text:
Roanoke Colony
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Lost Colony" redirects here. For other uses, see Lost Colony (disambiguation).
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (March 2018)
Roanoke Colony
Colony of England
1585–c. 1590
Virginea Pars map, drawn by John White during his initial visit in 1585. Roanoke is the small pink island in the middle right of the map.
History
• Established 1585
• Birth of Virginia Dare August 18, 1587
• Abandoned Before August c. 1590
• Found abandoned August 18, 1590
Population
• 1587 116
Today part of United States
Dare County,
North Carolina
The Roanoke Colony (/ˈroʊəˌnoʊk/), also known as the Lost Colony, was established in 1585 on Roanoke Island in what is today's Dare County, North Carolina. It was a late 16th-century attempt by Queen Elizabeth I to establish a permanent English settlement in North America. The colony was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh.
The colonists disappeared during the Anglo-Spanish War, three years after the last shipment of supplies from England. Their disappearance gave rise to the nickname "The Lost Colony". There is no conclusive evidence as to what happened to the colonists.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Raleigh's charter
3 First voyages to Roanoke Island
3.1 In the New World
4 Lost Colony
4.1 Return to the Lost Colony
5 Thomas Harriot
6 Investigations into Roanoke
7 Reports of John Smith and William Strachey
8 Hypotheses about the disappearance
8.1 Integration with local tribes
8.2 Other theories
8.2.1 Spanish
8.2.2 Dare Stones
8.2.3 Virginia Pars Map
9 Archaeological evidence
10 Climate factors
11 Lost Colony of Roanoke DNA Project
12 In popular culture
12.1 Books
12.2 Comics
12.3 Film
12.4 TV
12.5 Internet
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links
Background
The enterprise was originally financed and organized by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who drowned in 1583 returning from a voyage to the fishing settlement at St. John's, Newfoundland. Sir Humphrey Gilbert's half-brother Sir Walter Raleigh later gained his brother's charter from the Queen and subsequently executed the details of the charter through his delegates Ralph Lane and Richard Grenville, Raleigh's distant cousin.[1]
Raleigh's charter
A watercolor of the fort in Guyanailla Bay, which is likely similar to the fort constructed on Roanoke
On March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Raleigh a charter for the colonization of the area of North America. This charter specified that Raleigh needed to establish a colony in North America, or lose his right to colonization.[2]:9
The Queen and Raleigh intended that the venture should provide riches from the New World. The queen's charter said that Raleigh was supposed to "discover, search, find out, and view such remote heathen and barbarous Lands, Countries, and territories ... to have, hold, occupy, and enjoy".[3]
The queen's charter also said that Raleigh was supposed to establish a base from which to send privateers on raids against the treasure fleets of Spain.[4]:135 The purpose of these raids was to tell Spain that England was ready for war. The original charter basically told Raleigh to establish a military base to counteract the activities of the Spaniards.[5] Raleigh himself never visited North America, although he led expeditions in 1595 and 1617 to South America's Orinoco River basin in search of the legendary golden city of El Dorado.
First voyages to Roanoke Island
On April 27, 1584, Raleigh dispatched an expedition led by Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the eastern coast of North America. They arrived on Roanoke Island on July 4[2]:32 and soon established relations with the local natives, the Secotans and Croatans. Barlowe returned to England with two Croatans named Manteo and Wanchese, who were able to describe the politics and geography of the area to Raleigh.[2]:44–45 Based on the information given, Raleigh organized a second expedition, to be led by Sir Richard Grenville.
Sir Walter Raleigh
Grenville's fleet departed Plymouth on April 9, 1585, with five main ships: Tiger (Grenville's), Roebuck, Red Lion, Elizabeth, and Dorothy. A severe storm off the coast of Portugal separated Tiger from the rest of the fleet.[2]:57 The captains had a contingency plan if they were separated, which was to meet up again in Puerto Rico, and Tiger arrived in the "Baye of Muskito"[6] (Guayanilla Bay) on May 11.
While waiting for the other ships, Grenville established relations with the resident Spanish while simultaneously engaging in some privateering against them.[2]:62 He also built a fort. Elizabeth arrived soon after the fort's construction.[7]:91 Grenville eventually tired of waiting for the remaining ships and departed on June 7. The fort was abandoned, and its location remains unknown.
Tiger sailed through Ocracoke Inlet on June 26, but it struck a shoal, ruining most of the food supplies.[2]:63 The expedition succeeded in repairing the ship and, in early July, reunited with Roebuck and Dorothy, which had arrived in the Outer Banks with Red Lion some weeks previous. Red Lion had dropped off its passengers and left for Newfoundland for privateering.[2]:64
In the New World
During the initial exploration of the mainland coast and the native settlements, the Europeans blamed the natives of the village of Aquascogoc for stealing a silver cup. As retaliation, the settlers sacked and burned the village.[2]:72 English writer and courtier Richard Hakluyt's contemporaneous reports also describe this incident. (Hakluyt's reports of the first voyage to Roanoke were compiled from accounts by various financial backers, including Sir Walter Raleigh. Hakluyt himself never traveled to the New World.)[8]
Despite this incident and a lack of food, Grenville decided to leave Ralph Lane and 107 men to establish a colony at the north end of Roanoke Island, promising to return in April 1586 with more men and fresh supplies. The group disembarked on August 17, 1585,[9] and built a small fort on the island. There are no surviving renderings of the Roanoke fort, but it was likely similar in structure to the one in Guayanilla Bay. Grenville in the Tiger on only his seventh day of sail captured (after a three-day battle) a rich Spanish galleon, Santa Maria de San Vicente off Bermuda which he took with him as a prize back to England.[10]
As April 1586 passed, there was no sign of Grenville's relief fleet. Meanwhile, in June, bad blood resulted from the destruction of the village, and this spurred an attack on the fort by the local Native Americans, which the colonists were able to repel.[11]:5 Soon after the attack, Sir Francis Drake was on his way home from a successful raid in the Caribbean, and he stopped at the colony and offered to take the colonists back to England. Several accepted, including metallurgist Joachim Gans. On this return voyage, the Roanoke colonists introduced tobacco, maize, and potatoes to England.[11]:5 The relief fleet arrived shortly after Drake's departure with the colonists. Finding the colony abandoned, Grenville returned to England with the bulk of his force, leaving behind a small detachment of fifteen men both to maintain an English presence and to protect Raleigh's claim to Roanoke Island.[12]:127
Lost Colony
In 1587, Raleigh dispatched a new group of 115 colonists to establish a colony on Chesapeake Bay. They were led by John White, an artist and friend of Raleigh who had accompanied the previous expedition to Roanoke, and was appointed governor of the 1587 colony. White and Raleigh named 12 assistants to aid in the settlement. They were ordered to stop at Roanoke to pick up the small contingent left there by Grenville the previous year, but when they arrived on July 22, 1587, they found nothing except a skeleton that may have been the remains of one of the English garrison.[8]
Baptism of Virginia Dare, the first English child born in North America. Lithograph, 1880
When they could find no one,[8] the master pilot Simon Fernandez refused to let the colonists return to the ships, insisting that they establish the new colony on Roanoke.[7]:215 His motives remain unclear, however, and new evidence offered by author Brandon Fullam indicates not only that Fernandez had good reason for his actions, but that the decision to alter the Chesapeake Bay destination had already been agreed to prior to their arrival at Roanoke.[13]
White re-established relations with the Croatan and other local tribes, but those with whom Lane had fought previously refused to meet with him. Shortly thereafter, colonist George Howe was killed by a native while searching alone for crabs in Albemarle Sound.[14]:120–23
The colonists persuaded Governor White to return to England to explain the colony's desperate situation and ask for help.[14]:120–23 Left behind were about 115 colonists – the remaining men and women who had made the Atlantic crossing plus White's newly born granddaughter Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the Americas.[12]:19
White sailed for England in late 1587, although crossing the Atlantic at that time of year was a considerable risk.[15] Plans for a relief fleet were delayed first by the captain's refusal to return during the winter, and then the attack on England of the Spanish Armada and the subsequent Anglo-Spanish War. Every able English ship joined the fight, leaving White without a means to return to Roanoke at the time.[4]:125–26 In the spring of 1588, White managed to acquire two small vessels and sailed for Roanoke; however, his attempt to return was thwarted when the captains of the ships attempted to capture several Spanish ships on the outward-bound voyage (in order to improve their profits). They themselves were captured and their cargo seized. With nothing left to deliver to the colonists, the ships returned to England.[4]:125–26
Return to the Lost Colony
Further information: Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition
The discovery of the word "Croatoan" carved onto a stockade board
Because of the continuing war with Spain, White was unable to mount another resupply attempt for an additional three years. He finally gained passage on a privateering expedition organised by John Watts and Walter Raleigh. They agreed to stop off at Roanoke on the way back after raiding the Spanish in the Caribbean. White landed on August 18, 1590, on his granddaughter's third birthday, but found the settlement deserted. His men could not find any trace of the 90 men, 17 women, and 11 children, nor was there any sign of a struggle or battle.[4]:130–33
The only clue was the word "CROATOAN" carved into a post of the fence around the village, and the letters C-R-O carved into a nearby tree. All the houses and fortifications had been dismantled, which meant that their departure had not been hurried. Before he had left the colony, White instructed the colonists that, if anything happened to them, they should carve a Maltese cross on a tree nearby, indicating that their absence had been forced. There was no cross, and White took this to mean that they had moved to Croatoan Island (now known as Hatteras Island), but he was unable to conduct a search. A massive storm was forming and his men refused to go any farther; the next day, they left.[4]:130–33
Thomas Harriot
