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It (miniseries)
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It
Promotional artwork
Genre
Horror
drama
Based on
It
by Stephen King
Written by
Lawrence D. Cohen
Tommy Lee Wallace
Directed by
Tommy Lee Wallace
Starring
Harry Anderson
Dennis Christopher
Richard Masur
Annette O'Toole
Tim Reid
John Ritter
Richard Thomas
Tim Curry
Narrated by
Tim Reid
Theme music composer
Richard Bellis
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
2
Production
Producer(s)
Mark Basino
Allen S. Epstein
Jim Green
Cinematography
Richard Leiterman
Editor(s)
David Blangsted
Robert F. Shugrue
Running time
192 minutes (original version)[1]
187 minutes (DVD version)
Production company(s)
Lorimar Productions
DawnField Entertainment
The Konigsberg & Sanitsky Company
Greeb & Epstein Productions
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
November 18 – November 20, 1990
It is a 1990 American supernatural horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from the Stephen King novel of the same name. It is the first of two adaptations of the novel; the second being the 2017 film adaptation and its upcoming 2019 sequel.
The story revolves around a predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to exploit the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called Pennywise played by Tim Curry. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven, or The Losers Club, a group of outcast kids who discover Pennywise and vow to destroy him by any means necessary. The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first confront Pennywise as children in 1960, and the second when they return as adults in 1990 to defeat him a second time after he resurfaces.
It features an ensemble cast, starring Richard Thomas, John Ritter, Annette O'Toole, Harry Anderson, Dennis Christopher, Tim Reid and Richard Masur as the seven members of the Losers Club, and Tim Curry as Pennywise. The child counterparts of the Losers that appear in part one are played by Jonathan Brandis, Seth Green, Emily Perkins, Brandon Crane, Adam Faraizl, Marlon Taylor and Ben Heller. Michael Cole, Jarred Blancard, Gabe Khouth, Chris Eastman, Olivia Hussey, Frank C. Turner, Tony Dakota, Ryan Michael, Tom Heaton and Chelan Simmons also play supporting roles.
Originally conceived as a four-part eight-hour series, ABC enlisted writer Lawrence D. Cohen to adapt the 1,138-page King novel. Cohen's script condensed the source work into a two-part, three-hour mini-series that retained the core elements of the novel, but Cohen was forced to abandon numerous subplots by virtue of the novel's length and the network's time-slot restrictions. Production on It began in early 1990, and the series was filmed over a period of three months in New Westminster, British Columbia in mid-1990.
It aired on ABC over two nights on November 18 and 20, 1990, attracting 30 million viewers in its premiere. Critics praised Tim Curry's performance as Pennywise. For his work on the miniseries, Richard Bellis received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a mini-series or a Special (Dramatic Underscore).
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 The Losers Club
2.2 Forms of It
2.3 The Bowers Gang
2.4 The Losers Club relatives
2.5 Derry townspeople
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Special effects
4 Broadcast history
5 Reception
6 Home media
7 Musical score
7.1 Track listing
8 References
9 Works cited
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In Derry, Maine, in 1960, Bill Denbrough gives his younger brother Georgie a paper sailboat to take out onto the street to sail in the gutter. Georgie is unable to stop the boat from sailing down the storm drain, but encounters a strange clown in the drain who introduces himself as Pennywise. Pennywise then entices Georgie to reach into the drain to retrieve his boat, killing the boy by ripping his arm off. Months later, during the spring semester at their school, Bill befriends the overweight new kid Ben Hanscom. He introduces Ben to asthmatic Eddie Kaspbrak who lives with his overbearing mother, Beverly Marsh who lives with her abusive father who is also the school janitor, wise-cracking Richie Tozier, and Jewish Boy Scout, Stanley Uris. Besides being tormented by a gang of local bullies led by Henry Bowers, the group each experiences disturbing encounters with Pennywise. During one afternoon when he was going to practice his band instrument for the town parade, Bill and his friends encounter African-American Mike Hanlon being pursued by Henry's gang. They chase the bullies off with rocks and befriend Mike, with Henry vowing to kill them all. The group, calling themselves "The Losers Club", come to realize that they are each being terrorized by the same entity. While looking through Mike's history scrapbook, they deduce Pennywise is a monster that surfaces every 30 years in Derry to feed on the town's children before returning to hibernation again. They also deduce that the creature, which they dub "It" since it is not human and has no gender, assumes the appearance of what they fear.
After discovering that It killed his brother, Bill leads the Losers into the sewers under Derry to kill It. They are followed by Henry and his friends, Victor Criss and Belch Huggins, who are intent on killing them. It kills Victor, who had separated to set an ambush on the Losers, and Belch, who helps Henry separate Stan from the others, sparing a horrified Henry while chasing Stan as he regroups with the Losers. Pennywise grabs Stan, only for the Losers to use It's ability to access their imaginations against him; Eddie imagines his inhaler is full of battery acid and uses it to melt the clown's face while Beverly uses a slingshot and a silver projectile, which the Losers imagine will kill It, to smash a hole in the clown's head. Pennywise evades the second projectile and escapes down a drain, seemingly dying. Bill makes the others promise to return and kill It should the creature ever come back. Henry, his hair whitened from fright and driven insane from seeing It's "Deadlights", later emerges from the sewers and is institutionalized when he takes credit for murdering It's previous victims.
In 1990, Mike, now the town librarian, is investigating a string of missing children and killings and arrives at the crime scene of a murdered girl named Laurie Anne Winterbarger. Finding Georgie's picture and convinced that It is back, Mike proceeds to contact the others to fulfill their vow. Bill has become a bestselling horror novelist married to British actress Audra Phillips, Ben is an architect who has lost weight due to joining his high school track team, Beverly is a fashion designer abused by her husband Tom Rogan, Richie is a late night television comedian, Eddie runs a limousine service but still lives with his mother, and Stan is a married real estate broker. Prior to Mike's phone calls, the other Losers had completely forgotten each other along with their childhood traumas and memories of It. While the other five reluctantly agree to come, a fear-stricken Stan slits his wrists in his bathtub and writes "IT" on the wall in his own blood.
