10.
^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 259.
Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 225.
Jump up ^ Lindner 2009, p. 169.
Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 97.
Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 99.
^ Jump up to: a b Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 213.
Jump up ^ "Timothy Dalton: The Problem Eliminator". The James Bond Dossier. 21 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Aljean (9 July 1989). "Creating a Thriller, Their Words Are Their Bond". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Walker, Tim (25 October 2015). "Bond row looms as Roger Moore says 007 can't be gay - or a woman". Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 211.
Jump up ^ Comentale, Watt & Willman 2005, p. 139.
Jump up ^ Moore 2012, pp. 161–2.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 186.
Jump up ^ Mizejewski 2004, p. 75.
Jump up ^ Charles et al. 2011, p. 147.
^ Jump up to: a b c Spicer 2003, p. 186.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 214.
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Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 220.
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Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 161.
Jump up ^ Everett 2012, p. 214.
Jump up ^ Jütting 2007, p. 50.
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Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 242.
Jump up ^ Moore 2012, p. 165.
Jump up ^ "Daniel Craig confirmed as 006th screen Bond". The Guardian. London. 14 October 2005. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Baracaia, Alexa (14 October 2005). "Meet the new James Bond ... very shaken and stirred". Evening Standard. London. p. 3.
Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 35.
Jump up ^ LaPorte, Nicole (27 November 2006). "Auds grow fond of 'short,' 'blond' Bond". Variety. Los Angeles. p. 3.
Jump up ^ La Monica, Paul R. (6 November 2006). "Blond, James Blond". CNN. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Cummins, Fiona (15 October 2005). "The Name's Bland.. James Bland". Daily Mirror. London. Archived from the original on 14 April 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Robey, Tim (12 January 2011). "Sam Mendes may have problems directing new James Bond movie". The Daily Telegraph. London.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 242.
^ Jump up to: a b McCarthy, Todd (13 November 2006). "The Bond supremacy". Variety. Los Angeles. p. 44.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau 2006, p. 148.
Jump up ^ Arendt, Paul (17 November 2006). "Casino Royale (2006)". BBC Online. BBC. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 245.
Jump up ^ French, Philip (28 October 2012). "Skyfall – review". The Observer. London. p. 32.
Jump up ^ Gilbey, Ryan (29 October 2012). "Skyfall—review". New Statesman. London. ISSN 1364-7431.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Richard (18 November 2012). "Craig in £31m deal to film two more Bonds". The Sunday Times. London. pp. 4–5.
Jump up ^ Alicia Adejobi (25 October 2015). "Spectre movie in numbers: Daniel Craig salary, film budget and James Bond theme tune sales". International Business Times. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Ash, Russell (2007). Top 10 of Everything 2008. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61678-8.
Balio, Tino (1987). " '007' A License to Print Money". United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry. 2. Madison: Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-23013-5.
Barnes, Alan; Hearn, Marcus (2001). Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion. London: Batsford Books. ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2.
Bouzereau, Laurent (2006). The Art of Bond: From storyboard to screen: the creative process behind the James Bond phenomenon. London: Boxtree. ISBN 978-0-7522-1551-8.
Benson, Raymond (1988). The James Bond Bedside Companion. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85283-233-9.
Bishop, Des (2011). My Dad Was Nearly James Bond. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-197228-2.
Black, Jeremy (2005). The Politics of James Bond: from Fleming's Novel to the Big Screen. Westport: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-6240-9.
Block, Alex Ben; Autrey Wilson, Lucy (2010). George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-177889-6.
Bray, Christopher (2010). Sean Connery; The measure of a Man. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-23807-1.
Broccoli, Albert R (1998). When the Snow Melts. London: Boxtree. ISBN 978-0-7522-1162-6.
Cabrera Infante, Guillermo (1985). Holy Smoke. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-015432-5.
Chancellor, Henry (2005). James Bond: The Man and His World. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6815-2.
Chapman, James (2009). Licence to Thrill: A Cultural History of the James Bond Films. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-515-9.
