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Federal republic
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A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government.[1] At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means: "a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen".
In a federal republic, there is a division of powers between the federal government, and the government of the individual subdivisions. While each federal republic manages this division of powers differently, common matters relating to security and defense, and monetary policy are usually handled at the federal level, while matters such as infrastructure maintenance and education policy are usually handled at the regional or local level. However, views differ on what issues should be a federal competence, and subdivisions usually have sovereignty in some matters where the federal government does not have jurisdiction. A federal republic is thus best defined in contrast to a unitary republic, whereby the central government has complete sovereignty over all aspects of political life. This more decentralized structure helps to explain the tendency for more populous countries to operate as federal republics.[2] Most federal republics codify the division of powers between orders of government in a written constitutional document.
The political differences between a federal republic and other federal states, especially federal monarchies under a parliamentary system of government, are largely a matter of legal form rather than political substance, as most federal states are democratic in structure if not practice with checks and balances. However, some federal monarchies, such as the United Arab Emirates are based upon principles other than democracy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Contemporary
2 Historic
3 See also
4 Notes and references
5 External links
Contemporary[edit]
Federal state
Official name and style
Subdivisions
Head of state
Argentina Argentine Republic Provinces and one autonomous city President
Austria[3] Republic of Austria States President
Bosnia and Herzegovina[4] Bosnia and Herzegovina Entities, Cantons and one federal District Collective presidency
Brazil[5] Federative Republic of Brazil States and one federal district President
Comoros Union of the Comoros Autonomous islands President
Ethiopia[6] Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Regions President
Germany[7] Federal Republic of Germany States President
India[8] Republic of India States and territories President
Iraq Republic of Iraq Provinces President
Mexico[9] United Mexican States States and one autonomous entity President
Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia States President
Nepal[10] Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Provinces President
Nigeria[11] Federal Republic of Nigeria States and one federal territory President
Pakistan[12] Islamic Republic of Pakistan Provinces President
Russia[13] Russian Federation Federal subjects President
Somalia Federal Republic of Somalia Regions President
South Sudan Republic of South Sudan States President
Sudan Republic of Sudan States President
Switzerland[14] Swiss Confederation Cantons Federal council
United States[15] United States of America States and one federal district President
Venezuela[16] Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela States, one capital district and federal dependencies President
Historic[edit]
Federation
Official name and style
Period
Subdivisions
Dutch Republic Republic of the Seven United Netherlands 1581–1795 Provinces
Great Colombia Republic of Colombia
United States of Colombia 1819–1831
1863–1886 States
Federal Republic of Central America United Provinces of Central America
Federal Republic of Central America 1823–1838
Mexico United Mexican States 1824–1835
Confederate States Confederate States of America 1861–1865 States
China Republic of China 1912–1949[17] Provinces
Germany German Reich (Weimar Republic) 1919–1933 States
Russian SFSR Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
(Russian Federation from 25 December 1991) 1917–1993 Federal subjects
Soviet Union Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1922–1991 Republics
Yugoslavia[18] Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1945–1992 Republics
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Serbia and Montenegro Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro 1992–2003
2003–2006 Republics
Burma Union of Burma 1948–1962 States
Indonesia Republic of the United States of Indonesia 1949–1950[19] States
Cameroon Federal Republic of Cameroon 1961–1972
Czechoslovakia[18] Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic 1969–1990
1990–1992 Republics
See also[edit]
Form of government
List of republics
Federal monarchy
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ "republic".
Jump up ^ Forum of Federations: [1], Schram, Sanford. Handbook of Federal Countries: United States, pg 373-391, 2005.
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Austria, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Brazil, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Ethiopia, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Germany, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: India, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Mexico, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Nepal, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Nigeria, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Pakistan, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Russia, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Switzerland, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: United States, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook: Venezuela, 14 May 2009
Jump up ^ Government continued in Taiwan.
^ Jump up to: a b The CIA World Factbook officially dated October 15, 1991
Jump up ^ The states lived on until a final treaty in 1956 in which Republic of South Maluku and the State of Eastern Sumatra agreed to devolve into the Republic of Indonesia.[citation needed]
External links[edit]
[hide]
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Autonomous types of first-tier subdivision administration
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Federal monarchy
Federal republic
Federated state
Federation
Fiscal federalism
Regional state
Symmetric federalism
Unitary state
Devolution
See also
Autonomy
Autonomous area
Decentralization
Home rule
Multinational state
Personal union
Subsidiarity
Supranationalism
Tribal sovereignty
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Furman v. Georgia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Furman v. Georgia
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued January 17, 1972
Decided June 29, 1972
Full case name
William Henry Furman v. State of Georgia
Citations
408 U.S. 238 (more)
92 S. Ct. 2726; 33 L. Ed. 2d 346; 1972 U.S. LEXIS 169
Prior history
Certiorari granted (403 U.S. 952)
Subsequent history
Rehearing denied (409 U.S. 902)
Holding
The arbitrary and inconsistent imposition of the death penalty violates the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, and constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
Court membership
Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger
Associate Justices
William O. Douglas · William J. Brennan, Jr.
Potter Stewart · Byron White
Thurgood Marshall · Harry Blackmun
Lewis F. Powell, Jr. · William Rehnquist
Case opinions
Per curiam.
Concurrence
Douglas
Concurrence
Brennan
Concurrence
Stewart
Concurrence
White
Concurrence
Marshall
Dissent
Burger, joined by Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist
Dissent
Blackmun
Dissent
Powell, joined by Burger, Blackmun, Rehnquist
Dissent
Rehnquist, joined by Burger, Blackmun, Powell
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amends. VIII, XIV
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) was a criminal case in which the United States Supreme Court struck down all death penalty schemes in the United States in a 5–4 decision, with each member of the majority writing a separate opinion.[1]:467–8 Following Furman, in order to reinstate the death penalty, states had to at least remove arbitrary and discriminatory effects, to satisfy the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[1]:468
The decision ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. This case led to a de facto moratorium on capital punishment throughout the United States, which came to an end when Gregg v. Georgia was decided in 1976 to allow the death penalty.
The Supreme Court consolidated Jackson v. Georgia and Branch v. Texas with the Furman decision, and thus also invalidated the death penalty for rape (this ruling was confirmed post-Gregg in Coker v. Georgia). The Court had also intended to include the case of Aikens v. California, but between the time Aikens had been heard in oral argument and a decision was to be issued, the Supreme Court of California decided in California v. Anderson that the death penalty violated the state constitution. The Aikens case was dismissed as moot since all death sentences in California were reduced to life imprisonment.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Decision
3 Dissents
4 Aftermath
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Background[edit]
In the Furman v. Georgia case, the resident awoke in the middle of the night to find William Henry Furman committing burglary in his house. At trial, in an unsworn statement allowed under Georgia criminal procedure, Furman said that while trying to escape, he tripped and the weapon he was carrying fired accidentally, killing the victim. This contradicted his prior statement to police that he had turned and blindly fired a shot while fleeing. In either event, because the shooting occurred during the commission of a felony, Furman would have been guilty of murder and eligible for the death penalty under then-extant state law, according to the felony murder rule. Furman was tried for murder and was found guilty based largely on his own statement. Although he was sentenced to death, the punishment was never carried out.
Jackson v. Georgia, like Furman, was also a death penalty case confirmed by the Supreme Court of Georgia. Unlike Furman, however, the convicted man in Jackson had not killed anyone, but attempted to commit armed robbery and committed rape in the process of doing so. Branch v. Texas was brought to the Supreme Court of the United States on appeal on certiorari to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Like Jackson, Branch was convicted of rape.[2]
Decision[edit]
In a 5–4 decision, the Court's one-paragraph per curiam opinion held that the imposition of the death penalty in these cases constituted cruel and unusual punishment and violated the Constitution.[3] However, the majority could not agree as to a rationale. There was no opinion of the court or plurality as none of the five justices constituting the majority joined in the opinion of any other.
