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Order of the Garter
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Most Noble Order of the Garter
Arms of the Order of the Garter: A cross of St George, circumscribed by the Garter
Awarded by
Sovereign of the United Kingdom
Type
Dynastic order
Established
1348
Motto
Middle French: Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shame on him who thinks ill of it)[1]
Criteria
At the monarch's pleasure
Status
Currently constituted
Founder
Edward III of England
Sovereign
Queen Elizabeth II
Chancellor
James, Duke of Abercorn
Classes
Knight/Lady
Royal Knight/Lady
Stranger Knight/Lady
Statistics
First induction
1348
Last induction
2017
Total inductees
[show]
Edward III 62
Richard II 29
Henry IV 27
Henry V 21
Henry VI 44
Edward IV 36
Richard III 8
Henry VII 37
Henry VIII 53
Edward VI 13
Mary I 9
Elizabeth I 54
James I 29
Charles I 21
Charles II 47
James II 7
Mary II & William III 14
Anne 14
George I 21
George II 32
George III 75
George IV 14
William IV 14
Victoria 132
Edward VII 27
George V 45
George VI 31
Elizabeth II 104
Tally: 1,019
Precedence
Next (higher)
George Cross
Next (lower)
Order of the Thistle

Riband of the Order of the Garter
Symbol of the Order of the Garter embroidered onto the left shoulder of the blue velvet mantle of a Knight
Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Lancaster (d.1361) (later Duke of Lancaster), the second appointee of the Order, shown wearing a tabard displaying the royal arms of England over which is his blue mantle or garter robe. Illuminated miniature from the Bruges Garter Book made c.1430 by William Bruges (1375–1450), first Garter King of Arms
The Order of the Garter (formally the Most Noble Order of the Garter) is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III in 1348 and regarded as the most prestigious British order of chivalry (though in precedence inferior to the military Victoria Cross and George Cross) in England and the United Kingdom. It is dedicated to the image and arms of Saint George, England's patron saint.
Appointments are made at the Sovereign's sole discretion. Membership of the Order is limited to the Sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and no more than 24 living members, or Companions. The order also includes supernumerary knights and ladies (e.g., members of the British Royal Family and foreign monarchs). New appointments to the Order of the Garter are often announced on St George's Day (23 April), as Saint George is the order's patron saint.[2]
The order's emblem is a garter with the motto Honi soit qui mal y pense (Middle French: "Shame on him who thinks ill of it") in gold lettering. Members of the order wear it on ceremonial occasions.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 List of Founder Knights
1.2 Legendary origins
1.3 Ladies Companion of the Garter
2 Composition
2.1 Members
2.2 Supernumerary members
2.3 Degradation of members
2.4 Officers
3 Military Knights of Windsor
4 Habit and insignia
4.1 Members
4.1.1 Order's ceremonial occasions
4.1.2 Other occasions
4.2 Officers
5 Chapel
6 Investiture and installation
7 Precedence and privileges
8 Gallery
8.1 Armorial
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
History[edit]
King Edward III founded the Order of the Garter around the time of his claim to the French throne.[1] The year is usually presumed to be 1348; however, the Complete Peerage, under "The Founders of the Order of the Garter", states the order was first instituted on 23 April 1344, listing each founding member as knighted in 1344. The list includes Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt, who died on 20 October 1345.[3] Other dates from 1344 to 1351 have also been proposed. The King's wardrobe account shows Garter habits first issued in the autumn of 1348. Also, its original statutes required that each member of the Order already be a knight (what would now be referred to as a knight bachelor) and some of the initial members listed were only knighted that year.[4]
The earliest written mention of the Order is found in Tirant lo Blanch, a chivalric romance written in Catalan mainly by Valencian Joanot Martorell. It was first published in 1490. This book devotes a chapter to the description of the origin of the Order of the Garter.[5]
List of Founder Knights[edit]
At the time of its foundation, the Order consisted of King Edward III, together with 25 Founder Knights, listed in ascending order of stall number in St George's Chapel:[6]
King Edward III (1312–77)
Edward, the Black Prince, Prince of Wales (1330–76)
Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Lancaster (c. 1310–61)
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick (d. 1369)
Jean de Grailly, Captal de Buch (d. 1377)
Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford (1301–72)
William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1328–97)
Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March (1328–60)
John de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle (1318–56)
Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh (d. 1369)
John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp (d. 1360)
John de Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun (c. 1320–76)
Sir Hugh de Courtenay (d. 1349)
Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent (1314–1360)
John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield (c. 1300–59)
Sir Richard Fitz-Simon (b. 1295)
Sir Miles Stapleton (d. 1364)
Sir Thomas Wale (d. 1352)
Sir Hugh Wrottesley (d. 1381)
Sir Nele Loring (d. 1386)
Sir John Chandos (d. 1369)
Sir James Audley (d. 1369)
Sir Otho Holand (d. 1359)
Sir Henry Eam (d. before 1360)
Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt (d. 1345)[3]
Sir Walter Paveley (d. 1375)
They are all depicted in individual portraits in the Bruges Garter Book made c. 1431, and now in the British Library.
Legendary origins[edit]
Statutes of the Order of the Garter
Various legends account for the origin of the Order. The most popular involves the "Countess of Salisbury", whose garter is said to have slipped from her leg while she was dancing at a court ball at Calais. When the surrounding courtiers sniggered, the king picked it up and returned it to her, exclaiming, "Honi soit qui mal y pense!" ("Shame on him who thinks ill of it!"), the phrase that has become the motto of the Order.[1]
According to another legend, King Richard I was inspired in the 12th century by St George the Martyr while fighting in the Crusades to tie garters around the legs of his knights, who subsequently won the battle. King Edward supposedly recalled the event in the 14th century when he founded the Order.[4] This story is recounted in a letter to the Annual Register in 1774:[7]
In Rastel's Chronicle, I. vi. under the life of Edward III is the following curious passage: "About the 19 yere [sic] of this kinge, he made a solempne feest at Wyndesore, and a greate justes and turnament, where he devysed, and perfyted substanegally, the order of the knyghtes of the garter; howe be it some afferme that this order began fyrst by kynge Rycharde, Cure de Lyon, at the sege of the citye of Acres; where, in his great necessyte, there were but 26 knyghtes that fyrmely and surely abode by the kynge; where he caused all them to were thonges of blew leyther about theyr legges. And afterwarde they were called the knyghtes of the blew thonge." I am obliged for this passage to John Fenn, Esq; a curious and ingenious gentleman of East-Dereham, in Norfolk, who is in possession of the most rare book whence it is taken. Hence some affirm, that the origin of the garter is to be dated from Richard I* and that it owes its pomp and splendor to Edward III.
*Winstanley, in his Life of Edward III says that the original book of the institution deduces the invention from King Richard the First.
