text:
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
Alabama Crimson Tide Georgia Bulldogs
(12–1) (13–1)
SEC SEC
26 23
Head coach:
Nick Saban Head coach:
Kirby Smart
AP Coaches CFP
4 4 4
AP Coaches CFP
3 3 3
1
2
3
4
OT
Total
Alabama 0 0 10 10 6 26
Georgia 0 13 7 0 3 23
Date
January 8, 2018
Season
2017
Stadium
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Location
Atlanta, Georgia
MVP
Offensive: #13 QB Tua Tagovailoa, Fr. Alabama
Defensive: #94 DT Da'Ron Payne, Jr. Alabama
Favorite
Alabama by 3.5
National anthem
Zac Brown Band
Referee
Dan Capron (Big Ten)[1]
Halftime show
Georgia Redcoat Marching Band
Million Dollar Band
Attendance
77,430
United States TV coverage
Network
ESPN/ESPN Radio/ESPN Deportes
Announcers
Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit, Maria Taylor and Tom Rinaldi (ESPN)
Sean McDonough, Todd Blackledge, Holly Rowe and Ian Fitzsimmons (ESPN Radio)
College Football Playoff National Championship
< 2017 2019 >
The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship was a college football bowl game that determined the national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2017 season. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 26–23 in overtime. Alabama overcame a 13–0 deficit at halftime. Tua Tagovailoa and Da'Ron Payne were respectively named the offensive and defensive players of the game.
The College Football Playoff selection committee chose the semifinalists following the conclusion of the 2017 regular season. Alabama and Georgia advanced to the national championship after winning the semifinal games hosted by the Sugar Bowl and the Rose Bowl, respectively, on January 1, 2018. The championship game was played at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia on January 8, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 2018 College Football Playoff
3 Teams
3.1 Alabama
3.2 Georgia
4 Game summary
4.1 Scoring summary
4.2 Statistics
5 Broadcasting
6 Dispute
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship took place at Mercedes-Benz Stadium
The Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia was announced as the host site for the fourth College Football National Championship on November 4, 2015.[2]
2018 College Football Playoff[edit]
Semifinals Championship
January 1 – Sugar Bowl
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans
1 Clemson 6
4 Alabama 24 January 8 – National Championship
Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta
4 Alabama (OT) 26
January 1 – Rose Bowl
Rose Bowl, Pasadena 3 Georgia 23
2 Oklahoma 48
3 Georgia (2OT) 54
This bracket:
view
talk
edit