The remaining six find themselves harassed by Pennywise once reaching Derry. They eventually meet at dinner, learning of Stan's suicide shortly after Mike calls his wife. Two other people also converge on the town: an older Henry, whom Pennywise frees to help him kill the Losers, and a worried Audra who ends up being abducted by It while exposed to the creature's Deadlights. Mike is hospitalized by Henry, who in turn is killed by his own knife during a scuffle with the other Losers. After Mike gives Bill the two pieces of silver he retrieved from the sewers, the five remaining Losers decide to destroy It for good. They descend into the sewers once again, with Pennywise informing them that they will never see It, just what their “tiny human minds” can comprehend. Bill learns Audra is being held while overcoming It's attempt to induce further guilt. The Losers eventually reach It's inner sanctum, finding both a catatonic Audra and It's true form as a giant spider. Bill, Ben and Richie nearly get lost in It's Deadlights and Eddie is killed attempting to save his friends. Beverly mortally wounds It with her slingshot, and as It limps away the surviving Losers pursue and knock the creature down and rip its heart out, supposedly killing It once and for all. They remove the comatose Audra and Eddie's body from the sewers, burying him in Derry's cemetery.
With It finally dead, the Losers go their separate ways and move on with their lives as their memories of It fade away. A recovered Mike also has his memories begin to fade as he considers starting a new life elsewhere. Richie is cast in a film with an actor resembling Eddie, while Beverly and Ben are finally married and expect their first child. Bill is the last to leave Derry, using his last hour in town to coax Audra out of her catatonia by giving her a ride down the street on his childhood bicycle, Silver, which he had once used as a child to escape from It, and Audra finally recovers. The film ends with Bill and Audra kissing as a crowd looks on.
Cast[edit]
The principal cast of It: From top left to top right, Tim Curry, Richard Thomas, Harry Anderson, and Dennis Christopher. From bottom left to bottom right, Tim Reid, John Ritter, Richard Masur and Jonathan Brandis.
The Losers Club[edit]
Richard Thomas as Bill Denbrough
Jonathan Brandis as Young Bill Denbrough
John Ritter as Ben Hanscom
Brandon Crane as Young Ben Hanscom
Annette O'Toole as Beverly Marsh
Emily Perkins as Young Beverly Marsh
Harry Anderson as Richie Tozier
Seth Green as Young Richie Tozier
Dennis Christopher as Eddie Kaspbrak
Adam Faraizl as Young Eddie Kaspbrak
Tim Reid as Mike Hanlon
Marlon Taylor as Young Mike Hanlon
Richard Masur as Stanley Uris
Ben Heller as Young Stanley Uris
Forms of It[edit]
Tim Curry as Pennywise the Dancing Clown
Steve Makaj as Captain Hanscom
Florence Paterson as Mrs. Kersh
The Bowers Gang[edit]
Michael Cole as Henry Bowers
Jarred Blancard as Young Henry Bowers
Gabe Khouth as Victor Criss
Chris Eastman as Belch Huggins
The Losers Club relatives[edit]
Olivia Hussey as Audra Phillips/Denbrough
Frank C. Turner as Alvin "Al" Marsh
Tony Dakota as George "Georgie" Denbrough
Steven Hilton as Zack Denbrough
Sheelah Megill as Sharon Denbrough
Ryan Michael as Tom Rogan
Caitlin Hicks as Patti Uris
Susan Astley as Aunt Jean
Claire Vardiel as Arlene Hanscom
Sheila Moore as Ms. Sonya Kaspbrak
Derry townspeople[edit]
Terence Kelly as Officer Nell
Jay Brazeau as Derry Cab Driver
Donna Peerless as Miss Douglas
Merrilyn Gann as Mrs. Winterbarger
Chelan Simmons as Laurie Anne Winterbarger
William B. Davis as Mr. Gedreau
Laura Harris as Loni
Garry Chalk as Coach
Kim Kondrashoff as Joey
Helena Yea as Rose
Venus Terzo as Cyndi
Charles Siegel as Nat
Noel Geer as Bradley
Amos Hertzman as "Chubby Kid"
Megan Leitch as Library aide
Boyd Norman as Gas station attendant
Suzie Payne as Female cabbie
Scott Swanson as Rademacher
Nicola Cavendish as Desk clerk
Tom Heaton as Mr. Keene
Paul Batten as Pharmacist
Russell Roberts as Greco
Bill Croft as Koontz
Deva Neil DePodesta as Bum
Katherine Banwell as Television announcer
Douglas Newell as Doctor
Gary Hetherington as Police deputy
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
George A. Romero initially planned to direct It, but left due to scheduling problems.
ABC had acquired the rights to a television mini-series of It, for what would be the first made-for-television film based on a Stephen King work since Salem's Lot (1979), directed by Tobe Hooper.[2] Lawrence D. Cohen, who had previously written the film adaptation of Carrie in 1976, was hired to write It.[2] According to both Stephen King and Cohen, King had little to no involvement in the writing of the miniseries.[2] George A. Romero had originally been signed on to direct the project, which at the time ABC had planned for an eight-to-ten-hour series that would run over four two-hour blocks.[2] Romero left the project due to scheduling conflicts, after which ABC condensed it to a three-part series. Shortly after, Tommy Lee Wallace was brought in to direct. After Wallace signed on to the project, ABC had ultimately decided to condense the series to two parts.[2]
According to writer Cohen: "Speaking candidly, ABC was always nervous about It, primarily the fact that it was in the horror genre, but also the eight-to-ten hour commitment. They loved the piece, but lost their nerve in terms of how many hours they were willing to commit. Eventually, they agreed to a two-night, four-hour commitment."[2] Given the length of the King novel, which runs 1,138 pages,[3] a great deal of material was left out of Cohen's adaptation, including subplots concerning the personal lives of the adult characters, one of which had the main male characters each losing their virginity to Beverly.[2][4] "I can’t even begin to enumerate my favorite scenes from the book that we had to cut, because there are so many of them," Cohen reflected. "I look at it as a glass half full situation. There are scenes in both nights that were created by Steve [King] on the page, and I'm delighted that they survived, like the fortune cookie scene and adult Beverly going to her childhood house. The way I see it, the best moments from the book made the cut and the rest are casualties of war."[2]
However, Wallace and Cohen retained the centrality of Pennywise in the source novel; as noted by film scholar Tony Magistrale in Hollywood's Stephen King, the miniseries retains the "association between the adult world of Derry and It [which] is further established in the masterful choice of a carnival clown as a unifying symbol for the various creatures representing the monster."[5]
Casting[edit]
Malcolm McDowell (left) and Roddy McDowall (right) were initial choices for the role of Pennywise before Tim Curry was cast.
