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Promoter (genetics)
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1: RNA Polymerase, 2: Repressor, 3: Promoter, 4: Operator, 5: Lactose, 6: lacZ, 7: lacY, 8: lacA. Top: The gene is essentially turned off. There is no lactose to inhibit the repressor, so the repressor binds to the operator, which obstructs the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and making lactase. Bottom: The gene is turned on. Lactose is inhibiting the repressor, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind with the promoter and express the genes, which synthesize lactase. Eventually, the glucose will digest all of the lactose, until there is none to bind to the repressor. The repressor will then bind to the operator, stopping the manufacture of lactase.
In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Identification of relative location
3 Relative location in the cell nucleus
4 Elements
4.1 Eukaryotic
4.2 Bacterial
4.2.1 Probability of occurrence of each nucleotide
4.3 Eukaryotic
4.3.1 Bidirectional (mammalian)
5 Subgenomic
6 Detection
7 Evolutionary change
8 Diabetes
9 Binding
9.1 Location
10 Diseases associated with aberrant function
11 CpG islands in promoters
12 Methylation of CpG islands stably silences genes
13 Promoter CpG hyper/hypo-methylation in cancer
14 Canonical sequences and wild-type
15 Diseases that may be associated with variations
16 Constitutive vs regulated
17 Use of the term
18 See also
19 References
20 External links
Overview[edit]
For transcription to take place, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene. Promoters contain specific DNA sequences such as response elements that provide a secure initial binding site for RNA polymerase and for proteins called transcription factors that recruit RNA polymerase. These transcription factors have specific activator or repressor sequences of corresponding nucleotides that attach to specific promoters and regulate gene expression.
In bacteria
The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and an associated sigma factor, which in turn are often brought to the promoter DNA by an activator protein's binding to its own DNA binding site nearby.
In eukaryotes
The process is more complicated, and at least seven different factors are necessary for the binding of an RNA polymerase II to the promoter.
Promoters represent critical elements that can work in concert with other regulatory regions (enhancers, silencers, boundary elements/insulators) to direct the level of transcription of a given gene. A promoter is induced in response to changes in abundance or conformation of regulatory proteins in a cell, which enable activating transcription factors to recruit RNA polymerase.[2][3]
Identification of relative location[edit]
As promoters are typically immediately adjacent to the gene in question, positions in the promoter are designated relative to the transcriptional start site, where transcription of DNA begins for a particular gene (i.e., positions upstream are negative numbers counting back from -1, for example -100 is a position 100 base pairs upstream).
Relative location in the cell nucleus[edit]
In the cell nucleus, it seems that promoters are distributed preferentially at the edge of the chromosomal territories, likely for the co-expression of genes on different chromosomes.[4] Furthermore, in humans, promoters show certain structural features characteristic for each chromosome.[4]
Elements[edit]
Eukaryotic[edit]
Core promoter – the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate transcription[5]
Includes the transcription start site (TSS) and elements directly upstream
A binding site for RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase I: transcribes genes encoding 18s 5.8s 28s ribosomal RNA
RNA polymerase II: transcribes genes encoding messenger RNA and certain small nuclear RNAs and microRNA
RNA polymerase III: transcribes genes encoding transfer RNA, 5s ribosomal RNAs and other small RNAs
General transcription factor binding sites, e.g. TATA box
Proximal promoter – the proximal sequence upstream of the gene that tends to contain primary regulatory elements
Approximately 250 base pairs upstream of the start site
Specific transcription factor binding sites
Distal promoter – the distal sequence upstream of the gene that may contain additional regulatory elements, often with a weaker influence than the proximal promoter
Anything further upstream (but not an enhancer or other regulatory region whose influence is positional/orientation independent)
Specific transcription factor binding sites
Bacterial[edit]
In bacteria, the promoter contains two short sequence elements approximately 10 (Pribnow Box) and 35 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site.
The sequence at -10 (the -10 element) has the consensus sequence TATAAT.
The sequence at -35 (the -35 element) has the consensus sequence TTGACA.
The above consensus sequences, while conserved on average, are not found intact in most promoters. On average, only 3 to 4 of the 6 base pairs in each consensus sequence are found in any given promoter. Few natural promoters have been identified to date that possess intact consensus sequences at both the -10 and -35; artificial promoters with complete conservation of the -10 and -35 elements have been found to transcribe at lower frequencies than those with a few mismatches with the consensus.
The optimal spacing between the -35 and -10 sequences is 17 bp.
Some promoters contain one or more upstream promoter element (UP element) subsites[6] (consensus sequence 5'-AAAAAARNR-3' when centered in the -42 region; consensus sequence 5'-AWWWWWTTTTT-3' when centered in the -52 region; W = A or T; R = A or G; N = any base).[7]
The above promoter sequences are recognized only by RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing sigma-70. RNA polymerase holoenzymes containing other sigma factors recognize different core promoter sequences.
   <-- upstream                                                          downstream -->
5'-XXXXXXXPPPPPPXXXXXXPPPPPPXXXXGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGXXXX-3'
           -35       -10       Gene to be transcribed

Probability of occurrence of each nucleotide[edit]
 for -10 sequence
 T    A    T    A    A   T
77%  76%  60%  61%  56%  82%

 for -35 sequence
 T    T    G    A    C    A
69%  79%  61%  56%  54%  54%

Eukaryotic[edit]
Eukaryotic promoters are diverse and can be difficult to characterize, however, recent studies show that they are divided in more than 10 classes.[8]
Ten classes of eukaryotic promoters and their representative DNA Patterns. The representative eukaryotic promoter classes are shown in the following sections: (A) AT-based class, (B) CG-based class, (C) ATCG-compact class, (D) ATCG-balanced class, (E) ATCG-middle class, (F) ATCG-less class, (G) AT-less class, (H) CG-spike class, (I) CG-less class and (J) ATspike class.[8]
Gene promoters are typically located upstream of the gene and can have regulatory elements several kilobases away from the transcriptional start site (enhancers). In eukaryotes, the transcriptional complex can cause the DNA to bend back on itself, which allows for placement of regulatory sequences far from the actual site of transcription. Eukaryotic RNA-polymerase-II-dependent promoters can contain a TATA element (consensus sequence TATAAA), which is recognized by the general transcription factor TATA-binding protein (TBP); and a B recognition element (BRE), which is recognized by the general transcription factor TFIIB.[5][9][10] The TATA element and BRE typically are located close to the transcriptional start site (typically within 30 to 40 base pairs).