The College Football Playoff (CFP) selected four teams to advance to the playoff: the Clemson Tigers, Oklahoma Sooners, Georgia Bulldogs, and Alabama Crimson Tide.[3]
Teams[edit]
Alabama[edit]
See also: 2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Clemson Tigers in the 2018 Sugar Bowl by a score of 24–6 to reach the championship game. The Tide had a 12–1 season, becoming the SEC West Division co-champions with the Auburn Tigers. The Crimson Tide were coached by Nick Saban.[4]
Georgia[edit]
See also: 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54–48 in double overtime to reach the championship game. The Bulldogs had a 13–1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers, 28–7. The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart.[5]
Game summary[edit]
After winning the coin toss, Alabama deferred to the second half and Georgia received the ball to begin the game. After two plays, quarterback Jake Fromm attempted a pass downfield and was intercepted by Tony Brown. Alabama began their first drive of the game, and, after eleven plays, that drive ended with kicker Andy Pappanastos missing a 40-yard field goal. The teams each had three-and-outs for the game's first two punts. During Georgia's ensuing drive, the quarter ended, with no score.[6]
After a failed third down conversion, on the second play of the second quarter, Georgia kicker Rodrigo Blankenship hit a 41-yard field goal to open the scoring and put Georgia in the lead by three. Alabama's ensuing drive went nowhere, as they gained four yards on three plays and punted. Georgia took the ball and drove down the field, and found themselves with a first and goal at the Alabama 10-yard-line; the Tide defense held, however, and the Bulldogs settled for a second field goal and took a 6–0 lead with just over seven and a half minutes until half. On Alabama's next drive, the Georgia defense held yet again and Alabama's JK Scott punted for the third time. Just prior to the punt, Georgia wide receiver Javon Wims was shown walking to the locker room, reportedly with a left shoulder injury. Both defenses then forced punts, and Georgia took back over with 1:19 remaining in the half on their own 31-yard-line. Nine plays later, on Alabama's 1-yard-line, Mecole Hardman took a direct snap, faked a handoff, and ran into the end zone for the game's first touchdown, putting Georgia up 13–0 going into halftime.[6]
Because they deferred the coin toss, Alabama received the ball first in the second half. They started their drive on their own 22-yard-line. Tua Tagovailoa, Alabama's backup quarterback, started the second half for the Tide; that drive quickly resulted in a three-and-out. The initial punt was blocked, but an offside call gave the Tide another chance to punt. Georgia started their drive on their own 36-yard-line, but punted on 4th & 17. Alabama took over on their own 44-yard-line.[6] The teams then traded touchdowns on consecutive drives; Alabama scored their first points of the game on a 6-yard pass from Tagovailoa to Ruggs, but Georgia immediately responded with an 80-yard touchdown connection from Fromm to Mecole Hardman, putting Georgia up 20–7. On the second play of Alabama's ensuing drive, Tagovailoa, while scrambling to the left, threw into traffic and was intercepted by Georgia's Deandre Baker. Up 13, the Bulldogs took over possession of the ball on Alabama's 39-yard-line. The Tide defense responded immediately, however, as Raekwon Davis intercepted a Jake Fromm pass on the first play of Georgia's drive, returning the pick to the UGA 40-yard-line. The Tide gained fifteen yards on six plays and kicker Andy Pappanastos avenged his earlier miss with a 43-yard field goal that put Bama within ten. The teams then traded punts. Just prior to Alabama's punt, it was announced that an Alabama defensive back, Kyriq McDonald, had collapsed on the sideline; the situation was described as a "serious medical emergency". He was loaded onto a medical stretcher awake and conscious. Georgia could not muster anything on offense that drive, and punted. The fourth quarter saw Tagovailoa lead the Tide to come back and tie the game at 20 with 3:49. With three seconds remaining in the game, Andy Pappanastos missed a potential game-winning 36-yard field goal to the left, sending the game to overtime.[6]
In overtime, Georgia scored on a 51-yard field goal. On Alabama's first offensive play in overtime, Tagovailoa was sacked for a 16-yard loss, but immediately followed that with a game-winning 41-yard touchdown pass to DeVonta Smith.[6] Tagovailoa was named the offensive player of the game, and Da'Ron Payne was named the defensive player of the game.[7]
Scoring summary[edit]
[hide]Scoring summary
Quarter
Time
Drive
Team
Scoring information
Score
Plays
Yards
TOP
Alabama
Georgia
2 14:14 14 55 7:40 Georgia 41-yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship 0 3
2 7:33 13 70 5:19 Georgia 27-yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship 0 6
2 0:07 9 69 1:12 Georgia Mecole Hardman 1-yard touchdown run, Rodrigo Blankenship kick good 0 13
3 8:52 7 56 1:59 Alabama Henry Ruggs III 6-yard touchdown reception from Tua Tagovailoa, Andy Pappanastos kick good 7 13
3 6:52 4 93 1:55 Georgia Mecole Hardman 80-yard touchdown reception from Jake Fromm, Rodrigo Blankenship kick good 7 20
3 5:20 6 15 1:06 Alabama 43-yard field goal by Andy Pappanastos 10 20
4 9:24 8 71 2:15 Alabama 30-yard field goal by Andy Pappanastos 13 20
4 3:49 8 66 3:21 Alabama Calvin Ridley 7-yard touchdown reception from Tua Tagovailoa, Andy Pappanastos kick good 20 20
OT 4 -9 Georgia 51-yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship 20 23
OT 2 25 Alabama DeVonta Smith 41-yard touchdown reception from Tua Tagovailoa 26 23
"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football.
26
23
Statistics[edit]
1
2
3
4
OT
Total
No. 4 Crimson Tide 0 0 10 10 6 26
No. 3 Bulldogs 0 13 7 0 3 23
Statistics
Alabama
Georgia
First downs 20 22
Plays–yards 71–371 77–365
Rushes–yards 39–184 45–133
Passing yards 187 232
Passing: Comp–Att–Int 17–32–1 16–32–2
Time of possession 26:17 33:43
Sources: ESPN, StatBroadcast
Team
Category
Player
Statistics
Alabama Passing Tua Tagovailoa 14/24, 166 yds, 3 TD, 1 INT
Rushing Najee Harris 6 car, 64 yds
Receiving Calvin Ridley 4 rec, 32 yds, 1 TD
Georgia Passing Jake Fromm 16/32, 232 yds, 1 TD, 2 INT
Rushing Sony Michel 14 car, 98 yds
Receiving Riley Ridley 6 rec, 82 yds
Sources: ESPN, StatBroadcast
Broadcasting[edit]
The game was televised nationally by ESPN. On January 8, 2018, the network announced that its broadcast would feature a live performance by Kendrick Lamar during halftime. This performance was separate from the event proper at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (which featured a traditional halftime show with the marching bands of the participating teams), and originated from Centennial Olympic Park.[8]
Dispute[edit]
Following an undefeated season in the American Athletic Conference and their victory over the Auburn Tigers in the 2018 Peach Bowl, the UCF Knights claimed the national championship by virtue of being the only undefeated team in the FBS level of college football.[9] [3] UCF held a victory parade at Disney World[10] and hung a national championship banner at their stadium to celebrate this achievement.[11] The school also paid national championship bonuses to all of its assistant coaches, many of whom left UCF after the Peach Bowl to follow head coach Scott Frost to his new head coaching job at Nebraska; Frost himself (who coached UCF in the game) did not receive such a bonus because he had already been paid all of the bonuses allowed by his UCF contract.[12]
The selection committee controversially ranked undefeated UCF 12th at the end of the regular season, below a number of two-loss teams from the Power Five conferences, which left them out of the CFP. The AP Poll ranked Alabama No. 1 in its final poll, receiving 57 first-place votes, while UCF was ranked No. 6 and received four first-place votes — the first time in the CFP era that the AP poll did not have a unanimous No. 1 team.[13] Additionally, the Knights finished the 2017 football season as the No. 1 team in the Colley Bias Free Matrix Rankings. The Colley Matrix is recognized by the NCAA in its list of “national champion major selections.” [14]
See also[edit]