Born in 1560, Thomas Harriot entered Raleigh's employment in the early 1580s, after graduating from the University of Oxford. Harriot may have been among the men of Arthur Barlowe's 1584 expedition of the colony. He trained the members of Raleigh's first Roanoke expedition in navigational skills and eventually sailed to Roanoke with the second group of settlers, where his skills as a naturalist became particularly important along with those of painter and settlement leader John White.[16]
Between their arrival in Roanoke in April 1585 and the July 1586 departure, Harriot and White both conducted detailed studies of the Roanoke area, with Harriot compiling his samples and notes into several notebooks that did not survive the colony's disappearance. Harriot also wrote descriptions of the surrounding flora and fauna of the area, which survive in his work A Brief and True Report of the New Founde Land of Virginia, written as a report on the colony's progress to the English government on the request of Raleigh. Viewed by modern historians as propaganda for the colony, this work has become vastly important to Roanoke's history due to Harriot's observations on wildlife as well as his depictions of Indian activities at the time of the colony's disappearance.[16]
Harriot reports that relations between the Roanoke Indians and the English settlers were mutually calm and prosperous, contradicting other historical evidence that catalogs the bloody struggles between the Roanoke Indians and both of Raleigh's commanders, Sir Richard Grenville and his successor, Ralph Lane. Harriot recounts little to none of these accounts in his report to England and does not mention the disorderly state of the colony under either Grenville's or Lane's tenure, correctly assuming these facts would prevent Roanoke from gaining more settlers. Harriot's text did not reach England, or the English press, until 1588, by which time the fate of the "Lost Colony" was sealed in all but name.[16]
Investigations into Roanoke
Reconstructed fortifications at Fort Raleigh National Historic Site
Twelve years went by before Raleigh decided to find out what happened to his colony. Led by Samuel Mace, this 1602 expedition differed from previous voyages in that Raleigh bought his own ship and guaranteed the sailors' wages so that they would not be distracted by privateering. However, Raleigh still hoped to make money from the trip, and Mace's ship landed in the Outer Banks to gather aromatic woods or plants such as sassafras that would generate a decent profit back in England. By the time they could turn their attention to the colonists, the weather had turned bad and they were forced to return without even making it to Roanoke Island. By this time, having been arrested for treason, Raleigh was unable to send any further missions.[4]:134–35
There was one final expedition in 1603 led by Bartholomew Gilbert with the intention of finding Roanoke colonists. Their intended destination was Chesapeake Bay, but bad weather forced them to land in an unspecified location near there. The landing team, including Gilbert himself, was killed by a group of Native Americans for unknown reasons on July 29. The remaining crew were forced to return to England empty-handed.[17]
Meanwhile, the Spanish had different reasons for wanting to find the colony. Knowing of Raleigh's plans to use Roanoke as a base for privateering, they were hoping to destroy it. Moreover, they had been getting mostly inaccurate reports of activities there, and they imagined the colony to be far more successful than it actually was.[4]:135–37
In 1590, they found the remnants of the colony purely by accident, but assumed it was only an outlying base of the main settlement, which they believed was in the Chesapeake Bay area (John White's intended location). But just as the Anglo-Spanish War prevented White from returning in a timely manner, Spanish authorities in the New World could not muster enough support back home for such a venture.[4]:135–37
Reports of John Smith and William Strachey
Once the Jamestown settlement was established in 1607, efforts were undertaken by the English to acquire information from the Powhatan tribe about Roanoke. The first definitive information concerning the fate of the Lost Colony came from Captain John Smith, leader of the Jamestown Colony from 1608 to 1609. According to chronicler Samuel Purchas, Smith learned from Chief Powhatan that he had personally conducted the slaughter of the Roanoke colonists just prior to the arrival of the Jamestown settlers because they were living with the Chesepians, a tribe living in the eastern portion of the present-day South Hampton Roads sub-region who were related to the Pamlico tribe in Carolina and who refused to merge with the Powhatans.[18]:21–24 This shocking information was reported to England and by the spring of 1609, King James and the Royal Council were convinced that Chief Powhatan was responsible for the slaughter of the Lost Colony.
The second source of Chief Powhatan’s involvement was William Strachey, Secretary of the Jamestown colony in 1610–11. Strachey’s The Historie of Travaile Into Virginia Britannia seemed to confirm Smith’s report and provided additional information: the colonists had been living peacefully among a group of natives beyond Powhatan’s domain for more than twenty years when they were massacred. Furthermore, Powhatan himself seemed to have directed the slaughter because of prophecies by his priests that he would be overthrown by people from that area,[19]:101 and he reportedly produced several English-made iron implements to back his claim.[20]
The information from these two sources, John Smith and William Strachey, provides the basis for the traditional view that the Lost Colony was slaughtered by Chief Powhatan, and versions of the Powhatan-Lost Colony-slaughter scenario have persisted for more than 400 years. However, no bodies were found and no archaeological evidence has been found to support this claim.[21]
Furthermore, recent re-examination of the Smith and Strachey sources advanced by author and researcher Brandon Fullam has suggested that the massacre described by Powhatan was actually of the 15 people left behind by the first Roanoke expedition, leaving the fate of the second colony still unknown.[20][22]
Hypotheses about the disappearance
Integration with local tribes
The Francis Nelson (or Zuniga) map, c. 1607
As per Smith's and Strachey's reports, Dr. David Beers Quinn theorized that the colonists moved north to integrate with the Chesepians that Chief Powhatan claimed to have killed. To make the journey northward, Quinn believed that they used the pinnace and other small boats to transport themselves and their belongings. Naturally, if that were the mode of transportation, the colonists could have gone to live in other locations as well.[21]
In her 2000 book Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony, historian Lee Miller postulated that some of the Lost Colony survivors sought shelter with the Chowanoke, who were attacked by another tribe, identified by the Jamestown Colony as the "Mandoag" (an Algonquian name commonly given to enemy nations). The Mandoag are believed to be either the Tuscarora, an Iroquois-speaking tribe,[23]:45 or the Eno, also known as the Wainoke.[12]:255–56
The so-called "Zuniga Map" (named for Pedro de Zúñiga, the Spanish ambassador to England, who had secured a copy and passed it on to Philip III of Spain[24]:112), drawn about 1607 by the Jamestown settler Francis Nelson, also gives credence to this claim. The map states "four men clothed that came from roonock" were living in an Iroquois site on the Neuse. William Strachey wrote that, at the Indian settlements of Peccarecanick and Ochanahoen, there were reportedly two-story houses with stone walls. The Indians supposedly had learned how to build them from the Roanoke settlers.[25]:222 In both cases, as stated above, it is equally possible that these were survivors of Chief Powhatan's attack on the first Jamestown colonists.[20]
There were also reported sightings of European captives at various Indian settlements during the same time period.[12]:250 Strachey wrote in 1612 that four English men, two boys and one girl had been sighted at the Eno settlement of Ritanoc, under the protection of a chief called Eyanoco. Strachey reported that the captives were forced to beat copper and that they had escaped the attack on the other colonists and fled up the Chaonoke river, the present-day Chowan River in Bertie County, North Carolina.[12]:242[25]:222[26]
John Lawson wrote in his 1709 work A New Voyage to Carolina that the Croatans living on Hatteras Island used to live on Roanoke Island and claimed to have white ancestors:
A farther Confirmation of this we have from the Hatteras Indians, who either then lived on Ronoak-Island, or much frequented it. These tell us, that several of their Ancestors were white People, and could talk in a Book, as we do; the Truth of which is confirm'd by gray Eyes being found frequently amongst these Indians, and no others. They value themselves extremely for their Affinity to the English, and are ready to do them all friendly Offices. It is probable, that this Settlement miscarry'd for want of timely Supplies from England; or thro' the Treachery of the Natives, for we may reasonably suppose that the English were forced to cohabit with them, for Relief and Conversation; and that in process of Time, they conform'd themselves to the Manners of their Indian Relations.[27]
From the early 17th century to the middle 18th century, European colonists reported encounters with gray-eyed American Indians who claimed descent from the colonists[12]:257, 263 (although at least one, a story of a Welsh priest who met a Doeg warrior who spoke the Welsh language, is likely to be a hoax).[28]:76 Records from French Huguenots who settled along the Tar River in 1696 tell of meeting Tuscaroras with blond hair and blue eyes not long after their arrival. As Jamestown was the nearest English settlement, and they had no record of being attacked by Tuscarora, the likelihood that the origin of those fair-skinned natives was the Lost Colony is high.[23]:28
Fred Willard and Phillip MacMullan believe that the colonists along with the Croatans relocated to villages along the Alligator River in an area known as "Beechland", slightly inland from Roanoke Island. Archeological remains of settlements have been discovered in the area, including coffins with Christian markings on them where there had been no previous record of a grave site, but their hypothesis is mostly based on oral histories and also lacks any definitive evidence.[21]
In the late 1880s, North Carolina state legislator Hamilton McMillan discovered that his "redbones" (those of Indian blood) neighbors in Robeson County claimed to have been descended from the Roanoke settlers. He also noticed that many of the words in their language had striking similarities to obsolete English words. Furthermore, many of the family names were identical to those listed in Hakluyt's account of the colony. Thus on February 10, 1885, convinced that these were the descendants of the Lost Colony, he helped to pass the "Croatan bill", that officially designated the population around Robeson county as Croatan.[25]:231–33 Two days later on February 12, 1885, the Fayetteville Observer published an article regarding the Robeson people's origins. This article states:
They say that their traditions say that the people we call the Croatan Indians (though they do not recognize that name as that of a tribe, but only a village, and that they were Tuscaroras), were always friendly to the whites; and finding them destitute and despairing of ever receiving aid from England, persuaded them to leave [Roanoke Island], and go to the mainland... They gradually drifted away from their original seats, and at length settled in Robeson, about the center of the county...[29]
However, the case was far from settled. A similar legend claims that the now extinct Saponi of Person County, North Carolina, are descended from the English colonists of Roanoke Island. However, no documented evidence exists to link the Saponi to the Roanoke colonists.
Other tribes claiming partial descent from surviving Roanoke colonists include the Catawba (who absorbed the Shakori and Eno people), and the Coree and the people who call themselves the Lumbee. Samuel A'Court Ashe was convinced that the colonists had relocated westward to the banks of the Chowan River in Bertie County, and Conway Whittle Sams claimed that after being attacked by Wanchese and Powhatan, the colonists scattered to multiple locations: the Chowan River, and south to the Pamlico and Neuse Rivers.[25]:233
Other theories
Spanish
Another theory is that the Spanish destroyed the colony. Earlier in the century, the Spanish did destroy evidence of the French colony of Fort Charles in coastal South Carolina and then massacred the inhabitants of Fort Caroline, a French colony near present-day Jacksonville, Florida. However, a Spanish attack is unlikely, as the Spanish were still looking for the location of England's failed colony as late as 1600, ten years after White discovered that the colony was missing.[4]:137
Dare Stones
Main article: Dare Stones
From 1937 to 1941, a series of inscribed stones were discovered that were claimed to have been written by Eleanor Dare, mother of Virginia Dare. They told of the travelings of the colonists and their ultimate deaths. Most historians believe that they are a fraud, but there are some today who still believe at least one of the stones to be genuine.[30]
Virginia Pars Map
In May 2011, Brent Lane of the First Colony Foundation was studying the Virginia Pars Map, which was made by John White during his 1585 visit to Roanoke Island, and noticed two patches where the map had been corrected. The patches are made of paper contemporaneous with that of the map. Lane asked researchers at the British Museum in London, where the map has been kept since 1866, what might be under the patches, sparking a research investigation. On May 3, 2012, at Wilson Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, members of the Foundation and representatives of the museum announced the discovery of "a large, square-shaped symbol with oddly shaped corners." This symbol, presumed to represent a fort, is visible when the map is viewed on a light box.[31] Some scholars speculate that the colonists relocated to that location, on what is now called Salmon Creek in the Bertie County community of Merry Hill. The Scotch Hall Preserve golf course community was planned on the site, but it has not been fully developed.[32]
The discovery of new information on the map led to more study of artifacts previously found, as well as additional digs in 2012 and 2014.[33]
Archaeological evidence
In 1993, Hurricane Emily caused numerous relics to appear, and David Phelps of East Carolina University later began digging in the area and found evidence the settlers lived with the native people.[34]
In 1998, East Carolina University organized "The Croatoan Project", an archaeological investigation into the events at Roanoke. The excavation team sent to Hatteras Island uncovered what they believed to be a 10 karat (42%) gold 16th-century English signet ring, gun flints, and two copper farthings (produced sometime in the 1670s) at the site of the ancient Croatan capital, 50 miles (80 km) from the old Roanoke Colony. Genealogists were able to trace the lion crest on the signet ring to the Kendall coat of arms, and concluded that the ring most likely belonged to one Master Kendall who is recorded as having lived in the Roanoke Colony from 1585 to 1586. If this is the case, the ring represents the first material connection between the Roanoke colonists and the Native Americans on Hatteras Island.[35][36][37][38] However, archaeologist David Phelps did not have the ring tested, and Charles Ewen, who continued Phelps' work after Phelps retired, had the ring tested and found the ring was brass. Ewen announced his findings in April 2017. Mark Horton of the University of Bristol said he was not convinced that this news proved the ring did not date to the 16th century.[39]
It is also believed that the reason for the extreme deficiency in archaeological evidence is due to shoreline erosion. Since all that was found was a rustic looking fort on the north shore, and this location is well-documented and backed up, it is believed that the settlement must have been nearby. The northern shore, between 1851 and 1970, lost 928 feet (283 m) because of erosion. If in the years leading up to and following the brief life of the settlement at Roanoke, shoreline erosion was following the same trend, it is likely the site of the dwellings is underwater, along with any artifacts or signs of life.[40] Archaeological investigations continue to find tantalizing clues and funding is being sought to continue recent excavations.[41]
Climate factors
In 1998, a team led by climatologist David W. Stahle, of the University of Arkansas and archaeologist Dennis B. Blanton of the College of William and Mary used tree ring cores from 800-year-old bald cypresses taken from the Roanoke Island area of North Carolina and the Jamestown area of Virginia to reconstruct precipitation and temperature chronologies.
The researchers concluded that the settlers of the Lost Colony landed at Roanoke Island in the summer of the worst growing-season drought in 800 years. "This drought persisted for 3 years, from 1587 to 1589, and is the driest 3-year episode in the entire 800-year reconstruction," the team reported in the journal Science. A map shows that "the Lost Colony drought affected the entire southeastern United States but was particularly severe in the Tidewater region near Roanoke [Island]." The authors suggested that the Croatan who were shot and killed by the colonists may have been scavenging the abandoned village for food as a result of the drought.[42][43]
Lost Colony of Roanoke DNA Project
The Lost Colony of Roanoke DNA Project was founded in 2007 by a group led by Roberta Estes, who owns a private DNA-testing company, in order to solve the mystery of the Lost Colony using historical records, migration patterns, oral histories and DNA testing. The project used Y chromosome, Mitochondrial DNA and Autosomal DNA.[44] As of 2016[update], they have not yet been able to positively identify any descendants of the colony.
In popular culture
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Books
The White Doe: The Fate of Virginia Dare (1901) is one of the many novels about the most settlers of the Roanoke Colony, Virginia Dare, that details the theory of assimilation. In this story, Dare is married off into the Croatan tribe.
The Daughter of Virginia Dare (1908) is another novel about Virginia Dare, in which the author claims Dare to be the mother of Pocahontas.
Rising Shore Roanoke (2007) by Deborah Homsher
The Missing Book 3: Sabotaged (2010) by Margaret Peterson Haddix
Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter by Seth Grahame-Smith, released in 2010, features a character called Henry, a vampire who was a part of the Roanoke Colony. Through this character, the novel presents a situation in which "Cro" referred to the Colony's Doctor Crowley. In this fictional version of events, the Colony was wiped out by Dr. Crowley, a vampire who then turned Henry into a vampire to be his companion.
The Last American Vampire is the 2015 sequel to Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. This time, the story follows the character, Henry. He reveals that he lied about the death of Virginia Dare and that in truth, he kept her alive and raised her as his own. In this version of events, Dare is still alive and lives on as a vampire.
Comics
Marvel 1602, a 2003 comic book series, provides an alternate timeline in which the Roanoke Colony thrived and places many Marvel characters, such as Steve Rogers in this situation.
Marvel Comics Presents, an American comic book anthology series published by Marvel Comics, included a story[45] in which the responsible of the disappearance of the Roanoke Colony was a Vinland viking settler turned into a vampire circa AD 1000.
Film
The dramatic feature, The Legend of Two Path (1998), recounts the arrival of the English settlers from the viewpoint of the Native Americans of Roanoke Island in 1584.
2004 crime thriller Mindhunters is about someone who goes missing from a group of FBI trainees, only to be found in the Lost Colony after leaving the word 'Croatoan' behind as a clue.
Wraiths of Roanoke, otherwise known as The Lost Colony is a 2007 Sci Fi original movie the features the perspective of Ananias Dare, the father of Virginia and the one John White leaves in charge of the Colony while he is gone. In this fictional story, Vikings are responsible for the Colony's disappearance, and the victims become ghosts that haunt the island. Ananias Dare defeats the ghosts and sends Virginia away from the island, who is then raised by Manteo, the Croatan.
TV
Stephen King's 1999 miniseries, Storm of the Century is loosely based on the story of the Roanoke Colony and offers a theory as to what happened.
In cancelled TV series, FreakyLinks (2000), character Embry's brother dies whilst investigating the disappearance of the Roanoke Colony. Virginia Dare is alive as a demonic being in this story who is revealed to have been responsible for killing off the Roanoke Colony.
In 2005 TV series Haven, a character dreams of the Roanoke Colony. The word 'Croatoan' comes to symbolize a monster.
The first season of Sleepy Hollow (2013) connects The Legend of Sleepy Hollow to the story of the Roanoke Colony. In this adaptation, the Horseman of Pestilence supposedly visited Roanoke Island and infected its inhabitants with plague. Virginia Dare became a ghost and led her fellow settlers to Upstate New York where they continue to haunt to this day.
American Horror Story: Roanoke, which came out in 2016, is the sixth season of American Horror Story, features the colonists from real life as spirits that haunt North Carolina due to a deal that John White's wife made with a witch. As a result, they must perform blood rituals and murder people during the month of October.
Internet
"The Mysterious Disappearance of the Roanoke Colony", released on November 17, 2017, is an episode of BuzzFeed Unsolved: Supernatural in which the various theories that surround the disappearance are discussed.
See also
List of colonists at Roanoke
Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site
List of people who disappeared mysteriously
Timeline of the colonization of North America
References