Charles, John; Clark, Candace; Hamilton-Selway, Joanne; Morrison, Joanna (2011). The Readers' Advisory Guide to Mystery. Chicago: ALA Editions. ISBN 978-0-8389-1113-6.
Comentale, Edward P; Watt, Stephen; Willman, Skip (2005). Ian Fleming & James Bond: the cultural politics of 007. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21743-1.
Cork, John; Stutz, Collin (2007). James Bond Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-1-4053-3427-3.
Everett, Anna (2012). Pretty People: Movie Stars of the 1990s. Piscataway: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-5325-2.
Fallaci, Oriana (1968). The Egotists: Sixteen Surprising Interviews. Chicago: H. Regnery Co. ISBN 978-99908-989-6-5.
Fairbanks, Brian W. (2005). Brian W. Fairbanks – Writings. Raleigh: Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4116-2432-0.
Feeney Callan, Michael (2002). Sean Connery. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-1-85227-992-9.
Helfenstein, Charles (2009). The Making of On Her Majesty's Secret Service. London: Spies Publishing. ISBN 0-9844126-0-3.
Jütting, Kerstin (2007). "Grow Up, 007!" – James Bond Over the Decades: Formula Vs. Innovation. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-638-85372-9.
Kael, Pauline (1985). 5001 Nights at the Movies: A Guide From A to Z. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-0619-3.
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Lindner, Christoph (2009). The James Bond Phenomenon: a Critical Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6541-5.
Lycett, Andrew (1996). Ian Fleming. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-1-85799-783-5.
Macintyre, Ben (2008). For Your Eyes Only. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7475-9527-4.
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Parker, John (1993). Sean Connery. Chicago: McGraw-Hill Contemporary. ISBN 978-0-8092-3668-8.
Paterson, Michael (2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts James Bond. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 978-1-4463-5613-5.
Pratt, Doug (2005). Doug Pratt's DVD: Movies, Television, Music, Art, Adult, and More!. New York: Harbor Electronic Publishing. ISBN 978-1-932916-01-0.
Pfeiffer, Lee; Worrall, Dave (1998). The essential Bond. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7522-2477-0.
Rubin, Steven Jay (2003). The Complete James Bond Movie Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141246-8.
Simpson, Paul (2002). The Rough Guide to James Bond. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-142-5.
Smith, Jim; Lavington, Stephen (2002). Bond Films. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0709-4.
Spicer, Andrew (3 October 2003). Typical Men: The Representation of Masculinity in Popular British Cinema. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-931-8.
Stackhouse, John G. (2008). Making the Best of It: Following Christ in the Real World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-988392-9.
Walker, Alexander (1981). Peter Sellers. Littlehampton: Littlehampton Book Services. ISBN 978-0-297-77965-0.
Yeffeth, Glenn, ed. (2006). James Bond in the 21st century: why we still need 007. Dallas: BenBella Books. ISBN 978-1-933771-02-1.
External links[edit]
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James Bond novels and short stories
James Bond
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Ian Fleming
Casino Royale (1953)
Live and Let Die (1954)
Moonraker (1955)
Diamonds Are Forever (1956)
From Russia, with Love (1957)
Dr. No (1958)
Goldfinger (1959)
For Your Eyes Only (1960)
Thunderball (1961)