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kirshner, Alex (January 8, 2018). "A Big Ten officiating crew is working the all-SEC National Championship". sbnation.com. SB Nation. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alex Scarbrough (November 4, 2015). "Atlanta, Santa Clara and New Orleans land CFP title games for 2018–20". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Selection Committee Rankings: Final Top 25 Rankings" (PDF). College Football Playoff. December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alabama's Sugar Bowl win against Clemson sets up all-SEC final: Final score, stats, analysis". nola.com. January 1, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Emerson, Seth (January 1, 2018). "Georgia to play for national championship after Rose Bowl win in 2 OT". ajc.com. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hoffman, Benjamin; Drape, Joe; Tracy, Marc (January 8, 2018). "National Championship Game: Georgia vs. Alabama Live Score". The New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Perez, A.J. (January 9, 2018). "CFP players of the game: Alabama's Tua Tagovailoa and Da'Ron Payne". USA Today. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kendrick Lamar to Perform at College Football Playoff Title Game". Billboard. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Baker, Matt (January 3, 2018). "UCF is really claiming a national championship". tampabay.com. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rollins, Khadrice (January 2, 2018). "UCF Is Having a Parade at Disney World for National Championship Caliber Season". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gartland, Dan (January 3, 2018). "UCF Is Hanging a National Championship Banner at Its Stadium". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Chavez, Chris (January 3, 2018). "UCF AD Says Coaches Will Be Paid National Championship Bonuses". SI.com. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ September 1, 2018 (January 9, 2018). "Alabama is No. 1 in final AP poll for 11th time; UCF 6th". Msn.com. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Roger Simmons (January 9, 2018). "National champions: UCF Knights finish season ranked No. 1 in Colley Matrix". orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
External links[edit]
Media related to 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship at Wikimedia Commons
[show]
v
t
e
College Football Playoff
Championships
Overview
College Football Playoff National Championship
Games
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
2019–20
2020–21
Semifinal Bowls
Rose
2014 (Jan 2015)
2017 (Jan 2018)
2020 (Jan 2021)
Sugar
2014 (Jan 2015)
2017 (Jan 2018)
2020 (Jan 2021)
Orange
2015 (Dec 2015)
2018 (Dec 2018)
Cotton
2015 (Dec 2015)
2018 (Dec 2018)
Peach
2016 (Dec 2016)
2019 (Dec 2019)
Fiesta
2016 (Dec 2016)
2019 (Dec 2019)
Other
List of College Football Playoff games
New Year's Six
College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy
NCAA Division I FBS champions
Mythical national championship
Plus-One system
Power Five conferences
Championship games for each season are played in January, while semifinal games are identified by season year, alternating between December and January
[show]
Links to related articles
[show]
v
t
e
2017–18 NCAA football bowl game season
New Mexico (Dec. 16)
Las Vegas (Dec. 16)
Camellia (Dec. 16)
Cure (Dec. 16)
New Orleans (Dec. 16)
Boca Raton (Dec. 19)
Frisco (Dec. 20)
Gasparilla (Dec. 21)
Famous Idaho Potato (Dec. 22)
Bahamas (Dec. 22)
Armed Forces (Dec. 23)
Birmingham (Dec. 23)
Dollar General (Dec. 23)
Hawaii (Dec. 24)
Quick Lane (Dec. 26)
Heart of Dallas (Dec. 26)
Cactus (Dec. 26)
Independence (Dec. 27)
Pinstripe (Dec. 27)
Texas (Dec. 27)
Foster Farms (Dec. 27)
Military (Dec. 28)
Camping World (Dec. 28)
Alamo (Dec. 28)
Holiday (Dec. 28)
Belk (Dec. 29)
Cotton (Dec. 29)
Sun (Dec. 29)
Music City (Dec. 29)
Arizona (Dec. 29)
Fiesta (Dec. 30)
Liberty (Dec. 30)
Orange (Dec. 30)
TaxSlayer (Dec. 30)
Citrus (Jan. 1)
Outback (Jan. 1)
Peach (Jan. 1)
College Football Playoff games: Rose (semifinal) (Jan. 1)
Sugar (semifinal) (Jan. 1)
National Championship Game (Jan. 8)
All-Star Games
East–West Shrine Game (Jan. 20)
NFLPA Collegiate Bowl (Jan. 20)
Senior Bowl (Jan. 27)
[show]
v
t
e
NCAA Football Championship Games
Division I
FBS
2007*
2008*
2009*
2010*
2011*
2012*
2013*
2014*
2015*
2016*
2017*
2018*
2019*
I-A
1993*
1994*
1995*
1996*
1997*
1998*
1999*
2000*
2001*
2002*
2003*
2004*
2005*
2006*
FCS
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011*
2012*
2013*
2014*
2015*
2016*
2017*
2018*
2019*
I-AA
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Division II
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Division III
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Games played in January are denoted by an asterisk
[show]
v
t
e
Alabama Crimson Tide bowl games
1926 Rose Bowl
1927 Rose Bowl
1931 Rose Bowl
1935 Rose Bowl
1938 Rose Bowl
1942 Cotton Bowl Classic
1943 Orange Bowl
1945 Sugar Bowl
1946 Rose Bowl
1948 Sugar Bowl
1953 Orange Bowl
1954 Cotton Bowl Classic
1959 Liberty Bowl
1960 Bluebonnet Bowl
1962 Sugar Bowl
1963 Orange Bowl
1964 Sugar Bowl
1965 Orange Bowl
1966 Orange Bowl
1967 Sugar Bowl
1968 Cotton Bowl Classic
1968 Gator Bowl
1969 Liberty Bowl
1970 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
1972 Orange Bowl
1973 Cotton Bowl Classic
1973 Sugar Bowl
1975 Orange Bowl
1975 Sugar Bowl
1976 Liberty Bowl
1978 Sugar Bowl
1979 Sugar Bowl
1980 Sugar Bowl
1981 Cotton Bowl Classic
1982 Cotton Bowl Classic
1982 Liberty Bowl
1983 Sun Bowl
1985 Aloha Bowl
1986 Sun Bowl
1988 Hall of Fame Bowl
1988 Sun Bowl
1990 Sugar Bowl
1991 Fiesta Bowl
1991 Blockbuster Bowl
1993 Sugar Bowl #
1993 Gator Bowl
1995 Florida Citrus Bowl
1997 Outback Bowl
1998 Music City Bowl
2000 Orange Bowl
2001 Independence Bowl
2004 Music City Bowl
2006 Cotton Bowl Classic
2006 Independence Bowl
2007 Independence Bowl
2009 Sugar Bowl
2010 BCS National Championship Game #
2011 Capital One Bowl
2012 BCS National Championship Game #
2013 BCS National Championship Game #
2014 Sugar Bowl
2015 Sugar Bowl /
2015 Cotton Bowl Classic (Dec) /
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship #
2016 Peach Bowl /
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship #
2018 Sugar Bowl /
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship #
# denotes national championship game · / denotes College Football Playoff semifinal game
[show]
v
t
e
Georgia Bulldogs bowl games
1942 Orange Bowl
1943 Rose Bowl
1946 Oil Bowl
1947 Sugar Bowl
1948 Gator Bowl
1949 Orange Bowl
1950 Presidential Cup
1960 Orange Bowl
1964 Sun Bowl
1966 Cotton Bowl Classic
1967 Liberty Bowl
1969 Sugar Bowl
1969 Sun Bowl
1971 Gator Bowl
1973 Peach Bowl
1974 Tangerine Bowl
1976 Cotton Bowl Classic
1977 Sugar Bowl
1978 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
1981 Sugar Bowl
1982 Sugar Bowl
1983 Sugar Bowl
1984 Cotton Bowl Classic
1984 Florida Citrus Bowl
1985 Sun Bowl
1986 Hall of Fame Bowl
1987 Liberty Bowl
1989 Gator Bowl
1989 Peach Bowl
1991 Independence Bowl
1993 Florida Citrus Bowl
1995 Peach Bowl
1998 Outback Bowl
1998 Peach Bowl
2000 Outback Bowl
2000 Oahu Bowl
2001 Music City Bowl
2003 Sugar Bowl
2004 Capital One Bowl
2005 Outback Bowl
2006 Sugar Bowl
2006 Chick-fil-A Bowl
2008 Sugar Bowl
2009 Capital One Bowl
2009 Independence Bowl
2010 Liberty Bowl
2012 Outback Bowl
2013 Capital One Bowl
2014 Gator Bowl
2014 Belk Bowl
2016 TaxSlayer Bowl
2016 Liberty Bowl
2018 Rose Bowl /
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship #
# denotes national championship game · / denotes College Football Playoff semifinal game
[show]
v
t
e
2017–18 NCAA Division I championships
Baseball
Men's basketball
Women's basketball
Beach volleyball
Bowling
Cross country
Fencing
Field hockey
Football (FBS) †
Football (FCS)
Men's golf
Women's golf
Men's gymnastics
Women's gymnastics
Men's ice hockey
Women's ice hockey
Indoor track and field
Men's lacrosse
Women's lacrosse
Outdoor track and field
Rifle
Rowing
Skiing
Men's soccer
Women's soccer
Softball
Men's swimming and diving
Women's swimming and diving
Tennis
Men's volleyball
Women's volleyball
Men's water polo
Women's water polo
Wrestling
† Not an officially sanctioned NCAA championship
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship&oldid=835914368"
Categories:
2017–18 NCAA football bowl games
2017–18 College Football Playoff
2018 in sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
Sports competitions in Atlanta
American football in Georgia (U.S. state)
2010s in Atlanta
Alabama Crimson Tide football bowl games
Georgia Bulldogs football bowl games
January 2018 sports events in the United States
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from January 2018
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Français
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 April 2018, at 15:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href title