Eukaryotic promoter regulatory sequences typically bind proteins called transcription factors that are involved in the formation of the transcriptional complex. An example is the E-box (sequence CACGTG), which binds transcription factors in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family (e.g. BMAL1-Clock, cMyc).[11] Some promoters that are targeted by multiple transcription factors might achieve a hyperactive state, leading to increased transcriptional activity.[12]
Bidirectional (mammalian)[edit]
Bidirectional promoters are short (<1 kbp) intergenic regions of DNA between the 5' ends of the genes in a bidirectional gene pair.[13] A “bidirectional gene pair” refers to two adjacent genes coded on opposite strands, with their 5' ends oriented toward one another.[14] The two genes are often functionally related, and modification of their shared promoter region allows them to be co-regulated and thus co-expressed.[15] Bidirectional promoters are a common feature of mammalian genomes.[16] About 11% of human genes are bidirectionally paired.[13]
Bidirectionally paired genes in the Gene Ontology database shared at least one database-assigned functional category with their partners 47% of the time.[17] Microarray analysis has shown bidirectionally paired genes to be co-expressed to a higher degree than random genes or neighboring unidirectional genes.[13] Although co-expression does not necessarily indicate co-regulation, methylation of bidirectional promoter regions has been shown to downregulate both genes, and demethylation to upregulate both genes.[18] There are exceptions to this, however. In some cases (about 11%), only one gene of a bidirectional pair is expressed.[13] In these cases, the promoter is implicated in suppression of the non-expressed gene. The mechanism behind this could be competition for the same polymerases, or chromatin modification. Divergent transcription could shift nucleosomes to upregulate transcription of one gene, or remove bound transcription factors to downregulate transcription of one gene.[19]
Some functional classes of genes are more likely to be bidirectionally paired than others. Genes implicated in DNA repair are five times more likely to be regulated by bidirectional promoters than by unidirectional promoters. Chaperone proteins are three times more likely, and mitochondrial genes are more than twice as likely. Many basic housekeeping and cellular metabolic genes are regulated by bidirectional promoters.[13] The overrepresentation of bidirectionally paired DNA repair genes associates these promoters with cancer. Forty-five percent of human somatic oncogenes seem to be regulated by bidirectional promoters – significantly more than non-cancer causing genes. Hypermethylation of the promoters between gene pairs WNT9A/CD558500, CTDSPL/BC040563, and KCNK15/BF195580 has been associated with tumors.[18]
Certain sequence characteristics have been observed in bidirectional promoters, including a lack of TATA boxes, an abundance of CpG islands, and a symmetry around the midpoint of dominant Cs and As on one side and Gs and Ts on the other. CCAAT boxes are common, as they are in many promoters that lack TATA boxes. In addition, the motifs NRF-1, GABPA, YY1, and ACTACAnnTCCC are represented in bidirectional promoters at significantly higher rates than in unidirectional promoters. The absence of TATA boxes in bidirectional promotors suggests that TATA boxes play a role in determining the directionality of promoters, but counterexamples of bidirectional promoters do possess TATA boxes and unidirectional promoters without them indicates that they cannot be the only factor.[20]
Although the term "bidirectional promoter" refers specifically to promoter regions of mRNA-encoding genes, luciferase assays have shown that over half of human genes do not have a strong directional bias. Research suggests that non-coding RNAs are frequently associated with the promoter regions of mRNA-encoding genes. It has been hypothesized that the recruitment and initiation of RNA polymerase II usually begins bidirectionally, but divergent transcription is halted at a checkpoint later during elongation. Possible mechanisms behind this regulation include sequences in the promoter region, chromatin modification, and the spatial orientation of the DNA.[19]
Subgenomic[edit]
A subgenomic promoter is a promoter added to a virus for a specific heterologous gene, resulting in the formation of mRNA for that gene alone. Many positive-sense RNA viruses produce these subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNA) as a one of the common infection techniques used by these viruses and generally transcribe late viral genes. Subgenomic promoters range from 24 nucleotide (Sindbis virus) to over 100 nucleotides (Beet necrotic yellow vein virus) and are usually found upstream of the transcription start. [21]
Detection[edit]
A wide variety of algorithms have been developed to facilitate detection of promoters in genomic sequence, and promoter prediction is a common element of many gene prediction methods. A promoter region is located before the -35 and -10 Consensus sequences. The closer the promoter region is to the consensus sequences the more often transcription of that gene will take place. There is not a set pattern for promoter regions as there are for consensus sequences.
Evolutionary change[edit]
Superposition between promoter distributions from Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Red color areas represent conserved promoter sequences.[22]
Gene promoters have been responsible for the integration of different mutations favorable for the environmental conditions.[4] Recent studies based on DNA patterns show that gene promoters are directly subjected to an immediate selection pressure.[8] A superposition of eukaryotic gene promoters from four different species shows that promoters of genes reflect the selection pressure of a species and less the phylogenetic relations between distant species.[8]
A major question in evolutionary biology is how important tinkering with promoter sequences is to evolutionary change, for example, the changes that have occurred in the human lineage after separating from other primates.
Some evolutionary biologists, for example Allan Wilson, have proposed that evolution in promoter or regulatory regions may be more important than changes in coding sequences over such time frames.
A key reason for the importance of promoters is the potential to incorporate endocrine and environmental[23] signals into changes in gene expression:[24] A great variety of changes in the extracellular or intracellular environment[25] may have impacts on gene expression, depending on the exact configuration of a given promoter; the combination and arrangement[26] of specific DNA sequences that constitute the promoter defines the exact groups of proteins that can be bound to the promoter, at a given timepoint.[27] Once the cell receives a physiological, pathological, or pharmacological stimulus, a number of cellular proteins are modified biochemically by signal cascades.[23] By changes in structure, specific proteins acquire the capability to enter the nucleus of the cell and bind to promoter DNA, or to other proteins that themselves are already bound to a given promoter. The multi-protein complexes that are formed have the potential to change levels of gene expression.[28] As a result, the gene product may increase or decrease inside the cell.
Diabetes[edit]
Other recent studies suggest that promoters of genes may be the primary cause of diabetes.[29] Promoters of genes associated with diabetes by Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show specific DNA patterns for each phenotype.[29] This observation indicates that the promoters of these genes use specific transcription factors for each diabetes phenotype.[29]
Binding[edit]
See also: Promoter activity
RNA Polymerase sigma 70 binding: The picture shows the region -35 and -10 of the promoter, which are the main regions of interactions with the sigma factor.