Jump up ^ "Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh March 25, 1584". University of Groningen. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Quinn, David B. (February 1985). Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 1584–1606. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-4123-5. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.designhammer.com, Website graphic design and web development by DesignHammer Media Group LLC, Building Smarter Websites. "North Carolina History Project : Roanoke Island". www.northcarolinahistory.org. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (January 25, 1984). Roanoke, The Abandoned Colony. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-7339-1. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Campbell-Dollaghan, Kelsey. "New Discoveries Could Explain What Happened to the Lost Colony of Roanoke". Gizmodo. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Teacher Handbook to Roanoke Revisited". Fort Raleigh National Historic Site. National Park Service. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Milton, Giles (October 19, 2001). Big Chief Elizabeth: The Adventures and Fate of the First English Colonists in America. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-42018-5. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Blacker, Irwin (1965). Hakluyt's Voyages: The Principle Navigations Voyages Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation. New York: The Viking Press. p. 522.
Jump up ^ Lane, Ralph. "The Account by Ralph Lane. An account of the particularities of the imployments of the English men left in Roanoke by Richard Grenville under the charge of Master Ralph Lane Generall of the same, from the 17. of August 1585. until the 18. of June 1586. at which time they departed the Countrey; sent and directed to Sir Walter Ralegh". Old South Leaflets (General Series) ; No. 119. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Miller p 104
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Walter Lynwood (1909). The South in the Building of the Nation: History of the States. The Southern historical publication society. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Miller, Lee (2000). Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-584-4. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Fullam, Brandon The Lost Colony of Roanoke: New Perspectives, Chapt. 3 ISBN 978-1-4766-6786-7
^ Jump up to: a b Grizzard, Frank E.; Smith, D. Boyd (2007). Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-637-4. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Neville, John D. "The John White Colony". National Park Service. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Harriot, Thomas. Nina Baym, ed. A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. The Norton Anthology of American Literature.
Jump up ^ Zandt, Cynthia J. Van (2008-07-08). Brothers Among Nations: The Pursuit of Intercultural Alliances in Early America, 1580–1660. Oxford University Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780199720552. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Parramore, Thomas C.; Stewart, Peter C.; Bogger, Tommy L. (April 2000). Norfolk: The First Four Centuries. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-1988-1. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Strachey, William (1612). The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia: Expressing the cosmographie and commodities of the country, togither with the manners and customes of the people. Hakluyt Society. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gabriel-Powell, Andy (October 14, 2016). Richard Grenville and the Lost Colony of Roanoke. McFarland. pp. 118–120. ISBN 9781476626680. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c McMullan, Jr., Philip S. "A Search for the Lost Colony in Beechland". The Lost Colony Center for Science and Research. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Fullam, Brandon The Lost Colony of Roanoke: New Perspectives.ISBN 978-1-4766-6786-7
^ Jump up to: a b Smallwood, Arwin D. (October 16, 2002). Bertie County: An Eastern Carolina History. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-2395-8. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Douglas (August 31, 2010). Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage That Redrew the Map of the New World. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-60819-098-0. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stick, David (November 1983). Roanoke Island, The Beginnings of English America. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-4110-5. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Warner, Charles Dudley, Captain John Smith, 1881. Repr. in Captain John Smith; Project Gutenberg Text; accessed April 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ Lawson, John (1709). A New Voyage to Carolina. London. p. 48.
Jump up ^ Williams, Gwyn A. (1979). Madoc, The Making of a Myth. Eyre Methuen. ISBN 978-0-413-39450-7. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Croatan Indians of Robeson". Fayetteville Observer [SUBSCRIPTION REQUIRED]. February 12, 1885. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ La Vere, David (July 2009). "The 1937 Chowan River 'Dare Stone': A Re-evaluation". North Carolina Historical Review.
Jump up ^ "Ancient map gives clue to fate of 'Lost Colony'". Science News. The Telegraph. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Price, Jay (May 4, 2012). "Old map offers new clues to fate of the Lost Colony". The Charlotte Observer.
Jump up ^ Waggoner, Martha (January 19, 2015). "Researchers hopeful that NC site is that of Lost Colony". News & Observer. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hampton, Jeff (July 7, 2017). "Artifacts show Lost Colony settlers lived with natives". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Family Crest on Sixteenth-Century Gold Ring Tentatively Identified". Roanoke Colonies Research Newsletter. East Carolina University. May 1999. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Croatan Dig 1998–1999 Season". Archived from the original on May 2, 2000. Retrieved 2007-03-07. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Guide to the Croatan 16".
Jump up ^ Duncan, Charles (April 11, 2017). "A simple lab test throws doubt on 'Lost Colony' theories". News & Observer. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lawler, Andrew (April 7, 2017). "The Mystery of Roanoke Endures Yet Another Cruel Twist". Smithsonian. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dolan, Robert; Kenton Bosserman (September 1972). "Shoreline Erosion and the Lost Colony". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 62 (3): 424–426. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1972.tb00875.x.
Jump up ^ Emery, Theo (August 11, 2015). "The Roanoke Island Colony: Lost, and Found?". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Stahle, David W.; et al. (1998). "The Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts". Science. 280 (5363): 564–567. doi:10.1126/science.280.5363.564. PMID 9554842.
Jump up ^ Caroline Lee Heuer; Jonathon T. Overpeck. "Drought: A Paleo Perspective – Lost Colony and Jamestown Drought". Ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Stephenie Koehn, "DNA pro at work on an old mystery/ Brighton area woman a part of Lost Colony research", The Ann Arbor News, (Ann Arbor, MI), 27 July 2007, hosted at Lost Colony website
Jump up ^ Kaminski, Len (w), Heck, Don (p), Ivy, Chris (i), Ivy, Chris (col), Starkings, Richard (let), Kavanagh, Terry] (ed). "Norse Blood" Marvel Comics Presents 63: 25 (November 1990), New York, NY: Marvel Comics
Further reading
Hariot, Thomas, John White and John Lawson (1999). A Vocabulary of Roanoke. Evolution Publishing: Merchantville, NJ. ISBN 1-889758-81-7. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) This volume contains practically everything known about the Croatan language spoken on Roanoke Island.
Miller, Lee, Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony Retrieved April 2011
Giles Milton (2000). Big Chief Elizabeth. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-26501-1. Critically acclaimed account, based on contemporary travel accounts from 1497–1611, of attempts to establish a colony in the Roanoke area. Milton is also the author of the 2013 children's fictional work, Children of the Wild, which tells the story of the colony through the eyes of four English children.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roanoke Colony.
The finding of Raleigh's lost colony (1907)
The Lost Colony of Roanoke loses its portrait of Queen Elizabeth I
show
v
t
e
Kingdom of England
History
Timeline
Anglo-Saxon England
Heptarchy
Kingdom of England
Norman conquest
Anglo-Normans
The Anarchy
Angevin Empire
England in the Late Middle Ages
Economy in the Middle Ages
Wars of the Roses
Tudor period
English Reformation
Elizabethan era
English Renaissance
Stuart period
Union of the Crowns
Gunpowder Plot
Jacobean era
Civil War
Interregnum
Commonwealth of England
The Protectorate
Restoration
Popish Plot
Glorious Revolution
Union with Scotland
Overseas possessions
Maritime history
Royal Houses
Wessex
Knýtlinga
Normandy
Angevin
Plantagenet
Lancaster
York
Tudor
Stuart
Orange-Nassau
Politics
Law
Witenagemot
Curia regis
Parliament
House of Lords
House of Commons
Monarchy
Council of State
Lord Protector
Peerage
Privy Council
Ministries
Secretary of State
Governance
Elizabethan
Star Chamber
Whigs
Tories
Acts of Parliament: to 1483
1485–1601
1603–1641
1642–1660
1660–1699
1700–1706
Military
Anglo-Saxon military
Warfare
English Army
New Model Army
Royal Navy
Ships
History
Geography
Counties
Islands
Places
Towns
Castles
Palaces
Demographics
English language
English people
list
Culture
Religion
Church of England
Cuisine
Folklore
Morris dance
Country dance
Architecture
Anglo-Saxon
English Gothic
Tudor
Elizabethan
Jacobean
Queen Anne
Georgian
Symbols
National flag (list)
Heraldry
Coat of arms
College of Arms
Royal badges
Royal supporters
Royal standards
Crown Jewels
Tudor rose
Oak tree
St George
St George's Day
Articles on the history of England
Coordinates: 35°55′42″N 75°42′15″W / 35.928259°N 75.704098°W / 35.928259; -75.704098
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roanoke_Colony&oldid=843591647"
Categories:
Roanoke Colony
Colonial North Carolina
Colonization history of the United States
Colonial United States (British)
English colonization of the Americas
Former English colonies
Dare County, North Carolina
Elizabeth I of England
History of the Thirteen Colonies
1580s in North America
1580s in the British Empire
Pre-statehood history of North Carolina
Ghost towns in North Carolina
Lost cities and towns
Missing people
Unexplained disappearances
States and territories established in 1585
States and territories disestablished in the 1590s
1585 establishments in North America
1590s disestablishments in North America
1585 establishments in the British Empire
1590s disestablishments in England
16th century in North America
1590s missing person cases
Hidden categories:
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
Wikipedia semi-protected pages
Wikipedia introduction cleanup from March 2018
All pages needing cleanup
Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from March 2018
All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Use mdy dates from April 2016
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles needing additional references from December 2017
All articles needing additional references
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Azərbaycanca
Bân-lâm-gú
Български
Català
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
17 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 May 2018, at 04:25.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This article is semi-protected until April 11, 2019.