The majority of the adult actors in the film, including John Ritter, Dennis Christopher, Tim Reid and Harry Anderson, were hand-chosen by Wallace and Cohen for their roles.[2] Annette O'Toole was cast in the film at the suggestion of Ritter, with whom she had recently shot The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (1990): "I think [John] may have talked to somebody, because I got an offer [to play Beverly]," O'Toole recalled. "It happened really fast; I don’t think I even went in for a reading. I was living in Oregon at the time, and the next thing I knew, I was in Vancouver hanging out with the coolest, most fun guys of all time."[2]
Emily Perkins and Marlon Taylor, who played the young Beverly Marsh and Mike Hanlon, were cast out of Vancouver, while Seth Green and Jonathan Brandis were cast out of Los Angeles for the parts of young Richie and Bill.[2]
According to Cohen, he had written the script for the series without a specific actor in mind for the role of Pennywise.[2] According to director Tommy Lee Wallace, before he was attached to the project, Malcolm McDowell and Roddy McDowall were in consideration to play Pennywise, but Wallace wanted Tim Curry for the role; Wallace had previously worked with the latter in Fright Night Part 2 (1988).[2]
Filming[edit]
It was shot over a period of three months in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on a budget of $12 million.[6] Given that the shooting entailed an adult cast with child counterparts, Wallace sought to have the adult actors meet with the children playing the younger versions of their characters: "We made a point of bringing the adult and children actors together for a couple of days, even though it was costly, since the adults and the kids have no scenes together."[2] Filming locations in Vancouver included Stanley Park, Beaver Lake and Saint Thomas Aquinas High School Convent in North Vancouver.[7] Wallace told The Hollywood Reporter that his job as a director "was to give Tim the stage and not get in his way too much. He was like Robin Williams in the way he brought a spontaneous improvisation to the part." Curry gave Pennywise a Bronx accent in order to sound like "an old-time Catskills comic". "I just let it happen," Curry said. "Clowns are your worst fear realized. I think I scared a lot of children."[8]
Special effects[edit]
The appearance of Pennywise was based on Lon Chaney in Phantom of the Opera (1925).[2]
Original storyboards for Pennywise featured exaggerated cheekbones, a sharp chin, and bulbous forehead. According to director Wallace, "Tim [Curry] objected strongly to all the rubber. He had recently been in several movies which covered him in prosthetics and I’m sure he felt all the glue and latex would just get in his way. He was right, of course. With those eyes, and that mouth, and his crazy, sardonic sense of humor, less turned out to be more in the makeup department."[2]
Special effects coordinator Bart Mixon began working on a head cast for the Pennywise character after Curry was cast in the role; he also designed three clay molds for testing. According to Mixon, he based the shape of Pennywise's head on Lon Chaney in The Phantom of the Opera (1925), "stylized into a clown."[2] Three different versions of the clown's face were created, one of which resembled a hobo clown, another that was "a little meaner," and the final one seen in the series.[2] To achieve the white complexion, Curry wore prosthetic make-up cream to make him appear "almost like a living cartoon."[2]
The majority of the special effects in the film were done practically without digital alteration, aside from the shower scene in which Pennywise comes out of the drain; this scene was done with replacement animation, an animation technique similar to stop motion animation.[2]
The spider figure in the conclusion of the series was hand-constructed by Mixon and his art department team. Wallace recalled of the spider:
We labored long and hard designing a spider that was very beefy and muscular, almost reptilian in appearance. It looked great in the drawings, and I even recall a little clay model Bart did, which sealed the deal and won my enthusiastic approval. Bart and team went back to Hollywood to work the whole thing up full-size, and shooting started. When the SVFX team returned to Vancouver and unpacked the full-size spider, what I expected to see was the big version of that original model, the beefy, reptilian thing that was scary on sight. What they assembled on set was very, very different. Not chunky at all, very lean and mean."[2]
Broadcast history[edit]
It originally aired on ABC in 1990 on the nights of November 18[9] and November 20.[10] Part 1 was the fifth highest rated program of the week with an 18.5/29 rating/share, and being watched in 17.5 million households.[9] Part 2 was the second highest rated program of the week with a 20.6/33 rating/share, and watched in 19.2 million households.[10] According to writer Cohen, It was considered a major success for ABC, garnering nearly 30 million viewers over its two-night premiere.[2]
Reception[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)
As of September 2017[update], the film has a 57% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 14 reviews.[11]
Matt Roush of USA Today gave the series a positive review, writing: "If Twin Peaks is a midnight movie for prime-time live, It is the mini-series equivalent of those Saturday matinee shockers that merrily warped a generation before Freddie and Jason began stalking their more graphic turf... Accept It on its own popcorn-munching terms, and keep the lights on high."[12] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the performances in the film, but had a negative response to its special effects and pacing, noting: "It features a high level of ensemble acting rare for any horror film... in addition to It's slow pace, I found the ending a big letdown—unimaginative special effects animate the monster in its final incarnation. But the cast is terrific, Curry's cackle is chilling, and King's usual buried theme—about the pain adults inflict on children without even realizing it (It?)—is always worth pondering."[12] The Hollywood Reporter called It "one big kicky ride thanks to the charismatic acting of Curry as savage, sneering malevolence."[8]
