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Ralph Brown
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Ralph Brown
Brown on 26 March 2009
Born
Ralph William John Brown
(1957-06-18) 18 June 1957 (age 61)
Cambridge, England, UK
Occupation
Actor, writer
Years active
1982–present
Spouse(s)
Jenny Jules (1992–present)
Ralph William John Brown[1] (born 18 June 1957)[1] is an English actor and writer, known for playing Danny the drug dealer in Withnail and I, the security guard Aaron (a.k.a. "85") in Alien 3, DJ Bob Silver in The Boat That Rocked, super-roadie Del Preston in Wayne's World 2, the pilot Ric Olié in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Henry Clinton in Turn: Washington's Spies. He won The Samuel Beckett Award for his first play Sanctuary written for Joint Stock Theatre Company in 1987, and the Raindance and Sapporo Film Festival awards for his first screenplay for the British film New Year's Day in 2001.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Films
2.2 Television
2.3 Theatre
3 Writing
4 Personal life
5 Filmography
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Brown was born in Cambridge, England, the son of Heather R. and John F. W. Brown. He lived in Portsmouth until the age of seven, then moved to East Sussex where he attended Lewes Priory School. He acquired a Bachelor of Law (LL.B) in 1979 from the London School of Economics and Political Science.
Career[edit]
Films[edit]
His film roles include Dil's on-off boyfriend Dave in the Academy Award-winning film The Crying Game, Danny the drug dealer in Withnail & I, Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs in Buster, roadie Del Preston in Wayne's World 2, teacher and rugby league player Phil in Up 'n' Under, prison guard captain Mr Burton in Mean Machine, Sgt Major Harris in the Paul Schrader film Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist, and CIA renegade Mr Collins alongside Wesley Snipes in The Contractor. In 1995, Brown appeared in Steven Spielberg's slavery epic Amistad. In 2007, he filmed Caught in the Act, an independent British film. Brown starred as DJ Bob Silver in The Boat That Rocked (2009), written and directed by Richard Curtis; Huge directed by Ben Miller (2009), The Kid (2010), directed by Nick Moran; Mission: London, a Bulgarian comedy directed by Dimitar Mitoviski which premiered in Sofia on 13 April 2010, and Sus (2010), written by Barrie Keeffe and directed by Robert Heath. He worked on the film Killing Bono (2010) and shot the feature film Dark Tide (2010) in Cape Town, opposite Halle Berry. He filmed I, Anna (2011) with Gabriel Byrne and Charlotte Rampling, then went on to work on Tower Block (2012) in London, Jack the Giant Slayer (2013) directed by Bryan Singer, and Stoker (2013) in Nashville, directed by Park Chan-wook. In 2016 he shot Final Score in West Ham United's recently abandoned Boleyn Ground with Dave Bautista, directed by Scott Mann.
Television[edit]
Among TV appearances, Brown appeared as PC Pete Muswell in The Bill from 1985 to 1986, appeared in Dennis Potter's Karaoke in 1995, portrayed Prince John in the BBC's adaptation of Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe in 1997, appeared as John Geddes in the ITV post-apocalyptic drama serial The Last Train, appeared as the moustachioed policeman Wintersgill in the Channel 4/Showtime series Cape Wrath, and did a memorable turn as shaven-headed gang-boss "Miami Vice" in the 2000 series Lock, Stock...The Series.
In 2005, he appeared in Coronation Street as Barney, roadie to Status Quo, and with Julia Davis in the cult TV sitcom Nighty Night as perverted new-age sex therapist Jacques. In 2007, he appeared in the final two episodes of Life on Mars as Frank Morgan, an interim DCI in 1973 sequences, and Sam's (John Simm's) surgeon in 2006 sequences.
Brown played Sarah Solemani's Dad in Him & Her, which began airing in 2010 and continued through 2014 for BBC Three comedy, winning a BAFTA for the final series The Wedding. In 2012, he worked on Inspector George Gently with Martin Shaw, The Poison Tree for ITV, and The Mimic for C4. In 2013, he worked on the aborted Marvin Gaye film Sexual Healing directed by Julian Temple, and the ABC series The Assets in Vilnius, Lithuania. In 2014, he shot Babylon for C4 and Elementary for CBS, followed by TURN: Washington's Spies for AMC, playing General Sir Henry Clinton leader of the redcoats. Brown returned for series 3 and 4 (2016-2017). He also played Johann Fennhoff a.k.a. Dr Faustus, in Agent Carter for Marvel, and guest lead on Blacklist.
In 2015 Brown was in all ten episodes of Legends with Sean Bean, with whom he had worked on Extremely Dangerous in the early 90s. In 2016-7 he returned to Prague with showrunner Ken Biller to shoot Genius: Einstein for Nat Geo which was premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2017. 2017 also saw the final five episodes of [AMC]]'s Turn in Richmond, Virginia.
In June 2016, Brown played the role of Bob Clay in the BBC film Reg.[2]
In September 2017 Brown travelled to Guadeloupe for a guest lead in the BBCtv show Death In Paradise.
In 2018, Brown was interviewed at length about his career, with particular focus on his time on The Bill, for an edition of The Bill Podcast[3]
Theatre[edit]
Early years were in Moving Parts Theatre Company with Rachel Feldberg, Ruth Mackenzie, Anita Lewton, Saffron Myers. John Godber adapted A Clockwork Orange for Man In The Moon, King's Road, then Brown appeared in West written & directed by Steven Berkoff at the Donmar for five months (also shot for C4). Followed by Theatre Upstairs "Panic", Joint Stock "Deadlines", The RSC "Earwig" by Paula Milne, and The Everyman in Liverpool playing the title role in Macbeth. Retired from the stage shortly thereafter, and returned briefly 20 years later at The Bush Theatre to play guitar in punk play The Dysfunkshonalz by writer Mike Packer.
Ralph Brown wrote the play Sanctuary for Joint Stock Theatre Company in 1987 which toured the UK and won the Samuel Beckett Award in 1987 for best first play.