The motto in fact refers to Edward's claim to the French throne, and the Order of the Garter was created to help pursue this claim. The use of the garter as an emblem may have derived from straps used to fasten armour.[1]
There is a connection between the Order of the Garter and the Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (late 14th century). The motto is inscribed, as hony soyt qui mal pence, at the end of the text in the sole surviving manuscript in the British Library, albeit in a later hand.[8] In the poem, a girdle, very similar in its erotic undertones to the garter, plays a prominent role. A rough equivalent of the Order's motto has been identified in Gawain's exclamation corsed worth cowarddyse and couetyse boþe ("cursed be both cowardice and coveting", v. 2374).[9] While the author of that poem remains disputed, there seems to be a connection between two of the top candidates and the Order of the Garter, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and Enguerrand de Coucy, seventh Sire de Coucy. De Coucy was married to King Edward III's daughter, Isabella, and was given admittance to the Order of the Garter on their wedding day."[10]
Ladies Companion of the Garter[edit]
Soon after the founding of the Order, women were appointed "Ladies of the Garter", but were not made companions. King Henry VII discontinued the practice in 1488; his mother, Margaret Beaufort, was the last Lady of the Garter before Queen Alexandra. Except for female sovereigns, the next Lady of the Garter named was Queen Alexandra, by her husband King Edward VII. King George V also made his consort, Queen Mary, a Lady of the Garter and King George VI subsequently did the same for his wife, Queen Elizabeth. Throughout the 20th century, women continued to be associated with the Order, but save for foreign female monarchs, they were not made companions.[11] In 1987, however, it became possible to install "Ladies Companion of the Garter" under a statute of Queen Elizabeth II.[12]
Composition[edit]
See also: List of current Knights and Ladies of the Garter
Knights Companion in the procession to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle for the Garter Service
Members[edit]
Membership in the Order is strictly limited and includes the Monarch, the Prince of Wales, not more than 24 companion members, and various supernumerary members. The monarch alone can grant membership.[13] He or she is known as the Sovereign of the Garter, and the Prince of Wales is known as a Royal Knight Companion of the Garter.[14]
Male members of the Order are titled "Knights Companion" and female members are called "Ladies Companion". Formerly, the Sovereign filled vacancies upon the nomination of the members. Each member would nominate nine candidates, of whom three had to have the rank of earl or higher, three the rank of baron or higher, and three the rank of knight or higher. The Sovereign would choose as many nominees as were necessary to fill any vacancies in the Order. He or she was not obliged to choose those who received the most nominations. Candidates were last nominated in 1860, and appointments have since been made by the Sovereign acting alone, with no prior nominations. The statutes prescribing the former procedure were not amended, however, until 1953.[15]:198
From the 18th century, the Sovereign made his or her choices on the advice of the Government. In 1946, with the agreement of the Prime Minister Clement Attlee and the Leader of the Opposition Winston Churchill, membership of the United Kingdom's highest ranking orders of chivalry (the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle and the dormant Order of St. Patrick) became a personal gift of the Sovereign once again.[11] Thus, the Sovereign personally selects Knights and Ladies Companion of the Garter, and need not act on or solicit the advice of His or Her Government.[16]
Supernumerary members[edit]
See also: List of Degraded Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
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Emperor Taishō in the robes of the Order of the Garter, as a consequence of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar and Queen Victoria in 1873
In addition, the Order includes supernumerary members, who do not count towards the limit of 24 companions. Several supernumerary members, known as "Royal Knights and Ladies of the Garter", belong to the royal family. These titles were introduced in 1786 by King George III so that his many sons would not count towards the limit on the number of companions. He created the statute of supernumerary members in 1805 so that any descendant of King George II could be installed as such a member. In 1831, this statute was extended again to include all descendants of King George I.[4]
With the installation of Emperor Alexander I of Russia in 1813, supernumerary membership was extended to foreign monarchs, who are known as "Stranger Knights and Ladies of the Garter".[17] Each such installation originally required the enactment of a statute; however, a 1954 statute authorises the regular admission of Stranger Knights or Ladies without further special enactments.[17] In lesser orders of chivalry, such foreign members would be regarded as having received honorary knighthoods.
Traditionally, reigning European monarchs are admitted to the Order as Strangers. Constantine II, King of the Hellenes has not succeeded his father Paul of Greece as a member of the Order, neither during his short reign nor after being deposed. Similarly, Albert II, King of the Belgians and his son and successor Philippe are the only Belgian monarchs to date not to have been admitted to the Order.
For a time, both Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands and her successor, Queen Beatrix were concurrently members of the Order as Stranger Ladies of the Garter. Juan Carlos I of Spain and his successor Felipe VI of Spain are concurrently Stranger Knights of the Garter.
Akihito, Emperor of Japan is the only non-European monarch and likely the only non-Christian who is currently a member of the Order. He is the fourth (consecutive) Emperor of Japan to be a Stranger Knight.
The first non-Christian ruler to be admitted to the Order was Abdülmecid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, in 1856 as a Stranger Knight.
The first, and to date only, member of the Order from South America was Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, created a Stranger Knight in 1871. He was a member of the House of Braganza, the ruling house of Portugal and Brazil.
The first member of the Order admitted from Asia was Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, King of Persia, created a Stranger Knight in 1873. His immediate successor was also admitted to the Order in 1903, to be followed by the Meiji, Emperor of Japan in 1906.
The first, and to date only, member of the Order from Africa was Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, created a Stranger Knight in 1954.
The first knight from Australasia or Oceania was Richard Gardiner Casey, Baron Casey, an Australian politician, diplomat and the 16th Governor-General of Australia, created a Knight Companion in 1969. Subsequently, two more Australians, Sir Paul Hasluck and Sir Ninian Stephen, were appointed. Three New Zealanders have been appointed: Charles, Lord Elworthy, Sir Keith Holyoake, and Sir Edmund Hillary.
There have been no appointments from North America.
Degradation of members[edit]
Henry Pelham-Clinton KG, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme. Portrait by William Hoare in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
The Sovereign may "degrade" members who have committed very serious crimes, such as treason or fleeing the battlefield, or those who have taken up arms against the Sovereign.[citation needed]
From the late 15th century, there was a formal ceremony of degradation, in which Garter King of Arms, accompanied by the rest of the heralds, proceeded to St George's Chapel. While the Garter King of Arms read aloud the Instrument of Degradation, a herald climbed up a ladder and removed the former knight's banner, crest, helm, and sword, throwing them down into the quire. Then the rest of the heralds kicked them down the length of the chapel, out of the doors, and into the castle ditch. The last such formal degradation was that of James, Duke of Ormonde in 1716.[18]
During the First World War, two Royal Knights and six Stranger Knights, all monarchs or princes of enemy nations and including Wilhelm II, German Emperor and Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria were struck off the roll of the Order or had their appointments annulled in 1915.[17]
The banner of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy was also removed from the chapel after Italy entered World War II against the United Kingdom and her Allies.[19] The banner of Emperor Hirohito of Japan was removed from St. George's chapel when Japan entered World War II in 1941, but that banner and the Japanese monarch's knighthood were restored by Elizabeth II in 1971, when Hirohito made a state visit to the United Kingdom. The Emperor was particularly pleased by the restoration of his banner as a Knight of the Garter.[20]
Officers[edit]
Officers of the Order of the Garter (left to right): Secretary (barely visible), Black Rod, Garter Principal King of Arms, Register, Prelate, Chancellor.
