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List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
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This article details the list of men's singles Grand Slam tournaments tennis champions. Some major changes have taken place in history and have affected the number of titles that have been won by various players. These have included the opening of the French national championships to international players in 1925, the elimination of the challenge round in 1922, and the admission of professional players in 1968 (the start of the 'Open' era).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Note: All of these tournaments have been listed since they began, rather than when they officially became majors. The Australian and US tournaments have only been officially regarded as majors by the ILTF (now the ITF) since 1924 (though many regarded the US Championships as a major before then). The French Championships have only been a major since 1925 (when it became open to all amateurs internationally). Before 1924 (since 1912/1913 to 1923) there were 3 official majors: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (played on clay) and the World Covered Court Championships (played on an indoor wood surface).
Roger Federer has won 20 Major singles titles, 8 of them at Wimbledon - the most by any man in history.
Rod Laver is the only man in history to win all four Majors in the same calendar year "The Grand Slam" twice (1962 and 1969)
Don Budge is the only male player in tennis history to have won six consecutive Grand Slam singles titles, from Wimbledon 1937 to U.S. Championships 1938.
Rafael Nadal has won 16 Major titles, including 10 French Open titles at Roland Garros, making him the only male player with ten titles at one particular Grand Slam event.
Pete Sampras won 14 Major titles, 7 of them at Wimbledon. 14 Major titles was the world record at the time of his retirement in 2002.
Bill Tilden won 10 Major titles in the 1920s, becoming the first male player to achieve this feat.
Ken Rosewall holds a record 15 Pro Slam titles, and a record 23 overall Major titles, counting both Amateur and Pro circuits.
Roy Emerson was the first male player in history to win each Major title twice, and the only player to have won a career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles.
Novak Djokovic is the first player to hold all four major titles on three different surfaces simultaneously. He is tied with Roy Emerson for 12 major titles and he shares the all-time record of 6 Australian titles.
Andre Agassi was the first male player to complete the Career Grand Slam on three different surfaces, and the first male player in history to win the Career Golden Slam (winning the four Grand Slams and the Olympic Gold Medal in singles).
Contents
[hide]
1 Champions by year
2 Statistics
2.1 Grand Slam singles titles by decade
2.1.1 1920s
2.1.2 1930s
2.1.3 1940s
2.1.4 1950s
2.1.5 1960s
2.1.6 1970s
2.1.7 1980s
2.1.8 1990s
2.1.9 2000s
2.1.10 2010s
2.2 Most Grand Slam singles titles (5 or more)
2.3 Most singles titles by Grand Slam tournament
2.4 Grand Slam singles titles by country (open era)
2.5 Most consecutive years with at least one Grand Slam title
2.6 Achieved a Career Grand Slam
2.7 Completed the Grand Slam
2.8 Winners of three Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
2.9 Winners of two Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
2.10 Winners of three or more consecutive Grand Slam singles titles
2.11 Winners of five or more singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
2.12 Winners of four or more consecutive singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
2.13 Winning a Grand Slam singles tournament without losing a set
2.13.1 Chronological timeline (by player)
2.13.2 Occurrences by Grand Slam tournament
3 See also
4 Notes
Champions by year
Year
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1877 started in 1905 started in 1891 GBR: Spencer Gore started in 1881
1878 tournament not created tournament not created Frank Hadow tournament not created
1879 tournament not created tournament not created John Hartley (1/2) tournament not created
1880 tournament not created tournament not created John Hartley (2/2) tournament not created
1881 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (1/7) USA: Richard Sears (1/7)
1882 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (2/7) Richard Sears (2/7)
1883 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (3/7) Richard Sears (3/7)
1884 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (4/7) Richard Sears (4/7)
1885 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (5/7) Richard Sears (5/7)
1886 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (6/7) Richard Sears (6/7)
1887 tournament not created tournament not created Herbert Lawford Richard Sears (7/7)
1888 tournament not created tournament not created Ernest Renshaw Henry Slocum (1/2)
1889 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (7/7) Henry Slocum (2/2)
1890 tournament not created tournament not created Willoughby Hamilton Oliver Campbell (1/3)
1891 tournament not created Briggs, H.H. Briggs * Wilfred Baddeley (1/3) Oliver Campbell (2/3)
1892 tournament not created FRA: Schopfer, JeanJean Schopfer * Wilfred Baddeley (2/3) Oliver Campbell (3/3)
1893 tournament not created Riboulet, LaurentLaurent Riboulet * Joshua Pim (1/2) Robert Wrenn (1/4)
1894 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Joshua Pim (2/2) Robert Wrenn (2/4)
1895 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Wilfred Baddeley (3/3) Fred Hovey
1896 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Harold Mahony Robert Wrenn (3/4)
1897 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (1/4) Robert Wrenn (4/4)
1898 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (2/4) Malcolm Whitman (1/3)
1899 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (3/4) Malcolm Whitman (2/3)
1900 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (4/4) Malcolm Whitman (3/3)
1901 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Arthur Gore (1/3) William Larned (1/7)
1902 tournament not created Vacherot, MichelMichel Vacherot * Laurence Doherty (1/6) William Larned (2/7)
1903 tournament not created Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Laurence Doherty (2/6) Laurence Doherty (3/6)
1904 tournament not created Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Laurence Doherty (4/6) Holcombe Ward
1905 AUS: Rodney Heath (1/2) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Laurence Doherty (5/6) Beals Wright
1906 NZL: Anthony Wilding (1/6) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Laurence Doherty (6/6) William Clothier
1907 Horace Rice Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Norman Brookes (1/3) William Larned (3/7)
