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Geography of Cyprus
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Cyprus
Κύπρος (Greek)
Kıbrıs (Turkish)
Satellite image of Cyprus in 2013
Geography
Location
Mediterranean Sea
Coordinates
35°N 33°E / 35°N 33°E / 35; 33Coordinates: 35°N 33°E / 35°N 33°E / 35; 33
Largest city
Nicosia
Area
9,251 km2 (3,572 sq mi)
Coastline
648 km (402.6 mi)
Highest elevation
1,952 m (6,404 ft)
Highest point
Mount Olympus
Administration
Republic of Cyprus
Capital and largest city
Nicosia
Area covered
8,997 km2 (3,474 sq mi; 7001973000000000000♠97.3%)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
(de facto northern administration)
Capital and largest city
North Nicosia
Area covered
3,355 km2 (1,295 sq mi; 7001363009999900000♠36.3%)
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK)
Capital and largest settlement
Episkopi Cantonment
Area covered
254 km2 (98 sq mi; 7000270000000000000♠2.7%)
Demographics
Population
788,457 (2007)
Pop. density
85 /km2 (220 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups
Greek Cypriots; Turkish Cypriots; Armenian Cypriots; Maronite Cypriots
Cyprus is an island in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean (after the Italian islands of Sicily and Sardinia) and the world's 81st largest island by area. It is located south of Asia Minor, the Anatolian peninsula of the Asian (or Eurasian) mainland (part of Turkey), so it may be included in Western Asia[1] or the Middle East:[2] Cyprus is close to Southern Europe, and Northern Africa, and has had lengthy periods of mainly Greek and intermittent Anatolian, Levantine, Byzantine, Turkish, and Western European influence.
The island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the Troodos Mountains and the Kyrenia Mountains or Pentadaktylos, and the central plain, the Mesaoria, between them. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The narrow Kyrenia Range extends along the northern coastline. It is not as high as the Troodos Mountains, and it occupies substantially less area. The two mountain ranges run generally parallel to the Taurus Mountains on the Turkish mainland, the outlines of which are visible from northern Cyprus. Coastal lowlands, varying in width, surround the island.
Geopolitically, the island is divided into four segments. The Republic of Cyprus, the only internationally recognized government, occupies the southern 60% of the island, and has been a member state of the European Union since 1 May 2004. The "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", is diplomatically recognized only by Turkey, occupies the northern one-third of the island, around 36%of the territory. The United Nations-controlled Green Line is a buffer zone that separates the two and it is about 4%. Lastly, two areas—Akrotiri and Dhekelia—remain under British sovereignty for military purposes, collectively forming the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (SBA). The SBAs are located on the southern coast of the island and together encompass 254 km2, or 2.8% of the island.
Contents
[hide]
1 Terrain
2 Drainage
3 Natural vegetation
4 Climate
5 Area and boundaries
6 Resource and land use
7 Environmental concerns
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Additional references
Terrain[edit]
Skiriotissa mine
This image, photographed from the International Space Station in 2013, shows the three distinct geologic regions of the island. In the central and western part of the island is the Troodos Massif, a mountain range whose surface layer is mostly basaltic lava rock, and whose maximum elevation is 1,952 metres (6,404 ft). Running in a thin arc along the northeast margin of the island is Cyprus's second mountain range, a limestone formation called the Kyrenia Range. The space between these ranges is home to the capital Nicosia, visible as a grayish-brown patch near the image's center.
Topography
The rugged Troodos Mountains, whose principal range stretches from Pomos Point in the northwest almost to Larnaca Bay on the east, are the single most conspicuous feature of the landscape. Intensive uplifting and folding in the formative period left the area highly fragmented, so that subordinate ranges and spurs veer off at many angles, their slopes incised by steep-sided valleys. In the southwest, the mountains descend in a series of stepped foothills to the coastal plain.
While the Troodos Mountains are a massif formed of molten igneous rock, the Kyrenia Range is a narrow limestone ridge that rises suddenly from the plains. Its easternmost extension becomes a series of foothills on the Karpass Peninsula. That peninsula points toward Asia Minor, to which Cyprus belongs geologically.
Even the highest peaks of the Kyrenia Range are hardly more than half the height of the great dome of the Troodos massif, Mount Olympus (1,952 m or 6,404 ft),[3] but their seemingly inaccessible, jagged slopes make them considerably more spectacular. British writer Lawrence Durrell, in Bitter Lemons, wrote of the Troodos as "an unlovely jumble of crags and heavyweight rocks" and of the Kyrenia Range as belonging to "the world of Gothic Europe, its lofty crags studded with crusader castles."