The Order has six officers: the Prelate, the Chancellor, the Register, the Garter Principal King of Arms, the Usher, and the Secretary.[21] The offices of Prelate, Register, and Usher were created on the order's establishment; those of Garter Principal King of Arms and Chancellor, in the 15th century; and that of Secretary, in the 20th century.[22]
William of Edington, Bishop of Winchester, was the first Prelate of the Order, and that office has since been held by his successors at Winchester, traditionally a senior bishopric of the Church of England.[15]:105
The office of Chancellor is now held by one of the companions of the order. For most of its existence, the Bishop of Salisbury has held the office, although laymen held it from 1553 to 1671. In 1837, after boundary changes made Windsor Castle fall in the diocese of Oxford, the Chancellorship was transferred to the Bishop of Oxford. A century later, the Bishop of Salisbury challenged this transfer, on the grounds that the Chancellorship had been attached to his office regardless of the diocese in which the chapel of the order lay; and that, in any event, St George's Chapel, as a Royal Peculiar, was not under diocesan jurisdiction. The office of Chancellor was removed from the Bishop of Oxford (the outgoing bishop, Thomas Strong, had been outspoken in the abdication crisis of Edward VIII), and so it was withheld from his successor, Kenneth Kirk, and has since been held by one of the Knights Companion.[15]:109–112 Since 1937, the following members have held the post of Chancellor:[citation needed]
William, Duke of Portland (1937–1943)
Edward, Earl of Halifax (1943–1959)
Robert, Marquess of Salisbury (1960–1972)
Charles, Viscount Cobham (1972–1977)
John, Marquess of Abergavenny (1977–1994)
Peter, Lord Carrington (1994–2012)
James, Duke of Abercorn (since 2012)
The office of Register has been held by the Dean of Windsor since 1558.[15]:116 The Garter Principal King of Arms is ex officio the senior officer of the College of Arms (the heraldic authority of England), and is usually appointed from among the other officers of arms at the College.[15]:122 As the title suggests, Garter Principal King of Arms has specific duties as the Order's officer of arms, attending to the companions' crests and banners of arms, which are exhibited in the chapel. The Secretary, who acts as deputy to Garter in the ceremonial aspects of the Order, has since 1952 also been selected from the other officers of the College of Arms.[15]:143 The office of Usher is held by the Usher of the Black Rod, who is also the Serjeant-at-Arms of the United Kingdom House of Lords[15]:132 (although their functions are more often performed there by a deputy, the Yeoman Usher).[citation needed]
Military Knights of Windsor[edit]
Main article: Military Knights of Windsor
Military Knights of Windsor in the procession to the Garter Service
At the founding of the Order of the Garter, 26 "poor knights" were appointed and attached to the Order and its chapel. This number was not always maintained, and by the 17th century, there were only thirteen such knights. King Charles II increased the number to 18 (in large part because of funds allocated from Sir Francis Crane's will) after his coronation in 1660. After the knights objected to being termed "poor", King William IV redesignated them in the 19th century as the Military Knights of Windsor.[23]
The poor knights were impoverished military veterans, required to pray daily for the Knights Companion. In return, they received a salary and lodging in Windsor Castle. The knights are no longer necessarily poor, but are still military pensioners. They participate in the Order's processions, escorting the members, and in the chapel services. However, they are not considered members of the Order.[23]
The poor knights originally wore red mantles, each of which bore St George's Cross, but did not depict the Garter. Queen Elizabeth I replaced the mantles in the 16th and 17th centuries with blue and purple gowns, but the red mantles returned in the 17th century under King Charles I. When the knights were renamed, the mantles were abandoned. The military knights now wear the old military uniform of an "army officer on the unattached list": black trousers with red stripe, a red double-breasted swallow-tailed coat, gold epaulets and brushes, a cocked hat with a plume, and a sword on a white sash.[24]
Habit and insignia[edit]
Mantle and hat of the Order
Members[edit]
Order's ceremonial occasions[edit]
The garter of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
For the Order's ceremonial occasions, such as the annual Garter Day, the members wear elaborate vestments and accoutrements, which include:
The mantle is a vestment or robe worn by members since the 15th century. Once made of wool, by the 16th century it was made of velvet. The mantle was originally purple, but varied during the 17th and 18th centuries between celestial blue, pale blue, royal blue, dark blue, violet, and ultramarine. Mantles are now dark blue and lined with white taffeta. The mantles of the Sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and Royal Knights and Ladies end in trains. The heraldic shield of St. George's Cross encircled by the Garter is sewn onto the left shoulder of the mantle, but the Sovereign's mantle instead has the star of the Order. Attached to the mantle over the right shoulder are a dark red velvet hood and surcoat, which have lost all function over time and appear to the modern observer simply as a splash of colour.[24]
The hat is a Tudor bonnet of black velvet with a plume of white ostrich and black heron feathers.[24]
The insignia of a knight of the Order of the Garter
The collar is worn around the neck, over the mantle and is secured with white ribbons tied in bows on the shoulders. Like the mantle, it was introduced in the 15th and 16th centuries. Made of pure gold, it weighs 30 troy ounces (0.933 kg). The collar is composed of gold heraldic knots alternating with enamelled medallions, each showing a rose encircled by the Garter. During the reign of King Henry VII (1485-1509), commencing at the termination of the Wars of the Roses, each garter surrounded two roses — one red for the House of Lancaster and one white for the House of York — but he changed the design to encircle the Tudor rose[24] alone, a combination of both forms.[25] Today one of the most visible representations of the collar forms part of the monarch's heraldic achievement on the gates of Buckingham Palace.[26]
The Great George, which is worn suspended from the collar, is a colourfully enamelled (sometimes jewelled) three-dimensional figure of St. George the Martyr on horseback slaying a dragon.[24]
The Garter is worn on ceremonial occasions around the left calf[27] by knights and around the left arm by ladies, and is depicted on several insignia. The Garter is a buckled dark-blue (originally light-blue) velvet strap, and bears the motto in gold letters. The garters of Stranger Knights and Ladies were once set with several jewels.[24] Two styles have been used: one is a working garter where the end slips through the buckle and then is tucked in a specific way and the other style is a 'pre-made' one that has the buckled and tucked end pre-fashioned and is fastened with a clip attachment.