The No-Neck Monsters Theatre Company brought the playwright and actor to Washington, D.C. from London to adapt his 1987 Samuel Beckett award-winning new play Sanctuary.[4] Re-written as a rap musical for the "No Necks", the show became a successful and controversial production capturing homelessness, runaways and crack hitting the streets of D.C. Scott Davenport Richards wrote the music for the rap musical and it was directed by Gwendolyn Wynne.[4] The first rap musical in the region The Washington Post, NPR, American Theatre Magazine and McNeil/Lehrer Newshour amongst others reported on the production.[5] The production was nominated for three Helen Hayes Awards:[6] Outstanding Resident Musical, Outstanding Lead Actress (Deidre L. Johnson) in a Resident Musical, and Outstanding Sound Design. Performers featured were Teagle F. Bougere, Erik Todd Dellums, Paul G. Griffin, Deidra L. Johnson, Helen Patton and Barbara Robinson
Writing[edit]
Brown has written two plays, both rap musicals : Sanctuary for Joint Stock Theatre Company (Samuel Beckett Award 1987), adapted for the stage in Washington D.C. as Sanctuary D.C. produced by No-Neck Monsters Theatre Company (3 nominations for Helen Hayes Award 1988). The 2nd play The House That Crack Built has never been produced.
Brown wrote the screenplay for the film New Year's Day directed by Suri Krishnamma in 1999, released in 2001 after screening at Sundance Film Festival and winning Raindance Film Festival award in 2001 and Sapporo Film Festival in the same year.
Brown also wrote the screenplays for the abandoned films Red Light Runners, High Times and In God's Footsteps.
Brown writes a regular musical autobiographical blog under the nom-de-plume magicmenagerie entitled My Pop Life

Personal life[edit]
Brown has been married to actress Jenny Jules since 1992.[1] He is a member of a Brighton-based Beach Boys tribute band, the Brighton Beach Boys.
Filmography[edit]
Film and television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1982 The Merry Wives of Windsor John TV Film
1984 The Hit Second Man
1985-1986 The Bill P.C. Muswell TV
1986 London's Burning: The Movie Second Policeman TV Film
1987 Withnail & I Danny
1988 Screenplay Insp. Drury TV
Buster Ronnie Biggs
Christabel Lange TV Film
1989 Scandal Paul Mann
Rules of Engagement Mick Rendall TV Mini-Series
Diamond Skulls also known as Dark Obsession Jack
1990 Mistress of Suspense TV
1991 4 Play Archie Heckle TV
Impromptu Eugène Delacroix
The Pope Must Die Doctor
1992 Van der Valk Inspector Rep TV
Alien 3 Francis Aaron ("85")
The Crying Game Dave
Ruth Rendell Mysteries Peter Mullin TV
1993 Undercover Blues Leamington
Between the Lines D.A.C. John Convey TV
Wayne's World 2 Del Preston
1994 Don't Get Me Started Larry Swift
Requiem Apache Mick TV Film
1995 Devil's Advocate Demagio TV Film
1996 A Touch of Frost Captain Carlisle TV
Dalziel and Pascoe Sam Connon TV
Karaoke Peter Beasley TV
Cold Lazarus Peter Beasley TV
1997 The Place of the Dead Sgt Bob Mann TV Film
Ivanhoe Prince John TV Mini-Series
Jonathan Creek Roy Pilgrim TV
Amistad Lieutenant Gedley
1998 Up 'n' Under Phil
A Respectable Trade Dr. Hadley TV Mini-Series
1999 Peak Practice Stephen Westwood TV
The Last Train Jonathan Geddes TV
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Ric Olié
Cleopatra Guevarius TV Mini-Series
Extremely Dangerous Joe Connor TV
2000 Lexx Duke TV
New Year's Day Mr. Diamond
Lock, Stock... Miami Vice TV
2001 NCS: Manhunt Ray du Barriatte TV Film
The Grimleys Frankie Fate TV
Waking the Dead Mike Coleman TV
Last Run Simon
Mean Machine Burton
2002 NCS: Manhunt Ray du Barriatte TV
A Tribute to the Likely Lads Gary TV Film
The Final Curtain Timothy (Channel Controller)
2003 The Agency Andrei Kachan TV
I'll Be There Digger
2004 Exorcist: The Beginning Sergeant Major
Lawless Phil Howell TV Film
2005 Big Dippers Dave TV Film
Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist Sergeant Major
Puritan Mickey Conway
Stoned Gysin
Nighty Night Jacques TV
Spooks Paul Seymour TV
Coronation Street Barney TV
2006 Cattle Drive Truesdale TV
Eragon Psychic Twins Additional Scene
Modern Toss TV
2007 Cold Blood Bob Massum TV Film
Flood Mel's Dad
Life on Mars Frank Morgan TV
Straightheads Jamie
The Contractor Jeremy Collins Direct-to-Video Film
Cape Wrath Wintersgill TV
Nearly Famous Dominic Soloman TV
2008 Caught in the Act Joep
2009 The Boat That Rocked DJ Bob
2010 The Guards Sutton TV Film
Mission London Detective Collway
The Kid Gordon Peters
Sus Karn
Huge
Copelia Hathaway Short
2010–2013 Him & Her Nigel TV
2011 The Trigger Gamekeeper Short
Killing Bono Leo
Dark Tide Brady
2012 I, Anna George Stone
Tower Block Neville
2013 Stoker Sheriff Howard
Jack the Giant Slayer General Entin
2014 Elementary Tim Sherrington 2 episodes
2015 Agent Carter Dr. Fennhoff / Ivchenko 4 episodes
The Blacklist Roger Hobbs "The Longevity Initiative"
Legends Terrence Graves 10 episodes
Hard Tide Gaz
2016 Reg Bob Clay TV Movie
Genius : Einstein (TV series) Max Planck 6 episodes
2018 Death in Paradise (TV series) Charlie Blake S7E7
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Ralph Brown Biography (1957–)". filmreference.com.
Jump up ^ "BBC One: Reg". BBC Online. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
Jump up ^ https://soundcloud.com/thebillpodcast/17-ralphbrown
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Joe (December 6, 1988). "The Washington Post". "Sanctuary: Worthy but Unresolved".
Jump up ^ Greer, Ann (January 1, 1989). "American Theatre Magazine". "Rap Musical About D.C's Homeless, Ralph Brown's Sanctuary crosses the Atlantic".
Jump up ^ Brown, Joe (March 22, 1989). "The Washington Post". "Arena Top Hayes Nominee, Local Theater Awards Contenders Announced".
External links[edit]
Ralph Brown on IMDb
Ralph Brown's MySpace
representation : [1]
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
GND: 142299553
ISNI: 0000 0001 1499 6839
LCCN: n2008055480
VIAF: 162839893
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Brown&oldid=851909769"
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Popcorn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Popcorn (disambiguation).
