text:
Free throw
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Foul shot" redirects here. For the general concept in many team sports, see Penalty shot.
Vassilis Spanoulis taking a free throw
In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free throw line (informally known as the foul line or the charity stripe), a line situated at the end of the restricted area. Free throws are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team. Each successful free throw is worth one point.
Contents
1 Description
2 When free throws are awarded
3 Procedure
4 Free throws awarded (NBA)
4.1 Historical
5 Strategy
6 Technique
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Description[edit]
Play media
Kobe Bryant practicing free throws.
Free throws can normally be shot at a high percentage by good players. In the NBA, most players make 70–80% of their attempts. The league's best shooters (such as Steve Nash, Rick Barry, Ray Allen, José Calderón, Stephen Curry, Reggie Miller, Kevin Durant, and Dirk Nowitzki) can make roughly 90% of their attempts over a season, while notoriously poor shooters (e.g. Dwight Howard, DeAndre Jordan, Wilt Chamberlain, Andre Drummond, Andris Biedrins, Chris Dudley, Ben Wallace, Shaquille O'Neal, and Dennis Rodman) may struggle to make 50% of them. During a foul shot, a player's foot must be completely behind the foul line. If a player lines up with part of his or her foot on the line, a violation is called and the shot does not count. Foul shots are worth one point.
When free throws are awarded[edit]
Players waiting on the side during a free throw at a Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets vs. Centenary Gentlemen college basketball game.
There are many situations when free throws can be awarded.
The first and most common is when a player is fouled while in the act of shooting. If the player misses the shot during the foul, the player receives either two or three free throws depending on whether the shot was taken in front of or behind the three-point line. If, despite the foul, the player still makes the attempted shot, the number of free throws is reduced to one, and the basket counts. This is known as a three-point or four-point play, depending on the value of the made basket.
The second is when the fouling team is in the team bonus (or foul penalty) situation. This happens when, in a single period, a team commits a set number of fouls whether or not in the act of shooting. In FIBA, (W)NBA and NCAA women's play, the limit is four fouls per quarter; in the NBA, starting with the fifth foul (fourth in overtime), or the second in the final 2 minutes if the team has less than 5 fouls (4 in OT), the opposing team gets two free throws. In the WNBA, the fouled player shoots two free throws starting with the opponent's fifth foul (4th in overtime), or second team foul in the final minute if that team has committed under 5 fouls in a period (4 in overtime). In FIBA and NCAA women's basketball, the fouled player also shoots two free throws starting with the opponent's fifth foul in a period, considering that team fouls accrue from the fourth period on, as all overtimes are extensions of it for purposes of accrued team fouls. In NCAA men's basketball, beginning with the seventh foul of the half, one free throw is awarded; if the player makes the free throw, another is given. This is called shooting a "one-and-one". Starting with the tenth foul of the half, two free throws are awarded. In addition, overtime is considered an extension of the second half for purposes of accumulated team fouls. Free throws are not awarded for offensive fouls (most often charging fouls), even if the team fouled is in the bonus. The number of fouls that triggers a penalty is higher in college men's basketball because the game is divided into two 20-minute halves, as opposed to quarters of 12 minutes in the NBA or 10 minutes in the WNBA, college women's basketball, or FIBA play (note that the college women's game was played in 20-minute halves before 2015–16). As in professional play, a foul in the act of shooting is a two- or three-shot foul, depending on the value of the shot attempt, with one free throw being awarded if the shot is good.
If a player is injured upon being fouled and cannot shoot free throws, the offensive team may designate any player from the bench to shoot in the place of the injured player in college; in the NBA, the opposing team designates the player to shoot, and the injured player can't return, unless the foul committed was a flagrant-2, in which case the player's own team also gets to pick the replacement shooter. If a player fouled takes exception to the foul, and starts or participates in a fight, and gets ejected, he or she is not allowed to take his or her free throws, and the opposing team will choose a replacement shooter. In all other circumstances, the fouled player must shoot his or her own foul shots.
If a player, coach, or team staff (e.g., doctor, statistician) shows poor sportsmanship, which may include arguing with a referee, that person may get charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul. In the NBA, a technical foul results in one free throw attempt for the other team. In FIBA play, technical fouls result in two free throws in all situations. Under NCAA rules, technical fouls are divided into "Class A" (violent or serious unsportsmanlike conduct) and "Class B" (less egregious violations such as hanging on the rim or delay of game). Class A technicals result in two free throws, and Class B technicals result in one. At all levels, the opposing team may choose any player who is currently on the court to shoot the free throws, and is then awarded possession of the ball after the free throws. Since there is no opportunity for a rebound, these free throws are shot with no players on the lane.
Finally, if a referee deems a foul extremely aggressive, or that it did not show an attempt to play the ball, the referee can call an even more severe foul, known as an "unsportsmanlike foul" in international play or a "flagrant foul" in the NBA and NCAA basketball. This foul is charged against the player (and depending on the severity of the offense, can even be ejected), and the opponent gets two free throws and possession of the ball afterwards. Unlike technical fouls, the player fouled must shoot the awarded free throws.
Fouls "away from the ball" (fouls that do not occur on the shooter or near the ball) are handled like the second case above in most situations. Many times defenders hold their opponent to prevent them from catching an in-bound pass or fight through screens and thus are called for fouls. These fouls are almost always treated as normal personal fouls. In the NBA, when there are only two minutes left on the clock of either half, off-ball fouls when the fouling team is over the limit are rewarded with one free throw and possession of the ball. It is therefore common for a losing team to deliberately single out its opponent's poor free throw shooters, regardless of their dominance in other aspects of the game (as in the cases of Ben Wallace and Shaquille O'Neal), as the targets of deliberate fouls until the two-minute mark, after which the losing team plays intense defense for the rest of the game; this strategy is known as the "Hack-a-Shaq". It is believed that this rule was instituted because of Wilt Chamberlain.[citation needed] Previously teams had been allowed to foul any player on the court regardless of whether that player had possession of the ball, with only two free throws awarded to the fouled player. This motivated teams to chase poor free throw shooters, such as Chamberlain, around the court in attempt to foul him in an effort to extend the game. To discourage this practice, the NBA changed the rule to award one free throw and possession of the ball to a player who is fouled away from the ball in the last two minutes of the fourth quarter. This rule does not apply in international or NCAA play and in fact plays a very vital strategic role in the NCAA Tournament.
Procedure[edit]
Fatimatou Sacko for her first free throw.
Free throws are organized in procession. The shooter takes his place behind the free throw line (5.8 m (19 ft) from the base line, 4.6 m (15 ft) from the basket). All other players must stand in their correct places until the ball leaves the shooter's hands: up to four people in the NCAA rules[1] and three people in the FIBA rules[2] from the defensive team and two people from the shooting team line up along the sides of the restricted area (keyhole, paint, lane). These players are usually the ones that rebound the ball. Three line up on each side. A defensive player always takes the place closest to the basket.
The remaining players must remain behind the three-point line and the "free throw line extended" (an imaginary line extended from the free throw line in both directions to the sidelines).
Leaving their designated places before the ball leaves the shooter's hands, or interfering with the ball, are violations. In addition, the shooter must release the ball within five seconds (ten seconds in the United States) and must not step on or over the free throw line until the ball touches the hoop. Players are, however, permitted to jump while attempting the free throw, provided they do not leave the designated area at any point.[3] A violation by the shooter cancels the free throw; a violation by the defensive team results in a substitute free throw if the shooter missed; a violation by the offensive team or a shot that completely misses the hoop results in the loss of possession to the defensive team (only if it is on the last free throw).
Under FIBA rules, if the shooter does not commit a violation, and the ball goes in the basket, the attempt is successful, regardless of violations committed by any non-shooter.
Lane violation
Offensive players (excluding shooter)
Both teams' players
Defensive players
Shooter
Made
Free throw is not counted (Not the last free throw)
Turnover (Last free throw) Free throw is counted Free throw is counted, and another is taken Turnover (FIBA)
Missed
Free throw is not counted (Not the last free throw)
Turnover (Last free throw) Jump ball (NBA, some leagues)
Possession arrow (FIBA) Free throw is retaken Turnover (FIBA)
Free throws awarded (NBA)[edit]
[4][5]
Foul
Technical
One free throw
Personal
Offensive
Loss of possession3
Loose ball
Defensive
Clear path
Two free throws and possession
Flagrant
Two free throws and possession
No penalty1
Loss of possession3
Penalty1
Two free throws
Shooting
Non-shooting
Shot made
One free throw
Shot missed
No penalty1
Inbounds pass2
Penalty1
Two-point attempt
Two free throws
Three-point attempt
Three free throws
Not last two minutes of game:
Two free throws
Last two minutes of game
Not away from play:
Two free throws
Away from play:
One free throw and possession