value: i

values: font-size:300%; line-height:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;

values: 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings

values: margin:0 auto; font-size:110%; border:1px solid #AAA; background:#EFEFEF;

values: text-align:center; width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom

values: 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season

values: List of announcers of major college bowl games

values: College Football Playoff National Championship (game)

values: 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship

values: 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship

values: College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS

values: NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Edit section: 2018 College Football Playoff

values: text-align:center;border-width:0 0 2px 0; border-style:solid;border-color:black;

values: text-align:center;border-width:2px 2px 2px 0; border-style:solid;border-color:black;

values: text-align:center;border-width:2px 0 0 0; border-style:solid;border-color:black;

values: Template talk:2018 College Football Playoff

values:
/wiki/Time_of_possession
mw-redirect
Time of possession

values: font-size:95%; width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:center;

values: margin:auto; background:none; width:100%; border:none;

values: commons:Category:2018 College Football Playoff National Championship

values:
collapseButton1
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9910D, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9910D; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9910D, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9910D; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9910D, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9910D;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:College Football Playoff navbox

values: Template talk:College Football Playoff navbox

values: background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9910D, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9910D; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9910D, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9910D; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9910D, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9910D;;width:1%

values: College Football Playoff National Championship

values: 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship

values: 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship

values: College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton3
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton4
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: Template:NCAA College Football Championship Games navbox

values: Template talk:NCAA College Football Championship Games navbox

values: color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: inherit; -moz-text-decoration-color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration-color: #FFFFFF;

values: 2006 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2007 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2008 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2009 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2010 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2011 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2012 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2013 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2014 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2015 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2016 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1979 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1980 Camellia Bowl (page does not exist)

values: 1983 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1984 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1985 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1986 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1987 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1988 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1989 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1990 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1991 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1992 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1993 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1994 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1995 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1996 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1997 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1998 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1999 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2000 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2001 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2002 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2003 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2004 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2005 NCAA Division I-AA Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1974 Camellia Bowl (page does not exist)

values: 1975 Camellia Bowl (page does not exist)

values: 1978 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1979 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1980 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1981 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1982 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1983 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1984 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1985 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1986 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1987 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1988 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1989 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1990 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1991 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1992 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1993 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1994 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1995 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1996 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1997 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1998 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1999 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2000 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2001 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2002 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2003 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2004 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2005 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2006 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2007 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2008 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game

values: 2009 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game

values: 2010 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2011 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2012 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2013 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2014 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2015 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2016 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division II Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1973 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1974 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1975 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1976 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1977 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1978 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1979 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1980 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1981 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1982 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1983 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1984 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1985 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1986 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1987 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1988 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1989 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1990 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1991 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1992 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1993 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1994 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1995 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1996 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1997 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1998 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 1999 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2000 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2001 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2002 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2003 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2004 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2005 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2006 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2007 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2008 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2009 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2010 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2011 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2012 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2013 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2014 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2015 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2016 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division III Football National Championship Game (page does not exist)

values: Template:Alabama Crimson Tide bowl game navbox

values: Template talk:Alabama Crimson Tide bowl game navbox

values:
collapseButton6
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: background-color:#BA0C2F;color:#FFFFFF;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Georgia Bulldogs bowl game navbox

values: Template talk:Georgia Bulldogs bowl game navbox

values: Template:2017–18 NCAA Division I championships navbox

values: Template talk:2017–18 NCAA Division I championships navbox

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament

values: 2018 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Bowling Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships

values: 2018 NCAA Fencing Championships (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship

values: 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Men's Gymnastics championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament

values: 2018 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Rifle Championships (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Rowing Championships (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Skiing Championships (page does not exist)

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Men's National Collegiate Volleyball Tournament

values: 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament

values: 2017 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship (page does not exist)

values: 2018 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:2017–18 NCAA football bowl games

values: Category:2017–18 College Football Playoff

values: Category:2018 in sports in Georgia (U.S. state)

values: Category:American football in Georgia (U.S. state)

values: Category:Alabama Crimson Tide football bowl games

values: Category:Georgia Bulldogs football bowl games

values: Category:January 2018 sports events in the United States

values: Category:Use mdy dates from January 2018

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: College Football Championship Game 2018 – French

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-2018_College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship rootpage-2018_College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship skin-vector action-view


