text:
Kissing traditions
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Affectionate kisses
Many societies have traditions which involve kissing. Kissing can indicate joy or be used as part of a greeting. Kissing involves the touching of one's lips to the lips or other body part, such as the cheek, head, hand, of another person.
Contents
1 Greetings
2 Kissing spots
2.1 Kiss me at the kissing bench
2.2 Meet me at the kissing post
2.3 Kissing the Blarney stone
3 Special occasions
3.1 Kissing under the mistletoe
3.2 New Year's kiss
3.3 Wedding kiss
4 Youth and kissing
4.1 Kissing songs
5 Religious kiss
5.1 Kissing in Christianity
5.2 Kissing the pope's ring
5.3 Kissing a bishop's ring
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
Greetings[edit]
See also: Hand-kissing
Denis Thatcher, husband of former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher, greets former American First Lady Nancy Reagan by kissing her hand, 1988
In the Western world, a kiss is a common gesture of greeting, and at times a kiss is expected. Throughout all cultures people greet one another as a sign of recognition, affection, friendship and reverence. Depending on the occasion and the culture, a greeting may take the form of a handshake, hug, bow, nod, nose rub, a kiss on the lips with the mouth closed or a kiss or kisses on the cheek. Cheek kissing is most common in Europe and Latin America and has become a standard greeting in Southern Europe.
While cheek kissing is a common greeting in many cultures, each country has a unique way of kissing. In Slovenia, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Lebanon and Egypt it is customary to “kiss three times, on alternate cheeks.”[1] Italians and Hungarians usually kiss twice in a greeting and in Mexico and Belgium only one kiss is necessary. In Ecuador, women kiss on the right cheek only[2] and in Oman it is not unusual for men to kiss one another on the nose after a handshake.[3][better source needed] French culture accepts a number of ways to greet depending on the region. Two kisses are most common throughout all of France but in Provence three kisses are given and in Nantes four are exchanged.[4]
Kissing quickly on the lips with the mouth closed is a common greeting in some places of Western culture such as South Africa and Australia, especially in rural areas. Some say[weasel words] it started in Santa Rosa, Zacatecas, Mexico.[citation needed]
Kissing spots[edit]
Kiss me at the kissing bench[edit]
The Syracuse University senior class of 1912 left behind a stone bench. With this gesture the graduating class hoped "to begin a tradition of graduating classes leaving behind similar gifts that would add to the beauty of the campus."[5] While the bench does enhance the beauty of the Syracuse University quad, the kissing bench has become much more than an ordinary seat. In the 1950s it was said that if a woman were kissed while sitting on the bench she would "avoid the risk of becoming a spinster."[5] However, in 1970 the tradition was expanded to state that a woman must be kissed on the bench to graduate and marry. Currently the tradition stands that if two people kiss while sitting on the kissing bench they will eventually marry.[6] Since this tradition began in the 1950s many couples have begun their lives together at the kissing bench.
Meet me at the kissing post[edit]
The kissing post, supporting Ellis Island’s registry room, is a famous column at which millions of US immigrants reunited with family. At the registry room, final stages of the immigration process were completed. Then, as immigrants moved towards the pillar it marked a significant moment in their journey. Processed immigrants would search for family members who were to meet them at the kissing post. The once ordinary post was named the kissing post by staff members at Ellis Island in reaction to the "joyful reunions" and kisses between relatives and loved ones.[7] Not only did immigrants endure the long passage to the United States but upon arriving they underwent a lengthy inspection process.[7] This emotional process included physical exams, medical detentions, Board hearings for unaccompanied women and children and separation from family members.[8] Seeing the kissing post at the end of their journey to America was an emotional conclusion to their experience. The kissing post signifies freedom, reunion and a new beginning.