1 Penalty applies to fouls in excess of four in a regulation period or in excess of three in an overtime period. If a team has not committed its foul quota by the two minute mark of a period, it shall be allowed one foul before the penalty applies. Offensive fouls do not count toward this total.
2 Defensive fouls committed during an inbounds pass prior to the ball being released result in two free throws regardless of the penalty situation.
3 In the NBA, a team must have five players on the court at all times. If a team is down to five players because of injuries and players with six fouls, and a player commits his sixth foul, he remains in the game and a technical foul is charged. The technical foul penalty of one free throw and the ball applies.
Historical[edit]
Prior to the 1954–55 season, the NBA established the rule that a backcourt foul would result in a "three to make two" situation (up to three attempts to make two free throws) if the violating team was over the team foul limit.[6] By 1979, the rule had been extended to the penalty situation for flagrant fouls, fouls made in the act of shooting (resulting in a miss), and fouls due to the swinging of the elbows.[7] Prior to the 1981–82 season, this rule and the related "two to make one" rule were abolished.[6]
In 1956, in response to reports that Wilt Chamberlain was able to dunk free throws, the NCAA established a rule requiring that free throw shooters keep both feet behind the free throw line during an attempt.[8] The NBA later adopted this rule.[9]
Strategy[edit]
Play media
Free throwing at a Valencia Basket match.
As mentioned earlier, some players are notoriously bad free throw shooters. Historical examples of star players who were poor shooters include Wilt Chamberlain, Ben Wallace, and Shaquille O'Neal.[10] This allows a strategy where a team intentionally fouls this player, hoping that they will miss one or both shots and the defending team will re-gain possession of the ball. This strategy was dubbed Hack-a-Shaq when famously used on Shaquille O'Neal. Dwight Howard, DeAndre Jordan and Andre Drummond[11] has been subjected to this strategy as well,[12] as have other players.
It can be advantageous for a trailing team to intentionally foul late in a close game. While this allows the leading team to shoot free throws and increase their lead, it also stops the clock, similar to a time out in football (in basketball, a time out may only be called by a team with possession of the ball). As well, it allows the trailing team the chance to take possession if the second free throw is missed, and if it is made awards possession outright to the trailing team. Therefore, many teams substitute players with high free throw percentages when they are leading late in games to combat this strategy. It is seen as a last resort strategy with little chance of success, but if it is not employed the leading team may run out the clock and end the game.
As well, a defensive team leading by three may foul an offensive team intentionally late in the game, if the game clock is no greater than a couple of seconds. In such circumstances, the opposing team would most likely not have enough time for multiple possessions. Down three points, the opposing team's obvious strategy would be to attempt a three-pointer to try to send the game into overtime; however, the leading team may attempt to foul the trailing team before a shot is attempted, as this would lead to only two free throws which is not enough to tie the game. If the trailing team is placed into the situation of shooting two free throws, they must attempt to intentionally miss the second free throw in the hopes of securing the offensive rebound (which is harder than normal with free throws, as the defending team is automatically given position) and scoring before the game clock expires – if the first free throw is made, a two-pointer would tie the game, and a three-pointer would win the game; if the first free throw is missed, only a three-pointer would tie the game. Theoretically, adopting this strategy makes a leading team four times more likely to win the game than allowing the trailing team to attempt a three-pointer.[13]
Technique[edit]
The majority of adult professional players shoot free throws in the overhand style, despite both theoretical and practical demonstrations that the underhand style (aka "granny-style") usually produces better average results.[14][15] Famously, in the NBA, Rick Barry retired in 1980 while ranked first in NBA history at the time with his 0.900 free throw percentage.[16] There were only a few professional players who have utilized this technique, while the vast majority of them resisted adopting the technique for the fear of ridicule or for other similar reasons unrelated to performance.[14][15]
See also[edit]
50–40–90 Club, exclusive group of players with one criterion including shooting at least 90% of free throws
List of National Basketball Association career free throw scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leaders
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-09. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
Jump up ^ "Rule No. 9-Free Throw". National Basketball Association. NBA Media Ventures, LLC. Archived from the original on 2009-03-07.
Jump up ^ "NBA.com - RULE NO. 12-FOULS AND PENALTIES". www.nba.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "NBA.com - NBAs Misunderstood Rules". www.nba.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018. C1 control character in |title= at position 14 (help)
^ Jump up to: a b "NBA.com: NBA Rules History". Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
Jump up ^ Winick, Matt (1979). Official 1979–80 National Basketball Association Guide. The Sporting News. p. Rules Index 31. ISBN 0-89204-049-1.
Jump up ^ "That Stilt, Wilt, Responsible For 2 Rule Changes; Kansas' Chamberlain Even Dunked His Foul Shots", Toledo Blade, November 28, 1956
Jump up ^ Silverman, Drew (2012). Kansas Jayhawks. Sportszone. p. 21. ISBN 978-1617832833.
Jump up ^ Fixler, Kevin (2012-12-13). "Shooting for Perfection". SB Nation. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Does Hack-a-Shaq actually work?". ESPN. April 28, 2016. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Landman, Seth. "'Hack-a-Howard' strategy in full effect". ESPN. Archived from the original on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Lawhorn, Adrian. ""3-D": Late-Game Defensive Strategy with a 3-Point Lead". 82games.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Rist, Curtis (2008-08-07). "Physics Proves It: Everyone Should Shoot Granny-Style". Discover. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
^ Jump up to: a b Kilgore, Adam (2016-12-28). "'Granny' shot master Rick Barry is glad someone had the guts to bring it back to the NBA". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2017-01-19. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
Jump up ^ "Rick Barry". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-03-17. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Free throw.
Official Basketball Rules, FIBA, 2008
NBA Rule Number 9: Free Throw
NBA Rule Number 12: Fouls and Penalties
Free Throws as the subject of an episode of the Podcast Surprisingly Awesome