1908 Fred Alexander Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Arthur Gore (2/3) William Larned (4/7)
1909 Anthony Wilding (2/6) Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Arthur Gore (3/3) William Larned (5/7)
1910 Rodney Heath (2/2) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Anthony Wilding (3/6) William Larned (6/7)
1911 Norman Brookes (2/3) Gobert, AndréAndré Gobert * Anthony Wilding (4/6) William Larned (7/7)
1912 James Cecil Parke Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Anthony Wilding (5/6) Maurice McLoughlin (1/2)
1913 Ernie Parker Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Anthony Wilding (6/6) Maurice McLoughlin (2/2)
1914 Arthur O'Hara Wood Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Norman Brookes (3/3) Richard Williams (1/2)
1915 Francis Lowe no competition no competition William Johnston (1/3)
1916 no competition no competition no competition Richard Williams (2/2)
1917 no competition no competition no competition Robert Lindley Murray (1/2)
1918 no competition no competition no competition Robert Lindley Murray (2/2)
1919 Algernon Kingscote † no competition Gerald Patterson (1/3) William Johnston (2/3)
1920 Pat O'Hara Wood (1/2) Gobert, AndréAndré Gobert * Bill Tilden (1/10) Bill Tilden (2/10)
1921 Rhys Gemmell Samazeuilh, JeanJean Samazeuilh * Bill Tilden (3/10) Bill Tilden (4/10)
1922 James Anderson (1/3) Cochet, HenriHenri Cochet * Gerald Patterson (2/3) Bill Tilden (5/10)
1923 Pat O'Hara Wood (2/2) †† Blanchy, FrançoisFrançois Blanchy * William Johnston (3/3) Bill Tilden (6/10)
1924 James Anderson (2/3) Borotra, JeanJean Borotra * Jean Borotra (1/4) Bill Tilden (7/10)
1925 James Anderson (3/3) René Lacoste (1/7) ** René Lacoste (2/7) Bill Tilden (8/10)
1926 John Hawkes Henri Cochet (1/7) Jean Borotra (2/4) René Lacoste (3/7)
1927 Gerald Patterson (3/3)††† René Lacoste (4/7) Henri Cochet (2/7) René Lacoste (5/7)
1928 Jean Borotra (3/4) Henri Cochet (3/7) René Lacoste (6/7) Henri Cochet (4/7)
1929 John Gregory René Lacoste (7/7) Henri Cochet (5/7) Bill Tilden (9/10)
1930 Edgar Moon Henri Cochet (6/7) Bill Tilden (10/10) John Doeg
1931 Jack Crawford (1/6) Jean Borotra (4/4) Sidney Wood Ellsworth Vines (1/3)
1932 Jack Crawford (2/6) Henri Cochet (7/7) Ellsworth Vines (2/3) Ellsworth Vines (3/3)
1933 Jack Crawford (3/6) Jack Crawford (4/6) Jack Crawford (5/6) Fred Perry (1/8)
1934 Fred Perry (2/8) GER: Gottfried von Cramm (1/2) Fred Perry (3/8) Fred Perry (4/8)
1935 Jack Crawford (6/6) Fred Perry (5/8) Fred Perry (6/8) Wilmer Allison
1936 Adrian Quist (1/3) GER: Gottfried von Cramm (2/2) Fred Perry (7/8) Fred Perry (8/8)
1937 Vivian McGrath Henner Henkel Don Budge (1/6) Don Budge (2/6)
1938 Don Budge (3/6) Don Budge (4/6) Don Budge (5/6) Don Budge (6/6)
1939 John Bromwich (1/2) Don McNeill (1/2) Bobby Riggs (1/3) Bobby Riggs (2/3)
1940 Adrian Quist (2/3) no competition no competition Don McNeill (2/2)
1941 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Bobby Riggs (3/3)
1942 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Ted Schroeder (1/2)
1943 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Joseph Hunt
1944 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Frank Parker (1/4)
1945 no competition Yvon Petra—unrecognized winner *** no competition Frank Parker (2/4)
1946 John Bromwich (2/2) Marcel Bernard Yvon Petra Jack Kramer (1/3)
1947 Dinny Pails HUN: József Asbóth Jack Kramer (2/3) Jack Kramer (3/3)
1948 Adrian Quist (3/3) Frank Parker (3/4) Bob Falkenburg Pancho Gonzales (1/2)
1949 Frank Sedgman (1/5) Frank Parker (4/4) Ted Schroeder (2/2) Pancho Gonzales (2/2)
1950 Frank Sedgman (2/5) Budge Patty (1/2) Budge Patty (2/2) Arthur Larsen
1951 Richard Savitt (1/2) EGY: Jaroslav Drobný (1/3) Richard Savitt (2/2) Frank Sedgman (3/5)
1952 Ken McGregor Jaroslav Drobný (2/3) Frank Sedgman (4/5) Frank Sedgman (5/5)
1953 Ken Rosewall (1/8) Ken Rosewall (2/8) Vic Seixas (1/2) Tony Trabert (1/5)
1954 Mervyn Rose (1/2) Tony Trabert (2/5) EGY: Jaroslav Drobný (3/3) Vic Seixas (2/2)
1955 Ken Rosewall (3/8) Tony Trabert (3/5) Tony Trabert (4/5) Tony Trabert (5/5)
1956 Lew Hoad (1/4) Lew Hoad (2/4) Lew Hoad (3/4) Ken Rosewall (4/8)
1957 Ashley Cooper (1/4) SWE: Sven Davidson Lew Hoad (4/4) Malcolm Anderson
1958 Ashley Cooper (2/4) Mervyn Rose (2/2) Ashley Cooper (3/4) Ashley Cooper (4/4)
1959 Alex Olmedo (1/2) ITA: Nicola Pietrangeli (1/2) Alex Olmedo (2/2) Neale Fraser (1/3)
1960 Rod Laver (1/11) Nicola Pietrangeli (2/2) Neale Fraser (2/3) Neale Fraser (3/3)
1961 Roy Emerson (1/12) ESP: Manuel Santana (1/4) Rod Laver (2/11) Roy Emerson (2/12)
1962 Rod Laver (3/11) Rod Laver (4/11) Rod Laver (5/11) Rod Laver (6/11)
1963 Roy Emerson (3/12) Roy Emerson (4/12) Chuck McKinley MEX: Rafael Osuna
1964 Roy Emerson (5/12) Manuel Santana (2/4) Roy Emerson (6/12) Roy Emerson (7/12)
1965 Roy Emerson (8/12) Fred Stolle (1/2) Roy Emerson (9/12) Manuel Santana (3/4)
1966 Roy Emerson (10/12) Tony Roche Manuel Santana (4/4) Fred Stolle (2/2)
1967 Roy Emerson (11/12) Roy Emerson (12/12) John Newcombe (1/7) John Newcombe (2/7)
1968 William Bowrey Amateur era tennis ends Open era tennis begins Ken Rosewall (5/8) Rod Laver (7/11) Arthur Ashe (1/3)
1969 Rod Laver (8/11) Rod Laver (9/11) Rod Laver (10/11) Rod Laver (11/11)
1970 Arthur Ashe (2/3) TCH: Jan Kodeš (1/3) John Newcombe (3/7) Ken Rosewall (6/8)
1971 Ken Rosewall (7/8) Jan Kodeš (2/3) John Newcombe (4/7) Stan Smith (1/2)
1972 Ken Rosewall (8/8) Andrés Gimeno Stan Smith (2/2) ROU: Ilie Năstase (1/2)
1973 John Newcombe (5/7) Ilie Năstase (2/2) Jan Kodeš (3/3) John Newcombe (6/7)
1974 Jimmy Connors (1/8) Björn Borg (1/11) Jimmy Connors (2/8) Jimmy Connors (3/8)
1975 John Newcombe (7/7) Björn Borg (2/11) Arthur Ashe (3/3) Manuel Orantes
1976 Mark Edmondson Adriano Panatta Björn Borg (3/11) Jimmy Connors (4/8)
1977 Roscoe Tanner (Jan) ARG: Guillermo Vilas (1/4) Björn Borg (4/11) Guillermo Vilas (2/4)
Vitas Gerulaitis (Dec)
1978 Guillermo Vilas (3/4) †††† Björn Borg (5/11) Björn Borg (6/11) Jimmy Connors (5/8)
1979 Guillermo Vilas (4/4) †††† Björn Borg (7/11) Björn Borg (8/11) John McEnroe (1/7)
1980 Brian Teacher †††† Björn Borg (9/11) Björn Borg (10/11) John McEnroe (2/7)
1981 RSA: Johan Kriek (1/2) †††† Björn Borg (11/11) John McEnroe (3/7) John McEnroe (4/7)
1982 Johan Kriek (2/2) †††† Mats Wilander (1/7) Jimmy Connors (6/8) Jimmy Connors (7/8)
1983 Mats Wilander (2/7)†††† Yannick Noah John McEnroe (5/7) Jimmy Connors (8/8)
1984 Mats Wilander (3/7) †††† Ivan Lendl (1/8) John McEnroe (6/7) John McEnroe (7/7)
1985 Stefan Edberg (1/6) †††† Mats Wilander (4/7) FRG: Boris Becker (1/6) Ivan Lendl (2/8)
1986 no competition Ivan Lendl (3/8) Boris Becker (2/6) Ivan Lendl (4/8)
1987 Stefan Edberg (2/6) Ivan Lendl (5/8) Pat Cash Ivan Lendl (6/8)
1988 Mats Wilander (5/7) Mats Wilander (6/7) Stefan Edberg (3/6) Mats Wilander (7/7)
