text:
Javelin throw at the Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Javelin throw
at the Olympic Games
The 1948 javelin throw competition, Tapio Rautavaara (FIN)
Overview
Sport
Athletics
Gender
Men and women
Years held
Men: 1908 – 2016
Women: 1932 – 2016
Olympic record
Men
90.57 m Andreas Thorkildsen (2008)
Women
71.53 m Osleidys Menéndez (2004)
Reigning champion
Men
Thomas Röhler (GER)
Women
Sara Kolak (CRO)
The javelin throw at the Summer Olympics is one of four track and field throwing events held at the multi-sport event. The men's javelin throw has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1908, being the last of the current throwing events to feature at the Olympics after the shot put, discus throw and hammer throw. The women's event was first contested at the 1932 Olympics, becoming the second women's throws event after the discus in 1928.
[1][2]
Two variants of the javelin have featured on the Olympic programme: a freestyle version was first contested at the 1906 Intercalated Games and then again the 1908 London Olympics. A one-off two-handed version was held at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medalists
1.1 Men
1.1.1 Multiple medalists
1.1.2 Medalists by country
1.2 Women
1.2.1 Multiple medalists
1.2.2 Medalists by country
2 Intercalated Games
3 Variants
3.1 1908 freestyle javelin throw
3.2 Two-handed javelin throw
4 References
5 External links
Medalists[edit]
Men[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Eric Lemming (SWE) Arne Halse (NOR) Otto Nilsson (SWE)
1912 Stockholm
details Eric Lemming (SWE) Julius Saaristo (FIN) Mór Kóczán (HUN)
1920 Antwerp
details Jonni Myyrä (FIN) Urho Peltonen (FIN) Pekka Johansson (FIN)
1924 Paris
details Jonni Myyrä (FIN) Gunnar Lindström (SWE) Eugene Oberst (USA)
1928 Amsterdam
details Erik Lundqvist (SWE) Béla Szepes (HUN) Olav Sunde (NOR)
1932 Los Angeles
details Matti Järvinen (FIN) Matti Sippala (FIN) Eino Penttilä (FIN)
1936 Berlin
details Gerhard Stöck (GER) Yrjö Nikkanen (FIN) Kalervo Toivonen (FIN)
1948 London
details Tapio Rautavaara (FIN) Steve Seymour (USA) József Várszegi (HUN)
1952 Helsinki
details Cy Young (USA) Bill Miller (USA) Toivo Hyytiäinen (FIN)
1956 Melbourne
details Egil Danielsen (NOR) Janusz Sidło (POL) Viktor Tsybulenko (URS)
1960 Rome
details Viktor Tsybulenko (URS) Walter Krüger (EUA) Gergely Kulcsár (HUN)
1964 Tokyo
details Pauli Nevala (FIN) Gergely Kulcsár (HUN) Jānis Lūsis (URS)
1968 Mexico City
details Jānis Lūsis (URS) Jorma Kinnunen (FIN) Gergely Kulcsár (HUN)
1972 Munich
details Klaus Wolfermann (FRG) Jānis Lūsis (URS) Bill Schmidt (USA)
1976 Montreal
details Miklós Németh (HUN) Hannu Siitonen (FIN) Gheorghe Megelea (ROU)
1980 Moscow
details Dainis Kūla (URS) Aleksandr Makarov (URS) Wolfgang Hanisch (GDR)
1984 Los Angeles
details Arto Härkönen (FIN) David Ottley (GBR) Kenth Eldebrink (SWE)
1988 Seoul
details Tapio Korjus (FIN) Jan Železný (TCH) Seppo Räty (FIN)
1992 Barcelona
details Jan Železný (TCH) Seppo Räty (FIN) Steve Backley (GBR)
1996 Atlanta
details Jan Železný (CZE) Steve Backley (GBR) Seppo Räty (FIN)
2000 Sydney
details Jan Železný (CZE) Steve Backley (GBR) Sergey Makarov (RUS)
2004 Athens
details Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Vadims Vasiļevskis (LAT) Sergey Makarov (RUS)
2008 Beijing
details Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Ainārs Kovals (LAT) Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)
2012 London
details Keshorn Walcott (TRI) Antti Ruuskanen (FIN) Vítězslav Veselý (CZE)
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details Thomas Röhler (GER) Julius Yego (KEN) Keshorn Walcott (TTO)
Multiple medalists[edit]
Rank
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Železný, JanJan Železný Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Czech Republic (CZE) 1988–2000 3 1 0 4
2 Lemming, EricEric Lemming Sweden (SWE) 1908–1912 2 0 0 2
Myyrä, JonniJonni Myyrä Finland (FIN) 1920–1924 2 0 0 2
Thorkildsen, AndreasAndreas Thorkildsen Norway (NOR) 2004–2008 2 0 0 2
5 Lūsis, JānisJānis Lūsis Soviet Union (URS) 1964–1972 1 1 1 3
6 Tsybulenko, ViktorViktor Tsybulenko Soviet Union (URS) 1956–1960 1 0 1 2
8 Backley, SteveSteve Backley Great Britain (GBR) 1992–2000 0 2 1 3
9 Kulcsár, GergelyGergely Kulcsár Hungary (HUN) 1960–1968 0 1 2 3
Räty, SeppoSeppo Räty Finland (FIN) 1988–1996 0 1 2 3
11 Makarov, SergeySergey Makarov Russia (RUS) 2000–2004 0 0 2 2
Medalists by country[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Finland (FIN) 7 8 7 22
2 Soviet Union (URS) 3 2 2 7
3 Sweden (SWE) 3 1 2 6
4 Norway (NOR) 3 1 1 5
5 Germany (GER)[nb] 2 1 0 3
6 Czech Republic (CZE) 2 0 1 3
7 Hungary (HUN) 1 2 4 7
8 United States (USA) 1 2 2 5
9 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1 0 2
10 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) 1 0 1 2
11 West Germany (FRG) 1 0 0 1
12 Great Britain (GBR) 0 3 1 4
13 Latvia (LAT) 0 2 0 2
14 Kenya (KEN) 0 1 0 1
Poland (POL) 0 1 0 1
16 Russia (RUS) 0 0 2 2
17 East Germany (GDR) 0 0 1 1
Romania (ROU) 0 0 1 1
nb The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the Unified Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany.
Women[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1932 Los Angeles
details Babe Didrikson (USA) Ellen Braumüller (GER) Tilly Fleischer (GER)
1936 Berlin
details Tilly Fleischer (GER) Luise Krüger (GER) Maria Kwaśniewska (POL)
1948 London
details Herma Bauma (AUT) Kaisa Parviainen (FIN) Lily Carlstedt (DEN)
1952 Helsinki
details Dana Zátopková (TCH) Aleksandra Chudina (URS) Yelena Gorchakova (URS)
1956 Melbourne
details Inese Jaunzeme (URS) Marlene Ahrens (CHI) Nadezhda Konyayeva (URS)
1960 Rome
details Elvīra Ozoliņa (URS) Dana Zátopková (TCH) Birutė Kalėdienė (URS)
1964 Tokyo
details Mihaela Peneş (ROU) Márta Rudas (HUN) Yelena Gorchakova (URS)
1968 Mexico City
details Angéla Németh (HUN) Mihaela Peneş (ROU) Eva Janko (AUT)
1972 Munich
details Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Jacqueline Todten (GDR) Kate Schmidt (USA)
1976 Montreal
details Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Marion Becker (FRG) Kate Schmidt (USA)
1980 Moscow
details María Caridad Colón (CUB) Saida Gunba (URS) Ute Hommola (GDR)
1984 Los Angeles
details Tessa Sanderson (GBR) Tiina Lillak (FIN) Fatima Whitbread (GBR)
1988 Seoul
details Petra Felke (GDR) Fatima Whitbread (GBR) Beate Koch (GDR)
1992 Barcelona
details Silke Renk (GER) Natalya Shikolenko (EUN) Karen Forkel (GER)
1996 Atlanta
details Heli Rantanen (FIN) Louise McPaul (AUS) Trine Hattestad (NOR)
2000 Sydney
details Trine Hattestad (NOR) Mirela Maniani-Tzelili (GRE) Osleidys Menéndez (CUB)
2004 Athens
details Osleidys Menéndez (CUB) Steffi Nerius (GER) Mirela Maniani (GRE)
2008 Beijing
details Barbora Špotáková (CZE) Mariya Abakumova (RUS) Christina Obergföll (GER)
2012 London
details Barbora Špotáková (CZE) Christina Obergföll (GER) Linda Stahl (GER)
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details Sara Kolak (CRO) Sunette Viljoen (RSA) Barbora Špotáková (CZE)
Multiple medalists[edit]
Rank
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Špotáková, BarboraBarbora Špotáková Czech Republic (CZE) 2008–2016 2 0 1 3
2 Fuchs, RuthRuth Fuchs East Germany (GDR) 1972–1976 2 0 0 2
3 Zátopková, DanaDana Zátopková Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1952–1960 1 1 0 2
Peneş, MihaelaMihaela Peneş Romania (ROU) 1964–1968 1 1 0 2
5 Fleischer, TillyTilly Fleischer Germany (GER) 1932–1936 1 0 1 2
Hattestad, TrineTrine Hattestad Norway (NOR) 1996–2000 1 0 1 2
Menéndez, OsleidysOsleidys Menéndez Cuba (CUB) 2000–2004 1 0 1 2
8 Whitbread, FatimaFatima Whitbread Great Britain (GBR) 1984–1988 0 1 1 2
Maniani, MirelaMirela Maniani Greece (GRE) 2000–2004 0 1 1 2
Obergföll, ChristinaChristina Obergföll Germany (GER) 2008–2012 0 1 1 2
11 Gorchakova, YelenaYelena Gorchakova Soviet Union (URS) 1952–1964 0 0 2 2
Schmidt, KateKate Schmidt United States (USA) 1972–1976 0 0 2 2
Medalists by country[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 East Germany (GDR) 3 1 2 6
2 Germany (GER) 2 4 4 10
3 Soviet Union (URS) 2 2 4 8
4 Cuba (CUB) 2 0 1 3
Czech Republic (CZE) 2 0 1 3
6 Finland (FIN) 1 2 0 3
7 Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 1 3
8 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1 0 2
Hungary (HUN) 1 1 0 2
Romania (ROU) 1 1 0 2
11 United States (USA) 1 0 2 3
12 Austria (AUT) 1 0 1 2
Norway (NOR) 1 0 1 2
14 Croatia (CRO) 1 0 0 1
15 Greece (GRE) 0 1 1 2
15 Australia (AUS) 0 1 0 1
Chile (CHI) 0 1 0 1
Russia (RUS) 0 1 0 1
South Africa (RSA) 0 1 0 1
Unified Team (EUN) 0 1 0 1
West Germany (FRG) 0 1 0 1
21 Denmark (DEN) 0 0 1 1
Poland (POL) 0 0 1 1
Intercalated Games[edit]
The 1906 Intercalated Games were held in Athens and at the time were officially recognised as part of the Olympic Games series, with the intention being to hold a games in Greece in two-year intervals between the internationally held Olympics. However, this plan never came to fruition and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) later decided not to recognise these games as part of the official Olympic series. Some sports historians continue to treat the results of these games as part of the Olympic canon.[3]
A men's freestyle javelin event was contested at the 1906 Games – the first time the javelin featured on the Olympic programme. The competition was dominated by Swedish athletes, who took the first four places.[4] Eric Lemming was a comfortable winner by a margin of over eight metres and he would go on to win the first two Olympic titles proper in 1908 and 1912.[5] A 100 metres finalist, Knut Lindberg, was the silver medallist,[6] while the third placer, Bruno Söderström, also won a pole vault medal that year.[7]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1906 Athens
details Eric Lemming (SWE) Knut Lindberg (SWE) Bruno Söderström (SWE)
Variants[edit]
1908 freestyle javelin throw[edit]
Following the freestyle javelin contest at the 1906 Intercalated Games, the event was continued at the 1908 London Olympics in spite of the addition of the standard style javelin as well. Eric Lemming won his second freestyle title, and his first officially recognised Olympics gold, and also won the standard style event as well.[5] The freestyle event was dropped after 1908.[8]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Eric Lemming (SWE) Mikhail Dorizas (GRE) Arne Halse (NOR)
Two-handed javelin throw[edit]
At the 1912 Stockholm Olympics a two-handed variant of the standard javelin throw competition took place. Each athlete had three attempts using each hand and their score was calculated by adding their best performances for the left and right hands. It featured two rounds, with the top three after the first round receiving a further three attempts with each arm.[9]
Finnish athletes completed a podium sweep as Julius Saaristo, the runner-up in the 1912 standard javelin event, took the gold medal. Eric Lemming, champion in the one-handed event, performed poorly with his left hand and finished in fourth place.[9]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1912 Stockholm
details Julius Saaristo (FIN) Väinö Siikaniemi (FIN) Urho Peltonen (FIN)
References[edit]
Participation and athlete data
Athletics Men's Javelin Throw Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-18.
Athletics Women's Javelin Throw Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-18.
Olympic record progressions
Mallon, Bill (2012). TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Track and Field News. Retrieved on 2014-03-12.
Specific
Jump up ^ Olympic Medalists Men. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
Jump up ^ Olympic Medalists Women. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
Jump up ^ 1906 Athina Summer Games Archived 2013-09-22 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.
Jump up ^ Athletics at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's Javelin Throw, Freestyle Archived 2010-08-05 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b Eric Lemming Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
Jump up ^ Knut Lindberg Archived 2014-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
Jump up ^ Bruno Söderström Archived 2013-12-13 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
Jump up ^ Athletics Men's Javelin Throw, Freestyle Medalists Archived 2014-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b Athletics at the 1912 Stockholm Summer Games: Men's Javelin Throw, Both Hands Archived 2010-08-05 at the Wayback Machine.. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
External links[edit]
IAAF javelin throw homepage
Official Olympics website
Olympic athletics records from Track & Field News
[show]
v
t
e
Javelin throw at the Olympic Games
Summary
Men
1908
1912
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
Women
1908
1912
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
See also: 1908 Men's freestyle javelin throw • 1912 Men's two handed javelin throw
[show]
v
t
e
History of athletics events at the Olympic Games
Active
Track
100 m
200 m
400 m
800 m
1500 m
5000 m
10,000 m
4×100 m relay
4×400 m relay
Sprint hurdles
400 m hurdles
Steeplechase
Field
Shot put
Discus throw
Hammer throw
Javelin throw
Pole vault
High jump
Long jump
Triple jump
Others
Combined events
Marathon
Race walking
Defunct
Cross country
Team races
60 metres
Weight throw
Wheelchair racing
Professional events
List of medal sweeps in Olympic athletics
List of athletics events
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Javelin_throw_at_the_Olympics&oldid=807502199"
Categories:
Javelin throw at the Olympics
Javelin throw
Athletics events at the Olympics
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with hCards
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Ελληνικά
Français
Suomi
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 October 2017, at 11:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