Distribution of gene promoters associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), Intermediary Diabetes Mellitus (IDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D promoters (blue dots), T2D promoters (red dots) and promoters from genes associated with the “intermediary” phenotype (green dots).[29]
The initiation of the transcription is a multistep sequential process that involves several mechanisms: promoter location, initial reversible binding of RNA polymerase, conformational changes in RNA polymerase, conformational changes in DNA, binding of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to the functional RNA polymerase-promoter complex, and nonproductive and productive initiation of RNA synthesis.[30]
The promoter binding process is crucial in the understanding of the process of gene expression.
Location[edit]
Although RNA polymerase holoenzyme shows high affinity to non-specific sites of the DNA, this characteristic does not allow us to clarify the process of promoter location.[31] This process of promoter location has been attributed to the structure of the holoenzyme to DNA and sigma 4 to DNA complexes.[32]
Diseases associated with aberrant function[edit]
Most diseases are heterogeneous in cause, meaning that one "disease" is often many different diseases at the molecular level, though symptoms exhibited and response to treatment may be identical. How diseases of different molecular origin respond to treatments is partially addressed in the discipline of pharmacogenomics.
Not listed here are the many kinds of cancers involving aberrant transcriptional regulation owing to creation of chimeric genes through pathological chromosomal translocation. Importantly, intervention in the number or structure of promoter-bound proteins is one key to treating a disease without affecting expression of unrelated genes sharing elements with the target gene.[33] Some genes whose change is not desirable are capable of influencing the potential of a cell to become cancerous.[34]
CpG islands in promoters[edit]
Main article: Regulation of transcription in cancer
In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.[35][36] CpG islands are generally 200 to 2000 base pairs long, have a C:G base pair content >50%, and have regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide and this occurs frequently in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.
Distal promoters also frequently contain CpG islands, such as the promoter of the DNA repair gene ERCC1, where the CpG island-containing promoter is located about 5,400 nucleotides upstream of the coding region of the ERCC1 gene.[37] CpG islands also occur frequently in promoters for functional noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs.
Methylation of CpG islands stably silences genes[edit]
In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5' position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form 5-methylcytosines. The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters causes stable silencing of genes.[38] Silencing of a gene may be initiated by other mechanisms, but this is often followed by methylation of CpG sites in the promoter CpG island to cause the stable silencing of the gene.[38]
Promoter CpG hyper/hypo-methylation in cancer[edit]
Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated. Although silencing of some genes in cancers occurs by mutation, a large proportion of carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylation in cancer). DNA methylation causing silencing in cancer typically occurs at multiple CpG sites in the CpG islands that are present in the promoters of protein coding genes.
Altered expressions of microRNAs also silence or activate many genes in progression to cancer (see microRNAs in cancer). Altered microRNA expression occurs through hyper/hypo-methylation of CpG sites in CpG islands in promoters controlling transcription of the microRNAs.
Silencing of DNA repair genes through methylation of CpG islands in their promoters appears to be especially important in progression to cancer (see methylation of DNA repair genes in cancer).
Canonical sequences and wild-type[edit]
The usage of the term canonical sequence to refer to a promoter is often problematic, and can lead to misunderstandings about promoter sequences. Canonical implies perfect, in some sense.
In the case of a transcription factor binding site, there may be a single sequence that binds the protein most strongly under specified cellular conditions. This might be called canonical.
However, natural selection may favor less energetic binding as a way of regulating transcriptional output. In this case, we may call the most common sequence in a population the wild-type sequence. It may not even be the most advantageous sequence to have under prevailing conditions.
Recent evidence also indicates that several genes (including the proto-oncogene c-myc) have G-quadruplex motifs as potential regulatory signals.
Diseases that may be associated with variations[edit]
Some cases of many genetic diseases are associated with variations in promoters or transcription factors.
Examples include:
Asthma[39][40]
Beta thalassemia[41]
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome[42]
Constitutive vs regulated[edit]
Some promoters are called constitutive as they are active in all circumstances in the cell, while others are regulated, becoming active in the cell only in response to specific stimuli.
Use of the term[edit]
When referring to a promoter some authors actually mean promoter + operator; i.e., the lac promoter is IPTG inducible, meaning that besides the lac promoter, the lac operator is also present. If the lac operator were not present the IPTG would not have an inducible effect.[43] Another example is the Tac-Promoter system (Ptac). Notice how tac is written as a tac promoter, while in fact tac is actually both a promoter and an operator.[44]
See also[edit]
Activator (genetics)
Enhancer (genetics)
Glossary of gene expression terms
Operon
Regulation of gene expression
Repressor
Transcription factor
Promoter bashing
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Bird A (2002). "DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory". Genes Dev. 16 (1): 6–21. doi:10.1101/gad.947102. PMID 11782440.
Jump up ^ Hobbs, K.; Negri, J.; Klinnert, M.; Rosenwasser, L. J.; Borish, L. (1998). "Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor- β Promoter Polymorphisms in Allergies and Asthma". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 158 (6): 1958–1962. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9804011. PMID 9847292.
Jump up ^ Burchard, E. G.; Silverman, E. K.; Rosenwasser, L. J.; Borish, L.; Yandava, C.; Pillari, A.; Weiss, S. T.; Hasday, J.; Lilly, C. M.; Ford, J. G.; Drazen, J. M. (1999). "Association Between a Sequence Variant in the IL-4 Gene Promoter and FEV1in Asthma". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 160 (3): 919–922. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9812024. PMID 10471619.
Jump up ^ Kulozik, A. B. K.; Bellan-Koch, A.; Bail, S.; Kohne, E.; Kleihauer, E. (May 1991). "Thalassemia intermedia: moderate reduction of beta globin gene transcriptional activity by a novel mutation of the proximal CACCC promoter element". Blood. 77 (9): 2054–2058. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 2018842.
Jump up ^ Petrij, F.; Giles, H.; Dauwerse, G.; Saris, J.; Hennekam, C.; Masuno, M.; Tommerup, N.; Van Ommen, J.; Goodman, H.; Peters, D. J.; Breuning, M. H. (July 1995). "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome caused by mutations in the transcriptional co-activator CBP". Nature. 376 (6538): 348–351. Bibcode:1995Natur.376..348P. doi:10.1038/376348a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 7630403.
Jump up ^ Lac operon
Jump up ^ http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/topics/in-vitro-genetics/expression-vectors.html
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Genetic promoter regions.