Kissing the Blarney stone[edit]
Tourist kissing the Blarney Stone
Kissing the Blarney Stone (also called the Stone of Eloquence) is a popular custom in the Castle of Blarney in Ireland. The stone is below the battlements on the parapet, making kissing the stone difficult. Originally, people would be hung by their feet over the parapet and be lowered to reach the stone. However, after a man died from falling, a new system was developed. The person now lies on their back with someone securing their feet, and they lower themselves downward while holding on to iron rails. Then, they can reach the stone that people have kissed for hundreds of years. How this tradition started is unknown, but people who succeed in kissing the stone are said to be given the gift of eloquence. One legend describes an old woman who was rescued from drowning by the king of Munster. She rewarded him by casting a spell on a stone that would give him magical speaking abilities whenever he kissed it. Another story tells of a past ruler of the castle, Dermont McCarthy, who was noted for never giving up his castle to Queen Elizabeth I. McCarthy was expected to give the castle to the Queen as a sign of his loyalty, however, he always seemed to have an excuse to put it off. He was said to have had convincing and eloquent reasons for postponing his gift, thus the Queen began to call it “Blarney talk.” The word Blarney now means “the ability to influence and coax with fair words and soft speech without giving offense.”[9] This led to the belief that anyone who kissed the stone would receive McCarthy’s skill or the “gift of the gab,” as locals call it.[10] Many have traveled to become more eloquent including Sir Walter Scott, world leaders, American presidents, and international entertainers. They all come for this promise: kiss the Blarney Stone, and "you’ll never again be lost for words." [4]
Special occasions[edit]
Kissing under the mistletoe[edit]
It is a Christmas custom for a couple who meet under a mistletoe to kiss. Mistletoe is commonly used as a Christmas decoration, though such use was rarely alluded to until the 18th century.[11] The tradition has spread throughout the English-speaking world but is largely unknown in the rest of Europe. It was described in 1820 by American author Washington Irving in his The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.:
The mistletoe is still hung up in farm-houses and kitchens at Christmas, and the young men have the privilege of kissing the girls under it, plucking each time a berry from the bush. When the berries are all plucked the privilege ceases.[12]
Some claim that the origin of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe goes back to ancient Norse mythology. According to the myth, a goddess named Frigg had a son named Baldr. When he was born, she made all plants unable to hurt him. Yet she overlooked the mistletoe plant, and a god known for his mischief, Loki, tricked another god into killing Baldr with a spear made of mistletoe. The gods eventually brought Baldr back to life, and Frigg declared that mistletoe would bring love rather than death into the world. People then kissed under the mistletoe to obey the goddess, as well as to remember Baldr’s resurrection.[13][14]
Another theory is that the tradition originated in the ancient Babylonian-Assyrian Empire. Single women apparently stood under mistletoe hung outside the temple for the goddess of beauty and love. They were expected to bond with the first man that approached them - but they did not kiss.[15] Historically, mistletoe was seen as a supernatural, healing plant. It was believed to promote fertility, and its leaves were said to be an aphrodisiac. Mistletoe was once a part of marriage ceremonies for this reason, and was placed under couples’ beds for good luck.[15] The tradition later was found in England, when young men would kiss women standing under the mistletoe, and would pluck a berry from the bush after each kiss. After all the berries were gone, it was bad luck to continue kissing under that bush. It is important to remember that during this period a kiss was taken very seriously - it was usually seen as a promise of marriage.[16]
New Year's kiss[edit]
In some Western cultures, it is a custom for people to kiss at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve. Some hold the superstition that failing to kiss someone ensures a year of loneliness.[17]
When celebrating at a Scottish Hogmanay party, it is custom to try to give a kiss to everyone in the room after the stroke of midnight "the bells".
Wedding kiss[edit]
Married couple's first kiss
It is a Western custom for a newly married couple to exchange a kiss at the conclusion of their wedding ceremony. Some Christians hold the belief that the kiss symbolizes the exchange of souls between the bride and the groom, fulfilling the scripture that “the two shall become one flesh.” However, some trace the tradition to an ancient Roman tradition, whereby the exchange of a kiss signified the completion of a contract.[18] Although the kiss is not a formal requirement of the ceremony, most regard the gesture as a joyful start of the marriage. The most traditional way guests entice the new couple to kiss is by clinking their glasses. An ancient Christian tradition explains that the clinking sound scares the devil away and the couple kisses in his absence.[19] Another tradition is to ring bells placed at the tables by the wedding party. A ring of the bell signals the bride and groom to kiss.