Justices Potter Stewart, Byron White and William O. Douglas expressed similar concerns about the apparent arbitrariness with which death sentences were imposed under the existing laws, often indicating a racial bias against black defendants. Because these opinions were the narrowest, finding only that the death penalty as currently applied was cruel and unusual, they are often considered the controlling majority opinions. Stewart wrote:
These death sentences are cruel and unusual in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual. For, of all the people convicted of rapes and murders in 1967 and 1968, many just as reprehensible as these, the petitioners are among a capriciously selected random handful upon whom the sentence of death has in fact been imposed. My concurring Brothers have demonstrated that, if any basis can be discerned for the selection of these few to be sentenced to death, it is the constitutionally impermissible basis of race. See McLaughlin v. Florida, 379 U.S. 184 (1964) But racial discrimination has not been proved, and I put it to one side. I simply conclude that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments cannot tolerate the infliction of a sentence of death under legal systems that permit this unique penalty to be so wantonly and so freakishly imposed.
Justices William Brennan and Thurgood Marshall concluded that the death penalty was in itself "cruel and unusual punishment," and incompatible with the evolving standards of decency of a contemporary society.
Dissents[edit]
Chief Justice Warren Burger and Justices Harry Blackmun, Lewis F. Powell, and William H. Rehnquist, each appointed by President Richard Nixon, dissented. They argued that a punishment provided in 40 state statutes (at the time) and by the federal government could not be ruled contrary to the so-called "evolving standard of decency."
Aftermath[edit]
The Furman decision caused all death sentences pending at the time to be reduced to life imprisonment, and it was described by scholars as a "legal bombshell."[4] The next day, columnist Barry Schweid wrote that it was "unlikely" that the death penalty could exist anymore in the United States.[5]
The Court's decision forced states and the U.S. Congress to rethink their statutes for capital offenses to ensure that the death penalty would not be administered in a capricious or discriminatory manner.[6]
In the following four years, 37 states enacted new death penalty laws aimed at overcoming the court's concerns about arbitrary imposition of the death penalty. Several statutes that mandated bifurcated trials, with separate guilt-innocence and sentencing phases, and imposing standards to guide the discretion of juries and judges in imposing capital sentences, were upheld in a series of Supreme Court decisions in 1976, led by Gregg v. Georgia. Other statutes enacted in response to Furman, such as Louisiana's which mandated imposition of the death penalty upon conviction of a certain crime, were struck down in cases of that same year.
See also[edit]
Capital punishment in the United States
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 408
Gregg v. Georgia
Baze v. Rees
Glossip v. Gross
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Criminal Law - Cases and Materials, 7th ed. 2012, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; John Kaplan, Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder, ISBN 978-1-4548-0698-1, [1]
Jump up ^ "Branch v. Texas". TheFreeDictionary.com.
Jump up ^ Cornell University Law School. "Furman v. Georgia (No. 69-5003)". cornell.edu.
Jump up ^ Barry Latzer (2010), Death Penalty Cases: Leading U.S. Supreme Court Cases on Capital Punishment, Elsevier, p.37.
Jump up ^ The Free Lance-Star - Jun 30, 1972 : "New laws unlikely on death penalty," by Barry Schweid
Jump up ^ "Furman v. Georgia - The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law". oyez.org.
Further reading[edit]
Smith, Stephen F. (2008). "The Supreme Court and the Politics of Death". Virginia Law Review. 94 (2): 283–383. Archived from the original on 2009-04-04.
Hull, Elizabeth (January 2010). "Guilty On All Counts". Social Policy. 39 (4): 11–25, 15p.
External links[edit]
Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) (full text with links to cited material)
Works related to Furman v. Georgia at Wikisource
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Furman_v._Georgia&oldid=815158882"
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B visa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
B1/B2 visa for an Argentinian citizen
A B visa is one of a category of non-immigrant visas issued by the United States government to foreign citizens seeking entry for a temporary period. The two types of B visa are the B-1 visa, issued to those seeking entry for business purposes, and the B-2 visa, issued to those seeking entry for tourism or other non-business purposes. In practice, the two visa categories are usually combined together and issued as a "B-1/B-2 visa" valid for a temporary visit for either business or pleasure, or a combination of the two. Visitors from some countries do not need to obtain a visa for these purposes (see United States visas).
Contents
1 Cost
1.1 History
2 Entry ban
3 Validity period and duration of stay
3.1 Electronic Visa Update System
4 Visitor visa statistics
4.1 Overstay rate
5 Use for other countries
6 Requirement to overcome presumption of intending immigrant
7 Uses of a B-1/B-2 visa
8 Adjusted Visa Refusal Rate
9 See also
10 External links
11 References
Cost[edit]
The cost of a B visa consists of the application fee, which all applicants must pay (currently 160 USD[1]), and the issuance fee, which varies by nation based on reciprocity and is only paid if the visa is approved.[2]
As of October 2017, only nationals of the following countries must pay the issuance fee.[2]
Country
Issuance fee (USD)
Entries
Visa validity
Notes
Angola 10 multiple 2 years
Australia 0 multiple 1 year May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
25 multiple 5 years
Cameroon 240 multiple 1 year
Central African Republic 40 multiple 1 year
Comoros 31 1 45 days
94 multiple 1 year
Congo 20 multiple 6 months
Democratic Republic of the Congo 150 multiple 1 month
250 multiple 3 months
French nationals in New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna 100 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Kenya 40 multiple 5 years
Kyrgyzstan 45 multiple 5 years
Libya 10 1 3 months
Malawi 0 1 3 months
60 multiple 6 months
140 multiple 1 year
Mauritania 70 multiple 1 year
Myanmar 32 1 3 months For B-1 or B-2.
162 multiple 1 year For B-1 only.
Oman 0 multiple 2 years For B-2 only.
15 multiple 2 years For B-1 or B-1/B-2.
Papua New Guinea 0 1 3 months
15 multiple 1 year
Turkmenistan 0 multiple 3 months
115 multiple 6 months
355 multiple 1 year
Yemen 30 multiple 1 year
History[edit]
Before 1994, there was no application fee, and only the issuance fee was charged, varying by nationality based on reciprocity.[3] In 1994, the application fee was introduced for all applicants, in addition to the reciprocal issuance fee, to pay for the more costly machine-readable visas, which replaced the older stamped visas around that time.[4] The application fee was initially 20 USD, and has increased several times since then.
Date
Application fee (USD)
16 May 1994[4] 20
1 February 1998[5] 45
1 June 2002[6] 65
1 November 2002[7] 100
1 January 2008[8] 131
4 June 2010[9] 140
13 April 2012[10] 160
Entry ban[edit]
This section is transcluded from Visa policy of the United States. (edit | history)

Validity period and duration of stay[edit]
US visa validity period (maximum available for B-1/B-2 type, per country)
United States
10 years
5 years
2-4 years
1 year
3-6 months
As with other non-immigrant U.S. visas, a B-1/B-2 visa has a validity period (from 1 month to 10 years), allows for one, two or multiple entries into the U.S., and elicits a period of stay (maximum 6 months) recorded by the Customs and Border Protection officer at the port of entry on the individual's form I-94. The validity period determines how long the visa may be used to enter the U.S., while the period of stay determines how long the person may stay in the U.S. after each entry.
Validity periods per country are listed in the U.S. Department of State Visa Reciprocity Tables and vary from 1 month for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (with lower issuance fee), 1 year for Vietnam, 3 years for Russia, and 5 years for Pakistan, to 10 years for China, India, Israel, Malaysia, Morocco, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, and most countries in the Americas and Europe. For some countries, longer validity periods are available for higher issuance fees or specific visa types (B-1 or B-2).
