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Gum Wall
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The Market Theater Gum Wall in 2009.
General view in 2017.
The Market Theater Gum Wall is a brick wall covered in used chewing gum, in an alleyway in downtown Seattle. It is located in Post Alley under Pike Place Market. Similar to Bubblegum Alley in San Luis Obispo, California, the Market Theater Gum Wall is a local landmark. Parts of the wall can be covered several inches thick, 15 feet high for 50 feet.[1]
The wall is by the box office for the Market Theater, and the tradition began around 1993 when patrons of Unexpected Productions' Seattle Theatresports stuck gum to the wall and placed coins in the gum blobs.[2] Theater workers scraped the gum away twice, but eventually gave up[1] after market officials deemed the gum wall a tourist attraction around 1999.[2] Some people created small works of art out of gum.[3]
It was named one of the top 5 germiest tourist attractions in 2009, second to the Blarney Stone.[1][4][5] It is the location of the start of a ghost tour,[6][7] and it is a popular site with wedding photographers.[2]
A scene for the 2009 Jennifer Aniston film Love Happens was shot at the wall in 2008.[8][9]
On November 3, 2015, it was announced by the Pike Place Market Preservation & Development Authority that for the first time in 20 years the gum wall would be receiving a total scrub down for maintenance and steam cleaning, to prevent further erosion of the bricks on the walls from the sugar in the gum.[10][11][12] Work began on November 10 and took 130 hours to complete, with over 2,350 pounds (1,070 kg) of gum removed and disposed of.[13][14] After the cleaning was finished on November 13, gum began to be re-added to the wall; among the first additions were memorials to the November 2015 Paris attacks.[15][16]
See also[edit]
Bubblegum Alley
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Chen, Stephanie (July 20, 2009). "Kissing, chewing -- the 'germiest ' tourist attractions". CNN. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Eskenazi, Stuart (June 6, 2008). "Market lost & found". The Seattle Times. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chelsea J. (June 30, 2006). "Gumming it: Messages designed to stick on Seattle's Gum Wall". The Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ewww! Seattle gum wall a top germy attraction". Komo News. June 13, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Griswold, Jamie (June 11, 2009). "Seattle Gum Wall ranks in top 5 "Germiest Attractions"". MyNorthWest.com. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Post Alley - Gum Wall". The News Tribune. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The Pike Place Market Ghost Tours". SPI blog. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. September 28, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mulady, Kathy (March 12, 2008). "Movie crews to close streets around Pike Place Market today". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Guzman, Monica (March 18, 2008). "'Traveling': Why Jen Aniston film was set in Seattle". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Crawford, Emily (November 3, 2015). "Pike Place Market’s Famous Gum Wall Receives Complete Cleaning" (PDF) (Press release). Pike Place Market Preservation & Development Authority. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Kirsten. "Cleaning up Seattle's gum wall". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Seattle's Gum Wall getting a scrub down". KING-TV. November 3, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bush, Evan (November 10, 2015). "Gum wall gets naked in early-morning steam cleaning". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bush, Evan (November 16, 2015). "Seattle gum-wall time-lapse: Watch ton of gum disappear in a minute". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Frohne, Lauren (November 15, 2015). ""Re-gumming" the gum wall — for Paris". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ DeMay, Daniel (November 16, 2015). "Gum wall not clean for long". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
External links[edit]
Media related to Gum wall, Seattle, Washington at Wikimedia Commons
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Flag Day (United States)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Flag day (disambiguation).