ORegAnno – Open Regulatory Annotation Database
Identifying a Protein Binding Sites on DNA molecule YouTube tutorial video
Pleiades Promoter Project – a research project with an aim to generate 160 fully characterized, human DNA promoters of less than 4 kb (MiniPromoters) to drive gene expression in defined brain regions of therapeutic interests.
ENCODE threads Explorer RNA and chromatin modification patterns around promoters. Nature (journal)
[hide]
v
t
e
Transcription (Bacterial, Eukaryotic)
Transcriptional regulation
prokaryotic
Operon
lac operon
trp operon
gab operon
ara operon
gal operon
Repressor
lac repressor
trp repressor
eukaryotic
Histone-modifying enzymes
(histone/nucleosome):
Histone methylation/Histone methyltransferase
EZH2
Histone demethylase
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone deacetylase HDAC1
Histone acetyltransferase
DNA methylation:
DNA methyltransferase
Chromatin remodeling:
CHD7
both
Transcription coregulator
Coactivator
Corepressor
Inducer
Promotion
Promoter
Pribnow box
TATA box
BRE
CAAT box
Response element
Enhancer
E-box
Response element
Insulator
Silencer
Internal control region
Initiation (bacterial,
eukaryotic
Transcription start site
Elongation
bacterial RNA polymerase: rpoB
eukaryotic RNA polymerase: RNA polymerase II
Termination
(bacterial,
eukaryotic)
Terminator
Intrinsic termination
Rho factor
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Supernatural (season 13)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Supernatural (season 13)
Promotional poster
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
16
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12) – present
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 12
List of Supernatural episodes
The thirteenth season of Supernatural, an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 12, 2017, on The CW and is set to conclude on May 17, 2018.[1] The season will consist of 23 episodes and air on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the second season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners.[2]
This season features a backdoor pilot to a possible spin-off series called Wayward Sisters, starring Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills, Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak, Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones, Clark Backo as Patience Turner and Yadira Guevara-Prip as Kaia Nieves.[3][4] The season also features an animated crossover episode with Scooby-Doo.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Starring
1.2 Special guest star
1.3 Guest stars
2 Episodes
3 Production
4 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Cast[edit]
Starring[edit]
Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester
Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester
Mark Pellegrino as Lucifer
Alexander Calvert as Jack
Misha Collins as Castiel
Special guest star[edit]
Loretta Devine as Missouri Moseley
Jim Beaver as Bobby Singer[6]
Guest stars[edit]
Samantha Smith as Mary Winchester
Ruth Connell as Rowena[7]
Osric Chau as Kevin Tran
Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills
Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum
Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak
Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones
Clark Backo as Patience Turner
Yadira Guevara-Prip as Kaia Nieves
Christian Keyes as Michael
Keith Szarabajka as Donatello Redfield
Courtney Ford as Kelly Kline
Jeffrey Vincent Parise as Asmodeus
Lisa Berry as Billie
David Haydn-Jones as Arthur Ketch
Danneel Ackles as Sister Jo / Anael[8]
Brendan Taylor as Doug Stover
Richard Speight Jr. as Gabriel
Chad Rook as Zachariah
Frank Welker as Fred Jones & Scooby Doo
Grey Griffin as Daphne Blake
Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers
Kate Micucci as Velma Dinkley
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Supernatural episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
265
1 "Lost and Found" Phil Sgriccia Andrew Dabb October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12) T13.20551 2.10[9]
Lucifer's son Jack seems unsure of himself and the world. Dean tries to shoot him and he knocks out both Winchesters with a sonic scream, leaving to search for his father. He ends up at a local police station and seems mostly innocent but is unsure of, and unable to control, his power. Sam and Dean follow; Dean insists on killing him but Sam sees Jack as just a child. While Dean explains what Jack is to a local officer, Jack explains he learned English from his mother and grew up quickly because she told him the world was dangerous; she also said that Castiel was the father who would protect him. Three angels show up wanting to use Jack's almost limitless power for themselves. The Winchesters banish two of them and kill the third; Jack is stabbed in the heart in the process but is unharmed by the blade. Dean agrees to take him to the bunker, but only until they can find a way to kill him. They are on their own with Chuck not answering prayers. They give Castiel and Kelly a hunter's funeral, also saying goodbye to Crowley and Mary whom they assume Lucifer killed. In the alternate world, Lucifer keeps Mary alive because he needs her for something.
266
2 "The Rising Son" Thomas J. Wright Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19) T13.20552 1.90[10]
On the way back to the bunker, the Winchesters and Jack stop at a hotel and are met by Donatello the prophet. Amara ate his soul, but he has been mentally making the moral choice ever since, and he was drawn to Jack's power. Jack reads the Bible to learn more about himself and his family. Realizing he'll need more protection, the Winchesters try to get him warding tattoos, but he reflexively attacks the tattoo artist for hurting him and his body heals the ink away. Dean takes this as proof that Jack will turn evil, while Sam thinks it's because he lacks control. Meanwhile, the final Prince of Hell, Asmodeus, takes charge of Hell until Lucifer returns, disguising himself as Donatello to trick Jack into freeing the Shedim — Hell's darkest creatures — to be a hero. The brothers and the real Donatello appear, and when Asmodeus hurts them, a flicker of Jack's power makes him flee. At the bunker, Dean admits to Jack that he will kill him if he turns bad. In the alternate world, Lucifer protects Mary, intending to trade her for Jack when they get home. They meet an alternate version of Michael, who killed his world's Lucifer. Michael is the stronger of the two, and keeps this Lucifer alive because he needs him for something.
267
3 "Patience" Robert Singer Robert Berens October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26) T13.20553 1.93[11]
Missouri Mosley (from Season 1's "Home") calls the Winchesters because a wraith with a taste for psychics is about to go after her family. Dean and Jody go to protect her son James and granddaughter Patience, who is unaware she has inherited Missouri's gift. The wraith reappears and kills Missouri, as she knew it would. James reveals he cut his mother out of his life many years ago, as he grew up fearing she would get killed and also because he couldn't forgive her after his wife Tess died after becoming sick despite Missouri saying she would be fine. The wraith attacks Patience at school and later kidnaps her from home intending to feed on her slowly. In a vision, Patience sees the wraith kill her father, Jody and Dean. She warns them and Dean kills the wraith. James and Dean think Patience should live a normal life, but Jody says it is Patience's choice and that her door is open if she needs help. Meanwhile, Sam tries to train Jack because he reminds him of his own days addicted to demon blood. Jack makes no progress, which he takes as a sign he will be evil, since his powers only work negatively. While the brothers argue over him, Jack says Castiel's name; Castiel hears this and wakes up in a void of nothingness.
