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Strict scrutiny
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Strict scrutiny is the most stringent standard of judicial review used by United States courts. It is part of the hierarchy of standards that courts use to determine which is weightier, a constitutional right or principle or the government's interest against observance of the principle. The lesser standards are rational basis review and exacting or intermediate scrutiny. These standards are used to test statutes and government action at all levels of government within the United States.
The notion of "levels of judicial scrutiny," including strict scrutiny, was introduced in Footnote 4 of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in United States v. Carolene Products Co. (1938), one of a series of decisions testing the constitutionality of New Deal legislation. The first and most notable case in which the Supreme Court applied the strict scrutiny standard and found the government's actions constitutional was Korematsu v. United States (1944), in which the Court upheld the exclusion of Japanese Americans from designated areas during World War II.
Contents
1 Applicability
2 Suspect classification
3 De jure versus de facto discrimination
3.1 Notable cases
4 See also
5 References
Applicability[edit]
U.S. courts apply the strict scrutiny standard in two contexts: when a fundamental constitutional right is infringed,[1] particularly those found in the Bill of Rights and those the court has deemed a fundamental right protected by the Due Process Clause or "liberty clause" of the 14th Amendment, or when a government action applies to a "suspect classification," such as race or national origin. (A notable exception to this "liberty clause" rule, however, is parental rights, the only Fourteenth Amendment fundamental right denied strict scrutiny protection.[2])
To pass strict scrutiny, the law or policy must satisfy three tests:
It must be justified by a compelling governmental interest. While the Courts have never brightly defined how to determine if an interest is compelling, the concept generally refers to something necessary or crucial, as opposed to something merely preferred. Examples include national security, preserving the lives of a large number of individuals, and not violating explicit constitutional protections.
The law or policy must be narrowly tailored to achieve that goal or interest. If the government action encompasses too much (overbroad) or fails to address essential aspects of the compelling interest, then the rule is not considered narrowly tailored.
The law or policy must be the least restrictive means for achieving that interest: there must not be a less restrictive way to effectively achieve the compelling government interest. The test will be met even if there is another method that is equally the least restrictive. Some legal scholars consider this "least restrictive means" requirement part of being narrowly tailored, but the Court generally evaluates it separately.
Legal scholars, including judges and professors, often say that strict scrutiny is "strict in theory, fatal in fact" since popular perception is that most laws subjected to the standard are struck down. However, an empirical study of strict scrutiny decisions in the federal courts found that laws survive strict scrutiny more than 30% of the time. In one area of law, religious liberty, laws that burden religious liberty survived strict scrutiny review in nearly 60% of cases. However, a discrepancy was found in the type of religious liberty claim, with most claims for exemption from law failing and no allegedly discriminatory laws surviving.[3] See also the cases cited below, however; several appear to permit the exemption from laws based upon religious liberty.
The compelling state interest test is distinguishable from the rational basis test, which involves claims that do not involve a suspect class and involve a liberty interest rather than a fundamental right. It is also important to note that unlike the rational basis test, the burden of proof falls on the state, in cases that require strict scrutiny or intermediate scrutiny.
Suspect classification[edit]
Main article: Suspect classification
The Supreme Court has established standards for determining whether a statute or policy's classification requires the use of strict scrutiny. The class must have experienced a history of discrimination, must be definable as a group based on "obvious, immutable, or distinguishing characteristics," be a minority or "politically powerless," and its characteristics must have little relationship to the government's policy aims or the ability of the group's members to contribute to society.[Citations needed.]
The Court has consistently found that classifications based on race, national origin, and alienage require strict scrutiny review. The Supreme Court held that all race-based classifications must be subjected to strict scrutiny in Adarand Constructors v. Peña, 515 U.S. 200 (1995), overruling Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC (89-453), 497 U.S. 547 (1990), which had briefly allowed the use of intermediate scrutiny to analyze the Equal Protection implications of race-based classifications in the narrow category of affirmative-action programs established by the federal government in the broadcasting field.
De jure versus de facto discrimination[edit]
As applied in Korematsu v. United States, which upheld the race-based exclusion order and internment during World War II of Japanese Americans who had resided on the West Coast of the United States, strict scrutiny was limited to instances of de jure discrimination, where a racial classification is written into the language of a statute.