values: Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values:
/wiki/Summer_Olympics
mw-redirect
Summer Olympics

values:
/wiki/1908_London_Olympics
mw-redirect
1908 London Olympics

values:
/wiki/1912_Stockholm_Olympics
mw-redirect
1912 Stockholm Olympics

values:
col
1
width: 200px; background: #FFD700;

values:
col
1
width: 200px; background: #CCCCCC;

values:
col
1
width: 200px; background: #CC9966;

values: Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values:
/wiki/Pekka_Johansson
mw-redirect
Pekka Johansson

values: Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values:
/wiki/Matti_J%C3%A4rvinen_(javelin)
mw-redirect
Matti Järvinen (javelin)

values: Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: United States at the 1948 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Soviet Union at the 1956 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Soviet Union at the 1960 Summer Olympics

values: United Team of Germany at the 1960 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Soviet Union at the 1964 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Soviet Union at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: West Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics

values: Soviet Union at the 1972 Summer Olympics

values: United States at the 1972 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Soviet Union at the 1980 Summer Olympics

values: East Germany at the 1980 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Great Britain at the 1984 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Czechoslovakia at the 1988 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Czechoslovakia at the 1992 Summer Olympics

values: Great Britain at the 1992 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Czech Republic at the 1996 Summer Olympics

values: Great Britain at the 1996 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Czech Republic at the 2000 Summer Olympics

values: Great Britain at the 2000 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Trinidad and Tobago at the 2012 Summer Olympics

values: Czech Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics

values: Trinidad and Tobago at the 2016 Summer Olympics

values:
wikitable plainrowheaders
1
font-size: 100%

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
background-color:gold
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
background-color:silver
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: alt src title width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter
text-align:center

values:
/wiki/Unified_Team_of_Germany
mw-redirect
Unified Team of Germany

values:
/wiki/Babe_Didrikson
mw-redirect
Babe Didrikson

values: United States at the 1932 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Czechoslovakia at the 1952 Summer Olympics

values: Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Czechoslovakia at the 1960 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values:
/wiki/Mihaela_Pene%C5%9F
mw-redirect
Mihaela Peneş