Rich copper deposits were discovered in antiquity on the slopes of the Troodos. The massive sulfide deposits formed as a part of an ophiolite complex at a spreading center under the Mediterranean Sea which was tectonically uplifted during the Pleistocene and emplaced in its current location.[4]
Drainage[edit]
In much of the island, access to a year-round supply of water is difficult. This is traditionally attributed to deforestation which damaged the island's drainage system through erosion, but Grove and Rackham question this view.[5] A network of winter rivers rises in the Troodos Mountains and flows out from them in all directions. The Yialias River and the Pedhieos River flow eastward across the Mesaoria into Famagusta Bay; the Serraghis River flows northwest through the Morphou plain. All of the island's rivers, however, are dry in the summer. An extensive system of dams and waterways has been constructed to bring water to farming areas.
The Mesaoria is the agricultural heartland of the island, but its productiveness for wheat and barley depends very much on winter rainfall; other crops are grown under irrigation. Little evidence remains that this broad, central plain, open to the sea at either end, was once covered with rich forests whose timber was coveted by ancient conquerors for their sailing vessels. The now-divided capital of the island, Nicosia, lies in the middle of this central plain.
Natural vegetation[edit]
Cyprus countryside on the way to Troodos Mountains during the summer
Despite its small size, Cyprus has a variety of natural vegetation. This includes forests of conifers and broadleaved trees such as Pinus brutia, cedar, cypresses and oaks. Ancient authors write that most of Cyprus, even Messaoria, was heavily forested, and there are still considerable forests on the Troodos and Kyrenia ranges, and locally at lower altitudes. About 17% of the whole island is classified as woodland. Where there is no forest, tall shrub communities of golden oak (Quercus alnifolia), strawberry tree (Arbutus andrachne), terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus), olive (Olea europaea), kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) and styrax (Styrax officinalis) are found, but such maquis is uncommon. Over most of the island untilled ground bears a grazed covering of garrigue, largely composed of low bushes of Cistus, Genista sphacelata, Calycotoime villosa, Lithospermum hispidulum, Phaganalon rupestre and, locally, Pistacia lentiscus. Where grazing is excessive this covering is soon reduced, and an impoverished batha remains, consisting principally of Thymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, and a few stunted herbs.
Climate[edit]
Main article: Climate of Cyprus
Sandstorm in the Levant, October 19, 2002
The Mediterranean climate, warm and rather dry, with rainfall mainly between November and March, favors agriculture. In general, the island experiences mild wet winters and dry hot summers. Variations in temperature and rainfall are governed by altitude and, to a lesser extent, distance from the coast. Hot, dry summers from mid-May to mid-September and rainy, rather changeable winters from November to mid-March are separated by short autumn and spring seasons.
Area and boundaries[edit]
Administrative map of Cyprus
Population map of the Republic of Cyprus
Population density map of the Republic of Cyprus
Municipalities and communities map of Cyprus
District map of Cyprus
Population distribution of Cyprus in 1960
Area:
total: 9,251 km² (of which 5,896 km2 (2,276 sq mi) are under the control of the Republic of Cyprus and of which 3,355 km2 (1,295 sq mi) are under the administration of the de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus)
land: 9,241 km²
water: 10 km²
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 648 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Olympus 1,952 m[3]
Resource and land use[edit]
Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Land use:
arable land: 9.90%
permanent crops: 3.24%
other: 86.86% (2012)
Irrigated land: 457.9 km² (2007)
Total renewable water resources: 0.78 km3 (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.18 km3/yr (10%/3%/86%)
per capital: 164.7 m3/yr (2009)
Environmental concerns[edit]
Natural hazards: moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Environment – current issues: water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization.
Environment – international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none
See also[edit]
Geology of Cyprus
List of Cyprus islets
List of dams and reservoirs in Cyprus
List of rivers of Cyprus
References[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cyprus (island).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geography of Cyprus.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/.
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook website https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html.
Official Cyprus Government Web Site
Embassy of Greece, USA – Cyprus: Geographical and Historical Background
Additional references[edit]
Jump up ^ http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#asia UN
Jump up ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html CIA World Factbook
^ Jump up to: a b "Country Profile: Climate". Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Washington D.C. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
Jump up ^ http://www.moa.gov.cy/moa/gsd/gsd.nsf/dmlTroodos_en/dmlTroodos_en?OpenDocument Cyprus Geologic Survey
Jump up ^ A.T. Grove, Oliver Rackham, The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History, Yale, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08443-9.
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Great Commandment
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with The Great Commission.