The Spy Who Loved Me (1962)
On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1963)
You Only Live Twice (1964)
The Man with the Golden Gun (1965)
Octopussy and The Living Daylights (1966)
Kingsley Amis
Colonel Sun (1968)
John Gardner
Licence Renewed (1981)
For Special Services (1982)
Icebreaker (1983)
Role of Honour (1984)
Nobody Lives for Ever (1986)
No Deals, Mr. Bond (1987)
Scorpius (1988)
Win, Lose or Die (1989)
Brokenclaw (1990)
The Man from Barbarossa (1991)
Death is Forever (1992)
Never Send Flowers (1993)
SeaFire (1994)
Cold (1996)
Raymond Benson
Zero Minus Ten (1997)
The Facts of Death (1998)
High Time to Kill (1999)
DoubleShot (2000)
Never Dream of Dying (2001)
The Man with the Red Tattoo (2002)
Sebastian Faulks
Devil May Care (2008)
Jeffery Deaver
Carte Blanche (2011)
William Boyd
Solo (2013)
Anthony Horowitz
Trigger Mortis (2015)
Novelizations
Christopher Wood
James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
James Bond and Moonraker (1979)
John Gardner
Licence to Kill (1989)
GoldenEye (1995)
Raymond Benson
Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
The World Is Not Enough (1999)
Die Another Day (2002)
Spin-off works
R. D. Mascott
The Adventures of James Bond Junior 003½ (1967)
John Pearson
James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 (1973)
Young Bond series
Charlie Higson
SilverFin (2005)
Blood Fever (2006)
Double or Die (2007)
Hurricane Gold (2007)
By Royal Command (2008)
Young Bond series
Steve Cole
Shoot to Kill (2014)
Heads You Die (2016)
The Moneypenny Diaries
Samantha Weinberg
Guardian Angel (2005)
Secret Servant (2006)
Final Fling (2008)
Uncollected
short stories
Raymond Benson
"Blast from the Past" (1997)
"Midsummer Night's Doom" (1999)
"Live at Five" (1999)
Samantha Weinberg
"For Your Eyes Only, James" (2006)
"Moneypenny's First Date with Bond" (2006)
Charlie Higson
"A Hard Man to Kill" (2009)
Unofficial works
"Some Are Born Great" (1959)
"Bond Strikes Camp"" (1963)
"Holmes Meets 007" (1964)
"Toadstool" (1966)
Take Over (1970)
The Killing Zone (1985)
"License to Hug" (1995)
"Your Deal, Mr. Bond" (1997)
Licence Expired: The Unauthorized James Bond (2015)
Unpublished works
Per Fine Ounce (1966)
"The Heart of Erzulie" (2002)
Related works
Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report (1964)
The James Bond Dossier (1965)
The Book of Bond (1965)
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Soundtracks
Dr. No
From Russia with Love
Goldfinger
Thunderball
You Only Live Twice
On Her Majesty's Secret Service
Diamonds Are Forever
Live and Let Die
The Man with the Golden Gun
The Spy Who Loved Me
Moonraker
For Your Eyes Only
Octopussy
A View to a Kill
The Living Daylights
Licence to Kill
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Eon themes
"Kingston Calypso"
"From Russia with Love"
"Goldfinger"
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"For Your Eyes Only"
"All Time High"
"A View to a Kill"
"The Living Daylights"
"Where Has Everybody Gone?"
"Licence to Kill"
"If You Asked Me To"
"GoldenEye"
"Tomorrow Never Dies"
"The World Is Not Enough"
"Die Another Day"
"You Know My Name"
"Another Way to Die"
"Skyfall"
"Writing's on the Wall"
Non-Eon themes
"Casino Royale"
"The Look of Love"
"Never Say Never Again"
Compilations
Shaken and Stirred
The Incredible World of James Bond
The Best of Bond...James Bond
Related articles
Eon films secondary songs
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text:
List of Bollywood actresses
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of notable actresses who have starred in Bollywood films as a lead role.