Youth and kissing[edit]
Kissing songs[edit]
Child and teenage culture includes a number of simple songs about kissing, love and romance, with some revolving around heartbreak and others focussing on enduring love. One of the most famous songs is a children’s song often used to tease other children who are thought to feel affection toward each other:
[name] and [name] sitting in a tree
K-I-S-S-I-N-G
First comes love, then comes marriage
Then comes a baby in a baby carriage
Religious kiss[edit]
Kissing in Christianity[edit]
Kissing out of honor, respect, and even forgiveness is a tradition that is incorporated into many Christian denominations. The kissing of icons, painted images of Jesus and the saints, is the primary form of veneration in Orthodox Christianity. Veneration of the holy images is an ancient custom dating back to the 5th and 6th centuries, and is still practiced today in Orthodox Christian worship. Through veneration, Orthodox Christians show reverence for the people and the events depicted in the icon.
Another Christian kissing tradition is known as the “kiss of peace.” This tradition is traced to Apostle Paul’s instruction for Christians to “greet each other with a holy kiss”. (Romans 16:16) However, today during the “kiss of peace” ritual members will substitute a handshake, hug, or kiss on the cheek as a sign of mutual forgiveness.[20]
Kissing of feet is an important Christian religious ritual. Feet washing, which precedes the kissing, is a sign of humility[citation needed] and is looked upon as an "act of lowly service, of loving service, and of self-giving service."[citation needed] Jesus washed the feet of his disciples and then commanded them to "wash one another's feet" (John 13:12) with love and humbleness as a service through which one can express "the love of God and the saving, cleansing grace of our savior Jesus Christ to each other." After cleansing, a kiss would be bestowed on the feet as an act of servitude. By performing the actions of the lowliest servant, Jesus demonstrated what kind of servant-based leadership was expected from his disciples.
Judas was said to have betrayed Jesus with a kiss - condemning him to death.
Kissing the pope's ring[edit]
Kissing the Ring of the Fisherman (in Italian, the pescatorio) is a centuries-old Roman Catholic tradition.[citation needed] Each newly elected Pope is given a gold ring with his name in raised lettering and the image of St. Peter in a fishing boat. The title Pope (Latin: papa; from Greek: πάππας pappas, a child's word for father) is an informal name for the bishop of Rome, the first of whom was believed to be the apostle Peter, who was known as one of the “fishers of men” (Mark 1:17). Originally the ring was used to seal documents, historically called papal briefs. However, this custom ended in 1842 when the wax seal was replaced by a stamp. Today, Roman Catholics pay respect to the reigning Pope by kneeling before him and kissing his ring.
Kissing a bishop's ring[edit]
Kissing the hand or ring of a bishop (in Italian, the baciamano) is an ancient custom.
See also[edit]
Kiss
Traditions
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Greetings Lesson". Hawaii.edu. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Galapagos FAQs Preparing for your trip". Galapagosonline.com. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Greetings in other cultures". Brucevanpatter.com. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Faire la bise - French Gestures". French.about.com. 2011-01-02. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
^ Jump up to: a b [1] Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived 1 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ellis Island Archives". Ellisislandimmigrants.org. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived 25 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Blarney Stone". Sacredsites.com. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
Jump up ^ cork guide design team Š2004 (2010-11-10). "Blarney Ireland, Kiss The Blarney Stone at Blarney Castle". Cork-guide.ie. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
Jump up ^ Susan Drury, Customs and Beliefs Associated with Christmas Evergreens: A Preliminary Survey Folklore 98.2 (1987:194-199) p. 194.
Jump up ^ "Christmas Eve" from Washington Irving, The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (Rev. ed. 1852), p.254.
Jump up ^ E. Cobham Brewer, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 1898, s.v. "Kissing under the mistletoe" relates the custom to the death of Baldr, without authority.
Jump up ^ Kissing Under the Mistletoe Older Than Christmas by Ryan A. Garcia. 14 December 2001. Retrieved 8 May 2007
^ Jump up to: a b http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/01/121401-3.html
Jump up ^ "Kissing Under the Mistletoe". Landscaping.about.com. 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2011-01-27. (2007) by David Beaulieu.