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Duplicated statements; confused grammar Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Great Commandment (or Greatest Commandment)[1] is a name used in the New Testament to describe the first of two commandments cited by Jesus in Matthew 22:35–40 and Mark 12:28–34. These two commandments are paraphrases taken from the Old Testament and are commonly seen as important to Jewish and Christian ethics.
In Mark, when asked "which is the great commandment in the law?", the Greek New Testament reports that Jesus answered, "Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God, The Lord is One; Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind",[2] before also referring to a second commandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself."[3] Most Christian denominations consider these two commandments the core of the Christian religion.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 New Testament accounts
1.1 Gospel of Matthew
1.2 Gospel of Mark
1.3 Gospel of Luke
2 Old Testament references
2.1 Deuteronomy and Leviticus
3 Love the Lord thy God
4 Love thy neighbour as thyself
5 See also
6 References
New Testament accounts[edit]
Gospel of Matthew[edit]
Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying, Master, which is the great commandment in the law? Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.
—  Matthew 22:35-40
Gospel of Mark[edit]
In the Gospel of Mark, the Shema is included:
And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all? And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment. And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
—  Mark 12:28-31
Gospel of Luke[edit]
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? He said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself. And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live.
—  Luke 10:25-28
Old Testament references[edit]
Deuteronomy and Leviticus[edit]
Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.
—  Deuteronomy 6:4-5
17[a] You must not hate your brother in your heart.
/ [17b] You must surely reprove your fellow citizen
/ [17c] so that you do not incur sin on account of him.
18[a] You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the children of your people,
/ [18b] but you must love your neighbor as yourself.
/ [18c] I am the LORD.
—  Leviticus 19:17-18
Love the Lord thy God[edit]
See also: Shema Yisrael and Love of God (Christianity)
Matthew Henry sums up the question of which is the great commandment,
It was a question disputed among the critics in the law. Some would have the law of circumcision to be the great commandment, others the law of the sabbath, others the law of sacrifices, according as they severally stood affected, and spent their zeal; now they would try what Christ said to this question, hoping to incense the people against him, if he should not answer according to the vulgar opinion; and if he should magnify one commandment, they would reflect on him as vilifying the rest.[5]
Adam Clarke, in his Commentary on the Bible, wrote,[6]
This is the first and great commandment - It is so,
In its antiquity, being as old as the world, and engraven originally on our very nature.
In dignity; as directly and immediately proceeding from and referring to God.
In excellence; being the commandment of the new covenant, and the very spirit of the Divine adoption.
In justice; because it alone renders to God his due, prefers him before all things, and secures to him his proper rank in relation to them.
In sufficiency; being in itself capable of making men holy in this life, and happy in the other.
In fruitfulness; because it is the root of all commandments, and the fulfilling of the law.
In virtue and efficacy; because by this alone God reigns in the heart of man, and man is united to God.
In extent; leaving nothing to the creature, which it does not refer to the Creator.
In necessity; being absolutely indispensable.
In duration; being ever to be continued on earth, and never to be discontinued in heaven.
"Thou shalt love the Lord thy God"[2] is explained to mean "Act in such a manner that God will be beloved by all His creatures."[7] Consequently, Israel, being, as the priest-people, enjoined like the Aaronite priest to sanctify the name of God and avoid whatever tends to desecrate it (Lev. xxii. 32), is not only obliged to give his life as witness or martyr for the maintenance of the true faith (see Isa. xliii. 12, μάρτυρες; and Pesik. 102b; Sifra, Emor, ix.), but so to conduct himself in every way as to prevent the name of God from being dishonored by non-Israelites.[8]
Twice every day the Jew recites the Shema Yisrael, which contains the words: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, with all thy soul, and with all thy might" (Deut. vi. 5). This verse is understood to enjoin him to willingly surrender life and fortune whenever the cause of God demands it, while it at the same time urges him to make God beloved by all his creatures through deeds of kindness, as Abraham did (Sifre, Deut. 32).[9]
Although only asked about the first commandment, Jesus included the second commandment in his answer – This double reference has given rise to differing views with regard to the relationship that exists between the two commandments, although typically "love thy God" is referred to as "the first and greatest commandment", with "love thy neighbour" being referred to as "the second great commandment".[10] It may simply reflect the "seven rules (Middot) of Hillel", in this case the first one, called Ḳal wa-ḥomer (Hebrew: קל וחומר).