Popcorn
Unpopped corn
Popped corn
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Zea
Species: Z. mays
Subspecies: Z. m. everta
Trinomial name
Zea mays everta
Popcorn, or pop corn, is a variety of corn kernel, which forcefully expands and puffs up when heated.
A popcorn kernel's strong hull contains the seed's hard, starchy endosperm with 14-20% moisture, which turns to steam as the kernel is heated. The pressure continues building until it exceeds the hull's ability to contain it. The kernel ruptures and forcefully expands, allowing the contents to expand, cool, and finally set in a popcorn puff 20 to 50 times the size of the original kernel.[1]
Some strains of corn (taxonomized as Zea mays) are cultivated specifically as popping corns. The Zea mays variety everta, a special kind of flint corn, is the most common of these.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Popping mechanism
3 Cooking methods
3.1 Expansion and yield
4 Terminology
5 Consumption
5.1 Nutritional value
5.2 Health risks
6 Other uses
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History[edit]
Corn was first domesticated 9,000 years ago in what is now Mexico.[2] Archaeologists discovered that people have known about popcorn for thousands of years. In Mexico, for example, remnants of popcorn have been found that date to around 3600 BC.[3]
Popping of the kernels was achieved by hand on the stovetop through the 19th century. Kernels were sold on the East Coast of the United States under names such as Pearls or Nonpareil. The term popped corn first appeared in John Russell Bartlett’s 1848 Dictionary of Americanisms.[4][5] Popcorn is an ingredient in Cracker Jack, and in the early years of the product, it was popped by hand.[4]
An early popcorn machine in a street cart, invented in the 1880s by Charles Cretors in Chicago.
Popcorn's accessibility increased rapidly in the 1890s with Charles Cretors' invention of the popcorn maker. Cretors, a Chicago candy store owner, created a number of steam powered machines for roasting nuts, and applied the technology to the corn kernels. By the turn of the century, Cretors had created and deployed street carts equipped with steam powered popcorn makers.[6]
During the Great Depression, popcorn was fairly inexpensive at 5–10 cents a bag and became popular. Thus, while other businesses failed, the popcorn business thrived and became a source of income for many struggling farmers, including the Redenbacher family, namesake of the famous popcorn brand. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, and Americans compensated by eating three times as much popcorn as they had before.[7] The snack was popular at theaters, much to the initial displeasure of many of the theater owners, who thought it distracted from the films. Their minds eventually changed, however, and in 1938 a Midwestern theater owner named Glen W. Dickson installed popcorn machines in the lobbies of his theaters. The venture was a financial success, and the trend soon spread.[4]
gangnaengi, traditional Korean popcorn
In 1970, Orville Redenbacher's namesake brand of popcorn was launched. In 1981, General Mills received the first patent for a microwave popcorn bag, with popcorn consumption seeing a sharp increase by tens of thousands of pounds in the years following.[6]
At least six localities (all in the Midwestern United States) claim to be the "Popcorn Capital of the World;": Ridgway, Illinois; Valparaiso, Indiana; Van Buren, Indiana; Schaller, Iowa; Marion, Ohio; and North Loup, Nebraska. According to the USDA, corn used for popcorn production is specifically planted for this purpose; most is grown in Nebraska and Indiana, with increasing area in Texas.[8][9] As the result of an elementary school project, popcorn became the official state snack food of Illinois.[10]
Popping mechanism[edit]
The sequence of a kernel popping
Each kernel of popcorn contains a certain amount of moisture and oil. Unlike most other grains, the outer hull of the popcorn kernel is both strong and impervious to moisture and the starch inside consists almost entirely of a hard type.[11]
As the oil and the water within the kernel are heated, they turn the moisture in the kernel into pressurized steam. Under these conditions, the starch inside the kernel gelatinizes, softens, and becomes pliable. The internal pressure of the entrapped steam continues to increase until the breaking point of the hull is reached: a pressure of approximately 135 psi (930 kPa)[11] and a temperature of 180 °C (356 °F). The hull thereupon ruptures rapidly and actually explodes, causing a sudden drop in pressure inside the kernel and a corresponding rapid expansion of the steam, which expands the starch and proteins of the endosperm into airy foam. As the foam rapidly cools, the starch and protein polymers set into the familiar crispy puff.[11] Special varieties are grown to give improved popping yield. Though the kernels of some wild types will pop, the cultivated strain is Zea mays everta, which is a special kind of flint corn.
Popcorn on the cob before shelling.
The heat/energy from a popcorn kettle is transferred into the oil, most commonly corn oil, which is a good heat conductor. "As the kernel begins to heat up, the water vapor inside of the kernel will also become very hot, increasing the pressure inside of the hull. Around 212°F (100°C) the internal water will expand into steam and create an outward force on the hull because of the increasing kinetic energy as the molecules begin to move faster and faster. The pressure is increasing as the temperature increases. Finally, the kernel will fracture once the pressure inside reaches 135 lbs/in^2. (Pressure is equal to average force / unit area)."[12] When water is converted from a liquid to a gas disorder increases, which is another way of saying entropy. This kinetic energy in the form of entropy is one of the forces that drives the popping of popcorn kernels.
Cooking methods[edit]
An in-home hot-air popcorn maker.
Popcorn can be cooked with butter or oil. Although small quantities can be popped in a stove-top kettle or pot in a home kitchen, commercial sale of freshly popped popcorn employs specially designed popcorn machines, which were invented in Chicago, Illinois, by Charles Cretors in 1885. Cretors successfully introduced his invention at the Columbian Exposition in 1893. At this same world's fair, F.W. Rueckheim introduced a molasses-flavored "Candied Popcorn," the first caramel corn; his brother, Louis Ruekheim, slightly altered the recipe and introduced it as Cracker Jack popcorn in 1896.[13]
Cretors's invention introduced the first patented steam-driven popcorn machine that popped corn in oil. Previously, vendors popped corn by holding a wire basket over an open flame. At best, the result was a hot, dry, unevenly cooked snack. Cretors's machine popped corn in a mixture of one-third clarified butter, two-thirds lard, and salt. This mixture can withstand the 450 °F (232 °C) temperature needed to pop corn and it produces little smoke. A fire under a boiler created steam that drove a small engine; that engine drove the gears, shaft, and agitator that stirred the corn and powered a small automated clown puppet-like figure, "the Toasty Roasty Man," an attention attracting amusement intended to drum up business. A wire connected to the top of the cooking pan allowed the operator to disengage the drive mechanism, lift the cover, and dump popped corn into the storage bin beneath. Exhaust from the steam engine was piped to a hollow pan below the corn storage bin and kept freshly popped corn uniformly warm for the first time. Excess steam was also used to operate a small, shrill whistle to further attract attention.[14]
A very different method of popcorn-making can still be seen on the streets of some Chinese cities and Korea today. The un-popped corn kernels are poured into a large cast-iron canister — sometimes called a 'popcorn hammer' — that is then sealed with a heavy lid and slowly turned over a curbside fire in rotisserie fashion. When a pressure gauge on the canister reaches a certain level, the canister is removed from the fire, a large canvas sack is put over the lid and the seal is released. With a huge boom, all of the popcorn explodes at once and is poured into the sack.[15][16][17] This method is believed to have been developed, during the Song dynasty, originally for puffing rice.