Periods of stay for B-1 visas may be granted initially for a duration long enough to allow the visitor to conduct their business, up to a maximum of 6 months, and can be extended for another 6 months;[11] stays with B-1 visas are usually granted for three months or less, while stays with B-2 visas are generally granted for six months.[12] Extensions are possible, provided the individual has not violated the conditions of admission.[13]
A Border Crossing Card (BCC), also called a laser visa, has a 10-year validity and functions as both a BCC and a B-1/B-2 visitor's visa. The BCC is only issued to nationals of Mexico who apply for a visa inside Mexico.[14]
Validity of B visas by nationality, as of October 2017:[2][15]
Country
Issuance fee (USD)
Entries
Validity
Notes
Afghanistan 0 multiple 1 year
Albania 0 multiple 3 years
Algeria 0 multiple 2 years
Andorra 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Angola 10 multiple 2 years
Antigua and Barbuda 0 multiple 10 years
Argentina 0 multiple 10 years
Armenia 0 multiple 10 years
Australia 0 multiple 1 year May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
25 multiple 5 years
Austria 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Azerbaijan 0 multiple 1 year
Bahamas 0 multiple 10 years May also enter without a visa if traveling directly from the country through airport preclearance and holding a police certificate showing no criminal record.
Bahrain 0 multiple 5 years
Bangladesh 0 multiple 5 years
Barbados 0 multiple 10 years
Belarus 0 multiple 1 year
Belgium 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Belize 0 multiple 10 years
Benin 0 multiple 3 years
Bhutan 0 1 3 months
Bolivia 0 multiple 10 years
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 multiple 10 years
Botswana 0 multiple 10 years
Brazil 0 multiple 10 years
Brunei 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Bulgaria 0 multiple 10 years
Burkina Faso 0 multiple 5 years
Burundi 0 multiple 1 year
Cambodia 0 2 3 months
Cameroon 240 multiple 1 year
Canada 0 multiple 10 years May also enter without a visa.
Cape Verde 0 multiple 5 years
Central African Republic 40 multiple 1 year
Chad 0 1 3 months
Chile 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
China 0 multiple 10 years Electronic Visa Update System registration is required.
Colombia 0 multiple 10 years
Comoros 31 1 45 days
94 multiple 1 year
Congo 20 multiple 6 months
Costa Rica 0 multiple 10 years
Croatia 0 multiple 10 years
Cuba 0 1 6 months For B-1 or B-1/B-2.
0 multiple 5 years For B-2 only.
Cyprus 0 multiple 10 years
Czech Republic 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Democratic Republic of the Congo 150 multiple 1 month
250 multiple 3 months
Denmark 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Djibouti 0 multiple 1 year
Dominica 0 multiple 10 years
Dominican Republic 0 multiple 10 years
East Timor 0 2 3 months
Ecuador 0 multiple 5 years
Egypt 0 multiple 5 years
El Salvador 0 multiple 10 years
Equatorial Guinea 0 multiple 5 years
Eritrea 0 multiple 1 year
Estonia 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Ethiopia 0 multiple 2 years For holders of diplomatic or official passports, visa validity is 1 year.
Fiji 0 multiple 10 years
Finland 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
France 0 multiple 10 years For nationals of France in New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna, issuance fee is 100 USD. All nationals of France may also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Gabon 0 multiple 5 years
Gambia 0 multiple 5 years
Georgia 0 multiple 10 years
Germany 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Ghana 0 multiple 5 years
Greece 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Grenada 0 multiple 10 years
Guatemala 0 multiple 10 years
Guinea 0 multiple 3 years
Guinea-Bissau 0 multiple 5 years
Guyana 0 multiple 10 years
Haiti 0 multiple 5 years
Honduras 0 multiple 10 years
Hong Kong 0 multiple 10 years
Hungary 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Iceland 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
India 0 multiple 10 years
Indonesia 0 multiple 5 years
Iran 0 1 3 months
Iraq 0 multiple 1 year
Ireland 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Israel 0 multiple 10 years
Italy 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Ivory Coast 0 multiple 1 year
Jamaica 0 multiple 10 years
Japan 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Jordan 0 multiple 5 years
Kazakhstan 0 multiple 10 years For B-1/B-2 for a religious event, 1 entry and validity of 3 months. For B-1/B-2 for volunteer work, multiple entries and validity of 5 years.
Kenya 40 multiple 5 years
Kiribati 0 multiple 4 years
Kosovo 0 multiple 3 years
Kuwait 0 multiple 10 years
Kyrgyzstan 45 multiple 5 years
Laos 0 1 3 months
Latvia 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Lebanon 0 multiple 5 years
Lesotho 0 multiple 10 years
Liberia 0 multiple 1 year
Libya 10 1 3 months
Liechtenstein 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Lithuania 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Luxembourg 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Macau 0 multiple 10 years For holders of a travel permit instead of a passport, visa validity is 5 years.
Macedonia 0 multiple 10 years
Madagascar 0 multiple 3 months
Malawi 0 1 3 months
60 multiple 6 months
140 multiple 1 year
Malaysia 0 multiple 10 years
Maldives 0 multiple 10 years
Mali 0 multiple 5 years
Malta 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Marshall Islands 0 1 3 months May also enter without a visa.
Mauritania 70 multiple 1 year
Mauritius 0 multiple 10 years
Mexico 0 multiple 10 years
Micronesia 0 2 3 months May also enter without a visa.
Moldova 0 multiple 10 years
Monaco 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Mongolia 0 multiple 10 years
Montenegro 0 multiple 3 years
Morocco 0 multiple 10 years
Mozambique 0 multiple 1 year
Myanmar 32 1 3 months For B-1 or B-2.
162 multiple 1 year For B-1 only.
Namibia 0 multiple 5 years
Nauru 0 multiple 5 years
Nepal 0 multiple 5 years
Netherlands 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
New Zealand 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Nicaragua 0 multiple 10 years
Niger 0 multiple 1 year
Nigeria 0 multiple 2 years
North Korea 0 2 3 months
Norway 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Oman 0 multiple 2 years For B-2 only.
15 multiple 2 years For B-1 or B-1/B-2.
Pakistan 0 multiple 5 years
Palau 0 2 3 months May also enter without a visa.
Palestine 0 multiple 3 years
Panama 0 multiple 10 years
Papua New Guinea 0 1 3 months
15 multiple 1 year
Paraguay 0 multiple 10 years
Peru 0 multiple 10 years
Philippines 0 multiple 10 years
Poland 0 multiple 10 years
Portugal 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Qatar 0 multiple 10 years
Romania 0 multiple 10 years
Russia 0 multiple 3 years
Rwanda 0 multiple 10 years
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 multiple 10 years
Saint Lucia 0 multiple 10 years
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 multiple 10 years
Samoa 0 multiple 10 years
San Marino 0 multiple 5 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
São Tomé and Príncipe 0 multiple 6 months
Saudi Arabia 0 multiple 5 years
Senegal 0 multiple 10 years
Serbia 0 multiple 10 years
Seychelles 0 multiple 10 years
Sierra Leone 0 multiple 3 years
Singapore 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Slovakia 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Slovenia 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Solomon Islands 0 multiple 5 years
Somalia 0 1 3 months
South Africa 0 multiple 10 years
South Korea 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
South Sudan 0 2 3 months
Spain 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Sri Lanka 0 multiple 5 years
Sudan 0 1 3 months For B-2 or B-1/B-2.
0 multiple 1 year For B-1 only.