268
4 "The Big Empty" John Badham Meredith Glynn November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02) T13.20554 1.82[12]
A man is killed by his dead wife. Taking the case, Sam convinces Dean to let Jack join them; also having convinced Jack to help save Mary if he can master his powers. There are no signs of a ghost or revenant. A woman is then killed by her dead son. Both victims shared a grief therapist Mia, whom the guys question pretending to be three brothers that lost their mother. Sam and Dean get into an argument about Mary; and Sam discovers Mia is a shapeshifter. Mia says she only helps people by pretending to be their loved ones to give closure, and the killer must be her ex boyfriend and fellow shapeshifter, Buddy. While Sam goes to Buddy's address, Buddy actually sneaks into Mia's office and knocks out Dean and Jack. When Mia refuses to kill them, Buddy prepares to shoot Sam when he walks into the room. Jack is able to use his powers to deflect the bullet away from Sam and throw Buddy into the wall, allowing Sam to kill him. Mia in Kelly's form tells Jack that even monsters can do good. At the bunker Dean gives Jack some approval; and wants Sam to keep believing Mary is alive, admitting that he no longer seems to believe in anything anymore. Meanwhile, Castiel is in The Empty, a place predating even God and Amara, where all angels and demons sleep forever after they die. Castiel is the first in eternity to wake up. The entity there takes Castiel's form and taunts him to go back to sleep as the entity hates being awake itself. Castiel refuses, forcing the entity to send him back to Earth.
269
5 "Advanced Thanatology" John Showalter Steve Yockey November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09) T13.20555 1.71[13]
Two teenagers explore an abandoned asylum and one of them is killed. The survivor, Shawn, is left unable to speak from trauma and taking a medical mask with him. The brothers take the case and Dean insists he will be fine but clearly isn't. Dean is unable to get Shawn to talk. Sam discovers the asylum's doctor used to lobotomize his patients and the next day Shawn disappears. At the asylum Dean burns the masks destroying the doctor but the place is still haunted; Dean kills himself to find out where the patients bodies are. Shawn was possessed to go back there through the mask and the doctor made him kill himself. A Reaper reports that Dean is in The Veil and the new Death comes to see him: Billie. As the first Reaper to die after Dean killed the old Death she took the job, wanting information on how the hole to the other universe ripped open. She sees the Winchesters as important to the universe with work to do; letting the ghosts move on and sending Dean back, stating his choices decide how he dies. Dean admits to Sam he needs a victory, and they are reunited with Castiel.
270
6 "Tombstone" Nina Lopez-Corrado Davy Perez November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16) T13.20556 1.89[14]
After meeting Castiel, Jack finds a case in Dodge City, Kansas. Dean loves all Western scene material. A local deputy is killed and his Uncle Joe, another officer, swears revenge. Questioning the local undertaker, Athena, Sam realizes they are dealing with a ghoul, whom Dean recognizes as wearing the face of the famous outlaw Dave Mather. Dave robs a bank so Athena can afford to go to school in California, she has no idea what Dave really is. The brothers, Castiel and Jack get into a shootout with Dave; Jack blasts him with power but accidentally kills a bank security guard, while Dave escapes. Castiel cannot heal the guard. As the others take Jack back, Dean and Joe investigate the local graveyard where Dave has captured Athena. Dean distracts him so Joe can shoot his head off. Dean has Joe blame the guard's death on Dave. At the bunker, despite the other three saying it was a mistake, a withdrawn Jack believes he is a monster and will end up hurting the others so he must leave; knocking them back and teleporting away.
271
7 "War of the Worlds" Richard Speight, Jr. Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner November 23, 2017 (2017-11-23) T13.20557 1.24[15]
Castiel informs Sam and Dean that he has a meeting with an angel about Jack but says he needs to go alone. Asmodeus is unable to sense Jack, and is told that the Winchesters no longer have him. In the alternate world, Michael takes most of Lucifer's grace, using his Kevin Tran to create a portal for Lucifer's earth. Instead, Lucifer escapes and the portal closes. Lucifer arrives back in the correct time, but is greatly weakened. Meanwhile the brothers notice witches being killed. Talking to a survivor, they discover the killer is searching for Rowena and looks like Arthur Ketch. Capturing him, he claims to be Arthur's twin brother, Alexander, who turned his back on the British Men of Letters. Sam finds records of Alexander but Dean is skeptical. Castiel meets with the angel Dumah and is told the angels' population is very low and they intend to force Jack to create more angels when they find him. The angels try to capture Castiel, but Lucifer is able to scare them off. He tries to convince Castiel about the urgent threat of the other Michael, saying they need Jack's power, and he decides not to tell the Winchesters. Asmodeus then appears, deciding he is the ruler of hell, capturing them both. Tracking Castiel, the brothers are attacked by demons but are helped by Alexander; who finally admits he is Arthur. He tells them Rowena gave him a spell to cheat death in exchange for allowing her to escape after being captured by the British Men of Letters some years back, but it needs a recharge so he must find her, insinuating she survived. Dean attacks but Arthur escapes. Asmodeus locks up Lucifer and Castiel and tricks the Winchesters into thinking everything is fine; having worked with Arthur all along.
272
8 "The Scorpion and the Frog" Robert Singer Meredith Glynn November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30) T13.20558 1.73[16]
After stealing a Nephilim tracking spell from a British museum, the Crossroad Demon Barthamus offers to trade it to the Winchesters to find Jack. In exchange, Barthamus requests the Winchesters aid his minions Smash and Grab in stealing a trunk from a man named Luther Shrike. Luther has Barthamus' trunk in a vault that only Dean can open due to his previous time in Hell. The Winchesters reluctantly agree to the deal and perform a raid on Luther's property. During the raid, Luther realizes the truth and kills Grab, a demon, before being captured by the Winchesters. With the help of Smash, who is a girl named Alice who once made a deal with Barthamus and is now forced to work for him, the Winchesters are able to retrieve the trunk. To their shock, the Winchesters learn that Luther is a man who once made a deal with Barthamus to save his son only to be double-crossed. The trunk contains Barthamus' human bones, leverage with which Luther can force Barthamus to leave him alone. Barthamus kills Luther, but the Winchesters reject his deal due to Barthamus' actions. Alice kills Barthamus by burning his bones, but the spell is destroyed with him. Despite this, the Winchesters are content with how things turned out as they managed to free Alice from her deal to live a normal life and stopped Barthamus.