Contents
[hide]
1 1930s to 1940s
2 1950s
3 1960s
4 1970s
5 1980s
6 1990s
7 2000s
8 2010s
9 See also
10 References
1930s to 1940s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
1937 Saira singh Usne Kya Socha
1949 Bari Behen Usne Kya Socha
1960 Basant Mughal-e-Azam
1942 Nargis
1957 Tamanna Mother India
1949 Nimmi
1956 Barsaat Bhai-Bhai
1945 Shyama
1954 Zeenat Aar Paar
1942 Mumtaz Shanti
1943 Basant Kismet
1946 Kamini Kaushal
1947 Madhubala Neel Kamal
1948 Neecha Nagar Shaheed
1950s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
1950 Nalini Jaywant Samadhi
1951 Geeta Bali Baazi
1952 Meena Kumari Baiju Bawra
1953 Bina Rai Anarkali
1954 Suraiya Mirza Ghalib
1954 Vyjayanthimala Nagin
1959 Nutan Sujata
1957 Waheeda Rehman Pyaasa
1959 Mala Sinha Dhool Ka Phool
1960s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
1960 Sadhana Love in Shimla
1961 Saira Banu Junglee
Tanuja Samarth Hamari Yaad Aayegi
Asha Parekh Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai
1963 Suraiya Rustom Sohrab
1964 Sharmila Tagore Kashmir Ki Kali
1965 Nanda Jab Jab Phool Khile
1965 Rajshree Jaanwar
1967 Vimi Hamraaz
1967 Babita Farz
1969 Mumtaz Do Raaste
1970s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
1970 Hema Malini Johny Mera Naam
1971 Jaya Bachchan Guddi
Farida Jalal Laal Patthar
Zeenat Aman Hare Rama Hare Krishna
Raakhee Sharmilee
1973 Dimple Kapadia Bobby
1974 Shabana Azmi Ankur
1975 Neetu Singh Khel Khel Mein
Parveen Babi Deewaar
Aruna Irani Deewaar
1976 Rekha Do Anjaane
Reena Roy Naagin
1977 Smita Patil Bhumika
1979 Poonam Dhillon Noorie
Jaya Prada Sargam
1980s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
1980 Tina Munim Karz
1981 Rati Agnihotri Ek Duuje Ke Liye
1982 Padmini Kolhapure Prem Rog
1983 Sridevi Himmatwala
Meenakshi Seshadri Hero
Amrita Singh Betaab
Yogeeta Bali Jaanwar
1985 Mandakini Ram Teri Ganga Maili
1986 Farha Naaz Naseeb Apna Apna
Neelam Ilzaam
1988 Madhuri Dixit Tezaab
Juhi Chawla Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak
1989 Bhagyashree Maine Pyar Kiya
1990s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
1991 Pooja Bhatt Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin
Kimi Katkar Adventures of Tarzan
Ayesha Jhulka Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar
Madhoo Phool Aur Kaante
1992 Divya Bharti Deewana
1993 Kajol Baazigar
Shilpa Shetty Baazigar
Karisma Kapoor Anari
Raveena Tandon Patthar Ke Phool
1994 Manisha Koirala 1942: A Love Story
1995
Urmila Matondkar Rangeela
Twinkle Khanna Barsaat
Mamta Kulkarni Karan Arjun
1996 Tabu (actress) Maachis
1997 Mahima Chaudhry Pardes
Pooja Batra Virasat
1998 Sonali Bendre Major Saab
Rani Mukerji Ghulam [1]
Preity Zinta Soldier
1999 Aishwarya Rai Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam
Sushmita Sen Biwi No.1
2000s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
2000 Kim Sharma Mohabbatein
Preeti Jhangiani Mohabbatein
Kareena Kapoor Refugee
Ameesha Patel Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai
2001 Bipasha Basu aajnabee
Sandali Sinha Tum Bin
Keerthi Reddy Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat
Monica Bedi Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat
Isha Koppikar Aamdani Atthani Kharcha Rupaiyaa
2002 Esha Deol Koi Mere Dil Se Pooche
2003 Celina Jaitly Janasheen
Sakshi Shivanand Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai
Katrina Kaif Boom
Amrita Arora Awara Paagal Deewana
Genelia D'Souza Tujhe Meri Kasam
2004 Neha Dhupia Julie
Dia Mirza Tumsa Nahin Dekha
Gayatri Joshi Swades
Priyanka Chopra Aitraaz
Shriya Saran Thoda Tum Badlo Thoda Hum
Mallika Sherawat Murder
Ayesha Takia Taarzan: The Wonder Car
2005 Konkona Sen Page 3
Lara Dutta No Entry
Tamannaah Chand Sa Roshan Chehra
Vidya Balan Parineeta
2006 Amrita Rao Vivah
Soha Ali Khan Rang De Basanti
Isha Koppikar Don
2007 Sonam Kapoor Saawariya
Deepika Padukone Om Shanti Om
2008 Asin Thottumkal Ghajini
Anushka Sharma Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
Kangana Ranaut Fashion
Prachi Desai Rock On!!