Suriname 0 multiple 5 years
Swaziland 0 multiple 10 years
Sweden 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Switzerland 0 multiple 10 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Syria 0 multiple 2 years
Taiwan 0 multiple 5 years May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Tajikistan 0 multiple 1 year
Tanzania 0 multiple 1 year
Thailand 0 multiple 10 years
Togo 0 multiple 3 years
Tonga 0 multiple 10 years
Trinidad and Tobago 0 multiple 10 years
Tunisia 0 multiple 10 years
Turkey 0 multiple 10 years
Turkmenistan 0 multiple 3 months
115 multiple 6 months
355 multiple 1 year
Tuvalu 0 multiple 10 years
Uganda 0 multiple 2 years
Ukraine 0 multiple 10 years
United Arab Emirates 0 multiple 10 years
United Kingdom 0 multiple 10 years For British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTCs) of Saint Helena, multiple entries and validity of 5 years. For BOTCs of the Pitcairn Islands, 2 entries and validity of 3 months. BOTCs of Bermuda may also enter without a visa. BOTCs of the British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands may also enter without a visa if traveling directly from the territory and holding a police certificate showing no criminal record. British citizens may also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
Uruguay 0 multiple 10 years
Uzbekistan 0 multiple 1 year
Vanuatu 0 multiple 5 years
Vatican City 0 multiple 5 years
Venezuela 0 multiple 10 years
Vietnam 0 multiple 1 year
Yemen 30 multiple 1 year
Zambia 0 multiple 3 years
Zimbabwe 0 multiple 1 year
stateless 0 2 3 months
Electronic Visa Update System[edit]
A 10-year United States B visa issued to a Chinese citizen. The annotation indicates that Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) enrolment is needed before travel.
On March 15, 2016, the U.S. Custom and Border Protection (CBP) announced that, starting from 29 November 2016, all holders of Chinese passports who also hold 10-year B visas are required to enroll in the Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) before travelling to the United States via land, air or sea. The EVUS is designed for visa holders to update any changes to their basic biographic and employment information at the time of their visa applications. Similar to the ESTA, each EVUS registration is valid for a period of 2 years or until the holder's passport expiration date, whichever comes first, and each user of EVUS must pay a cost recovery fee of US$8 to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Holders of EVUS can travel to the U.S. for unlimited times providing that their EVUS registration and visa remain valid.[16]
The requirement applies to any holder of Chinese passport and B visa with a 10-year validity. It also applies to holders of non-citizen travel documents issued by other countries, such as refugee travel document and certificate of identity, whose nationality is Chinese. It does not apply, however, to holders of HKSAR passports and MSAR passports, holders of B visas with a validity shorter than 10 years, and holders of other types of visas. The CBP and DHS are seeking to expand the EVUS to other nationalities in the future.[17]
EVUS was officially launched on 31 October 2016 for early enrollments. Upon launch, CBP announced that the enrollment fee will be suspended until further notice.[18]
Visitor visa statistics[edit]
Issued B-1/B-2 visas in fiscal 2017
United States
Visa exempt nationalities
Over 400 thousand issued visas
Over 100 thousand issued visas
Over 50 thousand issued visas
Over 25 thousand issued visas
Over 10 thousand issued visas
Over 5 thousand issued visas
Under 5 thousand issued visas
Most B-1,2 visas are issued to the nationals of the following countries (listed over 40,000 visas):[19]
Nationality
Issued B-1,2 visas
2017[19]
2016[20]
2015[21]
China 1,452,834 1,989,925 2,227,670
Mexico[a] 1,088,880 1,106,723 1,234,885
India 599,983 563,202 553,385
Brazil 520,589 450,166 870,008
Colombia 333,433 374,398 345,233
Argentina 353,555 295,326 240,115
Dominican Republic 194,557 136,057 85,140
Ecuador 168,103 150,163 150,458
Russia 164,944 151,692 122,147
Israel 163,495 168,136 137,439
Nigeria 155,940 162,996 136,409
Philippines 115,712 99,967 83,139
Vietnam 100,423 86,180 80,936
Poland 95,272 88,624 81,861
Peru 82,485 79,927 97,936
Costa Rica 75,529 71,710 58,139
Turkey 74,312 85,560 78,118
Jamaica 65,119 94,458 83,483
Hong Kong 62,131 61,708 54,027
Honduras 54,753 48,177 35,004
Egypt 54,216 58,062 46,433
Saudi Arabia 52,476 78,042 85,303
Indonesia 52,233 48,787 48,239
Pakistan 48,537 65,844 62,714
Venezuela 47,087 144,283 223,854
South Africa 46,427 45,240 48,432
Ukraine 45,709 45,638 52,943
Thailand 43,182 47,382 44,795
Guatemala 41,055 52,326 48,735
Total 6,276,851 7,988,520 8,403,683
Jump up ^ Including Border Crossing Cards
In fiscal year 2014, most reasons to refuse a visa were cited as "failure to establish entitlement to nonimmigrant status", "incompatible application" (most overcome), "unlawful presence", "misrepresentation", "criminal convictions", "smugglers" and "controlled substance violators". Smaller number of applications were rejected for "physical or mental disorder", "prostitution", "espionage", "terrorist activities", "falsely claiming citizenship" and other grounds for refusal including "presidential proclamation", "money laundering", "communicable disease" and "commission of acts of torture or extrajudicial killings".[22]
Number of non-immigrant admissions for tourist and business purposes into the United States in fiscal year 2016
United States
Over 2 million admissions
Over 1 million admissions
Over 500 thousand admissions
Over 250 thousand admissions
Over 100 thousand admissions
Over 15 thousand admissions
Under 15 thousand admissions
Highest number of non-immigrant admissions for tourists and for business purposes into the United States in fiscal year 2014, 2015 and 2016 was from the following countries (listed over 700,000 admissions):[23][24][25]
Country
FY2016
FY2015
FY 2014
Mexico 18,420,891 19,175,345 18,889,281
Canada 11,366,670 11,671,122 11,289,743
United Kingdom 4,930,593 4,691,874 4,549,934
Japan 3,717,029 3,750,667 3,933,941
China 2,587,968 2,309,654 2,001,302
Germany 2,190,832 2,208,145 2,283,086
South Korea 2,001,417 1,742,422 1,576,328
France 1,897,398 1,915,725 1,966,335
Brazil 1,866,261 2,383,822 2,275,588
Australia 1,423,898 1,399,615 1,389,358
Italy 1,262,691 1,229,115 1,282,485
India 1,206,225 1,175,153 1,111,738
Spain 1,012,133 953,969 955,737
Argentina 943,224 765,576 730,089
Colombia 885,763 928,424 924,916
Netherlands 766,691 749,826 766,936
Total (worldwide) 69,128,433 69,025,896 67,519,113
Overstay rate[edit]
A number of visitors with B-1/B-2 visa overstayed the maximum duration allowed for their visits. The Department of Homeland Security published a report for Fiscal Year 2015 that lists the number of suspected violations made by passengers who arrived via air or sea. The statistics below exclude persons who left the United States later than their allowed stay or legalized their status and shows only suspected overstays who remained in the country.