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: East Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: East Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics

values: West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics

values: United States at the 1976 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: East Germany at the 1988 Summer Olympics

values: Great Britain at the 1988 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw

values: South Africa at the 2016 Summer Olympics

values: Czech Republic at the 2016 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1906 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle javelin throw (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: 1908 freestyle javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle javelin throw

values:
/wiki/Mikhail_Dorizas
mw-redirect
Mikhail Dorizas

values: Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's two handed javelin throw

values:
/wiki/Track_and_Field_News
mw-redirect
Track and Field News

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/ogm.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/ogw.htm

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:History of Olympic athletics events

values: Template talk:History of Olympic athletics events

values: Professional events at the Olympics (page does not exist)

values: List of medal sweeps in Olympic athletics

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Athletics events at the Olympics

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Javelin_throw_at_the_Olympics
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Ακοντισμός στους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες – Greek

values: Lancer du javelot aux Jeux olympiques – French

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Javelin_throw_at_the_Olympics rootpage-Javelin_throw_at_the_Olympics vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I
Part of World War I

The Siege of Tsingtao.
Date
August 3, 1914 – January 5, 1919a
(4 years, 5 months and 2 days)
Location
China, Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Islands, Line Islands, German New Guinea, German Samoa, Guam, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Tahiti, Mas a Tierra
Result
Allied victory
Belligerents
Allies:
Japan
United Kingdom
Australia
New Zealand
France
Russia
China
United States
Siam
Central Powers:
Germany
German New Guinea
German Samoa
Austria-Hungary
a Date of surrender of the Hermann Detzner's unit, major combat actions had concluded in 1914.
[show]
v
t
e
Asian and Pacific theatre
Fanning
Samoa
Bita Paka
Toma
Tsingtao
Singapore
Madras
Penang
Cocos
Papeete
Coronel
Más a Tierra
Guam
See also: Hindu–German Conspiracy
[show]
v
t
e
Command of the Oceans, 1914–15
Zanzibar
Madras
Papeete
Tsingtao
Rufiji Delta
Penang
Coronel
Cocos
Falklands
Más a Tierra
Guam
[show]
v
t
e
Theatres of World War I
European
Western Front
Eastern Front
Italian Front
Balkans
Middle Eastern
Caucasus
Persia
Gallipoli
Mesopotamia
Sinai and Palestine
Arab Revolt
South Arabia
African
South-West Africa
Togoland
Cameroon
East Africa
North Africa
Asian and Pacific theatre
Naval theaters
U-boat
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean
The Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I consisted of various naval battles and the Allied conquest of German colonial possessions in the Pacific Ocean and China. The most significant military action was the careful and well-executed Siege of Tsingtao in what is now China, but smaller actions were also fought at Bita Paka and Toma in German New Guinea.
All other German and Austrian possessions in Asia and the Pacific fell without bloodshed. Naval warfare was common; all of the colonial powers had naval squadrons stationed in the Indian or Pacific Oceans. These fleets operated by supporting the invasions of German-held territories and by destroying the East Asia Squadron of the Imperial German Navy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Allied offensives
1.1 Tsingtao
1.2 Pacific
2 German naval actions
2.1 Retreat of the German East Asia Squadron
2.1.1 In the Pacific
2.1.2 Chile and the Falklands
2.2 SMS Emden in the Indian Ocean
2.3 The cruise of SMS Seeadler
2.4 The scuttling of SMS Cormoran at Guam
3 China
4 Gallery
5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links
8 References
Allied offensives[edit]
Tsingtao[edit]
Main article: Siege of Tsingtao
The German front line at Tsingtao.
Tsingtao was the most significant German base in the area. It was defended by 3,650 German troops supported by 1,000 Chinese colonial troops and Austro-Hungarian soldiers and sailors occupying a well-designed fort. Supporting the defenders were a small number of vessels from the Imperial German Navy and the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
The Japanese sent nearly their entire fleet[citation needed] to the area, including six battleships and 23,000 soldiers. The British sent two military units to the battle from their garrison at Tientsin, numbering 1,500, and the Chinese who were unoccupied by the Germans sent over a few thousand troops on the side of the allies.
The bombardment of the fort started on October 31. An assault was made by the Imperial Japanese Army on the night of November 6. The garrison surrendered the next day. Casualties of the battle were 703 on the German side and some 3,600 POW; casualties on the Allied side were 2,066. One Allied protected cruiser was also sunk by a German torpedo boat and when defeat was certain, the Germans and Austro-Hungarians scuttled their squadron.
Pacific[edit]
One of the first land offensives in the Pacific theatre was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 29 and 30 1914 by New Zealand forces. The campaign to take Samoa ended without bloodshed after over 1,000 New Zealanders landed on the German colony, supported by an Australian and French naval squadron.
Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914: 500 Australians encountered 300 Germans and native policemen at the Battle of Bita Paka; the Allies won the day and the Germans retreated to Toma. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender.[1]
After the fall of Toma, only minor German forces were left in New Guinea and these generally capitulated once met by Australian forces. In December 1914, one German officer near Angorum attempted to resist the occupation with thirty native police but his force deserted him after they fired on an Australian scouting party and he was subsequently captured.[1]
By 1915, the only uncapitulated German force was a small expedition under the command of Hermann Detzner which managed to elude Australian patrols and hold out in the interior of the island until the end of the war, for which he became a figure of some renown.
German Micronesia, the Marianas, the Carolines and the Marshall Islands also fell to Allied forces during the war.
German naval actions[edit]
Retreat of the German East Asia Squadron[edit]
In the Pacific[edit]
Scharnhost's and Gneisenau's path across the Pacific.
When war was declared on Germany in 1914, the German East Asia Squadron withdrew from its base at Tsingtao and attempted to make its way east across the Pacific and back to Germany. After concentrating the majority of its force at Pagan Island, the fleet raided several Allied targets as it made its way across the Pacific.
Detached cruisers raided the cable station at Fanning and then rejoined with the squadron. Later the German forces would attack Papeete where Admiral Maximilian von Spee with his two armoured cruisers sank a French gunboat and a freighter before bombarding Papeete's shore batteries.
Chile and the Falklands[edit]
The next engagement was fought off Chile at the Battle of Coronel on November 1, 1914, Admiral Spee won the battle by defeating a British squadron which was sent to destroy him. His two armored and three light cruisers sank two Royal Navy armored cruisers and forced a British light cruiser and auxiliary cruiser to flee. Over 1,500 British sailors (all hands aboard both cruisers) were killed while only three Germans were wounded. The victory did not last long as the German fleet was soon defeated in Atlantic waters at the Battle of the Falklands in December 1914. Spee himself went down with his own flagship SMS Scharnhorst.
The only German vessels to escape the Falklands engagement was the light cruiser Dresden and the auxiliary Seydlitz. Seydlitz fled into the Atlantic before being interned by neutral Argentina, while Dresden turned about and steamed back into the Pacific. The Dresden then attempted to act as a commerce raider, without much success, until March 1915 when its engines began to break down.
Without means of getting repairs, the German light cruiser sailed into neutral Chilean waters at the island of Mas a Tierra where it was cornered by British naval forces. After a short battle in which four of her crew were killed, the Dresden was forced to scuttle and her crew was interned by Chilean authorities.
SMS Emden in the Indian Ocean[edit]
The cruise of the Emden.
SMS Emden was left behind by Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee when he began his retreat across the Pacific. The ship won the Battle of Penang, in which the Germans sank a Russian cruiser and a French destroyer. Emden also harried merchant vessels of the Allies and destroyed over thirty of them. She went on and bombarded Madras, India, causing damage to British oil tanks and sinking an Allied merchant ship. The attack caused widespread panic in the city and thousands of people fled from the coast, fearing that the Germans may have begun an invasion of India as a whole.