show
v
t
e
Basketball
Outline of basketball
General topics
History of basketball
James Naismith
Variations of basketball
Leagues
Statistics
Glossary of terms
Index of articles
Rules
Bonus
Jump ball
Officials
Turnover
Violation
3 seconds
Offense
Defense
5 seconds
Basket interference
Carrying
Double dribble
Goaltending
Shot clock
Traveling
Foul
Flagrant
Personal
Technical
Game play
Air ball
Alley-oop
Assist
Backboard shattering
Ball hog
Block
Buzzer beater
Cherry picking
Dribble
Crossover
Dunk
Euro step
Fadeaway
Fast break
Fly
Flop
Jump shot
Layup
Finger roll
Field goal
Four-point play
Free throw
Hook shot
Moves
Pick and roll
Positions
Posterized
Playbook
Rebound
Point
Screen
Back screen
Slashing
Steal
Three-pointer
Three-point play
Uncontested shot
Strategy
General
Sixth man
Offense
Continuity offense
Flex
Shuffle
UCLA High Post
Wheel
Dribble drive motion
Four corners
Motion
Princeton
Run and gun
Grinnell System
Nellie Ball
Small ball
Triangle
Defense
1-2-1-1
1–3–1
2–3 zone
Amoeba
Box-and-one
Double team
Full-court press
Hack-a-Shaq
Jordan Rules
Line
Man-to-man
Match-up zone
Triangle-and-two
Zone
Equipment
Backboard
Ball
Breakaway rim
Court
Half court
Key
Net
Possession arrow
Whistle
Clothing
Basketball sleeve
Finger sleeve
Air Jordan
Chuck Taylor All-Stars
Miscellaneous
100-point scorers
50–40–90 club
AAU All-Americans
AAU champions
Mikan Drill
Player tracking
Shootaround
Tip drill
Winning streaks
show
v
t
e
Basketball statistics
Basic
Games played
Games started
Minute
Point
Rebound (Offensive
Defensive)
Assist
Steal
Block
Foul
Turnover
Field goal & free throw
Field goal made
3-point field goal made
Free throw made
Field goal attempted
3-point field goal attempted
Free throw attempted
Field goal percentage
3-point field goal percentage
Free throw percentage
Doubles
Double-double
Triple-double
Quadruple-double
Quintuple-double
Five-by-five
Advanced statistics
Offense efficiency rating
Player efficiency rating
Offensive rating
Defensive rating
Effective field goal percentage
True shooting percentage
Rebound rate
Economy
Performance Index Rating
Efficiency
Player tracking
Tendex
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_throw&oldid=849413157"
Categories:
Basketball terminology
Rules of basketball
Hidden categories:
CS1 errors: invisible characters
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Català
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Lietuvių
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
中文
7 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 July 2018, at 20:43 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: href class title

attrs: class style

value: b

value: p

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kobe_Bryant.ogv/640px--Kobe_Bryant.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:640px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="3.8038" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Kobe_Bryant.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Kobe_Bryant.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 640 × 480 (868 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="640" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="868340" data-framerate="29.97002997003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Kobe_Bryant.ogv/Kobe_Bryant.ogv.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1029128" data-framerate="29.97002997003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Kobe_Bryant.ogv/Kobe_Bryant.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="214" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="214656" data-framerate="29.97002997003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Kobe_Bryant.ogv/Kobe_Bryant.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="382448" data-framerate="29.97002997003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Kobe_Bryant.ogv/Kobe_Bryant.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="668512" data-framerate="29.97002997003"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Andris_Biedrins
mw-redirect
Andris Biedrins

values: Edit section: When free throws are awarded

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ;

values: border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black

values: <video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv/854px--Tirs_lliures.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="27.678185941043" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Tirs_lliures.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv/Tirs_lliures.ogv.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1131408" data-framerate="30"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv/Tirs_lliures.ogv.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="4175488" data-framerate="30"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 1,280 × 720 (7.21 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="7209831" data-framerate="30"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv/Tirs_lliures.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="273232" data-framerate="30"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv/Tirs_lliures.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="360528" data-framerate="30"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Tirs_lliures.ogv/Tirs_lliures.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="606824" data-framerate="30"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Toledo_Blade
mw-redirect
Toledo Blade

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.82games.com/lawhorn.htm

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Fly_fast_break
mw-redirect
Fly fast break

values:
/wiki/Possession_arrow
mw-redirect
Possession arrow

values: List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game

values: Player tracking (National Basketball Association)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: navigation navbox Basketball padding:3px

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Free_throw
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Ελεύθερες Βολές (καλαθοσφαίριση) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: پرتاب آزاد – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Штрафной бросок – Russian

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Free_throw rootpage-Free_throw skin-vector action-view