U.S. Flag Day
Poster commemorating the 140th Flag Day on June 14, 1917
Observed by
United States
Date
June 14
Next time
June 14, 2019 (2019-06-14)
Frequency
annual
In the United States, Flag Day is celebrated on June 14. It commemorates the adoption of the flag of the United States on June 14, 1777 by resolution of the Second Continental Congress.[1] The United States Army also celebrates the U.S. Army Birthdays on this date; Congress adopted "the American continental army" after reaching a consensus position in the Committee of the Whole on June 14, 1775.[2][3]
In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation that officially established June 14 as Flag Day; in August 1946, National Flag Day was established by an Act of Congress. Flag Day is not an official federal holiday. Title 36 of the United States Code, Subtitle I, Part A, CHAPTER 1, § 110[4] is the official statute on Flag Day; however, it is at the president's discretion to officially proclaim the observance. On June 14, 1937, Pennsylvania became the first U.S. state to celebrate Flag Day as a state holiday, beginning in the town of Rennerdale.[1] New York Statutes designate the second Sunday in June as Flag Day, a state holiday.[5]
Perhaps the oldest continuing Flag Day parade is in Fairfield, Washington.[6] Beginning in 1909 or 1910, Fairfield has held a parade every year since, with the possible exception of 1918, and celebrated the "Centennial" parade in 2010, along with some other commemorative events. Appleton, Wisconsin, claims to be the oldest National Flag Day parade in the nation, held annually since 1950.[7]
Quincy, Massachusetts, has had an annual Flag Day parade since 1952 and claims it "is the longest-running parade of its kind" in the U.S.[8] The largest Flag Day parade is held annually in Troy, New York, which bases its parade on the Quincy parade and typically draws 50,000 spectators.[1][9] In addition, the Three Oaks, Michigan, Flag Day Parade is held annually on the weekend of Flag Day and is a three-day event and they claim to have the largest flag day parade in the nation as well as the oldest.[10] In Washington, D.C., Flag Day is celebrated heavily through the 7th and 8th Wards of the city. It is said that Clyde Thompson is the "Godfather of Flag Day". It is tradition in these wards to slow smoke various meats and vegetables.
Contents
1 History
1.1 1861, George Morris
1.2 1885, Bernard J. Cigrand
1.3 1888, William T. Kerr
1.4 1889, George Bolch
1.5 1893, Elizabeth Duane Gillespie
1.6 1907, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks
1.7 1913, City of Paterson, New Jersey
2 World War II rebranding as United Nations Day
3 Observance of Flag Day
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Flag of the United States
Several people and/or organizations played instrumental roles in the establishment of a national Flag Day celebration. They are identified here in chronological order.
1861, George Morris[edit]
The earliest reference to the suggestion of a "Flag Day" is cited in Kansas: a Cyclopedia of State History, published by Standard Publishing Company of Chicago in 1912. It credits George Morris of Hartford, Connecticut:
To Victor Morris of Hartford, Conn., is popularly given the credit of suggesting "Flag Day," the occasion being in honor of the adoption of the American flag on June 14, 1777. The city of Hartford observed the day in 1861, carrying out a program of a patriotic order, praying for the success of the Federal arms and the preservation of the Union.
The observance apparently did not become a tradition.[1]
1885, Bernard J. Cigrand[edit]
Stony Hill School, in Waubeka, Wisconsin, the site of the first formal observance of Flag Day
Working as a grade school teacher in Waubeka, Wisconsin, in 1895, Bernard J. Cigrand held the first recognized formal observance of Flag Day at the Stony Hill School. The school has been restored, and a bust of Cigrand also honors him at the National Flag Day Americanism Center in Waubeka.[11]
From the late 1880s on, Cigrand spoke around the country promoting patriotism, respect for the flag, and the need for the annual observance of a flag day on June 14, the day in 1777 that the Continental Congress adopted the Stars and Stripes.[1][12]
He moved to Chicago to attend dental school and, in June 1886, first publicly proposed an annual observance of the birth of the United States flag in an article titled "The Fourteenth of June," published in the Chicago Argus newspaper. In June 1888, Cigrand advocated establishing the holiday in a speech before the "Sons of America," a Chicago group. The organization founded a magazine, American Standard, in order to promote reverence for American emblems. Cigrand was appointed editor-in-chief and wrote articles in the magazine as well as in other magazines and newspapers to promote the holiday.
On the third Saturday in June 1894, a public school children's celebration of Flag Day took place in Chicago at Douglas, Garfield, Humboldt, Lincoln, and Washington Parks. More than 300,000 children participated, and the celebration was repeated the next year.[12]
Cigrand became president of the American Flag Day Association and later of the National Flag Day Society, which allowed him to promote his cause with organizational backing. Cigrand once noted he had given 2,188 speeches on patriotism and the flag.
Cigrand lived in Batavia, Illinois, from 1913–1932.[13]
Cigrand generally is credited with being the "Father of Flag Day," with the Chicago Tribune noting that he "almost singlehandedly" established the holiday.
