text:
Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Cartoonist W. A. Rogers in 1906 sees the political uses of Oz: he depicts William Randolph Hearst as Scarecrow stuck in his own Ooze in Harper's Weekly
Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Scholars have examined four quite different versions of Oz: the novel of 1900,[1] the Broadway play of 1901,[2] the Hollywood film of 1939,[3] and the numerous follow-up Oz novels written after 1900 by Baum and others.[4]
The political interpretations focus on the first three, and emphasize the close relationship between the visual images and the story line to the political interests of the day. Biographers report that Baum had been a political activist in the 1890s with a special interest in the money question of gold and silver, and the illustrator Denslow was a full-time editorial cartoonist for a major daily newspaper. For the 1901 Broadway production Baum inserted explicit references to prominent political characters such as President Theodore Roosevelt.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 References
3 Bibliography
4 Further reading
Overview[edit]
In a 1964 article,[5] educator and historian Henry Littlefield outlined an allegory in the book of the late 19th-century debate regarding monetary policy. According to this view, for instance, the Yellow Brick Road represents the gold standard, and the silver slippers (ruby in the 1939 film version) represent the Silverite sixteen to one silver ratio (dancing down the road).
The thesis achieved considerable popular interest and elaboration by many scholars in history, economics and other fields,[6] but that thesis has been challenged.[7][8][9] Certainly the 1901 musical version of Oz written by Baum, was for an adult audience and had numerous explicit references to contemporary politics,[2] though in these references Baum seems just to have been "playing for laughs".[10] The 1902 stage adaptation mentioned, by name, President Theodore Roosevelt and other political celebrities.[11] For example, the Tin Woodman wonders what he would do if he ran out of oil. "You wouldn't be as badly off as John D. Rockefeller", the Scarecrow responds, "He'd lose six thousand dollars a minute if that happened."[2]
Littlefield's knowledge of the 1890s was thin, and he made numerous errors, but since his article was published, scholars in history,[8] political science,[1] and economics[7] have asserted that the images and characters used by Baum closely resemble political images that were well known in the 1890s. Quentin Taylor, for example, claimed that many of the events and characters of the book resemble the actual political personalities, events and ideas of the 1890s.[11] Dorothy—naïve, young and simple—represents the American people. She is Everyman, led astray and seeking the way back home.[11] Moreover, following the road of gold leads eventually only to the Emerald City, which may symbolize the fraudulent world of greenback paper money that only pretends to have value.[11] It is ruled by a scheming politician (the Wizard) who uses publicity devices and tricks to fool the people (and even the Good Witches) into believing he is benevolent, wise, and powerful when really he is a selfish, evil humbug. He sends Dorothy into severe danger hoping she will rid him of his enemy the Wicked Witch of the West. He is powerless and, as he admits to Dorothy, "I'm a very bad Wizard".[12]
Historian Quentin Taylor sees additional metaphors, including:
The Scarecrow as a representation of American farmers and their troubles in the late 19th century
The Tin Man representing the industrial workers, especially those of American steel industries
The Cowardly Lion as a metaphor for William Jennings Bryan
Taylor also claimed a sort of iconography for the cyclone: it was used in the 1890s as a metaphor for a political revolution that would transform the drab country into a land of color and unlimited prosperity. It was also used by editorial cartoonists of the 1890s to represent political upheaval.[11]
Other putative allegorical devices of the book include the Wicked Witch of the West as a figure for the actual American West; if this is true, then the Winged Monkeys could represent another western danger: Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The King of the Winged Monkeys tells Dorothy, "Once we were a free people, living happily in the great forest, flying from tree to tree, eating nuts and fruit and doing just as we pleased without calling anybody master. ... This was many years ago, long before Oz came out of the clouds to rule over this land."[10]