The Supreme Court's decision in Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. provided further definition to the concept of intent and clarified three particular areas in which intent of a particular administrative or legislative decision becomes apparent, the presence of any of which demands the harsher equal protection test. The Court must use strict scrutiny if one of these tests, among others, is met:
the impact is so "stark and dramatic" as to be unexplainable on non-racial grounds, as in Yick Wo v. Hopkins
the historical background of the decision suggests intent
the legislative and administrative records leading up to the decision show intent
Notable cases[edit]
Skinner v. State of Oklahoma, ex. rel. Williamson, 316 U.S. 535 (1942), cf. Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927), banning forced sterilization
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), ending segregation in public schools
One, Inc. v. Olesen, 301 U.S. 340 (1958), ending censorship of homosexual publications
Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963), allowing someone fired because of religious conflicts to receive unemployment
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), allowing the use of birth control
Loving v. Virginia, 897 U.S. 113 (1967), allowing people of different races to marry
Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972), allowing the Amish to remove their children from public schools after 8th grade
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), allowing women to receive abortions
Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), allowing states to deny unemployment benefits to those using illegal drugs for religious purposes
Romer v. Evans, 380 U.S. 144 (1996), allowing local governments in Colorado to pass discrimination protections for homosexuals
City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997), holding that some zoning laws may be an undue restriction of religious freedom
Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, 546 U.S. 418 (2006), allowing religious use of illegal drugs
United States v. Windsor, 191 U.S. 771 (2013), requiring the federal government to recognize gay marriages granted by states
See also[edit]
Intermediate scrutiny
Rational Basis Test
Fundamental right
Suspect class
Equal Protection
Constitutional Law
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 155 (1973) (Blackmun, J.), accessed July 5, 2011
Jump up ^ Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 80 (2000) (Thomas, J., concurring in judgment), accessed August 15, 2017
Jump up ^ Adam Winkler, "Fatal in Theory and Strict in Fact: An Empirical Analysis of Strict Scrutiny in the Federal Courts", Vanderbilt Law Review", Vol. 59, p. 793, 2006
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Costume Contest
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Costume Contest"
The Office episode
Episode no.
Season 7
Episode 6
Directed by
Dean Holland
Written by
Justin Spitzer
Production code
706
Original air date
October 28, 2010
Guest appearance(s)
Timothy Olyphant as Danny Cordray
David Koechner as Todd Packer
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The Sting" Next →
"Christening"
The Office (U.S. season 7)
List of The Office (U.S. TV series) episodes
"Costume Contest" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the show's 132nd episode overall. Written by Justin Spitzer and directed by Dean Holland, the episode aired on NBC in the United States on October 28, 2010. This episode received positive reviews.
In the episode, Michael freaks out when Darryl goes over his head by taking an idea to corporate. The employees partake in a Halloween costume contest in the office. Meanwhile, Pam tries to get the truth from Danny about their dating history.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Production
2.1 Halloween costumes
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The office becomes excited over the annual Halloween costume contest, the prize for which is a Scranton-area coupon book. Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez), frustrated that no one else seems to realize what a meager prize a coupon book really is, changes out of his costume and snarkily states that he is dressed up as "a rational consumer". The significance of this gesture goes over the other workers' heads, and Oscar becomes increasingly embarrassed at being virtually the only person not in costume. Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) persistently begs Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) to wear a matching couples costume of Popeye and Olive Oyl with her, but he refuses as he feels he is too old for costumes. As the day goes on, several people realize their costume might not win, so they leave the office to switch into something more recognizable or provocative.
Gabe Lewis (Zach Woods) informs the staff that delivery drivers can now suggest additional products for the customers they deliver to, increasing sales for the company. Michael Scott (Steve Carell) realizes this idea is similar to a suggestion made by Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson), which he had shot down. He now realizes this was a mistake and apologizes to Darryl, and Darryl says he holds no grudge against him. However, Michael feels increasingly uncomfortable at Darryl not receiving credit for his idea, and announces to the entire office that he is going to confront corporate about stealing Darryl's idea. Gabe tells Michael that Darryl actually pitched the idea to him, and has already received credit.