2009 Jacqueline Fernandez Aladin
Shruti Haasan Luck
2010s[edit]
Year with
lead role
Name
Debut as
lead role
2010 Sonakshi Sinha Dabangg
Shraddha Kapoor Teen Patti
2011 Kajal Aggarwal Singham
Nargis Fakhri Rockstar
Aditi Rao Hydari Yeh Saali Zindagi
2012 Esha Gupta Jannat 2
Diana Penty Cocktail
Alia Bhatt Student Of The Year
Parineeti Chopra Ishaqzaade
Amy Jackson Ekk Deewana Tha
Huma Qureshi Gangs of Wasseypur - Part 1
Richa Chadda Gangs of Wasseypur - Part 1
Ileana D'Cruz Barfi!
Yami Gautam Vicky Donor
Sunny Leone Jism 2
Neha Sharma Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum
2013 Disha Patani M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story
Urvashi Rautela Singh Saab the Great
2014 Kriti Sanon Heropanti
Lisa Haydon Queen
Kiara Advani Fugly
2015 Bhumi Pednekar Dum Laga Ke Haisha
Athiya Shetty Hero
Daisy Shah Hate Story 3
2016 Kriti Kharbanda Raaz Reboot
Tapsee Pannu Pink
See also[edit]
For the full list of actresses including supporting role and who have worked in other languages of India, see List of Indian film actresses.
List of Hindi television actresses
Bollywood content lists
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Box Office 1998". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
Bollywood portal
India portal
Lists portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bollywood_actresses&oldid=833755890"
Categories:
Bollywood content lists
Indian film actresses
Bollywood
Lists of Indian actresses
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Family tree of English and British monarchs
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The following is a simplified family tree of the English and British monarchs. For a more detailed chart see: English monarchs family tree (from Alfred the Great till Queen Elizabeth I); and the British monarchs' family tree for the period from Elizabeth's successor, James I, till present day.
House of
Wessex
Alfred
the Great
King of Wessex
849–899
r.871–899
Edward
the Elder
c.874/877–924
r.899–924
Æthelstan
King of
the English
≈894-939
r.927–939 Edmund I
King of
the English
921–946
r.939-946 Eadred
King of
the English
923–955
r.946–955
House of
Knýtlinga
Eadwig
All-Fair
King of England
?-959
r.955–959 Edgar I
the Peaceful
King of England
c.943–975
r.959–975 Sweyn
Forkbeard
King of
the English
960–1014
r.1013–1014 Richard I
Duke of
Normandy
933–996
r.942–996
Godwin
Earl of Wessex
1001–1053 Edward
the Martyr
King of England
c.962–978
r.975–978 Æthelred
the Unready
King of
the English
c.968-1016
r.978–1013
/1014–1016 Emma
of Normandy
c.985–1052 Cnut
the Great
King of England
c.985/995–1035
r.1016–1035 Richard II
Duke of
Normandy
963–1026
r.996–1026
Harold
Godwinson
King of
the English
c. 1022–1066
r.1066 Edmund II
Ironside
King of
the English
?–1016
r.1016 Edith
of Wessex
c.1025–1075 Edward
the Confessor
King of
the English
1003/05–1066
r.1042–1066 Harthacnut
Canute III
King of England
c.1018–1042
r.1040–1042 Harold I
Harefoot
King of England
c.1015–1040
r.1035–1040
Edward
the Exile
1016–1057 Robert I
Duke of Normandy
1000–1035
r.1027–1035
House of
Normandy
Margaret
of Scotland
c.1045–1093 William I
the Conqueror
King of England
c.1028–1087
r.1066–1087
Matilda
of Scotland
c.1080–1118 Henry I
King of England
c.1068–1135
r.1100-1135 Adela
of Normandy
c. 1067–1137 William II
Rufus
c. 1056–1100
r. 1087–1100
House of Blois
Matilda
c. 1102–1167
r. 1141
208 Days
Disputed Stephen
c. 1092–1154
r. 1135–1141
r. 1141–1154
House of