In fact, Baum proposed in two editorials he wrote in December 1890 for his newspaper, the Saturday Pioneer, the total genocidal slaughter of all remaining indigenous peoples. "The Whites," Baum wrote, "by law of conquest, by justice of civilization, are masters of the American continent, and the best safety of the frontier settlements will be secured by the total annihilation of the few remaining Indians. Why not annihilation?"[13][14]
Other writers have used the same evidence to lead to precisely opposite allegorical interpretations.[8]
Apart from intentional symbolism, scholars have speculated on the sources of Baum's ideas and imagery. The "man behind the curtain" could be a reference to automated store window displays of the sort famous at Christmas season in big city department stores; many people watching the fancy clockwork motions of animals and mannequins thought there must be an operator behind the curtain pulling the levers to make them move (Baum was the editor of the trade magazine read by window dressers).[15]
Additional allegories have been developed, without claims that they were originally intended by Baum. The text has been treated as a theosophical allegory.[16] In 1993, W. Geoffrey Seeley recast the story as an exercise in treachery, suggesting the supposed "Good Witch Glinda" used an innocent, ignorant patsy (Dorothy) to overthrow both her own sister witch (Witch of the West) and the Wizard of Oz, leaving herself as undisputed master of all four corners of Oz: North, East, West and South (and presumably the Emerald City). She even showed her truest "Machiavellian brilliance" by allowing the story to be entitled after the weakest of her three opponents. Glinda could have told Dorothy that the "silver slippers would easily do the job [of returning Dorothy to her beloved home] but decided that a destabilizing force such as Dorothy might be just the thing to shake up her other rival [The Wizard of Oz]."[17] Kassinger, in her book Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips, purports that "The Wizard symbolizes bankers who support the gold standard and oppose adding silver to it... Only Dorothy's silver slippers can take her home to Kansas," meaning that by Dorothy not realizing that she had the silver slippers the whole time, Dorothy, or "the westerners", never realized they already had a viable currency of the people.[18]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Ritter, Gretchen (August 1997). "Silver slippers and a golden cap: L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and historical memory in American politics". Journal of American Studies. 31 (2): 171–203. JSTOR 27556260. doi:10.1017/s0021875897005628.
^ Jump up to: a b c Swartz, Mark Evan (2000). Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" on Stage and Screen to 1939. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6477-1.
Jump up ^ Olson, James (2001). Historical Dictionary of the Great Depression, 1929–1940. Greenwood. pp. 315–316. ISBN 0-313-30618-4.
Jump up ^ Hearn, Michael Patrick, ed. (2000). The Annotated Wizard of Oz. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04992-2.
Jump up ^ Littlefield, Henry (1964). "The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism" (PDF). American Quarterly. 16 (1): 47–58. doi:10.2307/2710826. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
Jump up ^ Sanders, Mitch (July 1991). "Setting the Standards on the Road to Oz". The Numismatist. American Numismatic Association: 1042–1050. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Hansen, Bradley A. (2002). "The Fable of the Allegory: The Wizard of Oz in Economics" (PDF). Journal of Economic Education. 33 (3). JSTOR 1183440. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2003. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Parker, David B. (1994). "The Rise and Fall of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a 'Parable on Populism'". Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians. 15: 49–63. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Jump up ^ Gjovaag, Eric (2006). "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Frequently Asked Questions: About The Oz Books". The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Website. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Dighe, Ranjit S., ed. (2002). The historian's Wizard of Oz: reading L. Frank Baum's classic as a political and Monetary Allegory. ISBN 0-275-97418-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Taylor, Quentin P. (2004-12-02). "Money and Politics in the Land of Oz". The Independent Institute. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Jump up ^ Baum, L. Frank; Denslow, William Wallace; Hearn, Michael Patrick (2000), Denslow, William Wallace; Hearn, Michael Patrick, eds., The Annotated Wizard of Oz: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, W. W. Norton & Company, p. 271, ISBN 9780393049923