273
9 "The Bad Place" Phil Sgriccia Robert Berens December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07) T13.20559 1.74[17]
Jack approaches a dreamwalker named Derek Swan in order to look into the alternate reality where Mary Winchester and Lucifer were trapped. Shortly afterwards, the Winchesters learn from Sheriff Jody Mills that Derek is dead and Jack is apparently responsible. The Winchesters track down Jack shortly after he helps dreamwalker Kaia Nieves escape from a drug rehabilitation facility. Jack is revealed to be innocent in Derek's death. He reveals that he has been attempting to rescue Mary from the alternate reality, but he needs a dreamwalker in order to see the world so that he can open a portal. The Winchesters and Jack rescue Kaia from angels looking for Jack to help them repopulate their species and Dean holds Kaia at gunpoint, forcing her to help them rescue Mary. Under attack by angels, Kaia and Jack combine their powers to open a portal, disintegrating the angels at the same time. Due to Kaia's visions of another reality populated by monsters that she calls the Bad Place, the Winchesters end up in the Bad Place instead while Kaia is deposited on the side of the road and Jack finds Mary. At the same time, Patience Turner has visions of the Winchesters and Jody Mills in great danger. Against her father's wishes, Patience leaves to help and warns Jody that something terrible is coming.
274
10 "Wayward Sisters" Phil Sgriccia Robert Berens & Andrew Dabb January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18) T13.20560 1.85[18]
After completing a werewolf hunt, Claire Novak gets a call from Jody Mills that the Winchesters are missing and returns to Sioux Falls. At the same time, the Winchesters remain trapped in the Bad Place where they are ambushed by a hooded figure that apparently intends to feed them to a giant monster. Working together, Jody, Alex and Claire attempt to locate and rescue the Winchesters. They are joined by Patience Turner who warns of a vision where Claire dies. The group locates dreamwalker Kaia Nieves, but come under attack by monsters from the Bad Place, making them realize that the rift to the Bad Place is still open. With the help of Kaia and Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Jody's family locates the rift. As Claire and Kaia travel to the Bad Place to rescue the Winchesters, Jody, Alex, Patience and Donna work together to kill several attacking monsters. Claire and Kaia succeed in rescuing the Winchesters before the rift closes, but Kaia is killed by the hooded figure, the true unexpected outcome of Patience's vision. In the aftermath, Sam warns Jody that more monsters may have made it through the rift in the time that it was open and Claire mourns Kaia's death. As Claire sits down to eat dinner with her family and swears revenge on Kaia's killer, another rift opens and the hooded figure emerges. The hooded figure is revealed to be an alternate reality version of Kaia.
275
11 "Breakdown" Amyn Kaderali Davy Perez January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25) T13.20561 1.93[19]
In Oshkosh, Nebraska, Donna Hanscum's niece Wendy is kidnapped. Desperate, Donna contacts the Winchesters for help despite the fact that it appears that they are dealing with a human villain rather than a monster. The Winchesters agree to help Donna and team up with Donna, her boyfriend Officer Doug Stover and Agent Clegg of the FBI. Clegg identifies the villain as the Butterfly, a serial abductor operating in the area for the past twelve years. With the help of a trucker, Dean identifies a gas station clerk Marlon as a participant in the abduction. Marlon reveals that the kidnapped victims are butchered and their parts sold online to monsters by the Butterfly. Clegg is revealed to be the Butterfly and kidnaps Sam in order to sell off his parts to monsters. Marlon is revealed to be a vampire and turns Doug into one as well. Dean and Donna are able to use Marlon's blood to cure Doug and force Marlon to give up Clegg's location before killing him. Donna rescues Wendy and kills Clegg's accomplice while Dean kills Clegg in time to save Sam's life. In the aftermath, Doug is terrified by the discovery of the world of monsters and breaks up with Donna. Sam displays a bleak outlook on life, believing that the Winchesters and anyone they get close to will suffer a terrible end.
276
12 "Various & Sundry Villains" Amanda Tapping Steve Yockey February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01) T13.20562 1.68[20]
Dean falls under a love spell cast by Jaime Plum, a witch working with her sister Jennie to steal the Black Grimoire, the spell book the Winchesters took from the Loughlin Family. Though the Plums succeed in stealing the book, Rowena unexpectedly shows up to help despite having been believed dead for months. Rowena reveals that she was resurrected again by the precautionary spell she put in place, but took a very long time to recover from her death. Rowena is seeking the Black Grimoire as it contains a ritual that will allow her to remove the magical binding placed upon her by the Grand Coven and regain her full powers. Privately, Rowena admits to Sam that she saw Lucifer's true face and she is terrified of his inevitable return. After stealing the Black Grimorie, the Plums attempt to use it to resurrect their deceased mother, but only succeed in bringing her back as a zombie. Together the Winchesters and Rowena defeat the Plums and recover the Black Grimoire. Though the Winchesters keep the book, a sympathetic Sam allows Rowena to take the page with the ritual she needs and Rowena is able to restore her full powers. At the same time, Castiel and Lucifer form an alliance to escape Asmodeus' custody. Though they succeed, Castiel refuses to trust Lucifer or give up some of his grace to him. Castiel attacks Lucifer with an angel blade, causing him harm in his weakened state.
277
13 "Devil's Bargain" Eduardo Sánchez Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08) T13.20563 1.81[21]
Following his confrontation with Lucifer, a wounded Castiel makes his way back to the Winchesters and informs them of everything that has happened including Lucifer's return. The Winchesters realize that the demon tablet could potentially contain the spell the alternate Kevin Tran used to reopen the rift and set Prophet Donatello Redfield to work on translating it. Learning of Donatello's work, Asmodeus places Donatello under his control with an order to let him know once the spell is translated. With Lucifer becoming more human, he begins draining other angels' graces in an effort to restore his own. Along the way, Lucifer meets the angel Anael, disguised as a faith healer named Sister Jo. Lucifer and Anael form a connection while the Winchesters and Arthur Ketch, working for Asmodeus, hunt for Lucifer. Lucifer and Anael are able to avoid an attempt to kill them by Arthur. Lucifer, with a promise to help make new angels and to restore the living angels wings, becomes the ruler of Heaven again with Anael at his side. Following Lucifer's escape, Arthur proposes an alliance between himself and the Winchesters to defeat Lucifer and Michael's upcoming invasion, revealing his work for Asmodeus in the process. The Winchesters reluctantly concede that they need Arthur for now and are unaware of Donatello being under the control of Asmodeus as he translates the spell. When Arthur reports his failure to Asmodeus, Asmodeus reveals that he has acquired an Archangel Blade, the one weapon that can kill Lucifer. As well, Asmodeus has prisoner the Archangel Gabriel who has been believed dead for nearly eight years.