Among Mexicans who were admitted via air or sea, 42,114 persons (1.45%) are suspected to overstay their non-immigrant visits for business or pleasure. More than 95% of visitors from Mexico arrive in the U.S. by land rather than by air and sea. Statistics for suspected overstays of the land visitors are yet to be released.[26]
Excluding Mexico, the top 20 countries of nationality by the number of suspected in-country B-1/B-2 visa overstays (out of total 210,825) are:[26]
show
Overstay number
Country
Number of
suspected
in-country
overstays
In-country suspected
overstay rate
(against total
number of
expected departures)
Brazil 35,707 1.52%
Colombia 16,434 1.76%
China 15,692 0.89%
India 12,885 1.46%
Venezuela 12,242 2.13%
Argentina 7,498 1.09%
Dominican Republic 6,990 2.31%
Nigeria 6,781 3.69%
Jamaica 6,614 2.75%
Ecuador 5,612 1.61%
Guatemala 5,419 2.30%
Peru 4,550 1.70%
Honduras 4,075 2.52%
Haiti 3,312 2.72%
Philippines 3,265 1.44%
El Salvador 3,118 2.27%
Russia 2,705 0.94%
Israel 2,375 0.67%
Poland 2,345 1.37%
Ukraine 2,299 3.14%
The top 10 countries of nationality by in-country B-1/B-2 visa overstay rate are:[26]
show
Overstay rate
Country
In-country
suspected overstay
rate (against
total number
of expected
departures)
Djibouti 26.80%
Bhutan 23.98%
Burkina Faso 17.37%
Laos 16.66%
Eritrea 16.33%
Chad 15.36%
Mauritania 12.62%
Georgia 12.24%
Afghanistan 10.25%
Gambia 10.08%
There were also 153,166 persons admitted from the Visa Waiver Program countries who are suspected to overstay their permitted stay in the United States. See Visa Waiver Program Overstay Rate for detailed statistics across such countries.
Use for other countries[edit]
U.S. tourist visas that are valid for further travel are accepted as substitute visas for national visas in following countries:
Albania — 90 days;
Antigua and Barbuda — 30 days; USD 100 visa waiver fee applies.
Belize — 30 days; USD 50 visa waiver fee applies.
Bosnia and Herzegovina — 30 days;[27]
Canada — up to 6 months; only for citizens of Brazil arriving by air with Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA).
Chile — 90 days; for nationals of China only.
Colombia — 90 days; applicable to certain nationalities only.
Costa Rica — 30 days or less if the visa is about to expire; must hold a multiple entry visa.
Dominican Republic — 90 days;
El Salvador — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Georgia — 90 days within any 180-day period;
Guatemala — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Honduras — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Jamaica — 30 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Macedonia — 15 days;
Mexico — 180 days;[28][29]
Montenegro — 30 days;
Nicaragua — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Oman — certain nationalities can obtain an electronic Omani visa if holding a valid U.S. visa.
Panama — 30/180 days; must hold a visa valid for at least 2 more entries.
Peru — 180 days; applicable to nationals of China and India only.
Philippines — 7 days for nationals of China; 14 days for nationals of India.
Qatar — Non-visa-free nationals can obtain an electronic travel authorization for 30 days if holding a valid U.S. visa.
São Tomé and Príncipe — 15 days;
Serbia — 90 days;
South Korea — 30 days;
Taiwan — certain nationalities can obtain an online travel authority if holding a valid U.S. visa.
Turkey — certain nationalities can obtain an electronic Turkish visa if holding a valid U.S. visa.
UAE — Visa on arrival for 14 days; for nationals of India only. (Also applicable for Indian citizens holding U.S. green card.)[30]
Requirement to overcome presumption of intending immigrant[edit]
Under section 214(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, a foreigner must prove to the satisfaction of the Consular officer his or her intent to return to his home country after visiting the United States. The act specifically states:[31]
Every alien (other than a nonimmigrant described in subparagraph (L) or (V) of section 101(a)(15), and other than a nonimmigrant described in any provision of section 101(a)(15)(H)(i) except subclause (b1) of such section) shall be presumed to be an immigrant until he establishes to the satisfaction of the consular officer, at the time of application for a visa, and the immigration officers, at the time of application for admission, that he is entitled to a nonimmigrant status under section 101(a)(15).
In practice, this means that consular officers have wide discretion to deny a visa application. Once refused, there is no judicial or other means to challenge a visa decision. The foreigner, however, is free to apply for a visa again, particularly if circumstances have changed that might show to the consular officer that the applicant overcomes the presumption of being an intending immigrant.[32]
Uses of a B-1/B-2 visa[edit]
Business or pleasure cover a wide variety of possible reasons to visit the United States.
Under the category of temporary visitor for business, a B-1 visa can be used to engage in any of the following activities.[33]
Purchase supplies or materials
Hold business meetings[34]
Perform certain business functions as a member of the board of directors of a U.S. corporation[35]
Settle an estate
Interview and hire staff
Negotiate contracts, sign contracts, or take orders for products manufactured outside the United States[36][34]
Attend a convention, meeting, trade show, or business event for scientific, educational, professional, or business purposes[36][34]
Perform independent research[36][34]
Receive practical medical experience and medical instruction under the supervision and direction of faculty physicians at a U.S. medical school's hospital as part of a third-year or fourth-year internship as long as the visitor is a studying at a foreign medical school and the visitor is not compensated by the hospital without remuneration from the hospital[35]
Observe U.S. medical practices and consult with medical colleagues on techniques, as long as the visitor is a medical doctor, the visitor receives no compensation from a U.S. source, and the visitor does not provide patient care while in the U.S.[35]
Take photographs, as long as the visitor is a professional photographer and the visitor receives no compensation from a U.S. source[35]
Record music, as long as the visitor is a musician, the recording will be distributed and sold only outside the U.S., and the visitor will give no public performances[35]
Create art, as long as the visitor is a creative artist, the visitor is not under contract with a U.S. employer, and the visitor does not intend to regularly sell such artwork in the U.S.[35]
Perform certain professional services[37]
Perform as a professional entertainer as part of a cultural exchange program performed before a nonpaying audience and funded by visitor's country[34]
Perform as a professional entertainer as part of a competition for which there is no compensation other than travel expenses or, in certain limited instances, a prize[34]
Perform work as crew on a private yacht that sails out of a foreign home port and cruises in U.S. waters[34]
Perform services on behalf of a foreign-based employer as a jockey, sulky driver, horse trainer, or horse groomer[35]
Compete in a particular athletic competition[36] with the only compensation being prize money as long as the prize money is not the recipient's primary source of income[34]
Try out for a professional sports team[36] as long as the visitor is not compensated other than reimbursement of travel expenses[34]
Participate in an athletic tournament or athletic sporting event as a professional athlete, as long as the visitor's only compensation is prize money, the visitor's principal place of business or activity is outside the U.S., the visitor's primary source of income is outside the U.S., and the visitor is either part of an international sports league or the sporting activities involved have an international dimension[35]
Survey potential sites for a business[36]
Perform as a lecturer or speaker[36]
Work for a foreign exhibitor in connection with exhibits at international fairs or international exhibits, as long as the visitor's employment responsibilities are primarily outside the U.S.[34]
Install, service, or repair commercial or industrial equipment or machinery that was sold by a non-U.S. company to a U.S. buyer when specifically required by the purchase contract; construction work is not allowed[36][34]
Perform a minor amount of volunteer services, excluding construction, for a religious organization or a nonprofit charitable organization, as long as volunteering is not the primary purpose of entering the U.S.[34]
Participate in a training program that is not designed primarily to provide employment[36]
Observe how a business operates or how professional activities are conducted[34]
Seek investments in the U.S., without actually performing productive labor or actively participating in the management of a business[34]
Participate in Peace Corps training as a volunteer or under contract[34]
Participate in the United Nations Institute for Training and Research internship program, as long a foreign government does not employ the visitor[34]
Drill for oil on the Outer Continental Shelf[34]
As a minister of religion, engage in an evangelical tour, as long as the visitor does not intend to take an appointment with any one church and the visitor will be supported by offerings contributed at each evangelical meeting[35]
As a minister of religion, temporarily exchange pulpits with U.S. ministers of religion, as long as the visitor will continue to be reimbursed by a foreign church and will not be compensated by the U.S. church[35]
Perform missionary work, religious instruction, religious aid to the elderly or needy, or religious proselytizing as a member of a religious denomination, as long as the work does not involve the selling of articles, the solicitation of donation, the acceptance of donations, administrative work, or is a substitute for ordinary labor for hire, and the visitor will not be compensated from U.S. sources other than an allowance or other reimbursement for travel expenses incidental to the temporary stay[35]
Participating in an organized project conducted by a recognized religious or nonprofit charitable organization that benefits U.S. local communities, as long as the visitor is a member of, and has a commitment to, the particular organization, the visitor receives no compensation from a U.S. source other than reimbursement of travel expenses[35]
Under the category of temporary visitor for pleasure, a B-2 visa can be used to:
Travel within the U.S.[35]
Visit family or friends
Participate in a convention, a conference, or a convocation of a fraternal, social, or service nature[35]
Obtain medical treatment as long as the visitor has the means to pay for the medical treatment[35]
Enroll in a short, recreational course of study, as long as it is not credited toward a degree[35]
Participate in an event, talent show, or a contest as an amateur, as long the visitor is not typically compensated for such participation and the visitor does not actually receive payment, other than reimbursement of travel expenses[35]
Enter as a dependent of an alien member of any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces temporarily assigned for duty in the U.S.[35]
Accompany a person with either a D-1 visa or a D-2 visa with the sole purpose of accompanying the person[35]
Enter with the intent of becoming engaged, meeting the family of a fiancé, making arrangements for a wedding, or renewing a relationship with a fiancé[35]
Enter with the intent of marrying a U.S. citizen and then return to a residence outside the U.S. after the marriage[35]
Accompany a spouse or child who is a U.S. citizen on a temporary visit to the U.S.[35]
Enter as a cohabiting (unmarried) partner of a non-immigrant visa holder if the partner is not otherwise eligible for derivative status under the partner's visa classification.[35]
Holders of B-1/B-2 visas are prohibited from engaging in any of the following activities.