1989 Ivan Lendl (7/8) Michael Chang Boris Becker (3/6) Boris Becker (4/6)
1990 Ivan Lendl (8/8) ECU: Andrés Gómez Stefan Edberg (4/6) Pete Sampras (1/14)
1991 GER: Boris Becker (5/6) Jim Courier (1/4) Michael Stich Stefan Edberg (5/6)
1992 Jim Courier (2/4) Jim Courier (3/4) Andre Agassi (1/8) Stefan Edberg (6/6)
1993 Jim Courier (4/4) Sergi Bruguera (1/2) Pete Sampras (2/14) Pete Sampras (3/14)
1994 Pete Sampras (4/14) Sergi Bruguera (2/2) Pete Sampras (5/14) Andre Agassi (2/8)
1995 Andre Agassi (3/8) AUT: Thomas Muster Pete Sampras (6/14) Pete Sampras (7/14)
1996 Boris Becker (6/6) RUS: Yevgeny Kafelnikov (1/2) NED: Richard Krajicek Pete Sampras (8/14)
1997 Pete Sampras (9/14) BRA: Gustavo Kuerten (1/3) Pete Sampras (10/14) Patrick Rafter (1/2)
1998 CZE: Petr Korda Carlos Moyá Pete Sampras (11/14) Patrick Rafter (2/2)
1999 Yevgeny Kafelnikov (2/2) Andre Agassi (4/8) Pete Sampras (12/14) Andre Agassi (5/8)
2000 Andre Agassi (6/8) Gustavo Kuerten (2/3) Pete Sampras (13/14) Marat Safin (1/2)
2001 Andre Agassi (7/8) Gustavo Kuerten (3/3) CRO: Goran Ivanišević Lleyton Hewitt (1/2)
2002 Thomas Johansson Albert Costa Lleyton Hewitt (2/2) Pete Sampras (14/14)
2003 Andre Agassi (8/8) Juan Carlos Ferrero SUI: Roger Federer (1/20) Andy Roddick
2004 Roger Federer (2/20) Gastón Gaudio Roger Federer (3/20) Roger Federer (4/20)
2005 Marat Safin (2/2) Rafael Nadal (1/16) Roger Federer (5/20) Roger Federer (6/20)
2006 Roger Federer (7/20) Rafael Nadal (2/16) Roger Federer (8/20) Roger Federer (9/20)
2007 Roger Federer (10/20) Rafael Nadal (3/16) Roger Federer (11/20) Roger Federer (12/20)
2008 SRB: Novak Djokovic (1/12) Rafael Nadal (4/16) Rafael Nadal (5/16) Roger Federer (13/20)
2009 Rafael Nadal (6/16) Roger Federer (14/20) Roger Federer (15/20) Juan Martín del Potro
2010 Roger Federer (16/20) Rafael Nadal (7/16) Rafael Nadal (8/16) Rafael Nadal (9/16)
2011 Novak Djokovic (2/12) Rafael Nadal (10/16) Novak Djokovic (3/12) Novak Djokovic (4/12)
2012 Novak Djokovic (5/12) Rafael Nadal (11/16) Roger Federer (17/20) Andy Murray (1/3)
2013 Novak Djokovic (6/12) Rafael Nadal (12/16) Andy Murray (2/3) Rafael Nadal (13/16)
2014 Stan Wawrinka (1/3) Rafael Nadal (14/16) Novak Djokovic (7/12) Marin Čilić
2015 Novak Djokovic (8/12) Stan Wawrinka (2/3) Novak Djokovic (9/12) Novak Djokovic (10/12)
2016 Novak Djokovic (11/12) Novak Djokovic (12/12) Andy Murray (3/3) Stan Wawrinka (3/3)
2017 Roger Federer (18/20) Rafael Nadal (15/16) Roger Federer (19/20) Rafael Nadal (16/16)
2018 Roger Federer (20/20)
Legend
Player won all 4 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Player won 3 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Player won 2 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Italics – open only to specific club members of the host country
* authorities differ on whether these events should count toward grand slam totals
** The French Championships opened itself to international competitors and renamed as Championnats Internationaux de France (de tennis).
*** French Championships held between 1941 and 1945 are not recognized by the tournament organizer. See Tournoi de France
† Held in January 1920, before the 1920 Australasian Championships
†† Held in August 1923, after Wimbledon and before the US National Championships
††† Renamed from Australasian Championships to Australian Championships
†††† Australian Open held in December of the year it is listed under, after the US Open
Statistics
Grand Slam singles titles by decade
1920s
9
Tilden
7
Lacoste
5
Cochet
3
Anderson, Borotra
2
Patterson, Wood
1
Gemmel, Gregory, Hawkes, Johnston
1930s
8
Perry
6
Budge, Crawford
3
Vines
2
Cochet, von Cramm, Riggs
1
Allison, Borotra, Bromwich, Doeg, Henkel, McGrath, McNeill, Moon, Quist, Tilden, Wood
1940s
4
Parker
3
Kramer
2
Gonzales, Quist, Schroeder
1
Asboth, Bernard, Bromwich, Falkenburg, Hunt, McNeill, Pails, Petra, Riggs, Sedgman
1950s
5
Trabert
4
Cooper, Hoad, Rosewall, Sedgman
3
Drobny
2
Olmedo, Patty, Rose, Savitt, Seixas
1
Anderson, Davidson, Fraser, Larsen, McGregor, Pietrangeli
1960s
12
Emerson
11
Laver
4
Santana
2
Fraser, Newcombe, Stolle
1
Ashe, Bowrey, McKinley, Osuna, Pietrangeli, Roche, Rosewall
1970s
8
Borg
5
Newcombe, Connors
4
Vilas
3
Rosewall, Kodes
2
Smith, Năstase, Ashe
1
Edmondson, Gerulaitis, Gimeno, McEnroe, Orantes, Panatta, Tanner
1980s
7
Lendl, Wilander
6
McEnroe
4
Becker
3
Borg, Connors, Edberg
2
Kriek
1
Cash, Chang, Noah, Teacher
1990s
12
Sampras
5
Agassi
4
Courier
3
Edberg
2
Becker, Bruguera, Kafelnikov, Rafter
1
Gómez, Korda, Krajicek, Kuerten, Lendl, Moyá, Muster, Stich
2000s
15
Federer
6
Nadal
3
Agassi
2
Hewitt, Kuerten, Safin, Sampras
1
Costa, Djokovic, Ferrero, Gaudio, Ivanišević, Johansson, del Potro, Roddick
2010s
11
Djokovic
10
Nadal
5
Federer
3
Murray, Wawrinka
1
Čilić
Most Grand Slam singles titles (5 or more)
All time
Rank
Player
Total
Winning Span
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1 Roger Federer 20 16 6 1 8 5
2 Rafael Nadal 16 13 1 10 2 3
3 Pete Sampras 14 13 2 0 7 5
4 Roy Emerson 12 7 6 2 2 2
Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 1 3 2
6 Rod Laver 11 10 3 2 4 2
Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0
8 Bill Tilden 10 11 0 0 3 7
9 Fred Perry 8 4 1 1 3 3
Ken Rosewall 8 20 4 2 0 2
Jimmy Connors 8 10 1 0 2 5
Ivan Lendl 8 7 2 3 0 3
Andre Agassi 8 12 4 1 1 2
14 Richard Sears 7 7 0 0 0 7
William Renshaw 7 9 0 0 7 0
William Larned 7 11 0 0 0 7
René Lacoste 7 5 0 3 2 2
Henri Cochet 7 7 0 4 2 1
John Newcombe 7 9 2 0 3 2
John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 3 4
Mats Wilander 7 7 3 3 0 1
22 Laurence Doherty 6 5 0 0 5 1
Tony Wilding 6 8 2 0 4 0
Jack Crawford 6 5 4 1 1 0
Don Budge 6 2 1 1 2 2
Stefan Edberg 6 8 2 0 2 2
Boris Becker 6 12 2 0 3 1
28 Frank Sedgman 5 4 2 0 1 2
Tony Trabert 5 3 0 2 1 2
Open Era
Rank
Player
Total
Winning Span
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1 Roger Federer 20 16 6 1 8 5
2 Rafael Nadal 16 13 1 10 2 3
3 Pete Sampras 14 13 2 0 7 5
4 Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 1 3 2
5 Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0
6 Jimmy Connors 8 10 1 0 2 5
Ivan Lendl 8 7 2 3 0 3
Andre Agassi 8 12 4 1 1 2
9 John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 3 4
Mats Wilander 7 7 3 3 0 1
11 Stefan Edberg 6 8 2 0 2 2
Boris Becker 6 12 2 0 3 1
13 Rod Laver 5 10 1 1 2 1
John Newcombe 5 9 2 0 2 1
Most singles titles by Grand Slam tournament
All Time
Grand Slam
Wins #
Player(s)
Australian Open 6 Roy Emerson
Novak Djokovic
Roger Federer
French Open 10 Rafael Nadal
Wimbledon 8 Roger Federer
US Open 7 Richard Sears
William Larned
Bill Tilden
Open Era
Grand Slam
Wins #
Player(s)
Australian Open 6 Novak Djokovic
Roger Federer
French Open 10 Rafael Nadal
Wimbledon 8 Roger Federer
US Open 5 Jimmy Connors
Pete Sampras
Roger Federer
Note: Bold indicates player still active.