Up until the middle part of the 20th century, it was customary to wear Tudor style under-dress, consisting of white silk embroidered doublet, breeches, full hose, white doeskin pumps with satin bows and a sword belt with sword, under the robes. Nowadays, morning dress or a lounge suit is worn, except for coronations when Tudor under-dress is worn by the canopy-bearers.[28]
Other occasions[edit]
The Garter "Star" above, and "George" below
On other occasions when decorations are worn, the members wear simpler insignia:
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge wearing Garter Riband and Star
The collar is worn on designated collar days over military uniform or morning dress by members attending formal events. The collar is fastened to the shoulders with silk ribbons (or gold safety pins when worn with morning dress). Since the collar signifies the Order of the Garter, members can then wear the riband of any other order to which they belong.[24] The collar is only worn at specific occasions that warrant it.[citation needed]
The star, which is worn pinned to the left breast, was introduced in the 17th century by King Charles I and is a colourfully enamelled depiction of the heraldic shield of St. George's Cross, encircled by the Garter, which is itself encircled by an eight-point silver badge. Each point is depicted as a cluster of rays, with the four points of the cardinal directions longer than the intermediate ones. The stars of Stranger Knights and Ladies were once set with several jewels. Since the Order of the Garter is the senior order of the United Kingdom, a member will wear its star above the others (up to three) that he or she holds.[24] There are examples in the Royal Collection of the stars of foreign orders given George V surrounded with the Garter, e.g. the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle given to George V when Prince of Wales. https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/441498/order-of-the-black-eagle-prussia-george-vs-star-with-garter
The riband is a four-inch (10.16 cm)-wide sash worn over the left shoulder, or pinned beneath it, to the right hip, and was introduced in the 17th century by King Charles I. The riband's colour has varied over the years: it was originally light blue, but was a dark shade under the Hanoverian monarchs. In 1950, the colour was fixed as "kingfisher blue". A member will wear only one riband, even if he or she belongs to several orders.[24] The riband is not used when the collar is worn.[citation needed] The exact shade of the riband varies from monarch to monarch.
The badge is worn suspended from a small gold link from the riband at the right hip, and is sometimes known as "the Lesser George". Like the Great George, the badge shows St. George the Martyr on horseback slaying a dragon, but it is flatter and gold. In earlier times, the badge was worn from a ribbon tied around the neck.[24]
On the death of a member, the Lesser George and breast star are returned personally to the Sovereign by the former member's nearest male relative, and the other insignia to the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, save the riband, mantle and hat.[24]
Officers[edit]
For ceremonial occasions of the Order, the officers wear the following garments and accessories:
The mantles for the prelate and chancellor are dark blue like those of the members (as a member, the chancellor wears a member's mantle), but the mantles for the other officers are dark red. All mantles are embroidered with a heraldic shield of St George's Cross. For Garter ceremonies, Garter Principal King of Arms wears this red mantle rather than the tabard of the royal arms worn for other State ceremonial occasions.[24]
Officers wear badges of office suspended from a chain worn around the neck. The badge for the prelate shows the Lesser George encircled by the Garter, which is surmounted by a bishop's mitre. The badge for the chancellor is a rose encircled by the Garter. The badge for the register is two crossed quills over a book encircled by the Garter surmounted by a crown. The badge for Garter Principal King of Arms is the royal arms impaled with St George's Cross encircled by the Garter and surmounted by a crown. The badge for the usher is a knot (like those on the collars of the companions of the order) encircled by the Garter and surmounted by a crown. The badge for the secretary shows two crossed quills in front of a rose and encircled by the Garter surmounted by a crown.[24]
The chancellor carries a purse, which is embroidered with the royal arms impaled by the Cross of St. George. The purse contains the seal of the Order. Garter Principal King of Arms carries his baton of office. The usher carries their staff of office, the Black Rod.[24]
Chapel[edit]
Banners of the members of the order in St. George's Chapel
St George's Chapel in Windsor is the mother church of the Order of the Garter. Special service are held annually in June. The Order of the Garter once held services at the chapel, but they became rare in the 18th century.[citation needed] The annual Garter Services, discontinued in 1805, were revived by King George VI in 1948 and have become an annual event.[citation needed]
During their lifetime, all members of the Order of the Garter are entitled to display their heraldic crests and banners in St. George's Chapel. While the Garter stall plates (see below) stay in the chapel permanently, the crests and banners of deceased knights are, following presentation at the High Altar, removed from the chapel. Sometimes they are then given to institutions that were connected with the late knight, or kept privately depending on family wishes.[29] Originally after a knight's death, the crests became the property of Garter King of Arms, and these crests have been the subject of occasional exhibitions in the Earl Marshal's Court at the College of Arms.
Garter stall plates are small enamelled and engraved brass plates located in St George's Chapel as memorials to Knights of the Garter. They are inscribed with the knight's name, and generally with his titles, offices, and motto. In most cases his heraldic achievement is depicted.
Investiture and installation[edit]
Edward VII invests Haakon VII of Norway with the insignia of the Order of the Garter in the Throne Room of Windsor Castle, November 1906. Painting by Sydney Prior Hall.
Each June, on Garter Day, the members of the Order, wearing their habits and garter insignia, meet at Windsor Castle. When any new Knights of the Garter are due for installation, an investiture ceremony is held in the Throne Room of Windsor Castle on the morning of Garter Day.[30] This ceremony is attended by all Knights Companions of the order, wearing the ceremonial habits and garter insignia, and also by their wives. The wording of the oath sworn by the new knights at this ceremony and of the Admonitions addressed to them in turn by the prelate and chancellor of the order when the several items of insignia are placed upon them are extremely similar to the traditions of the past.[31][32]
At the investiture ceremony the Admonitions are read in turn by the prelate and chancellor of the order and several insignia are offered on a cushion to the Sovereign by Garter King of Arms, Black Rod, and the secretary of the order, in turn, so that the Sovereign may perform the ceremony of investiture.[citation needed] Two senior knights of the order assist the Sovereign in these ceremonies by placing the garter around the left leg of the new knight and by assisting the Sovereign in the fastening of the riband and Lesser George about the body of the new knight, and in the adjustment of the mantle and the collar.[33] After the investiture ceremony at Windsor is concluded, a state luncheon is held in the Banqueting Room. This is attended by the royal family, by all the Companions of the Order and their spouses, and by the Officers of the Order. After the banquet all the knights and ladies of the order, together with the prelate, chancellor and other officers of the order, in their mantles and ceremonial robes, led by the Military Knights of Windsor, move in procession, watched by a great crowd of spectators, through the castle, down the hill, which is lined with troops, to Saint George's Chapel for a worship service, before which the formal installation of the new knights takes place.[34]
While knights continued to be invested with their ensigns, the formal installation of knights at St. George's Chapel ceased in 1805. Installation, along with the annual Garter service, returned in 1948;[35] on the occasion on the order's 600th anniversary.[36]
Precedence and privileges[edit]
Members of the order may encircle their heraldic arms with the Garter.