Employment, whether paid or unpaid (some exceptions apply)
Receive education which credits to a degree
Arrive in the U.S. as a part of a crew of a ship or an aircraft
Work as a journalist or other information media
Perform before a paying audience
Live permanently or long-term in the U.S.
Manage a business located in the U.S.[36]
Start a new branch, subsidiary, or affiliate of a foreign employer[34]
Enter the U.S. with the purpose of performing emergency response services[34]
Adjusted Visa Refusal Rate[edit]
US B visa refusal rate in fiscal year 2016
United States
Visa exempt countries
Over 50%
Over 40%
Over 30%
Over 20%
Over 10%
Over 5%
Over 3%
Under 3%
The adjusted visa refusal rate for B visas were as follows.
Country/Region
Fiscal Year 2008[38]
Fiscal Year 2014[39]
Fiscal Year 2015[40]
Fiscal Year 2016[41]
Fiscal Year 2017[42]
Afghanistan 51.00% 46.70% 61.03% 73.80% 72.14%
Albania 38.70% 39.80% 36.82% 35.95% 40.45%
Algeria 20.30% 23.10% 25.92% 36.00% 43.96%
Andorra n/a n/a n/a 28.57% 0.00%
Angola 17.10% 21.40% 26.77% 48.52% 36.01%
Antigua and Barbuda 21.70% 20.80% 20.17% 22.11% 20.50%
Argentina 3.10% 1.40% 2.14% 2.14% 1.79%
Armenia 53.30% 43.80% 47.17% 45.88% 51.87%
Australia n/a n/a n/a 15.38% 17.18%
Austria n/a n/a n/a 5.93% 5.00%
Azerbaijan 14.00% 13.50% 12.93% 14.83% 27.63%
Bahamas n/a n/a n/a 9.35% 9.32%
Bahrain 6.60% 4.70% 3.81% 6.26% 9.53%
Bangladesh 48.20% 50.80% 59.96% 62.82% 60.88%
Barbados 10.10% 9.80% 9.54% 11.24% 8.72%
Belarus 21.10% 14.00% 12.53% 14.87% 21.69%
Belgium n/a n/a n/a 7.33% 6.96%
Belize 25.40% 16.40% 30.47% 35.21% 30.91%
Benin 39.10% 31.40% 35.74% 38.01% 42.10%
Bhutan 48.30% 43.60% 54.55% 69.78% 52.43%
Bolivia 23.60% 13.60% 13.56% 14.36% 18.08%
Bosnia-Herzegovina 21.30% 16.10% 20.38% 19.70% 16.37%
Botswana 15.60% 16.90% 16.67% 18.97% 17.94%
Brazil 5.50% 3.20% 5.36% 16.70% 12.34%
Brunei n/a n/a n/a 13.51% 3.70%
Bulgaria 13.30% 15.20% 17.26% 16.86% 14.97%
Burkina Faso 44.40% 37.40% 50.37% 65.35% 75.74%
Burma 41.90% 15.50% 16.32% 13.02% 17.88%
Burundi 58.80% 50.00% 58.35% 61.33% 75.55%
Cabo Verde 42.70% 28.70% 36.05% 45.89% 50.70%
Cambodia 44.30% 39.90% 48.41% 35.62% 41.05%
Cameroon 46.70% 28.20% 29.89% 36.84% 47.29%
Canada n/a n/a n/a 47.93% 41.14%
Central African Republic 39.60% 46.60% 32.43% 35.12% 44.24%
Chad 41.40% 32.40% 33.87% 42.53% 51.65%
Chile n/a n/a n/a 11.43% 13.87%
China 18.20% 9.00% 10.03% 12.35% 14.57%
Colombia 25.60% 12.30% 15.52% 17.79% 21.93%
Comoros 14.00% 17.00% 54.44% 53.73% 48.45%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 36.20% 39.10% 45.62% 45.63% 49.94%
Congo, Republic of the 33.20% 35.40% 40.77% 46.55% 48.47%
Costa Rica 21.20% 11.40% 9.83% 8.39% 6.49%
Côte d'Ivoire 40.90% 29.80% 28.59% 37.38% 33.72%
Croatia 5.10% 6.10% 5.29% 6.78% 5.10%
Cuba 45.20% 66.20% 76.03% 81.85% 77.17%
Cyprus 1.70% 3.50% 3.53% 2.03% 1.69%
Czech Republic n/a n/a n/a 7.82% 6.81%
Denmark n/a n/a n/a 11.74% 13.18%
Djibouti 42.50% 50.10% 52.00% 47.09% 74.80%
Dominica 29.50% 29.00% 33.33% 31.63% 28.74%
Dominican Republic 45.60% 35.90% 33.78% 31.88% 35.78%
Ecuador 40.00% 20.80% 31.34% 29.18% 27.95%
Egypt 35.30% 34.00% 33.57% 28.61% 34.24%
El Salvador 45.70% 36.30% 45.72% 57.12% 52.97%
Equatorial Guinea 11.10% 17.80% 19.30% 17.75% 18.21%
Eritrea 51.10% 41.70% 55.67% 50.49% 71.69%
Estonia n/a n/a n/a 20.74% 21.16%
Ethiopia 46.70% 44.90% 48.32% 38.13% 50.30%
Federated States of Micronesia n/a n/a n/a 25.00% 100.00%
Fiji 38.00% 14.00% 14.92% 20.23% 26.59%
Finland n/a n/a n/a 7.72% 11.78%
France n/a n/a n/a 7.30% 7.43%
Gabon 23.00% 13.50% 15.74% 21.29% 26.10%
Gambia 55.70% 69.30% 75.64% 69.87% 70.27%
Georgia 46.60% 48.20% 50.58% 62.82% 61.09%
Germany n/a n/a n/a 7.25% 5.91%
Ghana 50.10% 59.80% 63.28% 65.70% 56.18%
Great Britain and Northern Ireland n/a n/a n/a 20.42% 20.15%
Greece n/a n/a n/a 16.37% 13.14%
Grenada 29.90% 29.50% 32.00% 35.71% 26.94%
Guatemala 33.80% 35.90% 45.37% 48.68% 47.14%
Guinea 63.80% 47.80% 59.81% 63.53% 64.59%
Guinea-Bissau 63.40% 56.50% 65.18% 71.88% 71.61%
Guyana 56.60% 40.20% 37.28% 25.76% 37.92%
Haiti 54.40% 58.20% 60.45% 64.52% 71.44%
Honduras 33.60% 36.80% 39.73% 42.76% 40.35%
Hong Kong S.A.R. 3.30% 3.10% 4.36% 4.61% 3.45%
Hungary n/a n/a n/a 15.48% 13.04%
Iceland n/a n/a n/a 7.69% 7.46%
India 24.70% 19.80% 23.78% 26.02% 23.29%
Indonesia 37.00% 8.30% 8.71% 11.19% 10.99%
Iran 42.50% 41.80% 38.55% 45.02% 58.66%
Iraq 46.30% 41.40% 52.82% 51.71% 60.71%
Ireland n/a n/a n/a 15.48% 17.89%
Israel 3.00% 8.20% 3.85% 4.09% 4.88%
Italy n/a n/a n/a 10.86% 12.54%
Jamaica 35.50% 32.30% 37.62% 35.64% 46.78%
Japan n/a n/a n/a 8.12% 8.47%
Jordan 43.20% 26.90% 37.59% 40.34% 40.06%
Kazakhstan 11.70% 9.90% 12.70% 27.55% 32.81%
Kenya 35.60% 27.30% 27.34% 26.60% 33.17%
Kiribati 26.20% 15.40% 16.05% 5.81% 5.13%
Korea, North 16.30% 55.60% 47.67% 15.00% 54.55%
Korea, South n/a n/a n/a 8.65% 9.05%