Grand Slam singles titles by country (open era)
51
United States
25
Sweden
23
Spain
23
Switzerland
20
Australia
12
Czechoslovakia (one as Czech Republic)
12
Serbia
7
Germany (also West Germany)
6
Argentina
4
Russia
3
Brazil, United Kingdom
2
Croatia, Romania, South Africa
1
Austria, Ecuador, France, Italy, Netherlands
Most consecutive years with at least one Grand Slam title
Year #
Span
Player(s)
10 2005–2014 Rafael Nadal
8 1974–1981 Björn Borg
8 1993–2000 Pete Sampras
8 2003–2010 Roger Federer
7 1881–1887 Richard Sears
Note: * indicates ongoing streak, bold indicates player still active.
Achieved a Career Grand Slam
These players won all four majors. The year listed is the year the player first won each tournament; the last one is marked in bold. The age listed is the age at the end of that last tournament, i.e., the age at which the player completed his Career Grand Slam.
Player
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
Age
Fred Perry 1934 1935 1934 1933 26 years, 15 days
Don Budge 1938 1938 1937 1937 22 years, 357 days
Rod Laver 1960 1962 1961 1962 24 years, 32 days
Roy Emerson 1961 1963 1964 1961 27 years, 244 days
Andre Agassi 1995 1999 1992 1994 29 years, 38 days
Roger Federer 2004 2009 2003 2004 27 years, 203 days
Rafael Nadal 2009 2005 2008 2010 24 years, 101 days
Novak Djokovic 2008 2016 2011 2011 29 years, 14 days
Completed the Grand Slam
(Winners of all four Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year[9][10][11][12][13])
Australian—French—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1938 Don Budge
1962 Rod Laver
1969 Rod Laver (2)
Winners of three Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
Note: players with four titles are not included here.
Australian—French—Wimbledon:
1933 J Crawford
1956 L Hoad
Australian—French—U.S.:
1988 M Wilander
Australian—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1934 F Perry
1958 A Cooper
1964 R Emerson
1974 J Connors
2004 R Federer
2006 R Federer (2)
2007 R Federer (3)
2011 N Djokovic
2015 N Djokovic (2)
French—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1955 T Trabert
2010 R Nadal
Winners of two Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
Note: players with more than two titles are not included here.
Australian—French:
1953 Ken Rosewall
1963 Roy Emerson
1967 Roy Emerson (2)
1992 Jim Courier
2016 Novak Djokovic
Australian—Wimbledon:
1951 Dick Savitt
1959 Alex Olmedo
1965 Roy Emerson
1994 Pete Sampras
1997 Pete Sampras (2)
2017 Roger Federer
Australian—U.S.:
1961 Roy Emerson
1973 John Newcombe

French—Wimbledon:
1925 René Lacoste
1935 Fred Perry
1950 Budge Patty
1978 Björn Borg
1979 Björn Borg (2)
1980 Björn Borg (3)
2008 Rafael Nadal
2009 Roger Federer
French—U.S.:
1927 René Lacoste
1928 Henri Cochet
1977 Guillermo Vilas
1986 Ivan Lendl
1987 Ivan Lendl (2)
1999 Andre Agassi
2013 Rafael Nadal
2017 Rafael Nadal (2)
Wimbledon—U.S.:
1903 Laurence Doherty
1920 Bill Tilden
1921 Bill Tilden (2)
1932 Ellsworth Vines
1936 Fred Perry
1937 Don Budge
1939 Bobby Riggs
1947 Jack Kramer
1952 Frank Sedgman
1960 Neale Fraser
1967 John Newcombe
1981 John McEnroe
1982 Jimmy Connors
1984 John McEnroe (2)
1989 Boris Becker
1993 Pete Sampras
1995 Pete Sampras (2)
2005 Roger Federer
Winners of three or more consecutive Grand Slam singles titles
Titles
Players
Years
6 Don Budge 1937–38
4 Rod Laver 1962
Rod Laver 1969
Novak Djokovic 2015–16
3 Jack Crawford 1933
Tony Trabert 1955
Lew Hoad 1956
Roy Emerson 1964–65
Pete Sampras 1993–94
Roger Federer 2005–06
Roger Federer 2006–07
Rafael Nadal 2010
Novak Djokovic 2011–12
Winners of five or more singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
All-time
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
10 Rafael Nadal French Open
8 Roger Federer Wimbledon
7 Richard Sears U.S. Championships
William Renshaw Wimbledon Championships
William Larned U.S. Championships
Bill Tilden U.S. Championships
Pete Sampras Wimbledon
6 Roy Emerson Australian Championships
Björn Borg French Open
Novak Djokovic Australian Open
Roger Federer Australian Open
5 Laurence Doherty Wimbledon
Björn Borg Wimbledon
Jimmy Connors US Open
Pete Sampras US Open
Roger Federer US Open
Open Era
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
10 Rafael Nadal French Open
8 Roger Federer Wimbledon
7 Pete Sampras Wimbledon
6 Björn Borg French Open
Novak Djokovic Australian Open
Roger Federer Australian Open
5 Björn Borg Wimbledon
Jimmy Connors US Open
Pete Sampras US Open
Roger Federer US Open
Winners of four or more consecutive singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
All-time
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
Years
7 Richard Sears U.S. Championships 1881–87
6 William Renshaw Wimbledon 1881–86
Bill Tilden U.S. Championships 1920–25
5 Laurence Doherty Wimbledon 1902–06
William Larned U.S. Championships 1907–11
Roy Emerson Australian Championships 1963–67
Björn Borg Wimbledon 1976–80
Roger Federer Wimbledon 2003–07
Roger Federer US Open 2004–08
Rafael Nadal French Open 2010–14
4 Reginald Doherty Wimbledon 1897–1900
Tony Wilding Wimbledon 1910–13
Björn Borg French Open 1978–81
Pete Sampras Wimbledon 1997–2000
Rafael Nadal French Open 2005–08
Open Era
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
Years
5 Björn Borg Wimbledon 1976–80
Roger Federer Wimbledon 2003–07
Roger Federer US Open 2004–08
Rafael Nadal French Open 2010–14
4 Björn Borg French Open 1978–81
Pete Sampras Wimbledon 1997–2000
Rafael Nadal French Open 2005–08
Bold = Active Streaks
Winning a Grand Slam singles tournament without losing a set
Chronological timeline (by player)
Most in category *
Player
Times
Grand Slam Tournaments
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
Richard Sears 3 * — — — 1881, 1882, 1883 *
Laurence Doherty 1 — — — 1903
Holcombe Ward 1 — — — 1904
William Larned 1 — — — 1907
Tony Wilding 1 1909 * — — —
Rodney Heath 1 1910 * — — —
Pat O'Hara Wood 1 1923 * — — —
Don Budge 2 1938 * — 1938 * —
John Bromwich 1 1939 * — — —
Frank Parker 1 — — — 1945
Frank Sedgman 1 — — — 1952
Tony Trabert 3 * — — 1955 * 1953, 1955
Neale Fraser 1 — — — 1960[14]
Chuck McKinley 1 — — 1963 * —
Roy Emerson 1 1964 * — — —
Ken Rosewall 1 1971 * — — —
Ilie Năstase 1 — 1973 — —
Björn Borg 3 * — 1978, 1980 1976 * —
Roger Federer 2 2007 * — 2017 * —
Rafael Nadal 3 * — 2008, 2010, 2017 * — —
Occurrences by Grand Slam tournament
Grand Slam Tournament
Times
Number of Players
Player(s)
Australian Open 8 8 Tony Wilding
Rodney Heath
Pat O'Hara Wood
Don Budge
John Bromwich
Roy Emerson
Ken Rosewall
Roger Federer
French Open 6 3 Ilie Năstase
Björn Borg (twice)
Rafael Nadal (3 times)
Wimbledon 5 5 Don Budge
Tony Trabert
Chuck McKinley
Björn Borg
Roger Federer
US Open 11 8 Richard Sears (3 times)