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Lost_Colony_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Lost Colony (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: b

value: span

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short

values: border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height: 105%;

values: vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0

values: border:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:right; line-height: 105%; font-size:30%;

values: text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;

values: vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #aaa; padding: 0.2em 0em 0.2em 0em;

values:
/wiki/File:Roanoke_map_1584.JPG
image
Location of Roanoke

values: text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;

values:
/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population
mw-redirect
List of countries by population

values:
/wiki/Orinoco_River
mw-redirect
Orinoco River

values:
/wiki/Manteo_(Croatan)
mw-redirect
Manteo (Croatan)

values:
/wiki/Wanchese_(chief)
mw-redirect
Wanchese (chief)

values:
/wiki/Simon_Fernandez
mw-redirect
Simon Fernandez

values: Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition

values:
/wiki/Iroquois_language
mw-redirect
Iroquois language

values:
/wiki/Fayetteville_Observer
mw-redirect
Fayetteville Observer

values:
/wiki/Saponi_people
mw-redirect
Saponi people

values:
/wiki/Shakori_people
mw-redirect
Shakori people

values: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

values:
/wiki/Karat_(purity)
mw-redirect
Karat (purity)

values:
/wiki/Signet_ring
mw-redirect
Signet ring

values:
/wiki/College_of_William_and_Mary
mw-redirect
College of William and Mary

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: The Legend of Two Path (page does not exist)

values: List of people who disappeared mysteriously

values: Timeline of the colonization of North America

values:
nofollow
external free
http://www.designhammer.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3130

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1838

values:
/wiki/News_%26_Observer
mw-redirect
News & Observer

values: Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554842

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.lost-colony.com/DNApro.html

values:
/wiki/New_York,_NY
mw-redirect
New York, NY

values: -moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Merchantville,_NJ
mw-redirect
Merchantville, NJ

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
/wiki/Anglo-Norman_England
mw-redirect
Anglo-Norman England

values:
/wiki/House_of_Lords_of_England
mw-redirect
House of Lords of England

values: List of Acts of the Parliament of England to 1483

values: List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1485–1601

values: List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1603–1641

values: List of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–1660

values: List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1660–1699

values: List of Acts of the Parliament of England, 1700–1706

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Category:Colonization history of the United States

values: Category:Colonial United States (British)

values: Category:English colonization of the Americas

values: Category:History of the Thirteen Colonies

values: Category:Pre-statehood history of North Carolina

values: Category:States and territories established in 1585

values: Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1590s

values: Category:1585 establishments in North America

values: Category:1590s disestablishments in North America

values: Category:1585 establishments in the British Empire

values: Category:1590s disestablishments in England

values: Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from March 2018

values: Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from March 2018

values: Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Roanoke_Colony
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Роаноук (колония) – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: 로어노크 식민지 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: מושבת רואנוק – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: ロアノーク植民地 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Роанок – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Роанок колонија – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Roanoke_Colony rootpage-Roanoke_Colony skin-vector action-view