Love thy neighbour as thyself[edit]
Main article: Golden Rule
When asked which is the greatest commandment, the Christian New Testament depicts Jesus paraphrasing the Torah: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind,"[2] before also paraphrasing a second passage; "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."[3] Most Christian denominations view these two commandments as, together, forming the core of the Christian religion.[4] The second passage is considered to be a form of the Golden Rule (circa 1300 BCE),.[11]
See also[edit]
Christianity portal
Bible portal
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Great Commandment
Christian–Jewish reconciliation
Christianity and Judaism
Judeo-Christian
Law of Christ
New Commandment
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Although most English versions of the Bible use the word "great", (from the Greek feminine μεγάλη big, great) a few versions change the word to "greatest". See multi-version comparison of Matthew 22:36.
^ Jump up to: a b c (Deuteronomy 6:4–9, Deuteronomy 11:13-21, Numbers 15:37–41)
^ Jump up to: a b (Leviticus 19:18)
^ Jump up to: a b Catholicity – LDS – GreatBibleStudy
Jump up ^ "Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible - Matthew 22". Mhcw.biblecommenter.com. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Jump up ^ Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible Adam Clarke 1831 Commentary on the Bible - Matthew 22
Jump up ^ Sifre, Deut. 32; Yoma 86a
Jump up ^ "Ethics". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Judaism". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Jump up ^ "catholicweb.com". Home.catholicweb.com. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
Jump up ^ Plaut, The Torah — A Modern Commentary; Union of American Hebrew Congregations, New York 1981; pp.892.
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Catholic virtue ethics
Great Commandment; "On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets." – Matthew 22:35-40
Cardinal virtues
Prudence (Prudentia)
Justice (Iustitia)
Fortitude (Fortitudo)
Temperance (Temperantia)
Sources: Plato
Republic, Book IV
Cicero
St Ambrose
St Augustine of Hippo
St Thomas Aquinas
CCC, 1805–1809
Theological virtues
Faith (Fides)
Hope (Spes)
Charity (Caritas)
Sources: Paul the Apostle
1 Corinthians 13
CCC, 1812–1829
Seven heavenly virtues
Chastity (Castitas)
Temperance (Temperantia)
Charity (Caritas)
Diligence (Industria)
Patience (Patientia)
Kindness (Humanitas)
Humility (Humilitas)
Source: Church Fathers
Seven deadly sins
Lust (Luxuria)
Gluttony (Gula)
Greed (Avaritia)
Sloth (Acedia)
Wrath (Ira)
Envy (Invidia)
Pride (Superbia)
Source: Prudentius, Psychomachia
People: Evagrius Ponticus
St John Cassian
Pope St Gregory I
Dante Alighieri
Peter Binsfeld
Related concepts
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Four last things
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List of kennings
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A kenning (Old Norse kenning [cʰɛnːiŋɡ], Modern Icelandic [cʰɛnːiŋk]) is a circumlocution, an ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech, used instead of an ordinary noun in Old Norse, Old English, and later Icelandic poetry.
This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Kennings for a particular character are listed in that character's article. For example, the Odin article links to a list of names of Odin, which include kennings. Only a few examples of Odin's kennings are given here. For a scholarly list of kennings see Meissner's Die Kenningar der Skalden (1921) or some editions of Snorri Sturluson's Skáldskaparmál
Source language abbreviations[edit]
OE – Old English
D – Danish
G – Germanic
Ic – Old Icelandic
N – Norse
ON – Old Norse
S – Swedish
List of Kennings[edit]
Primary Meaning
Kenning Translated
Original Kenning
Explanation
Source Language
Example
axe blood-ember N
battle spear-din N Snorri Sturluson Skaldskaparmal
blood Dead-Slave N
blood battle-sweat One reference for this kenning comes from the epic poem, Beowulf. As Beowulf is in fierce combat with Grendel's Mother, he makes mention of shedding much battle-sweat. N Beowulf
blood wound-sea svarraði sárgymir N Eyvindr Skillir Hákonarmál 7.