Laurence Doherty
Holcombe Ward
William Larned
Frank Parker
Frank Sedgman
Tony Trabert (twice)
Neale Fraser
See also
Tennis statistics
Chronological list of men's major tennis champions
List of Grand Slam women's singles champions
List of Grand Slam men's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions
List of Grand Slam boys' singles champions
List of Grand Slam girls' singles champions
List of men's Grand Slam, Olympic and ATP Tour Finals and Masters Series singles champions
Notes
Jump up ^ ESPN Sports Almanac 2006, page 814
Jump up ^ World Book Encyclopedia 2008 T p166a
Jump up ^ Compton Encyclopedia 1975 ST p301
Jump up ^ Concord Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ CBS Sports "[1]"
Jump up ^ Top End Sports "[2]"
Jump up ^ USA Today Tennis "[3]"
Jump up ^ Tennis 28 Slams "[4]"
Jump up ^ USOpen.org Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "WTA Tour". wtatour.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ROGER FEDERER "CERTAINLY HAS THE CHANCE" AT THE GRAND SLAM, SAYS LAVER". worldtennismagazine.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stats - All Grand Slam Winners - Grand Slam History". www.grandslamhistory.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ CROWE, JERRY (22 May 1994). "Return to Grand Slam Glory : Rod Laver Was the Last Man to Sweep Four Major Titles and Thinks It Can Be Done Again". Retrieved 5 September 2017 – via LA Times.
Jump up ^ "Neale Fraser wins 1960 US Open without dropping set". ATP World Tour. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
[show]
v
t
e
Grand Slam tournament champions
Australian Open
Men's singles
Women's singles
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Singles finalists (open era)
French Open
Men's singles
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Mixed doubles
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Men's singles
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Men's doubles
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Mixed doubles
Singles finalists (open era)
US Open
Men's singles
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Mixed doubles
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All tournaments
Men's singles
Women's singles
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Boys' singles
Girls' singles
Boys' doubles
Girls' doubles
Grand Slam overall records
[show]
v
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e
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The Prestige (film)
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For the 1932 film, see Prestige (film).
The Prestige
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Christopher Nolan
Produced by
Emma Thomas
Aaron Ryder
Christopher Nolan
Screenplay by
Jonathan Nolan
Christopher Nolan
Based on
The Prestige
by Christopher Priest
Starring
Hugh Jackman
Christian Bale
Scarlett Johansson
Michael Caine
Rebecca Hall
Andy Serkis
David Bowie
Music by
David Julyan
Cinematography
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Edited by
Lee Smith
Production
companies
Touchstone Pictures
Newmarket Films
Syncopy
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution (North America)
Warner Bros. Pictures (International)
Release date
October 17, 2006 (2006-10-17) (El Capitan Theatre)
October 20, 2006 (2006-10-20) (United States)
November 10, 2006 (2006-11-10) (United Kingdom)
Running time
130 minutes
Country
United Kingdom[1]
United States[1]
Language
English
Budget
$40 million[2]
Box office
$109 million[2]
The Prestige is a 2006 British-American mystery thriller film directed by Christopher Nolan from a screenplay adapted by his brother Jonathan from Christopher Priest's 1995 novel The Prestige. Its story follows Robert Angier and Alfred Borden, rival stage magicians in London at the end of the 19th century. Obsessed with creating the best stage illusion, they engage in competitive one-upmanship with tragic results.
The film stars Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier, Christian Bale as Alfred Borden, and David Bowie as Nikola Tesla. It also stars Scarlett Johansson, Michael Caine, Piper Perabo, Andy Serkis, and Rebecca Hall. The film reunites Nolan with actors Bale and Caine from Batman Begins and returning cinematographer Wally Pfister, production designer Nathan Crowley, film score composer David Julyan, and editor Lee Smith.
The film was released on October 20, 2006, receiving positive reviews and strong box office results, and received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction. Along with The Illusionist and Scoop, The Prestige was one of three films released in 2006 to explore the world of stage magicians.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Themes
5 Release
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Music
5.2.1 Track listing
5.3 Home media
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1890s London, magician Robert Angier performs his trick, "The Real Transported Man" to a sold out theater. Rival magician Alfred Borden sneaks under the stage. At the trick's culmination, Angier drops through a trap door and into a waiting water tank, where Borden watches him drown.
At Borden's murder trial, Angier's ingénieur John Cutter testifies how Borden pushed the water tank under the trap door to catch and kill Angier during his trick. In prison, Borden is visited by an agent of a Lord Caldlow, who offers to care for Borden's daughter Jess in exchange for all of Borden's tricks. As a show of good faith, Caldlow gives Borden a copy of Angier's diary, which Borden reads.
Years earlier, Angier and Borden work as shills for Milton the Magician, alongside Cutter and assistant Julia, Angier's wife. Milton's famous trick is the water tank trick, where Julia is bound in ropes and dropped in a water tank from which she frees herself. When Borden ties her hands with a riskier slip knot, Julia fails to slip the knot and drowns, devastating Angier and fueling his deep-seated grudge against Borden.
Borden launches a solo magic career and hires the silent, mysterious Fallon as his ingénieur. Borden courts and eventually marries Sarah, who gives birth to their daughter, Jess; but their relationship is shadowed by Sarah's intuition that Borden is keeping secrets and that sometimes he is lying when he says he loves her. At his first show, Borden's bullet catch trick is sabotaged by Angier and Borden loses two fingers. Angier launches his own magic career, hiring Olivia Wenscombe as his assistant and Cutter as his ingénieur. During the finale of Angier's show, a disguised Borden sabotages Angier's bird cage act, which maims an audience member and ruins Angier's reputation.