Sandra Harris of Movie Pilot gave the film a positive review, noting: "There’s some gorgeous scenery too and a nice interweaving of flashbacks with the regular scenes. For Stephen King fans, this film is a must for your collection. For fans of horror in general, I’d say you could do a lot worse. Take the phone off the hook and burrow under the duvet for three hours with the popcorn and the remote control."[13] Ian Jane of DVD Talk highlighted the mini-series' combination of childhood nostalgia with horror elements and praised Curry's performance as Pennywise.[14] Bloody Disgusting's John Campopiano commended director Tommy Lee Wallace for "relying less on jump scares and more on creating an unsettling atmosphere to contrast against the kids and their stories."[15] In 2017, Rolling Stone writer Sean T. Collins called the miniseries "legendary" and commented that it had become a cult classic. He said although the miniseries "largely bungles Pennywise's powers", Curry's portrayal of Pennywise is "the stuff sleepless nights are made of. He gloats, he giggles, he taunts, he devours the scenery like the monster himself devours middle-schoolers – and he generally sears his way right into the brain of the viewer."[16] Dan Stephens from the UK website Top 10 Films awarded the film four out of five stars. In his review Stephens praised the film's story, character development, and suspense during the first half. But criticized the second half as disappointing and criticizing the lack of "friendship and togetherness" of the main characters that was present during the first half, and clichéd ending.[17]
Stephen King commented on the miniseries in a 2015 interview, and was appreciative of it: "You have to remember, my expectations were in the basement. Here was a book that sprawled over 1,000 pages, and they were going to cram it into four hours, with commercials. But the series really surprised me by how good it was. It’s a really ambitious adaptation of a really long book."[2]
Home media[edit]
It was released on VHS and Laserdisc in 1991.[18] The original VHS release was on two cassette tapes, one for each part. The VHS and Laserdisc releases feature It as originally aired. In 1998, It was re-released on VHS, this time, on one cassette tape (in EP format). The film was later released on DVD in 2002 and on Blu-ray on October 4, 2016.[14] Both the DVD and the Blu-ray feature an edited version of the film, which presents It as one "movie". The suicide scene at the end of Part 1 is shortened, the hotel scene from Part 2 is missing, and the graveyard scene toward the beginning of Part 2 is also slightly shortened to remove the on-screen credits that originally appeared.[citation needed]
Musical score[edit]
A 2-CD release of the mini-series' complete score by Richard Bellis was released on November 15, 2011.[19] The music of the film ranges from orchestral music to trumpet-heavy music that accompanies the setting of Derry to unsteady electronic instrument arrangements for the film's scarier moments.[19] Bellis won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a mini-series or a Special (Dramatic Underscore) for his work on the film.[20]
Track listing[edit]
[show]Disc 1
No.
Title
Length
1. "Main Title" 1:52
2. "Enter the Clown" 3:04
3. "Georgie Dies" 4:17
4. "Ben Gets the News" 0:51
5. "Punks" 2:18
6. "I Hate It Here" 1:53
7. "Bedroom Jazz Source" 2:24
8. "The Slap" 1:45
9. "Die if You Try" 4:02
10. "Richie's Talk Show Play-Off" 0:34
11. "The Beast – First Encounter" 2:05
12. "Mike Remembers" 0:58
13. "Mike Joins the Group" 5:07
14. "Pennywise" 0:39
15. "Circus Source" 1:10
16. "Target Practice" 2:51
17. "The Sewer Hole" 3:13
18. "Stan Gets Nabbed" 4:27
19. "The Fog" 3:25
20. "The Pact" 1:43
21. "Stan's Suicide" 0:50
22. "End Credits I" 1:00
Total length: 50:28
[show]Disc 2
No.
Title
Length
1. "Main Title Part II" 1:51
2. "The Graves" 1:48
3. "Library Balloons" 2:53
4. "Ben's Flashback" 0:35
5. "Skeleton on the Pond" 0:40
6. "Guillory's Muzak" 1:27
7. "Hydrox" 2:49
8. "Audra" 1:45
9. "Fortune Cookie" 1:54
10. "Silver Flyer" 2:22
11. "Leftover Stan" 1:52
12. "Henry and Belch" 2:20
13. "Every Thirty Years" 1:56
14. "Audra Arrives" 2:02
15. "This Time It's for Real" 4:26
16. "The Smell of Death" 1:59
17. "Something's Coming" 4:00
18. "The Spider's Web" 5:11
19. "Hi Ho Silver" 4:33
20. "End Credits Part II" 1:00
Total length: 47:23
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Goble 1999, p. 260.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Alter, Ethan (November 17, 2015). "Back to Derry: An Oral History of 'Stephen King's It'". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Graham-Dixon, Charles (October 6, 2015). "Why Stephen King's IT scares off film-makers". The Guardian. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Sarah (August 17, 2016). "I'm Every Nightmare You've Ever Had: 9 Insane Facts You Never Knew About 'IT'!". Movie Pilot. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Magistrale 2003, p. 185.
Jump up ^ Broeske, Pat H. (April 5, 1990). "Producers scare up 5 more King films". Los Angeles Times. p. D6. Retrieved December 28, 2016 – via The Statesman.
Jump up ^ Newton, Steve (January 31, 2014). "Horror in Vancouver: Stephen King's evil clown stalks Stanley Park in 1990". The Georgia Straight. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Higgins, Bill (September 7, 2017). "Hollywood Flashback: Tim Curry Played 'It's' Scary Clown in 1990". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hastings, Deborah (November 21, 1990). "TV movies score big in Nielsen ratings". The Times-News. p. 12. Retrieved July 3, 2010 – via Google Books.