Individual consumers can also buy and use specialized popping appliances that typically generate no more than a gallon or about four liters of popped corn per batch. Some of these appliances also accept a small volume of oil or melted butter to assist thermal transfer from a stationary heating element, but others are "air poppers" which rapidly circulate heated air up through the interior, keeping the un-popped kernels in motion to avoid burning and then blowing the popped kernels out through the chute. The majority of popcorn sold for home consumption is now packaged in a microwave popcorn bag for use in a microwave oven.[18]
Expansion and yield[edit]
Popping results are sensitive to the rate at which the kernels are heated. If heated too quickly, the steam in the outer layers of the kernel can reach high pressures and rupture the hull before the starch in the center of the kernel can fully gelatinize, leading to partially popped kernels with hard centers. Heating too slowly leads to entirely unpopped kernels: the tip of the kernel, where it attached to the cob, is not entirely moisture-proof, and when heated slowly, the steam can leak out of the tip fast enough to keep the pressure from rising sufficiently to break the hull and cause the pop.[19]
Producers and sellers of popcorn consider two major factors in evaluating the quality of popcorn: what percentage of the kernels will pop, and how much each popped kernel expands. Expansion is an important factor to both the consumer and vendor. For the consumer, larger pieces of popcorn tend to be more tender and are associated with higher quality. For the grower, distributor, and vendor, expansion is closely correlated with profit: vendors such as theaters buy popcorn by weight and sell it by volume. For both these reasons, higher-expansion popcorn fetches a higher profit per unit weight.
Popcorn will pop when freshly harvested, but not well: its high moisture content leads to poor expansion and chewy pieces of popcorn. Kernels with a high moisture content are also susceptible to mold when stored. For these reasons, popcorn growers and distributors dry the kernels until they reach the moisture level at which they expand the most. This differs by variety and conditions, but is generally in the range of 14–15% moisture by weight. If the kernels are over-dried, the expansion rate will suffer and the percentage of kernels that pop at all will decline.
When the popcorn has finished popping, sometimes unpopped kernels remain. Known in the popcorn industry as "old maids,"[20] and called "duds"[citation needed] in the consumer market, these kernels fail to pop because they do not have enough moisture to create enough steam for an explosion. Rehydrating prior to popping usually results in eliminating the unpopped kernels. Kernels that are partially popped, but failed to fully expand are known as "bridesmaids".
Popcorn varieties are broadly categorized by the shape of the kernels, the color of the kernels, or the shape of the popped corn. While the kernels may come in a variety of colors, the popped corn is always off-yellow or white as it is only the hull (or pericarp) that is colored. "Rice" type popcorn have a long kernel pointed at both ends; "pearl" type kernels are rounded at the top. Commercial popcorn production has moved mostly to pearl types.[21] Historically, pearl popcorn were usually yellow and rice popcorn usually white. Today both shapes are available in both colors, as well as others including black, red, mauve, purple, and variegated. Mauve and purple popcorn usually has smaller and nutty kernels. Commercial production is dominated by white and yellow.[22]
Terminology[edit]
"Mushroom"-shaped popcorn, left, is less fragile and less tender than "butterfly"-shaped, right.
In the popcorn industry, a popped kernel of corn is known as a "flake." Two shapes of flakes are commercially important. "Butterfly" or "snowflake"[23] flakes are irregular in shape and have a number of protruding "wings". "Mushroom" flakes are largely ball-shaped, with few wings. Butterfly flakes are regarded as having better mouthfeel, with greater tenderness and less noticeable hulls. Mushroom flakes are less fragile than butterfly flakes and are therefore often used for packaged popcorn or confectionery, such as caramel corn.[22] The kernels from a single cob of popcorn may form both butterfly and mushroom flakes; hybrids that produce 100% butterfly flakes or 100% mushroom flakes exist, the latter developed only as recently as 1998.[22] Growing conditions and popping environment can also affect the butterfly-to-mushroom ratio.
When referring to multiple pieces of popcorn it is acceptable to use the term "popcorn". When referring to a singular piece of popcorn the accepted terminology is kernel.
Consumption[edit]
Popcorn grown in East Africa and sold in the marketplace
Popcorn is commonly eaten in movie theaters. This snack is usually served salted or sweetened. In North America, it is traditionally served salted, often with butter or a butterlike topping, or with toffee or spices. However, sweetened versions, such as caramel corn and kettle corn, are also commonly available. In the United Kingdom, ready-made popcorn is available either salted or simply sweetened with sugar. Toffee (i.e. caramel) popcorn is also available, but tends to be more expensive. In Peru, popcorn is sometimes sweetened with small candy pellets and sweetened condensed milk, but it is more often eaten with salt and the only buttered version known to any considerable degree is microwave popcorn. In Brazil, although salted or buttered popcorn is the most popular and widely available, various other toppings can be found on street vendors: bacon, cheese, caramel, chocolate and condensed milk are among the most common. In Mexico, popcorn is served with either jalapeño juice, hot sauce, cheese, butter, or salt. Popcorn is a popular snack food at sporting events and in cinemas, where it has been served since the 1930s.[24] Popcorn as a breakfast cereal was consumed by Americans in the 1800s and generally consisted of popcorn with milk and a sweetener.[25]
Popcorn balls (popped kernels stuck together with a sugary "glue") were hugely popular around the turn of the 20th century, but their popularity has since waned. Popcorn balls are still served in some places as a traditional Halloween treat. Cracker Jack is a popular, commercially produced candy that consists of peanuts mixed in with caramel-covered popcorn. Kettle corn is a variation of normal popcorn, cooked with white sugar and salt, traditionally in a large copper kettle. Once reserved for specialty shops and county fairs, kettle corn has recently become popular, especially in the microwave popcorn market. The popcorn maker is a relatively new home appliance, and its popularity is increasing because it offers the opportunity to add flavours of the consumer's own choice and to choose healthy-eating popcorn styles.