1888, William T. Kerr[edit]
William T. Kerr, a native of Pittsburgh and later a resident of Yeadon, Pennsylvania, founded the American Flag Day Association of Western Pennsylvania in 1888, and became the national chairman of the American Flag Day Association one year later, serving as such for fifty years. He attended President Harry S. Truman's 1949 signing of the Act of Congress that formally established the observance.
1889, George Bolch[edit]
In 1889, the principal of a free kindergarten, George Bolch, celebrated the Revolution and celebrated Flag Day, as well.[1][14]
1893, Elizabeth Duane Gillespie[edit]
In 1893, Elizabeth Duane Gillespie, a descendant of Benjamin Franklin and the president of the Colonial Dames of Pennsylvania, attempted to have a resolution passed requiring the American flag to be displayed on all Philadelphia's public buildings.[1] In 1937, Pennsylvania became the first state to make Flag Day a legal holiday.[14]
The Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.[15]
1907, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Flag Day Resolution
American fraternal order and social club the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks has celebrated the holiday since the early days of the organization and allegiance to the flag is a requirement of every member.[16] In 1907, the BPOE Grand Lodge designated by resolution June 14 as Flag Day. The Grand Lodge of the Order adopted mandatory observance of the occasion by every Lodge in 1911, and that requirement continues.[16]
The Elks prompted President Woodrow Wilson to recognize the Order's observance of Flag Day for its patriotic expression.[16]
1913, City of Paterson, New Jersey[edit]
During the 1913 Paterson silk strike, IWW leader "Big" Bill Haywood asserted that someday all of the world's flags would be red, "the color of the working man's blood." In response, the city's leaders (who opposed the strike) declared March 17 to be "Flag Day," and saw to it that each of the city's textile mills flew an American flag. This attempt by Paterson's leaders to portray the strikers as un-American backfired when the strikers marched through the city with American flags of their own, along with a banner that stated:[17]
WE WEAVE THE FLAG
WE LIVE UNDER THE FLAG
WE DIE UNDER THE FLAG
BUT DAM'D IF WE'LL STARVE UNDER THE FLAG.
World War II rebranding as United Nations Day[edit]
For Flag Day 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched an international "United Flag Day" or "United Nations Day", celebrating solidarity among the World War II Allies, six months after the Declaration by United Nations.[18][19] It was observed in New York City as the "New York at War" parade, and throughout the United States and internationally from 1942-1944.
Observance of Flag Day[edit]
The Betsy Ross House, Philadelphia
The week of June 14 (June 11–17, 2017; June 10–16, 2018; June 09–15, 2019) is designated as "National Flag Week." During National Flag Week, the president will issue a proclamation urging U.S. citizens to fly the American flag for the duration of that week. The flag should also be displayed on all government buildings. Some organizations, such as the town of Dedham, Massachusetts, hold parades and events in celebration of America's national flag and everything it represents.
The National Flag Day Foundation holds an annual observance for Flag Day on the second Sunday in June (June 11, 2017; June 10, 2018; June 09, 2019). The program includes a ceremonial raising of the national flag, the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance, the singing of the national anthem, a parade and other events.[1]
The Star-Spangled Banner Flag House in Baltimore, Maryland birthplace of the flag that a year later inspired Francis Scott Key (1779–1843), to pen his famous poem, has celebrated Flag Day since the inception of a museum in the home of flag-banner-pennant maker Mary Pickersgill on the historic property in 1927. The annual celebrations on Flag Day and also Defenders Day (September 12, since 1814) commemorates the Star-Spangled Banner and its creator Mary Pickersgill, for the huge emblem that flew over Fort McHenry guarding Baltimore harbor during the British Royal Navy's three days attack in the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812 (1812–1815).