text:
Invisible Woman
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the comic book character. For other uses, see Invisible Woman (disambiguation).
"Invisible Girl" redirects here. For other uses, see Invisible Girl (disambiguation).
Invisible Woman
Cover to The Fantastic Four (vol. 3) #2
(February 1998) by Alan Davis
Publication information
Publisher
Marvel Comics
First appearance
The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961)
Created by
Stan Lee (writer)
Jack Kirby (artist)
In-story information
Alter ego
Susan "Sue" Storm-Richards
Species
Human Mutate
Team affiliations
Fantastic Four
Lady Liberators
Avengers
Fantastic Four Incorporated
Future Foundation
Seven Brides Of Set
Notable aliases
Invisible Girl, Captain Universe, Susan Benjamin, Malice, Mistress of Hate, Baroness Von Doom, Tabitha Deneuve
Abilities
Invisibility
Projected invisibility
Invisible force field projection (which bestows the ability to generate protective invisible shields and invisible energy constructs as well as the power to control and manipulate objects)
Competent martial artist
The Invisible Woman (Susan "Sue" Storm-Richards), previously known as the Invisible Girl, is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is a founding member of the Fantastic Four and was the first female superhero created by Marvel during the Silver Age of Comics.
Sue Richards received her powers after being exposed to a cosmic storm. Her primary power deals with light waves, allowing her to render herself and others invisible. She can also project powerful fields of invisible psionic energy which she uses for a variety of offensive and defensive effects. Richards plays a central role in the lives of her hot-headed younger brother Johnny Storm, her brilliant husband Reed Richards, her close friend Ben Grimm, and her children (Franklin and Valeria).
An object of infatuation for Doctor Doom and, most notably, Namor the Sub-Mariner, Sue's passive invisibility power translated into her frequent deployment as a damsel in distress during the team's early adventures. Upon developing the ability to project powerful fields of energy, Sue Storm became a more powerful member of the Fantastic Four, and the team's second-in-command with a growing assertive confidence. While Sue operated somewhat in the shadow of her brother and her husband in the early years, she is now the soul of the Fantastic Four and one of the primary heroes in the Marvel Universe.
The Invisible Woman was portrayed by Rebecca Staab in the 1994 film The Fantastic Four, Jessica Alba in the 2005 film Fantastic Four, and its 2007 sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, and Kate Mara in the 2015 film Fantastic Four.
Contents
[hide]
1 Publication history
2 Fictional character biography
2.1 Invisible Girl
2.2 Invisible Woman
2.3 Sue, the Human Torch
2.4 Anti-registration movement
2.5 World War Hulk
2.6 Death
2.7 Secret Invasion: Fantastic Four
2.8 Future Foundation
2.9 Secret Wars
3 Powers and abilities
4 Other versions
5 In other media
5.1 Television
5.2 Film
5.3 Video games
6 In popular culture
7 Reception
8 References
9 External links
Publication history[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2008)
Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961).
Stan Lee did not want Sue to have super strength, "to be Wonder Woman and punch people", so eventually he came to invisibility, inspired by works such as The Invisible Man.[1] His original two-page plot summary for the first issue of The Fantastic Four, reprinted in the Marvel Masterworks edition of the first ten issues, handled Susan's powers similarly to the Universal Pictures's "Invisible" series, which required her to take off her clothes, but noting concern that that might be "too sexy" for a comic book.[2] Sue was initially presented as the sole reason for Ben Grimm, a bad guy, remaining on the group, which was significantly toned down in the published series.[citation needed]
Invisible Woman has primarily appeared in issues of Fantastic Four. Susan's initial power of invisibility proved to be of minor consequence in the team's early missions, especially compared to the abilities of the others in the group. In issue 22 (January, 1964), the creators expanded Sue's abilities, giving her the power to render other objects and people invisible and create strong force fields and psionic blasts. Despite her enhanced abilities, Susan served primarily as an assistant and second-in-command to Reed in the early years of the series. This changed when John Byrne began his run on the title. Under his authorship, Sue became more confident and assertive in her abilities which became more versatile and impressive. For instance, she found she could use her force field abilities to manipulate matter through the air, immobilize enemies, or administer long-range attacks. Susan changed her nom de guerre to Invisible Woman, and is now recognized as one of the more powerful characters in the Marvel Universe.[3][4]
Fictional character biography[edit]
As detailed in The Marvel Saga: Official History of The Marvel Universe #16, Susan Storm, and her younger brother, Jonathan grew up in the town of Glenville, Long Island, children of a physician named Franklin Storm and a woman named Mary. The parents left their kids alone one night to travel to a dinner honoring Dr. Storm. On the way, a tire blew out but only Mary was injured. Franklin escaped injury and insisted on operating on his wife. He was unable to save her and she died. After his wife's death, Dr. Franklin Storm became a gambler and a drunk, losing his medical practice, which led him to the accidental killing of a loan shark. Franklin did not defend himself in court, because he still felt guilty over Mary's death. With their father in prison, Susan had to become a mother figure for her younger brother.
While living with her aunt, Susan, at the young age of 17, met her future husband, Reed Richards, a house guest who was attending college. When she graduated from high school as the award-winning captain of her Girls' Varsity Swim Team, she moved to California to attend college, where she pursued an acting career and encountered Richards again. They began to become romantically involved with each other.
Reed Richards, working in the field of aerospace engineering, was designing a spacecraft for interstellar travel. Everything was going well until the government stopped the funding of his project. Richards, wanting to see his project through, decided to make an unscheduled test flight. Originally, it was only going to be Reed and his best friend, Ben Grimm, involved, but Susan was instrumental in persuading Reed in letting her brother and herself join them on the dangerous space mission. In space, the quartet was exposed to massive amounts of cosmic radiation. As a result, they had to abort the mission and return to Earth. After the crash landing, they realized that they gained superhuman powers; hers was the ability to become invisible at will. Realizing the potential use of their abilities, the four of them became the Fantastic Four, for the benefit of mankind.[5] Susan adopted the code name Invisible Girl.[5]
Invisible Girl[edit]
One of the Sub-Mariner's many attempts to win Sue's affections. Art by Jack Kirby.
As the Fantastic Four, the team set up their first headquarters in the Baxter Building in Manhattan. The Fantastic Four encounter many villains in the early part of their career, but none of them contend for Susan's affections more than Namor the Sub-Mariner. Sue feels an amount of attraction to Namor, but her heart belongs with Reed,[6] a situation that has been called the Marvel Universe's first love triangle.[7]
Initially, her powers are limited to making herself invisible. However, before long Sue discovers she can make other things invisible as well as create force fields of invisible energy.[8] After Susan is injured in battle with the Mole Man, her father escapes from prison and operates on her to save her life. Franklin makes amends with his children before returning to prison; however, the Super-Skrull finds a way to kidnap Dr. Storm, mimic his appearance, and then fight the Fantastic Four as the Invincible Man. In the process of defeating the Super-Skrull, Dr. Storm sacrifices his own life to protect the Fantastic Four from a Skrull booby trap.
Reed and Sue's relationship progresses, with the two of them deciding to get married. The wedding is the event of the century, with several of New York City's preeminent superheroes in attendance.[9] Not long after that, Sue and the Fantastic Four encounter Galactus and the Silver Surfer.[10] Sue later becomes pregnant with her first child.[11] As a result, she takes time off as an active member of the team. Johnny's girlfriend, the Inhuman elementalist Crystal, joins the team, taking over Susan's roster spot.[12][13]
Susan's cosmic ray irradiated blood cells serve as an obstacle for her in carrying the unborn child to term. Knowing this, Reed, Johnny, and Ben journey into the Negative Zone to acquire the Cosmic Control Rod from Annihilus. Effectively utilizing the device, the baby is safely delivered and is named Franklin, in memory of Susan and Johnny's father.[14] Due to the genetically altered structure of his parents, Franklin is a mutant, possessing vast powers. Seeking to use the boy's talents for his own sadistic purposes, Annihilus triggers a premature full release of Franklin's latent abilities, which were already in the process of gradual emergence. Fearing that his son could release enough psionic energy to eliminate all life on Earth, Reed shuts down Franklin's mind. Angry with Reed for not seeking her input in the matter, Susan leaves the Fantastic Four and has a marital separation from Reed.[15] Medusa of the Inhumans takes her roster spot. With the help of Namor, Susan reconciles with Reed and returns to the Fantastic Four accompanied by Franklin.[16]
Invisible Woman[edit]
Sue possessed by Malice. Art by John Byrne.