Some popular brands of popcorn in the United States are Boomchickapop, Smartfood, Orville Redenbacher's, Act II, Jiffy Pop (all three of which are brands of the ConAgra Foods conglomerate), Pop Secret, Jolly Time, Newman's Own, and Pop Weaver.
Nutritional value[edit]
Popcorn, air-popped, no additives
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy
1,598 kJ (382 kcal)
Carbohydrates
78 g
Dietary fiber
15 g
Fat
4 g
Protein
12 g
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1)
(17%)
0.2 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
(25%)
0.3 mg
Minerals
Iron
(21%)
2.7 mg
One cup is 8 grams.
Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Air-popped popcorn is naturally high in dietary fiber and antioxidants,[26][unreliable source?] low in calories and fat, and free of sugar and sodium.[27] This can make it an attractive snack to people with dietary restrictions on the intake of calories, fat or sodium. For the sake of flavor, however, large amounts of fat, sugar, and sodium are often added to prepared popcorn, which can quickly convert it to a very poor choice for those on restricted diets.
One particularly notorious example of this first came to public attention in the mid-1990s, when the Center for Science in the Public Interest produced a report about "Movie Popcorn", which became the subject of a widespread publicity campaign. The movie theaters surveyed used coconut oil to pop the corn, and then topped it with butter or margarine. "A medium-size buttered popcorn", the report said, "contains more fat than a breakfast of bacon and eggs, a Big Mac and fries, and a steak dinner combined."[28] The practice continues today. For example, according to DietFacts.com, a small popcorn from Regal Cinema Group (the largest theater chain in the United States)[29] still contains 29 g of saturated fat.[30] the equivalent of a full day-and-a-half's reference daily intake.[31]
However, in studies conducted by the Motion Picture Association of America it was found that the average American only attends six movies a year and that movie theater popcorn and other movie theater snacks are viewed as a treat that is not intended to be part of a regular diet.[32]
Health risks[edit]
A person eating popcorn out of a bowl.
Popcorn is included on the list of foods that the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends not serving to children under four, because of the risk of choking.[33]
Microwaveable popcorn represents a special case, since it is designed to be cooked along with its various flavoring agents. One of these formerly common artificial-butter flavorants, diacetyl, has been implicated in causing respiratory illnesses in microwave popcorn factory workers, also known as "popcorn lung." Major manufacturers in the United States have stopped using this chemical, including: Orville Redenbacher's, Act II, Pop Secret and Jolly Time.[citation needed][34][35]
Other uses[edit]
Popcorn, threaded onto a string, is used as a wall or Christmas tree decoration in some parts of North America,[36][37] as well as on the Balkan peninsula.[38]
In several Afro-American Religions, popcorn is used ritually, either as offerings for deities or as cleansing "baths" for devotees. This popcorn is usually cooked in Palm Oil.
Some shipping companies have experimented with using popcorn as a biodegradable replacement for expanded polystyrene packing material. However, popcorn has numerous undesirable properties as a packing material, including attractiveness to pests, flammability, and a higher cost and greater density than expanded polystyrene. A more processed form of expanded corn foam has been developed to overcome some of these limitations.[39]
The world's largest popcorn ball[definition needed] was unveiled in October 2006 in Lake Forest, Illinois. It weighed 3,415 pounds (1,549 kg), measured 8 feet (2.4 m) in diameter, and had a circumference of 24.6 ft (7.5 m).[40]
See also[edit]
Food portal
Butter salt
List of dried foods
List of maize dishes
List of popcorn brands
Popcorn maker
Popcorn seasoning
Puffed grain
Wyandot Popcorn Museum
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Michelle Higgins (May 5, 2017). "How Popcorn Pops". Thoughtco.
Jump up ^ "The Evolution of Corn". University of Utah HEALTH SCIENCES. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Where Does Popcorn Come From?". King of Pop.com. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "History of Popcorn | The History Kitchen | PBS Food". PBS Food. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "Dictionary of Americanisms, by John Russell Bartlett (1848)". www.merrycoz.org. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "A History of Popcorn - Hungry History". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "Encyclopedia Popcornica: Recent Popcorn History".
Jump up ^ "United States Department of Agriculture - 1982 Popcorn Report" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Fereira, John. "ESMIS - View Document Info".
Jump up ^ Office of the Governor: Rod R. Blagojevich — Governor (2003-08-04). "Governor Signs Official Snack Bill: School Project Becomes Law" (Press release). Illinois Government News Network. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lusas & Rooney, p. 388.
Jump up ^ "What causes popcorn to pop? Why does other corn not pop?". popcornphysics.wikispaces.com. Tangient LLC. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Brief History". Frito-Lay. Archived from the original on 2011-02-04.
Jump up ^ "C. Cretors and Company". Wyandot Popcorn Museum. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
Jump up ^ "Making Popcorn the Chinese Way (With a Bang!)". fissionchips. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
Jump up ^ "Popcorn Hammer". Naturloch.de. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
Jump up ^ "Popcorn Village". Oriental Outpost. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
Jump up ^ "An American Original: The Popularity of Microwave Popcorn Just Keeps Growing". AllBusiness. May 1, 2006.
Jump up ^ Lusas & Rooney, pp. 388–389.
Jump up ^ "Popping Tips ("Saving 'Old Maids'" tab)". The Popcorn Board. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Hallauer, p. 213.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hallauer, p. 214.
Jump up ^ Cobb, Vicki. Junk Food. Minneapolis: Millbrook, 2006. 11. Print.
Jump up ^ "Why Do We Eat Popcorn at the Movies?". Smithsonian Mag. 2013-10-03.