Members are assigned positions in the order of precedence, coming before all others of knightly rank, and above baronets. The wives, sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Companion are also assigned precedence. Relatives of Ladies Companion are not, however, assigned any special positions. (Generally, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives.) The Chancellor is also assigned precedence, but except for the period between 1553 and 1671 when the office was held by a layman who was not necessarily a member of the Order, this precedence has been purely theoretical.[citation needed] As a member of the Order, the Chancellor has a higher precedence than that attached to the office, and when the office was filled by a diocesan bishop of the Church of England, the holder again had a higher precedence by virtue of that office than any that the chancellorship could bestow.[37]
Knights Companion prefix "Sir"[38] and Ladies Companion prefix "Lady" to their forenames.[39] Wives of Knights Companion may prefix "Lady" to their surnames, but no corresponding privilege exists for husbands of Ladies Companion.[40] Such forms are not used by royalty, peers, peeresses, or Anglican clergymen, who instead use only the post-nominal letters.[38]
Knights and Ladies Companion use the post-nominal letters "KG" and "LG" respectively.[16] When an individual is entitled to use multiple post-nominal letters, those of the Order of the Garter appear before all others, except "Bt" or "Bart" (Baronet), "VC" (Victoria Cross) and "GC" (George Cross).[41]
In their heraldic achievements, members of the Order of the Garter may encircle their escutcheon with the Garter.[42] Knights and Ladies Companion are also entitled to receive heraldic supporters, a privilege granted to few other private individuals. While some families claim supporters by ancient use, and others have been granted them as a special reward, only members of the Royal Family, peers, Knights and Ladies Companion of the Garter, Knights and Ladies of the Thistle, and Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the junior orders of chivalry are automatically entitled to them.[42]
Gallery[edit]
Garter Banner of the late Alexander Baring, 6th Baron Ashburton, now in Winchester Cathedral
Garter Banner of the late Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos, now at Hagley Hall
Garter Banner of the late Lord Wilson of Rievaulx, now at Jesus College Chapel, Oxford
Arms of Philip of Spain at his Investiture, encircled by the Garter (In 1554)
Garter stall plate of George, 5th Earl Cadogan
Arms of the late Margaret Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher
The arms of John, Duke of Marlborough, are encircled by both the Garter and the collar.
The arms of John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern, encircled by the Garter
Coat of Arms of Henry III of France as King of France and lifelong King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania with chain of Order of the Garter.
Armorial[edit]
[show]Coats of arms of current Knights and Ladies of the Garter
The Sovereign
Arms of the Queen

Royal Knights Companion and Ladies
Arms of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Arms of Charles, Prince of Wales Arms of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
Arms of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent Arms of Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester Arms of Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Arms of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex Arms of Anne, Princess Royal Arms of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
Extra Knights Companion and Ladies
Arms of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg[43] Arms of Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark[43] Arms of Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden[43]
Arms of Juan Carlos I, King of Spain[43] Arms of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands[43] Arms of Akihito, Emperor of Japan[43]
Arms of Harald V, King of Norway[43] Arms of Felipe VI , King of Spain[43]
Knights and Ladies Companion
Arms of Peter, Lord Carrington Arms of Edwin, Lord Bramall Arms of John, Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover
Arms of John, Lord Ashburton Arms of Sir Timothy Colman Arms of James, Duke of Abercorn
Arms of Peter, Lord Inge Arms of Sir Antony Acland Arms of Robin, Lord Butler of Brockwell
Arms of John, Lord Morris of Aberavon Arms of Sir John Major Arms of Richard, Lord Luce
Arms of Sir Thomas Dunne Arms of Nicholas, Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers Arms of Michael, Lord Boyce
Arms of Graham, Lord Stirrup Arms of Eliza, Lady Manningham-Buller Arms of Mervyn, Lord King of Lothbury
Arms of Charles, Lord Shuttleworth Arms of Sir David Brewer Vacant
Vacant Vacant Vacant
The Order
Arms of the Order Variant with the royal arms and St Edward's Crown
See also[edit]
England portal
List of current Knights and Ladies of the Garter
List of Knights and Ladies of the Garter
List of Ladies of the Garter
The Society of the Friends of St George's and Descendants of the Knights of the Garter
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "College of St George – Windsor Castle – The Order of the Garter". College of St George – Windsor Castle. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Prince William to join Britain's most exclusive club as Knight of the Garter". Daily Mail. UK. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1887). Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (A to Bo). 1 (1st ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 276.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chisholm 1911, pp. 851–867
Jump up ^ II 85 (Joanot Martorell - trad. R. La Fontaine, Tirant lo Blanc, New York, 1993, pp. 163-166.).
Jump up ^ Beltz 1841, pp. cxlix–cl.
Jump up ^ "On the Origin of the Order of the Garter; from the Supplement to Granger's Biographical History". The Annual Register. 17: 145. December 1774.
Jump up ^ Cotton Nero A.x 128v
Jump up ^ Friedman, Albert B.; Osberg, Richard H. (1997). "Gawain's Girdle as Traditional Symbol". The Journal of American Folklore. American Folklore Society. 90 (157): 301–315. doi:10.2307/539521. JSTOR 539521.
Jump up ^ Savage, Henry L. (1938). "Sir Gawain and the Order of the Garter". ELH. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 5 (2): 146–149. doi:10.2307/2871614. JSTOR 2871614.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Monarchy Today – Queen and Public – Honours – The Order of the Garter". The Royal Household. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Waddington, Raymond B. (1993). "Elizabeth I and the Order of the Garter". Sixteenth Century Journal. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 24 (1): 97–113. doi:10.2307/2541800. JSTOR 2541800.
Jump up ^ Gay, Oonagh (20 March 2006). "Honours Standard Note: SN/PC/2832" (PDF). United Kingdom Parliament. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 7 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "College of St George – Windsor Castle – Orders of Chivalry". College of St George – Windsor Castle. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Begent, P.J.; Chesshyre, H. (1999). The Most Noble Order of the Garter: 650 Years. London: Spink and Son. ISBN 1-902040-20-1.