^ Jump up to: a b Hastings, Deborah (November 23, 1990). "ABC posts first ratings win of the season". The Times-News. p. 10. Retrieved July 3, 2010 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "It". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Quoted in Beam 1998, p. 108
Jump up ^ Harris, Sandra (March 30, 2015). "Stephen King's 'It.' 1990.". Movie Pilot. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Jane, Ian (October 4, 2016). "Stephen King's It (Blu-ray)". DVD Talk. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Campopiano, John (September 7, 2017). "Why We Should Enjoy ‘IT’ 2017 Without Comparing to ‘IT’ 1990". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Collins, Sean T. (September 20, 2017). "'It': Everything You Need to Know About Stephen King's Killer Clown Story". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Review: Stephen King's It - Top 10 Films". Top10Films.co.uk. Dan Stephens. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Stephen King's It [VHS]. Amazon. ASIN 0790736039. CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN (link)
^ Jump up to: a b "Stephen King's It Soundtrack". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "43rd Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners". Emmys.com. Emmys. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Works cited[edit]
Beahm, George (September 1, 1998). Stephen King from A to Z: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Work. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-836-26914-7.
Goble, Alan (ed.) (January 1, 1999). The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Bowker-Saur. ISBN 978-3-598-11492-2. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Magistrale, Tony (November 22, 2003). Hollywood's Stephen King. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29321-5.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: It (miniseries)
It (1990) on IMDb
It (1990) at AllMovie
It (1990) at Rotten Tomatoes
"Back to Derry": An Oral History of 'Stephen King's It' at Yahoo!
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"Guns" (2013)
Screenplays
Creepshow (1982)
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Maximum Overdrive (1986; also director)
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Sleepwalkers (1992)
A Good Marriage (2014)
Cell (2016)
Teleplays
"Sorry, Right Number" (1987)
Golden Years (1991)
The Stand (1994)
The Shining (1997)
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Storm of the Century (1999)
Rose Red (2002)
Kingdom Hospital (2004)
Desperation (2006)
"Heads Will Roll" (2014)
Comics
Creepshow (1982)
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The Secretary of Dreams (2006)
The Dark Tower (2007–)
The Stand (2008–12)
The Talisman (2009–10)
American Vampire (2010) (Backup-only)
N. (2010)
Road Rage (2012)
The Dark Man (2013)
Musical collaborations
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t
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Films
The Shining (1980)
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Graveyard Shift (1990)
Misery (1990)
Sleepwalkers (1992)
Needful Things (1993)
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Dolores Claiborne (1995)
Thinner (1996)
The Night Flier (1997)
The Green Mile (1999)
Hearts in Atlantis (2001)
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Secret Window (2004)
Riding the Bullet (2004)
1408 (2007)
The Mist (2007)
Dolan's Cadillac (2009)
A Good Marriage (2014)
Mercy (2014)
Cell (2016)
The Dark Tower (2017)
It (2017)
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1922 (2017)
Carrie
Carrie (1976)
The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999)
Carrie (2002)
Carrie (2013)
Creepshow
Creepshow (1982)
Creepshow 2 (1987)
Creepshow 3 (2007)
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The Final Sacrifice (1992)
Urban Harvest (1995)
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Fields of Terror (1998)
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Revelation (2001)
Children of the Corn (2009)
Genesis (2011)
Different Seasons
Stand by Me (1986)
The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
Apt Pupil (1998)
Firestarter
Firestarter (1984)
Rekindled (2002)
Trucks
Maximum Overdrive (1986)
Trucks (1997)
Pet Sematary
Pet Sematary (1989)
Pet Sematary Two (1992)
The Mangler
The Mangler (1995)
The Mangler 2 (2002)
The Mangler Reborn (2005)
The Lawnmower Man
The Lawnmower Man (1992)
Beyond Cyberspace (1996)
TV films, episodes, and miniseries
"Gramma" (1986)
"Sorry, Right Number" (1987)
It (1990)
The Tommyknockers (1993)
The Stand (1994)
The Langoliers (1995)
The Shining (1997)
Quicksilver Highway (1997)
"The Revelations of Becka Paulson" (1997)
Storm of the Century (1999)
Stephen King's Desperation (2006)
Nightmares & Dreamscapes: From the Stories of Stephen King (2006)
Bag of Bones (2011)
Big Driver (2014)
Salem's Lot
Salem's Lot (1979)
A Return to Salem's Lot (1987)
Salem's Lot (2004)
Sometimes They Come Back
Sometimes They Come Back (1991)
Sometimes They Come Back... Again (1996)
Sometimes They Come Back... for More (1998)
Rose Red
Rose Red (2002)
The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer (2003)
TV series
Golden Years (1991)
The Dead Zone (2002–2007)
Kingdom Hospital (2004)
Haven (2010–2015)
Under the Dome (2013–2015)
11.22.63 (2016)
The Mist (2017)
Mr. Mercedes (2017–present)
Castle Rock (TBA)
Book
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Tommy Lee Wallace
Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982)
Aloha Summer (1988)
Fright Night Part 2 (1988)
It (1990)
The Comrades of Summer (1992)
Danger Island (1992)
Witness to the Execution (1994)
Once You Meet a Stranger (1996)
Steel Chariots (1997)
The Spree (1998)
Vampires: Los Muertos (2002)
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Man Booker International Prize
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Man Booker International Prize
Inaugural winner Ismail Kadare
Awarded for
Best book in English translation
Country
United Kingdom
Presented by
Man Group
Reward(s)
£50,000
First awarded
2005
Website
themanbookerprize.com/international