Jump up ^ Smith, Andrew F. (1999). Popped Culture: The Social History of Popcorn in America. Univ of South Carolina Press. pp. 57-59. ISBN 1570033005
Jump up ^ Vinson, Joe (2012-03-25). "Popcorn: The snack with even higher antioxidants levels than fruits and vegetables". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Nicole Ferring, M.S., R.D. "Health Food Impostors". MSN.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-18. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Grimes, William (1994-05-01). "How About Some Popcorn With Your Fat". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
Jump up ^ "Regal Entertainment: About Us". Regmovies.com. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
Jump up ^ "Regal Cinemas Nutrition Information". Dietfacts.com. 2004-10-06. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
Jump up ^ "FDA Daily Reference Values". Fda.gov. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
Jump up ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/movie-popcorn-has-shocking-calories-fat/
Jump up ^ "Prevent Your Child From Choking". FDA Consumer Magazine Sep–Oct 2005 issue. URL retrieved Jan 6 2007.
Jump up ^ Geis, Sonya. "Flavoring Suspected in Illness: Calif. Considers Banning Chemical Used in Microwave Popcorn." The Washington Post, 7 May 2007
Jump up ^ Eyre, Charlotte. "Popcorn brands ban diacytel." Food Navigator USA, 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ "Popcorn Christmas Decorations". Martha Stewart Living. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Jump up ^ "How to String Popcorn on a Christmas Tree". Wikihow. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Jump up ^ "Pop Corn: Let's Pop". Cornknowledge.net. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Jump up ^ "Real Popcorn as Packing Material". Abbey Newsletter. April 1992.
Jump up ^ "World Largest Popcorn Ball". The Popcorn Factory. 2006-10-12. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
Further reading[edit]
Hallauer, Arnel R. (2001). Specialty Corns. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2377-0.
Lusas, Edmund W.; Rooney, Lloyd W. (2001). Snack Foods Processing. CRC Press. ISBN 1-56676-932-9.
Smith, Andrew F. (1999). Popped Culture: The Social History of Popcorn in America. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-300-5.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Popcorn.
The Popcorn Board
Wyandot Popcorn Museum
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2018 24 Hours of Daytona
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2018 24 Hours of Daytona
Previous: 2017 Next: 2019
Index: Races | Winners
The Daytona International Speedway road course
The 56th Rolex 24 at Daytona was an endurance sports car racing event held at the Daytona International Speedway, Daytona Beach, Florida on January 27–28, 2018. It was also the first race for the 2018 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
The overall winner was the #5 Mustang Sampling Racing Cadillac raced by Filipe Albuquerque, João Barbosa and Christian Fittipaldi, with a record total distance of 2,876.85 mi (4,629.84 km). The GTLM Class was won by the #67 Ford Chip Ganassi Racing Ford GT driven by Scott Dixon, Ryan Briscoe and Richard Westbrook. The #11 GRT Grasser Racing Team Lamborghini Huracán GT3 driven by Mirko Bortolotti, Rik Breukers, Rolf Ineichen and Franck Perera won the GTD Class, despite having to start from the back.
Contents
[hide]
1 Qualifying
1.1 Results
2 Race
2.1 Results
2.2 Notes
3 References
4 External Links
Qualifying[edit]
Results[edit]
Provisional pole positions in each class are denoted in bold.[1]
Pos.
Class
No.
Team
Driver
Time
Gap
Grid
1
P 10 Wayne Taylor Racing Renger van der Zande 1:36.083 —
1
2
P 7 Acura Team Penske Hélio Castroneves 1:36.090 +0.007
2
3
P 5 Mustang Sampling Racing Filipe Albuquerque 1:36.194 +0.111
3
4
P 38 Performance Tech Motorsports Patricio O'Ward 1:36.318 +0.235
4
5
P 90 Spirit of Daytona Racing Tristan Vautier 1:36.472 +0.389
5
6
P 37 Jackie Chan DCR JOTA Robin Frijns 1:36.492 +0.409
6
7
P 31 Whelen Engineering Racing Felipe Nasr 1:36.508 +0.425
7
8
P 54 CORE Autosport Colin Braun 1:36.567 +0.484
8
9
P 55 Mazda Team Joest Jonathan Bomarito 1:36.633 +0.550
9
10
P 6 Acura Team Penske Dane Cameron 1:36.931 +0.848
10
11
P 78 Jackie Chan DCR JOTA Alex Brundle 1:36.982 +0.899
11
12
P 85 JDC-Miller Motorsports Simon Trummer 1:37.005 +0.922
12
13
P 23 United Autosports Fernando Alonso 1:37.008 +0.925
13
14
P 99 JDC-Miller Motorsports Stephen Simpson 1:37.124 +1.041
14
15
P 32 United Autosports Bruno Senna 1:38.186 +2.103
15
16
P 52 AFS/PR1 Mathiasen Motorsports Gustavo Yacamán 1:38.773 +2.690
16
17
P 20 BAR1 Motorsports Alex Popow 1:41.778 +5.695
17
18
GTLM 3 Corvette Racing Jan Magnussen 1:42.779 +6.696
21
19
GTLM 66 Ford Chip Ganassi Racing Joey Hand 1:42.798 +6.715
22
20
GTLM 912 Porsche GT Team Laurens Vanthoor 1:42.927 +6.844
23
21
GTLM 911 Porsche GT Team Patrick Pilet 1:43.062 +6.979
24
22
GTLM 67 Ford Chip Ganassi Racing Richard Westbrook 1:43.091 +7.008
25
23
GTLM 4 Corvette Racing Oliver Gavin 1:43.453 +7.370
26
24
GTLM 62 Risi Competizione Toni Vilander 1:43.601 +7.518
27
25
GTLM 25 BMW Team RLL Alexander Sims 1:43.948 +7.865
28
26
GTLM 24 BMW Team RLL John Edwards 1:44.413 +8.330
29
27
GTD 51 Spirit of Race Daniel Serra 1:46.049 +9.966
30
28
P 22 Tequila Patrón ESM Nicolas Lapierre 1:46.129 +10.046
18
29
GTD 82 Risi Competizione Miguel Molina 1:46.502 +10.419
31
30
GTD 11 GRT Grasser Racing Team Mirko Bortolotti 1:46.658 +10.575
50
31
GTD 15 3GT Racing Jack Hawksworth 1:46.714 +10.631
32
32
GTD 63 Scuderia Corsa Alessandro Balzan 1:47.055 +10.972
33
33
GTD 14 3GT Racing Dominik Baumann 1:47.186 +11.103
34
34
GTD 86 Michael Shank Racing with Curb-Agajanian Álvaro Parente 1:47.251 +11.168
35
35
GTD 29 Montaplast by Land-Motorsport Sheldon van der Linde 1:47.273 +11.190
36
36
GTD 58 Wright Motorsports Robert Renauer 1:47.291 +11.208
37
37
GTD 96 Turner Motorsport Cameron Lawrence 1:47.348 +11.265
38
38
GTD 44 Magnus Racing Andy Lally 1:47.442 +11.359
39
39
GTD 59 Manthey Racing Sven Müller 1:47.587 +11.504
40
40
GTD 33 Mercedes-AMG Team Riley Motorsports Ben Keating 1:47.796 +11.713
41
41
GTD 64 Scuderia Corsa Sam Bird 1:47.839 +11.756
42
42
GTD 69 HART Ryan Eversley 1:47.862 +11.779
43
43
GTD 48 Paul Miller Racing Bryce Miller 1:48.181 +12.098
44
44
GTD 93 Michael Shank Racing with Curb-Agajanian Côme Ledogar 1:48.239 +12.156
45
45
GTD 75 SunEnergy1 Racing Kenny Habul 1:48.326 +12.243
46
46
GTD 19 GRT Grasser Racing Team Christoph Lenz 1:51.531 +15.448
47
–
P 77 Mazda Team Joest Did Not Participate
19
–
P 2 Tequila Patrón ESM Did Not Participate
20
–
GTD 73 Park Place Motorsports Did Not Participate
48
–
GTD 71 P1 Motorsports Did Not Participate
49
Race[edit]
Results[edit]
Class winners are denoted in bold.[2]
Pos
Class
No.