Jump up ^ "New Year's Superstitions". snopes.com. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Wedding Traditions". Weddingflowersandmore.com. Retrieved 2011-01-27. , Anvente. 13 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "History and Alternative to the Traditional Ring For A Kiss Bells". littlethingsfavors.com. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
Jump up ^ http://82.165.253.62/quarterly/spr06/kissing.pdf
Bibliography[edit]
Fillpot, Elise. Ellis Island History "Ellis Island History" 2002. Retrieved 7 May 2007
Clark, Carol L. Ph.D. "Revisited Ellis Island" 1 July 2001. Retrieved 7 May 2007
Ellis Island Archives Retrieved 7 May 2007
ARAMARK. "Ellis Island Museum" Retrieved 7 May 2007
Galvin, Edward L. "Syracuse University Archives" 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2007
Syracuse Alumni Magazine Retrieved 7 May 2007
Syracuse University "About SU: 1906-1930" 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2007
Mikkelson, Barbara. "New Year's Superstitions" 30 December 2006. Retrieved 9 May 2007
Blarney Castle: The Home of the Blarney Stone "Welcome!" 2006. Retrieved 9 May 2007
Gray, Martin. Blarney Stone, Cork, Ireland "Blarney Stone, Cork, Ireland" 2006. Retrieved 9 May 2007
Cork Guide. "Blarney Ireland" 23 January 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2007
Religion Facts Retrieved 9 May 2007
Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia. Kissing Post Retrieved 15 May 2007
On Kissing Retrieved 15 May 2007
External links[edit]
More Kissing Games
Pecking Order
What’s so Hard About Getting Kissed on New Years (for the romantics!)
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text:
List of Cricket World Cup finals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975.[1] It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's global governing body.[2] The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand, was won by Australia, who beat their co-hosts New Zealand. The current trophy was instituted in 1999. It always remains with the ICC, and a replica is awarded to the winning team.[3][4]
Nations with Test status automatically qualify for the World Cup, while associate and affiliate ICC members must qualify through a qualification tournament, the World Cup Qualifier. Though an associate member is yet to reach the final, Kenya did reach the semi-finals in 2003.[5] Australia is the most successful team in the competition's history, winning five tournaments and finishing as runner-up twice.[6] Twice, teams have won successive tournaments: the West Indies won the first two editions (1975 and 1979) and Australia won three in a row (1999, 2003 and 2007). Australia has played in the most finals (seven out of eleven: 1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015). England is the team to reach the final and not win the World Cup most often, ending as runner-up in all three final appearances.[7][8]
Of the twenty teams that have qualified for at least one Cricket World Cup, seven have contested a tournament final.[9] Seven venues have hosted the final; only two of those – Lord's, in London, and the Melbourne Cricket Ground – have hosted multiple finals.[10] India is the only country that has hosted a World Cup final at more than one venue, with Eden Gardens, Kolkata, hosting in 1987 and Mumbai's Wankhede Stadium hosting in 2011.
Contents
1 History
2 List of finals
3 Results by country
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Lord's has hosted the final four times.
The inaugural ICC Cricket World Cup final was held on 21 June 1975 at Lord's, contested by Australia and the West Indies. A man of the match performance,[11] including a century from West Indian captain Clive Lloyd coming in to bat at number five with his team 50/3,[12] formed the basis of a 149-run fourth-wicket partnership with Rohan Kanhai.[13] Keith Boyce added a quick 34 and the Australians were set a target of 292 to win in a 60-over encounter. In reply, Alan Turner hit 40 from 54 deliveries and Australian captain Ian Chappell scored 62 from 93 balls. Australia "contributed to their own destruction" in an innings with five run outs, and the West Indies were crowned the first cricket world champions, winning by 17 runs.[14] Four years later, the West Indies qualified for the final, this time facing England, hosted at Lord's for the second consecutive tournament. An unbeaten 138 from Viv Richards, and support from Collis King in a 139-run partnership for the fifth wicket,[15] saw the West Indies set England a target of 287 runs to win in 60 overs.[16] A profitable yet slow opening partnership between Mike Brearley and Geoffrey Boycott (the latter taking 17 overs to reach double figures)[17] saw England to 129. However, following Brearley's dismissal, only Graham Gooch and Derek Randall made a "brief assault" on the West Indian bowling,[17] before a batting collapse, Joel Garner taking five wickets in eleven balls.[18] England ended 194 all out, and presented the West Indies with their second consecutive title, winning by 92 runs.[17]