chieftain or king breaker of rings Alludes to a ruler breaking the golden rings upon his arm and using them to reward his followers. OE Beowulf
death sleep of the sword OE Beowulf
death flame-farewelled Implicitly honourable death N
fire bane of wood grand viðar ON Snorri Sturluson Skáldskaparmál 36
wife girl of the houses sól húsanna ON Snorri Sturluson Skáldskaparmál 36
gold seeds of the Fyris Wolds Fýrisvalla fræ Hrólf Kraki spread gold on the Fyris Wolds to distract the men of the Swedish king N Eyvindr Skáldaspillir Lausavísa 8
gold serpent's lair Serpents (and dragons) were reputed to lie upon gold in their nests N Skáldskaparmál
gold Sif's hair Derived from the story of when Loki cut off Sif's hair. In order to amend his crime, Loki had the dwarf Dvalin make new hair for Sif, a wig of gold that grew like normal hair. N Skáldskaparmál
gold Kraki's seed Hrólf Kraki spread gold on the Fyris Wolds to distract the men of the Swedish king. Can also be used to imply generosity; q.v. Hrólf Kraki N Skáldskaparmál
gold, sometimes amber Freyja's tears Derived from the story of when Freyja could not find Óðr, her husband, the tears she shed were gold, and the trees which her tears fell upon were transmuted into amber. N
honour mind's worth weorðmyndum OE Beowulf
hook bait-gallows Ic Flateyjarbok
kill enemies Feed the eagle Killing enemies left food for the eagles S Gripsholm Runestone
Loki wolf's father an allusion to Loki's fathering of Fenrir N Lokasenna
Loki father of the sea thread Loki was the father of Jörmungandr, the Midgard serpent N Þórsdrápa
mistletoe Baldr's bane The kenning derives from the story in which all plants and creatures swore never to harm Baldr save mistletoe, which, when it was overlooked, Loki used to bring about Baldr's death by tricking Hodur. N
Mjollnir, Thor's hammer Hrungnir's slayer Hrungnir was a giant whose head was smashed by a blow from Mjollnir N Lokasenna
Odin Lord of the gallows See the separate page List of names of Odin for more Odin kennings N
Odin Hanged god Odin hung on the Tree of Knowledge for nine days in order to gain wisdom. N
poetry Grímnir's lip-streams Grímnir is one of the names of Odin N Þórsdrápa
raven swan of blood ravens ate the dead at battlefields N
the sea whale-road hron-rād N,OE Beowulf 10: "In the end each clan on the outlying coasts beyond the whale-road had to yield to him and begin to pay tribute"
the sea sail road seġl-rād OE Beowulf 1429 b
the sea whale's way hwæl-weġ N,OE The Seafarer 63 a; Beowulf
serpent valley-trout N Skaldskaparmal
shield headland of swords sverða nesi There is a connection to the word "nesa" meaning subject to public ridicule/failure/shame, i.e. "the failure/shame of swords", not only "where the sword first hits/ headland of swords" Kennings can sometimes be a triple entendre. N þorbjörn Hornklofi: Glymdrápa 3
ship wave-swine unnsvín N
ship sea-steed gjálfr-marr N Hervararkviða 27; Skáldskaparmál
sky Ymir's skull Ymis haus N Arnórr jarlaskáld Magnúsdrápa 19
the sun heaven-candle heofon-candel OE Exodus 115 b
the sun heaven's jewel heofones ġim OE The Phoenix 183
the sun glory of elves álf röðull álf röðull (alfrodull), meaning "glory-of-elves" refers both to the chariot of the sun goddess Sól and to the rider (the sun herself). N Skírnismál Vafþrúðnismál
sword blood-worm N
sword icicle of blood N
sword wound-hoe ben-grefill N Egill Skallagrímsson: Höfuðlausn 8
sword leek of battle ímun-laukr N Eyvindr Skáldaspillir Lausavísa 8
Thor slayer of giants, basher of trolls felli fjörnets goða flugstalla felli fjörnets goða flugstalla is a compound kenning. Literally feller of the life webs (fjörnets) of the gods of the flight-edges, i.e. slayer of giants, life webs (fjörnets) is a kenning in its own right since it refers directly to the operations of the Norns in severing lives, flight-edges (flugstalla) being the high and dangerous places inhabited by eagles and hawks, i.e. the icy mountains of Jotunheim. N Þórsdrápa
Norse Mythology
war weather of weapons N Skaldskaparmal
warrior feeder of ravens grennir gunn-más "feeder of war-gull" = "feeder of raven" = "warrior" Ravens feed on dead bodies left after a battle. N Þorbjörn Hornklofi: Glymdrápa
warrior destroyers of eagle's hunger eyðendr arnar hungrs "destroyers of eagle's hunger" = "feeders of eagle" = "warrior" Eagles, also, feed on dead bodies left after a battle. N Þorbjörn Þakkaskáld: Erlingsdrápa 1
waves Ægir's daughters Ægir had nine daughters called billow maidens who were personifications of the waves. N
wind breaker of trees N
wolf Gunnr's horse Gunnr is a valkyrie S Rök Stone
wrist wolf's-joint úlfliðr An allusion to Tyr's loss of his hand when fettering the wolf Fenrir Ic Gylfaginning
References[edit]
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