Jump up ^ Byrd, Jodi A. (Spring 2007). "'Living My Native Life Deadly': Red Lake, Ward Churchill, and the Discourses of Competing Genocides". American Indian Quarterly. 31 (2): 310–332; 319.
Jump up ^ Hastings, A. Waller. "L. Frank Baum's Editorials on the Sioux Nation". Northern.edu. Complete text of Baum's editorials. Archived from the original on August 13, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Culver, Stuart (1988). "What Manikins Want: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Art of Decorating Dry Goods Windows and Interiors". Representations. 21: 97–116. doi:10.1525/rep.1988.21.1.99p02045.
Jump up ^ Algeo, John (1988). "Oz and Kansas: A Theosophical Quest". In Gannon, Susan R.; Thompson, Ruth Anne. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Children's Literature Association. Kansas City: University of Missouri. pp. 135–39. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Jump up ^ Seeley, W. Geoffrey (1993-12-26). "The Geo-Politics of Oz; Now It Can Be Told! Treachery, Tin Men, Hegemony and Toto". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Jump up ^ Kassinger, Ruth (2003). Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips. 21st Century. ISBN 0-7613-2110-1.
Bibliography[edit]
Barrett, Laura (March 22, 2006). "From Wonderland to Wasteland: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The Great Gatsby, and the New American Fairy Tale". Papers on Language and Literature. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Baum, L. Frank. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), online edition with black and white illustrations; online version from Gutenberg, without illustrations; online version with color illustrations
Blythe, Martin (2006). "Oz is China: A Political Fable of Chinese Dragons and White Tigers". Sexual Fables. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Bernstein, Robin (2011). Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights,. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8708-3.
Clanton, Gene (1991). Populism: The Humane Preference in America, 1890–1900. Twayne Pub. ISBN 0-8057-9744-0.
Culver, Stuart (1992). "Growing Up in Oz". American Literary History. 4 (4). JSTOR 489788.
Erisman, Fred L. (1968). "L. Frank Baum and the Progressive Dilemma". American Quarterly. 20 (3): 616–623. JSTOR 2711021. doi:10.2307/2711021.
Gessel, Michael; Koupal, Nancy Tystad; Erisman, Fred (2001). "The Politics of Oz: a Symposium". South Dakota History. 31 (2): 146–168. ISSN 0361-8676.
Gilead, Sarah (March 1991). "Magic Abjured: Closure in Children's Fantasy Fiction". PMLA. 106 (2). JSTOR 462663.
Griswold, Jerry (1987). "There's No Place But Home: The Wizard of Oz". The Antioch Review. 45 (4): 462–75. doi:10.2307/4611799.
Jahangir, Rumeana (2009-03-17). "Secrets of the Wizard of Oz". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Jensen, Richard (1971). The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-39825-0. chapter 10
Karp, Andrew (1998). "Utopian Tension in L. Frank Baum's Oz". Utopian Studies. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Kim, Helen M. (1996). "Strategic Credulity: Oz as Mass Cultural Parable". Cultural Critique (33): 213–233. JSTOR 1354392.
Leach, William. Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture (1993), pp. 248–260. excerpt and text search
Leach, William. "The Clown from Syracuse: The Life and Times of L. Frank Baum. " introduction to Leach, ed. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 1991. pp 1–34.
Nesbet, Anne (2001). "In Borrowed Balloons: The Wizard of Oz and the History of Soviet Aviation". The Slavic and East European Journal. American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages. 45 (1): 80–95. JSTOR 3086411. doi:10.2307/3086411.
Riley, Michael O. (1997). Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum. University of Kansas Press. ISBN 0-7006-0832-X.