text:
Direct-to-consumer advertising
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTC advertising) usually refers to the marketing of pharmaceutical products but also applies to the direct marketing of medical devices, consumer diagnostics and sometimes financial services. This form of advertising is directed toward patients, rather than healthcare professionals. The rhetorical objective of direct-to-consumer advertising is to directly influence the patient-physician dialogue in order to increase sales of a particular pharmaceutical drug.[1]
The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for regulating DTC advertising in the United States. The FDA's latest version of guidelines, though still in draft form, for pharmaceutical drug advertising was updated in 2009.[2] Forms of DTC advertising include TV, print, radio and other mass and social media. There are ethical and regulatory concerns regarding DTC advertising, specifically the extent to which these ads may unduly influence the prescribing of the prescription medicines based on consumer demands when, in some cases, they may not be medically necessary.
Contents
[hide]
1 Countries permitting DTC
2 History
3 Pros
3.1 Economic
3.2 Public health
4 Cons
4.1 Economic
4.2 Public health
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Countries permitting DTC[edit]
To date four nations permit DTC in the pharmaceutical industry:[3][4]
New Zealand (1981)
United States (1985)[4][5]
Brazil (2008) – In 2008 a new resolution from ANVISA (Control Agency for Sanitary Vigilance), Resolution 96 from December 17 was released, with focus on medication advertisement. It allows direct-to-consumer advertising of non-prescription medication, with restrictions on the type of drug and words and images that can be used, among other things.[6]
Hong Kong (1953)[7]
History[edit]
Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA) laws and regulations in the United States have gradually become more relaxed since they were first introduced in the 1960s. Consequently, expenditures on advertisements for prescription drugs in the United States have grown to approximately $.4.5 billion per year.[8]
In 1962 Congress gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to regulate prescription drug labeling and advertising, but the FDA did not establish implementing regulations until 1969.[8][9] Pharmaceutical companies shifted the focus of their marketing efforts to licensed medical doctors in the 1970s, as the FDA mandated that only doctors could prescribe medicine.[9]
After a series of Patient Rights campaigns in the 1970s persuaded a large segment of the population to be actively involved in their own medical care, the drug company Pfizer launched the first pharmaceutical direct-to-consumer campaign in 1980, promoting its brand but not marketing any prescription medication.[8] In 1981, Boots aired the first targeted drug advertisement for the drug Rufen, promoting the pain killer as a cheaper alternative to leading brands. Soon after Merck launched a campaign promoting its pneumonia vaccine.[9]
DTC marketing significantly increased starting in 1997, after the FDA suggested ways pharmaceutical companies could meet what had previously been a legally vague regulatory provision; the FDA also exempted certain types of advertisements from providing a full summary of major side effects and contraindications of a drug's effectiveness.[9] In 2004, the FDA further relaxed DTCPA regulations to require only a brief description of the drug and its side effects – provided that consumers could access full summary information elsewhere.[8]
In 2002, the Secretary of Health and Human Services began requiring all draft FDA regulatory letters, including letters related to advertising violations, to be reviewed and approved by the FDA's Office of Chief Counsel before they are issued.[10]
On 2 August 2005, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America released its Guiding Principles on Direct to Consumer Advertisements About Prescription Medicines, with the intent to stop congressional action to end industry self-regulation.[11]
This great amount of advertising has been successful in raising the prescription rate of DTC drugs by 34.2% from 1998 to 1999, compared to only a 5.1% increase in other prescriptions during the same time.[12]
The apparent commercial success of DTC advertising drew criticism from public health officials and physicians.[13]
On 17 November 2015, the American Medical Association called for a ban on all U.S. prescription drug and medical device advertising directly to consumers. Representatives of the leading physician's association argued that such commercial broadcasts encourage patients to take medications unnecessarily and to choose more expensive drugs. However, such a ban would require authorization by the United States Congress.[14]
On 4 March 2016, Senator Al Franken introduced a bill to Congress that would eliminate tax breaks for pharmaceutical companies advertising directly to consumers. In a similar move, representative Rosa DeLauro called for a three-year moratorium on advertising of newly approved prescription drugs. Such bans on advertising have faced substantial criticism by the pharmaceutical industry. Representatives from Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) stated that drug advertising campaigns are aimed at providing consumers with information to become actively involved in their own health care.[15]
Pros[edit]
Economic[edit]
Supporters of DTCPA argue that advertisements increase competition which leads to lower prescription drug prices and new development, citing, for instance, that between 1997 to 2001, spending on research and development in the US increased 59% while spending on promoting drugs directly to patients increased 145%. However, other experts have asserted that funding for R&D is determined by several other factors.[16][8]
Public health[edit]
Arguments in favor of DTCPA assert that advertising informs consumers of new treatment options, generating new doctor visits and thereby reducing the rate of undiagnosed illnesses.
DTC advertising, among other patient education initiatives, can educate consumers and patients about therapeutic options that may not have been proactively mentioned by their healthcare professional. Proponents of DTCPA claim this provides a vital opportunity for the public to be aware of what is available to them and to engage in an educated discussion with their doctor. According to one study, every additional $28 spent on DTCPA prompts one patient visit within the following 12 months. Another study observes that DTCPA promotes communication between patients and their doctors about medications. Thirty percent of Americans indicate they talk with their doctor about a medicine they saw on TV.[17]
In addition, surveys show that increased advertising has had a positive impact on the degree to which people adhere to a given course of treatment – but only among those who were already on medication prior to exposure to DTCPA. Among this population, a 10% increase in exposure to drug advertising increases the rate of adherence between 1% and 2%.[18]
Cons[edit]
Economic[edit]
Some studies have asserted that DTCPA misleads patients into demanding heavily-advertised drugs, leading to superfluous or sub-optimal treatment. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have determined that 47% of all antibiotics prescribed in the United States are unnecessary, imposing significant additional costs on affected households.[19] Another study found that young people living in West Palm Beach, Florida found that a 10% increase in advertising expose increased the total number of prescriptions by 5%; a higher percentage change than in Denver, Colorado – where DTCPA expenditures per person are lower.[20] Critics also argue that resources spent on DTCPA could otherwise be spent on developing new drugs and medical therapies. Nine of the 10 largest pharmaceutical companies worldwide spend more money on sales and marketing than on research and development.[21] US pharmaceutical companies are estimated to have spent 5.2 billion dollars on prescription drug advertising in 2015 most of which was spend on television advertising.[22]
Public health[edit]
When consumers approach their doctor with a health concern, or to request a change in medication for a condition they already have, often their first and most persuasive source of information was a pharmaceutical advertisement. This leads consumers to direct their doctors’ visits from the start by prompting a conversation about a certain drug or course of treatment. Doctors may be more likely to prescribe the medicine patients requested even when it may not be the most cost-effective, medically sound or safe course of treatment. Of those patients who sought medical treatment because of an advertisement, 44% report their doctor prescribed the medication that they requested.[18] When new drugs are marketed directly to patients, the use of these drugs accelerates, even though trials and testing may not have yet had enough time to identify long-term side effects or rare reactions to the drug. Recently-released drugs usually are only tested in small pre-marketing clinical trials.[23]
New demand for a particular drug can also create adverse public health harm. A higher rate of antibiotic consumption – driven in part by DTCPA – is creating anti-biotic resistant infection strains that in turn pose a public health hazard.[19]
DTCPA has contributed to illicit drug use of certain pharmaceutical drugs, as drug addicts seek out prescriptions based on their greater knowledge of drugs available on the market.[18]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mogull, Scott A.; Balzhiser, Deborah (September 2015). "Pharmaceutical Companies Are Writing the Script for Health Consumerism". Commun. Des. Q. Rev. 3 (4): 35–49. doi:10.1145/2826972.2826976. ISSN 2166-1200.
Jump up ^ Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and. "Guidances (Drugs) - Advertising". www.fda.gov.
Jump up ^ Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Direct-to-consumer advertising under fire. The World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 4 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Mogull, Scott A. (2008). "Chronology of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Regulation in the United States". AMWA Journal. 23: 3.
Jump up ^ "WHO - Direct-to-consumer advertising under fire". www.who.int.
Jump up ^ "RESOLUÇÃO-RDC Nº 96, DE 17 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2008" (PDF). Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Drug Office - Undesirable Medical Advertisements Ordinance".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ventola, C. Lee (2011). "Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising". Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 36 (10): 669–684. ISSN 1052-1372. PMC 3278148  . PMID 22346300.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Donohue, Julie (2006). "A History of Drug Advertising: The Evolving Roles of Consumers and Consumer Protection". The Milbank Quarterly. 84 (4): 659–699. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2006.00464.x. ISSN 0887-378X. PMC 2690298  . PMID 17096638.
Jump up ^ Donohue, J. M.; Cevasco, M.; Rosenthal, M. B. (2007). "A Decade of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs". New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (7): 673–681. doi:10.1056/nejmsa070502. PMID 17699817.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Matthew (2006-10-01). 40 years of DTC. MMM, 1 October 2006. Retrieved from http://www.mmm-online.com/40-years-of-DTC/article/35502/
Jump up ^ Sheehan, Kim. Controversies in Contemporary Advertising; Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2003; pp 209-215.
Jump up ^ Kerber, Ross. Doctors Criticize Sleeping-Pill Ad (Lunesta from Sepracor Inc.). Boston Globe, Boston, Aug. 18, 2005, p HS05.
Jump up ^ E Silverman (2015). "American Medical Association wants to ban drug ads to consumers". STAT (Pharmalot). Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ E Silverman (2016)."Lawmaker seeks to end tax breaks for consumer drug ads". STAT (Pharmalot). Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Hollon, Matthew F. (2004-02-01). "Direct-To-Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs". CNS Drugs. 18 (2): 69–77. doi:10.2165/00023210-200418020-00001. ISSN 1172-7047.
Jump up ^ Iizuka, Toshiaki; Jin, Ginger Zhe (2005-09-01). "The Effect of Prescription Drug Advertising on Doctor Visits". Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. 14 (3): 701–727. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2005.00079.x. ISSN 1530-9134.
^ Jump up to: a b c McKinlay, John B.; Trachtenberg, Felicia; Marceau, Lisa D.; Katz, Jeffrey N.; Fischer, Michael A. (April 2014). "Effects of patient medication requests on physician prescribing behavior: results of a factorial experiment". Medical Care. 52 (4): 294–299. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000096. ISSN 1537-1948. PMC 4151257  . PMID 24848203.
^ Jump up to: a b "CDC Press Releases". CDC. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Cause and Effect: Do Prescription Drug Ads Really Work? - Knowledge@Wharton". Knowledge@Wharton. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Richard (2014-11-06). "Pharmaceutical industry gets high on fat profits". BBC News. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
Jump up ^ Orelli, Brian (June 9, 2017). "6 Reasons Why Prescription Drug Prices Are Extremely Expensive -- The Motley Fool". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
Jump up ^ Lyles, Alan (2002-05-01). "Direct Marketing of Pharmaceuticals to Consumers". Annual Review of Public Health. 23 (1): 73–91. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140537. ISSN 0163-7525.
Further reading[edit]
Frosch, D. L.; Krueger, P. M.; Hornik, R. C.; Cronholm, P. F.; Barg, F. K. (2007). "Creating Demand for Prescription Drugs: A Content Analysis of Television Direct-to-Consumer Advertising". The Annals of Family Medicine. 5: 6–13. doi:10.1370/afm.611. PMC 1783924  . PMID 17261859.
Kornfield, R.; Donohue, J.; Berndt, E. R.; Alexander, G. C. (2013). "Promotion of Prescription Drugs to Consumers and Providers, 2001–2010". PLoS ONE. 8 (3): e55504. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055504. PMC 3587616  . PMID 23469165.
External links[edit]
Educating the Consumer about Advertising: Some Issues – from the Education Resources Information Center Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, Bloomington, Indiana.
40 years of DTC by Matthew Arnold/Medical Marketing and Media
Catch the New Pharmaceutical Marketing Wave: Trends & Strategies for Reaching Today's Healthcare Consumer
[hide]
v
t
e
Unnecessary health care
Causes
Direct-to-consumer advertising
Overscreening
Overdiagnosis
Fee-for-service
Defensive medicine
Unwarranted variation
Overmedication
Disease mongering
Political abuse of psychiatry
Overused health care
Caesarean delivery on maternal request
Antibiotic misuse
Polypharmacy
treatment of incidentaloma
Works about unnecessary health care
Overtreated
The Treatment Trap
Selling Sickness
Overdosed America
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct-to-consumer_advertising&oldid=815617767"
Categories:
Advertising
Pharmaceutical industry
Unnecessary health care
Drug advertising
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Српски / srpski
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 December 2017, at 23:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: sup