^ Jump up to: a b "Select Committee on Public Administration Fifth Report". UK Parliament. 13 July 2004. Retrieved 8 November 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Royal Insight: June 2004: Focus: The Order of the Garter". The Royal Household. June 2004. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Peter J Begent, The Most Noble Order of the Garter, its History and Ceremonial
Jump up ^ David Kemp "The Pleasures and Treasures of Britain: A Discerning Traveller's Companion" p.141
Jump up ^ Kingston, Jeff. "The Tokyo envoys: Englishmen in Japan," The Japan Times (Tokyo); 13 March 2005 Archived 4 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Knight, Charles (1811). "9". Guide to Windsor.
Jump up ^ "The origin and history of the various heraldic offices". The College of Arms. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "College of St George – Windsor Castle – Military Knights". College of St George – Windsor Castle. Archived from the original on 10 May 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Cox, Noel (1999). "The ceremonial dress and accoutrements of the Most Noble Order of the Garter". Heraldry News, the Journal of Heraldry. Journal of Heraldry Australia Inc. (22): 6–12. Archived from the original on 20 April 2003.
Jump up ^ See for example the single roses on the collar of the effigy of Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke, KG (died 1502) in Callington Church, Cornwall (see image File:RobertWilloughbyCallington.jpg)
Jump up ^ See imageFile:Buckingham Palace - 02.jpg
Jump up ^ The Garter is worn over and above the left strap of the dress breeches of men but nowadays it is anachronistically worn over the trousers because the wearing of court dress for by most Garter Knights has fallen into disuse.
Jump up ^ Una Campbell (1989), Robes of the Realm: 300 Years of Ceremonial Dress. Michael O'Mara Books. p.21.
Jump up ^ Garter Banner List (online) Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 12 October 2015
Jump up ^ "The Order of the Garter". The Royal Household. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Encyclopaedia Heraldica Or Complete Dictionary of Heraldry, Volume 1, William Berry, Google eBook
Jump up ^ Research guides No.1: The Order of the Garter, "Oath"[permanent dead link], St. George's Chapel Archives and Chapter Library
Jump up ^ The British Herald, or Cabinet of armorial bearings of the nobility and gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Thomas Robson, Google eBook, 1830 p. 96.
Jump up ^ The Queen's Orders of Chivalry, Brigadier Sir Ivan De la Bere, Spring Books, London, 1964, p. 85.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Mosley, Charles (2005). "Precedence". Burke's Peerage and Gentry. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Knight". Forms of Address. Debretts. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ladies of the Garter and Ladies of the Thistle". Forms of Address. Debretts. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Dame". Forms of Address. Debretts. Archived from the original on 7 August 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Order of Wear". The UK Honours System. Cabinet Office. Archived from the original on 30 January 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Courtenay, Paul. "The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill". The Churchill Centre. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Stranger Knights and Ladies do not do not embellish the arms they use in their countries with British decorations.
References[edit]
Elias Ashmole: Institution, Laws and Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. 1672.
Beltz, George Frederick (1841). Memorials of the Order of the Garter. London: William Pickering. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
Begent, P.J. and Chesshyre, H. The Most Noble Order of the Garter: 650 Years. Spink and Son Ltd. 1999.
Brennan, I.G. "The Most Noble Order of the Garter." HeraldicSculptor.com. 2004.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Knighthood and Chivalry". Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 851–867.
De la Bere, Brigadier Sir Ivan, The Queen's Orders of Chivalry, Spring Books, London, 1964.
Velde, F.R. "Order of Precedence in England and Wales." 2003.
The Knights of the Garter, 1348–1939: With a Complete List of the Stall Plates in St. Georges Chapel. Historical monographs relating to St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle Volume 1. Edmund Fellowes (SPCK – 1939)
Further reading[edit]
Hope, W. H. St.John., et al., The Stall Plates of the Knights of the Order of the Garter 1348–1485. First published 1901, reprinted 2005.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of the Garter.
Order of the Garter – Official website of the British Monarchy
St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle: Order of the Garter
List of historic occupants of Garter stalls
List of the Knights of the Garter
BBC gallery: Order Of The Garter
[show]
v
t
e
Current members of the Order of the Garter
Ex officio
The Queen, Elizabeth II
Charles, Prince of Wales
Knights and Ladies
Companion
Peter, Lord Carrington
Edwin, Lord Bramall
John, Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover
John, Lord Ashburton
Timothy Colman
James Hamilton, Duke of Abercorn
Peter, Lord Inge
Antony Acland
Robin, Lord Butler of Brockwell
John, Lord Morris of Aberavon
John Major
Richard, Lord Luce
Thomas Dunne
Nick, Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers
Michael, Lord Boyce
Jock, Lord Stirrup
Eliza, Baroness Manningham-Buller
Mervyn, Lord King of Lothbury
Charles Kay-Shuttleworth, Lord Shuttleworth
David Brewer
4 vacancies
Royal Knights
and Ladies
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
Anne, Princess Royal
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Princess Alexandra
Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
Stranger Knights
and Ladies
Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Margrethe II of Denmark
Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
King Juan Carlos I of Spain
Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands
Emperor Akihito of Japan
Harald V of Norway
Felipe VI of Spain
Officers
Tim Dakin, Bishop of Winchester (Prelate)
James Hamilton, Duke of Abercorn (Chancellor)
David Conner, Dean of Windsor (Registrar)
Thomas Woodcock (Garter Principal King of Arms)
Patric Dickinson, Clarenceux King of Arms (Secretary)
Sarah Clarke (Black Rod)
[show]
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Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
Orders
Current
Garter
Thistle
Bath
Merit
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Dormant
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Burma
Other
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Hereditary peerage