Susan eventually becomes pregnant for a second time. However, this second child is stillborn due to Susan having been exposed to radiation inside the Negative Zone.[17] A depressed Susan is manipulated by Psycho-Man into becoming Malice. As Malice, Susan attacks her friends and family in the Fantastic Four, utilizing her abilities at power levels she had never displayed previously. Reed saves Susan by forcing her to hate him legitimately.[18] Susan (off-panel) does something to Psycho-Man, causing him to let out a terrifying scream.[19] After she rejoins her teammates, Susan states that Psycho-Man will never hurt anyone ever again. Susan is profoundly affected by the entire episode, and changes her code name from "Invisible Girl" to "Invisible Woman".[20] Along with Reed, she briefly leaves the Fantastic Four[21] and joins the Avengers.[22] The two of them rejoin the Fantastic Four before long.[23]
During the Infinity War, Susan faces off against Malice, who has reemerged in her subconscious. Susan absorbs Malice into her own consciousness. Subsequently, Susan's personality is influenced by Malice, causing her to become more aggressive in battle, even creating invisible razor-like force fields she uses to slice enemies. Her son Franklin, who has traveled forward and back in time, becomes the adult hero Psi-Lord, frees his mother, and absorbs the influence of Malice into himself. He eventually defeats Malice by projecting her into the mind of the Dark Raider, an insane alternate universe counterpart of Reed Richards who later dies in the Negative Zone.
After the apparent death of Reed, Susan becomes a capable leader. Susan keeps searching for Reed, feeling he is still alive, despite romantic advances from her old flame, Namor the Sub-Mariner. The Fantastic Four eventually rescue the time-displaced Reed, who finds himself temporarily losing confidence in his leadership skills, since Susan is also a capable leader.
Following their return to their Earth of origin, the Fantastic Four encounter Valeria von Doom. This new Marvel Girl came from an alternate future, where she was the child of Susan and Doctor Doom. Susan eventually comes to accept the young girl as a friend. During a conflict with Abraxas, Franklin reveals that he used his abilities to save Susan's original stillborn child and place it in another alternate future. After the ordeal involving Abraxas, Marvel Girl is restored to a baby again inside Susan's womb. Susan again has a difficult birthing. Due to the help of Doctor Doom, Susan gives birth to a healthy baby girl, which Doom names Valeria, his price for helping Sue. Doom places a spell on the baby, which makes her his familiar spirit, to be used against the Fantastic Four. The Fantastic Four wrestle Valeria free from Doom's control and defeat him.
Sue, the Human Torch[edit]
Zius, leader of a group of Galactus refugees, kidnaps Susan. His intent was to use her powers to hide planets from Galactus. Reed finds a way to fool Zius, by switching Susan and Johnny's powers. Susan assists in an adventure where Johnny becomes a herald of Galactus. Wielding a cosmic version of her powers, Johnny is able to see through people to the very cores of their personality.
Both Sue and Johnny gain a newfound respect for each other and how they deal with their powers. Soon, Reed tries to switch the powers back. The entire FF's powers are granted to four random civilians before being restored to their rightful wielders.
This parallels an earlier torture by Doom, where Sue was given an extremely painful version of Johnny's pyrokinetic ability.
Anti-registration movement[edit]
During the 2006-07 storyline "Civil War", which takes place in the aftermath of an explosion in a residential neighborhood in Stamford, Connecticut, and prompting calls for the government to register people with superhuman abilities, Sue's brother Johnny is beaten up by locals angered by his celebrity superhero status. Although Sue is initially part of the pro-registration side supporting the Superhuman Registration Act, she defects after the Thor clone, created by her husband Mister Fantastic and Tony Stark, kills Bill Foster. Sue leaves the Baxter Building, informing Reed via a note that their children are in his care, as she intends to join Captain America's underground resistance force. Her final injunction to her husband is a heartfelt request: "Please fix this."
The Storm siblings narrowly escape a team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents bent on capturing them in Civil War #5. The two further elude detection by operating under fake husband and wife identities provided by Nick Fury, becoming members of Captain America's Secret Avengers. Before storming the Negative Zone prison, Sue visits Namor to plead for assistance. He refuses and indicates she is still attracted to him, an accusation she does not deny.
During the final battle depicted in Civil War #7, as Susan is nearly shot by Taskmaster, but Reed Richards jumps in front of her and takes the brunt of the attack, sustaining a major injury. Outraged, Susan beats Taskmaster into the ground. Following the end of the war, Susan helps with the clean-up of New York City. She and the other Secret Avengers are granted amnesty, and she returns home to Reed. Seeking to repair the damage done to their marriage as a result of the war, Sue and Reed take time off from the Fantastic Four, but ask Storm and the Black Panther to take their places in the meantime.
World War Hulk[edit]
In the second issue of World War Hulk, the Fantastic Four confront the Hulk. Reed has designed a machine that recreates the Sentry's aura. The Hulk, only momentarily calmed, discovers the ruse. Sue deploys her force fields to defend Reed against the Hulk, who shatters her protective fields with such force that she collapses, leaving Reed vulnerable. Reed suffers a vicious beating at the hands of the Hulk; Sue telephones the Sentry for help.[24]
The Hulk transforms Madison Square Garden into a gladiatorial arena. Sue and the other defeated heroes are held captive in a lower level. The heroes are outfitted with the same obedience disks that were used to suppress the Hulk's powers and force him to fight his companions on Sakaar.[25]
Death[edit]
Some time after World War Hulk, but before Secret Invasion, the Richards family has hired a new nanny for their kids, Tabitha Deneuve. At the same time, a mysterious new group, calling themselves the New Defenders, commits robberies, and one of their members, Psionics, starts a relationship with Johnny. After a bad break-up, Johnny is kidnapped by the Defenders, along with Doctor Doom and Galactus, to power a massive machine that is designed to apparently save the people of the future 500 years from now, a plan orchestrated by Tabitha, who is revealed to be Susan Richards from 500 years in the future. Eventually, the present Fantastic Four are able to save both the present Earth and the future Earth by sending the future inhabitants to the Earth Trust's private duplicate Nu-Earth, but after freeing Doctor Doom, the future Sue goes to apologize to him and is electrocuted by Doom.[26]
Secret Invasion: Fantastic Four[edit]
While Susan is on a lecture tour in Vancouver, British Columbia, a Skrull posing as Mister Fantastic ambushes her, applying pressure to her skull with an invisible force field and knocking her unconscious. Then, a Skrull infiltrates the Baxter Building disguised as Susan and opens a portal into the Negative Zone, forcing the top three floors of the building into the Negative Zone, and in turn trapping herself, Johnny, Ben, and the two Richards children there. The Skrull impersonating her is later revealed to be Johnny's ex-wife Lyja,[27] who once infiltrated the Fantastic Four by impersonating Ben Grimm's love interest Alicia Masters.[28] The real Susan Richards is recovered alive from a downed Skrull ship after the final battle of the invasion.[29]
Future Foundation[edit]
Reed started the Future Foundation for the benefit of the world and for science.[30] When the Human Torch died, the Fantastic Four was dissolved and Sue's heroic exploits were moved entirely under the banner of the Future Foundation.[volume & issue needed] It is later revealed that Johnny was revived and is still alive.[31]
Secret Wars[edit]
Sue and the rest of the Fantastic Four create a life raft that will save them from the coming death of the universe. However, right before the final incursion between their universe and the Ultimate Universe, Sue's part of the ship becomes separated. Reed and Black Panther plan to get her ship back, with Sue holding her part together with her force field. However, the death of the universe proves too much, even for her, and she, Ben, and her children die at the hands of Oblivion, with Reed screaming in agony at the death of his wife and children. Captain Marvel tells him they need to go, and they leave Sue's destroyed part of the ship behind.[32]
When Molecule Man transfers his power to Reed, Reed used it to resurrect his family including Sue, and they began to rebuild the entire Multiverse.[33]
Powers and abilities[edit]
As the Invisible Woman, Susan can render herself wholly or partially invisible at will. She can also render other people or objects invisible, affecting up to forty thousand cubic feet of volume. She achieves these feats by mentally bending all wavelengths of light in the vicinity around herself or the target in question, and she does this without causing any visible distortion effects; she also directs enough undistorted light to her eyes to retain her full range of vision while invisible. She can also use her powers to turn objects of similar size that are invisible by other means visible. Sue can also mentally generate a psionic field of invisible force apparently drawn from hyperspace, which she manipulates for a variety of effects. Most commonly, Sue generates near-indestructible invisible force fields around herself or other targets. She can vary the texture and tensile strength of her field to some extent, rendering it highly rigid or as soft and yielding as foam; softer variations on the field enable her to cushion impacts more gently, and are less likely to result in a psionic backlash against Sue herself (in rare cases, sufficiently powerful attacks on her psionic fields can cause her mental or physical pain). She is also able to make her shields opaque or translucent like Milk glass to effectively block variations of light such as laser-beams, or make them semipermeable to filter oxygen from water though the latter is mentally taxing.