Team
Drivers
Chassis
Tire
Laps
Time/Retired
Engine
1
P 5 Mustang Sampling Racing Filipe Albuquerque
João Barbosa
Christian Fittipaldi Cadillac DPi-V.R C 808 24:01:32.128
Cadillac 5.5 L V8
2
P 31 Whelen Engineering Racing Mike Conway
Eric Curran
Stuart Middleton
Felipe Nasr Cadillac DPi-V.R C 808 +1:10.544
Cadillac 5.5 L V8
3
P 54 CORE Autosport Jon Bennett
Colin Braun
Romain Dumas
Loïc Duval Oreca 07 C 808 +1:31.982
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
4
P 32 United Autosports William Owen
Paul di Resta
Hugo de Sadeleer
Bruno Senna Ligier JS P217 C 804 +4 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
5
P 78 Jackie Chan DCR JOTA Alex Brundle
António Félix da Costa
Ferdinand Habsburg
Ho-Pin Tung Oreca 07 C 804 +4 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
6
P 85 JDC-Miller Motorsports Robert Alon
Austin Cindric
Devlin DeFrancesco
Simon Trummer Oreca 07 C 798 +10 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
7
P 99 JDC-Miller Motorsports Mikhail Goikhberg
Gustavo Menezes
Chris Miller
Stephen Simpson Oreca 07 C 798 +10 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
8
P 38 Performance Tech Motorsports James French
Kyle Masson
Joel Miller
Patricio O'Ward Oreca 07 C 796 +12 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
9
P 7 Acura Team Penske Hélio Castroneves
Graham Rahal
Ricky Taylor Acura ARX-05 C 793 +15 Laps
Acura AR35TT 3.5 L Turbo V6
10
P 6 Acura Team Penske Dane Cameron
Juan Pablo Montoya
Simon Pagenaud Acura ARX-05 C 793 +15 Laps
Acura AR35TT 3.5 L Turbo V6
11
GTLM 67 Ford Chip Ganassi Racing Ryan Briscoe
Scott Dixon
Richard Westbrook Ford GT M 783 +25 Laps
Ford EcoBoost 3.5 L Turbo V6
12
GTLM 66 Ford Chip Ganassi Racing Sébastien Bourdais
Joey Hand
Dirk Müller Ford GT M 783 +25 Laps
Ford EcoBoost 3.5 L Turbo V6
13
GTLM 3 Corvette Racing Antonio García
Jan Magnussen
Mike Rockenfeller Chevrolet Corvette C7.R M 781 +27 Laps
Chevrolet LT5.5 5.5 L V8
14
GTLM 4 Corvette Racing Marcel Fässler
Oliver Gavin
Tommy Milner Chevrolet Corvette C7.R M 780 +28 Laps
Chevrolet LT5.5 5.5 L V8
15
P 37 Jackie Chan DCR JOTA Robin Frijns
Daniel Juncadella
Felix Rosenqvist
Lance Stroll Oreca 07 C 777 +31 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
16
GTLM 62 Risi Competizione James Calado
Alessandro Pier Guidi
Davide Rigon
Toni Vilander Ferrari 488 GTE M 774 +34 Laps
Ferrari F154CB 3.9 L Turbo V8
17
GTLM 912 Porsche GT Team Earl Bamber
Gianmaria Bruni
Laurens Vanthoor Porsche 911 RSR M 774 +34 Laps
Porsche 4.0 L Flat-6
18
GTLM 24 BMW Team RLL Nick Catsburg
John Edwards
Augusto Farfus
Jesse Krohn BMW M8 GTE M 773 +35 Laps
BMW S63 4.0 L Twin-turbo V8
19
P 52 AFS/PR1 Mathiasen Motorsports Nicholas Boulle
Roberto González
Sebastián Saavedra
Gustavo Yacamán Ligier JS P217 C 771 +37 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
20
GTLM 911 Porsche GT Team Frédéric Makowiecki
Patrick Pilet
Nick Tandy Porsche 911 RSR M 753 +55 Laps
Porsche 4.0 L Flat-6
21
GTD 11 GRT Grasser Racing Team Mirko Bortolotti
Rik Breukers
Rolf Ineichen
Franck Perera Lamborghini Huracán GT3 C 752 +56 Laps
Lamborghini 5.2 L V10
22
GTD 86 Michael Shank Racing with Curb-Agajanian A. J. Allmendinger
Trent Hindman
Katherine Legge
Álvaro Parente Acura NSX GT3 C 751 +57 Laps
Acura 3.5 L Turbo V6
23
GTD 23 Paul Miller Racing Andrea Caldarelli
Bryce Miller
Bryan Sellers
Madison Snow Lamborghini Huracán GT3 C 751 +57 Laps
Lamborghini 5.2 L V10
24
GTD 33 Mercedes-AMG Team Riley Motorsports Jeroen Bleekemolen
Adam Christodoulou
Ben Keating
Luca Stolz Mercedes-AMG GT3 C 751 +57 Laps
Mercedes-AMG M159 6.2 L V8
25
GTD 64 Scuderia Corsa Townsend Bell
Sam Bird
Frankie Montecalvo
Bill Sweedler Ferrari 488 GT3 C 751 +57 Laps
Ferrari F154CB 3.9 L Turbo V8
26
GTD 44 Magnus Racing Andrew Davis
Andy Lally
John Potter
Markus Winkelhock Audi R8 LMS C 750 +58 Laps
Audi 5.2 L V10
27
GTD 29 Montaplast by Land-Motorsport Sheldon van der Linde
Kelvin van der Linde
Christopher Mies
Jeffrey Schmidt Audi R8 LMS C 749 +59 Laps
Audi 5.2 L V10
28