Lord's re-hosted the third World Cup final in June 1983, and was West Indies' third consecutive final. On this occasion, they faced India in front of 24,609 spectators.[19] Sunil Gavaskar was dismissed early in the innings for two runs, and only Kris Srikkanth scored more than thirty;[20] Andy Roberts took three wickets for the West Indies leaving India all out for 183.[20] Following the dismissals of Viv Richards, Desmond Haynes and Larry Gomes by Madan Lal for six runs between them, the West Indies collapsed to 140 all out, handing the title to India by 43 runs.[19] India and Pakistan co-hosted the 1987 tournament; the final was held at Eden Gardens in Kolkata between Australia and England, both appearing for the second time and vying for their first title. Australia won the toss and elected to bat first; David Boon scored 75 runs from 125 deliveries, while Mike Veletta made a rapid 45 from 31 deliveries taking Australia to a total of 253/5 by the close of play, this time after 50 overs.[21] In front of around 70,000 spectators, England's middle order of Bill Athey, Mike Gatting and Allan Lamb provided some resistance, but with 17 runs required in the final over to win, England fell short and lost by 7 runs.[22]
The 1992 tournament was co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand, with the first ever day/night final being held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Australia between England and Pakistan. In their first final appearance, Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat first. Despite two early wickets from Derek Pringle, Pakistani batsmen Imran Khan and Javed Miandad shared a third-wicket partnership of 139. Both Inzamam-ul-Haq and Wasim Akram added over thirty runs each at more than a run-a-ball, leading Pakistan to a total of 249/6 in 50 overs.[23] A crowd of over 87,000 saw man-of-the-match Wasim Akram take three of England's wickets, including that of all-rounder Ian Botham for a duck, after Graeme Hick was "baffled by the googly".[24] England were bowled out for 227, and Pakistan won by 22 runs.[23] India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka hosted the tournament in 1996. Sri Lanka was making their first appearance in the final, and faced 1987 champions Australia in another day/night contest. After winning the toss, Arjuna Ranatunga sent Australia in to bat at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore. Captain Mark Taylor and Ricky Ponting added 101 in their second-wicket partnership as Australia completed their 50 overs 241/7.[25] Man of the match Aravinda de Silva's century, assisted by partnerships with Asanka Gurusinha and Ranatunga led Sri Lanka to the total with 22 balls and 7 wickets to spare, and their first win in the final. This was the first time a host won the title, though the final was played in Pakistan. It was also the first time that the team batting second emerged victorious.[25]
Australia's Adam Gilchrist made sizeable contributions with the bat in three consecutive finals.
Australia's "12-year era of World Cup dominance" began with the 1999 tournament,[26] hosted for the fourth time by England. In a "one-sided" final,[27] Shane Warne's four wickets helped to restrict Pakistan to 132 runs, all out with 11 overs yet to bat.[28] A rapid fifty from Adam Gilchrist, and support from Mark Waugh, Ponting and Darren Lehmann, saw Australia reach the total in just over 20 overs, winning by eight wickets.[28] The 2003 tournament had three co-hosts: South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe, the final being a day/night match contested between Australia and India at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. Gilchrist and Matthew Hayden opened the batting, making a century partnership before Ponting and Damien Martin went on to score the highest partnership in any World Cup final with an unbeaten 234.[29] Australia batted out their fifty overs, and ended on the highest score in World Cup final history: 359/2.[30] Player of the tournament Sachin Tendulkar was dismissed in the first over of India's reply but Virender Sehwag and Rahul Dravid combined to score 88 in their fourth wicket partnership. However, following Dravid's dismissal, India's batting collapsed, and they finished on 234 all out with nearly eleven overs remaining, handing Australia a 125-run victory.[30]
The 2007 final, held at the Kensington Oval in Barbados, was reduced to 38 overs a side following a two-hour rain delay.[31] Australia's Gilchrist hit the fastest century in a World Cup final at a strike rate of over 143 and his opening stand with Hayden became the largest first-wicket partnership in World Cup history.[29] Australia ended on 281/4, an average of 7.39 runs per over.[32] In reply, Sanath Jayasuriya and Kumar Sangakkara accumulated 116 runs for the second wicket, but with Chamara Silva the only other batsman to score over 20, Sri Lanka capitulated. Despite a revised target, due to a further rain break, calculated using the Duckworth–Lewis method, Sri Lanka scored 215–8 from their allotted overs. With a 53-run victory, Australia won their third consecutive World Cup.[32] Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka co-hosted the 2011 tournament,[33] with the latter pair meeting in the final in the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. Scoring 91 runs in their final 10 overs,[34] Sri Lanka's innings ended on 274/6, Mahela Jayawardene top-scoring with an unbeaten 103.[35] Sehwag was out leg before wicket to Lasith Malinga in the second ball of the Indian innings, Tendulkar soon followed him, but 97 from Gautam Gambhir and an unbeaten 91 from MS Dhoni saw India home with 10 balls to spare. By winning the match, India became the first team to win the finals on home soil.[35]
List of finals[edit]
Key to list of finals
The final was played as a day/night game.