The Man Booker International Prize is an international literary award hosted in the United Kingdom. The introduction of the International Prize to complement the Man Booker Prize was announced in June 2004.[1] Sponsored by the Man Group, from 2005 until 2015 the award was given every two years to a living author of any nationality for a body of work published in English or generally available in English translation.[2] It rewarded one author's "continued creativity, development and overall contribution to fiction on the world stage",[3] and was a recognition of the writer's body of work rather than any one title.[2] The judges for the year compiled their own lists of authors, and submissions were not invited.[2]
Since 2016, the award has been given annually to a single book in English translation, with a £50,000 prize for the winning title, shared equally between author and translator.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Prizes
1.1 Pre-2016
1.2 Post-2016
2 History
3 Award winners
4 Nominations
4.1 2005
4.2 2007
4.3 2009
4.4 2011
4.5 2013
4.6 2015
4.7 2016
4.8 2017
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Prizes[edit]
Pre-2016[edit]
Whereas the Man Booker Prize was open only to writers from the Commonwealth, Ireland and Zimbabwe, the International Prize was open to all nationalities.[5] The award was worth £60,000 and an author could win only once.[3] The Man Booker International prize also allowed for a separate award for translation. The winning author could choose a translator of his or her work into English to receive a prize sum of £15,000.[6]
Post-2016[edit]
On 7 July 2015, the Booker Prize Foundation announced that from 2016 onwards the Man Booker International Prize was to be a prize for fiction in translation. Its aim is to encourage publishing and reading of quality works in translation and to highlight the work of translators. The award is now given annually to a book in English translation, with a £50,000 prize for the winning title, to be shared equally between author and translator. Each shortlisted author and translator receives £1,000. This brings the total prize fund to £62,000 per year, compared to the previous £37,500 for the Man Booker International Prize. Judges select a longlist of 12 or 13 books in March, followed by a shortlist of six in April, with the winner announced in May.[7]
History[edit]
The inaugural winner was Albanian writer Ismail Kadare. He was followed by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe in 2007, and two years later the Canadian writer Alice Munro won the award. In 2011 the prize was awarded to American Philip Roth. Praising its concerted judgement, the journalist Hephzibah Anderson noted that the Man Booker International Prize was "fast becoming the more significant award, appearing an ever more competent alternative to the Nobel".[8]
In 2015 it was announced that the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize would be disbanded.[4] The prize money from that award would be folded into the Man Booker International Prize, and the latter would become what the Independent prize used to be: a yearly book award for English translations, with the prize split between author and translator.[9]
Award winners[edit]
Year
Name
Work
Translator
Country
Language(s)
Literary tradition
2005 Ismail Kadare Albania Albanian Albanian literature
2007 Chinua Achebe n/a Nigeria English Nigerian literature
2009 Alice Munro n/a Canada English Canadian literature
2011 Philip Roth n/a United States English American literature
2013 Lydia Davis n/a United States English American literature
2015 László Krasznahorkai George Szirtes and Ottilie Mulzet Hungary Hungarian Hungarian literature
2016 Han Kang The Vegetarian Deborah Smith South Korea Korean Korean literature, South Korean literature
2017 David Grossman A Horse Walks Into a Bar Jessica Cohen Israel Hebrew Israeli literature
Nominations[edit]
2005[edit]
Winner
Ismail Kadare
Albanian novelist Ismail Kadare was named the inaugural International Prize winner in 2005.[10] Head judge, Professor John Carey said Kadare is "a universal writer in the tradition of storytelling that goes back to Homer."[10] Kadare said he was "deeply honoured" at being awarded the prize.[10] Kadare was also able to select a translator to receive an additional prize of £15,000.[10] The writer received his award in Edinburgh on 27 June.[10]
Judging panel
John Carey (Chair)[10]
Alberto Manguel[1]
Azar Nafisi[1]
Nominees
Margaret Atwood (Canada)
Saul Bellow (US)
Gabriel García Márquez (Colombia)
Günter Grass (Germany)
Ismail Kadare (Albania)
Milan Kundera (Czech Republic)
Stanisław Lem (Poland)
Doris Lessing (UK)
Ian McEwan (UK)
Naguib Mahfouz (Egypt)
Tomas Eloy Martinez (Argentina)
Kenzaburō Ōe (Japan)
Cynthia Ozick (US)
Philip Roth (US)
Muriel Spark (UK)
Antonio Tabucchi (Italy)
John Updike (US)
A.B. Yehoshua (Israel)
The nominees for the inaugural Man Booker International Prize were announced on 2 June 2005 at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.[3]
2007[edit]
Winner
Chinua Achebe
Nigerian author Chinua Achebe was awarded the International Prize for his literary career in 2007.[11] Judge Nadine Gordimer said Achebe was "the father of modern African literature" and that he was "integral" to world literature.[11] Achebe received his award on 28 June in Oxford.[11]
Judging panel
Elaine Showalter[5]
Nadine Gordimer[5]
Colm Tóibin[5]
Nominees
Chinua Achebe (Nigeria)
Margaret Atwood (Canada)
John Banville (Ireland)
Peter Carey (Australia)
Don DeLillo (US)
Carlos Fuentes (Mexico)
Doris Lessing (UK)
Ian McEwan (UK)
Harry Mulisch (Netherlands)
Alice Munro (Canada)
Michael Ondaatje (Sri Lanka/Canada)
Amos Oz (Israel)
Philip Roth (US)
Salman Rushdie (India/UK)
Michel Tournier (France)
The nominees for the second Man Booker International Prize were announced on 12 April 2007 at Massey College in Toronto.[5]
2009[edit]
Winner
Alice Munro
Canadian short story writer Munro was named the winner of the prize in 2009 for her lifetime body of work.[12] Judge Jane Smiley said picking a winner had been "a challenge", but Munro had won the panel over.[12] On Munro's work, Smiley said "Her work is practically perfect. Any writer has to gawk when reading her because her work is very subtle and precise. Her thoughtfulness about every subject is so concentrated."[12] Munro, who said she was "totally amazed and delighted" at her win, received the award at Trinity College, Dublin on 25 June.[2][12]
Judging panel
Jane Smiley (Chair)[12]
Amit Chaudhuri[12]
Andrey Kurkov[2]
Nominees
Peter Carey (Australia)
Evan S. Connell (US)
Mahasweta Devi (India)
E. L. Doctorow (US)
James Kelman (UK)[13]
Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru)