value: p

values:
/wiki/Prescription_medicine
mw-redirect
Prescription medicine

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/2166-1200

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1052-1372

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22346300

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0887-378X

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096638

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1056%2Fnejmsa070502

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17699817

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1172-7047

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1530-9134

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1537-1948

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24848203

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0163-7525

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1370%2Fafm.611

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17261859

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23469165

values: nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Direct-to-consumer_advertising
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Oglašavanje lekova, pomoćnih lekovitih sredstava i medicinskih sredstava – Serbian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Direct-to-consumer_advertising rootpage-Direct-to-consumer_advertising skin-vector action-view


text:
Right to a fair trial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A trial which is observed by trial judge or by jury without being partial is called a fair trial. Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights, as well as numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. There is no binding international law that defines what is not a fair trial; for example, the right to a jury trial and other important procedures vary from nation to nation.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition in international human rights law
1.1 Geneva Conventions – International right to a fair trial when no crime is alleged
2 Definition in regional human rights law
3 Relationship with other rights
4 Fair trial rights
4.1 In the United States
4.2 In civil proceedings
4.3 In administrative proceedings
4.4 In special proceedings
5 Impeding a fair trial
6 In Spain
7 In the United Kingdom
8 Juries and a fair trial
9 Children and the trial process
10 See also
11 References
Definition in international human rights law[edit]
The right to fair trial is very helpful[clarification needed] in numerous declarations which represent customary international law, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).[2] Though the UDHR enshrines some fair trial rights, such as the presumption of innocence until the accused is proven guilty, in Articles 6, 7, 8 and 11,[3] the key provision is Article 10 which states that:
"Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him."[4]
Some years after the UDHR was adopted,[when?] the right to a fair trial was defined in more detail in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The right to a fair trial is protected in Articles 14 and 16 of the ICCPR which is binding in international law on those states that are party to it.[5] Article 14(1) establishes the basic right to a fair trial, article 14(2) provides for the presumption of innocence, and article 14(3) sets out a list of minimum fair trial rights in criminal proceedings. Article 14(5) establishes the right of a convicted person to have a higher court review the conviction or sentence, and article 14(7) prohibits double jeopardy.[6] Article 14(1) states that:
"All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children."[7]
Geneva Conventions – International right to a fair trial when no crime is alleged[edit]
The Geneva Conventions guarantee combatants the right not to be put on trial for fighting in a war – unless they commit a war crime (a grave breach) or other crime (e.g., captured behind enemy lines out of proper uniforms or insignia while carrying out espionage or sabotage operations). Most held under the Geneva Conventions are not accused of a crime and therefore it would be a war crime under the Geneva Conventions to give them a trial. This protection against getting a trial is fully consistent with human rights law because human rights law prohibits putting people on trial when there is no crime to try them for. The Geneva Conventions however guarantee that anyone charged with a war crime or other crime must get a fair trial.
Definition in regional human rights law[edit]
The right to a fair trial is enshrined in articles 3, 7 and 26 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR).[2]
The right to a fair trial is also enshrined in articles 5, 6 and 7 of the European Charter on Human Rights and articles 2 to 4 of the 7th Protocol to the Charter.[2]
The right to a fair trial is furthermore enshrined in articles 3, 8, 9 and 10 of the American Convention on Human Rights.[2]
Relationship with other rights[edit]
The right to equality before the law is sometimes regarded as part of the right to a fair trial. It is typically guaranteed under a separate article in international human rights instruments. The right entitles individuals to be recognised as subject, not as object, of the law. International human rights law permits no derogation or exceptions to this human right.[8] Closely related to the right to a fair trial is the prohibition on ex post facto law, or retroactive law, which is enshrined in human rights instrument separately from the right to fair trial and can not be limited by states according to the European Convention on Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights.[2]
Fair trial rights[edit]
The right to a fair trial has been defined in numerous regional and international human rights instruments. It is one of the most extensive human rights and all international human rights instruments enshrine it in more than one article.[9] The right to a fair trial is one of the most litigated human rights and substantial case law that has been established on the interpretation of this human right.[8] Despite variations in wording and placement of the various fair trial rights, international human rights instrument define the right to a fair trial in broadly the same terms.[3] The aim of the right is to ensure the proper administration of justice. As a minimum the right to fair trial includes the following fair trial rights in civil and criminal proceedings:[2]
the right to be heard by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal
the right to a public hearing
the right to be heard within a reasonable time
the right to counsel
the right to interpretation[2]
States may limit the right to a fair trial or derogate from the fair trial rights only under circumstances specified in the human rights instruments.[2]
In the United States[edit]
In the United States the right to a fair trial is sometimes illusory. For example, the United States Supreme Court said in Town of Newton v. Rumery, 480 U.S. 386 that a prosecutor may threaten a person that he will take or withhold an official act and prosecute that person for crime unless that person disposes or parts with their right to peacefully and orderly petition the courts for a redress of grievances. For example, the Rumery court said when talking about an accused ″the public interest opposing involuntary waiver of constitutional rights is no reason to hold the agreement here invalid.″ Rumery did not receive nor waive their right to a trial during a criminal cause.
In civil proceedings[edit]
The European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have clarified that the right to a fair trial applies to all types of judicial proceedings, whether civil or criminal. According to the European Court of Human Rights, Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the fair trial rights apply to all civil rights and obligations created under domestic law and therefore to all civil proceedings (see Apeh Uldozotteinek Szovetsege and Others v. Hungary 2000).[2]
In administrative proceedings[edit]
Both the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have clarified that the right to a fair trial applies not only to judicial proceedings, but also administrative proceedings. If an individual's right under the law is at stake, the dispute must be determined through a fair process.[2]
In special proceedings[edit]
In Europe special proceeding may also be subject to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.[10] In Mills v. the United Kingdom 2001 the European Court of Human Rights held that a court-martial was subject to Article 6 because of the defendants had been accused of what the court considered to be serious crime, assault with a weapon and wounding.
The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) frequently deals with instances where civilians are tried by military tribunals for serious crimes. The ACHPR has held that on the face of it military courts to do not satisfy civilians' right to a fair trial (see Constitutional Rights Project v. Nigeria). In this respect the ACHPR has reaffirmed the right to counsel as essential in guaranteeing a fair trial. The ACHPR held that individuals have the right to choose their own counsel and that giving the military tribunal the right to veto a counsel violates the right to a fair trial.[11]
Impeding a fair trial[edit]
A fair trial might be impeded by:
Contempt of court (typically by the media or jurors)
Witness intimidation
Non-disclosure of evidence, through malice or through use of state secrets privilege (in the USA) or public-interest immunity (in the UK)
In Spain[edit]
In the Spanish legal justice system the examining magistrate is the head of the investigation of a specific crime and any other matters that may relate to that particular offence. The magistrate can be aided by the judicial and national police and can also, at the request of the prosecution and defence attorney, follow any number of leads regarding the case. The magistrate can also, when deemed appropriate, restrict the access the defence and prosecution have to the primary evidence and case information, which can include allowing witness statements to be introduced without the actual witness having to be in attendance. An extension of this power is the ability for the judge to declare, under special circumstances, the trial wholly or partially confidential.[12] However, this is only when information and evidence presented during the trial could pose a threat to an individual, a group of individuals or even the general interest of the public.[12]
In the United Kingdom[edit]
Between 1971 and 1975, the right to a fair trial was suspended in Northern Ireland. Suspects were simply imprisoned without trial, and tortured by the British army for information. This power was mostly used against the Catholic minority. The British government supplied deliberately misleading evidence to the European Court of Human Rights when it investigated this issue in 1978.[13] The Irish government and human rights group Amnesty International requested that the ECHR reconsider the case in December 2014.[14] Three court cases related to the Northern Ireland conflict that took place in mainland Britain in 1975 and 1976 have been accused of being unfair, resulting in the false imprisonment of the Birmingham Six, Guildford Four and Maguire Seven. These convictions were later overturned, though an investigation into allegations that police officers perverted the course of justice failed to convict anyone of wrongdoing.