278
14 "Good Intentions" P. J. Pesce Meredith Glynn March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01) T13.20564 1.61[22]
While reading the demon tablet, Prophet Donatello Redfield, due to his soulless state, becomes corrupted by its power. As a result, he gives the Winchesters and Castiel what he claims is the ingredients before attacking Sam who manages to subdue him. Donatello sends Dean and Castiel after Gog and Magog in an attempt to kill them, but the attempt fails. With Donatello refusing to help, Castiel forcefully strips the information from his mind, leaving Donatello brain dead. Castiel justifies that they are fighting a war for their very survival and reveals that they need the grace of an archangel, a fruit from the Tree of Life, the seal of Solomon and the blood of a most holy man. In the Apocalypse World, Zachariah (Chad Rook) tries and fails to trick Jack into helping the angels. Working together, Jack and Mary escape Michael's fortress and are taken by Bobby Singer (Jim Beaver) to one of the few human colonies left. Bobby reveals to Mary the history of Apocalypse World and the war of extermination the angels are waging, causing Mary to realize that her own alternate self created this world by not making the deal with Azazel and having Sam and Dean. Jack is ordered exiled once his true nature is discovered, but Zachariah leads an attack on the colony before he can leave. Jack kills Zachariah and helps repel the attack on the colony, earning him acceptance. Having grown to care for the humans of Apocalypse World, Jack decides to kill Michael in order to end his war of extermination and save what's left of the human race.
279
15 "A Most Holy Man" Amanda Tapping Andrew Dabb & Robert Singer March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08) T13.20565 1.66[23]
The Winchesters realize that the blood of a most holy man likely refers to a saint and set out to find someone who has saint blood. Through a black market dealer named Margaret Astor, the Winchesters are directed to a man named Richard Greenstreet who claims to have saint's blood. Greenstreet offers to give the Winchesters the blood of Saint Ignatius if they get him the skull of Saint Peter which has recently been stolen from a monastery in Malta by a man working for Seattle mob boss Santino Scarpatti. After discovering the thief murdered, the Winchesters are apprehended by Scarpatti's henchmen and Scarpatti offers a deal where he will pay them a handsome finder's fee that they can buy the blood with if they get him the skull. Complicating matters, the Winchesters meet Father Luca Camilleri, a priest from Malta seeking the skull for altruistic reasons. The Winchesters choose to help Luca and discover that Margaret Astor had murdered the thief to auction the skull off to everyone interested. Sam joins the auction, but Greenstreet instigates a gunfight that kills Margaret, Scarpatti and their henchmen. During the fight, Luca saves Dean's life and the Winchesters learn that Greenstreet lied about having the saint's blood. Greenstreet is arrested while Luca returns home with the skull. Before Luca leaves, Sam learns that he is an apostolic protonotary supernumery, a title given by the Pope for doing good works. As a result, Luca was declared "a most holy man" by the Pope and at the Winchesters' request, gives them his blood. Afterwards, Dean displays faith for the first time that they will succeed.
280
16 "Scoobynatural" Robert Singer Jim Krieg & Jeremy Adams March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29) TBA TBD
After stopping a plushie that comes to life in a pawn shop and attacks, the grateful owner gives Dean a new TV for free. While testing out the TV, the Winchesters are sucked into Dean's favorite episode of Scooby Doo, Where Are You? followed soon after by Castiel. To the group's shock, they discover an actual ghost that begins killing people and the Winchesters and the Scooby Gang are forced to team up together to stop it. Working together, the Winchesters and the Scooby Gang trap the ghost who reveals himself to be a young boy who a greedy real estate developer in the real world is using to scare away reluctant shop owners. The ghost helps the Winchesters and Castiel fool the Scooby Gang into thinking that it was a human villain before returning the Winchesters and Castiel to the real world. There, the three put the ghost to rest and get the criminal arrested for for tax evasion. Before getting sucked into Scooby-Doo, Castiel is shown to have gotten the fruit from the Tree of Life, bringing the Winchesters one step closer to their goal of opening a portal to Apocalypse World.
281
17 "The Thing"[24] John Showalter Davy Perez April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05) TBA TBD
282
18 "Bring 'em Back Alive"[25] Amyn Kaderali Brad Buckner & Eugenie Ross-Leming April 12, 2018 (2018-04-12) TBA TBD
283
19 TBA Nina Lopez-Corrado[26] TBA April 19, 2018 (2018-04-19)[27] TBA TBD
284
20 TBA Richard Speight, Jr.[28] TBA April 26, 2018 (2018-04-26)[27] TBA TBD
285
21 TBA Phil Sgriccia[29] TBA May 3, 2018 (2018-05-03)[27] TBA TBD
Production[edit]
Supernatural was renewed for a thirteenth season by The CW on January 8, 2017.[30] This season is the first season not to feature Mark Sheppard as Crowley since his introduction in season 5, as the actor announced in May 2017 he would not be returning after his character was killed off for the last time.[31] Alexander Calvert, who was introduced as Jack in the twelfth season finale, was promoted to series regular for this season.[32]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Lost and Found" October 12, 2017 0.7/3 2.10[9] TBD TBD TBD TBD
2 "The Rising Son" October 19, 2017 0.7/3 1.90[10] TBD TBD TBD TBD
3 "Patience" October 26, 2017 0.6/2 1.93[11] TBD TBD TBD TBD
4 "The Big Empty" November 2, 2017 0.6/2 1.82[12] 0.5 TBD 1.1[33] TBD
5 "Advanced Thanatology" November 9, 2017 0.6/2 1.71[13] TBD TBD TBD TBD
6 "Tombstone" November 16, 2017 0.7/3 1.89[14] TBD TBD TBD TBD
7 "War of the Worlds" November 23, 2017 0.3/1 1.24[15] 0.5 1.21 0.8 2.45[34]
8 "The Scorpion and the Frog" November 30, 2017 0.6/2 1.73[16] TBD TBD TBD TBD
9 "The Bad Place" December 7, 2017 0.6/2 1.74[17] TBD TBD TBD TBD
10 "Wayward Sisters" January 18, 2018 0.6/2 1.85[18] 0.4 TBD 1.0[35] TBD
11 "Breakdown" January 25, 2018 0.6/2 1.93[19] 0.5 1.10 1.1 3.03[36]
12 "Various & Sundry Villains" February 1, 2018 0.6/2 1.68[20] 0.4 0.94 1.0 2.62[37]
13 "Devil's Bargain" February 8, 2018 0.6/2 1.81[21] 0.4 1.08 1.0 2.89[38]
14 "Good Intentions" March 1, 2018 0.6/2 1.61[22] TBD 0.97 TBD 2.59[39]