Kosovo 47.90% 38.10% 44.03% 41.48% 37.92%
Kuwait 6.50% 5.70% 5.73% 4.56% 8.32%
Kyrgyzstan 32.10% 43.20% 55.75% 51.68% 55.58%
Laos 73.40% 61.10% 66.68% 62.37% 63.66%
Latvia n/a n/a n/a 13.45% 12.83%
Lebanon 27.90% 16.10% 27.10% 25.41% 31.75%
Lesotho 32.10% 16.70% 13.95% 21.20% 35.97%
Liberia 70.70% 49.40% 62.45% 70.23% 64.98%
Libya 27.10% 33.90% 43.02% 40.58% 45.50%
Liechtenstein n/a n/a n/a 0.00% 0.00%
Lithuania n/a n/a n/a 22.36% 22.54%
Luxembourg n/a n/a n/a 7.69% 5.74%
Macau S.A.R. n/a n/a n/a 7.71% 5.38%
Macedonia 33.50% 29.80% 36.08% 33.84% 28.69%
Madagascar 11.90% 11.60% 11.01% 12.12% 11.00%
Malawi 28.90% 12.30% 10.23% 14.52% 26.49%
Malaysia 5.60% 4.60% 3.34% 3.65% 3.93%
Maldives 4.70% 6.70% 15.49% 47.56% 27.74%
Mali 48.10% 54.00% 52.77% 57.58% 59.43%
Malta n/a n/a n/a 8.38% 4.81%
Marshall Islands, Republic of the n/a n/a n/a 29.41% 5.88%
Mauritania 51.00% 52.20% 61.45% 71.45% 67.30%
Mauritius 11.60% 2.20% 5.71% 5.53% 8.29%
Mexico 11.40% 15.60% 20.17% 23.49% 22.50%
Moldova 36.70% 40.10% 41.83% 36.35% 49.12%
Monaco n/a n/a n/a 0.00% 0.00%
Mongolia 53.60% 27.90% 34.76% 43.63% 53.62%
Montenegro 25.60% 28.00% 31.26% 28.69% 26.41%
Morocco 24.00% 21.90% 20.60% 26.77% 36.99%
Mozambique 13.80% 4.00% 4.03% 10.29% 26.18%
Namibia 6.80% 7.60% 7.43% 5.56% 6.31%
Nauru 66.70% 42.90% 5.26% 13.33% 20.97%
Nepal 51.20% 38.20% 42.19% 49.54% 46.42%
Netherlands n/a n/a n/a 16.62% 9.65%
New Zealand n/a n/a n/a 15.45% 22.02%
Nicaragua 41.80% 35.80% 41.19% 44.54% 43.28%
Niger 55.70% 36.40% 31.10% 31.14% 30.65%
Nigeria 36.00% 33.20% 32.56% 41.44% 44.95%
Non-nationality Based Issuances[a] n/a n/a n/a 28.92% 35.61%
Norway n/a n/a n/a 21.96% 17.36%
Oman 2.20% 2.10% 2.00% 1.93% 3.46%
Pakistan 46.30% 38.00% 40.40% 46.43% 49.40%
Palau n/a n/a n/a 53.33% 83.33%
Palestinian Authority 55.60% 36.70% 42.68% 40.64% 50.98%
Panama 19.20% 10.00% 11.36% 12.05% 11.61%
Papua New Guinea 3.40% 7.40% 5.14% 10.56% 9.34%
Paraguay 14.40% 6.10% 6.15% 7.47% 6.83%
Peru 37.70% 13.80% 14.46% 28.61% 25.97%
Philippines 31.00% 24.60% 27.96% 27.29% 25.54%
Poland 13.80% 6.40% 6.37% 5.37% 5.92%
Portugal n/a n/a n/a 8.97% 11.06%
Qatar 4.90% 2.10% 2.97% 3.50% 7.48%
Romania 25.00% 9.80% 11.16% 11.43% 11.76%
Russia 7.50% 7.80% 10.24% 9.29% 11.61%
Rwanda 50.30% 51.10% 49.17% 43.79% 52.17%
Samoa 32.40% 27.20% 29.99% 28.44% 40.32%
San Marino n/a n/a n/a 0.00% 0.00%
São Tomé and Príncipe 28.60% 10.70% 5.71% 24.14% 14.81%
Saudi Arabia 6.60% 3.30% 3.24% 4.04% 5.26%
Senegal 55.20% 57.50% 54.37% 52.46% 56.85%
Serbia 11.70% 16.00% 16.54% 18.77% 22.33%
Seychelles 18.00% 6.80% 7.26% 9.66% 13.14%
Sierra Leone 50.10% 51.90% 53.02% 61.25% 47.30%
Singapore n/a n/a n/a 15.10% 13.74%
Slovakia n/a n/a n/a 12.28% 13.30%
Slovenia n/a n/a n/a 10.43% 19.22%
Solomon Islands 6.50% 5.40% 7.26% 4.28% 16.79%
Somalia 54.00% 52.00% 64.60% 63.89% 75.50%
South Africa 4.60% 2.60% 5.08% 6.83% 6.44%
South Sudan n/a 43.80% 41.77% 43.89% 47.52%
Spain n/a n/a n/a 15.09% 17.26%
Sri Lanka 31.40% 19.50% 22.07% 21.69% 26.19%
St. Kitts and Nevis 25.00% 27.50% 26.60% 28.31% 26.66%
St. Lucia 26.60% 27.60% 26.90% 27.16% 22.34%
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 26.40% 24.10% 27.15% 27.46% 20.38%
Sudan 38.60% 42.40% 40.45% 36.59% 51.37%
Suriname 9.60% 13.60% 7.78% 10.86% 11.44%
Swaziland 13.00% 10.00% 12.95% 8.03% 12.59%
Sweden n/a n/a n/a 12.78% 13.92%
Switzerland n/a n/a n/a 5.20% 5.89%
Syria 33.10% 60.00% 63.43% 59.77% 59.11%
Taiwan n/a n/a n/a 5.36% 5.42%
Tajikistan 32.40% 49.00% 44.44% 55.24% 51.84%
Tanzania 26.20% 21.30% 12.02% 23.05% 18.36%
Thailand 19.80% 10.20% 12.35% 17.82% 20.15%
Timor-Leste 16.70% 25.00% 12.68% 26.67% 7.02%
Togo 51.70% 35.60% 43.42% 54.39% 59.88%
Tonga 48.70% 25.40% 28.09% 31.58% 32.85%
Trinidad and Tobago 23.80% 21.20% 25.16% 22.70% 22.46%
Tunisia 23.90% 17.50% 19.69% 15.92% 19.53%
Turkey 11.20% 7.10% 13.88% 13.62% 17.86%
Turkmenistan 45.40% 18.60% 25.41% 32.95% 40.60%
Tuvalu 17.60% 27.30% 21.05% 20.00% 15.38%
Uganda 34.40% 37.20% 30.63% 41.53% 42.38%
Ukraine 30.90% 27.70% 34.03% 40.83% 34.54%
United Arab Emirates 10.40% 4.80% 7.10% 4.02% 5.80%
Uruguay 9.50% 1.80% 2.70% 3.14% 3.19%
Uzbekistan 61.10% 52.10% 49.59% 57.09% 50.29%
Vanuatu 16.70% 20.00% 10.53% 16.67% 13.51%
Vatican City 16.70% 7.70% 25.00% 0.00% 36.36%
Venezuela 25.40% 15.20% 15.57% 40.25% 42.87%
Vietnam 38.80% 14.30% 23.43% 29.49% 24.06%
Western Sahara n/a n/a n/a n/a 100.00%
Yemen 54.70% 44.20% 54.01% 48.85% 60.76%
Zambia 53.30% 22.20% 20.98% 22.26% 21.72%
Zimbabwe 30.30% 13.20% 21.03% 22.88% 26.32%
Jump up ^ *"Non-nationality based issuances" includes individuals presenting travel documents issued by a competent authority other than their country of nationality, including, for example, aliens traveling on a Laissez-Passer issued by the United Nations and refugees residing in another country.