The final was decided by the Duckworth–Lewis method.
The "Year" column refers to the year the World Cup was held, and links to the article about that tournament.
The links in the "Result" column point to the article about that tournament's final game.
Links in the "Winners" and "Runners-up" columns point to the articles for the national cricket teams of the countries, not the articles for the countries.
List of finals, along with the host nation and location and result of the final
Year
Winner
Result
Runner-up
Final venue
Host nation(s)[2]
Crowd
1975
West Indies
291/8 (60 overs) West Indies won by 17 runs[11] Australia
274 all out (58.4 overs) Lord's, London England 24,000
1979
West Indies
286/9 (60 overs) West Indies won by 92 runs[16] England
194 all out (51 overs) Lord's, London England 32,000
1983
India
183 all out (54.4 overs) India won by 43 runs[20] West Indies
140 all out (52 overs) Lord's, London England 30,000
1987
Australia
253/5 (50 overs) Australia won by 7 runs[21] England
246/8 (50 overs) Eden Gardens, Kolkata, India India, Pakistan 95,000
1992
Pakistan
249/6 (50 overs) Pakistan won by 22 runs[23] England
227 all out (49.2 overs) MCG, Melbourne, Australia Australia, New Zealand 87,182
1996
Sri Lanka
245/3 (46.2 overs) Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets[25] Australia
241/7 (50 overs) Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore, Pakistan India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 62,645
1999
Australia
133/2 (20.1 overs) Australia won by 8 wickets[28] Pakistan
132 all out (39 overs) Lord's, London England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Netherlands 30,000
2003
Australia
359/2 (50 overs) Australia won by 125 runs[30] India
234 all out (39.2 overs) Wanderers, Johannesburg, South Africa Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe 32,827
2007
Australia
281/4 (38 overs) Australia won by 53 runs [32] Sri Lanka
215/8 (36 overs) Kensington Oval, Bridgetown West Indies 28,108
2011
India
277/4 (48.2 overs) India won by 6 wickets[35] Sri Lanka
274/6 (50 overs) Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, India Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka 65,000
2015
Australia
186/3 (33.1 overs) Australia won by 7 wickets New Zealand
183 all out (45 overs) MCG, Melbourne, Australia Australia, New Zealand 93,013
Results by country[edit]
Map of winning countries
National team
Final appearances
Winners
Runners-up
Years won
Years runners-up
Australia
7 5 2 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015 1975, 1996
India
3 2 1 1983, 2011, 2003
West Indies
3 2 1 1975, 1979 1983
Sri Lanka
3 1 2 1996 2007, 2011
Pakistan
2 1 1 1992 1999
England
3 0 3 – 1979, 1987, 1992
New Zealand
1 0 1 – 2015
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ICC CWC History". International Cricket Council. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "ICC Cricket World Cup". ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Rodrigopulle, Elmo (11 April 2007). "Big money for winner of World Cup 2007". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Cabinet of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Wijesiri, Lionel (28 April 2011). "Battle for World cricket supremacy". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Cabinet of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Outsiders seek to prove their worth". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu Group. 4 March 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "World Cup / Records / Series results". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Martin. "The World Cup – A brief history". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Vatsyayana, Manoj (14 February 2011). "A history of the Cricket World Cup from 1975 to 2007". Fox Sports. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Records / World Cup / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mumbai now also becomes cricket capital". Hindustan Times. New Delhi: HT Media Ltd. 2 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Prudential World Cup –1975". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Clive Lloyd – 1975". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 3 January 2003. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Prudential World Cup, 1975 – Fall of wickets and partnerships". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Preston, Norman. "The Prudential World Cup Final, 1975". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Prudential World Cup, 1979 – Fall of wickets and partnerships". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Prudential World Cup – 1979". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Preston, Norman. "Prudential World Cup final, 1979". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Clive Lloyd –1979". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 3 January 2003. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "India defy the odds". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Prudential World Cup – 1983". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Reliance World Cup – 1987/88". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "1987–88 World Cup – Final". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Benson & Hedges World Cup – 1991/92". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Benson & Hedges World Cup 1991–92 final". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. ESPN. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Wills World Cup – Final – Australia v Sri Lanka". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Coverdale, Brydon. "Rollercoaster riders". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Paul Reiffel – 1999". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 January 2003. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "ICC World Cup – Final – Australia v Pakistan". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Partnership records". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "ICC World Cup – Final – Australia v India". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Brett, Oliver (28 April 2007). "Final: Australia v Sri Lanka". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "ICC World Cup Final 2006/07". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "ICC Cricket World Cup 2011". Cricket News. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Sheringham, Sam (2 April 2011). "India power past Sri Lanka to Cricket World Cup triumph". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "ICC World Cup Final 2010/11". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
External links[edit]
Official ICC website
Winning Squads
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The Great Food Truck Race
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Great Food Truck Race
Genre
Cooking
Reality
Presented by
Tyler Florence
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
51[1] (list of episodes)
Production company(s)
Critical Content
Release
Original network
Food Network
The Great Food Truck Race is a reality television and cooking series that originally aired on August 15, 2010, on Food Network, with Tyler Florence as the host.[2] Billed as a cross between Cannonball Run and Top Chef,[3] this late summer show features several competing teams of three who drive across the United States in their food trucks and make stops every week to sell food in different cities.
Contents
1 Format
2 Series overview
3 Production Notes
4 References
5 External links
Format[edit]
Every season, between six and eight food truck teams compete in a race where they must cook, sell, and adapt to different challenges in the hopes of winning $50,000 (and in some cases, their very own food truck). Starting off on the west coast and driving east, every week the food truck that makes the least profit is eliminated and sent home, while the rest of the food trucks continue on to the next city. They're usually given "seed money" at the beginning of each episode that goes towards grocery shopping. The teams are assigned different challenges every week for a chance to earn more money (usually in the form of selling the most of a special dish or making a version of a local delicacy for Tyler and a guest judge). They're also thrown obstacles that hinder their ability to make normal sales (for example, switching their menu to vegan food or being unable to restock supplies for the day).
In the first two seasons of the Great Food Truck Race, the competitors were seasoned, professional food truck operators who were competing for a cash prize (first season was $50,000 and second season was $100,000). In the following seasons (save for season six), food trucks were provided to novices (from home cooks to former restaurateurs) who have dreamt of owning and operating their very own food truck. In seasons three, four, and five, the winning team got the money and got to keep the food truck they were provided with by the show. In season six and onward, the show reverted to awarding the winning teams only the $50,000.
Series overview[edit]
List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes
Season
Episodes
Season premiere
Season finale
1 6 August 15, 2010 (2010-08-15) September 19, 2010 (2010-09-19)
2 7 August 14, 2011 (2011-08-14) September 25, 2011 (2011-09-25)
3 7 August 19, 2012 (2012-08-19) September 30, 2012 (2012-09-30)
4 7 August 18, 2013 (2013-08-18) September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
5 7 August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17) September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
6 6 August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23) September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
7 5 August 28, 2016 (2016-08-28) September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
8 6 August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20) September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
9 6 July 26, 2018 (2018-07-26) August 30, 2018 (2018-08-30)
Production Notes[edit]
Bob Tuschman, general manager of the Food Network, had gotten several pitches for a food truck themed competition show before settling on the show that would become The Great Food Truck Race. He believed it to be ideal because it combined the Survivor-style reality show competition with the rising trend of food trucks.[4] Tyler Florence was immediately on board and as the show grew and got renewed, so did the food truck scene. Florence believed the food truck trend grew in large part because of the economic slump around the early 2000s, and his show "helped invent an entirely new genre of restaurants".[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Great Food Truck Race Episodes". Television Food Network G.P. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Florence Interview". Tvsquad.com. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Tyler Florence talks about Food Network's new reality competition". ew.com. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Food (Truck) Fight: Putting Griddle to the Metal". nytimes.com.