Plantagenet
Henry II
1133–1189
r. 1154–1189
Richard I
Lionheart
1157–1199
r. 1189–1199 John
Lackland
1166–1216
r. 1199–1216
Henry III
1207–1272
r. 1216–1272
Edward I
Longshanks
1239–1307
r.1272–1307
Edward II
1284–1327
r.1307–1327
Edward III
1312–1377
r. 1327–1377
House of
Lancaster
Edward
of Wales
The Black
Prince
1330–1376 John
of Gaunt
1st Duke of
Lancaster
1340–1399 Lionel
of Antwerp
1st Duke of
Clarence
1338-1368
House of York
Richard II
1367–1400
r.1377–1399 Henry IV
1366–1413
r.1399–1413 John
Beaufort
1st Earl of
Somerset
1373–1410 Philippa
of Clarence
5th Countess
of Ulster
1355-1382 Edmund
of Langley
1st Duke
of York
1341–1402
Roger
Mortimer
4th Earl
of March
1374–1398
Henry V
1386–1422
r.1413–1422 John
Beaufort
1st Duke of
Somerset
1403–1444 Anne
Mortimer
1390-1411 Richard
of Conisburgh
3rd Earl of
Cambridge
c. 1375–1415
Richard
of York
3rd Duke
of York
1411–1460
Henry VI
1421–1471
r.1422–1461
1470–1471 Margaret
Beaufort
Countess of
Richmond
and Derby
1441/1443–1509
Edward IV
1442–1483
r.1461–1470
1471–1483 Richard III
1452–1485
r.1483–1485
House of
Tudor
Henry VII
1457–1509
r. 1485–1509 m. 1486
Elizabeth
of York
1466–1503 Edward V
1470–?
r.1483
Margaret
Tudor
1489–1541 Henry VIII
1491–1547
r.1509–1547 Mary
Tudor
1496–1533
James V
of Scotland
1512–1542 Edward VI
1537–1553
r.1547–1553 Mary I
1516–1558
r. 1553–1558 m. 1554
Philip II
of Spain
1527–1598
r.1554–1558 Elizabeth I
1533–1603
r. 1558–1603 Frances
Brandon
1517–1559
Mary
Queen of
Scots
1542–1587 Jane
1536/37–1554
r.1553
(Nine Days)
Disputed
House of
Stuart
James VI & I
1566–1625
r.1567–1625 (Sc)
r.1603–1625 (En)
Elizabeth
Electress
Palatine
1596–1662 Charles I
1600–1649
r. 1625-1649
Sophia
of Hanover
Electress of
Brunswick
1630–1714 Charles II
1630–1685
r.1649–1651(Sc)
r.1660–1685 Mary
Princess
Royal
1631–1660 James II
& VII
1633–1701
r.1685–1688
House of
Hanover
George I
1660–1727
r. 1714–1727 m. 1677
William III&II
1650–1702
r.1688–1702 Mary II
1662–1694
r.1688–1694 Anne
1665–1714
r.1702–1714
George II
1683–1760
r.1727–1760
Frederick
Prince of
Wales
1707–1751
George III
1738–1820
r. 1760–1820
George IV
1762–1830
regent
1811–1820
r.1820–1830 William IV
1765–1837
r. 1830–1837 Edward
Duke of Kent
and
Strathearn
1767–1820
Victoria
1819–1901
r.1837–1901
House of
Windsor
(House of
Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha)
Edward VII
1841–1910
r. 1901–1910
George V
1865–1936
r. 1910–1936
Edward VIII
Duke of Windsor
1894–1972
r. 1936 George VI
1895–1952
r. 1936–1952
Elizabeth II
1926–
r. 1952–
See also[edit]
English monarchs' family tree (more detailed)
Family tree of the British royal family (more detailed)
Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
References[edit]
"The Continental Dynasties (1066–1216)" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-26.
"The Plantagenet Dynasties (1216–1485)" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-26.
"The Tudors (1485–1603) and the Stuarts (1603–1714)" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
[hide]
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simplified
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Medieval: Vlastimirović
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Modern: Karađorđević
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simplified)
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ancient world
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1st
4th
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