15 "A Most Holy Man" March 8, 2018 0.5/2 1.66[23] 0.4 1.05 0.9 2.73[40]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Catch The CW's Season Finales This April and May!". The Futon Critic. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael; Gelman, Vlada (May 13, 2016). "Supernatural Names New Showrunners as Jeremy Carver Moves to Frequency". TVLine. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (July 23, 2017). "Wayward Sisters: Spinoff Adds Supernatural Trio And Newcomer To Cast". Deadline. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Highfill, Samantha (September 28, 2017). "Supernatural Spin-off casts Yadira Guevara-Prip as Kaia". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (May 18, 2017). "Supernatural Meets Scooby-Doo? Jinkies, It's Happening!". TVLine. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jim Beaver [@jumblejim] (January 1, 2018). "In 48 hours, I'll be back in Vancouver loading angel-blade bullets!" (Tweet). Retrieved January 2, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (October 19, 2017). "Spoiler Room: Scoop on 'The Originals', 'Once Upon a Time', 'Supernatural' and more". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Turchiano, Danielle (December 1, 2017). "'Supernatural' Casts Danneel Ackles in Recurring Role (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Gotham' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 20, 2017). "'Gotham' and 'Supernatural' adjust up, final NFL numbers: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 27, 2017). "NFL adjusts up, scripted shows all unchanged: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Will & Grace' adjusts up, 'Sheldon' and other CBS shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 10, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory' and 'Thursday Night Football' adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'Supernatural' and NFL adjust up, 'Young Sheldon' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 28, 2017). "Primetime NFL adjusts up on Thanksgiving: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 4, 2017). "'Supernatural,' 'Big Bang Theory' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 8, 2017). "'Supernatural' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 22, 2018). "'Grey's Anatomy' adjusts up, 'The Four,' 'Scandal' and 'Great News' down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'Grey's Anatomy' adjusts up, 'Big Bang Theory' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 2, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'The Four' adjust up, 'Mom' and 'AP Bio' adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 9, 2018). "Olympics adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 2, 2018). "'Superstore,' 'SWAT,' 'Scandal' and 'AP Bio' adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 9, 2018). "'Young Sheldon,' 'SWAT,' all NBC shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "(#1317) "The Thing"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "(#1318) "Bring 'em Back Alive"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jim Michaels [@TheJimMichaels] (February 19, 2018). "Time to tee up episode 19 of season 13 for #Supernatural @cw_spn tech survey with @NLopezCorrado at the helm again!" (Tweet). Retrieved February 28, 2018 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Shows A-Z - supernatural on cw". The Futon Critic. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jim Michaels [@TheJimMichaels] (March 1, 2018). "Tech survey time for episode 20 of @cw_supernatural with @dicksp8jr at the helm!" (Tweet). Retrieved March 3, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Jim Michaels [@TheJimMichaels] (March 12, 2018). "Time to load up the big bus and tech survey episode 21 for season 13 of @cw_spn!" (Tweet). Retrieved March 13, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (January 8, 2017). "The CW Renews Supernatural, DC Superhero Shows". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gelman, Vlada (May 24, 2017). "Supernatural Season 13: Mark Sheppard Not Returning as a Series Regular". TVLine. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (August 9, 2017). "Supernatural Promotes Lucifer's Son to Series Regular Ahead of Season 13". TVLine. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 7, 2017). "'Chicago Med' premiere makes solid gains in week 9 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'This Is Us,' 'The Good Doctor' both double in week 17 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'This Is Us' sets NBC records in week 18 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 15, 2018). "Closing the book on the Super Bowl 'This Is Us': Week 19 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 22, 2018). "'The Good Doctor' and 'This Is Us' on top again: Week 20 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 15, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD,' 16 other shows double in week 23 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 22, 2018). "'This Is Us' leads the week 24 broadcast Live +7 ratings – by quite a bit". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Supernatural at epguides.com
List of Supernatural episodes on IMDb
List of Supernatural season 13 episodes at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Supernatural
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"Devil's Trap"
Season 2
"What Is and What Should Never Be"
"All Hell Breaks Loose"
Season 3
"Fresh Blood"
"A Very Supernatural Christmas"
"Dream a Little Dream of Me"
"No Rest for the Wicked"
Season 4
"Lazarus Rising"
Season 5
"Sympathy for the Devil"
"Good God, Y'All!"
"Swan Song"
Season 6
"Exile on Main St."
Season 7
"Meet the New Boss"
"Hello, Cruel World"
Season 8
"Sacrifice"
Season 9
Season 10
"Black"
"Reichenbach"
"Soul Survivor"
"Brother's Keeper"
Season 11
"Out of the Darkness, Into the Fire"
"Form and Void"
"The Bad Seed"
"Baby"
"Thin Lizzie"
"Our Little World"
"O Brother Where Art Thou?"
"The Devil in the Details"
"Beyond the Mat"
"Safe House"
"Hell's Angel"
"Don't Call Me Shurley"
"All in the Family"
"We Happy Few"
"Alpha and Omega"
Season 12
"Keep Calm and Carry On"
"Mamma Mia"
"The Foundry"
"American Nightmare"
"The One You've Been Waiting For"
"Celebrating the Life of Asa Fox"
"Rock Never Dies"
"LOTUS"
"First Blood"
"Lily Sunder Has Some Regrets"
Season 13
Characters
Main
Sam Winchester
Dean Winchester
Ruby
Bela Talbot
Castiel
Crowley
Lucifer
Supporting
John Winchester
Bobby Singer
Jo Harvelle
Ellen Harvelle
Anna Milton
Jody Mills
Antagonists
Azazel
Meg Masters
Lilith
Uriel
Alastair
Zachariah
Other
Awards and nominations
Supernatural Wiki
Supernatural: Bloodlines
Wikipedia books: Supernatural
Seasons
Season 1
Season 2
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supernatural_(season_13)&oldid=833202060"
Categories:
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