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Baronet
Knight Bachelor
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Honours of other Commonwealth realms
Current
awards
Level 1
Victoria Cross (VC)
George Cross (GC)
Level 2A
Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
Conspicuous Gallantry Cross (CGC)
Royal Red Cross Class I (RRC)
Level 2B
George Medal (GM)
Queen's Police Medal, for Gallantry (QPM)
Queen's Fire Service Medal, for Gallantry (QFSM)
Level 3A
Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)
Military Cross (MC)
Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)
Air Force Cross (AFC)
Royal Red Cross Class II (ARRC)
Level 3B
Constabulary Medal (Ireland)
Sea Gallantry Medal (SGM)
Queen's Gallantry Medal (QGM)
Royal Victorian Medal (RVM)
British Empire Medal (BEM)
Queen's Police Medal, for Distinguished Service (QPM)
Queen's Fire Service Medal, for Distinguished Service (QFSM)
Queen's Ambulance Service Medal (QAM)
Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal (QVRM)
Polar Medal (PM)
Imperial Service Medal (ISM)
Overseas Territories Police Medal (CPM)
Merchant Navy Medal for Meritorious Service
Level 4
Mentioned in Despatches
Queen's Commendation for Bravery
Queen's Commendation for Bravery in the Air
Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service
Other
Badge of Honour
Obsolete
awards
Level 1
Indian Order of Merit (First Class) (IOM)
Albert Medal (1st class) (AM)
Edward Medal (1st class) (EM)
Empire Gallantry Medal (EGM)
Level 2A
Indian Order of Merit (Second Class) (IOM)
Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM)
Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM)
Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (Flying) (CGM)
Level 2B
Albert Medal (2nd class) (AM)
Edward Medal (2nd class) (EM)
Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery, Gold
Level 3A
Order of British India (First Class) (OBI)
Order of British India (Second Class) (OBI)
Indian Order of Merit (Third Class) (IOM)
Royal West African Frontier Force Distinguished Conduct Medal
King's African Rifles Distinguished Conduct Medal
Indian Distinguished Service Medal (IDSM)
Distinguished Service Medal (DSM)
Military Medal (MM)
Distinguished Flying Medal (DFM)
Air Force Medal (AFM)
Burma Gallantry Medal (BGM)
Level 3B
Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery (Silver)
Kaisar-i-Hind Medal (Gold, Silver, Bronze)
Indian Police Medal, for Gallantry
Ceylon Police Medal, for Gallantry
Sierra Leone Police Medal, for Gallantry
Sierra Leone Fire Brigades Medal, for Gallantry
Colonial Police Medal, for Gallantry (CPM)
Canada Medal (CM)
Queen's Medal for Chiefs
Indian Police Medal, for Meritorious Service
Ceylon Police Medal, for Merit
Sierra Leone Police Medal, for Meritorious Service
Sierra Leone Fire Brigades Medal, for Meritorious Service
Level 4
King's/Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct
King's/Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air
Royal
family
orders
King George IV
Victoria and Albert
King Edward VII
King George V
King George VI
Queen Elizabeth II
See also
British campaign medals
Revocations
[show]
v
t
e
Australian royal honours
(Order of wearing)
Orders
Order of the Garter
Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)
Lady Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (LG)
Order of the Thistle
Knight Companion of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (KT)
Lady Companion of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (LT)
Order of Merit
Member of the Order of Merit (OM)
Royal Victorian Order
Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)
Knight/Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO/DCVO)
Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO)
Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO)
Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)
Order of Saint John
Bailiff/Dame Grand Cross of the Venerable Order of Saint John
Knight/Dame of Justice of the Venerable Order of Saint John
Knight/Dame of Grace of the Venerable Order of Saint John
Chaplain/Commander of the Venerable Order of Saint John
Officer of the Venerable Order of Saint John
Member of the Venerable Order of Saint John
Serving Brother/Serving Sister of the Venerable Order of Saint John
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Meritorious
service
Royal Victorian Medal (RVM)
Commemorative
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 168089114
LCCN: n50003915
GND: 4199211-8
SELIBR: 280433
SUDOC: 02776415X
BNF: cb119736925 (data)
NLA: 54957411
BNE: XX5126617
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Garter&oldid=835278658"
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List of continents by population
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of all major continents' population.
Contents
[hide]
1 Regional and continental (sub)totals in 2016
2 Regional and continental (sub)totals from 1950 to 2016
2.1 Africa
2.2 Americas
2.2.1 North America
2.2.2 South America
2.3 Asia
2.4 Europe
2.5 Oceania
2.6 World
3 See also
4 Sources
Regional and continental (sub)totals in 2016[edit]
World population by continent, 2016
Asia (59.69%)
Africa (16.36%)
Europe (10.32%)
North America (7.79%)
South America (5.68%)
Australia (0.54%)
Antarctica (0.0001%)
Rank
Continent
Population
2016
±% p.a.
2010–2016
% of world pop.
— World 7,162,119,000 1.17% 100%
1 Asia 4,436,224,000 1.04% 59.69%
2 Africa 1,216,130,000 2.57% 16.36%
3 Europe 738,849,000 0.08% 9.94%
4 North America 579,024,000 0.96% 7.79%
5 South America 422,535,000 1.04% 5.68%
6 Oceania 39,901,000 1.54% 0.54%
7 Antarctica 1,106 0% <1%
Rank
Supercontinent
Population
2013
±% p.a.
2010–2013
% of world pop.
— World 7,162,119,000 1.17% 100%
1 Afro-Eurasia 6,151,810,000 1.21% 85.90%
2 Americas 972,005,000 1.03% 13.57%
Rank
Region
Population
2013
±% p.a.
2010–2013
— World 7,162,119,000 1.17%
1 Southern Asia 1,749,046,000 1.32%
2 Eastern Asia 1,620,807,000 0.57%
3 Southeastern Asia 618,793,000 1.20%
4 South America 406,740,000 1.06%
5 Eastern Africa 373,202,000 2.89%
6 Northern America 355,361,000 0.85%
7 Western Africa 331,255,000 2.78%
8 Eastern Europe 294,162,000 0.23%
9 Western Asia 245,707,000 1.98%
10 Northern Africa 210,002,000 1.70%
11 Western Europe 192,060,000 0.25%
12 Central America 167,387,000 1.40%
13 Southern Europe 155,827,000 0.24%
14 Middle Africa 135,750,000 2.79%
15 Northern Europe 100,404,000 0.54%
16 Central Asia 64,370,000 1.43%
17 Southern Africa 60,425,000 0.91%
18 Caribbean 42,517,000 0.71%
19 Oceania 38,304,000 1.47%
Regional and continental (sub)totals from 1950 to 2016[edit]
See also: United Nations geoscheme
Africa[edit]
Eastern Africa
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
66,923,000 —
1960
84,305,000 +2.34%
1970
110,428,000 +2.74%
1980
147,512,000 +2.94%
1990