See also[edit]
Visa policy of the United States
Permanent Resident Card (Green Card)
B visa in lieu of other visas
External links[edit]
US Department of State page on Visitor Visas
USCIS page on B-1 business visas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Fees for Visa Services". United States Department of State. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Reciprocity by Country". United States Department of State. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ 22 CFR 22.1, HeinOnline, 1 April 1994.
^ Jump up to: a b Federal Register document number 94-11681, United States Government Publishing Office, 16 May 1994.
Jump up ^ 63 FR 5098, United States Government Publishing Office, 30 January 1998.
Jump up ^ 67 FR 34831, Federal Register, 16 May 2002.
Jump up ^ 67 FR 62884, Federal Register, 9 October 2002.
Jump up ^ 72 FR 72243, Federal Register, 20 December 2007.
Jump up ^ 75 FR 28188, Federal Register, 20 May 2010.
Jump up ^ 77 FR 18907, Federal Register, 29 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "B-1 Temporary Business Visitor". USCIS. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
Jump up ^ "B Visa Overview | Immigration.Com - Law Offices of Rajiv S. Khanna, PC". Immigration.Com. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
Jump up ^ "Extend Your Stay". USCIS. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
Jump up ^ Tourism and visitors, U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Mexico.
Jump up ^ Temporary reciprocity schedule, United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "CBP Announces the Electronic Visa Update System". USCBP. Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ "Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) Frequently Asked Questions". USCBP. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ CBP Launches the Electronic Visa Update System for Early Enrollments
^ Jump up to: a b "FY17 Annual Report: Table XVII (Part I) Nonimmigrant Visas Issued Fiscal Year 2017". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ FY16 Annual Report: Table XVII (Part I) Nonimmigrant Visas Issued Fiscal Year 2016". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ FY15 Annual Report: Table XVII (Part I) Nonimmigrant Visas Issued Fiscal Year 2015". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "FY14 Annual Report: Table XX Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Visa Ineligibilities (by Grounds for Refusal Under the Immigration and Nationality Act) Fiscal Year 2014". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "2014 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: Table 28 - Homeland Security". United States Department of Homeland Security.
Jump up ^ "2015 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: Table 28 - Homeland Security". United States Department of Homeland Security.
Jump up ^ "2016 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: Table 28. Nonimmigrant Admissions (I-94 Only) By Selected Category Of Admission And Region And Country Of Citizenship: Fiscal Year 2016". United States Department of Homeland Security.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Entry/Exit Overstay Report Fiscal Year 2015". United States Department of Homeland Security.
Jump up ^ "Visas for Bosnia and Herzegovina". Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Kingdom of Norway. "Citizens of countries with which BiH has a visa regime can stay up to 30 days in Bosnia and Herzegovina without visa under condition that they possess a valid multiple visa or residence permit issued by the Schengen Agreement country, European Union Member States or United States of America. Such visas or resident permits should be valid for at least 30 days longer than the date of entry into our country."
Jump up ^ "Countries and regions that require a visa to travel to Mexico". Instituto Nacional de Migración. 27 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Visa information for Mexico[permanent dead link]". Timatic.
Jump up ^ Achkhanian, Mary (29 March 2017). "UAE visa on arrival for Indians with US visa, Green Card". Gulf News.
Jump up ^ "INA: Act 214 - Admission of Nonimmigrants". United States Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Jump up ^ "A 214(b) Denial: What it Means, What You Can Do". Gudeon & McFadenn Law Firm. August 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Visitor Visa". United States Department of State.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "B-1 Permissible Activities". United States Customs and Border Protection. July 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "9 FAM 402.2: (U) Tourists and Business Visitors and Mexican Border Crossing Cards - B Visas and BCCS". Foreign Affairs Manual. United States Department of State. December 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Business Travel to the United States". Bureau of Consular Affairs. United States Department of State. March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Working (Legally) on a Visitor's Visa or Visa Waiver Entry". Retrieved 15 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2008". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2014". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2015". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2016". United States Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2017". United States Department of State.
show
v
t
e
United States nonimmigrant visas
Diplomatic/Diplomatic Affiliated
A-1
A-2
A-3
Temporary Entry
B-1
B-2
Through Travel
C-1
C-2
C-3
Transitional Worker (Northern Mariana Islands)
CW-1
CW-2
Maritime/Aviation Crew
D-1
D-2
Treaty Investor
E-1
E-2
E-3
E-3D
E-3R
Students
F-1
F-2
F-3
Foreign Government Representatives
G
G-1
G-2
G-3
G-4
G-5
Temporary Worker
H-1A
H-1B
H-1B1
H-1C
H-2A
H-2B
H-2R
H-3
H-4
Foreign Media/Journalist
I-1
Cultural Exchange
J-1
J-2
Family of US Citizen
K-1
K-2
K-3
K-4
Foreign Employees of US Corporations
L-1
L-2
Vocational Students
M-1
M-2
M-3
Immediate Family of SK Visa Holder
N-8
N-9
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
NATO-1
NATO-2
NATO-3
NATO-4
NATO-5
NATO-6
NATO-7
Extraordinary Ability
O-1
O-2
O-3
Extraordinary Ability (groups)
P-1
P-2
P-3
P-4
Cultural Exchange
Q-1
Religious
R-1
R-2
Law Enforcement Witnesses/Informants
S-5
S-6
S-7
Human Trafficking Victims
T-1
T-2
T-3
T-4
T-5
Professionals Under NAFTA
TD
TN
Crime Victims
U-1
U-2
U-3
U-4
U-5
SIJS
Family of US Permanent Residents
V-1
V-2
V-3
CR-1
Visa Waiver Program
WB
WT
GB
GT
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B_visa&oldid=856720380"
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United States immigration law
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