Arnošt Lustig (Czech Republic)
Alice Munro (Canada)
V. S. Naipaul (Trinidad/UK)
Joyce Carol Oates (US)
Antonio Tabucchi (Italy)
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o (Kenya)[14]
Dubravka Ugrešić (Croatia)
Lyudmila Ulitskaya (Russia)
The nominees for the third Man Booker International Prize were announced on 18 March 2009 at The New York Public Library.[15]
2011[edit]
Winner
Philip Roth
American novelist Roth was announced as the winner on 18 May 2011 at the Sydney Writers' Festival.[16] Of his win, Roth said "This is a great honour and I'm delighted to receive it."[16] The writer said he hoped the prize would bring him to the attention of readers around the world who are not currently familiar with his body of work.[16] Roth received his award in London on 28 June; however, he was unable to attend in person due to ill health, so he sent a short video instead.[16][17]
Judging panel
Rick Gekoski (Chair)[18]
Carmen Callil (withdrew in protest over choice of winner)[18]
Justin Cartwright[18]
After Roth was announced as the winner, Carmen Callil withdrew from the judging panel, saying "I don't rate him as a writer at all... in 20 years' time will anyone read him?" Callil later wrote an editorial in The Guardian explaining her position and why she chose to leave the panel.[6][19]
Nominees
Wang Anyi (China)
Juan Goytisolo (Spain)
James Kelman (UK)
John le Carré (UK)
Amin Maalouf (Lebanon)
David Malouf (Australia)
Dacia Maraini (Italy)
Rohinton Mistry (India/Canada)
Philip Pullman (UK)
Marilynne Robinson (US)
Philip Roth (US)
Su Tong (China)
Anne Tyler (US)
The nominees for the fourth Man Booker International Prize were announced on 30 March 2011 at a ceremony in Sydney, Australia.[20] John le Carré asked to be removed from consideration, saying he was "flattered", but that he does not compete for literary prizes.[21] However, judge Dr Rick Gekoski said although he was disappointed that le Carré wanted to withdraw, his name would remain on the list.[21]
2013[edit]
Winner
Lydia Davis[22]
Lydia Davis, best known as a short story writer, was announced as the winner of the 2013 prize on 22 May at a ceremony at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.[22] The official announcement of Davis' award on the Man Booker Prize website described her work as having "the brevity and precision of poetry." Judging panel chair Christopher Ricks commented that "There is vigilance to her stories, and great imaginative attention. Vigilance as how to realise things down to the very word or syllable; vigilance as to everybody's impure motives and illusions of feeling."[23]
Judging Panel
Christopher Ricks (Chair)[24]
Elif Batuman[24]
Aminatta Forna[24]
Yiyun Li[24]
Tim Parks[24]
Nominees
U R Ananthamurthy (India)
Aharon Appelfeld (Israel)
Lydia Davis (US)
Intizar Hussain (Pakistan)
Yan Lianke (China)
Marie NDiaye (France)
Josip Novakovich (Canada)
Marilynne Robinson (US)
Vladimir Sorokin (Russia)
Peter Stamm (Switzerland)
The nominees for the fifth Man Booker International Prize were announced on 24 January 2013.[25] Marilynne Robinson was the only writer out of the ten nominees who had been nominated for the prize before.[25]
2015[edit]
Winner
László Krasznahorkai[26]
László Krasznahorkai became the first author from Hungary to receive the Man Booker award in 2015. The prize was given to recognise his "achievement in fiction on the world stage". British author Marina Warner, who chaired the panel of judges that selected Krasznahorkai for the award, compared his writing to Kafka and Beckett. Krasznahorkai's translators, George Szirtes and Ottilie Mulzet, shared the £15,000 translators' prize.[27]
Judging Panel
Marina Warner (Chair)[28]
Nadeem Aslam
Elleke Boehmer
Edwin Frank
Wen-chin Ouyang
Nominees
César Aira (Argentina)
Hoda Barakat (Lebanon)
Maryse Condé (Guadeloupe)
Mia Couto (Mozambique)
Amitav Ghosh (India)
Fanny Howe (U.S.A.)
Ibrahim al-Koni (Libya)
László Krasznahorkai (Hungary)
Alain Mabanckou (Republic of the Congo)
Marlene van Niekerk (South Africa)
The nominees for the sixth Man Booker International Prize were announced on 24 March 2015.[28]
2016[edit]
Winner
Han Kang (South Korea), Deborah Smith (translator), for The Vegetarian
Han became the first Korean author to win the prize and, under the new format for 2016, Smith became the first translator to share the prize. British journalist Boyd Tonkin, who chaired the judging panel, said that the decision was unanimous. He also said of the book "in a style both lyrical and lacerating, it reveals the impact of this great refusal both on the heroine herself and on those around her. This compact, exquisite and disturbing book will linger long in the minds, and maybe the dreams, of its readers."[29]
Judging Panel[30]
Boyd Tonkin (Chair)
Tahmima Anam
David Bellos
Daniel Medin
Ruth Padel
Nominees (shortlist)
José Eduardo Agualusa (Angola), Daniel Hahn (translator), for A General Theory of Oblivion
Elena Ferrante (Italy), Ann Goldstein (translator), for The Story of the Lost Child
Yan Lianke (China), Carlos Rojas (translator), for The Four Books
Orhan Pamuk (Turkey), Ekin Oklap (translator), for A Strangeness in My Mind
Robert Seethaler (Austria), Charlotte Collins (translator), for A Whole Life
Nominees (longlist)
Maylis de Kerangal (France), Jessica Moore (translator), for Mend the Living
Eka Kurniawan (Indonesia), Labodalih Sembiring (translator), for Man Tiger
Fiston Mwanza Mujila (Democratic Republic of Congo), Roland Glasser (translator), for Tram 83
Raduan Nassar (Brazil), Stefan Tobler (translator), for A Cup of Rage
Marie NDiaye (France), Jordan Stump (translator), for Ladivine
Kenzaburō Ōe (Japan), Deborah Boliver Boehm (translator), for Death by Water
Aki Ollikainen (Finland), Emily Jeremiah & Fleur Jeremiah (translator), for White Hunger
The nominees for the seventh Man Booker International Prize were announced on 14 April 2016.[31] The six nominees were chosen from a longlist of thirteen.[30][32]
2017[edit]
Winner
David Grossman (Israel), Jessica Cohen (translator), for A Horse Walks Into a Bar[33]
Grossman became the first Israeli author to win the prize, sharing the £50,000 award with Cohen. The chair of the judging panel, Nick Barley, who is the director of the Edinburgh International Book Festival, described the book as "an ambitious high-wire act of a novel [that] shines a spotlight on the effects of grief, without any hint of sentimentality. The central character is challenging and flawed, but completely compelling." The novel won over 126 other contenders.[34]