After a very successful career as a merchant raider, Emden was engaged by HMAS Sydney at the Battle of Cocos, where the German vessel was destroyed. A group of sailors under the command of Hellmuth von Mücke managed to escape towards the Arabian peninsula which was then part of the Ottoman Empire, an ally of the German Empire during World War I.
The cruise of SMS Seeadler[edit]
The SMS Seeadler, an auxiliary cruiser windjammer and merchant raider, commanded by Felix von Luckner managed successful attacks on Allied shipping in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. During her career she captured sixteen vessels and sank most of them.
In August 1917 SMS Seeadler was wrecked at the island of Mopelia in French Polynesia so the Germans established a small colony on the island which housed them and several Allied prisoners, most of whom were American. Eventually when starvation proved to be an urgent concern, Luckner and his crew left the prisoners on the uninhabited island and set sail in a lifeboat for Fiji. There, on September 5, Luckner captured a French schooner named Lutece and renamed her Fortuna.
After that they headed for Easter Island and again their ship was wrecked when it grounded on a reef. Subsequently, the Germans were interned by the Chileans on October 5, 1917 which ended the journey. During the entire cruise only one man perished, due to an accident.
The scuttling of SMS Cormoran at Guam[edit]
Main article: Scuttling of SMS Cormoran
SMS Cormoran
The United States was involved in at least one hostile encounter with Germans in the Pacific during World War I. On April 7, 1917, the SMS Cormoran was scuttled in Apra Harbor, Guam to prevent her capture by the auxiliary cruiser USS Supply. The Americans fired their first shots of the war at the Germans as they attempted to sink their ship. Ultimately the Germans succeeded in scuttling the Cormoran with a loss of nine men dead.
China[edit]
The German government was accused of being behind Zhang Xun's monarchist coup in China to prevent Duan Qirui's pro-war faction from supporting the Allies. After the coup failed in July 1917, Duan used the incident as a pretext for declaring war on Germany.
The German and Austro-Hungarian concessions in Tientsin and Hankow were occupied and their nationals detained. An even more serious plot was Germany's funding of the Constitutional Protection Movement, which geographically split China into two rival governments for eleven years.
Gallery[edit]
The German fleet off Chile in November 1914 after the Battle of Coronel.
Madras oil tanks on fire after being bombarded by SMS Emden.
Australian troops after digging up a German land mine along Bita Paka Road during the New Guinea Campaign.
The German auxiliary cruiser SMS Seeadler.
See also[edit]
Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force
Hindu–German Conspiracy
Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I
SMS Geier
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/records/awmohww1/aif/vol9/awmohww1-aif-vol9-ch5.pdf
External links[edit]
Melzer, Jürgen: Warfare 1914-1918 (Japan) , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Mühlhahn, Klaus: China , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Tillmann, Niko, Maezawa, Yuko: Micronesia , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Jennings, John: Pacific Islands , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Suchoples, Jarosław, Robertson, John R.: SMS Emden , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
References[edit]
Falls, Cyril (1960). The Great War, pgs. 98–99.
Keegan, John (1998). World War One, pgs. 205–206.
[show]
v
t
e
World War I
Home fronts
Theatres
European
Balkans
Western Front
Eastern Front
Italian Front
Middle Eastern
Gallipoli
Sinai and Palestine
Caucasus
Persia
Mesopotamia
South Arabia
African
South West
East
Kamerun
Togoland
North
Asian and Pacific
Tsingtao
German New Guinea and Samoa
At sea
North Atlantic U-boat campaign
Mediterranean
North Sea
Baltic
Indian, Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans
Papeete
Madras
Penang
Cocos
Coronel
Falkland Islands
Más a Tierra
Principal
participants
(people)
Entente powers
Belgium
Brazil
China
France
French Empire
Greece
Italy
Japan
Montenegro
Portuguese Empire
Romania
Russia
Russian Empire
Russian Republic
Serbia
United Kingdom
British Empire
United States
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Timeline
Pre-War conflicts
Scramble for Africa (1880–1914)
Russo-Japanese War (1905)
First Moroccan (Tangier) Crisis (1905–06)
Agadir Crisis (1911)
Italo-Turkish War (1911–12)
French conquest of Morocco (1911–12)
First Balkan War (1912–13)
Second Balkan War (1913)
Prelude
Origins
Sarajevo assassination
Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
July Crisis
Autumn 1914
Battle of the Frontiers
Battle of Cer
First Battle of the Marne
Siege of Tsingtao
Battle of Tannenberg
Battle of Galicia
Battle of the Masurian Lakes
Battle of Kolubara
Battle of Sarikamish
Race to the Sea
First Battle of Ypres
1915
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
Second Battle of Ypres
Battle of Gallipoli
Second Battle of Artois
Battles of the Isonzo
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive
Great Retreat
Second Battle of Champagne
Kosovo Offensive
Siege of Kut
Battle of Loos
1916
Erzurum Offensive
Battle of Verdun
Lake Naroch Offensive
Battle of Asiago
Battle of Jutland
Battle of the Somme
first day
Brusilov Offensive
Baranovichi Offensive
Battle of Romani
Monastir Offensive
Battle of Transylvania
1917
Capture of Baghdad
First Battle of Gaza
Zimmermann Telegram
Second Battle of Arras
Second Battle of the Aisne
Kerensky Offensive
Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
Battle of Mărășești
Battle of Caporetto
Southern Palestine Offensive
Battle of Cambrai
Armistice of Erzincan
1918
Operation Faustschlag
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Spring Offensive
Second Battle of the Marne
Battle of Baku
Hundred Days Offensive
Vardar Offensive
Battle of Megiddo
Third Transjordan attack
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
Battle of Vittorio Veneto
Battle of Aleppo
Armistice of Salonica
Armistice of Mudros
Armistice of Villa Giusti
Armistice with Germany
Other conflicts
Mexican Revolution (1910–20)
Somaliland Campaign (1910–20)
Libyan resistance movement (1911–43)
Maritz Rebellion (1914–15)
Zaian War (1914–21)
Indo-German Conspiracy (1914–19)
Senussi Campaign (1915–16)
Volta-Bani War (1915–17)
Easter Rising (1916)
Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition (1916)
Kaocen Revolt (1916–17)
Central Asian Revolt (1916-17)
Russian Revolution (1917)
Finnish Civil War (1918)
Post-War conflicts
Russian Civil War (1917–21)
Ukrainian–Soviet War (1917–21)
Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–20)
Georgian–Armenian War (1918)
German Revolution (1918–19)
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20)
Hungarian–Romanian War (1918–19)
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)
Estonian War of Independence (1918–20)
Latvian War of Independence (1918–20)
Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–20)
Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)
Egyptian Revolution (1919)
Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–19)
Polish–Soviet War (1919–21)
Irish War of Independence (1919–21)
Turkish War of Independence
Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
Turkish–Armenian War (1920)
Iraqi revolt (1920)
Polish–Lithuanian War (1920)
Vlora War (1920)
Franco-Syrian War (1920)
Soviet–Georgian War (1921)
Irish Civil War (1922–23)
Aspects
Opposition
Pacifism
Anti-war movement
Deployment
Schlieffen Plan (German)
Plan XVII (French)
Warfare
Military engagements
Naval warfare
Convoy system
Air warfare
Cryptography
Room 40
Horse use
Poison gas
Railways
Strategic bombing
Technology
Trench warfare
Total war
Christmas truce
Last surviving veterans
Civilian impact
Atrocities
Prisoners
Casualties
Economic history
1918 flu pandemic
Destruction of Kalisz
Rape of Belgium
German occupation of Belgium
German occupation of Luxembourg
German occupation of northeastern France
Ober Ost
Ottoman people
Armenian Genocide
Assyrian genocide
Pontic Greek genocide
Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
Blockade of Germany
Women
Australia
Popular culture
German prisoners of war in the United States
Agreements
Partition of the Ottoman Empire
Sykes–Picot Agreement
Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
French-Armenian Agreement
Damascus Protocol
Paris Peace Conference
Venizelos–Tittoni agreement
Treaties
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty of Lausanne
Treaty of London
Treaty of Neuilly
Treaty of St. Germain
Treaty of Sèvres
Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Versailles
Consequences
Aftermath
"Fourteen Points"
League of Nations
World War I memorials
Centenary
outbreak
Category
Portal
World War I portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I&oldid=837048540"
Categories:
Bismarck Archipelago
Campaigns and theatres of World War I
Military campaigns and theatres of World War I involving Australia
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009
All articles lacking in-text citations
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Беларуская
Català
Español
Français
Italiano
עברית
Latviešu
Magyar
Norsk
Português
Română
Русский
Suomi
Türkçe
Українська
8 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 18 April 2018, at 12:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes

values:
/wiki/Mas_a_Tierra
mw-redirect
Mas a Tierra

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Template:Campaignbox Asian and Pacific Campaign

values: Template talk:Campaignbox Asian and Pacific Campaign

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template:Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914–1917

values: Template talk:Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914–1917

values:
/wiki/South-West_Africa_campaign
mw-redirect
South-West Africa campaign

values: Military operations in North Africa during World War I

values: Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/German_Micronesia
mw-redirect
German Micronesia

values: Edit section: Retreat of the German East Asia Squadron

values:
/wiki/German_East_Asia_Squadron
mw-redirect
German East Asia Squadron

values:
/wiki/Pagan_Island
mw-redirect
Pagan Island

values:
/wiki/Armoured_cruiser
mw-redirect
Armoured cruiser

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_the_Falklands
mw-redirect
Battle of the Falklands

values:
/wiki/Commerce_raider
mw-redirect
Commerce raider

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Mas_a_Tierra
mw-redirect
Battle of Mas a Tierra

values: Edit section: SMS Emden in the Indian Ocean

values:
/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1906)
mw-redirect
SMS Emden (1906)

values: Edit section: The cruise of SMS Seeadler

values:
/wiki/SMS_Seeadler_(auxiliary_cruiser)
mw-redirect
SMS Seeadler (auxiliary cruiser)

values:
/wiki/Auxiliary_cruiser
mw-redirect
Auxiliary cruiser

values: Edit section: The scuttling of SMS Cormoran at Guam

values:
/wiki/USS_Supply_(1873)
mw-redirect
USS Supply (1873)

values:
/wiki/Zhang_Xun_(Qing_loyalist)
mw-redirect
Zhang Xun (Qing loyalist)

values:
/wiki/Warlord_era
mw-redirect
Warlord era

values: Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
2
background-color:#DCDCDC;

values: Military history of Italy during World War I

values: History of the United Kingdom during the First World War

values: Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

values: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

values: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia–Central Powers)

values: List of military engagements of World War I

values: List of last World War I veterans by country

values: German occupation of Belgium during World War I

values: German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I

values: German occupation of north-east France during World War I

values: German prisoners of war in the United States

values: Centenary of the outbreak of World War I

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: Category:Campaigns and theatres of World War I

values: Category:Military campaigns and theatres of World War I involving Australia

values: Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009

values: Category:All articles lacking in-text citations

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: المسرح الآسيوي والهادئ (الحرب العالمية الأولى) – Arabic

values: প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের এশীয় ও প্রশান্ত মহাসাগরীয় রণাঙ্গন – Bangla

values: Азіяцка-Ціхаакіянскі тэатр ваенных дзеянняў Першай сусветнай вайны – Belarusian

values: Teatre d'operacions del Pacífic (Primera Guerra Mundial) – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Teatro de operaciones del Extremo Oriente y el Pacífico (Primera Guerra Mundial) – Spanish

values: Théâtre asiatique de la Première Guerre mondiale – French

values: Teatro dell'Asia e del Pacifico della prima guerra mondiale – Italian

values: זירת מזרח אסיה והאוקיינוס השקט במלחמת העולם הראשונה – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Karadarbība Āzijā un Klusajā okeānā (Pirmais pasaules karš) – Latvian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values: Távol-Kelet és Óceánia az első világháborúban – Hungarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Asia og Stillehavet under første verdenskrig – Norwegian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Teatro de operações da Ásia e Pacífico na Primeira Guerra Mundial – Portuguese

values: Campania din Pacific (Primul Război Mondial) – Romanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Тихоокеанский театр военных действий Первой мировой войны – Russian

values: Tyynenmeren taistelut (ensimmäinen maailmansota) – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Asya ve Pasifik cepheleri – Turkish

values: Азійсько-Тихоокеанський театр воєнних дій Першої світової війни – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I rootpage-Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I skin-vector action-view


text:
Vietnam War casualties
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The American War Memorial of the dead Vietnamese soldiers, Vietnam (Hanoi).
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, USA (Washington, D.C.).
Two major war memorials commemorating the dead soldiers in. the Second Indochina War (a.k.a. the Vietnam War and the American War).
Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
The conflict persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting.
Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. Civilian deaths were partly caused by assassinations, massacres and terror tactics. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. Some 365,000 Vietnamese civilians are estimated by one source to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement.[1]
A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed. The best-known are the Massacre at Huế and the My Lai massacre.
Contents
1 Total number of deaths
2 Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War
2.1 Deaths caused by North Vietnam/VC forces
2.2 Deaths caused by South Vietnam
2.3 Deaths caused by the American military
2.4 Deaths caused by the South Korean military
3 Army of the Republic of Vietnam
4 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military deaths
5 United States armed forces
5.1 Disproportion of African American casualties
6 Aftereffects
7 Other nations' casualties
7.1 Military
8 References
9 External links
Total number of deaths[edit]
Waiting to Lift Off by James Pollock, Vietnam Combat Artists Program, CAT IV, 1967. Courtesy of National Museum of the U.S. Army
Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates.
Guenter Lewy in 1978 estimated 1,353,000 total deaths in North and South Vietnam during the period 1965–1974 in which the U.S. was most engaged in the war. Lewy reduced the number of VC and PAVN battle deaths claimed by the U.S. by 30 percent (in accordance with the opinion of United States Department of Defense officials), and assumed that one third of the battle deaths of the PAVN/VC were actually civilians. His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table.[2]
Deaths in Vietnam War (1965–1974) per Guenter Lewy
Allied military deaths
282,000
NVA/VC military deaths
444,000
Civilian deaths (North and South Vietnam)
627,000
Total deaths
1,353,000