text:
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
Print advertisement
Based on
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
by Dr. Seuss
Screenplay by
Dr. Seuss
Directed by
Chuck Jones
Starring
Boris Karloff
Uncredited:
June Foray
Thurl Ravenscroft
Narrated by
Boris Karloff
Theme music composer
Albert Hague
Eugene Poddany
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Producer(s)
Chuck Jones
Ted Geisel
Running time
26 min.
Production company(s)
Cat in the Hat Productions
MGM Animation/Visual Arts
Distributor
MGM Television
Budget
$315,000[1]
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
December 18, 1966 (1966-12-18)
Chronology
Followed by
Halloween Is Grinch Night
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (full title: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!) is a 1966 Christmas animated television special directed and co-produced by Chuck Jones. It is based on the eponymous children's book by Dr. Seuss, the story of the Grinch trying to take away Christmas from the townsfolk of Whoville below his mountain hideaway. Originally telecast in the United States on CBS on December 18, 1966, it went on to become a perennial holiday special. The special also features the voice of Boris Karloff as the Grinch and the narrator.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 Home video releases
5 Soundtrack
6 Sequels
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
The Grinch (voiced by Boris Karloff) is the film's main character. He lives in a cave atop Mt. Crumpit, located above the village of Whoville. The Grinch is a surly character with a heart "two sizes too small" who has especially hated Christmas for 53 years. On Christmas Eve, he finally becomes fed up with seeing the decorations and hearing all the music and caroling in the village and wishes he could stop Christmas Day from coming to Whoville. When he sees his dog, Max, with snow all over his face in the shape of a beard, he decides to disguise himself as Santa Claus and steal Christmas.
The Grinch makes himself a Santa coat and hat and disguises the innocent Max as a reindeer. He loads empty bags onto a sleigh and travels to Whoville with some difficulty. In the first house he is almost caught by Cindy Lou Who (voiced by an uncredited June Foray[2]), a small Who girl who wakes up and sees him taking the Christmas tree. Pretending to be Santa, the Grinch tells Cindy Lou that he is merely taking the tree to his workshop for repairs, and then gets her a drink before sending her back to bed. He empties the first house of all the food and Christmas-related items, namely presents, trees, mistletoes, and even the stockings on the chimney, then repeats the process at the other houses in Whoville, while also taking the village decorations.
With the Whos' stolen Christmas goods, the Grinch and Max travel back up Mt. Crumpit. Before dropping the loaded sleigh off the mountain, the Grinch waits to hear a sad cry from the Whos. However, down in the village, the Whos joyously begin to sing Christmas carols, proving that the spirit of Christmas does not depend on material things. The Grinch begins to understand the true meaning of Christmas, though he barely does so in time to prevent the stolen treats from going over the cliff and while he tries to stop the sleigh from falling off, his heart grows three sizes—granting him "the strength of ten Grinches, plus two!", which he needs to lift up the sleigh. He brings everything back to the Whos and participates in the holiday feast. He is given the honor of carving the roast beast, while Max gets the first slice for himself for all his troubles.
Production[edit]
Director Chuck Jones and children's-book author Ted Geisel (Dr. Seuss) had worked together on the Private Snafu training cartoons at Warner Bros. Cartoons during World War II.[3] How the Grinch Stole Christmas! was produced by The Cat in the Hat Productions in association with the television and animation divisions of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios.
The half-hour (with commercials) short was originally telecast in the United States on CBS on December 18, 1966.[3] CBS repeated it annually during the Christmas season until 1988.[4] It was then aired on various other networks multiple times a season. In the 1990s and 2000s, it was primarily seen on Turner-owned properties (TBS, TNT, and Cartoon Network), and later ABC and ABC Family. On August 13, 2015, NBC announced that the special would move to that network, which would air it twice during the Christmas season under a three-year licensing deal with Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution.[5]
Reception[edit]
The special was released in the midst of a wave of animated holiday specials, many of which (such as 1964's Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and 1965's A Charlie Brown Christmas) went on to become regarded as classics. It received modestly positive reviews at the time it was released. Critic Rick Du Brow said it was "probably as good as most of the other holiday cartoons."[6] It has since been recognized as a classic, with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 100% "fresh" rating on its website; the critical consensus reads, "How the Grinch Stole Christmas brings an impressive array of talent to bear on an adaptation that honors a classic holiday story – and has rightfully become a yuletide tradition of its own."[7] The special continues to be popular in Nielsen Ratings, with its 2010 airing (the last of many times it had aired that year) winning its time slot among persons 18 to 49 and finishing second in overall viewers.[8] TV Guide ranked the special No. 1 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list.[9]
Home video releases[edit]
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! was released to VHS and Betamax by MGM/UA Home Video in 1986, and was reissued several times. The special was first released to the VHS and DVD formats in 1999 and 2000 by Warner Home Video, which acquired the rights to the MGM library in the late 1990s. The DVD release featured another Seuss-based special, Horton Hears a Who!, and contained an audio commentary by Phil Roman and June Foray, interviews with Albert Hague and Thurl Ravenscroft, and the "Special Edition" documentary which aired alongside the special on TNT in 1994. The DVD was well-received for these bonus features, but also criticized for its sub-par picture quality; many critics pointed out that the Grinch looked yellow, not green, in this release.[10]
The special was re-released on DVD in 2006 and labeled as a "50th Birthday Deluxe Edition". That labeling refers to the 1957 date of the book's publication rather than to the date of the 1966 TV special. This DVD release featured a new retrospective featurette and contained all the bonus features from the previous release, except for the audio commentary, and the Grinch was restored to his original green color.[11] This edition is also available as part of the four-disc Classic Christmas Favorites box set. The special was again re-released on DVD with Phil Roman's and June Foray's audio commentary replacing the Horton Hears a Who! bonus special. The special was released on high definition Blu-ray Disc in 2009 with the title changed to Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! It contained all the bonus features from the 2000 DVD, except for Horton Hears a Who!, and also included a DVD of the special and a Digital Copy.[12]
Soundtrack[edit]
The special includes, nearly verbatim, the entire text of the original book, with a few embellishments. To pad the special to a full time slot, several animated sequences and musical numbers were added. As all the major networks had flipped to full color schedules by 1966, the special was likewise produced in color, establishing the Grinch's color (white in the two-tone illustrations of the original book) as green, a convention used in later television specials as well as the 2000 live-action film The Grinch. Three songs with lyrics were among the additions: "Welcome Christmas," "Trim up the Tree" and "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch." The last of these was performed by Thurl Ravenscroft; the other two were performed by a chorus representing the voices of the Whos. None of the vocalists were credited at the time.
On December 18, 1966, MGM released a soundtrack LP in conjunction with the television special. CD releases include albums produced by Island (1995) and Mercury Records. In the recorded version, Boris Karloff does all voices including Cindy Lou Who. The song "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch", which comically describes the level of the Grinch's despicable nature, includes all verses with their original rhyming lyrics and the isolated song tracks have different durations due to being re-recorded.[citation needed]
On October 5, 1999, Rhino Entertainment released a new CD soundtrack (which included the soundtrack for another Dr. Seuss cartoon, Horton Hears a Who). Both story collections contain selected dialogue and music numbers. The "isolated music tracks" in this edition are taken directly from the television soundtrack and are not the re-recorded tracks from earlier versions. The dialogues are the originals, being voiced by Boris Karloff for "Grinch" and Hans Conried for "Horton."
Because Thurl Ravenscroft was not credited in the closing credits of the 1966 television special as singing the song "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch",[2] it is sometimes attributed to Boris Karloff. After becoming aware of this oversight, Seuss himself called Ravenscroft and apologized profusely and later wrote letters to columnists nationwide telling them that it was Ravenscroft who provided vocals for the musical number.[citation needed] Karloff received a Grammy Award in the Spoken Word category—the only major performing award of his career—for the album.[13]
Sequels[edit]
A television special called Halloween Is Grinch Night, created by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, aired on ABC in 1977, eleven years after the Christmas special. This special involved a tale of the Grinch coming down to scare the Whos every Halloween. Though less successful than the original, it was awarded an Emmy.[14] A later cartoon, The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (alternately titled The Cat in the Hat Gets Grinched), aired on ABC in 1982. Though credited to DePatie-Freleng, it was produced by Marvel Productions, which had taken over DePatie-Freleng in 1981.
See also[edit]
Grammy Award for Best Album for Children
List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stephen Jacobs, Boris Karloff: More Than a Monster, Tomohawk Press 2011 p. 478
^ Jump up to: a b McCracken, Elizabeth (December 25, 2005). "Our Cereal Hero". New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Grinch at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "UPDATE / Lee Margulies". latimes.com. November 27, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'How The Grinch Stole Christmas' Animated Special Moves To NBC – TCA". Deadline.com. August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rick Du Brow (December 19, 1966). "Christmas 'Theft' A Charming Hour". Beaver County Times. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "How the Grinch Stole Christmas". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ TV ratings: CBS reruns dominate, ABC's double-'Grinch' wins demo. Zap2It. Retrieved December 26, 2010
Jump up ^ TV Guide Guide to TV. Barnes and Noble. 2004. p. 574. ISBN 0-7607-5634-1.