New salesman Danny Cordray (Timothy Olyphant) invites everyone to a Halloween party at his bar after work. Almost everyone in the office is aware that Danny and Pam had a two-date fling four years ago. Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) and Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) tell Danny that they are not going to his party because Pam does not want them to, which incites Danny to confront Jim and Pam. They reassure him that Pam does not care if people go to his party, and the three laugh about how their coworkers have been exaggerating the significance of his two dates with Pam; however, it also becomes clear that Pam wants to know exactly why she was rejected. Danny said he never called back because Pam talked about Jim during their dates. Pam reveals she never mentioned Jim, and so Danny admits that he found her too "dorky." Jim realizes he loves Pam for being so dorky, and comes into the office wearing his Popeye costume and carrying CeCe (dressed as Swee'Pea), much to the delight of Pam.
Michael is angered that Darryl went over his head, and tries to get Darryl to apologize in front of everyone for 'backstabbing' him. Darryl refuses, criticizing Michael's poor judgment of his idea. Michael changes his costume to Darryl's warehouse uniform, and mocks him. The two bring their argument to Gabe, where Darryl expresses his opinion that Michael has never done anything for him. After some negotiating by Gabe, Darryl and Michael apologize to each other. Darryl wishes he were still operating down in the warehouse, but Andy inspires Darryl to further his career at Dunder Mifflin.
Oscar is declared the winner of the costume contest. A series of interviews reveal several employees' reasons for voting for Oscar – Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) voted on whom she thought was least likely to win, Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) for the underdog, and Creed Bratton (Creed Bratton) because he thought Oscar was wearing an excellent Edward James Olmos costume.
Production[edit]
"Costume Contest" was directed by Dean Holland, an editor on the series, and written by Justin Spitzer. Holland also directed the fifth-season episode, "The Duel". It was the second episode to feature Timothy Olyphant, who was billed as a special guest star, in a guest appearance as Danny Cordray. David Koechner appears as Todd Packer, last seen in the sixth-season episode, "St. Patrick's Day". With the seventh season of The Office being Carell's last, the writers decided to divide the season into two distinct halves; the first half would "celebrate Carell's finale year and highlight different actors on the show", whereas the second half would focus on his departure and the search for a new manager. As such, "Costume Contest" was one of the first episodes of the season to specifically highlight other characters, in this case Robinson's character, Darryl.[1]
Within the week of the original air date, Hulu released four deleted scenes from the episode. In the first 87-second clip, Dwight and Michael try to destroy Darryl's idea by having a fake fight which eventually fails.[2] In the second 79-second clip, Dwight kisses up to Darryl in case he is promoted.[3] In the fourth 50-second clip, Toby and Kelly explain why they want the coupon book while Oscar looks for something good in the book.[4]
Halloween costumes[edit]
Michael as MacGruber, then Darryl (Oscar's afro wig and a warehouse uniform) before changing back
Dwight as "The Scranton Strangler"
Jim as nothing, then Popeye
Pam as Olive Oyl
Ryan as Justin Bieber
Andy as Bill Compton
Stanley as a Samurai Warrior
Kevin as Michael Moore
Creed as a Mummy
Meredith as Sookie Stackhouse
Kelly as Snooki, then Nicki Minaj
Erin as a hideous Monster
Angela as a Penguin, then a sexy Nurse
Toby as a Clown Hobo (reminiscent of Devon from the second season's Halloween episode)
Oscar as a 70s pimp, then a "rational consumer" (but mistaken by Creed to be Edward James Olmos)
Darryl as Dracula
Phyllis as Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor
Gabe as Lady Gaga
Todd Packer as a pregnant Nun
Bob Vance as Dirty Harry
CeCe as Swee'Pea
Reception[edit]
In its original American broadcast on October 28, 2010, "Costume Contest" was viewed by an estimated 8.07 million viewers and received a 4.0 rating/11% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. The episode's rating improved 15% from the previous episode.[5][6] In Canada, the episode was watched by 826,000 viewers.[7]