Ritter, Gretchen (1999). Goldbugs and Greenbacks: The Anti-Monopoly Tradition and the Politics of Finance in America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65392-4.
Rockoff, Hugh (August 1990). "The 'Wizard of Oz' as a Monetary Allegory" (PDF). Journal of Political Economy. 98 (4). JSTOR 2937766. doi:10.1086/261704.
Velde, Francois R. (2002). "Following the Yellow Brick Road: How the United States Adopted the Gold Standard". Economic Perspectives. 26 (2). SSRN 377760  . doi:10.2139/ssrn.377760.
Ziaukas, Tim (1998). "100 Years of Oz: Baum's 'Wizard of Oz' as Gilded Age Public Relations". Public Relations Quarterly. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Further reading[edit]
The Yellow Brick Road to Utopia—a comparison of the book and film
Pros and cons of Oz as an allegory
[show]
v
t
e
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Canonical books
L. Frank Baum
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904)
Ozma of Oz (1907)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908)
The Road to Oz (1909)
The Emerald City of Oz (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913)
Tik-Tok of Oz (1914)
The Scarecrow of Oz (1915)
Rinkitink in Oz (1916)
The Lost Princess of Oz (1917)
The Tin Woodman of Oz (1918)
The Magic of Oz (1919)
Glinda of Oz (1920)
Ruth Plumly
Thompson
The Royal Book of Oz (1921)
Kabumpo in Oz (1922)
The Cowardly Lion of Oz (1923)
Grampa in Oz (1924)
The Lost King of Oz (1925)
The Hungry Tiger of Oz (1926)
The Gnome King of Oz (1927)
The Giant Horse of Oz (1928)
Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz (1929)
The Yellow Knight of Oz (1930)
Pirates in Oz (1931)
The Purple Prince of Oz (1932)
Ojo in Oz (1933)
Speedy in Oz (1934)
The Wishing Horse of Oz (1935)
Captain Salt in Oz (1936)
Handy Mandy in Oz (1937)
The Silver Princess in Oz (1938)
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939)
Others
The Wonder City of Oz (1940)
The Scalawagons of Oz (1941)
Lucky Bucky in Oz (1942)
The Magical Mimics in Oz (1946)
The Shaggy Man of Oz (1949)
The Hidden Valley of Oz (1951)
Merry Go Round in Oz (1963)
Yankee in Oz (1972)
The Enchanted Island of Oz (1976)
The Forbidden Fountain of Oz (1980)
The Ozmapolitan of Oz (1986)
The Wicked Witch of Oz (1993)
The Giant Garden of Oz (1993)
The Runaway in Oz (1995)
The Rundelstone of Oz (2000)
The Emerald Wand of Oz (2005)
Trouble Under Oz (2006)
Alternate
Dorothy of Oz (1989)
Locations
and elements
Land of Oz
Emerald City
Munchkin Country
Gillikin Country
Winkie Country
Quadling Country
Yellow brick road
Oogaboo
Deadly Desert
Nonestica
Forest of Burzee
Land of Ev
Merryland
Mo
Ix
Nome Kingdom
Noland
Ruby slippers
Silver Shoes
Apocrypha
The Oz Film Manufacturing Company
Characters
Dorothy Gale
Toto
Princess Ozma
The Wizard of Oz
Scarecrow
Tin Woodman
Cowardly Lion
Jack Pumpkinhead
Tik-Tok
Sawhorse
Trot
Hungry Tiger
Good Witch of the North
Glinda, the Good Witch of the South
Wicked Witch of the West
Wicked Witch of the East
Aunt Em
Uncle Henry
Betsy Bobbin
Billina
Boq
Button-Bright
Cap'n Bill
Eureka
Herby
Jellia Jamb
Jenny Jump
Jinjur
Jinnicky the Red Jinn
John Dough
Kabumpo
Mombi
Munchkins
Nome King
Ojo the Lucky
Pastoria
Patchwork Girl
Peter Brown
Pigasus
Polychrome
Queen Lurline
Shaggy Man
Soldier with the Green Whiskers
Winged monkeys
Woggle-Bug
Other writers
Authors
John R. Neill
Jack Snow
Rachel Cosgrove Payes
Eloise Jarvis McGraw
Dick Martin
Alexander Volkov
Gregory Maguire
Sherwood Smith
Roger S. Baum
Illustrators
William Wallace Denslow
Frank Kramer
Dirk Gringhuis
Dick Martin
Eric Shanower
William Stout
[show]
Adaptations and other derivative works
Films
The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays (1908)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910)
Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz (1910)
The Land of Oz (1910)
John Dough and the Cherub (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914)
The Magic Cloak of Oz (1914)
His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz (1914)
The Wizard of Oz (1925)
The Wizard of Oz (1933)
The Wizard of Oz (1939)
Return to Oz (1964)
The Wonderful Land of Oz (1969)
Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde (1971)
Journey Back to Oz (1974)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1975)
The Wiz (1978)
The Wizard of Oz (1982)
Return to Oz (1985)
Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz (1987)
The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (1990)
Lion of Oz (2000)
The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005)
Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz (2011)
Dorothy and the Witches of Oz (2011)
After the Wizard (2011)
Oz the Great and Powerful (2013)
Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (2014)
Ozland (2014)
Guardians of Oz (2015)
Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz (2016)
Stage
The Wizard of Oz (1902)
The Woggle-Bug (1905)
The Tik-Tok Man of Oz (1913)
The Wizard of Oz (1942)
The Wiz (1974)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1981)
The Wizard of Oz (1987)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2000)
The Wizard of Oz (2011)
The Woodsman (2012)
Television
Tales of the Wizard of Oz (1961)
Off to See the Wizard (1967)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986)
The Wizard of Oz (1990)
The Oz Kids (1996)
Lost in Oz (2002)
Once Upon a Time (since 2011)
The Wiz Live! (2015)
Lost In Oz (2015)
Emerald City (2017)
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz (2017)
Comics
Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz (1904–05)
Adventures in Oz (1986–92)
The Enchanted Apples of Oz (1986)
Oz Squad (1991)
Lost Girls (1991–92)
Oz (1994)
Dorothy of Oz (2006)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2009)
Video
games
The Wizard of Oz (1993)
The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road (2008)
Emerald City Confidential (2009)
Parodies
The Wozard of Iz
Os Trapalhões e o Mágico de Oróz
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's
Wizard of Odd
Reimagining
The Wizard of Mars (1965)
Hunter (1973)
Zardoz (1974)
Oz (1976)
The Number of the Beast (1980)
A Barnstormer in Oz (1982)
The Wizard of A.I.D.S. (1987)
The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz (1990)
Twister (1994)
The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass (1997)
Tin Man (2007)
Dorothy Must Die (2014)
The Wicked Will Rise (2015)
The Wicked
Years
Wicked
Son of a Witch
A Lion Among Men
Out of Oz
Wicked (musical)
Characters
Others
Rainbow Road to Oz
MÄR
The Wizard of Oz (pinball)
The Wizard of Oz (arcade game)
Related
The International Wizard of Oz Club
The Baum Bugle
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_interpretations_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz&oldid=803059540"
Categories:
Literary criticism
Metallism
Oz studies
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 30 September 2017, at 05:38.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: href class title

attrs: href title

attrs: class style

value: b

values: Iron and steel industry in the United States

values:
/wiki/American_West
mw-redirect
American West

values:
/wiki/Winged_Monkeys
mw-redirect
Winged Monkeys

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/27556260

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F2710826

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1183440

values:
/wiki/The_Independent_Institute
mw-redirect
The Independent Institute

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/55

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/489788

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2711021

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F2711021

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-8676

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/462663

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F4611799

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1354392

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0679754113

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/3086411

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F3086411

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2937766

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1086%2F261704

values:
nofollow
external text
//ssrn.com/abstract=377760

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.377760

values: The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story

values: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)

values:
/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(video_game)
mw-redirect
The Wizard of Oz (video game)

values:
/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Ha%27s
mw-redirect
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's

values:
/wiki/Hunter_(film)
mw-redirect
Hunter (film)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Political_interpretations_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz rootpage-Political_interpretations_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view