Jump up ^ "DVD Movie Guide: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas/Horton Hears A Who!: Special Edition (1966) review". Dvdmg.com. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "DVD Movie Guide: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas/Horton Hears A Who!: 50th Birthday Deluxe Edition (1966) review". Dvdmg.com. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "WHV Press Release: Seasonal Family Classics Combo Packs (Blu-ray)". Hometheaterforum.com. July 14, 2009. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Boris Karloff (British actor) – Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. March 18, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Primetime Emmy® Award Database | Emmys.com". Cdn.emmys.tv. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! on IMDb
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! at The Big Cartoon DataBase
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Dr. Seuss
Characters
The Cat in the Hat
The Grinch
Horton the Elephant
Bartholomew Cubbins
Bibliography
And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
The King's Stilts
The Seven Lady Godivas
Horton Hatches the Egg
McElligot's Pool
Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose
Bartholomew and the Oobleck
If I Ran the Zoo
Scrambled Eggs Super!
Horton Hears a Who!
On Beyond Zebra!
If I Ran the Circus
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories
Happy Birthday to You!
Green Eggs and Ham
One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish
The Sneetches and Other Stories
Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book
Dr. Seuss's ABC
Fox in Socks
Hop on Pop
I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew
Come over to My House 1
The Cat in the Hat Songbook
The Foot Book
I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?: Dr. Seuss's Book of Wonderful Noises!
The Lorax
Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!
Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are?
The Shape of Me and Other Stuff
Wacky Wednesday 1
Great Day for Up!
Oh, the Thinks You Can Think!
The Cat's Quizzer
I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
Oh Say Can You Say?
The Butter Battle Book
You're Only Old Once!
I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!
Oh, the Places You'll Go!
There's a Wocket in My Pocket
I Wish That I Had Duck Feet 1
Daisy-Head Mayzie 2
My Many Colored Days 2
Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! 2
The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories 2
Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories 2
What Pet Should I Get? 2
Adaptations
Television
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show (1956–57)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966)
Horton Hears a Who! (1970)
The Cat in the Hat (1971)
The Lorax (1972)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973)
The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977)
Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You? (1980)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)
The Butter Battle Book (1989)
In Search of Dr. Seuss (1994)
Daisy-Head Mayzie (1995)
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss (1996–98) (episodes)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (2005–07)
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (2010–present)
Green Eggs and Ham (2018)
Film
Horton Hatches the Egg (short; 1942)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (short; 1950)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Horton Hears a Who! (2008)
The Lorax (2012)
The Grinch (2018)
Other media
Welcome (Russian short film)
Seussical (musical)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical
The Grinch (video game)
Dr. Seuss: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (video game)
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (song)
The Lorax (play)
Other works
Private Snafu
The Pocket Book of Boners
Your Job in Germany
Our Job in Japan
Design for Death
The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T.
Hejji
Society of Red Tape Cutters
Flit
Related
A Fish out of Water
Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum
Beginner Books
Dr. Seuss Goes to War
The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss
Dr. Seuss National Memorial
Geisel Award
Geisel Library
Geisel School of Medicine
Helen Palmer
PM
Political messages of Dr. Seuss
Read Across America
Seuss Landing
1 as "Theo. LeSieg". 2 Posthumous.
[show]
v
t
e
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
Characters
Grinch
Book
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957)
Music
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (1966)
Adaptations
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966, TV special)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977, TV special)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982, TV special)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical (1994)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 live action film)
Dr. Seuss' The Grinch (2018 animated film)
Related
Dr. Seuss Memorial
[show]
v
t
e
Chuck Jones
Short
subjects
The Night Watchman (1938)
Dog Gone Modern (1939)
Robin Hood Makes Good (1939)
Prest-O Change-O (1939)
Daffy Duck and the Dinosaur (1939)
Naughty but Mice (1939)
Old Glory (1939)
Snowman's Land (1939)
Little Brother Rat (1939)
The Little Lion Hunter (1939)
The Good Egg (1939)
Sniffles and the Bookworm (1939)
The Curious Puppy (1939)
Mighty Hunters (1940)
Elmer's Candid Camera (1940)
Sniffles Takes a Trip (1940)
Tom Thumb in Trouble (1940)
The Egg Collector (1940)
Ghost Wanted (1940)
Stage Fright (1940)
Good Night Elmer (1940)
Bedtime for Sniffles (1940)
Elmer's Pet Rabbit (1941)
Sniffles Bells the Cat (1941)
Joe Glow, the Firefly (1941)
Porky's Ant (1941)
Toy Trouble (1941)
Porky's Prize Pony (1941)
Inki and the Lion (1941)
Snow Time for Comedy (1941)
The Brave Little Bat (1941)
Saddle Silly (1941)
Porky's Midnight Matinee (1941)
The Bird Came C.O.D. (1942)
Porky's Cafe (1942)
Conrad the Sailor (1942)
Dog Tired (1942)
The Draft Horse (1942)
Hold the Lion, Please (1942)
The Squawkin' Hawk (1942)
Fox Pop (1942)
The Dover Boys (1942)
My Favorite Duck (1942)
Case of the Missing Hare (1942)
Point Rationing of Foods (1943)
To Duck or Not to Duck (1943)
Flop Goes the Weasel (1943)
Super-Rabbit (1943)
The Unbearable Bear (1943)
The Aristo-Cat (1943)
Wackiki Wabbit (1943)
Fin'n Catty (1943)
Inki and the Minah Bird (1943)
Tom Turk and Daffy (1944)
Bugs Bunny and the 3 Bears (1944)
The Weakly Reporter (1944)
Angel Puss (1944)
From Hand to Mouse (1944)
Hell-Bent for Election (1944)
Odor-able Kitty (1945)
Trap Happy Porky (1945)
Hare Conditioned (1945)
Fresh Airedale (1945)
Hare Tonic (1945)
Quentin Quail (1946)
Hush My Mouse (1946)
Hair-Raising Hare (1946)
Fair and Worm-er (1946)
Roughly Squeaking (1946)
Scent-imental Over You (1947)
Inki at the Circus (1947)
A Pest in the House (1947)
Little Orphan Airedale (1947)
House Hunting Mice (1948)
A Feather in His Hare (1948)
What's Brewin', Bruin? (1948)
Rabbit Punch (1948)
Haredevil Hare (1948)
You Were Never Duckier (1948)
Daffy Dilly (1948)
My Bunny Lies over the Sea (1948)
Scaredy Cat (1948)
Awful Orphan (1949)
Mississippi Hare (1949)
Mouse Wreckers (1949)
The Bee-Deviled Bruin (1949)
Long-Haired Hare (1949)
Often an Orphan (1949)
Fast and Furry-ous (1949)
Frigid Hare (1949)
For Scent-imental Reasons (1949)
So Much for So Little (1949)
Bear Feat (1949)
Rabbit Hood (1949)
Often an Orphan (1949)
The Ducksters (1950)
Dog Gone South (1950)
8 Ball Bunny (1950)
The Hypo-Chondri-Cat (1950)
Homeless Hare (1950)
The Scarlet Pumpernickel (1950)
Caveman Inki (1950)
Rabbit of Seville (1950)
Scentimental Romeo (1951)
Bunny Hugged (1951)
Rabbit Fire (1951)
Feed the Kitty (1952)
Water, Water Every Hare (1952)
The Hasty Hare (1952)
Rabbit Seasoning (1952)
Duck Amuck (1953)
Much Ado About Nutting (1953)
Wild Over You (1953)
Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century (1953)
Bully for Bugs (1953)
Lumber Jack-Rabbit (1953)
Duck! Rabbit, Duck! (1953)
Punch Trunk (1953)
No Barking (1954)
Sheep Ahoy (1954)
Feline Frame-Up (1954)
Baby Buggy Bunny (1954)
One Froggy Evening (1955)
Double or Mutton (1955)
Rabbit Rampage (1955)
Heaven Scent (1955)
Rocket-bye Baby (1956)
Ali Baba Bunny (1957)
What's Opera, Doc? (1957)
Scrambled Aches (1957)
Zoom and Bored (1957)
Robin Hood Daffy (1958)
Hare-Way to the Stars (1958)
Hook, Line and Stinker (1958)
Hip Hip-Hurry! (1958)
Hot-Rod and Reel! (1959)
Wild About Hurry (1959)
Fastest with the Mostest (1960)
Hopalong Casualty (1960)
Who Scent You? (1960)
Rabbit's Feat (1960)
High Note (1960)
Ready, Woolen and Able (1960)
Compressed Hare (1961)
Zip 'N Snort (1961)
Lickety-Splat (1961)
Beep Prepared (1961)
Now Hear This (1962)
Zoom at the Top (1962)
A Sheep in the Deep (1962)
Louvre Come Back to Me! (1962)
Hare-Breadth Hurry (1963)
Transylvania 6-5000 (1963)
To Beep or Not to Beep (1963)
Tom and Jerry (cartoon shorts, 1963–1967)
War and Pieces (1964)
The Dot and the Line (1965)
The Bear That Wasn't (1967)
Man: The Polluter (1973)
Chariots of Fur (1994)
Another Froggy Evening (1995)
Superior Duck (1996)
From Hare to Eternity (1997)
Television
specials
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966)
The Pogo Special Birthday Special (1969)
Horton Hears a Who! (1970)
The Cat in the Hat (1971, producer)
The Cricket in Times Square (1973)
A Very Merry Cricket (1973)
Yankee Doodle Cricket (1975)
The White Seal (1975)
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (1975)
Mowgli's Brothers (1976)
Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals (1976)
Raggedy Ann and Andy in The Great Santa Claus Caper (1978)
Raggedy Ann and Andy in The Pumpkin Who Couldn't Smile (1979)
Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales (1979)
Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over (1980)
A Chipmunk Christmas (1981)
Feature films
Sleeping Beauty (1959, layout artist)
Gay Purr-ee (1962, screenplay)
The Phantom Tollbooth (1970)
The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie (1979)
Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales (1982)
Stay Tuned (1992, animation sequence)
Books
Daffy Duck for President (1997)
Comics
Crawford (1977–1978)
Characters
Bugs Bunny
Charlie Dog
Claude Cat
Daffy Duck
Elmer Fudd
Gossamer
Hubie and Bertie
Marc Antony and Pussyfoot
Marvin the Martian
Michigan J. Frog
Penelope Pussycat
Pepé Le Pew
Porky Pig
Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog
Sniffles
The Three Bears
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
Witch Hazel
Other works
Chuck Amuck: The Movie
Chuck Jones: Extremes & Inbetweens – A Life in Animation
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas!_(TV_special)&oldid=818825212"
Categories:
1966 television films
CBS television specials
1966 television specials
Animated television specials
Christmas television specials
Musical television specials
Screenplays by Dr. Seuss
Television programs based on works by Dr. Seuss
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from December 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016
Pages containing citation needed template with deprecated parameters
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
Български
Español
فارسی
Français
Hrvatski
Italiano
Nederlands
Polski
Русский
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 5 January 2018, at 20:30.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: How the grinch stole christmas 1966 print ad premiere.jpg