The episode received positive reviews from critics. James Poniewozik of Time said, "It started excellently with "What can Stanley ignore" precredit sequence and it rolled on from there." He also said that this episode contained a number of nice character moments.[8] Joel Keller of AOL's TV Squad called the episode a "slow-building but ultimately winning episode".[9] Margaret Lyons of Entertainment Weekly called the episode "the funniest episode of The Office since season 5".[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (November 30, 2010). "'Office' Plan: How NBC Will Tackle Replacing Carell". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Costume Party, Clip One". Hulu. Archived from the original on November 16, 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Costume Contest, Clip Two". Hulu. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Costume Contest, Clip Four". Hulu. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 29, 2010). "TV Ratings Thursday: Giants Win! But Ratings May Do Worse Than Rangers; Grey's Anatomy Hits Low; NBC Boosted By Shrek?". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 29, 2010). "Thursday Final Ratings: Grey's Anatomy, Big Bang Theory, Shrekless, Office Adjusted Up; Nikita Down; Plus World Series Game 2". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 1, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Brioux, Bill (November 2, 2010). "TV Feeds My Family: Ratings across Canada Oct. 25–31". Tvfeedsmyfamily.blogspot.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Poniewozik, James (October 29, 2010). "Community / Office Watch: Fright Night". Time. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Keller, Joel (October 28, 2010). "'The Office' Season 7, Episode 6 Recap (VIDEO)". TV Squad. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Lyons, Margaret (October 29, 2010). "'The Office' recap: Costume Party!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
External links[edit]
"Costume Contest" at NBC.com
"Costume Contest" on IMDb
"Costume Contest" at TV.com
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The Office (U.S.) episodes
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"Sexual Harassment"
"Office Olympics"
"The Fire"
"Halloween"
"The Fight"
"The Client"
"Performance Review"
"Email Surveillance"
"Christmas Party"
"Booze Cruise"
"The Injury"
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"The Carpet"
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"Dwight's Speech"
"Take Your Daughter to Work Day"
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"Drug Testing"
"Conflict Resolution"
"Casino Night"
Season 3
"Gay Witch Hunt"
"The Convention"
"The Coup"
"Grief Counseling"
"Initiation"
"Diwali"
"Branch Closing"
"The Merger"
"The Convict"
"A Benihana Christmas"
"Back from Vacation"
"Traveling Salesmen"
"The Return"
"Ben Franklin"
"Phyllis' Wedding"
"Business School"
"Cocktails"
"The Negotiation"
"Safety Training"
"Product Recall"
"Women's Appreciation"
"Beach Games"
"The Job"
Season 4
"Fun Run"
"Dunder Mifflin Infinity"
"Launch Party"
"Money"
"Local Ad"
"Branch Wars"
"Survivor Man"
"The Deposition"
"Dinner Party"
"Chair Model"
"Night Out"
"Did I Stutter?"
"Job Fair"
"Goodbye, Toby"
Season 5
"Weight Loss"
"Business Ethics"
"Baby Shower"
"Crime Aid"
"Employee Transfer"
"Customer Survey"
"Business Trip"
"Frame Toby"
"The Surplus"
"Moroccan Christmas"
"The Duel"
"Prince Family Paper"
"Stress Relief"
"Lecture Circuit"
"Blood Drive"
"Golden Ticket"
"New Boss"
"Two Weeks"
"Dream Team"
"Michael Scott Paper Company"
"Heavy Competition"
"Broke"
"Casual Friday"
"Cafe Disco"
"Company Picnic"
Season 6
"Gossip"
"The Meeting"
"The Promotion"
"Niagara"
"Mafia"
"The Lover"
"Koi Pond"
"Double Date"
"Murder"
"Shareholder Meeting"
"Scott's Tots"
"Secret Santa"
"The Banker"
"Sabre"
"The Manager and the Salesman"
"The Delivery"
"St. Patrick's Day"
"New Leads"
"Happy Hour"
"Secretary's Day"
"Body Language"
"The Cover-Up"
"The Chump"
"Whistleblower"
Season 7
"Nepotism"
"Counseling"
"Andy's Play"
"Sex Ed"
"The Sting
"Costume Contest"
"Christening"
"Viewing Party"
"WUPHF.com"
"China"
"Classy Christmas"
"Ultimatum"
"The Seminar"
"The Search"
"PDA"
"Threat Level Midnight"
"Todd Packer"
"Garage Sale"
"Training Day"
"Michael's Last Dundies"
"Goodbye, Michael"
"The Inner Circle"
"Dwight K. Schrute, (Acting) Manager"
"Search Committee"
Season 8
"The List"
"The Incentive"
"Lotto"
"Garden Party"
"Spooked"
"Doomsday"
"Pam's Replacement"
"Gettysburg"
"Mrs. California"
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Father Knows Best
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the American radio and television sitcom. For other uses, see Father Knows Best (disambiguation).