The United Kingdom created an act – the Special Immigration Appeals Act in 1997, which then led to the creation of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC).[15] It allowed for secret evidence to be stated in court; however, it provides provisions for the anonymity of the sources and information itself. The judge has the power to clear the courtroom of the public and press, and the appellant if need be, if sensitive information must be relayed. The appellant is provided with a Special Advocate, who is appointed in order to represent their interests, however no contact can be made with the appellant after seeing the secret evidence. SIAC is mostly used for deportation cases, and other cases of public interest.[16]
Secret evidence has seen increased use in UK courts. Some argue that this undermines the British criminal justice system, as this evidence may not come under proper democratic scrutiny. Secret evidence can now be used in wide range of cases including deportations hearings, control orders proceedings, parole board cases, asset-freezing applications, pre-charge detention hearings in terrorism cases, employment tribunals and planning tribunals.[17]
Juries and a fair trial[edit]
The rationale for a jury was that it offers a check against state power.[citation needed]
Under Article 6 of the ECHR, the right to a fair trial implies that accused and public must be able to understand the verdict. Trials decided by jury, as they do not provide reasons for their decision, therefore do not allow for this.[18] In Taxquet v Belgium [19] a violation of article 6(1) was found. The court also implied a right to a reasoned verdict, irrespective of whether that was given by a judge or a jury.
Under ECHR case law, jury decisions can also be problematic in circumstances where juries draw adverse inferences from trial judges' directions in contravention of Article 6(3) (b) and (c).[20]
EU member states that do not have a jury system or any other form of lay adjudication in criminal matters or have abolished it include: Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Romania. In these countries, criminal courts are composed exclusively of judges.
EU member states with a collaborative jury system which comprises a combination of jurors and judge include[clarification needed] Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway (in most cases), Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Sweden. The collaborative system, which can also be employed alongside the traditional jury model, is characterised by the professional judges and the jurors collectively determining all questions of law and fact, the issue of guilt and the sentence.
Within the EU, the traditional jury system exists within Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Malta, Norway (only in serious appeal cases), Spain and the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).
With the expansion of the EU, It is seen[by whom?] as problematic that juries are used, given that their use cannot ensure all the guarantees set out under Article 6, particularly in the ever-expanding landscape and corpus of European law.
Children and the trial process[edit]
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The issue of children and juvenile engagement with court proceedings and the criminal justice system is a contemporary issue when dealing with the human right of a fair trial. Juveniles need to be competent to stand trial and be able to comprehend the proceedings for their criminal trial to be considered a fair trial. This stands as a contentious issue because many argue that it may never be fair for children to have a role in trial or be involved in criminal justice proceedings due to their age, inability to grasp legal concepts etc.[21]
In discussing children in the legal system, the Netherlands and Sweden provide for an intriguing contrast,[according to whom?] which assists in understanding of the different punitive measures applicable. In Sweden, children under the age of 15 are not held accountable for the crimes, which they may have committed. Young people aged between 15 and 18 are generally sentenced to a fine or placed in a social services care agreement by order of the court. This care can often be in combination with fines or additional community service.[22]
It is a rare occurrence for young people to be sentenced to imprisonment. For the most serious crimes, such as murder and manslaughter, the penalty may be institutionalisation at a specialised youth home. The National Board of Institutional Care is responsible to enforce these sentences. This punishment is for a fixed term, and its focus is on care, treatment and the rehabilitation of young offenders. By contrast, the age of criminal responsibility in the Netherlands is 12. A specialised youth police and courts system was reintroduced in the Netherlands, in order to provide for a specialised task force to deal with youth crime. At the age of 16, an offender who commits crime may be tried in an adult court. The ‘stop and halt’ program is also aimed at punishing young offenders. Younger children under the age of 12 can be ‘stopped’ when they offend, with the main aim at confronting the onset of delinquency. Older children (over the age of 12) can be ‘halted’, with successful completion meaning no criminal record and no prosecution for the young offender in the hope of rehabilitation.[23]
The main difference[according to whom?] between the Netherlands and Sweden in terms of children in court revolves around how the Netherlands tailors its law around its juvenile offence framework, meaning that each case is directly measured against that offender’s individual circumstances. In Sweden, the court system for children is not tailored towards their individual needs, rather the framework of the juvenile court system is based on the adult court system. However, in Sweden, unlike in the Netherlands, the mitigating circumstance of youth applies in order to provide for a young offender’s needs.[24]
See also[edit]
Change of venue
Legal aid
Natural justice
Presumption of innocence
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Doswald-Beck, Louise. Fair Trial, Right to, International Protection, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Doebbler, Curtis (2006). Introduction to International Human Rights Law. CD Publishing. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-9743570-2-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Alfredsson, Gudmundur; Eide, Asbjorn (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a common standard of achievement. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 225. ISBN 978-90-411-1168-5.
Jump up ^ "Universal declaration of Human Rights". United Nations.
Jump up ^ Doebbler, Curtis (2006). Introduction to International Human Rights Law. CD Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-9743570-2-7.
Jump up ^ Alfredsson, Gudmundur; Eide, Asbjorn (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a common standard of achievement. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 225–226. ISBN 978-90-411-1168-5.
Jump up ^ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
^ Jump up to: a b Doebbler, Curtis (2006). Introduction to International Human Rights Law. CD Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-9743570-2-7.
Jump up ^ Doebbler, Curtis (2006). Introduction to International Human Rights Law. CD Publishing. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-0-9743570-2-7.
Jump up ^ The immunity could not be an obstacle: on the one hand , following a immunity resolution of the Senate, the judicial proceeding may raise jurisdictional dispute before the Constitutional Court ( ... ); on the other side (….) the citizen may submit an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights Buonomo, Giampiero (2002). "L'Italia "difende" il Regno Unito in nome del procuratore Cordova". Diritto&Giustizia edizione online. – via Questia (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Doebbler, Curtis (2006). Introduction to International Human Rights Law. CD Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-9743570-2-7.
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/139600/legal-procedures-criminal-cases.pdf
Jump up ^ 'British ministers sanctioned torture of NI internees' (5 June 2014)
Jump up ^ 'Hooded men: Irish government bid to reopen 'torture' case'
Jump up ^ "Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Apply to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission". justice.gov.uk. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.justice.org.uk/resources.php/33/secret-evidence
Jump up ^ Lemmens, P. (2014). The right to a fair trial and its multiple manifestations. In E. Brems & J. Gerards (Eds.), Shaping Rights in the ECHR: The Role of the European Court of Human Rights in Determining the Scope of Human Rights (pp. 294-314). Cambridge Books Online: Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". coe.int. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". coe.int. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Junger-Tas, J. (2004) Youth Justice in the Netherlands, pp. 330-331. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. ISBN 0-226-80865-3
Jump up ^ "www.parliament.uk Home page". UK Parliament. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Penalties for juvenile offenders". government.nl. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Juvenile justice policy". youthpolicy.nl. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
[hide]
v
t
e
Substantive human rights
Note: What is considered a human right is controversial and not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights.
Civil and political
Cannabis rights
Equality before the law
Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
Freedom from discrimination
Freedom from exile
Freedom of information
Freedom of movement
Freedom of religion
Freedom from slavery
Freedom of speech
Freedom of thought
Freedom from torture
Legal aid
Liberty
LGBT rights
Nationality
Personhood
Presumption of innocence
Right of asylum
Right to die
Right to a fair trial
Right to family life
Right to keep and bear arms
Right to life
Right to petition
Right to privacy
Right to protest
Right to refuse medical treatment
Right of self-defense
Security of person
Universal suffrage
Economic, social
and cultural
Digital rights
Equal pay for equal work
Fair remuneration
Labor rights
Right to an adequate standard of living
Right to clothing
Right to development
Right to education
Right to food
Right to health
Right to housing
Right to Internet access
Right to property
Right to public participation
Right of reply
Right of return
Right to science and culture
Right to social security
Right to water
Right to work
Trade union membership
Sexual and
reproductive
Abortion
Family planning
Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
Intersex human rights
LGBT rights
Reproductive health
Right to sexuality
Violations
Corporal punishment
War and conflict
Civilian
Combatant
Freedom from genocide
Prisoner of war
War rape
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Right_to_a_fair_trial&oldid=830848269"
Categories:
Criminal law
Criminal procedure
Types of trials
Human rights by issue
Hidden categories:
Subscription required using via
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2015
All articles with vague or ambiguous time
Vague or ambiguous time from September 2015
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2014
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2015
NPOV disputes from September 2015
All NPOV disputes
All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikinews
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Lietuvių
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Русский
Shqip
Simple English
Suomi
தமிழ்
Тоҷикӣ
Українська
اردو
8 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 March 2018, at 07:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