GTD 75 SunEnergy1 Racing Mikaël Grenier
Kenny Habul
Thomas Jäger
Maro Engel Mercedes-AMG GT3 C 745 +63 Laps
Mercedes-AMG M159 6.2 L V8
29
GTD 15 3GT Racing Dominik Farnbacher
Jack Hawksworth
David Heinemeier Hansson
Scott Pruett Lexus RC F GT3 C 744 +64 Laps
Lexus 5.0 L V8
30
GTD 63 Scuderia Corsa Alessandro Balzan
Gunnar Jeannette
Cooper MacNeil
Jeff Segal Ferrari 488 GT3 C 744 +64 Laps
Ferrari F154CB 3.9 L Turbo V8
31
GTD 93 Michael Shank Racing with Curb-Agajanian Lawson Aschenbach
Mario Farnbacher
Côme Ledogar
Justin Marks Acura NSX GT3 C 741 +67 Laps
Acura 3.5 L Turbo V6
32
GTD 71 P1 Motorsports Robby Foley
Kenton Koch
JC Perez
Loris Spinelli Mercedes-AMG GT3 C 741 +67 Laps
Mercedes-AMG M159 6.2 L V8
33
GTD 19 GRT Grasser Racing Team Christian Engelhart
Christoph Lenz
Louis Machiels
Ezequiel Pérez Companc
Max van Splunteren Lamborghini Huracán GT3 C 739 +69 Laps
Lamborghini 5.2 L V10
34
GTD 96 Turner Motorsport Jens Klingmann
Mark Kvamme
Cameron Lawrence
Martin Tomczyk
Don Yount BMW M6 GT3 C 733 +75 Laps
BMW 4.4 L Turbo V8
35
GTLM 25 BMW Team RLL Bill Auberlen
Connor De Phillippi
Philipp Eng
Alexander Sims BMW M8 GTE M 731 +77 Laps
BMW S63 4.0 L Twin-turbo V8
36
GTD 14 3GT Racing Dominik Baumann
Philipp Frommenwiler
Bruno Junqueira
Kyle Marcelli Lexus RC F GT3 C 719 +89 Laps
Lexus 5.0 L V8
37
GTD 69 HART Ryan Eversley
John Falb
Chad Gilsinger
Sean Rayhall Acura NSX GT3 C 719 +89 Laps
Acura 3.5 L Turbo V6
38
P 23 United Autosports Fernando Alonso
Philip Hanson
Lando Norris Ligier JS P217 C 718 +90 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
39
GTD 82 Risi Competizione Santiago Creel
Martin Fuentes
Matt Griffin
Miguel Molina
Ricardo Pérez de Lara Ferrari 488 GT3 C 715 +93 Laps
Ferrari F154CB 3.9 L Turbo V8
40
GTD 73 Park Place Motorsports Jörg Bergmeister
Patrick Lindsey
Tim Pappas
Norbert Siedler Porsche 911 GT3 R C 675 +133 Laps
Porsche 4.0 L Flat-6
41
GTD 58 Wright Motorsports Mathieu Jaminet
Patrick Long
Christina Nielsen
Robert Renauer Porsche 911 GT3 R C 666 +142 Laps
Porsche 4.0 L Flat-6
42
P 20 BAR1 Motorsports[N 1] Marc Drumwright
Brendan Gaughan
Eric Lux
Alex Popow Riley Mk. 30 C 642 +166 Laps
Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8
43
GTD 59 Manthey Racing Matteo Cairoli
Sven Müller
Harald Proczyk
Steve Smith
Randy Walls Porsche 911 GT3 R C 637 Did Not Finish
Porsche 4.0 L Flat-6
44
GTD 51 Spirit of Race Paul Dalla Lana
Pedro Lamy
Mathias Lauda
Daniel Serra Ferrari 488 GT3 C 571 +237 Laps
Ferrari F154CB 3.9 L Turbo V8
45
P 10 Wayne Taylor Racing Ryan Hunter-Reay
Jordan Taylor
Renger van der Zande Cadillac DPi-V.R C 555 Did Not Finish
Cadillac 5.5 L V8
46
P 55 Mazda Team Joest Jonathan Bomarito
Spencer Pigot
Harry Tincknell Mazda RT24-P C 541 Did Not Finish
Mazda MZ-2.0T 2.0 L Turbo I4
47
P 77 Mazda Team Joest Oliver Jarvis
Tristan Nunez
René Rast Mazda RT24-P C 530 Did Not Finish
Mazda MZ-2.0T 2.0 L Turbo I4
48
P 22 Tequila Patrón ESM Pipo Derani
Nicolas Lapierre
Johannes van Overbeek Nissan Onroak DPi C 438 Did Not Finish
Nissan VR38DETT 3.8 L Turbo V6
49
P 2 Tequila Patrón ESM Ryan Dalziel
Olivier Pla
Scott Sharp Nissan Onroak DPi C 338 Did Not Finish
Nissan VR38DETT 3.8 L Turbo V6
50
P 90 Spirit of Daytona Racing Eddie Cheever III
Matt McMurry
Tristan Vautier Cadillac DPi-V.R C 291 Did Not Finish
Cadillac 5.5 L V8
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Tomy Drissi was listed at the beginning but he eventually withdrew for business committments.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Race Official Starting Grid" (PDF). International Motor Sports Association. 27 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "2018 24 Hours of Daytona - Race Provisional Results" (PDF). International Motor Sports Association. 28 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
External Links[edit]
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship
Previous race:
Petit Le Mans (2017) 2018 season Next race:
12 Hours of Sebring
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