Angier discovers and steals Borden's fantastic trick "The Transported Man," where Borden instantly travels between two wardrobes on opposite ends of a stage. Cutter and Olivia groom Root, an out-of-work actor, into a double for Angier. "The New Transported Man" is a huge success, but Angier is displeased, as he ends the trick hidden under the stage while Root basks in the applause. Obsessed with Borden's secret, Angier orders Olivia to spy on him. Instead, she revamps Borden's act, making it more successful. Borden subsequently sabotages Angier's show, humiliating him and leaving him with a permanent limp. Angier confronts Olivia, who confesses to loving Borden before giving Angier a copy of Borden's diary, its contents scrambled by a coded cipher. Angier and Cutter kidnap Fallon and extort from Borden his codeword "Tesla," which Borden claims is also his secret. As Angier leaves for America to find Tesla, Borden begins an affair with Olivia. Sarah becomes increasingly disturbed with Borden's fickle and contradictory nature and, succumbing to depression, commits suicide.
In America, Angier meets scientist Nikola Tesla and asks him to build him the machine Tesla built for Borden. While waiting for Tesla to finish, Angier deciphers Borden's diary, which he discovers to be fraudulent: Borden confesses that Tesla has nothing to do with Borden's trick and that Borden ordered Olivia to give Angier the diary to send him away. Angier confronts Tesla, who admits to never having built any device for Borden but has successfully built a replicating machine for Angier, capable of reproducing animate and inanimate objects a distance from the machine. As Tesla departs, he advises Angier to destroy the machine.
Returning to London, Angier debuts 'The Real Transported Man' where he vanishes within the machine's electrical field and appears atop the balcony at the back of the hall. Baffled by the trick's success, Borden sneaks backstage to find Angier's secret, only to witness Angier drop through a trap door and plunge into a waiting water tank, where he drowns. Cutter stumbles upon the scene and Borden is arrested.
In the present, Borden is found guilty and sentenced to death. He agrees to Lord Caldlow's terms and surrenders all his secrets. When Caldlow visits, Borden recognizes him as Angier. Baffled by Angier's return, Borden begs for his life, but Angier ignores his pleas. Borden is hanged and dies, his last word: "Abracadabra." Cutter learns that Caldlow has bought Angier's machine. When he visits him to plead for its destruction, he discovers that Caldlow is Angier and faked his death. Cutter is disgusted with Angier but agrees to help him dispose of his machine in his private theater.
His task finished, Cutter leaves the theater and passes a stranger on the street, who enters the theater. The stranger shoots Angier and reveals himself as Borden. Angier realizes that "Alfred Borden" is actually an identity assumed by twin brothers, who took turns being Borden and Fallon. One is the twin who loved his hanged wife Sarah, while the other loved the assistant Olivia. Borden berates Angier for going too far in his quest for dominance. Angier explains that the world is simple and that giving his audience a moment of wonder, and to bask in their applause, was his great ambition. Angier dies as his fallen lantern sets the theater on fire. Borden picks up his daughter, Jess, at Cutter's workshop. A final glimpse of the burning theater shows rows of water tanks containing rotting duplicates of Angier. Every show, Angier used the machine to create a clone of himself atop the balcony, while unbeknownst to anyone, the original Angier fell through the trap door to be drowned in the tanks under the stage.
Cast[edit]
Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier (The Great Danton)/Lord Caldlow, an aristocratic magician. After reading the script, Jackman expressed interest in playing the part. Christopher Nolan discovered Jackman's interest, and after meeting him saw that Jackman possessed the qualities of stage showmanship that Nolan was looking for in the role of Angier. Nolan explained that Angier had a "wonderful understanding of the interaction between a performer and a live audience", a quality he believed that Jackman had. Nolan said that Jackman "has the great depth as an actor that hasn't really been explored. People haven't had the chance to really see what he can do as an actor, and this is a character that would let him do that."[3] Jackman based his portrayal of Angier on 1950s-era American magician Channing Pollock.[4] Jackman also portrays Gerald Root, an alcoholic double used for Angier's New Transported Man.
Christian Bale as Alfred Borden (The Professor)/Fallon, a working class magician. Christian Bale expressed interest in playing the part and was cast after Jackman. Although Nolan had previously cast Bale as Batman in Batman Begins, he did not consider Bale for the part of Borden until Bale contacted him about the script. Nolan said that Bale was "exactly right" for the part of Borden and that it was "unthinkable" for anyone else to play the part.[3] Nolan described Bale as an actor "terrific to work with" who "takes what he does very, very seriously".[5] Nolan suggested that the actors should not read the original novel, but Bale ignored his advice.[6]
Michael Caine as John Cutter, the stage engineer (ingenieur) who works with Angier and Borden. Caine had previously collaborated with Nolan and Bale in Batman Begins. Nolan said that even though it felt like the character of Cutter was written for Caine, it was not. Nolan noted that the character was written "before I'd ever met" Caine.[3] Caine describes Cutter as "a teacher, a father and a guide to Angier". Caine, in trying to create Cutter's nuanced portrait, altered his voice and posture. Nolan later said that "Michael Caine’s character really becomes something of the heart of the film. He has a wonderful warmth and emotion to him that draws you into the story and allows you to have a point of view on these characters without judging them too harshly."[7]
Piper Perabo as Julia McCullough, Milton the Magician's assistant and Angier's wife.
Rebecca Hall as Sarah Borden, Borden's wife. Hall had to relocate from North London to Los Angeles in order to shoot the film, although the film itself takes place in London. Hall said that she was "starstruck just to be involved in [the film]".
Scarlett Johansson as Olivia Wenscombe, Angier's assistant and lover. Nolan said that he was "very keen" for Johansson to play the role, and when he met with her to discuss it, "she just loved the character".[3] Johansson praised Nolan's directing methods, saying that she "loved working with [him]"; he was "incredibly focused and driven and involved, and really involved in the performance in every aspect."[8]
David Bowie as Nikola Tesla, the real-life inventor who creates a teleportation device for Angier. For the role of Nikola Tesla, Nolan wanted someone who was not necessarily a film star but was "extraordinarily charismatic". Nolan said that "David Bowie was really the only guy I had in mind to play Tesla because his function in the story is a small but very important role".[3] Nolan contacted Bowie, who initially turned down the part. A lifelong fan, Nolan flew out to New York to pitch the role to Bowie in person, telling him no one else could possibly play the part;[9] Bowie accepted after a few minutes.[3]
Andy Serkis as Mr. Alley, Tesla's assistant. Serkis said that he played his character with the belief that he was "once a corporation man who got excited by this maverick, Tesla, so jumped ship and went with the maverick". Serkis described his character as a "gatekeeper", a "conman", and "a mirror image of Michael Caine’s character." Serkis, a big fan of Bowie, said that he was enjoyable to work with, describing him as "very unassuming, very down to earth... very at ease with himself and funny."[10]
Ricky Jay as Milton the Magician, an older magician who employs Angier and Borden at the beginning of their careers. Jay and Michael Weber trained Jackman and Bale for their roles with brief instruction in various stage illusions. The magicians gave the actors limited information, allowing them to know enough to pull off a scene.[6]
Roger Rees as Owens, a solicitor working for Lord Caldlow.
W. Morgan Sheppard as Merrit, the owner of a theatre where Angier initially performs.
Daniel Davis as the judge presiding over Borden's trial.