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href title

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
/wiki/Christmas_Day
mw-redirect
Christmas Day

values: Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)

values:
/wiki/Nielsen_Ratings
mw-redirect
Nielsen Ratings

values:
/wiki/MGM/UA_Home_Video
mw-redirect
MGM/UA Home Video

values:
/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc
mw-redirect
Blu-ray Disc

values:
/wiki/Digital_Copy
mw-redirect
Digital Copy

values:
/wiki/The_Grinch_(2000_film)
mw-redirect
The Grinch (2000 film)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)

values: Grammy Award for Best Album for Children

values:
/wiki/DePatie-Freleng_Enterprises
mw-redirect
DePatie-Freleng Enterprises

values: List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.toonopedia.com/grinch.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.webcitation.org/6f3zO0qHv

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dvdmg.com/grinchhorton.shtml

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dvdmg.com/grinchdeluxe.shtml

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: q:How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0060345/
external text

values: And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street

values: I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew

values: I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories

values: Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!

values: Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories

values:
/wiki/The_Gerald_McBoing-Boing_Show
mw-redirect
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show

values: List of The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss episodes

values: The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!

values: How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)

values: Dr. Seuss: How the Grinch Stole Christmas!

values:
/wiki/Seuss_Landing
mw-redirect
Seuss Landing

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)

values: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Dog_Gone_Modern
mw-redirect
Dog Gone Modern

values:
/wiki/Snowman%27s_Land_(1939_film)
mw-redirect
Snowman's Land (1939 film)

values:
/wiki/Little_Brother_Rat
mw-redirect
Little Brother Rat

values:
/wiki/The_Good_Egg
mw-redirect
The Good Egg

values:
/wiki/The_Curious_Puppy
mw-redirect
The Curious Puppy

values:
/wiki/Mighty_Hunters
mw-redirect
Mighty Hunters

values:
/wiki/Tom_Thumb_in_Trouble
mw-redirect
Tom Thumb in Trouble

values:
/wiki/Stage_Fright
mw-redirect
Stage Fright

values:
/wiki/Good_Night_Elmer
mw-redirect
Good Night Elmer

values:
/wiki/Bedtime_for_Sniffles
mw-redirect
Bedtime for Sniffles

values:
/wiki/Sniffles_Bells_the_Cat
mw-redirect
Sniffles Bells the Cat

values:
/wiki/Toy_Trouble
mw-redirect
Toy Trouble

values:
/wiki/Porky%27s_Prize_Pony
mw-redirect
Porky's Prize Pony

values:
/wiki/Inki_and_the_Lion
mw-redirect
Inki and the Lion

values:
/wiki/Snow_Time_for_Comedy
mw-redirect
Snow Time for Comedy

values:
/wiki/The_Brave_Little_Bat
mw-redirect
The Brave Little Bat

values:
/wiki/Saddle_Silly
mw-redirect
Saddle Silly

values:
/wiki/The_Bird_Came_C.O.D.
mw-redirect
The Bird Came C.O.D.

values:
/wiki/Porky%27s_Cafe
mw-redirect
Porky's Cafe

values:
/wiki/Point_Rationing_of_Foods
mw-redirect
Point Rationing of Foods

values:
/wiki/The_Unbearable_Bear
mw-redirect
The Unbearable Bear

values:
/wiki/The_Aristo-Cat
mw-redirect
The Aristo-Cat

values:
/wiki/Fin%27n_Catty
mw-redirect
Fin'n Catty

values:
/wiki/Inki_and_the_Minah_Bird
mw-redirect
Inki and the Minah Bird

values:
/wiki/Bugs_Bunny_and_the_3_Bears
mw-redirect
Bugs Bunny and the 3 Bears

values:
/wiki/From_Hand_to_Mouse
mw-redirect
From Hand to Mouse

values:
/wiki/Fresh_Airedale
mw-redirect
Fresh Airedale

values:
/wiki/Hush_My_Mouse
mw-redirect
Hush My Mouse

values:
/wiki/Roughly_Squeaking
mw-redirect
Roughly Squeaking

values:
/wiki/Inki_at_the_Circus
mw-redirect
Inki at the Circus

values:
/wiki/What%27s_Brewin%27,_Bruin%3F
mw-redirect
What's Brewin', Bruin?

values:
/wiki/The_Bee-Deviled_Bruin
mw-redirect
The Bee-Deviled Bruin

values:
/wiki/Dog_Gone_South
mw-redirect
Dog Gone South

values:
/wiki/Caveman_Inki_(film)
mw-redirect
Caveman Inki (film)

values:
/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nutting
mw-redirect
Much Ado About Nutting

values:
/wiki/Heaven_Scent
mw-redirect
Heaven Scent

values:
/wiki/Another_Froggy_Evening
mw-redirect
Another Froggy Evening

values:
/wiki/Superior_Duck
mw-redirect
Superior Duck

values:
/wiki/The_Pogo_Special_Birthday_Special
mw-redirect
The Pogo Special Birthday Special

values: A Very Merry Cricket (page does not exist)

values: Yankee Doodle Cricket (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/The_White_Seal
mw-redirect
The White Seal

values: Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals

values: Raggedy Ann and Andy in The Great Santa Claus Caper

values: Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales

values: Category:Television programs based on works by Dr. Seuss

values: Category:Use mdy dates from December 2017

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016

values: Category:Pages containing citation needed template with deprecated parameters

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Как Гринч открадна Коледа (анимационен филм) – Bulgarian

values: چگونه گرینچ کریسمس را دزدید – Persian

values: Comment le Grinch a volé Noël ! – French

values: Kako je Grinch ukrao Božić! (1966.) – Croatian

values: Il Grinch e la favola di Natale! – Italian

values: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (animatiefilm) – Dutch

values: Как Гринч украл Рождество (мультфильм) – Russian

values: Як Ґрінч украв Різдво! (мультфільм) – Ukrainian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_TV_special rootpage-How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_TV_special skin-vector action-view