Father Knows Best
Robert Young and Jane Wyatt as Jim and Margaret Anderson.
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Ed James
Directed by
Peter Tewksbury
Starring
Robert Young
Jane Wyatt
Elinor Donahue
Billy Gray
Lauren Chapin
Jean Vander Pyl
Eleanor Audley
Rhoda Williams
Ted Donaldson
Norma Jean Nilsson
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
6
No. of episodes
203
Production
Producer(s)
Murray Bolen
Ken Burton
Fran Van Hartesfeldt
Running time
26 minutes
Release
Original network
CBS (1954–1955, 1958–1960)
NBC (1955–1958)
Picture format
Black-and-white
Audio format
Monaural
Original release
October 3, 1954 (1954-10-03) – May 23, 1960 (1960-05-23)
Father Knows Best is an American sitcom starring Robert Young, Jane Wyatt, Elinor Donahue, Billy Gray, and Lauren Chapin. The series, which first began on radio in 1949, aired for six seasons with a total of 203 episodes. The series debuted on CBS in October 1954. It ran for one season and was canceled the following year. NBC picked up the series where it remained for three seasons. After a second cancellation in 1958, CBS picked up the series yet again where it aired until May 1960.
Created by Ed James, Father Knows Best follows the lives of the Andersons, a middle class family living in the Midwestern town of Springfield.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Radio
2 Television series
2.1 1977 reunion movies
3 DVD releases
4 Homages
5 Nielsen ratings
6 Syndication
7 References
8 External links
Radio[edit]
The series began August 25, 1949, on NBC Radio. Set in the Midwest, it starred Robert Young as the General Insurance agent Jim Anderson. His wife Margaret was first portrayed by June Whitley and later by Jean Vander Pyl. The Anderson children were Betty (Rhoda Williams), Bud (Ted Donaldson), and Kathy (Norma Jean Nilsson). Others in the cast were Eleanor Audley, Herb Vigran and Sam Edwards. Sponsored through most of its run by General Foods, the series was heard Thursday evenings on NBC until March 25, 1954.
On the radio program, the character of Jim differs from the later television character. The radio Jim is far more sarcastic and shows he really rules over his family. Jim also calls his children names, something common on radio but lost in the TV series. For example, Jim says, "What a bunch of stupid children I have." Margaret is portrayed as a paragon of solid reason and patience, unless the plot calls for her to act a bit off. For example, in a Halloween episode, Margaret cannot understand how a table floats in the air, but that is a rare exception.
Betty, on radio, is portrayed as a status seeking, boy-crazy teenage girl. To her, every little thing is "the worst thing that could ever happen." Bud, on radio, is portrayed as an "all-American" boy who always seems to need "just a bit more" money, though he gets $1.25 per week (around $12.00 in 2013) in allowance. Bud is in charge of always having to answer the phone, which he hates. He is also shown as a somewhat dim boy who takes everything literally; for example, Jim might say "Go jump in the lake," to which Bud would reply "Okay, Dad; which lake should I go jump into?" He also uses the phrase "Holy Cow" to express displeasure. On radio, Kathy often is portrayed as a source of irritation. She whines, cries and complains about her status in the family as overlooked. She often is the source of money to her brother and sister, although she is in hock several years on her own allowance.