Production[edit]
Julian Jarrold's and Sam Mendes' producer approached Christopher Priest for an adaptation of his novel The Prestige. Priest was impressed with Nolan's films Following and Memento,[11] and subsequently, producer Valerie Dean brought the book to Nolan's attention.[12] In October 2000, Nolan traveled to the United Kingdom to publicize Memento, as Newmarket Films was having difficulty finding a United States distributor. While in London, Nolan read Priest's book and shared the story with his brother while walking around in Highgate (a location later featured in the scene where Angier ransoms Borden's ingénieur in Highgate Cemetery). The development process for The Prestige began as a reversal of their earlier collaboration: Jonathan Nolan had pitched his initial story for Memento to his brother during a road trip.[13]
A year later, the option on the book became available and was purchased by Aaron Ryder of Newmarket Films.[12][13] In late 2001, Nolan became busy with the post-production of Insomnia, and asked his brother Jonathan to help work on the script.[13] The writing process was a long collaboration between the Nolan brothers, occurring intermittently over a period of five years.[14] In the script, the Nolans emphasized the magic of the story through the dramatic narrative, playing down the visual depiction of stage magic. The three-act screenplay was deliberately structured around the three elements of the film's illusion: the pledge, the turn, and the prestige. "It took a long time to figure out how to achieve cinematic versions of the very literary devices that drive the intrigue of the story," Christopher Nolan told Variety: "The shifting points of view, the idea of journals within journals and stories within stories. Finding the cinematic equivalents of those literary devices was very complex."[15] Although the film is thematically faithful to the novel, two major changes were made to the plot structure during the adaptation process: the novel's spiritualism subplot was removed, and the modern-day frame story was replaced with Borden's wait for the gallows.[12] Priest approved of the adaptation, describing it as "an extraordinary and brilliant script, a fascinating adaptation of my novel."[12]
The historic Tower Theatre in Los Angeles was used as the location for the Pantages Theatre in London[16]
In early 2003, Nolan planned to direct the film before the production of Batman Begins accelerated.[6][17] Following the release of Batman Begins, Nolan started up the project again, negotiating with Jackman and Bale in October 2005.[18] While the screenplay was still being written, production designer Nathan Crowley began the set design process in Nolan's garage, employing a "visual script" consisting of scale models, images, drawings, and notes. Jonathan and Christopher Nolan finished the final shooting draft on January 13, 2006, and began production three days later on January 16. Filming ended on April 9.[19]
Crowley and his crew searched Los Angeles for almost seventy locations that resembled fin de siècle London.[16] Jonathan Nolan visited Colorado Springs to research Nikola Tesla and based the electric bulb scene on actual experiments conducted by Tesla.[13] Nathan Crowley helped design the scene for Tesla's invention; It was shot in the parking lot of the Mount Wilson Observatory.[16] Influenced by a "Victorian modernist aesthetic," Crowley chose four locations in the Broadway theater district in downtown Los Angeles for the film's stage magic performances: the Los Angeles Theatre, the Palace Theatre, the Los Angeles Belasco, and the Tower Theatre.[20] Crowley also turned a portion of the Universal back lot into Victorian London.[21] Osgood Castle in Colorado was also used as a location.[22]
Nolan built only one set for the film, an "under-the-stage section that houses the machinery that makes the larger illusions work,"[23] preferring to simply dress various Los Angeles locations and sound stages to stand in for Colorado and Victorian England.[24] In contrast to most period pieces, Nolan kept up the quick pace of production by shooting with handheld cameras,[24] and refrained from using artificial lighting in some scenes, relying instead on natural light on location.[6] Costume designer Joan Bergin chose attractive, modern Victorian fashions for Scarlett Johansson; cinematographer Wally Pfister captured the mood with soft earth tones as white and black colors provided background contrasts, bringing actors' faces to the foreground.[25]
Editing, scoring, and mixing finished on September 22, 2006.[19]
Themes[edit]
The rivalry between Angier and Borden dominates the film. Obsession, secrecy, and sacrifice fuel the battle, as both magicians contribute their fair share to a deadly duel of one-upmanship, with disastrous results. Angier's obsession with beating Borden costs him Cutter's friendship, while providing him with a collection of his own dead clones; Borden's obsession with maintaining the secrecy of his twin leads Sarah to question their relationship, eventually resulting in her suicide when she suspects the truth. Angier and one of the twins both lose Olivia's love because of their inhumanity. Finally, Borden is hanged and the last copy of Angier shot. Their struggle is also expressed through class warfare: Borden as The Professor, a working-class magician who gets his hands dirty, versus Angier as The Great Danton, a classy, elitist showman whose accent makes him appear American.[26] Film critic Matt Brunson claimed that a complex theme of duality is exemplified by Angier and Borden, that the film chooses not to depict either magician as good or evil.[27]
Angier's theft of Borden's teleportation illusion in the film echoes many real-world examples of stolen tricks among magicians. Outside the film, similar rivalries include magicians John Nevil Maskelyne and Harry Kellar's dispute over a levitation illusion.[28] Gary Westfahl of Locus Online also notes a "new proclivity for mayhem" in the film over the novel, citing the murder/suicide disposition of Angier's duplicates and intensified violent acts of revenge and counter-revenge. This "relates to a more general alteration in the events and tone of the film" rather than significantly changing the underlying themes.[29]
Nor is this theme of cutthroat competition limited to sleight of hand: the script incorporates the popular notion that Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison were directly engaged in the War of Currents, a rivalry over electrical standards, which appears in the film in parallel to Angier and Borden's competition for magical supremacy.[30][31] In the novel, Tesla and Edison serve as foils for Angier and Borden, respectively.[32]
Den Shewman of Creative Screenwriting says the film asks how far one would go to devote oneself to an art. The character of Chung Ling Soo, according to Shewman, is a metaphor for this theme.[12] Film critic Alex Manugian refers to this theme as the "meaning of commitment."[33] For example, Soo's pretense of being slow and feeble misdirects his audience from noticing the physical strength required to perform the goldfish bowl trick, but the cost of maintaining this illusion is the sacrifice of individuality: Soo's true appearance and freedom to act naturally are consciously suppressed in his ceaseless dedication to the art of magic.
Nicolas Rapold of Film Comment addresses the points raised by Shewman and Manugian in terms of the film's "refracted take on Romanticism":
Angier's technological solution—which suggests art as sacrifice, a phoenix-like death of the self—and Borden's more meat-and-potatoes form of stagecraft embody the divide between the artist and the social being.[34]
For Manugian the central theme is "obsession," but he also notes the supporting themes of the "nature of deceit" and "science as magic." Manugian criticizes the Nolans for trying to "ram too many themes into the story."[33]
Release[edit]
Touchstone Pictures opted to move the release date up a week, from the original October 27, to October 20, 2006.[35] The film earned $14.8 million on opening weekend in the United States, debuting at #1. It grossed $109 million, including $53 million from the United States.[2] The film received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction (Nathan Crowley and Julie Ochipinti) and the Academy Award for Best Cinematography (Wally Pfister),[36] as well as a nomination for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form in 2007.[37] Along with The Illusionist and Scoop (also starring Jackman and Johansson), The Prestige was one of three films in 2006 to explore the world of stage magicians.