Sue can shape her psionic force fields into invisible constructs, usually simple shapes such as barriers, columns, cones, cylinders, darts, discs, domes, platforms, rams, ramps, slides and spheres. By generating additional force behind her psionic constructs, Sue can turn them into offensive weapons, ranging from massive invisible battering rams to small projectiles such as spheres and darts. She can generate solid force constructs as small as a marble or as large as 100 feet (30 m) in diameter, and her hollow projections such as domes can extend up to several miles in area. By forming one of her force fields within an object and expanding the field, Sue can cause her target to explode. She can also travel atop animated constructs such as ramps, stairs, slides, columns and stepping discs, enabling her to fly. She can manipulate the energy of her force fields around other objects to simulate telekinetic abilities. It has been said on numerous occasions, including by the Fantastic Four's greatest opponent, Doctor Doom, that Sue is the single-most powerful member of the quartet and she is one of the few beings able to rupture the shell of a Celestial.[34] She is capable of generating and manipulating multiple force fields simultaneously. This power is only limited by her concentration; once she stops concentrating on a field, it simply ceases to exist.[citation needed]
Susan is also a competent hand-to-hand combatant and martial artist, having been trained by Iron Fist,[35] and having received additional coaching from both the Thing and She-Hulk. Her unparalleled sense of compassion makes her a natural-born leader, and she usually acts as the Fantastic Four's second-in-command, usually taking over complete leadership of the team during Mister Fantastic's absence.
Other versions[edit]
Main article: Alternative versions of Invisible Woman
In other media[edit]
Television[edit]
Invisible Woman appears in the 1967 Fantastic Four TV series voiced by Jo Ann Pflug.
Invisible Woman is in the 1978 Fantastic Four TV series voiced by Ginny Tyler.
Invisible Woman appeared in the 1994 Fantastic Four animated series, voiced by Lori Alan. Where she and Reed Richards are already married before they got their powers.
Invisible Woman appears toward the end of the 1994 Spider-Man TV series in the "Secret Wars" storyline, voiced by Gail Matthius. She and the Fantastic Four are among the heroes Spider-Man summons to a planet to help him against the villains the Beyonder brought there.
Invisible Woman appears in Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes, voiced by Lara Gilchrist. It is the first Fantastic Four cartoon not to have Reed and Susan married at the beginning of the series.
Invisible Woman appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Tara Strong.[36]
Invisible Woman appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Erin Torpey. She appears in a brief cameo appearance in the episode "The Man Who Stole Tomorrow". She later appears in the episode "The Private War of Doctor Doom" where she is friends with Wasp and both of them were captured by Doctor Doom's Doombots and taken to Latveria where they were placed in a machine. The Avengers and the other members of the Fantastic Four were able to save both of them. The scans from Doctor Doom's machine revealed that Invisible Woman is a Skrull in disguise. In the episode "Prisoner of War", the real Invisible Woman is found by Captain America on the Skrull's ship. Unlike the other prisoners, she is kept unconscious at all time because she is more powerful than the rest of them combined. After she is freed, she helps the others escape from the ship. In the episode "Secret Invasion," Invisible Woman saves the Baxter Building from her Skrull counterpart.
Invisible Woman appears in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episode "Monsters No More",[37] with Kari Wahlgren reprising her role from Lego Marvel Super Heroes.
Film[edit]
Sue Storm is portrayed by Rebecca Staab in the 1994 film adaptation The Fantastic Four. This film portrays Sue very much as she was in the original comics; shy, reserved and infatuated with Reed. The film concludes with Reed and Sue's marriage.
Jessica Alba as Invisible Woman in Fantastic Four (2005).
Sue Storm is portrayed by Jessica Alba in the 2005 film Fantastic Four. Sue, a brilliant scientist, leads Victor Von Doom's Department of Genetic Research. She is dating Von Doom at the beginning of the film. Immediately prior to the arrival of the cosmic storm which grants her the ability to manipulate light (allowing her to disappear and generate semi-visible force fields), Victor proposes to her: she turns him down. Unlike in other media, Sue was not able to render her normal clothes invisible which resulted in an embarrassing moment when Sue tried to disrobe to sneak through a crowd, only to reappear while still in her underwear. Although her powers are influenced by her emotions, she manages to control her abilities during the team's climactic battle with Von Doom. Sue accepts Richards' proposal of marriage at the end of the film. In the sequel, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, Sue Storm's wedding to Mister Fantastic is interrupted by the arrival of the Silver Surfer, who initially serves as a herald to the planet-consuming Galactus, but later decides to oppose Galactus' attack upon Earth because Sue reminds him of the woman he loved back on his homeworld. While attempting to shield the Silver Surfer with a force field, Sue is stabbed through the chest by a spear created by a cosmic-powered Doctor Doom, and she dies in Reed's arms. However, Silver Surfer uses his cosmic powers to heal and her. After the Surfer successfully fends off Galactus, Sue and Reed marry.
Kate Mara portrays Sue in the 2015 Fantastic Four film reboot, directed by Josh Trank.[38][39][40] In the film, Susan is Albanian from Kosovo, the adoptive daughter of Franklin Storm and adoptive sister of Johnny Storm.[41][42] After gaining her powers from Planet Zero, Susan develops invisibility and force field abilities. The scientists working alongside Franklin Storm were able to create a special suit to help Susan master her abilities. When Victor von Doom returns from Planet Zero and goes on a rampage trying to get back to Planet Zero, Susan is devastated when her adoptive father is killed by Victor. She later helps Reed, Ben, and Johnny defeat Victor.
Video games[edit]
Invisible Woman has appeared in numerous video games, usually accompanied by her brother and teammates. She is one of the most important members of her team in the 1997 video game, which was for the original PlayStation.
Invisible Woman the Fantastic Four video game voiced by Jessica Alba and her "classic" form is voiced by Grey DeLisle for bonus levels that can be unlocked in the first game.
Invisible Woman appears in the Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer video game voiced by Erin Matthews.
Invisible Woman has a cameo appearance in the Spider-Man game based on his 1990s animated series for Genesis and Super NES. By reaching certain levels of the game, she can be called a limited number of times for assistance. Here she makes SpiderMan temporarily invisible.
Invisible Woman appears as a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Danica McKellar. She can serve a variety of in-game roles as either a booster or buffer, unseen melee attacker, or a mid-to-long range fighter. Her classic, New Marvel, original and Ultimate costumes are available. She has special dialogue with Jean Grey, Black Bolt, Namor, Vision, and Uatu. A simulation disc has Invisible Woman fighting Radioactive Man on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier.[43]
Invisible Woman is a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 with Danica McKellar reprising her role. Her classic design is her default costume and her Ultimate design is her alternate costume.
Invisible Woman appears as a playable character in the Marvel Super Hero Squad video game and its sequel Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet with Tara Strong reprising the role.
Invisible Woman is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced by Grey DeLisle.
Invisible Woman is available as downloadable content for the game LittleBigPlanet, as part of "Marvel Costume Kit 3".[44][45]
Invisible Woman is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad: Comic Combat, voiced by Tara Strong.
Invisible Woman appeared in the virtual pinball game Fantastic Four for Pinball FX 2 released by Zen Studios.[46]
Invisible Woman is a playable character in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
Invisible Woman appears as a playable character in Marvel Heroes.[47] However, due to legal reasons, she was removed from the game on July 1, 2017.[48]
Invisible Woman appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes,[49] voiced by Kari Wahlgren.[citation needed]
In popular culture[edit]
In the Wildstorm series Planetary, written by Warren Ellis, the main adversaries of the eponymous team of superpowered investigators are an evil version of Marvel's Fantastic Four called The Four.[50] The Sue Storm analogue is Kim Suskind, who has exactly the same powers as the original, except that she has to wear a pair of goggles in order to see while invisible. The daughter of a Nazi scientist and lover of The Four's leader, Randall Dowling, Suskind destroys her opponents by rapidly expanding a force field inside their heads.[volume & issue needed]
Invisible Woman appeared in the Robot Chicken episode "Monstourage" voiced by Emmanuelle Chriqui. In the fight against Doctor Doom, she turned invisible only to be hit and dragged by a car. None of the other Fantastic Four members found out about this.
Rugrats introduced a parody character, Miss Invisible, in the episode "Mega Diaper Babies"; Lil also creates a similar superheroine form in the same episode, calling herself "Dotted-Line Girl".
In The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror XIV" segment titled "Stop the World, I want to Goof Off!", there is a moment where the family is turned into members of the Fantastic 4. Maggie is the Invisible Woman.
Pamela Anderson appears as the Invisible Girl in Superhero Movie, in which she has an affair with Professor X.
Reception[edit]
Invisible Woman was ranked as the 99th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine.[51] IGN also ranked the Invisible Woman as the 66th greatest comic book hero of all time stating that "the Fantastic Four are nothing if not a dysfunctional family, and they need someone to hold that family together. That someone tends to be Susan Richards",[52] and 40th in their list of "The Top 50 Avengers".[53] She was ranked 85th in Comics Buyer's Guide's "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.[54]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ McLaughlin, Jeff, ed. (2007). "Stan Lee Looks Back: The Comics Legend Recalls Life with Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko, and Heroes". Stan Lee: Conversations. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 179. ISBN 1578069858.