A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,000–1,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 1965–75. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000.[3] The study has been criticized for its small sample size, the imbalance in the sample between rural and urban areas, and the possible overlooking of clusters of high mortality rates.[4]
In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 1955–75. PAVN and VC deaths were reported as 1.1 million and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead.[5]
A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 1955–2002. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 1965–74 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. (The estimates for 1955–64 are much higher than other estimates). The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 1955–75.[4]
Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 1955–64 and 1,458,050 from 1965–75 for a total of 1,622,973. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 1967–75 to total 259,000. Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete.[6]
R. J. Rummel's mid-range estimate in 1997 was that the total deaths due to the Vietnam conflict totaled 2,450,000 from 1954–75. Rummel calculated PAVN/VC deaths at 1,062,000 and ARVN and allied war deaths of 741,000,with both totals include civilians inadvertently killed. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively.[7]
Deaths in Vietnam War (1954–75) per R. J. Rummel (except where otherwise noted)[7]
Low estimate of deaths
Middle estimate of deaths
High estimate of deaths
Notes and comments
North Vietnam/Viet Cong military and civilian war dead
533,000 1,062,000 1,489,000 includes an estimated 50,000/65,000/70,000 civilians killed by U.S/SVN bombing/shelling[8]
South Vietnam/U.S./South Korea war military and civilian war dead
429,000 741,000 1,119,000 includes 360,000/391,000/720,000 civilians[9]
Democide by North Vietnam/Viet Cong
131,000 214,000 302,000 25,000/50,000/75,000 killed in North Vietnam, 106,000/164,000/227,000 killed in South Vietnam
Democide by South Vietnam
57,000 89,000 284,000 Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments.
Democide by the United States
4,000 6,000 10,000 Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments.
Democide by South Korea
3,000 3,000 3,000 Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate.
Subtotal Vietnam
1,156,000 2,115,000 3,207,000
Cambodians
273,000 273,000 273,000 Rummel estimates 212,000 killed by Khmer Rouge (1967–1975), 60,000 killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by South Vietnam (1967–73). No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (1954–75).[10]
Laotians
28,000 62,000 115,000 Source:[4]
Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954–75)
1,450,000 2,450,000 3,595,000
Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War[edit]
See also: List of massacres in Vietnam
Lewy estimates that 40,000 South Vietnamese civilians were assassinated by the PAVN/VC; 250,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam, and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam. He suggests that another 222,000 civilians were counted as military deaths by the U.S. in compiling its "body count." His estimated total of civilian deaths is 587,000.[11][12][13] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms.[14][15][16]
Deaths caused by North Vietnam/VC forces[edit]
The Viet Cong killed hundreds of Montagnard civilians at the village during the Battle of Dak Son, 1967
R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam.[17] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 1967–1972.[18] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity.[19] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC.[20]
Thomas Thayer in 1985 estimated that during the 1965-72 period the VC killed 33,052 South Vietnamese village officials and civil servants.[21]
Deaths caused by South Vietnam[edit]
According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. In Quảng Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. This totals, from a range of between 16,000 and 167,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam during the (Diệm-era), and 42,000 and 118,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam in the post Diệm-era), excluding PAVN forces killed by the ARVN in combat.[22] Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by RVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination.[23] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians.[23]
Deaths caused by the American military[edit]
RJ Rummel estimated that American forces committed around 5,500 intentional democidal mass-killings between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000 killed in democide.[24] Benjamin Valentino attributes possibly 110,000–310,000 "counterguerrilla mass killings" to U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war.[25]
Estimates for the number of North Vietnamese civilian deaths resulting from US bombing range from 30,000–65,000.[26][3] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000.[27] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants.[25][28]
Burial of 300 unidentified victims from the Huế Massacre, killed by communist forces and found after the ARVN and U.S. Marines retook the area in March, 1968. U.S. Military photo[29][30]
18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam,[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects.[32] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable.[33]
Guenter Lewy estimates that around 220,000 civilians in South Vietnam were killed in US, ARVN and other allied land operations and miscounted as "enemy KIA".[34] For official US military operations reports, there are no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA, since body counts was a direct measure of operational success often caused US "operations reports" to list civilians killed as enemy KIA.[35] The pressure to produce body counts as a measure of operational success often caused US "operations reports" to list civilians killed as enemy KIA[36] with one prominent example being the My Lai Massacre written off as an operational success.[37][38] It was assumed by US forces that, were an area is declared a free-fire zone that all individuals killed regardless of whether they were combatants or not, were considered enemy KIA.[39] This it is suggested explains the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, alongside inflation.[34] Official operations reports rarely made a distinction between civilians killed and actual combatants, drastically inflating the numbers of "enemies killed" as it was directly tied to promotions and commendation.[40][38] At other times US-committed atrocities were often tied to or blamed on the NVA/VC to skirt punishment.[40] There are further claims made that when air-strikes or artillery were called in on villages, usually civilian casualties were reported as "enemies killed".[40][38] An alleged massacre in which the killed was reported as "enemy KIA" was the Thuy Bo massacre.
German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported, and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[41]
Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places altogether about 100 civilians were executed. The My Lai Massacre, where civilians killed were described as enemy combatants, was initially reported as a battlefield victory.[42] This was especially true when areas would be declare a free-fire zone. Victories were often based on body-counts, which resulted in further distortions of actual combatant deaths.[43]
Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of Đức Pho in Quảng Ngãi Province in the summer of 1968 (14 victims), another in Bình Định Province on 20 July 1969 (25 victims).
Tiger Force, a special operations force, murdered hundreds, possibly over a thousand, civilians.
In the course of large-scale operations an unknown number of non-combatants were killed either accidentally or deliberately – with the Army Inspector General estimating that more than 5,000 died in the course of Operation Speedy Express. Excluding deaths from artillery and air attacks, the total number of dead may have reached tens of thousands during the entire war.
According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. Three of the massacres reported on the American side were not mentioned on the PRG list.
Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. troops.[44] One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many My Lais".[44]
Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. "It was the epitome of immorality...One of the times I counted bodies after an air strike—which always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was left—I counted sixty-two bodies. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many children—usually in their mothers' arms or very close to them—and so many old people." When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed.[45]
Deaths caused by the South Korean military[edit]
United States Marine recovered victims bodies who were killed by South Korean Marines in Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat hamlets on February 12, 1968.[46]
The ROK Capital Division purportedly conducted the Bình An/Tây Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. The 2nd Marine Brigade purportedly conducted the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966.[47] In December 1966, the Blue Dragon Brigade purportedly conducted the Bình Hòa massacre.[48] The Second Marine Brigade conducted the Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre on 12 February 1968.[49][50] South Korean Marines purportedly conducted the Hà My massacre on 25 February 1968.[51] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass-killings conducted by South Korean forces which approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre with reports of thousands of routine murders on civilians primarily the elderly, women and children.[52][53] A separate study by a RAND Corporation employee Terry Rambo conducted interviews in 1970 in ARVN/civilian areas on reported Korean atrocities.[54] Widespread reports of deliberate mass-killings were reported to have occurred, alleging that these were systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians with murders running into the hundreds.[54] These policies are also reported by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think (they got) fired on from a village ... they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village ... it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese)."[55] Another Marine commander Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr. added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon." [55] Investigations by Korean civic groups have alleged there were at-least 9000 civilians massacred by ROK forces.[56]
Army of the Republic of Vietnam[edit]
The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths.[57] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war.[11][21]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN lost between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war including in 1975 and prior to 1960.[17]
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
Total (1960-1974)
ARVN combat deaths[58] 2,223 4,004 4,457 5,665 7,457 11,242 11,953 12,716 27,915 21,833 23,346 22,738 39,587 27,901 31,219 254,256
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military deaths[edit]
RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths.[59] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. For this figure, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported enemy killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of the VC and PAVN military forces was probably closer to 444,000.[11]
Author Mark Woodruff noted that when the Vietnamese Government finally revealed its losses (in April 1995) as being 1.1 million dead, US body count figures had actually.[60]
The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants.[61][62]
Historian Christian Appy states "search and destroy was the principal tactic; and the enemy body count was the primary measure of progress" in the US strategy of attrition. Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success. Competitions were held between units for the highest number of Vietnamese killed. U.S. Army and marine officers knew that promotions were largely based on confirmed kills. The pressure to produce confirmed kills resulted in massive fraud. One of the most thorough studies found that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. Furthermore there was little distinction made between armed combatants, neutral civilians and unarmed individuals for "enemy KIA".[63]
According to the Vietnamese government's national survey and assessment of war casualties (2017), there were 849,018 PAVN/VC military personnel dead or missing, including combat death and non-combat death, from the period between 1955 and 1975.[64] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 30-40% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths.[64] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC military deaths or missing, included 939,460 deaths (their bodies were found) and 207,000 missing (their bodies were not found). Per war: 191,605 deaths/missing in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths/missing in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths/missing in the Third Indochina War.[64]
United States armed forces[edit]
U.S. Vietnam War deaths
Casualties as of 24 August 2018:
58,318 KIA or non-combat deaths (including the missing and deaths in captivity)[65]
153,303 WIA (excluding 150,332 persons not requiring hospital care)[66]
1,594 MIA (originally 2,646)[67]
766–778 POW (652–662 freed/escaped*,[68][69] 114–116 died in captivity)[68][70]
Note: *One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later.[71]
During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds.[72] 30-35% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%).[73]
Disproportion of African American casualties[edit]
Blacks suffered disproportionately high casualty rates in Vietnam. In 1965 alone they comprised almost one out of every four combat deaths.[74][75] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. In October 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which further lowered military standards for 100,000 additional draftees per year. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poor – a promise that was never carried out. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states.[76][77]
The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. Between October 1966 and June 1969, 246,000 soldiers were recruited through Project 100,000, of whom 41% were black, while blacks only made up about 11% of the population of the US.[76] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. This group was made up almost entirely of either work-class or rural youth. College students who did not avoid the draft were generally sent to non-combat and service roles or made officers, while high school drop-outs and the working class were sent into combat roles. Blacks often made up a disproportionate 25% to 80% or more of combat units, while constituting only 12% of the military.[74][78]
Civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali, and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972.[76][79] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military.[79]
South Vietnamese women and children in Mỹ Lai before being killed in the massacre, March 16, 1968
Aftereffects[edit]