Jump up ^ "How 'The Great Food Truck Race' Influenced America's Food Truck Scene". thedailymeal.com.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Great Food Truck Race on IMDb
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Food Network original programming
Current
Barefoot Contessa (since 2002)
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Dessert Games (since 2017)
Food Network Star (since 2005)
Girl Meets Farm (since 2018)
The Great Food Truck Race (since 2010)
Guy's Grocery Games (since 2013)
Halloween Baking Championship (since 2015)
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Iron Chef America (since 2005)
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Ask Aida (2008–2009)
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Big Daddy's House (2008–2011)
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Chocolate with Jacques Torres (2002–2004)
Cupcake Wars (2009–2016)
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Everyday Italian (2003–2008)
Extreme Cuisine with Jeff Corwin (2009–2010)
Feasting on Asphalt (2006–2008)
Food 911 (2000–2006)
Food Network Challenge (2007–2011)
Giada at Home (2008–2015)
Giada's Weekend Getaways (2007–2008)
Glutton for Punishment (2007–2011)
Good Deal with Dave Lieberman (2005–2007)
Guy's Big Bite (2006–2016)
Ham on the Street (2006)
How'd That Get on My Plate? (2008)
The Next Iron Chef (2007–2012)
Party Line with the Hearty Boys (2005–2006)
Paula's Best Dishes (2008–2013)
Paula's Home Cooking (2002–2012)
Private Chefs of Beverly Hills (2009–2011)
Rachael Ray's Tasty Travels (2005–2009)
Road Tasted (2006–2008)
The Secret Life of... (2002–2008)
Sara's Secrets (2002–2007)
Sugar Rush (2005–2007)
Ten Dollar Dinners (2009–2012)
Throwdown! with Bobby Flay (2006–2010)
Tyler's Ultimate (2003–2010)
Ultimate Recipe Showdown (2008–2010)
Unwrapped (2001–2011)
What Would Brian Boitano Make? (2009–2010)
Will Work for Food (2009)
2010s debuts
24 Hour Restaurant Battle (2010–2011)
$24 in 24 (2012)
Aarti Party (2010–2011)
America's Best Cook (2014)
The Best Thing I Ever Made (2011–2013)
BBQ Blitz (2015)
Brunch @ Bobby's (2010–2015)
Chef Wanted with Anne Burrell (2012–2013)
Chopped Junior (2015–2017)
Clash of the Grandmas (2015–2016)
Cutthroat Kitchen (2013–2017)
Dessert First with Anne Thornton (2010–2011)
Food Network Star Kids (2016)
Guilty Pleasures (2015–2016)
Heat Seekers (2011–2012)
I Hart Food (2017)
Iron Chef Showdown (2017)
Kid in a Candy Store (2010–2011)
Kids BBQ Championship (2016–2017)
Kitchen Casino (2014)
Kitchen Sink (2016–2017)
Mystery Diners (2012–2016)
Patricia Heaton Parties (2015–2016)
Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off (2012–2014)
Restaurant Express (2013)
Restaurant: Impossible (2011–2016)
Restaurant Stakeout (2012–2014)
Rewrapped (2014)
Southern at Heart (2013–2016)
Sweet Genius (2011–2013)
Top 5 Restaurants (2015–2016)
Worst Bakers in America (2016)
Pilots and specials
The Big Waste (2012)
Kids Halloween Baking Championship (2016)
Rebel Eats (2013)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Food_Truck_Race&oldid=856405674"
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Food reality television series
American reality television series
Food trucks
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Great_Food_Truck_Race
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Great_Food_Truck_Race rootpage-The_Great_Food_Truck_Race skin-vector action-view