Judging Panel
Nick Barley (Chair)
Daniel Hahn
Helen Mort
Elif Shafak
Chika Unigwe
Nominees (shortlist)
Mathias Énard (France), Charlotte Mandell (translator), for Compass
David Grossman (Israel), Jessica Cohen (translator), for A Horse Walks Into a Bar
Roy Jacobsen (Norway), Don Bartlett and Don Shaw (translators), for The Unseen
Dorthe Nors (Denmark), Misha Hoekstra (translator), for Mirror, Shoulder, Signal
Amos Oz (Israel), Nicholas de Lange (translator), for Judas
Samanta Schweblin (Argentina), Megan McDowell (translator), for Fever Dream
Nominees (longlist)
Wioletta Greg (Poland), Eliza Marciniak (translator), for Swallowing Mercury
Stefan Hertmans (Belgium), David McKay (translator), for War and Turpentine
Ismail Kadare (Albania), John Hodgson (translator), for The Traitor's Niche
Jón Kalman Stefánsson (Iceland), Phil Roughton (translator), for Fish Have No Feet
Yan Lianke (China), Carlos Rojas (translator), for The Explosion Chronicles
Alain Mabanckou (France), Helen Stevenson (translator), for Black Moses
Clemens Meyer (Germany), Katy Derbyshire (translator), for Bricks and Mortar
The longlist for the eighth Man Booker International Prize was announced on 14 March 2017, and the shortlist on 20 April 2017. The winner was announced on 14 June 2017.[35][36]
See also[edit]
The Man Booker Prize for Fiction
The Man Asian Literary Prize
The National Book Award
The Russian Booker Prize
The Prix Goncourt
The Neustadt International Prize for Literature
The Franz Kafka Prize
For a more comprehensive overview a list of literary awards is available.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Readers debate world Booker prize". BBC News. 20 December 2004. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Crerar, Simon (27 May 2009). "Alice Munro announced as Man Booker International Prize winner". The Times. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Spark heads world Booker nominees". BBC News. 18 February 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Sarah Shaffi (7 July 2015). "'Reconfiguration' of Man Booker International Prize". The Bookseller. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Atwood on World Booker shortlist". BBC News. 12 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Callil, Carmen (21 May 2011). "Why I quit the Man Booker International panel". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Evolution of the Man Booker International Prize announced | The Man Booker Prizes". themanbookerprize.com. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Hephzibah (31 May 2009). "Alice Munro: The mistress of all she surveys". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Michael Orthofer (8 July 2015). "Man Booker Independent International Foreign Fiction Prize". complete review. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Albanian wins first world Booker". BBC News. 2 June 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Nigeria author wins Booker honour". BBC News. 13 June 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Flood, Alison (27 May 2009). "Alice Munro wins Man Booker International prize". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "James Kelman is UK's hope for Man Booker international prize" The Guardian. Accessed 22 October 2016
Jump up ^ "Ngugi Wa Thiong’o" Booker Prize Foundation. Accessed 22 October 2016
Jump up ^ "E.L. Doctorow Among Nominees For International Book Prize". Huffington Post. 18 March 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Philip Roth wins the Man Booker International Prize". BBC News. 18 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Philip Roth win divided panel, Man Booker judge admits". BBC News. 29 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Roberts, Laura (19 May 2011). "Feminist judge resigns after Philip Roth wins Man Booker International Prize". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Flood, Alison (18 May 2011). "Judge withdraws over Philip Roth's Booker win". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Lea, Richard; Hill, Amelia (30 March 2011). "Man Booker Prize: Shortlist unveiled for the 'Olympics of literature'". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Ginnane, Virginia (30 March 2011). "Le Carre cold on book prize nomination". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Stock, Jon (22 May 2013). "Man Booker International Prize 2013: Lydia Davis wins". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Lydia Davis wins the Man Booker International Prize 2013". Man Brooker Prize. 22 May 2013. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lea, Richard (24 January 2013). "Man Booker International prize 2013 reveals shortlist". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Man Booker International Prize 2013 Finalists Announced". 24 January 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hungarian Laszlo Krasznahorkai wins Man Booker International Prize". BBC News. May 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Man Booker International prize 2015 won by 'visionary' László Krasznahorkai". The Guardian. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Man Booker International Prize 2015 Finalists’ List Announced". The Man Booker Prizes. March 24, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Han Kang's The Vegetarian wins Man Booker International Prize". BBC News. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Cain, Sian (14 April 2016). "'Exhilarating' Man Booker International shortlist spans the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Lusa, Agência. "José Eduardo Agualusa entre os finalistas do Man Booker International Prize 2016". Observador (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 April 2016.
Jump up ^ The Man Booker International Prize 2016 Longlist Announced Retrieved 15 April 2016.
Jump up ^ AP. "David Grossman wins Man Booker International Prize". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Man Booker International Prize: David Grossman wins for stand-up comic novel". BBC News. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Man Booker International Prize 2017 Longlist Announced". themanbookerprize.com.
Jump up ^ "The Man Booker International Prize 2017 shortlist announced". themanbookerprize.com.
External links[edit]
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