198,232,000 +3.00%
2000
259,373,000 +2.72%
2010
342,743,000 +2.83%
2016
410,637,987 +3.06%
Middle Africa
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
26,401,000 —
1960
32,216,000 +2.01%
1970
40,846,000 +2.40%
1980
53,135,000 +2.67%
1990
70,886,000 +2.92%
2000
96,113,000 +3.09%
2010
130,598,000 +3.11%
2016
158,562,976 +3.29%
Northern Africa
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
49,222,000 —
1960
63,697,000 +2.61%
1970
82,883,000 +2.67%
1980
106,908,000 +2.58%
1990
140,117,000 +2.74%
2000
171,891,000 +2.06%
2010
203,717,000 +1.71%
2016
229,385,603 +2.00%
Southern Africa
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
15,588,000 —
1960
19,724,000 +2.38%
1970
25,454,000 +2.58%
1980
32,997,000 +2.63%
1990
42,049,000 +2.45%
2000
51,451,000 +2.04%
2010
59,067,000 +1.39%
2016
64,292,365 +1.42%
Western Africa
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
70,769,000 —
1960
84,946,000 +1.84%
1970
106,015,000 +2.24%
1980
137,414,000 +2.63%
1990
180,331,000 +2.76%
2000
235,235,000 +2.69%
2010
307,982,000 +2.73%
2016
362,201,579 +2.74%
Total Africa
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
228,902,000 —
1960
284,887,000 +2.21%
1970
365,626,000 +2.53%
1980
477,965,000 +2.72%
1990
631,614,000 +2.83%
2000
814,063,000 +2.57%
2010
1,044,107,000 +2.52%
2016
1,225,080,510 +2.70%
Americas[edit]
Total Americas
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
340,459,000 —
1960
425,357,000 +2.25%
1970
519,522,000 +2.02%
1980
619,252,000 +1.77%
1990
727,522,000 +1.62%
2000
840,614,000 +1.46%
2010
943,952,000 +1.17%
2016
997,642,449 +0.93%
North America[edit]
Caribbean
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
17,076,000 —
1960
20,724,000 +1.96%
1970
25,306,000 +2.02%
1980
29,748,000 +1.63%
1990
34,198,000 +1.40%
2000
38,314,000 +1.14%
2010
41,621,000 +0.83%
2016
43,601,839 +0.78%
Central America
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
38,029,000 —
1960
51,400,000 +3.06%
1970
69,702,000 +3.09%
1980
92,425,000 +2.86%
1990
114,823,000 +2.19%
2000
138,780,000 +1.91%
2010
161,117,000 +1.50%
2016
174,988,756 +1.39%
Northern America
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
171,615,000 —
1960
204,167,000 +1.75%
1970
231,029,000 +1.24%
1980
254,217,000 +0.96%
1990
280,633,000 +0.99%
2000
313,724,000 +1.12%
2010
344,129,000 +0.93%
2016
358,593,810 +0.69%
Total North America
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
226,719,000 —
1960
276,291,000 +2.00%
1970
326,036,000 +1.67%
1980
376,390,000 +1.45%
1990
429,653,000 +1.33%
2000
490,818,000 +1.34%
2010
546,867,000 +1.09%
2016
577,184,405 +0.90%
South America[edit]
Total South America
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
113,739,000 —
1960
149,066,000 +2.74%
1970
193,486,000 +2.64%
1980
242,862,000 +2.30%
1990
297,869,000 +2.06%
2000
349,796,000 +1.62%
2010
397,085,000 +1.28%
2016
420,458,044 +0.96%
Asia[edit]
Central Asia
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
18,131,000 —
1960
24,616,000 +3.10%
1970
33,156,000 +3.02%
1980
41,277,000 +2.21%
1990
50,405,000 +2.02%
2000
55,117,000 +0.90%
2010
62,139,000 +1.21%
2016
69,787,760 +1.95%
Eastern Asia
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
666,586,000 —
1960
788,145,000 +1.69%
1970
978,113,000 +2.18%
1980
1,173,372,000 +1.84%
1990
1,368,592,000 +1.55%
2000
1,496,284,000 +0.90%
2010
1,575,320,000 +0.52%
2016
1,641,908,531 +0.69%
Southeastern Asia
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
164,900,000 —
1960
213,838,000 +2.63%
1970
281,521,000 +2.79%
1980
358,106,000 +2.44%
1990
445,665,000 +2.21%
2000
526,179,000 +1.67%
2010
596,708,000 +1.27%
2016
641,775,797 +1.22%
Southern Asia
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
493,443,000 —
1960
593,943,000 +1.87%
1970
741,603,000 +2.25%
1980
939,043,000 +2.39%
1990
1,189,261,000 +2.39%
2000
1,451,933,000 +2.02%
2010
1,702,991,000 +1.61%
2016
1,846,266,634 +1.36%
Western Asia
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
50,957,000 —
1960
66,156,000 +2.64%
1970
86,037,000 +2.66%
1980
113,786,000 +2.83%
1990
148,552,000 +2.70%
2000
184,957,000 +2.22%
2010
232,703,000 +2.32%
2016
262,938,009 +2.06%
Total Asia
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
1,394,018,000 —
1960
1,686,698,000 +1.92%
1970
2,120,430,000 +2.31%
1980
2,625,584,000 +2.16%
1990
3,202,475,000 +2.01%
2000
3,714,470,000 +1.49%
2010
4,169,860,000 +1.16%
2016
4,462,676,731 +1.14%
Europe[edit]
Eastern Europe
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
220,171,000 —
1960
253,630,000 +1.42%
1970
276,396,000 +0.86%
1980
295,042,000 +0.65%
1990
310,027,000 +0.50%
2000
303,789,000 −0.20%
2010
294,591,000 −0.31%
2016
292,885,221 −0.10%
Northern Europe
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
78,030,000 —
1960
81,790,000 +0.47%
1970
87,305,000 +0.65%
1980
89,833,000 +0.29%
1990
92,040,000 +0.24%
2000
94,397,000 +0.25%
2010
99,682,000 +0.55%
2016
103,642,971 +0.65%
Southern Europe
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
108,633,000 —
1960
117,879,000 +0.82%
1970
127,617,000 +0.80%
1980
138,495,000 +0.82%
1990
143,404,000 +0.35%
2000
145,058,000 +0.11%
2010
153,360,000 +0.56%
2016
152,172,107 −0.13%
Western Europe
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
142,256,000 —
1960
152,320,000 +0.69%
1970
165,903,000 +0.86%
1980
170,489,000 +0.27%
1990
175,615,000 +0.30%
2000
183,163,000 +0.42%
2010
187,762,000 +0.25%
2016
192,746,859 +0.44%
Total Europe
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
549,089,000 —
1960
605,619,000 +0.98%
1970
657,221,000 +0.82%
1980
693,859,000 +0.54%
1990
721,086,000 +0.39%
2000
726,407,000 +0.07%
2010
735,395,000 +0.12%
2016
741,447,158 +0.14%
Oceania[edit]
Total Oceania
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
12,682,000 —
1960
15,784,000 +2.21%
1970
19,688,000 +2.23%
1980
22,972,000 +1.55%
1990
26,971,000 +1.62%
2000
31,068,000 +1.42%
2010
36,411,000 +1.60%
2016
39,901,000 +1.54%
World[edit]
Total World
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1950
2,525,149,000 —
1960
3,018,344,000 +1.80%
1970
3,682,488,000 +2.01%
1980
4,439,632,000 +1.89%
1990
5,309,668,000 +1.81%
2000
6,126,622,000 +1.44%
2010
6,929,725,000 +1.24%
2016
7,466,964,280 +1.25%
See also[edit]
Geography portal
Human geography
List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries and dependencies by population
List of countries by past and future population
List of countries by population in 1900
List of countries by population in 1907
List of countries by population in 2005
List of countries by population in 2010
List of population concern organizations
List of religious populations
List of sovereign states
World population
Sources[edit]
All figures come from the [United Nations]' World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision
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