In an interview published in the magazine Films of the Golden Age (Fall 2015), Young revealed about the radio program: "I never quite liked it because it had to have laughs. And I wanted a warm relationship show. ... When we moved to TV I suggested an entirely new cast and different perspective."[2]
Television series[edit]
The May 27, 1954 episode of The Ford Television Theatre show was called "Keep It in the Family". This 26-minute episode stars Robert Young as Jim Warren, head of the Warren Family. With him was wife Grace (Ellen Drew), older daughter Peggy (Sally Fraser), younger daughter Patty (Tina Thompson) and son Jeff (Gordon Gebert). Developed by Young and his partner Eugene Rodney, it was intended as a pilot for a Father Knows Best television series.[3] In the episode, Peggy dreams of making it as an actress but a talent scout who has raised her hopes just wants people for his acting school.
Only Robert Young remained of the radio cast when the series moved to CBS Television:
James "Jim" Anderson Sr.: Robert Young
Margaret Anderson: Jane Wyatt
Betty "Princess" Anderson: Elinor Donahue
James "Bud" Anderson Jr.: Billy Gray
Kathy "Kitten" Anderson: Lauren Chapin
The Andersons-top from left: Elinor Donahue, Robert Young, Jane Wyatt. Bottom: Lauren Chapin, Billy Gray.
Jim with daughter Kathy, 1957.
The series premiered October 3, 1954 on CBS where it aired Sundays at 10:00 pm (EST). Originally sponsored by Lorillard's Kent cigarettes in its first season, Scott Paper Company became the primary sponsor when the series moved to NBC in the fall of 1955 where it aired Wednesdays at 8:30 pm (EST) for the next three seasons. Scott Paper remained as sponsor even after it moved back to CBS in September 1958 where it aired Mondays at 8:30 pm (EST) for the last two seasons, with Lever Brothers as an alternate sponsor from 1957 through 1960. A total of 203 episodes were produced, running until September 17, 1960, and appearing on all three of the television networks of the time, including prime-time repeats from September 1960 through April 1963.
As before, the character of Margaret was portrayed as a "voice of reason," but Jim's character was softened to that of a thoughtful father who offered sage advice whenever one (or more) of his children had a problem. Jim was a salesman and manager of the General Insurance Company in Springfield, while Margaret was a housewife. One history of the series characterized the Andersons as "truly an idealized family, the sort that viewers could relate to and emulate."[4] As the two eldest children aged from teen-ager to young adult, Betty (1956) and Bud (1959) graduated from high school and attended Springfield Junior College.
Other actors had recurring roles on Father Knows Best. Vivi Janiss played the part of Myrtle Davis in eleven sporadic episodes from 1954 to 1959.
Father Knows Best had become so ingrained in American pop culture as its idyllic presentation of family life that in 1959, the U.S. Treasury Department commissioned a special 30-minute episode of the show called "24 Hours in Tyrant Land."[4] Never aired on television, the episode—distributed to schools, churches and civic groups—promoted the buying of savings bonds.[4] The episode was later included in the Season One DVD.
Young left the series in 1960 at the height of the show's popularity to work on other projects, but reruns continued to air in prime time for another three years, on CBS from 1960 to 1962 and on ABC from 1962 to 1963. Following that, reruns were shown on ABC-TV in the early afternoon for several years.
On November 22, 1963, the third-season episode "Man About Town" was being rerun on several ABC affiliates, mostly in the Mountain Time Zone (WABC-TV in New York was airing a local repeat of The Ann Sothern Show), when at 1:42 PM EST, ABC News broke into the program with the first bulletin of the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas, Texas.
The facade of the Anderson House depicted in the series' opening credits is the same structure used as Mr. George Wilson's home in the television series Dennis the Menace and again, in remodeled form, as Captain/Major Anthony Nelson's residence in I Dream of Jeannie. This reuse of the house is identified both under "Production notes" in Wikipedia's entry on Dennis the Menace and under "Setting" in Wikipedia's entry relating to I Dream of Jeannie. Originally built in 1941 during the production of a series of Blondie movies, this theatrical property continued to serve for many more years as part of the backlot of Columbia Pictures (now Warner Brothers Ranch in Burbank, California). The house can also be seen in both its familiar Father Knows Best style and later renovated variations in episodes of Hazel, Bewitched, The Monkees, The Partridge Family and in numerous other television comedies and dramas.