Unexploded ordnance especially bombs dropped by the United States, continue to detonate and kill people today. The Vietnamese government claims that unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the war officially ended.[80][81] In 2012 alone, unexploded bombs and other ordnance claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and government databases. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 in an attempt to make Vietnam safe.[82]
Agent Orange and similar chemical substances, have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including the US Air Force crew that handled them. The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include the children of people who were exposed.[83] The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or have health problems due to contaminated Agent Orange.[84]
On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical on part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. Two other cleanup sites the United States and Vietnam are looking at is Biên Hòa Air Base, in the southern province of Đồng Nai – a 'hotspot' for dioxin – and Phù Cát Air Base in Bình Định Province, says U.S. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. According to the Vietnamese newspaper Nhân Dân, the U.S. government is providing $41 million to the project, which will reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m3 of soil by late 2016.[85]
Other nations' casualties[edit]
Cambodian Civil War
275,000–310,000 killed[86][87][88]
Laotian Civil War
20,000–62,000 killed[4]
Military[edit]
South Korea
5,099 Killed in action
14,232 wounded
4 missing in action[89]
Australia
426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes[90]
3,129 wounded[90]
6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated)[91]
Thailand
351 killed in action[89][92]
1,358 wounded
New Zealand
37 killed in action plus 2 civilians[93][94]
187 wounded
Philippines
9 killed in action[95]
64 wounded[95]
Republic of China (Taiwan)
25 killed in action
People's Republic of China
1,446 killed in action[96]
Soviet Union
~16[97]
Great Britain
~1[98]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World. Routledge. 2013. p. 219.
Jump up ^ Lewy, Guenter (1978), America in Vietnam, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 442–453
^ Jump up to: a b Charles Hirschman et al., Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, Population and Development Review, December 1995.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Obermeyer, Ziad; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Gakidou, Emmanuela (2008). "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1482–1486. doi:10.1136/bmj.a137. PMC 2440905. PMID 18566045. See Table 3 for most estimates.
Jump up ^ Shenon, Philip, "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate, The New York Times, 23 April 1995
Jump up ^ "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/ Archived 2015-08-11 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 24 Nov 2014
^ Jump up to: a b Rummel, R. J. "Statistics of Vietnamese Democide", Lines 777–785, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1B.GIF, accessed 24 Nov 2014
Jump up ^ Rummel, 1997, line 61
Jump up ^ Rummel, 1997, line 117
Jump up ^ https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/DBG.TAB9.1.GIF, accessed 24 Nov 2014
^ Jump up to: a b c Lewy, Guenter (1978). America in Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press. Appendix 1, pp.450–453
Jump up ^ Thayer, Thomas C (1985). War Without Fronts: The American Experience in Vietnam. Boulder: Westview Press. Ch. 12.
Jump up ^ Wiesner, Louis A. (1988). Victims and Survivors Displaced Persons and Other War Victims in Viet-Nam. New York: Greenwood Press. p.310
Jump up ^ Willbanks, James H. (2008). The Tet Offensive: A Concise History. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-231-12841-X.
Jump up ^ Rand Corporation SOME IMPRESSIONS OF VIET CONG VULNERABILITIES AN INTERIM REPORT 1965
Jump up ^ James J. F. Forest Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century 2007 ISBN 978-0275990343
^ Jump up to: a b Rummel 1997
Jump up ^ Michael Lee Lanning and Dan Cragg, Inside the VC and the NVA, (Ballantine Books, 1993), pp. 186–188
Jump up ^ Rummel 1997, Lines 457 & 459.
Jump up ^ Lewy, Guentner (1978), America in Vietnam New York: Oxford University Press., pp.272–3, 448–9.
^ Jump up to: a b Thayer, Thomas (1985). War without Fronts: The American experience in Vietnam. Westview Press. p. 51. ISBN 9781612519128.
Jump up ^ Rummel 1997 Lines 521, 540, 556, 563, 566, 569, 575
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Edward (2017-12-29). "Opinion | Behind the Phoenix Program". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
Jump up ^ Rummel 1997 Lines 613]
^ Jump up to: a b Valentino, Benjamin (2005). Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. Cornell University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780801472732.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Spencer, ed. (2011). Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Volume Two. Santa Barbara, CA, p. 176
Jump up ^ "Battlefield:Vietnam Timeline". Pbs.org. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Kiernan, Ben; Owen, Taylor. "Bombs over Cambodia" (PDF). The Walrus (October 2006): 62–69. "Previously, it was estimated that between 50,000 and 150,000 Cambodian civilians were killed by the bombing. "Given the fivefold increase in tonnage revealed by the database, the number of casualties is surely higher." Kiernan and Owen later revised their estimate of 2.7 million tons of U.S. bombs dropped on Cambodia down to the previously accepted figure of roughly 500,000 tons: See Kiernan, Ben; Owen, Taylor (2015-04-26). "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Calculating U.S. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications". The Asia–Pacific Journal. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
Jump up ^ New York Times "Hue Massacre of 1968 Goes Beyond Hearsay" September 22, 1987
Jump up ^ Time magazine "THE MASSACRE OF HUE" Oct. 31, 1969
Jump up ^ Agent orange victims day, Tuoitre news 2013/08/11
Jump up ^ History.com Operation Ranch Hand and Agent Orange Retrieved 25/09/12
Jump up ^ "Defoliation" entry in Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2011). The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-961-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Bellamy, Alex J. (2017-09-29). East Asia's Other Miracle: Explaining the Decline of Mass Atrocities. Oxford University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780191083785.
Jump up ^ "Body Count in Vietnam | HistoryNet". www.historynet.com. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
Jump up ^ "Body Count in Vietnam | HistoryNet". www.historynet.com. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
Jump up ^ http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/course-materials/POLS6016_65225
^ Jump up to: a b c Appy, Christian (1993). Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam. http://projectsmrj.pbworks.com/f/Working+Class+War+-+Christian+Appy.pdf: UNC Chapel Hill. p. 273.
Jump up ^ https://thevietnamwar.info/free-fire-zone/
^ Jump up to: a b c "Declassification of the BDM Study, "The Strategic Lessons Learned in Vietnam"" (PDF). Defense Technical Center. p. 225-234. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Greiner, Bernd (2010). War Without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300168047.
Jump up ^ http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/course-materials/POLS6016_65225
Jump up ^ "'Anything That Moves': Civilians And The Vietnam War". www.wbur.org. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
^ Jump up to: a b Turse 2013, p. 251.
Jump up ^ Turse 2013, p. 212.
Jump up ^ Kim Chang-seok (2000-11-15). 편견인가, 꿰뚫어 본 것인가 미군 정치고문 제임스 맥의 보고서 "쿠앙남성 주둔 한국군은 무능·부패·잔혹". Hankyoreh (in Korean). Retrieved 2012-10-14.
Jump up ^ Armstrong, Charles (2001). "America's Korea, Korea's Vietnam". Critical Asian Studies. Routledge. 33 (4): 530.
Jump up ^ "On War extra – Vietnam's massacre survivors". Al Jazeera. 2009-01-04. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
Jump up ^ Go Gyeong-tae (2001-04-24). 특집 "그날의 주검을 어찌 잊으랴" 베트남전 종전 26돌, 퐁니·퐁넛촌의 참화를 전하는 사진을 들고 현장에 가다. Hankyoreh (in Korean). Retrieved 2012-10-14.
Jump up ^ 여기 한 충격적인 보고서가 있다 미국이 기록한 한국군의 베트남 학살 보고서 발견. Ohmynews (in Korean). 2000-11-14. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
Jump up ^ Kwon, Heonik. After the massacre: commemoration and consolation in Ha My and My Lai. University of California Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780520247970.
Jump up ^ Chomsky, Noam; Herman, Edward (1973). Counter-Revolutionary Violence:Bloodbaths in fact and propaganda (PDF). Warner Modular Publications.
Jump up ^ Journal, The Asia Pacific. "Anatomy of US and South Korean Massacres in the Vietnamese Year of the Monkey, 1968 | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus". apjjf.org. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/10/archives/vietnam-killings-laid-to-koreans-researcher-says-he-found-evidence.html
^ Jump up to: a b CNN, James Griffiths,. "The 'forgotten' My Lai: South Korea's Vietnam War massacres". CNN. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
Jump up ^ "Citizens' court to investigate Vietnam War atrocities committed by South Korean troops". Retrieved 2018-06-03.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Jeffrey J. (1988), United States Army in Vietnam: Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973, Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, p. 275
Jump up ^ Clarke, Jeffrey J. (1988), United States Army in Vietnam: Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973, Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, p. 275
Jump up ^ Rummel 1997, Line 102.
Jump up ^ Woodruff, Mark (1999). Unheralded Victory: Who won the Vietnam war?. Harper Collins. p. 211. ISBN 0004725190.
Jump up ^ McCoy, Alfred W. (2006). A question of torture: CIA interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror. Macmillan. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8050-8041-4.
Jump up ^ Harbury, Jennifer (2005). Truth, torture, and the American way: the history and consequences of U.S. involvement in torture. Beacon Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-8070-0307-7.
Jump up ^ Appy, Christian G. (2000). Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 153-156.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chuyên đề 4 CÔNG TÁC TÌM KIẾM, QUY TẬP HÀI CỐT LIỆT SĨ TỪ NAY ĐẾN NĂM 2020 VÀ NHỮNG NĂM TIẾP THEO, datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Quản%20lý%20chỉ%20đạo/Chuyên%20đề%204.doc
Jump up ^ 3 new names added to Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall
Jump up ^ US Military Operations: Casualty Breakdown
Jump up ^ "Vietnam-era unaccounted for statistical report" (PDF). 24 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Vietnam War Statistics
Jump up ^ [1] [2]
Jump up ^ American Vietnam War Casualty Statistics
Jump up ^ Vietnam Prisoners of War – Escapes and Attempts
Jump up ^ Scott McGaugh (16 September 2012). "Learning from America's Wars, Past and Present U.S. Battlefield Medicine Has Come a Long Way, from Antietam to Iraq". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
Jump up ^ The American War Library. [www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwc1.htm Vietnam War Casualties and Cause.] Data compiled William F. Abbott from figures obtained shortly after the construction of the Vietnam War Memorial.
^ Jump up to: a b Fighting on Two Fronts: African Americans and the Vietnam War; Westheider, James E.; New York University Press; 1997; pgs. 11–16
Jump up ^ African-Americans In Combat
^ Jump up to: a b c War within war; The Guardian; September 14, 2001; James Maycock
Jump up ^ Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers & Vietnam; Appy, Christian; University of North Carolina Press; 2003; pgs. 31–33
Jump up ^ Vietnam: The Soldier's Revolt
^ Jump up to: a b Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam: American Combat
Jump up ^ "Vietnam War Bomb Explodes Killing Four Children". Huffington Post. 3 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Vietnam war shell explodes, kills two fishermen The Australian (April 28, 2011)
Jump up ^ "Vietnam War Bombs Still Killing People 40 Years Later". The Huffington Post. 2013-08-14.
Jump up ^ Ben Stocking for AP, published in the Seattle Times May 22, 2010 [seattletimes.com/html/health/2011928849_apasvietnamusagentorange.html Vietnam, US still in conflict over Agent Orange]
Jump up ^ Jessica King (2012-08-10). "U.S. in first effort to clean up Agent Orange in Vietnam". CNN. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
Jump up ^ "U.S. starts its first Agent Orange cleanup in Vietnam". Reuters. August 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia". Forced Migration and Mortality. National Academy Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9780309073349. Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the [civil war] in the order of 300,000 or less.
Jump up ^ Banister, Judith; Johnson, E. Paige (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia". Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies. p. 87. ISBN 9780938692492. An estimated 275,000 excess deaths. We have modeled the highest mortality we can justify for the early 1970s.
Jump up ^ Sliwinski, Marek (1995). Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique. Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 42–43, 48. ISBN 978-2-738-43525-5. Of 310,000 estimated Cambodian Civil War deaths, Sliwinski attributes 46.3% to firearms, 31.7% to assassinations (a tactic primarily used by the Khmer Rouge), 17.1% to (mainly U.S.) bombing, and 4.9% to accidents.
^ Jump up to: a b KOREA military army official statistics, AUG 28, 2005 Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "Vietnam War, 1962–72 – Statistics". Australian War Memorial. 2003. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
Jump up ^ "Australian servicemen listed as missing in action in Vietnam". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
Jump up ^ The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History By Spencer C. Tucker "https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC&lpg=PA53&dq=the%20encyclopedia%20of%20the%20vietnam%20war%20page%2064&pg=PA176&output=embed"
Jump up ^ "New Zealand Rolls Of Honour – By Conflict". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
Jump up ^ "Overview of the war in Vietnam | VietnamWar.govt.nz, New Zealand and the Vietnam War". Vietnamwar.govt.nz. 1965-07-16. Archived from the original on 2013-07-26. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Asian Allies in Viet-Nam
Jump up ^ Womack, Brantly (2006). China and Vietnam: The Politics of Asymmetry. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521618342.
Jump up ^ James F. Dunnigan; Albert A. Nofi (2000). Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know. Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-25282-X.
Jump up ^ Martin Porter. Did UK Forces (SAS) serve in Vietnam?.
External links[edit]
National Archives AAD Searchable database.
The Vietnam Center and Archive. Texas Tech University.
Vietnam War Casualties Records search by names and/or dates.
Vietnamese Casualties During the American war
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_War_casualties&oldid=864452646"
Categories:
People of the Vietnam War
Vietnam War casualties
Deaths in Vietnam
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from August 2018
CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)
CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Български
Русский
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 October 2018, at 09:04 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: class style