value: span

attrs: class dir xml:lang

values: toctitle ltr en

values: Edit section: Definition in international human rights law

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2015)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values: Edit section: Geneva Conventions – International right to a fair trial when no crime is alleged

values: Edit section: Definition in regional human rights law

values: European Convention on humangfh Rights (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Relationship with other rights

values:
/wiki/Right_to_equality_before_the_law
mw-redirect
Right to equality before the law

values:
/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court
mw-redirect
United States Supreme Court

values: Edit section: In administrative proceedings

values:
/wiki/Military_tribunals
mw-redirect
Military tribunals

values:
/wiki/Witness_intimidation
mw-redirect
Witness intimidation

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2014)

values: The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (September 2015)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch

values: Edit section: Children and the trial process

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV

values: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

values:
/wiki/Right_to_water
mw-redirect
Right to water

values: Sexual and reproductive health and rights

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Subscription required using via

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2015

values: Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time

values: Category:Vague or ambiguous time from September 2015

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2014

values: Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2015

values: Category:NPOV disputes from September 2015

values: Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: الحق في محاكمة عادلة – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values: Algemene beginselen van behoorlijk proces – Dutch

values: 裁判を受ける権利 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Право на судебную защиту – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: நியாமான நீதிவிசாரணைக்கான உரிமை – Tamil

values: Ҳуқуқ ба ҳифзи судӣ – Tajik

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values: Право на справедливий суд – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: حقوق شفاف آزمائش – Urdu

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Right_to_a_fair_trial rootpage-Right_to_a_fair_trial skin-vector action-view