1977 reunion movies[edit]
Cast photo from Father Knows Best Reunion. Standing, from left: Elinor Donahue, Robert Young and Jane Wyatt. Seated: Lauren Chapin and Billy Gray.
The TV cast reunited for a pair of TV movies on NBC, Father Knows Best Reunion on May 15, 1977 and Father Knows Best: Home For Christmas on December 18, 1977. In the 17 years since the series ended, the characters of Betty and Bud had both gotten married and had families of their own. Betty was the widowed mother of two girls, Jenny (Cari Anne Warder) and Ellen (Kyle Richards), while Bud and his wife, Jean (Susan Adams) were the parents of a son, Robert "Robby" (Christopher Gardner). Kathy, meanwhile, had become engaged to a doctor, Jason Harper (played by Hal England).[5]
DVD releases[edit]
Shout! Factory has released all six seasons of Father Knows Best on DVD in Region 1. Season 5 and 6 were released as Shout! Select titles, available exclusively through their online store. Season 5 was re-released on April 11, 2017.[6] Season 6 was re-released on July 18, 2017.[7]
In Region 4, Madman Entertainment has released the first two seasons on DVD in Australia.[8][9]
DVD Name
Ep#
Release Date
Season One 26 April 1, 2008
Season Two 37 November 11, 2008
Season Three 37 June 9, 2009
Season Four 33 March 23, 2010
Season Five 38 August 17, 2010♦
April 11, 2017 (re-release)
Season Six 32 April 19, 2011♦
July 18, 2017 (re-release)
♦ – Shout! Factory Exclusives title, sold exclusively through Shout's online store
Homages[edit]
In a September 2010 episode of the CBS daytime television series The Young and the Restless, newlyweds Billy and Victoria Abbott (portrayed by Billy Miller and Amelia Heinle, respectively) buy a house that's a replica of the Anderson house. They watch Father Knows Best on DVD and often call each other "Jim" and "Margaret." At her wedding, which takes place in the house, Victoria chooses a 1950s-style white dress. Judge Anderson, the minister who marries the couple, was played by Donahue.
Nielsen ratings[edit]
The series finished in the Nielsen ratings at #25 for the 1957–1958 season, #14 for 1958–1959 and #6 for 1959–1960.[10]
Syndication[edit]
Father Knows Best aired in the 1980s on Superstation WTBS and in the 1990s on The Family Channel. The show also aired on TV Land from 1998–1999 and 2002–2004. Reruns of Father Knows Best air on Antenna TV as part of that channel's regular programming schedule since January 3, 2011 and it also aired weekday afternoons on digital sub-channel ME-TOO in Chicago.
References[edit]
General
"Shout! Factory Store". Los Angeles: Shout! Factory. 2011. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
"Father Knows Best – Collector Helps Shout! Include Lost 'Playground' Episode On DVDs!". TVshowsondvd.com. Vancouver: Pacific Online. January 13, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
Specific
Jump up ^ Father Knows Best (radio). Pilot Episode. Dec 20, 1948.
Jump up ^ Bawden, James (Fall 2015). "Robert Young -- Family Man". Films of the Golden Age (82): 18–31.
Jump up ^ http://www.fatherknowsbest.us/fkb/History.html
^ Jump up to: a b c Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (1999). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present (Twentieth Anniversary ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. p. 338.
Jump up ^ Terrace, Vincent (1993). Television Character and Story Facts: Over 110,000 Details From 1,008 Shows, 1945–1992. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. Inc. ISBN 0-89950-891-X. [page needed]
Jump up ^ General 'Wide' Retail Release for 'Season 5,' Starring Robert Young
Jump up ^ 'Wide' General Retail Release for 'Season 6,' The Show's Final Season
Jump up ^ Father Knows Best – Season 1
Jump up ^ Father Knows Best – Season 2
Jump up ^ http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/index.htm
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Father Knows Best.
Father Knows Best on IMDb
Father Knows Best: American Icon
Museum of Broadcast Communications: Father Knows Best
Father Knows Best fan site
Father Knows Best at TV.com
Father Knows Best on Outlaws Old Time Radio Corner
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Father_Knows_Best&oldid=809593128"
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