text:
Destrier
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This article is about the destrier, a type of war horse. For information about other Medieval horses, see Horses in the Middle Ages. For the album by Agent Fresco, see Destrier (album).
Mounted on a destrier, William Marshal unseats an opponent during a joust.
The destrier is the best-known war horse of the medieval era. It carried knights in battles, tournaments, and jousts. It was described by contemporary sources as the Great Horse, due to its significance.
The word destrier is derived from the Vulgar Latin dextarius, meaning "right-sided" (the same root as dexterous and dexterity). This may refer to it being led by the squire at the knight's right side (or led by the right hand) or to the horse's gait, (possibly leading with the right).[1]
While highly prized by knights and men-at-arms, the destrier was not very common.[2] Most knights and mounted men-at-arms rode other war horses, such as coursers and rounceys.[3] These three types of horse were often referred to generically as chargers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
2 Breeding and size
3 Value of quality war horses
4 See also
5 Notes and references
Characteristics[edit]
The word destrier does not refer to a breed, but to a type of horse: the finest and strongest warhorse. These horses were usually stallions, bred and raised from foalhood specifically for the needs of war. The destrier was also considered the most suited to the joust; coursers seem to have been preferred for other forms of warfare.[4] They had powerful hindquarters, able to easily coil and spring to stop, spin, turn or sprint forward. They also had a short back and well-muscled loin, strong bone, and a well-arched neck. From medieval art, the head of the destrier appears to have had a straight or slightly convex profile, strong, wide jaw, and good width between the eyes.
The destrier was specifically for use in battle or tournament; for everyday riding, a knight would use a palfrey, and his baggage would be carried on a sumpter horse (or packhorse), or possibly in wagons.
Breeding and size[edit]
Caparisoned horses competing in a joust from the Codex Manesse.
Further information: Horses in the Middle Ages
Much speculation has taken place about the nature of destriers and about the size they attained. They apparently were not enormous draft types.[5] Recent research undertaken at the Museum of London, using literary, pictorial and archeological sources, suggests war horses (including destriers) averaged 14–15 hands, and differed from a riding horse in their strength, musculature and training, rather than in their size.[6] An analysis of medieval horse armour located in the Royal Armouries indicates the equipment was originally worn by horses of 15 to 16 hands,[7] about the size and build of a modern field hunter or ordinary riding horse.[8]
It is probable that the modern Percheron draft breed may in part descend from destriers, though it is probably taller and heavier than the average destrier. Other draft breeds such as the Shire claim destrier ancestry, though proof is less certain.
Equestrian statues in Italy suggest a "Spanish" style of horse that today would be referred to as a Baroque horse, such as the Andalusian horse, Friesian horse, or even a heavy but agile warmblood breed such as the Irish Draught. Modern estimates put the height of a destrier at no more than 16 hands, though with a strong and heavy physique.[9] Though the term "Great Horse" was used to describe the destrier, leading some historians to speculate that such animals were the forerunners of modern draught horse breeds,[10] the historical record does not support the image of the destrier as a draft horse.[11][9]
Modern attempts to reproduce the destrier type usually involve crossing an athletic riding horse with a light draft type. Outcomes of such attempts include crossbreds such as the "Spanish-Norman", a cross between the Percheron and the Andalusian;[12] and the Warlander, a cross between the Andalusian and the Friesian horse.
Value of quality war horses[edit]
A good destrier was expensive. 7th century Salic law gives a price of 12 solidi as weregild, or reparational payment, for a war horse, compared to 3 solidi for a sound mare or 1 solidus for a cow. In later centuries destriers became even more expensive: the average value of each of the horses in a company of 22 knights and squires in the county of Flanders in 1297 compares to the price of seven normal coursers.[13] The price of these destriers varied between 20 and 300 livres parisis (parisian pounds), compared to 5 to 12 livres for a normal courser.