The Betsy Ross House, home of legendary Betsy Ross has long been the site of Philadelphia's observance of Flag Day.[1]
Coincidentally, June 14 is also the date for the annual anniversary of the "Bear Flag Revolt." in California. On June 14, 1846, 33 American settlers and mountain men arrested the Mexican general in command at Sonoma, and declared the "Bear Flag Republic" on the Pacific Ocean coast as an independent nation. A flag emblazoned with a bear, a red stripe, a star and the words "California Republic" was raised to symbolize independence from Mexico of the former province of Alta California. The Bear Flag was adopted as California's state flag upon joining the Union as the 31st state in 1850, after being annexed by the United States following the Mexican–American War of 1846–1849.[20] Prominently flying both the U.S.A. and state flags on June 14 is a tradition for some Californians.[21]
On June 14, 2017, President Donald Trump, who was coincidentally born on Flag Day 1946, proclaimed Flag Day and Flag Week.[22][23]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Gammage, Jeff (June 14, 2008). "Flag Day loses importance but lives on in Phila". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
Jump up ^ Wright, Jr., Robert K. (1983). The Continental Army. Washington, D. C.: Center Of Military History, United States Army. LCCN 82016472.
Jump up ^ "June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army". US Army History. U.S. Army Center Of Military History. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ 36 U.S.C. § 110
Jump up ^ "Legislative Information - LBDC". New York State.
Jump up ^ "Contact Us". Fairfield Flag Day. March 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Appleton Flag Day Parade Home". Appleton Flag Day Parade Committee.
Jump up ^ "City of Quincy". City of Quincy.
Jump up ^ "Real Estate Hotels Attractions Events Weather Map Pictures Business Directory". Troy NY.com.
Jump up ^ "Three Oaks Flag Day History". Three Oaks Flag Day.
Jump up ^ Brown, James L. (2001). The Real Bernard J. Cigrand: The Father of Flag Day. Waubeka, Wisconsin.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bernard J. CiGrand". National Flag Day. Archived from the original on June 11, 2004.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Marilyn; Schielke, Jeffery D. (1998). John Gustafson's Historic Batavia. Batavia, Illinois: Batavia Historical Society. pp. 378–9.
^ Jump up to: a b "History of Flag Day".
Jump up ^ National Park Service (July 9, 2010). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About: Flag Day". BPO Elks of the USA. August 26, 1997. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dray, Philip (2011). There Is Power in a Union: The Epic Story of Labor in America. New York: Doubleday. pp. 328–9. ISBN 978-0307389763.
Jump up ^ "Franklin D. Roosevelt: Radio Address on United Flag Day". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. June 14, 1942. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Allied Banners Are Flag Day Feature". Billboard. June 20, 1942. p. 52.
Jump up ^ "1846: California's Bear Flag revolt begins". History. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kallen, Christian (June 15, 2013). "Raise the Bear Flag on Sonoma's Big Day".
Jump up ^ Office of the Press Secretary (June 14, 2017). "President Donald J. Trump Proclaims June 14, 2017, as Flag Day, and this week as National Flag Week". whitehouse.gov. Washington, D.C.: White House. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "White House Press Office". National Liberty Alliance. United States: Blogger. June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flag Day (United States).
Tip for Celebrating Flag Day
TRIBUTE TO THE FLAG by the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry
Star power: 200 years of change (USA TODAY)
National Flag Day Foundation
"Unhappy Flag Day" by Adam Goodheart, New York Times, June 13, 2011
Presidential Proclamations on Flag Day
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Day after Thanksgiving (24)
Election Day (CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, WV, proposed federal)
Family Day (NV)
Hanukkah (religious)
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Native American Heritage Day (MD, WA)
Barack Obama Day (Perry County, AL)
December
Christmas (religious, federal)
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Christmas Eve (KY, NC, SC)
Day after Christmas (KY, NC, SC, TX)
Festivus
Hanukkah (religious, week)
Indiana Day (IN)
Kwanzaa (religious, week)
National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (36)
New Year's Eve
Pan American Aviation Day (36)
Rosa Parks Day (OH, OR)
Wright Brothers Day (36)
Varies (year round)
Eid al-Adha (religious)
Eid al-Fitr (religious)
Ramadan (religious, month)
Legend:
(federal) = federal holidays, (state) = state holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (week) = weeklong holidays, (month) = monthlong holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies
Bold indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in the United States, which often represent the major celebrations of the month.
See also: Lists of holidays, Hallmark holidays, public holidays in the United States, New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_Day_(United_States)&oldid=847899023"
Categories:
Flag days
Flags of the United States
Observances in the United States by presidential proclamation
June observances
State holidays in the United States
Hidden categories:
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Infobox holiday with missing field
Infobox holiday fixed day
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