Jump up ^ Lee, Stan (2011). "Snopses"(sic) The Fantsiuc Four July '61 Schedule (#)". Marvel Firsts: The 1960s. Marvel Comics. pp. 484–485. ISBN 978-0785158646.
Jump up ^ History of the Fantastic Four Part Three
Jump up ^ The Empowerment of the Invisible Girl Archived 2013-11-25 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Fantastic Four #1
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #4
Jump up ^ Lantz, James Heath (September 2016). "Prince Namor the Sub-Mariner: Scion of the Deep or Royal Pain?". Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (91): 61.
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #22 "Return of the Moleman"
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four Annual #3
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #48-50
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four Annual #5
Jump up ^ "Invisible Woman - Marvel Universe: The definitive online source for Marvel super hero bios". Marvel.com. 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #83 - 100
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four Annual #6
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #130
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #149
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #267-268
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #280-281
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #283
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #284
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #304-307
Jump up ^ Avengers #300
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #326
Jump up ^ World War Hulk 2 (September 2007)
Jump up ^ World War Hulk 4-5 (November–December 2007)
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #560. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ Secret Invasion: Fantastic Four #1. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #357–358. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ Secret Invasion #8. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #579. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four #600. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ Secret Wars #1
Jump up ^ Avengers vol. 5 #37
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four vol. 1 #400
Jump up ^ Fantastic Four vol. 3 #6. Marvel Comics.
Jump up ^ "Comics Continuum". Comics Continuum. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
Jump up ^ "Monsters No More". Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Season 1. Episode 24. June 29, 2014. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Fox is Rebooting Fantastic Four". Superhero Hype. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
Jump up ^ "Comics Continuum by Rob Allstetter: Tuesday, September 1, 2009". Comicscontinuum.com. 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
Jump up ^ Kit, Boris. "Fox Chooses 'Fantastic Four' Reboot Stars".
Jump up ^ http://lajmi.net/kosova-ne-filmin-e-shume-pritur-fantastic-four-video/
Jump up ^ "Shqiptarët "krijuan" një super-heroinë: Sue Storm i "Fantastic Four" ka lindur në Kosovë!? (Video)". telegrafi.com. Telegrafi. September 10, 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Denick, Thom (2006). Marvel Ultimate Alliance: Signature Series Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana: Brady Games. pp. 30, 31. ISBN 0-7440-0844-1.
Jump up ^ "Marvel Costume Kit 3". Sony. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Invisible Woman - LittleBigPlanet™". Littlebigplanet.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-22. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
Jump up ^ "Fantastic Four Pinball". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
Jump up ^ "Invisible Woman Has Joined Marvel Heroes!". MarvelHeroes.com. Gazillion Entertainment. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
Jump up ^ The Fantastic Four Characters Are Being Removed From Marvel Heroes
Jump up ^ Parsons, Arthur (April 18, 2013). "HULK Smash!!!!". LEGO. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Warren Ellis (w), John Cassady (a). "The Good Doctor" Planetary 5 (September 1999), DC Comics
Jump up ^ "Wizard's top 200 characters. External link consists of a forum site summing up the top 200 characters of Wizard Magazine since the real site that contains the list is broken". Wizard magazine. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Invisible Woman is number 66". IGN. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Top 50 Avengers". IGN. April 30, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Frankenhoff, Brent (2011). Comics Buyer's Guide Presents: 100 Sexiest Women in Comics. Krause Publications. p. 54. ISBN 1-4402-2988-0.
External links[edit]
Susan Storm on the Marvel Universe Character Bio Wiki
Ultimate Susan Storm on the Marvel Universe Character Bio Wiki
MDP: Susan Storm (Marvel Database Project)
Fantastic Four movie featurette - Sue Storm
Invisible Woman at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Invisible Woman at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016.
[show]
v
t
e
Jack Kirby
Bibliography
Marvel Comics
2001: A Space Odyssey
Adam Warlock
Amazing Adventures
Astonishing Tales
Avengers
Black Panther
Captain America
Devil Dinosaur
Doctor Druid
Eternals
Fantastic Four
Mister Fantastic
Invisible Woman
Human Torch
Thing
Galactus
Hank Pym
Hercules
Hulk
Inhumans
Black Bolt
Medusa
Karnak
Triton
Crystal
Lockjaw
Maximus
Iron Man
Jasper Sitwell
Journey into Mystery
Ka-Zar
Machine Man
Moon-Boy
Nick Fury
Peggy Carter
Sharon Carter
Silver Surfer
Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
Dum Dum Dugan
Gabe Jones
Izzy Cohen
Junior Juniper
Rebel Ralston
Happy Sam Sawyer
Tales of Suspense
Tales to Astonish
Thor
Uatu
Wasp
X-Men
Professor X
Cyclops
Marvel Girl
Beast
Angel
Iceman
Zabu
DC Comics
Atlas
Boy Commandos
Challengers of the Unknown
The Demon
Dingbats of Danger Street
Dubbilex
Forever People
Fourth World
Guardian
Kamandi
Kobra
Manhunter
Mister Miracle
Newsboy Legion
New Gods
OMAC
Project Cadmus
Sandman (Garrett Sanford)
Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen
Super Powers
Jed Walker
Other
Black Magic
Boys' Ranch
Captain 3-D
Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers
Destroyer Duck
The Double Life of Private Strong
Fighting American
The Fly
Jack Kirby's Galactic Bounty Hunters
The Kirbyverse
Secret City Saga
Silver Star
Sky Masters
Young Love
Young Romance
Television work
Goldie Gold and Action Jack
Mister T
Thundarr the Barbarian
Related articles
Kirby Krackle
Stan Lee
Joe Simon
Mainline Publications
Kirby: Genesis
Kirby: King of Comics
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Fantastic Four
Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
Original members
Mister Fantastic
Invisible Woman
Human Torch
Thing
Supporting cast
Agatha Harkness
H.E.R.B.I.E.
Hulk
Inhumans
Crystal
Medusa
Willie Lumpkin
Lyja
Alicia Masters
Namor
She-Hulk
Ms. Marvel/She-Thing
Silver Surfer
Spider-Man
Thundra
Frankie Raye
Nathaniel Richards
Franklin Richards
Valeria Richards
Franklin Storm
Uatu the Watcher
Wyatt Wingfoot
Yancy Street Gang
Villains
Air-Walker
Annihilus
Aron the Rogue Watcher
Awesome Android
Blastaar
Brute
Devos the Devastator
Diablo
Doctor Doom
Doombots
Dragon Man
Firelord
Frightful Four
Galactus
Impossible Man
Klaw
Kree
Ronan the Accuser
Mad Thinker
Maker
Maximus
Mole Man
Molecule Man
Nicholas Scratch
Occulus
Overmind
Psycho-Man
Puppet Master
Red Ghost
Salem's Seven
Skrulls
Dorrek VII
Paibok
Super-Skrull
Stardust
Terrax
Thanos
Trapster
Kristoff Vernard
Wizard
Locations
Baxter Building
Four Freedoms Plaza
Latveria
Negative Zone
Publications
Previous
Fantastic Four
Fantastic Force
Fantastic Four
FF
Marvel Knights 4
Marvel Two-in-One
Super-Villain Team-Up
The Thing
Limited
Fantastic Four: 1234
Fantastic Four: The End
Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four
Other
continuities
Doom 2099
Fantastic Five
Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules
Fantastic Four 2099
Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four
Superman/Fantastic Four
Ultimate Fantastic Four
Storylines
"The Galactus Trilogy"
"This Man... This Monster!"
"Days of Future Present"
Alternate versions
Mister Fantastic
Invisible Woman
Human Torch
The Thing
Doctor Doom
Related articles
Doctor Doom's Fearfall
Fantastic Four Incorporated
Fantastic Four in popular media
Fantasticar
Future Foundation
Spider-Man
List of Fantastic Four members
List of Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs
Unstable molecules
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invisible_Woman&oldid=842433289"
Categories:
American superheroes
Characters created by Jack Kirby
Characters created by Stan Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1961
Female characters in comics
Fictional actors
Fictional astronauts
Fictional characters from New York City
Fictional characters who can turn invisible
Fictional competitive swimmers
Fictional models
Fictional orphans
Fictional schoolteachers
Fictional telekinetics
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics martial artists
Marvel Comics mutates
Marvel Comics superheroes
Superhero film characters
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Character pop
Converting comics character infoboxes
Articles to be expanded from September 2008
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010
Comics articles needing issue citations
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013
Articles with Curlie links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Azərbaycanca
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Magyar
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
ไทย
Tiếng Việt
中文
11 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 May 2018, at 12:14.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Invisible_Woman_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Invisible Woman (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Invisible_Girl_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Invisible Girl (disambiguation)