See also[edit]
Horses in the Middle Ages
Horses in warfare
Andalusian horse
Baroque horse
Friesian horse
Percheron
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Gravett, Christopher. English Medieval Knight 1300-1400, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 59
Jump up ^ Prestwich, Michael. Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p 30
Jump up ^ Oakeshott, Ewart. A Knight and his Horse, Rev. 2nd Ed. USA:Dufour Editions, 1998, pp 11-12
Jump up ^ Oakeshott, Ewart. A Knight and his Horse, Rev. 2nd Ed. USA:Dufour Editions, 1998, p 11
Jump up ^ See e.g.: Clark, John (Ed). The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p 23; Prestwich, Michael. Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p 30
Jump up ^ Clark, John (Ed). The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p. 25
Jump up ^ study by Ann Hyland, quoted in: Clark, John (Ed). The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p 23
Jump up ^ Gravett, Christopher. English Medieval Knight 1300-1400, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 59
^ Jump up to: a b Prestwich, Michael (1996) Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience. New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 30 ISBN 0300076630
Jump up ^ Gies, Frances; Gies, Joseph (2005) Daily Life in Medieval Times. UK: Grange Books (originally published by Harper Collins in three volumes, 1969, 1974, 1990) ISBN 1-84013-811-4, p. 88
Jump up ^ Clark, John (Ed) (2004) The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450. Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press ISBN 1-8438-3097-3, pp. 25, 29
Jump up ^ "Breed Profile", Spanish-Norman Horse Registry, Referenced August 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ J. de St. Genois, Inventoire analytique des chartes de comtes de Flandres, Ghent, 1843-1846
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text:
Don't Go Away
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Buckcherry song, see Black Butterfly (album). For the Era song, see The Mass (album). For the Super Junior-T song, see Rokuko.
"Don't Go Away"
Single by Oasis
from the album Be Here Now
B-side
"Cigarettes & Alcohol (live)
Sad Song
Fade Away (Warchild Version)"
Released
19 February 1998 (Japan)
Format
CD single
Recorded
1997
Genre
Rock, Britpop
Length
4:48
Label
Creation / Sony Music Japan - ESCA-6948
Songwriter(s)
Noel Gallagher
Producer(s)
Owen Morris, Noel Gallagher
Oasis singles chronology
"All Around the World"
(1998) "Don't Go Away"
(1998) "Acquiesce"
(1998)
"All Around the World"
(1998) "Don't Go Away"
(1998) "Acquiesce"
(1998)
Be Here Now track listing
12 tracks [show]
"D'You Know What I Mean?"
"My Big Mouth"
"Magic Pie"
"Stand by Me"
"I Hope, I Think, I Know"
"The Girl in the Dirty Shirt"
"Fade In-Out"
"Don't Go Away"
"Be Here Now"
"All Around the World"
"It's Gettin' Better (Man!!)"
"All Around the World (Reprise)"
"Don't Go Away" is a song by the English rock band Oasis from their third album, Be Here Now, written by the band's lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. The song was released as a commercial single only in Japan, peaking at number 48 on the Oricon chart, and as a promotional single in the United States, Japan and Europe.[1] In the United States it was a success, hitting #5 on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in late 1997.[2] It was the band's last major hit in the United States until 2008's "The Shock of the Lightning".
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and composition
2 Crediting controversy
3 Artwork
4 Scruton critique
5 B-sides
6 Track listing
7 References
8 External links
Background and composition[edit]
Although "Don't Go Away" appears for the first time in 1997, its origins date back to 1993, when Oasis spent time with The Real People at their studio in Liverpool. "Don't Go Away" was included in a batch of songs written under the wing of the Griffiths brothers (which also included "Columbia", "Rock 'n' Roll Star", "Rockin' Chair" and others).[3]
Liam Gallagher claims to have cried whilst recording the song, as a result of dwelling on "a certain thing". He said, in a 1997 interview, "I just thought 'fuck that, I can't be singing this song' and I had to go away and sort myself out". Listening back to the song he admits to being very proud of his vocal performance.[4]
In a 1997 interview promoting Be Here Now, Noel Gallagher had the following to say about the song: "It's a very sad song about not wanting to lose someone you're close to. The middle eight I made up on the spot -- I never had that lyric until the day we recorded it: 'Me and you, what's going on?/ All we seem to know is how to show/ The feelings that are wrong.' It's after a row. Quite bleak."