values: thumbcaption clear:left

values:
/wiki/My_Lai_massacre
mw-redirect
My Lai massacre

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/National_Museum
mw-redirect
National Museum

values:
/wiki/British_Medical_Journal
mw-redirect
British Medical Journal

values:
/wiki/R._J._Rummel
mw-redirect
R. J. Rummel

values: Edit section: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War

values: Edit section: Deaths caused by North Vietnam/VC forces

values:
/wiki/Dak_Son_Massacre
mw-redirect
Dak Son Massacre

values: Edit section: Deaths caused by South Vietnam

values: Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

values: Edit section: Deaths caused by the American military

values:
/wiki/Dioxin_(chemical)
mw-redirect
Dioxin (chemical)

values:
/wiki/Birth_defects
mw-redirect
Birth defects

values:
/wiki/Peers_Commission
mw-redirect
Peers Commission

values: Edit section: Deaths caused by the South Korean military

values:
/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Marines
mw-redirect
Republic of Korea Marines

values:
/wiki/ROK_Capital_Division
mw-redirect
ROK Capital Division

values:
/wiki/Blue_Dragon_Brigade
mw-redirect
Blue Dragon Brigade

values: Edit section: Army of the Republic of Vietnam

values: Edit section: North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military deaths

values: Edit section: United States armed forces

values: Edit section: Disproportion of African American casualties

values:
/wiki/John_Lewis_(Georgia_politician)
mw-redirect
John Lewis (Georgia politician)

values:
/wiki/Red_Cross_of_Vietnam
mw-redirect
Red Cross of Vietnam

values:
/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a_Air_Base
mw-redirect
Biên Hòa Air Base

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.a137

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566045

values:
/wiki/Rand_Corporation
mw-redirect
Rand Corporation

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mrfa.org/vnstats.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.axpow.org/vietnamescapes.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources

values:
/wiki/Albert_A._Nofi
mw-redirect
Albert A. Nofi

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.vietnamwarcasualties.org

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2018

values: Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)

values: Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Vietnam_War_casualties
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Жертви на Виетнамската война – Bulgarian

values: Людские потери во Вьетнамской войне – Russian

values: Tổn thất nhân mạng trong Chiến tranh Việt Nam – Vietnamese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Vietnam_War_casualties rootpage-Vietnam_War_casualties skin-vector action-view