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

value: i

value: td

values: width:22em;width: 24em; background: #f2f9ff;

values:
/wiki/Silver_Age_of_Comics
mw-redirect
Silver Age of Comics

values: Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Nom_de_guerre
mw-redirect
Nom de guerre

values: Edit section: Fictional character biography

values:
/wiki/High_school
mw-redirect
High school

values:
/wiki/Namor_the_Sub-Mariner
mw-redirect
Namor the Sub-Mariner

values: Alternative versions of Mister Fantastic

values:
/wiki/Valeria_von_Doom
mw-redirect
Valeria von Doom

values:
/wiki/Abraxas_(comics)
mw-redirect
Abraxas (comics)

values: Edit section: Anti-registration movement

values:
/wiki/Superhuman_Registration_Act
mw-redirect
Superhuman Registration Act

values: Edit section: Secret Invasion: Fantastic Four

values: This citation requires a reference to the specific volume in which the source appears. (April 2012)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)

values:
/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(1978_TV_series)
mw-redirect
Fantastic Four (1978 TV series)

values: Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (video game)

values: Spider-Man: The Animated Series (video game)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)

values:
/wiki/Four_(comics)
mw-redirect
Four (comics)

values: This citation requires a reference to the specific volume in which the source appears. (July 2010)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ign.com/top/avengers/40

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://toonopedia.com/inviswom.htm

values: Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers

values:
/wiki/The_Double_Life_of_Private_Strong
mw-redirect
The Double Life of Private Strong

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_The_End
mw-redirect
Fantastic Four: The End

values:
/wiki/Superman/Fantastic_Four
mw-redirect
Superman/Fantastic Four

values: Template:Fantastic Four in popular media

values: List of Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs

values:
/wiki/Unstable_molecules
mw-redirect
Unstable molecules

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Characters created by Jack Kirby

values: Category:Comics characters introduced in 1961

values: Category:Fictional characters from New York City

values: Category:Fictional characters who can turn invisible

values: Category:Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Converting comics character infoboxes

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from September 2008

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010

values: Category:Comics articles needing issue citations

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Invisible_Woman
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: زن نامرئی – Persian

values: 인비저블우먼 – Korean

values: האישה הבלתי-נראית – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: უჩინარი ქალი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: Mulher Invisível (Marvel Comics) – Portuguese

values: Невидимая леди – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: สาวน้อยพลังล่องหน – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Invisible_Woman rootpage-Invisible_Woman skin-vector action-view


text:
The Making of the English Working Class
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Making of the English Working Class
First paperback edition, featuring a detail from a 19th century aquatint by R. D. Havell. In the background John Blenkinsop's locomotive can be seen.
Author
E. P. Thompson
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Subject
Labour history
Social history
Publisher
Victor Gollancz Ltd
Vintage Books
Publication date
1963, 1968, 1980 (rev. ed.)
Media type
Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
Pages
848 pp.
ISBN
0-14-013603-7
OCLC
29894851
The Making of the English Working Class[1] is an influential and pivotal work of English social history, written by E. P. Thompson, a notable 'New Left' historian; it was published in 1963 (revised 1968) by Victor Gollancz Ltd, and later republished at Pelican, becoming an early Open University Set Book. It concentrates on English artisan and working class society "in its formative years 1780 to 1832."
The work was on the 30th place on the Modern Library Board's 100 Best Nonfiction books of the 20th century.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Notes
3 References
4 External links
Overview[edit]
Its tone is captured by the oft-quoted line from the preface:
"I am seeking to rescue the poor stockinger, the Luddite cropper, the "obsolete" hand-loom weaver, the "utopian" artisan, and even the deluded follower of Joanna Southcott, from the enormous condescension of posterity." (Thompson, 1980: 12)
Thompson attempts to add a humanist element to social history, being critical of those who turn the people of the working class into an inhuman statistical bloc. These people were not just the victims of history: Thompson displays them as being in control of their own making. ("The working class made itself as much as it was made.") He also discusses the popular movements that are oft forgotten in history, such as obscure Jacobin societies like the London Corresponding Society. Thompson makes great effort to recreate the life-experience of the working class(es), which is what often marks it out as such an extremely influential work.
Thompson uses the term "working class" rather than "classes" throughout, to emphasize the growth of a working-class consciousness. He claims in the Preface that "in the years between 1780 and 1832 most English working people came to feel an identity of interests as between themselves, and as against other men whose interests are different from (and usually opposed to) theirs." (Thompson, 1980: 11)
Thompson's re-evaluation of the Luddite movement, and his (unsympathetic) treatment of the influence of the early Methodist movement on working class aspirations are also particularly memorable. (Thompson's parents were Methodist missionaries.)
Thompson's theories on working-class consciousness are at the core of this writing, and their agency was manifested by way of the core English working-class values of solidarity, collectivism, mutuality, political radicalism and Methodism. Thompson wished to disassociate Marxism from Stalinism and his injection of humanistic principles in this book was his way of steering the Left towards democratic socialism as opposed to totalitarianism.[3]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Thompson, E. P. (1991). The Making of the English Working Class. Toronto: Penguin Books. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-14-013603-6.
Jump up ^ Modern Library, 1999. 100 Best Nonfiction
Jump up ^ Thompson, E. P. (1991). The Making of the English Working Class. Toronto: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013603-6.
References[edit]
Prall, S. E. (1976). Thompson, E. P. (Author of work under review). "Review: Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act". History: Reviews of New Books. 4 (10): 225. doi:10.1080/03612759.1976.9945576.
External links[edit]
The Making of the English Working Class at Penguin Books.
The Making of the English Working Class at Google Books
The Making of the English Working Class - E.P. Thompson | libcom.org
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class&oldid=740200022"
Categories:
1963 books
1968 books
20th-century history books
Books about the Industrial Revolution
History books about England
Books about England
Books about labor history
Methodism in England
Marxist books
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
Working class in the United Kingdom
Hidden categories:
Pages to import images to Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Português
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 September 2016, at 17:35.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

values: The Making of the English Working Class.gif

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29894851

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Books about the Industrial Revolution

values: Category:Working class in the United Kingdom

values: Category:Pages to import images to Wikidata

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Die Entstehung der englischen Arbeiterklasse – German

values: ਦ ਮੇਕਿੰਗ ਆਫ਼ ਇੰਗਲਿਸ਼ ਵਰਕਿੰਗ ਕਲਾਸ – Punjabi

values: A Formação da Classe Operária Inglesa – Portuguese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class rootpage-The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view