"We put Burt Bacharach horns on because he was the master of break-up songs. I did all the string arrangements. I tried to keep them as simple as possible. I like the way Marc Bolan used them on Children of the Revolution. People do remember string parts as separate hooklines, you know. You just don't want to use them slushily."
Crediting controversy[edit]
As many songs written during the time spent with The Real People, "Don't Go Away" shares similarities with one of brothers Griffiths' compositions, "Feel the Pain", both in music and lyrics. Lyrics in the chorus of "Don't Go Away" are lifted verbatim from "Feel the Pain". In an interview with Mojo magazine, Chris Griffiths states: "...there’s one called “Don’t Go Away” which is very similar to a song we had called “Feel the Pain” but I dunno how much I can say about that, la, you know what I mean?"[5]
Artwork[edit]
The cover of the single features the old Liverpool Speke Airport building. The airport is famous as the scene at which thousands of hysterical fans greeted The Beatles on their return to Liverpool at the height of Beatlemania. Derelict at the time, it has now been turned into a hotel. The aeroplane is an Avro Lancastrian.
Scruton critique[edit]
The song is analysed by philosopher Roger Scruton in his book Modern Culture, in particular with reference to the line: "Damn my education, I can't find the words to say / About the things caught in my mind". Scruton writes, "Here, encrypted within the routine protest, is a more strangulated cry—a protest against the impossibility of protest. Trapped as he is in a culture that treats articulate utterance as a capitulation to the adult world, the singer can find no words to express what most deeply concerns him. Something is lacking in his world—but he cannot say what. He excites his fans to every kind of artificial ecstasy, knowing that nothing will be changed for them or him, that the void will always remain unfilled".[6]
B-sides[edit]
The live version of "Cigarettes & Alcohol" was recorded 14 December 1997 at the G-MEX Exhibition Centre in Oasis' home town of Manchester.
"Sad Song" originally appeared as a bonus track on the vinyl release of the first Oasis album, Definitely Maybe. It also appeared on the Japanese CD edition of Definitely Maybe.
The 'Warchild' version of "Fade Away" is from The Help Album recorded in September 1995. It features Noel on vocals, and guests Johnny Depp on guitar, Kate Moss on tambourine and Liam and Lisa Moorish on backing vocals.[7] All proceeds from that track went to Warchild Charities.
Track listing[edit]
CD – Epic/Sony Music / ESCA-6948 Japan
"Don't Go Away" – 4:43
"Cigarettes & Alcohol" (Live from GMEX, Manchester, 14 December 1997) – 4:58
"Sad Song" – 4:16
"Fade Away" (Warchild version) – 4:08
CD (Promo) – Epic / ESK 2591 United States
"Don't Go Away" (Album Version) – 4:48
CD (Promo) – Sony Music / SAMPCS 5140 France
"Don't Go Away" (Single Edit) – 4:44 (lacks the initial drumstick hits found on the album version)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.discogs.com/Oasis-Dont-Go-Away/master/52266
Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/artist/277052/oasis/chart
Jump up ^ McCarrol, Tony (2010). Oasis: The Truth, Blake Publishing, ISBN 1843582465
Jump up ^ MTV Uncut interview, New Year's Eve, 1997
Jump up ^ "The Realies discuss their current plans, as well as giving an insight into their influence on Oasis, in an interview with Mojo Magazine". Archived from the original on 7 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Scruton, Roger (22 September 1998). "Youth Culture’s Lament". City Journal. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Jump up ^ [1]
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Hitchin' a Ride" by Green Day Canadian RPM Rock/Alternative 30 number-one single
13 October 1997 Succeeded by
"Walkin' on the Sun" by Smash Mouth
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values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Don't Go Away (canción de Oasis) – Spanish

values: ドント・ゴー・アウェイ – Japanese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Don_t_Go_Away rootpage-Don_t_Go_Away skin-vector action-view