Critical response[edit]
The Prestige received largely positive reviews from film critics.[38] Rotten Tomatoes reported that 75% of critics gave the film positive reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10, based upon a sample of 190 reviews.[39] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 66, based on 36 reviews.[38] Claudia Puig of USA Today described the film as "one of the most innovative, twisting, turning art films of the past decade."[40] Drew McWeeny gave the film a glowing review, saying it demands repeat viewing,[41] with Peter Travers of Rolling Stone agreeing.[42] Richard Roeper and guest critic A.O. Scott gave the film a "two thumbs up" rating.[43][44] Todd Gilchrist of IGN applauded the performances of Jackman and Bale whilst praising Nolan for making "this complex story as easily understandable and effective as he made the outwardly straightforward comic book adaptation (Batman Begins) dense and sophisticated... any truly great performance is almost as much showmanship as it is actual talent, and Nolan possesses both in spades."[45] CNN.com and Village Voice film critic Tom Charity listed it amongst his best films of 2006.[46] Philip French of The Observer recommended the film, comparing the rivalry between the two main characters to that of Mozart and Salieri in the highly acclaimed Amadeus.[47]
On the other hand, Dennis Harvey of Variety criticized the film as gimmicky, though he felt the cast did well in underwritten roles.[48] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter felt that characters "...are little more than sketches. Remove their obsessions, and the two magicians have little personality."[49] Nonetheless, the two reviewers praised David Bowie as Tesla, as well as the production values and cinematography. On a simpler note, Emanuel Levy has said: "Whether viewers perceive The Prestige as intricately complex or just unnecessarily complicated would depend to a large degree on their willingness to suspend disbelief for two hours." He gave the film a B grade.[50]
Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four, describing the revelation at the end a "fundamental flaw" and a "cheat." He wrote, "The pledge of Nolan's The Prestige is that the film, having been metaphorically sawed in two, will be restored; it fails when it cheats, as, for example, if the whole woman produced on the stage were not the same one so unfortunately cut in two."[51] R.J. Carter of The Trades felt, "I love a good science fiction story; just tell me in advance." He gave the film a B-.[52] Christopher Priest, who wrote the novel the film is based on, saw it three times as of January 5, 2007, and his reaction was "'Well, holy shit.' I was thinking, 'God, I like that,' and 'Oh, I wish I'd thought of that.'"[53]
In 2009, The A.V. Club included The Prestige in their best films of the decade list.[54] The film was included in American Cinematographer's "Best-Shot Film of 1998-2008" list, ranking at 36. More than 17,000 people around the world participated in the final vote.[55]
Music[edit]
The Prestige: Original Score
Soundtrack album by David Julyan
Released
October 17, 2006
Recorded
2006
Genre
Classical
Length
48:13
Label
Hollywood Records
Producer
Christopher Nolan
Hans Zimmer
David Julyan chronology
The Descent
(2005)The Descent2005 The Prestige
(2006) Outlaw
(2007)Outlaw2007
The film score was written by English musician and composer David Julyan. Julyan had previously collaborated with director Christopher Nolan on Following, Memento and Insomnia. Following the film's narrative, the soundtrack had three sections: the Pledge, the Turn, and the Prestige.[56]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by David Julyan.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Are You Watching Closely?" 1:51
2. "Colorado Springs" 4:15
3. "The Light Field" 1:50
4. "Borden Meets Sarah" 2:11
5. "Adagio for Julia" 2:03
6. "A New Trick" 4:29
7. "The Journal" 2:55
8. "The Transported Man" 2:36
9. "No, Not Today" 2:31
10. "Caught" 1:39
11. "Cutter Returns" 2:13
12. "The Real Transported Man" 2:28
13. "Man's Reach Exceeds His Imagination" 2:08
14. "Goodbye to Jess" 2:53
15. "Sacrifice" 5:15
16. "The Price of a Good Trick" 5:05
17. "The Prestige" 1:40
18. "The Tesla" 1:30
Some critics were disappointed with the score, acknowledging that while it worked within the context of the film, it was not enjoyable by itself.[57][58] Jonathan Jarry of SoundtrackNet described the score as "merely functional," establishing the atmosphere of dread but never taking over. Although the reviewer was interested with the score's notion, Jarry found the execution was "extremely disappointing."[57]
Christopher Coleman of Tracksounds felt that though it was "...a perfectly fitting score," it was completely overwhelmed by the film, and totally unnoticed at times.[58] Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks recommended the soundtrack for those who enjoyed Julyan's work on the film, and noted that it was not for those who expected "any semblance of intellect or enchantment in the score to match the story of the film." Clemmensen called the score lifeless, "constructed on a bed of simplistic string chords and dull electronic soundscapes."[59]
The song "Analyse" by Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke is played over the credits.[60]
Home media[edit]
The Region 1 disc is by Buena Vista Home Entertainment, and was released on February 20, 2007, and is available on DVD and BD formats.[61] The Warner Bros. Region 2 DVD was released on March 12, 2007.[62] It is also available in both BD and regionless HD DVD in Europe (before HD DVD was cancelled). Special features are minimal, with the documentary Director's Notebook: The Prestige – Five Making-of Featurettes, running roughly twenty minutes combined, an art gallery and the trailer. Nolan did not contribute to a commentary as he felt the film primarily relied on an audience's reaction and did not want to remove the mystery from the story.[63]
See also[edit]
Ship of Theseus
Teletransportation paradox
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Richard Roeper and A.O. Scott (October 20, 2006). Ebert & Roeper.
Jump up ^ A.O. Scott (October 20, 2006). "Two Rival Magicians, and Each Wants the Other to Go Poof". NYTimes.com. Retrieved February 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ Gilchrist, Todd (October 15, 2006). "Elevating movie magic to new artistic heights". IGN. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
Jump up ^ Charity, Tom (December 28, 2006). "The best (and worst) films of the year". CNN.com.
Jump up ^ French, Philip (November 12, 2006). "The Prestige". The Observer. Retrieved May 14, 2007.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Dennis (October 13, 2006). "The Prestige". Variety. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
Jump up ^ Honeycutt, Kirk (October 16, 2006). "The Prestige". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
Jump up ^ Levy, Emanuel (October 15, 2006). "The Prestige". EmanuelLevy.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (September 7, 2007). "Atmospherically lovely, 'Prestige' is, alas, a cheat; Christopher". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ Carer, R.J. (February 20, 2007). "The Prestige". The-Trades.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ Dawn, Randee (January 5, 2007). "Source material". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ Phipps, Keith; Robinson, Tasha; Rabin, Nathan; Tobias, Scott; Murray, Noel (3 December 2009). "The best films of the '00s". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "American Cinematographer Poll Names Amélie Best-Shot Film of 1998-2008". The American Society of Cinematographers. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Vincentelli, Elisabeth. "The Prestige: David Julyan: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Jarry, Jonathan (December 15, 2006). "'The Prestige' Soundtrack". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved July 26, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Coleman, Christopher. "'The Prestige' by David Julyan". Tracksounds.com. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Clemmensen, Christian. "'The Prestige' (David Julyan)". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Henriksen, Erik (October 19, 2006). "Ye Olde Dueling Magicians". The Portland Mercury. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
Jump up ^ Woodward, Tom (January 8, 2007). "The Prestige". DVDActive.com. Retrieved January 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ Gould, Chris (January 16, 2007). "The Prestige". DVDActive.com. Retrieved January 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ Gilchrist, Todd (February 20, 2007). "The Pledge, The Turn, The Prestige, The DVD". IGN. Retrieved February 26, 2007.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Prestige (film)
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The Prestige at AllMovie
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The Prestige at Box Office Mojo
The Prestige script at DailyScript.com
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values: Престиж (филм) – Bulgarian

values: Prestige – Die Meister der Magie – German

values: پرستیژ (فیلم) – Persian

values: 프레스티지 (영화) – Korean

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values: Престиж (фильм) – Russian

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values: Престиж – Serbian

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